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cZ^-i^^l^^^tZ-- -^?C:e:^^-tnU^ - y^ .£..y ^- f'i^T;- 
 
/ 
 
 THE NEW INTERMEDIATE 
 
 ILLUSTRATED GEOGEAPirY 
 
 FOR THE LSI-; 
 
 OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS 
 
 IN THE 
 
 DOxMINION OF CANADA 
 
 HY THE BROTIIERS OF THE OHRISTfAX SCHOOLS 
 
 MONTREAL 
 
 60, OOTTB STREET, 60 
 
 J. CIIAPLEAU 4 SON, PaiNTEns and BooKDiNDEns, 31 Cotte Street. 
 
 /y/ 
 
u 
 
 o<. 
 
 j N 
 
 (^ . 
 
 HeKlsttM'ed according to tlio Act of Parlia.noiU of Canada, in the year one thousand ei- 
 _luu uh.ed and seventy-six, by P . L^^Ks^^^K^l.e Oilice of the Minist^of AgH; "11,"; 
 
 lit 
 
ire. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The favorabl.! roc-pdon whiHi our procvlins ^'pngiaphical piiblicalions haw nl.iamr,! 
 lo^',.|li,.r with llio (losiiv, wliicli 111,, heads of s<..v..ral .•diicatioiial rslablishnionls liavc maiiin'.lr,! 
 I losp.M.iiiTo.irsocomi.lotod, liav.'indiicodiis to nndcrlako thoconipilation of Ih.' pivscit work" 
 I wliirh IS cliit-ny dosifjiiod to supply thn want of iui .d<Mih-iilarv tivatisc, fur tli,- pupils of ||„' 
 
 j imddlo cours... This volmno is ii ssarily less coinpL.to than that of our lltustmtnl (hu.„'„plni 
 
 hiUilis sulficKMilly drv.dopod, liowevor, to satisfy th.- oxI-cikmcs of iIk- .-ours,' for %vlii,di it '\l 
 intended. In this, as in other works of tho samn nalnro, we f<dlow, Ihrondiont, a ralion.il ;ui,| 
 
 systematical niellio.l, so that tho pupil having thoroughly uiasterc.l one lesson, will expeii v 
 
 lint little einharrassinent in tho subsequent ones. 
 
 In order not to augment too much the size of the volume, an,l eonsefiueiillv the pi i.v „r n,,. 
 book, we have decided to dispense with Iho syslem which is now generallv adopted in all didaclic 
 works of annexing qneslions to each lesson of tho text : to siipplv, howeveV, th.- deficiency arisiu.r 
 from the want of enough of catechetical matter to render the lessons snniciently luci,], ;nid in 
 order to enjoy the advantag.'s of the method without at the snme time assuming' its defects, w,' 
 give, as an instance, the questions in connection with the ITih lesson only. The first sixte.'u 
 lessons, containing the preliminaries and defi.iilio.is, have questions iuserte.f ai<o In the ullier 
 
 lessons, as the matter is presented in IIk- snme ord,.r, it will be oasv to adapt I [iiesib.ns m 
 
 suit, since, for the most part, a chiinge of a few words is all that will be reiinired. 
 
 This work comprises two distinct parts, each of which has its own particular imporlaiice • ili,> 
 lr.Li, or the part which the pupils re(iiiire to commit to memory, and the rxnxhrs, which refer to 
 the demonstrations on tli(> maps. 
 
 The trxl, allhmigh occupying but a comparatively small space, neverlbelc.ss embraces a co-n 
 pleto ic/io/c, and about as much as Ijio pupils of this secliou aiisolulelv require t„ Know ;is • 
 situation of countries, population, religion, govei'umeni, ^c. 
 
 The exercises alford an easy -ii I agreeable moans to impress upon the miud of the Irarui^r llie 
 contents of the maps, without f ^iviiingthe memory with nomenclatures as tedious to l.wirn 'is 
 they are easy to forg,-l. Every day experience proves the excellence of Ihes,. exetrises both on 
 account of the great attraction which pupils find in stmlies of this nature, and the pro^M-ess which 
 is lli(> result of them, for success almost invariably accompanies a studv wliiih pli^as" s • and in 
 elfect, ought not tho chief aim of all educational works be to furnish a'tdeasiii-r ami eUv' .■>,.'■,„ ■ 
 of ac(]uiruig knowledge. 
 
 The volume concludes with a few lables showing tho districts, comilies, Imviis, villages \c 
 of the ditlereiit provinces of Canada. These tables contain information which could olherwis.- 
 hi- found only afler long research : with a few explanations from the teacln'r. Iliey can be referred 
 to by the pupil when necessary. 
 
 The maps need no commendation ; a single glance at them sufHces to jnuve their e.xcelleuce 
 The maps of the Provinces of the Dominion of Canada were engraved expressly for thisvvork. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Alivt-'-iiii.i 
 
 .M-'li;;fiist,iii 
 
 Wrwii 
 
 Aini'i irii 
 
 Atiiiilfil Kim;,'i|(i]i 
 
 Alllilll'N 
 
 Ar:rlp|,i .■.■;.'; 
 
 Ar-i'riiiii,. (;iiii|l.,|(Talinii, 
 
 Ah.i 
 
 Au-lr.il,isi,i 
 
 All>llM 
 
 M.iiImiv '„,', 
 
 Hrlt'iiun 
 
 • {■'I"ill'll|s|;||| 
 
 UhIim,-. 
 
 Him'iI 
 
 I!iili-li Cnliiinlii.i I 
 
 l!rili>li l-|rs 
 
 (!aij;ii|;i 
 
 C inliiiJil I'niriK .. 
 
 <:i'|ilp-,ll Alrir,! 
 
 (Irrilriil Anii'i-ii'ji.. 
 
 Cirvl.'s 
 
 CIIjIII 
 
 ■ !1 i (^liiiiJi 
 
 :i'.' i Cliiimlcs 
 
 .'I.'l i Clilliah' nl' CitMihi 
 
 >* i Oiilllllllil:! 
 
 <i ; Oiiiiiliii'rri' 
 
 ■ ■ I Ci'lililliMllill I'r.lllln's .... 
 
 •>■' l<.'"iilirii'iiiiil WahTs 
 
 ?l I), iiiii.irk 
 
 •i" I'liiniiiimi III' Ciinaila 
 
 • I'j Ka^li'i'M Afrii'ii 
 
 '.'T l';nia(|nr 
 
 ■'I'l iv'viii. .'.'.■■ 
 
 "'i l'>i!.-l;ni.l 
 
 :l.' Kllldln. 
 
 ■.'I Kr.Ki,-. ■.;;;;;; 
 
 -'•' 'Ii'r'Jiiiniv 
 
 (iivrc. ; ■■' 
 
 • ■• '•■> I "liiian.'i. 
 
 •■■■ '■• ■ ll-llii-lihrivs .'.,' 
 
 Ililnii>lail 
 
 11 
 
 i; 
 
 :i7 
 
 I'l 
 
 :i,s 
 
 II 
 ■ i ( 
 l!i 
 '■'I'l 
 
 ■,':t 
 
 I" j lii'li.i...... 
 
 'i li'i'laiiil'., 
 21 1 lluly. ... 
 
 .I.'i|iaM 
 
 I.ahtiiili' ,111 I l,-ii-il"ii.ii' 
 
 .M.lla.\>ia 
 
 MaiiiKilia 
 
 Mi'\ii'fi 
 
 Miniral Kinniinin 
 
 I Molifiiis nC lli(> lOdrlli.. ., 
 
 .Vatiiral Itivisidiis 
 
 N''\v l!niii>\vick 
 
 \''uroii(|laiiil 
 
 Niirilj Aiiii'ni a 
 
 .\nrlli Wci-l T.rrildrv 
 
 N'li'Was' 
 
 .Viiva ScciiJa 
 
 Niiliia ; 
 
 flocania 
 
 Oiilario 
 
 I'araj-MKiy 
 
 I'ala^'niiia 
 
 Persia 
 
 I'rni [[ 
 
 l'ol\ iic-ia 
 
 I'fiiiiit'al ...'....'. 
 
 I'n'liiiiitiari''s 
 
 •fl I'rii I'Mwanl I>laii,|,. 
 
 I'iirici)ii's and ili'liiiitinM 
 
 I'nissia 
 
 (,turl)(in 
 
 niissia 
 
 s.iitiaii.i !'..",■;."; 
 
 Siln'ria 
 
 l^iailh Aiiirrica ' 
 
 •'^millh'rii AlVii'a ,, 
 
 S|iaiti ['[ 
 
 Swi'ili'i] " ■" 
 
 Swilzcrlaiirl 
 
 Talili's .■'"■ 
 
 'riiiki'stan ][ 
 
 'I'lirki'V in A>ia .'. 
 
 'I'lirki'v ill Kiii,i|)(. [ 
 
 I'liilnj Slali's 
 
 liiiili'dSlah'sdrCdliiiiil, 
 
 I'liif-Miay 
 
 Vi'f.'1'tal Kiiipilom.. 
 
 N'l'iM'/iK'la 
 
 Wi'slcTii Africa ... 
 
 \Vi'si Indies 
 
 ' Zones 
 
 ■,'7 
 10 
 
 ■i'i 
 ;in 
 
 IS 
 
 :t.) 
 ■.'s 
 '."i 
 
 '.'S 
 'li 
 
 ifi 
 
 la Pi 
 
 III 
 
 ,1.") 
 
 \H 
 
 (J 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 .Map (iniif \Viirld No ... 
 
 N'iirlli Aiuoiiia 
 
 DniniiiiHii oC Ciiiada.... 
 I'ruviin'i' (if Qunlux 
 
 I'riiviiii'i' I.I lliii.in.i 
 
 I'i'tlV. (if .Ni'W IJlMlll.sWlik 
 
 L'liili'd Slali> 
 
 WtM Indies 
 
 'i Srnilli .\iMi'riia.. 
 
 li f;uni|ii. 
 
 7 , Hiilisli Isles ... . 
 s I Cenlral Knrojie,. 
 
 Asia 
 
 Africa.... 
 (K'eania . 
 i'alesline. 
 
 \3 
 
 !4 
 
 
. f 
 
 'lillllinlls. I 
 
 ■.'; 
 
 10 
 
 '.'. -ii 
 
 ;in 
 
 IH 
 
 in 
 
 jx 
 
 oj 
 
 '.'S 
 
 ii ' 
 
 :vi I 
 
 .n 
 
 ' ^'» I 
 
 I(> ! 
 
 ■t-t 
 
 7 
 
 I'.l 
 
 :t,") 
 
 [H 
 
 (i 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 It 
 
 THE NEW INTERMEDIATE ILLUSTRATED GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 PAaiUMt.NT IlyCSE OF OlTAWA. 
 
 PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS. 
 
 Li:sso\ i.-I'Ui;limi\arihs. 
 
 I. niiii/ is (:r<,,/ra/,ltij ?— Geography is a dcs- 
 
 niiilioii of llic cai'tli ami llic ]iiM>|ilr w ho iiihaliit 
 it. 
 
 -\ h iltr Siir/iir>'(,f ihr i-:„rih /^cr/ /— Tiio Sur- 
 face of the Earth is not level, it invsuiits a 
 lar-i' iiniiiiprr dl' Physical Foaturos. 
 
 :!. WImi ,ln ij,,ii iiuiui III/ I'/iijsiral Fiaturcs? — 
 Physical Features arc portioiis of various 
 foniH which jicar ililfcrciil names; as, mouu- 
 laiiis. seas, rivers, cs,c. 
 
 ■4. Jltiii: are the iilii/sinil fniiuns iliciilnl ?~7]u> 
 jihysical featun.'s ar,; divided into Land and 
 
 Water. 
 
 I.KSSON 11 -NATLRAL DIVISIONS OF 
 LAND. 
 
 .). !!/('(/ (irr Ihr natural ilirisions of land?— 
 The natural Divisions of laud are continents, 
 islands, peninsulas, isthmuses, capes, hills, 
 mountains, volcanoes, &c. 
 
 l<. Whni is a Coniiuntt ?—\ Continent is a 
 vast division of land whiidi can he traveised 
 without crossing .soas. E.\. : America, tm 
 
 7. What is an Island ?— An Island is a porlimi 
 of laud entirely surrounded hy water. K\.: The 
 Island of Orleans, near Quebec. 
 
 H. ]\'hal is an Archipclaijo ? — An Archipelago 
 is a group of islands. 
 
 !•. Whai is a I'minsala ! — .\ Peninsula is a 
 
 portion of laud almost surrounded iiy walei' . 
 E.\. : Nova Scotia. 
 
 10. What is an Islhnias .'—An Isthmus is a 
 narrow neck of lan<l which connects two laryer 
 portions. E.\ : TIk; Isthmus of Panama. 
 
 11. What is a Cape .'~\ Cape is a poiu'. of 
 laud which e.xleiuls into the water. Ea : Cape 
 Sable, in Nova Scotia. 
 
 {a] If any of the physimil IV'iUurii's an,' in llie vicinity 
 aiiJ well kiiuvv -I hy the pujiils, they slioulii lio cited inpri'- 
 leri'iici! In I: -•' i^M'ri as exam]iles. 
 
CONTINENTAL FEATfnES.-NATLnAL DIVISIONS OF WATEIl. 
 
 CiTV, rii.VI.NSUr.A, Isf.AND, MoU.NTAIV, 4c. 
 
 I.KSSOX in.-CONTINENTAL FEATURES. 
 
 1-^' \nai is a Mountain ?^\ Mountain is a 
 111;;!) flfvalioii oIlaiKl Kx. : Mount Royal. 
 
 l:i- n/iai ,s mrnni bij the atlitiuie of a muun- 
 /"'.'/ .'--Thv Altitude of a iiioiiiilainis i.slioi-lit 
 aliovc Iho sea or a nvcr 
 
 1 1. Wml is mrant bij a Mountain Cliain, or 
 nnniir?-\ Mountain Chain or Range is 
 'iiany iiioiiiilains joiii.Ml to^iMliur. Ex.: Noliv 
 Damp .Moimtams, ill Uimouski Coinitv, W Q 
 
 \'>. \y/iatisa /W/.^-AHilllsasmall moiiii- 
 I'liii K\. : Th,. woslorii part of Mount Royal. 
 
 Hi. WItaiisa i'"/'v»(o .?-A Volcano is a iiioiiii- 
 '■■'Ml uliirli (Muiis huniiu- matter. Ex : Mount 
 ^ I'siivius, in Italy 
 
 IT niiatisa Plain ?-\ Plain is a flat tract 
 ol country, or apimroiilly of Ihusaiue level. Ex • 
 The I'laiii ofChanihly. 
 
 IS. What is a rialvau ral>lr-Lun<l ^~APla,tea.\l 
 or Table-Land is an elevated plain. E.v. : the 
 I'laius of Alirahain, at guebrc. are a pl.ateaii 
 
 l'.». i^hat is a Vallry?-\ Valley is a plain 
 iM'tween inonnlaiiis or hills, ordinarilv crossed 
 I'y a rnvr. Ex. : the Valley of the St-Maurice | 
 
 :-'fl. W/ialisa />«T/ .?-A Desert is an nniu 
 liabited and liarrcn tract of conntrv. Ex • th, 
 northern part of the North West Territory 
 
 LESSO.N IV 
 
 -NATURAL DIVISIONS OF 
 WATER. 
 
 ■2\. Wial arc the Natural iJirisimis of water?— 
 The Natural Divisions of water are oceans, 
 S(>as, gulfs, straits, havens, streams, rivers lakes 
 etc. 
 
 2-2. What is an Orcan ;?— An Ocean is the lar- 
 gest Ijoily of salt water separating continents 
 Ex. : the Atlantic Ocean, east of America. 
 ^ 2;?. Wliat is a Sea ?~\ Sea is part of an ore.-ni. 
 Ex. : the Modilerranean Sea. 
 
 2i, ll7ir(; is a Gulf?~-\ Gulf or Bay is a jiart 
 of the sea which stretches inland. Ex. : the Culf 
 of St-Lawrence; the Day of Fiindy. 
 
 25. Wliatis a Strait ?—\ Strait is ,t narrow 
 passage of water which iiuiles two largi'r por- 
 tions. Ex. : th(! Strait of Di-lle Isle, between 
 Labrador and Newfoundland. I 
 
 20 What is a Haven ?—\ Haven is a portion ' 
 of water which extends inland .iiid allbrds seen- - 
 rity for ships. I 
 
 27. What is a ReefZ—X Reef is a chain of ' 
 rocks lying near the surface of the water on 
 which ships are sometimes wrecked. 
 
 28. I17(«/ is a Current /—\ Current is a nart 
 of the si'a in which the water Hows .xs in a 
 river. 
 
CONTINENTAL W.VTEIIS. 
 
 LESSON V.-GO\TI\ENTAI. WATERS. 
 
 2',). \y/i,it is a Lnkf >—\ Lake is a portion of 
 waliT almost siirrouinled Ly land; if very small 
 it is called a pond. 
 
 30 What is Ihc Vnllnj or fiasin of n rircr ?— The 
 Valley or Basin of a River is the tract of 
 coniilry drained Ity the river and its afllnents. 
 E.\. : the Valley of the St-Lawrence which ex- 
 tends from its two banks to the sources of its tri- 
 hnlarics. 
 
 31 Wluil is a slope?— \ Slope is part of a 
 Iiasin . Ex.: the River St-Lawrenco has a north 
 and a south slope. 
 
 3-2. What is a Wutcr-Slici! .?— A Wat„.. 3hed 
 is the separation of two slopes. Ex. : the Moun- 
 tains of Gaspe are the water-shed between the 
 St-Lawronce and the Ray of Chalenrs. 
 
 33. What is a lUirr ?~\ River is a largo 
 stream of water which flows into a l.irger por- 
 tion Ex : tlie St-Eawreiico. 
 
 3 1. Wliat is a Slrram ?~\ Stream is a smaller 
 liody of water than a river. 
 
 LESSO.N VI.-C()NTl\E\TAI. WATERS. - 
 
 [Coiitiniird). 
 
 35. ll'/i(// is an AlflariU or Tril)Ularu?—\n Af- 
 fluent or Tributary is a river that flows into 
 an other river; the place where two courses of 
 water unite is called Confluence. Ex.: the 
 City of Sorel is situated at the conlluence of the 
 River Richelieu with the St-Lawrence, and the 
 Richelieu is an afllneiit or tributary of the St- 
 Lawrence. 
 
 36. What is the Soarcc and the Month of a river ? 
 —The Source of a river is the place in which 
 it takes its rise or connnences ; the Mouth is 
 the place wiiere it empties or flows. 
 
 37 H7)(// is airanl Inj Up a Rirrr and Down a 
 liirrr .^— Up a River is towards its source, and 
 Down a River is towards its Mouth. 
 
 38. Where is the Ri.jht flanlc and the Left fianli 
 of a River?— Thi^ Right Bank of a River is 
 
 the bank on the riyht hand of a person tiu'ned 
 towards its month, or going (bnvn the stivam 
 and the Left Bank is tin; one on iiis Icfi . 
 
 311 W/iat is a I'alaraet or Falls ?~.\ Cataract 
 Of Falls is the falling of wairr owiMprcripic,.. 
 It is also called a Cascade. Ex.: the I'alls of 
 Niagara. 
 
 40. Wliat is a Canal ?—.\ Canal i.> an aililicia! 
 river or channel filled wilii water loi- ilie p;i-- 
 sage of vessels. Ex.: Ridi'an Canal. 
 
 41 What is a Torrent ?—\ Torrent is a rapid 
 current of water occasioned by rain ur Ihr jnel- 
 ting of snow. 
 
 LESSON V 11. 
 
 42. Hoir may the Posilina of ihr ilijfrrnil imin/s 
 on the surface of Ike earth hr drin-, lined ?—'\'ho 
 Position of dill'ereiit places is foinid by means 
 of the Mariners Compass and liie Circles. 
 
 43. Which are the Cardinal i'oinls ?~T\w Car- 
 dinal Points are North, South, East. ;nhl 
 West. 
 
 45. What side is the Fast ?—'l'\u' East is lli,. 
 side towards which the sun rises. 
 
 40. Wliat side is the (tVs/ 1*— The West is Ilie 
 side towards wliich the sun sets. 
 
 M.MllM.it'.-- (;n.M|.\>s, 
 
 47. Where is the South ?—Thr South is (he 
 side on which the sun is at uoo?!. 
 
NOTIONS OF THE EARTH.— CinCLES. 
 
 is Whrrc is the Nonh?-lhi^ North is the 
 iDuil opposite IheSoiilli. 
 
 •i!). //,))(' mmj ihr Cardinal Points be found ovl ? 
 —'I'll'' Cardinal Points may lie found out i,y 
 a person lumin- to the sun at uomi. he will 
 face the soutii, Ills l,ack to the n.. Ii. Ins rJ"hl 
 hand 10 the west and liw left to th.> , .i,t 
 
 aO How arc the. in/rnncdiate Points named '— 
 The udennediate Points lake their name from 
 tlio two pomts hol-.veen wJiich they are. (Sec the 
 Illustration, page ,3]. 
 
 .">! Mlirre are the Cardinal Points on map<i'~ 
 On maps, the N . ,s at the lop , the S., at the hot- 
 lorn; the Iv, at tjie ri-jil , and the \V., at the 
 left. ' 
 
 I.KSSOX Vfll.-MOTIONS OF Til K KARTll. 
 
 •V:. (Ifu-lial shape is the earth?— Tho w\r\h is 
 Round, nearly like an orange 
 ^ ^ ;■);<. Ihw IS a known that the earth is round ?~ 
 The earlh is known to bo round : jrst, because 
 It was several limes circumnavigated, 2iid, be 
 • aiise its shadow on the moon during an ecl'ipse 
 IS always round ; &c. 
 
 -Vt. What IS the lemjlh of the Circumference of ' 
 the earth ?-Thi^ Circumference of the earth is 
 •-'•■■),0(I0 miles. 
 
 55 Wiiat is the lewjth of the Diameter of the 
 earth ?-niii Diameter of the earth is nearlv 
 S.miO miles. 
 
 5t) Wliat IS tlie niametcr called around which 
 the earth seems to rerolre?-The Diameter 
 aroun.l which Ihe earlh appears to revolve is 
 called Ihe Axis. 
 
 58 How many principal Motions has the earth '/ 
 ^ The earlh has two principal Motioi^s : one 
 0(1 Us axis, the olher around Ihe sun, 
 
 58. In what direction docs the earlh revolre on 
 Its axis /-The earth turns on its axis from West 
 lo East. 
 
 5!) How lowj docs the earth talic to rcrolrc on its 
 ".n,s?--Tlio earth revolves on its a.vis once m 
 iweiily-four hours I 
 
 00. ffnw long does the eailh lake In describe its 
 rerolulion uround Ihe sun .'-Xha earlh r(>volves 
 around Ihe siui once in about 3(;,5.^ days. 
 
 01. What effect is produced b,i Ihr diurnal, or 
 duilij rcrolulion?-nw Diurnal ivvoh.linn of 
 Ihi! earlh jirodnces day and iiiglii. 
 
 0-2. 117(0/ ejfrct is produced bi/ the rerolulion of the 
 earth around the ,•;»,( .'-The Revolution of liie 
 earlh around Ihe sun produces the seasons, 
 which are Spring, Summer, Autumn, ami Win- 
 ter. 
 
 LESSON IX.-CIRCLKS. 
 
 03. What are Circles in Geograjdnj ?— Circles I 
 in Geographyare imaginary liiiespassin-.-ound 
 Ihe earth on its surface 
 
 04 How arc Circles ni Gcographij dirided?— 
 The Circles of Ihe earth are divided into two 
 kinds ; Great and Small Circles. 
 
 05. Into how manii narts is each cirrle „/' //„; 
 Sphere dirided ?~Endi circle of the Sphen; is 
 divided into 300 degrees, each degree is divided 
 into 00 minutes, and each minute, iun, CO se- 
 conds 
 
 GO. Which are the Great Circles v'— Tlie Great 
 Circles are the Horizon, the Meridians, the 
 E(jualor, and the Ecliptic_ 
 
 07 What is Ihe Horizon :'— The Horizon is a 
 great circle wdiich divides Ihe earth into two 
 equal parts. 
 
 08. What is the Sensible Hon :-nu ■:'~'Yl\,' Sen- 
 sible Horizon is tlie curl,, which bonnds our 
 view anil where Hie earlh app.'ars ^Wo/^'/j the 
 sky. 
 
 Each pari of tlie Clobc li;is its particular 
 Horizon, 
 
 00 What is Ihe Kipuu.w .^-Tiie Equator is a 
 great circle which runs from east to west at an 
 equal distance from the Poles 
 
 70 What arc the Po^s-/— The Poles are Ihe 
 two extremities of the earth's axis i^o. 5(1). 
 
 71 JIow many Poles are there ^ -There are two 
 
)1U1(1 
 
 cinnLfis—r.ATiTrDE and r.oNr.iTUDi:. 
 
 Poles: the North, or Airlic Polo \,i\ ami tlio 
 Soiitii, or Anlarclic, {hj Poio 
 
 7?. Hoic (lues the crjualor dkidc the earth ?~- 
 Tlio o([iialor divides the earlh into two oijiial 
 [.arts : oiio called the Northern Hemisphere 
 ('•I, and ihe oilu'r, tlie Southern Hemi- 
 sphere. 
 
 Circles and Zones. 
 
 III. 
 
 III. 
 
 A I!. 
 
 N. 
 
 s. 
 
 AX. 
 
 ll.ilional irnrizoii. f:t>. Pohir Circlns 
 Sf'risili|i> lldrizmi. I>I,. I'.inilN'ls 
 
 '■'lllill"!-. Al', I'l', I„ltitll(|p' 
 
 ■"^'"I'lli l'<'l"- Ml-. IJ., r.niM'ilu.lc 
 
 Sotilh I'nh'. (;. Torrid Zoiip, 
 
 „,,..,. ;^^'^"'H"' '-^ii'tli. IJ. N. i.'minM-ati'Zoii-. 
 
 Ml), I.I. M.M'i.liims. I). S. (,.m|„.raleZoii.;. 
 
 i. Irn|,irr,r(:.inr,.r. A, K. I'Vigiil Zone. 
 
 1 1'.. Iri'iiic 0) (.',i|iric()i'n. 
 
 l.KSSOX \.~CAnVA.K^..-iCnnlinue,l). 
 
 7;i What is a Mrriilinn?—\ Meridian is a 
 great eirelo which c.xlends north and south 
 around th(> earth p.-issiu- Ihrougii the poles, and 
 divides tiio earth into two luMiiispiieres; the 
 Eastern Hemisphere and the Westein llcmi- 
 sphei'e. 
 
 7i H7i// in this eirde callrd Maidian ?~h)s 
 called Meridian, because wiien the sun reaches 
 
 two 
 
 ((() Airlir. Iii'ciii.w orilii- conslcllation ciilledOrfat U.-ar 
 (.(/•(7o\) wliii Ills iiitlio iiurlli ul'tlii' lii-aviTis, 
 
 (/') Ojiposilo llii! Arctic 
 
 ((•) .S>/(,7r 111 '.iiis ijloh,; ui- /,„// ,• Ihnisniiere mojns /,«//' 
 a splnir. ' ' 
 
 tills line, it is noon, mid-day for the people who 
 live (111 the illiiuiinaled portion. 
 
 7'), What IS a l-'irsi Mrridinn ?~\ First Merid- 
 ian is a particular meridian, varyin- wiih 
 diflereiit countries, IVdiii wiiicli lon-itnde is 
 reckoned K\. : In En-land the FirM Meiidian 
 passes thron-h Greenwich ; in the I'liited States, 
 through Washington; and in France, tliron-li 
 Paris, v^c. 
 
 76. Which are the Small Cirrlrs?—'nu' Small 
 Circles are the Tropics, Iho Polar Ciirles, and 
 the Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 77. What are the T/'oyi/csi'— The Tropics are 
 two circles parallel to the eijuator, al a distance 
 of -2;^" from it. 
 
 78. How are the Tropics distimiaished ?~'\'\w 
 one north of the equator is called the Tropic of 
 Cancer; and iiiat south, the Tropic of Cap- 
 ricorn. 
 
 7i». What are the Polar Circles ?— 'i'he Polar 
 Circles are Iwo smaller circles parallel to tlii! 
 ei|nator, and 2;ii" from the poles ; the one at llie 
 north called tlio Arctic Circle^ and that at the 
 south, called the Antarctic Circle 
 
 LESSO.X XF.-L.VriTL'DE .\XDL()\(ilTUI)K. 
 
 80. Il7i«/ /,5 Latitude ?— Latitude is the distance 
 of any place, north or south from tlie wiuator 
 
 81. How are the Dcijrees of latitude counted? 
 —The Degrees of latitude are counted on the 
 meridian, l)t>giniiing at the eiiuator. 
 
 8-2. Ifnir can north or smilh hililudc !„■ distin- 
 fiuishcd on maps ?—Lu\\l\u\i^ is ;«i/7/) when the 
 degrees are connled in going upwards, hioKing 
 towards the top of llh> niap,and.w»//i when lliey 
 count in looUing towards the hotioin of the 
 map 
 
 8;}. What IS Lonfjiludc ?~-ljcngitude is tin; 
 distance of a plac(; east ur west from tin' (ir>l 
 mei'idwui, 
 
 81. Hoic can east or a:cst luwiHuilc lie disti.n- 
 (juishcd on a hw/)?— Longitude is east when the 
 
6 
 
 /.(.nks-a'm. .,m.mate».-the thheeIThysical, ^in^X^^U];imMruir\Ts7 
 
 d(';;rocs ro'mil towards the right, and west when 
 llii'v coiiiil tr)\vards llio left. 
 
 Li:ss()\ xii.-z()\i:s and (jjmatks. 
 
 «r). )i7,„/ „,.,. /„/»'.s- /—Zones or Belts arc 
 
 divisions iiiadi' on llio I.TivstiNa! i,doh(' iiy lh(; 
 tropics and polar ciirii's. 
 
 Sll. Jfnir inamiZoncH ore /ltrn?-—T\u^iv are live 
 zones: OIK! Torrid; iwo ToaipiM'atc , and two 
 Frijxid. 
 
 87 ir/i/'/v /,s //),' Tiirriii Zoiirz-^Tlui Torrid 
 Zone is ht'lwccii Iho two tropics. 
 
 «H. Wlin-e arc the Tcmpemtc Zu/(r'i'?— Tho 
 Temperate Zones aio compi'ised bolwccii the 
 tropii's and tlic polar circles. 
 
 81). Wlirrc arc the Friijiil Zones ?— The Frigid 
 Zones lie lielween llii; polar circles and the 
 
 Jloll'S. 
 
 iU), Whal is iwant hi/ C/imalr. ^—liy Climate 
 is meant the dilFerenl degrees of heat or cold at 
 the surfaco of lluM-arlh. [o) 
 
 !»l Whir/i Zone is the hottest ?--Thi; Torrid 
 /one is the liottest. iTorrid means i)nrning). 
 
 '.'2. Whnt is said of the Climate of the Fn;ji,l 
 Zones /—'V]u\ cold(;sl Ctiniate is in the lMi"-id 
 Zones 
 
 il:).— Ii/i((/ is sanl of the Climate of the Temper- 
 ate /r)/;r,s?_The Climate of the Temperate 
 Zones is milder and more agreeable than that of 
 the other zones. However, the climate of these 
 zones varies more or less according to the proxi.i- 
 ily of distance from the others. 
 
 l.KSSON XKl—Tllh' I>R()I)L1;TI0.\S()K 
 
 eachzom;. 
 
 '■• I. nhiit ejfeet has the climate of t lie Torrid Zone 
 on the hitnnin race ^--T\w climate of the Torrid 
 Zone renders man weak, langmd, and indolent. 
 
 (.71 This ilcliiiilinii omIv ivCts Io lieal uml roM ihn Cli. 
 
 i'>'" <'y ''ilsD lio consiiliTiM us li.'altlivor uiiliciillliv tirv 
 
 01- I inii|i. WIm'h pliiMs known bv tli.rpiipils imssoss' any 
 III lih-e conditions, tlioy may l)u iiilvanliK'ouiislv cilml us 
 oxiuni'los. 
 
 Ito. What sorts of animals does this Zone pro- 
 (/(/«■?— The animals of (his Zone are nnmerons 
 and generally very ferocions; the serpents and 
 other reptiles are generally very venimons. The 
 birds are very beantifnl. 
 
 OG. What are the Vejrtalde produetinns ?— 'I"he 
 vegetables in the Torrid Zone grow with great 
 Inxuriance. The fruits are delicious and refresh- 
 ing, the flowers beantifnl. 
 
 !)7. Whal is the effect of the climate of the Tem- 
 perate Zones on man ?— In the Temperate Zones 
 man enjoys better iieallh, is more active, hap- 
 pier, and more civilized. 
 
 1>8. What effect does this climate produce „n ani- 
 mals ?— The animals of these Zones are less feio- 
 cions and morn nsefnl. 
 
 90. What is said of vcjetahlrs in the Tnnperatc 
 /o;(M?--The vegetables of these Zones are mon,. 
 nseful, the frnit more snbstantial, and grain for 
 the nse of man and oilier animals more abund- 
 ant, 
 
 100. What effrct has the climate of the l-ri,,id 
 Zones on mankind ?~l\w t:\\nnx\ii of the Frigid 
 Zones renders man. stupid and inactive, and gen- 
 erally imped.-s the growth of his bodvamfthe 
 development of his mind. 
 
 101. Wlial is said of the productions of the Fri,,- 
 id ZomP-These Zones produce a large quan- 
 tity of furry animals; but there is lillle veo,,|,.i. 
 tion. '^ 
 
 LESSON .XIV.-TIIE TIlRKr: PjiYSJCM, oa 
 NATURAL KLN'dDOMS. 
 
 Thk .Vnimai. Kincdom. 
 
 K)-:. Of what does the Animal Kingdom consist? 
 — Tlie Animal Kingdom comprises all livni" 
 creatures on the earth and m the waler.s. 
 
 1 03. What are Carnivorous Animals ;^— Carniv- 
 orous Animals are those that feed niion 
 tlesh; as, 111,, lion, ih,, ijn-,.,.^ i],,, |„,.|,,_ |,|^, ^^.^^jj, 
 the fo.\, i<vc. • 
 
 104. What is meant bj Domestic Animals?— 
 Domestic Animals are those that hve with 
 
THE VEGETABLE KINCnOM.— THE MINEnAF. KINGDOM. 
 
 ii'an ; as, tho horso, tli,- ox, llio a^;s, the shcop, 
 llu' doj,', the cat, &r. 
 
 105. What (ur Birds ?-Birda an- animals 
 winch have wings and feathers. 
 
 lOG. What arc liinh of Prey P-Birds of Prey 
 aiv hiids that live on Ik i or fish ; as, the con- 
 «h'r, Hie viillure, the ca-lo, the owl, .<<c. 
 
 107. Which is the lan/rsl Itinl >—Thi} oslricii 
 'I Ins bird is a native of Africa ; it do.^s not fly, 
 hiiti'uns very qnickly. 
 
 lOS. What are Fishes .'-Fishes am animals 
 tli.U liv(. in the water ; as, the whalo which is the 
 largest of fishes, the dolphin, the shark, the cod, 
 the salmon, thi; porpoise, the wolf-fish, the her- 
 ring, c^c. Some of them are very voracious. 
 
 101). What arc Itepliles ^-Reptiles are creep- 
 mg animals ; as crocodiles, alligators, serpents 
 worms, lizards, &c. 
 
 110. What arc Amphibious Animals ?—Am- 
 phibious Animals are those that live on land 
 and in water ; as, the crocodile, the tortoise, 
 the frog, &c. 
 
 1 1 1. What arc the Insects ?— Insects are small 
 animals without hones, having the hody jointed. 
 
 Lesson XV. 
 
 THE VKtJKTAnLE KIXCJDOM. 
 
 11-2. What is the Vr,/clable Kin/jdom ?~nY [he 
 Vegetable Kingdom is meant all trees and 
 plants. 
 
 1 13. Do alt Trees and Plants grow equally in every 
 country ?~TTeea and Plants do not grow 
 'Miually in all countries ; each country has its 
 own peculiar trees and plants. 
 
 1 11 What docs the most part of Trees and Plants 
 produce ?-'rhe most part of Trees ami Plants 
 proiluco flowers and fruit. 
 
 115. Where do the most beautiful Flowers and 
 rwhest Fruits yrowf- The most beautiful 
 
 Flowers and richest Fruits ginw m ihe 
 Torrid Zone. 
 
 1 K). Whicharetheprineipid Fruilsofhul vrlm/i- 
 ieal countries i*— The principal Fruits ol hnl 
 countries are, oranges, pine-apples, liauanas, niil- 
 iiiegs, figs, olives, &c. 
 
 117. What are the principal Frails of /he Tni- 
 perate Zones f—Thc principal Fruits of I he 
 Temperate Zones are grap(<s, apples, pilars, 
 peaches, plums, melons, cucumlters, i>kc. 
 
 118. What arc the principal Grains of these re- 
 gions ?— The principal Grains of the Temperate 
 Zones arc wheat, oats, harl(>y, corn, rice, &c. 
 
 ll!l. Where are Coffee and Tea produced^— 
 Coffee is produced in Arabia and tho tropical 
 regions of America, and Tea principallv in 
 China and India. 
 
 1-20. Where arc Sugar and Cotton produced ?— 
 Sugar and Cotton are produced principally in 
 tropical countries and in the southern portion of 
 the United States. Beet-root sugar is produced 
 in temperate regions. 
 
 Lesson XVI. 
 THE MLXERAL KLViDOM. 
 
 121. What is meant by the Mineral Kin, plain i 
 By tho Mineral Kingdom is meant lh(> various 
 kinds of stones, metals, and ores which are 
 drawn from the earth. 
 
 lV-2. What arc the principal metals F— Tho priii- 
 ciiial Metals are gold (the most precious of alji, 
 iron (Iho most useful), silver, plalina, merciiiv, 
 copper, tin, lead, &c. 
 
 123. What are Precious Stones ?— Precious 
 Stones are stones which are very sc.irce and 
 brilliant, as, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, eme- 
 ralds, amethysts, &c. 
 
 12i. What is Coal?~Coal is a very useful 
 mineral, and is used for fuel ; from it, gas is made 
 to light our streets and houses. 
 
8 
 
 TiiK Lamiixi; nr Coiummis at San Sm.vai 
 
 Lksson XVII. 
 THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE. 
 
 ClMM-IllSINd N(,I1T}I AND SoiTM AmKKICA. 
 
 1. 'lilt' American Continent was discovcr- 
 P(l Ity CluisloiiliLT Culiiinbiis. He set sail from 
 Palus oil the ;inl, of August, 1 iOe, and on the 
 l-.'lli, of th(> following OctoLer, arrived at one of 
 tlio Bahama isl.nids to which ho gave I In- uaiiie 
 of San Salvador. 
 
 2. America was so iiauKMl afl(>r Anierieiis \es- 
 piicins ; it is often called the New World, on 
 ttccomit of its recent discovery and to distinguish 
 it from the Eastern Continent, or Old World, 
 which was known long hefore IIk; discovery of 
 America. 
 
 3. The aborigines, or original inlialiitanis aie 
 callel Indians. They inhabit the woods and 
 
 1. By wliom wa, llio American Conlincnt (liscovcreij '— 
 From wlial iilacfilid ilolimilms sail r— What laml iliil Ik- 
 lii'sl (liscoviT?— Wliat namo did lio iiivo tlif Island 'f 
 
 2. AClor whom was Ami'rica named ?— Why is it often 
 called tlio Now World ?— Fur what otiier I'easun is it ^o 
 ealli'd ? 
 
 .'! l!y wliat namo arc tlio aborigines of Ami'rica knuwii ? 
 — lluw dii Ihcy subsist ?— Are they iiumeruus l" 
 
 I subsist chielly by llsiiiiig and liuntiiig; ijieir 
 niiniber is rapidly dc.'creasing. 
 
 4. The arts and sciences are making rai)ii! pro- 
 gress ill the Xew World, parliculariy in North 
 America where they are reaching nearly as 
 
 ; high a degree of perfection as in the Old Woild, 
 
 LicssoN xvm. 
 
 EASTERN HEMISPHERE. 
 
 I. The Easti.'rn IK'mispheiM; comprises Ku- 
 rope, Asia, Africa, and part of Oceania. 
 
 a. Eunipr. allhoiigh the smallest, is the most 
 enlightened, industrious, and comparatively, 
 the most populous of the great divisions of tlio 
 Globe. It was peopled by the descendants of 
 Japlu't, the third son of Xoah. 
 
 ;i. Asia is iioti'd for having been the cradle of 
 the human race, and that of the Christian reli- 
 gion. It was peopled by the descendants of 
 Sem, the eld'est son of Noah. 
 4. Africa is thi; residence of the Black Race 
 
 i. Wliat is said uf llie arls and sciences of tliis Cunti- 
 nent y-In what part jiarticnlarly ?_Are iliev nnisl inlej'ii.r 
 to tlio (Jld World ? 
 
Niiirill WIKIIICA.— DOMINION Ol' CANADA. 
 
 9 
 
 II, \v.i> pt'fiplcd liy 111,, chililivii of Cluuii, IId' ful r/(vrv, tlic iiriiiripal of which iiiv : Ihc Mac 
 
 second son 111' Noali ll is csri^cially r( iiiarkahlc ' kcnzic, in Hi,. Ncirlli ; lh(. SI. f.awivnc,., in ij,,. 
 
