IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) :^ 1.0 1.1 IttlM 125 ut Ui 12.2 S[ U£ |20 L25 WU 11.6 Photographic Sdmces Corporalion 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716)872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microroproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa TMhnleal and ■Ibllographie NotM/NotM tMhniquM at bibliographiquaa Th«eoi totlMi Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha boat original copy availabia for filming. 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Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa ajoutiaa lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, mala, loraqua cala itait poaaibia. caa pagaa n'ont paa «ti filmAaa. L'Inatitut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lul a At* poaaibia da aa procurer. Laa dAtailt da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mAthoda normala da filmaga aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. Tha im pn Colourad pagaa/ D D D D Pagaa da couiaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagAaa Pagaa raatorad and/or laminatad/ Pagaa raataurAaa at/ou palliculAaa Pagaa diacolourad. atainad or foxad/ Pagaa dAcolorAaa, tachatAaa ou piquAos Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa dAtachAaa Showthrough/ Tranaparanca Quality of print variaa/ QualitA inAgala da I'impraaaion Includaa aupplamantary matarial/ Comprand du matArial aupplAmantaira of tho filming Origini baginn thalM alon, o othor c firatpfl alon, a or illua I — I Only adition availabia/ Tha lai ahall 01 TINUEI which! Mapa. diffara antiral' baginn right a raquir« matho Saula Adition disponibia Pagaa wholly or partially obscurad by errata siipa. tlstuaa. ate. hava baan rafilmad to anaura tha baat poaaibia imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant obacurciaa par un fauiliat d'arrata, una pelure, ate, ont AtA filmAaa A nouvaau da fapon A obtanir la maillaura imaga poaaibia. Additional commanta:/ Commantairaa aupplAmantairaa; Irregular pagination : [ij - xv. II] • 830. (827j - 833 p. Thia itam la filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat filmA au taux da rAduction indiquA ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J 12X 16X aox a4x 28X 32X Tb« copy filmed h«r« hat h—n rtproduocd titankt to th« gtnsroaity of: UnlvwaHy of Altorta Edmonton L'Momplairo fllm4 fut roproduit grieo A la SAnAroaltA da: Unhrtrslty of Albarta Idmonton Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara ttia baat quality poaaibia oonaldaring tfia condition and laglblllty of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract apaclflcationa. Original coplaa in printad papar covara ara fllmad beginning with tha front cover and ending on the laat page wvith a printad or illuatratad impree- tion, or the beck cover when epproprlata. All other originei eoplee ara filmed beginning on the firat pege with a printed or illuatratad Impree- •lon. and ending on the kMt pege with a printad or illuetratad impreeeion. Lea imagea tuivantea ont 4tA raproduitea avae la plua grand •oin. compta tenu de la condition at da la nattet* de i'exemplaira film*, et en conformity avac lea conditiona du contrat da filmage. Lee exemplalrea originaux dent la couvarture wi pepler eet imprimie aont filmte 1% commandant par le premier plot et en terminant toit par la darnlAre page qui comporte une emprainta d'impreaaion ou d'illuatratlon, toit par la second plat, salon la caa. Toua las autrea axempiairea originaux sent filmto an eomman^ent per le premlAre pege qui comporte une emprelnte d'Impreeaion ou d'illuatratlon at an terminent per la darnlAre pege qui comporte une telle emprelnte. The leet recorded freme on each microfiche shell contain tha symbol ^^ (meening "CON> TtNUEO"). or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END"), whichever appliaa. Un dee symbolea suivanta apparattra sur la dernlAre imege de cheque microfiche, scion le caa: la symbole -^ signifle "A SUIVRE", le symbole ▼ signifle "FIN". IMapa, plataa. eharta. etc.. may be filmed et different reduction ratioa. Thoaa too large to be entirely included in one expoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diegrama illuatrata the method: Lea cartaa. planches, tableaux, etc.. pauvent Atra filmAa A dea taux da rAduction diffArants. Lorsqua le document eat trop grand pour Atra reproduit it un saul ciichA. il est f limA A partir da Tangle supArleur gauche, de geucha A droita. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagea nAcaaaaira. Lea diagrammea suivanu illuatrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 % . r J !• 1* / . ^ y^ / A S mmmmm r .^ -^-v ''U ^■ ■*^.w<.' Ptit^tU h Sluari :" ''^ OK THE ^ non THE omup at the capitol WASHinoniN NEW YORK: PHILADELPHIA: STEVE3N-S » ^ ' /^< (/r^ '/'6 ^a I 1 I I \ ///, iOUMTA//^ /iti.lD O/ .1.1//.A/L.IX //hsroKY: .— — .— L „ I \ TWO AMERICAS. TiiP.iR coMi'Lirn; iiistoky. FIWJM 'niK KAULIK8T DIHCOVKUIKS TO THE I'ltESKNT DAY. ■f rni 'FATIIKkS ()!• AMKKICAN MISIORY' 'l«I»il WITIIiitrf tmifrHIMKNT, DELKNAP8 RIOORAPHIES OF TUB EARLY DI8COVKRBR0; ORAIIAME'8 HISTORY OP NORTH AMERICA; DR. ROHERTBON'8 HlHTORY OF BOUTH AMERICA; AND RAMHAVS HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. ,\NI» A«< Mil smX IIY IIImF. II I,. WIII.IVMH, IIIIINUINJJ TIIK IIIHTOUV OK IIOIII NOIIIII \NI> ^OfTll AMtKli'A IH)WN TO TIIK I'ilKMKN T DAY. TO WBMIU AMI ADOIB HUBBARD'S HISTORY OF THE INDIAN WARS IN NKW ENGLAND. 4NI) ".« i«K.i*t';iMi -I MMAHV i>tf vm: • MAN! f Mil IIKD, AMIth Ll.Tnir NAI. WKAl.ill. IN lloMKKlh A^H t>lKKl'..N I >•«! U»,hl'E <>l>TK«i III' I I ii| II hill I \ rinN AMI III! Mnii \i. Mi\ AM KMKKT Ilk* THN 1'Kiirt.l " WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY P. C. HEADLEY. Al*>, A ^ Fl'I./ (IIKDXOlAHiy UISTOKICM.. lUCtiK \rrnc.\l., and CRNERAt^DATtNG FROM /'^/i* YRAk 1 / ,/ f-SHST TIMK, A COPIOUS GENERAL INDEX. TIIK whom; KOIlMINd A IlIrtTOUV nK IIIK IWu AMKIIU VN loNriMNls, UN->t;urASiKD rOli KU MOHe AND r\rQi.',\i.r.rt as a ihmhc ok i;ki'i:i;i,n('U. ILLUSTRATED WITH TWENTY-FOUR FULLPAGE STEEL ENGRAVINGS. I' ■' KhVlSUD AXI) liiWLAKGED. \ NEW YORK; PHILADELPHIA: STEVEKTIS &c HALL. 1883. Bntcrad, aeeordliiii to Aet of CoBKreM, In Um yaw UTS, bf HiCNRT 8. ALLEN, In tha OIBn of th* LIbrHtaa of Oong r iM. at WHMnKtoii, D.C. Bntercd, acvordlng to Aet of Coii|p«aa, to the year UBL by M. 8. ALLBM, In tha Offlee of the Librarian of Congicaa, at Waablagtoa, D.C UUAIY 0F THE MMi WlIUP ; •r ALIHT4 ^ TO < THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. EnroBTS ur tbx oavsm or folttiqal ubebtt oitm a PMomjAa obabactmm TO THM BMOOSDa OF TUB PAST CBNTUBT, AMD ny WBOM Ti» onun OF nuouwai nraBRiTBo from thb ou> woru> hatk brbn had* io DXTBLOP mum THAT ARB A BUBBBina TO CIYIUZATIOir, 3^ |it<«ftt( )i4mt^ In III* f ri>j(«i$ t\ lite %mn %i^, THIS WORK, ^BCOI\piNa TH« |(Ai\l\ATIVB OF THBII^ ^ISTORT. tlOM TIU BARLIISST TO THB LATEST TIMGSt • 18 FAITHFUL LT Bodioaied. 