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 Ded 
 
■^■ 
 
 '4:, 
 
 PAPER 
 
 ON THE MORE SPEEDY AND ECONOMICAL 
 
 Stia^f^MlMtlil^^ (I)^ ^Ujr^ ®(Diai^O^ Hiiil^lDSJ 
 
 IN THE 
 
 DISTRICT OF QUEBEC, 
 
 With a detailed Plan of the Method proposed 
 to effect that object, illustrated hy 
 
 IX TABLE-:;. 
 
 Dedicated to His Excellency Sir JAMES KEMPT, g.c.b.& k. g.ii. 
 
 ^ ■ GOVERNOR GENERAL OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, &c. &c. &.c. 
 
 
 "W 
 
 ^fff- ^ 
 
 ■%, 
 
 5!«' ,-i 
 
 BY A LAND HOLDER. 
 
 QUEBEC 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR ; BY F,-s. LEM.IITRE, STAR OFFICE. 
 
 1829. 
 
4-. 
 
 
 t* 
 
 S^ 
 
%■ 
 
 TO HIS EXCEI.LENCV SIR JAMRS KEMP r, 
 Knight fJrand Cross of the Most Ihmoruhle Military Order of 
 /'•; Bath, Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief (fall 
 His Majesty s Forces in the Provinces of Lower Canada, Upper 
 Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward 
 Island, Newfoundland and their several dependancies, and 
 Administrating the Government of the Province of Lower 
 Canada, 6jC. Sfc. SfC. 
 
 This little Essay, upon one of the most important objects con- 
 nected with the e:altc(l situation which Ilis Excellency, as the 
 representative of OUR MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, fills 
 with so much Honor to himself, and advantage to Canada, 
 
 Is — respectfully Dedicated 
 By His Excellency's 
 obedient and 
 
 very humble Servant, 
 The Authok. 
 
 Quebec, Octolevy 18S9. 
 
r % ^^ 
 
 ;*,;;■" 
 
 .^- 
 
( 1 ) 
 
 Oil lliit inorit Hpceily and cruiiDiiiirnI Sclllcini'iit 
 f lliu I'diusr I.AXns III thoDitiTBicT of ^uruKc. 
 'I'll wliK'li ir« aJdMl a Plan in dutuil (irtlionirtlind 
 pro|KiRL'd to rtll'i't timt oUjoct. 
 
 Heail before the Society for Ihe memirasfemenl of Jlrin 
 und i)'i'ii)ir<'j III Cunailn, \6lh Drctmler, 18'2d, 
 PART THE FIRST. 
 
 PnVklMtN'ART OBSEnVATIDNA. 
 
 Tlio Eiilijcrt under rnn«)doralioii lm» l«v>n soofft'n 
 mill sii ablv discM!<Hi>d of Utn, on both Riili>M of llm 
 Atluiiiic, tlint to ofTur any remarks afl to its vnsl im- 
 purtniici! to the empire fionctaWy or to \Ue (^nnadan 
 iiiort! pnrticiilarly would ho, to May llic leant, (|iiiio 
 HupnrHuous iiiidur the pen of an able writer ; in iliu 
 ]>rf,siMit iuHlanco perhaps impurtinciil. 
 
 But althoii);!) the expediency of augmontinfr the 
 coinnu'rcinl importance of the Coloiiicfl by inrrciimMC 
 nnd I'xtondini; their population, and roiiRecpienlly 
 their uarii'iiitural and exchnnsoablo wealth, may lit; 
 ('ouNidi-rpd as very generally admitted, the best ond 
 most eeoiioinlcal mode, or to apeak more porroctly, 
 1b<- least expensive mcftiis, of attaining theao very 
 dnsirabic ends rbinain still open to di.scuAaion ; while 
 the all important conflideratirtn of the politicol vf- 
 feotfi likely to rcstilt from vhctnoral hatiils, reli^iion, 
 political or party feelings and national prejudices 
 oftliu variousclasscs'bf cmigrtints, wlio liavn sought 
 an establishment in tlissc Provinces, has been suf- 
 I'cred to pass almost unnoticed. 
 
 On subjects of such importance to the present 
 advanta^^e as wdll as the future welfare of the Colony, 
 the hjniblcst individual, having chosen it for his fu- 
 ture residence, may he permitted to oflcr a respect- 
 ful opinion on measures involvin;; his dearest in- 
 terests ; of this privilcdgo I propose to avail inysnlf, 
 liowever unqualifiod and unarciiHtomed to appear 
 before the public ; the fruits rif some practical know- 
 led^'c, mucn labour, and many years residence in 
 the country may perhaps be acceptable, and I trust 
 will be found usoful to those I intend should benefit 
 by this little essay : if the information imparted is 
 of any value, the lang^uago it ina^ bo conveyed in, 
 will claim the indulgence'! now solicit. 
 
 As the main object of tliis paper is to Uy before 
 Hhc public a plan for the more speedy arid economi- 
 cal settlement of the waste lanas in the District of 
 Quebec, I shall confine these proliniiiiary observa- 
 tions to what I conceive requisite to illucidato the 
 firoposals to be mibmitted, prefaced by a' few brief 
 lints on the subjects before alluded to. 
 
 Alter the conclusion of (lie attxigfUc which 1crmi- 
 nated in the independence ftf the United Stales, the 
 British Government hastcnod'to provide by donations 
 of waste lands in its remaining North American 
 Provinces a reward for those fdithrul and loyal sub- 
 jects, who by residing the dismemberment of the 
 empire had forfeited their possessions in the revolted 
 roloiiies; from this source of population we may 
 ' date the earliest settlements in Nerw Brunswick, 
 Upper Canada, and the T<lwnship8 in the Lower 
 Province, costing in the last case nothing to Govern- 
 ment, in many instances not even the expense of 
 ' Biirveyin,'^ the dreary wastes assigned to these harfly 
 sons or unyielfling principle, itlms proved Hie cheap- 
 est as w^l as by far the most etlicacions source of 
 colonization that these prt>vinces have hitherto reap- 
 ed the benefit of. 
 
 But if those advantages have not been balanced, 
 they have at all events been lesseni'd and in their 
 results productive o( consequences of some mag- 
 ■nitudc with a view to tbe future condition of the 
 
 C'linailas sn bu uppendiiT*' to d'rrnt Britain, by (ho 
 falulilishiiii'iit ol' n popiilulion in ili< must vsluabh* 
 provjnn* iliviilnl in religion, liii\|Mi:i|ti> and laws — not 
 Hyiiipatlii/iiii{ v\illi eat'li other, uiiil by iutrodiicmg 
 III tJie ofi(riiBib!i; churittlcr ol" ri'laliven, friends, 
 followers or iicighbourH ui' the loyuhsts, aiiolliei 
 rluHs of persoiiH from the name country, profeiiaiii}' 
 and pracliAing political doetriiieo dlumetrically oppo- 
 Med to thoMc whose |;oud fortune (hey have been 
 anxioii'i (o pirliripale in. 
 
 Until the period of the general peace in t8l.'i,willi 
 tlio exreutiuii of a few ccunpanies ordiulmiidcd (iei- 
 man solaiern, and the Highland aetllemoiit in (ileii- 
 gary, ngrie.ulliiral emigration to the Cuuadas win 
 restrictitd almost wholly to natives of (he Uui(ed 
 litates ; who, whatever may be said about tlitir 
 political opinions, have very juaily been considered 
 as the most valuable class of settlers in a new coun- 
 try. But ill grantiiig'that they possess lill tho en- 
 turpriso, persuvuranco, industry and skill that hass 
 profusely and exclusively been allowed (o them by 
 the most cnmpotcnt judges of asriciiltural labours 
 in new settlements, yet 1 may be permitted from 
 experience and personal observation to contradict 
 the ill-founded prejudice that the native Cana- 
 dians are deficient in these qualifications. With- 
 out descending to particulars, it may ho suffi- 
 cient to observe, that the diilvrence of climate, and 
 the kind ef non-intercourse decreed by nature itself 
 between Canada and the other ^parts of the world 
 for more than one half of the year, in consequence 
 of the closing of the St. Lawrence during the winter 
 months, ought of itself sulficicntly to account for 
 thet^pparcnt backwardness of progressive improve- 
 ment III Lower Canada compared wiih its more I'a- 
 vor'd neighbours, so hastily and uniiistly attributed 
 to the ubsunco of enterprise and industry in the na- 
 tive population. Whatcveniiay bo the real diflurcnce 
 in agricultural proficiency between the two races of 
 people, it cannot competently be decided until more 
 frequent opportunities of ccuitrasting their labours, 
 in similar situations exist. The diflurencc of origin, 
 language, laws and religion, must long opposo 
 a barrier to amalgamation ; while the Americans 
 have spread themselves over the fertile districts ad- 
 jacent tothoi' former country ; by the establisbmont 
 of Boccage tenure over the whole of the unconccded 
 lands in Lower Canada, the Canadians liave been 
 hcHimcd in within the narrow limits of the ancient 
 soigiiiories, sv pnrated and cut oiTfrom ail communi- 
 catron withthu new settlements' by iinmensb forests. 
 Hence the impossibility of forming any correct esti- 
 mate of the relative degree of agricultural proficiency 
 respectively attained. To ascertain this point fair- 
 ly, it would be requisite to place Americans in tho 
 mountainous and stoney portions of the lower dis- 
 tricts, and there compare their progress with that 
 of the primitive colonists. 
 
 The agricultural and manufacturing distress con - 
 sequent upon the closeof a long and most expensive 
 war, togi!tber with the unhappy disputes in Ireland 
 has of late years been the causca to which the Bri- 
 tish Colonies are indebted for another, tide of emi- 
 gration opened to the overflowing and starving 
 population of the metropolis ; if the facilities of 
 emigration were equal between the united king- 
 dom anil the American States relatively to these 
 Provinces they would speedily he densely inhabited. 
 In an agricultural point of view it niURt be admit- 
 ted thai the emigrants from Europe consisting prin- 
 lipally of artizans and common labourers cannot 
 be compared with the natives of tho ITnited States ; 
 what tlio political result may be, time alone can un- 
 fold. Some persons 3liut(in<j their cj-es upon the 
 
 *> 
 
< 
 
 ■w^ 
 
 («) 
 
 example of olUCT Colonics will arjjue tliBt apopula- 
 tioa of nriliah OTifiin wherever nluntod, will always 
 retain British prejudiceo and iWitiih proJuiictionn 
 towards tho land of their forctiithern j while their 
 antagonists maintain that tho grand majority of emi- 
 grants from tho British Islands consist of poor 
 nnd discontented persons— and that cxpericnco 
 daily manifests that habits of nffoction for distant 
 tountriei', altho' those may bo the lands of our nati- , 
 Vity or that of our oncostors, are oarly and easily 
 displaced by tho more reasonable partiality all man- 
 kind display for tho place where their property has 
 been acquired, and their family roared. 
 
 In weighing the conflicting arguments of those 
 who look exclusively towards tho surplus population 
 of other countries as a means ot'augmonting our own, 
 the question naturally presents itself, why arc tho 
 naljw popu/a(w»i overlooked or forgotten 7 — what is 
 the character, habits and political bias of the original 
 fedttlers who, since tho annexation of their country 
 to the Crown of Great Britain, rot quite 70 years 
 •go, from 60,000 souls have oncreaaed to nearly katf 
 tmiUicn 7 
 
 AVho that knows them will deny, that they are 
 • loyal moral and industrious people, by education, 
 habit and principle warmly attached to monarchial 
 forms of government. — To me It seems more 
 than probable that in the lapse of ages yet to 
 come, the native Canadians may be the fast of 
 European colonists who shall forcibly loosen their 
 
 Eolitical connection with tho mother states. That long 
 efore that period arrives the limits of this brave £ 
 loyal people may be the frontiers of the colony. As 
 connected with the subject ofthe settleinent of tho 
 waste lands, these are serious considerations,— my 
 view ofthe case may be an erroneous one, but the 
 subject itself is of weighty importan r?, and demands 
 the mature deliberation and unprejudiced attention 
 «f those to whom our destinicn aru committed. 
 
 If the native Canadian population is really such 
 as I have represented, and such as I firmly believe 
 them to bo— does not sound policy, does not the 
 future safety and welfare of the colony point out the 
 urgent necessity of augmenting and extending that 
 
 ?)opulation 7 — of opening all parts in the province to 
 he ancient tenure, by which means alone can the 
 native inhabitants be m«ltiplicd, and their peculiar 
 traits as a distinct people preserved 7 
 
 Men acquire habits by imitation rather than from 
 reflection ; placed in a strange land with tho pros- 
 pect of makmg it oar future home — we qoickly over- 
 come tho prejudices of previous impressions; "neces- , 
 sity at first compels us to adopt the manners a.id. 
 customs of those we are associated with, habit sra- ' 
 dually reconciles us to their use, and finally attach- . 
 Gs us to modes of living and opinions essentially- dif- 
 ferent from the-rocollcctions of our earlier days. The 
 emigrants from the United Kingdom who have set- 
 tled as agriculturalists in the Seigniories near Que- 
 bec, aiibrd amply proof of the truth of this hypothe- 
 sis, becoming gradually accustomed to their new 
 situation, in the lapse of a few years they are com- 
 pletely amalgamated with the general mass of the 
 population, and no otherwise distinguishable but by 
 tlic names that betray their British origin. Might not 
 this beneficial circumstance be greatly improved by 
 encouragiug a greater proportion of theso^migronts, 
 especially those of Iri^ti extraction to settle in the 
 Seigniories in lieu of transporting them to the fron- 
 tier in detached and isolated communities, subjected 
 to the neighbourhood and consequent intercourse 
 wit'i natives of the United States ; by which, al- 
 though fur argument sake, it may be conceded that 
 the emigrant may bscoinc a bolter furmsr, it will 
 
 hardly be doiiifd but that In miml imWi.i opinion* on 
 pohtiral ."iilijciU c<<<ially inimical to British tlisliii^ 
 und Uritihii interests? 
 
 Thtse rcflecli'ins arooftrcd with every dr„'ric of 
 dofercnre, tin a subject that dcstti'vns deeptir invesli- 
 gatiijii limn I can pretend to undertake ; ond with 
 much dillidcncc ; not as respects ths general outlines 
 1 liBvo attempted to sketch, of the truth of which I 
 onttTtaiii no doubts, but for tho feebleness of the at- 
 tempt niudo to awaken inquiry inthosn m»ru r<iiM. 
 potent to tho task. — This digression is iiidmatcly 
 connected with the main object of this paper, to 
 which I shall now return, viz. : « The sptnlitit "nd 
 most tffertuul means of tettlini; the wnsle lands in the 
 Province .•» — and in the prosecution of this dusicn tho 
 first object that presents itself for consideration, is 
 tho most advantageous means of disposing of tho 
 great annual cacroaso of popclation arising from 
 emigration. 
 
 It would be equally tircsonio as unprofitable to 
 •nalize, or even to recapitulate the outlines of the 
 numerous and contradictory projects that of lato 
 years have been from time to time submitted to tho 
 public for the settlement of the waste lands in tho 
 American Colonies, by emigration from the United 
 Kingdom. Many of these projoctswhcn specially 
 appfiod to the particular portion of country the re- 
 spective proposes had in view, may perhaps^ if put 
 into execution, be found to answer the ends intend- 
 ed ; but not one of them is calculated for general 
 purposes ; and from such diversities of opinions it 
 would I fear be found very difllcult, not to say im- 
 practicable, to frame any one svslem adapted for ge- 
 neral iM(, from Gaspd to Lake lluron, that would not 
 be found every way defective in execution. Nor is 
 it nt all probable that any such system of agricultu- 
 ral colonization will aver be discovered as shall at 
 once suit ho many different climates,' soils situations 
 and consequent modes of subdtiins the wilderness 
 and makinc it susceptible of cultivation. That 
 which may bo well adaotcd for a country where fisl'- 
 ing and hunting arc adaed to Hie employments nf 
 the agriculturalist, willbefound altogether inappli- 
 cable to that where the means of subsistence must 
 be exclusively raised from the soil. Tho hardy and 
 laborious settler in the rough and hilly district of 
 Quebec, will be very differently situated from tiie 
 sallow and sickly inhabitant of the rich praises and 
 swamps near the" Great Lakes of UiiperCaniida. 
 
 For these and for other rcagoi.s, tnatwill be no- 
 ticed as I proceed, tho system I mean to propose, 
 will be confined to the district of Quebec enncrally, 
 and more particularly to that portion of it situate 
 >south west of tho river St. Lawrcnct;, where my own 
 personal cxpericnco and observation has enabled me 
 to estimate the value of tho information I have col- 
 lected from the experience of others — should tho 
 plan I am about to submit for effecting tho settle- 
 ment of the waste lands in this portion of the Tro- 
 vincc be approved of, and on trial bo found to merit 
 that approval, it may bo so modified as perhaps to 
 effect the object inview in other parts of tho coun- 
 try. 
 
 Exclusive of tho reasons for selecting this particu- 
 lar portion of the lower province, where the means 
 proper to be adopted to form, new settlements, are 
 so essentially different from these usually practised 
 in the superior districts, I have been mainly induc- 
 ed toattcmpt atusk, perhaps very much beyond mv 
 humble abilities, from the totol absence of any simi- 
 lar undertaking. — While hundreds of volumes have 
 been written to describe and ma''nify all the advan- 
 tages offered by Upper Canada ; and every means 
 been used, s'.ipported by the powerful aid of the Im- 
 
 ' 
 
(3) 
 
 II,: opminnt on 
 Urititli t'oalin^ 
 
 Bvcry'lr,'rc'Co( 
 deepitr iiitcsii- 
 ikc ; oiul Willi 
 reniTRl outlines 
 uth of whii-h i 
 cncssofllif! at. 
 oio moro roiii- 
 )n is iii.:imaltly 
 tlii^ pupcr, 1o 
 he spttdUst ond 
 isle lands in tht 
 fthis diisicn tlio 
 nnRideration, i-i 
 Itsposing oftho 
 }n ariBing from 
 
 unprofitable to 
 outlini's of the 
 8 that of lato 
 ubmittcd to the 
 ite lands in ilio 
 rom the United 
 when specially 
 country the rc- 
 pcrhaps^ if put 
 the ends intcnd- 
 tcd for general 
 I of opinions it 
 not to «ay ini- 
 » adapted for ge- 
 I, that would not 
 ccution. Nor is 
 .em of agricuUu- 
 crod as shall at 
 ■oils situations 
 the wilderness 
 tivation. That 
 ntry where fisli- 
 imployments of 
 •gether inappli- 
 .ibtistuncc must 
 The hardy and 
 hilly district of 
 ituatcd from the 
 rich praises and 
 jcrCiimida. 
 lat will be no- 
 an to propose. 
 ucl)cc pouorally, 
 on of it situate 
 where my owa 
 lias enabled nn^ 
 ition I have coi- 
 ers — should tho 
 ting tho settle- 
 ion of the Pro- 
 found to merit 
 '4 as pcriiaps to 
 rts of the conn- 
 ing this particu- 
 irhere the means 
 Bettlcments, arc 
 isually practised 
 ^ mainly induc- 
 luch beyond my 
 nee of any simi- 
 if volumes hav«^ 
 fy all the ad van - 
 d every means 
 laid of the Im- 
 
 peril Govornmcnt itself to inducP emigrants to 
 «»ctlle III what IS usuollv tomiod tho Vpptr Country ; 
 till' lower Mart.i of the Province has either been to 
 ta'.ly overlooked and neglected, or what is still 
 worse, noiereproscnted by ixnorsnt* or prejudiced 
 persons and interested flpoculators— when Lower 
 ( anada has occasionally been honored with tho no- 
 liri! of tli'iso trading book makers, it is merely to 
 warn oiTthoBe they are so anxious to pilot to the 
 liinJ of pMt'<ise,from a country which they afeploascd 
 ti) represent as' worthless in itself, and uncongenial 
 from Its institutions to tho habits of Britons— some 
 fiMV indeed, by tho assistance of Bouchette's splun- 
 dill work, have been unable to overlook thocircom- 
 Htanco that for more than a hundred leagues, the I 
 
 r heaven and lower hell i« separated merely by 
 . ,ver : and accordingly relaxing Romowhat, re- I 
 toinmend the Ottawas r'lstrict as a kind of torrcs- 
 Irial purgatory for those poor devils whose means 
 nre inadequate to enable them to penetrate to tho 
 fever and ague psradiso in' the vicinity of the Groat 
 Lakes. As for the unfortunate district of Quebec, 
 the only notice it obtains is tho repetition of the old 
 stories about Wolfe and tho Lorette Indians, French 
 men and dog carts, with copious notes touching tho 
 most expeditious means of proceeding to Montreal. 
 
 That part of the Lower Province to which my 
 present enquiries more especially relate, is situate 
 between the 45th and iSth paralein of north latitude, 
 and extends from the 69th to the 72nd meridians of 
 longitude west of Greenwich, comprehending a 
 tract of fertile country iti the immediate vicinity of 
 the capital of British North America, 300 miles in 
 k'ugth, and in some parts 80 to 100 miles in width — 
 ft is bounded on the north west by the river Saint 
 Lawrence, south east by the United States and the 
 Province of New Brunswick ; north east by Luke 
 Temiscuatuaond tho river Madnwaska, and south 
 west by tho headwaters of the rivers St, Francois, 
 Nicolet, and Becancour. This lerritery, which bare- 
 ly amounts to a quarter of the habitable part of the 
 valuable and extensive district of Qncnnc, is ex- 
 tremely well watered by many considerable rivers ; 
 
 ♦ J^oie. — Since the introduction of Steam Boats 
 in our river, the fatigues and dangers of travel wri- 
 ters, tourists and emigrant guides, have been won- 
 derfully abridged; landed at Quebec, after going 
 tnrougn tho prescribed ceremonial of a ndo to Lo- 
 rette and a sail to tho falls, tho occupation of one 
 and the same day if the weather is favorable, the 
 requisite quantum of information is considered as 
 fully obtained ; and the Geographical, Geological, 
 Statistical and Historical account of the country, 
 its aborigines and actual inhabitants, theirjnanners, 
 customs, language, laws and character may very 
 conveniently oe compiled (with the assistance of for- 
 mer plagianstic itinerant dealers in lies,) m the com- 
 fortable cabin of the Stejm Boat that wafts the en- 
 terprising traveller to Montreal ; where after a few 
 miles of land carriage, aanther Steam barge conveys 
 him to the United States. Formerly these gentle- 
 men were tmder the necessity of travelling by land 
 from Quebec to Montreal, at the post rate of six miles 
 an hour, night and day, in order to lay in the com- 
 petent stock of knowledge and experience judged 
 to be adequate for tho production of a book of « Tra- 
 vdsin Canada,« In these days the whole trip from 
 the landing at Quebec to the exit at St. Johns could 
 not be performed in lesstkan four davs and a half, 
 ■ whereas now, by the happy invention of Steam 
 Boats, it 13 reduced to lesstkan three.— «//iw .♦ totwn 
 ■tridimm .'» 
 
 amon/f which I shall Only name tho Chtudiurc, Ct 
 choiiiin,Du Sud, Ouollc, du Loup and tho noble rivet 
 St. John, which runs purulul to, and at no very cun- 
 aiderable distance Iroiii the St. Lawrence, navigablu 
 almost to its source. 
 
 The face of the coimtry consists principally of le- 
 vel plains, no portion of it can be culled mountain- 
 ous ; tho hills that diversifies the scenery are rulti- 
 vttloblo to their very summits, and oftin cxlilbit tl.o 
 very best quality of lands. Uf these hills, one ciialii 
 extends from the townships of Thctford and Brougli- 
 ton' across tho seigniory of Ste Marif, and tho 
 townships oi Frampton, Buckland, and Standon, a 
 few miles north oastof which last, they terniinatu 
 ahniptl]^ 111 a level plain. Another low rafi;;e of 
 hills, skirt the south easterly shore of the Saint Law- 
 rence, at six or eight miles distant from tho Bivcr 
 du Sud downwards : between those last mentioned 
 range, and the main stream oftho River Saint John, 
 a low level, and in some places, swampy tract offer- 
 tile country intervenes, in which the Rivers du Sud, 
 Oiiello and Do Loup, falling into tho Saint Lawrencv 
 take their rise, at no great distance from tho waters 
 flowing into tho River St. John, with which they are 
 said frequently to communicate. The extcnsiv* 
 valley watered by tho River St. John, now in disput* 
 between the Crown of Great Britain and the Ame- 
 rican States, is but imperfectly known ; if we may 
 credit tho uniform reports of all such as have visited 
 tho upper portion, it may bo considered as a most 
 valuable tract of rich alluvial soil ; much superior to 
 the country in the immediate vicinity of tlie Saint 
 Lawrence m point of climate. 
 
