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 1 2 3 
 
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 2 
 
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 ■■ 
 
SI 
 
 Of the . 
 
 Wl 
 
 A Gl 
 
A COMPEND OF 
 
 Ui- 
 
 SHORT WHIST. ( 
 
 BEING A SUMMARY 
 
 Of the Prindples-Rules-Maxims-Analyses of 
 
 Play— And Inferences, of the Gam. 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX; 
 
 CONTAINING, 
 
 A Glossary of Technical Terms ; The Laws 
 
 governing the Game; And The current 
 
 Oddsy at Short Whist. 
 
 ALL COMPILED FROM THE 
 
 LATEST AUTHORITIES 
 By S. SEYMOUR. 
 
 Civil EnKiiieer. 
 
 e. 
 
 QUKBEC 
 
 PUBLISHED BY CAPT. C. E. HOUWELL, 
 
 ArmM Sea*ton«r. 
 
 Printed by A. CoW * Co. 
 
 1878 
 
THIS LITTLE VOLUME 
 
 JS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 
 
 TO THE GENTLEMEN 
 
 OF THE 
 
 STADACONA CLUB; 
 
 WITH WHOM THE AUTHOR, 
 
 DURING HIS RESIDENCE IN THE CITY OF QUEBEC, 
 
 HAS SPENT MANY PLEASANT HOURS, IN 
 
 COMPANY WITH THE GAME, OF WHICH 
 
 IT TREATS. 
 
 I 
 
i 
 
 EXPLANATORY. 
 
 I 
 
 The idea of becoming identified with a Work 
 of this nature, would probably, never have entered 
 the mind of the Author ; but, for the following, 
 rather amusing incident, which recently occurred 
 in the Whist Rooms of the '' Stadacona Club." 
 
 During the play of a closely contested Rubber, 
 the Author, in Company with the Honorable 
 George Irvine, happened to be over-looking the 
 Hand of Professor James A. Sewell, M. D., of 
 the Laval University ; and ventured, after the 
 Hand was finished, to remark approvingly, to 
 Mr. Irvine, upon some particular feature of the 
 Professor's play. 
 
 The Professor, who evidently overheard, but 
 misunderstood the remark, facetiously replied ; 
 that, if the learned Critics would take the trouble 
 to examine his, the Professor's, forthcoming 
 Work on Whist, they would probably find the 
 Play in question, fully vindicated. 
 
 The Author rejoined, that the Professor's 
 Work, would probably bear the very appropriate 
 Title, of; '' Se-Weil, on Whists But, if it 
 should be found to advocate erroneous princi- 
 ples, he, the Author, would feel called upon to 
 
tv 
 
 Explanatory^ 
 
 publish a Work, in refutation of those principles ; 
 and to give it the much more emphatic Title, of; 
 " Sey-MoHr^ on Whists 
 
 As an excuse for the non-appearance of his 
 Work, the Professor now insists ; that, in order 
 to prevent a counter publication, he sent his 
 Manuscript to the Author, for approval ; and 
 that it has not been returned. 
 
 Should the Professor therefore find, in the 
 following Pages, an imperfect Reflex of his own 
 proposed Work ; the Author craves pardon for 
 having once more, and very thoughtlessly, dealt 
 out of his turn. 
 
 I) 
 
 ^ 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 1 1, 
 
 4 
 
 The principal object of the Author, in col- 
 lating, condensing, revising, and publishing, the 
 information contained in the following unpre- 
 tending Work, has been, to supply an element in 
 IV/iis^ Literature, which, it seems to him, has 
 long been wanting, viz : an Abstract, or Sum- 
 mary, in a concise, and logical form, of the 
 most important facts, and considerations, that 
 should be thoroughly impressed upon the minds 
 of those who attempt to play the Game of Whist. 
 In existing Works upon the subject, almost 
 everything that is required, may be found, after 
 a long and diligent search ; but, when found, it 
 is often clothed in so much Verbiage, that the 
 searcher after the Kernel, becomes so con- 
 fused, if not entirely lost, amongst the Chaff; 
 that the point, or force of the information, 
 seldom leaves any very permanent impression, 
 either upon the mind, or memory. While, at the 
 same time, the anticipated delay and trouble, 
 attending such a search, very often prevents the 
 Player from making a reference, or consulting 
 an authority ; which otherwise might be of very 
 great, and permanent service to him. 
 
VI 
 
 ImSfTiicmctory, 
 
 Probably, not ooaecase in a hundred ; certainly, 
 not one in ten, whtie reference is, or should be 
 made, to some eraiilb)llit»hed authority, respecting 
 any questionable ^m^t ; requires any further 
 answer, than a siim^p-ilk* and concise statement of 
 a fact, or principle :: mA therefore, an effort has 
 been made in the gir^t-sent work, to dispense with 
 all superfluous jnaaffiitHr,. by reducing the entire 
 theory and practice (Q)tft&e game, down to their 
 lowest possible teimiH^ 
 
 While endeavorina^ co accomplish the above 
 object, during intorrjilii of leisure, the Author is 
 conscious of ha\TH|r mtceived so much benefit 
 himself ; not onhr. mnom a necessarily increased 
 familiarity withtbe^ganieral principles, and details 
 of the Game ; l^uit ji&©v in consequence of its 
 strengthening effcwiit upon a naturally weak, and 
 treacherous WhiM Mdmory ; that he ventures 
 to hope, that tlie mtirnilt of his labors, as pre- 
 sented in the foBowrjn^ form, may prove equally 
 beneficial to others 
 
 4 
 
 Quebec, Januanr D^jt^ 1878. 
 
I 
 
 4 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 OF THE COMPEND. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 I. General Principles i 
 
 II. Rules and Maxims 5 
 
 III. The Strongest Suit 8 
 
 IV. The Tbump Suit lo 
 
 V. The Plain Suits 17 
 
 VI. Inferences from the Play 23 
 
 VII. Concluding Remarks 28 
 
 OF THE APPENDIX. 
 
 I. Glossary of Technical Terms .... i 
 
 11. Laws of the Game 5 
 
 III. Current Odds 19 
 
i 
 
 : 
 
 \. 
 
 Registered in the office of the Minister of Agrioulturei 
 in conformity with the law passed by the Parliament of 
 Canada ; in the year 1878, by C. E. iloliwell. 
 
1 
 
 t 
 
 A COMPEND OF SHORT WHIST, 
 
 ■•o*- 
 
 I. 
 
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 
 
 The Technical terms, Laws and Penalties, 
 pertaining to Shoit Whist, (See Appendix), are 
 substantially the same as those lor Long, or 
 Ten-Point Whist ; and the theory, or general 
 .principles of the Game, are also the same, 
 except in the following particulars. 
 
 1. The Game consists oi Five, instead oiTen 
 points ; each trick above six, counting one 
 point 
 
 2. Honors are Xitvox called, as at eight points, 
 in Long Whist ; but they are counted, after 
 play icg the hand, except at Four points. 
 
A Compend of Short Whist 
 
 <^ 
 
 3. The winners of the Game, gain what is 
 termed a Single, when more than two points 
 have been scored against them ; a DoubUy when 
 on!y one or two points have been scored against 
 them ; and a Treble^ when there is no score 
 against them. 
 
 4. The winners of the Rubber, (unless oth^r^ 
 wise agreed upon), gain two additional, or Rubber 
 points. 
 
 5. Should the Riibbet consist of three games ; 
 the points made by the loser?, are deducted 
 froni the gross score of the winners. 
 
 The field, or chances for experiment, and 
 speculation, being thus much more contracted, 
 xti Short, than in Long Whist ; it is very properly 
 considered of much greater importance, ta secure 
 evtry possible trick, by bold straight-forward play j 
 and thus, to either make, or save the game; 
 jhan, by finessing and under-play, to take the 
 tisk of losing one trek, in the hope of making 
 two, or even more, afterward-. 
 ' There are cases, however, where yf«<r^5^,e/«^^. 
 play, or tv^ra false-cards, are not only admissible^ 
 but quite justifiable, in Short Whist ; such for 
 instance, as when either subterfuge becomes the 
 last hope fpr making the odd-trick ; or, foir 
 winning, or saving a game^ that would otherwise 
 be'ld^t*' ■■''■' '^''^'^_^'^^ '.')r'^. tr^s^^-fi ".rjfi" ,. tu 
 
 ' There are ali^ eaids, whe#e t)oth/«««^, and 
 
 *? 
 

 General Principles, 
 
 under-play may be resorted to, with ve y little, 
 or no u.t mate risk ; wh le the prospective 
 advantages would be very cons derable. 
 
 But 4II considerations of the above nature 
 generally depend so much upon the 3tate of the 
 score, or game ; as well as upon inferences from 
 previous play, that proper action can only be 
 based upon them, at the time ; and according to 
 the best judgment and skill of the player. 
 
 It should be remembered, that the two 
 Partners, at a game of Whist, are Allies against 
 two Adversaries, in a contest to be carried fjfn, 
 under certain Laws and Conventions, that are 
 assumed to be known, and agreed to, by botk 
 ^P^ties. 
 
 -Hence, it is expected, that each Player wW 
 act in perfect harmony with his Partner, \g^ 
 axfording him all possible information respecting 
 the strength of his hand, in the different suits $ 
 and also, by aiding him in winning tricks ; aad 
 in checking, or defeating the Adversary, on aft 
 possible occasions. 
 
 At the commencement, or opening of a game 
 Df Whist, the considerations which are to gov€;r« 
 the play of each fiand, are entirely vague ao4 
 la^icertain ; except so far as they may be infene4 
 from the knowledge of one's own hand ; and the 
 fact, that ^ certain trunip card has been turned 
 up by the dealer. Each player, therefore, except 
 Ithe dealer, knows the position of only /otirteem 
 
A Compend of Short Whist. 
 
 cards, out of the fifty-two ; and the dealer, of 
 only thirteen. 
 
 Owing to chances, in cards ; it is not probable 
 that any Player ever held two precisely similar 
 hands ; and, even if he had done so, it is not 
 even possible that he should have played them 
 under precisely the same conditions. 
 