209CG11 » «u :8ii fefc. xTtta c PREFACE. In thit volume wo prewnt to the pnbllo a hlitorj of the two Atnerioan Oontinunts, from the peiu of oar abloit bi»i lorianf, coutiunod in otch initonce by competent writon to the pnwont time. For purposcM of roforonce, and in order to render the design as complete aa poaaible, we have prefixed to the portion which ig more purely hiiturical, the excellent biographies of the early discoverers which were written by the accomplished scholar and divine, Dr. Bellcnap. The raoord of thoeo men must not be forgotten. For the early history, from tlio flrst voyage of Columbus, through the stirring •rents that signalized the settlement of Central and South America, tlte groat work of Dr. Robertson possossos ckims w^iich are pnHsminent It therefore fitly occupies the next phuo, but with an additional chapter, wherein are traced the gradual development of tho several South American Republics, and the fonnation of Brazil into a separate Empire. We follow tho diain of events in North America from the period of the early settlement, down to that of the English revolution of 1088, aided by the impartial pen of Mr. Grahame ; henceforth relying upon a number of equally accredited authorities till we reach the last fourth of the eighteenth century. At this eventful point in our history, we have had recourse to the lucid narrative that has come to us from the pen of Mr. Ramsay. But tho result of his labors extends only to 1807. For subsequent history we have therefore adopted tho same course as in pei-foctmg the continuation of Dr. Robertson's work on South America. Rich materials lay in abundance before us in both cases. We have used the best moans at our disposal to gather them together, and, with the most suitable of them, to produce a work which shall bo at once authentic and as far as possible complete. It has been said, that ours is the only nation which has no age of fable. Tliis is only partly true. It is true of the United States, but it is not true of America. The history of tlutt time which preceded tho great discovery by Columbus IS a page which has yet to be written. Perhaps it never can bo fully written. But it refers to an ago of fable than frhich no part of tho world offers any that is more interesting, or probably mora marvellous. Wo cannot lose sight ol this, for we are treating not only of this Republic which has no such fabulous epoch, but of the entire American conti- nent ; and our work be^ns, at the moment when tho fabulous portion of that history ends. Our aim liaa been to con- struct, upon a combined chronological and geographical basis, a narrative of all tho leading events in American history, wherewith to secure at once a work of reference upon the widest scale, and at the same time a volume of pleasant inter, est which shall bo acceptable to the people. Tho lifo of a nation should mark the moral and intellectual progress of ita inhabitants ; and if that be true, the story is one which surely none of na vsm well afford to leave unread. COIVTENTII^. KOORAPHIES OF THE EARLY DISCOVEKEItS. erto illcnt Tile rring laims Itbe iplre. igliah dited I had tends ation used rhich the nbna than htol ionti- con- tory, nter. f ita r. .i -^1 CHAPTER I. Ml BiaoK : nu DlicoTery of IcolMid Md Uraenland— An Aecoant of hi* VoyuKD— CiMnotor ud App«anno« of the NattvM . . . . 1 CHAPTER II. If ABOO ! nil SuppoMd DUonvonr of Amorlci— An Account of hi* Voyiga Kxuulumi— Tho IiniirobabllUy of the Htory S CHAPTER III. Zkmo ! Tltii RiDk and Birth— Ha Skit* on > Vorage of DUeorenr— !• ot«i>> lakoii by a Htunii— Arrtvoa at Friiland— UilHvulUoa with tine Natlvei — IlUt Uvatli— Mia brother Autoulo take* the Oumniand ... 8 CHAPTER IV. CoLVMBUi : nia Reaaona for ineklnR Iiidlii by Weaterly Route— Ilia Four Voya|;e«, and the Ilurdithlpa and OllUvultlea b« underwent— lie la 8iil|iwruoked on Jamaica— Ilia Death and C'huructer .... 4 CHAPTER V. AMiBicra Viantoira: Ilia B'rtli and "Iduvatlnn- Ilia Sotentiflc Roacarchea —Ilia Firat Voyage to America and Clalma aa a Dlacoveror— The Niuniug of the Continent , . 10 CHAPTER VI. JOB!i AMD SiDAiTiAH Cabot ! Th* Commluton of King Ilennr VII.— Thev Ball on a Voyaue of Ularovery, uud lijcht Land— DeKorlptlon of the Mew Country— Uvtum tu Knglaiid— Sebuatlan atorta on a Hocond Voyage 10 CHAPTER VII. jAxn CAiTiia : Bella on a VoyaRn of Dlacovcry, rcarbcs the lalnnd of Newfoundland- FInda Clialeur Buy— Ills Iiitorvluw with thu Niitlvca — DunoGono, the Indian Chief— Illii 8tri'.t»t,'i'rii— Indian Ki'wptlim of CartliT and nIa Compunlona— Ohiinict«r, llnhlt;!, nnd CiiatoniK of the Indiana— Further Dlaoovurloa— Tliv Kx|KHlltlciii attickid by UlaciitOMEw GosNOi.n: Ills Arrival In Virginia— Description of the Coaai — Visit from the ludiaus— Abundonuiint of the Colony by the English . 17 CHAPTER XIII. JOUN Hmito : Sketch of bis Currer— Ho loins the Austrian Army— His Encounter wtlli the Turks— Is mode a Prisoner, and sold os a Slave— Escapes, and Returns to England— Meets Gosnold, and they aall to Amerlca^ArrlTal at Virginia— Imith la taken Prlaoner by the In- dians, and Condemned to Doatli— Ho la Saved by Pocahontas— HI* Release, and subarquent DIacoTerles— lie la made Preaident of Vir- ginia— Ilia Fame among the Indiana— Ketuma to England— Tbt His- tory of Pucabuntaa-timith's Literary Worka and Death . . . M CHAPTER XIV. Da MoHT*, PoiTRincocRT AMD CnAMiiAiNt De Mont'a Patent for Acadia— HIa Fort at St. Croix— Champlain NavlgaUs tlia 81. Law- rence— Builds a Forf at Quebec— Dlacoven the Lake that tieara hi* Name— Sotrendera Quebec to the Engllab— Ilia Character and Death M CHAPTER XV. FuniHARSO OoRoit AHD JonH Masom : Discovery of « Plot agalnat Queen Ellaabetb— Gorgea Defends himself before ParllamenP-Hl* Complaiut against the Dutch- Miafortunoa and Deotb— Maaon'* Plantation at PlsoaUqua— Massachoaetts Establlabed— Plana for In- dependence Buspected- Pruvlnce of Maine— The Form of Uovero- meut— Protected, and afterwarda Pnrcbaaud by Maaaachuaetta . . M CHAPTER XVI. IIehrt ncnwoK : Bella on a Voyage of Discovery— Arrlvca at Bandy i:ook— Attempts to Ball np the River- Hoattllty of the Natlvea— Re- tunia to England— HIa Second Voyago— Dlaeovery of Mermaid— Hudson's Amngementa with Uie Dutch- Ula MIstortunea and Terri- ble end •..M CHAPTER XVII. Bib TnoitA* BMrrn : Charges against him- He Realgna the Treaaurcrshlp of the Virginia Company, and receives a Grant of Land to tlio Colony —Sir Edwin Sondya appointed hla Succeaaor— Lotterlea— Bupplle* obtained by their meana for the Colony H CHAPTER XVIII. Lord Dklawarb, Bir TnoMAa Gates, Sir Georob Bomers, Captaih Nkwfokt, Sir TiioMAa Dale, Sir F. Waimmam : Lord Delav^are