 I'or 111,, iiilcnsc heat iif ils c/////w/r, ami lii,> jiar- I (.ast, ami Ih,' Mississipiii in llic snuili. lis 
 
 haiisni of tlio givatcr nnnih t ,,( ils inhahilaiils. j lakrs aiv ih,. liii,.si ,,11 ih,. m1,,i, .. 
 
 r>. OrM»w coniiiiis(snnimT,nis islamls in Hi,. ' 1. Greenland and Iceland hi, .11,:; [n \)ru- 
 
 I\D-ili,' Ocean, Hie i,rin,'ii.,il ,,r \v!ii,-li aiv Ihe ■ marl;. TIm's,. coinitrios are (..Mivinelv ,',,1,1 aii,l 
 
 lar,u'"st ol' the y,\i>\\.'. Aiislialia, Ihe lar.^i'si, is 
 now gt.nerally kn,)wn as il, ■ Aiislr.diaii Coii- 
 I in, 'lit, on accoiiiiL ol' ils si/.,.. 
 
 
 A.Ni.M.M.s Hi- \iiMia .\\i;,iiii:,v. 
 
 liicssi.N MX 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 .l/v„, 7,857,191 s,[. in.- /',,/,,. 58,580,011 
 1. North America iM'cnpii's ihe iimih,.in 
 liarl of ll.',; Wesl,.ni ( ;,niliiieiil ; it e.\l,.n,ls from 
 llie rsthnms id' Panama I,) Ih,. Arclic Hi'uions. 
 It is div'u'j-d into several ,'onn!ri,'s : (ir,.(.|ilan,l, 
 Doiniiiion of Canada, rnit,.d Slat,.s, M,..\i,'o, 
 Central Aim'iii'a. an,l Ih,' WesI Iii,li,s. 
 
 '2. Avast itlitiii i'\l,.mh llii'mii;!:. Ih,. c'lilral 
 portion (d'Xorlh .\m,Ti,a from Ih,' .\ivli, •(),■,. an 
 lo till- (inlf of M,'.\i.',i, an,l finm ihe Alle.uhany 
 Mnnnlains, on lh.> /;;.;t, loth,' Hocky .M,mnlaiii.s, 
 on tiie west. 
 
 n. Il is water,.,! l,y a great nninher of heanti 
 
 harr, 11, th .y an. icvi-rlhek'ss iiniiorlanl lishiii;^ 
 slalions. Icelaial is noted for ils line hrcd of 
 siieep.--.t,v,,^ 711(1.0(1(1 s(iiiiin; miles.— ro/zi/A///,,/,. 
 about ■;i,(,(i(). of which (i-ijdhO Im'Ioiiu' to I,-,.- 
 laml. 
 
 •"■'• Alaska 'reiiahi'y h.l,in,L:s lo Ih,. I'nil,.,! 
 Stales, Ihey |iiir,|iase,| it |V,iin Russia. This 
 country is wali'ivil hy ih,. Kwiciipack or Yiicoii, 
 ll"' i''ilil i^ e\,',.ssivr.. .l/7v(, 507,(1(^10 sipi r, 
 mil,'.;, rii/iii/iili ^'^ ."li.liiio. 
 
 Li;s;<,N X\. 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 [Ilrilhh .\iiii fivii.\ 
 
 .1/',/, ;i.o;v,».l()i s,). m. -I'niiiii.ihiN,. :<,7ii,'.il"> 
 
 I. Th,' Dominion of Canada is that part id 
 
 North Anierii'a \vlii,'h lies Ii'Iuvimi tlii. .Virii,' 
 
 Ocean and Ihe Iiiiti',l Stain, . ih,. Allanlic and 
 
 Pacific Ocean. 
 
 i?. It ro(/i/;r/,s<',s' seven pr,>\ iii,',.s, viv. ; (,)ii,.h,.c, 
 Oiitari,), Xova Si'olia, N'(.\v Hrnnswiik, British 
 Coliinibia, Prin,',! Kdwar,l I.-laml, Manit.dia, ;iii,l 
 one Territory, Ih,. .X,irlh \V(.sl. 
 
 ;i. The iiiliiihiltiiils id' Hie Domini, lay ho 
 
 cla.ssilieil as hillows, Fivncli Canadian^ inhahit- 
 ing principally Ihe Proviiic,. of (,)iie!i 'c, Mnglish, 
 Irish, ami a h'w thonsaiid Xe-roi'S and In- 
 dians. 
 
 1. 'Ihe l'"n.ii,-li language is spoken hy the 
 {'"rencli-Canadians and Ihe A,:adians. the Mnglisli 
 langnag,., hy Hi,. oHi,.rs. 
 
 ."). Th,. ,'/er/T/o;,c;// of Canada Isnfnlrnif mnsli- 
 iiiiii'ii. The l-"e,l,'ra! Parliami'iit is comiiosed of 
 111,, (ion riKir-linirriil, a I'riri/ OntnciL a Si luih: 
 and a llmisp of Coinnioiis. 
 
 0. Kacji Province has a Local Gover.imenl, 
 
10 
 
 pnoviNCK or ouiinEc. 
 
 Falls of Njaraha 
 
 i'oiii|M..-c.l I'i n lj,iiha"ii/-Gorcnioi\ :\\\ K.rmitin 
 
 j CtiHiin'l, aiKl ;i Iji/ishif/rr Assotihli/. 
 
 i 7. About ;i iiiillioii ,111,1 ;i li.'ill'or ii,|, |,,||,,|,il- 
 
 ; .-iiils prolVss Ih,' R,i:u.iii Cillu.lic rrliyioii. Ilic 
 
 : oIliiTs li.'ldiij lo diU'civnl Protcsl.'iiit, scrls. 
 
 .S. Kihtciiliiui is iiol iiifiTior hi iliai ,i|' ;i|,v 
 "lliiT coinilry in llii> wnrld ; ;i jr,.|,,.,( hiiiiiImt oI' 
 cilucalioiial I'slahlislnncnls. liolli ivligjons and 
 secular. \,nik with a /(\-i! wordiy of praiso. 
 
 1). Tli(> xur/iirr of iIk' Dominion is very jiic 
 tnresijne ami inlereslin,-,'. Two diains of nidnnl- 
 ains of nioderale elevalion exiend aion.i,' lln' 
 valley of lli(> Si. Lftwrence. 'I'he I'l'ovinee of 
 Ontario conlains the ;i,iosl l(il;rs in IlKMvorld : 
 lliey discliari;e llii'ir w'ahM's iido llie Allanlic 
 lliroMuh till' niaji'slic SI. Lawr(Mice. 
 
 Id. Most, of ils y7iv'/-.\' are riMidered intercstin.u' 
 |i.\ their falls, ain(niL: whii'h may ho particniai'ly 
 remarked tile Falls of Niagara, one of lhe;,Mval 
 e:.| m.'ii'vels of natnre. 
 
 Slates. It IS the most launmereial conntry of 
 Ameriea. Numennis railroads and .-anals wliicii 
 '■"" tliron-li various i.arts i,[ the eoiintry, are 
 favorahle to its .■omnieire, Tr/n,raj,/, linrl'ron. 
 '"■'•' ""' ilill'crenl iV.ivinres of th<! Dominion, 
 aiid inessa-es are sen! to forei-n places. 
 
 l;i. '>//'/"v,, capital of the Dominion, is hean 
 I'iMlly situated on the ri-hl hank of the Ottawa 
 Hiver; it is makin- rapid proijress since if was 
 HiosiMi as the s.'at, of Parliament. Th,. Chan 
 'li'Te Fall.s, n.'ar th.. city, are verv remakahie, 
 ■■iiid alli'act many tourists. 
 
 lilCSSON X\[ 
 
 PROVINCE OP QUEBEC. 
 
 Arm. I !):!,;!,■):) si| \u - -Po/iulaiimi, i, I ill, Coo, 
 r. The I'rovimv.dgnehe,. is silii.ited on hoUi 
 sid.'s of the St. I,awrence from the I>rovinco of 
 Ontario to the Atlanti.'. Its scenerv is verv pic 
 
 I I. The /iriidiiris of the Dominion in most pari 
 I ;:ri.v from a-ricn!lnre and the llsheri.'s. whi.'h I Klianies. ni Ihe soulh.^are the pnncimhno 
 ! are ilie most [.roilnctive in the world. Mini's of ran-vs. 
 
 Inres(|iii>. 
 •:. Thel.anrentidcs. j,, Ih,; north, and the All(> 
 
 iinlain 
 
 ;;ii!il. copp; !■. coal. pi'Irolenm s[irin;^s. etc. also 
 ;d.ii)iMid. 
 
 I'J. Iii-l iisii-ij and I'ujiiiiinrr arc? vei'y prosper- 
 on:^, iirincipally of late yi-ars. After llie United 
 
 :i. TIk' rliiwilr is severe in winter, j)ni. in 
 >nmineraml aulumn. very agreaMe, and salu 
 lirions at all times. 
 
 -i. Tile largest r/rcr is tlu> St. Lawrence, one 
 
 •y 
 
PIlOVlNCi; 01 (iNTAniO. 
 
 11 
 
 Mo.NHlliAL. 
 
 ol llie liu,.si ,11 ih,, world ; i| tr,iv,.rs(>s Ih,; Pro. 
 viiic.M-.i Mil its l,.ii-lli ; ils i.nnriiMl ;ifll,i,.,its on 
 l'i"iiorlli ;iiv Ih,. ()||,,\va. 111,. SI, .Maiiri,v au-l 
 llii'Sao|„.|,;;y (viii.'ji n.niis F.ak,. St Joim, n,,. 
 l.'ii'gcst laki. ill 111,. |',,,vin,v; thov oil th,. south 
 .•ire, Ih,^ Ili,'li,.|iL.|i, St. |',aii-i:: ih- (;iiaii,li,-.|v. 
 .■iml sevonil others. 
 
 .") Five-sixths of llv. 'iihahihinls aiv Fivin'h (]:,. 
 iiadians, Ih,. reiuaiiuhT aio Irish, Kn-lish, 
 Scotch, aiul a l',.\v Ihonsaml Indians 
 
 Tlio-r,.al majority of ih,. iM.pnlaiion j,,.,, 
 less the Catholi,' nlujion. 
 
 7 Th,.> suil is very lertil,., iirodiwin..;- wlu^at 
 «-orn, oals, harl,.y, et,>. Pears, apph.s, plniiis 
 and cherries are pro.luced in giv.at abniulance in 
 Iho district of Montival The foivsts aiv filli'd 
 with maiilo-troes from which sni:ai i-; mail,, m 
 largo quantities. 
 
 8 InduRtnj mCi commnrr ar,. ilevidoped with 
 groat activity, particnlarly, in Montreal which 
 rivals some ol (he large cities of the United States. 
 
 (^'"7w, iH.iuilatir)u,.V,).GO;), isthe capiijil. It 
 IS built on Cape Diamond aii,l overlooks tlieRiv,.r 
 and sunonudiiig country.— .Vo/,/rw/, population 
 Ii0,0l)l), is th,. Iarg,.sl city in the Dominion an,! 
 nie emporium ot comim.ri'e.— 77ure IVwer^^ p,ip., 
 1,-ilO-Lccis, pop, 0,(il»l —Sorvl, pop., 5,(i;!(;._St! 
 •lohns and Sherbrooko are flourishing towns. 
 
 Lkssun XXII. 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, 
 
 7SI) ^ 
 
 ;(1. 111.- l'njii(/,,/rnii, l,r,-;ii,'.i(iii 
 
 1 'I'lie Pr,)viii,'e of Ontario is situated west 
 ofguebe,' and north of the I'liit,.,! Stati.s, It 
 forms a triaiignla!' peninsula, jiartly bound,',! by 
 'be (Ireat Lakes ; its s ■rfurr is nuilnlaliiig 
 
 •2 Peiiig farther south lli.iii Qii,'!),',', its r/i- 
 iiKilr IS milder. 
 
 3. The priiici|ial rivn:s are the St l.awr.'iiiv, 
 Ibe Ottawa, the Grand, and the ThaiiM'S 
 
 4 fjikcs Superior, Huron, Krie, and Ontario, 
 with th,. St. Lawivnce, form'th,. largi.st body of 
 ficsh water on th,. globe. Thes,. lakes are espe- 
 cially ivinarkable for th,; linipi,Iiiess of their 
 waters and for the temp,.sls to which llii,.y are 
 subject. Between Lakes L'rie aii,l Ontario are 
 the famous Falls ot Niagara. 
 ^ ."). Its population is coinposi'd of Irish, Scotidi, 
 French Canadians and a IV'w thonsand Indians 
 (l The Proti'stant rrlif/inn iMvvails ; on,. -sixth 
 of the population areCatholii's, The Knglish/««- 
 f/iiiiiir IS generally sjioken. 
 
 7. Th,. ,s7,/7 is g,.iierally ferlile and [irodnce* 
 nearly th,. same staple as the Province of Que- 
 bec. Copper, iM'trolenin and lumber are abund- 
 ant. 
 
12 
 
 N(i\A siioriA. --m:w i;iii nswick. 
 
 Niagara Susphnsiox BruxjS. 
 
 S. Tlic articles of rnnimcrcc arc, lmiilii>r, 
 grain, iloiir, potasli, ami iictnilfuiii. Tlicsc aiv 
 (•xportod ill <;icat iiiianlitit's lo |- lulaiid and tli(> 
 I'liiU'd Slates. 
 
 !). Toroiilo. iioiuilaliiiii. :.i;.(l|)-2. is iliccaiiilal of 
 Hie rmviiicc. Il is a very lloiiiisliiiii: citv 
 siluat"il on a hcanlil'iii iiay oC |,aUi. Oniaij.i. li'. 
 Iiarlior is sal'i.' and cajialili' of coiilaininu a 
 I larg.Muunlior of vessels, nesidesllii' e ;,il;il li.vre 
 1 are many iirosperous (owns ; llie iiianeipal are ; 
 Il'iiuillnii, iiop. i:(l,7l(; ; Ollaira, luip. -Jl.:)'!.". ; /,,„( 
 (lull. \)i)\>. I.VH-JC; KiiHixInii. im],. |;'.'((l7, 
 
 Lksson XX ill. 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 Ami. -JljTiiO s((. m. — Po/iiil,ili'>ii. ;!;<7.S(|||. 
 
 1 Nova Scotia, forniei'lyciUid .\eadia. is a 
 [leninsnla silnated sonlli of tjie (lidf of St. 
 liUwrenco ; it is divided into 18 eonnlies, incliid- 
 inj; 4 of Cape iJroton Island. It is coiinoeted wilii 
 N(!\v Rrnnswick by tlio Clue,u:nocto Istlnnns. 
 
 ■2. The eoasl of this i^'ovince is indented wilii 
 many harbors wliieli aro very favorable lo navi- 
 gution. It has no considerable ricrrs. 
 
 3. The f//m((/^> is not so cold as that of thi' 
 Province of (^neb(>c. 
 
 4. The jwpulalion is composed of Irish, Scolcli, 
 Knglish, and Acadians. descendanis of llie first 
 Frencii settlers. Tli(> Protestant rcll;;!'!!! is pro- 
 
 i il .-sed by tlie three-fonrllis of tlie population and 
 j the Catholic vdlijioii by liie remaind, r. 
 
 5. Tile pi'incipal prodncls are tjmse arising 
 I'roni tlie L;(ild and Ibe coal nniics. Tiie most 
 prodihiivi' of llie jailer ;iiv tho>e of I'icton, 
 and Sydney in Capi' liivlnn. in llie norlii-west, 
 ,i;real all 'n!ion is [laid lo the cnllivation of frnil 
 trees, and (in acconnl of llie run orchards, Ibis 
 piiriiiiii is cillrd ■• 'I'll,' (l.irdiii of Nova Scotia." 
 
 Ci. 'I'll.' rliirf products are lliose of agrirnllniv, 
 llie li>liiMies. uold and coal nuiies, sbiii-bnild- 
 iiii:. \c. 'i'lie expiirls are lisb, co;il, gold, gyji- 
 sniii. jiolaloes, v<vc. The iniporls are llonr, 
 liiinoi's, silk, wool, collon, and oilier \v;ii'(>s. 
 
 7. Ifiilifii.r. po]inlalion •,".!.. ')S-,\ is Ibe capital; ils 
 harbor is one of ibe linesl in llie world. It is 
 llic chief naval slation of (ireat Urilaiii in Amer- 
 ica, and Ihe /rnniiiiis of Ibe Inlerciplonial Iiail- 
 I'oad. YannMiilh ainl {'ii'loii are iinporlanl 
 towns. 
 
 Li:sso\ XXIV. 
 NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 .bv7/, ■27,'iOO sq. m.—l'upiil(iii„n, 58r>,.V.)i. 
 
 I. New Brunswick lies sonlh-i'ast of the 
 
 I'rovinci; ofgiad and is coiiuecled with Nova 
 
 Scolia iiy Ihe Chii'-necio Islhmus ; it forms a 
 rectangle about ■:;!!) miles long and I'.K) miles 
 wide. Il ir- divided inio (ilieeii eonnlies. 
 
 '2. TIm Siirfarr is generally undnlaliug. 'I'lie 
 ! loftiest nionutains are scarcely i,!!!)!! feet high ; 
 I tb"y an.' situated in Ihe north-east. 
 
J'lMNCi: l;iiU villi IMAMi, 
 
 13 
 
 Hmmiiiai 
 
 ;i. lis vlimafr is not so rolij ..s Ihal ,,r H,,. |>,o. 
 viiiri> or(^iicl)(>('. 
 
 4. The St. ,[,,1,11 is its principal rim; il crosses 
 lli«; I'n.viiir.. IVom north to soiilii, and is iiav- 
 if^.'ii.l., as Tar as l'V.Hl..ricton. At lli.. distaiMv 
 <J| 2;>,) niilrs IVoiu itsnionlli, ii fomis a Imaiilirnl 
 !"'i'!i«'i.(li,MiIarlallorHOre..| liinh. ], |l„ws iiilo 
 till' l|;iy of Fnndy, near thi« city ofSt. Jolni. 
 
 •"■>. Tlic poimlalioii is conipost'd nearly lijic thai 
 of Nova Scotia. The r.ish aro the 'niosl ,ni- 
 incroiis. (hir-ll,inl nl- tilt, population aiv Monian 
 (lathohcs. 
 
 (i. Tlic imiilw/s aro liiosii arisiiit,' fiKin a.qi- 
 '•idtniv, and iVoni the forest. Potatoes aiv".^- 
 ' 'iisiveiy cultivated. 
 
 T. hchisir;/ is lilth; devidop^.d, hut (hmiestic, 
 .■"id foreign commrrcr is activcdy carried on. 
 
 H. Firderict on, iiopiilatioii 0,000, is the capital 
 it is agiveal)ly situated on the right bank of the 
 River St. John— .S/. Jo/t/i, population including 
 Portland, 41,000, is tlio most important citv of 
 the l>roviiice -UoiiclonaiulChnthnin an; lloiirish- 
 iiiLj towns. 
 
 Lesson XXV. 
 
 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 
 
 Area, 2, I3i sij. m.—jwjndation, t1i,02l. 
 . 1. Prince Edward Island is the smallest 
 
 I I'Ovince ,11 the Dominion, hnl proportiouallv 
 
 the most populous. It is situated in Ihetlnjfof 
 
 St. Lawrence, uorti, of Xova Scotia. IVom wiiich 
 
 d. IS separated hy ll,e Strait of Xorthumheiland. 
 
 - I lie coast is in.l.Mited with nimiei'ons havs 
 
 II"' pnucipal of which aiv Hillshon,,,^!, and 
 
 ""''"'"""•• ''''"'S'' peiietiale the fslaii-l from 
 
 "l'P"-il"'/'V'r//,„,, and divide it into three hcnin- 
 snlas. 
 
 Ai;nii:i 
 
14 
 
 MAMI'dlU. I1I;I!ISII cull VirilA. 
 
 • '. Till' cliiinilr is lull,]/. I' M>in lli,. ;|il juinillir 
 l'io\ iiiii':. : llii' aliiiitsi>luv- , ' tViiiii rnv;s 
 
 M'.iil is M'ly IumIiIiv. 
 
 \. 'I'lii' /■.■(//i/////(/,'(/.s' coii^isl ni'Scntrli, Irihli, A'M- 
 ili.ins, .111(1 I'lii-ii-li si'lllns. Koiiiaii (i.illiulics 
 ('i)!l:!liUltc li.iir 111.' |ii)iiiil;il.ii)ii, I'rdtcsliillls llli' 
 Mtlii'i' li:iir. 
 
 .'). 'I'll!' //,■/ '(t ■/:< ;ii'i' cliii'lly ;iL;rirulliir;il. 
 
 t'l. Us nr'c.'cvi'oiisisls ill raniiiinr, li shiny, ami 
 
 sIlilllllliMill .. 'I'lll' C.OIllllKMTl' CUIlsisi. ill llll! 
 
 oxiiorlaliiiii of III,' iiriidiii'lsor llic [slaii.l, ami tli- 
 iiiipni'ia'Hm oriii.'icliamlisi' ami utiii'rarlicl.'s iil' 
 iloiiii'sl; ■ u;;('. 
 
 7, C/nirliiili'tiiirii. iioiiiilatioii 7,")0(), is Ilii; capi- 
 lal ; ills iiuilt mi a sli;,'lil clcvalioii near liills- 
 liiirmiL'li Hi\( r. 
 
 l-i:ssoN WVI, 
 
 ilOYl' OE OF MANITOBA. 
 
 \rrii , l;!.:)ili -.|,ill.—/'.7(((/(///()/), 23,(100. 
 
 I. Manitot.k is so called li'uiii llii« lak(> of llic 
 saiiii' ' um' wliidi is parlly in this I'rovinci'. [| 
 is sitiiuh'd on llic lird lUvcr, wlicnci' il was 
 
 ralliil Ui'tl Uiv'TKclllciiii'iit wliicli nanii' il liorc 
 uiilil tSTO, \vW ' il li;'caim' a l'in\ iiici' of llii' 
 Ddiiiiiiioii. 
 
 ■.'. 'I'liii siii'laiw is level and I'oveieil uilji 
 praiiie land wliicli i; iliversilied Willi some 
 ,1,'roiips of li'oos. 
 
 '■',. '\'\\rrliiiKitf is \ery si'Vere ill winli'i', ami llie 
 
 I 'inp.'ra; II'.' very (!liaiij;('alile. 
 
 'i. fi i ■ d/aiiied liy tile lied lli\ er, lln- .\s>ini- 
 lioiiie. and ilie Saskali'iicsvan. In the iiorlli il 
 is wail red liy l.li(\ 'jouLiierii exlreniities of Lakes 
 Manilolia and Winiii[);>f.'. 
 
 ."). 'l\\c j)(ij)lt/itliiiii \:. I'oinposed id' Metis, l^elier- 
 
 aliy speakin.u 111' I'n neli laii'/iiaui'. 'i'lu' nia- 
 jiirily iii'ot'ess III: (laLliolie /', lijioii. 
 
 (1. 'i'lie a,v'ri''iiltin'al caiialnlilies of the sni! 
 cannol he siirpa,-sed for several productions. 
 
 7. H //(;//;)' (/.iiopiil.e ion o.OOO, is the capilal. 
 
 II is sifnaied at till' iiinclion of llu- .\ssiiiilinine 
 and lied Hi-, r. It i.Mlie eoiimiercial inetropuli/. 
 of coniim'rce of ;ii'' N'or:.!i Wesi. — St. Honifaci', 
 on Ihe opposili' li.iiik of Ui • Hed Iliver. is lli ■ Ai - 
 cliieiiiseopal St.'c. 
 
 St. Bu.Mi'AcK. 
 
 Caledonia, is situated at the western extreniily 
 of th;; noiiiinioii, helwee'ii the Ilocky Moiiiitains 
 .iiid the Pacific Ocean. Vancouver Island al tic 
 Ar.it . ?13,5l)n s([.ni.— /'e///(/«(//e;/, .■■in! '1,('"0. i -onlh-wesl, forms pari uf the Province. 
 
 1. British Columbia: formerly <\A[r.:\ Mi w ' -. Ti; ; ["rovinct; is verv momilainoiis : fli" 
 
 LB880N XXV II. 
 
 BRITISH OOI.UMBTA 
 

 Ndliril Wi ,r TI'llllllCiIlV— .\fe\Vlt(IMi(.,\M.. 
 
 15 
 
 Sm'I::,;;::^;';,;;:';:!:;, '■>■ - \ ,-n„. „„. „„,,, ,„„^,„, , 
 
 I'llniN, III,. r(,l,| IS lint si) int,.|is,. ;is in 111,. uIIimi' ' 
 
 '■'• 'i'liis Ti'iTilory liridii-s i,, ih,. | ,,11 .ii I 
 
 siiir,. iHTii. I, is,y„v..r 1 \n i|,,.,iiil|.,,iili..> 
 
 M.iiiitolia. 
 
 ~. I''iifiy .iiiii; lis ,ir, \i.|\ 
 
 I, ^ , . 'tiller \\ hum ;iiv 111,. |.;^,,||i,,. Ill 
 
 rn.vni,,.s of 111,. I),„ i„,,, ^vi„[,,, j, ,,„„ - '-imiu.M, 
 
 I I'''"'''''lV''Iy.-ln)rl,.rllMll ih;,! nf;,iiv,,lli,.r,',Mllllrv 
 
 ; 111 111" saai.' l.iiitn,],.. 
 
 I ■■< Tlio Cciimihia, III,, l.,.,,.,.,, ;,,„i ji, ,.|,i,,|- 
 
 ; ''-'■"•ll. lli.'TI„,i.ii,s,.:,.;in. Ill,, principal r/Vo'.s'. 
 
 I •> rjic jiii/niluhnii cdiisisls (jf all,, III ,s IMIII 
 Wliil(.s, I.CdOCIiii,,.;-.,., :,()0 .Nc-ro,.,. and ,-.l).(M)U 
 Jihliaus T!i;. Calliolii- rrli./i.,,! prevails. 
 
 <• Til,. (;,)!,! Miii,.s,,ni,is r,.Mini, an. wrv pr,,. 
 iliii'liv,. A-ri.'ullural piiisiiils an, I liiml.'.riii- 
 i::v Ih.. pri:i,-],:il ivsounvs of ih,. I'r,ivini.|.. 
 
 ' yidnrid. ]>i>im\;\lum '(..Vill. js lli,. ,',ii,i|,il. |t, 
 '■' '^''"■■''''il .■:!. liic s,.ulii.Tii jiarl ,if Vaihamvcr 
 W.aihl llscu. in.iisan. rcniarkahly l„.aiiliriil.- 
 AV/c U'isliiiii:.'i/rr is Ih,. ii,..\l in iiiii.oi'lanc,.. il is 
 t^:liiaic<l ,m Ih,. norlh slioi',. of ih,. |."r.,s,.r [{ivcr. 
 
 S.> miles fiMHi Vi,.|,,ria : il; sil • i,, liia-iiill,. .nl" 
 ;iiiil il:i cl.'.'i :/■■ iii,',mip,iral,|,.. 
 
 l-i:.'>'..N XWIIi. 
 
 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Ann, x'.'t:,ll,(i(l(l.-.,|, i,i. /',,,., ,.,!„, I, I ,-,,,,,111,1 
 
 !• 'rii.'North-\Vc3t Territory is a vasi ir,:,i 
 "I'i'OMiitry lyiii- 111 Ih,. n,,rlli ,,r ih,. |'t,,niiiii„n 
 ol'(;aiia,la,aii,l |..\l,'ii,liii- h> ih,. Aivli,' l{,.-i,,n/. 
 
 2. Tlusciiinilry ha- iH) ivinailial,li.|iii,iinlaiiis : 
 Imt iL comilaiiis many fiii,. laiu'S, Ih,. I'liief ,,f 
 whieh arc (in.al Sl.iw, Civ/il Ii,.ai'. Alhahaska. 
 Wmiiipi..,'. and Maniloha. 
 
 !. 'riic rlimalr is (..vlrcnK.lv 
 
 iiMiii,.| s,aii,l Ih' 
 
 iivei's and ialvi's ahoiiii,! wilh ...vcclhiil llsli, 
 
 r.i;ssi.N xxix. 
 THE ISLAND OP NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 ''■''. '•-•'"'I S:|, 111 , ,/,,/,-,,. |;i()J)|||). 
 
 !• Till. Island of Newfoundland is siinai, d 
 
 1" iin.(liiir,,rsi Lawivii •,.. lis coasl isind 1 
 
 wilh a ,i.'ri.al many liays. 
 
 ■I 'I'll,, rliiiiitlr is iiul s,, M|,| rL li, rhan.^rs as 
 I'lil "I' Ih- rnnlinenlal pr.,vinc..s ; it i- a'iilli,- 
 moi,.|, lint saln],ri,)iis. 
 
 :i. 'I'll,, hihrs ar,.rsliiiial,.,l ,,-,,v,'r ,ai,'-l'Mrd ,.l 
 Ih,. islaii'l ; Ih,. rlrrrs are 11, n ,()iisi,li'r,ihl... 
 
 i. '111.' J, ,j„ibit!nn isroiiipo> il.in-iv/il pail.,, I 
 Iii.di.— lis <.'ov(.nimi.iit is si :nl,ir lu ihai o| 
 (:;in;id:i. I' nhJirr. eonslil.nl,. ivi'-m\I|i> nl' ih,. 
 p,)pul;ili()ii. 
 
 •'). Tli,..i;Mliiyoi' lh,..s',// in I •inl..ri,,r. is 1,111 
 liitli' kn.e.vii : j„,l,alnes ;in. of ;, ,.\n.|l(.|il Mml. 
 
 Coal, .uypsiim. r.)[,pei., silver. le;i,l. iron. «ii,l 
 Mihi.r mill, .nils are ;iliuiidaiil. 
 
 tl. Th,. /^n;/,.s- i,!' N(.\vfoinidlai ;in' \,.ry n^ 
 ni.irkahle. .and e;iiiii,,| h;. siirii.as^- I f,,r lisliin-, 
 es|)eei;illy for cud. 
 
 7. Xewfijiiiiill.iiiil islheiinU \\v, ,|| ,-,,li,iiv 
 
 ... """"""" iscMivineiv nilil , Mill Is I, |i|,,i<|.|l - V ,1 , ■ , , ,.',,»ii, 
 
 h)allenllivalion.ex,.ep| ihe weslern pari , .ll..,l ' :)'" ' ■^.'":'''"-'' , "''■'^ ''''^ '■"lns,.l „ ,.iii,.r 
 
 the Vrairi,.. whhli. hei,,^ niUde... ea,; 1,.. ea' 1 \ 'TTr "' *"""'^- 
 
 cnltiv.aled. The „lli,.r parls ,.n. „s,.rnl onlv fnV ' ,■ ,", ,' ' ', ' '^ "'" '''"'' '' ''"" ''''■""■■"'■^• 
 
 lishi.iiran,! lMM,i,„.v ' "" ! "I I'"" Inii'sallan tie Cahl,.. 
 
 lishing ami hnnlinj: 
 
 '1. Th.. prill, 'ipal rivrs ,iiv ih,. Mack..nzi.. an.l 
 MS inhulari,.s. Ih,. X..lsoii. Ih,; S,tskaleli..\v;in. 
 ■ii.'l n;anv olli.'rs 
 
 '■I SI. Jnluu li,,piil,ili,,n •J-,',OliO, is -h,. .■,-!|iii:i| 
 il is silnaleil ,il, lh.« ..;isl, on Av;iloii 'eiiinswl,!, 
 lis harbor is sh..lt..n..l hy Iwo nion i.iiii:,. ;iii,| 
 h,is a very .lilii.iill, ..iilrv. 
 
rv^.'i- 
 
 16 
 
 UNITED STATICS. 
 
 'rilK CU'ITOL. 
 
 Li:ss(iN \XX. 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Arm. :i.()i(i.iiiio si|. iii. --/'(i/)., ;w,:..'r.Mino. 
 
 I. 'I'lii' United States coiiiiirisi! thai pari of 
 Norlli Ami'iica lioiiiulcd liy Doiiiiiiiou of Ca- 
 nada, on lli(> iiorlh. and Mexico, on Uicsontli, llu- 
 Allantic. on llio casl, and llic Pacific, on llic west.- 
 
 x'. Al Ihc Dcclaralion of Indcj.ciid.sncc, in 177(1 
 tlic nniidxT of Slalcs was tiiirlccn ; tlicy now 
 nnnihcr lliirl y-scven, cIcvcmi Territories, and one 
 Federal Dislrict. 
 
 :i Tlie liiitiiilr is varia!il(\ fn the noilli, il is 
 'vry warm in siunnier and very cold in wiiilri'; 
 i:i lhi> iniddli>, leni]ieral(>. 
 
 i. Helweeii the Aile,t;hany .iiid liie Si, rr,i 
 Ma(h'e I{an','(>s How liie Mississip[ii and Missonri 
 rirrrs from north to sonlU. The former has 
 many hran(dies, tiu> iirincipal of whiidi are : the 
 Arkansas, the Ohio, Ijie Kansas, and tiie Yellow 
 Slone, 
 
 •-). Four id' the -real Canadian lukrs form pari 
 of lh(> hoiMidary helween llii' States and Canada. 
 Lake Miidii-an lies enlirelv in (lie Slali's. 
 
 ('). Till' pnjiiiliilmii of iho United Slates is com 
 posed of ilill'erenl races, each Jiavlnj,' its chnrader, 
 its aptitudes, its lanf,Miagc, and its r(di;,doii. 
 
 7. The Protestant rciiyion, devided iniM several 
 sects, is the most nnmorons. 
 
 f<. Th'iEnj;lisli/r(/(,<y)m.7r>isgenerally spok '11. 
 
 i). The (jovcrnmrnl of the Unih'd Slates is a 
 iM'deral Re[)nhlic, of wliiidi Iho chief olHcer i.^ 
 called Ihe I'rrsiilrnl. Kacdi Stale lias ils own 
 local .government. 
 
 111. Iniluslnj is , .m .vised in all hiMnclcs ol 
 Irades and arls. 
 
 1 1. Othiwrcr is as considerahlo as that of any 
 of Ihe connnercial conntrios of I'hirope, except 
 Knuland. The nnmerniis raih ds and canals, 
 which ar^' spread over Ihe I'liion, allord -re.il' 
 facililies In commerce. 
 
 I;', 'i'he /)/v),/((c/.s' are nuimn'ons and valnahle 
 The (diiof minerals are gold, silver, (jnicksilvcr, ' 
 iron, coal, copper, lead, lime, gypsnm, and sail! j 
 \\\ kinds of fruits and cereals are raised : 
 Oranges, pine-apples, hananas, apples, [);>ars, eic.; I 
 wheal, corn, collon, sugar, etc. I 
 
 l:i. UW.s7i///,r//i);(, population inO,-.}!)!), islhec.ipi | 
 
MKXICO.— CKNTnAf. AMKIUCA. 
 
 17 
 
 l^'l. It IS a wvll 1,1, ilL .•iiy sUuatud on tho Polo- 
 '"■■"• ; lis ],niicii,al oriHuncni is tli,. rapitol. 
 I i_ Nar York, population !)i:i,(IOO, is tiu! lar-csl 
 
 '•"y 111 AniiTica, and ,,,1.. „r iIk- mosl conimeirial 
 
 nlics lu lh.>\v.)rld.-M//a(/r/y;/uV7, G7i,000. Then. 
 
 '"v al,out tuvlvo „ili,,. ,ili..s whos,. poimlatiuu 
 
 IS luorc" iliau Iu0,0()0. 
 
 Lesson XXXI 
 MEXICO. 
 
 ■Im,, C0H,(li)()s,i.ui._/V,9j 7(5^000, 
 I- Mexico lies soulli of tin. Unitod 
 ^'.■d,.s, JM.luv.Mi 111,, (iulfof M,,vi,,,a.id 
 
 J M.'xi.'o is trav,Ts,.d l,y th,> sirrra 
 Madre (Moll,,.,. Ra,,.,,, ,,.,,i,,, ,.,,,,,,^ .^ 
 
 I'lutcan so I,.v,.i a,„l ,..M,.„siv,. Ihat a 
 \vh,vl-,;;n,.i;,.„ ,,,„ , ,.^.^,,_ .^j^^_ .^ 
 
 Willi,,,, I ,,l,sla,.i,.. r,„. 11(10 ,„il,,s. 
 
 •'• ^''''^^' ' '''"'I'la a,i,| ||„. Ciiv of i^ja-- 
 
 M'vxK'o a,v il„. rnlr,u,nr, l'oj„„,u,:,„,,! 15^^ 
 ■•'■"1 rsla,vil,„;,l,. Til,. ro,.,n,, i, „;,,,,,. --=^ 
 lii.iii 17,0110 IV.'t hi-Ii. 
 
 '»■ lis dimalc is i,ot a,i,l „„l„.,,lH,y on ti„. 
 
 '■'Msla„,l|,,,ui„MMt,. i„il„.ol,.vat,.dri-ions 
 
 ■'■ lis pnpnlalion is coinposi.d of tli.. d,.s- 
 'viidanlsofSpanianls (.•all,.,l ,;vo/rsi, Nt-m.s 
 Indians, aii,l M,.stizos. '•o'oc., 
 
 (i. lis 7o,vY//;/K„/ is U,.p„l,|i,.,,n. Tho Minion 
 lionrmCalholi,. This,.on,.„.y fo^uiTlylwC;: 
 '■'11" Spain; lmll„.,.a,n,, „„i,.p,,,„,,,„t ,„ ,j^,,, ^^ 
 isiiiannns,.tl!i.d,.o,„liii, vf.,' sin,v 
 
 -. I'^ /^'■'"/"/•'■v .■.n; wl„.al, harh.y, oats, in il„. 
 t"mi.i.n.(,.n-,o„s; lropi,.al r,.„i,s a,v p,.od,UT,l 
 
 111 111.- iMt .■.■-■l,)I,s. 
 
 H In^lusfn; ai„l Counnnrr a,v paralyz,.,! l,v 
 
 •'"'uriy,i„.,j,andag,.,a,i,l also l,y want of n.,.ili. 
 Ill's ol fo,,i,,inni(.aiio,i. 
 
 '■'• •'/'■.'■'•'■", popnlalio,, Jo.-.^iKjo, ,|„, , i,,,, j^ 
 
 silual,;d ,i,.a,. f.ak,. T,...,„.o, o„ an ..I,.valio,; „f 
 
 LussoN XXX If, 
 CENTRAL AMERICA. 
 
 •<'"^ ;.'l;},oi)o sij III.— yV"/«//o«, -.>,(;;) I, :,(),) 
 
 I- Central America roii„,.,ts tli,. two Am,.,-,. 
 
 ' ■'" Co!iliii,.,its. it ,s sitnaU.d bctwoon M,..xi,„ 
 
 and til,. Isthmus of Panama. TIk- Sierra Ma,l,v 
 
 ti'av,..rsL.s It from 0110 extremity to th,. oilier 
 
 SuGAii Cam-; 
 2. Tho States compris,.,! in this ,„„„i,v a,v 
 'vo viz : nuafrmalu, San Salvador, ll.niluras 
 N'caragua, and Costa Rica. They f,,,.,. iu,l,.p,.„: 
 'l""t r./;uW,V,s. havi,..r a n.ilitarv for,,, ofpn'.,-,, 
 >'i'""f- nrUhh Honduras, or Baliz,., l„.|on..-. ,,. 
 (•real Rritain. 
 
 •' ;''1^"«™ Ma,l,.,. lrav,.,.s,.s 11 n„,n , 
 
 tnMndytolh,.otI„.,.. It has a va,.i,.ty ,,• .//.„„,,, 
 •*• Ilio Hiv. San Juan, noiil, of c.sia Hi,", 
 
 '■oun.jts Lake Nicarajrna with ll„.Ca,al,l„.a„S,.a' 
 J. 1w,..|hu.ds of the /.,;,././/.. a,.e r„,lia„s 
 
 ami Metis ; the rest are WlHt,.s au,l X ,,,„, 
 
 Ihe religion is Roman Callioiie. 
 
 G.Tlie products are the sani,. as il„,s,. „r 
 Mexieo, Malio-any an,l lofrwo,,,! aiv lain,.],- ,.v 
 
 P">;l."l. Til,. Fsll„nusof|.a„a,„ais,.,.oss;dl,va 
 ';'"''"■'"' ''•"'" Aspmwall I,) I'auania. Tl„s ,s 
 
 tlie fji'eat tiioronghfar,. for A.nei.ean' rru, 
 het\vee,i tli,> Atlantic an,! I 
 
 incrri' 
 
 ■iflr Ol 
 
 I eaiis 
 
18 
 
 WEST INDIES.— SOI'TII AMKItlCA. 
 
 7. Nrir (nniiniHilii, ii(»iiiil;itioii 40,0(10, ih'ar tin' 
 I'acili.' ciMsi, is llii' cijiiial and llio most iiiiiiorl- 
 •■iiil i'il\ (if (iii.ilciiiala. Il was fri.Njiiciilly dc- 
 stroyiMl |i\ carllKjiiakcs.— Till' otlicr cilics arc : 
 Sail .l,,sr, ciiiilal (d'CdsIa Uica. iiopiilalioii iiO.dOO; 
 .S'(//) Siilniilor, |>ii|iiilalioii tS.OOl) ; Ninirmjiiii, 
 capilal III' Nii'ara.uua, [MiiHiialioii ;i:>,(l()(l, 
 
 1.i:ssoN XWIII. 
 
 WEST INDIES. 
 
 Ami '.l.'i.iMMl si| \[\. ^ I'ojniliiiiuii . •4,202,400 
 
 1. '!"li''WestIndie3 incliiilcalltlic Islamls in 
 the nirinnis iil' tlic Caribbraii Sim. TJii'v air 
 ilividcd inli) (IrcaliT and Li'ssim' Antilles. 
 
 2, 'I'ln- (livaliT Aniillcs aiv Cuba and Porto 
 ///Vo, licliiii.uin.i: to Spam; Jamaica to England, 
 and //'(////, whirh I'onns two ri'imlilii-s They are 
 nionnlainonsin llie interior, and sloping towards 
 tlie riiasl. 
 
