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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent §tre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 A partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche § droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 2Zt 1 2 3 4 5 6 X m WEI4^S, MA. "1 6014 ,tM^'':'' ■ffl'^^^^j^^^fi'^: ,i_i . E: In NOTES: EXPLANATOUY, SUGGESTIVE, AND Clll TICAL. ON THE Literature Selections FOK THIRD CLASS TEACHERS' NON-PROFESSIONAL EXAMLVATIOAS, 1887. BT J. E. WELLS, M.A., Late Friticipal of Woodstock College. TORONTO : W. J. GAGE & COMPANY. £r,:::rrr:rr:irr/r-r "■'He';^^ 1- PREFACE. T^HIS little work will, it la bolieved, be toumi to meet a felt want, and to serve a useful and legitimate purpose. In the study of a series of eighteen or twenty extracts and selec- tions from the works of as many diflFerent authors, it is not to be expected that the ordinary student will have within reach the means of informing himself on the many points of inquiry and difficulty that constantly arise. In the crowded state of the programme and amid the pressing duties of the schoolroom, the teacher can not reasonably be expected to find time to answer all inquiries and solve all difficulties as they present themselves^ Both teacher and student must constantly feel the need of a manual such as is herewith furnished. In the use of literary selections for educational purposes, the first and chief aim of the skilled teacher will be to have his pupil read intelligently and with appreciation, In the preparation of these Notes that fundamental principle has been kept coustantly in view. Explanations, questions, suggestions an.' "iticisms have been so framed, it is hoped, as to stimulate and guide the student in his own earnest eflForts, rather than in any measure to supersede the necessity for such efforts. Whatever appears in the form of direct statement will be found to be matters of fact, explanations of allusions, etc., which are essential to full under- standing of the text and in regard to which, it may be assumed, the means of information are not generally available. In addition to the standard dictionaries, enc^lopjedias, and histories, to which free recourse has been had, the author has especially to acknowledge his iadebtedaess to Phillips' excellent work on English Literature for many of the aritieal oBiaieBa appended to the Notes. lil u NOTES ox TKE LITERATURE S ELECTIOiXS Fob the Non-Profehsioxal Examinations fok Third Class Teachers' Certificates, 1887. NO. XV.-THE GOLDEN SCALES. ADDlSOy. Joseph Aciai3on was born at Milston, Wiltshire, England, in lf.72 H,8 father was an f-minent clergyman of the Church of Englaml The son, after preparation in various schools, entered Oxford University, at the age of fifteen. In collogo he specially distinguished himself in Latin versification. His father had intended him for the church, but various influcncs drew him into literature and politics. Having won the favor of influential patrons, especially Lord Somers, to whom he dedicated a poom on one of King William's campaigns, he received in 1G99 a pension of £300 a year. He shortly afterwards set out upon an extended European tour, remaining in France long enou^di to perfect himself in the French language, and visiting also Italy Switzerland and Germany. In Italy he wrote his charming •Letter" to Lord Halifax. He returned to England in mi, and in the following year wrote "Blenheim, " at the requost of the Ministry of the day. This triumphal poem pleased his patrons, especially Lord Godolphin, immensely, and secured its author even before the completion of the second half, the appointment of Commissioner of Appeals. Addison afterwards was made Under-Secretary of State, and two or three years later went to Ireland as Secretary to the Lord Lieute ant, but his extreme 2 Notes ok Literature Seieotfons. quieter ..z orZa":;" rnr:° tr'^^t '- '" a„,l r„,„e „il, always be infeparably 1 Ltd tfth'li ' ''°''" JO,,™.!, ,..,,ieh owe, to hi. far n.ora'tha„ rat/ , ef ITX tor its pieemmeuce. " Thp OnM « o i „ . -^ '^""'^'^ '-■^"'^nou- exquisite essays he wrote for ^tIw " °"° °' ""^ """"y and the most'origina a:d dlhtW «" al n™"'" f "" ^^™'' t..ose i„ which I Roger de ct L^ ^X'^^ZZ H %"-, L, this impersonation and th'e sX ilry Zlt An.Irew Froeport and Will Honeycombe Ad,1i,„,, I Plished the great literary feat of embLyinf fi t Xr""; character which will liv« »« i xu nctioii typea of out, ^^;^jz ^z:z Err:!' tr not stood the tests of time and later eriticism ' * '"" Addison married in 1716, the Dowager-Countess of Warwick b„t the union was not a happy one. He died at Holland hZ Kensmgton, 1719. His verse is wanting in some of ft! rT' Of the highest Cass of poetry, but his profe i" aZys excel S In' the words of a recent writer, "ho has given a delieaoTt ' Zt, f eentnnent, and a modesty to English wit "^ ",°*"J' '" English ^.efore. Elegance, whie^ 1„ Cll: s 'h d^^e?';:: Cttfui^pL^^.