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Las diagrammes suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 32X 1 2 3 ' 4 S 6 HEALTH RESORT AND AS A SITE FOR THE DOMINION SANATORIUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONSUMPTIVES 1896 iUixiARY Hmralu Print, rULOARY, Alta. w9 I : ._ •J. ;- t "■ f f^ r i '>.%iS •it :; ,„ J -yj, '» i '^^l:-^- \ i c •" i' % t > r o > < H m ffl S^ m z m • 3 s « pub the wht dise on Tor I 4 \ CALGARY, ALBERTA, ASA HOME FOR CONSUMPTIVES Its Advantages Unrivalled by any other Resort on the Continent. CALGARY EQUAL TO DENVER. Montreal Gazette, February 0, 1895: Within the past few months a movement has been inaugurated in Toronto which cannot fail to prove of the most vital interest, not only to the citizens of the Queen's City itself, but to the whole of the Dominion. Mr. W. J. Gage, a prominent Toronto publisher, has been long interested in the subject of consumption and whether it was or was not a curable disease. Last year, just before starting on a trip to Europe, he wrote the Toronto Council offering, if the city would provide a suitable site for a Home for Consumptives, he would contribute $25,000 towards the erection and maintenance of suitable buildings. A committee of Aldermen were appointed to consider and report on the matter, and while they were deliberating Mr. Gage went to Europe. While there he visited the famous Consumptive homes in Great Britain aud Germany, and retutned more fully impressed than ever that he was in the right course. The Council of the Queen City of 1885 took up the question which had been left over from 18&1, and a second com" '■■,tt ■ .-. i ■•■' -'a'A-L.:! wnm^ms'^f^w 'm'^ 2 s***^ jS-'^f "^. . if mittee, embn^lng in its nuinben Bome of the best blood in the municipal body, was struck to go fully into details and arrange for the proper carrying out of Mr. Gage's scheme. This is the history of the HOME FOB CONSUMPTIVES movement in Canada to date, but further developments of the interest- ing department may be expected. Mr. W. J. Gage, whose faith in tlie theory that consumption is j curable ' has practically established an institu- tioj^ with that view in Toronto, is at preisent in Montreal staying at the Windsor. He was interviewed yester- day by the Gazette on the subject and showed a knowledge of the subject and a depth of sympathy with the unfortunate victim of tlie dreadfvd scourge not often met with. "I am greatly interested in the •subject," said Mr. Gage, "and am glad to know that there is a prospect in the very near future of seeing a model institution erected in Toronto devoted exclusively to the care and treatment of consumptives.' " Why do you think such an institu- tion necessary." **Iti is now generally admitted by our best medical men that consumption is contagious and in its early stages curable. Therefore those afdicted with consumption should be separated As far as possible and every effort made to give them proper treatment. It is to this end that we are desirous of securing the erection of a home where patients will have every chance of rec'overr. We hope in Toronto to shortly have an in- stitution were the conditions necessary TO ACHIEVE SUCH RESULTS will exist. A southern aspect and a site perfectly sheltered from easterly and westerly winds and with all the sunlight possible are absolutely nec- essary. These conditions coupled with diet suitable to their ailment give ihe consumptive patient the best charice to become a sound man. "While here I have interviewed Mr,. D. McNicoll, general "passenger agent, of the Canadian Pacific railway, in connection with this matter. Hun- dreds of our young men leave each year for Denver to yegain health and strength there when in ourgreat North west the same climatic influences rule which make Denvei so valuable to the consumptive. Calgary, Kam- loops and other districts are equally as good as Denver to cure ,the dread disease. Therefore, it has occurred to - me that these young men might be retained in om* own country instead of going to Denver. It Would be a capital arrangement to have a home for consumptives in Calgary. Mr. McNicholl heartily APPROVED OP THE IDEA and pledged himself that the C. P. R,. would remove any diflBculty in the- transportation to patients." "How will these mstitutions be supported?" "Our province gives a certain allow- ance to patients in the General Hospital of 30 or 40 cents a day and the City of Toronto a similar amount. A Home or Hospital for Consumptives is exactly on the same basis and should receive the same degree of support." " How about the proposed Calgary institution ? " " I hope if the attention of the Government is called to the matter they will support the institution liber- ally. They spend annually a large sum to stamp out tuberculosis in cattle, and .why should theynot spend something to prevent the spread of a similar disease among citizens of the Dominion. Then each province should contribute so m\ich per patient coming from its boundaries. These two items, coupled with public subscription , sho uld make the home prosperous. Touching THE POSITION OP MEDICAL MEN in the matter, I may say that such men as Dr. Graham, Dr. Temple, Dr. Cameron and other leading Toronto medical men endorsed the idea and ad- dressed the City comicil in its favour. TThe press of Toronto is unanimous in .its favour, and one paper went so far as to state that a hospital for consump- tives was as badly needed as an isolation hospital for diphtheria, and since the new regulations have f^one into force in New York city for the inspection of consumptive cases and the disinfecting of thesurroundings the death rate has fallen from 5,000 in 1893 to 4,000 in 1894." CALGARY S ADVANTAGES. Resolution Passed by the City Board of Aldermen. grave, would he saved ff they had thet advantages of being treated in an institution specially conducted for their benefit at Calgary, and that their lives would in ill probability be pro- longed for many years by a continued residence in Alberta; — we therefore highly commend the prompt action of His Lordship Bishop Pinkbam» Mayor Orr, the medical profession, and the press, in moving in cod sort with Mr. Gage in this matter; and suggest that this Council urge upon these gentlemen a continuance of their efforts on behalf of so laudable an undertaking, asking them for sugges- tions as to the steps the Council should adopt in the premises, and pledging ourselves to assist the movement by every legitimate and proper means in our power ; and that copies of this resolution be printed and forwai*ded to interested parties. Wesley F. Obr, Mayor. J. Dr Geddes, Clerk« The following resolution was passed by the Calgary City Council, February aBth,1895: Moved by Aid. Ramsay, seconded by Aid. Underwood, and resolved: That in view of the action taken by W. J. Gage, Esq., of Toronto, and ottier gentlemen now intetesting themselves in the establishment 'at Calgaiy of an Hospital for the treat ment of Consumptives, and being convinced by the knowledge of the fact that very many consumptives bave been restored to health without special treatment through coming to Cfdgary to reside; that the air, the water, sunshine, and general condi- tions of Calgary are eqi. 1, if not superior to those at Denv or any other place in America for ovnefltting people troubled with weak lungs or asthma ; and believing that the lives of many.otherwise doomed to an early FROM THEIR EXCELLENCIES A Letter fro.:^ the Earl and Cooutets of Aberdeen To His Worship the Mayor of Calgary. • Dear Mr. Mayor: The Governor^ General desires me to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of the 18th, and to say that he heartily appreciates the courteous terms of this communication, and recognizes' the great interest and advantage of the scheme tc% which it refers, which is further set forth in the jesoiiitlon •dated Feb. 2&r of which you enclose a . ' , •> ( . #- m ^M.' y ' w B'" «opy. HIi Excellenf^ will take an 4ippcaeUm\ty of forwarding a copy of yoiir letter and alao of the resolution to the Dominion Govt., in case this turn not already been done, as it may be of interest to them to know of the project. With the assurance of hearty Jifood wishes from l)oth their Bxcellencies, I remain, Yours faithfully, W. T. S. Hbwbtt, Private Secretary. Oovemment Houtie, Ottawa,! March 26th, 1805. / MEDICAL MEN REPORT. ir-J^i t.otter from Calvary, Banff and High River Practitioners. At the hist annual meeting of the Provincial Boaiil of Health of Ontario, held in February of this year. Dr. Bryce, Sec. of the Board, reporjfced as follows: "That consumption and tubercutosis in its various forms, had Attained such proportions in Canada that the time has arrived when a home or sanitarium for its treatment and cure is urgently demanded, and that euch provision could only be realized by Government action, that it might be partially maintained by agricul- tural and other industries carried on by the patients in connection with it, and also by patients of the better class who were able to pay, and furtherthat proposals had been made to entablish a Hospital for Con- laumpMves at Toronto, but how- ever valuable such an institution might be, it fannot fulfill the conditions which most recommend thMHselve* to your Oonimittee, as it is well known the lakeside cities, towns, and counties have a larger deatli rote from consumption than the inland, and more elevated places and it is apparent that the situation of such a Home must be chosen with a view to the very liest location from a climatic and geological standpoint." The report was adopted with instructionB to have it forwai-ded to the proper authorities foi consideration. The matter is now being actively agitated and gentlemen able and willing to assist the scheme by liberal financial aid are interesting them- selves in procuring information to enable them to make a selection of a suitable site for the location of such a Home. We lielieve we possess in Central Alberta and in the immediate vicinity of Calgary, a lai'ger proportion of the favourable conditions demanded for the suitable location of such a Home, than any other place in the Dominion. Calgary is a beautifully situated city of between three and four thousand inhaliitants, located within sight of the foothills and the glorious Rockies, which line the horizon to the south and west as far as the eye can reach, with their snow white crests and glistening summits, ever present- ing one of the most glorious and magnificent views