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Las cartes, planchaa. tableaux, etc., pauvent itre filmAe i dee taux de rMuction diff«rents. Lorsqua le document est trop grand pour ktrm reproduit en un seui ciich*. II sat filmA i partir da I'angia supirieur gauche, de gauche h droite. et de haut an baa. en prenant la nombre d'Imagea necassaire. Lea diagrammes suivants illuatrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 22X 1 2 3 4 5 6 CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL EARM. DEPARTMENT OF A^;KIC(JLT(JK1:, OTTAWA, ... CA]N^AT3A. «ULLETL\ JVo. 17. CHERRl^g^ NOVEMBER, 1892. To tlie Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. Sir, — 1 boji to submit herewith for your aj>))roval, the seven- teenth Hulk'tin from the Central Experimental, Farm which has been prepared uiuler my direction by Mr. John Craig, Horti- culturist of the Experimental Farm. The subject of this Bulletin is Cherries, and in it there is given much information regarding the hardier and more promising sorts which have been tested in the cherry orchard at the Central Experimental Farm, and especially in reference to those varieties which have been brought to America within the past few years from Northern Europe. From tlie information here submitted, it would appear that there are among the newer cherries tested, varieties of special merit as to hardiness, vigour of growth and (piality of fruit, which should now be disseminated and tried in a more general way. With the view of assisting to bring about this desirable end, buds of these cherries have been freely distributed during ihe past season among Cana- dian nur-crynicu and fruit growers, and a similar distribution will be made on application during the jjropaguting season of 1893. It is hoped that through this action young trees of those sorts most desirable, may soon be available to the i)ublic through the usual channels of M-ade, and that thus a desirable impetus may be given to cherry growing throughout the Dominion, and especially in those districts, where the winters are unfavourable for the growth of the more tender sorts. The illustrations used in this Bulletin have been engraved especially for this publication from photographs of the fruit taken under the personal supervision of Mr. Craig. I have the honour to be Your obedient servant, WM. SAUNDERS. Director. CiiXTKAL Experimental Farm. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA, - . . CANADA. CHERRIES. Bv Jouv Guam;, Ilorticulfurlst. value for ,1,„„. .,...,i„,„ „f " , "''''""' '" ' <™ " '' »ev.ri,j- „f the. Clin a 1, "»'""'"'■'. wIkto l,y ,■,.„»„„ ,„■ ,|,c T^o ,L,e.,e, ..::;;;„:;;' :xr::"r ';i«'"-'.' "'"'"■""^- selections, made by Prof I T i T / ^he "'•'»"» personal College, Ames, lo.va an I tt I" . n 1 ''" '''^'^' ^V^rHewhwral Im,K,rtation.s followed i„ ISHS Tl * ^^""""'•^ '" ''''■ opportunityof studying tie ne its o I "T • ."■■" ''^'"''^ '^ '^'^ at the Central Evnerimenfal Rn. . , ' '"* '"'"''■'■>' •»''^'''«'-^l for the past three'v^s be n , n T I varieties.leseribed have, Mr WW J" ^'''''^^^"""^'^''''»yo''«e>-vation, was planted bv • *^- ^^ llilborn in 1888. Some nf .l.„ ♦ P'-niu «i by from S,„„e & Wdli„K,o„ of VV„lla„. I,^ DwT rVr'"""" rme8,0i,t.;J.M H,knf til , ,'•",""■ """'"""I St- <'atlie- of RocI,e«,e,., NY.bu .;■''• '^""; ""'' "^''^-K" * Barry Prof.Bu.lJo I„„;,„i ,„ '; !