 Tho remainder of the tract of country I have en- 
 deavoured to describe, varies but little in the quali- 
 ty of the soil, with this exception that it improves 
 in proportion as it recedes from the Saint LawTcnco ; 
 in general Avhere it is not alluvial, as frequently found 
 on tho margin of rivers, it is composed of a stiiTstraw 
 coloured or reddish yellow clay of great deptii, co- 
 vered by a tliin superstratum of decayed vegetable 
 matter. 
 
 The surface is generally stoncy and somctimea 
 rocky, but these stones are not difficult, although 
 rather tedious and somewhat expensive, to remove ; 
 that once effected a rich warm soil is opened for cul- 
 tivation capable of yielding a prodigious number of 
 Eucccssive crops of wheat, ♦ rye, barley, oats, grass 
 
 * It would be amusing, although perhaps not very 
 instructive, to pcruso and compare the various con- 
 tradictory descriptions of Canada the public have 
 from time to time been favored with ; were it not 
 accompanied by the evil tendency such fabler can- 
 not fails to have upon the most important interests 
 oftho country, in quarters where the greatest mis- 
 cheif may be effected by the humblest means. — 
 Nothing better than prejudiced or ignorant misrra 
 presentation can well be expected from the general 
 nerd of travel writers I have before hinted at. — 
 But what must be our astonishment, what our r(« 
 grot to find a Gentleman of Ligli respectability and 
 of acknowledged observation and talent, who from 
 liis long rfsidence in Lower Canada, must be sup- 
 posed eminently well qualified to convey correct 
 information of the country, — utter the ibllowing 
 sentence before a comniittee of the House of Com- 
 morts ? « that the climate below Quebec is not prepitiont 
 R j'ur the groiolh qf pain, partictdnrly tvlrcat ; there is 
 u haydly m}ytBheat whnievrr giwon bdoto Q,x>r.bee ; 
 I' thtre is twi fine lands and vei-y productive lands. 
 
 1 (Query, of what ?) bttt thet crow no wheat ! ! 
 
 [ As a contra.i* to this verv swec|iiii2 declaration 
 wo find in tiie 75 number of the Quebec Star, 1st 
 
I 
 
 v 
 
 ii 1' 
 
 ! , 
 
 C ^ ) 
 
 .mil v<>(»«'t«lilc^ \Mori> il li«>rnm<»« rcquriti' to apply 
 iiiiiiiiiri',<ir rPMivij(oralt' llii- "'nl by IuIIiim*iii)> - 
 
 'I'lir pri'iloiiiKialcrluus <il' riH lift and limii- •tniirfi 
 HO uniftully Mrallfrfd ov(<r tint piMliiui of ilii.' Pr<. 
 viniu, nrti wlial is Icrimd iliiv nl:«l'' ; <lr(iliili'nrdir!i 
 rri»nn'nilv, bill ruily iii liolilrrn ol' no r"ninl(*raUI«> 
 inii|/nilU(lt>, ot'lhcni' inniiy hav(! the appoartncd nl' 
 Porpliyry; the (irnvwaiku and l.lnunlonn nonlHin- 
 (hinl oil ilK'uorlli ii)ion', Iiob no» Ixon Bs yrt lUncn- 
 viTi d to t'Jiint in Hitii, on llio flonlli wdu, nl any con- 
 ojdrruhlo iliHtnnrn liDni llio I'.ivor St. I. u wren (■»),-« 
 vi'ry liiw detacliid rockM or r.ilhor houldorN of l.imr- 
 htoiio liuvi) been ocrnHiomiHy. ond but vRry rarely 
 liiiind in the interior, but of an inferior <iiialily.— 
 IroiiDriM'xiata in tlio Townaliip ofCmnbournoinM- 
 vi-ral placfg, ond jiHlginK (Vom tho ottrnclion of tbo 
 innKio't, appparfl to bo very common in many oilier 
 narlH of llio District : but 1 am not ftwnro that onv 
 iillier kinds of metallic ore* liavo been diwovcri'd. 
 
 Tho uncultivated Wastea in this an in ad otiicr 
 partH of thi! Province aoiitli oant of the Groat River 
 it thicMy covered with woods of the most luxurious 
 growtb ; Maple and fed birch miscd with beech, 
 hemlock, basa, ironwood, ^c, predominate on tho 
 elevations ; birch, elm, pine, spruce, larch, cedar, 
 Iders, &c., in the lower situations ; the white hirch 
 is very rarely found and in small quantities, ond Urn 
 oak still seldomer, perhaps never in the origirial 
 Forest ; notnrol meadows abound in the alluvial 
 or satidy soila in tho vicinity of Rivers and Lo- 
 k<'g, bin no grass is found in the lordsts : In tho 
 lower silimtions, where soft wood abounds, occi- 
 dental tirci are frequent and destructirvo ; in such 
 C laces, aller the timber has been destroyed, an n- 
 undant and cxhantiting crop of weeds bearing u 
 red flower immediately spring up, ond after three or 
 four years oro replaced by red raspberries, ftild 
 cherries, and occasionally white clover, and wiUl 
 hops : in the end the whole is rc-oecupied by a new 
 turest of timber, gnnorally different from what had 
 been itrcviously destroyod. These bntlfft, as they 
 are culled, notwithstanding tho temptation offered 
 by the cltaritig, ought to be especially avoided, m 
 thesupcrstralum is so comjiletoly worn ont by the 
 various crops of weeds and underwood, that no crop 
 can bo obtained before tho slumps arc removed, and 
 the subsoil turned up by Ihe plough. 
 
 It is very generally admitted Ihat tho climate in 
 the interior and unsetllod ports of the di.^lrirt on 
 either side of the St. Lawrence is vastly superior to 
 what is at Quebec or other places in the immcdiute 
 vicinity of the Great Uiver. !n Ihe rear ofthe counties 
 of Dorchester and Hertford in particular, I can from 
 experience assert that the spring is fully a fortnight 
 earlier Hum at Quebec, and that the average quantity 
 of snow remaining on tho ground during winter is 
 seldom one half— upon the whole, oltho' the summer 
 may be shorter, nnd autumn frosts sometimes occur 
 earlier than towards the upper districts, — these disad- 
 vantages arc more than compensated by the prox- 
 imity to, ond facility o*" communication witli the 
 capital ; aff-)rding at once the best market on this 
 
 November 1828 j that Chicoutiiny on the Snguo- 
 nay some 90 or 100 miles iielow Querkc, produces 
 most excellent crops of grain pariinUttrlti wheat ! and 
 that moreover generally speaking the country below 
 Quebec had that yeor reaped v ry abundant crops 
 of wheat, while in almost ever other part ofthe 
 Province this crop had totally failed.<~I wisii tlial I 
 could persuade inysolf that the paragraph in the 
 STAn was inlcndcd as a tardy apology for the inis- 
 clieif purpottatcJ by an incorrectly reported evi- 
 dence. 
 
 roiiimcnt liir Hie »iirplii« pr<»«liic<« of tin oUW ^rtiili . 
 le liiiii'iitH, mid a eon- laiil i<ii|i|>lv ol'hiliniii nt lilii-iu I 
 MMi'i'M ii^t .til OKM: lull! M to lilt' inili(^eiil icItU'rt: on 
 new lamls. 
 
 M»iiy Inve been induced to bclisve, that iiiaviiiiirh 
 ns lli<- iiniiliiil <'x)Hirti of ulieal has very iiiali-riuliy 
 liiiiiiniiiliiid ^illl■e the coniliienrrinent nl' the prrseiit 
 crtitiiiy, iiiilwithslunding llie vinit exleiiiioii of cii'- 
 tivahoii, the rliiiiale of Lower Caiiaiia iiiimt liiivu 
 experieiireil ^ome i'han||e unfuvorablo lo the produc- 
 tion of Huh slalfof life. But i^ery person H lit) luis 
 resided in Canada for the Inst tblrly or liirly years 
 will nllcst, llial ho titr otherwise, the cliiiiale has 
 e\idenlly uiidersone a very sensible anielioriilion ; 
 the extremes ot Mimnier beat and winter i old, ur(* 
 by no means so great ; wliile by llm gradual remo- 
 val of the forests, early frosts have aliiioHt been 
 banished from the older 8ct.'lements. 
 
 Although tliooonoliisionns torliinato is evidently 
 erroneous, the fact is ncvertbelcfs undoubted, that 
 the quantity of wlioat exported, instead of iiicrc»siii|; 
 in a two iold ratio as the pnfiidulion has iiiosi iin- 
 
 3ueslioiMib|y done, a|ipoars to have boon materially 
 iininishud ; ami may 1 think bo fully arcounted 
 for from other ciicunistanccn than deterioration in 
 the elimale. The augmentatiou of unproductive po 
 pulalion ill cities, towns and villages, the great an- 
 nual influx of strangers, together with the causes 
 which have ope:btcd in retarding the settleiaciits in 
 the townships, must have ikad extensive eflitcts— 
 oddiliorai ond ouBmcnting Exports of flour and 
 bisciiil , tlio eatatmshment of lirewerics and intro- 
 
 du. !' matt liquor a» tho general beverage iii 
 
 the til.. i.<, — will also in part-accotint fur tho diini- 
 hislied ex|>ortsof grain ; but perhaps a material, if 
 not a principal, cause of tliu evil coiupluiiied of may 
 be traced lo the gni<lual relaxation and, at Insi, lulal 
 disBiise of one of the ancient laws of flic colony, 
 prohiliitiii<! llie sulMlivisiun of farms.) 
 
 It is wcllVnown Hiat the Canadians arn a social 
 and unaiiibilioiis people, fondly attached to the place 
 of their nativity and the society of their relatives, 
 nothing short of urgent necessity will overcome 
 their reluctance to leave Hie paternal roof and open 
 a new farm in the forest ; but these virtuous and 
 kindly feelings of Hio heart, so totally unknown in 
 other colonics, degenerate into political vices when 
 carried to the extremes now complained of. The 
 envilahtc conscqiienco of this la.'K of enterprise, so 
 curly and so wisely guarded agiiinst by tlio enact- 
 meiit ofthe French government, has been, that lat- 
 terly, since that enactment has ceasetl to opemie, 
 farms of '2) and 3 acres front »s originally r.oneeded, 
 have under the operation of tho C'oKtioiir de Paris 
 been divided, and subdivided ad tu/initttiii artiong the 
 members of famihes in successive generations, until 
 at last many originally allotted furthe support of one 
 family in case and coiniort, have now to maintain 
 three, four, five or more, who far from being able to 
 spare any surplus produce, fur market, witli difficul- 
 ty produce suOicicnt. fur their own must pressing 
 necessities. 
 
 If, as I very much ft>ar, tlio fact of tho existence of 
 the evil 1 hayo mentioned is undeniable, and tho 
 mischiefs attendant on il daily augmenting towards 
 universal pauperism and misery, would not a modi- 
 tied r«!vival of Hut ordinances of 1745 for a limited 
 p<!riod, be likely to produce benefits well worth tho 
 experiment 7 
 
 t Ordonnance dii Roi, portent entr'autres choses 
 ddfensesaux habilansde b&tir surlcsterres, it moiuH 
 qu'elles nc soicnt d'lin arpent et domi sur quarante 
 * oe profond«ur. — 2d Avril, I74.'>. 
 
 i> I 
 
( 3 ) 
 
 , iil.lrr •>rt:il . 
 imr n) lil>i-iu 1 
 I rctlliTi, oil 
 
 liM iiinoinllrli 
 ry iiiali-nally 
 
 .r llu' |>rrH('lil 
 ntilioll ol' « Ill- 
 la iiiiiHt liavu 
 III till' Jjrodur- 
 moll will' l""" 
 or liirly yiai" 
 
 «liiii«ti' lia*' 
 aiiioliiiiulioK '• 
 iiUr I olil, ufi' 
 irrailual rmiio- 
 3 almoHt bi-uii 
 
 to in cvidonlly 
 niJuubti'il, llinl 
 a of liicrrtiDiiii; 
 lins iiiont iin- 
 looii matcriully 
 iilly arcouiilt;d 
 ivtcrtoradon in 
 iprodiiclivu po ' 
 , till! RT'^nt an- 
 illi tlu) ruusi'i* 
 
 1 HPttli-inciilu III 
 
 HI8ivti «'fr»!ClB — 
 
 1 of flour and 
 Pries and inlro- 
 ral bcvcraui' in 
 I for tlio diini- 
 iH a nintcrinl, if 
 ipluimd of inny 
 id, ul Insi, lotal 
 I o»' (lie i'oloity, 
 
 iHS arn a social 
 hetl lolliopliicp 
 Ihi-ir rclalivos, 
 will ovi'rconii! 
 tl roof and opin 
 10 virtuouH and 
 illy unknown in 
 iittl vin's wlinn 
 iiincd of. Tlie 
 I' iiiUT|>ri»f, BO 
 Ht liy llii' ••nart- 
 he'cn, llial lal 
 uBLil (o opcrolo, 
 ;inally coinrrtid, 
 •oiiliiine </c i'liri* 
 ...hmi among tlin 
 enwrations, until 
 ic support of ono 
 ow to maintain 
 in being able to 
 rt, with difficuV- 
 n most pressing 
 
 . tbo existence of 
 cniublc, and tlio 
 inenting towards 
 nuld not a modi- 
 1745 for a limited 
 tfl well worlU tho 
 
 .tr'autres choscs 
 PS trrrcs, a inoins 
 omi sor quarante 
 
 I 
 
 Within the limits of the portion of tho dintrict of 
 (ebec I havn nndeovourod to desciibo, tliuro are 
 )ut forty aeifiniories or nrinripal fief* of varioim 
 w.x.hnt from 9,000 to 1li,000 armints (ach — a very 
 ■mall proportion of the ciillivalila lands on wliirh 
 remain unconcodnd. From recent and tolerably 
 arcurste returns tho inliHbitants may be estimated 
 at more than HO,OUO souls ; exhibiting a density of 
 population perhaps emial to any part of tho pruviiice, 
 when it is consiili'red that with the exception of the 
 more recent establiihmcnts on the Chnudioro and 
 Etchcmin the whole of those seigniories aro con- 
 fined to a narrow slip of territory on tho margin of 
 the St. Lawrencn seldom exceeding six miles in 
 depth and very often loss. 
 
 The portion of the territory comprised within the 
 natural limits of the district of Quci'cc now claimed 
 by itie State of Maine may aniouiu to about five 
 millions of acres ; between which and the old 
 seignories, ami including tho Inrge tract drained by 
 the rivor Chaudiere and its tributaries is situate the 
 country tho Hettli:ment of which forms tho main ob- 
 ject ul this little treatise. 
 
 This latter tract may bo estimated at upwards of 
 two millions of acres, or about Ivc times tho extent 
 of the soignories — the greater part of it has already 
 been Ihi.I out in Townsliips of whiih about 18 or 
 to have been wholly or partiall> surveyed and scat- 
 tered settlemoRts commenced — but of these, Framp- 
 ton and Broughton have alone made any consider- 
 able progress — the former may contain about GOO 
 and the Tatter tOO aouls. By the judicious applic."- 
 tion of the money granted for internal communica- 
 tions, rapid extensions uf the settlements in tho 
 Townships may l>e anticipated. 
 
 Upon tho whole it may bo safely assumed that the 
 situation of this portion of tho Crovince is une- 
 qualled- its soils »nd climate relatively speaking 
 good, and its present state of improvement fully 
 equal to all that could reasonably l»e anticipated con- 
 sidering the state of total neglect it has hitherto la- 
 boured under. 
 
 These proliminary remarks have already greatly 
 exceeded the hounds that I hoped to haVc imposed on 
 myself : but I feci tho necessity of craving the readers 
 further indulgence, while we briefly examine a fow'of 
 tho leading points respecting the advantages and dis 
 anvantagcs of the toecagt tenure, as contrasted with 
 the more ancient mode of granting lands «en Fiefet 
 Siigneurito ;— and a few concise remarks on tho na- 
 ture and tendency of the plan for the sotllonient of 
 European emigrants, in Canada, recommended by tho 
 select committee of the House of Commons in tho 
 year 1828.— . . „ , 
 
 As ti basis to the observations I mean with all de- 
 ference to submit, it is my opinion that with respect 
 to tho advantages attributed to tho respective tenu- 
 res in uso in thi's Province, the ultimate result must 
 in a great measure depend upon the nature of the 
 country, and the previous habits and character oTthe 
 population to which such ten>«ro may bo applied ; — I 
 cannot aijree with either tho Englishman or the Ca- 
 nadian that their respective tenures arc exclusively 
 food or altogether bad ; or that dither of them aro 
 universally in every dimtte and eitftation applicable, 
 or tho reverse. — 
 
 Ifit is true, as has sooflonbeen assorted by Histo- 
 rians and Travellers, that all nations are naturally 
 attached to their own particular customs usages and 
 Laws, however absurd or inapplicable to tlicir res- 
 pective wants tlieao may appear in tho eyes of 
 strangers, or however inferior to thosa of their 
 neighbours in ths gcneroil estimation of m&nkiud ; 
 
 it cannot ha matter of iiirpnse that the particular 
 form of Law, or what is technically termed VWiurr, 
 under which a man enjoys tho pnaeeablu occupation 
 ofthe land that has been tilled by his forefathfri, 
 shoiil'* ueromo an object of veneration, dear to liim 
 beyond all other merely human institutions.* 
 
 Knf> ishmcn above all other peuiile hiivo burn 
 thought particularly tenarioiis on tliia point ; not 
 satisiiod with its unbounded rnjoyinent in llieir own 
 happy land, they have been anxious to traiiHiilaiil 
 their I'avurito tenure of/r<« and cmmmm sorracft a\an% 
 with their criminal code, and conHiitiitinn of rivil 
 government into every region where their victorums 
 arms, or enterprising colonists have penrlrated 
 
 But if it must be admitted, what has never vi>t 
 been controverted, that the Laws of all civiJi/.ed 
 nations, and more particularly those having refuren- 
 ce to the toiuiro ot Lands, nave in the course of 
 agoa been gradually adopted fur tho reiipcclivt: ne- 
 ces«iti<!s of each, and consequently peculiarly adapt- 
 ed to the natiirn of tho rlimato and tho elianiclnr 
 and wants of the inhabitants; it miiHt likewise \m 
 granted that the policy of forcing our tenures into 
 countries where from permanent causpf prfrom tlio 
 peculiar customs or even prejudices of tho poinila- 
 tioTi they aro unsuitable or dioHked, ina}' well bo 
 doubtetf: — That it has been doubted liy ilii- collec- 
 tive wisdom of I'^ngliiihmen themselveH ; — tli it it lint 
 oven been refuted and reprobated by the Pahi.u- 
 MBNT or GncAT Britain, tho grnatett,thc most en- 
 lightened and tho hiost upriirht legislature that ever 
 swayetl tho destinies of mankind, may I think bn 
 fairiy assumed ; for by the very act, t of that ungiut 
 assembly the an .iciit Laws and tenures of the colo- 
 ny have been restored and secured to the Canadians 
 and their poiltrity for tvtr : thus tacitly at least, it 
 not formally and solemnly renouncing tho csla- 
 bl'shmcnt of the soccage tenure in tho iiiimodiato 
 vicinity of tho seignorial grants ; which in point of 
 fact was not introdnced into Canada for many year* 
 subsequent t.) the pafsinc ofthe famous Quebec Act ; 
 that nia^a charta of their newly acquired tiubiects — ' 
 Will It be pretended that the bo<in was a conditional 
 one, and not intended to extend beyond the narrow 
 bounds of llio small strip o(° territory on each side of 
 thn St. Laurence then inhabited ? — if so, how wero 
 tkt posterily of this favored people to be provided 
 for 7 — wero they on stepping over the limits of the 
 ancient sottleinente, as id proves of time they surely 
 must do, were they thon I !&y in the same country 
 and within vicW ofthe spot oftlioir nativity, .wpccl- 
 ed at onco to renoftnee their laws, customs, nay 
 perhaps, even their vet _ language, sentiments and 
 whole character as a scperato peojile, and acquire 
 all these habits and propensities in a new form ; wns 
 it, emdd it ever be contemplated by the Ij.'gislatiire, 
 that in one part of a Man's farm he should aeijnirn 
 and uso the English lanpiacro and Laws, and in 
 tho other prcsorvo thoso of hisiftiuntry ? — TImt one 
 feiUI should be snbioct to tho Low of g-or«/ kind, and 
 tho other to that otprimogenllulrel — Surely not ! 
 
 It Hoems more reasonable to believe that the Im- 
 perial Legislature actuated by the wisest forcBiyht, 
 as well as the purest bonovolence, have decreed lliat 
 the Canadians, in common with His Majesty's other 
 
 ♦ J^oU. — Nothing con be more unjust than to rr- 
 present that the Laws of Canada impede its scttlr- 
 meiit ; or more absurd tlia-i to assert that tho f a> 
 nadians arc not particularly attached to them. It 
 has been wisely and truly said, that all Laws ar« 
 good if well administered. 
 
 t See U. G. IH. ch. 83. Section 4 & 8. 
 
 X 
 
( 6) 
 
 1 
 
 Ji 
 
 t jccU, Bhould enjoy the privilodgO of a choice of 
 tunuru in pi-oportioii to the probablo wants of nn 
 aUgnicutiiig and miicd population ; that one kind 
 of tunuru was intended for at least tho greater |«urt 
 of the Lowur Provincei And tho other as more suita* 
 biu to RiigliBhinon and their descendants fur t! e 
 whole of the upper, may be inferred by their sepaiu- 
 tion into two governments, with distinct and iu- 
 dcpendant legislatures. — 
 
 It is foreign to my purpose to cn(]uire into tho ap- 
 parent poUtical reason..', that have m a manner for- 
 ced the free and common soccago tenure over all 
 tho waste lands in Lower Canada ; without the con- 
 currence of the Provincial Legislature, and contrary 
 to tho wishes and interests of nine tenths of its in- 
 LabitantG. — How a system could have been so ex- 
 tensively and exclusively adopted, that in its opera- 
 tion inculcates anti-monarchial, nay ifwe may cal- 
 culate by experience in the new world, anti-British 
 Constitution principles ; . a system that in the end 
 must havu the double uficct of operating un extin- 
 guishment of tho territorial Revenue, and the aii- 
 joihilati-jn of the country gentlemen und great lun''- 
 ed proprietors of the Province ! is I <:unfcs3 
 much beyond my humjilc cotnpreheni on — But I 
 vill venture to assert, without fear of rcfuta'ion, 
 that the sooner exclusive persovcrcncc in this suici- 
 <lical measure is abandonned, and the ancient tu- 
 iiurc of Lands restored to such as are attached to it, 
 thu better ; both for the preservation of the colony 
 to Great Britain, as a primary and all important 
 result, und for its internal improvement and speedy 
 eettlomcnt, which alotie can render tliu possession 
 valuable : — To sfty not one Word about national 
 iuith pledged and at stako to the original colonists 
 explorers aad improvers of tho Canadas; — A loyal 
 and gallant people, the firmest local bidwark of 
 British supremacy iu this quarter of <hc Ulobc. — 
 
 That in Upper-Canada, and even in sotne of the 
 upper and more fertile portions of the Lower Pro- 
 vince, free and common soccage may have its ad- 
 vantages, when contrasted with the ancient tenure 
 u> its umodified form, oucumbred with many ob- 
 noxio^iR privileges that havd either been legally re- 
 scinded or become obsolete in practice, lamnot pre- 
 pHred|to doubt or deny ; — But every impartial person 
 who has had actual cxpcrieiico in the settlement of 
 forest land, must agree with me, that the seigiiorial 
 tenure, aa it turn) exists, ia in all respects the most 
 suitable for every part of tho district of ftuebec. 
 
 Soccage tenure, with reference to Canada, im- 
 plies ca|)i>al at the command of the first cultivator. 
 Forect lands in theso climates a/lord no spontaneous 
 prudQctions that can be converted into lood ; — and 
 arc Only cdpable of furnishing subsistence to man 
 when improved by his labour : — A man might be put 
 in posse>'sion of miUions of acres of such territory, 
 and bould not obtain a break fust in the whole space 
 if ignorant of the arts of hunting or fishing ; — A sin- 
 ^'lu biscuit would be of mure Value to such ii pct;'on 
 than all he could fuid eatable ia a thousand leagues. 
 The person thcrofore that attempts to bring such 
 lands into cultivation and render them valuable, 
 must he poH.s?sscd (jC the means of prt)vidinjf for his 
 immediate sustkinaiii^e while preparing his liirm for 
 future s'ipjiort : — But what man with such means, 
 logcther'with the habits of industrv requisite to suc- 
 ceed in such ah undeitaking, will voluntarily tpiit 
 tlie case and comforts of the old sett Iciacnta, "to pe- 
 netrate into the gloom of the lorcrit, in order to 8ul>- 
 .je<U himnelf to every species nf pnvation, hardship 
 ,«nH siiffermg for a iLrios of years, (Tic ullitnitu 
 bHjccl df which, tiin only be' the pos3f3oion of 
 
 that oaso and comparntivA dcgren of comfort, he 
 has led behind him? — Some very few such rcstlcas 
 and eccentric persons may indeed be sometimes 
 found ; but, with scarcely an exception, new actt- 
 lora are alike destitute ofproperty or the means of 
 subsijtonce in the open country, before they maka 
 up their minds to push their fortunes in tho woods ; 
 happy the man among these. Who has friends able 
 and willing to provide him with an axe and a few 
 weeks provisions. 
 