on this continent. It occupies a saucer-like basin between two great mountain streams: the Bow and Elbow, conveying great volumes of pure, cold water, which even in the hottest day in summer is refreshingly cold and whose currents flow with such rapidity the year round, as to prevent the polution of their waters, by the deposit of mateilal Injurious to health in thoir channels or beds. These rivers con- verge and join at the eastern limit of the city in one stream, which flown eastward to join the great Sas- katchewan. It Is surrounded on every side, with the exception of a few small gaps» by r^m^'^'m 5 '\ an elevation or bench, several hundied feet high, which adrain^bly protects it. The soil in the city limits is mostly a sandy loam with a gravelly sub-soil. at some points the gravel is on the surface. The city is lighted by electric light and derives its water supply, which is everything that could be desired, from the Bow River by a system of waterworks. There is a good sjrstom of sewerage in operation in the city, the plans being furnished by a highly qualified and experienced Engineer, residing in Toronto. We have an ujilimited supply of most beautiful and suitable sandstone for building purposes, within a mile of the city, the bencli surrounding the city being practically one continuous bed of it, of which all the public build- ings and principal business houses, as well as many of the private residences are built, presenting a very solid and substantial appearance. • The various lines of business are well represented, so that people com- ing here in search of health, or homes, need not wan^ for either the necessar- ies or luxuries of life, if they are able to purchase them. You frequently hear new oomers remark, you can shop as well here as in most of the eastern cities. It is well supplied with churches; the various Protestant as well as the lioman Catholic denomination being represented, and it possesses a free system of schools, t)oth public and high, where rupils can be prepai-ed tor entering the university. It ha'' two substantial and well equipped hospitals, a Protesbmt and a Konian Catholic, and a very fine Opera House furnished with all the appll- Mwes reipilred by the modern stage, and lieing on the main lino of railway we have the fre(|uent opportunity of hearing many of the best travelling troups on their continental toun av well as lectures and entertainments of various kinds, from distinguished persons and companies passing en rqute. The residents of Calgary and vicin- ity are of a superior class, many of them being highly cultured, Intel' lectual people, and parties coming hero to find health, can also find' homes and enjoy all the advantages of good society. It is the most important point in the North West Territories, being on the main line of the Canadian Pacifia Railway, and its proximity to the mountains precludes the possibility of any rival springing up. There is a branch line running north two hundred miles to Edmonton, a pros- perous agricultural district, and » branch runnmg south one hundred' miles to McLeod, passing through the ranching* district, where thousanda upon thousands of cattle and horses' are running free on the prairie winter and summer. .^ The city is suppilied^with abundance of cheap coal for fufel from several mines In operation In thet near vicinity. , The Calgary District i^ essentially adapted for stoclCralslng, and is acknowledged to be one of the finest countries for dairying In the world, and there Is practically an unlimited field for this enterprise, and capital and experience are fast taking advantage of the opportunity presented in this Industry. The rich and succulent ijrasses of Allierta produce the finest butter and ))eef in the world. The grass cures itself, and fat stock can be found on the rangea all winter. This Industry of stock raising and dairying offers good returns to those who engage in it^ properly and look after It. The soil surrounding Calgary is very fertile, and only requires a system of irrigation to sifpply the requtsitct- SJ'V'J' S?almy twilights are a very important . charactei'istlc of our climate when viewed In connection with the require- ments of conHumptiveB, that they should have the privileges of enjoyinic as much of the open alt as possible. The scientific estimate of the amount of sunshine we enjoy is very high l)eing 00 per cent. ■. I '*3! 8 Aseptic character of the atmosphere — The atmosphere is powerfully aseptic which exerts a most un- favourable influence on the growth of micro-organisms, putrefactive changes take place slowly and many authen- ticated cases are known where meats and skins have cured themselves in the open air. This influence of the atmosphere is of great importance in ▼iew of the fact that consumption is due to a mici*o-organism, and our atmosphere is bound to exert a powerful beneficial influence on the comrse of the disease. Character of our winter— The winteis are very short, lasting about two or three mouths. The snow fall is very light, remaining but a short period on the ground at a time, and sleighing can rarely be indulged in, on account ot its lightness and dryness. We usually have during the months of January and February and occosion- allv in March a number of cold stormy % 8. G. Van Wabt, Sec. Oaloart BOABD OF Tbade: Sm: ^r. Brown, of Neuatadt, Orey Co.« Out., a graduate of Berlin, Oer., advised me to come to Calgary for the lienefit of my lungs, telling me I could not live long if I remained in Ontario. TjUa was over ten years ago, and not only am I alive but I weigh heavier today than ever before in my life. Maby Flemming Jacques. Calgary, April 18th, 1805. I. 8. G. Vanwaut, Secretary op THE Calgary Board of Trade : Dear Sir : In reply to your enquiry as to whether I have been lienefltted tni health since I came to Calgary I am pleased to state that I have been greatly so. When I left Chatham, Ont, on the 1st June, 1303, and came to Calgary I was in a very weak con- dition from hemraorhage of the limgs, and I understand that the doctor (W. B. Hall, M. D., Chatham) had very little hopes that a change of climate would do me any" good but advised me to try Calgary j and the result has boen wonderful, as I am now jnjoying "xetf good health and feel almost as •Irong as I ever did. I strongly re- Oomiuend any one suffering from lung troubles to try C/algary. W. C. MiLNER. Calgary, April 10th, 1805. W. F. Ore, Esq., Mayor of Calgary: 8ib: Since 1881 whilst residing in Ontario I suffered acutely from a very severe atrection of the chest and lungs and for yeai's I received advice fronj the *»"st medical men there without beiUiS any nearer recovery, when in the fall of 1891 1 was strongly advised by Dr. Hewitt, of Ouelph, Ont., to go to the North West as the only means of recovering my former good health. I accordingly came to Calgary, Alta., and soon found relief. I consider the air of Calgary and district to be particularly healthy and can truthfully say for any person suffering from affections of the lungs and chest that the district cannot be too strongly recommended. I feel confident that relief, if not a cure, would be tound here by anyone afflict- ed in a like manner to myself. I am happy and pleased to testify that since my arrival here my health /has been improving and I am rapidly approaching tnt.« resulting in hemmorhage of the lungs, and in consequence of which my physician, Dr, Wright, of Picton, Ont.» advised me to try either the North West Territories or Denver, Col. After considerable discussion I decided to cast my lot with Denver, to which place I removed in March, 1835. On arriving there I experienced some inconvenience in my breathing owing to the altitude— 5200 fnet — and for some months alter I did not receive* the benefit I had hoped for. I became considerably discouraged owing to another slight attrack of hemmorhage. I remained there, however, for two years and was greatly benefitted; enough so that I foolishly returned to Ontario, hoping that I might be able to remain there. But, on the other hand, what benefitted me acted the very reverse with my wife. She found she could not remain owing to dltaAr ness, caused by the great altitude, so said the late Di. Evans, with whom she advised, and was compelled to raturn to ^^^kid^ -•^fmmm ji^ Jisu. 14 Ontaifo several months before my return. After I returned to Ontado In 1887 I found I was gradually di'ifting back to my old standard of health, and again consulted my physician, and also D. D. M. Fraser, of Stratford, Ontario, as to my best course fo pursue. Dr. Fraser was ]* doubtful if the North West Territories would be as beneficial as Denver, but I decided to act on the advice of my first adviser, Dr. "Wright, and come to CrfgAry hoping the medium in elevation might be foimd that would l%ree with Mrs. Burley as well as myself (Calgary being 3,200 feet as compared with Denver 5,200 feet). I 'have now been here since November . 1891, and to my great surprise Calgary has agp:>eed with me even better than Denver. I have not been sick one day in consequence of lung trouble, and have had no symptoms of my old trouble since coming here. My wife is much better than in Colorado and has had no return of the complaint she was affected with there. We are so much pleased with the results that we hav6 decided to make Calgary our permanent home. Yours very truly, E. W. Burley. Calgary, May 3, 1895. I. S. G. Van Wart, Secretary THE Board of Trade : OF Dear Sir : In reference to your en- quhles about effect of the climate of Oalgary on my wife's health I would Bay when living in Ontario five years ago Dr. Shaw, of Oriilia told me that my wife was suffering from lung trouble and that in his opinion she could noo live six months. I then went to Dr, McLean, of the same place; he told' me that it was necessary for me to go and take her to some high and dry climate. I chose GaK gary in preference to Denver, Col. She had hemmorhage four times before she came here and once immediately after we arrivedj but never since, and today she is better than she had been for three years before we came here. James Winn. Calgary,. May 2, 1895. I. S. G. Van Wart, Secretary Board OP Trade, Calgary : Dear Sir : Previous to my coming to Calgary eight months ago I had' been living at Sault St. Marie, Mich., for six years. Four years ago I had an attack of la grippe which left me in a very weak condition, my lungs particularly being affected. I ke|.t' getting weaker until I could scarcely walk. Having heard of the healthful climate of Calgary I decided to try a change, as the only apparent hope for life. Immediately after arriving here I began to feel better and was soon able to go to work. I have not lost a , day since the first of October last, and- my cough has disappeared. I weigh twenty pounds more than when L arrived here. I feel that by coming to Calgary I have taken a new lease of life, I have purchased a home in the- cityand intend to remain here. Yours faithfully, Thos. Martin,. Calgary, May 10th, 1805. 