■■■«% ""■"'-■ wcr.. „b,ai„e.l fro,,. latter. The Hoil of the cherry onihard at Ottawa is a lij^lit, well drained sandy loam, iiavinn a stiff sub-soil, coni|ioscd of gravel and day. The trees were i»laute nnid-siiininer with a one horse cultivitor; an occasional light hoeing after- wards has jtreventeil weeds from going to seed. The manuring haM consisted of one .ipplication of barnyard manure in I8HH, and a dressing of inilea<-heil wood ashes, at the rate of 1l>") bushels to the acre, in the spring of iHiH). This treatment has been pr ductive of a healthy, vigorous growth, and seems to have promoted early fruitage. The first specimens of fruit were picked in 181)0. The increase in cpnuitity and variety has been rapid, forty varieties having fruited the past season, many of them yielding full crops. Thus far the trees have been entirely free from black knot. It is not intended at this time to nnike a scientific classifi- cation of the varieties herein described. Considered from a commercial aspect, cidtivated cherri a be long to one of two groups, which aic outlined more or less roughly. Group 1. includes Heart and IJigarreau cherries ; rapid growing varieties attaining large size, having much larger leaves than the next group, and bearing fruit, sweet and tender, as well as firm fleshed. The varieties of thisda^s as a rule are not reliable where the climate is so severe as to prohibit peach culture. Group II. includes Duke and Morello cherries. Formerly the distinctive lines dividing the Duke from the i\[orello varieties -were drawn with considerable accuracy, but the rapid niultiplicatton of varieties from seed, the probable product of natural crosses, has complicated classification so much, that of late years these two families have been generally grouped under one heading The Dukes as a class are upright growers, with rather stout branches and leaves of moderate size, while the typical INI orellos are round topped, with smaller leaves and slender branches more or less drooping. Intermediate forms are numerous, and it is a matte.- of some difficulty at the present time to assign to each new variety its true position. A very interesting account of Russian and German cherries, illustrating methods of propagation and cultivation, was published take .1,01,. ,,l J,.. •• '''■'■'"'"'"'■•■'■"'"•■'.V- .■«-|.. b». .u. it van,, j,:;, i'i'l;'>;'" f '■''"•'■'■'•■'"■*"■).«. it of,..,, i., ^' "'-'"- .'."':;:.;:; :::;';;'rr;,:r'v r"""- t..o.ki„, wiu J ,:,:;::' ;'';■'';»'' i-i-i i.iisi, ,,..1; ri|* it lo„. i„ a„i,,i,v • ,:,r '""■tm™ ; wl,..,, ,, >,.,- of .1,0 nliar hi c „f ,, '" "',"' '" """ ""'at PaRaticm ,„■ , if;;-' 1 .'■'''■;." ■"'"''• '"" ■""■•-'■ •'' I-- fffcot l..a,,a..a,i„„ i, ,1 i , " ■" "• "■'"" """"ale have. „ , I !..,„ , , ;■ ■■ ■■"•" «'"''"'»a...l Im„1 „,„ di.„o,„i,„„. wi-rz V ■" •' '""■°"''"'' '"■■^'""' '""""'I after «vVv u" „ ,'' "" «''"'""' '■«~-^"- "' ""^ ^-li.aa.o, by the .,1,1..:: :::i:;,';.'j:: " '" '"■"""■ -"" -'•^"■"" ■ '•■ ""-■» an,';,;;;;::;;;:;;:t::::;;t;^'''"'-''''«"f"™''''-»'"v,..a,.,a„ whici, ,.a„ on,;::;::: ;':^::;;,,:7, ;;;;»• '"- "'■•""' '•■ »' years. The oi)inio.,« l„... , ''*^"" "^'' '•> ^1)0 exponcMico of ,„ai,y until confir, ,eT:,, , il ; tT'r-' »""'"'' '^ ™"»"'-«l •.".ta.iv', l>ot«,l are.,„t,„lti,.i,.,„w,|i„r ' '""' ''>^ »l'o»„,g tliat s„,„i. I,,™ -hid, .W, oC .ef/'b '''1™''-" -r™'-"'™" other, note ,„„i, L,„uJu2::;^, 4:,.,:;:;,;""'° " " •"""«'" "-' '° The Ulustratious made ij.se of n,.„ r. natural .i,e. of f,.„it gro.rii;,'..":,! iTl. l""":«"l'>'». t.^ke„ Farm, Otta \va, gruwn either at the Central E or at Abbotsford, Quebec. xperi mental Amakki.i.k Hativk. {Enrh/ ^hnardle.) Hoceivt..! from I'n.f. Hu.M in 1hh7. It lias n.a.li- fiiir growth and thus fiir l.us not been injiMv.l hy the col.l of wint.-r. It began fnnt.Mf,' II. IN.M), iK-arinir the pivsent y.-ar a full rrop. Fruit large, obtusely lu.jirt MhaiKMJ, with .suture fairly well .ielii,,.,!. (See Kig. 1).' Skin .hirk re.l, stalk long, slender, set in a .leep eavitv. Klesh well tinged with red, .juite rieh and jiiiey. Pit, medium to'large. (Quality »'•«. I .