 ;t Tlieir rliiiiatr is hot and nnlieallhy near tlie 
 roasl. Imt very agreeable in tlie interior. Hur- 
 riranes, orviulent florins, sonioliines swoop over 
 111" land and sea, Mowing down trees, destroy- 
 ing houses, and wreelung ships.. 
 
 i. The iiilialti/aiils inelnde Europeans and their 
 deseendanis, Negroes, and mi.\ed races 
 
 r. Their soil, generally fertile, produces sugar, 
 collee, eiilton, iiine-ajiples, haiianas, and other 
 li'iiiucal t'rnils, 
 
 0. The Lesser Aniilles are divided into Wind- 
 ward and Eeeward Islands; those of the north 
 are called the Windwanl. those of the south, 
 from Martinii|ne Island, (he Leeward. They 
 helong to dilVerent nations : England, France 
 Holland, Denmark and Venezuela. 
 
 7 Ilaniiiii. popiilalieii 20(;,000, is the capital of 
 Ciilia.— >';"""■'>■/"""•". lio|)iilaliou G,000, capital 
 III' .lainaici.— /'o/V uu I'riiirr. populalion 21,000 
 caiiilal iif llayti.— .^'z. John, population !8,'oOo! 
 capital of I'orlo Hico. 
 
 
 .\m.m.m.s gi' S.it. la Ami;iui;a. 
 
 Li:ss(jN XXXIV 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 .4m/. (v')52,000si[. m.—t'opiilalion . 2('),S.!0.()|i||. 
 
 1 South America is that great division el' 
 the Western Continent, which is united lo 
 North America by the Isllunns of P.inaina. li is 
 riMuarkable for its long and beaulifel rivers, 
 high mountains, and vast plains ; for the variety 
 of its vegetable jiroducls, minerals ts.c. 
 
 2. On the western coast are the Andes which 
 extend from north to south. They conlaiii 
 many high peaks and some arlivi,' volcanoes, 
 
 3. The most remarkable among the many 
 valleys of tins part of the world are the region 
 of the Llanos or Savannahs (levid grassy tracts), , 
 which occupies mosi of the basin ol'llie Orinoco; ; 
 the Silcas, or forest plains, in the lowci pari of '■ 
 the basin of the Amazon ; and Fanij)!!:^, or[iraiiies ■ 
 of the Argentine Confedi'ration. 
 
 4. The ;)o;)u/((//en of South America iiudndes i 
 the Oi'iginal Iiid'an tribes, Whili-s ami Ni'groes. 
 The Whites, who are luoslly Spaniards and 
 Portuguese, are the ruling people. The Indians 
 form more than one-half the population. 
 
5. AH, ho <;,,,,, of this division ;.ro republics 
 '•■\u'jil,Hiazii, winch is an oiiipiiT. 
 
 0- Tho iialivo r'''"liictionsof South Aiiiorjca 
 ■■'•V tho polatoes, vanilla, Indian corn, ,ho cocoa 
 "'•-hocolatc-lnMMho P,.rnvian Hark, and ll,; 
 • ;'"Mtchouc, or India ruhhor-lrc... Konlh Ann- 
 nra also produces sn.-ar, cotton, coHcc, indigo 
 -"••n.as, and, in general, all the tropic;'.! frur,s: 
 
 '■••'■efnuneralproduclions are gold, silver, 
 Pl' I" a, niorcury, copper, iron, lead, tin, coal 
 
 saU,dunnonds,rnhies,andothe;preciousMone'' 
 '• I ii'" most reniarkahle auinials ar.. the ia-nar 
 aspocu-softiger; tho jMnna, or American lion ' 
 llioant.onter,,hellan>a, ,he,.dpaca,.^c. L?".' 
 serpents, ca led l>oa-co>,sfrirlor. infest the foresN 
 
 """'•'^ are also many hirds of heanlifnl plumage.' 
 
 Lksson XXXV. 
 
 UNITED STATES OP COLOMBIA. 
 
 1. The United States of Oolambia (Ncir 
 
 W,./„)ares,luatedintheuorllMveslofSouth 
 .W,ca They are honn 
 nieCanhheanS,.a, and west hy the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 •-'. The wesleren part is very monutainous; 
 
 ,";:i"'""''I'''' '■'-ai" is Ihe Andes which traverse 
 il li'oni north to sonlh. 
 
 ^. On account of I he numerous ravin, s and 
 ■uomuain .lehles , raveling is greatly impeded; 
 Ih" only me.ans of con veyance in the mountain 
 1'og.on IS a kind of hasket-chair, carried hy the 
 Indians. 
 
 ■''■'pec/^,a/rishotandnuliealihv,exc,.„ton 
 ""> Hevated lahle-land. ' 
 
 ■■•.This country is ,r<,/,,vv/ by the .l/„v,/./,,,„ 
 tlM'(<n'm, .lsall!uent,and by .several branches 
 I'f the Orinoco and Amazon rivers 
 
 0. Tim sou of the lowlan.ls pro.lnces sugar 
 ••ullee, cotton, and topical fruits; the elev.de.I 
 ivgions, ^M-ains and fruits of temperate cliniatps 
 
 '. fio;,oi„, i>opulation .'.r.jlOO, tho capital is 
 situated near Ihe centre about 8,500 ft. above'tlie 
 
 lovel of tho sea. Cm-lhngnw is tin; ,dii,.f sea port 
 and the naval arsenal of the republic. ! 
 
 VENEZUELA. 
 
 ■I''"- '' 1(1,0(10 s(,.m.- /'„;;,,/„//„„, I,:,,;:, ,100 
 1. Venezuela is situati.l at fhe east .,r the 
 
 I "lied states of Crdmubia; it consists of v,-,., 
 
 plains, watered In- the OW«oco and its braurhe. 
 V. Nearly one-third of the countrv is cvrrod 
 
 v/ilh mountains, the principal of which ,ov the 
 •"■""", "'• Hasten, Andes, which exLud a!„n.. 
 
 tlie south. 
 
 3. W^r^ soil MUX rlinuilc are uearlv th,. suue is 
 Hiose Of Colombia. All the tropi,'..! iVuits ..row 
 here luxuriantly. 
 
 4. The cocoa of Vene/uela is th,' brst iu ibe 
 world. 
 
 5. Cm-<icas, population 47,000, the capii,,! is 
 
 Mtuated on an elevated plain. It was nca'riv 
 
 destroyed hy an carth.fuake in ISI;' hut Ins 
 
 '""■'^ ^ " ■■'•l"ii"- />' Giunjra is the chi,.f s. '■, 
 
 port. 
 
 2" ECUADOR. 
 ••(m,, 208,000 sq. m.-Pop,il.m„n, l.olodu,, 
 
 1. Ecuador is situated south ofColombi'. 
 and north of I'eni. 
 
 2. It contains some of tho uio.sl elevated peaks 
 .1. tbe Andes, many of whi.h are volcanoes- 
 Catopa.xi and Ghimborazo are the most remark' ' 
 a I lie. 
 
 .1 lis c//.,«/r, .,.//, a,,dyinW.c/.s' are similar l« 
 I'ose of Go onibia. The celebralcMl IWunnn 
 bark froni which Quunnc is made, is found hero 
 plentifully. 
 
 'i. Quito, population 7(;,0()(), n,,. ,,,pj(,.,i j:,,. 
 "early under tho ivjuator, on the slope o'f the 
 volcano of Pichiiwlw, at an elevation of !) OUO fi' 
 above the sea. ^w'"//"'/"// is the cbirf sea-port 
 
 •> GUIANA. 
 
 1. r.'uana is situated south-east of Vene/n,.|i 
 a"«l"orthofHraziL Along the coast the land is 
 l-nv, flat, nnhoalthy, and subject lo inundations 
 
20 
 
 iiiiAzir,. — n:nv. 
 
 Ill 111!' MHillillicsiirr.KV is iu(>iint;iin(ins, ,111(1 tlic 
 '■'""■'I'' """■'• li'';illliy, 'I'liciiilcrioMsinlinliik.,! 
 iiy liidi.iiis. 
 
 ■•3 (lui.-iiiji is (lividi'il iiilo tiiiv,' [..iris, viz: 
 Hnlrh (iiii.iu.i. r.ipiial runnnanh,,. popiilatioii 
 '■.'..\l)(l() ; iJriiisli (iiiiaii,), caiMial r,ron,rl<nni, pop. 
 •'"'"""; '""' '•''•'•i"'l' t'.iiiaiia, rapiial On,ri,nr^ 
 
 :i. Til,. ,sW/i.,.x,v,.,lin,i;|y frriil,. ; ii pmdinvs 
 '•"lliv, su-ar, cncia, coll, hi, Iinliaii cini, iii,lim) 
 auil lr,i|iii-al fruits. " ' 
 
 Li. 
 
 ,(ll)i) 
 
 ssoN XWVI. 
 BRAZIL 
 
 .!/■'„, J, 7." 
 1 Brazil 
 
 aslorn p.ui oI'SdiiiIi AiinTici. 
 
 •11 m.~l>,)/iiil,ilioii, 1 0,(1 '(."), 000. 
 IS a lar.Lr," ciupirf in ili,,- ci'iiliv ami 
 
 •2. It, IS nolcl pai'liciilarly lor its vast pL 
 calli'd Sili'os, covcrcil willi dt'iisi- I' 
 eastern part is lrav,-is,.,l hy Ih,. IJrazil 
 Moiuilaius. 
 
 or,': 
 
 mis 
 
 laii 
 
 ;!. Its (•/ 
 
 luuilr is niilil an, I yviierall 
 
 i. Tli,> Amazon, caile,! tin; " Kiii'' of 
 
 y iieallh 
 
 It 
 
 ivers. 
 
 numerous trihularies fortilize (1 
 
 rdflm 
 
 Two tliinls of llie j 
 
 ii'i'ounlry 
 
 io[Hi!aliiiii an' )l7)/7,.,s- of 
 
 ■uese onjjm ; lli,> ivmain,! 
 
 ne^M'oes, miilattoe; 
 uncivilized In,liaiis. 
 
 er inclu,l,'s 
 •■111,1 alioni half ,1 milli,ni of 
 
 0. The/, 
 
 iui'jua<iriiii\ mixture of INu'liiLiu, 
 
 ivnch. Tlu! Roman Catlioli,Tel 
 
 II 
 
 ■s soil, remarkahli' for it 
 
 (luces ( 
 
 olFei 
 
 ij-'ion [ircvails 
 rerlilily, pr,i- 
 
 ', suirar, manioc, wheat, riidian 
 
 C'ltton, tobacco ric(>, and 
 
 in,ir,' cotlVe than any other conntrv, 
 
 corn. 
 
 'riiits. Hrazil ]ir,i,lii, 
 
 8. On I 
 
 i(\i.M'assy ]ilains, inimeiu 
 
 SI'S andhorned cattle roam al 
 
 ;e lii'cis ol hnr- 
 
 loiit ; tli,.\ liirm Ol 
 
 of Ih,' principal sources of wealth torlli 
 
 1), T 
 
 lere aie many mines of miM 
 
 Diamonds and rub 
 
 1,' 
 I' ciimlry. 
 :iii<l silv.'r. 
 
 les are fou 
 
 aliniiilanci' than in a.iy other pari of 
 
 III Mamifacl 
 
 lid in i^ivalcr 
 
 111,' worM. 
 
 ones are vet in ll 
 
 leir iiifanc\- 
 
 hnl commerce is very exlensivc 
 II. Rin ,/, 
 
 (incrio, population i-.'0,000. the 
 
 nl, is Mie largest city in Soulh A 
 
 capil- 
 
 lirincipal seat of f(Hrion (rado in the Kmpire.- 
 Ihihin, the second city in c.xiciil, has a lino 
 hai'hor. 
 
 (a i.rnii-: ok Cmi hi;. 
 
 I.i;: 
 
 WWII. 
 
 PERU 
 
 I'l'ii. .V(0,ll(i(l s,] m. -rn/i,ihil/n,i. :!,"i(iO.(l||(l. 
 
 1. Peru 
 
 west of Brazil and lioln 
 
 IS silii;itc,I siMilh ,ir rrii;,,|or and ' 
 
 The central i 
 
 i\ui,>u is an ela\al,Ml lalile lam 
 
 ah,iiit 1-.\00U foot above Ih,- i.'v,-! of Ih,. s,.a ; it.- 
 eliniat,' is mil,l and auMvcabl,. 
 
 e. On 111,, coast, wlin'li is \,.ry ,-aiid\, i| is 
 iiuif,)rm,.ly h,il, ami no r.iin ,.\,.|- falls, I 
 
 lhi. (Ii.\v; 
 oc(.urr(.ne 
 
 lOIIL^Il 
 
 ;iv v,.rv deiis,. aii,l of tr,.,|ii,.|il 
 e.i-'l 111' the moimlains Ih,. rainy 
 si.asiin lasls on,' li.Hf dI' the ycaw 
 
 i. rem was Ih,. most civilized cnmirv ,d' 
 
 Sonlh America, when it 
 
 Spaniards under rizarro. In ord 
 
 was (liscov(.rei| liv Ih 
 
 old from the liica ,/, 
 
 er lo (.\ii)ri 
 
 aiM Ins adv,.iitur,>rs had 
 
 merica an, I th,' uiihear,! ,)f ciuelti 
 
 (/,//(.'/) -'Hid liispeo[ili., I'izarro 
 recom.se lo the most 
 
>'<"-IVIA.-,:,m,I.-.vi„lKNTINK,;oN,.n,m,,VTloN^ 
 
 ""■"' '"''•■"•'•", •''■niviaii-harK,, ■111,1 IVni|. 
 
 <• I.'OUK iM.iM.lati.Mi |;'|,(l(l.». ||„, ,,,,,i|,,, .,,„, 
 
 ':"-"^' ,"•">■' '^ '"'il' "" ^' MMall riv.r, al„n,l 
 
 '" "-''"^ ''■'"" 'I"' ''"^i:-!. II u-as ,l,.sln.v,.,l 
 
 ";"■';'' """'^ I'y '■^"■lh,,nakrs. -,W/,., is in,, 
 clncl sca-ji,)!'!. 
 
 f'l-SllN WW III. 
 
 BOLIVIA. 
 
 ,''■'"• ;r"-""" ^'1- ■"• -/''7'"/"/-., i.'isT.oiHi. 
 
 !• Bohvica, ih r"niH.|i..ycall,.,ir|,M,.|. |.,,,,„ j, 
 silnadMl i„.h\,vii Brazil , ■1,1,1 I',.,.,,. 
 
 -■ II isin,.milaiii„iis in ij,,. wsl; i,, || ,„ 
 
 7" 7':""^'^" l''^'i"^: llH. ,.,.i,ln. is a vast am! 
 li'riilc. •> 
 
 ;*• " i^ "•■H''.-'l hy 111,. .\[a,l,.in ai„l Us 
 •i"lii''i'l^, li''l'>il'ii'ics,ini„. Amazon. 
 
 ,'•• ''"'"'I' '"iiiliahil 111,, vail,. v,.ril,„ v,„,,,, 
 
 whicli is n.rtil,. ;in,l saliil,ri„ns. 
 
 ■'■ All 111,, .rain aii,| IViiiis ,.r |1, ,„,„,,,„„ 
 
 '•."'."'^•■"' •'"'"'•"'•• 'nior,. w,.,v lornu.rlv v..rv 
 
 '•"■'""""■'^"I'siiv,.,. in Hulivia, hnUiiil,,;,)-,!,,;,, 
 I'l'i'i'i'His nii'lal is ii,)\v IWiiinl. 
 
 C. rhu<iuis„rn,,n-Sunr, |M.|.ii!ali,,ii •,", (1(1(1 lh,. 
 ••;'l"l-''l, islMiill.m a tahhlan.l aJM.nl, !),5()() 'f,,,., 
 
 '<>,(l(IO, IS lh,. ,■111,. I ,.ih-. 
 
 21 
 
 '• llspm,ln,.tsan. h,.,np, wlii.af, Fi„!ian,.„rn. 
 '""■■'""7- ■'■•"■l.'v, IVuils, win,., ai„l „i;. iu 
 
 """"'■■■'1^ ■■'■•'■ ,ol,|,silv,.r. „•„„, ,^„,,|,„,.. ,i„ ,,„| 
 iii,'r,'nr\-. 
 
 /'•""■'"'"•""^'"I<:iiiliar,.siliial..,| il,,. ./,„„ 
 
 [;':;"":''' 't^!"'^' "" "■"■ "•■ ^vinn. Ai,.xaii,i,.,. 
 
 ^"ll^M'ki,v,.,ir„,n,aMy y,.ars, an,l ^av,. li.. ,„ 
 
 •'■■W.^,, I|:mh,,,, 111,. ,.;,|,i,;,,,i,,,, ,,,,,,, I „„ 
 
 •' "'7'."-''l'l"in. IV„>,r,,.v,Mval,.„ri-,na,l,s,., 
 
 i-Pnlal,oii 7,M,„o,is|,,„,.|,i,.rs,.a-i„n- il„; 
 
 ^I'l'' 111 111,. I'ai'ili,.. 
 
 l,i:ss(iN XI,. 
 
 ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION, OR 
 LA PLATA. 
 
 l.i.^s,,N XXXIX. 
 CHILI. 
 
 I Omii IS a l,ni^' narnnv Iracl „r cninlrv 
 Ivin,.- I:,.|u-,.,.ii 111,. |.,,.i|ic cnasl a.,,! ll„. Ami,.; 
 
 ^ Ihv An,/rs cMilain many v,,I,.aii,„.s whii^i, 
 '';'""\''''''I"''"' ■■""' ^i"l" .irlii.inal^.s iliat 
 
 •'■ ''^ '■/'■'"""• is salni,ri,„is ami l,.,ii,„.ral,. 
 
 11"-.^'"' isv..ryr,.rlil,.,,.x,.,.„iini|,„n,u.|lMvh,.r,. 
 niMi s,.l,lmii falls. 
 
 II) 'I'll,, iiiini,. I)nllvi.i Wiis L'ivi.ii i„ II,;, . ] 
 li"'"M- oni„livar, ils ,k.|iuT,T ^^ '"""'■'l' '" 
 
 •''■'■". •^■^'V'liOsq. in. ---/V./„//„„, l.7:i7.(l(H) 
 I- The Argentine Confederation, known 
 
 I ;7;';'>; ''"'I;''' ''''•"••'"''' or A. m,,,ii...ss,Hiiii 
 
 "'""'';''■'."' ■■'^lofCIiili. Ilisalnmsh.niin.lv 
 
 '•"^"'■"1! with plains (•all,.,l;u»»y'',.,,wl,i,^lianor,l 
 '''■';,'"''■'";" "; ■' '""Hilnih,. or wIM 1„.,s,.s ami 
 
 ;';j;^i;- •" Hi.) noni. ii,.s h.,. ,]„,,, „,• ,;,,„; 
 
 ^'. lis rlin,a,r is ^..in.rally h,.allliv ami I,.,,, 
 iM.ral,.. 
 
 ■■!■ Tliis .•mmlry is wahM'..,! l,y ,,h„ /.„,,, 
 
 I '■/"'".'/»"//, .•imltlmiramnonls, ami hv iiianv 
 
 ;•' ''''•nv.;rswlii,li|],,w-, for the. most pari, inli, 
 I'lki'swliillionl, oiith.fs. 
 
 '•• ''''"' wcsh.ni part, is f,.rtil,. ami pr,.,lii,.,.s 
 sn,.'ar,..otto„,,M-ap,.s, t,olia,.n,,wJi..al, ami olh,.r 
 ^'■.nns. hnlth,. rais,n.i,ofraltl,. is lh,. principal 
 
 ••>. '''!"' '•'""""w with Chili is v,.rva..|iv..;,m.r. 
 '•'■•'ii'l^s"israrri,.,la,.r,.ss Iho Amh.s l.y in,.a,H 
 III innlcs. 
 
 *>■ /liirtios Ai/rrs, p,)|,nlalioii ■>()n,0()0, sitnal..,! 
 
 ;;"liH's,mlli-w,.stsi,l,.orili,. nio.l,, la l-lata is 
 Nil' imisl lloniisliiiiir ,.if»- it ■ . " 
 
 •>ano,i " " """In 'i\\.~/!ns„no, popnlati,,,, 
 -0,0(10,011 lh,. I'arana,is tho capital. 
 
22 
 
 PARArfUAY.— EUnOPE. 
 
 Lesson XLI. 
 I PARAGUAY. 
 
 Arm, I'lMun^q. u].~p„pula/io„. 1,337,000. 
 1 Paraguay is a small roiintiy 'situated 
 ils siiifaco rises gradually 
 
 W)ulli (.r Hrazii, 
 
 lowai'ds lilt; cciiti 
 
 2 Its r/imiitr is mild aud lic;dthy 
 soil fiTlilt' ; it;. 
 
 and its 
 
 cliicf pmdufls aro graiu, nee 
 rotlou, toha.TO, su-ar, and Ycrba Mnir, or Para' 
 giiay tea. The raising ofeaHle is the chief „nr- 
 smt. ' 
 
 ;i. Ash I, cm, or Assumption, population, 15,000 
 lln- ciliilal, lies on the left hank of Ihe Paraguay! 
 2° URUGUAY. 
 .l/'7(, 70,(100 s(j. m.— Population, 387,000 
 
 1. Uruguay is the smallest slate of South 
 America; it is situated between the Argentine 
 Confederation and the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 2. hidimalr is temperate and its 50/7 fertile 
 Ihere aro several mountain cliains in tlienor.h 
 
 3. It IS watered liy the Uruguay River and its 
 alUnents. 
 
 4. Tlie cattle and horses which roam over the 
 l^lams, form the chief wealth of the inhabitants 
 
 a Montcndrr, jmpnlalion, l-.?t],000 on the Rio 
 'lo la Plata, is the capiial_J/„Wo,;„,/, ], „j^ 
 <'lii> 1 seaport. 
 
 3" PATAGONIA. 
 
 Ami, 280.000 s(i. 111.— A,/;»/«//,„;, l-20,000, 
 
 1. Patagonia is a cold barren region 'in the 
 southern part of South America; it is inhabit^ 
 •>a^by lu.hans who live by hunting and fishing. 
 
 2. South of Patagonia is situated lli(> island of 
 JuMTa del I'uego, (Land of Fire) so called from 
 Us volcauoes; it is separated from the mainland 
 liy tli(> strait o( .Wujrllan (discovered in 1520l 
 
 3 South of Tierra del Fuego is Cape Horn, 
 lie passage of which is very dilTiciilt on account 
 III I lie winds aud currents. 
 
 i F-:ast of Patagonia are the Falkland Islands 
 wlKch ijelong to England. ' 
 
 Lesson XLII 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Ami, 3,705,038 sq m-Pnimlaiion, 297,358,000. 
 
 '• Europe, oneoftho five greatdivisionsof the 
 (xlolie, forms a part of the Old Woi^ld ; although 
 It IS the smallest of the five great divisions it is 
 comparatively the most populous. 
 
 2. It is traversed by many mountain cliains, 
 the principal of which are the Alps, Mount 
 niauc, 10,000 feet high, is the culminating point. 
 
 3. Its chmatc varies considerably ; in the 
 north and cast, it is cold and severe ; in the west 
 and centre, mild and agreable; l)elow the 45® 
 of latitude, perpetual summer generally ore 
 vails. - '■ 
 
 4. Among the many rivers which water this 
 part of the worl.l, may be mentioned the Vuli,a 
 the longest river in Europe, the Rhine, aud the 
 Diinube. 
 
 0. Christianitu prevails throughout Enronc 
 except in Turkey where Mahometanism still e.v' 
 ists. The religion of Rus-sia and Greece is the 
 schismatic Greek In the north Prot.^stantism 
 prevails, in the south. Catholicity. 
 
•"■" vory ojipn'ssive. ' ""' '"';' '''-''^s') '"'« '"Us,.,! iu a],mi,lan.v 
 
 " '-'"■"l'<M'Ossossos a great numhor of instil,, ■ ''' ^'"''"^"'. '' ''""'"•'^•'''I'^ l">- ii/rivil,/,, 
 
 ni.iii 
 
 liiiii. 
 ilics 
 an,] 
 
 .lis, 
 aic 
 
 London. 
 
 Lesson XLIII. 
 GREAT BRITAIN 
 
 Area 1-2 550 s,; m.~Populalion, 3l,817,0n0. 
 
 i us great division inelu.liiig Ku-lan,] S,.ni 
 J'-'-Kl, and Wales, together widi iixd i d'^.^l- 
 what is called ^' T/.. T.//./ A7«,./o,/o/S " 
 ^n.»a «W /,w..,/;' They are a so luiou 1^ 
 ^^^J^-a.k I,rs. IU colonial possessim" ." 
 
 foniul ,n every quarter of the globe 
 
 '• ENGLAND. 
 
 mat l{nt,an; u ,s separated from Franco 
 ^ tli.^ f.,/../. t7.,««./, and from Ireland hySl 
 Geonjc s Channel and the Irish Sea. 
 
 ^^^ -^In the north and west, the surface is nudu 
 3. its c/a«r//6' is mild and humid. Tlie princi 
 
 ^<-\ein in tlie west, 
 ■i- The Anglican is iho established reli..i.,u 
 
 al«uone.third of, he inhabitants are Calho:: 
 
 on to 'lie lughest degree of pe. Jectlou : tlie clue 
 products are wiieat, barley, oats, potatoes . t- 
 
 nisalsoreinarhahlei.,ritsahnnclaLeor:sen;, 
 
 m.tchl^''?'^ is.-minenlly industrious and com- 
 n Mual; it is noted for its. omm^r.., the number 
 an.1 variety of iis manufactures, an ! ro'. 
 
 miniber of its ships which cover 'the scvs a 
 hll every port 
 
 7 There are f.nv countries (hat com 
 
24 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 liioportioiis, as many railroads as Eii','laii(l, 
 
 H. I.tiiidoii, on llic Tliaiiu's, iioimlalioii :{,Hh:^, 000, 
 is tlif caiiilal and the most di'iiscly pcoiilcd city 
 on tin'j,'ioiK!; it conlaias many snpcrh buildings ; 
 lli(3 most cch'hratcd aro St. I'anl's Callicdral and 
 Woslmmsti'i' Alibcy. 
 
 it. The oLJu-r princiiial cities aro Livcriimil, 
 popnlatioii 500,000, llio second most conmicrcial 
 cily of llic world ; MkucIhsIc); population ;3r.(;,()0'l ; 
 lliniiiin/lrnii, pojjulation ;iii,(l(IO; /.ra/s, puiuila- 
 lion 25',),00(); Sluficlil, [iop\ilalion 2'i(),0()(i, ,,11 
 nianMrac.'nriii-cilii's; llrixlol. [lopnlalion 183,000, 
 is llic chief sea[ioil. 
 
 2" SCOTLAND. 
 Arcd (coniprisinj,- the adjacent islands), 30,000 
 
 s(j. m. — I'oiiHidiioii, 3,:),")S.(;i;i. 
 
 1. Scotland, i'oi'merly called Gilnhniid, is 
 situated north of Kn,uiand, from which it is 
 separated by IlioChesiot Hills; it is divided 
 nito two parts, tho Highlands in the north, and 
 llio Lowlands in the south. 
 
 2 The Highlands aro cold and mountainous, 
 hut they contain many iiictnresijue sil(;s ; the 
 Lowlands are lovel and well cultivated. 
 
 3. Tho principal products arc those arising 
 from agriculture ; there are sevei'al coal and 
 uon mines. Its fisheries are very imporuint. 
 
 i. l-jlnibiinjli, population 107,000, the capital, 
 is remarkable for its castle and ancient royal 
 palac(! (Holyrood).— G/rt.s^/oic, population 477,000, 
 is tho most important for population and manu- 
 factures.— /)((/i(/r^, population 110,00(1. 
 
 3° IRELAND. 
 
 .t/ro, about 33,000 s({. m.-Popululion, 5,i02,7r):). 
 
 1. Ireland is an island situated west of En- 
 gland ; from its constant verdure it is called the 
 Emerald hie. 
 
 2. Its principal moiuilaius rise along the coast, 
 and, generally siioakiug, the interior is level, and 
 consists of a vast plain covered principally with 
 prairies.Tlienmnn la ins of An trim aro less remark- 
 able for their heiglit ifiau the magnificence with 
 which they terminate in the Giant's Causeway. 
 
 Till; Gia.nt's Causeway. 
 
 3. Tho cUinalc of Ireland is salubrious and 
 mild. The soil isc.vcoedingly fertile, and capable 
 of producing all tlio necossliries of life. Tho 
 greenness of the pastures is particularly rich, 
 and preserves its luxuriance to a late period of 
 tho year. 
 
 ■i. The principal produdions are wheat, oats, 
 barley, flax, and potatoes, which are said to bo 
 tho best in the world. 
 
 5. A great number of Irish emigrate every 
 year to America. Tho greater part of the iulia- 
 bitauts are Catholics. 
 
 0. Dithtin, population 2 1(1,000, the capital, is built 
 oil the rJlfri/; itsuiany magmflcent edifices rank 
 among the first of EnrQ\tQ.— Belfast, po])ulation 
 I7i,000, and Curk, population 70,000, are the 
 chief seaports. 
 
 Lksso.n XLIV. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 Area, l.-),000 sij. m.— /'oy*i(/,(/w//, 1,000,000. 
 1- Denmark consists of the Danish Anlii- 
 pelago and the peninsula of Jutland ; it is situated 
 
NOIl 
 
 "■"" "'.^'-'.^'■'•it.ick,ni,|(:ai|,..at. 
 
 '■-': Mr;;, ;:>!;',;:;;„'- --« 
 
 .■t%r-::,:.n.;::::-^^ - 
 
 ,,;,'''/''■'!''''''•■''• l'''lHil.'i(in„ l;O.()(l0, 11,;, ,.,„;,,,, 
 
 '''' '"' «"•'^'>'^^'-"t;ss,A ,N E,'noPK.-K„;,;;;;,; 
 
 Lesson XfAI. 
 RUSSIA IN EUROPE. 
 
 I'i:s.-;().\ X|,\. 
 NORWAY AND SWEDEN. 
 
 •'';"'-f;J^v,d,.nJ7(),0n„sr,„,._/v.i_„,„„„ 
 
 2 Til." surfiirr „f X,,,.,..,,. • 
 'li.itofHu., .isl,.v,.l . , ■ ':, ""^'"•■'""">S 
 
 --HM.yoni„M.oas •,:;';,:;"' ":"'• ''''"■ 
 
 "0''ll',ve"etalioni.v """";'''"'"'0'is. In tlm 
 
 M».s.;.;r:;;;,;:,:,i:r''''''' '"»■"-'■••"■,,.,, 
 
 ""'"'■ l"-'lnrls a,.,. ,-„Mi,.Mllnra! ''"''''• f^'^" 
 
 or su^;;;t^'';,iTr'''''''' '''-'•'"' '^''--ri'ai 
 
 ■•i-v/,C,o;):.j,,,osq.,n. ./v././/..; r,H,;i..n ,,()() 
 '■ Russia in Europe o,vM,,i,.s ii„. • 
 
 - 'Is ■s''/Mr consisls of Ion- plains 'i i,., 
 -"'••lal nvn.s an, ,1... .V./,., „,„ „: .j ,, ' 
 
 •'• '^".'^'■■"««''l'.-'rato<lfmniAsia l.v ||„. r,-,l 
 
 '•'- ^|/^ -para,., .t Hon. Tnrlu.y in Asia. 
 '• ]^^''"»"t<:, in 111,. n„rtl,.,.asi is vr.rv ,•; 
 
 •'• i 11^ //om'«mH,/ ,san al.solnlo n.ona.rhv 
 HMW;.... of wlH,-h tin, C.a,. is ,1,,. , ' • 
 
 "i"s,.|nsmaticGn.ekCatlioli,.. 
 
 '■'I, IS a nia-nificent rity • if w.c r . , 
 
 ^vasl.nrntby,lHMnlK.hiia„tsinl8oVt . ' 
 
 "'"-on the \istula, IS the capital of Polaml. 
 Lesson XLVII. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 ■ Prance is s,.pa.atc(l f.^om Knf,/lan(l hv tl.^ 
 
 Sc.Mne,Rhono,(;i,on,Ie, ami Loire. 
 
 •5. iM'anc,-. before I TOO wns -, l-;„ i 
 ^i'H'o that tin.,. ;, "^'^'■^'''^'^"'?'''lom;hnt 
 t inai tune, it has snc'c,}ssivclv h,.,.,. -, 
 
 fo'- -.0 most part, Ron4 Catholic! "' 
 
— IKIf.r.AND. 
 
 NoTnK.F')AME OF Pa Ills 
 i. 'J'lic rliimttr of Franco is luilil niul hcallhy ; 
 the Mil is very fcrlilc; ii yidils, in almmlauro, 
 all tlio fniils and prodticis ol' Die tonipcrate zones ; 
 in the sonlli, wine, oil, and silk ; in the norlh, 
 wheat and all other grains. iJeot sugar is made 
 in great ([nanlily 
 
 5. Paris, iiopnlation l,.S:i:,,(iO(), (jio capital, 
 bnill on the Seine, is one of the finest cities of 
 Enrope ; it contains many snperh churches, mag- 
 nificent monnments, splendid galleries of art, 
 and lihraries not surpassed hy any in the world 
 The .National Library contains over 1,0(10,000 
 volnmes and 80,000 manuscripts. 
 
 (1. Lijuns, population HO 1,000, on the Rhone, is 
 noted for its silk mannfactun-s.—. lAo'^v/Z/cs-, pop. 
 300,000, is the oldest cily of France ; it was hiiilt 
 liy the Gi'eeks (100 years hefdre Christ.— Wo/'- 
 (Iriiii.r. pop. 11) 1,100, is famous fur its wines 
 
 Li^si.N XLVllI 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 .1/'. :. Il,:]l:-!sij m.~l'opuliilioii^ 5.000,00(1. 
 
 I. Belgium is a small kingdom situated N 
 K, of I'Vance ; it is the most densely populated 
 conniry of Europe in proporlion to its size The 
 
 coast is very low, the centre undulalnig, and tli 
 sontli monntainons 
 
 •2 Its 
 
 f;orrnimi'iit is a conslidilional i 
 
 niinaicliv. 
 
 ('(illiiilicifi/ jirevail 
 
 3. Uiiclinwlfi is cold and moiM. Agriculture 
 is carried on to a high .legree of perfection; 
 grain, hemp, fia.v, hops, chicory, clover, and to' 
 hacco, are raised in abundance Iron and coal 
 are also found. 
 
 i Among the maniifacliires, the j nncip.il ;,ie 
 lis lace and carpets, which are known all over 
 the world under the name of Urnssols lace and 
 Brussels car[iel 
 
 ■>. Helgium has been thr Ihealiv of many 
 bloody battles; the most famous is (hat of IIW 
 Irr/on, in 1815, which decided the fate of Nano 
 Icon I. 
 
 (1. Drnssrh, pop 3I',,0(K), is the capital - 
 ■ iN/>rrriK pop. I -27,000— ^7,^,^ pop iei,00(), ;,nd 
 /^"■'y, pop. IOO,0(JO, are the other principal cities 
 
 Lesson XLIX 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 Arm, 1;},H',)0 sip m.—Poinihiiion, .'{,700,000 
 I Holland is a small kingdom N of Hid 
 ginni. The si«a-coast is so low that dikes are 
 necessary to prevent a total inundation 
 
 2. The country is watered by Ihe Rhine, and ' 
 Mensn, which form a great number of islands 'l 
 at their mouths ; 
 
 3. hs government isa conslilnlioiial monairliy 
 The Presbyterian nliijion prevails, but there are ' 
 a great uimiber of Calholies and Jews | 
 
 ■'». Its e/iinnle is humid and disagrechle, i(s < 
 S'lil, ualn.rally sterile, lia.s been reiulered fertile I 
 by till' industry of the inhabitanls. The products 
 are the same as those of Belginin, 
 
 5 Foreign comnirrcc, especially willi ilii. Hast 
 Indies, is very active. 
 
 0. Ilafiiie, pop. 93,000, is Ihe capital.— .Jw.sYr/'- 
 <l<nn, pop. •J82,000, the ancient capital, is the 
 principal eity. _ /(„//,,.;.,/«;«, pop 1-23,000, and 
 ilrrchl, [lOii. t; 1,000, are also fine cities. 
 
"'■"^'■^^^■— ''"i-siA-Arsimv. 
 
 LlJSSDN- J,. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 , •''■'"' il'nissia iiic|ii,Iu,i, oii, -,,> 
 /'"/'"/"//.//, 5(1,1 1 o,„f,n. '""' "I- " 
 
 27 
 
 l''i\ .'mm! t'l 
 
 ' The German Emniro i\ -, v , .. 
 
 •Wilis,.,, to \ui ;'■'' '''■'''''''''•■'"'' ''''-• 
 
 Ai'OMtoM,..,inni.,r,,,:: t "'"""''r'"'"- 
 
 foivsls. ' " '■"^■'■•■•■-I Willi 
 
 ■•?• 'tis w;.(,Mv,-i,y||„.r.;||„, ,„„(,, 
 
 > ISilll.l 
 
 •"': '!'■''"'•'''"""'"/ is a lin,ii,.,| ,n„n,uvliv 'IT 
 
 "";" '^■■'^-'■aln,nnl„.r„r(:,,ih„li,.. 
 
 '■lis '■/'"'"/Msv,.ry;i,n.,.al,|,.. ||. r„,ti|,. .„// 
 
 : "^;'^-!"-i'"' ^"Minw „„a..,„: r 
 
 ■■".-'I' I I'lissia ,s a so n,,!,.,! r,„. :,, • . . 
 
 ■1- l^'n.i,i„y is ll„. ],i,il,,,l.,,;, „r,,, • «.<;»*■, |,c,i,. lis.lioo 
 
 '""':™ -'"■■ ■.*.mi!m , 'tr:;';r ""'"■'■ ■'"■"■■'='"• 
 
 "^" ""''■'' I"!' il! iron •,M,1 
 
 !;.' ,''-'.'"".'-t.A,v,„. ,,o,,. i,v..mi(X[,o.ss,.s.,.sii„; ; 
 
 ''""-'^'!ll (•■llHl.'.l of III,. ,.,„ 
 
 ■'"I ilii' Vistula. 
 
 •> lis cliwalr is .'(.n,.i"ilN- ,. i i i 
 ■■ra,liiallv.v.I,l„. ,''"'"*'"J • "i'l, liocoiiiin- 
 
 :,',!;!! "r "''';■: ""'1 """■'^'••".11,1 towards n, 
 
 '^".oivsi,n>a,liM(i,.nMa„vt!.a„ in ' 
 
 '•"m.lryor 111,, glob,.. ' ''"> """''' 
 
 7 Tl„: ,,,iu,.ipal ,.i,ios a,.., jf,,,,,,^, 
 
 u,„,a, w^.., pop. I5(;,„,,., ,,,,Halol' 
 
 Les.son J.I 
 PRUSSIA. 
 
 '• -frussia .-rciip,,.;-, ih,, (,,.,„, 
 
 Lesson LII. 
 AUSTRIA. 
 
 'sail Clap,,.,, or, vulralKurop,, 
 ' lu'lK.lo,,! of II„„gary, ih,. .„,, 
 
 it coiiip,'is,.s lh( 
 
28 
 
 HWITZKItl.AMl.— SPAIN.— PoinX'llAr.. 
 
 lilllli ', ;ill(l spv.t;iI III' 
 
 • ll is Wal.Tcd liy 111,. I), 
 
 lis .■tlllin.iil.s, 
 
 •'» '''f'",'/«'''rmm/,/„fAusiriais;,rouslilui,„nal 
 ""'"■"■'•..V, Ih.'.l of llM„..,.y is .•.,lMii,iis(..n.,l 
 s.'lK;ual,.iy fn,,,, |)„. ,,,,,, „r „j^, ^,,^1^, ^|^^_ 
 
 '".ijonly of 11..^ j,.)i,iilali.„i arn Ro,„a.i Calliulirs 
 I. Flsr/„m//. is cool ami vU.nr i.i ll„. „oili, 
 1)1.1 ni.Mstaii,! warm i„ tlm iilams. Us W/ is 
 ^"•■wTally frrtiln aiul i.ro,lM.vs K.aii". in .iIhiimI. 
 
 ■•""•'•; win., silk, an.l oil aiv ,!so i, ,,„„ 
 
 ■•iMiri.'Solconiincnv. Tho niiiirs of p,|,|, .ijvrr 
 ""Tfiiry, iron, and ro|.i,(.ran> very rich. 
 
 •J. IV.mm, i.oi,.h:,-,,()()(), 11,,. ,,,j,|f.,,^ issitual,,] 
 on tli,. I)an..l,...-/',.,s7/,. ,.,,;,. ;>()>,()()0, ..anilal of 
 Hnn^'ai-y.-r/m/., puj,. lOO.ooi, o„ Hi,, Aa,!;,,;,. 
 Sea IS llio chief seaport. 
 
 Lesson Mil. 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 Area, |."),-J.-,i) sq. in.-ZV,;*/,/,,//,),,^ o.cen.fldil. 
 
 1 Switzerland i:; siinated Ih'iuvcu Ansiria I 
 ■■'"'1 Franco; it is very nionntainons anil i.re- ' 
 senis sonio very snblinie an,! i.iclnreMjne scenes 
 
 '■ llie nionntanisare covered with lar^ro fields 
 "' "■" '•'lle.l „larirrs; from li.ne to time 
 
 ""or.nons musses dela.dMhen.selves, and pr..ci,,- 
 •lonsly lall to the holtom of Ih.- vallevs hrin'. 
 ii'g everything with them in their' mssa-e 
 deslroyins,' entire villa;,'es. 
 
 :i. Til,! lar-est expanse of wal.'r is Lake 
 (.eneva, which is traver.sed l.v the Iliioii,> The 
 north ami nortli-oaslern pari of ll,,, conntrv is 
 watered hy ij,,. Rhin,' ami its alllnent th.> Var 
 
 i. Switzerland is a A'deral republic divi,l,.,l 
 lino a number of froo states caU,.d anitous, the 
 people aiv industrious an,l alla,'hiMl to their 
 ountry. 
 