 If then so few of those willing to undergo tli« 
 hardsliips inseparable from the life of a new 
 settler, are able to provide themselves with even the 
 absolute necessaries of temporary existence whilo 
 preparing their lands for fhture support, how can 
 any reasonable person, suppose or believe that ac- 
 tual settlers nro to be fouiia capable of purchasing, 
 and paying for tlio fee simple of tliPir future posse*- 
 sions any price, however moderate? — 
 
 From mdi data the uxiom is simple, flfw settlements, 
 to any conalderiMe extent, cannot be effected trithoult 
 pecuniary assistance, tUherfrotn govcmmetxt, from mo- 
 nied individuals or toeatthy cumjianies — 
 
 Tho advantages and diiisadvuntages that are likely 
 to arise from tho employunient of the public money 
 in aid of extending the settlements, will be consi- 
 dered when wo come to the second part of this Ijitlo 
 treatise; — How far individualn may be benefited by 
 expending their capital in this way is a subject of 
 vast importance which I have neither tho tinie uor 
 the talent to discuss at large. It will however uo 
 permitted me to oiror a few brief hintSi For many 
 years h poor settlor on new lands must display con- 
 siderable energy to obtain from tho earth a scanty 
 supply ol the coarsest description of food for himself 
 and family. — To pay any rent or interest u|)on tlia 
 purchase mono-' of his land for the first throe or four 
 years is out of the question : — To repay the debt 
 incurred to enable him lo subsist, while preparing 
 his landibrcrops, nmst be tho work of many years 
 of patient industry; and the liqu»<lation of the pur- 
 chase inoricy of tho land he occUpies as a matter of 
 course deferred to the next geileration. 
 
 Therefore as it can seldom if ever, in this district, 
 at least, assume the appearance of a commercial 
 speculation with airy vieW of a return of capital, 
 perhaps not even of'^interest of that capitoJ, during 
 t!»e natural life of the speculator; it follows, that 
 to engage in such an undertaking as the settlement 
 of wild laml/ the cajMtalist must have some othc* 
 view than that of commercial speculation with im- 
 mediate return of capital, or simple investment of 
 surpljis funds to obtain interest on the outlay; &he 
 can have no other view, no object whatever ia 
 siiriting his capital where immediate profit is out of 
 the question, but that of crcaling an Ettale for hit 
 acscenilants.— 
 
 In the purchase and improvement of a S£ICKort« 
 ia:. object of the capitalist will be fully attained ; he 
 can -venture to invest his spare funds for the benefit 
 of his children with confidence ; his capital will be 
 safe and their inheritance secure} :— But how can all 
 
 |Ao(*.— Wefind it assort, d in the printed report of 
 the Lmigration committee tiiut all caiiadiajt stiguoriet 
 are sublet to the ccnsitaires at the rate of 7b. 8d. per 
 annum m inoney, and four minoU of whcat.as rent 
 exclusive of the casual revenues of mills, lods at 
 ventes, corv,;(,8, &c. &c. &c. Tliis must be a mis- 
 take in taking down the evidence; tlie highly res- 
 pcctable und talented Gentleman to whom it is at- 
 tributed knows, as well a, • d- . that lands en rottire 
 arc, let at all rates of inoi • v re • from 2b. Gd. to 208, 
 ond ovcnSOu., and Ihat sr.nt i-rc aubject to pnvmcnt 
 
 4 
 
 ing 
 the 
 draft 
 lyim 
 ate I 
 for ' 
 desci 
 Snrv( 
 rely i 
 ■ppo 
 ed.- 
 trictt 
 thati 
 petoi 
 scrih 
 nth 
 
( 7 ) 
 
 ThS b§ «flbotcd under the Svccage Temire ? It ia well 
 
 in wheat and other articles of country produce, and 
 •oino not. Aguiu in thenajic report wo »re infbrni- 
 •d that Canadians are deterred from Mltlinff in the 
 TownHhipRfornoo'hei reason than that of being 
 thereby deprived of the conaolatioua of religion ! — 
 thiaiduboa miHtake.— Tiic ouerouB nature of the 
 Biccage tenure foreign to all his habits and feel- 
 ings, and the txtreme cl^ffinUly, lost (\fliine and nuUui 
 expense of obtaining titles to crown lands arc objects 
 much more ealculatcd to deter a Canadian from set- 
 tUngin the Townships, than the dread of bein^ de- 
 prived of the principlcH of religion and virtue, which 
 uavo been habitual to him from liis earliest rccol- 
 Icotions.— How indeed is it at all possible foran Ao- 
 ititmt to take liindu under the trouiilesomc forma- 
 lities and UHQless restrictions now acted upon. — 
 What possible benefit or advantage can the nublic 
 derive by throwing all kinds of diiliculties, aelays 
 and expcnsie in the way of a pour man looking tor 
 a (;rant of the land he has redeemed from the forest ? 
 Can a new settler in any part of the country, even 
 in the very neighbourhood of Quebec, aflbrd to make 
 ktindredt of journcva to town, to pay agents to in- 
 struct him in tho farms of application exacted, and 
 to loait years and years again before he can obtain 
 that which might bo given to him in ten minutes 
 lime 7 — Will any man in his senses submit to all the 
 misery of constant anxiety and unceasing procras- 
 tination and disappointment on any consideration 
 whatever; if it can be so very easily avoided as it 
 may in this country, simply by making application 
 to a seignior fur a Tot in his scignor}', which can be 
 chosen on the diagram free of either expense or de- 
 lay, and in one hours tiinct at the cost >>)' a five 
 fihtlUugs, the applicant may if ho chuses pat the 
 title deed in his pocket ! 
 
 i do not object to moderate fees, let all public 
 officers be well und even handsomely paid ; but 
 1 object to tedious useless and intricated forms, 
 which inevitably ocia.iion vexatious most expensive 
 andniinoasiieiuys. — How much better would it be 
 for all partiistliat these antiquated absurdities were 
 at once swept off, and the patents for lands granted 
 uumediiitely when assigned or sold ? — .\nd on the 
 score of useless uxpunse, can any thing be more un- 
 just titun th;vl of cumpelling individuals to pay for the 
 expense of issuing patents for the crown and clergy 
 reserves 7 — Not a single grant is made, not eVcn for 
 fifty acres that two thirds of the pntoiit is not filled 
 up with describing the purtiun set aside for|thi3 church 
 «iid state. If in spite of common sense and pa6t ex- 
 perience Heservcs must be persisted in, why not 
 make out the patents for thciii apart 7 one patent 
 for the clergy and one for the crown would cer- 
 tainly be better for all the reserved land contained 
 in a Township, than s<;otterod in small portions 
 throughout the whole of the private grants, amount- 
 ing perhaps to SRVcml hundreds. Afr-'in what in 
 the name of poticnce is fo bn pained :>y having a 
 draft prepared by the Crown Officer for each & eve- 
 ry individual patent that is isgiicd, when nil of them 
 are or ought to bo identically ond prfjcisely word 
 for word the same ; excepting what ickvtes to the 
 description of the lots, Mhich is fumisiied by the 
 Surveyor General 7 If fees must bn rctiiiiicd, su- 
 rely unnocessary and expensive fomia, dclny«, dis- 
 appointments and mortiljeutions ought to bf "abridg- 
 ed. — King's Notaries are empl'^yed in all the dis- 
 tricts, and any mun of common sense must own 
 that tneso Notaries arc, or ougUl to bo quite as com- 
 petent todraw up a patent tor lands in any pre- 
 •rrihed form whatever, 4 all the Crown Officers 
 « the Etnpiic. 
 
 known tli«it in now countries wlicrc lands can h4 
 ubtained in perpetuity at very low rates, non« 
 can be leased ; no reasonable person will un- 
 dertake to improve wild land to be deprived of th« 
 fruits ol his labour the verv mumeiit that labour be- 
 comes available towards his future case and com> 
 fort ; a landlord in a town might as well oxpcct to 
 be able to lease a vacant lot of ground, whereon tho 
 tenant was bound to erect a house, to be by him 
 delivered up at the expiration of the twelve months! 
 And how is an estate to be created for futurity where 
 no rents can exist ?— It appeors then, that snccage 
 lands cannofbe sold to actual settlers, none, or at 
 all events very few such have the means of purchas- 
 ing for cash ; socca{,'e lands cannot bo leased for T, 
 14 or even 21 years, for no one woula take thoin 
 on such condition even free of rent ; — and it is bo- 
 leived by persons well versed in tho Law, that soc- 
 cage lands cnniM)t h.-gnlly be sold in free simple sub- 
 ject to any rent however sinall ; — What a dcHireuble 
 tenure lor great landholders? — u most enviable es- 
 tate for a monied man to expend hisibrtune upon ! — 
 But for argument sake let it be admitted, :ri tho 
 fttc- of hU probability, and in spite of the actual 
 experience of all Canada, that soccage lands may 
 be leased ; or vhat is perlmps more probable, 
 that some able Lawyer should discover mraiia 
 of granting the inheritance subject to <;>.iit rents 
 and mill dues ; (mutation tines under the Act of 
 Charles II, is] out of the riuestion) — ^^llat then 
 will be the , result 7 If an extensive Lutidholder 
 sells his Estate in piecemeal to actual st.'filcrs pay- 
 able by instalments in n certain number of years, 
 he must abandon all thoughts of ever being able to 
 recoil the capital : and for many years, perhaps 
 during his life, the interest will ns surely be sunk ok 
 the principal. Shoulil his descendants ever succeed 
 in obtaining ultimas? payment, it will be in such 
 inconsiderable sums and at such uncertain periods, 
 tlmt in all probability the whole will bo frittered 
 oway and entirely lost as a means of pennanent sub- 
 sistencc, and the intention of tho first proprietor, of 
 creating future permanent provision lor his fiimily, 
 thereby infallibly ajid most contpletcly frustrated. 
 
 Let it be admitted that by so;nc such means as 
 is before hinted at, the Estate may be leased at ah' 
 nual rents; — tlie least the proprietor can reasonably 
 expect should be interest for the Capita! ex- 
 pended : — Can such interest be obtained in tlm 
 simple shape of rents ? — I say no ! not in tho 
 district of Quebec.— For instance, let it bo supposed 
 "that good Linds can be purchusc<l even as low as two 
 shillings or half a dollar an acre ; that the surveys, 
 loaation fees, location duties, ])atent fees, fees of 
 all kind and almost without end, the advances to 
 settlers, Koads, Bridges, Mills, Interest of money 
 very probably for twenty years, wtste lands inca- 
 pable of cultivation, and the Very large propcit ion 
 that myst for years rcniurn unsettled, or unproduc- 
 tive if settled, arc all calculated, alluwed lor and 
 paid ; it will bo fbund that such lands cannot be 
 valued under ten shillings au acre at the very least. 
 Now allow tlmt each settlor shall hove eighty acres, 
 equal in extent to tlio usual grants in 8cir<norics, the 
 rentcf these 80 acres of laud, at suiiple interest 
 onlv, will amount to tiro ]>mmds eiglU skiUings ; — 
 will any person of exiicricnce asecrt that new settlers 
 are able to pay such rents ? — or even if Uiey Wpre,eau 
 it bo expected that they will, while they have the o|)- 
 tion of taking a seigiiorial grant of hfteen sliillings 
 rent jWJlh three years free? — Let it be obsen-ed that 
 the seignior can very w'ejl a/lord to let liis lands for 
 less than one third the Rum charged byfhis rival, & in 
 ihc cud be much letter paid ; the Lo'ds it Vfr.ksixiti 
 
 
(8) 
 
 I! 
 
 1 
 
 U^ 
 
 )ati& duM will mtk« ample CdmpMMtion for th« ap. 
 parent difference in rents. — 
 
 The capitalist who expends his money in the pur- 
 chase and improvement of a Seigniory has none of 
 these ditiicultiesto contend with ; the tenure is per- 
 fectly understood, if he fixes his rent at moderate 
 rates his Estate will be speedily settled without ex« 
 ertion on his part y he can assist his settles with 
 ■afety ; he has no occasion to load them with hoavy 
 rents ; the casual revenue, which is neither consi- 
 dered, nor indeed felt by the tenant, will fully com- 
 pensate the Landlord. These casual rents were 
 perhaps formerly, if rifforously exacted, no doubt 
 often oppressive ; now, however, ihey are senendly 
 and very properly confined to mill dues and lods et 
 ventes; mill dues, or what is technically termed 
 JBanaliU, cannot be considered in any other light 
 than as a mutual benefit to both seigniD- and ceiisi- 
 taire ; the latter must grind all the co.n produced 
 on his land, at the mill which is built and kept up at 
 the solo cost and expense of the former, while tha 
 toll is even less than is exacted in other countries, 
 where competition to the fullest extent is permitted. 
 With respect to that monstrous bug-bear, to us En- 
 glishmen, Lods tt Vtntes ; on whom does this indi. 
 lect tax fall among farmers 7 not on the steady and 
 .industrious, who transmit their pouseBsiuns from 
 father to son^ from generation to generation ; but 
 upon the rovm^ speculator, the changeable, the dis- 
 contented, the idle and the vicious 1 In lar^e Cities, 
 Towns and Villages, where the value of improve- 
 ments are ao disproportionate to the original cost of 
 the soil, and where vicissitudes in commercial deal- 
 ings exact frequent changes of property, Lodi et 
 Venle* moy perhaps in many cases become burthen- 
 isome, 4nd as sUch susceptible of modifiention. But 
 in the country, and among the cultivators of the 
 soil this unobjectionable source of rent is neither 
 felt nor coroplaii)ed of; and so very little considered 
 that I ttaiffht chaltence an instanbe of producing any 
 new settler, on wild lands, near Quebec, who would 
 voluntarily advance the amount of his annual rent 
 by a single dollar, to get rid of Lod* tt FttOa for 
 *ver. 
 
 Nor is it in the item of actual proiit alone that the 
 "condition of the Seignior is so very much supNerior 
 to the holders of aoccage lands.— -While the latter 
 assumes the functions of a mere land jobber, placed 
 upon the same level of perfect equality With the 
 Vude and uneducated labourer he has expended his 
 fortune in assisting to settle in the wilderness ; 
 ^ithcut the consideration due to seignors, perhaps 
 many of which are his inferiors in allmher respects; 
 disrespected by his dependants, Whom he must har- 
 rass to obtain e'veh a part of his dues , with his Ca- 
 bital,he buries his personal comfort & rank in Society. 
 The Seignor oii the other hand is placed in a situa- 
 tion of permanent elevation above the common la- 
 bourer or husbandman ; whatever charges may take 
 place he slill remains Seignor, nocmtitaire can dis- 
 charge himself from the obligations originally enter* 
 cd into ; — Rents, mill dues and Lods et ventes aris 
 still payable, and can neither be anticipated nor 
 dissipated before the stated term for their payment 
 'comes round; — Tho Seignor frond Father to Son 
 \et^ .kind of hereditary gentry in the country, 
 and are Ji well the firinest support of the govern- 
 ^nent uridcV Vhich thoy enjoy all their honors and 
 privilcffcs, a»\1ie rittural protectors of the cetwrtotrw 
 from whose succe^sfull industry they draw their sub- 
 sistence. § 
 
 In my last Communication f I have endeavoiiM 
 to prove, that so far as the district of Quebec ia 
 concerned, soccaga tenure does not offer the advan- 
 tages either to landlord or tenant enjoyed under V 
 the seignorial grants. I feel how feebly the attempt ' 
 has been made toiUucidato this debateablo point ;— 
 a few hinU were, however, indispensible to Ihs 
 right understanding of the subject matter under 
 consideration; they have, with all humility, been 
 ofiered for consideratloni; rather as an incitement 
 to further dispassionate inquiry by persons every 
 way better qualified for that task, than as dogma- 
 tical assertions, the offspring of party prejudice 
 and ignorant self conceit. Let a spirit or investi- 
 ^tion and research, on these and on similar sub- 
 jects of importance, be once awakened, and truth 
 will be the reward of perseverence ; whether that 
 truth shall be for or against the opinions I have 
 formed, is equally immaterial — my object in either 
 case will be attained. 
 
 The system lately adopted of selling the crown 
 lands is naturally intimately connected with any 
 proposed plan for their improvement.'*' But ex- 
 clusive of the consideration that the establishment 
 of the American mode of proceeding is so very re- 
 cent, as to preclude the public from forming any 
 fair estimate of its advantages or defects, as applied 
 to the British Colonies, I feel that these preliminary 
 observations have already much exceeded the limits 
 that ought to have been assiened to them ; and 
 must, therefore, ronctudo with offering a few ob- 
 aeryations on the plan of settlement proposed by the 
 Emigration Committee in 1826: premising however 
 that as my enquiries & observations are strictly con- 
 
 from the abolition of what has been somewhat 
 harshly & perhaps inconsiderately termed the fu»- 
 dal tyranny bf Seigniors under the old French Gov- 
 ernment — I refer to the seignorial courts of jus- 
 tice then generally prevalent in Canada. — In cri- 
 minal cases, aiid in civil actions of importance the 
 chahge has no question generally proved salutary. — 
 But in the petty actions, arising out of triffling dis- 
 putes among country people, it inay perhaps b« 
 doubted if the habilans have been greatly benefited 
 in being compelled to travel to the capital for that 
 justice formerlv administrated at their door, almost 
 eratis ; while the Seignor has Unquestionably beea 
 deprived of the exercise of a rijiht enjoyed by his 
 ancestors, of great importance to his rank and si^ 
 tuation in life, as well as of the patronage and per- 
 quisites attached Va the administration of this mi- 
 nor, but highly UsefVkll Substitute for the more ex- 
 pensive srstemb of law now resorted Ij. 
 
 * tA'c/e.— T^iis hew mode of disposing of the crown 
 lands has occasioned warm discuraions between the 
 friends and opposers of the measure. But whether 
 the sale of the waste lands is just or equitable to- 
 wards, the itatives of the country — or politic in 
 other points of view — whether it be prodiictive of 
 good or evil — I do not feel myself competent to 
 hazard an opinion : — ^The sale of the rtsenea will 
 undoubtedly be advantageous to the public. But 
 the republican and levelling system of opening the 
 crown lands for salo by retail to labourers and 
 paupers, who have neiihor the means nor the incli- 
 nation to become purchasers, and thereby extin- 
 giiifihing tho eflbrts of those who are alone able and 
 willing to undertake the setllemeiit of waste land s, 
 must be deeply regretted by all who are not irre- 
 vocably wedded to every thine, good or, bad, in 
 fashion among our Yankey neighbours. 
 
 § JCoU. — Much has bee.i said about tho advanta- 
 ges reaped by the agriculturalists of this Province 
 
 t It may here be nccossary to pxplain that this jiaper was originally publislicd in the Star by periodical 
 t^mmuiiicalions, and the present pai..plilet struck of!" from the same types— ..Vo<« hy Iht PriaUtk 
 
( 9) 
 
 /XJ IS \\\i» pBrticular part of the provinre of Lower 
 .'diiada, wiicthcr tliiit pLui of acttlcmont ia or m nut 
 applicable to any other portion of Canada, or to 
 any othitr colony, I sliall not liave tbu teuioiily to 
 jlier a single opinion. 
 
 In adopting the plan propoHcd, the committee 
 appears, in some degree, to havo boon giiidud by the 
 experiments made in the years 1823 and 1825, under 
 the direction of tlio honuuruble Peter Robinson, 
 which are declared to havo been complotely suc- 
 ci^ssful. 
 
 About 3500 persons are collected in Ireland, sent 
 out to Quebec, and thuncu to the place assign^ 
 cd for settlement, where every want is supplied to 
 tlieni in prolusion ; the ioliole at the txpenae i^ the 
 Briliih Gmemmtnl, amounting to £ll0 7s. 6d, fur 
 each family, of which about £72 was advanced to 
 them after location on their lands ! No repayment 
 or return whatever, in \ art or in whole, cither for 
 these very heavy advances, or for the price of the 
 choice lands assigned to Iheni, beinir either expect- 
 ed or intended. Strange, indeed, itsuch an under- 
 taking should have terminated unsuccessfully ! 
 
 But as the object of the committee was to device 
 and propose a plan of emi<!rution, involving no 
 ultimate loss of capital, I confusb that it does not 
 clearly appear how the very expensive experiment 
 in question, could bo bruught to bear uimiii the 
 measure in contemplation — neverthelcHs upon this 
 basis the whole superstructure is .vised. 
 
 \/ev) witnesses are examined as to the most eli- 
 gible method of efl'ecting settlements in the woods 
 of Canada ; of these witnesses one, or two at most, 
 appear to have had any really practical experience 
 in the business uiHer consideration, the otners are 
 residents in cities or towns, entirely unconnected 
 M'ith the oucupation of settling wild lands. It is to 
 be regretted tliatal! of them are persons of high res- 
 pectability in society, thereby adding the weight 
 of their names and intluunce to opinions upon sub- 
 jects entirely foreign to their usual avocations. 
 Many of these sentlemen, in all probabihty, never 
 paid for chopping down an acre of wood land in 
 their lives, perhaps never liad an opportunity of seO" 
 ing the commencement and progress of converting 
 a forest into arable Und, even in one single solitary 
 instance. 
 
 Upon such evidence as this, a p/on ia projected ; 
 and to make sure work of it, a set of qiterits are 
 drawn up, not to obtain more information but mere- 
 ly to support the plan ; these queries are presented 
 to the same witnesses, in the form of what lawyers 
 term leading questions — of course the answers, as 
 may easily be anticipated are almost all atiirma- 
 tives. 
 
 Out of the eleven queries, so proposed, two only, 
 the 2d and 4th have any very direct reference to the 
 subject under consideration — viz. the moat econo- 
 mical means of effecting new settlenients. 
 
 The second query proposes (if confirmed by the 
 answer required) that the sum of £6(i 1 33. 4d. be 
 advanced to each family of new settlers aflcr their 
 arrival at Quebec, to enable them to proceed to 
 their lands, and effect a settlement thereon, — in 
 manner as follows : 
 
 I^xpence of conveyance from Quebec to ) 
 place of location, I 
 
 Provmons viz, /or fifteen months, for 1 i 
 man and 1 woman, at lib. flour and I 
 lib. pork daily, and three children )Ib. } 40 6 10 
 each, making 3^ rations daily, pork ut I 
 SOa. and flour at 25s. per barrel. J ' 
 
 Fr<'i»ht of provitiions (o plaor iifsetikiiieiit 
 Moutie lor each fuiiiily, 
 
 IMPLEMKNTS. 
 
 4 blankets 14s., kettle n». lud., 1 fix ing 
 pan IH, 3d., 3 hoes 4s. KJ., t spade ii!. 
 tid., 1 wedse Is. 4d., 1 aujier -28. 'id., 
 1 pick axe 2?., i a.xfls 20s., proportion 
 of whipsawand (;>rind8tone, niul cross 
 cut saw I4s., freight and charges to 
 Quebec, 15 /itr cent, in all ii 18s. 
 sterling, or, 
 
 Cow 'Mb., medical attendance iOti., seed 
 corn Is. (id., potatoes 5 bushels at 28 
 (id. is 12!>. Gd. (for seed 7) proportion 
 of expenne of building dep6t 2Us, 
 clerks, issuers, surveyors, tfic. &.c.25s. j 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 4 () 4 
 
 ;[ 
 
 9 9 
 
 10 
 
 Total for each fomiiy of five persons, cur- 
 rency, £60 13 4 
 
 Now, however, applicable and necessary thi4 
 very lengthy and expensive list may be for no'.v 
 selili'i:: \\i 'vm>'jv Caiiailn, 1 think tli;it it will not bo 
 very dithcuil 10 prove lliat lustoad uf an outlay m 
 cash of jgBG 13. 4d. augmented, as it is proposed to 
 be, by many years interest to fSS ITs. 6d ! for caeli 
 pauper family that is to Ijc settled ; the judicioiiA 
 application of, perhaps, less than met ruth pm-t of the 
 sum, would be much more ellicaeiniis in elVeilinjj 
 the object proposed, at least in the district uf 
 Qiiebeo. 
 