- Amarellk Hativk. good. Hi,,e this year July 10th. This variety wo.ihl appear to he valuable on aecoiint of earliness and i.rodiietiveiiess. The name would iiplieate Kreneh origin, but it does not appear in "Guide I'rati(|ue" of Freres Simon-Louis of Metz, (Jermany. Bessakai.iax {No. 02 of I^of. Jiud.l). This variety is said to belong to a race believed to have been introduce.I from Central Asia. Fruit medium to large, generally produced in pairs, bright red, considerably Hattened siays on a.-rount of its ur^o s.z,. an.l «oo.l c.olo,„. i, sHIs i„ th. Warsaw .nark.-t at one- iou.- ..no.. tl.a.. Os,i,..in.. Tn. a f.v. o,.en ,..ow..., faL-Iy ..a.-" VH..n.t.c.ofthe.-eai>..kc.ra.niIy in ...Itivation. it has s..e Jla ml..,Mal,ly on those. K,o,..Mls, th. t,w In-inj. har.lv a.nl very p,.o- J...ce K.,K...s t,.wa.-.ls the. c-n.l of .Inly. It shonl.i .......iv.. a trial on h.yht Ho.l wht'iv Uirh..,o.„l fails. CKias,.:d'()sn.K.M.-As fruite.l ho.v this is no, e..,nal to .Mi.nu- sota Ostlu..... althon^h Prof. lU.U spoaks highly of i, at A.n.s. •'«;:» -'■•■nm s,,,Ha..k.,..Mhc.nr.n..c.ss of the. ()sthei.n, an.l .-iiH...- 111^' a te'w .l.iys late-i-, sonu-wlial astrin-a-nt l)o,■,uK-(i,..vss(/Avv./^ ^;/..).-/ve.ry .li.ti.u-t tvpe of tree tTn! ' ""' ;'"'' ^^^'-^ '"'•' "^'•«^' '"-"'''-t 1....IS. l.u.t oi the. Ia,-gc.sts,ze., he.a.! sha,.e.l with a .Ive.,, sut.,,-.. .S.alk Hck 1 to H ,n<.hc.s lo„.. FU,sh ye.llow an-i Hr.n, jni... u,u-,>lor..|. K.1K...S towanis the e.n.l of July. The- above note.s we..x. .na.!. on rn., ..-own at Abl.otsfu.-.l, (^u.., whe..e. th. trc. was ,.lante..l e-i^^ht .-TiT" /^ ^V^"^f"'-'» '^ - -t strictly hanly.' Wor.hv of trial in Noutlu.in Ontario. Fe,ir„K.s'MoK,.:,.M.._Fruit .nc.lium to la.KC obtusely hea,-t hapeei stalk Ion., slei,--,, skin bright .-e.l, sen.i-transparen' Flesh no.le,-ately hr,n, ve.-y juu-y, good ,,ual,ty. Pit s.nall round, liine tb,8 year July I5th, four or Hve days after A.na.elle Iir.tive Tree i:^tzr' '""'"■' '"■'^- '''''''''' °^ ''''' '" ''" ^'-•'•^ «-- Fkal-km.oukku WK,r„sEr..-This is recommended bv Prof Budd as a t.-ee both ha.-dy and productive. As L-uited I.e.; it has week in Jul) . It may he valuable in the colder districts Griottk i)u N Budd from Si! Noun {NorthA'ra r?j-/a//,^), —Introduced bv esia. Fmit usually boi-ne in j Prof. spherical, skin da.-k .-ed ; stalk long si )aii-s, medium to large juicy, rather acid but pleasant ; pit of med ng slendei-. Flesh highly coloj'ed lum size. Ihisdesci-iption coluoi.lcH with that ffivn. I.y Frm-H Simon Lonis, i„ - (iuiWc I'ra- tiqui'." Ti((. a Kh)w j;io\vor of compact hal>it. Hardy. (iltloriK .rOsiiiKiM appcai-H to he so closely allicl to Osthcimas to ron.Icr a .h.scri|.tio.i nimcccssary. At Ahlx.tsfonl it nuluroM four <.r five days earlier, and in perhaps a little finer in .piality. Fig:. 3.— nRlOTTR ImPRBIALR. Gros Gouet (Motitmorenct/ d conrte queue).— ^ot liardy at Ottawa, but should be valuable an a canning cherry in Sonthorn Ontario. Fruit large, borne iu clusters ; oblate with a deep suture extending froi.. apex to stem cavity. Skin bright red, stalk stout ^ to 1 inch in length with pit firmly attached. Flesh white, tender. For culinary purposes. Kipe the last week in July. OlMOTTK iMI'KlltAr.K. , . '"" ' "" '" " "'■■" .a'"'vr, hnnlv „,l„,.,iv.. ■ frai, Imtt "I s„-,.,. ,u„l .„„r. ,.i|„.,„ „,„„„ „,„ ,„i,|,|,,. „|. ,,, . - L j;;r"'- ;"■' > '• "'■""■«' "•,. ,,„„ vn., DIM Will »' a <'()()( iii.i. »l,,. «'..,.;. ••<••. ... f^'""i iHi' uio tniit IS 111 crioi- I, s y,. .,,,,1 ..^^.ty to ...a.,. ...... ,,.„„.,„,. ,^^. „,.,:..:'^.:: ft' H, .U..1. J ,■,.,. a fiv.. .....u-.r, fairly l.anlv. Prof. IJ„.M s.vs Where Vla. Hus variety ,s thon^Wit bv Dr. Mo.,., to l,o -i svnonvn. • w^;':;;::;:t-j^^''''^'--^-^--'^-«-- '---^ ^ImXKSOTA OsTIIKIM. Speaking of the OHf/,e,'m. Mr. (;i|,b s.i.l ..To . ii . Di....,„. s.„„ ,, ,..„,, „. .,h;;:';::,i... fT,;..'' .,.:: 0,000 aii.l 6,000 tect, ai„l tliat it ,va» brought to (ioimanv h. MiK7 town ot O^theiin, wheiu-e its present n-inie " TU.