 5 Its climalc varies with tli,' ,'levation Th,. 
 country lhou;.li nionntainons, is fertile in manv I 
 places; it prodncvs th,. fruits and grains o> | 
 ordinary temperate ,-limates. The principal ,„■. ' 
 cnpaliou of th,; inhabitants is Iheraisin.- of , 
 cattle 
 
 !'• 
 
 <-. '.■'//Hw,pop i!),(IOO, situated on Lake (bMieva, 
 '> lb,' mo>l ivmarkabi,. city ,n th,' liisl,,rv of 
 ^I'c cmnlry.— /y^.sA', pop, :iH,U()0-/y,r//-', p. 
 ■■•''Miuil, is th,' cajiital simv jsi.s. 
 
 Liis.suN LIV. 
 SPAIN. 
 
 •bv7/, 1 77,01)0 s,[. n\~P„ind,ilioH, lf),7;i;',ono. 
 
 I- Spain, tli,i iii,ist soulhurii part of Hump,', ! 
 i'^ silnal,.,! s,)nth w,'sl of France, from which it ' 
 's s,.parat,.,| by tlie Pyivu.rs Th," surfa,v is i 
 irre-uiar; the interior consisls of vast lab!,.-' 
 lands and mountains. ' 
 
 ••i- Its piim'ipal vicrr^ are th,. Lbnj, ib,. 
 <.ua,lal,iuiv,.r, ihe (Jnadiana, th,,. Tagns ami th,. 
 Diiro. 
 
 -'> Til.' univnuwHt of Spain is ;, |iuiil,.,l 
 •■"". lu'ceditary meaarchy. Tiie Spauiar,ls 
 l'rol,.ss th,. Catholic vdhjion, which was for a 
 
 b)iig time the only on,. lol,.ral,.d in lb,. kiuud.Mu • 
 l>ut, all denominations an- now permitt,.,!. 
 
 '•• Its climate l,.inperate on the coast, is snbj,.ct 
 I' ex,vssive hi.at ami cold on the tabl,.-laii,ls ' Its 
 •v'"/ IS -,)od and fniillul, but aKn,.nllure an,l 
 conum.ire are mn, b negl,.cted. 
 
 .'') .'/■'»//7,/, pop. ;U7,0U0,sitiiat,^douon.>of the 
 '"■"".'lies of the Ta,,'ns, is the most eleval,.d ca- 
 lulalofKuiopo-//„/w/ow(, pop 2.-jO,0(JO, is the 
 l.rincipal comincuce port.-.SViv7/., pop. 1,V2,000. 
 -\<ilencm, pop. 1 40,000, siirnamed the lJ,.auliful 
 ar,. linecities.-6\-rt«'„/,, ami ('o;v^r<f areremark- 
 ■■'I'lc I >i'tlioirrniiis of Moorish art. 
 
 Lesson LV 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 ■Im,, r,,.-iOOs.i >'i—/''V"«/"/'o«, 3,995,000. 
 '• Portugal is situated west of Spain. Tli,> 
 "■■'""•al features of this couutrv grcallv r,.- 
 seiiil)le those of Sjiain. 
 
 ■2. Its iiovcrnment is a constitutional monairliv 
 I be Gath,)lic )'f//V//ou prevails. 
 3. Its climate is healthful, aii.l its ,nil fertil,.. 
 
'''Ill' |i;'ii|ii(ii()tis niv >i 
 
 '■'■■^'■^••-'■'■'.KK^ ,N K, ,..„...: .V,. 7um:K. 
 
 20 
 
 "'."IV '<Vrlo iso,„.,.ni„. rlu..f ,.,, • ,""' '''"'"^ -^l' LombarJv .uv ,!,„ ,„„ , f..,,ih . 
 
 t'AiiiiiMiAL UK Milan. 
 ''':>S(JN L\[. 
 ITALY. 
 
 '• "^ «"rfa.'o is ^really .livrrsifie.l • ih,. \i, . 
 i..alli,sl,.„..,h '■""'""• •^l'"""^"^'« tn'vers.Mt 
 
 ,, , . !'■ '•■'M'il.ll of 111. 
 
 -''H,..,y .:;,:;';;;;:, il;;,:-''' n., ,, 
 
 '-'; t;f '':;./''''';.'"''''''''' '■^''■''''' '''■'■ ■ 
 
 WESSON LVII. 
 
 TURKEY IN EUROPE AND GREECE. 
 I" TURKEY 
 
 . a undulann, n.,iou of lulls and vl, I!..'; 
 |;am..abyu.onutaiaran,.>sor,.onsi,!,..ai.;; 
 
 3The9or-v.,„o,nsa,.spoln^ll.,M^ I 
 
 ^ an.l-S.M,„,.H- or Snl.an ; ho is also l,,.,,,, „ 
 
 oulh .s nnhl,.. L„t very vanahl,.. f,s J , 
 ''7''Si;''-'''culai.lyin,h..vall.yol,h,.,.a , 
 
 and otlun. .rains. silk,,.o,ton.n,v,,,.a,,,..,:;;;;:, 
 
 ^- <^0'««o/j/r, pop. |,(,7V(i(.(), il,„ ,,, ii,, ,^ 
 bn.lt on the «ospho,..s o,- s,,.,, . 1„H, ' /.n J. 
 tlio sea olMaiinom Willi tli,. Hjarl, s, a. 
 
 .—'I 
 
30 
 
 ASIA. — SIHKI1IA. 
 
 2 GREECE. 
 
 I"" I'.l,-.V".(l >(i. 111. .- hipuliitiini, 1,438,0(10. 
 
 I Greece, is .silnalcd simlli of V.nu)\n' ■ ii 
 '•'HiM>ls ,:| Iw , ].riiiiisiil,is s('i,iir;ili'd hy tlic i,rull' 
 (iT l,i'|i;iiilo 
 
 ^ _ ■-.' Ils//-»/T///,/;r/// is a coiislitiilioiial iiionairliy. 
 
 'I'lii' nliijioii is IIh- schisiMalic (hrck. 
 
 ;i. lis (•//mr//r is l(.|ii|M'iul|. Iini (•han;:calili'. [Is 
 
 ■v"// is fcrlilc ; ii i,r,„iiic,.s -rain, IViiils, llic vine, 
 
 •■""' "''^■'■^- M'i'l r •■111 cx.M.llr.iL .jiialitv is 
 
 ;ilHiii(laiil. 
 
 5. Mhrns, j,o|, .'iS.dOO, llio capital, is sitiial.'.l 
 iirar I li.. ,n iiir „r Kniiia ; \i i^ la,n„us for lis ruins 
 ■•'ii'l in an, -i;. Ill limrs for ils (iiio arls and lillcra- 
 Inrc. 
 
 4 U>AiJ^^^ 
 
 I >i 
 
 Aniuai... ot Asia. 
 
 Lesson LVII. 
 
 ASIA. 
 
 Arm. 15,ll)i;,()00 S.I. m. ~ Poindctlion, 629- 
 
 I- Asia, is (liP lar-,,.st of (lie fivo divisions of 
 "" .i^lolir. ii is nolcd for ils mountains, its groat 
 ivi'is. ils oxt.nsivo lajih.-laiids, plains, and 
 
 2. It is particulaily rcniarkalih', as iiaviii- 
 liocii llii. cradlf of (lie liunian r.aci', and of tlic 
 Clu'islian llcli-ion. 
 
 ;f. l\^ liopitlalinn. wiiiclicvc is half 111,. ii,,i,ii- 
 
 lalion of Iho world, is compoMMl of ihiv,. ,'lassi's, 
 vi/: Tho Canrasian, wliidi oinipirs the west; 
 liii' Mon-olian and the .Malay, w lii,'h occupy Hi,' 
 c'liliv and the (>as(. 
 
 5. The pi>o]ilc arc oppressed hy ilndr ,/nr.v//- 
 wo;/s which arc, for the niost'|,arl, d.'spili,'. 
 Asia is th,^ scat of all ivlini,)iis : the .ureal, 'r pari 
 of the population arc idolaters; many prolVss 
 Mahomclanisin. The Catholics are not mincr- 
 ous. 
 
 5. Some of the principal animals are Ih,. 
 el(«pliant, rhinoct>ros, lion, tipi'r, cani,d, aii,l 
 jackal. Among the hirds may he iii,Milioii,.,l l',c 
 lieacock, pheasant, ami ci;me. 
 
 ('). Asia,onaccoimtofilslai'g,M.\l, 111. possesses 
 almost every soi't of cliniah; and a great vaiicly 
 of minerals and vegetal)!:' ]irodnclioiis ; goMaiiil 
 diamonds an; ahundanl. and on Hi,' coast the 
 [icarl fisheries are carried mi hy ]ii'rsoiis c,ill,'d 
 l)i!arl-divers. 
 
 LicssoN JA 111. 
 SIBERIA. 
 
 Area . 5,24',),0()U s,p u\.~I>>i/jii!a'i,,„, s.:i-:;i.iiiii). 
 
 1. Siberia occupies all th,' noilh ,if .\sia. l! 
 consists of a vast dreary plain, and h,doiigs |,i 
 liiissia. 
 
 2. In the north the climdlr is extremely col, 1 
 and the ground fre,'z,'s to a very great d'eplh : 
 Hi.- valloys, near the south are fertili>, Jjut hailiy 
 cultivated. 
 
 3. Gold, silver, and platinum are r'-.iind in ihe 
 Altai and the Ural mountains; hut th,' child' 
 articles of commerce are furs, principally those 
 of the sahle and ei-mine. 
 
 4. Siberia is used hy Russia, as a place of 
 banishment for political offences ; it is regarded 
 as a great iiunishmcnt to he transiiorted tliilhcr. 
 
 5. Irkutsk, population 28,011(1, in tjic south, is 
 an agreeable place of residence.— 7'e6o/,v/,-, popiila- 
 
f;iIl.\KSE KMI'IliK.— JAPAN-.— INDIA. 
 
 31 
 
 lion, .l.l/iOO, in tli,' west, is tJio cliief commercial 
 emiioriiiin 
 
 Lesson LIX. 
 
 CHINESE EMPIRE. 
 
 Am,, i,0SS.()0O s [. n\.~nnp^W.),0O0,m) 
 I. The Chinese Empire coniiirises Cliina, 
 ^^)n-ull;^ Maulcliooria, Tliilml, and Tartaiy, 
 liieso iiroviiu-es are iitlle Unown. 
 
 2 The iJi'ineijial nionnlain chains are tlie 
 Allai and the Himalaya, eontainin- Monnt 
 Kverest, the Iii^iiest point on llu> globe. Tiie 
 IIoaii--Huand Van^-tse-Kian- are the ptineipal 
 nrrrs 
 
 ;{ Tlie /jovcnniiriu of China is ahsohite, l>i)| 
 possesses a patriarchal cliaract.n-. JJuddhisni is 
 liie dominating ,rlifi/oi,. wliile Die doctrine of 
 Confnidns is hdlowed by the emperor and the 
 learned 
 
 4 lis rliiiiii/r^ in liu' norih, is colder Ijian tlial 
 of Knrope in the same latitndo ; hi the centre it 
 is tempinvile, and in the sonth pretiv warm. Its 
 
 .sW/ is well watered, fertile, and highly cnltivated. 
 
 0. Tea is the chief product. Rice and other 
 grains, sugar, cotton, to])accu, and indigo are 
 also raised 
 
 (i. Among the curiosities of China, may he 
 mentioned the Gvait Wall, which is 1,500 iniles 
 long; It was hnilt to protect the country from 
 the 'I'artars. 
 
 7. Pritin, popnlalion i,KUO,(int), tlie capital, is 
 on(> of the largest cities in the world -O//,/,,/; 
 population l,(H)0,()(IO and Slinn,jJmi, population 
 ■.'1)0,000, are the chi.'f seaports. 
 
 Lesson LX 
 JAPAN. 
 
 .\rr,i, 200,000 si[ m.~Poinil,tllon, :!."),( 11 10,000. 
 
 1. Japan, situated east of China, is composed 
 of many islands, the principal (d' which are 
 Xiphoii and Yesso. 
 
 2. The mounlains aiv ej.'vale.l and conlain 
 many active volcanoes. The rivers are numer- 
 ous hut iiiconsiderahle. 
 
 '■'< Ils//oiy'n(»!c«/isana]isoi;i'e iieieairjiy • Mic 
 emperor is called )W;a(h). Tiie i.;v\ ailing /■',/';//,„, 
 is Huddhisin. 
 
 •i. h<.cllmalv is diangeahle. ae,l in (he ii,„-||| 
 very cold. Its soil is sterile hut caivfuJIy cul- 
 tivated ; it produces rice, wlieat, harley^ ica, 
 eottmi, and silk. The camphorand vaniisliiivcs 
 are native of Japan. 
 
 5 The Japanese ha 1 no < oniniei'c,. wiih 
 foreigners previous to tin- year l«.->i, ImH since 
 that time liieir ports have liecMi free and liiev 
 have adopted many American and Kuropean in 
 vcntions. i 
 
 0. Ycdiln^ jiopnlafion 2.000.000, the capital, ' 
 
 situated on iXiidion Island, is one of the si 
 
 populous cities ill SUe world.— }o/.-o/(,/„,„ is a new 
 city and depot for the Kuropeans. 
 
 Lesso.n LXI I 
 
 INDIA. 
 
 .I'vvr, orHiiidiioslan, 1.2.50,000 s,|. m. ■I'nini/,!. 
 linn, 130,000,000. 
 
 Ami, of Fartln'rlndiri, 020,000 s.]. Ill ---/•„,,,//,/ 
 linu, 12,000,000. 
 
32 
 
 ■JTliKICSTAN, AICHAMSTAN AM) UKI.OOCHISTAN.-l.KUSIA.-ITMK l:v. 
 
 India i 
 
 '■'iiiiiinscstwo lar,i;i>]MMiiiisiil;iss(iulli 
 "' '^^'•'^ lliiulodsl.iii ;ni,l K.'.rllirr India r.ls,. 
 '■alli'il Iii(l.).(;i,iua ami India l.cyond lli,. (lan-cs. 
 ■•'. Tli(> priiici|ial luouulaiii ciiains arc liio 
 
 ; >y"*t<'nian(IW..slcni(;iianlsaii,llli,. Ihinalayas 
 , Tlii«Gaiigt<s, Indus, and Canijiodiaaie ih,; lar'Vsl, 
 
 I /vrrr.s'. " 
 
 ^ :i The nivatrr jiart (if India Indnn-s In 
 I KiiKl.iiid TIk) ollwr iH-lly slates mo govern, d 
 
 I ''>' 'l''*^! - ^'''H'ly all 111,, inlialiifaiils an> 
 
 j itldlaliM's 
 
 i lis cliniair is c.xci'sslwly warm, ('M',.^,t in 
 IliiMiiounlaiii ivgions.wliich arc l<Mn]H«ral.., Tliu 
 'lii-'l' pnxhK'ls arc ric.>, collon, inOi-o, su-ar, 
 silk, I'^^c. Diamonds arc found in liio luomikiiii 
 defiles. 
 
 •">• India is iioj,.,! I'or |1„. Hanyaii tree, whose 
 I'l.niclics -row downwards ami lake rool, a-ain, 
 so Ihal one Ircc may produce a whole foresi 
 
 »!. C'llni!/,,, pop (iKi.lKli), capital of Hnidooslan 
 -//(^'■. pop KID.OOO. ,,|,,i|,.,l of Cochin China — 
 Muulrlnj^ capital of niniiah, and lltu.ihnh capital 
 of Camljodia are the clii(>f (•iti(>s. 
 
 I.i:ssoN lAII. 
 
 TURKESTAN. AFGHANISTAN. AND 
 BELOOCHISTAN 
 
 .l/r<(, I.OllO.OdO s,| u\.--Po/n/la/ion, i •J,r)0().()(l(l 
 I- Turkestan, or lndcp;Midanl Tarlary, is 
 situal.Ml W. of China. Most, .d' the inhahitanis 
 arc Iiuutei's or slie[ilierds and lead a waiidcnn- 
 life, iiowever, a -ood nnmher Kvo in the cilics 
 — «c/,7(^n'«. pop. |,-.(Ui(io, and S,i»),nl;,(n<! niv {ho 
 pi'incipal ciiies. The chief mannractuiv is silk 
 Coinnicrce is carried on hy means of car/ivaiis. 
 - Afghanistan ami Beloochistan Jie- 
 ionged formerly to I'crsia. Thi- snrl'ac,. (,| Af- 
 jjhanislan is a suci'cssion of mnnntaiiis, valleys, 
 and hi-h lahle-laiids ; while that .n l!cloocliist"aii 
 consists of rocky and sandy deserts. 
 
 i ;t. TIk! raisin- of caiHe couslitulcs llie w, allli 
 
 1 of till! connlry. 
 
 i i. Till' riavcrninriit of Imlli i.s if'spclic The 
 
 ! lylhjion is Malioinelaiiism. 
 
 Cahul^ pop. GO.OOn, is the capii.d of Af-hanistaii 
 and A<A//, pop. |.-,.(i(in, ih.n of li,.l,Hichistaii, 
 
 I-i;ssoN lAlll. 
 
 PERSIA. 
 
 • Ic'w, 'i7'),()l)il, s((. in- I'iipu/,i/ln„, !»,(il)0,()PO 
 I Persia is situated east, of Turkey; it is 
 dnersilied l,y dusters of hills and chains of 
 inoimtains, with exlensive salt and sandv 
 deserts. 
 
 ~ A -reaLpart. of llieinliiihii.iiils le.id wander- 
 in- lives and live in tents. 
 
 3. Its -overmucnl. is despotic, the soveivi-u is 
 styled the S/,ak. The prevailin- reli-ioi, is^Ma- 
 lionielauisiu. 
 
 ■'». In the north, its r/im,iO- is cool and moi-,| ■ 
 ■nthc centre it is siihject to exlreiucs; and iii 
 •he south hot and nnhiNilthy. Its ,so,7 i, iVrlilc 
 prodiK'cs wheat, rice, cotton, sn-ar, and dilfemii 
 sorts of fruits. 
 
 i") Trltrraii, pop. 85,000, is the jire.srnt ci; 
 -hpiihuii was the ancient caiiilal. 
 
 fii:sson I, XIV. 
 TURKEY IN ASIA. 
 
 il:|l. 
 
 • i/vw, i;i;',i.o(io sipiii. i'ni,iii,i/irii, lo.ufio (id'i 
 I. Turkey in Asia, fomieriey .i.s/,, m,inr. is a 
 
 part oflhe Ollomau Kmiiir,' and tl i,,st west 
 
 erii country in ,\sia. 
 
 0. Its jwputiilioii is composi'd of .lews, (livid.s 
 Turks and Aral),;. ' ' ' 
 
 :!.^ Its r/orfriniiriii aa,l n//;//,,:, are th.' s.ime as 
 I ill Tnrki'y m I'hiropc 
 
 I i. This country pivsenls a vari,.|v of ,•//,/,„/,■ 
 
 I II.- .'.■// is fertile, hut cultivation is ne-lecled ; 
 
 111" jiroilui'ls are the fmits ami -rains' of leiii- 
 
 perato climes, cotton. Idi.nvo. ami the poppv, or 
 
 opium iilant. 
 
 5. Pulrstiiif , uv [Uo Holy-Land, is lli,. conutrv 
 winch was the scene of nearly all (he events, iv- 
 corded in the Holy Scripture ; Brtlilrhnn, wl'iere ' 
 Jesus Christ was horn; iV,/;a/77/i, where He j 
 lived, and Jmisalnn, wln're He was put to death I 
 
AnAIIIA.— ArillCA. 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 arc roiuid Immv. Tlic I),m,1 Sci is situated in ijiis 
 fninilry. It is sii|,|„isr,l l,, cover liie sites of the 
 eilies ol' S()(]i)iii ami (iiiiiiorrlia. 
 
 li .*>''»'//'■"", is llieiiniicipai port. Theniing of 
 llaiilll,,,! and Niiiirr are df Ihe -realest inleresi ; 
 Tiirr and Siilon, fornieily renowned Inr ijieii' 
 '■"""""I'''''- ■■"''•• 'd jHvsenl. (,nly small viila-rs. 
 
 Li:ssi,N LXV 
 
 ARABIA. 
 
 I'"', I,--.'(II),(III()mi in. /'n/;)(/,///r//(, S.liniMlfiO. 
 I. Arabia is a iieninsnia in scnilli wi'slern 
 Asia: it is noled for ils .i^reat deserls and ils 
 want of iierinaiii'iit rivers. .Mniiiit .s/„„/ js 
 situated at Ihe head of Ihe Red Sea. 
 
 2. Tli(! Ar.abs, descendants of Isinacd, are 
 divided iiilo faiMili(>s, or Irihes. 'l'h(> inhahilanls 
 id Ihe deserl. called IJeduuins, lead a roviu- life 
 and live 111 liMds The Araliian horses are" (i in; 
 ainnials, they are Irealed hy their masters as 
 nieiuhers of Ijie family, (lamels an; used .as 
 heasis of hurdeii. 
 
 ;i. Ils vtiinnlr. IS hot and dry; vim\ is rarely 
 seen except on Ihe mountains. lis soil is ferlile 
 on the ciKist of the Red Sea. liiil Ihe rest of the 
 country is sterile. The prodncls of Arabia are 
 eotl'ee, dales, indi.iro, spices, gum arable, etc. 
 
 i. MuM'iit is a ilonrishin- cily.— .lAyra is re- 
 markable as haviii- been the liirlli-place id' 
 Maiiomel, ii is Ihe holi/ ci/t/ ;\\u\ [ilaci; of pilniin,. 
 age for liie Mahonielaiis. 
 
 I.KSSUN lAVI. 
 
 AFRICA. 
 
 ■b''W,!l,()08,ll()0, i^q.m.— nnp. 9C,-2il ,000. 
 I Africa, IS one of the five gn;at divisions of 
 the globe and forms a part of Ihe Old World. It 
 is siiualed soiilh ol Ktirope, from whicli it is 
 sejiarated by Ihe .NbM'ilerranean, and sonlh-west 
 (d' Asia lo wiiich il is joined by tiio Islhmus of 
 Suez. In Iho north is the Sahara desert, Ihe 
 largest in Ihe globe. 
 
 .\mmai..s or .VriucA. 
 
 ■~. The slal; > of Africa are generally of small 
 exieill ; Ihi' r/.ic/ ,-,/);l''///\ are despolic The r</i 
 ,'/''"", ill lie' iMiiih is M.ili<iiii('lani>in, in Hp' 
 "llier |lar[^ idolalry. 
 
 ;{. Owing lo ils Iiuriiiiigc////((//r, and ils waul 
 of bays and navigable rivers, Ibis counlry has 
 never been wlndly explored, ami inui'li ot lie' 
 interior is eiilirely unknown. 
 
 '». 'I'ho iioilh only is inliabiled b\ wliilis. Ihe | 
 oilier parls ;ire peopleil jirinci]ial|y by llii' ; 
 negroes. 
 
 ■). Ils .so// is Hull' cullivaled. bill llh' natural 
 produclsare \arious and luxurious Tlii'prin ; 
 cipal are ivory. g(dd iliist found in lie' rivers, ; 
 and oslri(di feathers. | 
 
 (1. The vegetable |iroduclioiis are the ,L:igaiili(! 
 iiaobab teak, ac.acia, mangrove, eiiony, cocoa- ! 
 nut, date, and oil palm. i 
 
 7. Tile most I'emarkable aiiim.ils are, Ihe lidn, ; 
 rhinoceros, hippopotamus, -iralfe, ami ele]iliaiit | 
 More than sixty si)ecies (d' Ihe aniilopes have ' 
 been discovered in Africa. Serpeiils are niniier ' 
 ous in lli(! forests, and cnn'odiles in Ihe rivers. 
 Insects are exceedingly numerous, maii\- of 
 them, as the ant ami locust, are vi'iv deslriicli\e. 
 
34 
 
 lUIU.AnV.~K,IV,.r.~Nr.;,V am. AnVSSIN,A.-,;AST,:,.X .VFUICA. 
 
 Lksson LXVJl 
 BARBARY. 
 
 •I'"'. Ot.',(i(iO sq 111. ■l\,i,iilalio,t, l.vOO,(J(,l(l 
 , 1- BarbaryisMliiatcd iiorlln.CAriicji lM.nl, T- 
 ,111,^ oil 111,; Adaiitic and McditoiTaiicaii ; ii 
 ! tliTivt>.s ilsiiaiiu; n..iii U,,. Ihrbcvs^ lli,; „ri-iiial 
 I iiihaljilaiilsof 111,. cHiiiirv, wlioso doscciidaiiK 
 slill iiihahii 111,,. Alias Mi.iiuts, wliicli travrs,. 
 I llio wli,,l,. ,„i,„iry Tliii Klak's are >[..n..vo. 
 1 Al;^eiia, 'rums anil Tripoli. 
 
 i.'. Til,. .l/,»,;,s' iiihalnt Ihu towns and villaucs, 
 llio Ar'i!.s I,.a,l a -,van,li!.'ing lif,,. Tiios,; tn'lu.s 
 were, rur-Moim Um,., 111,.' h.iTorurmariiiin's, liv 
 llicir imvicii's. 
 
 :i- In 111,, iiiiwj. ;;sr//w«/ris(>.\,vll,'nl an, I lli,. 
 Aw/l.n.diK'llve; all llio grains and fniils of Kn- 
 I'opo aiv niUivat.'d. 'lli,. kvilh.-r ul' Murocc,.. 
 I <"ilk.d mnnw,',), is lli,j iirindp;,! arlicl.' (.r Irado. 
 j 4. Til,, cajiilal ,d' radi staU; bi'ars llio sani,. 
 I i>ain,.as!|.,^slal,; //„,•,■„ ;„,d Fczzan l.-donu lo 
 j Iiilinh, Alui.lia is a FnMichcoloiiy sin,',. |,>^M(). 
 
 ! cssux f.WTlI 
 
 EGYPT. 
 
 • l/v^. ISO.dllO s,]. iii._/\,/,„/„/;.„^ 0,'JI },()(J0. 
 '• Egypt is sitiialcd on Ilk Mi'ditoiTanean in 
 lli^ n,.rlh of AiVica. Us primiiiv,. Iiislorv is 
 ,!^iv('ii in tli,> Hihl,.. 
 
 ■-'. Til,! coniilr\ is rendered rerlil,. l,y th,. 
 .| .iniiiiai ovcrllow oi' Hi,- Nil,. 
 ': ^ ;i. Mosl or !h,. inhabilanls are of Arahir 
 y'^^iviU ; the reinaiiider are Copts, Turks, 
 v;re,'ks, .lews, et,; 
 
 _ ■'>. This .•oniilry siil.j,.,.t to Turkey, isgoverne<l 
 . I .>y a Pasha. Th,. prevailing rdUjion is Mahom- 
 : ,' ctaiiisiii. 
 
 ■■ I .X lis clnnalr is extremely warm. lis soil pro- 
 'lii'vs ric.., grain, cotton, sugar, indigo, tol.aeeo, 
 ami Ike iiuilkerry-tree. 
 
 ti. Egypt IS iamons for its antiquities, 111," 
 iwiiis of whicii are found at the present day, llie 
 prmoipal of wliieh are tlio pyramids, obelisks. 
 
 colossal statues of men and aiiiinals, aii,l nia.'iiKi- 
 ^■i'n{ temples. 
 
 ■•(/'/.-., po,,. •miMlo, th,. ,.,pilH, is hnill oil 
 llle .\lie.— .|/r,r,„),/,vV,, pop |,S|,()(IO, is ih,. princi- 
 ',''■'' •■'""""''rial |,.wn.-iy/./,.,s'. .•onlaiiis many 
 lai < ruins. 
 
 l>i:ss,.N i,\!\, 
 
 NUBIA AND ABYSSINIA. 
 
 _ Amu of Nuhia, ;i;'(l,nn() s,,. m --/'./.,,/„//„., 
 •>"<>,00(); of Ahyssinia eSlMIOOsipio^/V*'/.//.., 
 
 1. Thes,. two c.unlries are situated sonlli (.f 
 I\uypl an,l are wa.-,li,.,| l.y the Red S,.a, .•ui,| hv 
 llie .\ileand its allluents. 
 
 -l Ahyssinia is inouutainoiis, hut verv IVrtile. 
 Nubia eunsists of sau,ly des,.ils inhahil.Ml by 
 Arabs, who rear givat uunil„.r of .'altle. imdu,]. ' 
 iiig sheep and goats. 
 
 •k Their ,7()(V'/v(..K'/// a-e,l,'spoiie. 
 
 i. The r///.(,(/(' of Nubia is hot ami ,lrv. but 
 
 lii'.-ihhy;ilialofAbyssiiiiaisinil,lan,lagr,vabl,. i 
 These connlries i,rodu,v bark'y, eoiioi^ indi-o" ' 
 lobaeco, coiree, i^^e.. i<vc. 
 
 (k KItarlotiin is Ihe eajiilal of Xuliia.-^;,,/,,/,,,. 
 that of Abyssinia. 
 
 Lesson LXX. 
 
 EASTERN AFRICA. 
 
 I- 'I'his division eomprisos ;i slrip of eonntrv 
 •'M(Mi,ling about 3,000 miles aloii- lli,. ,^ast coast 
 of Afri,'a. Very liitl,. is known of Ihe int,.rior ' 
 of lliis region; th,. ,'oast is goui'ivillv flat, and in \ 
 some places marshy. 
 
 2. Th,. climalc is hot and uiihrallhfnl • ih,. soil 
 fertile. 
 
 ^ ;k llrrhrra, or Ih,. eomilry of llio SowoHs, is 
 S-K. of Abyssinia. The capital is Dirbrra. 
 
 ■I. y.uiKjmlmr is south of Uerbera ; a great 
 conimerceofgold, ivory, and sl.iv.-s. is carrie.l 
 on; capital '/.anzlhar 
 
 b. Mnzamhiqite belongs to Porlug;il : 'ipiial 
 Mozaiitbu/ui\ 
 
SOUTIIEnx, WESTKnX AND CICNTIlAr. AIllICA. 
 
 35 
 
 0. Calfnivia is iiilialtitcd ]iy savago tribes.— 
 NaUtl and parts of CaflVaria aro Englisii ooloiiios. 
 
 7. .Widagascar is a lai'^^o island S-E. of Africa, 
 sp[.aiatod from leira firma or tiio main-Iand, l)y 
 Uie Mozamiiiijiio Ciianiipl. Tniumnrim is tlio 
 <:ap:tal. TIk; islaiulors aio called Malayaclwrs, 
 or Mabjnvhcrs. 
 
 LicssoN LXXI. 
 
 SOUTHERN AFRICA. 
 
 1. Southern Africa e.xiends to ihi! sduih of 
 Klliiopia and comjirises Capo Colony and many 
 oilier districts; it is diversified with lofty 
 monntains, elevated plains, and arid tracts of 
 desert. 
 
 'i. Tlie iniialiitanls are composed of British 
 settlers, Dntcli farmers, llotteiildls, a. id GalTres. 
 
 3. Oran/^e /(nrr lioimds it on tln' \ and tlic 
 Snow Mountains traverse it. 
 
 4. Its ciintatc is temperate and agrecalile, ils 
 soil fertile ; the products are collon, su-ar, colfce, 
 indigo, tobacco, etc. 
 
 0. Cape Colony belongs to Kn-liuid ; it is an 
 important [dace for the ships in tiie East India 
 trade. 
 
 0, Ciipr. Tuini is the capital ; the iniiabitanls are 
 nearly all English or Diitcii. 
 
 LivssoN LXXI I 
 WESTERN AFRICA. 
 
 1. 'I'liis ivgiiin ('mbraces many slates, princi- 
 pally Guinea and Seuegambia. 
 
 2 These connlrn^s are remarkable for great 
 fertility and luxuriant vegetation. The greaicr 
 part of the surface in undnlaling and mountain- 
 ous. In Upper Guinea and Senegambia, it is 
 low and swampy to a considerable distance 
 inland. 
 
 3. Smcijambia, situated east of Soudan, 
 derives its iianK^ from its great rivers Senegal 
 and Gamliia. 
 
 i. The inhabitants an^ principally Negroes 
 wiio live 111 a s,ivag(> condition under despotic 
 governments. The Europeans are ('slablishcd 
 along the coast. 
 
 5. llsrlimiilc nn the coast: is liol and uuIkmIiIiv, 
 especially to strangers; in the inti'noril is niui(' 
 salnbriou.s. 
 
 G. Giii/ii'a e.xiends from Seiic;,%-unlii;i Id Hi,. 
 River Nourse, and is divided into two parts, l.'pin'r 
 an(l Lower Guinea. The principal stales of Upper 
 (iuinea are Ashantee ami Dahomey In Lower 
 Guinea and Portuguese cidouies of (^miuo 
 Angola, and Benguela. 
 
 Lesson LXXIIL 
 CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 I Soudan is dividi'd inio a vast uumlier i,f 
 petty states only partially known, but dii.'eriuy 
 widely in magnitude, population, and characlei'. 
 It is a highly fertile region with a diversified 
 sni'face and a hot rlimalr. 
 
 3. The inhabitants are principiilly Negiors, 
 said to bo more civilized Hian those of thi; W(.'st' 
 
 ri. Tho Sahara, or Great Desert, is a vast table- 
 land, covered with rocks, sand, and salt, Its 
 sl(>rility is due to the almost total absence (,!' 
 rain. 
 
 4.1ns'-.'ae places the springs form sorts of liiile 
 isles called Of/s(4', they are carefully cultivated 
 and produce dates and a few other products. 
 
 5. Gum-arabic is obtained from the acacia tree ; 
 salt, from the mines, and ostrich feathers an" 
 llie chief articles of exportation. 
 
 0. The southern jiart has been visited by l)r 
 Livingstone who represents it to be a fertile 
 plain. 
 
 7. The sources of tli(> Nil,, have b,>en r ntly 
 
 discovered on the great plateau of Cenlral 
 Africa. 
 
36 
 
 OCKAMA.— .MAr-.VV.siA.— ArSTIlAL.VSI.V. 
 
 Kkssiin IAXV. 
 OCEANICA or OCEANIA. 
 Oceanica cMniia-ixs ,il| ih,. i>i,iii,|., ,,|' ii,,, 
 
 l'.l''ili'-(l(v;iii,;i,„l is-.||,.|';illy (livi.lp.l illlotliiv,. 
 |i;irls : V,'l,ii/si,i. Anslnilnsiu. I'i,h/,irsi>i.— 
 I'-'" t.:.S(;,8iill s(]. m.~l>niml.i/mii. 3-.>,275.()(l(l. 
 
 Amm.m.s of Oci;.\m\ 
 
 I.KSSON lAXVI. 
 
 MALAYSIA. 
 
 Arr,i , 7(i;),siiilsi|. m.— /'(V'"/'^//i)/i,-.'S,8r)l),llllO. 
 
 t- Malaysia lii's wlmlly in Ihc ToiTid zone 
 •iii'l cininiiiscs iiijiiiy isl.iiids, lli,« principal ol' 
 wliich ■•iiv Hnrnco, Sinn;ili';i, .lava, Celebes. tli(> 
 l'luli[.iiin(- Islands, llie Molucas, or Snice 
 -Islands. 
 
 l This (liNisi.in was call. ■(] Malaysia. IVoin llic 
 lad Ihat llic -ivalcr nnnil«r id' llic iiiliahilanis 
 arc Malays. 
 
 :i. lis c//;,.ia/, is hill bill h'alililu! iwivpt on llic 
 lowcoasls. The principid iirodiii'l'(jns arc sn^vir, 
 I'aniphur, jicppi'r. nn(nic,ys, ^,c. 
 
 i. The Handa Islands aiv -iv mi .almost cxcln- 
 sivcl)' to Ihc cidli\ali(in of nnhncps. Tiio chief 
 iiiincr.ils are dinmom.s yold, and iron. When 
 
 Hiidcr the inllnencc of opinni, Ihc people arc 
 very crmd, Ihey soniclinics remain in Ihc pnhlic 
 ways and kill all Ihey mccl. 
 
 .-). n^ihiria, on Ihc l>lc of ,|;,va. is Ihc capital 
 
 "I'lhc I)Ml(dipo,sscssions.--.l/,v;,,7/„. j,, ihcl'liilip- 
 
 piiie, is an inijiorlant cily. 
 
 (■'. The ,c;rcal(M' pan n[ ihc inhahiianis profess 
 liie(;alh(dic/v//,/w;, ; a considcrahle nnmher arc 
 sidl pagans. 
 
 Lk.sson IAWTF. 
 AUSTRALASIA. 
 
 Ami . ;i,-|2'i,0ri() s(p m.-l>optil„iioii, ^^JTd.dili). 
 
 I- Australasia comprises Anslralia, I'aim.i, 
 or \ew (Iniii-a, \cw Z'aland. and nianv of Ih.' 
 .•idjaccnt islands. 
 
 -• Anslralia, on a.a'.innl of ils iininen>c siz.-, 
 is id'Icn call, Ml a conliii.Mil. .V lew nmnnlain' 
 I'.-iii.^'es, of jilll,. elevalion. line Ih' .'oasl . Ihc 
 iii'i'i'ior is u,)l ninch known ami app '..rs lo h- 
 iioMiin.ij; bnt a vast sli«ril(> plain 
 
 :!. Th.« natives belong lo the Iribis ofOricnl.il 
 negroes; tlicy arc very ignorant. 
 
 ■i. U^ climate, in gcn.-ral, is salnlirioc>, \Uriv 
 fire very fertile plains on Ih.'sonlh and cast, bul 
 ,trold mining occnj.ies the traders more than 
 ■■|gricullnr(\ 
 
 ."•. The reniarkabl.> aninials are Ihc oraii; 
 ontang, kangaroo, bhudv swan, lyre-bird, .V. 
 
 (). Si/,lnn/ IS Ihccapilal. Mdhourw is Ihc gold 
 region and capital .d' \'ich)ria dislri.'t. 
 
 7. Tiismania, or Va,} Dinunrs Liiid, is an island 
 sonlhof.\nslralia. lb,' inhabilanis r(>ar a gr.'at 
 nnmher of shci'p ami olhcr jlo.'ks. 
 
 8. Nnv Zralaii,/ consisis of lhrci> islamls. Us. 
 surface is mouulainons, ils cliwatr, agreeable, 
 nnd soil ferlile. The forests abonn.l in ship- 
 timbor. ' 
 
 ». Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand i 
 bdong lo England. 
 
ror.YNi:siA. 
 
 37 
 
 #a 
 
 ii^ - ■■-■ 
 
 Mkluourne. 
 Lksson LXXVIl. 
 
 POLYNESIA. 
 
 Arm . '^'lIMliill sq. 111. -/'ii/w(/'(//„;(, Sj'./KiO. 
 
 I. Polynesia, •• Hi" iv-iou of many islands," 
 I'liiniuisi's all llic islaiuls (if llic I'acilic not ui- 
 I'luilcd ill Ilic (ilJitT Iwo divisions ; it is llio 
 lar^'(>sl pari of Oceania. 
 
 ■2. Many of Ihosc islands aro llio work of lilljo 
 iiisiTls llial foiiii cilcaivons lodnin^rs for tlicin 
 s.'lv.s tli('.,(' aiv aft(M'\vards coviTcd willi sand 
 •■iiid iiiariii • h i-iis, a:i(l in this inaniicr lirronir 
 lial'ilalilc 
 
 ;i. Till' inhaliilaiilsof these islands nre Afalavs 
 a'ld I'lnroiiean culonists. 
 
 1. The Saiidwirh Isl.mds form the priiiri|,;ii , 
 .uronpaiu! are (he li;.st known; liiey arein the line j 
 of comnieire helweeii North America and r^hiiia, I 
 •Hill ;nv oft, Ml visili'd hy Kii^'lish and Anierii-aii" 
 vessels. 
 
 :>. Th ' Snrir/i/ Islaiuls are reniarkahle for llicir 
 li'anty and fertility. 
 
 i\. The I'aroliiw Islands aiv an iininrnsi' f.r.ni|i 
 of which we know vei^y little, it is said their 
 inhahilanls are ahle navi;,'alors. 
 
 7. The inhahitanls of lh,> FririfU,/ Islaiid> arc 
 "•ililand allahle allhon-h ferocious in appear 
 :\Ufi'. 
 
 S. 'llw Mnrr/ursas Islands belon.Lr to KraiMv ; 
 tlieir natives are said to he more finely forin.wl 
 llian any other l>olynesiaiis ; they are, however, 
 very ferocious. 
 
 CLIMATE OP THE DOMINION OP CANADA. 
 
 Till' i;liin;Ui' til'CaiMd.i is iicirly IIk^ s.imo a?; lli.if, of \or- 
 Wiiy, Swcdoii and SL. IM.M'^ijurg. Hulli (lie luMt nr.miiii- 
 mor and llio ccild of wiiili'r iirc iiin(!li fjivaici- tli,Hi in ili.' 
 cnn-csiiondiii!.' liil'iidi's of l-jirnix'. Tli" cliiii.il.M.I' \,iv,i 
 Scotia is f'xlivini'ly teinpcrale, considering iis wi'stcrn lati- 
 tndc. In IlalilUx and llic raslcrn conritncs tlio mercury 
 seldom rises in sniiimi'r aliove 8(i» in ilie sliadc, nnd in 
 winter it is not olien ilowii lo zero. In llie interior llio 
 winter is Jiliont tlie sann', lint tlie summer is consideraldy 
 warmer. Tlr' climate of New Hrnnswick is sulijocl lu 
 great exircme.s oriie.ii ,iiid cell! : tliu lliermomutcr somo- 
 timi's risiiit; to U)(l" dnriiii,' the day and falling in tlie fori'sl 
 during lliu iiiglit of the same day to oO". Still the climate 
 is cxceeilingly lieallhy and lavoralilo ui agricultural ojH'ra- 
 tions. The climate of Prince Edward Island is nuicli 
 
 milder than tliat of Nova Scotia or iVew Brunswick, and 
 is romarkaldy salntjrimis. Tim winter is long and cold. 
 Imt the Slimmer is eminently lilted for (he growth ofordi- 
 iiary cereals. Maniloha and the Saskatcln'wan connlry 
 liave the same summer tem|ieratiirc as tlio most fivored 
 parts of the St. Lawrence valley. The winter isolhennal 
 IS that lA- ymdiec. Tlie climate of Uriti.-,!! Columbia v.iries 
 according to the locality, owing princiiially to four caiiM.s 
 viz: greater or less distances from the vicinity <il ih.' 
 mountain regions, diirerencnin the nature and tli(M|ii,i:!iiv 
 of the vegeialilo growtli, and dilferencc of level. T!i- I uv 
 portions ..ear the sea and on Vanconvcr Islaiid luxe,, 
 moderate climate with a general range of IV. ,„ :(|. ,„ 
 winti'r, to ,S(J« in sitmmi'r. 
 