 The first itom of if 10 may with great propriety 
 bo| left entirely out of the schedule, or if rctuined^re- 
 duced to ten shillings at most ; few if any emigrant!* 
 arrive at Quebec so perfectly destitute as to be un- 
 able to support themselves while travelhug some 
 10 to 15 leugues to their location; if any such 
 should apply, it will not be difficult to provide 
 themselves with the means by a few days labour 
 at Quebec, always obtainable in the summer sea 
 son. 
 
 The 1 5 moii/Aj prw/si'oiM may with perfect safe- 
 ty be reduced to three months, and instead of sol- 
 diers' rations of fine flour and /jort (a very expen- 
 sive kindof food not much relished by £inig>'anf3 
 from Europe), substitute oatmeal or coarse flour, 
 potatoes, salted fish and a little butter ; by which 
 means the j£'40 6 10 will be reduced to aomewhat 
 less than one eighth part of that sum, — This is to 
 be efiected by having 2 to 3 acres of land cleared 
 and planted fur each family ready to take possession 
 o*" tno whole cost of which will not exceed £7 or 
 a£8 — Upon the whole upwards of two thirds may ba 
 deducted from this very heavy iiem of food, and 
 the settler being sooner letl to his own resources, 
 will more readily acquire the energy requisite to 
 enable him to succeed. 
 
 The next item of 308 lOd for It-anspoirt of provisi- 
 ons to the place of settlement, may be saved alto •• 
 gelb'" if, nsl propose, measures are taken topro< 
 duee provisions in the settlement by the properly 
 directed labour of tho new settlers themselves. 
 
 The charge of 40a. for a haiise is perhaps a fair 
 one, if it has neither roof, floor, door or window ! — 
 but may be reduced one half, by making one housq 
 serve for two families ; a meosurc of economy very 
 freqticntly adopted by -new settlers tho first year. — 
 If they disagree they will have ample time during 
 a long winter to lodge themselves better ; — taking 
 care to stipulate that the family who retains th? 
 House, that is to say on whose land it may hap- 
 pen to be, shall either pay one half the coisi in casl) 
 or produce, or assist in building another house fox 
 the party ejected,— This saving will more than d«« 
 
( 10 ) 
 
 1\' 
 
 f.ay the expense of hiring a stove, which although 
 totally omitted in the furcgoinj iung hsi, is never 
 tiiuleia one ot'tlte most indiapenaible articles a new 
 settler has to provide. 
 
 I'lie appropriation of £t 6 8 for tools, inay 
 Very fairly be reduced to I7s. fid. for which 
 euni the settler will obtain two country made axes, 
 and two hoes, also two English sickles, which in 
 the way of tools will bo of more use to him than all 
 that is proposed in the list. — English, or even Cana- 
 dian, town made axes, hoes ana pickaxes arc per 
 fectly useless to a Canadian Farmer, both as to 
 shape and quality; not one in iifly possess or 
 have any use tor a spado in the woods ; wedges, 
 augers, srindslonos and pickaxes are so seldom re- 
 quired, tnat two or three of each will bo sutficieat 
 for a whole sottlemsnt ; while the expence charged 
 fur the use of the whip and cross cut saws will very 
 nearly bo sudicient to build a saw-mill ; blankets, 
 kettles and frying pans can easily be dispensed with, 
 as almost all emigrants have sufficient houseltold 
 goods to servo for a year or two. 
 
 A cow to a now settler is rather an incumbrance 
 than productive of any advantage ; it would be 
 somewhat easier to keep cows on Red Island shoal 
 than iu the woods, in the portion of the country I 
 have mentioned, where two years or more must 
 elapse before a single blade of grass can be pro- 
 duced. 
 
 Medical attendance and mcdecinc, are no doubt 
 very necessary in the unhealthy swamps bordering 
 on the Great Lakes of Upper Canada, but any ad- 
 vance to new settlers in the District of Quebec, 
 on this score is quite useless ; in many of our old 
 parishes neither Doctors aor Medicines are requir- 
 ed, or to be found. 
 
 The quantity of seed proposed must be intended 
 for soils and climates much more productive than 
 Canada ; IsGd will perhaps purchase a peck of 
 seed wheat, wnich, to produce enough to allow a 
 family barely to exist with the help of potatoes, &c. 
 and save next years seed, must return from 80 to 
 90 for one !!— in lieu of 5 bu8hels,~12 will be re> 
 quired to plant an acre of potatoes, the very least 
 a family can subsist on, where, as in all tlie re- 
 cent new establishments, potatoes form the chief 
 part of the food for several years. 
 
 Dep6t keepers, clerks, issuers, &c. &c. &<:. a 
 whole host of entirely useless leaches with their 
 consequential delays, formalities, ceremonies and 
 absurdities, must be banished from all plans of this 
 nature, if ever expected to succeed. One person 
 only a superintendent, ought to be emploved ; but 
 his emoluments should be made dcpcnaant upon 
 the successful issue of the undertaking he will bo 
 intruste^to conduct. 
 
 Tha next part, and not the least interesting is 
 the prospect of repayment of the large advance of 
 £Si 17 6 fur each family ; this forms the pith of 
 the 4th query, answered as usual, but with perfect 
 truth, that there can be no doubt entertained about 
 the advances being well and truly paid* and made 
 good— Ip (a plague upon all iff) " if the endgrmPs 
 improvement! on hit lot shall be teorth the turn advan- 
 ced' — it IB but justice to remark that the witnesses 
 are extremely guarded in their replies to this most 
 ticklish question ; some even express hesitation and 
 doubt respecting the value of the improvements ; — 
 And well they m ay !t 
 
 t Mole. — Let it be supposed that an Emigrant 
 just arrived, and consequently totally unacquainted 
 with the business of a Batk'toooda man, is able to 
 
 Of this sum, let it be remarked tliat the totil pi. 
 cipal, together with upwai da of twelve months in- 
 terest thereon, amounting, in all, to nearly £70, is 
 to be advanced to the settler in the course of the 
 first fifteen months ; will any experienced person 
 bo made to believe, that the lauour of an omi. 
 giant upon a new farm, fur the first 12 or 15 months, 
 would bo of that value as to nett to government 
 upon a forced sale the sum of £70, if that emigrant 
 (finding all further advances at an end) shoulusub- 
 scquontly abandon it ? Is it at all probable, is it 
 even possible that it could nett half of that sum ? 
 Nay, further still, will it evbr, in ant time, and 
 
 BT ANT MANAAEMBNT, BRINO BACK TO THE GOVERN- 
 MENT COFPEHS AN EIGHTH OR TrNTH PART OF THE 
 SDM ADVANCED TO THE EMIGRANT, aS propoScd by 
 
 the second Query. 
 
 So much fur the security so confidently relied up- 
 on for the repayment of tne proposed advances. — 
 Let us now enquire whether the ultimate object of 
 cfllicting the scttliiiiiant will be secured, after the 
 sacrifice of these enormous sums of money. 
 
 The faith, honor and gratitude of emigrant paupers, 
 are items on the credit side of the account much 
 insisted on ; it will not, however, require the gid of 
 prophecy to foretell which scale will preponderate, 
 when in contrast to these high sounding attributes 
 are opposed the more solid considerations of self 
 interest and inclination. Interest or supposed in- 
 terest, is the primum mobile of all mankind, in one 
 shape or another ; by the rich man in search of ho- 
 nour and distinctions, faith, honor and gratitude, are 
 to be kept in view no doubt, it is his interest so to 
 do; but It is altogether otherwise with the poor and 
 uneducated pauper struggling for daily bread, — 
 Pitueis carior eatjida quam pecunia. 
 
 After the new settler has got potitssion of the eath 
 to proceed to his land, the provisions, the various 
 necessaries and implements named, and the cow ; 
 by what particular strong interest is it proposed to 
 
 cut down, grubb up, bum ofT, clear of stones, and 
 sow five acres of land in the course of the first 1 5 
 months ; and if he does this together with other in> 
 dispcnsible labour incident to his situation as a new 
 settler, he will do well ; what will be the value of 
 his labour on these 5 acres after the fiist crop has 
 been obtained from the land 7 Certainly not more 
 than one half of the cost of clearing, which may be 
 estimated at something like SOs. an acre, that is to 
 say five pounds for the five acres ; this will at th« 
 very utmost be the whole value of his improvements, 
 adding perhaps 8 to 10 dollars for his Hut, aller all 
 the advances have been made. To realize this, 
 moreover the land must not be suAbred to lie idle ; 
 if it does, weeds impossible to eradicate, wild 
 cherries and raspberries will presently overrun it, 
 and totally destroy all future hopes of any crop 
 whatever until! the stumps are removed, at an ex- 
 pence of £4 or S5 an acre, and the soil made fit 
 for ploughing. Every practical Farmer is wull aware 
 that lands tli.it has been burned ofTand subsequent- 
 ly neglected and suffered to run to weeds are much 
 less valuable, than those upon which not a single 
 tree has been felled. The first crop from new lands 
 is generally considered as nearly if not fully worth 
 the expence of clearing, and at least double the value 
 of all that can afterwards be obtained before it is 
 ploughed. 
 
 The discontented but enterprising settler having 
 secured and realized this first crop, will not have 
 very many temptations to remain and subject him- 
 scli to the payment of a heavy load of debt. 
 
( l» ) 
 
 'I ..iid turn to Ilia locstian, and to hardluiottr fur many 
 years ? i9 it the certainty of having £"4 pnr annum 
 to pay during the remainder ut° his natural life in 
 re-imburseinent of provisiona conxumud in one 
 oeaaon 7 or ia it the value of his improvements ? 1 
 thnik it has been fairly proved that the produce of 
 the first crop, the implenqents and the cow, will be 
 fully equivalent to the value of all the labours that 
 can possibly be expended on tlinne irnprovutnents, 
 and niay l>o very easily removed or ainpoHt'd of, 
 thereby moreover oA'oring the temptation of a fund 
 to enable him to settle more independantly else- 
 where. Will any reasonable person of the least 
 experience aaaert that a new settler will voluntari'y 
 subject himself to the impossible tusk of paying 
 £66 17 6 and pass his wnule life in the hopehsi 
 attainment, a slave to unremitting toil of the se- 
 verest nature, in order to accomplish such an under- 
 taking ; when he can clear liimEsIf of U>e whole, 
 simply by deserting so much misery ? 
 
 Advances to settlers of any tliinv of a rpoveable 
 nature, beyond what theif daily labour pays for, 
 must surely have the effect of getting them in debt ; 
 and in this case like n)ost others approaches to dis- 
 sipation and consequent dishonesty, ily aqve te pri- 
 mer pa* qfu coute : keep them clear of debt and tlipy 
 will in time beconte anxious to avoid it, but once 
 permanently in your books for food, their sole cure 
 will be to continue there ; what are the inevitable 
 consequences 7 ceasing to be free from debt, they 
 very soon ge( rid of the desire of becoming so ; and 
 trusting that they will have always in luture the 
 Banie t^ciHtics of obtaining their wants without 
 payment, as they have hitlierto experienced, they 
 as a mere matter of course become tirst idle and then 
 vicious — the small portion of industry and inde- 
 pendent feeling they may have previously possesHed, 
 M thus early damped, and then finally lost. Con- 
 tinued perseverance in hard labour can only be ex- 
 cited by a future and not very distant prospect of 
 independence and ease, it ran only be kept alive by 
 absolute and daily necesjity ; by getting in debt, 
 both the one anu the other of these motives are 
 destroyed ; for as long as the settler can obtain cre- 
 dit he will be in no immediate want, while at the 
 aametime as he incurs debt every future prospect of 
 independence must inevitably be extinguishea. 
 
 The result will be diflcrent according to the cha- 
 racters of the debtors ; the industrious and enter- 
 prising that mtiy be inveigled into the snare, ever 
 sanguine in their expectations, will probably be the 
 first to discover the utter hopelessness of their un- 
 dertaking; ; and becoming at first discouraged, then 
 discontented and finally indiflerent about their land, 
 will take care to exuend no more labour on it than 
 can be made immeuiately available, till having col- 
 lected, realized and secureil "very thing moveable at 
 their command, their fLitu, nonor, gratitude and 
 debt are got rid of together by a move over tlu lines : 
 while the thoughtless and the lazy, as a great pro- 
 portion of paupers are, will probably remain on the 
 lots assigned to them, depending on '■'our bounty as 
 long as any thing is to be obtained by begging ; 
 aided perhaps by the shew of some trifling exertions 
 at farming, producing just barely safiicient to keep 
 soul and body together ; as unmindful of the day 
 of payment as of that of his death, the seventh 
 year will find him just as much unprepared to reim' 
 bune a single dollar of his debt, as the first. 
 
 PART SECOND. 
 
 In the preceeding part of this paper I have en- 
 dMvourea to descnbe the country, more iinniediate- 
 
 ly referred to, and to pomf out the re»Jons y,\,\ct\ 
 have ho.-etoloie operated la rtiqrdiag its sitilfiiieni , 
 the advantages and diBaii.aniug.s of tlie siignoiisi', 
 and free and common xoccn;,'e tenure ; also a levy 
 brief remarks on the plan ol seitlumcnl tecQW- 
 mended by the Select Coiiimitite ..t tlie Commqus 
 House ot I'arhment, in 1^20. Havniji oontlude^ 
 these preliminary observations, I may now prpcted 
 to the explanation of tho 
 
 I have ventured to propose, for the more eirictuaj 
 and oecononiieal settlemont of the wasli! lands : — 
 
 III order to render this plan sqjccpiible of the 
 most satisfactory mutheinatiral demonstration, and 
 aliio of aflording the means of establishing thu truth 
 of the theory advanced when put into practical opr. 
 ration, or of detecting its errors ut a sin^'lc glunco, 
 should any such be found. I have digested tlid 
 whole proposed operation into Tables; where Iho 
 miinitost particulars are explained and accounted 
 for, while the fi'ial result of the whole, or of any 
 particular brunch of the undertaking, may he ascei 
 tamed in a few minute.^. 
 
 These tables are the fruit of several years e:(pe 
 rionce, and of more than twelve months unremitted 
 luliour ; in their construction, I have availed luvself 
 of all the information I could obtain from practical 
 (i^A /armors in this district. Much of this informa- 
 tion has been contradictory in minor details, 
 and in reconciling them to each other, some little 
 discrepancies nmy have escaped my notice ; but I 
 trust that no errors of any importance have been 
 made ; and none that shall be found to militate 
 against the general principles of the plan proposed 
 The errors that may have been committed, wil) 
 most readily be detected ; ns the plan has been ex- 
 plained in the fullest detail, with the view, that 
 should it be fortunate enough to attract any share of 
 the public attention, the means of establishing or 
 controverting what is proposed might be j^t hand. 
 
 ('''rom what has been advanced in the fornter ppF- 
 tion of this essay, I trust it will be seen that soccage 
 tenure is unfavourable to the speedy jettlem^nt of 
 wild lands in this district ; and if prejudice could be 
 banished as easily as it may be detected, tlie des- 
 cription of my plan would bo exceedingly sjmple^ 
 wholly comprised in these few words — 
 
 " Renounce the soccage tenure in places, like tlia 
 " greater portion of the district ol Quebec, where it 
 " it is inopplica'ile ; restore the ancient system of 
 " conceding lands to such as prefer it ; and grant aa 
 " many seignories of two leagues square aa you can 
 " find enterprising individuals able and wilting top 
 " undertake their settlement," 
 
 But as, in affairs of this importance, the opinions 
 of the most powerful, and the arguments of tha 
 most enlightened might fall very much short of con- 
 vincing those who have long been accustomed ter 
 intertain other views, I cannot flatter myself that 
 the unsolicited testimony of an obscure individual, 
 altho' backed by many years experience, will be> 
 much attended to, especially when clothed |n the 
 very humble garb that mine must assume; so situate 
 I shall endeavor to explain in as few words as pos- 
 sible the plan I have projected for the settlement of 
 forest lands held under the Free and coH>{0!< Soc 
 CAGE tenure. 
 
 The main obstacle to the rapid progress of all r^evf 
 Bcttlements arises from the poverty of the first ad- 
 venturers, and their inability to support themselves 
 while carrying on the improvements 'equisitp tQ 
 produce the first crop.— As this material facf hsf 
 
 W.' 
 
 U( 
 
 • 
 
( 12 ) 
 
 II 
 
 btreikdy been explained and accountml for, besides 
 bvina vuty gvnviMy admiitnd, it m only necessary 
 to add that to point out how this difficulty may be 
 most easily rumoved, and with tliu least possible 
 cxponue to tbo Public, is the object ol'ihe plan I now 
 propose. 
 
 Upon inspection of tlie tables, the plan oflbred 
 will probably be found susruptiblo of universal ap- 
 plication ; and well adapted to attain the object in 
 view, whether it may bo put into operation under 
 the auspices of (-iuverumcnt, or by the cflbrts of in- 
 dividual CupitnliHts or Companies. 
 
 But without udverting to the paucity of uncm< 
 ployed capital to bo found in Canada, it must be 
 at once apparent that the only object of Capitalists 
 in speculaii4ns of this nature, would be profit, in 
 the shape of rash returns, at no distant period ; any 
 unctoi'tainty upon such results, would, of neceasity, 
 stifle the undertaking: — whereas the main point 
 to be attained, if undertaken by Qoveminent, 
 would be the speedy settlement of the country, — if 
 this can be eflbctcd, any triffline diflerenoe between 
 the cstimateei and actual cxpenaiture would compa- 
 ratively speaking, be of very little importance. 
 
 The improvement of the value of the lands adjacent 
 to the experimental localioi, would in all probability 
 fully comnensate Uovcrnmcnt for all possible 
 crrnra in calculation, while to individuals this could 
 yeild no renumcration. Moreover it is probable 
 that the plan mi^ht be more etfuctually, as well as 
 more (ceonomicttlly put into operation by Govern- 
 ment, inasmuch as the decree of discipline, order 
 and regularity absolutely necessary to control and 
 direct the combined cflbrts of a whole settlement, 
 could only be established and maintained under the 
 sanction of public authority. 
 
 For these reasons it is to be assumed, that the 
 plan proposed is to be put to the test of experimen- 
 tal proof, under the immediate direction ol the Pro- 
 vincial Uovernmunt, and at the public expence. 
 
 These preliminaries admitted, (too moKles of ena- 
 bling emigrants or other poor persons to settle upon 
 Forest Lands, present tneniaelves to our notice. 
 
 'V'lif: first, that of making advances to the settler 
 in ensii or necessaries, to be repaid in cash from 
 the produce of his future exertions : — This is the 
 scheme proposed by the Emigration Committee, 
 and which I trust it has already been shewn, in 
 the preceding part of this paper, must unavoidably 
 be every way unsuccessful! : Not only will the 
 enormous amount of advances proposed be wholly, 
 or almost wholly, sunk and lost ; but it ia moreover 
 much to be feared tliat the end in view, tliat of 
 fettling' the country, will as certainly be frustrated. 
 
 The second is that of alTgrding the settler labour 
 near to his location, as the means of providing 
 himself with the necessaries of life, while his Farm 
 ia unproductive ; And this is the plan now propo- 
 sed, which I shall endeavour to explain, ahd illuci- 
 datfl by the following (a6/<5 : — However feeble and 
 inadequate the ultenipts may be, as I feel it must, 
 yet it will at all events possess the merit of being 
 for the first time offered to the pul)lic in a tangible 
 shape ; a.id may pave the way to future en(]uiries, 
 and consequent further discoveries in this all impor- 
 tant branui of political economy in the western 
 World. 
 
 In situations where public works arc in operation, 
 no Jilliculty will exist as to the means of providing 
 labour for those who may thereby be induced and 
 enabled to take wild land and settle in the imme- 
 diate vicinity : — But as public works must neces- 
 sarily be restricted to very small portioits of the 
 Buiiace of a new country ; aud these portioos per- 
 
 haps not th'' moHt desirable, if at all calculated iL^i. 
 new settlements ;— .other means must be devised 
 and resorted to ; means susceptible of applicatioi' 
 to all parts of the Province, independant of the ca ' 
 sual resource derived from labour on public works , 
 —-means permanent in their nature, easily compre- 
 hended and as easily put into execution ; not only 
 without injury, compared with other plans of settle- 
 ment, but with great and manifest advantage to the 
 individual settler ; with a ver^ trifling burthen to 
 the public chest in the way of loan, and with no ul- 
 timate cost. — These means I believe I have discov- 
 ered, and will now endeavour to explain. 
 
 Let it be assumed that a tract of Land about se- 
 ven miles square, containing something over 300t]0 
 acres, is set apart for an experiniental settlement;— 
 In the center of this tract reserve 1000 to 1200 acres 
 for Village lots, schools, churches, mills, &.c. and 
 a large Public Farm : the remainder may bo laid 
 out in lots of70 acres upon ranges fronting each 
 other, with one main road for both,— Grant one 
 half of Ihes? lota, either gratis, or at very low rates, 
 to pauper setthrs ; let the other half bo reserved for 
 the acquaintances and friends of the first scttlers,wha 
 as the settleineni progresses will be well able to 
 pay a much better price | these reserved lots should 
 front the others, by which means they will bo quil« 
 as rapidly settled as what has been granted at 
 lower rates; — for a settler possessing means will not 
 advance towards the end of a newly opened line 
 of scttlemont, to take lands even for iiothin)!, if he 
 can at all obtain them nearer hand— I would pro- 
 pose that the lands should not be sold, but granted 
 subject to certain quit rcnts,redeeniable on the pay- 
 ment of a stipulated sum,^and allowing three or 
 four years to elapse before tlio quit rents were 
 demanded. 
 
 Upnji this principle allow one thousand acres to 
 be reserved for the public purposes above mentioned, 
 and three thousand acres more for incultivateable 
 wastes ; if one half of the remainder is valued at 
 Is. 3d. per acre, this will amount to £4 7s. 6d. per 
 lot fur the pauper settlers, whose annual rent would 
 consequently be only 5s. 3d. The other half would 
 be very readily disposed of, and settled as soon as 
 the first, by their families or friends, or other indi- 
 viduals, possessed of means, at the rate of Ss, 6d. 
 per acre, or £» 15s. per lot, yielding a yearly rent of 
 lOs. 6d. : Allowinir, moreover, that jf 187 IDs. is swal- 
 lowed up in parent fees, &c. ! still the land would bo 
 disposea of, at the nett valuation of Is. 6d. per 
 acre; which, without fear of refutation, I may take 
 upon myself to assert, is fully double the price 
 that can be be obtained for any large tract of land 
 in this district, taking the average of the good and 
 bad portions. 
 
 Where the lands are of more value, additional 
 price may of course be exacted from the settler, equi- 
 valent to the additional value of the soil. 
 
 Having obtained and divided my land, the next 
 object will be to show in what manner I p.ouose to 
 provide labour for the settlers, so as to enable them 
 to purchase provisions while theii own farms are 
 unproductive. 
 