^r. :;itr' '- Trr "' - "»'«- ■""• F ^y. nis style, too, is perfect after its kind n^u are many nobler and grander forms of express on L p' p? Ltoature than A,'s. but there are none co'^ab b ^t sweetness, propriety and natural dignity "If Ad 1 '" J^.ety^of^the fashions, vices and ahsurlSies wUh'^h-ch-h:!^:: Notes on Literature Selections. 8 cal office or ived in the a frequent established, acellany in on's name ihis unique r contribu- the many tJie series, itions, are le central les of Sir as accom- typea of veil them Guardian uspended i • Is XL, 12'; P,ov. X\ I, 2 ; Ps. LXII, 9, etc. The Eternal. -This passage is from Paradise Lost, bk. IV. near the end. His golden scales. -Libra, the balance, the seventh of the signs of the Zodiac. Pendulous.— Lat. Pendeo, to hang. Earth.— Explain grammatical construction. Ponders.-Lat. Pondo, to weigh. Is the word used here literally or in its usual figurative sense? Give reasons for answer. W liat connective word or words would you supply. Page 89. Battles and realms. -Are these words in apposition with events, or grammatically coordinate ? If the latter, do you approve of the punctuation ? ' The Sequel each.-Explain the exact meaning. Does each in strict propriety express that meaning ? Give reasons for your answer. Though doubled now. -To what do mine and thine refer ' ^ote carefully the meaning of doubled before decidincr Nor more.— Supply the ellipsis. ° Methought.-Preterite of the imper.sonal wefhinlcs, much uPcd by writers in Addison's time and before, now falling into disuse Daily entertain. -In the columns of the Spectator. Addison's essays dealt largely with moral questions. Essay. -What is the meaning here? Give other meanings and trace the transitions of thought. Page 90. Do not exert their natural gravity till, etc — Explain the thought conveyed in this sentence, freed froni allegorical form. ^ Vanity. -Addison had no doubt in mind tlie first chapters oi Ecclesiastes, and similar teachings of Scripture. Avarice and poverty. -Note carefully the' valuable truths contained in this and parallel .dauses. A man's poverty is exactly measured by his avai • -e. The miser is in abject poverty with millions in his chest. Follow out the thought with other pairs of antithetical words. One particular weight.— Cf. II. Cor. IV., 17. 6 Notes on Literature Selections. Page 91 A thousand times more, etc.-Wl,at do you under, stand Addison to mean here ? How does/a.7/. a. The typical Cupid is a chubby child fitted with wings and armed with bow, aiTows, and quiver. He is often represented with a bandage over his eyes. His love-darts could pierce not only the hearts of young men and maidens, but fishes at the bottom of the sea, the birds of the air, and even the gods on high Olympus. Whistonian Controversy. —William Whiston was an eccentric and whimsical, but no doubt honest, clergyman of the 17th century. He was prosecuted in the church courts for having in his writings promulgated opinionswhich were deemvid unorthodox. The Vicar, in Chap. II., describes himself as having in his sprmons strenuously maintained with Whiston, tfcat it was unlawful for a priest of the Church of England, after the death of his first wife, to take a second. The humor ot the historical picture is heightened by the presentation of the defence of monogamy to the heathen goddess, Amazon. — The Amazons were, according to a very ancient tradition, a nation of female warriors who suffered no men to remain in their state. 10 Notes on Literature Selections. Moses.— The second son and fourth child of the family. Page 130. Fix— Is this word correctly used? Note its com- mon misuse in our day. Page m. Who came as friends to tell us, etc.-Note the veiled sarcasm on a very common foible. Too much cumiing.-The feeble scruples of the poor Vicar are, as usual, overborne by the stronger personalities and less •^c- upulous ambition of wife and daughter. Page 131. It was then resolved. -Note the wrong position of the adverb in this sentence and others. The then is clearly mtended to modify ter^i/^,, not resolved, and should have been placed after the latter and in juxtaposition with t..e former word, rhis question of the proper position of adverbs and other quali- fying words in our uninflectcd language is not. like many minor grammatical questions, a matter in regard to which there is danger of being finical. It is closely related to the clear and exact expression of thought, and properly receives now from careful writers more attention than it did in Goldsmith's day If he did rot prevent it. -Do you approve the punctuation of this sentence ? As well as the novelty.