COMMERCE. (1) 
 
 CoMMEnci.; is tho oxrhmi-o of rortain colonial 
 (•oiiiiiioihli.'.s or mpiThniKliso. Tliore arc fwo 
 sorts of cominorro ; forcinn coriiniprcc, whicii is 
 i-mh-d oil l),.t\v..('ii coimtrios ; inland commfrre 
 which IS carried on in iho same- country. 
 (Ii'insit, commcrco is passage of goods through 
 a state for which they are not destined.) 
 
 By cxporhilion is meant tlio natural or manu- 
 factured productions tiiat a coiintrv fnriiislies a 
 foreign one, and impnrlrJhns is to bring from 
 foreign countries those productions which -.ve 
 have not in our own. 
 
 ImlKsln, is thi! art by wliidi man adapts to his 
 own wants tiie productions of nature. 
 
 COMMERCE BETWEEN CONTINENTS. 
 
 Pnnripal objects nfr.vclwnf/r bi'lwvni the ficc conli- 
 nrnls of the World. 
 
 Relative Importance.— EUROI'K, notwitli- 
 standing its small extent, but including the most 
 active and intelligent population of the globe 
 produces a quantity of merchandise superior to 
 any other continent, and it is a givat source of 
 commercial movement between all the parts of 
 till! world 
 
 Americv, liy its white population of Knropean 
 origin and rich natural productions, holds the 
 second rank. 
 
 ^ Asia is the third in order, on account of its 
 Chinese and Indian population who are very 
 laborious. 
 
 OcEAMA is tlie fourth in rank,by its DntcJi .nid 
 I'iiiglish colonies. 
 
 AritiCA, on ace t of its nnfavorabl(> [ihysical 
 
 f 'alnres and its thinly scattered population, bar- 
 barous and savage, holds the last rank. 
 
 Exchange takes place particularly bi'tween 
 
 ih.Vinoiif; till' pnwiM-s of iti(! worlit, sdvs Mr M'alsti 
 .111 liniiniMl.ii, plaop slioiiM 1)0 pivcn to commcrcr ■ ami 
 wli-ii cimt'il on wMli llijojity, it is, allor religion tjno of 
 ilM' iM'st means of civilizulioii. {Itccultcdions and wiwrs- 
 siuns 0/ voyaijes.) ' 
 
 England if(n- mon; than lim-thirds), France, (l.>r- 
 inany, IJelgium, lloUand on liie oiiu part, and 
 the L'nib.d States, Canada, China, the Indies 
 and Australia on the other. 
 
 E.xroHTATiu.N'.- Europe rxporls to forei-n 
 countries: '^ 
 
 !• Its mnntifdc/inrd proihirtinns: cotton, wool 
 silk textures, ready made .•lolhing, fancv wares,' 
 linen, furniture, ^c, articles of jewelrv : clock 
 vvorks, musical and drawing inslruments, objects 
 of art and .science and liiirary requisites. 
 
 2- Mbni'ntavij auhslnncrs : wines and spirits 
 ivrmed sugar, Hour, preserves, \c., ^^^c. ' 
 
 America exports : 
 
 I" Furs, potash, pearlasli, lisli, lumber and 
 petroleum oil, from Canada. 
 
 i" Collon, corn, Pour, Indian corn, ill, tobnrro 
 ••orned meat, gold, and prirulntm r2| from the 
 Liiiled Slates. 
 
 .'{" Silver from Mexico. 
 
 i" Colonial commodities (;]) Sw/nr, cotfee co 
 ••oa-nul ,i,. India-rubber (5i, d,p:wnod and ralim 
 icood from the Antilles and lirazil. 
 
 5' Wool, hides, dried meals from th,. \r„, „ i 
 tiue pampas. "^ j 
 
 (f Gold, copper, guano (fi) from IVni and 
 
 }■ '"dhn corn is a {.'raniineoiis plant of A,„ehra Invin.- 
 large ears, „n.lwlMdUo,.n,s tin. ;.ineipaln„:' -i'r:? 
 
 y Prirnhmn. or sl.me oil. is a snhst.ine,. res,.„,|,lin.Mir 
 or luuimen, .t is e.tracte.l partieiilarly fron. eoal fts. | 
 
 tabic pm,l„otions coming fron, colonies^ " ■"" "" '''"'■ \ 
 
 't. Cocoa, from wliieh olioeolale is nia.le is ||„. l,,. ,„ r„- 
 grain of tlio cocoa-nnt tree. '" "' 
 
 ■">. India-rubber or eaontelionc im.i «.,// / 
 
 M.hstanoes pro.lnee.! i,v tl • e sira , , .'^ ",""'"'','; '"'■ ''•"■" 
 extracted from several trees. ' " """^> J""'"' 
 
 . fi. Gunno is tho excrement of soa-bjrds whiel, i^ r, ,„ i 
 in consideralilo ,,uanliiv on llie v ,' ,,r ' . ' 
 
 counlrics. It is a„^^cellent mamn'e '""" ''"''"' 
 
il II 
 
 INTEncONTINENTAI. CO.M.MEIICE 
 
 39 
 
 Asia riiniislies 
 
 I •'■'I'lo'lv.-r, [*l.ili.ia(li, ilinmoihls, pivnuiis 
 '^Loiii'si'i, and 111,, (ill s;)flsil)..n,i I'll 
 
 2" 7V',/, ill, siilc (".,, silkworms' r-us and llir 
 silk-ooils IVoia CI. ilia and Jaiiaii 
 
 •> CuII.mmMi, .lyein^r dni-s,T,, ,,,, „s,, ,^,,,.,, 
 
 ""' "'"'"" ' 'vory. ,am.dw..od, pajuM ami 
 
 iionvlaiii IVoiii Cliiiia, lapaii, and India 
 
 4" Hrass fnnn. ra|ian,iH.arls (II) from (^.yN.n, 
 •■aslim.To slim, Is ,l;'i, no.us !,ai,- and nmsk ili) 
 Ivoni TIuIh.i. ' 
 
 .V Coirccilli, n„M, |i:,,, in,,.|,:M. ,ir,|, |.,„.al ,;:, 
 rmm Arabia and I'cisia. 
 
 J ■ J'Mmnl, a m.Ul Ufa, Ml ^y\u^o. ,t ,s ,•,„■,■ ,„„! ,„■,.. 
 '.'. Till' pnr/nii.i slonri eMi|.i(.vr,l i„ i,.\vi.|rv ai.' ll„. 
 
 ■I. /•'»/■ h;,rwj/iu,nnal, liv'n in ,>l,l counlrios, tl„.,,niiri. 
 
 I^il .nv llaMTnl|M,^ z,lM.|li,^i, „,arl,,^ wlHlH'.iN i„^^v'T Ac 
 u-l : ■'.'■"■.'■'''■; '^i s^lii'"!' always g.wii, whose K.au.s' 
 
 "=*'.■'! m.li,Ma,K„n:lan,l, an, I Amorica ^' """'' 
 
 a 'Y'i";'l''\!''''' P'''"liit-liuaol-llms.lk-\vunti wliicl, 
 I l'"':'-^ fill 111" hviv>.soltl„.|iiiillM.,Tvam. '''"-'lullji 
 
 '' Cnllo/n^ aflakydouM whirl, eiivelnpt-s (ho seel „r 
 
 Hca/.ilia„-woo,l an,l th,. n,ot of th,. „,a,Mc;, ['ochi„ cal s 
 Iiniiliiccil hy an insect. '-■utimaai in 
 
 8. /f'V'Ms thc-f,r|.;,i„ofn jj,,,|,„|np^, I ciiltivatpilin 
 
 i';Thrch:i:l,;:i]^;;i;r^ --;it.i,...hc"i:^i;i 
 
 !l. Ih.. v;,„r.j arc |».;)/),., , the sec! of ihc i„.|,|„.r-lrcP 
 
 l"i'l><il Uic clo\(Mrcu; cinna.inn, lh> haik ofthcrimn 
 iMon-troc : ranjlhi. the |„„l ofiho ^anilla-trco ''" 
 
 P..m-,tea^jfii;'"'^ "'''^''^^'•'' '-"'•'-''-' ''Hhc 
 II. /V«r/ IS a substance |.m,Ince,I in certain sea shrlh 
 . \2. aslniure s/hiwI.s, like the French shawls I hi'li 
 nval tlie,n are ma,le wiih the pnats hair oCThih,' t 
 
 1.. Atisk is an aromalio i.roiluctiun niniishcl ),y ti,c 
 iniisk-stag in India. ' "5 '"t^ 
 
 14. Oi/fW is the stone of Iho coiTee-lree fruit a shnil, 
 en l.vate.l parlienlarly in Brazil ami the In.lies ' 
 
 baJu'riah! t^ir"" -'-^"-'^^'^-" com^s Auni the 
 Ifi. /mv7,.s. is a species of resinensan.l oiloiiferous enm 
 , 17. Itrd coral i^ a calcarons snh>tanco iiro.lnce,! Iv 
 I sma I marine animals called pol\ pes. I,, the \vn n Jnl 
 I ul Oceania a mi.lt.luae of rc4/^nh.marino c ra " «S 
 I and islets arc likewise formed hy i>oly|)cs. 
 
 C' Im;^^, raisins, raipcls frDin Mnvina, D.i 
 "lascuH sword Madcs, tobacco, ..nvcs , IS, l.^rlirs 
 '■'■oiii Turkey in Asia ; spon-vs, li»i IVoni I'lir ,',,asl 
 ol Syria 
 
 Africa rnrnislics 
 
 I" MarM;. i,uii. and the carlv frniN nf 
 Al^^cna. 
 
 ■•.'■■ Cocoa-nnls ,.'(i, and Madeira wines 
 
 ;{' l*alm-oil ('ill, earlli niils(-".'i from Sene-al 
 
 'i' Ostricli feathers, ivory r-':!i. and dal.s ,-.'ii, 
 
 from Satiara .iiid Soudan 
 .V Co/to,,, corn and (jiini from Koypt. j 
 
 <>■ Woo! and hides from ('ape Colony j 
 
 T" Sugar ,'r.), eolTe.., and vanilla ironi the 
 
 lioiiiboi, and Manritins Isl.inds 
 
 Oceania rnrnisiius 
 
 I 0<>l,l, copper, cattle, wool, and fhmr lioin 
 Anst'alia and other Knglish eolonies 
 
 t Culonial cnmmodilirs c.dlee, sii-ar, indi-o, 
 and si.ices from Java and the Molniras ylhUvk 
 possessions); pcwlei IVum Hraiica. and ri-ars 
 from Manilla. " 
 
 IS. The nhrc-lire is a small tree, (ho fnnt ol vvi,i,.i, : • 
 I'liil.y ; .1 contains a stone, and gives oliveloil '" 
 
 l>JL'*'r"''''- "* '^ '■"''>■ !'"'■""« siibslan,:e ji j, p,od„ced 
 hy small marine animals ' loouci n 
 
 30. rnron-nuls are large fnnts with shells, milkv „r„ 
 iliieed liy tlio jialm-cocoa-trco, - ' ' ' 
 
 'inns I J , "° '''•''■'■' ' " l'™"'"-cs wine, ..alin- 
 01. , nuns ilates and cocoas. . i """ 
 
 are oij!" ''"'"'■"'" '' " "■"''''"" '''""^ l"« «'^^"'^ '^' "lii''!' 
 '■;T Irori/ is the substance of the elephant's tusks 
 '^1 Pnlfs are ihe juicy fruit of a kind of palm-tree 
 
 beet. I'Oiojt, sngai is obtained from llp! 
 
40 
 
 INTEnCONTlNENTAf, COMMEIICi:. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 I. Cniiip.'ir.'itivi' sliitislics 111' llii' cmnriicrci^ i)( scvituI 
 Aiin'rir.iii sljiti's, lakiiis CmkkIu as lljc liiisis, mid siip- 
 pcsiiif; it |,> h,' of $1,000; we shall liavi' • tlii' IJnilr,! 
 Stales, .'i, .■,()(), M,.\i.;o250, Oiilral America, on , Antilles 
 1,001) , Iv'iiaiJDr, 3.".; Peni, S.'iO . FJuiivia, r.O ; Chill. 'JCO ; 
 l,a Plata, •^")l) ; Paraguay, 20 , Urii^fiuiy, HO. 
 
 '.'. The iiriiihiclidit ofcii/fir on tin' f/luhe is almiit 'i.OIIO,- 
 001) liat,'s oC'JOl) |i(iimilseaeli, the haU'cjl' which is niriii>hei| 
 liy Mrazil , tin' other cmiiitries whieli |iroi|iioe ji. mv ,lava, 
 Ceylon, Iliiyli, an.l otiier Antilles, Manriliiis, neinlion. 
 Arabia, Abyssinia, Ac. 
 
 ;i. Priiiliirtion of siiijar in \^nr,.—r:i»''Siiijiir- Cuba, 
 1, 000 millions (il'iHjnnds, English Antilles, :!00m. , rreneli 
 Antilles and Donrbun, 200 m. ; .lava, 2(10 m. ; Brazil, 210 
 111, ; United States and others, 400 m.—llnl sidjar : Kranee, 
 .100 in ; Germany, .300 in. , Austria, 120 m. ; Belyiimi, .^0 
 
 m. ; others, 200 m.— Total, about 1,000,01)0 |ioimds of 
 
 which Cuba alonn ir.jdiicos oiiii-roiirth, Canada [iroili s 
 
 |.s,000,Oi)0 ).oiindsufnia'ile sn^Mr, 
 
 1. Tlvf— China uxports 100, 00'), 000 |iuuiids ulli'ii, whe h 
 it sells abont 10 cents p'r puiin,!, aiiil whii'li is sold at 
 liornlon 10 ci'nts. The hni,'li>h coii-^nme one-hall of it, lln' 
 .Vrnericans oiiofuurth, anil llie oiher lonrlh b\ ihe ir>t ol' 
 lOiirope. 
 
 ."). Tiiharm. — The (.'onsiniiption id tobiiceu is snpiiosed to 
 be four billions III ponndsprodnced by ll\e millions ul acres 
 of land , Ihe United Stales, Manilla, ilavanah, Tin key and 
 Persia eive the liesl .Moro than S'^OO.OOO.OOO are evpcaded 
 in narcotic, in the wi rhp tobacco, opinni, be|e|, Ac 
 
 t'l. Annual iirnilitrlion <//' ./oA/ ■ — Calirornia rnrnishcs 
 100 millions dollars , Aiislraha, 00 ni. , the Ural and 
 Altai mnnnlains, 10 in. , Mcmc . 1 m. . .\ni|e-^, 1 m, 
 Hritish Columbia, 1 in. . .MVic.i, '.'A in.— Tnl.il abonl .'oo 
 niilliiais ofiloll.ars 
 
 POPULATION of the principal CITIES 
 
 Moiilival, gc 1()7,-2J.') 
 
 QiKiLoc, Qc ... rj;i,()!)i) 
 
 Toi'oiito, Out .jO,{)!)2 
 
 llalifa.x, N-S -^'.Ji.'jiS-i 
 
 St-John, N-IJ CS,H()r) 
 
 Hamilton, Uiil -JG,"!!) 
 
 Ottawa, Out il,')^, 
 
 Loiitloii,()iit l.^S-Jt; 
 
 Kingston, Out |-:,407 
 
 Bi'anll'ofd, Out..... 8,107 
 
 Ste-Ciitliorino, Out 7,804 
 
 Tiiroe Rivoi's, Qc 7,570 
 
 Hollcvillo, Out 7, 30,5 
 
 Giielph, Out (j,878 
 
 Levis, Qc (;,G0! 
 
 Fie(lericloi),N-B G,000 
 
 (^iiathaiii. Out 5,873 
 
 Sorcl, Qc 5,G;!G 
 
 Port IIopi', Ont 5.114 
 
 niockvilli', Out 5.102 
 
 Hiiil, gc 5!ooo 
 
 Moncton, 'i.'.lOO 
 
 Slii'i'brooke, Qc 'i .500 
 
 Of the DOMINION OP CANADA, in 1871 
 
 I'l'll.'l'ljOI'Dllell, Oil! 
 
 Ooliouro;, Onl 
 
 Dariuoiilii, N-S 
 
 Slratl'ortl,Oal 
 
 Lindsay, Out 
 
 In,!,'cfsoll, Out 
 
 Sl-Hyaciiillii\(^i' 
 
 Wooilstock, Out 
 
 (jodcficli, Out 
 
 iJaiTit?, Out.. 
 
 Owon Sonnd, Out 
 
 Yaiinoiith, N-S 
 
 I'ictoii, NS 
 
 Oshawa, Ont 
 
 Diindas, Ont ... 
 
 St-Maiy's, Out 
 
 Bowmanville, Ont. . .. 
 St-Jolm Doi'ciiestcf, Qr 
 .lolictto, Qc. 
 
 Sidney, N-S. 
 
 Livofpool, N-'3 . 
 
 Chatliain, X-i;? 
 
 Chailoltetown, P.-E.-I 
 
 i.e. II 
 i,i'c2 
 
 i,i()0 
 
 4,;n:5 
 
 4,0'i!) 
 4,0-22 
 4,000 
 4,000 
 4,000 
 3,:i<J8 
 
 3,300 
 3,'200 
 3,185 
 3,1.35 
 3,120 
 3,034 
 3,022 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 7G00 
 
PRONUNCIATION 
 
 or 
 
 GKOGRAPJirCAL WORDS USED IN 
 
 THIS WORK 
 
 All ivpi-.'si'iils llic soiiii,! (,r« in 
 
 : Mi\'.>.iiiii i;ili-is-'ii,i'i'-ah). 
 
 I Ailri.iiic (,i,|.|-,..,ni ik|. 
 
 I Ar.'!i,ii,i-.| Ml (iilir--,ilin-i?-Ular). 
 
 Alrii'ii (jii'n'.kili). 
 
 Al.il'.irmi ('ii-,'i-hiilim;ih). 
 I Alliiiiiy i.i\sl lO-Ni';. 
 
 A!r.\;iiir!ii,i i.'il-i A-.i'iiilrn-nhi 
 
 A's-ria |'.l-M'iv-,i|i). 
 
 Aii'ii'i's (.ilil-irprz I. 
 
 All';:li.iii\ (.■il-|i>;.'i\- tiP) 
 
 Al;is(;il|,«). ■ ■ 
 
 Alliii inlii-ii ), 
 
 AiKm (,n«l Hull. 
 
 Aniii/,-iii (diiriili-i-rii:!. 
 
 Ain'i'ic.i iri-rni'i'i-k,ili). 
 
 Aiivnciis Vospiic. is(iili-iiiiVc'-ku 
 po'i slic-u.sl. 
 
 Am sifr-iliiin. 
 
 AiJil's (im'dizi. 
 
 Afi^''psc;i (firipfr i.spj 
 
 Aii,£;"lii (!inf,'-gi) lah). 
 
 Aii-nnp'ri-lis. 
 
 Aiil-.'ii'c lie. 
 
 Aiilillcs (dhn-lci'l). 
 
 Am wri-|i. 
 
 Aiionnini's ii\\i'rn-n\n/.). 
 
 Ar.-.hin (f1-rn\'li('rnli). 
 
 Airliipi.|iig(,'(,ii-ki'-|iclil-{?n). 
 Ariilic. 
 
 Ar?iMUiii(> (.•ii'Ji'ii-iivii) Coufedera' 
 
 Ari/.-inn (iir-u-zo'iiiih). 
 
 Ai'-kfin's.is. 
 
 A^li.iiitci' (.ihsli-alin-tC). 
 
 Asia ((ly'she-uh). 
 
 Aspiii-\vnll. 
 
 Allii'iis (iith'i'nz). 
 
 Allnnlii (dt-lniitali). 
 
 At-lan'tic. 
 
 Atlas. 
 
 Augiisla (a\v-?iis'(ah). 
 
 Austin (aws'lin). 
 
 AiiPtrahisia laws-tral-avshe-ah). 
 
 Australia (aws-li-ay lo-ali). 
 
 AiiRtiia (au!<ire-aJi), 
 
 B. 
 
 li.iliyldii ilial' c'-M'in). 
 Haliaiiia iliali-hay niah). 
 Balizo (l)a-lcrz'i. 
 Haltliiifin'' ilinwl'tf'.more). 
 liaiifror (hang j,'or). 
 Hirliary ihar lior-o). 
 Barra lliarkah). 
 Iiala\la (Ija-lay've-nii). 
 
 far : ay, of a in fal« : A, that of a in 
 o, of ill inoijft ; II, otii in pino ; 
 
 Raldn Finiicjf) (liat iin-nnizli i 
 Havana (Ija-vay'ir-al!). 
 Ri'linnt; aii-rinf,'!. 
 Hi'l^l-eUIfriil ll(0-|i,'ilc|.i...|.,.f.i 
 B-l-fasf. ■' 
 
 Hi>lf,'iiiiii (iH'rjp-uni). 
 
 n-kidfliisiai) .'/ii'l-oo I'liis-tahn' 
 
 B.Mi^'ufla (Iji.'n-gay lain. 
 
 Bit tie-ra. 
 
 Bi'r l)f'rs. 
 
 B.'i'lin. 
 
 B'TMi' {lorn). 
 
 B.'ilrlr-|,<.,n. 
 
 B.iiM:n;Tliain (birming-im). 
 
 Ilolit'iiiia (l^-lioino-ah). 
 
 Bokliara lin-kali rah). 
 
 l!iMi\ar (ho-levar). 
 
 Bolivia ibn-livo-nh). 
 
 BtM'di'aiix (Ixir-ilo'). 
 
 Bor ne-o 
 
 Biirnou ilior-noo'). 
 
 Bdston. 
 
 Bra-zir. 
 
 Briil;,-ftport. 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 Bi-nwnsvillo (brownzvil), 
 
 Bnissi'ls lliriisspizi. 
 
 Buddhism Ihond i/m). 
 
 Bimnos Ayrcs (ho nos ay riz) 
 
 BiirlinL'-toii. 
 
 fat: 
 I'l, III' 
 
 )■ 
 
 I', off ill 111"! 
 II ill tun. 
 
 '• "I'liniiino. I, ofiin pin, 
 
 lion. 
 
 Gahiil (kah-bool). 
 
 Call'raria ikaf-l'rayro-ah). 
 
 Cagliari ikalil yah-ro). 
 
 Cairo (kiro). 
 
 Calciitia (kal-kuttah). 
 
 Calpdonia (kAI-o-<lone-nh). 
 
 California (kal-e-forne-ah) 
 
 Callao (kahl-yaho). 
 
 Cambridpp (kamc brij). 
 
 Canada (kmi A-dah). 
 
 Cancer. 
 
 Candia (fcan de-ah). 
 
 Can-ton'. 
 
 Capo Breton (kape brit t'n). 
 
 Cape Horn. 
 
 Cape May. 
 
 Capri-corn. 
 
 Caribbean (kar-rib-be'an). 
 
 Gas-cade'. 
 
 Cattpgat (katte-s:at'). 
 
 Caucasian (kaw-kay'she an) 
 
 Celebes (sd'e-bes). 
 
 Ceylon (se'lon, or se-lown). 
 
 Champlain (sham-plane), 
 
 '■liarliillp i-har'li)l| Town. 
 
 Chc'sn|K\iki* (rliPsi-p. Pk) ' 
 
 CliiiMi;,) (.sht;-knwKi>i 
 
 Cliill (chii |c). 
 
 China iphiii.ihi. 
 
 Cmriiiiiiii: (.-ii|.si,|.,|,,( |,.| 
 
 C|p\plaiid (k;pov land,. 
 
 C'jhimliia iku-liiinb<'-ah). 
 
 Ciincord 'koiii,' kiird/. 
 
 CongoikoiiRgoi. 
 
 Comipclinit (kor.-npl p-kiil) 
 
 Coiisianlin(i|i|p ik(iii.,ci,,n-to-nop'li 
 
 (.oppiihagpn kn-i-.n-havch-ni 
 
 (.oi-dova (k .nl(i-vali) " 
 
 Cork. 
 
 CorsiiM 'korsp-kah). 
 
 Colnpaxi iko-ln-piixoi. 
 
 Ciliiina (kriin-pah), 
 
 Cuba 'kii liahi. 
 
 (.'urn her-laiid. 
 
 Czar (zar). 
 
 D. 
 
 njihoiMcv i.la/i-liiiinay). 
 Dakota ida-koldii. 
 Dalm.ilia idul-mav sliP-ahi. 
 Dannhp idaii yonlii, 
 Darl'iir idai'-l(ior |. 
 I)p|a\vare (del a-wirp). 
 Dponiark 
 r>e-troit . 
 Dnipppr (IIP ppri. 
 Dominica (doin-(Mie kuh( 
 Don. '" 
 
 Diihlin. 
 Diin-dpo' . 
 
 E. 
 
 Ecuador (pk-wah-dorp ). 
 
 Kdinhiir;,'h (cd m-liiir-ruh) 
 
 Egina (p-Ji nail). 
 
 Egypt (pppt). 
 
 KIba (p| bah). 
 
 England iingglaiidi. 
 
 Equator (p-k\vav tnr). 
 
 Erie (oro). 
 
 Erin. 
 
 E.'iquimaux (pskp-mo, or eske-mozpi 
 
 Ethiopia. Ip-llip-opr-ah), 
 
 Etna ((«tiiahi 
 
 Europe lyoo riip). 
 
 P. 
 
 Falkland ifawklaadj. 
 
42 
 
 pnoNiNciATioN or r.nor.nArmcAL woiins. 
 
 I'"l(ll I'llCO. 
 
 l''r.ir,k('ort idauk M'irl,). 
 I'Vii'iiillv (fri'!!.; ii', Islands. 
 I'"n;;i(| il'i iiljiili Zoiii', 
 
 a. 
 
 Ii.il iM IK.i:-i^-lif'-,ih). 
 ^i.ll.t■^l^n lyiirM's-ti'm). 
 
 I fii'ni'v.i (jfii-o Villi), 
 (li'iKin (Jen (i-,ili). 
 (■'■figiH ■,j(ir>'-iilii. 
 OiM'ai.iiiy iJiTiiuili-rir). 
 (ill riilliir(|r.| ni'.vlliT). 
 (;ins;.'(i\v (t'liisgd,, 
 (I I iiiliir. 
 
 (Irvinjiinn (pram |ip-iin) 
 (ir.inncl.i 'f.'riili-ii,nli(lali|, 
 (ii'.'.il, liiii.iiii ilirit In). 
 
 dC'ITl' piTC^.S. 
 
 (iM'oiiwii'h (};riM iji. 
 
 (!r..'lllMlllll(l (f;tl\V-ir-il|,lll l.lll.ocU'W,!^ 
 
 tiiy-m.ili'l.ili) 
 r,ii,i.,i.;i:il (^'wi-iili-kiM'l ). 
 
 H. 
 
 M..f;iic' (liai(.'|. 
 
 II.illliiN (liiiTi'-Dix) 
 
 Il.cii (i-vi'r. 
 
 UirtTnrd. 
 
 II iv.riui (li,"i-v,'m ,'ih), 
 
 II 'Mi hay li'). 
 
 Iiiiniil,iy.'i"(|iini-a\vli^-ah iir liim-ali 1 
 
 ah). 
 
 Hi iiliMislan :liii:-ilnn-slan). 
 II iiiiliiras (h(iii-il(io'-nihs;. 
 !l.iri(!|iilii |lioii-(i-loo'l()(i.. 
 Ih'lli'iNliU,-;. ' 
 
 Hungary 'hiinf,''j.'i'i-ri'). 
 'Iiircii ili.i'i'ii:). 
 
 f 'Viaiii!, 
 
 Miihn (I iIa-!;o), 
 
 Ilhiiri.s (il-iin-'iy/\ or il-lin-ny') 
 
 Iiiiliaiia (iii-d.'-an'ali). 
 
 Iii'di-iiii-ap'o-hs. 
 
 Innian li-n'in'-aii). 
 
 Iiiwa |i'()-\vuh). 
 
 Iiv'land. 
 
 Irkuiilsk (ii-k(iiilsk'). 
 
 I.^li'iiia-il. 
 
 Ispahan (ip-iui-liahii'l. 
 
 ll.ilv iira-h'j. 
 
 Jaf,'ii,ir ,jap-yoo-ar"). 
 .laiiiaiiM i.ia-niay'kali). 
 •lapan (juh-iian). 
 
 Java (Jali'vah). 
 .Iiriisalom (jp-roo'.sA-li'iii). 
 
 .Ii'ssi) (yps'sri). 
 ./iruii I'Vr-iiaiiMcz. 
 
 Kami chaikii (kalim-clmht'kuln. 
 
 Kansas (kan'z.is). 
 
 Ki'lal (kcdahf). 
 
 Ki'ii-rii'-lici!'. 
 
 Kciiliicky (ki'M-liik'c). 
 
 Khan ika-.vn, nr kaii). 
 
 Kiirliioni (kar-UHMi)'). 
 
 Kin^'s'l()n. 
 
 Kiulcn iki'-D'li'M), 
 
 KiMili' (kno'i'll), 
 
 L. 
 
 I/alaadnr' dah-rii-doro'). 
 
 '.inia (lay'inah). 
 
 f.ii|iland. 
 
 l.-i I'lala llahplah-tah). 
 
 I.awrcnco (lawrrnss). 
 
 I-i'-pan'to. 
 
 l.iw Clii'w (l(i()-( li(Mi'). 
 
 Lihi'ria (li-bu'ri'-ah). 
 
 lall'cy (lilTo). 
 
 liiina (lo'mah). 
 
 I-i|mri (lip'ali-ri>). 
 
 I'islioii (liz')ji'in). 
 
 I,iv'iT-pwil. 
 
 Lor-fo'dcn, 
 
 London 'lim'dun). 
 
 liouisvilli' (loo'is-vil). 
 
 I-yons (Ui'inz), 
 
 M. 
 
 Ma hifjasiMr fmada-gas'kar.). 
 .Vladison jrnad'c-siin), 
 Madrid (niah-drid'), 
 Masi'ilaii (niah-jcl'lari). 
 Maine (inanf). 
 Majorca (niah-jor'kah). 
 Malay (ma-hiy'i. 
 Malaysia \w h-lav'she-ah). 
 Malla (mawl'lah)". 
 Man'tlios-lor. 
 Manilla (ma-niriali). 
 Marmora (mar'nio-rah). 
 Marqnosas (niar-kay'.sahs). 
 Massachnsoils (nias-.sa-olioo'seisi 
 MiTca (mck'kali). 
 Medina (ni'Mli^'nah). 
 
 Mi'.litcrranfan(niod-e-li,r-ruy'!ii--an) 
 Mplboiirnc (mcl'hiirn). 
 Memphis (inrm'lis). 
 Mexico (niexi'-ko). 
 Michigan 'mish'offan) 
 Milan. " ' 
 
 Miiwankeo (mihvaw'kr j. 
 MIniiesuta (min'np-so'iah). 
 
 Minorca (min-ia''kali). 
 Mississippi (mi.s-sis-siji'pe), 
 .Missouri (mis-soo'ri'). 
 Modena (mod 'en-all). 
 Mi>-hainiiii'd-an. 
 .Mont;olia iinoii-^-ii'ic-jiii). 
 Mont Ulanc (nioiit;di|iin)^'). 
 M<]n(i'\ideo (iiioi|.|,.-\i,f|.o). 
 
 Mnnlpelier )iiionl-| I'ypr). 
 
 Monlreal imon-tre-awr'), 
 Morocco (nio-rok'kn). 
 Moscow (inos ko). 
 Moiinl Hope. 
 Mo/aiiihuiuc iiiiu-zaiii-l)(vk'). 
 
 N. 
 
 Nankin (nahn-kin'). 
 Napli's niayplz). 
 Nelh'rr-iaiid.s. 
 Npiisc 'niicp). 
 
 New Urnnsvvici 
 
 'iiM-liniii/' ttik). 
 
 Ni'wfonndland (nii-Tinir|- 
 
 Ne\v Criiinca (ni'i-f/hiirne) 
 
 New Hampshire im'i-hampVhir 
 
 New lla'\en. 
 
 New .lerspy (nM-jer'/e). 
 
 New London (nii-liin'iliin). 
 
 New Mexico (nn-mix'e-ko). 
 
 New Orleans (nu-or'le-iinzi 
 
 New York. 
 
 New /Zealand 'nn-ze'land). 
 
 Niagara (ni-aga-rah). 
 
 Nin'e-voh. 
 
 Niplion (nif-nn'i. 
 
 Norfolk inor'lbk). 
 
 Norlh'amirton. 
 
 Nor'way. 
 
 Nor\\ "h (nor'rij, or nor'witch). 
 
 Nov^i >c(i|i,-i (iid'vah skoMi.,ih). 
 
 Nnlii.i ,iioo'lie-ah). 
 
 Oases (o'a-sez, nr o-n . amiz), 
 
 Oceanica lo-she-airi-kah). 
 
 Onlario (on-lay're-o). 
 
 O-lwr'lo. 
 
 Oregon ((ii-'e-pun). 
 
 OUawa lut'la-way). 
 
 Pacific ii'a-firik;. 
 Pagan (pay'gan). 
 Palestino Ipares-tine). 
 Pampas (puhm'pahs). 
 Panama ipalm-ah-mah'). 
 Paraguay (pah-rah-gwi'). 
 Pa ra n a 1 1 )a h-ra h - n a 1 1 ' ) . 
 Paris 41,'ir'risl. 
 Parma par'mali). 
 Patagonia .p H"'-" ■■iie-uh), 
 Pc'kin". 
 
PIIONI/NCUTIO.N OF (lEOCnAPIlICVL WOIIDS. 
 
 43 
 
 ''•mliiim (| i'/M'.|iali| 
 
 I'lTsiii (iicr'sliixili). 
 I'l'l'll i|fi'-i'ijO') 
 I'i'Mli i|„..l|, 
 
 l'liili|.j,iiiM (!il'ii^|iin). 
 
 I'll. 
 
 I'"l.vr:rsii i|Hi|.iMii''shc'-ah.). 
 
 I'"|i'"'iti'|iill (|iii-p()-kali.t(iy-|ici 
 
 l'"ll lilt I'liiin; (|iM|'l.().MrJiiss') 
 
 l'"rl'l:ii|i|. 
 
 I'"ili) llici) (piir'to rii'kii). 
 
 l''M'lsiiiniiili l|iiirts'im'i|li). 
 
 l'-i'tM;.',il (|ii>i'iri->.','il). 
 
 I'u-liiiimc. 
 
 IV.iKiii! (prait,'.) 
 
 IViiici! I'M'wiird. 
 
 I'lUV'illl'lllM.'. 
 
 I'liissiu. (pnisli'vuh). 
 I'lii'liiiilpwi'h'liili). 
 I'yiviii.cs ipir'i'ii-ijez). 
 
 I')- 
 
 <,)iiolii'i; (kwo-bi'k* 
 '.•iiito (ki-''lii). 
 
 B. 
 
 Ilii.'irii> I'l'iilis-soon'). 
 
 Itliiiii' ii'iiii'), 
 
 IIIjikI.' Islnrid (roiln i'luml). 
 
 Itio il.' la Plata (ro'o day iah plah'lnh) 
 
 Hid Janeiro (ri'u ja.iici'ro, 
 
 Hume. ' 
 
 lli)t't('i-dani. 
 
 HiisHa iri'isli'yah). 
 
 S. 
 
 SacraiiuMto (sak-ra-mon'to). 
 
 S.ihaia (sah-lialiViih, or sah'hah-rahi 
 
 M. Aiilliiiiiy (scut au'lo-iic). 
 
 SI. Duiiiiiigo (sent domiiigVo). 
 
 SI .liiliii (siMlt-jnir). 
 
 St. I,a-,vrt'iic(;(V. -,t law'runss). 
 
 SI. Lduis (s«iit iM,,'is). 
 
 St. I'aiil (se.Ti-pawl'.i 
 
 Si. PftiT.sDurg (soiit po'ti'rz.Jnirp) 
 
 Salem (say'loiii). 
 
 San I'Van-els'co. 
 
 Sun Sah adur (sahii sahl-vah-dore). 
 
 Sand'wieli Ijt'lnnds. 
 Santa I'V (salm'tali fuy). 
 SaniiaKo (salm-tfi-ah'gu). 
 Sardinia (snr-din'iHih). 
 Saxony (sa.K'iin-<'). 
 Scandinavia (skanvlo-nay've-oh) 
 Si'Ntland (skut'lund). 
 
 Sel).aa-l()'p(j|. 
 
 Seiim (.sayii). 
 
 Senega! (sen-CRawl'). 
 
 Senegamhia (Sdn-e-t^ani'he-ah). 
 
 SlianKliai(slmng-hi'). 
 
 Sibi.Tii (si-be'ic-ulj). 
 
 Sicily (sis'il-o). 
 
 Si'don. 
 
 Sierra Loone (soM-rVali lr>-o'ne|. 
 
 Sierra Madro (so^r'rali niali'drav). 
 
 Sierra Nevada (s>?-.-T'rali nay-vaii dali) 
 
 Sinai (sinay, or si'nay-i). 
 
 Skagcr Hack (skah-fhcr-iahkY 
 
 Smyrna (smir'nali). 
 
 Socii'ty (so-si'o-tc) Islands. 
 
 Sud'oin. 
 
 Siiinaulifis (so-maw'loez). 
 
 Simdan (soo-dahn'). 
 
 Spain. 
 
 Sjian'ish-town. 
 
 Spire Isl'ands, 
 
 Spreo (spray). 
 
 Springfield (spring'feflld). 
 
 Stoekliolni. 
 
 Sue/. (s'mVj). 
 
 •^umatra (soo-mah'trah). 
 Sweden. 
 Swit'ior-Iand. 
 Sydney (sid'ne). 
 
 T. 
 
 Tagus (tay'gus), 
 
 Tallahassee (tal-la-hass'e). 
 
 Tanarivou (tali-nali-nah-re-voo'). 
 
 Tartary (tar'tali-re). 
 
 Tasmania (taz-may'no-ah). 
 
 Tchod (chahdi. 
 
 Teheraa (teh-her-alin). 
 
 Terra del Fuego (ter'rati del foo-e' 
 
 Tex-as. 
 
 Thames (temz). 
 
 ''■'. net (tib'et). 
 
 Tobolsk (to-bolsk'l. 
 
 Tu-l.'Mo. 
 To-ron'li), 
 Tiir'rid /one. 
 Trinidad (lrin-o-<larr). 
 Tripoli (trip'o-je). 
 'I'linis (tiiii'iiiss.) 
 Turin (loo'rm.) 
 Tuikesian (loor-kes-tahn'). 
 'I'lirkey itnr'ke). 
 Tuscany (lus'kali-nc), 
 Tv'c (lire). 
 
 U. 
 
 I'-ni teil States. 
 Ural (yoo'ral). 
 I'riigiiay (oo-roo-),'wi'). 
 Ulali (jiiu'taw). 
 
 V. 
 
 Valparaiso (valil-pah-ri'so). 
 Venice (vcn'iss). 
 Ver-mont'. 
 
 Vesuvius (ve-soo'vp-us). 
 Victoria |vik-l()'re-ah), 
 Vienna (ve-en'nali), 
 Vincennes (vin-senz'). 
 VolfcM (vol'gah). 
 
 W. 
 
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 Z. 
 
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 EXERCISES ON NORTH AMERICA.-! Man No 
 
 I 
 
 < . 
 
 5. 
 
 {•). 
 
 7 
 8. 
 
 i1. 
 
 10. 
 
 II. 
 
 1-2. 
 i:!. 
 
 li. 
 
 Irt. 
 
 1'.) 
 
 ■JO. 
 
 ■n 
 
 23 
 
 Wli.ii Dci'.in iiorlh of America ? .■!(•. 
 Wlial ()C(v:in oast. ? /Iif 
 What iarj:,; bay in Ww north ? ///». 
 What ■,Milf south? .l/o. 
 
 What counlry hi tlic north ? fi-.l. tl)i,„ii'iin i 
 of Cimnila). 
 
 Wii.it ('onntryocriiiiii'slhi' ci'iilr,*! jiai't? T-.s'. 
 Wiril two ('.iiiiilrii's in tiic sontli '! J/o., C-.\. 
 What i.-; tin- caintal of tln' Dominion of Ca- 
 naila ? Or— Of Ihi' Unitcil Slates ? Wn. 
 Nanii' and point onl the caiiital of Mexico. 
 .lA/. — Of (Inatcmala. Ila. 
 I'oinI oMi four of till! princjiiil isl;i;ids in (he 
 .\ic!ic Ov.ni /?,s'., ,l/„ J/r., N-/) 
 Wh.'it lar-r -land cast of the Dominion of 
 Cm- , ■ \(l 
 
 W' iariii' islands wrst ? (i-C. V ■ 
 
 Nai.ti lui' three [iiiiicipal islands s.jnlh e.isl 
 of th(> riiilod States. rV/., ///., .In 
 What peiiinsnlaeast tifCuiada ? /,;■.— Sonih- 
 cast '.' AS 
 
 Wh.d two pi'iiinsnlas liorderin;; on the Gulf 
 of Mexico? /•■(/., )■/;.— That sitnated on the 
 north west of Mexico ? Oi 
 What p.'iiinsula iioiUi-west of the Dominion 
 ofdanada ? An. 
 
