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 r 
 
 
 Innocent of Moscow, -^-v/^^ 
 
 THE APOSTLE 
 
 OF 
 
 KAMCHATKA AND ALASKA. 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES R. HALE, D. D., 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 Dean of Davenport. 
 
 « 
 
 PUIVATKLY PRINTED. 
 
 1888. 
 
J 5^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Coli 
 
 ^llectlorv 
 
 •'-V 
 
 ^ 
 
 ! 
 
 :) 
 
 . « 
 
 (^ 'yi 
 
'V 
 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW, 
 
 THE ArOSTLK OF KAMCHATKA AlSl) ALASKA. 
 
 Question Religieuse d'Orient et dP Occident, St. Petersburg, 1858, pp. 
 570, 16mo. 
 
 Pamijdtnik Trudov Pravoslavnich Blagoviestnihov (Remembrancer of 
 the Labors of Orthodox Russian Evangelizers). A. S. Stourdza. Moscow 
 1857, pp. m^ large 8vo. 
 
 Shornik vuidainie o Pravoslavnich Missiach, i Daitelnosti Pravosla- 
 xwnnvo Missionerskavo Obschestva (Collection of Documents concerning 
 Orthodox Missions, and the Transactions of the Orthodox Missionary Soci- 
 ety). Moscow, 1872, 2 vols., pp. 284, 484, 8vo. 
 
 Innokentie, Metropolite Moskovskie i Koloriienskie. Tirana Biirsottkova 
 (Innocent, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna. By -John BarsoukofF). 
 Moscow, 1883, pp. 770, large 8vo. 
 
 Tvorenia lanokentia Metropolita Moskovshivo, Sohranie Ivanom 
 Barsonkoveciii (T'e Works of Innocent, Metropolitan of Moscow. Collected 
 by John Baraonkotf ). Moscow, 1887, 2 vols., pp. 492, 308, large 8vo. 
 
 Oiistuv Pravoslavnavo Missio7ierskavo Obschestva (Constitution of the 
 Orthodox Missionary Society). St. Petersburg, 18i3!), iB pp., 8vo. 
 
 Otchetee Pravoslavnavo Missionerskavo Obschestva (Reports of the Or- 
 thodox Missionary Society, 1870-1887). Moscow, 8vo. 
 
 Missioner, Edjcnedalnoe Izdanie Pravoslavnavo Missionerskavo Ob- 
 schestvii (The Missionary, a weekly publication of the Orthodox Missionary 
 Society). Moscow, 4to. 
 
 T T has loug been the habit of persons unfriendly to the Or- 
 1 thodox Churches of the East to speak of them as well nigh 
 (lead Churches. The chai'ge has been but too eagerly repeated 
 by such as, determined upon a certain course of public policy, 
 through a blind selfishness which must surely bring, if per- 
 sisted in, a dread Nemesis, were not inclined to think well of 
 Eastern Christians, whom it would have been inconvenient to 
 recognize as brethren. A favorite specification in the accusa- 
 tion brought against Christians of the East has been that 
 they were utterly wanting in a missionary spirit. In thp^e 
 days, we know something f what enslavement to t'^e Turk 
 involves. And what, in cl amon justice, to say nothing of 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 m^nn 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 Christian charity, have we a right to expect from those groan- 
 ing under such bondage? Does not Mouravietf* well demand, 
 as to these, in Qncsdon Rcligiouse (VOn'cnt el iVOccident, 
 " Have we the conscience to ask that they should make con- 
 verts, when, now for more than four hundred years, they have 
 been struggling, as in a bloody sweat, to keep Christianity 
 alive under Moslem tyranny? And, in that time, how many 
 martyrs, of every age and condition, have shed a halo around 
 the Oriental Church? Not less than an hundred martyrs of 
 these later days are commemorated in the services of the 
 Church, and countless are the unnamed ones who have suffered 
 for the faith, in these four hundred years of slavery. In 
 1821, Gregory, Patriarch of Constantinople, was hung at the 
 door of his cathedral, on Easter Day. Another Patriarch, 
 Cyril, they hung at Adrianople. Cyprian, Archbishop of 
 Cyprus, with his three Suflfragan Bishops, and all the Hegu- 
 mens of the Cyprian monasteries, were hanged upon one tree 
 before the palace of the ancient kings. Many other prelates 
 and prominent ecclesiastics were put to death in the islands 
 and in Anatolia. Mount Athos was devastated. And yet, none 
 apostatized from the faith of Christ. Are not such matyr- 
 doms the best way of making converts? It was thus that, in 
 the first three centuries, the Church was founded in those 
 lands. How can it be said that, among people who could so 
 die for the faith, there was no real spiritual life? Has not 
 the Greek Church shown by her deeds the steadfastness of 
 her faith?" The kingdom of Greece, in its sixty years of inde- 
 pendence, has labored nobly to repair the desolations of many 
 generations. J3ut surely we, who find excuse in the circxim- 
 stances of the times for the apparent lack of interest of the 
 American Church in the missionary cause during the first half 
 century of our separate national life, must readily admit that 
 the Hellenic Church has had, and still has, ample scope for 
 her energies at home. 
 
 We come now to the Church in Russia, and what do we find ? 
 A large part of what now makes up the Russian Empire was, 
 when it became such, inhabited by Mahometans and heathen. 
 
 * Andrnw Nicoliiovitch Mounivii'lT, iin eminoiit UuHBiKii Iiiyraaii, tlie niithor of the well- 
 kjiowri " History of the HunHiaii ('liiirch," triiiiHlatod by Hluckmore, iiud i»t other impor- 
 tant wurkH. Ho wuH, fur sumo yours, Vioo Prucurutor at thu Holy Synod. 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 Yet everywhere the Gospel is, and long has been, preached, 
 and God's blessing has manifestly followed the proclamation 
 of His word. Says Mouravieff, to quote again from Question 
 Kelif/ieuse, efc. : " The loving principles of the extension of 
 Christianity are at work here. The Ilussian Church, as domi- 
 nant throughout a great empire, ditTuses gradually the light of 
 Christ's Gospel v/ithin her own borders. Her more immedi- 
 ate duty is to labor for the conversion of the heathen, Jews, 
 Mahometans, and schismatics, who belong to her, scattered over 
 the one - ninth part of the habitable globe. In those dioceses 
 where there are heathen or Mahometans, tlie languages spoken 
 by them are taught in the theological seminaries, so that not 
 only those specially devoted to the work, but the parochial 
 clergy also, may be enabled to act as missionaries. Russia has 
 sowed the seeds of Christianity over a vast field, ever estab- 
 lishing new parishes, which most naturally become also mis.sion 
 stations. In this mode of working, there is little to excite 
 attention, or to create talk. When and how have so many of 
 our heathen become Christians? It is not every one who 
 knows. But multitudes of these are now enjoying the bless- 
 ings of Christianity and civilization. There is yet, however, 
 much to be done for the conversion, and establishment in the 
 faith, of many tribes who are more or less in darkness, and the 
 Church still labors for and with them." 
 