-The Vicar's wife is, of course impervious to this ironical thrust, as she is to the evasiveness and msmcenty with which Mr. Thornhill parries her questions in the conversation which follows. The student should not fail to read, if possible, the whole story, which 18 not lengthy. Subjoined are a' few opinions Mhich he may profitably compare with his own independent judgments : prSent'^^av "of "^ilTl?^ "^^^^e&eU " (1776) is best known at the flwll- K- ^ ^ /^ ^•''^^f °^ *'^® Johnsonian Age, and will ZlAlilTaJ;: ^^"™P^-*y-d delicate humolLpL^^'] With that sweet story of « The Vicar of Wakefield " he has -ZethT'' "*° '"^''^ '''''' *"^ «-^y ^--l«t in Europe! ^l'^Xf^!^t^^-^'^^^? .f™'* °^ *^« narrative, as well a., th/ Notes on Litkrature Selections. 11 -n Look ye now, for one moment, at the deep and delicate humor of Goldsmith. How at his touch the venial infirmities and vanity of this good " Vicar of \Vakefield," live lovingly before the mind's eye. — Whipj)le. "A prose idyl," somewhat spoiled by phrases too rhetorical, but at bottom as homely as a Flemish picture. — Taine. The irresistible charm this novel possesses, evinces how much mny be done without the aid of extravagant incident to excite the imagination and interest the feelings. — Washington Irving. There is as much human nature in the character of the Vicar alone, as would have furnished any fifty novels of that day, or this. — William Black. ^- NO. XLV.— "UNTHOUGHTFULNESS." DR, ARNOLD. Thomas Arnold, D.D., for many years Head Master of Rugby School, was born in 1795 at West Cowes, Isle of Wight. At about twelve years of age he was sent to Winchester Public School. Four years later he was elec^od a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. In 1815 he was elected fellow of Oriel College. In this year and in 1817, he gained the Chancellor's prize for the two university essays, Latin and English. About ten years after graduation were spent in quiet and comparative obscurity at Laleham, where he occupicl himself M'ith preparing students for the university. Here he commenced his great literary work, the History of Borne. He was appointed to the Head Mastership of Rugby, in 1828. The system of public education which he perfected while here, will perpetuate his fame and influence so long as the work of Public School education is carried on in the English-speaking world. To enter into a description of that system would require too much space for this brief note. Amongst its many excellencies, the method of moral government which he introduced and used with wonderful success is the crowning one. His great reliance was UT»on the /m?j/?c oiiinion of the school-, and that oTiinion he moulded at the same time that he trusted it. '• In the higher forms," says his biographer, "any attempt at farther proc^ -^f an 12 Notes o^ Liteuature Selectic ma. assertion was immediately chpcked." "If you Bay so, that ia quite enough ; of course I believe your wonl." There grew up ,n consequence a general feeling that it was . shame to toll ArnoW a he-" he always believes one. " The fact is very familiar, but It 18 invaluable in its suggestiveness to teachers, or those abont to become teachers. In politics Dr. Arnold was an active but broad-mi^nded Whig. In the church too ho was distinguished for the breadth and liberality of his views. He was for a short time on the Senate of London University. In the year 184" he was appointed to the Regius Professorship of Modern History at Oxford, but his sudden death from heart disease cut short his labors and prospects in the summer of that year. Every teacher should read the Life and Correspondence of Arnold, m -^ Page 227.-Thi8 lesson requires little in the M-ay of note or comment for its elucidation, though there is much, both in the thoughts themselves, and in the mode of their presentation which 18 worthy of close and careful study. It may be well to call attention to a few rhetorical points by way of suggestion. The state of spiritual folly.