 The ^^ Doctrine of FrobabilitieSy^^ as based 
 upon the above facts ; together with the aid of 
 certain General Rules, and Maxims, which are 
 based upon both theory and experience, must 
 therefore be reled upon as the only guides in 
 0pening the game; whereas, as the play advances^ 
 each player is able to draw almost certain 
 inferences, as to the position of the remaining 
 cards ; so that, towards the termination of the 
 band, the position of at least, every material 
 card, may be known. * . 
 
 ''%txy , 
 
 Km y 
 
 
Rules and Maxii9is, 
 
 II. 
 
 f 
 
 'I 
 
 
 RULES AND MAXIMS. 
 
 «x.j\U'^"; '-Jni ^A.. ■ ' 
 
 The generally received Rules, and Maxims, 
 for playing the game, as being applicable to 
 the greatest number of ordinary hands, maybe 
 briefly stated as follows : 
 
 First Hand, leads from its strongest suit 
 Second Hand, plays its lowest card- 
 Third Hand, plays its highest card. 
 Fourth Hand, takes the trick, if po s'ble. 
 
 Count your cards, and arrange them systematic- 
 ally, before commencing to play. 
 
 Note carefully, and remember the tumed-up . 
 trump. 
 
 Take careful note of the state of the score, and 
 game. 
 
 Consider the relative strength of your diflerent 
 suits. 
 
 Watch closely, and remember the fall of the 
 cards, as they are played. 
 
 Play to make every possible trick ; and to either 
 win^ or save the game. 
 
 Open the game with your strongest suit 
 
 Lead trumps, when very strong in them. 
 
 \j^j2A from your strongest plain suit 
 
A Contprnd* of Short Whist 
 
 lead the lowest of a suit, having only numerical 
 
 strength. 
 Jtead the highest, of a numerically weak suit. * 
 Lead the second highest, of a Head Sequence, 
 Lead the highest, of an Intermediate Sequence. 
 Lead through strength, and up to weakness, 
 Avoid leading from a suit, containing on'y one 
 
 or two low cards. 
 Win with the lowest possible card. 
 Heturn your partner's lead, as a general rule } 
 
 always in trumps. 
 jReturn the highest of a three suit ; the lowest 
 
 of a four suit. 
 ©iscard first, from your weakest suit ; then from 
 
 next weakest. 
 Keep thi command of the Adversary's strong 
 
 suit. 
 Get rid of the command of your Partner's strong 
 
 suit. 
 Force a strong trump hand of the Adversary. 
 Avoid finessing, in your Partner's strong suit. 
 Avoid trumping a doubtful trick, if strong ia 
 
 trumps. 
 Avoid forcing your Partner, if weak in trumps 
 
 yourself. 
 Avoid changing suits, in ordinary' cases, until 
 
 af:er two or three rounds. 
 Avoid playing false, or deceptive cards. 
 Jk is better to inform your Partner, than to 
 
 deceive the Adversary. 
 
 II 
 
Rttlei and Maxims, 
 
 f 
 
 Retain the turn-up trump, in hand, as long as 
 
 possible. 
 Be very careful, neither to revoke, nor to expos^ 
 
 a card. ^ ) 
 
 Always call your Partner's attention to his 
 
 Renounce, 
 
 There being, however, " Exceptions to all 
 General Rules " ; and, perhaps, a wider range 
 of exceptions to those that may, or can be applied 
 to the game of Whist, than to any others ; it is 
 deemed advisable to analyze, as far as possible, 
 the proper plays from the different hands ; as 
 well as from the different suits in each hand ; in 
 order that th j principles upon which these Rules 
 and Maxims ; and also the exceptions thereto, 
 are founded, may be well understood. 
 
•^"'^•f^^'mmmmm 
 
 s 
 
 A Campend of Short Whist, 
 
 •^-'r^';rif 
 
 III. 
 
 THE STONGEST SUIT. 
 
 The fact, that the Initial play, is governed by 
 the Strongest suit held by the first, or opening 
 hand of the game, renders it proper to consider, 
 in the first instance, the nature of this suit. 
 
 The last card dealt, and turned up from the 
 pack, being the Trump Card; the suit to which 
 it belongs, enjoys the privilege of winning every 
 other suit ; hence, the winning Trumps, must 
 always take tricks. 
 
 Everything else being equal, therefore, the 
 Trump suit must always be regarded as the 
 Strongest 
 
 The Strongest, either of Trump, or Plain 
 suits, is the one which combines the greatest 
 number of Honors, with numerical strength. 
 
 The Second strongest suit, is the one which 
 combines ^///^^if/'/Vw/ strength, with the strongest 
 Intermediate Sequence. 
 
 The Third strongest suit, is one having only 
 numerical strength. 
 
 One Honor in each suit, being the average for 
 each hand, a suit, although numerically weak> 
 may yet be strong, in having more than its 
 
Tkg Strongest Stdit 
 
 proportion of /ligA cards ; a suit may also "be 
 strongj in having more than the average number 
 of cards. Hence a suit of /our cards, has numer- 
 ical strength ; while a suit of three cards, is 
 numerically weak. 
 
 It should also be observe i, that, during tha 
 first, or second round of Trumps, the fall of the 
 cards may indicate, quite clearly, the locality of 
 almost every remaining Trump; and thus en~ 
 able the Player to decide, as to the expediency 
 of continuing Trumps, before declaring his strong 
 Plain Suit. 
 
 The same may also be said, of the indications 
 afforded by the fall of the cards, during the first, 
 or second round of a Plain Suit. 
 
 Hence, as the game advances, through its 
 thirteen successive stages of development, the 
 relative strength, or value of each suit, may be 
 as constantly changing \ until, by means of the 
 exhaustion of Trumps, and the control of the 
 lead; the lowest cards in one suit, may become 
 of quite as much value, as the Ace and King of 
 another suit. 
 
 It is therefore of the greatest importance, to 
 watch closely the fall of the cards ; in order ta 
 be able to resort to every expedient that may 
 become necessary, for the purpose of securing 
 all the advantages that justly belong to a strong 
 commanding suit. 
 
 \ 
 
J0 
 
 A Contpend of Short Whist. 
 
 IV. 
 
 THE TRUMP SUIT. 
 
 
 The next point, in order of importance, may 
 very properly be regarded, as being, ? he relative 
 value, and proper uses of the Trump suit, ■. 
 
 For reasons already stated, the Trump suit is 
 the most difficult to manage; as well as the 
 most important of all others. 
 
 The special uses of Trumps are; ist, to 
 disarm the Adversary, and thus prevent his 
 trumping winning cards; and, 2d, to, trump 
 the winning cards of the Adversary. 
 
 It therefore becomes apparent, that, with one 
 or more strong suits established, or fully under 
 control, the first object should be, to exhaust 
 the Adversary's trumps ; and then, either with 
 a long trump, or other controlling card^ to bring 
 in the strong suit. 
 
 It is also equally important, to prevent similar 
 designs, on the part of the Adversary. 
 
 Therefore : ' 
 
 I. As a general rule, there can be no great 
 risk, while great advantages may be gained, by 
 leading from a strong suit of trumps ; whatever 
 may be the strength of other suits. 
 
'The Trump Suit 
 
 ft 
 
 , 
 
 2. With four trumps, two being Honors ; or 
 wit 1 fiy^ trumps, one being an Honor ; or with 
 six small trumps, it is quite safe to proceed to 
 disann the Adversary, before waiting to establish 
 a strong plain suit. 
 
 3. The fact, that an Honor is turned up to 
 the right, should not necessarily prevent a trump 
 lead : nor should trumps necessarily be led, 
 because an Honor is turned up to the left \ 
 either lead being proper, if the circumstances 
 of the hand require it. 
 
 4. On the o.her hand, trump leads, without 
 strength in trumps, can only be justified, either 
 for the purpose of stopping a cross-ruff^ present 
 or prospective ; or, with great commanding 
 strength in at least two other suits ; in which 
 cases, it is generally desirable to take out two 
 rounds, or more. 
 
 5. A trump lead from Partner, should always 
 be returned immediately, unless it is evidently 
 a lead from 7veakness ; or, unless it is quite 
 apparent that a certain advantage may be gained, 
 by leading another suit. 
 
 6. If one of the Adversaries be found without 
 a trump, it is often advisable to proceed at once 
 to play, or establish a strong suit ; instead of 
 drawing only one trump, for two. 
 
 7. On the Dther hand, if Partner is found 
 without trumps, it is frequently advisable to 
 weaken the Adversaries, by continuing a trump 
 
13 
 
 A Comftmd^f Short Whisi. 
 
 lead, even thoii^ itr be their own original lead. 
 
 8. If your Putuner asks for a lead in trumps^ 
 by any of the jdkmoparledged signals, viz ; by 
 playing an umieotsiainly high card ; or, by 
 refusing to trump aSDe Adversary's winning trick ; 
 or, by declining a iftwce ; and you hold four or 
 more trumps, lead ttfee smallest, unless you hold 
 three Honors, or tQuBeen^ Knave and Ten ; but 
 if you hold only tmit or three trumps, lead from 
 the highest downmaiird^y whatever they are. 
 
 9. \{ strong m, Uninnmjps. it is not good play to 
 trump a doubtfuil C3ff«£ ; by which is meant, one 
 of a suit of wtiich ywioar Partner may hold the 
 best ; for the »eas®c% that, by declining to 
 trump, you give fmm Partner a chance ; and, at 
 the same time, mejcirve your trumps, for the 
 purpose of bra^img im a strong suit. An oppor-s 
 tunity is also thiis aniairded, for throwing away a 
 losing card ; by wSniicSD y:«ir Partner is informed, 
 not only of j^our saength in trumps ; but of 
 your weak suit, vaaadslao,. of your probable strong 
 suits. 
 
 10. On the comutinffirT^ if weak in trumps, it is 
 often advisable to ttmnnioip a doubtful card ; and 
 thus save your tnaanDjps from being drawn by the 
 strong hand. Y«m ailka indicate weakness in^ 
 trumps, to your Famnift^ ; and at the same time^^ 
 have an oppoitnaaiittr to establish your '. strong 
 suit . 
 