15 "W. F. Obb, Esq., Mayor: I was bom and brought up in the County of Rimouski, Province of Que- bec. I am now forty-three years of age. Six years ago I had a violent hemorrhage from the lungs followed by a constant cough and loss of flesh, and ray physician advised me that I was going into consumption and thiit I had better try the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains about Calgary, and that if I remained in Quebec I would • die. I came West five years ago. I 8u£Fered from my cough for alx)ut a year after I came but had no more hemorrhage. I increased in weight, have worked very hard for the past four years, and today feel that I am a strong, vigorous man in goad weight, suffer from no cough and enjoy first rate health. D. McEwiNO.. Calgary, May 21, 1895. ■' ^^^y.T^^vf^^^-^^alB !r'«fj|T'7"f^rJ^ r-' .16 m- f?f NO TllBEliCUiiQSiS Letters on This Point From it Doctor and Two Veterinary Surgeons. W. F. Orb, Esqvibb, Mayor: Mr. the Mayor: In compliance with your request I am pleased to say tliat, since I am in Calgary, I never heard of a case of tuberculosis among cattle or the bovine race, aud I may add that I anfi positflvely certain that there is none, and that there never was any since eight years of my sojourn in the District of Alberta. It is the same thing amongst horses; a remarkable fact is, that there is no heaves or asthma in the last mentioned class of animals. Now, by having no tuberculosis in our cattle, the human race is a great deal less exposed to contammation. We all know that this disease is easily transmitted by the cow's milk, even by eating the meat, and by attending to these animals. Then the people of Alberta are not subject to this disease. I remain, Mr. the Mayor, Respectfully yours, E. H. Rouleau, M. D. Calgary, June 1, 1885. W. F. Orb, Esq., Mayor : Dear Sir : In reply to your enquiry as to the prevalence or existence of tuberculosis in cattle m the N. W. Territories I beg to state that so far as my experience and investigation extends I maiy state that I have been a resident rancher since '84 and have been during this period professionally engaged amongst the herds of this district and so far have never met with or heard of a single case of this disease. I am, sir. Yours obediently, A, E. Bannister, M. R.C. y. S., London. Calgary, June 27, 1895. W. F. Orr, Mayor of the City gb' Calgary : In accordance with your request as to the prevalence of tuberculosis amongst the domestic animals of this district I would state that in the prac- tice of mv profession for over fourteen years in different parts of this dis- trict I have never seen or heard of an authentic case of "tuberculosis." In addition I may state what is common- ly known in this country, that horses brought from Ontario suffering from asthma or heaves are invariably per- manently relieved of all distressing symptoms. R. RiDDELL, V. S. District Veterinarian under the Animals Contagious Disease Act. Calgary, May 29, '95. if m AN ENGINEER'S REPORT. I A Report from J. S. Dennis, D. L. S., Chief Inspector of Surveys The following is a report by J. S. Dennis, Esq., D. L. S., M. A., S. I^E.; etc., etc. W. F. Obr, Mayor of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.: Sib : I answer to your requ^t, and in compliance with instructions to that effect received from the Deputy Minister of the Interior, I have the honour to submit for your informa- tion the following report upon the «ite occupied by the City of Calgary from the sta.ndpoint of the physical conditions affecting such site, and as shown by topographical and hydro- graphical surveys of the district at present being performed by the Dominion Government, under my charge. This report is, I understand, requir- ed for use in demonstrating the suitability of the city for the erection of a consumptives home or sanatorium, and will probably, therefore, be found advantageous to discuss thi- questions affecting such site, under the different headings of "Situation and Topo- graphy .of the Immediate District," "Water Supply "and "Facilities for Drainage." SITUATION AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE IMMEDIATE DISTRICT. The City of Calgary occupies a por- tion of an extensive and level bottom forming part of the Bow River valley at the point where the latter is joined by the Elbow River from the west. This bottom is situated at an elevation of 3,401 feet above the sea., and within the city limits has a gradual fall east, to the Elbow River, and north to the Bow River, affording excellent facili- ties for draining in either of these ■directions intothe streams in quostion. The soil of the bottom is largely grav- el, covered in i . >st places with a s&allow depth of sandy loam, the sub- soil being coarse gravel. The botton or flat occupied by the city is surroimd- ed on all sides by the hills forming the slopes of the valleys of the streams above mentioned, these hills rising to an elevation above the bottom of from 130 to 160 feet. Thrrtbgh the greater portion of their length, the slopes of the hills are easy, but in places tij^y are broken by precipitous or "cut'* banks, and at many points they afford well sheltered sites, in their broken contour, from the prevailing north and north-west w^inds, with the accom- panying unpleasant recurring dust storms during the summer months. The bench land extending easterly from the city is a high level plateau; to the south and south west the country is high and rolling, many of the higher hills in the immediate vicinity reaching an elevation of several hundred feet above the surrounding plateau. To the north, the bench land extends for a short distance in a high level plain, when the southerly slope of a high range of hills, known as "Nose Hill," extending north and north west, is encountered. This hill reaches an elevation of 4,000 feet above the sea, or 600 feet above Calgary. The whole country in the vicinity of the city is devoid of trees or bush, with the exception of a narrow fringe of trees bordering the banks of the streams, and on the islands in the Bow River. The pro- bability is, however, that the con- struction of the irrigation ditches mentioned below will be followed by the growth of trees along these ditches and throughout the city where water is supplied. WATER supply. Both the Bow and the Elbow Rivers afford excellent water for domestic purposes, being fed from the melting mrn^i^ 18 snows and ^iaciers of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, and having the characteristic clear and cool water of streams of that nature. It is probable that before long the greater portion of the mean summer flow in the latter stream will be diverted to provide irrigation in the adjacent country, and it is therefore necessary that tlie city should look to the Bow River for its present and future water supply. Fortunately this stream is of such size and has such a rapid flow that it may be relied upon to furnish a bountiful supply for all time. The Bow river, in that portion of its length in the vicuiity of Calgary, has an average fall of some 10.6 feet in a mile and a mean velocity, during low- water, of about 3.57 feet per second. The low water discharge of the stream in not less than 2500 cubic feet per second, and at high water (which stage covers a considerable period of its flow) this discharge is increased to some 12,000 cubic feet per second, with a fui'ther increase up to 25,000 cul)ic feet per second during the time of the flood or freshet discharge. The topographical featmos of the country to the west and in the im- mediate vicinity of the Bow River, are such as to preclude the possibility of easy diversion of its waters in an extensive manner for irrigation pnr- poses, or the dense settlement of the drai'iage area tributary thereto, and it is therefore reasonnl)ly certain that this source will for all time provide the city with a bountiful and pure water supplj'. DRAINAGE FACILITIES. As has already been stated, the site occupied by the city has a gradual fall to the cast and west till the Bow and Elbow River.s arc reached, the elevation of Stephen Aveniu* in the central portion of the city being 25.0 toii'X above the high water level In the Bow River at the Langevin Bridgt!> and SO. 4 feet above the same stage of water in the Elbow River at the Railway Bridge.- This fall is ample to secure good drainage into either of these streams, and tlie fall, velocity and discharge of the Bow River as given above, is sufficie.it to provide that any sewage emptied into tiiat stream will be rapidly carried away from the vicinity of the city. The porosity of the soil of tlie site upon which the liity is built, probably permits of an undesirable percolation of surface impurities, and of seepage from closets or cesspits, but this feature would of course be corrected by a thorough sewerage system, and this porosity will permit of ground water being kept well below the surface. GENERAL REMARKS In its general features the site of Calgary may bo compared with that occupied by the City of Denver, Col., they are both situated at a high alti- tude above the sea in an open country, to the e( st of, but witl)ln a compara- tively short distance of the Rocky Mountains, and in their clinjatlc cf)jj- ditions siifflciently alike to justify comparison. Calgary, however, occu- pies a much more sheltered position than Denver, possesses a more boimti ful water supply, and has better facilities for safe disposal of sewage, the Bow River being a liirger and nuich more important stream than the Platte River, which provides Denver with a largo portion of Its water supply and also receives and removes its sewngo. 1 am, sii-, Yoiu" obedie'nt servant, J. S. Dknnih, D.L.S., M.A.S.I.E., C'hiof Insp. Surveys. Calgary, May 27th, 1895. lip I I I li ^^Mmm^ I 19 P METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. • IP'' fit P By Thos. O'Brien, Esq., of the Observ* ation Department at Calgary. 