 One of the means by wliich tliis is to be cflTccted 
 is by the opening and cultivating the large PtMie 
 Ftom before mentioned ; the surplus productions 
 of which would, as proved by the tables, be found 
 amply sufficient to afi<>rd provisions on the spot to 
 such as needed that kind of assistance, exclusive of 
 what may be sold for cash to those more able to pa^*. 
 On first openinga wildernessfor settlement, no'iC will 
 be found willing to go there but such as cannot liva 
 elsewhere ; these persons having no previous funds, 
 
( i:j ) 
 
 I P^ A r t .fJftiVYili.-" iif olitiiirilil;,' t'i>"il HI I'Xi iMDge 
 
 I .iieir B|'iiri l.iliiiiir, i>iuM(li(l (or lliini ii|joii ilie 
 
 not ; liut us ihc iutlluiiiuiit |)iii!.ric«se.s,i.iiui) uiIh.th 
 
 ' olTr th'-ui-olvt's jxuHiSMiiii; the hichiih ol pri)- 
 
 ig for tlicii ijiimidiato Biiljiiiatt'in'i' ; "t iUv U uh:, 
 
 /Vr llic trii'iid.- of tlmHt! ulii:;uly (irlllod, or i.llirr^, 
 
 .ixious to obtain <lii'a|i luiiils in a part of llic <>iiin- 
 
 try to a c M-taiu licfjn-e inliiil>itucl : tliH iiillnx of 
 
 tlit'80 Inst, i liiive c'MiMtnntly fouiid to bo [irojioitioii- 
 
 ute lotlu: si'i'i ;;i.-< proiUKc in new sctilpinHni.* ; nml 
 
 «iiilv clincki'il by tbe illlp■<^Hll)ility ol' pmi-niiiif: wul'- 
 
 liciiMit suiiplics of tlie bulliier lui'l clu-ai"'' Hiiiili'» 
 
 v( provision on thn spot ;— u| on ibis I'xprrencu I 
 
 baviMissinnwl, Ibut ull tbcfurpliis provisions tbfpuit- 
 
 lie fiiun can possibly bo )n;uii; to proiliioo, will liiid a 
 
 toady n»Hrlii!t in tin; 9illl:Nti;Mit lUolf, iit lUo highest 
 
 pricea ttttuiii!ii)l<) in tbo nciiiidxiiirhood 
 
 Tlic otb'.'r sonrco M' lal>uiir I liavi; to propose, is 
 to arise (Voin prejmrins imd sowing a certain qnmitily 
 of It-.nd for e;)i'b guoceHsivo unnuul set of new sul- 
 tiers, in reudinuHS to be assiifned to tbuni on their 
 nrrival in the seltlenionl. The first set will eatli 
 be provide<l witb from SJ to 3 acres of land 
 tlnared and sowed with potatoes and wheat, toijotiier 
 with a :jbure of a liouse budl so as to accomodatt! two 
 families witb a. temporary lo(l;;iii£r ; in return fur 
 which they will respectivoly provide similar cstub- 
 lishnientsfor siicceedinj» wet* of settlers ; By wliich 
 means admittinj; that an Krnijjrant proceeds to his 
 location in tiiu months of .Ume or .luly, he will find 
 n House reiidv to receive his famdy, and a crop in 
 thegronod fo'r his subsistence duriny the winter; 
 In addilJoM. he will re(iuireoidy a fiiW simple tools 
 and about three mouths provisions, to bo provided 
 by advane<!S from government ; Having his own 
 rrop nlreiidy in the ground, he will be enabled diir- 
 iiijr the tirs't tliree months to devote nearly the 
 wiiole of his labour towards the rrpuyment ot 
 tiie benetits bestowed on him ; and if, (iuiini; this 
 period, found la/y or vinous, he can hi turned 
 adrift, «uhout uiiy loss to liie F' ttl.-.iaeni, u.'kI !i;-' 
 farm and crop assigned to a more worthy ;•••:' •:•.. If, 
 in tho course of tlie first winier and spring, the now 
 comer can only cut down one additional acre for 
 potatoes for himself, over and above the very mo- 
 derate portion of labour required to repay his debt, 
 wlijch will bo rendered at such periods as ho can 
 most easily spare, he will next year have sufficient 
 land cleared to enable him to maintain liis family, 
 from its produce 
 
 The superior advantages of this system will bo 
 very apparent ; Before any material advances are 
 made, or any risk of loss incurred, the habits and 
 character of the adventurer will be ascertained : 
 By having the direction and control of his labour for 
 the first year, it can bo employed on such work 
 upon the public farm as he has heretofore been ac 
 customed to, while he will be gradually acquiring, 
 from his fellow labourers, a knowledge of cutting 
 down, clearing off; and other kinda of work pecu- 
 liar to his new mode of life. And lastly, it is found 
 by experience, that emigrants in particular, are out 
 to trifle with their time, when not particularly 
 pressed by their neccBsities. Finding themselves, 
 perhaps for tho first time, their own masters 
 and entirely uncontrouled, many will bo little 
 inclined to set steadly to work on their new farms 
 while any little means they may possess holds out ; 
 some weeks, in the most valuable period of the year, 
 are thus fieqttently lost, while the settler is idling 
 away the time in hunting or tishing : On the other 
 hand, if work is provided for him before hand, ho 
 must either apply seriously to it or leave the set- 
 tlemeot ; reguwtity will abundantly conpenaatc' for 
 
 I any OiJr.iury sd iiii'Mi" In | iniiir? imlT. (hI tjt r 
 lioii , and the tumljliied und prupiiiv dt<i,vi<Al 
 effciu* ot' a whiih coimiMiiiity, u.liiijj uiid«r oi.% 
 ht'tul (f;r a luiiilt'il piriud) will puMui. ^ iidimiely 
 more ailvuiitufie than the ilei,ilt(y ellljils nf Id. 
 Iidiireii^ iiiMiccu;n!.iiieii to, uiid lyiiorsiil of ijie rt'ork 
 they have to perlonii 
 
 Kiiially, itii to be taken fur I'raiitei!, usa^ienu. 
 inl print ip!', that lubulir of all kinds is <- In: valmd 
 ai eiirdiii;; to tiie quantum of Work ii> iliji ii,ci|, ,^,i,{ 
 not by tin; liini- that individuals may icptne tu pro. 
 Ui. .e that quaiiliiiii 
 
 In all public undertakiiit's it will be found of cs- 
 s'Mitial importuiice to the favorable rcsulr, iliit 
 tliose who are to be theimmidiale instruio. nli* c.(j' 
 C'.irryii)!.' the obji.'ets decided upon iiit" active upi'. 
 ration, should be reiiiunnati'd i'l pro[ioiiioii to then 
 H.^ivirH'S ; and remlereil, iis dieply aH possible, in- 
 tere.-iti'd in thu ultiinale sni-cess of the mi'asiirea 
 which have been entrusted to ihiirsupcjiuteiulaiic.', 
 
 I shall, therefore, presume t!:attlie person iutiusl. 
 ed \uth the active duties of cairyinj.' the jjlaii 1 pro- 
 pr:*! into operaliuii, should liiiiiseif he a pructiciil 
 man, to a certain dej/n e ; able to direct and iiia, 
 najre the eullivulioii of the public farm, as well iii 
 to 3uperi;ileiid 'die procressive setti nient lit' t! o 
 township; that he should moreover become a u.'i-. 
 iiianeiit resident in (he place, and be of such deciit 
 rcHpectahihty as to be safely riilriwlid wllh that 
 ile^ree of aulhorily ever llie seltleis, as will be rt>- 
 quisite to secure the due excciilioii of tie.' tilijeels ii| 
 view. Ifcircmnslaiiees will not iieriiiil hiiu tu b i 
 placed on a level with seiirnors und"r the mnieai 
 tenure, he should, at nlf event?, bo put in a siln.ilio.i 
 to become the first man in his township ,- -If it it 
 unadviseable to aflbrd him a handsome leinniieKi. 
 tion for his services by way df salary, he mi^dit bj 
 offered a comfortable independence, or lailiur, pt-,- 
 haps, a permanent home, and a dccenl sutisis. 
 tance at the expiration of lus public enga<;ei(ieiit, 
 proviiled that his conduct sbnii he timnd to nie.it 
 it ; and that his views arc liiuitL:d to such nvi(l;rjln 
 provision, within the bounds of the seitl-im iii, 
 which has been cr^'uled under his care and good 
 conduct, ns may be granted without detriinrnt lu 
 the public, and without inconvenience to tho set> 
 tiers 
 
 With this view I would propose that the salary of 
 thu superintendant should not exceed a bare sub- 
 sistance : Exclusive of a proportion of the provi- 
 sions produced by the public farm, I would allow 
 him £'i 10s. in cas!i, for every fumdy settled under 
 his supcrintendance, v.rhich, if tho settieineiil n 
 conducted on the plan recommended, might ba 
 estimated at from itiO to £75 per annum, lor the 
 first seven years ; also, for the sanie period, four 
 days labour annually from each family, and subsc. 
 quently, in lieu thereof, one bushel of wheat ;— vvnlj 
 the first i:o might supply himself and family with 
 clothing and necessaries 'for the period limited; 
 with the second prepare and complete his farm for 
 cultivation, by the time that his public engagements 
 had ended ; while the last would in some ineasura 
 supply the loss of his salary and ensure a decent 
 subsistonoo to his descendants. Moreover at tha 
 expiration of his public services I would make over 
 to him the public farm, and Banal mill (which tha 
 settlers should be bound to give a preference to), 
 together with the advantages that might arise from 
 tho disposal of village lots, and a gratuity of £100, 
 or some such sum, as an indemnity for the trou. 
 ble of winding itp and closing the accounts of the 
 settlement ; or in lieu of "ly specihc Bum, a pej'» 
 
 1, 
 
 1^ 
 
 '^» 
 
( 14 ) 
 
 M 
 
 cntnp'e on tlic dflila ami rents (o b« collected 
 liom the m-tllors 
 
 ll I'liliirpritiiiig iiiiliiitrioiis and i'uillil'nl ia the pnr- 
 ioniiiincH or liid duly, his luliirt* ^-uliuisti'iir.u utid ii 
 r«P|)i;cliil>li) situation in miciety would he gocuri'd ; 
 If iiDt, the promised nicoiiipniisi! iiilj;lil very jiiHtly 
 ill! withheld, the days lulmur uiid wheat CDiniiniled, 
 >.liu public t'iirni, iiiilli uiid viiliti^i' lotfi suld, and tlio 
 prdcccds applitnl to the puhlic. Hir>i(i'. 
 
 My ralculutiiui is niude friliri;ly upon tho forinor 
 •uppoaiton, that tho cupurititcMidiiiit hIiuII curii his 
 reconiponsc, uiid that ;dl llnMuouey i«.\p(Midiid upon 
 iho Puhlic I'ttrin, und the mill!), ti'iyothDr with tliu 
 value of tho 1000 or 1200 lurcs of land received for 
 public p\irpost8, ia entirely and totally lott and sunk ; 
 Huve and e.xceptni;{ the value of tlii: aurpluH produce, 
 orrevunUQ they may bo made to yield from the 
 labour «if tho settlers, during the (ir.-'l .seven years. 
 
 The quantum ol labour to be puiforined ou tho 
 Public Farm, and upon the lo<.ati(>n:« preparing for 
 future Botilcra, is pruporliunate in the ainiual num- 
 bor nf :]ettlers proposed tu be iiilrodnced ; neither 
 of which could, fur the firBt four^xars, biiauKinonteu 
 or deiuiniahud, without a con.-<ide>uble addition to 
 tho cash expenditure. The w hole is unon such a 
 scale aa tu afliird full einplcyineiil, and no more, 
 to the superintcndant ; the result, that of settliiii; 
 IfiO poor or pauper families in seven yoar!<, and 
 iiioHt probalily from l;'iO to 200 other families pos- 
 KCNiiinir the means of defrayinir tin; first year or 
 two';) snlisisteiice from their own fund:^. In fine, 
 
 without idtimntc pcruniiiry coat to „.. , 
 hup.s witli iiciuie piohl, and by niPaiis ol iV iiiff»ik,> 
 exei editii', peiiiapn, ti n dullars for luch family 
 located, III lie ri'tuiiii.'il in /i or G yearn at furlli«Ht, 
 Sueh in the oiilUne ul llin plan I have to jiroposc, 
 and I trn»it tiint by t'le fullowinu tiilib's il will bu 
 found, that it is an operation of tiie very bijiipleiit 
 nnliire, r.apable 111' biiiiy; carried into elleet wilh n 
 very moderate iiiillay of money, of wliiih tlii! re' 
 cmbnrscment can iieiihor be remote imr uncertain. 
 
 It rt'inninH now only to enter into the detail ol 
 Iho proof.i by which I am |)repareil to eslabliHli the 
 trutlinf the a'^serlioMH advanced, which, I trn.^t, that 
 the inspirtioil of llie folldwill;,' lablen with tin ex- 
 planHlioiiM reHpeclively amn xed will fully establish. 
 No. 1 exhibit the I'li/iir in time, and prlee in iiKniey 
 of ayr/cii/^o'ii/ Itihuiir in Ihi:) district ; No, M, arcrni^e 
 produce of cniyn in new land ; No, .t, ;»wi.v<oii.i and 
 tuol.i indHpensiblo for new settlers ; No. 1, jrcneial 
 cost of the propoiod e.'tuhliiiliment, sttieli farm, niillfl 
 and siiperinleiiiLinre ; No. n, prububle relunis to bn 
 obtained I'rom llie !)toek f.irni and mill.'', by the ju- 
 dicioMH application am! ilireclion of the lalionr of 
 the aeltler.H ; No. 15, abstract view of the advancps 
 and returns uii ler table.-) Nom. -1 and 'i ; No. 7 ad- 
 vanccfi propofied to be made to the srtllers ; No. 8, 
 means by which the settlers will be nia'ded to re- 
 iinbnrsi! thine ailvaneua ; und lastly, N.i. Jt, will 
 shew the (inal probable rcsuij „f iijo w'holo under- 
 takinir. 
 
 ^^m&m No. I, 
 
 PRICE AND VALUE OF AGRICl'I.Ttlt M, I.VItOL'U IN NEW SETTLEMENTS IN THE 
 
 DISTRICT 01" UUEBEC. 
 
 DESCRIPTION 01-' WORK. 
 
 Nmnlier of Dat? 
 l.Aiiiii'ii reipiired le 
 pi;rfiirin tho Work. 
 
 2 rrz 
 
 =; t» (J 
 
 3. p' 
 
 S*^3 
 
 Felling and Branrhinp, according to Timber, per Arpcnt . - . - 
 Loggings burning, and clearing off ready for hoeing, per do, . - - 
 Clearing out Stcmi's after 4 to years rotting, per do. . . . - 
 OpB.siNC, Bridle or Winter Roads, per do. . . . . 
 
 Making audi Roads passablo for carts > ,,,■ . 
 
 in good hardwood Land. \ »JJ'l'°"al 
 
 BuiLDiNo a log lIou.sG, dovetailed corners, Bark Roof, Log floor, and ) 
 
 (!ellardug4 feet deep .......^ 
 
 Building said House, Hoarded Roof and Floors, no Cellar dug. — ) 
 
 (Boards and Nails lound extra, -- ....J 
 
 Making, bawling anil putting up 5 Rail Cedar Ff.ncf. per Arpent 
 Sowing and llocingin Grain among stumps, gathering and rcmo- ) 
 
 ving loose stones per arpent ....... .....i 
 
 ReAi'iNe and binding Grain, among stumps, allowing same rates fur ) 
 
 women as men, per arpent ...j 
 
 TiiH.vsHiNo ond cleaning Wheat, per minot, ........ 
 
 Mowing, curing and Housing Hay, in stump land, per 100 bundles. . 
 Planting and hoeingin Potatoks among stuinp.s, stones gathered ) 
 
 up (12 niinots seed a20i^) per arpent ...J 
 
 HoKiNG or Moulding and Weeding Potatoes among stumps, do. 
 
 DtGoiKG and Uouaing Fotatocs in stump Land, per arpent • • • 
 
 ■83 
 
 •^ 3 
 
 a "■ « 
 
 Orrfi'iiary a- 
 vernf;e of tJusli 
 prices paid in 
 lliencw Seltlt- 
 iiunts. 
 
 DAV.S. 
 
 •( to (i 
 7 to 8 
 very uii 
 i to 1 
 
 li to i{ 
 
 15 to IC 
 
 10 to 13 
 3 to 3J 
 5 to C 
 
 2A to 34 
 
 Days. 
 
 8 to 10 
 10 to 11 
 certain. 
 I to 1 
 
 li to 2J 
 
 20 to 22 
 
 18 to 20 
 3 to 4 
 5 to 6 
 
 8) to 3) 
 
 4 to 6 
 
 7 to 8 
 
 4 to 5 
 10 to 13 
 
 6 to 8 
 
 7 to 8 
 
 4 to 5 
 18 tg 13 
 
 low'st. hig'st. 
 l-.>.sG to 1 js 
 li C to 27 C 
 tiO to 80 
 2 to 3 
 
 to 7 6 
 
 SO to G5 
 
 37 6 to 42 6 
 10 to 11 
 12 6 to 15 
 
 6 to 7 6 
 
 6 to 7^ 
 
 7 6 to 12 e 
 
 17 6 to 20 
 
 10 to 12 6 
 23 t9 32 
 
 i^BF 
 
( i:i) 
 
 ow'st. hig'at. 
 
 ■2.1C to 1 jd 
 >'2 C to ^i1 C 
 !U to 80 
 
 2 to 3 
 
 4 
 
 to 7 6 
 
 SO 
 
 toG3 
 
 J7 6 to 42 6 
 
 10 
 
 toll 
 
 12 6 to 15 
 
 6 
 
 to 7 6 
 
 6 to 7i 
 
 7 6 to 12 & 
 
 17 6 to20 
 
 10 
 23 
 
 to 12 6 
 t»32 
 
 I 1 iii.s Bcliciiiilu tu!i;i^lli(!r Willi 'I'ulilb No. 'I, rxliibits 
 ut uiii: viow, tli<r I'i'Miilts ol'tiiy (!ii(|uiriiti< uiiil cxpr- 
 riiiii'ii ri'S[ic( liiii; tlirj iri'iuirnl i (.^t iiii'l rt'liini-t nl' 
 iii;ric:iiltiir>tl liiliuiir, in iIik rro'iit HrUliini'iilM \\v.\t 
 (iili'licc ; iiiiil ii|)uri tlic ••(jrriitiioCH of llii! i'i/Ik lliil 1 
 <"ilHl)lisli«j(l, till) Hiibsi;i|iifiit nili'iiliitioii:i ari) alldi.'''- 
 Ilior (l('|)(!Mil:int. Till! iti.'iiis iii tlicso twd 'I'lilili m 
 arc »(i tuw, ftii.l llii; prmil'iir tlio |)oHiti()ll^■, liy llniii 
 mlvaiiccd, so ruwily attiiimd, lliiit I tni?il iiicaMuriH 
 will 111! H|ii'(:ilily addptcil tii iisr.rrluiii lactM, orsiitli 
 ilici) iinii'irtttiico lo tin) colony, tli;it it may tin an- 
 I'liiiicrl widioiit n compotoiit knowl'dui! of tlin.iij 
 ndispi'nsililu jiicliinini. ;i'n, wc can liaso no cicur 
 |ii!i'('i'|itioii or tlio tiifasiircs rcqiiiiiitii to udvunco 
 iifri'irultiirni irnprovoinniil. 
 
 'I'lii' rairl'nl rxnrninntion of tin or twcivo inlcl- 
 lpi.'«nt |iritrti('al fanners, tukcii from ilifll'i'i'iit purls 
 ofilio di^*lril'l, would cost very littlo citlicr in 
 liMic or inomy ; and the mean of thn infuriiiutinn, 
 llins acquired, wlicii compared with tliesu Tultirs, 
 No. 1 and 'i, estahlisli or refntn Iieyond tlic [lossi- 
 l>ilily ofdoulit, tim trnlli of wliat is iicro advuncod. 
 AIiIioiikIi every way oonfident that it van 
 Hot hi! HO maturiully ultercd by tho kiinl 
 of inveHti{.'ati(jn nlliidud to, us to afliu't to any 
 ronsideraliio dcirroe tho [liiin of which it forniH 
 till! basis; yet I do not court enquiry from 
 a sense of self Hiiflicieney, or from thu alisiird 
 conviction that errors may not tie discovf'red. I have 
 no such idea, many niuy, and proliulily will In; 
 fonnd ; but, I reconnnend tlin measure, in order 
 tliat inidiiiil''(\l iiifurniulioii on these poi its may be 
 o!.lai:ied and proinul^'alcd for the benefit of llio 
 proviiiei! and advanci'iiient of its apriciilture. 
 
 If, as I trust will br the cn«e, the rorrertness of 
 till! 'I'aliles Nn. 1 and -i are, to a certain dcj^ree, 
 proved a -III admittid, tho remainder of my plan is 
 no more than simple calculation, in which such 
 errors as exist may bo detected by a school boy. 
 
 'I'his much premised, it will bo seen by No. 1, 
 thni with the exception of clearing land, house 
 biiildiii!^' and mowini! hay anioni; stumps, emii^rants 
 newly landed from Kiirope are t'ully us expert a^tri- 
 
 ciiUural lubonrrrs m now HcUienier.ts a« tlii< rmia- 
 dliiiu llieiiHtlvi»--and in -mmo ci\si .-1 even txi.fl 
 tliein. With respect to fflliii)i{ and tlearinj; till', 
 uller six months iiiact ice, and le-is, they are. tinmd 
 to be ei|uul lo the niitiveiof llie country gi nerully ; 
 even at llio commencement, the dilli-rence is liot 
 always so me/h as the taliln exhibits, for wlint is 
 wanting in skill is frc'iiieiitly cornpensatuj by steadier 
 iifapplicatioii to Work, 
 
 Ali.hoiiyii the labour of eiiiigrnnts,ufler fine year's 
 (• rnrlice, may fairly l»; rated us lieiiif; fully cipial li> 
 that of Canudittiis ; I iiavc, lieverlheless, alluwed 
 the dilli'i'uiiee noteil in the tables, throu^liinit tin: 
 wlif(li) period ; and have, inoreuver, every wliern 
 (riilculated nin principal items, such as, cutting 
 down, burniiijj oll^ malum; roads, buililing houses, 
 sowing', roapinif a'ld lioemjr poialoes, sowing "rain 
 and making hay, at tin; very hijjliest prices, and 
 alio vcd tho lone;est period'" lo perform thnin in. — 
 Many of these priei s arc nnieh higher tliaii my 
 ex|)i;rieneo baa warranted ; for exumplc, cuttiojj 
 down, bnniinir, and clearing otf, is throu^diunt cal- 
 culated at '12s. Ud. per arpent, nlthnii(.'h I have paid 
 as low as :]|lj. uiiil ncb'er more titan $8, for that kind 
 of work. 
 
 The excess in the vahiation nnd time required for 
 labour, will be liiund materially favonrubie to llio 
 rreneral result 'of any enterprise; founded upon thi; 
 plan herein proposed, by lesscniiii,' the unioimf, of 
 cash expended, and aiijjnientinj; that to be re-paid ; 
 and still more in favor of the settler by deminishing 
 the number of days work (at ioliliiim) he will \m 
 bound to render in payment of llie advances madu 
 to enable him to locate his land. I entertain a hope, 
 that this excess alone will amjdy compnnsuie ibr 
 ail errors in calculation^ and unlorseen exijjeiicit'S in 
 tin; execution. 
 
 The Tablf. will bo readily understood without 
 explanation of its particuluf purls: the first culimni 
 enumerates the various desi'ri|ilions of ayricultmal 
 labour in new lands ; tho 2d the iinmber of days 
 required l-o perform it, by persons ucciislonied to 
 Biieh work : the third the number of days, novices 
 iu thu business, usually accomplish it in ; and the 
 Inst the current rates paid. 
 
 tmm 
 
 AVERAGE PRODUCE OF CROP.S IN STURtP LAM) CULTIVATED BY THE HOE. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF 
 CROPS 
 
 Quantity sow'd 
 
 
 o 
 
 .s 
 
 PoTAToKS tirsl crop Ul 
 Hard Wood Land 
 
 Wheat after Potatoes 
 Full 
 
 do do do flprin? 
 Rtb after Potatoes anil 
 
 wheat — fall 
 Oats after do do 
 
 Spring 
 
 Hat at°t«f 3 to 4 crops ) 
 
 11 tol4 
 1 to 1* 
 
 llo IJ 
 1 to 11 
 
 2} to 3 
 Timoth 
 RedCIo 
 
 
 Quantities rened. 
 
 c 
 
 f-. 
 
 
 -3 
 
 
 J2 o 
 
 ■3-2 
 
 Quantities of Flour received from 
 
 Mill. 
 
 For eavli minot of Grain sent,txdusive 
 of Bran ^-c. 
 
 Wheat 
 lbs. 
 
 Rye 
 
 lbs. 
 
 y 2 gals 
 ver 1 lb. 
 
 150 to 250 
 18 to 22 
 
 13 to 18 
 12 to 18 
 22 to 28 
 
 150 to 
 200 
 
 ( ls3to 
 
 / settlers 
 ( Is cash 
 as and 
 Flour 
 ISscwt 
 do. do. 
 
 3s6 and 
 flour 12/6 
 
 Is 3d 
 meal 12/6 
 
 48 to 5U 
 46 to 52 
 
 40 10 42 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 lbs. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 30 to 32 
 
 
 
 20 to 25 
 
 
( 1« ) 
 
 F.ypLANATlON OF TABI.F. No. 2. 
 
 Thofiril two cntuniiiB cMtimBte lh« quantitjr ol 
 *o«d generally lowed in iipw land in thia District ; 
 the «cconJ three columnn »liew« the average quan- 
 lily reaped, together with the priccii upon which 
 1 have calculated in the following Tohlei ; and in 
 the fourloBt column* tho poundu weight of Hour and 
 meal usually obtained from a mliiot of grain. 
 
 The calculations of tho returns or rcpnymcrttn 
 from the Public Tarm (TubUi No. 5) aro foundi.d 
 upon the assumption contained in thia Table. — In 
 this, as in the calculations upon Table No. 1, 1 have 
 estimated tho retnrns at less than what is exhibited 
 in the Table ;— f^jr instance I have taken the low- 
 est average of fail wheat, vii. 18, in lieu of 20 
 minots per arpent, tho average assigned by Table 
 No. 8 ;— tho some with oats ond other grain ;— the 
 
 quantity of flour fiom a minol ol tail wliruv . ^j y 
 I lated at •IHIbs the lowutt ninouni «ver nbtamfd, *.. 
 lieu of 53 th(.> live at'o hy ihf^Tnbln ; and «ata ul 2( 
 lbs in lieu of ^vj ut'ineaipei bu.'tlul. 
 