 What arcliiiielaun sp.'ith-nasl of the I'liited 
 Slates? HI. 
 
 What islhmns h, 'tween M 'xi(,'n and C'mtral 
 
 America ? 7'c.— Hetwceii Central America 
 
 and South .\meri(a ? I'((. 
 
 ['oini, onl Greenland. (TOt. 
 
 What eapt^ south of Greenland ? /7. 
 
 What capi> south-west of Nova Scoti.a? Sr. 
 
 Point out Cape Sahh; south of Florida. 
 
 Point out thi' three ea[ies east of the I'liited 
 
 Stall's . (M., Ifs., I): 
 Wh.at cajie south of Lower California ? ,s' /„ 
 
 —West of !hi! I'liited Slates ? Mo. 
 
 Wh.it moimlains in ilu' west of the Doiui- 
 
 niDii n( Ciuada ? Ity. 
 
 ap 
 
 2(1. Wh.'d nio'.iiilain ranges between the Ho.ky 
 
 Mountains and the Pacific Ocean ? fV,, .s'-.V 
 27. What ar.' the Pmckv Mountains call.'d in 
 
 ^^exi^•o ? .s^.lf. 
 ■J.i. What moiinliius in the east of Ih ' I'nit.'d I 
 
 Sa'es? .1//, ' 
 
 2) What hiy w.'sl. of Greeulau 1 ? /;*— What 
 
 .uiilf eas! of C mad.'i ? .^'-/,. 
 '■'•y Wh It s \i soulh-east of th ' ' ',i!f -if M(>\ic i '' i 
 
 r.,. I 
 
 ■ 'I. I'oinl oiil Cimpeachv Pa- (20).— ifnitdnras i 
 
 (221. ■■ i 
 
 :i2. What -uif west of Mexico ? ('„. | 
 
 .'5:!. I'oi ' oil! Hudson strait. |(;2i. | 
 
 :i'i Wh.il strait connects P. mi I'sliiv wiih t!ie 
 
 .Mlantic O'caii ? Ih. 
 .■f.") Pjint out Panks Strait. — Lancaster Sound.— j 
 
 Gulf of Poothia. — I''ox Channel. i 
 
 ;i('. What four lakes between the I'nit 'd Stales i 
 
 and Canada? Sr., Iln., Er.. On. 
 '■M. Which of the great lakes lie entirely in tht; 
 
 United States ? Mn. 
 :5.S Point out Great Bear Lake. — (ireat Slave.-- 
 
 Winnipep;. 
 :i'.l. Point out Lake Athabaska (fiO)— that of Wol 
 
 laston.— Of the Woods. (50). 
 id. What rivc-r flows north and emplies into the 
 
 .\rctic Ocean ? Mr. \ 
 
 il. What two lai'fic rivers (low from the west I 
 
 into Pudsoii Pay ? CI., Nn. 
 12. What is the superior p.u't of Rivv'r Nelson i 
 
 called ? Sii. [ 
 
 i:i. What river Hows towards the east and 
 
 emplies into the Atlantic ? S-L. 
 i'». What river flows south into the Gulf of 
 
 Mexico ? ,1//. 
 '.."■). What liver in the north west of the United 
 
 Stales flows into the Pacific Ocean ? Ca. 
 ';('). Which is the principal allluent of the Missis- 
 sippi ? Mi. 
 

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EXERCISES ON SOUTH AMERICA. -iM.ip No. 9.) 
 
 ID, 
 J 1 1. 
 
 ;'l 
 .)■■) 
 
 i';l 
 
 NVIiii .,M ;ii ill,' iiorlli ? Cii. 
 
 NVIi li .i(;',;:i ,Msl ? Ai: 
 
 Will! Dii'.iii wcsl '.' I>i:. 
 
 Winch two sl.ih's ;nv most northern ? G-f., 
 
 Va. 
 
 I'liiiil iin' {;('iitf;il Anii'i'ii'a. (10 ii). 
 Wlia! i.|li;nus cnMiu'cts Central America 
 
 Willi »]i)liiml")i.i :' hi 
 What is :he caiiilal of Coluniliia ? SF 
 Xaiui' 111!' c,i|iilal of Venezuela. Cs. 
 What uiiir iiiii'ih /iFthe Istiinuis of Panama ? 
 
 What hay sdiilli of the same Istlunus ? /'<(. 
 ^^■h:.t lai-e river traverses Venezuela from 
 
 we.-l to east '1 (h. 
 What river flows llirough Columbia, from 
 
 si'Mili to north ? Mil. 
 
 What islaml northeast of VeneziieJa '! Td. 
 
 What ,uiilf norlh-west of Venezuela ? ;1/-i 
 
 I'diiit oil! Lake Maracaybo. (10). 
 
 What cape north of Colnmliia ? ^^■. 
 
 I'linil (Mit the Kquator (0). — Brazil.— Cuiana. 
 
 \\\\ il is the caiiilal of Ecuador '( Qo. 
 
 -'rill! ot Hra/al ? /(-,/. 
 What mountains hetweeu Venezuela and 
 
 Hra/.il ■>. l>c. 
 
 — Those li, 'tween (iuiana and Brazil ? Ai. 
 What chain in east td Brazil ? Eo. 
 What tW( M, Mini lies west of Brazil ? Pit.., Bo . 
 What i^ the capdal of I'eru '! La.—Ot liuh- 
 
 \ia '.' I'd 
 
 Wlial larue river triverses Brazil from west 
 
 Ic east ? .1,,, 
 What trilmtary of the .Amazon takes its rise 
 
 in Ihe Villa B.'lla Monntains 'i Mci. 
 What (i!ie in ilie east of Peru ? Li'. 
 What alUiii'Ml n\ the Amazon waters Bolivia 
 
 liy many (d' its hramdies '! Ma. 
 Which are th.' two principal alUuents of the 
 
 Ama/.oii hel.iw tic Madeira ? 7s., A«. 
 
 ;{0. 
 
 31. 
 
 ;v2. 
 ;r». 
 
 :!-•'. 
 
 'di. 
 
 1 ). 
 
 \{'). 
 
 V,l. 
 ,-)0. 
 
 What one coiinecls the (Jrinocu with the 
 
 Amazon '.' No. 
 
 Point Marajo I-land -'Ihe Biver Para. 
 What rivoi' Hows ndii Ihe Para V 7',s-. 
 Whit five stat(\s south lA' Bolivia and Brazil ? 
 
 l.a., r/., /'(/., J'//., /•//. 
 P(Hnt Uiode la Plata. 
 What is the [iiiiicipal In hiit.ii\- ol iln' liio di' 
 
 la Plata ? /'«. 
 What comilrie.- aiv wal'-red hy Ihe P,iran:i? 
 
 /i-.l., /. hi., /'// , in. 
 
 Which is the pi: cipal alllm'iit of the Pa- 
 rana ? ]'i/. 
 WIrd, river f.ji'ins. with the I'arana, the I'm 
 
 de la Plata ? T//. 
 What countries are \\:^U ird hy the L'ru.unav? 
 
 /.-/'((., Uj., 111. 
 
 Point out Salad I and Pilcomayo, Irilmtai'i; s 
 
 of the Parana. 
 
 Wlial momUaiiis li'averse Peru / As. 
 Point out the live piiiicipal jieaks in the 
 
 rnrirons of (,);!ito '.' Pa , (',■ . Aa., Ci., Co. 
 Tidl the hei.uht of Mounts Coyamln'.' — Colo 
 
 pa.xi. — Chiuihora/o. i.s'/y Hi,- M.i/Kirilr If..,/ /, 
 
 .!/(//» No. 1 1. 
 Point out Ihe ji'aU Acoae,ijii;i, ih,' lu^he.-t 
 
 in America. (M}. 
 Wh;il is the capital of La Pl.ita ? Ii(,.~i)\ 
 
 Para,i.'uay ? An. 
 —Of BueuosAvres ? AM.— Of Urii-u.-v ? 
 
 M\'. 
 Which couulry is the most sontheiii ? 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Point out Terra del I-'ueuo. 
 What strait se[i;irales this idaiid from Pata- 
 
 pouia '! Mn. 
 What group of i.-.|.ind> east of Magellan- 
 
 SI rait ? J'd. 
 
 What caiie south ofSoiilh America? ///(, 
 
 L 
 
 It— 
 

 Wi^uon CMns Sons ^t'". lomLmjt-niajktiiw 
 
w. fi*.m>-'-iiifamm>^^-- 
 
 >i t 
 
 \M 
 
 -i-^ g' 
 
 "M 
 
 
1. 
 
 ;{. 
 i. 
 
 5. 
 
 (J. 
 
 7. 
 8. 
 
 10. 
 
 ii. 
 
 12. 
 
 li. 
 
 Point out Kiiglanil.— Scotland. 
 
 I'oiiif, out Iroland.— Wnlos. 
 
 What ocean west of the Ijritish Isles ? At 
 
 Uhat sea oast? Nh. 
 
 What sea botwoon England and Ireland ? Ih 
 
 ■ What channel sonlh of England / EC. 
 
 ■ What islands iioiih-west of Scotland ' Ih 
 
 . -North? %.-North.east of the Orkney Is- 
 
 lands ? Sd. ' 
 
 What large island lies or, ■.ho coa.^l of !',). 
 land, in the English Channel ? JK/ 
 What island in the Irish Sea ? .V/;._Point o,r 
 Anglesey Island (53-4,.-Point out Holyhe.id' 
 NVliat straits het\yeen the Hebrides and Sco^ 
 l.nid? Mh.,L.}f. 
 
 Wh,.t channel hetweeu Iceland and Kng. 
 
 land : SG. 
 
 Wh ■; chaniiel south of Wales ? Bl. 
 
 BRITISH ISLES.-(Map, y, , if.) 
 
 2;>. 
 
 1."). 
 ir.. 
 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 
 I a. 
 
 •JO. 
 'II 
 
 Wiiat strait .. 'parates France from England ? 
 
 What c.ipe nort?: ..f Scotland ? 1J% -South 
 west of England ■ £-£ 
 What large island y.-est of Scotland ? Se. 
 \Vliat islands south-west ? /y., ^^j. 
 
 Which is the largest island of the Hebrides ' 
 i.x. 
 
 lllid V"cT""'''"' J^ot^veon Scotland and Eng- 
 
 I'oint out the chief Firths (bays) of Scotland. 
 %, Fh., S,j., Cc, !.n. 
 
 I'oint out the chief bays or estuaries of 
 I^'igland. Wh., Ts., Le.. Bl., Cn. 
 Point out the bays on the western coast of 
 Ireland. A.., Dc, To, ML, Gy., Dl. 
 \Vlint large canal crosses Scotland, from 
 Moray Hay to Lorn Bay ? Cn 
 
 Terse ?'!^^ ''"'' ^^"^ Caledonian Canal tra- 
 
 2G. 
 
 27. 
 
 28. 
 
 20. 
 30. 
 31. 
 
 ■^.> 
 
 32. 
 
 36. 
 37. 
 
 38. 
 39. 
 
 ■40. 
 
 M 
 42. 
 43. 
 
 44. 
 45. 
 
 4G. 
 
 47. 
 
 48. 
 
 Point oat the following riverv In Scoli i.ul 
 Sproy (V.), Dee, Tay, Twe.>d. 
 Point out the Riv(.r Humber. (0 /.i 
 Which arc th.> chief fnhi;, Hes of Ihis riyer » 
 Ot., Oc, D>\, Tt. 
 
 Name the principal river now=,.? infc the 
 Waih? G-O. 
 
 I'.'int out the Thames. (0/.) 
 W;'iat is the capital of EnglNnd ! Ln. 
 On what river is London built ? fs. 
 What is ;!(" capital of Scotland ? Eft 
 rv"«' uiicii bay is it built ? Fh. 
 Wliat is the capital of Ireland ? Dn. 
 Whirl, two large canals tiav,. their teiHiinus 
 at Dublin ? G-C, R-C. 
 
 Which is the largest river in Ireland .' Sn 
 Name two of the largest rivers in the s,' ifh 
 of Ireland. Bw., Br. 
 
 ■ What lake in Iho north-east ? Nh. 
 
 ■ Which arc tJie three largest counties in I,v. 
 land ? Ur., Lr., Mr., Ct. 
 
 Point out in England : Liverpool, (3 /.) ; Mnn- 
 choster, (2 /.) ; Binuingham. [i I.) 
 -In Scotland : Glasgow, ( 4 /.) ; Dundee, (3 / ) 
 -In Ireland : Belfast, (G /.) ; Cork, (.r2). 
 In what direction from tlie Irish Sea is Lei. 
 don? 
 
 —Edinburgh ?-Dublin ?-Liverpool '' 
 What is the width of England, comprising 
 Wales, under the 30tli degree of latimd.. ' 
 What is its length, under tlie 2nd (.ler,,-.,, 
 west longitude ? '^ 
 
 What is the position of England with i-^ai-i 
 to the Irish Sea ? 
 
 —That of Wales with regard to the san- 
 sea ?— Ireland ?— Scotland ? 
 
-.**.;*,».», 
 
 Scot i a, id. 
 
 lis liver? 
 into Iho 
 
 ci'ininiis 
 
 d / Sn. 
 10 sritl) 
 
 ^ in Irc- 
 
 ); Mni;. 
 
 OP, (3/.) 
 v2). 
 is l,o]). 
 
 ') 
 
 prisill;r 
 iliiiji' ? 
 
 (,]|ig|TW. 
 
 „y<.^' ^y-T" i JCO. /. I S\ 'L 'l" -A -mAy ejA'-"i 
 
 I 
 
I * 
 
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 *»*«.;. ^mm'»m,^.i,.ms 
 
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i 
 
 i i 
 ■ ! 
 
 IlKMISPHEnES 
 
 iNurtliern.— Soiithnrn. 
 
 Continents. 
 
 Wi'MiTn —Kiistprn. 
 Auslralian. 
 
 GiiAND Divisions. 
 
 N. A S, AmPi-ica.— Eiimpo. 
 Asia.— Arrica.— OcTjiuJa. 
 
 Ndhtii Amkiiica. 
 
 f'l'pi'nlaiiil. 
 Dniiiiniun ol'Caiiaila 
 riiiip.1 Slalos.— Moxic.i 
 (.I'litral Amorica. 
 
 SdI'TII A.MIilUllA. 
 
 I'- S. oCCuluniMa, 
 
 \'i'nnziif!la. 
 
 Hiitish (Juiana. 
 
 Dulcii (Iiiiana. 
 
 Fraicli (luiana.— Bra/jl 
 
 Kciiador.— Peru. 
 
 Bolivia,— Arponlino Confod. 
 J'araf.'iiay.— Chili. 
 
 Uruguay.— Patagonia. 
 KiiiopK. 
 
 Kii^rlaiul.— Irelaml. 
 
 Scol land.— Norway. 
 
 Swodon.— Russia. 
 
 I'oland.— r.apland. 
 
 Germany.— Prussia. 
 
 Denmark. 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Grcoco.— Kalv. 
 
 States of the Cliurcli. 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 Belgium.— Holland. j 
 
 France.— Spain. 
 
 I'orlugal. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Siberia, -flhina, —Japan 
 Tluhel — Iddia.-Hindoostan 
 I'arther India.— Anain 
 Siam.— Malacca. 
 
 Th.- form of questions are leffouie judgment of tho teacher, 
 
 Beloooliistan.— Afghani. 
 I urkpsian.— Persia,— Tur 
 |Aral)ia,— Minor Asia. 
 
 Afkica. 
 
 Moroco.— Algiers. 
 Tunis.— Tripoli. 
 Barca.— Sahari . 
 Egyi)t.— Nubia. 
 Abys.sinia.— Zaiifu.'har. 
 Mozaniliiqii(.._Nij,al, 
 Capo Colony. 
 Lower Giiin'^n. 
 Upper Oiiiiie.i. 
 Senegamhia. 
 Soudan, 
 
 CITIES AND TOWNS, 
 Do.Mi.\i(i.N or Canada. 
 
 lawa.- '! ,.;!. 
 Qiiebei:. — , ' 1 . )■,,, ' 
 I'Vedericton. —Halifax. 
 Charloltetown.— Winnippfi 
 Victoria.— f,L. John N, B. 
 
 [Hamilton — London. 
 Kingston.— Brantford. 
 St. Catharines. 
 
 Three Rivers.— Belleville 
 
 (iuelph,— Levis. 
 
 Chatham, N, B,— Sorel 
 
 Port Hope, Ont. 
 
 Brockville, " 
 
 Hull.— Sherhrooke. 
 
 St. Hyacinthe. 
 
 St. John's Dorchester. 
 
 I United States. 
 
 Portland.- Concord. 
 
 Montpelier,— Boston. 
 
 Providence,— Albany. 
 
 New York,— Brooklyn, 
 
 BufTalo.— Oswego. 
 [Philadeliihia.- Baltimore 
 
 Washington.— Richmond. 
 
 Raleigh.— Tallahassee. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 New Orleans.- Austin. 
 Galveston.— Cinrinnat', 
 Cleveland.— Chicago 
 Memphis. -r>otroit 
 Milwaui.. ..._st, Louis, 
 Sacramento.— San Francisco, 
 
 Ian ,-;,ilt Lake City, 
 •key, Sania Fo.— Mexico. 
 
 Puebia,— Vera t.Vuz. 
 
 Havana.— Now Guatemala. 
 
 Port ail Prince. 
 
 St. Domingo. 
 
 South Ameiuca. 
 
 Bogota.— Panama. 
 Cartagena.— Aspinwall 
 Caracas.— Goorgoiown 
 Paramaribo.— Cayeniio 
 Rio Janeiro —Bahia, 
 Pernamburo.— Quito 
 Guyaquil,— Lima, 
 Chuquisaca.— Parana. 
 Buenos Aym-^.— Asuncion 
 Santiago.— Valparaiso, 
 .Montevideo, 
 
 Europe, 
 
 London— Liverpool 
 Manchester -Birmingham 
 Kdingburgh.- Glasgow. 
 , luhlin.-BeKast.-Cork 
 Limerick.— Stockholm. 
 K-hrisHania.— St. Petersliurp 
 Moscow.— Archangel 
 .Berlin.— Frankfort. 
 Copenhagen.— Vienna, 
 [Constantinople,— Ro ir 
 .Naplos.-Milan.— Turin 
 Genoa.— Venice.— Berne 
 IBrusse! -Paris.-r. ons 
 Marseili -Bordc .x 
 nouen,-M.,|rid.-Barceloii;, 
 Cadiz.— Lisbon,— Oporto, 
 
 Ale,\andria,— Khartoom 
 f'"f'''- • ■zif.ar, 
 
 "•/.L!iib,juc,— Cape Town. 
 
 OlJKANIA, 
 
 MellMJiiriie. — Sy(liie\ 
 ^'''"'""•-Borneo.-nouohilii. 
 
 LSLANDS. 
 
 Noinii Amkhiua. 
 
 I'rilln- Ml„rt Inml. 
 loolaiid— (iivenland. 
 N'owfoundlanrl 
 Anticosl,,-Pri„,.oi.:,|„,,,,|, 
 Capo Breton. 
 
 IM,ama.~Om,t,T Anli/I,;. 
 C'llia.- Havti. 
 J-imaica,— Porto-Riro 
 i«vir/-yl«/,V/o._Vanooiivor 
 
 Irkoutsk,— Tobolsk.- J'ckin 
 Canton.— Nankin, 
 Shanghai,— Lassa,—Vi.do 
 Calcutta.- Madras 
 Bombav.— Delhi 
 Bangkok.-Hue.-Saigon. 
 Kelat.-Cabul.-Bokhara 
 Teheran,— Damascus. 
 Jerusalem.— Mecca, 
 Medina,— Muscat. 
 
 Ai'rica, 
 Tunis.—Morocco.— Algiers. 
 
 Soi-TH AmehIca. 
 
 Joannis.-/.-(,Mv„,„/ 
 I em ili'l Fuego. 
 Chilui'. 
 uan Fernandez. 
 
 Ei.'nopE. 
 
 Iceland. Uif Amrrir.a) 
 Cro,-,t Britain.-Iivluiid. 
 S, innd.—Orhin/. 
 
 ]■' "'''■~'-'">:o'-~i-oroden. 
 
 |i.- ,,a.— Sani,.,, , --.''■ ■ ^• 
 M.ilia.— Candia,— /„/i/(,7j."' 
 
 Asia. 
 
 No\T- ;:,.,ublu.-A-«/.,a. 
 Sngh,,l„ii._y„^,„„_ 
 
 |^||lhon.— .resso. 
 Kiusiu.-P-.rmosa 
 IIIaiiH,!.! -Ceyluii. 
 
 Al'llIijA. 
 
 -'o'v fadeira, 
 anoi Cape Verd. 
 
 r^t. Helen, I 
 jMadagascar, 
 Mauritius. 
 Bourbon. 
 Socolra. 
 
 H 
 
OENEI\AL nECAflTir.ATlON. 
 
 OCEAXIA. 
 
 Al'STIlALASIA, 
 
 Aiislrnlia.— Tasmimid 
 
 fffw /(/«//(/.— N'ortulk 
 New Calnliiiiia. 
 Ninv Hi'bri.los. 
 l'(i|iua. 
 
 Malaysia. 
 
 Siimalra.— Java.— nniiH,, 
 
 Luziiii.— MiiKlaimo, 
 
 POLY.NESIA. 
 
 (.'aroliiu' Fslaniis. 
 Ladi'urif Islanils. 
 
 .S'(i;i(/ifii7i — ifawaii,— Oaliii 
 
 ifar'|iiisas-I.-ri,.,|,|iv Islands 
 SiciPly Islands. 
 
 I'KXiNsrr.As. 
 
 Noa-ni Amliika. 
 
 Alaslirt.— Nova Scoli.i 
 Florida.— Yiiratan. 
 LowrCaliliii'iiia. 
 
 Ei'finpK. 
 
 Noru V and Sweden. 
 
 Sp. i .rid F>ortuCTl. 
 Italy. — Crimea 
 
 A 
 
 Kamti'halka.— Cnrea. 
 Malaeea.— .Vrabia. 
 
 ISTH .NIL'S. 
 
 ['ana ma. — Suoz. 
 CAPES, 
 NonxH Amehica, 
 
 Karnwell.— Itace. 
 Sal)lo— Cod.— IIaltera,s. 
 Sable, r.S.— Mindocino. 
 
 SiiiTii Amehica. 
 
 Oalliiios.— St. Ho quo. 
 IIi'i'ii. — DIanco. [wesl.) 
 
 i'"rnoi'K. 
 
 Nerd.— Matapaii. 
 Clear.— Wrath. 
 
 A.su 
 
 Severn.— East. 
 Hoiiiaiiia.— Coraorin 
 
 Afiiica. 
 
 Hnna,--r,iiardarui. 
 <;ood llupe. 
 
 Agiillias.— Verd. 
 
 MOUNTAINS, 
 
 NoiiTii A.mkiii(;a. 
 
 floe/,!/— St. Elia<! 
 Kairwealhor.- ,i\vn 
 Ilnolver.— Fremont, U. S. 
 ^Vliile.—^rt.srarfri. 
 
 Sierra Nevada. 
 
 Sni'Tii Amehica 
 
 ■''"'''■'■— Arnnragna. 
 Cliimliorazo,- Cotojiaxi. 
 
 Kinni>E 
 
 kiiden.— Ural.— Cancasns, 
 Halkan.— Carpathian. 
 Aiieniiini;.— pyrem,-,'s.— Alp.s, 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Taurus — Ararat. 
 Hindou-Koneh.— Altai. 
 Himalaya.— Everest. 
 
 Afhica. 
 
 .Vtlas. — Knng. 
 Snow — Of tho Moon. 
 
 DESERTS. 
 
 Sahara, or Great Desert. 
 Kalahari.— Cobi. 
 
 OCEANS. 
 
 Atlantic— Pacific. 
 Indian.— Arctic. 
 
 Antarctic. 
 
 SEAS, GULFS, BAYS, Ac, 
 
 Nohth A.\iia«CA. 
 
 Haflln.— Hudson. 
 St. Lawrence.— Funily. 
 Delaware.— Chesapeake. 
 Campeachy.— Honduras, 
 All Saints.— iMnaina, 
 
 Europe, 
 
 While.— Caspian 
 lilaek. 
 
 Mediicrranpan. 
 Adriatic— Uiseay 
 Irish.— N'orlli 
 It.illic- Mutlinia 
 ■■"inland, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 K'umtehatka.— Ochol.sk 
 ,fapan,— Yellow. 
 China — Benpal. 
 Arabian.— I'ersian. 
 'le'l.-Aral. 
 
 LAKES 
 
 Amehica. 
 
 Oreat Bear.— Great Slave 
 Athahaska.— Winnipcf.' 
 Manitolia —Superior. 
 Michigan.— Huron. 
 Erie.- (Jntario. 
 <;hamplai...— or the \\'u,„|.s 
 Great Salt Lake. 
 Maracaybo.— Titicaca. 
 
 Europe. 
 
 f)ne(,M.— Ladoga, 
 (ieneva. — Constance, 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Baikal.— Tengri. 
 
 ArnicA. 
 
 Tchad.-Vic(oria,-Nvanza. 
 Albert Nyanza. 
 
 Tanganyika,— Nyassi, 
 
 STRAITS AND CH A NN);LS 
 NoHTH Ami.; i. 
 
 Davis.— Hudson, 
 Belle-Isle. 
 Canso.— Florida. 
 Mackinaw, 
 Magellan, S. A, 
 
 Eritoi'E. 
 
 English.— Bristol. 
 St. George's.— North 
 Dover. 
 Gibra.iar. 
 
 Aphica. 
 
 »ab-e|.M,in,|fii, 
 Mazainbiqutt. 
 
 Behrin; 
 Sunda, 
 
 Asia. 
 '• — Malacca. 
 
 RiVEiia 
 
 Nciinii Amkiiic* 
 Kwiehpak or Yucon. 
 
 M.lcken/ie — f:||||,.,.|„|j 
 
 .■Vel.son.- SI. Lawivnce. 
 
 Ottawa, 
 
 it, .Maurice. 
 
 "^afjuenay, 
 
 • haiidiero. 
 
 't I'rancis, 
 
 ii'helieii. 
 
 ludson,— Diiaware 
 I Ii^sissi|.|,i.— .Missouri. 
 I Ohio.— Kentucky. 
 j rennessee. 
 i Illinois.— Ml: M)uri, 
 I .Vrkansas. 
 Rio Grande. 
 I (Colorado, 
 Sacramento. 
 Golumbia,— Fruser 
 
 South Amehica. 
 
 Magdalena.— Orinoco 
 '.mazon.— Rio Negro, 
 laileira,— Tocantins 
 an Francisco.— La Plata 
 'arana.- Paraguay. 
 
 Eunoi'E. 
 
 Thames.— Shannon. 
 Volga — Don. 
 iJanubo. — Po. 
 
 lihono.— Guadiana. 
 I'agus.— Douro, 
 Seine.— Rhine. 
 Elbe.— O.ler, 
 Vistula.— Dwina. 
 
 I Asia. 
 
 Obe.— Yeneisi. 
 Lena.— A moor. 
 Hoang-Ho. ( Ye//ow). 
 Yang-tse-Kiang, (lUett 
 Cambodia or Mekon 
 
 Irrawa.hly.-Brahmapootra 
 (.anges— Indus. 
 
 Eujihralcs,— Sihon. 
 Africa, 
 
 Nile— White Nile. 
 Blue Nile.— Zambezi, 
 Orange.— Congo.— Nig 
 
o 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 *-\ 
 
 o 
 
 I S 
 
 fc ~r lo « t> 00 oi 
 
«^ 
 
 *f 
 
 V*f ^ 'I ^ () 
 
 
 
 
1^^ 
 
,. ,,-,.l So-jflr,,^ 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 
 EXERCISES ON AFRIOA.-(Map No 
 
 18 
 
 ?0 
 
 20. 
 
 What sea north of Africa? jtf«. 
 
 '• ^JJI^'"*' •'"•^' Hioir capitals? Mo.. As., Ti Co 
 >■ mval states bonUn- on the Red Se^ lEt.'Na., 
 
 ■ Ym'cr^'" ''^"'''' °^ these states? Co, 
 
 ■ tfe T." ''"Tc" ''^°«°^^"^-<^-«t coast as far 
 
 wiL^ ?"• ^'•'^"•'^'■■'^^^^■^«• 
 ^^ll«t ,sthe capital of Zanzibar? Zr~Oi 
 Mozambique ? Mc 
 
 i^)mUnt Cape Colony and name its capital? 
 
 Point ont Natal and name its capital ? P-iV 
 Point out Lower Gninea. (10 5) 
 
 wTi'h'n ' ^'^'"'' ■''"•""''^ '^"^ "^^'"^^ "^<^ states 
 which compose It. i«., ^.., %, r^,. R„ Cr 
 
 PohU^ont Senegambia.-Sahara or Great 
 
 What large island south-east ? J/r 
 
 ^Vhat channel between it and the mainland ? 
 
 What group of islands north-west ?Cv 
 
 ■ r;;l;J|''^°'''^'^'^°^"-«^^'Jinal points? /?„,, 
 
 )v!o,I 1^''/;'''''-''"'' ^•■'P'^^ f^^''J''if"i and 
 <'00(l iroi,e? Do.,S.Sn.,Cs 
 
 7o'2"/'.''T'%'' ^°°'' "^i« ""^ Verde ? 
 /•t'., ./Vo., /.;., Fa,^ C-C, T-P Ps 
 
 Point ont Barbary. (310) 
 
 What chain of mountains crosses Barbary ? 
 
 What peak in Morocco ? jlfn. 
 
 ( ■'//.<. of the 
 
 ■^J 
 
 27. What chain west of Zanzibai 
 Moon). 
 
 28. What two peaks in this chain ?A-.,A-„, 
 
 29. What peak bclweon the two Guineas ? Cn 
 
 ^1. What gulf south-east of the Red Sea ? \n 
 I .^^. \\lm strait unites that gulf to lb,. R.d s,m ? 
 
 33. What two gulfs, in Raibary, formed by the 
 Mediterranean ? A'^, Sa. 
 
 34. Point out the Gulf of Guuu.a. ,0) 
 
 3o. What strait separates Europe fioni .\frica '' 
 br. 
 
 30. Point out Lake Tchad in Soatlan ? 
 
 1 r^!'^^ "'''^'■^ "o^v into this lake l',,, ,s/ 
 
 on „?!"'«"^ t'l*^' largest river in Africa Nr 
 
 39. V\hat are the three lakes near ils soulr. v 
 ^'■, Fa, ffli 
 
 40. Point the river Zambezi, il.'j ,.i 
 41 What IS its affluent on the left bank near its 
 
 mouth? Sc. 
 
 42. From what lakes do these rivers issue ? N,, 
 
 43. What lai^e river rising in Soudan flo^^ 
 through Upper Guinea ? Nr 
 
 44. Point out the republic of Transvaal. r2J) 
 ■*o What river separates this eountrv from S„ 
 
 fa la ? Lo. 
 
 4G. What river forms the northern boundarv ol 
 
 Capo Colony? Oe. 
 47 What river in Lower Guin.M separates 
 
 Loango from Congo t Co. 
 ''^- ^^^'o^^vhat body of water does the .V.gerflow? 
 
 49 What river forms part of ih,. norliiein and 
 _ eastern boundaries of Senegambia 'f SI 
 oO. In what direction from Algeria is Moroi'co v 
 ?9 tT ^^Pf '!.^™™ J'^SH't ?-Egypt from Nubia ? 
 o2. In what direction from Nubia is Abyssinia ' 
 j>3. What country east of the Red Sea ? Aa 
 54. What canal connects the Red Sea with I 
 Mediterranean ? .S^ 
 
o 
 
 o 
 
 >" 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 
Wlham CoOins Saw,JI.a'l\Hu:lKr:f 
 

 2. Into liow many provmco« is itdivij,,d ? -i 
 •'• ^Jj"'''P'ovin,.oo.rni,i,.s(I„.„orth,,,n,artv 
 
 '«. -'J'lie conlve ? 5^(. 
 
 ')• — TIk; Soiilli ? y«. 
 
 <!• What ,.iv..i- nu.s Ihrongh Palosti,,,- n.m 
 
 '• Into \vh;u sea does it now v /j s 
 H.Whal province oast of .1,0 Jordan? P.. 
 
 'tV':.;;:;;:i;--'--H,oocon.. 
 
 ,",'■ ,^vl'"! ?",""'^' ""•■"'-^vest of Galileo ? /^a. 
 
 "• ^J,''^" ^•-'" ^^''^^•"•^" ^'-'l^^'lon and Manasseh ? 
 
 I i What tribes does Sa.naria comprise ? M,., 
 
 '■>■ Wliat tribe is e,Kf nr n,, t i 
 
 Samaria? c!/ ' ""^ J"''J-^"> opposite 
 
 17. Wliat ,,ibe east or the Dead Sea? A. 
 
 '"■ ';^''"" l';'Oi'lo inhabited the tract of countrv 
 
 '' ill';'ifS:;i:;;'rr ""^ ^^"^'— ■■ 
 
 i'\^J^^'';;'''''^'-''pi^''l''f Palestine?/.,. 
 ^^\Vha large city i„,,HM,ortli.east?/),. 
 
 ^4. Wiiicli other ni mni ... ; • 
 
 Mount Leban.;; ?7; ' '""^'^'^ "''' «^ 
 
 '" 3^'" ""^""''"='« ««"^'^ ^'^ Anti-Lebanon ? 
 
 EXERCISES on PALESTlNE.-,Map N„. ic, 
 
 30. 
 
 •2H. 
 
 ^2. 
 
 4C 
 
 '■ Point out Mount Carinej (33 /, 
 
 Which other mountain is .iinaledne;,rlvi„ 
 tiK' same latitude as Mount Carmel •> yv 
 
 NMiatmounlain snulh of Mount Tliabor " 
 Ilii. 
 
 !*• Point out the mountains ofJudah 
 >■ What mountains east of the Dead S.a '' |,„ 
 I- ^V hat mountains east of the ,J,„.da„ i„ 
 Perea ? (:,/. 
 
 '■ Point out the monnlain on whirl, Mo.e. 
 ilied. No. (31-3:)). 
 
 • Point out the monnlain of Olj^.^ 
 
 • Which two remarkable cilies sl,H,d .,„ i|,„ 
 coast of Plxenicia ? Tr Su 
 
 Poiutoutlbe Plain of \\civ.-Tbat of Ma- 
 geddo, (.«,/ of Jssac/,an.~T\ua of Cba.TMi 
 ioiutoul the wilderness of, Judah 
 
 Point out Xa.areth.-Tiberias.-Sama,.i,,._ 
 Sliechem.— Delhel. 
 
 Point oul .Jcriclio.~n,,ihleh..m.-nebion 
 I "lut out, on the Medileri'aneau, Ga^are', _ 
 Joppa— A^calon.— Majnma. 
 What cape- is formed by Mount Carniel v a 
 
 o.nt out Capei'uaum.-Cesarea Phiiinoi 
 I «Mnt out the Decapolis (/,rv,,w/„. .S>,/„1 ;,V, 
 liU'c). ' 
 
 I. Pohit out the river wimh, llowi,,,. neai^ 
 iMount Lebauon,emptieH into il,,. Medilmi 
 iieau ? Ls. 
 
 Point out the rivc-r in whirl, Si. John Ihe 
 Haptist baptized. /•/. 
 
 . What tHbe of Judah has a division in Ga 
 liloe ? Da. 
 
 Which l..ibe is partly rast and ,,a,.tlvw,.st 01 
 the Jordan ? Mh. 
 
 What valley south of the Dead Sea ■> Si 
 
 What is the position of theco.mlrvof the 
 
 1 lulistmes with regard to Jmlali ' ' 
 
 --Tlie country of An.on will, regard lo ibe 
 Dead Sea? 
 
 What wilderness noriheast of Ihe t.ibe of 
 Smioon ? Ja. 
 
DIVISIOXH AND I'OI'L'LATIONS 
 
 I -siiowi.No Tin; I'di-l i,atio\ 
 
 <r Ti.r rf)L'NTlI'S 
 
 OF Till.; i'ii()vi.\(ji.: (,i- o.NTAnio. 
 
 y, 
 
 d-ir.MIKS. 
 
 I Aldllinloil .. ., 
 
 '.•,n„iii\VMii 
 
 .■i|Hr;iiit 
 
 4,Urii(;i' 
 
 ''j<;;inl\V('ll '. 
 
 (ii(;iii'l('lf)n 
 
 "jDiindiis 
 
 S DiirliaiM 
 
 t'I'.lKiN 
 
 lOKssex 
 
 I l|r''roi]li'iifi(: 
 
 l'.'l';ipng;„Ty 
 
 I.'i'firciivillf 
 
 Ij|(;ri'y 
 
 l-"i!lliililin;:niil.... 
 
 llijllalloii 
 
 I'i'JM.'isliiif^s 
 
 l«illiiron 
 
 I'opiila- 
 lioii. 
 
 2l;)iT~ 
 
 2')70l 
 
 :iiV><) 
 
 Uir.oo 
 
 18777 
 37,180 
 
 "8717 
 
 nwa 
 'i8:h;4 
 
 \!'A\ 
 
 CuUNTlliS, 
 
 plKciii ..._ 
 
 -0 r.iiinljtoii .... 
 
 r^l I-.inaik 
 
 ■.';' Lcfils .'...' 
 
 • 'i I^IMIIIOX 
 
 il-i I'ilicolll "."" 
 
 Ij'^'i.Midill.'Snx.... 
 
 'jii.Mi.iik .■..■■;; 
 
 j'-'T N'oi-I'oik 
 
 I'-S L\ort)iiii;il]cil;iiiil 
 
 |M()iili,n(j 
 
 ."iOiOMbrd " '■ 
 
 .'il PiM'l, ... 
 
 3?|f-vriii .■.;;;;.,■.■.■;:; 
 
 .'i3|Pfiwljnr(jiii.'l] 
 
 !i;Pn.'.scott ....'. 
 
 I'|i|iiiia- 
 lion. 
 
 ;il9iM 
 
 ■.m-io 
 
 in.inn 
 '.'()f;7J 
 8'::>or, 
 ).m;io 
 .'!07(;o 
 .'iiinso 
 
 .'(82:17 
 
 4i;:,:',(; 
 ;!0i7:) 
 I7li'i7 
 '-'(l.i.'iO 
 
 iT Hiisscll 
 
 ■i8:Siiiicu« 
 
 •i!)|si(irinoiit ... 
 
 i IVii'ton.'i 
 
 il|\\'ille]'l00. ... 
 
 i'-'lUVIIiHid 
 
 ■'i3|\Vi'l|iri(:li,ii 
 lii^Vi'iiluuMli.. 
 '(.■' V.ij'li 
 
 OnsriKs. 
 
 iJihTiiii/r.s 
 
 Ai.'oni;i 
 
 .MiiiiiUiidiii ... 
 
 Miiskrika 
 
 _l:i|.\i|iissinn ., . 
 '0 IVirry Suund 
 
 I'Aiii.E II, --CITIES, TOWN'S 
 
 AND PlUNillI'M. VII, LACES 
 
 PliOVl.VCE OF O.NT.vmo. 
 
 iNAMKil UK IME Vii.r.Ac; 
 
 Acton West 
 
 Adsa Craig [... 
 
 Alliiori , 
 
 Ali'xandria 
 
 AI:n,T ' '"' 
 
 Alinutitii 
 
 Alloa '..'.'..'.'., 
 
 Ani/ier.sllninj '.'..,., 
 
 ,'iiii'usti.'r....'. 
 
 ■Vn;;iis '],.'" 
 
 A|i|jlt'loii 
 
 Ai'koiitt 
 
 Ainprior .'.'.' 
 
 Arlliiir ."._ 
 
 .h/t/jiir/tliam 
 
 Atlicrlcv 
 
 Aiills\ilit' .'.'..'.',.''.".'.'...."! 
 
 Aurora 
 
 AvIni'M'Wost 
 
 A\T 
 
 H iltinioro. 
 Bai-rie, C 
 Ikah ....... 
 
 B,itt(Tf^ea... 
 Bayliain .... 
 
 Bi'iuiisvilli'. 
 Iii'av("rloii.. 
 
 4.1 
 I 
 
 I'" 
 
 ml 
 '•u\ 
 
 m 
 
 13 
 :i3| 
 2!l 
 30l 
 
 Po|iula- 
 tioii. 
 
 7'in 
 
 7:iO 
 
 IdOO 
 
 8(10 
 
 ;i.-)0 
 
 '^.'kSO 
 
 ■idO 
 IIJ3fi 
 
 (idd 
 
 iOO 
 
 3di) 
 
 500 
 1711 
 
 900 
 1IU7 
 400 
 300 
 
 li;!2 
 
 1400 
 1300 
 
 Na.mijs (]|.- tiik V|1.I.,\i, 
 
 ;'8 
 
 ,V'0 
 
 it; 
 
 3:!i)8 
 
 1 
 
 (iOO 
 
 II 
 
 3.-)0 
 
 !' 
 
 3.H) 
 
 ■'l 
 
 1000 
 
 l'.)\ 
 
 700 
 
 I Belleville, C. 
 
 Ui'll Ewart 
 
 Berlin. C 
 
 Blairton 
 
 Blui'valo 
 
 BIytli 
 
 lioboavgi'oii 
 
 Rollon 
 
 Bonil llL'ail ..'.'.'..'.' 
 
 Huston 
 
 Bothwell, C ! 
 linwiiminville .... 
 
 Braci'bi'idge 
 
 liiadlbrd 
 
 Brampton, C , 
 Brantford, C. 
 
 Bi'idti.'iiort 
 
 liridi'wattT 
 
 Brigiit .' 
 