1. S. G. VAN WART, KSQ., SECRETARY, BOARD OF TRADE, CALGARY. Dear Sir, — Re Dominion Sanator- ium. As 1 have been acting as Meter- ologieal Observer here for the .Do- minion Government for the past four years, I will endeavour to give you Bonie information as to the climate of Calgary. In the first place permit me to say that Calgary is not regarded by the o cers of the Meterological Service as a "Wind Station." Three years ago an Inspector of the service had the anemometer then m use in Calgary re- moved to Edmonton, as he claimed Calgary was too much sheltered to be regarded as a "Wind Station." I would remark liere that Calgary, I believe, is not regarded as a "Wind Station," for the reason that, when- ever Calgary is visited by a fvesh breeze, it conies in fitful gusts, and in nearly all cases from the west and nortliwest. From this fact aione you "will note that it is possible to select a site for a Dominion Sanatorium that will be protected from the west and northwest, the two points from which, f^encrally speaking, any rough weather we get visits Calgra-y. Again, tlie temperature of Calgary during the Hununer and winter months is, in my opinion, favourable to such an institu- tion being (•stjil)liHlu'd here, for the reason that in the sunnner months the heat is not oppressive, nor yet is the cold severe during the winter season. True we have cold spells, but I may «iy that they a' j of such a short duration as to be scarcely noticeable oven by an invalid. In support of this cnmtention I might add that during the four years I have had charge of the Meterological OtHce here, I have taken ad\ antage of every oi^portanftj^ that presented itself to me in order to ascertain from persons who happen- ed to be suffering from consumption what effect our climate had upon their disease, and from the information- I have received I have no hesitation whatever in saying that it will be-' hard to find a clinmte in the Dominion to compete with Calgary as a healjEb resort for those suffering from con- sumption. Another important point why Calgary should be selected for the proposed Sanatorium is the equi- bility of the temperature at Calgary throughout the different seasons of the year. It certainly cannot be- denied that occasionally we have a sudden rise in temperature caused by the Chinook winds, but I venture the assertion that this is in no way an objectionable feature. I would furtlier make the statement that throughout the past four years the weather in and about ( Igary both in summer and winter has been such as to permit a consumptive patient (not bed-fastX to«^ be out either driving or walking with the exception of about two weeks in in each year when it might either be snowing or raining. I would further add that Calgary • has as much, if not more, sunshine that any other part of the Dominion* I make this statement from reading the "Monthly Weather Review," which is published by the Dominion Government, and which is an authority that cannot be contradicted. I have been informed that a report is cutrent, to the effect that Calgary is not a suitable place for the proposed Sanatorium by retison of the prevaltdce of fog. In answer to this I l)eg to say that such is not the civse. I cannot recall anything duiing the last four years to bear up such a statement*, and only recollect four or five time» during the jieriod alM>vo mentioned, when I had occasion to report a fog covering C'algary. and then it* 20 duration was not more than a couple of hours op each occasion, In conclusion I might add that I cannot give here any reason why the proposed Dominion Sanatorium should not be established in Calgary. I do not know, from my experience here, anything against the climate that would stand in the way, excepting the dust storms which occasionally visit Calgary. To coimteract this, the Sanatorium could be placed on a suitable site where it would be protected from the west and north west winds. Therefore I would strongly recommend that should Calgary be finally decided upon, this matter, the selection of a site, receive every consideration, as I believe if a site be selected, protected in the manner above stated, this objection- able feature would be overcome, by reason of the building being placed in one of the many amphitheatre ** situations which exist, with a southern outlook, in the high range of bench land on the north and west of Calgary. Should you require any further information kindly let mo know and I shall be pleased to givo you same upon hearing from you. Believe me, yours faithfully, Thos. O'Bbibn; Calgary, May 27, 1895. P. S.— I will give you herewith the mean temperature for the months of October, November and December 1893; and for January, June, July and August 1894; also for January, February and March 1895: above 1893: zero. October., .mean temperature.... 38.00 November." ....20.31 December. " " " " .... 19.0(1 1891: January, . mean ten) >erature. ... 10.0() Jime...... " " " •' .... 58.35 July " " " " .... 65.30 August.... " " " •• .... 04.00 1^: January, mean temperature .... 4.00 February. •♦ " " " .... 10 00 21 DR. GEORGE MACDONALD'S Views upon . Calgary's Advanti^es from a Medical Standpoint Thei-e has of late been considerable discussion as to the advisability of establishing a Cana'lian home for con- Bumptives and also as to Mhat part of «ur Dominion would present advan- tages equal to or even excelling those of the older and better known resorts. That Canadians have in South Alberta (especially in the. Calgary dis- trict) a climate offering in a high de- |;;ree all the natural advantages neces- sary for the establishrhent of puch a home it will be my endeavour to prove in the course of this letter. To l>egin with, let us enquire what in climate is most desirable in the selec- tion of a health resort for consump- tives; and then let us see in how far South Alberta meets these desiderata, and whether it will justify us in claim- ing, as we do, the posHession of the natural qualifications necessary for the fouuduig ot a home equal to, or super- ior to those of better known retreats. The consensus of opinion among climatologists is that the spot selected for phthisical patients should hold out the following inducements, namely:— 1. A dry aseptic atmosphere, 2. A dry soil. 2i. A maximum amount of sunshine. 4. A certain amount of flevation. Equality of temperature within cer- tain limits is not considertnl necessary. Now, these being the great climatic advantages to be looked for I maintain and hope to prove that these can be had in our own Dominion, in Canada's AU>orta. No pei-son who knows Alberta will deny that we al)out thw ( -algary dis- trict enjoy all these advantages as call- ed for to a greater degree than ha^ yet Iwen credited to the (rlinuite of any othov resort fur invalids, and fur the lieuefit of those who do not know Alberta let me here give a short sketchy account of the seasons as ex- perienced by us of Calgaiy. The winters of this district though quite eold at times, are often finer and more enjo5'al)le than one would care to describe. Actual winter usually ap- pears about the first of January, (occa- sionally some weeks later) with bright keen days, the thermometer reaching" zero or even below, but this does not last long, for soon comes up from the west Alberta's warm friend thechinook wind and in a few hours the tempera-, ture is at 40 or 00 degrees above zero and continues so for days. "A clear cool air, a dry bracing at- mosphere, with unclouded . sunshine and blue skies." The only real cold weather we ex- perience is that of Janu.ary and Febru- ary, and then it is only for a few days' at a time that the thermometer re- mains low, when the balmy chinook greets and warms us. Snows are very light, and under the- warm westwinddisappearas by mag^c. The snow too is dry and lignt and does not cling to the clothes, thus permit- ting invalids to go outin the snow with impunity. Though situated (Calgary)- at 51 degrees north latitude the climate is so modified and tempered by th& chinook and the local depression in elevation from that in the mountains, that as reported in N. Y. Sun, 1891,, meteorologists claim it equal to 13 de- grees of latitude gained to this depress- ed belt about the Rockies and under the influence of the chinook. I will not enter into any detailed statement as to the origin of the chin- ook, but refer you to a scientific re- port of it as published by Dr. Dawson, and content myself in short by stating that it is a westerly dry wind, devoid of moisture, and so tempers our win- ters that they are usually more like fall days than winter as generally un- derstood. It renders the season such 22 that stock may run at large on the ranges the winter through. The mean Average temperiitures for the months of January, Febiuary and March are respectively 6.3', 11.8° and 14,9°. Spring is generally early, and in it we have 43old snaps of a few days and an occa- sional light snowstorm. It practically begins about the first of March, when the snow has then gone or is going, and as a rule is mild and agreeable. April and May days are warm, with plenty of sun^ine but cool nights. In May and June the days become warm «r and more enjoyable. Mean tempera- ture for April 37.5°, May 48.8^ and June 65°. The summer is long and agreeable, Ibeginning about the latter part of May or early in June and lasting until October, frequently running in^-o the middle of November, for autumn weather is like that of summer, the only exception being that the Septem- ber nights are usually frosty and that -at about the time of the equinox we .generally have a snowstorm, which, however, is immediately evaporated. The days are warm, occasionally ap- proaching hot, but the heat is not felt much on account of the cool breeze ^blowing. One great boon is that though we may be warm at mid-day or experience thn discomforts of sum- mer winds, we invariably have cool nights. Even at the hottest one does not experience the exhaustion or fatigue from the heat such as is felt in more humid countries. The heat is at its b'ghest about the middle of August ;! , September 50.0 <=> . Autumn, from end of September to middle of November, is practically summerlike during the •day time. September to December is unexcelled anywhere, with itM cle«ir 'days and bright sunshine, clear sttir- light nights and cloudlesa skies. Mean temperature for October 40.5©, November 24.7 o and December 14.7 o. This description as given specially relates to Calgary and the statistics as quoted are from the Dominion meteorological reports, comprising the