 But the missions of the Ilussian Church are not covjincd to 
 the heathen or false believers within her own borders. For 
 many years she has had a mission at Pekin, and the most suc- 
 cessful mission work in Japan would seem to be that carried 
 on by her. 
 
 If information in regard to Russian missionary work is not 
 forced upon the attention, it is yet not unattainable to those 
 who seek for it. The literature of Russian missions is not a 
 small one. The writer, in giving at the head of this paper a 
 list of works now before him, has mentioned but a small part 
 of those bearing on the subject. Let us cast a hasty glance 
 at these. AVe shall find them filled, not so much with talk 
 ahout missions as with records of faithful missionary work. In 
 the work first mentioned o . this list, Mouraviefi" gives a Compie 
 Rendu d^une Mission Russe ddns les 2Ionis Altai. This paper, 
 
6 
 
 INNOCKNT OF iMOSCOW. 
 
 one of those traiiHlnted by Nonle, in "Voices of the East,"* 
 under the title The ^fission of the Allai, dest'i'iljes a most 
 effective wcn'k, begun in iHlii) and still carried on, amongst 
 wild nomads in the southern part of Siberia. In the "llennnn- 
 brancer of the Labors of ()rthodox Russian Evangelizers," 
 Alexander 8. Stourdza, a [)iou8 layman, began to give a record 
 of missionary work done by the Russian Church, bi^twoen ITDii 
 and 1853, Mr. Stourdza died in 18r)4:, leaving his work far 
 from complete. The fine octavo volume beiore us was all that 
 he was enabled to finish. In it he tells of the convenjion of 
 two tribes of the Caucasus, about the vear LS'iO. Then he 
 gives the journal of the Archimandrite Benjamin, an earnest 
 missitmary among the Samoyedes of Northern Russia, describ- 
 ing their conversion between the years 1825 and 18;}0. To 
 this follow extracts from the journals of other missionaries, 
 two of these being Archimandrite Macarius, the founder of 
 Mission of the Altai, and the Arch-priest Landyscheff, who 
 succeeded him in its charge. Then we have described to us 
 the establishment of the Orthodox Church in Russian America, 
 and a selection of letters are published from the autlior of that 
 account. Innocent, Archbishop of Kamchatka, to Philaret, Met- 
 ropolitan of Moscow, to whom Innocent succeeded. Tlie re- 
 mainder of the work tells of missionary labors in the Aleoutine 
 Islands, and in Northwestern and Central Siberia. Other pub- 
 lications mentioned give more recent missionary iutelligence, 
 and tell of the present condition of the missionary work. 
 From such a mass of interesting material it is dilHcuIt to make 
 a selection. In setting forth, however, the story of that mis- 
 sionary hero, Innocent, of Moscow, for many years Archbisho[) 
 of Kamchatka, the writer thinks that his subject will be one 
 more than ordinarily attractive to American Churchmen. As 
 Mr. Stourdza believed he could best make his great work of 
 value if, " instead of an artificial narrative, he set before his 
 readers the doings of Russian evangelists, as told at different 
 times, and, for the most part, in the letters of the missionaries 
 themselves, without embellishment or eulogies," so the aim of 
 the present writer will be to present, in a summary form, a 
 translation of authentic documents, with the needful connect- 
 
 * Londun, JoBeph Mastera, IHriO. 2\a pp., 8vo. 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 Eiist,"* 
 II luowt 
 imoUflHt 
 lloiiKMn- 
 f>li/orH," 
 a reconl 
 
 on iim 
 
 ivork ffir 
 all tlmt 
 
 HiUOU of 
 
 Then he 
 1 earnest 
 , (lescrib- 
 s:U). To 
 sioniiries, 
 under of 
 heff, who 
 )e(l to us 
 America, 
 or of that 
 aret, Met- 
 The re- 
 Aleoutine 
 )ther pub- 
 telligence, 
 ary work, 
 lit to make 
 that mis- 
 Lrchbishop 
 ill be one 
 imen. As 
 sat work of 
 before his 
 it different 
 lissionaries 
 I the aim of 
 ary form, a 
 ul conuect- 
 
 inj and explanatory remarks, rather than to tell the story for 
 himself. 
 
 " Who in the West," asks Mouravieff, " hoars anything of 
 the truly apostolical labors of the Archbishof) of Kamchatka, 
 who is ever sailing over the ocean, or driving in reindeer 
 slodges over his vast but thiuly-settled diocese, thousands of 
 miles in extent, everywhere baptizing the natives, for whom he 
 has introduced the use of hitters, ami translated the Gospel 
 into the tongue of the Aleoutines?" Few, indeed, have 
 heard; do^'btless there are many who would be glad to hear. 
 
 Innocent, Archbishop of Kamchatka, and afterwards Metro- 
 [)oli|an of Moscow, has been called "the Russian Selwyn," but 
 he began his missionary labors much earlier than the Bishop 
 of New Zealand, and was called to a yet higher position of 
 dignity and influence in his own Church, than that held by 
 the Bishop of Lichfielil. Johc Veniaminoff was born Septem- 
 ber f) (August 2t'), o. 8.), 17U7, was educated in the Seminary 
 of Irkutsk, from which he graduated in 1817, and entered 
 upon the sacred ministry in May of that year. He was ad- 
 vanced to the priesthood in 1821. December 27 (15 o. s. ), 
 1840, Innocent, for by this name he is henceforth known, was 
 consecrated, by the Ei)iscopal members of the Holy Synod, in 
 the Kazan Cathedral at St. Petersburg, to the newly-fouuded 
 Bi8ho[)ric of Kamchatka. In 1850, hu* See was made Archi- 
 e[)iscopal. Early in 18(')8, he succeeded Uie honored Philaret 
 as the Metropolitan of Moscow. It is a curious coincidence 
 that Bishop Selwyn was consecrated but a few months later 
 than he, October 17, 1841; and that the appointment of Inno- 
 cent to Moscow was announced within a very few days of the 
 time when Sehvyn entered upon his new charge as Bishop of 
 Lichfield, January, 1808. 
 