 Bii|.'litoii 
 
 Brookvillo, C, 
 
 Biunle 
 
 Hrooklin 
 
 Brouyham 
 
 Bruci.' Aliiifs 
 
 Brussp|« 
 
 Burfonl 
 
 BlUTIlS 
 
 Byng Iiilc't .'.. 
 
 Poimla. 
 tion, 
 
 («; Tiioso f.guros rolato to tlie numbers add,.! to tho Countios 
 
 17 
 :is 
 U 
 13 
 18 
 IS 
 10 
 ;3I 
 i.w 
 
 7:11 !."> 
 (ioo 
 2753 
 3,-)0 
 300 
 700 
 1000 
 lOOO 
 ,^00 
 oOO 
 O'J,") 
 3000 
 700 
 1130 
 2000 
 8107 
 700 
 
 4:,o 
 
 ,'iOO 
 I3.-.7 
 5102 
 
 5,^0 
 
 (i',0 
 
 .'IdO 
 I20,S 
 1000 
 
 (IOO 
 
 ■i'lO 
 
 307 
 
 Nami;s of Tiik: ViLi.AOfs. 
 
 O 
 
 C'aliisvillc 
 
 Cali'iloii 
 
 (lak'donia 
 
 Camden ICast.. 
 Campbelilbnl, , 
 
 jCanlield 
 
 Oanniflon 
 
 jCanninKloii 
 
 \i'arli'inn I' hue.. 
 
 '(-arroniirook ... 
 
 .Ciistlelon 
 
 Cayuga, tl... 
 
 i<:i.'Ulri'\illi' 
 
 Charleston 
 
 jCh.-irle.sviilo 
 
 iChatbam, C 
 
 lilialswiirlh , 
 
 ii^bi|ipa\v,i 
 
 ICIai'iMiiont 
 
 ICIaiksl.uri.' 
 
 ICIiirord ...'. 
 
 Cliflnn 
 
 ,Clii'lon 
 
 ;Cobourg, C... 
 
 (iolbnrue 
 
 iColebrook 
 
 Collinpwodd 
 
 Colomlms 
 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 I83'i4 
 57389 
 11873 
 30200 
 40;>.-i| 
 20572 
 (13289 
 57599 
 I5!I9.| 
 
 5007 
 2011 
 5100 
 1791 
 1519 
 
 Pujiula- 
 tien. 
 
 coutaiuedin tliu T.iblo 1. 
 
 300 
 30O 
 1240 
 500 
 1000 
 400 
 fiOO 
 800 
 1205 
 lOOO 
 400 
 803 
 300 
 300 
 300 
 5S73 
 450 
 922 
 500 
 300 
 050 
 1010 
 2010 
 4 142 
 823 
 300 
 28'>9 
 400 
 
 
i'lll'll'.l- 
 lion. 
 
 I.s:!u~ 
 r)7.'i,s9 
 1 1. ST.) 
 
 ■If)-,'.". I 
 
 (!:i'iS9 
 
 r)i(i(i 
 
 ITiil 
 
 Furran's Point 
 
 Fenelon Fulls 
 
 Fflrgus 
 
 Finga 
 
 Fitzroy Ilnrbor 
 
 Flesherton 
 
 Florence .,, 
 
 Fonthill.... 
 
 Forest 
 
 Fort Erif' 
 Fruiikroril 
 
 Gait, C. 
 
 '' iimiioqii 
 • ianli'n Islniu, 
 Ijiinlpii liivei' 
 (ii'urgi-'town. 
 OlMiiallan 
 
 (ilnncof; 
 
 Glon William 
 Ooderioh, C 
 Gorrie or Ho wick 
 
46 
 
 iN'ami> (i|.- TIM-: ^■rM.A(;l 
 
 DIVISION'S A.ST) POPIXATIONS. 
 
 lion. 
 
 Paisli'v 
 
 Paki'nhiiiii 
 
 Paris 
 
 I'urk Hill .■;.".;;! 
 
 I'alliTsdn 
 
 Pembroke, V: 1! 
 IV'ni'laii^'iiislii.'ih'... 
 Perth, C 
 
 Peterboroucr (.' 
 
 IVlnili:i .;..,, 
 
 I'ickiTiiij,' .... 
 
 Picton.c ! 
 
 i'l.iii>\iii,. 
 
 l''iim .Vijiiio ..'.'.' 
 
 I'diiil E.hvur'd 
 
 Port Hurwrll ' 
 
 I'oit CiilijoriiB .. 
 
 IVirt CriMlit 
 
 Purl Diilhousi.' .. 
 
 I'rtrt DdviT.... 
 
 I'nit //upc 
 
 I'oil IVrry 
 
 I'ort Fiobi'ii'ioii '. 
 
 i'ort Ildwan '. 
 
 I'drl liyi'i'Ke.., 
 
 PoMsmoiiili 
 
 I'"rl ll.iiil.'v '. 
 
 Prescott, V 
 
 I'roslon 
 
 I'riiicctDii 
 
 Q 
 
 Qlli'cwistnn 
 
 (v'lli'i'Il^Villi' . 
 
 R 
 
 lioiiii; 
 
 lionlrow 
 
 Hiclininiitl Hill..., 
 Hichniomi M'ost . 
 
 Hiiitjflown 
 
 ■HiviiTO Raisin .... 
 
 Jfuckwooil 
 
 IJuiidoau 
 
 i(J 
 
 1000 
 (If 10 
 '.'(j'lO 
 l.'iOfi 
 ■".(10 
 l.-.ds 
 10 
 v';it:, 
 
 ■lOI! 
 
 •.!().-> I 
 .'lOU 
 
 '.MGI 
 !l(IO 
 (iOO 
 
 1 000 
 
 I. -100 
 
 1 ■">00 
 
 ;i7:, 
 
 10(10 
 1100 
 ■MI4 
 I.VO 
 
 (iOO 
 
 000 
 
 ;i(io 
 
 I70-; 
 
 000 
 2017 
 I 'illS 
 
 (iOO I 
 
 NaMKS of 'IMK Vll.l.ACKS 
 
 ;i:,o 
 ;)()0 
 
 ."lOO 
 
 no:. 
 7.S', 
 ■iS7 
 500 
 
 :i.".o 
 coo 
 
 8J0 
 
 St. Catharines, C .. 
 
 .S7. Man/'.s 
 
 St. Thomas West. 
 Sali'iii ' 
 
 Sandwich, C ......." 
 
 Sarnia, (; ,,[_[ 
 
 Saiiijci'M 
 
 Sault Ste. iiarie. ci"! 
 
 Si'MlijI'lli 
 
 Si'ljrini:villi' 
 
 Selkirk .".".'.'.."." 
 
 Si'ni'i.M ' ' _' 
 
 Sliakpspcari' [ ','.'"" 
 
 Sliannciiivilli' 
 
 Simooe, 
 
 Siiiilh luitu ['"'] 
 
 Siiiillivilli> .'.'.'..'." 
 
 Spuria '...'.."... 
 
 Slayrit'r !.!.'.'.'."!', 
 
 Stirlint: 
 
 Slniiirvillc '.'.' 
 
 SlralToriK-ill.; ',' 
 
 Stratford, C ,'.'.',.';.7 
 
 Slnil/irot/ 
 
 Slrwlsville 
 
 C. 
 
 Taiiiwoi-ili 
 
 rara 
 
 I'avislock 
 
 Pi'i's water .... 
 
 TliamcsCdrd ... 
 |Tlianies\lllc .,, 
 
 iT.'iornliilJ 
 
 I'J'/ioruld 
 
 I'l'ilsoi.bury .... 
 Toledo. .,.' 
 
 Toronto, C. 
 
 Tri'iikm 
 
 Tvv(.'ed 
 
 Tyrone 
 
 U 
 
 :i-2 
 
 
 
 :u 
 
 ,■?(); 
 
 'JO 
 
 Union 
 
 U.xbridge , 
 
 
 |29 
 
 I'oj .Illa- 
 tion. 
 
 7H01 
 li I ;'() 
 700 
 NOO 
 1 1 00 
 2r)-2» 
 V-)TJ 
 iOO 
 IKOO 
 51 iO 
 .300 
 20'iO 
 iOO 
 700 
 l8Mi 
 1 500 
 ;)50 
 400 
 1000 
 l.'iOO 
 800 
 400 
 i.'ii:; 
 :mi 
 
 017 
 
 .lOO 
 
 .'l50 
 
 500 
 
 '150 
 
 500 
 
 500 
 
 COO 
 
 I(i:i5 
 
 1700 
 
 ,'iOO 
 
 5fi0;ii 
 
 2000 
 
 coo 
 
 .'iOO 
 
 .350 
 loOO 
 
 NaMICS or TME VlLLACI 
 
 Vanklcuf Hi| 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Vittoriu 
 
 W 
 
 Walkerton, C... 
 
 Walkiue/jurg 
 
 Wallacetown 
 
 Wardsvillc 
 
 Warkwortli 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Walerdornn 
 
 Wate.fiird 
 
 Walerldci , 
 
 WeHand, C 
 
 \V..||,iiid Port 
 
 Wellesley 
 
 Welliiifiton 
 
 Wellinfiton Square,, 
 
 \V.'st Fliiniborunf-'h. 
 
 IWe.l Port r.... 
 
 iWhitby, C. 
 
 AVidder siialion 
 
 Wilnmr 
 
 Wiiieliester 
 
 Wincl.wr 
 
 Win^'liani 
 
 Woodi)iM(ljTe 
 
 Woodstock, v.... 
 
 M'oo.lville 
 
 Wro.\eter 
 
 WyominL' 
 
 York 
 
 York Mills 
 YurkviUo ... 
 
 20 
 I 
 
 l()| 
 
 151 
 
 ;io 
 
 i 
 
 20, 
 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 IZephir „.. .[29 300 
 
 700 
 
 5i)3 
 COO 
 
 12(10 
 (iOO 
 100 
 5.(0 
 
 m) 
 
 ;iO(i 
 
 1000 
 
 1(0(1 
 1 50 1 
 
 I loo 
 
 .'iOO 
 500 
 517 
 700 
 .300 
 idO 
 27:!-^ 
 500 
 
 :)()() 
 ■Uio 
 
 ■125:! 
 
 700 
 1000 
 5000 
 
 '10(( 
 
 700 
 
 700 
 
 ■lOf) 
 
 ,350 
 
 2203 
 
Po|jula- 
 tion. 
 
 700 
 
 593 
 000 
 
 (Kill 
 iOl) 
 
 5:i!) 
 
 H()(t 
 
 ■Mm 
 
 IflOO 
 
 I .">!) 'i 
 WlHI 
 
 'Mm 
 5(1(1 
 
 517 
 700 
 300 
 ■'|(l(( 
 
 27:i-i 
 
 5(1(1 
 
 ;i(i() 
 
 iOd 
 
 «5:! 
 
 7(1(1 
 
 1(1(1(1 
 50(l(/ 
 
 ■'urn 
 
 7(l(j 
 700 
 
 ■100 
 
 ;!50 
 
 2;'oa 
 
 300 
 
 DIVISIONS AND POPULATIONS. 
 
 COlINTfES OF NEW nnuXSWICK, NOVA 
 
 y, 
 
 SCOTfA AND MilVfiK ICDWAIID ;sf,ANf) 
 
 ^t. Julin 
 2 (.'liarlulio 
 ■' 'lying's. 
 
 Queen's.. 
 
 i^unljurv. 
 
 _York 
 7 Garletofi. 
 
 >^ Victoria 
 
 Maila\vfisl<;i '. 
 10 Hcsligciiiclii", 
 
 I I (iloiUlf'Nli'c. 
 
 j;'N[orUjiiMiljerlanii. 
 li'Kont 
 
 TAiiMi IV.-CITIKS, TOW.VS 
 
 AM. pm.vc.nAr. VILI..\Gi.:s or NEW niiU\S\vic.v 
 PlilNCE EDWAIU) ISLAND. '^^""^^ ^'■''' 
 
 NOVA .^COTIA 
 
 Name 
 
 i'ii|iiila- 
 
 Arailia Mines 
 Ailvucad' lliirlu 
 Alljcit Mines. 
 
 AII)i'i'toii 
 
 ■•I"i'«.".v/, C... 
 Aiiiluvf'r 
 
 ■ Iniuiim'is, C .', 
 
 ■ I'l/ii/onis/i, C 
 Aiiiiiia 
 
 ■ Iricliut, 
 
 Ai'oiislunk 
 
 Cunii' 
 
 Baddeck, C. 
 
 li.iiu Vlt(i' 
 
 Uurnaby Kn,,-' 
 
 narrington 
 
 BaUiarsl, C 
 
 Hear Hiver 
 
 Hear Hivor 
 
 Hoilequo 
 
 liolliveaux 
 
 Hi'iiton ' 
 
 Horwick 
 
 Ulissvillo 
 
 Boieston .' 
 
 Uoisdale " 
 
 Bridowater 
 
 Briggs Corners 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Bucioucho ,, 
 
 500 
 0(;0 
 
 •im 
 
 700 
 2000 
 
 ■iOO 
 
 800 
 1000 
 
 500 
 1058 
 
 4(10 
 
 400 
 'im 
 
 80(1 
 
 m\ 
 
 000 
 400 
 300 
 20(» 
 200 
 500 
 300 
 2:iO 
 
 ■am 
 
 1000 
 500 
 3(J0 
 500 
 
 10 
 
 iamphiellton 
 
 Canning 
 
 Canso 
 
 ,tJapeJolin., . 
 jCajio Negro . 
 Caraquetto. . 
 
 Garleton i.^. 
 
 ICarlolon !'.."!..'...," \> 
 
 |Chaj)man 
 
 lOharlottet'own." c .■.■.".■ 
 
 Clie - - 
 
 =oggni 
 
 14 
 35 
 
 Cliester., 
 •^Iiigonaiso ...'.'..'.", 
 Clarke's Harljor" 
 Clements Port .. .. 
 
 (^'yJ'^' Hiver 
 
 Cocaigno '.'. 
 
 Goquerall ..".' 
 
 County IIarb(]ir 
 Cow Bay .... 
 
 I 
 
 'M 
 I.' 
 
 am 
 ooti 
 
 113(1 
 
 300 
 
 350 
 
 1000 
 
 1014 
 
 Dalhousie, C. . 
 Darmouth. 
 
 %/'y, C 
 
 Oorcheshr. C. 
 Uouglastown. 
 
 ■29 
 ,32 
 
 400 
 7000 
 300 
 000 
 450 
 4 00 
 300 
 300 
 000 
 300 
 300 
 1980 
 
 GOO 
 
 1951 
 
 80(1 
 400 
 
 Na.mi:s (,!■ rin-: ^'lr.t,A(;K.s. 
 
 E 
 
 l;ilnii)nilsli>n | }<l 
 
 EHersliaiisiin !.'!!.' I (i 
 
 p , , M( 
 
 ' 'if.'lislii()u rj i-ji 
 
 P 
 
 ;l'air\ille \ 
 
 ;l''alinonlli ..'...'.. 
 
 '•'"islmr's Grunt ".. 
 
 I'"ivc Islanrls 
 
 Fnllv Villai:.' 
 PRbBBRICTON'T;' 
 
 a 
 
 Ga/jet(jicn, C 
 
 lUcun/i-i^icn, V 
 
 :Col(len\illo 
 
 'Jirand Falls. C...!. 
 
 Grand Pn'-... 
 
 ;Cranville Kerry..'.. 
 
 Croat Village .' 
 
 (Jiiegon \ 
 
 (iiiijsliii oiig/i, C... 
 
 HALIFAX, C.. 
 
 Pii|'iila- 
 tioll. 
 
 400 
 300 
 5-.' ( 
 
 15(11) 
 '10(1 
 3011 
 (idO 
 ■100 
 
 (i:iO(i 
 
 I2N-0 
 ll(i:i 
 Oi.O 
 700 
 000 
 
 .mo 
 
 00(1 
 
 3;'il 
 
 l«87 
 
 29582 
 700 
 
II.IMllp.'k... 
 ll-.l'InlSI. 
 II •I.MM 
 
 lllll>!MI|ll|li. 
 
 //"/" '/■'/', ( 
 
 lli'iini!ii,i, i 
 
 nil. N'm.i.ai,i:m, 
 
 Mnrv ■...■.".■;.■ 
 
 
 .I.irksii 
 
 I /.oiii|iiii(|i<rry 
 
 Ij Liitl..' Isl.iMii ' 
 
 l.'Mliv|,iiii|-t; 
 
 Illlli.lillnWll 
 
 I^'i.i'' ll.irlMir-.. ..!!..'.'"'' 
 
 I'lipiilii 
 tiiill, 
 
 ;"i(ii) 
 
 ■ M\ 
 1)1111 
 .".III! 
 ■,'(! I 
 
 (III 
 
 Ki'lll|i|nll 
 
 Iv'lllli'li'iink ' 
 
 I h'ciilnllr. C ....!,!!'..,,'.'.,' 
 KlMf.'>lnJ| '..'.'.'.,..., 
 
 Kill;.' Inn '.'".'.','.'.' 
 
 K'MlilllliiiNu'lJill' .'.'.'.'.' 
 
 I l..iur''iH'.'l(]\vii ... 
 
 ! l..i\vri'iii-.'iu\vM . 
 
 ; l.mi-,. ; 
 
 ' l.illli' (iljii'i- fJay.'. 
 
 1 /./riv/ir/o/, (; '„„, 
 
 .'Kin 
 
 ,■!.•)() 
 177!) 
 .".00 
 (10) 
 Olio 
 
 000 
 .'100 
 illO 
 
 :iooo 
 
 100 
 000 
 
 700 
 
 N.uii:s III- luK Xii.i.Mii 
 
 Mnlil.lL'lii' 
 
 MiMjl,if:ii(, (;,,|,| Mi,,,,'^" 
 
 .\liiiT/iy Hiviir ',, 
 
 Miis((iMiilu|iuit Hiirl.or. 
 
 Xliriisllr. (,' 
 
 I.NiJWily Vii(,,|i|y 
 
 ■Vi'W Cii'i'iiiiiny 
 
 .Vor liltisi/iiw. c 
 
 .\i'\V I'nr'l' 
 
 .V'W I'lirt l.aiiiliii^'..".'.'.'." 
 
 ■Mil" .Mil.' Ci.vk... 
 
 .\oiili Sh|iii'\- 
 
 ;(i 
 
 1'0|>1||,1- 
 
 lii.li. 
 
 ;i-.() 
 
 ■'lOO 
 
 ;ioo 
 
 IIM 
 
 Na.mi: 
 
 s "I nil': \'ii,i A.IKS. 
 
 1;' 
 
 1 .•,00 
 
 M 
 
 .!.".() 
 
 .':i 
 
 .'iOO 
 
 .!7 
 
 'ri!),s 
 
 10 
 
 ioo 
 
 
 
 .")()() 
 
 1.! 
 
 .too 
 
 1-.' 
 
 1000 
 
 Oi'iiiinKiii, C 
 
 :I';iiTsIi()riiii(,'li 
 
 jl'.'I.SSJlglJ 
 
 I'i'lilr...li;ir "'" 
 
 ■'''lit'' <li^ (livil .... 
 
 I'irltiii. C 
 
 I'l.'iiii-^l.'r Covi' 
 
 I'mt ll.iwk.'slniry. 
 
 I'l'l-I llwid, 
 
 I'nrl/a/iil 
 
 I'.irt .Mi'.lway , . 
 
 I'lirt .Miilgnivi- 
 
 I'rinei'l.v.vn ' 
 
 I'rnsp.'.jt 
 
 'ii,L'\\a.-.|i " 
 
 ■'lOO 
 
 ')_- 
 
 fiOO 
 
 ■>\ 
 
 .'(00 
 
 II 
 
 ■iOO 
 
 :),i 
 
 ;i5o 
 
 ••'7 
 
 .'i'.'OO 
 
 .'io 
 
 1100 
 
 ;io 
 
 1100 
 
 .)0 
 
 700 
 
 1 
 
 l','.V.'0 
 
 22 
 
 (iOO 
 
 2f) 
 
 .'lOO 
 
 :i)i 
 
 l.'iOO 
 
 ■i'l 
 
 700 
 
 ■2.-. 
 
 700 
 
 i-'l. Shvv 
 
 SI. I'aiilv 
 
 St. IVliT'.s... 
 
 St. SU',,li,;i 
 
 Siilij-Liirv 
 
 Sli.i^' /JdVliur ...' 
 
 Sli.'iliii.' 
 
 SliHIiuriii', (.'..,. 
 
 ■^lnMl.r.M.k.' 
 
 •'^'o|i;'"K.in 
 
 S|]iil.i,.'im(jciiilii' 
 Soinis 
 
 SlM'ilJ^'Mll,. \\ 
 
 ■'piirr s (Juvu 
 
 Sl.'lljii'tiin 
 
 SiiiiDiirr.u'dr, i] .. 
 
 Siii/iifi/. C 
 
 S>.liM''y Miii.'s .. .'. 
 
 I.ili;.'i.'i' (.\..\vi 
 
 Taji^'i.T lOM, 
 
 r.ll.iril,'l;'(jllc|]" ... 
 
 I'l'li' k (iuilclll' 
 
 i'.iil.fook 
 
 Ti'.'O'ii'lJ.' 
 
 Tr.iiJiiili.' 
 
 I'runt. C 
 
 Tuski'l ",,\\\[ 
 
 U 
 
 l'p|..'r Kroiininy ... 
 LppiT Wod.lstijck. 
 
 w 
 
 Wallii.v 
 
 Walton 
 
 Wav.'rlcv 
 
 Wfl.llfTS 
 
 West Arriclial 
 
 W.'sl N(ii'tlilk.|,l 
 
 W.'slvill.' 
 
 Wcviiiiiulli. ....... 
 
 Wh'ili. Ilea.! 
 
 Wliycu.iomali 
 
 Wilson's B.'aoli 
 
 Windsnr, V. 
 
 Wint; HarLur 
 
 WollViil.! 
 
 W'imlsliick, C 
 
 Yurmmitli, C. 
 
 . I 
 
 '•iipiila- 
 liun. 
 
 .'Ki 
 
 .iOO 
 .".00 
 0()(J 
 
 .'iOOO 
 .100 
 .'iOO 
 .M)0 
 
 lOOl) 
 .".00 
 .')00 
 
 ;).".o 
 
 ado 
 
 ;i..o 
 
 .'iOo 
 
 ■.'.".(10 
 
 'Jooo 
 
 .'iOOO 
 
 2000 
 
 3i^00 
 
liuii. 
 
 .ioo 
 .till) 
 
 ■Mil) 
 
 Til II I 
 
 l(l(M) 
 
 ."lOO 
 
 ")(ll) 
 
 JDII 
 
 ;t.iii 
 
 .'iOO 
 
 '.'."lOll 
 
 v'dim 
 :i((i)ii 
 ■Jdoo 
 
 film 
 :iim 
 
 .JIIO 
 .■100 
 
 ;ioo 
 r.Mio 
 
 1700 
 
 ■•'.'lOO 
 
 i.'iO 
 
 I 
 
 ioo 
 
 DIVISIONS AND POPL'LATIONS. 
 
 AUr.E V._ 
 
 EXTENT and POPULATION of the DIFTEREnTparI-S 
 
 I.-GRAND DIVISIONS. 
 
 49 
 
 Of the GLOBE. 
 
 Divis 
 
 North America 
 South America 
 
 Europe 
 
 Asia 
 
 Africa .'.'." 
 
 Oceanioa 
 
 Aron III sqimrc 
 
 I mill's. 
 
 Tdl.il. 
 
 T.s-,7,iri| 
 
 fi,."i.r,'.Oli|) 
 
 .3,7(J."),l).i,s 
 
 l').!!)ii,l)iio 
 
 I I.OOS.DOO 
 
 i,"i.s(;,NCio 
 
 iS.OOo.lij;) 
 
 I'l'imluliun. 
 
 .'fi,«sn,ono 
 
 •.':)7,;i,'is,o(jo 
 
 <i.':).,'i'.'i(,ooo 
 
 01), I'f 1,000 
 
 ;)',',': 7. ".,000 
 
 Europe.— /•()/)/(;,,(c,/.) 
 
 Cot'.MIlIhs. 
 
 II.— North America. 
 
 (.''II'NTIIIKS. 
 
 Itiiiiiinidii olCiiKiild., 
 
 N'''wr(iiin(||iiii.| 
 
 Hi'i-imidii Nl.'iMils 
 
 n.inisli AiinTirii 
 
 rill|(?(l .Shiirs 
 
 Mi'Vii'i) 
 
 <:''nlrnl Aiii" 
 W.'sl Iiiij 
 
 '■n ;,i. 
 
 Tnhl 
 
 An 
 
 •'!,":^o,ir,i 
 
 I'.'.OO I 
 
 ::o 
 
 700.000 
 
 •1,010,000 
 
 OliH.OOO 
 
 21.1,000 
 
 'j,i,noo 
 
 r.>''.-i7,iiii 
 
 . rio,(i«-j,(ii 
 
 i'ii|iiii,iii(iii. 
 
 •'i.7'il,!M,-. 
 
 1:10,0110 
 
 1 1,70(1 
 
 71,000 
 
 .■!>•, ViO.OOO 
 
 0,170,000 
 
 2,Of)|,.HlO 
 
 ■i.-.'O'.MiO 
 
 riu.ssifi. 
 I''i7iri' 
 
 (lertnaiij 
 
 il'russia 
 
 'Aiiflria 
 
 .Switzerluml .. 
 l-'^pfiiii 
 
 f^tirtuj,',!! 
 
 'Iluly 
 
 !l'ii|i"al .Stalos .. 
 
 iTiirkcy 
 
 CiriM'i:!) 
 
 Total 
 
 i\ica ill sipiari' 
 miles. 
 
 •.'.00,-,,l 00 
 
 los.ooo 
 ll„li;j 
 
 I.I.HOO 
 71,7S,i : 
 t.io.ono I 
 
 VlO.l'OO 
 
 ir>.'.',-io 
 
 177,000 
 
 .•Ii,.i00 
 
 I 11.100 
 
 ■'l.^-OI 
 
 2o;|,,-,oo 
 
 lo.wo 
 
 •'i,7(i.-|,0,3S 
 
 I'ii|.|l|;i||,,|| 
 
 r.N.'I'Hl.Odl) 
 .Ti,,,;i.',ooi 
 
 ,\OIH(,(llll) 
 .1,700.01)0 
 
 i'i.o;iMioii 
 
 .'1 0(0,000 
 .lO.OOO.IiliO 
 
 '.'.i;i;o,oiMi 
 lo.7:i-.'.ooo 
 
 ,'t,(IO,'),lllii) 
 
 ■.'0,101,11(10 
 
 li!l,', 11(10 
 
 Ifi,i:i7.i (Id 
 l,:ilo,o'iii 
 
 ■^07, :;,'is, 011,1 
 
 V.-Aeia. 
 
 III.— South America. 
 
 '1 'kimliia.... 
 Vi.'iiiviiela ... 
 
 l'."''iiai|or 
 
 (iiiinna 
 
 liraWl 
 
 I'ciii 
 
 Ii(ili\u'i 
 
 Chili 
 
 I,a Plata 
 
 F'arapuav,... 
 
 I'nifiuay 
 
 J'alayimi.i .... 
 
 Tclal 
 
 ri7.000 
 110,000 
 ■-'0 <,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 .',7'M,000 
 .■■■10,000 
 iMO.OOO 
 200.000 
 
 sso.ono 
 
 ".'i.OOO 
 
 70,000 
 
 2.SO,flOO 
 
 ,.■'■".•,',000 
 
 2,7n."i,O00 
 l,."i'',,-,,OI)0 
 1,0.10,000 
 221,000 
 10,0.15,000 
 3 ,,'■.00, 000 
 l,9S7,00O 
 2. 1 .10.000 
 
 l.7;i7,ooo 
 
 I ,.'i.'!7,000 
 387.0110 
 1 20,00(1 
 
 •Sllioria 
 
 China 
 
 •fapan 
 
 Hindoo.siaii 
 
 ,l'"arthcr India , 
 ri'iirkestan .... 
 
 jATghaiiistan 
 
 iBoloochistan.... 
 
 I Persia 
 
 Turkey in Asia. 
 Aral.ia 
 
 .■-'10,000 
 
 K,:i-,'!l,OIIO 
 
 ,0N><,000 
 
 3110,1100 Oll'l 
 
 ■-";o,ooo 
 
 3,'i,IIOIl (Mill 
 
 , '.'.ill, 000 
 
 l.':o.oii(i iiiio 
 
 '.r.'o.ooo 
 
 1 .'.(Mill (Hill 
 
 (i 10, 000 
 
 'i. 0(1, III II) 
 
 .'i 10,0(10 ! 
 
 ■l.oo'i (iiio 
 
 l.iO.llOO ' 
 
 l,.'^'ii (1(1(1 
 
 ■170,000 . 
 
 i'.OOii (IIIO 
 
 0!;o,ooo 
 
 . 10, Olio (IIIO 
 
 ■.'00,000 
 
 ■S, 000, Olio 
 
 Tol.i 
 
 l.'i. 1 00.000 
 
 O20.,'!:o,o(i() 
 
 VI. -Africa. 
 
 2(; S80..IIKJ 
 
 IV. —Europe. 
 
 Great nrilain. 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Ndrwas' 
 
 l22..'i,-,0 
 
 i.i.noo 
 
 170,000 
 
 I2;i.ooo 
 
 3I,K 
 
 000 
 
 0(11.. .1(10 
 
 l,i:i,!i(iO 
 712,000 
 
 Sahara 
 
 Mnrocco . 
 
 Algeria 
 Tripoli. 
 
 I'linis 
 
 '■'t:y\<t '^'l.l'Z 
 
 .Viihia 
 
 Aliy.spjnia 
 
 ijiJieria 
 
 Kast.rii Africa '...7. 
 
 Sierr ■ Leone 
 
 Koninfiin. Srnii.iar. 
 jCajio Coldny 
 
 2.190,000 
 
 222,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 l.^n,ooo 
 
 00,000 
 
 1.^0,000 
 
 .'120,000 
 
 2.S0,000 
 
 .110,1100 
 
 612,000 
 
 11.000 
 
 liiO.OOO 
 
 2:io,ooo 
 
 2,000.000 
 «,.Ml0.lllrt) 
 3.000.IIII0 
 
 700.000 
 
 3„'iOO,(i(io 
 
 0,211.000 
 
 .'.OO.OOO 
 
 .1,000.11110 
 
 80.(1.10 
 J, 000. Ill 10 
 
 .10.000 
 
 1,000,0:^0 
 
 2o^),eoo 
 

 IMAGF EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 k 
 
 A 
 
 {/ 
 
 ^ J^ii. 
 
 
 A 
 
 t/^ 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 11.25 
 
 ■ 50 """^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 1.4 
 
 12.5 
 120 
 
 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 iV 
 
 ■1>^ 
 
 ^\ 
 
 •% 
 
 ^y^/'i^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 <^ 
 

 i/.A 
 
 ^ 
 
 ;s 
 
 
50 
 
 DIVISIONS AM) POI'L-'-ATIONS. 
 
 Tablo v.- ContinualA^EXTENr AND POPULATION 
 
 Africa. —\('onli)iiiril.] 
 
 pIrTS OF fHE G^L^^b'^,^ °^ "^^^ DIFFERENT 
 
 Vir.— Oceanica. 
 
 Cfir'NTruics. 
 
 Ai-i\n ill 
 
 mil 
 
 si[iiari'| 
 
 1 PI- 
 S •III- 
 Smii.I.- 
 Aii>h 
 Mi.Im 
 OiIm.t 
 
 •nlii|> Colli 
 1' liiiincii .. 
 r' (iiiin<';i . 
 
 '.inilii.i 
 
 Ill 
 
 filiiiii Alric 
 -.iM'.'ir 
 
 ■ l^l.llKJS... 
 
 ilrv. 
 
 ■J'lilal 
 
 .TVl.oiiO 
 .'iTO.MOII 
 '•.'•"id, (!()() 
 ."Nd.fKIO 
 
 l.^'iim.diiii 
 
 '.',:ii')'i,i)^;n 
 
 lir.,oiM) 
 
 ll,00o,0(J() 
 
 'I'liL-ilioii, 
 
 T, (too, 000 
 .^,i'00,oriO 
 
 s,ooo,ooo 
 
 2o,ono.oon 
 
 i^,;'oo,o.io 
 
 4,7oo,nnn 
 
 i'>,ooo,ooo 
 
 0(!,'ii/i,000 
 
 fOVNTRlrS. 
 
 Siimnlrn 
 
 l''lori'.s. ■riiniir 
 
 lava 
 
 Borncn 
 
 oipiies '.■,'.'.'.'! 
 
 ^[ii''e Miimls .' 
 
 I'liilip|iini's 
 
 I'ollJHlsi'l 
 
 •Vuslrajia 
 
 Tasmania 
 
 .Vi'\vZ(!alaiiii '.'. 
 
 N''w (liiiiiPa 
 
 Oilier Isluiiils .'.' 
 
 Tola I 
 
 Table VISCOUNTIES Province of QuebeoJ 
 
 (.'"uuli.'.s ami ).iiiicijial Tuwiis. 
 
 
 In 
 I 1 
 l: 
 l,i 
 )• 
 I'. 
 li; 
 IT 
 
 IS 
 10 
 VO 
 
 ■.'I 
 
 ?•■! 
 
 ?0 
 
 ;i(t 
 •■il 
 :i;' 
 
 iIlli.TP 
 
 nilawa 
 
 \i';.-i'iiti>ilil 
 
 Twii Mciiiiilaiii 
 
 N'aiiiJri.'iiri 
 
 SdiilaiiL'PS 
 
 Iliiiiliiif»i|iiii .... 
 
 Hi'.niliarniiip. .. 
 
 <!liali'aiii.'iiay.,. 
 
 Napii'i-viHi; 
 
 '!• .loliii 
 
 ..ipraii'ic 
 
 Cliaiulily 
 
 i \ ''ri'lii''i'i'K 
 
 'liMrlii.l.iL'a 
 
 (.aval,..,; 
 
 .Iari|iii>p-{;;i|.|i,,|-, 
 t/,\ss(implioii,. . 
 
 Ti'nvliriiiiip 
 
 M"o!i'aliii 
 
 •I(i|i|.U(i 
 
 lii'l'llliiT 
 
 Maskiniiiii.'i' 
 
 SI, .Maiirli-o 
 
 ''■'liainplaiii 
 
 •Viriili.t 
 
 Vaiiiaska 
 
 lilcll.'li.Ml 
 
 'SI, Ilvai'iiilli 
 
 Hai.Ml' 
 
 ItnllMlli' 
 
 Iliii\illi' 
 
 'I' Mif'ilali'ii IslathU 1 
 
 • •. Porlih/r ilu fnii 
 
 ■ •• Ai/liiirr 
 
 ■ ■• l.dchiite 
 
 *•■. •S7. Srhiiln.Uiiiiir ... 
 
 • •• yai/diYiiil 
 
 .,, I'lilnni-I.d/Klin;/ 
 
 • .. /Iiiiili/ii/ilnii ' 
 
 .,. Ili'aii/Hinini.s 
 
 ■•• SI. Maiiii),- 
 
 •■■ ■*>'/• Ci/iirirn ! 
 
 .■.Sl.j:,l,n I 
 
 .. l-iijij-dirif I 
 
 .. l.diKiiiniil I 
 
 ■ • \'nif)inr<: I 
 
 • • l.'»i'ju,--l'iiinl,' I 
 
 -SI. /to.u- i 
 
 • • I'o/iilr-riiiirr | 
 
 ...S7 ,/,v,;,;,, . 
 
 • St. Jiilir/ilir j 
 
 ■ ■I'ilirllr I 
 
 ■ lU'riInn- .'." 
 
 ■ Hiiii'ir-(lii-l.<iiip I 
 
 ■ YiiDiiir/iirhi' 
 
 ■ Si. tlnifrii'ri' 
 
 • lU'rmh'mir 
 
 SI. h'ranmis itn i 
 soiri ...: 
 
 SI. Iliiarinllie 
 
 SI. Ilii.uilir 
 
 S. Marie <lf Mununir.l 
 Ihm'illf I 
 
 In'long to tlie oTocloniT 
 
 I'opulalion. 
 
 Coiiiitio.^aiKl priiii-ipal '\\<\\::^. 
 
 Mi:-,'^isijiirii 
 lironii- 
 
 SlarislMail 
 
 SlicMniij 
 
 Slirrliroiiki' ... 
 
 Hioliiiiiiiiil .... 
 
 Dniiiiiniiiiil ... 
 
 Woir.. 
 
 jC'iiiipliiii 
 
 IHi'aun. 
 
 i'Mi't-'aiilir 
 
 Arllialiaska ... 
 
 l-dlliiiiii'iv 
 
 lfi\ is 
 
 Dorclic.'.ler 
 
 Hi'llcrliussc .... 
 \foiitinaqiiy .... 
 
 Pf rlniMif 
 
 |l,)Oi'|ii'C 
 
 ;Mfiiiliiini'iincy ., 
 
 I<.liarli'\(ii\- 
 
 I|;'l>i|r| 
 
 'Kaniiiiiiviska ... 
 ! rHiiiif:r(iii:|tji ... 
 
 !<iiii'''iiiliiiii 
 
 jSa^fiii'iiay 
 
 jHimnuski 
 
 OtaspM 
 
 iBniiavontiiro ... 
 
 iLalirniior 
 
 j .Magdalen Kslanc 
 
 r.nlfnnl 
 
 Kimirlliiii 
 
 ^llUl.sh'dii.... 
 
 ... sidjijd-ii .'.'.■ 
 
 S/drl/r(i(i/;r 
 
 Id'ilniioiiil 
 
 /IniDiiiidiiflrHlr.. 
 
 Hidhdill 
 
 <'(l(lks/lill\ .. 
 
 si.jnsqii, ',;.'.'.■; 
 
 Iircnir.'i.s 
 
 SI Chrislnfitir 
 
 I.'illd'iiiirf 
 
 — l.ni'.i 
 
 ■ ■■■SI. Ili-nnln)t' , . 
 
 ■ ■■■SI. .)lirli,-/ .'" 
 
 ■ ■..Moitlnidijiiii 
 
 ..■■''dp-Sdiih''. '..'.','. 
 
 ■ ■..I'lldlic.\lir,iini ,, 
 
 ■ ■■■I'lidhdu-llirhrr.. 
 
 ■ ■■H'lii' .SI. Paul 
 
 ■■•.'•/• ./.■('/( I'd l.,l,,li ,. 
 
 ■ ■■SI l.duis (If hiiin'l.d 
 
 ■ ■■III' Vi-rtr 
 
 .. I'/iiruiiliidi ', 
 
 ,., Tdilidi.idr 
 
 ■ ■■Iliiniiii.\/,i .... 
 
 ■ .I'rnr . .'.'..'■■■■ 
 
 ■■■.\'nr-l\iiii.i/r....'. 
 
 Is 
 
 I)., 
 
 District of Gar. 
 
 I'lilTKAThlX. 
 ^•"lOII. 11(1(1 
 
 000.(,(I0 
 
 l-.'.ooo.ooo 
 
 .i.OOO.ooo 
 
 '.',o(i(),(mi) 
 •.',;,'>o,(iiio 
 l,oi). 0(1(1 
 
 • •••"i,0()l) 
 
 l.^'iO-,,(ii;(| 
 
 lO'l, (1(1(1 
 
 -C'l,! 0(1 
 
 700,(10(1 
 
 .1 00. (Kill 
 
 .■)■.', •.':,-',roo 
 
 I'c polaliMii. 
 
 li:o;-.' 
 
 l:i7.-,7 
 
 i:!i;i,s 
 
 loo;7 
 
 s:,\i; 
 
 ll-.'M 
 
 li-'si 
 
 s>s'.':i 
 
 !.iO(i.-, 
 
 ■;:;y.\ 
 
 I ;; 70 
 
 17011 
 
 '.'oiiik; 
 ■-"is.ti 
 i;7;o 
 
 170 17 
 
 i;i,v,,-. 
 
 •.'■,','i(;!i 
 
 7!»,'io(; 
 
 l;'o,v,-, 
 
 rviii 
 
 l:iil7 
 
 \!i;;:il 
 
 ■-'■,' ill I 
 
 i;i!i,i 
 
 I7K,H 
 
 ':iriiK 
 i:.;,r,7 
 i:i!)?:) 
 
 :i(!!)0 
 
 .tI7': 
 
NT 
 
 l'"l'tl.\TI(l\. 
 
 l.'illll, 0(111 
 
 I. ',1111(1,(1(10 
 .i,IK((l,(i(i() 
 
 '.'.niMi.odo 
 '.'.;'n,i)(ii) 
 
 l.ll II, (!(!(( 
 
 i"l."i,ll(l(( 
 
 I, •'<l, .(!(,() 
 III'MMKt 
 '.'(■■.■|.( (1(1 
 "11(1, (l(|(, 
 •|llll,(l(i(( 
 
 '!■.', 
 
 .\l'('() 
 
 I'l |Mllllli,„i. 
 
 Ii:ii.',' 
 1,1 7,-, 7 
 l.'M.I.S 
 
 iii(i:7 
 
 x,-,ii; 
 ll-.M,i 
 
 II -.'.SI 
 
 !,li;(i,-, 
 ■^7-,:i 
 I i; 7:i 
 I7i;ii 
 
 ■-'IKICd 
 
 ■."in:!| 
 i;77!) 
 
 i;i;i7 
 
 '.'■.'.■,(i!l 
 
 7!t;i(i(i 
 
 I '.'ON.-) 
 IV! I I 
 
 i.r>i7 
 ? I v, 1 
 
 1 7 i!l,1 
 I7K,S 
 
 l:,:,57 
 no;;) 
 :i(iii:t 
 
 .TI7'2 
 
 DIVISIONS AND POPLXATIONS. 
 
 T^b^.^^^PAB^^HES^V^.^K3 .„. ^^^^^^^^i::^^^^^;^^^^^;^- 
 
 Pahisiies and Towns. 
 