arrlvea lu Vlrjirinia— Buildti two Forts on the Junios River-Leave* Virginia and goes to tlie Wcstcin Islands— Sittleniont of Duniol Goo- kln In Vlrglniii, and Removal to Now England— Sir Thomas Dale ap- pointed Governor of Virginia— Outline of his Character— Appoint- ment of Sir Tliomas Gatos— Dispute betwcon lilni and Admlraliiom- ei* on a Qncation of I'recedenco— Wreck of Somcrs in Burmuda— HIa Death, Burial, and Monument— First Settlement of New York— Ar- rival of Sir Ferdlnaudo Waiuman lu Virginia— Ula Death— Death of Lord Delawara , ...... ■•••IB CHAPTER XIX. Sib SA>nn:L Aroai, and Sir George Teardlet : Argal'a Expedition to Northern Vtrgiiiiu, and his Defeat of the French at Mount Desart —Takes and destroys Port Royal— Holds a Conference with Uien- court— Vlalta the Dutch at the Hudson River— Hie Dutch Governor Burrenderatohim— His Voyage to England— Is appointed Deputy- Governor of Virginia— Ills severe Discipline- Chargodof PeculuUon, and Is Superse«Mk — ChMMMT and fMbrtty rMa CHAPTER XXIII. Ion OAimni i Appotnl*)! Annl br lh« KnRltoh Battler* (t Lcydm— ■npcrlntaiult Mranmmanwi fnr EiBlgmtlon— li ipnolalfd Prwldant of Um CompMf— Mtkct an Ricunlon from C«M C . t • 80 CHAPTER XXVI. RoamT CctmiAii : Embnrka for Ami'ilcA— Ilrtuma toEngland- ArrlTal at Plymouth— Ula Lcctura on 8iiir-L(iro— Ul* FamUy cuma* to Nair logUnd SI CHAPTER XXVII. Hum t«i> Wniatow : Itia Blrtb and Eduratlon— TraTvU on tha Contlnenl of Europe— RemoTra to America— VUlta Maaiaaaolt— Ratuma to Bn|^ land— Salla again for N«w Plymoutb, whonca ha la airaln Bent to Riigland a* Aaent— HI* Committal to tlie Fleot Prl*oii--Ia Releaaed, and Ratuma to Now England— I* Cbo*en Oovamor, and then made Commla*loner of tho UnTu»l Colonic*— la Sent by Cromwall agaloat tha Bpaularda— Dtea on the I'aaioge to Jamalc*— Ilia Poalaiity . . M CHAPTER XXVIII. Miuw STAROian : A Boldlcr In the Notberlanda— Embark* for Amerlet — Compela Oorbltant tn Submit at Bwanaey- HI* Haaoluta Policy towarda the Indian*— Ilia Rxpedlllnn to Weaaajnaaet and Capa Ann —Mr. Uubbard'a Obaervatlon* ReapectlDg Illm— Return* to England aa Airant for the Culnny— Ula Death and Deacendanta— Eatlmata of HI* Chanctai^The Policy of Bendhig CooTlot* to Vlrglnln . . 8S CHAPTER XXIX. tvm» WiMTiiHOp ! Ftrat OoTamor of Maaaaohuaetta t HI* Birth and An> aeatryz-HI* Character— Examination of HIa Aeeounta— llla DlOlcnt* culttaa with Mr*. Ilutehlnaon and Her Follower*— HIa Conduct to- warda the Church at Boaton— Opinlona of DemoeracT, Liberty, and tha MagUtraey— Pecuniary Embamuiamanta and Family Afltletlon*— Bk Death and PoaUrlty— The Portrait 'n the Senate Chamber ol Maaaacbuaott* ST CHAPTER XXX. Jom Wranniop. F. R. 8., GoTcmnr of Connecticut— HIa Birth and Education— RemoTal to New England— Obtain* a Charter Ineorpo- rallug Connecticut and New Haven— I* Choacn GoTemor of tha Col- ony-Elected Fellow of the Royal Society— Hla Death . . . M CHAPTER XXXI. Omwm Caltsbt, Cbcilic* Caltkbt (Lorda Baltimore), LEowano Cat.- tan : Birth and Education of Oeuige Calvert— He Entcra the Ser* Tloa of Sir Robert Cecil— la made Secretary of State, and RecelTiv a Panalon from King Jamca— Becomea a Roman Catholic — la Created Baron of BalUmon— Attempta a Settlement In Newfoundland — VlalU Virginia— Kecelvea a Grant of Territory North of tha Potomao —HIa (.liaracter and Death— Cecil Recelvea a Patent of Maryland— Bettlea the Colony and Appolnta HIa Brother Leonard QoTemor— Leonaid Calvert numotea Immigration ...... BO CHAPTER XXXII. WnxtAM Pbith : Hia Birth and Education— Ha TniTel* to Franca, and Vlalta Ireland— Attacbea Hlmaelf to the Society of Frlenda— I* Ar> reated and Diacardcd by HIa Fatbci^Beeome* an Itinerant Preacher — la Iroprlaoned In tlie Tower of London — Hi* Second Jonr- ney to Ireland— Kecnm^llcd with Uii Father— He la again Arreatcd and Imprlaoned in Nowgtib;— Pleads theCuaae of the Qnakera before Parliament— Receive* a Charter of Pcnnaylvania— Term* of Settle- ment—Sends a Letter to the Indians— Einharks with a Number of Quakers for America— Ariivra at Newcastle — Founds aiid .Names Phllndclphlii— Is Elw-ted a Fellow of the Hoyal S'Klety— II U Siyle of Preochliig— Departure for England— He Publishes a Book on tho Liberty of Cunsclence— Is SusniMted of being Inimical to King Wil- liam — Biwnmea Involved In n-ot— Signs a Now Charter — Again Vlaita England— Ilia Eubarroaameut* and Death ... 00 CHAPTER XXXIII. ivnNDiz TO TUB BiooBAPBiu : Account of the Native* of New lag- l»od . . ... f M HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA. loiTon** Pniran Anaoa'a Puraoa BOOK I. raooai** of NavlpUon among the Anclonta— View of their Dteeovarle* aa Preparatorr to thoan of the MiHlerns— ImiHirfactlona of Anclaal Navlgatinn and Ueography— Dwtitne of the /nn"»— Farther Discov. arlaa Checked by the Irruption of liarbamu* Nallona— (leugrapblcal Knowledge atlll Preaar^ed In the Roat among the Arablana— Revival of Commerce and Navigation In Buro|in— Favoured by Uie Crusade*— Extended by Traveller* Into the East— Promoted by tha Invantlne of tlie Marinar'a Comnasa— First Regular Plan ol Discovery formed by Portugal— Stale of that Kingdom— Hrhenies of Prince Henry— Karly Attempta Feeble— Progress along the Western Coast of Afnea —Hopes of DIarovorIng a New Route iu tha Kaat Indioa— Attempt, to Accomplish thla— Proopecta of Sucee** BOOK II. BimTM and Rdnratlon of Colnmboa— He aequirea Naval Skill In tha Bar- vice of Portugal— Cnneetvaa Hope* of n'aching the Beat Indlea by holding a Westerly Couraa— HI* Svatum Founded on the Idea* of tha Ancient* and Knowledge of their Navigation, and on the DIacuvurlo* of the Portngue**— Hi* Negotiation* with Different Coorta— Ob*ta. elea which he had to Surmount In Spain- Voyage of DIaeovery— DiniciUUea and Success— Kctnnia to Spain— Astonishment there at the Discovery of a New Worlil— i'apal Grant— Second Voyace— Colony Settlen* and Civil War* of tha Bpaniiuda In that Coontiy- Their Origin and Conaequence* . . . US lat BOOK VII. iKiTtTUTlON* and Manners of tho Mexican* and Penivlan*— Their Con* ditlon ciimtiared with other Aiiierlcao Slates— Origin of tha Mexi- cans—Their Progrese In Clvlllzatlun — Oenlu* of their Religion- The I'ernvian Monarchy— II* Policy Founded on Religion- Lawa of Pro|>erty— Public Works among the I'enivlaii*— Paclflc Character of the i*co|ilu— Other Dominion* uf 8ualn In Ameilra—Sonora— Califor- nia— Uoiidura* and Yucatan— Chill— Tucumau—XierreFlrme — King- dom of New Granada ISO BOOK VIII. Iirmion Onvommcnt, Commerce, etc., of tho Spanish Colonlea— De- population of America— Spanish .Mode of Cotonlxatlon— Eccleaiaa- Ucul Policy— Character of the Clergy— Progreaa of Christianity- Mineral Itesourres of tho Country— Mode of Working the Mine* — Other Comiiiudlties of South .