 Of the first two years after his ordination to the priesthood, 
 in which he seemed to have been engaged in parish work in 
 the Diocese of Irkutsk, we have little record. Bat in 1823, he 
 offered himself as missionary, and was sent by his Bishop to 
 Ounalashka. Let us [)reface the story of his labors there, as 
 he himself does, by a brief account of earlier work in the 
 same region. In doing this we translate from his own words. 
 
8 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 for lack of space, however, greatly abbreviatiug hi« narrative,* 
 How attractive liis exordium: 
 
 "Knowing how ph'asant it is for the true Christian to hear 
 of the propagation of Christianity among nations previously 
 unenlightened by the Holy Gospel, I have determined to set 
 forth what I know concerning the propfigution and establish- 
 ment of Christian truth in one of the most remote part.-i of our 
 country, where, by the will of (lod, 1 have been led to spend 
 many years." 
 
 Then he goes on to show how 
 
 "The Christian religicm crossed to the shores of Tlussian 
 America, with tlie first llussians who wt ;.i, to establish them- 
 selves in those parts. Among tliose who souglit at once to 
 astablish a new industry for Russia, and to acquire gain for 
 themselves, there were those who were I'esolved, at the same 
 time, upon the establishment of Christianity amongst the 
 savages with whom they dwelt. Tlie Cossack, Andrean Tol- 
 stich, about 1743 discovering the island known under the name 
 of Andreanotfsky, was probably the first to bapti/.o the natives. 
 In the year 1759, Ivan Glotoff" discovering the island of Lisa, 
 baptized the son of one of the hereditary cliiefs of the Lisevian 
 Aleoutines. He afterwards took the young man to Kamchatka, 
 where this first fruits of the Ounalashka Church spent several 
 years, and studied the Russian language and literature, and 
 then, returning to his native countiy, with the position of chief 
 Toen (Governor) conferred upon him by the (lovernor of 
 Kamchatka, helped greatly by his example, in the propagation 
 of Christianity." 
 
 The good missionary confesses that self-interest had some- 
 thing to do with the desire, on the part of many of the first 
 settlers, for the spread of Christianity amongst the savages, 
 they thinking that thus they would be able to establish l)etter 
 relations with the natives. When we think of the way in 
 which Americans and English have too ofttni acted toward the 
 savage tribes with whom they have been brought into contact, 
 instead of blaming the defective motive, on the part of some, 
 we may rejoice that, in this instance, 
 
 •"The FouiidinK of the Orthodox Church in HuHHinn Amorica," by the Arch-priost 
 Voniaminoff, was publiNheu in St. PetorBburg, in IKHI, hikI rKprintwl in Stourdzn's 
 " Bemembrancor, otc," pp. 200-242. 
 
 :■ 
 
 i 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 "The (lesiro of RuHfliiiHH for gain borved ns a moans for dif- 
 
 I fusing the fivHt prineiplen of Christianity among the Aleou- 
 
 tinns, and aided the hihorn of the niiwHionaries who came after." 
 
 Mr. Sholikotl', founder of the American company, 
 
 "Among his many phms and [)rojects for the advancement 
 of the inter ' of the American i)art of our territory, had 
 in view especially the propagation of Christianity, and the 
 founding of Churches. On which account, on his return from 
 Kodiak i' .he y<,iir 1787, he laid a memorial in regai'd to this 
 before the Govcnment, and begged it to found an Orthodox 
 Missiim, the exptuse of establishing and sustaining which, 
 he and hi:i associate (lolikoff took upon themselves. As a re- 
 sult of his intercessions, there was founded at St. Petersburg 
 a mission of eight monks, under vlie lead of Archimandrite 
 Joseph, for the ])reaching of the word of God among people 
 brought under Russian dominion. AVell provided for by Shel- 
 ikoft", Golikoft", find other benefactors, the mission set out from 
 St. Petersburg in the year 17U2, and in the following autumn 
 arrived at Kodiak. 
 
 At once they entered upon their work, beginning on the 
 Island of Kodiak. In 1795, Macarius went to the Ounalashka 
 district on a missionary tour, and Juvenal visited to the Tchou- 
 gatches, and crossed over the Gulf of Kenae, both being every- 
 where warmly received by the natives. The year after, Ju- 
 venal, in the neighborhood of the lake of Pliamna, or Shelikoff, 
 "finished his apostolic labors with his life, serving the Church 
 better than any of his associates." Many years afterward, the 
 circumstances of his martyrdom were related by the natives. 
 Some other members of the mission gave special attention to 
 the education of the children ; one of them, Father German, 
 founded nn Orphan Asylum, of which he remained in charge 
 until his ileath, in 1S37. 
 
 Shelikoff realized the importance of having the work prop- 
 erly organized, and so he was not content with such a mission 
 as was sent out. " He urged the founding of a Bishopric in 
 Russian America, under the charge of its own bishop. He 
 fixed upon Kodiak as the proper residence of a bishop, esti- 
 mating the population of that island as about fifty thousand. 
 In consequence of his entreaties, and in consideration of the 
 
10 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 number of inhabitants, an Episcopal See was founded, and 
 Joseph, Archimandrite of the mission, was summoned to Ir- 
 kutsk, and there consecrated, in March, 1799, by the Bishop of 
 Irkutsk, to be the first Bishop of ' Kodiak, Kamchatka, and 
 America.' " The new Bishop, as he returned homeward in the 
 ship Phoenix, was lost at sea, with all who accompanied him, 
 including the priest Macarius, and the deacon Stephen, who 
 had come with him from St. Petersburg when the mission was 
 founded. 
 
 Soon after this Shelikoff died, and all thought of extending 
 the mission, and of setting up a Bishopric, seemed lost sight 
 of for years. In the whole colony there was but one mission- 
 ary priest, until in 1816, in response to the entreaties of Bara- 
 nott', the Governor, Michael Sokoloff was sent to Sitka. 
 
 A fact in this connection, not generally known, may here be 
 mentioned, that r. Russian settlement, under the name of liusa, 
 was made, under the auspices of Baranotf, in California, on the 
 coast about forty miles northwest of San Francisco. A num- 
 ber of Indians here became members of the Orthodox Church, 
 and when the colony was removed to Sitka, went northward 
 with it. Of these Indian converts or their descendants, there 
 were, in 1838, thirty-nine still living at Sitka. In 1821, new 
 privileges were granted to, and new regulations made for, the 
 Russian American Company, and the duty was laid upon it of 
 maintaining a suflicieut number ol priests for the colony. Ac- 
 cordingly, three were obtained from Irkutsk; in 1823, John 
 Veniaminoff for Ounalashka; in 1824, Frumentiu.A Mordovsky 
 for Kodiak; and, in 1825, Jacob Netchvatoff for .Ucha. 
 