— To tie ouiselves down by rigid rhetorical rules, is not the be&t way in which to develop freedom force, or individuality, in thinking or in style. Yet, there are certain principles easily deducible from the practice of the best speakers and writers which are worthy of attention. One of these is that the opening sentence of an address or essay, should ordinarily be terse and pointed, and should be made, if possible to embody an important statement calculated to fix the attention at once, and to give the key note of the train of thought which is to follow. Note how eflFectively this is done in the opening sentence of this lecture. - And the opposite belief.-Study carefully the important distincti made in this sentence, and the admirable chain of reasoning by which it is supported in the rest of the paragraph It will well repay the atudeut to analyze this lecture, paragraph by paragraph, and to write out the analysis, giving first the leading tliought or main proposition in each, and then, in his own t Notes on Literatuuk Selections. 13 language, the arK'innenta by which it is supportcl, or the subsi- dmry truths .kshiced from it. Page 229. He, then, who'is a fool. -There are at least throe hgiirea of speech, or common rhetorical devices, employe.l in this sentence. What are they ? Page 230. There is another case.-Every thoughtful teacher must recognize the character depicted in this paragraph-the boy or girl of good parts, some cleverness, and no glaring vices, but whose individuality is vreak, and whose influence is small because he or she is, as we sometimes say, without back-bone- morally invertebrate. Notice the variety of expressions used to delineate this character, and the prevalence of antithesis in the structure of the sentences. Study carefully and make up your mind whether the expansion is a blemish or a merit. Are the repetitions tautological, or are they rhetorically defensible? Page 231. Have no great appetite. -This incidental use of the word appetite suggests, apparently, an analogy which catches Pr Arnold's fancy and which he carefully unfolds, without unpleasantly obtruding it, to the end of the paragraph. The laws of the metaphor are observed throughout. There is no mixture or incongruity, and the illustrations drawn from the laws of the physical system are much more effective than they would have been if formally introduced by terms of comparison Page 232. But the time and interest . . . this has been etc. -Can the use here of the singular form of the demonstrative be justified, or is it grammatically indefensible ? Give reasons That an unnatural and constant excitement.— Note the several steps in this logical stairway, up to the conclusion •« there can be no spiritual life;" also the clear and careful propositions which sum up the teaching of the lecture. It would be well to draw up both these in tabular, or, if the student has studied lo^c, in syllogistic form. LVII.-" DEATH OF THE PROTECTOR." CARLTLE. The facts of the life and character of Thomas Carlyle have been so recently and so prominei.tly before the public that it is unnecessary to recapitulate them here at any length. He wa» u NoTR« OX LrrjRATURR Selections. horn ill 1795 in tho ^ilhf^fi of Enclefechan, DuinfriesBihirp, Scotlunil. His educatiou wa* IS«S?uii at tho village pch. 1, continued ut Annan Granunar S(Jiool and completed, so far as completed at all, at Edinburgh University. He commenced study with a view to the Ministry of tho Scottish Church. Soon adopting opinions which precluded him from this career, he taught school for a time at Kircalily, and aftcrwfvds began the study of law, but finally gave himself to literature. He wrote extensively for encycloptediaa, magazines, and reviews. He was tl)e first to introduce Englishmen to the mines of philosophical and speculative wealth embedded in the modern German literature. Under the touch of his master hand, the images of Schiller, Fichte, Jean Paul Richter, and other great modern thinkers "tarted into life before the British reading public. His lectures ui b A wo «..„ %..ej. x • , . . ' "^ the character apd "thrsi'tua'tior '"' '" ' '" *'""'"' "'''' """ It, the same dark days. -A couple „f paragraphs quoted from Harvey are here omrtted. They describe Cron.well.s sieknesl II Notes on Literature Selections. 