mean of four years. How easily does this Calgary district f ulfli;all the climatic requirements we called for. The pure, dry atmosphere insured by the character of the country: "A great, grassy, undulating, treeless plain, elevated 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea level, and distant several hundred miles from any considerable body of water." That the climate is pre-eminently a, dry one is evidenced Iroiii the fact that the average percentage of humid- ity registered for the three winter months is from 55 to 75, and for the other nine 30 to 55, indicating a very dry atmosphere. The annual rainfall is only about 10 inches, and that nearly all in the month of June. This free- dom from dampness is a very neces- sary factor, as it is well proved that dampness provokes consumption. Dr. D. H, Cullimoro, of London, England, who has studied nearly all the known health resorts for consump- tives says, regarding dampness: "The evils that can fairly be laid at the door of excessive moisture, in the causation, primary and ultimate development of consumption are so great that they can, in my opinion, hardly be exagger- ated, for there is scarcely a placo, whether on the high hills, in the low- land valleys, by, or on the ocean wave, in the arctic, torrid or temperate zone, that moisture does not play an im- portant and desk-uctivp role." The oxcecdinf^y great amount of sunshine here enjoyed is well set forth in the following extract from a paper by Dr. Kennedy of Macleod. "The Climate of Southern Alberta,*' read ab the meeting of the Canadian Medical Association at Banff, in August, 1889» fr fl' iv a^ 5' t^ 23 I from a personal record during a period five years. "The number of days ■ivhich are recorded as overcast, raining and storming, is respectively 51, 49, 56, 53 and 44, being an average of i\ frac- tion over 50, all the rest being noted as fine. Over 50 per cent, of these (50) are simply overcast, so it is fairly pre- sumable that in the large majority confinev t to "ihe house would be unnecc-.fe.ay." Further we have throughout the district an altitude of from 2000 to 4(X)0 feet above the sea level, ; icient to cause lung and chest development by the increased rtsspiration which becomes necessary, without the danger of, at the tame time, producing too great dilation of thejiir cells, as is so fre(£uently seen In the liighcr altitudes* In Calgary, a young city situated under the shadow of the Rockies, at an elevation of lil^SO feet, in 114 degrees west longtitude, and 51 north latitude, we find all these desirable advantages as enunierated. Dryness without rain for 10 months, accompanied by sunshine; dry chinook winds in winter, rendering that season very l)earable and enjoyable; light rains between May and July, and in summer cool nights that promote refreshing sleep. The dryness of the atmosphei-e enables one to withstand changes of tempera- tm-e that in more humid regions would be deti'imental or dangeious. The climate is both a tonic and a stim- ulant. Here then is a climate which enable., the delicate invalid to enjoy the largest atnount of pure air with the ;greatest amount of ease and comfort to body and mind. Dr. (hillimore, whom I havt^ already .quoted says: "The climate wiiich, 4iuder the circumstances, jK'iinits the freest ventilation and the greatest amount of outdoor exercise is for eiu-h individual the best." Where to find a site offering tins to .a greater degree thjvn (^algmy 1 know not. That our climate is especially efficacious in the arrest and cure of pulmonary disease has been noted time and again by the physicians of Calgary, and I am sure any of thej medi'^al profession here will be most pleased to quote histories of cases that have derived benefit, and to grant all information in their power to any inquirers. In advocating the great inuaence for good derived by consumptives frnni residence iu a climate such iis this, I do not mean to say that it is beneficial in all the stages of this disease. In the earlier stages of the malady undoubted benefit is derived and many cures effected, but for the delicate invalid in the last stages it is almost criminal to recommend in fact any change from the home comforts and surroundings. Hear what the London Lancet, (England) says regarding such: "May \ take this opportunity of expressing my sense of the utter fallacy, nay, wickedness of those who send consumptives to Davos, or any other health resort, in tlie final stage of the malady." In addition to that of climate (Jalgary offers advantages for sufferers from lung troubles. It is easy of access, situated on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and invalids anywhere between the Atlantic and Pacific seeking our in- vigorating air have but to step aV)oard a well ecpiipped parlour (sleeping), or tourist car and with dining car in attendance proceed without change to ('aigary, provided throughout the journey with all the comforts and attentions which the (Canadian Pacific Railway furnish for their travelling pations, so thnt the trip even to the invalid is one ol ase and pleasure and far from wearisome. Th nearnoKs of Banff, the centre of (■anada's National Park, only 00 miloB 2i west, its medicinal hot springs and attractive surroundings, with hotel accommodation eqtial to the best, offers inducements unexcelled to those who wish for i-ecreation and change of scene from time to time. Calgary still 'adds further advantages in its cheerful social surroundings, its varied resources of exercise and outdoor sports, as shooting, fishing, etc. for those who are strong enough to enjoy them, and soon we hope to be able to offer what will be the greatest boon and advantage, next to climate, a thoroughly well equipped, well regulated and comfortable institute for invalids, a veritable home. In conclusion I will but add the following extract by Mr. W. Reid, of Glasgow, who has personally visited a great number of the consumptive health resorts of Europe and America. "Alberta possesses what is rarely to be found, a very healthy climate and an extraordinary fertile soil combined. Bnt as regards recuperative powers the author would in particular specially reconnueud the aji- of the City of Calgary for incipient con- simiption and asthma. He has resided! in Denver and carefully noted it» healing properties to invalids suffering from these diseases, and from various chest and lung complaints but he ventxircs to believe that 'or similar diseases Calgary is more adapted than Denver. It possesses first the same location, qualities, and contiguity to the Rocky Mountaius, dry and bracing atmospliere and absence from frequent and cold rains; an elevation very similar 3,4CK) feet above sea level; second also that which Denver does not possess, the healing, dry and lialmy winds in winter, blowing upon Calgary fi'om the Pacific Coast; and third Calgary's nearness to the Pacific Coast, with its mild su.iiner, distant 640 miles as against Denver's 1,'S^)0. In the treatment of the numerous cases of consumption the medical profession of Calgary have been surprised at the- rapid cures effected, 'where of couise the disease was not too far gone, as to be inciu'able." Yours truly, George Macdoxald, M,D* Calgary, Alberta, April 20, 1801. ^ 25 ed t» ag us he ar an ne to ng nt ry el; )es nd on nd fie ,nt In 3es on he ise ne MR. GAGE INTERVIEWED. The Following Appeared in the Montreal Star March ii, 1895. Montreal Star, March 11: Mr. W. J. Gage, of Toronto, one of the best known publishers in the Dominion, has been spending a few days in the cit5'. Mr. Gage has a project vei^ near his heart,, which he hopes to carry into active operation at an early date, namely, the erection of a home for the cure of consumptives at a point along the C. P. R., somewhere in the neighbourhood of Calgary. When interviewed yesterday, Mr. Gage gave a very interesting description of the proposed home and its benefits. "Owing to the fact now being clearly established," he said, "that consumption is contagious, the necessity for speci;^ hospitals is well understood, anv' wi . the authority of the best physici ns that fully 50 per cent of the cases that now terminate fatally might be saved if proper pre- ventative and restorative means were used, we have every encouragement to take vigouious means looking towards the diminishing of the death rate of this dread disease. Special hospitals are now being estal)lished in Buffalo, in New York, Denver and other places of the United States. The proposal to erect a hospital in Ontario has been most fjivourably received. Tlxe Piovincial Board of Health at its recent meeting in January passed a strong resolution urging upon the Government the establishment of an institution of this kind in different parts of the province, and at the last annual meeting of the Board of Trade of the city of Toronto, the subject was tAken up and an urgent appeal made for the carrying into effect the erection of a hospital in that city. The leading physicians of Toronto, such men as Dr. (Cameron, Dr. Temple and Dr. Graham, have- waited upon the Council pressing upon them the necessity and the- BENEFITS OP A HOSPITAL OP THIS KIND "What do you now propose to do?" ' "If the C. P. R. \?ill grant free transportation for a limited number of poor patients, say 100 per year, that is, . for those who are not able to pay any part of their railway fare, I would propose that the money now offered for a home in Toronto, which is $25,000, and more can be secured if- needed, be utilized in the erection of a home at say Calgary, or such other l>oint as may be determined upon. It is a first condition that, in order to secure the successful working of the home, free transportatien be allowed, so that at first we would have the guarantee of a reasonable number of patients and in this way we . would be enabled to make a record for- an establishment of this kind. For those who could afford to pay, a re- duced rate might bo arranged. And? further, all material required for the building and ev^uipping of the hosp'^'al might be carried free, and afterwf 'jb such supplies as may be I'equired could be transported at a reduced rate." "How do you propose that the hos- pital would be conducted and mam- tained ?" "When erected, the hospital wouldS be under the contiol and management of a board of trustees, duly elected for the piu'pose. The source of revenue would, in the first place, be derived from those who could pay in whole or in part for tl'eir maintenance, as in any of the general hospitals. Secondly, . from public subscriptions that would be received in the cities, say at Montreal and Toronto, where the Head Hospitals or Receiving Homes ^ would be. Third, it is hoped that Gov- ernment aid will be extended in the- same way as at present. On this point I may say that I have already con- /^ 26 ; suited with several members of the Local Government in Toronto, and they have intimated that it seems reasonable for us to expect for each >;patient taken from Ontario the same .