 Veniaminoff entered upon his work with enthasiasm, and a 
 hearty liking for those among whom he was to labor. Ho re- 
 counts how Father Macarius, and others wlio had preached the 
 Gospel amongst them, " did not present to them with fire and 
 sword the nev/ faith, which forbade them things in which they 
 delighted — c. (j., drunkenness and polygamy; but notwith- 
 standing this, the Aleoutines received it readily and quickly. 
 Father Juvenal remained in the Ounalashka district br*^ one 
 year, and voyaging to distant islands, and traveling from place 
 to place with only one Russian attendant, the Aleoutines whom 
 he had baptized, or whom he was preparing for Holy Baptism, 
 
ncled, and 
 ned to Ir- 
 Bishop of 
 liatka, and 
 ^ard in the 
 uiied him, 
 jpheu, who 
 lission was 
 
 extending 
 [ lost sight 
 ae mission- 
 es oE Bara- 
 ;ka. 
 
 my here be 
 ne of Buss, 
 rnia, on the 
 3. A num- 
 lox Chnrcli. 
 northwMi'd 
 hints, there 
 1 1821, new 
 iide for, tlie 
 il upon it of 
 iolony. Ac- 
 1823, John 
 Mordovsky 
 ;cha. 
 
 liasm, and a 
 
 lor. Ho re- 
 
 iroached the 
 
 ith fire and 
 
 which they 
 
 at notwith- 
 
 nd quickly. 
 
 ict bv'i one 
 
 r from place 
 
 iitines wliom 
 
 ily Baptism, 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 II 
 
 conveyed him from place to place, sustained him and guarded 
 him without any recompense or payment. Such examples are 
 
 rare. 
 
 "Although the Aleoutines willingly embraced the Christian, 
 religion, and prayed to God as they were taught, it must be 
 confessed that, until a priest was settled amongst them, they 
 worshipped one who was almost an unknown God. For Father 
 Macarius, from the shortness of time that he was with them, 
 and from the lack of competent interpreters, was able to give 
 them but very general ideas about religion, such as of God's om- 
 nipotence. His goodness, etc. Notwithstanding all of which, 
 the Aleoutines remained Christian, and after baptism com- 
 pletely renounced Shamanism, and not only destroyed all the 
 masks which they had used in their heathen worship, but also 
 allowed the songs which might in any way remind them of 
 their former belief to fall into oblivion. So that when, on my 
 arrival amongst them, I through curiosity made enquiry after 
 tliese songs, I could not hear of one. And as to supersti- 
 tions, from which few men well taught in Gospel truth are 
 quite free, many which they had they quite gave uj), and 
 others lost their power over them. But of all the good quali- 
 ties of the Aleoutines, nothing so pleased and delighteil my 
 heart as their desire, or, to speak more justly, their thirst for 
 the word of God, so that sooner would an indefatigable mis- 
 sionary tire in preachuxj than they in hearimj the word." 
 
 But Veniaminoff's missionary service was not with the peace- 
 ful Aleoutines only. There was a fierce tribe, the Koloshes, 
 who, to use his words, when first met with, in 1804, "like fierce 
 wild beasts hunted the Russians to tear them in pieces, so that 
 tliese had to shut themselves up in their fortresses, or go out 
 in companies." And even in 1819, they still looked "on Rus- 
 sians as their enemies, and slew such as they could take by 
 night, in revenge for the death of their ancestors slain in con- 
 tests with them." 
 
 To these ho resolved to carry the Gospel. To this end he 
 came to Sitka, in the neighborhood of which the Koloshes 
 lived, towards the close of 1834. That Winter and the ensu- 
 ing Spring, imperative duties detained him among the Aleou- 
 tines at Sitka. When Summer came, he found that the 
 
12 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW, 
 
 Koloshes had left their settlements, and were scattered in dif- 
 ferent parts for the purpose of fishing. Veniaminoff confesses, 
 too, that he had a shrinking from meeting these hostile sav- 
 ages. Ashamed of himself for what he felt to be cowardice, 
 he resolved that immediately upon the close of the Christmas 
 holidays he would take his life in his hand and go. 
 
 "Let no one wonder," he goes on to say, "at the decrees of 
 Providence. Four days before I came to the Koloshes, the 
 small-pox suddenly broke out amongst them, and first of all at 
 the very place where I had expected to make my first visit. 
 Had I begun my instruction of the Koloshes before the ap- 
 pearance of the small-pox, they would certainly have blamed 
 me for all the evil which came upon them, as if I were n, !Jus- 
 sian shaman, or sorcerer, who sent such a plague amongst 
 them. The results of such inopportune arrival would have 
 been dreadful. The hatred towards the Kussians, which was 
 beginning to wane, would have become as strong as ever. 
 They would perhaps have killed me, as the supposed author of 
 their woes. But this would have been as nothing in compari- 
 son with the fact that my coming to the Koloshes just before 
 the small-pox, would probably have caused the way to be 
 stopped for half a century to missionera of God's word, who 
 would always have seemed to them harbingers of disaster and 
 death. 
 
 " But, Glory be to God, who orders all things for good ! The 
 Koloshes were not now what they were two years previously 
 [when he had meant to come among them J. If they did not 
 immediately become Christians, they at least listened, or began 
 to listen, to the words of salvation. Few were ba[)tized then, 
 for, while I proclaimed the truth to them, I never urged upon 
 them, or wished to urge upon them, the immediate reception 
 of Holy Baptism, but, seeking to convince their judgment, I 
 awaited a request from them. Those who expressed a desire 
 to be baptized, I received with full satisfaction. I always ob- 
 tained from the Toens (or chiefs), and from the mothers of 
 those desiring to be baptized, a consent which was never denied, 
 and this greatly pleased them." 
 