17 commencing before Lady Elizabeth's death, and a scene at the court a few days after it, in which Cron-.NVclI has " an honorub^e and ^rodly person » read Philippians iv.. from which he derived comfort. ' .. n ^T^"" Fox-The founder of the Society of Friends, or (,»uakers. He was at an early age apprenticed to a shoemaker, but when about 19 his religious impressions became so vivid that he iK-heved himself called to a special Divine mission, and finally gave hi.nself to the work of an itinerant religious reformer box sullered much persecution for his religious opinions, but bi-omwell, after an interview, pronounce.l his doctrines and character irreproachable, and took hiapartwin the struggle with h,« I. uritan antagonists. Fox's peculiar doctrines as to the "in- ner light," etc., need not be here discussed. Page 276. Hacker's men. -Col. Hacker M^as one of the three colonels to whom the warrant for the execution of Charles I waa sent. Mews-(Fr. muer, from Lat. muto to exchange. Hence to shed, as feathers, to moult.) The royal stables. On the north side of Charing Cross stand the royal stables £u^t;n:?J?^s^^s;^^i.^s^r ^^"^'^.^^^- - ^^'^^^ Orinfavorof him, Georg:e. -These fine thoughts, true, we m ly believe, in their application to Cronnvell, seem doubly apnro- pnate as addressed toGeorge Fox, who professed to have been e.u.sted by the same great Ccmmander-in-Chief, and to live in c instant view of the next life. In the hollow of the tree. -Marsh, in his Life of George Fox tells us that he passed the early part of the year 1647 " wander- ing about through various counties, a stranger upon earth • se- cluding himself in solitary places, fasting often, and often sitting m hollow trees with his Bible until night came ; and not unfre quently pas.s.ng whole nights mournfully in these retired places " Clad permanently in leather. -In the earlv part of h,« itm-r ant career, Fox wore nothing but a leatluu-ii dou blet, of his own manufacture. He seen.s to have ,lone this not from any religious notion, but simply as a matter of convenience. By the word per- 18 Notes on Literature Selections. maneMly Carlyle refers probably to the durability of the ntate- rial. . Against thee and me. -His death may bring loss to others, not to himself. ' • Nell-Gwynne, Defender-In allusion to King CI arles IL, who like all other monarchs of England, was styled '< Defender of the ±aith, and his notorious mistress. All-vlctonous cant. -This is thoroughly Carlylean. In his eyes the age we live in is an age of show, and its religious pro- fessions, cant, ^ Page 277. Worsening.-An expressive word, rare in mode.n English, but used by. George Eliot, Gladstone and other good writers, ° Tertian. — Returning every third day. Harvey.-This chronicler, from whose account Carlyle quotes, was a Groom of the Bed-chamber who attended the Protector in his last illness. Prayers abundantly, etc—Notice the want of predicates in this and the following sentence of the old Puritan writer. These sentences seem to be grammatically connected with the preceding one, though not so punctuated. The terseness adds strength and It IS easy to supply the ellipses. A similar syntacticr.l incomplete- ness characterizes the next paragraph, and many others of Car- lyle himself. So long as his meaning was clear, he scorned to add words that he deemed unnecessary, save for form's sake Owen, Goodwin, Sterry. -Prominent Puritans of the day * Whitehall.— The Chapel of the Royal Palace. Page 278. Strange enough to us. -Such prayers, real soul- wrestlings, Carlyle thinks have become strange, and their lan- guage obsolete, in these degenerate days. Human wishes, risen to be transcendent.— What is Carlyle's Idea here? Does he mean to imply that the petitioners were wrong in allowing what were, after all, their human wishes for Cromwell's recovery to become transcendent, rising above their submission to the Divine Will, and so contravening the true spirit of prayer, whose embodiment must ever bp '« T»^" vi'! '- ''-— •>" Authentic. -Note the repeated and accurate use of this word- Distinguish between authentic and gejiuine. Notes on Litkrature Selections. 19 And of English Puritanism. — In what sense and to what ex- tent was the exit of Cromwell that of English Puritanism? Thurloe. — Cromwell's private secretary. Richard. — Sketch briefly the character and history of Richard Cromwell. One does not know.- Does not know what ? That Richard's was the name written in the paper, or that it might have been a good name had ten years n)ore been granted ? The meaning is not clear ; perhaps Carlyle means the statement to be a general one, including ^.-^th those ideas. Fleetwood, — One of Cromwell's military officers. Page 270. Since the victories of Dunbar and Worcester. — At Dunbar, on the 3id September, 1650, Cromwell had defeated the Scottish army under Leslie, and on the same day of the fol- lowing year, he had gained the decisive victory over King Charles, at Worcester. Page 2S0. — Friday, 3rd September. It was a somewhat singu- lar coincidence that Cromwell's death should have occurred on the anniversary of his great victories. Fauconbarg. — Lord Fauconberg, husband of Cromwell's third daughter, Mary. Cromwell elsewhere describas him as "a bril- liant, ingenuous and hopeful young man." Revolutions of Eighty-eight.