 With rrsprrl to prices, it may also bo well to 
 remark, that whoitt itinew settlfnu-iitfi is st arcely 
 over so low aa ii.-'. and potatovH may fliiily on« ycnr 
 with unolhnr bo HVi'rngfd us exciciling Ia3 in lii:u 
 of Is. per bushel j IhG to IsS may be loiisidurcd as 
 tlio.lowKst pprin^ prircs, while '2s and 2s0 are nut 
 unfrcquontly obtained. 
 
 Upon tho whole I hope that it will be found (hat 
 I have under e.Htimatid both \\\n nniouiil i f pro- 
 duce Itksly to be obtuiiiixl from thu Public Farm, as 
 well OS the cash valuation of the quality calculattti 
 upon. 
 
 WAS&a ^° "* »lfiOirj?«ff©*P« ASPS ®©©J&«« 
 
 PROVISIONS. — If Emigrant settlers are compelled to purchase food from their men funds, during the 
 first year, they will be content with the quantities and qualities of pruvisionB hereinafter •pecified, ond 
 entirely dispense with both Beef and Pork, for that period. 
 
 10 Minots of Potatoes, 12 6^ 
 
 56 to 60 lbs. of Oatmeal or course Flour, 8 9 lPtrJVonth,forafamUyoftwoMu}lsandtkrtt 
 
 75 to 90 lbs of dry salt Cod Fish, 8 4 r t'/tiii/rrn.— Cost i;l Us. 7d. 
 
 74 Ibaofcoramon quality of salt butter, 5 J 
 
 Canadian settlers would bo somewhat more expensive in the article of provision, but on the olhcc 
 bond their labour, during the first six or twelve months, would be more valuable, and probably coropenaot* 
 any diflureiice on thia head. 
 
 TOOLS, &c. 
 
 ' 1 or 2 good Canadian Axes, 48. Od. to Ss.Od ) Best made by country Blarkamiths, 
 1 or 2 good ditto Hoea 2 9 to 3 ^ Town work wdl not answer. 
 1 or 3 English Sickles, 1 to 1 3 
 
 1 Small Framed Cross-cut Saw, 7h. Gd. to tOs. 
 1 Large Auger, 6 to 10 
 
 STOVE. — Settlers in this climate cannot possibly dispense with stoves, fur even if they could build 
 a chimney (which will cost us much m a small stovej, it will not warm their cabins sufficiently in winter, 
 and thereby occasion a much heavier expense in the article of blankotx. Rustian Sluvta might, perhaps, 
 be constructed at a less expense than the price of cast iron stoves. The hire of the stove is calculated 
 at lOs., which would, probable, cover thp interest upon the first purchase; and I allow that one fifth 
 of their first cost might be lost when re-sold, although that is by no means to be anticipated. 
 
 Absolutely necessary < 
 
 Very needful, if they 
 can be aflbrded. 
 
 ^ASL>9 N* nr. 
 
( »7 } 
 
 ©-(t»^ir N'- IV. 
 DiBBVRZCMCKTS In Ctkli, and expondituru in Labour tVoin tho Sottleri, upon the Public Farm 
 MiLLH, and other tjeneral exponce* of the sctllemeni. ' 
 
 Year*. 
 
 I8:»i) 
 
 and 
 coin- 
 inoncR- 
 
 lllt'llt ot 
 
 1831 
 
 ITEMS. 
 
 Polling and cloiirini; off 13 ncrcs ol'litnd rendy for hoeinff, ♦ 
 Suwin;^ )! urti-k wiicutat I'Jh. und U ucre^ potulocs at 3u«. 
 
 si'cd included. 
 Buildinii; ii good log houso, good cellar du);, and u chimney t 
 
 4(n\. by .'(Oft. I 
 
 Buildiua abarn wItlilofrHlablo under it, CO ft. Iiy 30 fl. 
 
 Mte — lioards fur xuid buildin^B furnished by saw niill, not 
 rfckoni'd. 
 
 Uuildin;; a law mill, 2 gnn^s of saws, mill dam, &c. &C. 
 Cutting and howing UifHi for usii of name, 
 
 crow harH lot)., 2 larjjo haniniufs 158., 1 croM cut saw ^ 
 
 20f)., 3 Au^jLTH 15h., 1 (rrindiitonu 5u,, fdeiiic. 10a., for [' 
 
 genuial ubii of uettli'rnont, ) 
 
 (i axcH U7.S., t> hocH 18s., I'i tickles 13i. 1S,00U plank nails ) 
 
 llOs. shingle iiniU Wa. ^ 
 
 Transport of sundries to settlement. 
 Six months provisions fur Huprrintendant, 
 Opening 25 acres of roud by ot'itlcrs, 
 Hoeinfj and rcapinj; crop by ditto, 
 \ 8uv<'yor'8 chain for measuring; olfworkand loti',&r. 
 1 Double & 1 siii^lo stove &.piputi fur superintt-iidant's house 
 5 sugar ki.'ttlus of difTLMCnt sizes, 
 A saw-yer for a montli instructing snperintendant in the use ) 
 
 of saw mill, and labourer 3 months sawin;{ board:), &.c. ) 
 \ man Hcrv.nnt on tho public fann, U months, 
 A woman servant on do. do. 
 
 17-1 days labourfronise^ttlei-s'ntmcBSiiriiigoff' work, building ) 
 
 iriills, &c. (exclusive of 1 duys ciic h to overseer,) J 
 
 lU sinjile stoves and pipes, to be lent to the first 'JO families | 
 
 ofseltloiR, and by them fran.sferrrd to the next 20 &8u on ) 
 10 quintals of flour for settlers second summer. 
 Allowance to superinttMidant for settling 20 families, 
 For printing and other miscellaneous petty disbursements. 
 
 .» I in c 
 
 Aiiiiiuiit of Kxpenditiire. 
 
 .to in caih 
 
 ui: 
 
 III 
 labour 
 
 Total. 
 
 ii £ 
 
 S 6 
 
 30 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 ICO 
 
 
 70 
 
 jg3l..3j I'ora jroodtarthoiHo jgl2 10.*. cart CDs. sleigh 208. harness 50s 
 ' Kiir servants' wages on public farm, Vi months man at 30s. ) 
 woman 15s. y 
 
 For a g-ood eow and hull calf. 
 
 Culling down cicaiiiig&sowing with potatoes, 10 acres new i 
 land, also 12 ocres wheat on old land, ) 
 
 Making 25 acres road passable for carts in good land, 
 Hoeing, weeding and reaping aforesaid crop, 
 20 acres fencing split, hawled, and put up, 
 Building a grist mill, 2 run stones, exclusive of settlers la- 
 bour at it, 
 , 360 days labour from settlers ot mills, &c. &c. ■,, 
 
 Erecting a school-house, exclusive of boards & settlers, labour. 
 Allowance to auperintcndant for locating IC families, 
 
 .'. . i,v i I . . ■ ; - . . 
 
 27 12 r 
 10 4 C 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 100 
 10 t 
 
 4 o| 
 8 18 
 
 1. U 
 
 5 
 33 
 
 
 7 e 
 
 1 c 
 
 17 10 
 
 3 2 6 
 
 12 ( 
 
 13 10 L' 
 U 15 C 
 
 50 
 
 7 10 6 
 
 70 C 
 
 Iti 15 C 
 
 3 S 6 
 13 13 
 
 17 8 
 
 '>00 1» (i 34 3 (J 
 
 7 6 
 
 11 
 
 1832-33 
 
 0.- 
 
 Seed oats, rye if grass seed 95s., mending tools, Sic 100s. ) 
 servants' wages ^§27, ) 
 
 Allowance to superintendant for locating 18 families. 
 
 Felling and clearing off and sowing with potatoes 10 acres "i 
 new land, and sowing 10 acres of wheat, and 12 acres of > 
 oats and grass on the old, ) 
 
 Howing and reaping said crop £26 Is., and making and' 
 housing 6 acres hay 60s. 
 
 216 days labour at mills, &c. 28., and putting up 16 a'.res 
 fencing at lis. 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 160 
 
 40 5 
 
 9 
 23 
 11 
 
 7 
 6 
 C 
 
 70 
 
 ik 10 
 56 
 
 303 
 
 36 
 
 70 
 
 36 15 
 63 
 
 119 18 6 
 
 535 3 
 
 422 18 6 
 
 99 15 
 
 .Amount carried forward, 
 
 47 15 
 
 206 19 
 
 1163 6 
 
r 
 
 ( 18 ) 
 
 \ f 
 
 H 5 
 
 Amount brouolit Turward, 
 1833-34 For Mlitig, burning olT, and [•Inntiiig 13 terra new land 
 I with potatoes. 
 
 For flowing lU ucroa wlieat, 5of ryo, andSofoata and graaa 
 I nil old lund, 
 For rye auud, 
 
 Fur liocing, weeding and reaping the abovo crrp, 
 |For mowing, curing! and lioimiiig 8 ucrus Imy, 
 For making und putting up IH acrcii fenring at lla,, and 
 
 opening and mailing 16 acre* road at lUa, 
 For 123'.! days labour ut mills, tuc. &v. 
 For norvuntd' wa).a-8 \-i niontli-;, man ;£'l3, woman £'J, 
 Jl'iiruii additional horiu, 
 Allowance to auporintundant for locating 84 familic*, 
 
 1834- 3j Foiling, liurning off, and planting r.i acrea of polatoca in 
 
 nr.w land, 
 Sowing I'i acres wheat, 5 of rye, and 6 ofoata and graaa in 
 
 old mnJ. 
 Hucing, weeding and reaping aaid crop*, 
 984 diiya labour nt millH, &c. &c 
 Mowing, &c. I'i acres hay at 10., and putting up, &c. 84 
 
 otTCS fencing 11 n. 
 Servants wngc8,same as last year £27, renewing tools Sec. /'i 
 Allowance tu superintondant for locating 24 families, 
 
 1833-3G 
 
 ie3t>-37 
 
 Felling, burning oflj and planting 15 acrea potatoea in new 
 land, and sowing 12 acres wheat, 4 of rye and 5 of oats 
 and grass in old land. 
 
 Hoeing, weeding and reaping said crop. 
 
 Making ^-c. 24 acres funcin;; at lis,, and mowing &c. 80 ' 
 arres jiay at 10s. 
 
 283 days labour at mills ij-c. 
 
 Servants' wages same ns previous years, 
 
 Allowance to supcrintendaut for settling 34 families. 
 
 1837 
 
 Felling, burning of^ and planting 20 acres potatoes in now ^ 
 land, and sowing 15 acrea wheat, 8 of rye, and 4 of oats ^ 
 and grass in old land, ) 
 
 Hoeing, weeding and reaping said crop. 
 
 Making &.C. 24 acres fencing at lis., and mowing 4^. 24 
 acres hay at 10s. 
 
 288 days labour at mills, SfC. 
 
 Snrvants'a wages same as previous year, 
 
 Allowance for repairing tools, &c. &c. 
 
 Allowance to superintcudant for locating the last 24 families. 
 
 Fellinff, burning ofl^ and planting 24 acres potatoes in new "i 
 land, and sowing 20 acres wheat, 10,of rye, and 5 ofoata > 
 and grass in old land, ) 
 
 Ho>>'ing, weeding and reaping said crop, 
 
 Making &c. 24 acres fencing at lis., mowing &c. 34 acres ) 
 hay at 10s., j 
 
 120 days labour at mills, &c. &c. . . 
 
 .Servants' wages same as ])revious year, 
 
 Gratuity to Buperiateodanl for closing affairs ofestablishment, 
 
 02 b 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 8 U 
 
 70 
 
 63 6 
 13 
 
 8 
 70 
 
 17 
 
 87 
 10 
 
 84 
 
 (i 
 
 
 
 131 17 6 
 
 37 10 
 15 U 
 
 97 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 93 
 
 10 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 180 13 U 
 
 32 
 
 84 
 
 
 
 
 116 
 
 2 
 
 70 
 
 37 10 
 16 10 
 
 31 
 96 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 248 • 6 
 
 10 4 
 
 130 16 
 
 946 IS 
 
 27 (I 
 84 
 
 111 
 
 8 
 
 70 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ItG 
 
 64 17 6 
 
 37 3 
 23 4 
 28 10 
 
 1^4 C 
 
 88 15 
 
 47 19 G 
 25 4 
 88 16 fl 
 
 865 U 6 
 
 184 14 6 
 
 87 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 105 5 
 
 57 13 6 
 85 4 
 13 
 
 300 14 6 
 
 127 200 1 6 397 16 
 
 Total eventual outlay on Public Farm, Mills and general expencea, £9553 16 
 Of which sum £1495 ISa. is in cash advanced, and £1057 Ss. 6d. from wboui funuBbed by tht 
 settlers. 
 
 ■■: ! 
 
 i 'I 
 
 l: ! 
 
 11 
 
( 19) 
 
 <■■ ' EXPLANATION. ^ 
 
 . I .luLiE N". 4, Pxliibiti tho total exprnditure, in AcKaW, upon Ihx Public Fnrm, M1II4, anl otlii>r nciifl' 
 rtl ulijocti for the first 9 yoari, nmouiitini; to 1V1A3 ifli. of wliirli mini £\njl )*n. tid. m dorivvil from ill* 
 lilxuir of tha propusod nnw lottlnra in ropayin<<iit of tliu urovi«ions &c. furninhoil to tlmni frotn tho prodiiou 
 of tho Public Farm. With roanflct to tho cnth por'.ioii of thi« cxpBnditurn, £l't'JA Vl*., it ii tu bu 
 ob.-iHrvud, that not morn than about onn third of tlmi Niim ran uviir ho in adviiiirn, tlin fiimiiidor wilt 
 bo raceivod from thit proijrpiitivn aale of tho prodiiruof firm and mill*, as ahrwri iiniiftr Tuiiln No. A. 
 
 Tho tint roliimri \n for thnpurio<la at which tho propoiiul iidvoncca arn mado ; it i* a«iiuiii('d tlint thn 
 undortuking (ihiiiibl commonna in the ipriiifx of thii year 11)0; but it in iiacdluK<t lo olxicrvu thr' uiy 
 othor purind ini|!ht bu aiaiiini-d witliont inti'rf.'iiiiK willi thn ffffnoral arrnnupniciit nl tho Table. Thn 
 lenuiid coliiinii cuntuina tho dcluilcd slatnim-iit of tli« varioiin dcncriptiont ol work to bo pfrfonncd ii|)ii'i 
 thu stuck furin, milli, and |;onorul charucii of niana|<iii)( thu whoUi CNlublistiiiii'mt of iIki ictilciiit'iil ; tlioii 
 follow* tho riiloii of labour &(!, likely to hti |miil, uiiil liiatly in ihroo iroliiiimii tlie iMiioiint of cxpcnditiiro . 
 the lint for what ciin only bo uncompli.Hliud by uii ndviinro in caith, tlio second for wliut may bu obtniiioJ 
 from llin labour of thu aptllur^, and tlio third tlio cnllnRlivo amount of both. 
 
 The groatuiit amount of ciish ndvancud in towards tho eloRu t>f tlio sucoiid Vi'a-, when, nflcr budding 
 tho inillN, thu amount u^'.iin<<t i\w. utork farm and gniirrnl expcnditurn, will bu iiboiit £(iiJU ; which, it it 
 computed, may bn wholly nMinli'irscd towarda tho ttiid <d'lbn luvinth yeor. 
 
 In thia Tuhle it will bo found lint the uliari;e<i u^ninat tho uiidctrtakiiiK oro ostimntcd at tlic very hi|/bnit 
 ratOH, in ordur tocompenmto for inadvRrtant omiasioni; for inatiinco country guw-iiiill:i Nclooni coal inoru 
 than from one half to tlirou fnurllix of tho auni tlmt i« borniri caiinmted. The chur(ro for tho grint mill la 
 for thn movomnntaonly. aa it iarnluiilatud thu* thu frame, dam, uiill tuce, &c. will bu donu by tho acltlcra 
 from the daya labour aliowod in thn table for tiiono ohjpclK. And with rcupect to tho agriculturnl laboui. 
 I am convinced that the iiima inontionnd will, in nil, bo I'liind fully 13 per cent, higher than the actual 
 coat ; and the time allowed to poriorin it is equ:iilv ovoratcd. It ia needleai to obaurve that the wliolu in 
 calculated tocorrcapond with tho repayinunta proposed to bo made by the aettlera aa atatcd in table No. 8. 
 
 ♦•Vo<e. — It may bo objected llml during tho prcflont 
 in the Table, in aomo portion of the province. 
 
 Thia may be admitted without dcmininliing tho 
 firat place it muitt bo rocollccted that my rates oro 
 for that portion only of tho conntry, with which I 
 IttHt year'a crop, wilh tho conaequonl liish price of 
 country wheru a constant demand cxiata for the 
 mcnao iimparary demand for labourerR, now held out 
 canals, roads, bridges, 1^. ; a demand which, I hope, 
 cd, with a mistaken view of bcnulitting tho tide of 
 
 Hcuson land cannot be cleared so low aa ia uatimalcd 
 
 confidence placed in tlioao calcidationa : for, in the 
 calculated upon nil average of acvural ycnra, and_ 
 
 nm best aci|uninted ; nnd moreover llio fuiluru of 
 bread muat naturally luisn thu price of labour, in a 
 latter commodity— to aay notliintj about tho im 
 
 by tho public works in progress on forlificaliona, 
 has nut boon unneccadarily uiid unwisely oxugciut- 
 
 omigrutiun. 
 
 Repatnents from tho Surplus Produce of the Public Farm and Milla. 
 .M)«r.— Exclusive of tho quantities required for seed, and used by tho Suporintondant ond his Family. 
 
 Yean. 
 
 ITEMS. 
 
 Amount of Kepaynionta. 
 
 1630-31 
 
 1831-33 
 
 1600 boards for houses of 2nd set of settlors and cartage, 
 2000 do. for salo among older settlers, for Urns, houses, &c. 
 192 bushels potatoes at Is. 3d., and 20 bushels wheat at i 
 
 5s. 6d. furnished settlers for seed, \ 
 
 480 do. do. at la. 3d., and 2880 lbs. flour at 15s. fordo, for 1 
 
 provisions, ! 
 
 60 do. do. for solo. 
 
 1800 boaids for houses of 3rd set of settlers SOa. &. cartage 7stjd 
 3200 do. for salo at mills. * 
 
 216 bushels potatoea at li. 3d., and 221 bu«l»eli wheat at > 
 Si. 6d. ibr seed for 3rd set of settlers, ) 
 
 540do.do.at l8.3d.,^ 3240 Ibsflourat ISs. for pnviiaons fordo. 
 774 do. do. at Is., and 4350 lbs. do. at ISs. for sale. 
 Rent gf grist mill, after paying chorgss and repairs on mills 
 
 s. d 
 35 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 SI 
 30 
 
 From 
 produce 
 sold for 
 rash. 
 
 By 
 
 Advance 
 
 to the 
 
 settlers. 
 
 Total. 
 
 30 
 
 £ ». d. 
 28 
 
 17 10 
 51 12 
 
 97 2 
 
 33 
 
 71 1 6 
 
 to 
 
 Si 15 U 
 
 19 13 9 
 
 59 1 
 
 114 1 6112 9 9 
 
 £ I. d 
 
 130 3 
 
 Amouot carried forward. 
 
 226 11 I 
 356 13 S 
 
If 
 
 ; '-0 ) 
 
 I, 
 
 I 
 
 Amount brought forward, 
 1039-33 -400 boards for bous^n of 1th set Buttloru 30;j. cartagu lOa. - 
 '2400 do. for aalu, 
 
 iBH bushels potutoen at Is. 3d., and 42 busliclti wheat at > 
 58. Cd. for seed for -Ith settlers, J 
 
 720 do. do. at la. 3d., and 4320 lbs flour at IS-i.provisiontf for do, 
 198 do. do, at Is., 600 lbs flour at 13a., and 37 quintals oat- ) 
 niiial at l*2a. (id. for sale, | 
 
 Rent of griat mill, deducting repairs and charges. 
 
 1833-34 
 
 1S34-35 
 
 2400 buiirds lor houses of 5th sot, at 30s. andcartago 12^. Ud 
 
 •2600 ditto for sale, 
 
 2S4 Imshols potatoes at Is. 3d., and 43 bushels wheat at Ss. ) 
 
 ed. for 5th set, ) 
 
 720 dn, do. at 1 s. 3d. & 4 320 lbs flour at 1 as. for provi stions for do, 
 sua do. do. at Is. and 1250 lbs do at 15a. and 3S00 lbs ryo 
 
 flour at lis. 6d. for salo, 
 Hent of grist mill, deducting repairs and charges, 
 
 40 
 30 
 
 36 
 
 53 10 6 
 15 
 
 1635-36 
 
 2400 hoards forhouscs of6th bet of settlors at JOa. &,caitugcl5s. 
 2800 do. for sale, 
 
 28S bushels potatocs&4S bushels of wheat for seed for6th set, 
 20 do. do. atls.3d, (^4820 lbs flour for provisions for ditto, 
 862 do. do. at Js.ld. 1950 lbs flour at 15b. and 3800 lbs r>e 
 
 flour at 12s. 6d, for sale, 
 10 stoves sold ofl'at a loss of 20s. each, 
 Rent of grist will, charges and repairs deducted, 
 
 24(10 boards for houses of 7lh sec auitlerb at :'''"s. >y curta-ju 1 Ts.Od 
 'if'OO do. for sale, 
 
 2ft8 bushels potatoes 1 s.3d. & 48 bushels wheat 53.6d. foi- 7th s«t, 
 720 do. do. 1 8.3d. & 4320 Ihs flour 1 5s. for provisions fur do. 
 1402 do. do. Is., 1800 lbs flour 15s. 2950 lbs rye flour 12s. 6d. 
 
 1650 1I>3 oatmeal for baIl-, 
 Rent of grist mill, repairs and charges deducted, . ...,^. > 
 
 30 
 
 4j U 
 
 30 
 
 80 C 
 
 47 t 
 30 t 
 
 103 10 6 
 
 43 
 
 Who 
 
 77 8 
 
 39 3 
 
 79 10 
 20 
 
 138 10 
 
 4S 
 
 80 17 
 
 40 a 
 30 r 
 
 I51j^9 
 51 
 
 31 4 
 77 8 
 
 :.58 9 « 
 
 159 12 
 
 "54" 
 
 31 4 
 77 8 
 
 192 17 
 
 54 ( 
 
 1636 
 
 1937 
 
 1000 boards for salo, 
 
 3362 bushi.l.' polatoe? for sale, • ■ 
 
 108 quintals of wheat flour do. 
 
 ijO do. of rye do, do. 
 
 Rent of grist mill, deducting repairs &c. 
 
 4000 boards for sale, 
 
 4400 bushels potatoer^ for do. 
 
 153 quintals of wheat flour for do. 
 
 75 dc. "frye, dn. do. 
 
 Kent of grist mill, repairs fyc. deducted. 
 
 3U (> 
 
 1 
 
 15 { 
 
 12 ( 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 15 (1 
 
 12 i 
 
 62 12 1 
 
 57 7t 
 
 31 4 
 
 77 8 
 
 291 9 
 
 tiO 
 168 
 61 
 37 
 35 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 (I 
 ,') 
 
 581 12 
 
 UU U 
 220 
 '14 15 
 
 •16 17 y 
 
 25 
 
 35,'; 9 
 
 105 12 (fit 19 
 
 1 176 12 6 
 
 Total Repayment from Stock Farm and Mills, 
 
 .381 12 
 
 476 12 6 
 £2488 17 3 
 
 Of which sum 3£1636 lOs. 6d. arises from the Rents of Mill and Sale of Boards and Surplus 
 Produce of Farm, and £852 6s. 9d. for boards, seed and provisions advanced to the settlers. 
 
 TABLE N°. 5, is a detailed statement o*'the probable annual returns that may bo expected from the 
 produce of the Public Farm und Mills. 
 
 Kxclusive of thefai-iiity allbrded to the settlors, in enablincf them to repay in labour above one third of 
 of the whole cost of their location and establishment, which may bi! considered oa the principle advan- 
 tage to be obtained by the catablishiiicnt of a PiMie f'ot«m., it also defrays tl' i total cost of superntendance, 
 and possesses the means ot turning into cash the surplus labour of the settlement, and thereby re- 
 embursing the advances to bo made from the Public Chest , and returnmg i surplus in casii, over and 
 above the whole of these ndvances. 
 