\nicrlca— Ellecta of tbi* New Com- liieree on Bnsiu— Errors In the Spuiilah System— Contraband Trade — Decline of Spain- Policy of tbo llourboii Prlueea— Trade between New Spalu and the Philippines— Kvveuua of Spaiu from America . lat BOOK IX. RnsTiom of Spain in Europe— Eflocta of tho Policy of Napoloon and of the Wan with England— Tbo Spanish American Colonies aeeklng Independence— Their Ultimate Success— Sepanllop «f Braxll into CONTENTS. M Ul tS0 B la* MM M lB4«|i«lMlmit MnnMvhj" Wir lM>twr«n Hpiiln (nil th« lt(— Tobacco Introduced Into England— The Dlrlnlon ot Nortli America between Two Companlce— Tboir Chartera— Code of Lawa— ArrlTal of Colonbu In the Bnv of Cheiapeake— Jamei Town Vonndod— HoeUllty of tbu Indiana— Dtitreai In the Colonv— Captain Soilth- Hla Eleotlon to the Pmaldnncy- New Charter— Lord D«l»> w«rt ■ppolntad QoTemor— 8mttli'a lUtum to Kogland . . . UO CHAPTER II. liloaiiflMO DlfflcDltlea of the Colonlata— The Wlie Adratnlitratlon of Lord Delaware— Sir Thomaa Dale— Martial Law- Cultlratlon of To- bacco— Klnt Aaaerobly of BepratentatlToi In Virginia— New Conatl- tutlon for the Colony— Dispute between the King and the Colony— Indian Conaplraoy and Maiiacre of the Colonlata— DlDaeniloni ot tha London Company— DUiolutlon ot the Company— Tyrannical Govern- mnnt of Sir John Ilarrey— Sir W. Berkeley appointed Oovemor— Tha Popular Aaaembly Reatored— Part taken by Virginia In the Rebellion of Cromwell— Reatrlctlona on tbe Trade ot the Colony— Revolt ot the ColouUU . . . U9 CHAPTER III. tarouoT of the Navigation Acta— DIacontent and DUtraea In tha Colonj — NatULilliatlon of Aliena— Indian Hoatllitlea— Bacon'a Rebellion- Bill of Attainder— The Admlnlttmtlon of Colonel JeSkvya— Dlapula with tha Aaaembly— Lord Culpepper'a Admlnlatration— Continued Disaffection— Inaurrectlon and Pnmabmcnt ot the Rebela— Arbitrary If eaaurea of the Crown— Jamea II. Increuaea tha Trade of (he Colo* nitta— Tha Government of Lord Kfflngbiim— Effect upon tbe Colo- Blaa of tha RevolnUon of l— Cromwell's Administration Favourable to New Eng* land— Persecution of the Anabaptist* in Massachnsotts — Conduct and Suffor'ug ot the Quakers—The Restoration of the King— Addreaae* ot Uie Colonist* to Cbarle* U.— The Declaration of Right*— The King** Measof^ to Massachuoetts— Royal Charter of Incorporation to BBoie laland, Providence, Cooncctlcnt, and New Aifaa . 9M CHAPTER IV. IwaiUTiON of MInlsler* to New England- A Royal Coanlaalon— Oilbrancaa between Iha Colonists and tbe King— Caaaion of Aeadia to tha French — Prosperitr of New England — Consplney ot the Indiana— Continuance ot Disputes with the Crown— Religion and Morale In tha Colony— Surrender of the Chartar demanded by the King— Writ ot Quo Ifarraiito Issnad— Tha Cbtrtor adjudged to b« Voinllad M CHAPTER V. DiATIl of Chailaa 11.— Ila Effect upon the Colony- Andro* tpjiolntad " Uovamor of New England— Submission of Rhode IsIand-K;olonlal PolloT ot Kins Jamea— Intrigue* of the Fieneb Provoke the UostUi- tie* of tho Inalana— In*urr*otlon at Boaton— Cnnnectlent and Rhoda Island rasnma their Cbarteia— William and Mary Proclaimed— Con- Iaest of Aeadia by Sir William Phlppa— Inpeaehment of Governor jidroa— The King mfnaaa to Restore tha Andant Constitution of Ma«*aehu*ati*— The New Charter— Witchcraft in Now England— Paaea ot Ryawick— Moral and PoUtloal Condition ot tha Colonj . IN BOOK m. KaBTtAKD— Charter obtained br Lord Baltlmora from Charie* I.— Ro. man Cstbollo Emigration— Treaty with tha Indians— Firat Aasambly In Maryland— Early Introduction of Negro Slavery— War with tha Indiana— Claybome'* ItobelUon— Rellgloua Toleration EatabUahad, afterward* Abolished— Eatabllshment of a Provincial Mint— Proa- paron* Condition of tha Colony— Naturalljatlon Acta- Law agalnat importing Felon*— Separation of Dehtwara from Maryland— Report of a Popish Plot— A Protealant A«*oclatlon ta Formed- Eatabllsh- ment of the Church of England— Persecution ot tha Cathollo a Sta U of tha ProTlnea— Manner*— Law* 811 BOOK IV. CHAPTER I. NoBTH and South Carolina— Early Attampta ot the French and Snan- lards to Colonlie this Territory— First Charter granted to Lord Clar- endon and Others— Formation of Albemarle Settlement— Settlement ot Aahley River-Second Charter— The Conitltutlon* of South Caro- lina—Emigration Thitfac John Locke created a landgrave— Boa- tlUtlaa wiUi tha Spaalarda In Florida, and with the Indiana— Cnlpe» par'* InsurreotiOB— Ula Trial and Acquittal— Discord among tho Colonlata M CHAPTER II. AVTAni of Booth Cirollna— Indian War— Praetica of Kldwppfaig lo- dians— Emigration from Great Britain and France— Pirates Enter- tained in tbe Colony— Tha Navigation Law*— DIacontent among tha Colonists— Naturaluation of French Rafugee* roalstad- Tbe Funda- mental Conatitations Abolished— Wise Admlnlatration of Archdala and Return of Proaparity— Stato ot tha People— Mannar*— Trade M BOOK V. CHAPTER I. Niw Tomx— Hadaon'a Voyage ot DIaeoTenr— First Settlement of tha Dutch at Albany— Tha Frovinca granted Dy tha Statea-Oeneral to tha Weat Indbk Company ot Hollano— Tha Dutch extend their Poaaaa- •Ion* into Connecticut— DIapntaa with New England- Settlement of Delaware by tha Swede*— war between the Dutch and the Indiana- Alarm of the Dutch Governor— The Province gmntad to tbe Duke ot York- 1* Invaded by an English Fleet— Surrender*— Government of Colonel NIchola— Holland oedea New Tork to England— Recapturea it— Cedea It Again- A New Charter Granted— A Free ConsUtutlon given to the Colony by tho Duke of Tork DM CHAPTER II. CoLOWKb DoNOAN'a Admlnlatration— The Five Indian Natlona— Thabr Hostllltv to the French— War-Dlscontant at New York— The French bum SchenectadT- Arrival of Governor Slaughter— Trial and Ezeeu- tlon of Leiater— War* and Mutual Cmeltlea ot tha French and In- diana— Governor Fletoher'a Administration— Captain KIdd— Trial «t Bayard— Administration ot Lord Combuiy— Stata of tha Colony at tha Close of tha Seventeenth Century tut BOOK VI. Nbw Jnsar Bold by tha Duke of Tork to Berkeley and Carterat— Emi- gration from Long Island to New Jeney— Arrival of the First Oov- omor and Settlers from England— Discontent in the Colony — Con- duct ot tha Duke of Tork— Situation of the Quakers In England— Their Emigration to New Jeraey— Remonstrance ot the Quakera Lnding to the Recognition of the Independence of the Province- rtr*t A**embly— R. Barclay appointed Governor— Scotch Emigration to New Jeney— Surrender of the Colonial Patent to the Crown— Con- atltntton of ue Provincial Government attar tha Baunlon ot Eaat andWeatNew Jeney— Stata of tha OoIouT >U BOOK vn. CHAPTER I. VrnmsrvfAXtk um DuAWAsa— Birth and Chancter of WOllam Penm— He SoUcita a Gnmt of American Territory from Charie* n.— Chartar of Pannaylvanla— BmlgnUon of Qnaken to the Provtnca— Letter from Ponn to the Indiana— Grant of Delaware to Penn— Fean'* !