— The revolution of 1688, re- sulting in the deposition of James II., and tlie crowning of Wil- liam and Mary, marking as it did the enthronement of Constitu- tionalism in England, was one of the fruits of the seed sown by Cromwell. Star-Chambers.— The English court of the Star-chamber is said to have been so called from the circumstance that the roof of the Council-chamber of the palace of Westminster where it met, was decorated with gilt stars. The court seems to have originated in very early times, and at first probably consisted of the King's Council acting in a judicial capacity. The powers of the tribunal were curtailed and its composition modified at vari- ous periods. I'lie proceedings of the Star-chamber had always been viewed with more or less distrust by the Commons, but it was during the reign of Charles I. that it made itself odious by I I 20 K"OTES on' LiTEftATUUE SELECTIONS. its high-handed iniquities. The student might write a short sketch of the tyrannical proceedings which led to its aholition Brandinpirons—Ear-slitiings, branding with hot irons, and other :nutUat.ons and tortures were common Star-chamber nfl" tions during the Tudor and Stuart periods • All-hallowtidc-The time of the celebration of the festival of All-hamts, November 1st. Oliver's works do follow him.-The student will do well to study this paragraph and the following carefully both for fl weight of their compressed thought and^he powe^'of Ihe ; el^ and vehement expression. A vokune of combined history and oit:;tv:rst;r ^,^'^'- '''- — ^^ ^ ^- --p^^ Puritanism without its king:, is kingless.-This, which sounds at first hke what the logicians call an iaeuHcal proposition, is in eahty a fine play upon words, and enunciates both a subtle thouglit and a broad historical truth. The old disowned defender. -Tliat is, a king of the old style who will be a defender of the High church, not Puritan, faith ' Hypocnsis.-A Latinized form of the Greek M>c^6i,. The word originally signified the playing of a part upon the stage! hence Its derivative meaning, as in our own h.pocrls,. Cariyle' It will be seen, uses it with a double reference. I„ his i^iense' and exaggerated conception all religious observances, ^in tie decay o Puntan.sm, are hypocrisy, in both the Greek and the English sense of the word. Mewing: her mighty youth. -See note on Afetvs, ante. " Me- toks I see her as an eagle n.noi„, her mighty youth, and kind- ling hor undazzled eyes at the full midday beam, "-m/ton Gemus. -Conceived by the ancients as a spirit, or tuielary deity, presuhngover the destinies of an individual, place, or na tion.anc representing or symbolizing his or itsessentlalcharact ' Intent on provender and a whole sI^in.-This sarcasm recalls he French taunt, that theEngli.h are \ nation of shopkeepe" ' ' Iha the nation and her rulers do not revel in battles by seHnd by land as in past centuries, is one of the best in iications of true progress. That her sons are not poltroons has C proved on too many bloody fields even in thi. century Notes on Literature Selections. 21 Church-tippets Kingr-cIoaks.-Carlylo despises all church mill.neiy and royal pageants as heartily as the veriest Puritan of (.romwellian days. or^nfnnf f" '^ f^^^^^^^-^ ^^g'^^l term denoting reasoning or proof derived from a view of consequences; opposed to a prion, from first principles. Mark carefj^ly the pronunciation and give the meaning and denvatiox.%f the following words :-,„„„.7c./.^ r^ractory, symptoms, obsolete, amiiaiatin:,, anarchic, inevitable, terrene, L The following are a few critical opinions upon the work from . winch the foregoing extract is taken • recogmzed houor of haying '• cleare.l .uvay theru ,li°l' tl J tw^ viiiuicaDion 01 the f .-otector's character is most trinmnJ,-inf T. Carlyle has thus fallen the unspeakable hm^^rof repLnt fn tC Pantheon of Eng sh Historv the sfafn^ 7f p ^fP^^cuig m the Tn\ev.~Chambers^EncyTTJia '^ ^^ngland's greatest That introduction of German thought M-hich be^an in th« ^^rl,. years of the n neteenth century. un
  • . inability, at his sta.e of moral development, to perform it from the right motive% Would the action be right if performed from any other motive ' Give reasons, pro and con. Failure of this trial.-Of what trial? Explain the meanin... The neutral and midecided.-Dr. Arnold here admits tl^ existence of great