„ „ i ^ va™ti„» a„ ,.ep..»„„.., ,, „„',„„„ ;:::;:o.t, ,,::;"■■ ti' catalog above Ger ues, equal I mentioned It Ml (luality or productiveness the many by Mr. E. .M^ sota, and brought witli h seems to have been intro.luced f variety er. wh o settled at St. Peter, M ira sprouts of this oh I'oni inne- lerry. (Iowa Ilort. Soc 10 Report, 1881, p. 371.) Fruit iiiiich larger than Richmoud, obtusely heart shaj)e(l ; sature obscurely marked ; skin dark red ; when fully ripe a brownish black ; (see tig. 3) stalk two or more inches in length ; flesh tender ; deeply Oolored ; (piality good ; pit medium to large ; productive ; maturing from July loth to 25th. Tree of the round topped, half dwarf Morello tyi)e. This is recommended with a considerable amount of confidence in its future success. Wi«. a — MiN'XKSOTA SOUTHKRIN. No. 18,Ri(;a. Thiswasintroduced by Prof. Hudd, from Riga,Rus- sia. Fruit large, heart shai)ed, dark red ; stalk long, slender ; flesh firm, juice colored, pit small ; quality good ; ripening about July 12th ; an attractive variety combining many good jjoints. Tree resembles Ostheim but is a slower grower. Orel, No. 25. Prof. Budd obtained from Orel, Russia, several varieties under number; these have been sent out in the same way. Varieties on trial include Nos. 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27. The following description ap- plies to Orel No. 25, (see fig. 4) which appears to be the most vain- able. Fruit borne singly or in clusters, large, heart-shaped; skin light red ; juice uncolored ; stalk an inch to an inch and a half long ; flesh tender, very juicy, sub-acid ; pit medium to small ; ripe this 11 ' year the first u-eek In Ang,.st, but fruit allowed to remain on the tree wa« .n goo.l condition August 15th. Tree is a vigorous upright grower, hardy ; an important addition to our late cher ies. OsTHEiM — See Minnesota Osthelm. Olivet. This appears to have been introduced bv American nurserymen f ronx France. Evidently belonging to the' Duke tribe. It Ks not yet well known. Fruit largo, oblate, borne in large clusters ; bright red ; flesh firm ; juice uucolored ; qualitv n.edium to .^ood A very attractive variety apparently as hardy Js Early Richn^ond' \i »'lg. 4._0h|.;lN0. 25- Steauss WK.cusEL._Tl,e name of this variety should be abbreviated to Strauss. Trees on the E.vperimental Farm were obtained from Mr. Gibb in 1889. Fruit medium to large, a rich dark red, roundish, flattened at both ends; stalk short set in a shal- low cavity ; flesh dark.red, Hrm, juicy and s,>ri^htlv with sli..ht astnngency ; pit small ; very good. Tree . small upright gro^^er with leaves medium to small, moderately hardy. 12 Sl'ATK AMARKLr,K. Although the name indicates late, yet it is one of the earliest vanetics m the collection, rip.ning this year .vith An.crelle Hd^ioe, which ,t resembles so closely as to render description unnecessary. Ihe tree xs a model in poi.it of vigour and hardiness. (See Fig Figr. s.—Spatr Amabelle. SciiATTEX Amarki.lk. (S/xtdoia Amardle.) Prof. Budd remarks that it is much like the last. The resemblance is certainly very close, but Schatten Amarelle (see fig 6) IS fully two weeks later in ripnning its fruit; the juice too IS colorless. Ripe this year August 5th. Tree a vigorous grower maintaining a round topped habit. This is one of the mosl promising late cherries on trial. VLAnmin.— (See Fig. ?). This variety attracted the attention of Mr. Gibb when in Russia ■more than any other. He said: - First iii importance are 13 the cherries known all over Russia under this „amo T. . . named VlnrlWr.;.. t , ••■»iti uiis name. It has been named Vlad.mir, I suppose, because in that Government its eultnr. has attained such vast proportions " Tiw , . y""»«nt its c ultuie to the members of the oXZfJ^^'^""-^'''''''''''^ vears acm Thm .1 ^ <^>-owers Association some years ago. ^ hat the tree is i)erfectlv li-..vlxr i.