 -I. I. With Q':^fiaur tantJips, and a powerful 
 
The Trump Suit 
 
 n 
 
 hand besides, you should neither take a force ; 
 nor trump a certain winning card ; nor over- 
 trump your right hand Adversary, unless you 
 are certain that you either control the balance 
 of the trumps ; or have other winning cards, with 
 which to bring in your strong suit. 
 
 I i. With six trumps, you should be sufficiently 
 strong to trump, and then to lead trumps ; with 
 five^ you may do the same, provided your strong 
 suit is established. 
 
 13. It is generally good play, to force a strong 
 trump suit of your Adversary ; and, if he refuses 
 to take the force, continue it ; and thus, if pos- 
 sible, prevent his bringing in his strong suit. 
 
 14. On the contrary, it is bad policy to 
 intentionally force a weak Adversary ; also to 
 lead a suit, to which both Adversaries renounce. 
 
 15. If numerically strong in trumps, you may 
 at your discretion, force your Partner ; and rely 
 upon your own strength, either to disarm your 
 Adversaries, or to bring in your strong suit 
 
 16. If you are weak in trumps, do not force 
 your Partner, for the reason that it weakens his 
 hand ; and may strengthen the Adversary. 
 
 17. It follows, therefore, that if you persistently 
 force your Partner, he has a right to assume that 
 you are strong in trumps ; and vice versa, 
 
 18. It may, however, though weak in trumps 
 yourself, be expedient to force your Partner, 
 when he has already shown a desire to be forced ; 
 
^4 
 
 A Compend of SJiort Whist 
 
 or, when you have a cross-ruff, which secures 
 several tricks ; or, when playing a close game> 
 either for the odd trick, or to save or win thie 
 ganie ; or, when great strength in thumps ^ 
 evidently against you. 
 
 19. If your Partner leads a thirteenth card ; or 
 the winning card of a suit, in which either of the 
 Adversaries renounce, it is generally safe to 
 assume that it is done to force the Adversary, 
 and not yourself; and your play should be 
 governed accordingly. 
 
 20, If you hold, originally, more than four 
 trumps, you indicate the fact to your Partner, 
 by first playing the lowest but one ; and after- 
 wards playing the lowest 
 
 2/. In some cases, trumps are led> and played^ 
 like plain suits, because they are the strongest ; 
 and it is preferable to lead them, rather than to 
 open a weak suit. In such cases the details of 
 the play from the trump suit, will be embodied 
 in a separate " Analysis of play in jpiain suits, " 
 . 22, But in a majority of cases, it will be found 
 expedient to modify the details of the play in 
 trunops, from the details in Plain suits f in eoii*, 
 formity with the following $pecific directions. 
 
 -A 
 > ^ 
 
 '^.^ 
 
The Trump Suit 
 
 Af 
 
 ANALYSIS OF PLAY IN TRUMPS. 
 
 First Hand, with : 
 Ace, King, and Queen, lead Queen. 
 Ace^ King, and less than five small ones, lead 
 
 the smallest. 
 Ace, King, Queen, and others, lead the lowest of 
 
 the head Sequence. 
 Ace, Kinq, Knave, and two or more others, lead 
 
 King, then Ace. 
 Ace, Queen, Ten, Nine, T»nd others, lead the 
 
 lowest of the Ten, Nine Sequence, unless 
 
 Knaye is turned up to the right ; when lead 
 
 Queen. 
 Ace, Knave, Ten, Nine, if Queen is turned up 
 
 to your left, lead Ace, then Knave ; but 
 
 otherwise the Nine. 
 A^e, and four or more small ones, lead the 
 
 smallest, unless with seven trumps; when 
 
 lead the Ace. % 
 
 Kingj Queen^ and two or more small ones, lead 
 
 the smallest, unless one is the Ten, or yo^ 
 
 hold seven trumps ; when, lead the King, 
 
 aiid if it wins, follow with the smallest. 
 King^ Knave, Ninty and others, if Ten is turned 
 
 tip to ypur right, generally lead the Knavei 
 Queen, Knave^ Nine, and others, if Ten is turned 
 
 up to y<»ur right, lead Queen, 
 Knave, Ten, Eight, and others, if Nine is turned 
 
 up to your right, generally lead the Knave- 
 Ten, Nine, Eight, dr*r., lead Ten, 
 
\f6 
 
 A Compend of Short Whist 
 
 Second Hand, with : 
 Acej King, and small ones, generally play the 
 
 smallest. 
 ^ce, Queen, Knave, if King is turned up to your 
 
 left, play the Ace. 
 Ace, Queen, Ten, play the Ten. 
 Ace, Knave, Ten, and one or more small ones, 
 
 play the Ten. 
 
 King, Queen, and others, play the smallest, 
 unless you have Ten also ; or only three of 
 the suit ; when play the Queen. 
 
 King or Queen, turned up by yourself; and oiily 
 singly guarded, generally play the turn-up 
 card. 
 
 King or ^een, singly guarded ; and superior 
 Honor turned up to your right, play the 
 King, or Queen ; but if the superior Honor 
 is turned up to your left, play the small one. 
 
 Queen, and another, if your partner has turned 
 up Ace, or King, play the small one. 
 
 If you have numerical strength in Trumps ; and 
 a good hand besides, it is seldom good 
 policy to play the winning trump, in the 
 second round. 
 
 For all other plays in Trumps, ^tt the following 
 Analysis of play \n Piain Suits, " 
 
 u 
 
 \ ■^• 
 
 \ 
 
 ^^^.. ■,'^yJ ^ .-i- 
 
The Plain Suits, 
 
 n 
 
 lay the 
 to your 
 
 V. 
 
 THE PLAIN SUITS. 
 
 ;f 
 
 1 ones, 
 
 nallest, 
 bree of 
 
 id oiily 
 urn-up 
 
 perior 
 ly the 
 lonor 
 1 one. 
 irned 
 
 and 
 good 
 the 
 
 w^ing 
 
 The fact, that, for reasons already stated, 
 Plain Suits are of much less value than Trump 
 suits of equal denominations, and numbers ; 
 renders it quite apparent, that the //^ftoTf of their 
 play, should differ somewhat from the details of 
 play in Trumps, 
 
 The first, and most important consideration, 
 therefore, for the leader to determine, before 
 opening the Game, should be, whether to lead 
 from Trumps, or from Plain suits ; and in case 
 it is decided to open with a Plain suit, the next 
 important considerations are, to determine, not 
 only the particular suit from which to lead ; but 
 also the correct card to lead from that suit ; 
 upon a proper determination of which points, 
 very frequently depends the entire success of the 
 Game< 
 
 It not being within the scope of the present 
 work, to discuss at any length, the reasons for 
 or against ary particular Theory, or Play ; 
 reference is .it one 3 made, to the following 
 Analysis ; which alst? includes the Trump suity 
 unless otherwise nottd. 
 
 
j8 
 
 A Compend of Short IVhist 
 
 ANALYSIS OF PLAY IN PLAIN SUITS, 
 
 First Hand, with : 
 
 Ace J King and Queen ; lead King, then Queen. 
 
 {For Trumps See Page 15.) 
 Ace, King, Knave, and others, lead King, then 
 
 Ace } and if Queen does not fall, play small 
 
 one. 
 Ace, King^ and others, lead King, then Ace. 
 
 {For Trumps See Page 15.) 
 Ace, Queen, Knave, ana others, lead Ace, then 
 
 Queen. 
 Ace, Queen, Ten, Nin', lead Nine ; unless with 
 
 other small cards, when lead Ace. {For 
 
 Trumps See Page 15.) 
 Ace, Knave, Ten, Nine, lead Ace, then Knave. 
 
 {For Trumps See Page 15.) 
 In all other suits headed by Ace, lead the 
 
 smallest, except with four or more small 
 
 ones, when lead Ace. {For Trumps See 
 
 Page 15.) 
 King, Queen, Knave and Ten, lead the Ten. 
 King, Queen, Knave, and one small one, lead the 
 
 King, and continue with Queen ; -then, if 
 
 Ace does not fall, play small one. 
 King, Queen, Knave, and more than one small 
 
 *" one, lead the Knave. 
 Ktng, Queen, and spiall ones, lead K ng ; and if 
 
 it wins, play iftiall one. (For Trumps See 
 
 Pageis.) 
 
Analysis of PLiy in Plain Suits. if 
 
 Kin;, Knave, and oih rs, lead the lowe^'t ; with 
 
 Ten also, leid the Ten ; and wi:h others 
 
 in Sequence, lead the lowest of thc'S^quence. 
 
 {For Trumps See Page 15.) 
 In other Numerically Strong suits ^ headed by 
 
 King, lead the lowest. 
 Queen, Knave and Ten, lead the Queen ; and if 
 
 she wins, follow with Knave. 
 Queen, Knave, Nine, and others^ lead the smallest 
 
 (For Trumps See Page 15.) 
 Queen, Knave, and two or more small oneSy lead 
 
 the lowest. 
 In other Numerically Stron; suits, headed hf 
 
 Queen, lead the lowest. 
 Knave, Ten, Nine, and others, lead the Knave* 
 Knave, Ten, Eight, and others, lead the smaliesL 
 
 {For Trumps See Page 15.) 
 In othe- Numerically Strong suits, headed by 
 
 Knave, lead the lowest. 
 In ail suits of four cards, without an Honor, 
 
 generally lead the lowest ; except w th Ten, 
 
 Nine, Eight, &c., when, lead the Ten, 
 In all suits of more than four cards, without 
 
 commanding strength, begin with the lowest 
 
 but one. 
 In the ;econd round of a suit, if you hold the 
 
 winning card, generally lead it If you 
 
 hold the second and third best, generally 
 
 lead the second best ; in other cases, the 
 
 lowest 
 
20 
 
 A Compend of Short WhisL 
 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 \ f: 
 
 V 
 
 11 
 
 :■ il 
 
 i* '\ 
 
 I 
 
 ! { 
 
 Second Hand, with : 
 
 Ace, and King, with or without others, play King. 
 (For Trumps, See Page i6.) 
 
