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'""' — If [fr iiiiiM I ^ m 1.4 1.8 1.6 ^ /APPLIE D \M/\CE Inc ^^ Its'-,', fast Worn ■'.trt-e; ;.as I'-ie'i *b2 - ().wo - p^ore as; {-fte) 288 - ^989 Fo. ■?«SflSSM ^';<'' ,»-i>-'' €!: ; - ' «/ p ^rf NOTES ON THE CULTIVATION OF SOME STAPLE VEGETABLES n t tl \V. Samiv Bl..\lli, Siii>crlntiii of vc'rctaljics, luniv tiie following iiiforiiuitioii is kIvch Im rciianl to ^omc of the staple kinds. CARROTS AND PARSNIPS. These should lie (rrown in deep, fhoroiit,'id.v l>rei)ared .soil of li.ose ojun texture, to admit of even root development. '1 ids is especially true in the ease id' parsnips, as .1 heavy eompaet soil develops a [xjorly shaped and rooty parsnip. The ground may he spring or fall manured, ploughed di'eply and th(jrou;;hly workeil. The seed is sown in tht^ open gro\ni far apart in the row they lieconie too larire for tahle use. Tlie ■irouiid shotdd he rich enou;rh and suttici(>nt moisture maintained hy frequent cultivatinii to continue an even growth throughout the season. The root sliould he kpi)t c'overed with soil to the to)), preventin>r the top of the root from becoming grcon, which is olijectionahle for market carrots. BEETS. Heets for early use shoidd he started as early as possible on well prepared ground. I'or winter use .seeding toward the last of ilay, or early in .lune, is advised, as the bec't doi's not become so largo. Any good soil will develop good beets providing a uniform growth is maintained. A checked growth has a tendency to jtroduee tihre. Si.x iM)unds of seed iH»r acre is usually used. The seed is sown in rows two and one-half feot apart, and the [tlants thinned to three to four inches apart. BEANS. Roans do best on a fairly rich soil, and unlike the pea, require a warm situation and warm soil. While the pea will do well on a fairly heavy soil, the bean likes a loo-e, friable soil for best development. The seed should be sown not earlier than the nddlo of JIay. They are usually planted in rows two and ontvhalf feet part, and lie s('<.d dr<)pped two to three inches apart and one to one and one-half inches deep. Suceessional sowings may 1k' made every two weeks until the middle of July, for ic purpo.so of extending the season into the fall. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. H. GRISDALE, B.Agr., Director. W. T. MACOUN, Dominion Horticulturist. iTii!i;i, SPECIAL CIRCULAR No. 4. ONIONS. Onions do Ix'st on ii HkIiI loamy soil rii'li in iiluiit food. Lijflit loiiinM curi \m worki'd to bi'ttiT advimtuKf tliun licuvirr loams iind do not drj' ""t "o badly durini? sumnnT. An almndaiici of availnblc plant food is mcr— ai'v if iirotitalilo croiis aru t.'ood appiieatieu. If the -..il i- will -upplied with ve^'etable matter sneee-sful erops i.iay be uMwn with unereial fertilizer^ applied at the rate of .Mi(l to l.D' (( ixiund.; per acre. Tlii- is snwu broadea-t aiid liarroweeeder i- u-mdl.v u-< d. A seeiler and wlieel hoe combined can be purcha-ed from any seed merchant at a reas(Uiabl(^ rate. Seedinfi' should be done as .-onn in the sprinjjr as po»ibl('. so that the jilants will ;;et well e>tablisheil bef(U'e the dry, hot weather of summer. iraintenanee tillap' is doiu' principally with the wheel hoe, and con^i>t- in keep- in^'• the >urt'a<'e t;roiiud loose aroiind the plants and all weeds from startin(r. The fallini: down and withering;' ni the top> indicates maturity, at which time the onions should be pulled. Thiy are left for a ucek to dry, after wliicli they may be to|ipc crate is that a small bulk of onions is toffcther with plenty of ventilatien, which i~ v( ry nii'e.--ary I'or ]iroper curintj for storr.;-" or ship- ment. They -iionld not be >torcd in ba^s or in lar^e pi'.es in hulk. Tliev may be -tored ill slatted bins arraiiLTcd one above another. 111 inches to U inches deep. If stored the temperature sliouhl be- kept a- low as po»ible and thi' air 1m' dry. Onions may !"■ ,,tarti'd in llats in tin- hothed nv f;reenhoiir. t- i to twelve weeks before ready to plant, bein;;' -I't in the open emund I'arly in .Ma- iiey will transjilant easily, and p-ood laive plants will jin've imst satisfactory. liout ten {."-ood iilants can 1h' ^'rown on a s.piare ini'h. 'i'hi> seed should not he sov too thickly. One and one-half to two p.innd> of seeil will jjive sullie!