•• CONTENTS. In Am#rlc«— Nnmnrim* Kmtifriitlrin— Tlni Fli»t lifirtiliitlTt AMMnblr—C'iinlruvrniv Willi Lnnl HuUlniorp-Trralr wUh th« In- dian*— ^<l«m'iini"n« ntnnnft lh<* CnlorliU— Tlioir l)lM|rr>'<"<><'ntii wllli IVnii— lli> )ii>ltiu Klvc (.'iMiiinloi'l'iMin— Hvliitf l>lwll*IU'il nltli lliciii, liu iiiuki'< M;trkwrll Dmiiilji'diivi'rnur ~DllTtin!iit'i>< iHitwi'iiii lliu iViM'ln of Di'liiwarn hihI I'uiiiiiylviiiitit— DoUwurv obttilni n 8«>|iiiMlo Kxi'i'iillvv— t^dilum In I'tMiiMjrltunlik— Pi'nn lloprivoil of hU Ailtliorltv— HelcliiT ii||>liiloii« iif tliu qunknn coiK'«riiiii|{ N*Kro SUvvrjr— RviwwitI i>f tlii< l>U|iiitPi Ixlwiwn tli* Two HUtr»— Tbvir Union DImoIvwI— Cotiillllnn «r Uvlawuni aotl ronntylvtulii ut Iba eloM of Um SI««uUi Cxnturf APPENDIX. IT4TI ind ProapceU of Uia North Amorlean Pmrlncf* at Um elo*« of the 8«Tenk«iitli Contury— Onlnluui of Um CuIuiiUU rcipactlDg Ilia rullc; of Uraat Drtlain . . - to tha nr«t Part of tha llUtorjr of North Amarla* . , MM 130 S4t CoMTINUATIOir or THE IllRTnRT OF NoRTn AmKRIOA FBOM Tim Period or tub ENOLian Hetolvtiom or 1689. CHAPTER I. Ourvrm batwaan Naw Tork and New Jcr«e]r— Orarthrow of tha Roral Oovamment In Naw York— Scttloment of reiiniylvania— Now Uhar- tar for Miitachumlta— KwtoratUin of tho Uoveniiiiunl lu Now York —War with tlia French and Indluna— Wur with Cuutila, and with tha Bpanlah Colonle*— HatUemont uf tha Bouuditrioi batwuvn Maaiacha- •atu and Counacticui—Tala College M8 CHAPTER II. Pan* Money In Matiaehiuetta— Inroada of tha Indiana— Deputation to the French— Altoratlont In tho Chsrlor— Ulipute* between tha Xz- aeullTo and tho Leffttliitura— Adjuitniont of tho Riraadary Ulipntaa betwoan New York and New Jonoy— Coiitroveray between New Tork and Canada— Proiperlty of the Northern Colonlaa— Proceed- Inirt In Carolina— Settlement of Tnmoaea Territory— Settlement of Oeorsia— Qiwrrel with the Spaniard*— Attack upon 8t Augutlna— AborUTa Allanpt npon Oaorpla 880 CHAPTER III. Wt* hftwaan Fiance and England— The Attack and Surrender of Lonl*- burg— D'AnvlUe'i Expedition- Abortive Attempt upon Nova Scotia —Peace— Paper Money— Dlicovery of LoaUlana and Foundlnir of Naw Orleana— The Rupture between tha EngUah and French Colonic*— Capture of Nora Scotia — Expedition* agalnat Crown Point and Niagara — Capture of Oawego— Unancceaafnl Attack upon Tlcon- dofon— Detalla of the SoTeral Campaign*— Capture of Qnabae by tha BnglUh, and the Death of Wolfo— inrrendar of New Franea— aananl Peace SSS CHAPTER IV. IllMOBT of the Colonla* from tha Peace of Pari*, 1T8S, to 1174 . 880 CHAPTER V. PsoriEltmos of the Britleh Parliament In Conaaqnenee of the Daetme- tlon of Tea by the Boitonlana ........ 808 CHAPTER VI. pKOCBBDntoa In the Colonleo— Tha Congrca* at Philadelphia— Reaoln- lion* agreed npoD 870 CHAPTER VII. rkitonomoi In Great Britain In Reaponae to the Action of the Colonla* 878 CHAPTER VIII. CoiinqiTKKon in America of tha Action taken In Great Britain— Com- mencement of Hoetllltle« — A Day of Fasting and Uumiliatlon Ap- Eilnted— Landtnir of Britlah Troops at Uostou— BatUo of Bunker* 111 and QoUont Retreat of the Americana 880 CHAPTER IX. Itmrao of the Second Congrsia— An Army Organized- Petition to the Kip J— General Washington made Commander-in-Chief— Tronaao- Hon* In Massochusctt* 884 CHAPTER X. TMOVDEaoaa Token— Canada Invaded— Varied Fortune* of the Colo- lii*U 887 CHAPTER XI. flsiKACTiOKS In Virginia— The Carollnas— Georgia— General State of AOoiia In the Colunta* in 1775— Proceedings In Husodiuaetta— Kraeuatlon of Boston .... . . . , I8I CHAPTER Xil. Pkocnnixoa In Parllami'iil— t>|ierHtl»ns In Hnntb Carolina— Maw Tork snil Nkw Jrrsc'jr-Kr. Krniikllii -A llrlllnh Klmt on the IIimIxmi— Ciim|>liiliiti> iiu.iliiat Wii»lilii^;l(in — l>>'lull« iif till' Will' — Hit kiicss auiiinu tliu AiiiiTliKii IKMips •The Aiiii'iiriiiis llrlvi'ii mil of (an- silii-riimiuutt uf Nuw Yuiii liy the UrllUh— Kiul uf tliu Caiiiiislgn of i7;u ..... . . J HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER I. Or Indepandenra— Stale (^mstltullon and the Conredomtlon- I/Po'a Mo- tion In CiiiiKrt'ss— The Act of Indvpeuduiiui — The Couucll ut Cen- sors In I'cunsylvauia 4M CHAPTER II. Tna Campaign of 1777 In the Mldille Stntoii— The Speerh of John Qiiliiey Adams uu Lar«yuttu— Successes of the Brltl«li under Sir W. Iluwv— American PrlvaUiers 4U CHAPTER III. Tm Northern Campaign of 1777— Movements slmut trfike Champlain— Memoir of (Iciicral Starke— The Coniluvt ulnam— Warlike Mani- festo by the Biinnlsh Ambasnador against Great Britain— The Con- test In the South 44T CHAPTER VII. Or Continental Paper Currency 481 CHAPTi5R VIII. Tm Indiana— Expadltloni Into tlioir Country— Tho Trouble* of Wyo- mlog— UoiToraoftha War 481 CHAPTER IX. CaMFAiaN of 1780 In the South^Attack upon Charleston— Surrender of tha Army of Dcfcuca— Defeat of the Amerlcau Army near Camden . 481* CHAPTER X. CAMFAiaH of 1780 In the Northern States— Mlafortnnea of the Cnlnnlats— Memoir of Major Andre— Barbarity Charged against tha Amartcon* for hi* Execution .481 CHAPTER XI. FONioit Affbli* In Connection with the American Rarolntlon— Abortive Plana of the French and Spaniards— Dutch Assistance to the Ameri- cana—Attack upon St Eustatia by the British— It* Contequence* . 481 CHAPTER XII. BiTOtT in Pennsylvania and Now Jersey- DIstreaaaa of tha imertcan Aimlea— Arnold's Invasion of Virginia 410 CHAPTER XIII. CAnrAloa of 1781— Operations In the Two Carallnsa and Georgia— Con- duct of General Monran— Esenpo of General Greene Into VlfgInU -Ills Defeat by Lord Comwallls— The Battle of Eutaw Final In South Carolina . . • 411 CHAPTER XIV. OmATiOK* in Virginia— The Importance of French Assistance to the Cause of the CoIonlsU- The Investiture of Yorktown— Capitula- tion of ComwalU*— Congrcsslouul Honours to Washington and the Flench General* 4TI CHAPTER XV. Tn Treatment of Prisoner* and Dlstresso* of the Inhabitant* . . 481 CHAPTER XVI. ClurAioif of 1788— Foreign Events and Negotiation*— Peace . . .488 CHAPTER XVII. Btati of Fortlei- The Quakers averse to Independence— Effect* of tin War npon tho Manners of the People — Advantages aad Disadvan- tage* of the Revolution 8M i * I CONTENTS, »>• . 