 The want of mills in a new sett lonicnt is a source of serious loss to emigrants: from this Table it may 
 be seen that the cost of building these mills, will be amply returned from the Drofils, which at the very 
 lowest estimate, must result from their onerations. It may be necessary to explain that the returns from 
 the Public Farm crap.f, arecalculalcJ upon the assumption of the undermentioned rotation, vi«. ; — First 
 year potatoes; second year uHer potatoes fall wheat if the season is favourable , if not, spring wheat 
 
 W 
 
 mki- '^,- 
 
— ■^"-f-mM year, o.its or ryo wuli grass scod- in wlu.li, laHt, u w.ll remain uniil broken 
 
 ,»,,.uugli. Ininmiy partoofthndisUict two crops of potatoCH, imd ilucu cropa of grain or more 
 
 I ..,,-vai4.<hod from nuw land, under the hoe, htforo it is laid down in grass. But in ordor to err oil the riuht 
 
 side, and be safe in tho cxttnt of returns to ho niilieiqated, I have contented myself with estiinaliiig two 
 
 crops of grain only ; and no credit is given for the value of Ihc hay or cuttle, which may be expcted to be 
 
 produced on the ^'trm. 
 
 ^<«®£® N" VI. 
 
 Kxhibifing the rpsults of the operations upon the Public Farm and Mills, Superintendant's salary, and all 
 general expences included : But vainc ofFarin, Buildings, Improvoments and Mills not estimated. 
 
 and all other 
 
 
 Expondifuro. 
 
 Ko imbursemcnt from pro- 
 du>:e of Stock Farm £,- Mills. 
 
 Results. 
 
 
 Gain. | Loss, 
 
 
 In Canh. 
 
 In Labour. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Rents <!5-c. 
 of Mills & 
 sales Pro- 
 Hnrc rash. 
 
 Advances 
 to 
 
 Settlors. 
 
 
 
 Totals. 
 
 In 
 
 Cash 
 only. 
 
 General- 
 
 In 
 
 Cash 
 
 opiy. 
 
 ' » 19 6 
 
 188 18 6 
 
 General- 
 ly- 
 
 1».<0-31 
 1831-32 
 1832-33 
 1833-34 
 1831-35 
 I83.i-3f, 
 1836-37 
 1837 
 
 500 19 (i 
 303 
 99 15 
 121 17 
 116 
 111 
 IIP 
 i2' 
 
 34 3 b 
 119 18 C 
 107 4 
 126 14 
 139 15 
 154 6 
 184 14 6 
 200 1 6 
 
 535 3 
 422 18 6 
 206 19 
 218 9 6 
 246 15 
 265 6 
 300 14 6 
 327 1 6 
 
 33 
 114 1 6 
 103 10 6 
 133 10 
 192 17 
 190 7 
 .381 12 
 476 12 C 
 
 97 2 
 112 9 9 
 154 19 
 159 12 
 162 12 
 165 12 
 
 130 2 U 
 226 11 3 
 253 9 6 
 298 2 
 355 9 
 36! 19 
 .381 12 
 47ti 12 6 
 
 3 15 6 
 
 16 12 6 
 
 76 17 
 
 85 7 
 
 265 12 
 
 319 12 6 
 
 51 10 6 
 49 12 6 
 
 108 14 
 96 18 6 
 80 17 6 
 
 149 11 
 
 405 1 6 
 196 7 3 
 
 Totaln, 
 
 1495 12 
 
 1057 9 6 
 
 2553 1 6 
 
 1636 10 6 
 
 8i2 6 9 
 
 2188 17 3 
 
 797 16 6 
 656 IS 
 
 537 4 
 
 656 13 601 8 3 
 
 
 Gain £ 
 
 537 4 
 
 
 140 18 6 
 
 Loss, £, 64 4 3 
 
 TABLE No VI. is an analysis of the proceeding Tables N» 4 and 5, by which thejtotal disbursements on the 
 Stock Farm, Mills and Superintendance, together with the probable returns that may be derived from the 
 two former, are exhibited in one view, annually, or for the whole period proposed for the experiment. It may be 
 necessary to remark, that although the whole cost of clearing and bringing into cultivation the Public Farm, 'and 
 erecting the buildings and mills is charged against the undertaking, yet the value of these improvements (from 
 i£7o0 to if JUO) has not been included \n the returns expected from it ; inasmuch as the Farm and Mills are pro- 
 posed to be given to the Superintendant at the close of the engagement, in rcromnense for his services, if his 
 conduct shall merit that reward. 
 
 Excluding therefore, this very large sum lo the credit of the undertaking, allowmg the settlers the highest 
 price for all the labour they can spare, and defraying t've cost of Farm and Mills, together with the expense of 
 general superintendance, at the end of tho eighth year a >imall deficit of if 64 4s. 3d. appears ; although the cash 
 received is estimated as exceeding the sum expended, iSMO iSs, 6d. 
 
 This sum of £6i 48. 3d. may be stated as the amount paid by 300 families of settlers (about ten pence per head) 
 towards the general charges of management, involving a pUin of proceedings whereby paupers may be enabled, 
 not only to earn the means of daily subsistence, without burthen to the public, but also to become independent 
 fmi valuable members of the community. 
 
 itcd from the 
 
'\: 
 
 aji ) 
 
 AdTANCCS to PaDPER SiTTLCRi*. 
 
 l-~iX'»^ 
 
 ITEMS, 
 
 ExPBNScop Locating thb First Twestt Families. 
 
 1630 Cutting down 1 5s.& clearing off2^t arpens of land 27».6d 
 
 Sowing 1 arpent with potatoes, 209., 12 bushels seed 
 
 15s., and 1 arpent wheat ISs, I bushel seed 5s. Cd. 
 Building a house for every two families covered with bark, 
 
 2 axes Os., 2 hoes Os., and 2 sickles 2s. 6d., 
 
 3 months provisions for each family, viz. 2 quintals salt ^ 
 dry fish at 129. 6d., 30 mii..'i potatoes at Is. 3d., )80 i 
 lbs. course flour at 13s. percwt., and 20 lbs butter j 
 for 13i.4d., cartage seed & provisions to settlement 15s. J 
 
 Proportion of Central Charges of Establishment. 
 Tools 4s. 6d., measuring clearings 2s. 6d., school house 
 
 3s., surveys lOs., 
 Rent of single .stove between two families 5s, each, 
 .^uperintenuants allowance 70s. servant;]' vcagus on public 
 
 farm 303. 
 
 Cost of Locating mi Family, 
 
 Amt, for tack Famiiy, 
 
 -l I (: 
 
 /« Cash. 
 
 a. d 
 42 6 
 
 50 
 
 1331 
 
 £ a. d. 
 4 10 3| 
 
 2 IS 6 
 
 1 5 
 17 
 
 1 17 10 
 
 IJ G 
 
 H 
 
 In produetl 
 ofPtMU \ 
 farm'^mills 
 Sf labour of 
 other set- 
 tier: 
 
 Totals. 
 
 193 
 
 ^1 11 13 fortwtnty] 431 9 II 
 
 163S 
 
 Expr.NCB OF LocATiNo thb second set op 1G Families 
 Cutting down and clearing 2 1-4 arpenis land, and ^ 
 
 sowing 1 arpent potatoes and 1 1-8 arpent wheat £7 
 
 14s, 4 |d., andhalf expencc of house not roofed 2Ua. 
 iOO boards for half the,house and cartage 35s., 30 mi- 
 
 nots potatoes, ami ISO lbs flour, at aforesaid rates. 
 Half of nails for house 2s. Cd., 2lioesC8., 2 sickles 2s. 
 
 Cd„ 2 quintals salt fiah and curtagc 30a., and 20 lbs 
 
 salt kutter 13b. 4d. 
 
 Rteapitulatwn. — In Cash, 
 
 in Labour and produce, 
 Proportion of general char jres, 
 bam(* as first set, 
 
 Ceslof locating me FamUy, 
 
 ExPENCB or locating the third set of 18 Families, 
 
 Cutting down and clearing 2 3-8 arpents land, and sow- 
 ing 1 acre potatoes, and 1 1-4 arpens wheat, £8 Is. 
 7d., also proportion ofcxpniice of house 20s. 
 
 Boards for house, 37s 6<l, 30 bushels potatoes, and 180 \ 
 lbs. flour, G4s 6d. > 
 
 2 quintals fish 308. 20 lb. butter 133 4d. Nails for \ 
 house, 2s 6d. ) 
 
 Reeapitutation. — In cosh. 
 
 In labour and produce. 
 Proportion of general charges, 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 14 4) 
 
 
 
 
 4 19 6 
 
 
 
 : ? 14 4 
 
 i 
 
 
 362 U 
 
 
 2 14 4 
 
 13 13 lOj^ 
 
 <i 5 
 
 13 13 10^ 
 
 
 forsixlten 
 
 
 22 13 2i 
 
 4 
 
 Colt of locating one family, 
 
 
 9 1 7 
 
 
 
 5 2 
 
 
 2 5 10 
 
 
 
 2 5 10 
 
 14 3 7 
 
 6 5 
 
 14 3 7 
 
 for eighteen 
 
 
 22 14 5 
 
 408 19 8 
 
'I 
 
 23 ) 
 
 Total*. 
 
 431 S 11 
 
 3«2 11 4 
 
 408 19 6 
 
 1934 
 
 1(536 
 
 liXPENs* or Locating the Fourtjj sci or 24 F4UiLiEt. 
 e .loxn and clearing i^ arpents land, and aoiviniir ) 
 •^ i utpeiit potatoes, and 1 5-8 arpents wheat, £9 5i. ' 
 lOJa. Also half cxpcnso of house, 20s. ^ 
 
 Boards fur house, &c. 40i. 3U minoti potatoes, and 
 
 180 lbs. fiour, 64s 6d. 
 1 quintal salt fish, ISs. 10 lbs. butter, Gs 8d. Nails 
 for houit, Sa 6d. 
 
 Recapitulation. — In Cash, 
 
 In Labour and produce, 
 Proportion of general charges. 
 
 Cost ofloeatMg one Family, 
 
 ExPCKSES OF LOCATING THE FiFTII SeT OF 24 EaMIMBI. 
 
 Cutting down and clearing 3 arpents land, and sowing 
 
 1 arpent potatoes, and 17-8 arpenla wheat, ^£10 
 
 Is. 7Jd. : proportion of house 20s. ' 
 
 Boards for house and cartage 42s. 6d., 30 minots po- 
 
 Ititoes and 180 lbs flour (J4s. 6d., 
 One half quintal fish and cartage, nails for bouse 2s. 6d. 
 
 
 10 5 lOj 
 
 
 ' ', 
 
 
 5 4 6 
 
 
 : 
 
 1 4 2 
 
 
 551 
 
 
 1 4 2 
 
 15 10 4) 
 
 6 5 
 
 /or 24 
 
 
 22 19 6} 
 
 ) 
 
 lifcapittdution. — In cash. 
 
 In produce and labour, 
 Propor'ion of general charges, 
 
 Coat oflocaling one Family, 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 1 7) 
 6 7 
 
 10 
 
 16 8 74 
 
 6 5 
 
 for 24 
 
 23 6 7J 
 
 
 
 556 7 
 
 ExPENfE OF LOCATING TUB SIXTH SET OF 24 FaMIUBS. 
 
 ;ainc as that of the 5th set, adding 28. 6d. additional car- i 
 tage of boards, 9.., the distance from mill increases, 
 
 BeeapitiUalion. — In cash. 
 
 Proportion general charges. 
 In labour and produce. 
 
 Coit of locating one Famiiy, 
 
 
 10 
 
 16 11 P, 
 
 10 
 6 5 
 
 16 ii i§ 
 
 .'3 6 Ii 
 
 16 11 Ij, 
 
 fori-i 
 
 
 
 539 7 
 
 EXPENCE OF LOCATING THE SEVENTH AND LAST SET OF 24 FaMILIKS. 
 
 Same as 5th set, adding 5s. to cartage of boards, 
 
 Kecapitul<UUm. — In cash. 
 
 In labour and produce, 
 Proportion of general charges, 
 
 Colt of locating one Family. 
 
 
 10 
 
 16 13 71 
 
 10 
 
 10 13 7i 
 
 6 5 
 
 16 13 7| 
 ^»-24 
 
 23 8 7\ 
 
 562 7 
 
 Total amount rhtirged to settlers for Locating and establishing 150 Families equal to ) 
 an average of £22 17s. 7ld. for each Family, S 
 
 Deduct the proportion of general charges £6 .5s. per fiiinily, which is included in the 
 general charge against the Public Farm, Sic. Table N° IV. 
 
 3432 3 9 
 937 10 
 
 Net Cost to the undertaking for lonating 150 familips at the rate of £1 6 12g. 7;^d. ench. | 2494 13 9 
 
 01 which amount the sum of i $0 bjd. per family, or £i3 > 178. 3rl. in all, is lor Cash acvaiiccU ; ine 
 remaining j£13 lis. I0|d. per family, or £-20b3 16s. 61. in all, will arise from the labour of other settlers ; 
 snd advances from the produce of the Public Fnnti nnd Mills, for s.od, provisions, boards, &c. 
 
 TABLE No. VII. shews the probable c-xpence of establishing unc hundred and fifty families of poor per- 
 sons in a Township within from forty to seventy miles of Quebec ; — exhibiting the amount that must be 
 advanced in cash, as well as what may be obtained from the re-payments in labour of those that respect- 
 ivaly precede them, including the produc* of the public Far.n and Mills, detived from the same sourcp. Tha 
 
r 24 ) 
 
 frv«ia^e expence ol settling a family ufpoor personi is estimuteJ n\ £iO 12.s 71; oi vin 
 or nearly four fifthi of tho w hole e.xpence will bo defrayed by the properly directed labour o. . 
 themselves — But as £6 5 is added to the estimate for proportion of "general expencns of 8Uf.tii..,.„ 
 dance &c. &c. the actual sum to be refunded by the settler in labour and cash will overa^re £i2 17 7<. 
 
 In making out this estimate, it has been aBsumed that the first sets of settlers will probably bo the puor- 
 eit ; and that as the settlement progresses others possessinrr somewhat better means may gradually como 
 
 in. Hence it is proposed that the quantity of land prepared and sowed for th(3 first 2 or 3 sets shall be 
 
 less, and the amount of advances in tools and provisions— more, than to the subsequent setts: — who if 
 they possess any means, can readily supply themselves with tools or provisions ; but could not, even with 
 the command of money, prepare new lands for crops at the season lunigrants usually arrivj in Quebec. 
 
 It will beobseived that specific numbers of families are proposed for each year. This is necessary in 
 order to provide the requisite specific quantum of labour and food — from tho properly directed ex- 
 ertions of those that preceded them — nor could these annual rc»pective numbers be, relatively >o each 
 other, augmented or diminished without destroying the whole calculation. For instance, if the number 
 of families settled the first year were under twenty, the general expencea for superinteiidnnce. Mills, ^c. 
 (which could not be diminished whatever the numbers of tho settlers might be) would, by being borne by 
 only a few, become much too heavy for each— and as it is from liie surplus labour of the first set that 
 means are provided for establishing the seeond, tho second providing in tlK'ic*turn for tho third, and soon, 
 any dimunition upon the first set must proportionally diminish all the others. Upon the other hand if the 
 number of thefiist set was augmented beyond twenty families, the cask exjiendiUtre, which is principally 
 demanded the first year, must also bo augmented in the ratio of £\a 6s 2(1 per fnmily. Neither could 
 the number of years in which the settlement is to be carried on umler a superintendaiit he diminished 
 without either loss to the public, or augmenting the cash repayments, which under this system mus' una- 
 voidably fall in a great measure on those that aro latest established — in either case diiiadvnntflgeous to the 
 settlement, and injurious to the new settler — any augmentation of the lime would probably bo also inex- 
 pedient ; or it may be safely admitted that each pauner family settled by the plan proposecl, would be the 
 means of introducing at least one other family able to defray the expence of establishing themselves, 
 and thereby causing an augmentation of population too extentiivc for one person to superintend. 
 
 ®A®&© No. VIII. 
 
 Repatuen'is bi thb Settleds. 
 
 »VoJe. — The whole will bo in labour excepting the few items marked * denoting cash. 
 
 Dates. 
 
 1830-31 
 
 1831-32 
 
 ITEMS. 
 
 Bt the 1st 20 Settlers. 
 Preparing 16 locations for 2d set of set- 
 tlers, as per Table No 7, (less 21s 
 10 l-2d per family for seed,) 
 Opening 25 acres of road upon public farrn 
 Hoeing and reaping crop oti stock farm, 
 Cutting down and clearing 00*10 acres ' 
 
 land on do. 
 Sowing 10 acres potatoes 20s. and 12 
 
 acres wheat on do. 15s. 
 Days labour at mills, bawling logs, &c. 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 Days la- 
 bour per 
 family. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Preparing 6 locations for 3d set settlers 
 p«r Table No. 7, (leas 21s. 10 l-2d 
 per family for seed,) 
 
 Cutting down clearing and sowing with > 
 potatoes 10 acres on public faim, ) 
 
 Days labour at mills, &c. 
 
 MaluBg and putting up 20 acres fencing, 
 
 58 2-5 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 1-4 
 1-2 
 
 d. 
 
 152 6 
 2 6 
 
 42 6 
 
 7 3-5 
 
 8 3-4 
 
 93 1-2 
 
 23 1-3 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 53 1-3 
 
 159 8 1-2 
 
 63 6 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 Amount of Repayments. 
 
 Proportion 
 for each fami- 
 
 £ s. d. 
 6 2 
 
 For each 
 annual 
 set. 
 
 3 
 13 
 
 1-2 
 1-2 
 
 1 1 3 
 
 19 
 17 
 
 3-4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 122 
 
 3 
 13 
 
 9 16 5 1-10 
 
 2 7 11 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 10 S 
 
 Carried forward, 
 
 19 
 17 
 
 no 3 
 
 2 
 13 
 
 21 5 
 
 306 11 
 
 196 8 6 
 
 47 Id 4 
 
 31 S 
 20 
 11 
 
 Totals. 
 
 "I 
 
 
f 
 
 L.-.j/-33 
 
 IS33-31 
 
 1934-33 
 
 Preparing 4 lucnlions tor 4th set now 
 settlers por Tablu No. 7, "(less 24s 
 7 1-2(1. per family for seed,) 
 
 Days labour at mills, dj*. 
 
 Mowing and making 6 acres hay on 
 public farm, 
 
 ( 25 ) 
 
 Hniicht forward' 
 
 I 
 
 Preparing 2 locations for .'th set new ) 
 settlers per Table No. 7, (less 26s > 
 7 1-2J per family for seed.) ) 
 
 Tot.-il repayment in labour, 
 In cash, 2 annual payments of 28s. ) 
 10 l-2d. each, ♦ J 
 
 .100 11 !0 
 
 17 7-10181 3 
 4 ,20 
 1 1-2 10 
 
 1 10 
 8 
 .1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 36 .') 
 
 S ■) 
 3 <) 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 23 1-5 
 
 
 2 7 
 
 3 
 
 47 5 
 
 1) 
 
 
 9 1-2 
 
 195 7 1-2 
 
 19 
 
 6 3-4 
 
 19 11 
 
 3 
 
 
 173 1-2 
 
 
 19 13 
 2 17 
 
 4 3-4I373 8 
 9 57 14 
 
 1 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 11 
 
 1 3-4 
 
 131 2 
 
 11 
 
 431 
 
 2 11 
 
 Totals. 
 
 BV THE SECOND SET OF 16 FAMILIES 
 
 IS31-32 iPreparing 12 locations for 3d set new 
 
 settlers per Table No. 7, (as } 58 1-3 
 abovo,) 
 Making 25 acres road passible for carts 
 
 on public form, 5 '^ 2-3 
 
 Reaping crop on public farm, 12 1-8 
 
 Sowing 22 acres grain on public farm, 8 1-4 15 
 
 Days labour at mills, furnishing logs, kc. 10 2 
 
 1332-3*^^ 
 
 Preparing 4 locations for 4th set ^ 
 .',•:-;*■ now settlers per Table No. 7, (as > 
 '.i+ifj, above,) ' \ 
 
 v^^i^ Cutting down clearing and sowing 12 i 
 '<XS^-^y^gg q( potatoes on public farm, J 
 Hta^ocres grain on public farm, 
 VS.S' 7sJWK«i8M>utting up 16 acres fenc- ) 
 
 Days labour at mills; &c. 
 
 1933-34 
 
 93 3-8 
 
 159 8 1 
 
 7 6 
 
 <]S34-35 \ 
 & 183G J 
 
 Preparing 2 locations fo' 5th set new ] 
 settlers per Table No. 7, (as above,) 
 
 Mowing and making 8 acres ofhay on i 
 public farm, 
 
 Days labour at mills, &c. 
 
 Total repayment in labour, 
 rhreo annual cash payments of 28s. 
 2Ad each ♦ 
 
 22 1-8 
 
 22 1-2 
 7 1-2 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 GO 1-8 
 
 Jl 7« 
 
 2 1-2 
 4 
 
 17 7-8 
 
 111 3-8 
 
 181 3 
 
 C2 6 
 Ij 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 5 19 9 3-8 
 
 11 8 5-8 
 
 1 9 1 i 
 10 7 4 
 1 
 
 10 1 3 
 
 95 16 C 
 
 9 7 6 
 
 23 6 
 
 16 10 
 
 16 
 
 161 
 
 195 7 4 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 2 5 3 i 
 
 2 6 10 I 
 18 9 
 
 11 
 8 
 
 9 11 i 
 
 14 5} 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 36 5 
 
 37 10 1 
 
 15 
 
 8 16 
 
 6 8 
 
 103 19 I 
 
 19 11 I 
 
 4 
 
 6 8 
 
 1 17 5 } 29 19 3 
 
 13 8 7 3-4 
 4 4 6 3-4 
 
 32 13 2 1-2 
 
 294 IS 4 
 67 13 
 
 362 11 4 
 
 I i^ 
 
 
 i i i 
 
 3C2 n 4 
 
!■■ 
 
 
 I*' 
 
 r. ■ ■ 
 
 vi 
 
 (26 ) 
 
 1832-33 
 
 1833-34 
 
 3t Tlir, THIKU SET OF 13 Sbttler»j 
 Preparing iC locations for 4th set new " 
 
 stttl(;r«pcr Table No. 7, (as abovu^) 
 Hoein(( and roapinf; crop on public tarih 
 Days hbour al mills iVc. 
 
 1831-35 
 
 1F35-3G > 
 & 1837 ) 
 
 Preparing 4 locations for 5lb get now 
 scttlora per Tiibic No. 7, (as above) 
 
 Days labour at millB, 
 
 Cutting down clearing and sowing 12 
 acres poiatoonon public farm, 
 
 ■Sowing 28 acreii of grain on do. 
 
 Making ami putting up IS acres fenc- 
 ing on do. 
 
 Preparing 2 locations for 6th set new 
 settlers per Table No. 7, (less 26s. 
 per family for seed,) 
 
 Furnishing days labour at mills &c. 
 
 Mowing and making 12 acres hay on 
 public farm, 
 
 Total rnpaymcnt in labour, 
 Tiirpc iiiiiiual cash payments of 328. 
 7 7-8d each + 
 
 781 
 
 n 11 8-9 
 
 4 
 
 181 3 
 2 
 
 8 74 
 1 8 11 1-3 
 S 
 
 144 11 
 36 1 
 
 7 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 94 1-3 
 
 
 9 17 6 7-? 
 
 177 IC 
 
 3 
 
 
 21 1-6 
 1 
 
 195 7 i 
 2 
 
 2 3 5 2-3 
 8 
 
 39 2 
 7 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 20 
 7 1-3 
 
 62 6 
 
 15 
 
 2 1 8 
 
 18 4 
 
 37 10 
 10 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 11 U 
 
 11 
 
 9 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 561 
 
 
 C 2 5 2-3 
 
 tlO 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 10 2-3 
 
 195 7 } 
 
 118^ 
 
 19 11 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 7 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 1-3 
 
 10 
 
 6 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 1 16 4 3-4 
 
 32 15 
 
 3 
 
 
 169 
 
 
 17 10 5 i 
 
 320 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 17 11 3-4 
 
 89 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 14 5 
 
 108 19 
 
 6|403 19 
 
 6 
 
 ; 1853-34 
 
 Bt the fourth set of TWENTY-roUll Familief. 
 
 1S3S-35 
 
 1835-30 
 
 Preparing 16 locations, for 5th set new ) 
 settlers, per Table No. 7, (as above) ) 
 
 Hoeint; and reaping crop on stock farm, 
 
 Days labour at mills, &c. 
 
 Opening and making 13 acres road on 
 public fann, 
 
 Preparing 6 locations for Glh set new 
 settlers per Table No. 7, (as above) 
 
 Cutting down, clearing, and sowing 15 
 acres potatoes on public farm, 
 
 Sowing 24 acres grain on do. 
 
 Making and putting up 24 acres fenc- 
 ing on do. 
 
 Days labour at mills, &c. 
 