^per diem allowance that is now given to patients in the hospitals of Ontario. ' This is now 30c per day for each patient. The Dominion Government should also . LIBERALLY AID SUCH AN INSTITUTION, - as they now spend a good deal of money each year in the supervision of • cattle to pi-event the spread of tuber- i* .culosis." If "What are the advantages to be ob- -tained by a home such as you have .^mentioned ?" "First, it would be beneficial to the -patients themselves. Of this fact there can be no better illustration than 'that given by one of the chief officials -of the C.P.R. He gave me a history - of his own case the other day, saying that four years ago one of the best phys!:ians in Toronto told him he .could not live till spring, and that he should hand in his resignation at once to the head office at Montreal. He -came to this city to do so, but instead »>of accepting it the authorities told him to go to Kamloops in the Can- adian North-West. He did so and re- turned a half year later a sound man. We have also the experience of many hundreds, who are known to the read- ers of the Star, who are leaving each year for Denver, New Mexico and other points in the United States with similar climatic conditions as are found in our own North West. In this way we will not only save a great many promising lives, but we will keep them ' as citizens of our own country. Sec- ondly, the records that will be secured from such a Home must result in increased travel to a climate that has been so beneficial'in helping invalidis, and not only will the railway carry an additional number of passengers on account of having this Home estab- lished in the North West, but, in nine cases out of ten, those who are bene- fited will of necessity become perman- ent residents. "r have received a copy of a resolu- tion from Calgary Council strongly endorsing the scheme, and from the communication received I have a hope that the Government of the North W^est Territories may render material assistance." I &i:k.. .-'^\: 27 A GENERAL CIRCULAR. Its Necessity and what has Already been Accomplished. The following circular issued in To- ronto is published here as leing of in- terest and iniportance in connection with the proposal: The Aid of the Dominion Parlia- ment is sought in the establishment of a National Sanatorium for the cure of Consumption. Such an institution, so far as its facilities will permit, should be open to patients, from all parts of the Dominion. All private or secular control should be excluded. ITS NECESSITY. statistics furnished by the highest medical authorities state that tuber- •culosis carries off one-seventh of the human race. So prevalent is it, that in England it is called the "Plague of Great Britain." It has also been proved beyond a doubt that the dis- ease is contagious. In its earlier stages it is well-known to be curable. The necessity of placing such patients in special hospitals to prevent the spread of the disease, and to secure conditions essential to proper treatment, becomes at once apparent. Dr. J, E. Graham, Professor of Med- icine in Toronto University, in a recent address before the Onten afflicted with Consumption, that Ganada affords just such favorable conditions of cli- mate as are ne^ issary, it is proposed that a Committee of Physicians, in whom the public will have the fullest confidence, shall determine the loca- tion affording all the necessary advan- tages, climatic and otherwise. That many parts of Canada are available^ for such purposes is proyen from the experience at Saranac Lake. Br. Tru- deaii, physician in charge, states that the patients do notably better during the cold weathe; of winter than dur- ing the summer. WHAT IS BEING DONE ELSEWHERE. In London alone there are three or four great Consumptive Hospitals. The one at Brompton in the West end of London, est^iblished over 50 years ago, treated last year 14,000 out-pa- tients, and 2,000 in-patients. The Royal Victoria Hospital in the East end of London treated last year 16,000 out-patients and 1,.%0 in-patients. All of these have been cared for with- out any charge whatever to the patients. The Royal National Hospital for Comsumptives at Ventnor, in the Isle of Wight, is established on ^he cot- tage plan, and comprises some ten largo buildings or cottages, having for its president the late Prime Mmis- ter. Lord Rosebery. Within the past three months a plan has been organized in Scotland by Mr. Quarrier of Glasgow, with Sir W. T. Gairdner as chairman of the Advisory Board, which provides for the erection of six buildings for thirty-flve patients each, to be located in the hills of Ren- frowE'.jire, and estimated to cost £60 000 of which £12,000 is already pro- vided. In Gennanv they have recently had erected State Hospitals for the treat- ment of charity patients, afflicted with Tuberculosis. In Switzerland wo have the groat Sanataria at Davos Plat2s for Consump- tives, with thousands of guests, where a railway of many miles in length ha* been built to accommodate consump- tive patients and their friends. The Government of Switzerland has issued during the past year regulations look- towards the establishment of special' hospitals in each canton. In the United States also hospitals are being erected for the exclusive treatment of consumptive patients. Buffalo during the past year has con- tracted for the erection of one, la New York a sj^stem of Inspection and reporting of cases of Consumption has been instituted with the result that from 1893 to 1804 the death rate from this cause had been reduced from 5,- 000 to 4,000. The Saranac Lake Sanatorium was established in 1884, with one cottage and six patients, and had, in 18M, 22; buildings and 86 patients. Its value in 1804 was $75,000^ and had in addition an endowment of $25,000 and a free bed fund of $11,000. Within the past three months two more Homes have been decided upon in New York State, one by Messrs. Schiflf and Bloomingdale— The Monte- flore, endowed by them with $50,000; and another by General DePeyster who has donated $30,000, and con- templates a home for 300 con- sumptives. WHY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DOMINION SHOULD ASSIST. It is a disease of the poor. While no class of society is exempt from con- sumption, yet it is especially the disease of the poor. Many of those affected are compelled to toil on for bare subsistence while slowly dying and spreading the disease among their fellows. Of all diseases consumption is the most costly to treat, requiring protracted rest, pure air and the best food. Notwithstanding that it is the most frequent and fatal of diseases,, owing to its protracted nature and the- 29 o J l- ^ e « >r Vj g "1 ir >n f Iff; St . ^e- >8». he- 1 consequent expense entailed, con- sumptives are to a large extent excluded from general hospitals. Even if they were admitted these fall far short of the requirements. As a means of education for the public such an institution will be most beneficial. The advantages of this when we consider the future cannot be overestimated. From an economic point of view the Government should assist, as the disease is most prevalent among the poorer classes, and hence in this way there is lost to the State each year the services of thousands of wage-earners whose lives might be saved. On patriotic grounds the Govern- ment should help. At the present moment those who can afford it are being sent by our physicians to Colorado, New Mexico, etc. In many cases they become permanent residents of the place where they have been so much benefitted. Canada ought to retain these, and to help an infinitely larger number who cannot take advantage of these favourable conditions of climate, etc,, owing to the expense of transport, etc. With a view to making Canada better known to Europe the Govern- ment should assist. Heretofore Canada has been too often advertised abroad by its ice palaces, etc. Physicians in Europe are constantly sending their patients to Colorado and other points in the United States. If we can show them that we have established a National Sanatorium for consumptives, and its results prove that we have as favourable climatic conditions as can be found anywhere on the continent for those suffering from tuberculosis, there will be turned to this Dominion a stream of invalids who now seek health in the Republic to the south of us. HOW THE PROPOSAL HAS BEEN RECEIVED. The press of Toronto and Montreal have been unanimous in their testimony. Medical men of both cities have joined in urging that something be done towards the erection of such a Sanatorium as that proposed. Recently a deputation of some. 40 of the Toronto physicians waited upon the Ontario Government urging the claims of the proposed hospital. Men representi: • both sides of politics in Toronto and Ottawa haVe endorsed the plan. That the result would be satisfactory there can be no doubt. This cannot be, better indicated than by the following paragraph taken from the paper recently referred to by Dr. J. E. Graham, Toronto: "By intelligent and persistent efforts to destroy the bacilli, or to prevent their entrance into the body; by general sanitation; by careful management of individuals who have a hereditary predisposition; and by the open air treatment, if possible in special hospitals, for incipient as well as advanced cases; the ravages of the disease would, in my opinion be diminished by one-half, and perhaps to a much greater extent." The annual report of Saranac Lake Sanatorium for 1803 states that 25 per cent of the patients are pei-manently cured, and 35 per cent receive benefit so that they may resume their avocations. The report of Dr. P. H. Bryce, the Secretary of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario, dated January 17, 1805, states: "Some 1,000 consumptive patients are now annually treated in the general hospital of Ontario, to the great danger of other patients." That in 1892 there were in the 12 cities of Ontario alone 750 deaths from this disease. That the economic value to the* State of this class, mostly composed of adults or wage-earners, is such as to demand their rescue from death, and . v.. ;.; --j ■,;;;,,.. | 30 for the Htill greater reason that the saving of others who would be exposed to them as ordinarily treated as well as the reduction of the heredity tendency in their children, w^ill be in geometrical ratio." WHAT 18 ASKED PROM THE DOMINION PARLIAMENT. With a view to securing the best results it will be necessary to have a Sanatorium established distant from the large cities, with a view to avoid- ing the incident smoke and dust, and with a view to securing the best climatic conditions. It follows that public help cannot be so readil3- secured as if the vicinity afforded . ready demonstration of the work being done. Hence the appeal to Parliament as representing the whole people. As alre.'dy intimated, the cost of maintainii.