 Axe, Queen, and Knave, play the Knave ; with 
 Ten also, or others belonging to the Se- 
 quence, play the lowest of the Sequence. 
 (For Trumps, See Page i6.) 
 
 Ace, Queen and Ten, play the Queen. (For 
 Trumps, See Page i6.) 
 
 Ace, Queen, and one or two small anes, play the 
 smallest, unless Knave is led ; when, play 
 Ace. 
 
 Ace, Queen, and three or more smcdl ones, play 
 Queen, if weak in trumps ; otherwise a 
 small one. 
 
 Ace, Knave, Ten, and one or more small ones, 
 play the smallest (For Trumps, See Page i6.) 
 
 Ak:e, and four or more small ones, generally play 
 a small one on the first round, unless the 
 game is in a critical state, and you are weak 
 in trumps ; but if you suspect a single card 
 is led, it is often advisable to play the Ace. 
 
 King, Queen, and others, play Queen. (For 
 Trumps, See Page i6.) 
 
 King, Knave, Ten, and otturs, play the lowest, 
 unless with Nine, &c., when, play the lowest 
 of the Knave Sequence. 
 
 AV>i^, and other small cards, play the lowest. 
 
Analysis of Flay in Plain Suits. 2t 
 
 J* 
 
 
 With Sequences, composed of Queen, Knave, &c ; 
 
 or Knai^e, Ten, &c. ; or Ten, Nine, &c., 
 
 generally cover the lead, unless you hold 
 
 more than three cards of the suit : when. 
 
 play the smallest. 
 With one Honor, and only one small card, gene- 
 rally pass the trick, if a small card is led. 
 
 {For Trumps, See Fage i6.) 
 With Queen, and one other, if Ten is led, play 
 
 the Queen ; but with two others, pass it. 
 
 {For Trumps, See Fage 16.) 
 With Knave, and t7uo or more small ones, if Ten 
 
 is led, generally play a small one. 
 With a higher Honor^ and Numerical Weakness^ 
 
 if an Honor is led, cover it. 
 With only one Honor, and Numerical Strength^ 
 
 if an Honor is led, pass it ; except y ^u hold 
 
 the Ace ; when, play Ace. 
 If Knave is led, and you hold Queen, Ten, and 
 
 others, play the Queen. 
 With the winning card, in the second round of a 
 
 suit, gen. rally play it. {For Trumps, See 
 
 Fage 16.) 
 
 Third Hand, with ; 
 
 Ace, King, with or without others, if a low card 
 is led, play the lowest of a head Sequence;, 
 and return the highest. 
 
 Ace, Queen, and others, or with the Knave, ia- 
 
92 
 
 A Compend of Short Whist. 
 
 : 
 
 I:ii 
 
 eluded, you may sometimes finesse^ by 
 playing the Queen, or one of the Queen 
 Sequence ; althou h t is contrary to prin- 
 ciple to finesse either in the lead, or Strong 
 suit of your Partner. 
 
 Aic, and others, if Queen is led, play the lowest. 
 
 Ace, Knave, and only one small cant, if Ten is 
 led, play the small one. 
 
 Ace, as only Honor, if Ten is led, play low card. 
 
 Queen, as only Honor^ if Ten is led, play low 
 card. 
 
 if you hold the winning card ; and but one trick 
 is required to either make the odd ; or to 
 win or save the game, always play it. 
 
 Fourth Hand : 
 
 With few exceptions, the fourth player has 
 merely to take the trick, if not already won 
 by his Partner ; and if won, to play either 
 the lowest card of the suit led ; or, if he 
 holds none, to discard from his weakest 
 suit. 
 
 The principal excei)tions are, when the fourth 
 player desires to secure the next lead ; or 
 some other consideration equally impor- 
 tant ; all of which must depend upon pre- 
 vious indications, and the fall of the cards ; 
 together with the judgment, and skill of the 
 player. 
 
Inferences from the Flay. 
 
 23 
 
 VI. 
 
 INFERENCES FROM THE PLAY. 
 
 It has been remarked, that ; "as the play 
 advances, each player is able to draw almost 
 certain tnferettces, as to the position of the re- 
 maining cards, &c. " ; and it therefore follows, 
 that the indications from which these inferences 
 are drawn, should, at the same time, afford very 
 important, if not almost certain guides, as to the 
 proper play of the balance of the hand. 
 
 The most important of these indication?, or 
 inferences, nearly all of which are deducible 
 from the foregoing "Analyses of Play," from the 
 respective hands, and suits; may be briefly 
 stated, as follows : 
 
 1. The first lead indicates the player's strong- 
 est suit. 
 
 2. If the first lead is a trump, it indicates 
 that the player is either unusually strong in 
 trumps . or that he is unusually strong in two or 
 more Plain suits. 
 
 3. I ; the first lead is from a Plain suit, it 
 indicates that it is the player's strongest suit ; 
 also, that he is not unusually strong in trumps. 
 
 ilk 
 
'' 
 
 H 
 
 A Compend of Short Wkist 
 
 B! Il'') 
 
 1 Ihi 
 
 4. If Ace is led, and followed by Queen, it 
 indicates that the player also holds the Knave^ 
 
 5. If Ace is led, and followed by a small one, 
 it indicates, either that the player has none 
 other ; or, that he holds Queen, and several 
 small ones ; or, that he originally held four or 
 more small ones. 
 
 6. If King is led, it indicates that the player 
 also holds, either Ace, or Queen, or both. 
 
 7. If King is led, and not followed by another, 
 it indicates that the player holds also, the Ace 
 and Knave. 
 
 8. If Queen is led, it indicates that the player 
 also holds the Knave, and Ten ; but neither 
 Ace, ro" King. 
 
 9. If Knave is led, it indicates that the playe^ 
 also holds Ten, Nine, and others. 
 
 10. If Ten is led, it indicates that the player 
 also holds, either King, Queen and Knave ; or 
 King, Knave and Ten ; or that he has led from 
 the highest of the suit 
 
 11. If either a Nine, or an Eight is led, it 
 indicates that it is, either from the player's nu- 
 merically weak suit : or that it is one of a strong 
 intermediate Sequence. 
 
 12. If a very small card is led, it indicates 
 that it is, either the payer's numerically strong 
 suit ; or, that he holds Ace, and at least two 
 others 3 or King, and at least three others. 
 
Inferences from the Play. 
 
 ^5 
 
 13. If Second Hand plays Ace, to a small 
 card, it indicates, that the player either holds 
 none other ; or that he holds at least four others, 
 each of which is smaller than the one led. 
 
 14. If Second Hand plays King, to a small 
 one, it indicates, either that the player holds 
 Ace also ; or (except in trumps) that he holds 
 none other. 
 
 15. If Second Hand plays Queen, to a small 
 one, it indicates that the player holds, either 
 King ; or Ace, and Ten ; or none other. 
 
 16. If Second Hand plays a lower card than 
 is led, it indicates that it is the player's lowest 
 card in the suit. 
 
 17. If Second Hand trumps a doubtful trick, 
 it indicates that the player is weak in trumps. 
 
 18. If Secon I Hand reno mces, avid avoids 
 trumping a doubtful trick, it indicates that the 
 player is strong in trumps. 
 
 19. If Third Hand plays Ace, first round, it 
 indicates that the player holds neither King, 
 nor Queen. 
 
 20. If Th'rd Hand wins with King, or Queen, 
 first round, and returns a trump, it indicates 
 that the player, either holds the other command- 
 ing cards ; or that he has great numerical 
 strength in the suit 
 
 21. If Third Hand wins the trick, and returns 
 the lead from another Plain suit, it indicates. 
 
26 
 
 A Cim^hrmd of Short Whist. 
 
 either that he Ixk none other of the suit led ; or, 
 that before retninimiig it he wishes to declare his 
 OHTi strong suit 
 
 22. If FoiHi3a Hand follows suit, and does not 
 win the trick, it iin»fcates that the player has no 
 higher card, thsm tifoe one against him. 
 
 23. If Foui13d tLind wins the trick with any 
 card, it indicates nfinat the player holds no lower 
 card, with which Bat could win. 
 
 24. If ForniEb Hind renounces, and decline ^ 
 to win a trick "by tnnimping, it indicates that the 
 player, either iuK ino) trump ; or, that the sacri- 
 fice of the trump) msaT prove fatal t3 his strong 
 suit, or winning (cuinife. 
 
 25. If any pibwrttr persists in forcing his 
 Partner, it indicatifs chat such player is st ong 
 in trumps ; aod ^its^ersa. 
 
 26. It any pliwrar plays an unnecessari'y high 
 card ; 'and foDows \ridi a lower ; or, declines 
 to trump a certaim averse trick ; or, refuses to 
 take a force, it iiwikates that such player desires 
 a lead in trump?- 
 
 27. Any card jpib^ed from second, third, or 
 fourth hand, indiioiQt^ that the player does not 
 hold ihe next low^etc card. 
 
 28. An Original ifecard indicates the player's 
 weakest suit 
 
 29. A forced dtscHrd indicates that it is from 
 the player's best jntsDtcted suit. 
 
Inferences from the Play, 
 
 27 
 
 30. A discard of the best card in a suit ; 
 indicates that the player holds the next best, if 
 not the full command of the suit. 
 
 31. A discard of the second best card in a 
 suit, indicates that the player has no more. 
 
 32. If the lowest card but one, of a suit, is 
 led originally, it indicates that the suit contains 
 more than four cards. 
 
 33. If a player trumps with his lowest card 
 but one, and then leads the lowest, it indicates 
 that he held, orig'nal'y, more than four tramps. 
 
I 
 
 28 
 
 A Compend of SJiort Whist, 
 
 VII. 
 CONCLUDING REMARKS. 
 
 P 
 
 
 V !l 
 
 n 
 
 It is believed, that quite enough has been 
 said, to show that Whist, is a highly intellectual, 
 and instructive ; as well as a fascinating Game ; 
 and that, to play it well, requires the exercise of 
 sound jndgment, quick peireption, and a retentive 
 memory. 
 