4U ' tit 9 |. I «» 4H 4in' Ml m «n 4M I ^ PMa OIIAPTBn XVIIl. DaCMiMl of Wi« Unllvil HUlrt Army— Rviirnitlinn o( Ntw Tnrh— R*- •tKUitliin of WiMhlniitiin - Arniiii[i mi Tiirrllorjr-I'ulilio DUIn^im FnlliirK at lli« Arlli'K* *ltfii of IMW— Review of lh« War In Wextrm •ml NiirlliKni VlrKlnlu -(trowth ^ the National Onht— AlUnnpu to Nrvotlitr n rincv— Hklll of the Con- M«r*tee In lliilliling Inm-i'luila aihl ( onKlriallnK Tor|iiulos*— Bher man'a Mareb rmm Atlunia- Attack upon HuviinnKh — Kxpedlllona acalMt Fort FUber — Ueinnnatnllnii* acalii*t Alabama — Oenenu C'anby'* Movement aniuat Mobile— The Campaign of iMOi-dS In Vlf> Cnto—Tha OonSlot anoul Ilatehar'a Run— Corr**ponilenee betweoa w and Grant— Meeting of the Two Commander* at McLean'* Farm Hon** Sufwnder of the ConMorate General— Flight of Prealdent Davia— The Loat Cunttlct— A**a**lii*tlon of Prv*ldent Lincoln— At* tempt to Murder Mr. Bew.ird — lliirlol of Llnouln — LoMee of tha Armlea latlmatad— Kevlew of the Union Armlee .... CHAPTER XXXII. AMttwitnuTiow of Andrew Jolmaon — Proclamation Coneamlng th* Bouth-Kiiual Righto (br Wbltoa and Blacka-Tha Teat Oath BUI— Amendment of the Oonetltntlon— Conduct of Mr, Sewerd agalnit th« Emperor of Mexico— Canada Rafnaea Mr. Seward'a Damanda— Pol* Ic; of the Prealdent on the Queatinn of Civil RIghU — Conventloa of tha National Union Club at Phlladelphla-PollUcal Quarrel*— Irlah American Raid upon Canada— The Fourteenth Amendment— ProclamatMna Regarding Texaa and the PolMleal RlghU of the Boulk — Negutlatlona For the Settlement of the Alabama Clalma — Tha Mexican Difflculty — Impeaobinent of the Prealdent— The Flftaantk Amendment tu the Conatltutlun CHAPTER XXXIII. AoMlliltnuTioK of Grant— Virginia, Tax**, and MlaiUalppI— Congfa** Refute* to Acknowledge a Supreme Being— FInancee of tha Country —Panama Slilp Canal— Piogreaa of Kaurganlxlng tha South— l.abor Movemento— Proclamation Relative to The Franco-German War— Revocation of BbloDlng Lleewea by Canada— Tha Alabama Clalma ■ of uuebandry— SeUure of the n>vlMnt**lon* In Congreee CHAPTER XXXIV. QuniiiAi. SoMiAnT- Education, Commerce, and Navtrntion— Agrieol* culture — Hanufacturen— Cotton, Mining, RaUrooda, and Cauala— Immigration— Population— Religion— Tvlegnpha— Poatal Service— Nawapapera-Oold-Tba PubUa Debt . NARRATIVE OF THE INDIAN WARS IN NEW ENGLAND. Pbii ACT SUB CHAPTER I. XjrrMnvanoa- Ftrat Settlement of New England— Conference and Con- cla*lon of Peace with the Indiana— Treaonery of the Poquoda— Fight with the ColonlaU In llM— Vlalt of MlantonUno, Sachem of tha Nar- laganaetta, to Boaton— Captain Maaon'a Report of an Attack on Ml- anlonlmo— Final laine of the Peqnod War— Manaaatolt'* League with the Engllah at Plymouth— Covenant of Philip, Chief Sachem of Pa- kanoket— Renewed Treacheriea and Breech of Treat; Bogagementa —New Agreement with the MarraganMitta— Hoatagoa given Tor their Good Bebavlotti^-tieenpatlon of the Plymouth Force*— Expedition to the Indian ScttlemenU on the Merrlmat^Perfldy of the Nlnnet Indiana— Alliance with the Peonoda— IncidenU lu the War-Har- den of Women and Children— DeaperatM ''onfllct with the Nom- ganaetta— Buffering* of the CoIonl*«a and their Alllea— Deatructlon of Laneaater— Attack on Groton and Other Place*— Amneetv offered by Proclamatlona at Boaton— Peralatence of Philip In the Wat^-SaOer- ing* from Drought— Great Fire at Boaton 04 CHAPTER II. Tha War from Placataqna to Pemmaquld— Cauae* of the Dl*turbane»— Barbarona Conduct at Ovatcr Bay— Attack upon the Colonials at Salmon Fall*— Remarkable Eacape of Anthony Bracket and lUa Wife —Indian Buipriae* of the BetUera— Hletory of Froncla Cord— Jolu Pain* 003 KING PHILIP'S WAR. To TBI Bbadib 881 CHAPTER I. BnTUomiT of Mr. Church- Hi* Dlfflcultle* with the Matlvea— Aaaanlt upon the Settlement— Indian Priaoner* Bold aa Slave*— Btratesy of the King— Commlaalon to Captain Church- Intereatlug Detalla ol the Wai^-Suooeaoea agolnat the Enemy 883 CHAPTER II. . Tbb HIatotv Conttoned— The Conncil of War to Captain ChnrclH- General Inatmotlona— The Flrat Expedition Ea*t— Captain Cburch'a Report to the Governor and Council of Ha**achriaotta— The Second Expedition— Official Reporta— The Third Expedition— Official Docn- menU and Reporte— The Fourth Expedition— Proceedlnga of Major Church- Tha Fifth and Last Expedition— Official Letter* and Id* atructlono— Detail* of the Expedition ... . • 801* CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. (P CONTINUATION OF HISTORY OF THE UNTIED STATES. ODAPTIR ZZXY. Anwnmmuntmt tl Omt mMI Rt]rt»-lBporlnt DmMom ta Ik* UalM ■Ulw Ooan— ConvwUoM of ■MllMni DikgilM, Twijiw m le- •tatiM, Mi40i>f»— W»M«MMlflM B «w « bhw t OIH KW !■ Ul>— DMtk oT TIm-PiwM«bI Baary WlteOD-Whliliy rnitid»-tMf*«H]r BnlkMp-CnUoDhl ■■kibltkm, OoMt, RMtlpti, ■ta.-IVMidMtkd BIwtioa lUlanM, BtWUn w at by m Arfi«|MMBt— Mockt Md lUp* plag— Mikwiord R. SajrM laMgwaltd— N«w OabtaMi— M«Mltoa, OoMMoa •Aoote Md OtOHw-IaOiMi Wm, Outar, MM^ Bill, JoMpk-Uket MnkM-DMllM la lamlipillM-FtnuM-^nrw- VMM17QMMM1 IH OHAPTBB XZZVI. ftnmu. loyMA^T Mid VdMkto Hilhlkri iBfonMUoB— Fonlsa Md OomMtH Tnde-MalMtai of lekooU, UnlTinitlM, lod IwiteiHii r«bli« DaM, Coin Hd BaUloB— Mawipapm lad rwlodkaU-IMiy rn4iMl»-rroduciloa ofOoldMd aifw-RiJlMadi Md roptdMlan- «MlaM-rMk LMd*. 1M CONTINUATION OF HI8T0RT OF SOUTH AMERICA •MAiib— III RMoanM— Dom PMwh- T o p«l*t l M IwlmllM T wn- toiT-WMllh-Tnil^-Rdtnwd^Aiiitt^Um. ... TM Onu— Ttrrttory— fbpaUUo*— Kiporli Md Impofla— Oklll Md Ttn^ UmMtlog. • J. • i fM loDAmw — PopaliUim — Twrllorv — OoaatrM — lodlge — Btfbon — lUrolta. ......... no rnv— lilM»-Inh*bHMU-biporii-lnMil»-nTel«MaM— a«tMM — Pablk Oonltknr*. . ~ ..... . Til BouviA— rrMldtnl IImI— rr«« Pori-ArlialM of Ispoii-Ibnnwda— Mek Bllvar LiodM— DraMltloM of TrNldml*— PnwptroM TImM. Til Mmunnu RnvM.fo-Popal«Ua«— PtovImm— RiTma»-Trid« hi Mf M •■d HortM— lUttrntdi. nt OiutaMALA-rrMldMltal JOfaMoa— ■ormM-Importi— PMotfal dlaU of AflklnH-MMiaMi, bad*, Md AqMdMM TU OoMA Rka— ttoTolaUoa — Rotmm— Boaadtrtao— KmataUoe— Idaw- __ tfcm-CoaiBMraa-Coata Miaa Ballfotd-Bilttoh OoniBl DiMilwad. m OnmuL Am aaiOA-OoBlWaaM of Dtltgatw— Prajoola for a OoalMoia- CT^Moa4hMaMtof tkalekMia. 7^ T .... lU WWAkAauAn-TanHoTy— FDcaUMo^-lipoHa Im p orta Koat* of Skip Otaal— Trada— Tobaeaov t . . . . 1M YnMuatA— PopaUUoa— Idaealloa-Imporia-Ksporti-TalMiapba. IM OauNOU -loaadiriM -ropalaOoe — CipoHi -Iiapprl* — Debt -Mk' mat of PaaaoM Railway— InpraraaMnU—flnatcaaai Prajad Itt FABAaoAT— Bonndaiy TroablM— Fluotaattag lUvanaM— Debt— tiporia — Inporti— Moeor trcm toadoe— llvaia Opaa to Fia* MiTlnlloB. M Mnieo-Boaadariia— Araa— repalaUon— Army— Aitldaaof Import aad lipoil— Toaaaga— IUfoli i |loai B rl Mn da laTt a aa ■ m aajiMBg. 1M KBiMWAbABTipuM-fnm KMtorfc^5iiirnM»-'nai MawToik OaamAb BniAaiu. m 1M OaRONOLOOT, m DI I./ CA E) Df E^ no RE CA BA DR AU TR OA TH TH BA BA BA SU mA LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ISO m m ni m m na im 1M m CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. PORTRAIT. . . . t . . t . FrtnUi^ttt, GEORGE WASHINGTON. PORTRAIT Ftiiig FrttHiipitt*. JAMES A. GARFIELD. PORTRAIT, FttH^ /ffKm^M Ttlh. (PERSICOS) COLUMBUS AND THE INDIAN MAIDEN V^mth TM», DE SOTO DISCOVERING THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. Pagt 14 LANDING or COLUMBUS. . . "SO CAPTURE or THE CITY Or MEXICO BY CORTEZ. .••«'.«• t ••. t t « IM EXECUTION or THE INCA Or PERU BY PIZARRO, .••»«i«««»t** "140 DOM PEDRO II., EMPEROR OF BRAZIL. PORTRAIT. .