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Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 f-ZO^ ■"^ y THE FARMEli'8 POLITICO fiedprooity of Trade with tbe Vnited States. Ai^ i^Bue of vast public import^ce is now presentecl to tiie Qleotors ff Ofl^iada. 39tween the two ^eat politiqal parties the dividing lines are dis- tinctly drawn. During the Session of uie Dominion Parliament, held in 1887, Sir Richard Oartwright in advocatmg the adoption of the policy of the Liberal party, moved the following resolution, setting forth in unmistakable terms, the necesiuty Of enlarged trade i^tions with the limited states :— « **That it is h^ily desirable that the largest possible free lorn of commercial intercourse should obtain between the I>ominion of Onnada and the United States, and that it is expedient that ati articles manufactured in or the natural products of the said countries should be admitted free of duty into the ports of the other (articles subject to duty of excise Qr «f internal revenue alone excepted) ; and it is expedient tJiat the government of ohe Donainion should take steps fit an 9Arly date to ascertain on wh^t terms and conditions arranjs^tnQpts can be eff(^tid with the United Sit^tes, for ths purpose of securing fliU and uprestnoted - 4prQc4^ of 1^r»d,e therewith." Sir BiohaFd Oartwright proceeded to show, that there had been for many yean ^0> alarming ezodus of Canadians to the United States — that the total VOlVjJ^e of exports ana imports had decrease , from ^217,000,000 in 1873, to ^202,000*000 in i886~that $80,000,7)00 (or nearly one-halli and tiiat the most profltabte half ) w»s with the United States, notwithstanding the trade barriers between the two countries,— H|faat the Eolicy proposed in this resolution would benefit nineteen-twentleths of the popu- btion of Canada, by allowing them to buy in the cheapest and. sell in Mhq dearest markets— and thus the monstrous burdens now falling on the farmers, laborers, artisans, mechanics, fishermen, miners, lumberman, and the great producing classes in the community would be redressed. Hon. George Foster, the present Finance Minister, enunciated the Government PoUcy ua the following amendment : — " That Canada in the future, as in the past, is desirous of cultivating and extending trade relations with the United States, in SO far as they may not conflict with the policy of fostering th« varipus industries and interests of the Dominion, which ws# adopted in 1879, a,^d w^i^ has sinoe received* in so marked a manner, the sanction and approval of the people." In o]|^»08»ig the proposition for enlarged trade relations, he alleged that the adoption of such a policy would jeopardise the National PoUcy and th9 manufftctnrers who had been protected since 1879, and WOUld not benefit the farmers. The govermnent amendment was cPirried by a vote of 124 yeas, to 67 nays— thus defeating 3ir Richard Oartwright'e proposition for Beciprocity. During the Sessions of 1889 and 1890 respectively, Sir Richard Oartwright proposed a similar resolution, and upon each occasion i^e Government Called upQQ their supporters to mark their disapproval o* ^^« poHcy of Unrestricted^ Reciprowty by recording their votes against the resolution. In lo^U Mon. Mr. Ooiby, I'resident Qt the Council, enunciated the policy of the Government in significant lanp^e, as may be seen by the following extract from the official (ffanaard) report of the Debate :— " Hon, Mr. Mills, Bpthw^U, (tvidresaipj Mr. 0<^).