„ i . . demonstrafPd T i;t^"<-Xtly li.iidy Las been conclusively We land, Ont., it has been very fruitful on these grounds Fruit medium to small, born. .. clusters containing frtm two to fo 111 1^' iij. ^1 ur 14 fniitH. Skin nearly black. Flesh firm, with a sprightly acidity.' Stalk of medium length; pit round an.l rather large. Leaves obovate sometimes acuminate; irregulary toothed. Fig. 1 shows fruit a little above natural size. Canadian grown seedlings from the Vladimir are now growing in Ottawa and may shoiv a more perfect adaptation to our climatic conditions than the ori<2;inal stock. Fig. 9 — Vladimir. Weir's Cni:nuiEs. — ;\ iiiimber of seedlings produced by Mr. D. B. Weir, at Lacon, Illinois, have been on trial the past four years, but insufficient data prevents notes or descriptions being given at the present time. 16 cidity.' bovate I fruit owing imatio r. D. ears, en at Wkag «. Ml. Jolm Wraggot Waukoe, Iowa, informs me that tlH,sa,.poared Lllwanger & I arry, Roc-hester, N.Y., twenty or more years a.o ts hard.ness and productiveness attracte.l l.is attention. I't has ntw become wnle y dissen.inate.I, and is doing well in n.any s c 10,7 Twoot the three trees planted here have^.een in in.ed b, te- la a,>,,earance and season the fruit resen.bles English Morellonuit osely, npening this year the fi.-st week in August. («ee Fig Fig, s.-Wbaqo. Varietiks Kkcommkxded. With present experience the following varieties are recommended foi trial, and will probably prove valuable in those sections where 10 climatic conditions permit the cultivation of the pear : Amarelle JIdtioe, Strums, Griotte Imperiale, Olivet, Groa Gohet, The following list comprises varieties which appear to grade in hardiness with the Wealthy apple: Spate Amwell,', Fouc/ie.s' Morello, Minnesota Ostheim, lirusse- ler Brmin, Orel 25. Among those of exceptional hardiness, and which should be tested along the northern border of the apple belt are : Riga No. 18, VliuUmir, Bessarabian and Sc/iatten Amarelle. PUOI'AGATIOX. Jhullinfj — Cherries are proi)agated for commercial i)urpo8e8 al- most entirely by budding. This consists in transferring a single bu I of the desired variety to the stock or branch upon which it is to grow. The operation is usually j)erformed during the month of August when (using a nurseryman's j.hrase), " the bark slips." It is effected by slicing a well ripened bud from a twig of the growth of the same season, and inserting it under the bark of the stock, where it is securely tied. If the operation is successful all the top above the inserted bud is cut oflf the following spring. By rubbing oif and preventing the formation of other wood the whole growth of the stock is directed into this channel. In this way trees of suitable size for orchard planting are produced in two seasons. In the VYestern States where the snow fall is limited, some objections have been urged against this method of propagatioii on the ground of the iirevalence of root injury, to the more or less tender stocks. In regions of abundant snow fall, as in the Pro- vince of Quebec and Eastern Ontario, this objection does not carry the same weight. Crown Grafting. Root grafting as ordinarily practised when applied to the pro- pagation of the cherry is attended with little success. Crmcn ffrafting, which is inserting the scion in the crown or collar of the stock, at or a little below the surface of the ground, is in the experience of the writer a much more successful method. 