 63 I 
 10 1-6 
 4 
 
 2 J 
 
 195 7 X 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 80 1-6 
 
 Preparing 2 locations for 7th set new 
 settlors per Table No. 7, (less 2Cs. 
 per family for seed,) 
 
 Days labour at mills, &c. 
 
 Mowing and makiug 20 acres hay on ] 
 public farm, i 
 
 193,'5-3fi 
 :\7i< 38 
 
 a! repayments in labour, 
 ' ir annua! cash payments of 333. ) 
 ' 1-Sd. each, ♦ \ 
 
 23 .5-6 
 
 18 3-4 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 56 i 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 1-6 
 
 193 7 X 
 
 02 
 15 
 
 11 
 2 
 
 6 10 5 
 
 1 4 7 
 
 8 
 
 6 3 
 
 8 9 3 
 
 2 8 10 7-8 
 
 1 19 3-4 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 r> 1 11 5-8 
 
 1.56 
 
 29 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 10 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 303 2 oi 
 
 58 
 
 13 9 
 
 46 
 
 IS 
 
 17 6 
 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 13 
 
 14fi 7 3 
 
 16 1-0 
 
 153 
 
 I 
 
 195 7 I 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 16 3 15-24 
 8 
 
 8 4 
 
 1 i; 
 
 16 3 10 1-4 
 6 15 8 1-4 
 
 •22 19 6 i 
 
 19 11 3 
 
 9 12 (, 
 
 10 C 
 
 39 3 3 
 
 388 12 6 
 163 16 C 
 
 '.51 9 01551 9 
 
11 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 IG 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 ! 15 
 
 3 
 
 ) 16 
 
 
 
 i 3 
 
 G 
 
 i 19 CI408 19 6 
 
 ( 27 ; 
 
 r- 
 
 •jS-^-Sj 
 
 1835-36 
 
 1 336-37 
 
 1936-37) 
 
 S8 & 39 ^ 
 
 Bt tub »i»rii SBT or twestv-foi'* Settlkiii, 
 Preparing 16 location! fur Glli aut new ) 
 uettluM per Table No. 7 (as above,) ) 
 liofling and reaping crop ou public farm, 
 Uuyi labour at millf, &c. 
 
 Preparing 6joeations for 7th set of new ) 
 
 suttlors, per Table No. 7 (as above,) I 
 Cutting down clearing and sowing 80 ) 
 
 acres potutooa on public farm, ) 
 
 Sowing 87 acres of grain on do. 
 Making nnd putting up 21 acres tone- ) 
 
 inp; on do. J 
 
 Days labour at Mil!*, ^. 
 
 Mowing and making 31 acres hoy on ) 
 pu "lie farm, J 
 
 Days labour at mill ^c. 
 
 Total repayments in labour, 
 Five annual cash payments of 36s ) 
 lid each,* J 
 
 63 1 
 
 , 10 2-3 
 
 4 
 
 195 7 1-2 
 8 
 
 6 10 5 
 
 1 5 111-2 
 
 8 
 
 156 10 
 
 31 3 
 
 ;» 12 
 
 1!)7 5 
 
 
 
 II 
 1) 
 
 
 
 7rt 1-^ 
 
 
 8 4 4 1-2 
 
 
 23 5-6 
 
 25 
 6 3-1 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 195 7 1-2 
 
 02 6 
 15 
 
 11 
 2 
 
 2 .8 10 7-8 
 
 3 12 1 
 16 10 1-2 
 
 11 
 8 
 
 M 13 
 
 62 10 
 20 5 
 
 13 4 
 
 9 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ii3 I -a 
 
 
 C) 16 10 3-8 164 4 
 
 !l 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 12 
 9 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 18 
 
 21 12 
 
 
 
 
 160 3-1 
 
 
 
 
 15 19 2 7-s 
 
 7 4 4 5-S 
 
 3:i3 1 
 173 5 
 
 9 
 3 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 23 3 7 1-;: 
 
 556 7 
 
 •' 
 
 556 7 
 
 1935-36 
 
 1Sj6-37 
 
 Bt the sixth sit of twentt-four Settlers. 
 ?reparinii 16 locations for 7th set new ■> 
 sutllcrs pur Tabic No. 7, (as above), J 
 ilneing and reaping crop on public farm, 
 Days labour at mills, &u. 
 
 1337-3S 1 
 M 4(1 } 
 «c 41 ) 
 
 Cutting down, clearing and sowing 24 
 acres potatoes on stock farm, 
 
 Sowing 35 acres of grain on do. 
 
 Making and putting up 24 acres fenc- 
 ing on do. 
 
 '.Mowing and making 24 acres of hay ) 
 on do. ) 
 
 Days labour at mills, &c. 
 
 Total repayments in labour, 
 Six annual cash payments of 36s. ) 
 8 l-6d. each, * 3 
 
 63 1-2 
 12 3-4 
 4 
 
 195 7 1-0 
 2 
 
 G 10 5 
 
 1 10 11 1-2 
 
 8 
 
 156 
 
 37 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 80 1-1 
 
 
 8 9 4 1-2 203 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 8 3-4 
 
 62 6 
 15 
 
 3 2 6 75 
 1 1 10 1-2 26 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 3-4 
 
 
 .1 13 4 1-2 
 
 136 
 
 1 
 
 
 "0 
 
 
 132 
 
 
 14 2 9 339 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 9 3 4 1-2 220 
 23 ti 1 1-2 559 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 "o; 
 
 
 
 559 7 
 
 IS3G-37 
 
 1837 
 
 isr.r-^s ) 
 
 39 -10 41 } 
 42 43 14 ) 
 
 Bt the seventh and last set of new Settlers. 
 
 Ilooing and reaping crop on public farm, 
 Making and putung up 24 acres off 
 foncing on do. < 
 
 Days labour ut mills, l^c. 
 
 Uocing and reaping crop on Public farm. 
 Days labour al mills, i>.c. 
 
 Total repayment in labour, 
 Eight annual psymcnts of 43s. 11 l-2d. 
 each, * 
 
 16 1-2 
 
 4 
 4 
 24 1-2 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 19 11 3-4 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 47 19 
 
 13 4 
 9 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 2 18 11 3-1 
 
 711 ir. 
 
 V, 
 
 
 19 1-2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 8 1-4 
 10 
 
 j7 12 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 24 1-2 
 
 
 •2 18 1-) 
 
 Oil 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 5 17 
 17 U 7 1-2 
 
 UO 8 
 421 19 
 
 tl 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 ,23 8 7 1-2 
 
 -.b2 7 
 
 JCi 7 ( 
 
 
 
 Total amount of repayments. 
 
 je3-132 13 9 
 
 V;7. ^2240 10s. 8(). in labour, and ^£"1191 13s. Id. in cash averarins: 110 davs labour P. r each family. 
 valuta al £U 18s. 9d. ; and £7 IBs. 10 l-2d. to be refunded in five or si.x years, ui annual cash payment ol 
 2:;'! to 4 Is. each. 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 * 
 
 1 9 01531 9 
 
C 28 ) 
 
 "lABLL N'> Mil.— I can ofTcr no olhor apology for tlio fatiguing dryness of thssc talmiar eHi.. ^ i 
 tlic iiiji)omiliility of producing ubiiolutc proof ih uuy oilier siiupu. Thoao who have the patience to uxamil.'' 1 
 No. -, "ill ilifcovcr the nuturo of tho employment provided for poor settlers, to onablv liiom to repay it^i 
 iii;L'i.c..>ai'v Liilvuncus; viz. by atfordini;; mutual assistance, o.ich in their turn; so that the whole cost of 
 tittloiiiuiU shall be easily and speedily defrayed (rum their own surplus labour. 
 
 Tiii.-i 'i'ti'i'ie exhibit 4 the amount of repayments in cash and labour, and particularizes tlic period, ns wull 
 u« lliij tinr.ricr, m which the latter is to bo rendered, so arranged as to allow ample time to tho now settler 
 tur the cultivation of so much of his own farm as will be sulliciunt to supply his immediate necessities. 
 
 T!)i' piico!< annexed to the various items of labour provided tor the settler, are the highest usually obtained 
 in t.'i:.« dis'rict, while the time calculated to perform tho work in, is tho same as has been estimatoil in Tabic 
 No. 1, ibr p<'raon<< who!!}' unused to it, and utter strangers to the country : tho whole so apportioned, with 
 res)>cct to nntcs, as to provide for the successive location of each annual set of settlers, together with tho 
 i.ip:in» of subsisting them, previous to tho period when their respective farms may bo expected to become 
 prmlijctivc. The anir)unt of Cash to be rc-imbursed by the first sol nf acttlers is loss thai from any of the 
 Hiiccur<l.:irr ones, and dOes not amount to a tenth pari of the sum advanced to enable them to "cttle, upon the 
 twofol.; i.iinciple llr.t, for reasons already explained, tiio first adventurers in a wilderness will generally be 
 the poorest, and that moreover a greater proportion of labour ■will necessarily bo required trom these in order 
 10 prv^do lur tho establishment of those who follow them. The degree of ease with which they may furnish 
 iliii- lubiiur may bo cslinitttnd by stating that in tho eourso of four years each family will be required to 
 f'.cai- uiiij burn off" 4\ arpunis of land, plant 2 1-2 arpents of potatoes, sow nearly tho same quantity with 
 frniii; tu hoe, weed, and reap 6 arpents potatoes, reap 6 urpents wheat, make and put down one arpent 
 nl* t<.p.>;iug, open 1 1-4 arpent of road, mowo and make 1-4 arpent hay, and build 14-20th8 of a lo^; cabin, 
 • xclusivc of one half of another >m lieu of that provided them, and lastly, 23 days labour at the mills ami 
 ■.:>tiiur iiiisccllaneous jobs. The whole es:imated at 17d 1-2 days labour ; but which, in all probability, 
 V ill in many instances be performed in one third less time. 
 
 The numher of days work for each succeeding set of settlors is gradually reduced and the cash payments 
 proportioally'augniented ; so that from the 6th set only 132 days labour will be demanded in three ycara, 
 \\hi!etiie cash payment is-augmonted to 5 annual installments of 36s, 8d, each, payable the 3d, 4tb, oth, tJttt 
 :i!id ~th year after settlement ; and the last set have only 49 days labour to repay, but their cash repayment 
 is augmented to 8 annual installments of 44s. each. This large proportion of repayment, in cash, saddled 
 upon the last set of settlers becomes necessary, in order to close the undertaking with the settlement of 
 150 families in seven years. 
 
 With respect to the lirst six sets of settlers, tho sums they have to repay in cash, arc so very trifling in 
 amount, and rendered so very easy by the periods of repayment proposed, that no doubt can be reasonably 
 entertained of tilieir ability to meet their engagements, without the slightest inconvenience. The seventh 
 and la»t set will have the disadvantage of having less to repay in labour, and more to contribute in cash, 
 it is true ; but they will also haye facilities of meeting the extra demand, not to be obtained by the earlier 
 settlers, and more than cquavalent to the diHerence ; arising from the reduced price of provision, and 
 greater (ieinand for labour, at all timas existing in settlements somewhat advanced, beyond what can be 
 afforded by those just commencing. 
 
 If however, any doubts may arise as to the ability of these last 24 settlers, M-ithout mucii 
 inconvonience to repay the sum of :£17 lis. 7 l-2d in nine or ten years, having had the advantage of being 
 located in a thickly settled neighbourhood, with a house built, three acres of land cleared and sowed ready to 
 take posspssiuii of on their arrival, and three month's provisions found them on the spot ; how are tho 
 emigrants, proposed to be located under the plan recommended by the Emigration Committee of the House 
 of Commons, expected to repay jP98 17s. 6d. in twenty years, without any of the facilities and advantages 
 'lefore enumerated accruciiig from such an enormous load of debt, provisions alone excepted ? 
 
mm 
 
 'i'J ) 
 
 llcrAPiTUi.ATioM of tlio preceding Talil -i, pxliiliifmi; llift iimmtnt* of CaiA onnually paitl anJ rccnived »i|ioii tli< 
 I wluilu uiiiJiirlDkiiig, and its tillininto luuult. 
 
 Ddte. 
 
 i'AYiWi..Nrb. 
 
 Fui-tlit I 
 pulilic. Jurtiv For Cif 
 mi/.'.i ii- ,:;f- HtltUa. 
 ntral ex- 
 p'liefs. 
 
 iHt y«ar buii- ) 
 m.H<!ls:tO-:il V 
 2ii(l ilo. lMl-32 
 3i(l<lo. \s:i-z-r\ 
 4th do. 18.r»-3U 
 mil (Ic lH31-.-,5 
 (itii do. 1835-3B 
 ?lh do. 183G-37t 
 Htl. ilo I.S'57-:W} 
 
 Oth do. 
 lOlli do. 
 mil do. 
 I21I1 do. 
 13th do. 
 
 1H31)-.J0 
 1810-41 
 lSU-12 
 |S12-'13 
 
 £ 
 
 am 
 
 303 
 
 !)9 
 
 li21 
 
 no 
 111 
 
 116 
 
 8. d. 
 
 lU 
 
 
 I'l (» 
 
 17 U 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mth do. )8t3-4l 
 
 ir.th do. 18H-45 
 
 Totjilh-. Ii.tijrcsi ) 
 
 not iiK'liidcd. j 
 
 £ 
 :i06 
 
 43 
 41 
 
 2<J 
 19 
 13 
 12 
 
 en o 
 •J c 
 
 UI C. «i- ^' ft I 
 
 T0TAL8, 
 
 a. d. 
 
 2 e 
 
 <J 4 
 
 
 
 I.IO 17 6 
 
 l-.!3 
 
 £ 
 
 S07 
 3lt> 
 141 
 
 i:i:ci'i.Ti. 
 
 iic Fiii'Di 4" 
 MUls. 
 
 From 
 HMns. 
 
 123 
 
 lc8 
 
 rj7 
 
 
 
 n I) 
 u 
 
 » 5 
 
 
 w - 
 
 1195 12 
 
 l.-.ri 19 3 
 
 lO.'il 12 
 
 £ 
 
 33 
 114 
 103 
 138 
 192 
 lUG 
 381 
 470 
 
 -1 « 
 3^ 
 
 o" 
 
 B. d.; 
 
 0; 
 
 1 
 10 6 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 12 6 
 
 sg 
 
 If 
 
 Suttlrm 
 allowed 
 years tree. 
 
 61 
 121 
 
 8 G 
 10 
 
 
 135 19 7 
 
 210 1 2 
 
 180 16 U 
 
 140 1 9 
 
 96 15 3 
 
 96 15 3 
 
 52 15 
 
 52 15 II 
 
 52 15 (I 
 
 1636 10 6 1191 13 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 UKSl.l.TS. 
 
 1 
 
 Diilmnc- 
 
 
 TOTALS, 
 
 mtith. 
 
 Rclurnt. 
 
 £ B. d. 
 
 £ 
 
 8. d. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 33 
 
 774 
 
 2 5 
 
 
 114 1 G 
 
 232 
 
 7 10 
 
 
 103 10 
 
 37 
 
 9 G 
 
 
 138 10 
 
 12 
 
 7 6 
 
 
 244 5 G 
 
 
 
 116 5 a 
 
 317 17 7 
 
 
 
 191 17 7 
 
 517 11 7 
 
 
 
 389 11 G 
 
 GH6 13 9 
 
 
 
 369 13 H 
 
 180 16 
 
 
 
 180 IG 
 
 140 1 g 
 
 
 
 1 10 1 
 
 96 15 3 
 
 
 
 9G 15 3 
 
 90 15 3 
 
 
 
 96 15 3 
 
 52 15 
 
 
 
 52 15 
 
 52 l,j 
 
 
 
 52 15 (» 
 
 52 15 
 
 
 
 52 15 U 
 
 2S2S 3 7 
 
 1056 7 3 
 
 1933 1 7 
 
 DcdJuctni); the Disbursement iVoni the returns Iciivua u mctt (jain upou tho whole undertaking ) 
 
 \ 
 
 of Jtl933 Is. 7d. minus £1056 7a 3d 
 
 inalensl, at tho rate oTsix per cent, per annum, ia calculated to tho end of tho fourteenth year, 
 the balance will amount to 
 
 870 M 4 
 
 114 2 1 
 
 Leaving A Total NETT Gain, AFTrRDEDUCTi.SG LEGAL interest upon the monet tMPLovEn, of 7C2 12 3 
 
 ♦ End of tho 4th year, period at which tho cn?h adrances has reached its maximnn, viz. £1056 Ta. 3d. 
 
 t In tho courao of tho 7th yctir tin- cntorpriso will bo completed, and the salary of the auperintendant ceaso, 
 
 i Towards the middle of the 8lh year llio whole of the cash advances will be repaid. 
 
 Having closed tho detail of tho Plan proposuil, too Jiirufli} I fear to merit miicli attention, I may now 
 proceed to sum up, which is briefly done bynmns of TABLE No. IX. exhibiting at a glance the 
 total sum of money paid and received ; that is to say^ the commencement, progress and final result 
 of the undertaking. 
 
 It appears that the cash required to cstabUsh 150 famiUes of paupers amounts to if 1056 78. 3d. of 
 which sum two thirds will be advanced the first |year, and the remainder before tho close of the 
 fourth ; — And that this cash advance will be wholly reimbursed towards the end of the eighth year, 
 after the settlement has been commenced. 
 
 On summing up the various items at^lhe foot of the Tabic, it is found, thai the total repayments 
 txeeed the total advances, by the sum of eioht hundred and seventy sis pounds fourteen 
 SHILLINGS AND FOUR PENCE: viz : that a NETT GAIN wiil bo derived from the enterprise amounting 
 to about FIVE SIXTHS of tho whole sum required to carry it into execution ! — Public undertakings 
 are very rarely charged with interest of money excepting when loans are required ; in tho present 
 instance it is nevertheless calculated, and the ballance of the interest 'account amounts to £114 
 2s Id, which if deducted from the gross gain, would still leave « surplus of ;£762 128 3d! 
 
 
iJ 
 
 s 
 
 ( 30 
 
 If any crodil mn Itc •!( ached lo tliu facts now hroug.^ — ^^.. ^ . -^ 
 ii|>on tlie dituilii entered into ; founded upon, and lupiwrtcd by tho inrorinaii. .. of praclit 
 iniMt capalilu of afl'ording tho boat ; — If, in fine, nu vrry groJ* crruri can b« delectud in tbu piucuding 
 'I'abli:*, it fullowa, that in liou of incurring loii at heretofore, a large profit would result from a proper 
 nyitoin of icltling pauper Kinigranta. That ISO fumiliua of tho poorer claaa of tho natives of this 
 country, or the still mure helpless strangers daily arriving on our ahoreii,— perhaps this nuiiilier 
 doubled or more than doubled, by thei^riends, relatives and acquaintances,— mny be comfortulily 
 and indopondantly citublinlied in any Township in this District ; at an expence (ut\er yeilding tho 
 enormous profit on the outlay already mentioned) which would leave tho sum uf no more tiwu £7 
 18s lOd upon average, to be repaid by the sottlen at their leisure, in cash. 
 
 Hence I trust it may bo safely conceded, even by the most serptical criticisers ef novnltier, by 
 the must timorous In anticipation, that a project which otfurs a return of profit nearly equal to tiia 
 v'liult' amount ofadvonoos, is worthy of some little consideration.— That, if under adverse or unforeseen 
 cirruniRtancea, little may be gained intheshape of direct protit, itisquito imposKiblo that any thing 
 ean be lust : — whilo tho waste lands of tho Crown may bo disposed of, lo tho very best ailvuiitage \ 
 and any number of Townsltips settled in the course of seven or eight years, tiiut persons can be 
 found to occupy. 
 
 In CosrLDsioN, the importonee of the early settlement of the country gcnnrolly, is felt and 
 adiuitied by all. But the necessity ,|absolute and indispunsible necessity of taking t'simriiuiic and etfec- 
 tuul incasureB to sccuro tho invaluable tract e'* country situate between tliu river Choiidiers and 
 lukc Teiniscouata has claimed but little attention, ^<cvertheless, this kty to the C-anadat in a innrc 
 especial nmnner drmauds tho most serious consideration of tlie Imperial liuveriiment, as well as of 
 thr Provincial Lpgisiatun;. Its loss, which wotdd endanger the safety of the wholo country by com- 
 manding the navigation of the river St. Laurence, con only bo averted by encournging the »uri)luji 
 of our brave and loyal population, to extend themselves over tho wasto lands, situate between tho 
 rear of the scignories, oiul tho head waters of the river St. Joiin ; where they will be in equal 
 readiness to toko possossiun of the disputed territory ; or if that is lost by our blundering treaty makers, 
 to defend the small portion of our once "wide patrimuny" that may still be retained. 
 
 Quebec, 16lh Deesmbar. ISM. 
 
 TUI END. 
 
mm 
 
 Jl^>.^-■.'^. 
 
 jT"*^:...^-' 
 
 
 fi^ 
 
 J- 
 
 
 Pii(ro 1, Column Sd, lino 30, 
 
 ' 
 
 ditto 
 
 ditto do. 6-2, 
 
 
 •i, 
 
 ditto 1, do. 4'i, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto S, do. 12, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 88, 
 
 
 3. 
 
 ditto 2,notulino(!, 
 
 
 • '», 
 
 ditto 1, linu 31, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 35, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. r>0, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto 3, do. n, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. Ot, 
 
 
 S 
 
 ditto 1, do. 5, 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ditto 1, do. 20, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 28, 
 
 % 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto 2, do. 54, 
 
 
 1 
 
 ditto 1, last lino, 
 
 
 R 
 
 ditto 1, lino 'oil. 
 
 
 11 
 
 ditto 1, do. 8, 
 
 
 13 
 
 ditto 2, do. 50, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 51, 
 
 
 13 
 
 ditto 1, do. 21, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 30, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. G7, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 71, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto 3 do. G, 
 
 
 14 
 
 ditto 1, do. 14, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 21, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto 2, do. 10, 
 
 
 15 
 
 ditto 8, after « ifcn 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. line 31, 
 
 
 16 
 
 ditto 1, do. 3, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. do. 10, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 ditto do. last lino 
 
 
 Table No. 4. 1837, lino 4, 
 
 
 Fago 19 
 
 do. 21, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 28, 
 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 30, 
 
 
 90 
 
 do. 7, 
 
 
 SI 
 
 do. 5, 
 
 
 t4 
 
 do. 2G, 
 
 
 88 
 
 do. 27, 
 
 
 SO 
 
 do. 22, 
 
 ERnATA. 
 
 for » 4" read « sni 
 
 for u hM* rnud u imvci 
 
 for « Ihtm,* read n it* 
 
 for « (/>i4» ruiid « liiU'i 
 
 for <i ;)iir;)o.tcj» rcml « proposers* 
 
 for «/«i7i» rottd « fiiiU 
 
 for « <*» rcud « nren 
 
 for « Ukvxit rciiil «■ alders* 
 oftor »ic/t((^,.) iii')i;it o itu 
 
 )()r « Ei'imrtun ri;ii(l « oxport* 
 
 for u lialjen read << liavc» 
 
 for « CultivtthUu road « CuUivatcaMci 
 
 for u ConslUuHon retid <i ConsiiliitionaU 
 
 fur u aiau(/oiiiU('» read « abandon'd* 
 
 for u s'trjAnsa rend « siirpluss 
 
 for « 11" read sim 
 
 f >r II 1,101/ » read « in.iy» , 
 
 fi)r ■■ lalmnrsn read « !tibour» 
 
 fiir « ;)i(i'c;i/i> read « patent* 
 
 for II iiiiiK rend « cann 
 
 for « (i;» read « to* 
 
 for II iiio)i//ivii riH'l « month » 
 
 fir « nUaillijx read « steadily* 
 
 for II (/ie» read « liis* 
 
 for II if^iiuritHta rrad « ignorontj> 
 
 for II rerrii-cd» read « reserved)! 
 
 for K deiiiiiiishethi read « diminisiicd* 
 
 for II rninbnrneiiinit't read « reimbursement* 
 :dUr>> iiiscTi II linbit.s^i 
 
 for i< deininiahiii;" rend « diininisliing* 
 
 for « nhewnn read « shc\v» 
 
 for « ttssumptionn tvad n assumptions* 
 
 for « i/im/i/i/n read n quantitya 
 
 for « Iwwhigy rend « hocing» 
 
 for « 111" read « isn 
 
 for II di:minis.'iiit^ '> read « dimmishingu 
 
 for « conntryi read « couiitry» 
 7,' from bottom, for « reembHrshi;;i> read reimbursing" 
 
 for « txiKtfdn read « e.\pccted'> 
 
 for « or» read « t'or» 
 
 for « propmrtioallyy read « proportionally* 
 
 for « (iemaiiJio read « demands* 
 
 ^■^:y^