—- Tto» iki hoo. f(«atleman kn 0f poaed etftrads in mMaX products t ' iT S?' J^*"* ^^^y — Most decidedljf, from the fkrmer'8 Btandpoint. I kAow whereof j ■pe*k. The hon. gentleman hu devoted many years \o the study of I'hilosoph) , I have dp voted many years to the stndy of agriculture, and 'when I first came to this House I was one of the largent agriculturists in my county. For many years I had studied agricultural problems from a farmer's standpoint, and I am sure the farmers of this country will endorse me whffsx I say that free trade between Canada and the United States in all jgriculteaJ products would be the worst possible thing that could happen to the Farmers of Canada." Would Eeoiprooity Benefit the Farmers ? Every unprejudiced observer, candid in expressing an opinion, cannoi but answer that enquiry in the affirmatim If evidence is wanted to prove the beneficial results under the Reciprocity Treaty, extending from 1864 to 1856, the foUowing utterances furnish all that can be required : — Sir John A. Macdonald, when speaking at Hamilton in 1860, said,— ifwll?*^® FTu** °°'^® °^ *^® prosperity of the farmers in Upper Canada is the Reciprocity iTeaw, and the consequent mterohange of agricultural commodities and raw materials. He has found a market where there was none at all before." Sir John A. Macdonald, in a speech at Caledonia, the same year said,— fhA Vf«,%^iiS ?.^® measure of late date which benefits the country more than another, it is Al^«5 #^**^ Tu®.**?' °ego<=jated in'ieed by the Hinck's Government, but penaoted under Sir TT,I,^-i Hfof " ^"^^ wherew wheat used to pay twenty cents a bushel to enter the frontiers of the for thS^ooo,,"."/ ^T°®'. '""^ ^'^\ *'''^ f^^^ farmev here is twenty cents a bushel richer MonJ«^ff.?«!S^^ i"^^*u ""V^"^^ kept out of the United States, Ind being obliged to go to to l^W r^n^ «^i"r^^® ^^s^^T *^® °^°**^® ""^ *^o markets ; he £as two strings manSkoS5Ui. or ^^^1°'' u^ Customs stands between him and the New BnglaSd manufacturer, or between him and the British consumer." Reasons for Beoiprooity. FREE MARKETS WANTED FOR AGRIOULTURAL PRODUGTS. 1 1^ The, Ui"*e"'" *'*"'" ^ the fo£„^Un^?i*"°° anneunoed hie view, ou that .ubjoet .t Walkerton, in 1878, in '1? r^ P"^*"™.?"" r^* '•? neighbor, hare not, and which they miut tor from us w« oim nut oar own pnoe upon it, »nd leave them to pay the duty impo.ed by their gorernmLtiribaTc^ th. £L«wt 1 V^i ^ through the American cusfcom house and pay the American dutv and when th»^ Todutv ' '*^ '^^^ '*^ ''^^'' "° °^"'V.°'^ ^^^" commodities than the Amerfcan pTo'duct who Sys Lu &« 'A..irr ' S""^^"'^ ^u^^T^. 'I"^^'^ "^""*''y **k«« fi^« ^«^««« valued at $100 each S Detroifto !fiL SLi"*^^'" A«"««.'" *¥ United States is 20 per cent., which the Canadian faSi«?mus^ £^'''fivrho™e8'»1no'or"f^fL'i?,t ^^^'^^^i maricet. iliat is he must pay «20 for each horse,' and on ckn takHheS te th^mTrW^^ ^T^ ^?i *^! ^^*®<* States iustom house before he ^?«^fl J to tue market. Then he will get no more than a Michiean farmer xirill ^h Z ^Zt^^'^^^u ^°°*^ ^rS£^^«- ^"PP°«« *^»t 1^« *"d a MichiganfaTmer e^ ?S fivfhors^ each gets ^«^^£^2W$4^' "" ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^""^ ^ ^ ^"^^^^ ; wwSe — It therefore follows that au 'who articles en have had an additional market value in Canada, States duties, if the American market was free value of the articles exported would not only extend to all of a similar character produced in How will the Farmers of in the United States* Tariff? If there ooul 18 kted in the foregoing tables would lUal to the amount of the United Canadian producers, and that the ehter but 1^6 increase would ^ofii try. feoted by the racent changes freedom of trade with the United in value by States the farmers would be able to receive for thoir pVo luce an increase in value equal to the amount of the duty. The returns of the Bureau of Stajbi^tifjs show the following quantities to be the average annual production in the County of Barley, i^iij^M bushels, would be increai^d| amount of duty, 30 cents per bushel . Peas, 31Q|0<)0 bushels, by 40 cents per bushel/ Hay, 70jO i< tons, by $i4 per ton . , Potatoes, 3W;Q00 bushels, by 25 cents pet bjishel . Upon barley, peas, hay and potaxoes alone, the ■ farmers here would secure an / increase in value in one year of the eL