••••• "170 ENGLISH PURITANS ESCAPING TO AMERICA "NO BOSTON MASSACRE " 8M RETREAT OF THE BRITISH FROM CONCORD. - tn CAPTURE OF FORT TICONDEROGA, "880 BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. "881 DRAFTING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE "400 AUTOGRAPHS OF THE SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE "400 TREASON OF ARNOLD. "484 BATTLE OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN— MCDONOUGH'S VICTORY ' " OtH THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS. "810 THE BATTLE OF CHURUBUSCO-CAPTURE OF THE "TETE DE PONT." 'MO BATTLE OF MURFREESBORO "370 BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA I «•• "080 BATTLE OF THE WiLDERNESS. . . « • •• 880 SURRENDER OF GENERAL LEE " BM MASSACRE AT FORT MIMMS, "OOO mtmm COMMENDATORY LETTER BENSON J. LOSSING. Esu. -•♦- The Ridge, Dover Plains, N. Y., * GKNrt.KMKN— I have carefully examined your work entitled "Tiir. Hwtory or The Two Amkricas," and can commend it rnt a moHt valuable book for the student of the marvelou* story of the diicovcry, settlement, and progress of the VVkstkkn Continrnt. The value of the portion treat* inj;; of the history of earlier events here, is fully attested by the flict that it contains, in complete form, Belknap's Biographies of the Discoverers of America, and of the Early Founders of the North American Colonies; Robertson's History of South America; Ramsay's History of the American Revolution; Grahame'i Colonial History of the United States, ami Hubbard's History of the Indian Wars in New England. These works have stood the tests of criticism and subsequent investigations, the first three for a greater portion of a century, the fourth for about forty years, and the fifth for two hundred years. Rev. Dr. Belknap's biographical work has been a standard authority since its publi* cation in 179R. Rev. Dr. Robertson's qualities as a historian have been lauded by scholars for mora than a hundred years. Geor^'c the Third appointed him Historiographer of Scotland in 1764, and afterward ofilcred him compensation if he would undertake a History of England, notwithstanding Hume's History hud lately been published. James Cirnhame's Colonial History uf our Republic is a later work, but is regarded by scholars as one of the best of its class ; and Dr. Duvid Ramsay's Story of the Revolution, in the scenes of which he was a participant, has received the highest enco- miums for its fullness and accuracy. General Greene vouched for its truthfulness, ami Lafayette said : " He has put everything into it; he abbreviates like a Florus." Rev. William Hubbard's Indian His- tory, published in 1678, has been copiously used as a standard authority by writers on the subject ever since. Your book, containing the text and annotations of all these works, with a continuation of each to the present time by competent pens, is a volume of rare intrinsic value, not only to the students of American History, but to all readers of the same. It was a felicitous idea to combine, with a History of the United States, a full account of the southern portion of our continent, for its discovery and early settlement were coeval with that of North America, and intimately associated with the history of the latter. Besides, the Empire of Brazil and the important republics of South America arc daily becoming more and- more intimately associated with our current history, our commerce, and our social life, rendering a more intimate knowledge of the past of those republics and of that Empire essential to our well-informed people, especially the portion engaged in traffic. Robertson's History of South America extends from the discovery to 1772, and has been con- tinued to the present time by a competent hand. The same may be said of Grahame's History, con- tinuing from the Revolution until now in a well-written and well-arranged condensed History of ■ the United States down to the present time. In addition to the historical portion of your work, there is a compact statement of the present condition of our country, compiled from the National Census ef 1870. Altogether, nothing seems wanting to make it, as its title imports, a complete History of America. * « * * I hope its circulation may be adequate to its merits. BENSON J. LOSSING. INTRODUCTION THE HISTORY OF THE TWO AMERICAS. »>■ America t To comparatively few ha» it bMn poaaibte to know well the grand aignificance ttf that aingte word. The tourcea of information were not acceaaible to ordinary readers. When Dr. Smith, without a thought of iia [wrennial |K>pularity, wrote hia national hymn, ho aang,— , " My native country, thee, Land of the noble free, Thy name I love ; * I love thy rocks and rilla, Thy wooda and tempted hilla, My heart with rapture thrilla Like that above : " \m portit-nt ^MMiiua awcpt only the boundaries of that belt across the northern half which Is included in our ^rvat Rupublic. Of this " Sweet land of liberty " we have excellent hiatoriea, and their record of the little more than two centuries since the germ of our nationality wna planted on these shores, is studied in our common-schools. But AMKRICA is a hemisphere, stretching from pole to pole, with the thrilling annals cf nearly • thousand years, and with every variety of climate, scenery, and resources. Columbus was not th« first to discover this continent of wonders in nature and in civilization. Almost five hundred years be* fore the Genoese looked upon Amrricu, amid his mutinous crew, Djarni (or, as sometimes written, Biron), son of the brave old Icelandic navigator, Hurjulf, saw its wild, mist-curtained coast I And in 1006, Gudrid, the beautiful wife of Thorfin, whose galley followed in the wake of Bjarni's, gave birth to the first " live Yanken " on the shores of Massachusetts I The boy was named Snorri, and in his noblo manhood founded one of the most distinguished families of Iceland, then the abode of princely Scan- dinavians, with their retinues of armed followers. An American, with the best blood of Europe in his veins, upon its Arctic Island, nearly nine hundred years ago I Standing; by the rude cradle of Snorri, upon the sands of Buzzard's Bay, in this colony of one hundred and fifty-vight persons, seven of whom, including Gudrid, his mother, were women, we look down the ages to the present hour. Columbus, Americus Vespucius, Cabot, Cartier, De Soto, Gilbert, Raleigh, Gosnold, Smith, Champlain, Gorges, Hudson, and the Puritans, pass in stately proces sion before us, as they succeed each other along the coasts of rocky islands and stormy mainland, and up the majestic rivers of North America, in which the grandest Republic of the past is now attracting the gaze, ard, by its marvelous progress, threatening the stability of the monarchies of the world. We turn the view southward, and the dashing Cortez and Pizzaro lead the adventurous colonies of the warmer latitudes into the sunny plains of Mexico, the home of the Montczumas and the golden realm of the Incas of Peru, whose ancient and marvelous inhabitants, and their achievements, are lost in fascinating mystery. alv INTRODUCTION. I Visions of cxhaustlcss treasures, dazzling pageantry, sanguinary battles, and magnificence be- yond tlic descriptive power of pen or pencil — of forests, mountains, and rivers, haunt the imagination. The narrative of all these lanils, their people, and the empires and republics which they have created, together making up the annals of the VVestern Memisphere, for the first time has been gathered from libraries, new and old, and with unsparing research and loyalty to truth, in a single volume within the reach of all. THE TWO AMERICAS is this marvel of clearly-written, logically- ar.