 Veniaminoff introduced inoculation amongst t'u Xc loshes, 
 and the good they saw ensuing from this " greatly changed 
 
d in dif- 
 jonfesses, 
 istile sav- 
 owardice, 
 Uhristraas 
 
 iecrees of 
 oshes, the 
 it of all at 
 first visit. 
 >re the ap- 
 ve blamed 
 ere a Tius- 
 e amongst 
 ^ould have 
 which was 
 cr as ever. 
 1 author of 
 n compari- 
 just before 
 way to be 
 word, who 
 isaster and 
 
 roodl The 
 previously 
 ley did not 
 d, or began 
 )ti/.ed then, 
 urged upon 
 ,e reception 
 udgment, I 
 d a desire 
 always ob- 
 mothers of 
 |3ver denied, 
 
 Xcloshes, 
 tly changed 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 18 
 
 their opinion of the Russians, and of their shamans (or magi- 
 cians). They neither forbade nor did anything to hinder the 
 reception of Holy Baptism by those desiring it. Instead 
 of despising or avoiding those baptized, they looked on them 
 as persons wiser than themselves, and almost Europeans." 
 
 After sixteen years of missionary toil, Veniaminoff was sent 
 to St. Petei'sburg to plead for help for the mission. The Czar 
 Nicholas proposed to the Holy Synod to send one who had 
 [)roved so faithful a priest back to the scene of his labors as a 
 Bishop, for Episcopal supervision was manifestly greatly 
 needed. "Your Majesty must consider," suggested some mem- 
 bers of the Synod, "that, though he is no doubt an excellent 
 man, he has no Cathedral, no body of clergy, no Episcopal 
 Residence." "The more then, like an Apostle," replied the 
 Czar, "Cannot he be consecrated?" The objections of these 
 prelates remind us of some that have more recently been heard 
 nearer home. It is to be hoped that, where the need of a 
 Bishop is evident, such objections may soon be things of the 
 past. 
 
 As has been already stated, the good missionary priest was, 
 December 27 (ID o. s. ), 1840, consecrated in St. Petersburg to 
 be Bishop of Kamchatka, with the name, by which he will 
 hereafter be known, of Innocent. 
 
 Consecrated for a great work, he was as prompt to set about 
 it as he was earnest in his labor. Stourdza's "Remembrancer" 
 contains a number of letters from Innocent to the revered 
 Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. Mouravieff well says of 
 these that, "describing apostolic labors carried on for so many 
 years for the conversion of savages in Northeastern Siberia 
 aiid in Russian America, they would furnish a series of Lcifrcs 
 Ed:fi(inf('s as interesting as any of those in which the Jesuits 
 so delight." 
 
 We have space here to give translations of but a few extracts 
 from these. 
 
 The first of the series tells of his arrival in America as 
 Bishop, and the beginning of his work there. 
 
 April ;}(), 1842. 
 At last, thank the Lord God, in America! I must now tell 
 you of my voyage, my arrival, etc. : 
 
14 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 On the 20th of August, 1841, we sailed from the mouth of 
 the Ochot River, in the brig Ochotsk, under most favorable 
 circumstances, and directed our course towards one of the 
 Kourile islands named Simousir, which we reached September 
 2d. On the evening of that day we left the island and sailed 
 for Sitka. For about twenty days the winds were favorable, 
 the weather clear and wai-m, so that, September 2l8t, we were 
 but five hundred miles from Sitka, about four thousand from 
 Ochotsk. The weather was so pleasant that we held services 
 every holy-day, not in the cabin, as is usually the case, but on 
 deck. September 25th, St. Sergius' Day, about 4 p. M., but at 
 Moscow about 4 a. M., we sighted Mt. Edgecumbe, near New 
 Archangel, and the next day, September 26th, the day on 
 which we commemorate the death of the Beloved Disciple of 
 Christ, a day on which the Church prays that the darkness 
 which has so long covered the heathen may be dispersed, we 
 entered the harbor of Sitka, and dr'-- jped anchor about 4 a. m. 
 Saturday, September 27th, I wenc jhore, where I was re- 
 ceived by all the chief authorities, the officials and the entire 
 body of the Orthodox, amongst whom were some baptized 
 Koloshes standing by themselves. In a partly official dress I 
 went to the Church, where I delivered a short address to my 
 new flock, and oflfered up a prayer of thanksgiving to our Lord 
 God. September 28th, I celebrated the Divine Liturgy. 
 
 The Church at New Archangel, which ' growing old and 
 will need to be rebuilt in four or five years, 1 found otherwise 
 in fair condition, and handsomely ornamented, as if they really 
 expected a Bishop to come. But all this is to be ascribed to 
 the zeal of the principal warden, Etolin, who, from the time of 
 his coming to the colony, has been earnest to have the church 
 in good order. 
 
 Our doings since we came to Sitka have not yet been very 
 important. 
 
 1st. A mission has been sent to Noushstan which will reach 
 its place of destination not sooner than the miildle of June 
 next. The priest in charge is full of hope, though he is not 
 one of the most learned of men. We have furnished him 
 with full instructions and with everything we could provide. 
 
 2d. December 17th, a sort of theological school was 
 
 i 
 
mouth of 
 favorable 
 ne of the 
 September 
 and sailed ■ 
 favorable, 
 it, we were 
 isand from 
 Id services 
 lase, but on 
 ». M., but at 
 , near New 
 ,he day on 
 Disciple of 
 le darkness 
 spersed, we 
 3out 4 A. M, 
 I was re- 
 i the entire 
 le baptized 
 cial dress I 
 dress to my 
 to our Lord 
 targy. 
 
 ing old and 
 id otherwise 
 they really 
 ascribed to 
 the time of 
 the church 
 
 it been very 
 
 ill will reach 
 lie of June 
 h he is not 
 
 nishod him 
 iild provide. 
 
 school was 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 16 
 
 opened, containing now, twenty-three persons, Creoles and na- 
 tives. The monk M., a student of the Moscow Spiritual Acad- 
 emy, has it in charge. 
 
 3d. The theological student, J. T., was sent to Kodiak to 
 learn the language, and in four months has had wonderful suc- 
 cess. He is a person of decided ability. 
 
 4th. The monk M. has been preaching to the Koloshes, and 
 not without success. I hardly dare say how great the success 
 may be. He has about eighty candidates for Holy Baptism, 
 and asks it for them, but I do not care to be over hasty with 
 them ; the more and the better they are taught, the more they 
 can be depended on. 
 