'This may be done in winter, using stocks which have been stored for the purpose ; or early in spring upousto ks already established, and un- disturbed in the ground for ay-.. Prof. Budd claims satisfactory results when the stocks are taken up in the Autumn and grafted in A I un- in «?,ii ly I' * ii the graft room during winter. Careful comparisons have been made here for the past three years with a view to determine which plan was attended with tlie best results. The average returns show a gain of over fifty per cent, in favor of crown ffrafting, early in spring, upon stocks in the ground, which had' been plante.l the year previous. A strong growth is obtained the first year, at the end of which the graft may be taken up, and part of the old root cut away. 'Ihe yearlii.g graft may then be replanted setting it deeper than formerly, so that the scion is brought under grouu.l and offered conditions favourable to the emission of roots. The principal ob- jection to the method is that at the time— early in si)ring— when this work should be i)erformed, many other duties engage the attention of th^^ fruit grower making it difficult to accomi)lish in a limited time a large amount of this kind of grafting. The method IS one however, that can always be practised to some extent. It will prove of special service to 'amateurs for whose benefit the fol- lowing instructions are given : The stocks should be planted in nursery rows the year previous to the date of grafting. Cut well matured s-jions in autumn of the growth of the same season, keep these in a dormant con- dition over winter by packing in forest leaves, or damp sawdust. In this locality the best time for out-door grafting is usually during the first two weeks of April. Figure 9 illustrates the method of crown grafting the cherry, as usually conducted in the graft room ; (a) shows the scion cut wedge shape, (b) the stock with a slanting cleft for the reception of the scion, (c) the scion in position, firmly bound Avith waxed thread, and (d) illustrates the joint completed by a covering of grafting-wax, to exclude the air. In the case of out door work the process is essentially the same, except in the manner of tying. Instead of binding first, and waxing afterAvards, a firmer joint is made by applying the wax first, and covering this with a cotton bandage which adheres to the wax, an;l holds the scion in position. It must be remembered in the case of stocks which are in the ground, that the top is cut off at the point indicated in the figure as soon as the scion is inserted, after a little practice this is easily removed by an upward cut, which can be made without disturbing the scion. 19 • : Stocks. readily. vaneticH of chemes nuhv with it The Mahaleb cherry (Prnmn mnhr.i.i\ • vagorous growth, apparently having ,nade a perfect" ioTlh partB of he Dominion, as well as its great hardiness, s(,ould render It a popular stock for cold climates. A.ru , I'KOPAGATION BY RoOT CuTTINGS. When cherries are on their o^vn rnnfv o. i, lings. I he surface system of rnr,f« <^i. ^f tu , ''joLLiu or loots, — those nearest thp tnn usually start ■ f],« .f ^"'"^^ ^^ ttie soil. Several shoots will uualy start, the strongest should be trained up to fnm, the ^l^2:t T' '"'^""^- W^-«S-enhous;r.c H^ rows the following spring. ^ ^ '' '""^ '"' "' ""^'^^^^T M 20 Gkafting Wax. Many receipts are oflFeroil for the manufacture of graft- injr wax. A satisfactory wax for out-door use is made by melting together 5 parts resin, and 2 parts beeswax ; to this is added H to 2 parts linseed oil. For winter use in the grafting room the same amount of resin with less oil and beeswax, makes a M'ax more suitable for indoor application. A liquid grafting wax is made by melting together 1 lb. white resin and 1 oz. beef tallow; to this, when removed from the tire and partly cooled, Bounces of alcohol is added, stirring in slowly. This should be kept in closed cans to prevent the alcohol evaporat- ing. ; I gfISi! •t