^ consumptive patients is greatly In excess of that of other patients. In Brompton hospital, London, England, there are usually 300 beds occupied by charity patients during the entire year. It is reason- able to expect that in a large of this character patients can be maintained more cheaply than if only one quarter the number were cared for. The* following lettev from- the Secretary speaks for itself: Hospital fob Consumptives, ani> Diseases of the Chest. Dear Sib: In reply to your letter^ I beg to inform you that the cost per bed for the year 1893 was £92-2^3, which divided by 365 brings it to about 5s. a day (or about $1.25). Yours faithfully, (Sgd). W. H. Theobald, Secretary. Brompton, London, S. W.,. October 12, 1894. It is, therefore, respectfully asked that a per diem allowance of 50c. per day per patient be given. This would be equivalent to abor.t one-third of the cost of maintenance. Tt is proposed that the money already promised shall be used solely for the erection of buildings^ Parliament in addition to giving per diem allowance might reasonably assist private enterprise in thfr equipment of the institution, in view of the national character of the- enterprise and its vast importance.. i^li&£&i(r i!. Iv' '.i> »!&ights to obtaining for tuber- culous patients suitable accommoda- tion in our own country. Medical authority has pronounced^ emphatically in favour of the climate'^ of Canada. But the qualities of cli- - mate are but one element in the choice of a suitable locality for the patient. The facilities of travel and the com- forts of residence are factors equally important in the choice of suitable abode, and of the route to reach it. the first of these two is now available, , and I trust your well directed energies will, in the near future, secure the lat- ter. Wishing you success. Yours truly, Alex. Hingston. Copy of lei *"r from Dr. Stewart,^ Medical Supi. of New Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. Dear Mr. Gage,— In reference to our conversation of yesterday about the advisability of having a Sanator- ium for tuberculous patients establish- ed at some point in the Novth West or 'ii 82 British Columbia, I have to say that In my opinion such a place is not only desirable, but urgently needed. It has now been proven conclusively that the open air treatment of tuberculosis in suitable situations not only arrests the progress of the disease, but in many cases effects absolute cures. The gratifying effects of suitable .climatic and hygienic conditions in this disease are exemplified in the results obtained in the Cottage Sanatorium in the Adiroudacks (Dr. Trudeau), in Colorado, in several sanatoriums in Germany, in England, etc. I believe equally favourable results will be obtained by the scheme pro- posed by you. The treatment of chionic tuberculous affections is very unsatisfactory in general hospitals. Further, it is impossible to treat more than a comparatively few, even in this way. This necessitates the vast majority of consumptives of humble means being left to fight this battle as best they may, the result being that this disease for centuries has claimed more victims than any other. The recognition of its mfective nature shows how it can be met and it gives lue great pleasure indeed to think that there will likely be a place soon where poor Canadians can go, with fair prospect of lieing relieved If not cured of their disease. Wishing you every .success in your good work. I remain, yours sincerely, James Stewart. Montreal General Hortmtal, Montreal, June 10, 1804. Dear Sir: In reply to your letter of June 18, I think there is very gi-at need for sn-.h an hospital descrilied. The treating of such patients in a (general hospital is wrong, and very 4AngerouB to the other patients. This *' V isolation must be practised if we Jbxpect to stop the advance of this very jptevBUmi aud widespread disease. As to the cost of running such an institution, I cannot express an opinion. A fair comparison could not be made with our institution. \ I should be glad to write again when some definite arrangement is made. Ridley Mackenzie, Medical Superintendent. extracts from letters received FROM some W^LL KNOWN TORONTO PHYSICIANS. J. Algernon Temple, M.D., M.C, M.R.C.S. Eng., Prof. Obstetrics and Gyneekology, Trinity Medical College. The establishment of a hospital for the treatment of consumptive patients has been a want long felt by the med- ical profession, and I am heartily in syn»pathy with you in endeavouring to build such an institution. I feel it is the duty of the government to assist in every way to save, or at least pro- . ong, human life< and in no better dir- ection can they spend money, than in this much needed want. Our country affords many suitable localities for such a hospital, and no medical man who daii> sees the sad ravages this dread disease is doing but will heartily endorse your efforts, and say the gov- ernment is doing a good work if it grants substantial aid to establish vhis hospital. Irving H. Cameron, M.B., Prof. ('Hnical Surgery, Toronto University. I certainly think that a hospital for consumptives is much needed by the province, and that It should be estal)- llshed as soon as possible. * ♦ * We have climatic advantages for cases of this kind that cannot be equalled by any coimtry in the world. Wo should take lulvantage of them. Jae. E. Grauam, M.D., Prof. Medr Iclne, Toropto University. ^ * * * It is most assuredly a necei- an an I not I then lit. IVED IITO 88 sity, and if properly constructed and properly conducted it would be a boon. E. J. Barrick, M.D., M.R.C.S. Eng. * * * The subject is one of the greatest importance, and is deserving of every support. There is no question as to the necessity of such a hospital. Consumption in an incipient stage is curable. For the poor, unfortunate, incura,ble cases, and for the protection of the public generally, common humanity urgently calls for isolation and treatment as contemplated. Arthur Jurrs Johnson, M, B.. M.R.C,S. Eng : * * * It is time that some step was taken towtvrds building such a hospital, which would prove an in- calculable blessing to many a poor sufferer fmm the awful disease. Con- sumption is contagious, it being com- municab!* through the sputa. Many cases are laidoubtably curable. We have in the North-West Territories a a climate that is unsurpassed in con- ditions which are of vital importance in the treatment of tuberculosis. Be- sides this it appears to me that if a hospital for consumption was begun in a suitable location in the North- West, the place would soon become a centre wl)ere otiier smaller and larger sanitoriums for consumption would be erected. We would then have, in our own country and amongst our own people, a hetilth resort to which our patients might go. Expense to the the patient would be lessened and nitniey kept in this coimtry. Jambb TwounuRN, M. D., Edin., Pi'ofeHH.)r (Emeritus) of Pharnuu^ol- ogy and TberapueticH, Tor. University, Medical Dii'ector North American InB. Co., etc. i • * • No oiioB doubts that con- sfuiiption is of H contagious nature with a genu origin, and with our pre* sent knowledge of the disease and its treatment, we think it is to a great extent curable, especially when not too far advanced. It is the duty of the State to aid in every way possible in the building of the proposed hospi- tal. The money would be well invest- ed if a proper sanatorium was erected in a suitable part of the Dominion. Office of the Medical Health Officer, Toronto, June 16, 'M. These cases have now ordinary hoe- pital accommodation, but not accom- modation for their separate isolation and treatment. I may say these patients are best managed under what is known as the Cottage Hospital System by which they can be Isolated more or less completely, according to the stage of the disease. • ♦ • • Charles Sheard, M. D., Medical Health Officer. < « » ' ■— extracts from TORONTO PAPERS. Toronto 01ol)e, April 2, 2806 : * * One of the difficulties is to remove from the public mind the impression that consumption is incurable, the belief being almost universal that once it has seized hold of its victims all that can be done is to leave them to die. Another of the difficulties, and per- haps the main difficulty, is the ques- tion of finances. The maintenance of an hospital for this class of patients would involve more than the usual expense. The curative influences are necessarily slow, and patients will re- quire to spend considerable time in the institution if they are to receive any permanent benefit from the treat- ment. Then there are great numbem of afflicted who would desire to avail themselves of the boon— a far greatar number than could possibly be accom- modated. These problems wUl h»v« to Im fi-i&B«fti pr ;^7 M r tt hfff laced, but above them all remains the Borrow and suffering that such an institution would go a great way toward alleviating. There is prob- ably scarcely a reader who does not know of homes where the existence of such an institution would establish hope where now there is nothing but despair. It is difficult to conceive of a more tragic fat« than that of the bread-winner who sees the swift approach of death and yet knows tiiat the destroyer could be vanquished had he but the means to carry him to where climatic conditions are favourable and enable him to re- remain there long enough to p oflt by the curative influences. Such people are under sentence of death. Mr. Oage hopes that the establishment of an institution such as he contemplates would bear to many of such a most welcome reprieve. * * • • The project is well worthy the