 Al)l)nllsf,.nl 
 
 Adoii Vul>! 
 
 •Mlii^'lit I.s|,ii„i .. 
 
 Allddlrllcs 
 
 Adiicosil 
 
 Aiiii,i;.'|i " 
 
 Aitliitluiskmin,. _.. 
 
 Asciil 
 
 Allrklijii,] 
 
 Ajllnicr, C 
 
 A\l\viii 
 
 i{ii^'ni\iiiM ; 
 
 .V. I'uids It, III, C 
 li.i.slMcd ... 
 
 n.d'dpiiiii 
 
 li,(sk;il(Jdg ..,. 
 
 H.llisr,(M ',[',,,' 
 
 Reauharnois, < 
 
 It'MUldridl 
 
 H''i|d|'ij|'! 
 
 H''i',irinidr, C 
 
 Hi'.lldcd, (; ■ 
 
 Hi'^idii 
 
 Hi'll'Tli.i.^M', or M'ii'iii 
 li'^ld'H 
 
 H''i!iii.T .■."■.■".■; 
 
 Berthier, C 
 
 Ui'llllh'C, ('II ll.is 
 
 H''lsi,i(dili's, Ac 
 
 Ilii'iirilli- 
 
 liniidd ;.'.■.',■; 
 
 li'lddi' K<|» IMII.N. .... 
 l{dSlUd,(l,>.. . 
 
 H'liiclirri-illc 
 
 H inclnnid \ 
 
 HdWId.lll 
 
 HriMdl .■.'." 
 
 lilMlllK! 
 
 HTOlllpllld 
 
 l>i-(id).'hl(,d 
 
 lidL'kld-ll;idl 
 
 It'irliiniilium 
 
 lidcklaidl, il':,(>li 
 
 HlK-kl.lldl, |\Vr.-|i.., . 
 
 HiiIsIi-inIc; 
 
 (.'■ii'iMiri.i 
 
 t'lii-iiiiiui 
 
 (.'.ihidii'L '. 
 
 ')iiid('i-iiii 
 
 <.'iiir.'.'M'cl,((;^(|.,|iiii','A 
 
 (.'.■i|ii' CImI 
 
 <.'.i]ii' (I- III M,(i.'clclcid( 
 
 '.'a|M' fli'S J{(]slris , 
 
 *'n\iit S,id(.', 
 
 Oiling Si. Imji,,,.,. 
 
 r.ii'lci(di 
 
 I'ii|iUl;i- 
 liiiii. 
 
 I'aiiisiiks and Towns. 
 
 dLI\. 
 
 ill 
 
 I'.^iriirc, (,r s(. (;,'mid.. 
 
 i'.';isi'iiji,.(liuo 
 
 j<-'.is.:j;i-,lill 
 
 j'.'liamlily .'..''" 
 
 \ )'/llllllh/j/ "'.'.', 
 
 [('Iiiimlil'ii iliasiii) .' .'. 
 
 'j<:iiiilli(idi 
 
 ,<ili.d'li's/i(iid'^.', (; 
 
 I'.liiiiciii-iiiciii.r, (\..... 
 
 dli'dirr 
 
 '•Mri'liiriiig 
 
 <:iii'>ii'c '."...■'" 
 
 I.lllcliisld- 
 
 '•liictiiilidii 
 
 C/liriiiiliiili, C .'...'. 
 
 ':iil"ii,l,i| s [ 
 
 <.'l.ircdi|iii( 
 
 <:ii'M'l.nii| ".'.' 
 
 Clil'ldll '"'_' 
 
 Ciiiilicitiik .'.".'"' 
 
 ,'^lld|ll(in '.'.'...... 
 
 (.'dllll'CciiMII' '._ 
 
 • iiHiksliii-c, c "__'_'_ 
 
 Ii'i'Ii'iiii-ImiiiIiiii/, C ' 
 
 I OddMii St. |,niiis 
 
 I 'Vih' ||.' 1,1 Vi.sil.llinli...' 
 
 |,'ii'llc! ill's IV'i'jjICS 
 
 •idllldll^'O 
 
 I r.nK ■■;■_• 
 
 ..(.Viinlidin'ric '[ 
 
 |j(.VimI(i> '' ' 
 
 llhinrilh' '.'.'!".'.! 
 
 ::n''Miiii\iii,. 
 
 'I)''IT.V .".'..'..'. 
 
 l>''^i'li:ldllpiHllt '" 
 
 ll"ld'il>l('C 
 
 ,M("i-i;is !!'^!"!! 
 
 I'liiiiimnihlrillr, V. . 
 
 .iiii'iswi'ii, (.' ■■; 
 
 ■Kdidtiido [''_' 
 
 iDndili'i' 
 
 Iliinliiirii ...!."..'.'."..'..".'." 
 
 \iiiii:/niin !!!!!!!." 
 
 Ildiliiidi 
 
 K.dl.'v 
 
 Kl^'iii' 
 
 I'lh '^.■^^'y.Z''['.'.] 
 
 KM'dllld.lids '"_'" 
 
 I'js'IMNd,'(ll,\ (I'dim,. (Ii'inJ,! 
 I'.tcliciliiii 
 
 , , '?""f"'"Mnv.v/);:.':;:.".: 
 
 •■'' '••'' I'iii'diiidii 
 
 i''.ii'dii.iiii 
 
 I'Vudklid 
 
 I'irlii//,.sl,ii, ij !..'..",',' 
 
 I'dpdla- 
 liun. 
 
 Paihshes and Towns. 
 
 IN 
 
 , (id 
 
 ,l,-.(l 
 
 .'(II 
 
 .'1 
 
 (il,-) 
 
 01 
 
 ;'(i 
 
 .<■! 
 
 1(1(1.') 
 
 I.i 
 
 I',' 7!) 
 
 l.i 
 
 (UK) 
 
 n 
 
 778 
 
 :( 
 
 .11-.' -2 
 
 il 
 
 210.'! 
 
 )-.' 
 
 KilS 
 
 li 
 
 lM(l(i 
 
 i!) 
 
 ."■).■. 1 
 
 I'l 
 
 3(ll)-> 
 
 Hi 
 
 (iilSJIl! 
 
 (ii'diiiiy !!'..'!!.'..'. 
 
 'jdildiaiiclidsli'!-, C.... 
 lui'O 
 
 I'l'iinhii \\ , 
 
 '•ii'aiiliv 
 
 i'lcacd'liiiy '.".'..' 
 
 jfii'Kdd \{\\\n- 
 
 ,<;i',idtli,'ini .".',' 
 
 i'!i'''dvilk' ' 
 
 ,<!iini|;l(iiid Isliitiil...'.. 
 
 r.rmiildc's 
 
 j'li'oiip x\ii('ili '."■■ 
 
 |<!i'0di) Soiilli ... . 
 Ilalifa.v 
 
 Ham ■,■.'.;;;;■ 
 
 Haniijldii .,..^. 
 
 Hamjilon ,..,..'.' 
 
 llnri'inf,'ton 
 
 H.irtwcll 
 
 riaticv 
 
 llav(;loik. C '.'" 
 
 lIoborivillL- ' [[]] 
 
 Ili-'mniidgiuril ..,, 
 
 Tcnrivlllo ."..', 
 
 Iferufdi'd '. \\[ 
 
 irmnliiiirjlji-ookc. .,.'.."'."' 
 
 Iloidu'lagii , 
 
 Hope 
 
 jllewan! ,' 
 
 Hull 
 
 Hull '.■.■.■.'.;.; 
 
 //unlhii/don, C 
 
 Miiiiliji'slown 
 
 Iberville, C 
 
 'nvdrnoss, C 
 
 Ireland [[[ 
 
 Isloaiix-Cdiidci's.. ."...'.', 
 
 lL!le-aiix-(;ruos , 
 
 Isle-Hizard ',,',[ 
 
 lslo-du-1'ads 
 
 Nl« I'crrdt .". 
 
 I-ld Vi-rlo, C '.'." 
 
 Joliette, (; 
 
 iron-idii'i'd 
 
 Ivuki'iionpa 
 
 Kiimodrask.'i 
 
 Ktiiuniiiaska .'.', 
 
 Kingston [ 
 
 Kidf/Sfy [ 
 
 Kinf,';-i'y Kalis, (Wc's'ij'.'." 
 
 Kingsi-y rails, (l';isl| 
 
 KiiiiU'IIdii, \. 
 
 I.a H.(i.' 
 
 I/Acadii- ■,■.■.■." 
 
 f/nke of Two Mniid(ain«. 
 
 ii's odnl 
 
 itlUiijis ai'o ill iialic 
 
 ini'il ill tlio pcijcL'dinL' table. 
 
 I'npiil 
 tinll. 
 
••IV ^ 
 
 ' 
 
 DIVISIONS AND POPULATIONS 
 
 [ I'aPIIMIKS ami Til 
 
 I 
 
 '■'II lll'll,lll. 
 
 '..Ullillr [['[ 
 
 ] Lachine , 
 
 I t-'l C/ltlir, C .. 
 
 I i.;iiMiir .■,;:;;;. 
 
 i,n li'iiiii'-Liiivii,. 
 
 ' l.iimliiDn 
 
 I I' AMrii'iiiii'-J.i iv||i.' 
 1 I.'AllL'|.-(;;iri|ir|| 
 
 l<'Ali^'r-(illl-ilii'|l ■( ,| 
 
 I lirfl) 
 
 Ii'Aii^'i'-(',,nilii|i 
 
 '"IlllllVlil' 
 
 I.'Ans.i'-iiii-(:.i|. V. ! 
 
 fi'Aiisixiu-diiiiuii ... 
 
 I.'il'iviir'ii' 
 
 I.<il>ritiri,', (.' .'..' 
 
 I.il l'/■l■^•_■nl,■|lili|l .., 
 
 I/AsMim|ilifiii 
 
 l-'As.siiiKp/idii, c 
 
 I.iili'n-ii'Ti' 
 
 I.:ival '.'."■ " 
 
 '.ilviilU'ii' ',".,'.'.'.'' 
 
 '•'Avriiir .]..'. 
 
 I Ii'i \isil,-iiiii]| . ...!!!"!! "' 
 j l.i'i'ils, C, ' " 
 
 ''■i:i'i|iii;iiiii' .' 
 
 I.'^s (:,■., Iri^s ,■." 
 
 l.i'S lOllullli'llliMlls 
 
 Levia 
 
 i.i.'vns ■;; 
 
 '.iMf.'tt-11'l; ' 
 
 I I.illlrl'i' .... 
 
 f/lsl.'l .'.'. 
 
 ! A7.v/,7 
 
 I I.iiili;ilMT Z"'".'. 
 
 I.iiiiL'iii'-r'iiinli', c 
 
 '.I'll^'lll'llil '.". '"[ 
 
 Longueuil, C 
 
 /.I'l^iiiiiTi' 
 
 f-'i\v 
 
 M'l.i.^ :;:..■;.::.. 
 
 .\l.niloii\ 
 
 Mm.ii,,!,..... " ■ ■ 
 
 ; M'iIImi,. '.Z[.'''.'.'. 
 
 ■ M.llliiilll.lvMll ,.'. 
 
 M.IIIM 
 
 ; M'lna '■■'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.. 
 
 I ^!'n'ii'\i||i'. c ,. ,', 
 
 j .M.'islKllll '.'.'....... 
 
 ' .MiisliiriiiM:.'r> .... 
 
 I MiiiJiMi',..: '.'.Z'."" 
 
 i M.il, iiiiii.il 
 
 ! Mi'Xi.l.r .'.".r..."'" 
 
 Mi'rr.ilina 
 
 Mi'Kiii.i,' .... 
 
 M-iiiuiii... !!!.'.',",'.'.';.■; 
 
 Mn'liiiiiriii' 
 
 ^•''I:ii"''li'i. (f.'lii-, ,';ii 
 
 -Mi'ii-^ , ....■.■,■,■."; 
 
 lion. 
 
 I'aII Mils AMI TOW.NS 
 
 :n 
 
 •I'll 
 
 ."i!l 
 
 ' .MiliiJ I.sli;s 
 
 Miiiffiiii "' 
 
 M(li!-i<! '.''_'■ 
 
 Miiiiiiiia'i " \"" 
 
 M'iMiil Caiiui i '......'.," 
 
 M'linil Cariiii'l 
 
 M"niil I/iiiis 
 
 •• jMontmagny, iZ'. 
 
 '■' [jAliMiiMiiin .\i' 
 
 li i|.Mii|ihTal, il'aroissc'i' 
 .Montreal 
 
 'i i -Miils-ra\,. '.; 
 
 " I Niilajijiiari 
 
 .Valinii, {N.iril,, . .Z.".'. 
 't [ -Vt'lson 
 
 !> I .Ni'iivillij . 
 
 7 .\"\v Carli.-^li., C.ZZ' 
 
 ^ I N"\v Clastriiw ."" 
 
 ' , -Vi'U- I'lul ." 
 
 * I N'l^V liirllii.ijiiil. .,.'..'.'." 
 
 ' j .N'i'wioii 
 
 ' .\i('ii|i>(, 
 
 1 'l.\iirlliliii|i| ZZZ. 
 
 Ni'lro-Dainii ili' l,i Vio,^' 
 1 Ni'li'i'-Daiiiiiili! liiin.m'c't 
 ;,N-nami.' chi I'oria.'o 
 
 '^WaivHI,. " 
 
 i.Oiislow.... 
 
 llOrlunl '..!.!'.",'..' 
 
 j Oiii'ssoiii'aii 
 
 il'aliDS 
 
 I I''Tce, C. ....... '.'.'..".'.'," 
 
 L'lVMiliniika 
 
 j,Pi'lili'-liiviL'ri' .'."■ ■■ 
 
 jll'llllipshlll';; ' ... 
 
 ! I'ii'rrL'\il|(;' .'.'.'..'.' 
 
 liPikaiiiii-k 
 
 ::P/i:isi.\rillr ZZ... .'.'." 
 
 ,l*ii|iii|ii'^',niiniik ." "" 
 
 ;;I'oinli>-aux.Trrnil,|,.s.."' 
 
 i;l''iiiili'-(:ii,ii'ii '■ 
 
 ^\l'(iinlr-CI,tii;\ (, ...'.'.' "■■ 
 
 il'iiinio-ili's-Miiiiis . .! 
 
 I'nilllP-illl-I.iic ... 
 
 I'oi't Daiiipi 
 
 I'lirllariil 
 
 I'nrlni'iil' 
 
 I'utliiii ZZZZZ 
 
 -'riliri'\ iili' ."."."_"_ 
 
 Quebec ZZ... . 
 
 Ifi'|ii'ii(if,'iiy 
 
 Iti'sti^'oiiclii' ' 
 
 Hirlii'lii'ip Z.Z.. . 
 
 Iticlirmo/iil, C . 
 
 Ili--M,| ■..'.'.'.'.' 
 
 Rimo;i.3ki. (,' ....... 
 
 HipfiM 
 
 l(ivii''iv-a-rAj,r|], 
 
 I'd; III III- 
 timi. 
 
 i'AIIISIlES A.\D Tl)\V.> 
 
 I'S . 
 
 or 
 
 .):) 
 
 i;il 
 
 Cil 
 
 .il 
 
 jillivii'ic-aii-haT..'. 
 illii\ii"'|-u ail iJoif c'l 
 
 ■11' , 
 
 Hn ii'irc-Cri'ii.'ie. .. 
 Hivii''rc.i|i.s.i>|.iiipi, 
 "ivirri'-ilii-Loiip 
 llirirn-tlii-l.tiii,}. 
 
 p'Tviiic ;. 
 
 Hivii'iv-iiii-i.iiiip 
 
 Itivirrc .\iiiiv 
 
 |lt.\ii'ir-()iii'||i.. . 
 
 jH'ilHTval .""■ 
 
 j'iiiiif:,., (Vi.rlh, ...."■' 
 
 jliiiMnn Kall.s 
 
 i'fi'vlDii .... 
 
 i'^i.A.apii :::::;:.: 
 
 'si. Amii' 
 
 "'•'■i '"^l. Alliaii.. .. 
 
 "1(10 isi Aii.iTi .■.■.■.;;.■;.■. 
 
 ■^jl. Ali'.xaiiih'i' 
 
 '^l- Ali'xaiiilri'. . 
 
 ,SI Alexis '.'.'.'. 
 
 .•''I. Al|iliiiiisi' Z. 
 
 ■"^I. Amlii'diM.' 
 
 AiiaoliH 
 
 Ariilri. ■.■.".'.' 
 
 Aiiili-r. Avi'liii ..'.".".' 
 
 Anilrows 
 
 Aiiii'i't ... , ".'.' 
 
 1^1. AiisrliiiP 
 
 ■"^I- Aiiloiiii' A ill 11 ■.".".','.' 
 
 '^l. Aiildiiii' ]] 
 
 •"^l. AlUulllO (III 'rilly.'.'. 
 
 Anloiiiii '; "'. 
 
 .Aiiiiaiiil 
 
 Arsi'iiii 
 
 ■■^l. Alliaiiasi'..., 
 
 «l. AiiImtI '.."'.■,. 
 
 '"^1. All;.'iisliii .' ,' 
 
 i^l. Aii^iisliii 
 
 «t. liamnliv 
 
 !^t. liariiativ ."■' 
 
 >^l. liarllirliMiiv... 
 
 Si. Masil .". 
 
 Si, M ,H 
 
 Si. Horiianl '.'.■..; 
 
 St. liniiaVL'uliiri' ' 
 
 Si. liniiio 
 
 CaliMr 
 
 [Si. (;aiiiilli' .'.■'" 
 
 St. (;aiiiit .'.'.' 
 
 SI. dasiiiM-i' " 
 
 St (,'i'|0',(i|| '"' 
 
 ■V. (V.uiirc .' 
 
 S^.. (Ii'saii'o 
 
 SI. Cliarli's (11- Lai'lii'iiaiii 
 
 Si. Cliarii's . 
 
 St. Charles ■.■.'.,'; ] 
 
 ,St. (;li,irles liuri'oii,,.,) ...' 
 
 |S|. (Ilirisliiplir 
 
 |SI. CInni.'iil 
 
 |Si. cici ;;■;; 
 
 ISl. (.'iijiiinl) or Si Iji'ry. .,..'." 
 SI. Ciiloipliaii 
 
 i( 
 i( 
 I 
 
 I.I 
 
 I I'lipiila- 
 lioii. 
 
 \ni 
 
 771) 
 ';!)•.',•) 
 
 I.Vil 
 ii7i 
 
 I."..-. 
 '.'ok; 
 •.'4(17 
 
 7.'i 
 
 !);i-2 
 '.'.mii 
 
 (J.-,7 
 
 (7 
 
 I '■> 
 
 I 'I 
 
 U' 
 
 .v: 
 l.i.) 
 
 jii 
 
 ii 
 111 
 
 "id 
 
 . .Ill 
 .!l:ii 
 
 ■ '"' 
 
 'I ' 
 
 "id 
 
 ■,'(! 
 
 .11 
 .li 
 
 iK 
 
 ;'!! 
 
 ■>l 
 
 li 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 .■!l.-|() 
 
 idli.") 
 
 ;!7i 
 
 I u;:i 
 
 .■i.id.'j 
 
 l.lliO 
 I ','(10 
 
 I Nils 
 
 I i 7.) 
 17, 'is 
 lH7i 
 
 .'^070 
 
 idxn 
 
 Kili.t 
 Ns;) 
 
 IIK.-i 
 ','.!l)(l 
 i.-il'.! 
 
 .il.ll) 
 I i:i.s': 
 
 I H I •,> 
 i.SM) 
 lli.l!! 
 i ■:.!!» 
 ';."i(l',) 
 
 Vdii 
 Idi,! 
 I.s-.'o 
 
 nil 
 
 110(1 
 
 1;'!)7 
 
 riiKi 
 
 fii.j 
 2':(i:t 
 
 Ifld!' 
 
 !):)7 
 ;t7.l7 
 
 117(1 
 2!).-|!) 
 
 I ','()•: 
 
 |-.'.s7 
 
 '.'dd.S I 
 l().-)7 I 
 
 ;!iis 
 
 (ITd 
 
•tv / 
 
 'ij|iinii- 
 liuii. 
 
 'V.vIa 
 
 lITi 
 
 \■.u^ 
 
 '24(17 
 
 W.Vl 
 
 ■■X:VM\ 
 
 U.".7 
 
 .•ii.-.o 
 
 l(i(i.^ 
 .-iTI 
 
 I ;(ij 
 .'i.'io;) 
 I. too 
 ix'oc 
 
 lH(iS 
 117.) 
 
 i:;i8 
 
 l«7'J 
 .'1(170 
 
 '.'•:)S5 
 
 1 0X0 
 ICd.'i 
 
 I IK.-, 
 '.'.•|!)(i 
 l.-.l'i 
 
 ;n;)!) 
 
 l.'IS'i 
 
 ixr,' 
 
 I.SM) 
 
 r.'.ii) 
 
 '^."id!) 
 
 '-•II I '2 
 
 Kil.i 
 
 Is-.'o 
 
 I Mi 
 
 I'idi; 
 
 l;';i7 
 
 rioi; 
 
 (ii:> 
 '^.'(;:i 
 Killl> 
 
 ():i7 
 ;i7:;7 
 
 Ii7(; I 
 
 'ill.-,!) I 
 I'.'d'; i 
 
 r.'x7 
 
 '.'()(i,S 
 
 iii:)7 ! 
 
 ;tiis ; 
 
 (Wd : 
 
 I'iliaiidi^i' 
 
 Vuldls." .".!.' 
 
 it. (;ji)ir. 
 
 '. '•'iiMs|,-|;i|.... 
 
 '• (;ill(ll.cj. 
 
 ' Cvplii'li 
 
 t C.Mill.. . . .. 
 
 I. i),ni;i ;; 
 
 '•I'nis... . 
 
 ■ D'Mis.,.. 
 
 ■ '>''l.i''i'.... ".'.'.. 
 
 ■ "iiiiiiiiiipiii... 
 
 n.Miii... 
 
 ""M>laii .. . 
 
 l'.ilnl|;i|.,| , .._"■ 
 
 I-Mniiani 
 
 I'Mi'iiaril 
 
 Klin. . 
 
 K.(,:. . 
 
 I'Vn.i, ; '. 
 
 1'-|.Im('iii 
 
 lOplllCIM . . 
 
 ■■^i. K-|.iil .... 
 
 Hi, Khfiiiii 
 
 '"jt Kiii'iiiii 
 
 i^t. Klii'iirin i||.s (;,.,■ 
 
 Hi. KlISliK.lii. 
 
 •S'/. Eiislnchr ', 
 
 ''^l. Ki.insli'. ... 
 ••^1 Kilii.'ri .... " ■ 
 HI I''''lix il(; 
 HI I'Vi, .„!... 
 
 ."'^i Fmi.m,. "■•;;;• 
 
 Hi 1''i,.|\ ii'ii "' 
 
 HI I''i;inr(,is ill' S.ili's" 
 
 Ht I'L-llliiiis llll /„.h.. 
 
 '^I l-V,i:ii;i]is ilOrli'mis, 
 
 ■^t l'"l,.|l|ri)is 
 
 ■>l l'"iaiii;iiis _ ' 
 
 ■"I. l'IMIlrili.s-\;ui,.|' 
 
 M I'li'ilrno.. . 
 
 «i f!,ii,|.„.| ;■■■■■ 
 
 " (i.-llirirj, (Olli'sVi' .".'i 
 
 it (ii'oi i;!' ..,._. ,^ 
 
 'I fii'lllf-'l! '...... 
 
 I (ti'iiryo (li! WiMil.sor" 
 ' <i''n]l;iiii 
 
 I <;"riii,iiiiili. Ilmimi'sk 
 
 t (!"i'\.iis 
 
 I (ihll'S ..'.'....'.'"" 
 
 L (■;ri.'j,'(,ii.n (.Vn jVilm'i", 
 
 1 (!i'i'j;i)i|.|i 
 
 •^■iiilliiiiiiii' '"" 
 
 ll'MM'i (111 Masco'ilcli'i;' 
 
 . Mi'iiii 
 
 lli'rjii.Ts 
 
 . Miiairv ........" 
 
 ■ llil.irinll ,. , .,,,]'"['" 
 
 Hiil)i.|.| ...,,' 
 
 . nii,;,'ili's ..'.'."."" 
 
 If>.ii-iiillii. ...',[ 
 
 ■• Hyaolnthe,' (;".7 
 
 (i'l". 
 
 I.SiJH 
 
 :i'7:t 
 lo'.s 
 
 HI. 
 HI 
 Ht, 
 
 I''?' 
 
 '•-').. 
 
 !) 
 
 .':il 
 
 w 
 
 IS: 
 
 U'j 
 
 "y.'i''iiii;/ii. Colli'.... i-'i 
 
 JI'I'lKilyli-u 
 
 I^'liai'i! "_ '_" 
 
 In'iii'fi 
 
 Isiilori; !.,".'..,' 
 
 I.'-iiiorn ....,,„"] 
 
 Hi. .Inpiiiios ..!..........'." 
 
 H^ .iaiwpiis I,. Mi'i'iei';;," 
 
 ■lainicr 
 
 •'<'aiiilu Malii'.'i".'. 
 
 •''■an (l()rli.aM.s.. 
 
 •''■an (I/Ansf.) 
 
 •I''aii (li.s (;iiaill(in.s! 
 
 , , J''an-na[iiist,i 
 
 |Ht..li.aii-Iia|iiJsi,> 
 
 Hi. .icaM.(:i„.y.,osio;;;;r'_ ,, 
 
 Ht. .loan-Clirysoslomo ... ' '.'•' 
 ot. Johns, (Dorr) <: 
 
 Hl..i'aM-l'u|.UInli .'..■"■ 
 
 ■y. Jiriiitti; C 
 
 |Hl. ■fm-onii; 
 
 v:l..'i>'«Miod„ia7HL'.i';:^n 
 ; >t. .liTiisaleni .. 
 
 ||>'.Joaclmn(::i,„;,;aug;;a;; 
 |Ht. Joacliini.... •' 
 
 1 HI. josi.ph ■;;.' 
 
 J Ht. ,ri)si.(,h ill, f,,„. '.;.,■ 
 
 I pi. Jo.Ki.ji), (; 
 ,Hl. Jiiili. 
 
 ijHl. .fiistin ",■_■■■■' 
 
 l|Hl. Lambert. . 
 
 IjHi LamlKTl. ..'.'.'.'.'.]' Z 
 ,Hl Laii|.|iiit 
 
 HI. Lauiviitd'drieans.' 
 
 HI /,a/ar(> 
 
 ^Sl Uhiii .'..""[' 
 
 ^Hl. Lciiiianl .'.'.'.'"" 
 
 ;Ht Llljoirc, (; _'_" ■ 
 
 jHt. Li^'uori .. 
 
 jHt. Lin '■■ 
 
 :Ht. Louis (If. Coilza^no' 
 i.Ht. Loins (nianilrurili... 
 
 Ht. Luc 
 
 Ht. Luc, (VincVniii'.s)".;.... ,.. ,; 
 Ht Malacliio.. . ' 'ol 
 
 Ht.Malad,ie(i|'Ormstowni ii 
 Ht. Malacl;ii'.. . 
 
 Ht, Marc ... 
 
 Ht. Marcnl .._ 
 
 Ht. Mai'iiii 
 
 St. Malliias 
 
 •'^t. Malhirii .. .. .'." ' _■_;■'■ 
 [|Ht. Jlalliii'ii (||. Iiiuii.\..".'.i."' 
 |Ht. Maiirico ... 
 
 |Ht. W(.>ilaril ....'.'. 
 
 jHt. Wli'lii'l 
 
 ,st. Mii-hi.i(r,,,i>i'g;;;;n;;i^ro) 
 
 !Ht, Miiilislf! [[[" 
 
 ;H(,. JNarcissu. . 
 
 |Ht. Noi-ijort ."! 
 
 inn. 
 
 isl 
 
 HI. >.'.„.|M..|-t (.\|.||,,i|,,.,sk,., 
 
 Ht. Nirliolas 
 
 |Hl. Oiicziiuc. . 
 Ht.Oiir.x., . ...■■;.'.'."'."." 
 
 St. Ours. . . 
 
 Ht l'a,.,„ii.>.. . 
 
 Ht I'asral.... 
 
 Ht I'aiii ; 
 
 ,^' !'''nl do rioiiuMnV..", 
 ^'. 1 .iiiliu ... 
 
 'Ht. I')li|i|i,„. 
 
 ^'- i'iuii|,,,o ill. aoh'!'.";; 
 ^'. ' i«. ... 
 
 Ht I'ie ■.■.■■; 
 
 ,^'. I'iorro (i'Orif'ans !!".;; 
 '^t. I^ifri'i) 
 
 i^t. PiorroloslJTOni'i'tsV 
 ''la.-iilu 
 
 I'olycar|ii. 
 
 I'i'os|ii..r 
 
 'laphaol ■ ■■■■■ ■ 
 
 ,^1. liayiiiond .'.'.".'.,'." 
 
 St. lii'iiii. .. . 
 
 •SI. Itnni . . 
 
 Ht. Hubert 
 
 i-Jt. Hocli r..Vcbi-an!..".".";;; 
 .Ht. ioci, (Jes Auhiaics 
 
 ■^t. Itocll 
 
 Hi. Saiuciir '.'!",*.".'.".' 
 
 ;Ht. Sobastioii .'.'..". 
 
 ,Ht. Sobastieii (\'all>'luny..' 
 ■Ht. Sov(..i.e 
 
 Ht. Hinieoii ..'.'.' ,"'" 
 
 !Ht. Simon .■.......'. 
 
 [Hi. Simon .'.".'.'.'.'.'" 
 
 ,Ht. Stanislas Kiistlia".'. 
 
 HI. Stanisla.-i 
 
 |Ht. Suljijce "'"' ||vj 
 
 l^t. Hylvcstro ....'.".'.'.'.".".'.'."'".""' 
 
 •Ht. TliPoilorn ,,_ 
 
 Ht. Tlioodoro .".'.'.".' 
 
 Ht. Tbomas .'...,'.,,' 
 
 Ht. Thomas .'..'...."" 
 
 HI. Tbomas .'...'.'. 
 
 Ht. TimotliPo 
 
 Hi. Tito .. ■;;; 
 
 Ht. Tito des Caps..'.!.".'.'." 
 
 ■''^t. LVl)ain .. _' 
 
 Ht. Urbain 
 
 Ht. Vak'ntin ".,'.'.'.".'..'.", 
 
 Ht Valorion.... 
 
 Hi Valior .' 
 
 Ht. Victor .',.....' ' 
 
 Ht. Vincent .■...........,[, 
 
 Ht. Vincoslas ].".'.'.'" 
 
 Ht. Zppliirin !....!... ... 
 
 St, Zuti(|uo 
 
 HtG. Adolo v.'." 
 
 Hlo. Agalliii '.!.'.'.'!.'.'.' 
 
 Hto. Agathodos Mont's."..".'.".' 
 
 ."iOI 
 
 ':>r>3 
 
64 
 
 DIVISIONS AM) I'OI'LLATIONS. 
 
 I'aiiisu':s ami Towns. 
 
 t'l". Af.'tii's 
 
 Sl(!. Aiifjcle 
 
 Slo. Aiifjole (](■ Laval 
 
 Sli* Aiig(ili> <lo Moi-ici 
 
 Sic Ang«li(|ii(> ., 
 
 Sti!. Aiiiic (li's PlaiiK's . ... 
 
 S(t!. AllllO. 
 
 Sli', Anni' Lapncali(.'r(> 
 
 Sti', Aiini! (Ic la I'erado.... 
 
 Stt>. Aniii! 'Ins Mollis 
 
 Sle. AiioliiiaiiM" ., 
 
 Sto. liivitiix 
 
 St(<. Hrigiilo 
 
 Ste. Hcigid.' (ii's Saiills.... 
 
 iSto. Callieriiii' 
 
 Sifi Ocilo ' 
 
 Ste. Oecile or \u\h^\ 
 
 llfKi '. 
 
 Sit! Cocilcdii Hie 
 
 Sie Clolliilili' , 
 
 Sle Ciniro 
 
 Slo Croix. C. 
 
 Sle. Doruthei; 
 
 Ste Kiisabelli 
 
 Ste Kmnlie de rKiiorgie..., 
 
 Slo KriR'.ie, (lieclerviHo).., 
 
 Sle Kuiaiie , 
 
 Sie I'amillH 
 
 Su' Fciiuiie 
 
 Sle. Fia\]o 
 
 Sle Toy 
 
 Ste Genevieve 
 
 Sle (icnevifve 
 
 Sic iJenevieve de IJalis- 
 
 ran, C 
 
 Sle Oerniaiiie 
 
 Ste rii'itriidc 
 
 Sie Ileli'iie 
 
 Sle lli-lene 
 
 Sti! llriiedine, (1 
 
 Sle. .iiilie 
 
 Sle Julienne 
 
 Ste .liisUne, C 
 
 Sle. Louise 
 
 Ste Liiee 
 
 (ill 
 
 .-i 
 
 "I 
 0(; 
 
 "I 
 
 l'o|iula- 
 tioii. 
 
 Kil.'i 
 
 i:.:.r, 
 
 III32 
 71.-. 
 
 IT.'iS 
 
 IH>I 
 
 I '2110 
 .11 .Vi 
 won 
 
 I3i:. 
 
 I").!'! 
 
 •Ji7 
 
 2I'3H 
 
 .'■iJS 
 
 l'J(i:t 
 I7UI 
 
 •JOllJ 
 28K8 
 
 :)7i 
 
 2181 
 
 IWi) 
 
 27.-,;! 
 ■''i 1 i 
 
 iirii 
 
 20! 
 
 s:t4 
 
 KISS 
 222 1 
 Hi2r) 
 
 072 
 
 7;io 
 
 1.V.2 
 
 lir.7 
 
 I, ill!) 
 1 2(4 
 1 1 r,:t 
 1117 
 'iiii; 
 
 1211 
 
 I7(;'i 
 
 i'AiisiiKs AM) Towns. 
 
 lu Monnoir.. 
 
 Ste. .Mai-i,. 
 
 Ste. Mari(^ 
 
 |Ste. Marllie 
 
 Sle. Marline, (; 
 
 |Sle. Margui'rile 
 
 Ste. Meliinie, (Dailli'iKiul). 
 
 .Sle. Moniqile 
 
 S|i'. I'ei'|ieliie ... 
 
 ,Ste. I'liilnini'iie 
 
 iSli-. Kosalie 
 
 jSle. ]{os,. 
 
 \Sh-. litis,; C. 
 
 jSli'. Selidlasliipie 
 
 |.S7c. Sliiilasliiiui; V. 
 
 ;Ste. Sopliie 
 
 iSle. Tlieres.' 
 
 [SI". T/inrsr 
 
 jSte. frsiili' 
 
 jSle. Virloiro 
 
 (Saiilt an Hei'olli.a 
 
 Saiilt Si. Louis 
 
 jSept Isles 
 
 jSetlringtnn 
 
 jSliaouanigan... 
 
 Slieeii 
 
 (Shenbnl 
 
 jSlii'nIey 
 
 iSherbrooke 
 
 iSlierringlon 
 
 jSlii|iion 
 
 ISomerscl 
 
 Sorel 
 
 Rorel, C 
 
 Sotilanges 
 
 Slanlirige 
 
 Standoii 
 
 Stanl'old 
 
 Staiidstead 
 
 Slawhtead, (I'luincs), C. 
 
 Sloke 
 
 Stoiieliani 
 
 Slnkelv 
 
 Sulloir. , 
 
 Sydi'llliain 
 
 I'dpula- 
 lion. 
 
 U:!I8 
 
 :!ii;(; 
 
 21 1.^ 
 2.Vi:i 
 I."i7l 
 
 I :,',H 
 2(i;! 
 
 KVIS 
 
 ink; 
 i:>!ii 
 isk; 
 
 7:i(; 
 2s 1 1 
 
 2(17 
 
 nil 
 I7(;s 
 
 II I i 
 2.')22 
 Hl!'(l 
 21 (Hi 
 ICdi 
 
 I '.I I 
 
 Wi2 
 IIM) 
 
 i7() 
 3:..|2 
 
 (iri.-) 
 '11:12 
 20.!:) 
 2:i:,i 
 ;t(;2s 
 3 '1 'ili 
 5(;:iG 
 
 2:)i 
 
 ri(i2'i 
 
 f)ll4 
 1 !).-,:! 
 ■i();2 
 
 r>7i 
 
 2.">ll!) 
 
 :ill:t 
 9;i2 
 
 I'.VIUMirs AMI Tow.vs. 
 
 Tadousai' 
 
 rriiiisciiiiiaiig, (Kast) 
 
 ri'lll|ililnn 
 
 ri'n'''liiiiiiii> 
 
 Terrebonne 
 
 Ti'wkiv-liiiry 
 
 jTlietlord 
 
 "'Iiurni' 
 
 JTingwit'k 
 
 I Toiiiasiiie 
 
 jlVnis-I'isloIrs „,'..[ 
 
 'rri'iiiMay 
 
 ilVois lli\ ii'irs l|■al(li^.<l■l. 
 
 Three Rivers 
 
 N'alrai Iht 
 
 Valli'e drs Mollis..,.. 
 
 Vari'iiiii's 
 
 \'(inniiis . . 
 
 Vaiolienil 
 
 yniuliruit, V. 
 
 Verelieri's 
 
 Vietoria 
 
 VIctoriaville 
 
 Vi^'er ■..,. 
 
 \ illenciive 
 
 Wukclield 
 
 Wallliaiii 
 
 Wdiirick 
 
 Waterloo, C 
 
 Weedoii 
 
 Wendover 
 
 Wenlworlli 
 
 NVesilniry 
 
 NVickiiani 
 
 Windsor 
 
 NViiislow 
 
 Wiiireslown .. 
 
 Woodliriilgi' 
 
 Wcilton 
 
 NVright ',, 
 
 Yani.'U'liiclii'. 
 
 )'a»Mil\i(lie, (\ 
 
 Yainaska 
 
 York ■"!. ." 
 
 ."in 
 I 
 
 III 
 
 I!) 
 ■")| 
 
 l:i 
 
 do 
 I' 
 M 
 
 11 
 
 "ill 
 
 11 
 :iii 
 
 10 
 
 :!ii 
 3 
 1! 
 31) 
 38 
 i! 
 10 
 "10 
 iO 
 
 271 
 00! 
 
 I'oinila- 
 tioii, 
 
 71;.') 
 
 234 
 31(11 
 
 830 
 I0.".0 
 
 300 
 
 loir: 
 (121 
 1177 
 
 11)8 
 
 3o(;7 
 
 I."i8i) 
 81 '1 
 
 7:i7i) 
 
 737 
 
 318 
 l!).-|2 
 
 .■|(iO 
 2818 
 
 •'i!)l 
 27311 
 
 320 
 1125 
 1(120 
 
 2.M 
 1338 
 
 ■iOi 
 
 012 
 1210 
 I28U 
 
 707 
 
 0.^,0 
 
 30.t 
 
 'J3G 
 1107 
 1007 
 2089 
 
 550 
 1807 
 018 
 lOllj 
 1.300 
 2003 
 283 
 
I'Dpiila- 
 tion. 
 
 I! 
 I!) 
 .■|| 
 1:1 
 I 
 i'l 
 
 ■-I 
 IK) 
 
 
 j(i 
 
 ■) 
 
 
 
 i 
 11 
 
 :i(; 
 
 id 
 
 :iii 
 
 3 
 
 :1J 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 111 
 
 . 1 
 
 lill 
 
 711.. 
 
 '.'.li 
 .Til) I 
 
 s:i(; 
 lOM) 
 
 :ii)i) 
 li)i)-i 
 
 i;-Ji 
 
 I 177 
 VM 
 
 :i'.i(;7 
 
 l.'.SI) 
 ■S) 'l 
 
 7:i70 
 7:i7 
 ;iis 
 
 ■,(;i) 
 
 '.'.SlH 
 
 ii)l 
 
 ■27:11) 
 
 ■.iH) 
 
 I I ■.'.". 
 llivll! 
 
 i:t:iH 
 41) i 
 5i> 
 
 l^ii) 
 
 7(i7 
 
 G5(i 
 
 3(1:) 
 
 0311 
 
 1107 
 
 1(1117 
 
 2089 
 
 iViO 
 
 l.-;i)7 
 
 OI.S 
 
 lOilJ 
 
 1300 
 
 •2003 
 
 •283 
 
■^vj., s , 
 
N I ' M N 
 
 3 3286 02634881 'j 
 
 W(ii:ks on |.:LK)ii;yrAi!v (;|'0(;ua;'iiv 
 
 l'( l;( l*-hl i> US I III 
 
 BROTHBPS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS 
 
 I \ 'I'll !■: l»nMiM()\ \iy ( W \|» V 
 
 Till- Xc^v IIIiistratcMl (H.,o,,,p(,v Siip.iior C,,uim', contiurnno 
 
 •-" h.'lllltMul .M;||,s, " 
 
 The Xew Iiih-rnKMliute liiusirat.Ml (ico-mphv, contniniim \u 
 
 .Maps. ' '"^ 
 
 Jlie New hitniiicdiale (llioiiahMi (ie(;i:ra|»!i\ . coiuainiiij;' 12 
 
 Maps 
 
 ^)uostioiiiiaiiT .Mir la (i-o-nipl.ic uu Hv .Ic la Geographic 
 Xoiivello lieu- raj. hi(> lliiisia' • du Coiirs Siiperieur, ;](; Cnnes, 
 
 appruuvrc p':.)' IcCunsr:! ,1,. 1 li,.in„nM!i |'iil,li,,.i,., 
 
 XouveHe Geoo-raphie i:!ii,,tr(>e du Cours Moyen, ornec de 10 
 
 <'artt's. (api'i'diivre). 
 
 Xouvelle Geoorapiiie Illustree du Cours Primaire, reiifermaiK 
 
 l-J ('artf,s.