<'nt plants to set an acre, spacing; tin? plant-- four inches ajiart in rows one foot apart. The disadvantaue is the exiienso of tran-plaiitinu-. l''er M'curiii},' early (uiions and (Uiions of lar^c ^ize this i)raetlco is advisable. CABBAGE. Any pood pirdcii >i'il will ;^row cabbaf,'e. A warm, well draine(l sandy loam, very ricli in plant 1' 1. is be-t f.ir early cabbapro. A northern exiMis,jre i- i,evt f,,r late cabbaue and a laiivy >o;l may be used. The cabbr.iiv is a r'ross feeder and there is no danj^er from makiiiii' the ii'-nund too rich. Tw.-ity tons or more jier acre ..f manui-e can be used, and tlil> may be sii]iplemented with from ."iOO p. l..".()0 ihiund- of com- men-ial fertilizer for an acre, ('ominercial fertilizer is esp(e|,illy advisable for early eabbaL'o where' the object 1- to develop marketable cabbafre quickly. ff the frround has biiai manured in the fall and ploufrhcd. it should be ajjaia plouiahed ill the sprinfr and thoroufihly worked to a depth of sl\ inches. For early eabbaj;e start the .seed about March I'k The scedliiifrs are tran>iilanted to two inches apart three weeks later, and will Ik- reaily for the open izr nind earlv in May. The plants are usually set on the level in rows ."iO inches apart and is indies npiirt ill till' nuv. '.ntr iiilil>ii«r iirc usiuill.v jtruwn I'nuii miiI (pwii thiiilv in ii i'<"l i cool, rii-h li.;ini. .\ northern exposure is ho-t. Cor- tiiiuoiis growth is iiiiporiaiil. and aiiylliiiit' th.it tend- to cheek the ]ilaiit in any way should he avoidi-d. Dry ueiillur often ii-iii|s in faihire, ami where waterini,' is liosslhle it may he advi~;,Mo. f.ir ip'ly ami lale eaiilillowrr ~tart the -eed and handle • he same a- for early ami late r'jihh.ii:,-. e\ee|i| that more e.inM'nl attention should he (.'ivcai to detail in the devi'|o|iiiicnt of plant-, l.iki' the e:il,liaMe, it fakes iihont seven xvecks to develop a st..eky, [iroperly hardened-otf plant. Tho.v may he spaced in the tield the sunii' as cahhaire. Vllell the head- are three to four iml;es l,i diameter the leaves should he tied to;;ether over the head in order to deveh.p .1 j^Mod white llower. TURNIPS. The larly tiiniips luny he sowi: as s a- ilie yi-oiind i- tit, in urll prepared soil. The Suede turnip -lioiild he -own ahoni tlie la-' ^if May. Tlicy do hc-l 011 a u 1 lo^iin retentive of moi-tnre. Continuous jjrowlli i- neees-ary to develop t'o-| quality. Like iiio-t of \\tr root ei-ops. they (levelop hest duriiii;- the damp, cool fall ^.( ither. and (hi- advanla.:4e of late -eedint;' is that tlie.v make little izrowth diirin;.' tin hot summer. de\c|opiii^' a siieeuleiit tissue ill the fall. Swi'de turnips |ilanted carl.v are very liahle to he cheeked ill (.iTowtli during' the heat o| the suinmer, devcloiiiiif^ a n^of containing' mm-h tihre, and laekini^ in quality. CORN. A warm, friahlc. rich ..oil .slupuld ln' selected for garden corn. The seed is sown in hills three and one-half feet apart each way. and live plants allowed to develop in a hill. The seed is sowv -ooii after the midillo of .May. Karly and la*c varieties -lioiild he planted to extenil the supply of tahic corn into the fall. As is the ease with poa- .Mml heaiis, constant surface cultivation to keep the weeds down and maintain a loo-e surface mulch is iicccssary. PEAS. dardcn jieas may he sown as soon as thi' uround i^- lit to work. The land should ho f,dl manured with ten to liftciai tons of well rotfi'd in, mure per a. and plousrlicd. 11:1- i- w<-ll wiirked in the spring;' to a depth of IIm' im-lies. 'I'he seed is usually sown low- two and one-half feet apart, ami the -ced planted one inch apart in the row. I>warf and semi-dwarf varieties do not require slaking-. It is advis.dile to stiike I1 '• tall-;.;rowinir st)rts. 1| oia- variety (piily is used, sue<'essional sowinf;s should he iiuule e\i'ry week or le i ilays until tho first of June. The frardeii ]icr. is a eoiil season veiretahle, and will t .In «oll ,l„r,M^ tl... I,..„ „f „.„„„..,. Th.. s..,,, „,,v „.,,„|,.,| „|.o l,T pU„,ir ( RADISH. Tlu. r,Hl„l. nin.v I,,. ,„„•„ ,„ „,..„ „. tl„. ^muM.l i. lit to work, ,., row. m,^ fo,.t one woL'k iipurt until llio lit^t <,( .Imir. LETTUCE. friiiMi \n.v_j:oo,l .:,r,l,.„ ..il w,ll ^rou' l.ttur,.. Tl,o .^roun,! -l,o„l,l 1„. riol, „„,| f.iHv Mf -Old iiin.v In' -lowti in-.i I 1. UN ,,n. .lovolo,,..,! ,H ,s tho ,,.so with o,,l,l.,u... Tho.v n,:,,v 1 .t i„ n,w. o,„. toot ii|i.irt, iiuil -^i\ moll, -I iipart in the row. .So,.,i n.,.v l,o ,own in the o,,..,, ^,roMn.l „ n ., it i. ti, ,„ u„,l<. au.l tlio plant. '"'"'■'' V, ;■'"••■•• -^^ ,""■'"- ' rt. S„. -i„„;,l -owinK^ .n,,v 1„. ,„..|o ,.vor • two X;:;;;;!,:;':;,;;'" ■•' •'' ■ ^ ''-^■' " "■■• i^'--- au.-mo.. „ ..,1 ,..., Published by direction of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minister o. Agriculture, Ottawa.Ont. ¥;u^'^