 5th. I went this Spring to Kodiak to examine into the 
 affairs of the Church there, and was comforted beyond expec- 
 tation. The report of my arrival in America, the zeal and 
 piety of their priest, 'and the Christian cooperation of the 
 Governor, Kostromitinoff, have all been most useful to the 
 Kodiaks. Poor things! Until now they had heard little of 
 what is good, and, as they say, they now begin to go from 
 darkness to light. Previously perhaps scarcely one hundred 
 of them came to church, even irregularly, and they knew scarce 
 anything of devotion. Now the church is full every holy-day, 
 and Lent was kept by more than four hundred of them, some 
 coming from distant places. The iniquity of cohabiting in 
 unblessed marriages, formerly common, is now at an end. 
 Things had fallen into such a neglected state that, of the three 
 thousand seven hundred souls reported in the census of 1841, 
 there were more tiian one thousand unbaptized. There are 
 now about one hundred children unbaptized between the ages 
 of two and nine. And how many such died, especially at the 
 ♦^ime of the small-pOx, which took the lives of over two thous- 
 and!" 
 
 The next letter from which we quote shows Innocent's care 
 for the young. 
 
 April 5, 1844. 
 
 "On the 11th of January I began to assemble about me, in 
 my chapel, all the children, both boys and girls, who do not 
 belong 10 the sc! - jIs, and to teach them the law of God. The 
 children here (at Sitka), between the ages of one and eighteen, 
 
r 
 
 16 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 are very numerous. In the Theological school, in the Com- 
 pany's school, and in two girls' schools, there are about one 
 hundred and forty scholars, and yet I gathered about one 
 hundred and fifty others. The girls I taught on Tuesday, the 
 boys on Wednesday. 
 
 About two years ago, in all our American Churches, and also 
 in the Cathedral of Kamchatka, the priests in charge of the 
 Churches assembled the children of both sexes in Church once 
 or tw'ce a week, and taught them the law of God and their 
 duties in general. And I am happy to say that Hiis year, if 
 the priests in (ill the Churches of the Diocese have not kept 
 up that custom, yet the greater part of them are diligent in 
 this part of their work. 
 
 At this time, the children receiving instruction in the 
 Churches throughout the Diocese must numl)er about four 
 hundred, besides the scholars in the schools, who would swell 
 the number to more than six hundred, or the thirty-fifth part 
 of all the inhabitants." 
 
 In another part of the same letter he speaks of the Koloshes: 
 
 "The Koloshes, our neighbors, thank God, continue to come 
 to the Holy Baptism. In Easter week thirty-five of them were 
 baptized, at tbeir own request, and at no one's persunsion. In 
 the Lent just past those already baptized, who all lived near 
 the fort, were very particular in keeping the fust, and that 
 without any special suggestion on my part — indeed, they were 
 not a whit behind the Russians in their observance." 
 
 June, 184"). 
 
 "The word of truth begins to extend more and more in the 
 northern coasts of America. The Priest Golovin was in those 
 parts last year, 1844. and during his stay there had an oppor- 
 tunity of seeing, in their settlements, almost all of those bap- 
 tized by him on the occasion of his first visit, the year j)re- 
 vious, and, thank God, if not (ill, still a good part of them 
 remembered and tried to fulfill the promises made at tl -^ir bap- 
 tism, and some of thone most penetrated with the word of 
 truth have tried to bear testimony of Christianity to their 
 heatlien friends, and have persuaded many of them to be bap- 
 tized. The Kvichpak Church, in September, 1844, numbered 
 more than two hundred and seventy natives and thirty for- 
 
 MMi 
 
1 the Com- 
 
 ) about one 
 
 about one 
 
 'uestlay, the 
 
 les, and also 
 arge of the 
 Church once 
 cl and their 
 this year, if 
 ave not kept 
 diligent in 
 
 tion in the - 
 • about four 
 would swell 
 •ty-fifth part 
 
 he Koloshes: 
 inne to come 
 [)f them were 
 suns ion. In 
 ill lived near 
 >st, and that 
 ed, they were 
 !e." 
 
 UNE, IHii). 
 
 1 more in the 
 was in those 
 .ad an oppor- 
 ;)f those ba[)- 
 the year pre- 
 part of them 
 3 at tl nr bap- 
 the word of 
 nity to their 
 ?An to bo bap- 
 44:, numbered 
 d thirty for- 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 17 
 
 eigners, Avhilst in 1S43 there were of the Christians there 
 thirty foreigners and four natives, the same of whom the Holy 
 Synod told me wben I was in St. Petersburg. One of these 
 especially very heartily cooperated Avith the priest. The na- 
 tives expressing with one mouth a desire to have a priest living 
 amongst them, it only remained for me to proceed to the found- 
 ing of an independent mission there, and, thank God, the mis- 
 sion is already organized and has gone tliere this year. The 
 priest Jacob Netchvatoif is in charge of this mission, the 
 same whom I wished to send to the Kenae mission, and who 
 was reported as belonging to it, but, as the work in the north 
 was more important, I sent him to the Kvichpak mission. To 
 the Kenae mission has been sent the Monk Nicholas (a deacon), 
 who has gone there this year. 
 
 This year, 1845, after leaving Petropaulovsky, where I ar- 
 rived by the mercy of God, June 2d, I expect to visit the 
 Aleoutine Islands, and next summer to take a sea voyage to 
 
 Kamchatka." 
 
 May 1, 1848. 
 
 "From reports received by me last September from the 
 Kenae and Kvichpak missionaries, it is clear that the Lord 
 does not cease to bless their labors with visible success. The 
 missionaries, too, labor with all zeal and .judgment, not striving 
 to increase unduly the number of the baptized ; on the con- 
 trary, they exercise great circumspection in receiving those 
 who come to them desirous of Holy Baptism. The Kenae in 
 general receive Christianity with gladness, ana in a spirit c *" 
 obedience to God's law. They listen to instruction with untir- 
 ing attention, fulfill their Christian duties heartily and with 
 all care, and, what is very noteworthy, on a single expression 
 of the missionary's wish, they give up their national dances 
 and songs, replacing the latter with our hymns, so far as they 
 are translated into their language. 
 
 All tlieir former SlianKHis have been baptized, and the greater 
 part of them show themselves to be very good Christians. 
 Some of them, on a very siiglit hint from the missionary, cut 
 off their hair (which previously they had highly prized), in 
 token that they not only followed, but were glad to fulfill their 
 missionary's teachings. 
 
 Ni S'tft^ 
 
18 
 
 INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 The word of God, sown by the missionaries on the border of 
 the ocean, has been conveyed without any direct instrumental- 
 ity of theirs, by those converted from heathenism, to a people 
 living at the extreme north part of the continent of AmoBica, 
 called Koltchans, who had never seen a missionary. 
 