 It is also quite clear, that, everything else 
 being equal, the strongest combination of these 
 attributes, or faculties ; when associated with 
 the greatest degree of practical knowledge of the 
 rules and principles of the Game, will be quite 
 sure to gain the victory. 
 
 The Game therefore becomes, much more, 
 one of l7itellict, than of Chance, 
 
 A naturally weak, and err ing judgment, cannot 
 be very much improved, even by the longest 
 practice ; neither can perceptive faculties, which 
 are naturally dull and sluggish, be materially 
 quickened, and sharpened, by a resort to any 
 ordinary expedient. 
 
 A defective memory, however, may be very 
 materially strengthened and improved, by proper, 
 patient, and unremitted effort ; and so much 
 
Concluding Remarks, 
 
 29 
 
 5 been 
 ectual, 
 Game; 
 cise of 
 efentive 
 
 g else 
 
 f these 
 
 i with 
 
 of the 
 
 quite 
 
 more, 
 
 :annot 
 )ngest 
 which 
 ^rially 
 o any 
 
 very 
 roper, 
 much 
 
 I 
 
 
 depends upon this element of success, that no 
 pains should be spared, in bringing it to the 
 [greatest possible degree of perfection. 
 
 To do this successfully, the forgetful Player^ 
 should commence, by remembering the turn-up 
 trump card. Then continue by counting and 
 remembering the trump cards as they fall ; 
 noting particularly the Honors ; then, by degrees, 
 the ten, nine, and lower trump cards. 
 
 He should then attend to, and impress upon 
 his memory, the fall of the cards, upon his 
 own lead, or strongest suit ; in order to judge 
 correctly of fhe strength of each hand, in that 
 particular suit. 
 
 He should next attend to the suit originally 
 led by each player ; and watch, in the second 
 round, as to whether the lead was from strength 
 or weakness. 
 
 As the Game progresses, his experience and 
 observation will enable him to judge, with great 
 accuracy, as to the most important features of the 
 play, that should be impressed upon his mind, 
 and memory ; so that, with constant practice 
 and perseverence, he wi 1 eventually acquire a 
 Whist Memory, which will enable him, without 
 any very great effort, to comprehend and* recol- 
 lect the principle features of ever>' hand ; and 
 thus to indicate the correct card to play. 
 
 The true Theory of Whist, when properly ex- 
 
30 
 
 A Compend of Short Whist. 
 
 plained, teaches : how to play one's own hand 
 to the best advantage ; how to render the 
 greatest assistance to one's Partner ; and how 
 most to weaken, and obstruct the Adversary ; 
 the result of all which, when thoroughly under- 
 stood and practised, must be, to secure the 
 greatest possible number of tricks ; and thus, if 
 possible, to eventually conquer, both the GamCy 
 and the Rubber, 
 
 If, to theoretical perfection, and practical 
 experience, the Player adds the powers of a 
 sound judgment ; an acute perception ; an ac- 
 curate observation ; and a retentive memory ; he 
 certainly possesses all the elements necessary to 
 constitute a Master of the Science of Whist. 
 
 11 
 
 1' • 
 
 .u .. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS 
 USED IN WRIST. 
 
 Bumper. — Winning two gfttnee, before your adTertariew 
 
 hare scored. 
 Command ft/ a «u»>.-— Holding Ihe best cards in it. If yo!i 
 
 have Ittl&cient to enable jou io draw all those against 
 
 you, the command is eomjdete, aad your salt is said to 
 
 be established. See E-tahlUh. 
 Conventional tlgnaU. — Certain legalised modes of playing 
 
 the cardt^ by means of which specific information is 
 
 eoDT^yed to your partner as to the state of your hand. 
 Cro89-ruff.- S99 iSet-wiw. 
 Piscard. — The cy.rd you play when you hare noae of the 
 
 suit led, and do not trump it. 
 Double, — Scoring five before your adversariei hare looredl 
 
 three» 
 Sfihoy rAe.-> Asking for trumps in response to yoir partner's 
 
 ask, when but fur his df^ u^ad yon would not hate 
 
 called. 
 Eld^ AonJ.— The pUyet on the dealer's left band. 
 Ettahlitk.-^ A. suit is said to h^ established wheti you hare 
 
 ezhansted all i1^ best cards in It which were agaiosi 
 
 I / . 
 
Appendix. 
 
 you, and thus retain its complete command. See 
 Command, 
 Faltt card,— A card played coatrary to the established 
 custom and rules of the game, and which is therefore 
 calculated to deceive your partner as well as your 
 adversaries, as to the state of your hand. 
 Firuanng. — An attempt, when second or third player, to 
 make a lower card answer the purpose of a higher, in 
 the hopes that the intermediate card or cards may be 
 with your right-hand adversary or your own partner. 
 Forcing, — Leading a card that compels your adversary or 
 
 partner to play a trump, 
 ^awe.— Scoring five points. This may be done in one b«i)(i 
 by (!) holding the four honours and making the odd 
 trick; (2) three honours and three by tricks; (3) 
 having turned eleven tricks. If neither side makes 
 the game in one hand, each adds the score they have 
 m:ade to that gained in the following hands until one 
 has made game. 
 Band, — The thirteen cards held by each player. 
 Honour; — Ace, king, queen, and knave of trnmps. The 
 
 ten and nine are sometimes called 9tmi'honour9, 
 King- car d,'-'The best card left in each suit. Thus if the 
 4ice and king were out, the king-card would be the 
 i^ueen. 
 Lead, the, — The commencement of the play by the elder 
 band, or the card played by the winner of a trick 
 immediately after having won it. 
 Leader, — The first to play each round. 
 Leading through or up <o.— The person who leads is said to 
 lead through his left-hand adversary, and up to his 
 right-hand adversary. 
 Long tuit, — One of which you hold originally more than 
 three cards. The term is, therefore, indic'!:.tive of 
 strength in nMmftert. 
 Long /rum^f .— The |ai4 of the suit of tramps. 
 
 *t 
 
TccJinical Terms. 
 
 ^Q(i. See 
 
 Btablished 
 
 therefore 
 
 I as your 
 
 >Jayer, to 
 »«hor, in 
 may be 
 »*rtner. 
 "■••IT or 
 
 he odd 
 8; (3) 
 makes 
 y have 
 'il one 
 
 ! «' 
 
 The 
 
 f the 
 the 
 
 Ider 
 riok 
 
 I to 
 hii 
 
 an 
 
 of 
 
 I 
 
 'Ss'^ 
 
 /,<<'MM». or fn*inr/ cnrd. — A card of no value, and thcrtfwre 
 
 tb« fitrest to throw awn}-. 
 /,«^^.''-— No ?c« re. 
 i/ofce,— Tr> make a card, mean" to win a trick with U. Ta 
 
 make the card«, trennf* to shuffle. 
 Oj^euimy, — A term borrowed from chess, to denote Ibe plan 
 
 Qu wbich you commence, or open. 
 Parile^ n. — The game players playing two rubber* eoofe* 
 
 eatirely ; or, should it be necessary, a third rubber, ta 
 
 deetde which is the best of the three rubbers. 
 Plnin 9UU9. — The three su ts not trumps. 
 Penmifimnief the. — Beginning with the lowest card bat ooe 
 
 *d fbe suit you lead originally, il it contaitiS more 
 
 thao four cards. 
 Pvii»gt$, — The score made by tricks or honours ; for each 
 
 triek after six, one point is scored. 
 Qtuftrt. — Sequence of any four cards. 
 Quitted. — A trick is said to be quitted when the four earda 
 
 eoiutitating it have been gathered up and tamed on 
 
 the table, the hand doing so having left them. 
 Quart -wnjnr. — The sequence of the four highest cards of 
 
 a foil, 
 Quiikt, — rfeqaence of any f ve cards. 
 He-emiry. — A card that will, by winning a trick, bring yon 
 
 the lead at an advanced period of the hand. 
 /Ce»4«M«f, — To play a card of another suit than that led, 
 
 faf>1dfnig none of the latter. 
 Reroh^, — To play a card of another suit, while holding s 
 
 card of the suit led. 
 Huhher, — Two games won in succession ; or two oat of three 
 
 gamcy, con.'titutcs winning a rubber. 
 Hujfimg, — Anothen- word for trumping a suit. 
 .Vecwrw.— Partners trumping each a swit, and leading to 
 
 each other for that purpose. Also called a 'ro99-rmff, 
 »69«e»«ie,— Three or more cards in consecutive order. A 
 
 litad sequence is one standing at the head of the soiit. 
 
 An a^/«r sequence is one at the bottom of the saftr 
 
 3 
 
appendix. 
 
 ^ bl'MX:''i7;;;;;-. »"« «f wh.-oh you h„M card, 
 
 'han three cards. ' '"''' ""g'^'ly a«t more 
 
 Signal for trumm Th 
 
 -- Of p,„;.„ u„rei:;*'ii!r::7Hn "'""■^ 
 
 one. »»nijr nigh card before a lo\f 
 
 &inyle^ a Making 
 
 three or four up ' """ ^'"" "''^•"«'7 h« scored 
 
 strength. "o-'radistmction to numerical 
 
 «"y,- orthekinga/d tn';, ""'r ■""■ ->-«" "rigi" 
 baen played : tkU is ^'X ° n "" "" """"' '"'^' 
 i3 the combination of ^he sel / !" "^ *" *'"'' '*"'""' 
 of a suit. ""^ '<"""«' Md fourth best cards 
 
 y-ce._se,„ence of any three card, 
 ^T;:;r-'"«-^---- three ai.he. card. Of 
 
 J>'""1> card. ,ke.-ni Z. , ' '^T P''^'"' '» » "«« 'ed- 
 
 ^■-»...-c„rd3 ofiereSrv" r-*'- 
 
 dealer. ' "* '"»' '"raed up by the 
 
 ^"''"-/'%— Speaking eenerallv •, 
 
 best card,, and playir,„b"'; ."""■" ""P'-S '"""' 
 i» sometimes ad'an^a|eo„'t '" """ '"'*••'• ^''- 
 «hen strong in trumpf o/^h T"'' "' '" P""" •»*'' 
 «»ch » n«. must bZl'JZ """P' •" 0"' '• b-' 
 
 of high c.rds-in confrad?J ".•"•"«• """"ber 
 »»«.6«- of card.. "'""""'■""'o«o» f a-.uit short i« 
 
"^ 
 
 hold cards 
 
 otherwise, 
 not more 
 
 ' ordinary 
 ore a low 
 
 II. 
 