consideration of tne philanthropic and of the public bodies >vho will be aslced to pecuniarily assist in the mainten- ance of patients. Toronto World, May 19, 1806. • • * While systematic efforts are made to stamp out tuberculosis in cattle, it is strange to find that no public effort Is made to eradicate the disease among men. * * • Such an institution is more needed than even the Jsula^ion Diphtheria Hospital. FROM HOSPITAL 8UBOBON8, TORONTO. Toronto, June 18, 1894. There can be no doubt as to the advisability of erecting such a hospi- tal as you mention, not only that those suffering from tuberculosis may receive special treatment, but that every ir eans may be taken to prevent the spread of the disease by infection. When we consider that about one seventh of the total number of deaths is caused by tuberculosis in some form, and that by far the most com- mon mode of infection is inhalation of the dried and pulverized sputa of consumptives, the importance of pro- perly careing for this cla- 1 of pa- tients is manifest. Moreover, tho i-esults obtained in the treatment of this disease in special institutions are such as would fully justify the erec- tion of a hospital ot this kind. • • » Dr. R. J. DwYBR. St. Michael's Hospital. From Mboioal Supt. Toronto Gen- oral Hospital. Toronto. Ju:ie 16, 1894. I think it very desirable to have u sepaiate hospital for consumptive patients. • • • 0. O'Reilly. ^^s^^PipK^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^! THE CITY OF CALGARY rORONTO. Its Advant«s:eoiis Situation as a Centre of Commerce. Calgary, which is the first place etaeted into a city in the Territories of Cantida. entertnl its second year of city life on the first day of January 1885, and completed its tenth year since -first surveyed as a villaflce site. It is the capital of the far famed fertile provisional province of Alberta, which stretches from north to south along tne eastern base of the Rocky Mountains for over 400 miles, and 250 miles from east to west. The site of this young city is in a lieautiful valley. Within the limits of the city is the junction of the Bow and BIbow Rivers, both of which ai*e rapid streams of ihe purest water, capable of furnishing water power for great factories, and water to irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres of land. Calgary is the most important triule centre on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway for 1,400 miles, l)etween the city ot Winnipeg, Manitoba, and tke Pacific Coast. From Calgary there is aline of railway running 2IX) miles north through an exceeilingly fertile and rapidly settling country, to the prosperous town of Edmonton, on the bankt of the grc^t Saskatchewan River, celebrated for its placer gold l>ars. It is safe to aseci't that the country along this line of railway, to and beyond Edmonton for an tulditional 100 miles has no superior on the continent for producing hard «vheat, bivrley, oats, and a great variety of vegetables and grasses. Tho\igh it is a prairie country there is plenty of timber intera|)ened andocNU without limit almost every- where. To the north are the greatest peti-olt;uin bods in the world. From Calgary to the south a railway exUinds thfoufh foritle, wall watered prairie Uada 100 miln lo Okl Fort Maclepd, which has now become -a- thriving town, and will eventually be puidhed on through the Crow's Nest Pass to the Kootenay country, a district possessing gold and silver deposits in great richness. There is not much timber along this line, but first-class coal is found in abundance every few miles. On this prairie region there are tens of thousands of beef cattle and horses which thrive and fatten without artificial shelter or food other than the native grasses all the year round. There are also many good farms. The climate of Alberta is very healthful. Alberta air being a specific for asthma and incipient consumption. On account of the length of the summer days and the clearness of the atmosphere, thero is itfore sunshine in Alberta than any part of the United States. In winter there is usually a short spell of clear frostv, and sometimes real cold weather, varving in duration from one to two months. There are never aay cyclones or devastating storms. Only once in seven years has there been what could be called a blizzai'd. The loss of cattle has not averaged five per cent in 10 years, is in fact less than in any cattle state in the Union. The snow fall is light a)) over Alberta. At Calgary there is not often enough of the beautiful to make sleighing. Calgary has already several important industries, suoh as flour and saw mills, tannery, sash and door factory, cold storage, foundry, saddlery, etc., etc., and mom for many more. The streets ^Mid buildings are lighted by electricity. There arc numerous churches, fine schools, and the hotels are unsurpaae- ed by any place of the same sIm In America. There are two live dally^ newspapers giving the telegraph nei of the world. The city haa hranohaal of three of the great ohartared banks of Oanada, alec privata banki. It 1 waterworks, aewer «Bd feal«plMO«.qFS- SB f N. h'i 86 "!», teilUli op«ra house, and public halls and fine business bloccks, built of native free stone, which are the pride of their owners and the admiration of all visitors. It is the central seat of justice for Alberta, there being two resident judges of the Suprerue Court, and here is a 100 rnan post of the North West Mounted Police. The principal exports of Calgary District up to the present are beef cattle, horses, sheep, wool, butter, lumber, building stone, lime, coal, sashes and doors, cowboy saddles, harness, ale, la^ r beer, malt, fine wool blankets, &c. The future of Cslgftry as a great city is well assured by the natural richness of the soil in the surrounding country and the vast beds of Anthracite, Bituminous and splendid coking coal with which the whole country is underlaid, and whk^h crops out in seams of great thickness in the banks of the rivers and creeks. The gold and silver mines in the mountains to the west, which are the richest now known in North America, combined with other minerals of great value, with the Anthracite, coking coal and limestone, the food produciug character of the country, the railway facilities existing, ■oon to be increased, combine to make Calgary the best point between the ooiBftnB for smelting works and con- comitant industries. Stmie of the best authorities in Britain, the United BtAtes and Canada have declared that ••Denver, Col.," is not in it with Cal- gary in natural Pidvantages for reduc- ing aAd refining works. Calgary with its Tines of railway shooting out in four directions, togt^ther with the other four lines charten^d and mibHidized, will in a short time, become a great rattway centre. There are good as- surances that a line of railway will 'be bull* at no distant day from C3al«ary to Fort Churchill on the Hodtons Bay, The Alberta Southern imlhvay from Calgary, > With the ChMUMlUu) Pacttto and the American transcontinental railways, and with the Fort Church- hill railway, will place Calgary on the shortest route from San Francisco to Liverpool by 2,000 miles. The Rocky Mountain railway and the Red Deer Valley railwav, which will soon be built, will bring in millions of tons of coal to be carried bv the Alberta 8i.;sslon of 1894, passed an ample Irrigation Act, iid the Territorial Assembly passed an ordinance for the formation of Irriga- tion districts on the mtmicipal principle The ci-ops produced on the land already irrigated have lieen pro- digious and of the flnestciuallly. Free Government homesteads ar«» to l>e had by thousands and railway lands at very low prices on long time pay- ments. The market for dairy and farm pi-oduce is good, the larger the quantity i>roduc«d the better the market. No person should emigrate to this country without suffltlent cap- ital and experience to enable them to carry on mixed fanning, horse, cattle, or sheep ranching, or to go into manu- facturing or mining on thtir own wfcowt Tlw labour BMflifllt wdl ^ V#' M) -mm^i yental lurch- ►n the }CO to Rocky . Deer on be (HIS of Jberta rs and 88 than ies for irn for y mill- e only A.lherta juthern years. hy the ks that nuuiher ' to put ditches ipaniet*. red and le suin- (rnnient jouthern Aasinl- i>uilniou of 1894, ft, nd tseil an liriga- [unU'lpal on the ^en pro- [) to Ih* Ly landH Jne pay- Ih'y and Tger the IttT the I'nitgrate Bnt cap- Itheni to D, CAttIc, to mftnu- ilv own li Wf U 87 supplied except for females for domes- tic service. With capital properly ap- plied, Alberta is capable of furnishing all the ti'ained horses needed for the British Army, all the canned beef for the army and the millions of poimds of biitter at present supplied by Den- mark to England. \ ■^m ?M -**.*'? ^./■'■•t^ . * J*:;-*-' 88 A LETTER TO W. L GAGE jjl— |i 'M i? ^^^ A Number of Abvanti^es That Calgary Possesses. W. J. Gaoe. EsquiRB, Toronto, Ontario. Dear Sir : I dusire tu point out a few facts in connection with this district, in leference to its suitability for the proposed Sanatorium which have been overlooked by the writers for this pacjphlet. 1. Calgary possesses 46 acres of beautiful island parks in the Bow River. There are thiee islands close together but separated by channels of clear water. The islands themselves are high and dry with a large number of good shade trees. It is in contemplation to bridge from the main shore and also to bridge the dividing channels. Plans have been made for darning the Bow River lielow where it i-eceives the Elbow River so that a stretch of a mile of calm water will be obtained for boating purposes. One i Miportant feature of Calgary and its surroundings is the absence of the mosquito plague. Though a very few mosquitoes mav occasionally he seen in summer they have never been here during the ten years of my residence in suflBcient numbers to be any annoyance and up to this date I have not seen or heard one this year. There is an entire absence of poison- ous reptiles. Though I have heard of some common snakes having been seen about the quarries.yet during ten years residence, going everywhere about town and country, I have never seen a snake of any kind. As an evidence of the purity of the air, I have kept rain water in barrels from June of one year to June of the the next year without causing any' perceptable smell to the water oi* gen- erating what we used to call wigglers in the Province of Ontario. Yours truly, Wesley P. Orr. Calgary, July 10th, 1805. !' '•i.