 The Kenae missionary writes that, in the Spring of last year, 
 18,47, there came to one of the Kenae villages some families of 
 Koltchans, with the intention of going to the mission to be 
 baptized, but were not able to go by boat. The Kenae who 
 saw them said that, when they prayed, some of the Koltchans 
 who came to them burst into tears, r.ad said: 'God has forsaken 
 us, and does not call us to him. How shall we die, for there 
 evil awaits the unbaptized!' The missionary was not able to 
 visit these Koltchans, and fulfill their pious wish, having the 
 charge also of the Noushagin Mission, which now, from the 
 lack of men suitable for missionaries, was dependent upon the 
 Kenae missionary. Their former missionary, the Priest 
 Paitchelin, on account of illness, has been compelled to go to 
 the Kodiak Church. In the summer of the year IS-tC) there 
 came in boats to the redoubt at the upper part of the Eiver 
 Kouskokvim, a number of Koltchans and their families, fifty- 
 four persons in all, desiring to receive Holy Baptism. They 
 received it at the hands of a layman, the i)erson who was in 
 charge of the redoubt, for the missionary was not and could 
 not be there at that time, owing to his having so much other 
 needful work. In the summer of 1847, these same newly- 
 baptized persons again came to the redoubt to see the priest, 
 and with them there came also other Koltchans, about sixty in 
 number, who also wished to be baptized, but, for the same 
 reason as before, were unable to see the priest, and were bap- 
 tized by the layman already mentioned." 
 
 The selection from Innocent's letters published in Stourdza's 
 "Remembrancer" makes no further mention of the Koltchans, 
 but we may surely believe that they were not left to walk in 
 darkness, "for God ever provideth teachers for them that would 
 learn of Him, and maketh known the way of truth to them 
 that love the truth." 
 
 The good Bishop had little to say of himself in his letters. 
 As to what he did we must learn from others. He was not 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 19 
 
 m 
 
 riest, 
 ty in 
 same 
 bap- 
 
 rilza's 
 clians, 
 mlk in 
 
 them 
 
 letters, 
 was not 
 
 only, iu his vast diocese, the chief of the missionaries, hut the 
 chief missionary; not only n spiritual governor, hut a model of 
 faithfulness and zeal. We are told that he became master of 
 six diulects spoken in the field committed to his charge. He 
 himself translated, and assisted others iu translating, Ifirge 
 parts of God's Word, and the Liturgy of his Church, for the 
 use of the natives. For forty-five years, i,en of them as Bishop 
 of Kamchatka, eighteen more as its Archbishop, he labored on, 
 in season and out of season. Towards the close of 18B7, God 
 cidled to Himself one of the most remarkable prelates of 
 modern days, Philaret of Moscow, who lived to celebrate the 
 fiftieth anniversary of his Episcopate, and then "fell asleep." 
 The writer was, a few weeks after, in Moscow, where s[)ecula- 
 tion was rife as to who cf)uld worthily follow such a man. 
 When it was announced that Innocent of Kamchatka had been 
 chosen to the vacant See, there was a general satisfaction. 
 It could not he saiil of him tliat nearly half a century of toil 
 and exposure had left his natural force unabated. But, though 
 he had passed the limit of three-score years and ten, he 
 entered upon his new duties with earnestness Assisted in the 
 administration of his diocese by two eilicient Yicar Bishops, 
 with one of whom, Leonide, Bisho[) of Dmitrotf, the writer 
 had the honor to be acquainted, and yet by no means leaving 
 all to them, he was diligent in using his vast influence 
 fur the good of his whole church. '^Vithdrawn, like Selwyn, 
 from the missionary Jifld, like the Bishop of Lichfield he 
 labored as heartily as ever for the missionary citiise. He 
 felt that the missionary work, which had been carried on so 
 well by individual zeal, could be prosecuted more effectively by 
 organized efforts. He knew, too, that the Church of Russia 
 had need, for ils own sake, to be heartily interested in the 
 missionary cause, as has any chnrch on which God has laid 
 the duty of laboring rather than of suffering for Him. And 
 so he brought id)out the foundation of the Orthodox Mission- 
 ary Society, in behalf of which he issued the following pastoral: 
 
 "November 21st of this year, 1809, the approval of the 
 Czar was given to the Constitutitm of the Orthodox Missionary 
 Society, under the august patronage of Her Imperial High- 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 * , „ nwirtue of thi» Con- 
 
 .litution, the Coancl o tU. 80 y^ .^^ ^,^^^,„,„, „ 
 
 to me l.n. been eomm.ttea the ' > j ij,„,i„, ,„ my <le- 
 
 those not Christhins, l.v.ng «i >» ' j,.„^,,, ,[ „„ holy 
 
 l„a of hn.hlin, «,. "-;•;'';:':' ,. autie» of the Chv«- • 
 ,eli.ion, .s woU .» >■> the P™ ;„„ow.c„untryn,e„ m»ny 
 
 tian life. Of »nch ye^on « lu « ^^^ j^,^,,^ „, „,„„,, 
 
 million. »»'»-^'''V'' '"c ,,«^^ the numhe.- of these 
 
 :r::::"r;er™s:i.^vh.^ 
 
 tn>e somce of means tor the dcAe ^^^_^^^ ^^ ^^ o^ho- 
 
 bo fomnl in the sympathy .oul '-f^ j^ f„„„.,e,l for all, 
 
 t. ChristianB. The «--- ^ f ° f,, g,,„.t ,vorU, which 
 
 rich and po«. who "e ve"b to 
 
 „„ks for »n,l which need, then ^.^^^__^ ^^^ ^^^^ y^^j.ty, ,, 
 
 ..As your chief l«»tor and as tie „ j^and clergy, 
 
 asU and pray ^^'^^-'"\^::^Zn 'synl-'fJ ""'^ 
 not to leave me in this 'fj J' ,^^^„ o„,, 1 hope to meet my 
 ...Hlpcration. In » "''"''t *""'> '' ™ „^,. to the Lord onr 
 eZ-ed 6ocU, that to.™"--;;;-^., ^L riissionary Society, 
 