 THE LAWS OF SHORT WHIST, 
 
 as scored 
 
 {London Club Code.) 
 
 ?e num- 
 imerical 
 
 > being, 
 origin - 
 «^e have 
 tenace 
 t cards 
 
 irds of 
 
 e. 
 iled. 
 
 ' the 
 
 back 
 
 This 
 
 luits 
 
 but 
 
 ■ 
 
 iber 
 \ ia 
 
 The Rubber. 
 
 1 . The rubber is the best of three games. If the first 
 two games be won by thi same players, the third game is 
 not played. 
 
 Scoring. 
 
 2. A game consists of five points. Each trick, above six, 
 counts one point. 
 
 3. Honours, i.e.. Ace, King, Queen, and Knave of trumps 
 are thus reckoned : 
 
 If a player and his partner, either separately or con- 
 jointly, hold — 
 
 I. The four honours, they score four points. 
 
 II. Any three honours, they score two points. 
 
 III. Only two houours, they do not score. 
 
 4. Those players, who, at the commencement of a deal, 
 are at the score of four, cannot score honours. 
 
 5. The penalty for a revoke takes precedence of all other 
 scores. Tricks score next. Honours last. 
 
 6. Honours, unless claimed before the trump card of the 
 following deal is turned up, cannot be scored. 
 
 7. To score honours is not sufficient; they must be called 
 at the end of the hand; if so called, they may be scored at 
 any time during the game. 
 
 8^ The winners gain—- 
 
Appendix, 
 
 \ 
 
 ■| 
 
 ■!J 
 
 I. A treble, or game of three points, when their adversa- 
 ries have not scored. 
 
 II. A double, or game of two points, when their adversa- 
 ries have scored less than three. 
 
 III. A single, or game of one point, wh?n th^ir adversa- 
 ries hav, scored three, or four. 
 
 9. The winners of the rubber pain two points (commonly 
 called the rubber points'), in addition to the value of their 
 games. 
 
 10. Should the rubber have consisted of three games, the 
 value of the losers' game is deducted from the gross number 
 of points gained by their opponents. 
 
 11. If an erroneous score be proven, such mistake can bet 
 corrected prior to the conclusion of the game in which it 
 occurred, and such game is not concluded until the trump 
 card of the following deal has been turned up 
 
 12. If an :.r jnfcous score, affecting the amount of the 
 rubber, be proved, such mistake can be rectified at any 
 time during the rubber. 
 
 \\ ill 
 
 Cutting^. 
 
 13. The ace is the lowest card. 
 
 14. In all cases, every one must cut from the same pack. 
 
 15. Should a player expose moie than one card, he must 
 cut again. 
 
 Formation of Table. 
 
 16. If there are more thnn four candidates, the players 
 are selected by cutting : those first in the room having the 
 preference. The four who cut the Itwest cards play firsts 
 and again cut to decide on partners ; the two lowest play 
 against thd two highe!>t; the lowest is the dealer, who has 
 tho choice of cards and seats, and^ having onpe made his 
 selection, must abide by it. 
 
 17. When there are more than six candidate^, those who 
 eut the two next lowest card^:, belong to the tablo^ which ia 
 
Laws of the Game, 
 
 complete with fix pl.nyers ; on the retirement of one of 
 those six players, the candidate who cut the next lowest 
 card, has a prior right to enter the table. 
 
 Cutting cards of equal value. 
 
 IS. Two players cutting cards of equal value, unless 
 «nch cards are the two highest, cut again ; should they bo 
 the two lowest, a frc^h cut is necessary to decide which of 
 those two deals. 
 
 19. Three players cutting cards of equal value cut again ; 
 should the fourth (or remaining) card be the highest, the 
 two lowest of the new cut are partners, the lower of those 
 two the dealer ; should thn fourth card be the lowest, the 
 two highest are partners, the original lowest the dealer. 
 
 Culc'ug out. 
 
 20, At the end of a rubber, should admission be claimed 
 l)y any one, or by two candidates, he who has, or they who 
 have, played a greater number of consecutive rubbers than 
 the others is, or are, out; but when all have played the 
 fiame number, they must cut to decide upon the out-goers; 
 the highest are out. 
 
 Entry and re-entry. 
 
 21. A candidate wishing to enter a table must deelare 
 isuch intention prior to any of the players having cut a card, 
 either for the purpose of commencing a fresh rubber, or of 
 cutting out. 
 
 22. In the formation of fresh tables, those candidates 
 who have neither belonged to, nor playsd at any other 
 table, have the prior right of entry; the others decide their 
 right of admission by cutting. 
 
 23. Any one quitting a table, prior to the conclusion of a 
 rubber, may, with consent of the other three players, ap- 
 
 jpoint a substitute in his absence during the rubber. 
 
 24. A player cutting into one tab'e, whilst belonging to 
 
8 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 ri 
 
 i!»l 
 
 another, loees his right of re-ontry into that latter, and 
 takes his chance of cutting in, as if ho were a fresh can- 
 didate. 
 
 25. If any one break up a table, the remaining players 
 have the prior right to him, of entry into any other; and 
 should there not be sufficient vacancies at such other table 
 to admit all those candidates, they settle their precedence 
 by cutting. 
 
 ShiilHing. 
 
 26. The pack must neither be shuffled below th? table ; 
 nor 80 that the face of any card be seen. 
 
 27. The pack must nut be shuffled during the play of 
 the hand. 
 
 28. i. pack, having been played with, must neither be 
 shuffled, by dealing it into packets, nor across the table. 
 
 29. Each player has a right to shuffle, once only, except asT 
 provided by Rule 32, prior to a deal, after a false cut, or 
 when a new deal has occurred. 
 
 30. The dealer's partner must collect tho cards for the 
 ensuing deal, and has the first right to shuffle that paek. 
 
 31. Each player after shuffling, must place the cards pro- 
 perly collected, and face downwards, to the left of the 
 player about to deal. 
 
 32. The dealer has always the right to shuffle last; but 
 should a card or cards be seen during his shuffling, or 
 whilst giving the pack to be cut, he may be compelled to 
 re-fihufflxi, 
 
 The deal. 
 
 J*. 
 
 33. Each player deals in his turn; the right of dealing 
 goes to the left. 
 
 34. The player on the dealer's right, cuts the pack ; and 
 in dividing it, must not leave fewer than four cards in either 
 packet ; if in cutting, or in replacing one of the two packets 
 en the other, a card be exposed; or if there be any confu* 
 
Laii's of the Game. 
 
 eion of the cards, or a doubt as to the exact place in which 
 the pack was divided, there must be a fresh cut. 
 
 35. "When a player, whose duty it is to cut, has once sep- 
 arated the pack, he cannot alter his intention ] he can 
 neither re-shuffl<', nor re-cut the cards. 
 
 6. When the pack is cut, should the dealer shuffle the 
 cards, he loses his deal. 
 
 A new deal. 
 
 37. There must be a new deal — 
 
 I. If during a deal, or during the play of a hand, the 
 pack be proved incorrect or imperfect. 
 
 II. If any card, excepting the last, be faced In the pack. 
 
 38. If, whilst deil n:^, a card bo exposed by the dealer 
 or his partner, should neithor of the adversaries have 
 touched the card*, the latter can claim a new deal ; a card 
 exposed by either adver.>^ary gives that claim to the dealer, 
 provided that his partner has not touched a card ; if a new 
 deal does not take place, the exposed card cannot be 
 called. 
 
 39. If, during dealing, a player touch any of his cards, 
 the adversaries may do the same, without losing their priv- 
 ilege of claiming a new deal, should chance give them 
 such option. 
 
 40. If, in dealing, one t-f the last cards be exposed, and 
 the dealer turn up the trump befure there is reasonable time 
 for his adversaries to decile as to a fresh deal, they do not 
 thereby lose their privilege. 
 
 41. If a player, whil?t de Ming, look at the trump card, 
 his adversaries have a right to see it, and may exact anew 
 deal. 
 
 42. If a player take into the hand dealt to him a card 
 belonging to the other pack, thn adversaries, on discovery 
 of the error, may decide whether they will have a fresh 
 deal or not. 
 
JO 
 
 ^Ppe/idix. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,'1 
 
 ^ 'Misdeai. 
 
 dealer's I.ft. ' "-"""".g wth the player ,„ ,he 
 
 "• Should -Ore ,fc,r„ , 
 
 '» ""e dealer, ^^ Jle' T rV "■'"«"''"• «-d.r 
 
 V- Should IbcflBiIar „„j " 
 n""lean,i.,at^.^yi^; ;j" " '■'"P'««^ion that ho hn, 
 remainder „f tLe,.^_ «""" "'» «arU« „„ .he table, or the 
 
 '■'• Sho Id the .fej,^ . 
 
 ""J' to the .am* a.«a an ."" ""'^' "' "■"'•. «r two 
 P;ort„dea,i„.^«,,:^^, . ' - aeal » 'hi-d : but T. 
 
 he position of «».„„, „„;";'■,:'''":' """• •'^ "'--g 
 
 -"■ Should tb. iWii olTtT?"''""''''"'''''^'-- 
 
 ""«'? card beiag ^»^ „^''. "^^ ""« '""r, pHor to the 
 «"ds, but uot af^«.a.^ JP;;;;' '"^f"™ i-ki„g ,t their 
 
 ■»g. either of the ^^^T Z^^; ,^7' ■•^- ""l-g the deal- 
 ^oaler's partner ia.^;: ;;."?'';''« "-J- Pri-r to the 
 *"t interfered with Z^-^' '•".*''<""'» ">« latter have 
 ^''thof,head.er^^^;^;»;'-'h^tand,„g either, or 
 . ">e deal is lost. ^ ^"b^quently done the same. 
 
 4i1. Should three nlL 
 
 «-d-tbe r.,urth hJ:^rth "t ■'!""■' "«"' ■""»•>- of 
 
 '-oh Ueiicie^e^ ^a^ ZJlT,' ""-^ "'" <"^<">ver 
 deal stands good; A^^H , "^ "' *"' ""d^. the 
 
 •We for an, re.oie ^'C ^T' "' " " «'"«- 
 
 »»!»? have mad., as if the missing 
 
Laws of the Game. 
 
 11 
 
 '» one nt a 
 ^'e^ to the 
 
 lek. 
 
 Hr (»r(lf»r 
 
 ^be pack 
 
 >r of the 
 
 ' ho hns 
 
 '» or the 
 
 or two 
 but it; 
 tering 
 lay do 
 I Law. 
 ut to 
 ;o the 
 their 
 
 leal- 
 
 • the 
 lave 
 V or 
 me, 
 
 • of 
 ver 
 the 
 er- 
 
 card, or cards, had been in his band; ho may search the 
 other pack for it, or them. 
 
 47 If a pack, during or after a rubber, be proved incor- 
 rect or imperfect, such proof does not alter any past score, 
 j^ame, or rubber : that hand in which the imporfootioQ waa 
 detected is nuU and void ; the dealer deals again. 
 
 48. Any one dealing out of turn, or with the adversary's 
 cards, may bo stopped before the trump card is turuod up, 
 nfter which the game must proceed as if no mistake had 
 been made. 
 
 4U. A pinyer can neither shuffle, cut, nor deal for his 
 partner, without the permission < f his opponents. 
 
 50. If the adversaries interrupt a dealer whilst dealing, 
 cither by questioning the score, or assarting thnt it is not 
 his deal, and fail to establish such claim, should a mid- 
 deal occur, he may deal again. 
 
 51. Should a player take his partner's deal and misdeal, 
 the latter is liable to the usual penalty, and the adversary 
 next in rotation to the player who ought to have dealt, then 
 deals. 
 
 The Tiiimp card. 
 
 52. The dealer, when it is his turn to play to the first 
 trick, should take the trump card into his handj if left on 
 the table after the first trick be turned and quitted, it is 
 liable to be called ; his partner may at any time remind 
 him of the liability. 
 
 53. After the dealer has taken the trump ; \-x into his 
 hand, it cannot be asked for ; a player naming it at any 
 time during the play of that hand, is liable to have his 
 highest or lowest trump called, 
 
 54. If the dealer take the trump card into his hand be* 
 fore it is his turn to play, he may be desired to lay it on 
 the tible ; should he show <'i wrong card, this card may be 
 called, as also a second, a third, <&c., until the trump card 
 be produced. 
 
 55. If the dealer declare himself unr/ble to recollect tho 
 
J2 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 trump card, his highest or lowest trump may bo called at 
 any time during that hand, and unless it cause him to re- 
 voke, must be played ; the call may be repeated, but not 
 changed, t. «., from highest to lowest, or vice vervd, urttil 
 such card is played. 
 
 Cards liable to be called. 
 
 5 
 
 It 
 
 ofi. All exposed cards are liable to be called, and must 
 be left on the table ; but a card is not an exposed card 
 when dropped on the floor, or elsewhere below the table. 
 
 The following arc exposed cnrds : — 
 
 I. Two or more cards played at once. 
 
 II. Any card dropped with its face upwards, or in any 
 way exposed on or above the table, even though snatched 
 up so quickly that no one can name it. 
 
 57. If any one piny to an imperfect trick, the best cai 
 on the tnble ; or lead <ine which is a winning card ns agaimj^t 
 his adversaries, and then lead ngain ; or play several such 
 winning cards, one after the other, without waiting for h\-§ 
 partner to play, the lattor may be called on to win, if ho 
 can, the fi;st or any other of those tricks; and the other 
 cards thus improperly played, are exposed cards. 
 
 58. If a player, or players, under the impression that the 
 game is lost — »»r won — or for other reasons — throw his or 
 their cards on the table face upwards, such cards are ex- 
 posed, and liable to be called, each player's by the adver- 
 sary ; but should one player alone retain his hand, he can- 
 not be forced to abandon it. 
 
 59. If all four players th/ow their cards on the table face 
 upwards, the hands arc abandoned; and no one can again 
 take up his cards. Should this general exhibition show 
 that the game might have been saved, or won, neither claim 
 can be entertained, unless a revoke be established. The 
 revoking players are then liable to the following penalties : 
 They cannot under any circumstances win the game by the 
 result of that hand, and the adversaries may add three to 
 
 t 
 

 La7c*s of the Game, 
 
 A? 
 
 » called at 
 him fo re- 
 '» but not 
 '•*'2, umil 
 
 sed card 
 table. 
 
 r in any 
 Hatched 
 
 et ca! 
 against 
 al such 
 for hU 
 » if he 
 3 other 
 
 lat the 
 his or 
 'e ei- 
 dver- 
 I can- 
 face 
 gain 
 ?how 
 [aim 
 The 
 ies : 
 the 
 \ to 
 
 
 their score, or deduct three from that of the revoking 
 players. 
 
 60 A card detached from the rest of the hand so as to be 
 named, is liable to be called ; but should the advcrs'jry 
 name a wrong card, he is liable to have a suit called when 
 he or his partner have the lead- 
 
 61. If a player, who has rendered himself liable to hnvo 
 the highest or lowest of a suit called, fail to play as d-- 
 «<ircd ; or if when called on to lead one suit, leads another^ 
 having in his hand one or more cards of that suit deman- 
 ded, he incurs the penalty of a revoke. 
 
 62. If any player lead out of turn, his adversaries may 
 either call the card erroneously led — or may call a suit 
 from him or his partner, when it is next the turn of either of 
 them to lead. 
 
 63. If any player leads out of turn, and the other three 
 have followed him, the trick is complete, and the error 
 cannot be rectified ; but if only the second, or the second 
 and third have played to the false lead, their cards, on 
 discovery of the mistake, are taken back ; there is no pen- 
 alty against any one, excepting the original otFender, whose 
 card may be called, — or he, or his partner, when either 
 of them has next the lead, may be compelled to play any 
 fcuit demanded by the adversaries. 
 
 64. In no case can a player be compelled to play a card 
 which would oblige him to revoke. 
 
 6^. The call of a card may be repeated until such card 
 has been played. 
 
 66. If a player called on to lead a suit, have none of it, 
 the penalty is paid. 
 
 Cards played in error, or not played to a trick» 
 
 67. If the third hand play before the second, the fourth 
 hand may play before his partner. 
 
 68. Should the third hand not have played, and the fourth 
 play before his partner, the latter may be called on to winf 
 or not to win the trick. 
 
?i 
 
 i 
 
 
 k 
 
 I 
 
 1-4 
 
 I 
 
 I? 'J 
 
 I/, » 
 
 It 
 
 i 
 
 Jr4 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 69. If any one omit |)laying to a former trick, and suck 
 error be not discovered until he Las played to the next, the 
 adversaries may claim a new deal ; should they decide that 
 the deal stand good, the surplus card, at the end of the hand 
 is considered to havb been played to the imperfect trick \ but 
 does not constitute a revoke therein. 
 
 70. If any one play two cards to the same trick, or mix 
 his trump, or other card, with a trick to which it does not 
 properly belong, and the mistake be not discovered until 
 the hand is played out. hn is answerable fur all consequent 
 revokes he may have made. If, during the play of the hand, 
 the error bo detected, the tricks may be counted face 
 downwards, in order to ascertain whether there be among 
 them a card too many: should this be the case, they may 
 be searched, and the card restored ; the player is however 
 liable fur all revokes which he may have meanwhile made. 
 
 The revoke. 
 
 71. Is when a player, holding one or more cards of the 
 suit led, plays a card of a different suit. 
 
 72. The penally for a revoke : — 
 
 I. Is at the option of the adversaries, who at the end of 
 the nanJ, may either take three tricks from the revoking 
 jplayer, — or deduct three points from his score,— -or add 
 three to their own score ; 
 
 II. Can be claimed for as many revokes as occur during 
 the hand ; 
 
 III. Is applicable only to the score of th3 game in which 
 \i occurs; 
 
 IV. Cannot be divided, i.e., a player cannot add one or 
 two to his own score, and deduct one or two from the revoking 
 player; 
 
 V. Takes precedence of every other score, e.j.— The 
 claimants two— their opponents nothing — the former add 
 three to their score— and thereby win a treble game, even 
 should the latter have made thirteen tricks, and held four 
 honours. 
 
 
Laivs of the Game. 
 
 ^5 
 
 k» and such 
 ho next, the 
 decide that 
 of the hand 
 t trick j but 
 
 Jck, or mix 
 it does not 
 'erei until 
 onsequent 
 f the hand, 
 nted face 
 b« among 
 they may 
 however 
 Jle made. 
 
 ds of the 
 
 le end of 
 evoking 
 -or add 
 
 during 
 
 I which 
 
 one or 
 '^oking 
 
 -Tho 
 
 r add 
 
 even 
 
 I four 
 
 73. A revoke is e8tablit«hed, if the trick in which it occur 
 bo turned and quitted, i.e , the hnnd removed frozu thaw 
 trick after it has been turned face downwards on the te-bift 
 — or if either the revoking player or his partner, whether 
 in his right turn or otherwise, lead or play to the following 
 trick. 
 
 74. A player may ask his partner whether he has not a 
 card of the suit which he has renounced ; should the ques- 
 tion be aske I before the trick is turned and quitted, sub- 
 ee:iuont turning and quitting does not establish the revoke> 
 and the error may be corrected, unless the question be 
 answered in the negative, or unless the revoking player or 
 his i;artner have led or played tc the following trick. 
 