 <-^r-^"\";:r2rHug: aua -i^y '.">'^ >" ^-"'' "-^ 
 
 in the work it is Society." Insocf.st, 
 
 first public meeting of the i ^^^^_^_,„,^ 
 
 Tanuary 25, 1810, there was a "P^-^'f .'^"'"tvattetebraU 
 
INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 ai 
 
 jet my 
 ixA our 
 Society, 
 bw tlie 
 
 [y Society- 
 
 in the 
 Islebrated 
 lis Vicar 
 
 Bishops, and an admirable sermon preached by the Archpriest 
 A. O. Klutchureff (siuce made Bishop of Kharkoff), from the 
 text: "Your feet shod witli the preparation of the Go8{)el of 
 peace," Eph. vi. : 15. There was a very hirge gathering of the 
 clergy and laity at the Cathedral. At I l". M., they repaired 
 to the large hall at the residence of the (jovernor-Genornl. 
 After prayers by the venerable Metropolitan, the Constitution 
 of the Society was rt^nd, and the Metropolitan delivered an 
 liddrosH, emphasizing the great need of prayer to the Lord of 
 the Harvest that He wouKl grant success to the laborers in 
 the missionary field.* 
 
 From the last report of the Orthodox Missionary .Society 
 on which the writer can conveniently lay his hands, he learns 
 tiiat, in ISSC), there were 7,720 active members of the Society, 
 and that the contributions for the past year, made directly to 
 tiie Society, were 125,152 roubles.f Offerings for the '"Prop- 
 agation of Christianity Amongst the Heathen of the Empire" 
 have long been made in the Churches; these are now disbursed 
 by the Missionary Society, and, added to the amoiint already 
 mentioned, bring up the receipts for the year to the sum of 
 15(),8;J7 roubles. The Treasurer reported as belonging to the 
 Society, in the Permanent Fund, 354,41!> roubles; in the Ite- 
 serve Fund, 7:5,0();J roubles; cash on hand, 122,432 roubles; 
 in 'ill, 550,514 roubles. Although the Society was founded to 
 take charge of missions within tne bounds of the Empire, it 
 has now flourishing foreign missions as well.;|: Besides the 
 Council of the Society at Moscow, there are now thirty-five 
 Diocesan Committees actively cooperating in keeping up the 
 missionary spirit, and raising funds for the missionary work, 
 throughout the Russian Church. 
 
 September 7, 1877 (August 27, o. s.). Innocent celebrated 
 his eightieth birthday. Among the congratulatory letters re- 
 ceived on tins occasion, one of the most interesting was from 
 the yet more aged Presiding Bishop of the American Church, 
 
 * In (in article in the American Church Review for July, 1878, the writer gave an account 
 of The Orthodox Missionary SoclHy of Russia, with a summary of the Motropoliuin's 
 address at its fuunding, a translation of the Constitution of the Society, and a brief 
 statement of its work up to that time. 
 
 tThe par value of a rouble is about 75 cents, or 3 shillinKS English money. 
 
 tThe writer gave some account of "Russian Missions in China and Japan," in the 
 American Cliurch Review, for October, 1878. 
 
as INNOCENT OF MOSCOW. 
 
 which gftve its recipient great ploiiHure, \\m\ is printed in full 
 in his Life. The letter reads as follows: 
 
 New York, U. S. A., July 28, 1S77. 
 
 To my Mosf licrrroid Brother in Chrisf, Innocent, Mrtroitoli- 
 
 1(1 n of Moscoir : 
 
 My friend, the Rev. Charles R. Hale, D. 1)., has, for some 
 time piist, ke[)t nie informed of the great and good work, f^r 
 the extension of the kingdom of our Blessed Lord, in whicli 
 BO much of your life has been em[)loyed. I have this moment 
 finished the reading of a pamj)' 'et on this subject, which ho 
 has sent me. By this, I have een struck by several coinci- 
 dences in the dealings of our I. >rd with us. With the excep- 
 tion of the Bishop of Rome and the Bishop of Mississippi, v » 
 are, perhaps, the only Bishops of the Historic Church who 
 were born in the last century — you in 1707, and I in 1704. 
 I was consecrated Bishop, for a distant missionary district, 
 only eight years before you were sent as a Bishop to your 
 more distant jurisdiction. I have occupied a position which, 
 in olden times, and in the Old World, would be called metro- 
 political, since December 28th, 18(57 — January '.•tli, 18()8, 
 within a very few days, I think, of the time when you were 
 made Metropolitan of Moscow. 
 
 No doubt you feel more and more, as I do, the greatest 
 astonishment at the condescension of our Blessed Lord, that 
 He should make choice of such as we are for work like this. 
 Nevertheless, I thank Him for it, since it has greatly deepened 
 my sense of the value of souls, and increased my profound 
 conviction that the Gospel of Christ is the only "glad tidings" 
 which can bring salvation to them. , 
 
 We naturally sti'etch forth our hands and give our hearts to 
 all those who are engaged with us in proclaiming salvation in 
 no other Name but His. We are drawn, however, much nearer 
 to those who, like us, hold only to the Holy Scriptuves, tlie two 
 Ancient Creeds, and the decision, of the early General Councils, 
 as the standards of our faith. 
 
 In whatsoever minor things we may differ, my trust and my 
 belief is, that the more the missionaries of the Cross "run to 
 and fro," animated by His love, and the more "knowledge is 
 
 ^ 
 
IN Ni .CENT OF MOSCOW 
 
 28 
 
 iiicrefiHod,"' the nenvpr wi 
 
 11 all Ikftiu'liesof the Historic Church 
 
 be l)r()n«,'ht to encli other, the Imr'uinger of Uie iln\viiii)y; of the 
 (liiy lonrj desired by idl His Saints. 
 
 Very tuithfally and all'fctiouately, your u-,'ed brother, 
 
 Benjamin Bohwouth Smith, 
 Bixhop of KenliH'kii, and Presiding BinlH>ii. 
 
 The streiif^th of the venerable Metropolitan was fast waning', 
 and April vl (March ;U, o. s. ), 1S71), his work done, he (lui.'tly 
 I'ell ash!e{), leaving' a blessed memory, and a bii^>ht example 
 which will 1'.' iidluential for good while time shall lust. 
 
 Laus Deo! 
 
 Note, Tlio (,'rt'iiter r)art of this pamitlilet wns contribn d as nn article 
 in tlic American Church litsview, .Inly, 1877. It was reprinte.l thence, in 
 pamphlet form, with the kiiul permission of the editor. Having been long 
 out of print, and freiinent re<inestB having been made for it, it is now 
 reprinted, with a few additions. Copies will be gladly sent to persons inter- 
 ested, on application to Dean Hale, 
 
 Cathedral Close, 
 
 Davenport, loim. 
 
 
 ■•BOHEllDT, PBINTEll, DAVENPORT, IOWA.