 75. At the end of the hand, the claimants of a revoke 
 may search all the tricks. 
 
 76. If a player discover his mistake in time to save a 
 revoke, the adversaries, whenever they think fit, may call 
 the card thus played in error, or may require him to play 
 his highest or lowest card to that trick in which he has 
 renounced; — any player or players who have played after 
 him, may withdraw thair cards and substitute others : tho 
 cards withdrawn are not liable to be called. 
 
 77. If a revoke be claimed, and the accused player or 
 his partner mix the cards before they have been sufficiently 
 examined by the adversaries, the revoke is established. 
 The mixing of the cards only renders the pro(-f of a revoke 
 difficult ; but does not prevent the claim, and possible es- 
 tablishment, of the penalty. 
 
 78. A revoke cannot be claimed after the cards have 
 been out for the following deal. 
 
 79. The revoking player and his partner may, under all 
 circumstances, require the hand in which the revoke haff 
 been detec'ed, to be played out. 
 
 80. If a revoke occur, be claimed and proved, bets on 
 the odd trick, or on amount of score, must be dec! led by 
 the actual state of the latter, after the penalty is paid. 
 
 81. Should the phiyers on both sides subject tbemselvet 
 
z6 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 I 
 
 ;i^ • <• 
 
 to the penalty of one or more revokes, neither can win the 
 game \ each is punished at the discretion of his adversary. 
 82 In whatever way the penalty be enforced, under no 
 circumstances can a player win the game by the result of 
 the hand during which he has revoked; he cannot score 
 more than four. (Vide Kule 61.) 
 
 Calling for new cards. 
 
 83. Any player (on paying for them) before, but not 
 after, the pack be cut for the deal, may cal^ " r fresh cards. 
 He must call for two new packs, of which i. a dealer takes 
 his choice. 
 
 General Rules. 
 
 84. Where a player and his partner have an option of 
 exacting from their adversaries one of two penalties, they 
 should agree who is to make the election, but must not 
 consult with one another which of the two penalties it is 
 advisable to exact; if they do so consult they lose their 
 right ; and if either of them, with or without consent of his 
 partner, demand a penalty to which he is entitled, such 
 decision is final. 
 
 This rule does not apply in exacting the penalties /or a re- 
 voke ; partners have then a riyht to consult, 
 
 85. Any one during the play of a trick, or after the four 
 cards are played, and before, but not after they are touch- 
 ed for the purpose of gathering them together, may demand 
 that the cards be placed before their respective players. 
 
 SQ. If any one, prior to his partner playing, should call 
 attention to the trick — either by saying that it is his, or by 
 naming bis ct^rd, or, without being required so to do, by 
 drawing it towards him — the adversaries may require that 
 opponent's partner to play the highei^t or lowest uf the suit 
 then led, or to win or lose the trick. 
 
 87. In all oases where a penalty has been incurred, the 
 offender is bound to give reastonable time for the decision ef 
 his advenariea. 
 
Lmvs of the Game. 
 
 n 
 
 tion of 
 3, they 
 1st not 
 )8 it is 
 9 their 
 of his 
 > such 
 
 • a re- 
 
 9 four 
 )uch- 
 nand 
 ra. 
 call 
 )rby 
 
 ♦ by 
 that 
 suit 
 
 the. 
 nef 
 
 8S. If a bystander make any remark whteb eaAU the 
 Atteotkn ef a player or players to an oversight affecting 
 tJie leove, he is liable to be called on, by the players only, 
 to pay the stakes and all bets on that game or rubber. 
 
 ^. A bystander, by agreement among the players, may 
 decide any question. 
 
 V0. A card or cards torn or marked, must be either re- 
 placed by agreement, or new cards called at the expenje 
 oftlie table. 
 
 9\, Aaj player may demand to see the last triek turned, 
 aod no more. Under no circumstances can more than eight 
 earji be seen during the play of the hand, viz : the four 
 cards GO the table which have not been turned and quitted, 
 and tlie last trick turned. 
 
 Etiquette of Whist. 
 
 The fbllowing rules belong to the Established Etiquette 
 ofWIiift. Tbey are not called laws, as it is difficult, in 
 ftome ea«ea impossible, to apply any penalty to their in- 
 fractloBi -f and the only remedy is to cea«e to play with 
 plajerf who habitually disregard them. 
 
 Two packs of cards are invariably ased at Clubs: if 
 f^ofjibSe this should be adhered to. 
 
 Any (9n«, having the lead and several winning cards to 
 plajy fb4<H)Id not draw a second card out of his hand nntil 
 h'lM partner has played to the first trick, such act being a 
 dictinct intimation that the former has played a winning 
 card. 
 
 BT© intimation whatever, by word or gesture, fhonld be 
 giren by a player as to the state of his hand, or of the game. 
 
 A player who desires the cards to be placed, or who de- 
 tsaods to see the last trick, should do it for his own iaform- 
 atioa MkJy, and not in order to invite the attentioo of his 
 partner. 
 
 Ife player should object to refer to a bystander who pro> 
 fe«i«« biBtelf unintereeted in the game, and able to decide 
 
m 
 
 ;>'. 
 t 
 
 iS 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 any disputed question of facts ; as to who played any par- 
 ticular card—whether honours were claimed though not 
 scored, or vice verad, — &e , «fec. 
 
 It is unfair to revoke purposely ; having made a revoke^ 
 a player is not justified in making a second in order to 
 conceal the first. 
 
 Until the players have made such bets as they wish, 
 bets should not be made with bystanders. 
 
 Bystanders should make no remark, neither should they 
 by word or gesture, give any intimation of the state of the 
 game, until concluded and scored ; nor should they walk 
 round the table to look at the different hands. 
 
 No one should look over the hand of a player against 
 
 Whom he is betting. 
 
 Dnmmy 
 
 Is played by three players. 
 
 One hand, called Dummy's, lies exposed on the table. 
 
 The laws are the same as those of Whist, with the fol- 
 lowing exceptions : — 
 
 I. Dummy deals at the commencement of each rubber. 
 
 II. Dummy is not liable to the penalty for a revoke, as 
 his adversaries see his cards : should he revoke and the 
 error not be discovered until the trick is turned and quitted, 
 it stands good. 
 
 lii. Dummy being blind and deaf, his partner is not 
 liable to any penalty fur an error whence he can gain no 
 advantage. Thus, he may expose some, or all of his cards 
 — or may declare that he has the game, or trick, 4to., with- 
 out incurring any penalty; if, however, he lead from Dum- 
 my's hand when he should lead from his own, or vice versd, 
 a suit may be called from the hand which ought to have led. 
 
 Double Dummy 
 
 Is played by two players, each having a Dummy or ex- 
 posed hand for his partner. The laws of the game do not 
 differ from Dummy Whist, except in the following special 
 Law : — There is no misdeal, as the deal is a disadvantage. 
 
layed any par- 
 id though not 
 
 iiade a revoke^ 
 id in order ta 
 
 as they wish, 
 
 T should they 
 e state of the 
 lid they walk 
 
 ayer against 
 
 I the table, 
 (^ith the fol- 
 
 ch rubber, 
 a revoke, as 
 Qke and the 
 and quitted, 
 
 'tner is not 
 an gain no 
 of his cards 
 , <feo., with- 
 rorn Dum- 
 vice versd, 
 have led. 
 
 ly or cx- 
 10 do not 
 special 
 Ivantagtf. 
 
 in. 
 
 CURRENT ODDS AT SHORT WHIST, 
 
 At the commencement of the game or rubber, it is 5 to 4 
 on the dealer for the gamej and 6 to 5 on him for the 
 rubber; either bet being slightly better to take than to 
 lay. 
 
 1 to love with the deal, is 11 to 8 on the game, and 5 to 
 
 4 on the rubber j the deal being against, the betting on 
 either game or rubber is even. 
 
 2 to love with the deal, is 13 to 8 for the game. The deal 
 being against, it is 11 to 8. For the rubber, with the deal, 
 it is 3 to 2. The deal being against, 11 to 8. 
 
 3 to love, or 4 to love, with the deal, is 2 to 1 on the 
 game. The deal being against, it is 15 to 8. In this case 
 the odds on the rubber are the same as those on the game. 
 
 The first game being won, if the deal for the second game 
 were in abeyance, the exact odds on the winner for the 
 rubber, would be 3 to 1. The current odds are, however, 5 
 to 2 J but it is as good a bet to lay 3 to 1 with the deal, as 
 
 5 to 2 against it. 
 
 The first game, and 1 to love of the second, with the 
 deal, is 7 to 3. The deal being against, it is 3 to 1. 
 
 The first game, and 2 to love of the second, with the 
 deal, is 7 to 2, and is an advantageous bet to lay. The 
 deal being against, the odds can scarcely be called less ; 
 but they are not disadvantageous to take. 
 
 The first game, and 3 or 4 to love of the second, with the 
 deal, or against it, is 4 to 1. No higher odds than these are 
 ever given at any stage of the rubber, unless an honour has 
 been turn*;d up by the winners of the first game, and of the 
 
20 
 
 1 
 
 Appendix, 
 
 first 3 or 4 point? of the second game, when 5 to 1 may be] 
 laid. The 4 to 1 bet, however, is advantageous to lay with] 
 the deal, and not disadvantageous against it. 
 
 The deal against the first point, is an even bet for the 
 game or rubber. 
 
 It is an even bet that the dealer has two points, or more. 
 For the purpdse of this bet it is held that the dealer has 
 two points, although he may not be able to score them \ % e., 
 the bet is won, if the dealer and his partner hold two 
 honours, although the adversaries being game by tricks, 
 such honours are not scored. This bet is very slightly in 
 favour of the layer. 
 
 The foregoing odds, though, for the convenience o^ 
 betters, they are not exactly calcuHited, are as near an 
 approximation to the exact calculations as can be given 
 without going to fractions, or getting into very high figures. 
 
 ifjpit- 
 
"^y 
 
 hen 5 to 1 may be 
 iageous to lay with 
 ist it. 
 n even bet for the 
 
 ^0 points, or more, 
 at the dealer has 
 5 score them ; i e., 
 )artner hold two 
 game by tricks, 
 very slightly in 
 
 convenience of' 
 are as near an 
 as can be given 
 ery high figures. 
 
ite