-anged, and indispensable information, to the man or woman whose boast is, " I am an American citizen." The essential facts of this vast and varied continent are grouped by masters in historical writ- ing, whose authority is not questioned by critics. One h.is only to enter tlie largest private or public libraries, and let the eye glance, till it is weary, along the shelves, to discern clearly the investment beyond the means of the many, necessary to purchase the volumes which would furnish the historical facts, biography, and descriptive sketches contained in tliis elegant quarto. I'rom ten hundred and two, to eighteen hundred and seventy-tight, this story of our own land extends. It connects the remotest outline of history with the daily-reported present, for the youngest rc.ider now coming upon tiie stage of our stirring national life. The political revolutions, the wars of the Republic, especially so the latest one, and the most delicate ami difficult to chronicle with an un- prejudiced mind, are, we think, recorded with remarkable impartiality and fidelity. No bitter words to reopen the healing wounds of the recent conflict among brethren in the re-united national family, are used in narrating the victories of its loyal sons. It is thus a volume for every latitude, from the settlements of the Aroostock region of Maine, to those in the pines of evergreen Florida, and being alike attractive to young and old, it is worthy a place in every library. The crimson record of Indian warfare, since the first arrow was shot from the red man's bow at the white invader of his hunting grounds, is also added to these American Annals. The fearful romance of savage bravery and cruelties, of massacre, and flying men, women, and children, the pioneer martyrs of the nation, is vividly portrayed, not alone for those who have read the tragical pages which such a country only could furnish the world, but preserved for the generations to come, to whom the Indian will be a being of the past— a shadowy, startling phantom of the vanished wilder- ness he had for ages called his own. But perhaps no part of this library in one book will have fresher and more practical attraction to not a few readers, than that which reveals the greatness and richneiiS in resources of nearly every kind, of the realm of Dom Pedro, the royal traveler. Like the Russian Empire, tts vast area includes mountain ranges of great length, mighty rivers, and extensive plains ; and in these it is second only to the domain of the autocrat. But how wide the contrast in climate, soil, and productions ! That Empire of the Eastern Hemisphere is half the year ice-bound and mantled in snow, while barren wastes stretch across its interior. Brazil is a world of luxuriant vegetation, rich- est foliage, and flowers, of fruits and grains, of silver and diamonds, of colored woods for furniture, of sugar-cane and coffee. With a limited monarchy, and a liberal ruler, who has devoted a year and a half to the study of the nations whic'.: he has traversed, Brazil has an importance and unbounded interest to all the citizens, and to the enterprising merchant, especially of the United States. Steamships, railways, and telegraphic lines, together with the lofty aiiibltion of the Emperor to develop the exhaustless riches of his dominions, and elevate the people, will make Brazil a near and use- ful neighbor in the brotherhood of nations, during the opening century of our own unrivaled progress. Nor is this all: outside of our multiplying States, this new aspect of Brazilian wealth and advancement which makes a comprehensive work on America, like this volume, so timely and valuable for general reading and reference to us, will be true to some extent (and no one can tell how great) of every other part of the continent. Chili, Peru, Columbia, and, indeed, every part of South America, is rich in manifold productions, which, during the life of the present generation, may touch the material interests INTRODUCTION of the more favored States of our own nation. The waking of Brazil from the shimber of ages over her latent powers of unlimited growth — under the quickening energy of our own advancing civilization — will doubtless be followed by a similar resurrection of the smaller, yet richly-endowed commonwealths which are around her. To all these lands, our central and beneficent progress of every kind will extend, and they, in turn, enrich us with their varied and exhaustless resources. It, then, becomes a duty pressing upon parents, teachers, and all who have any responsibility to the young, to encourage in all possible ways the circulation and study of so great a work upon our majestic continent. Such ? treasury of knowledge can not fail to be welcomed to the homes and libraries of all the people. The day is parsing when Americans will turn away from their land of undeveloped wealth and unseen wonders, to the dazzling riches and natural magnificence of the old monarchies and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere, worshipping at the shrines of " storied greatness," while ignorant of the lands of more boundless treasures, and grander scenes within the boundaries of their own twin Americas. Into this New World, the Old World, from the Arctic Circle to sunny Japan, is steadily pouring the tide of population. And surely the generation of our native citizens now in our schools and seminaries, ought to be familiar with the length and breadth of the land which is to furnish homes for " every kindred tongue and people." This knowledge is accessible in the humblest cabin where lies " The Two Americas." The early peopling of the Old World, the moving caravans of ancient tribes across the ^eppes of Asia and over the plains of Europe, are lost in the mystery of an unwritten past. But, excepting the precise origin of our Indian races, we can track the emigration of all the teeming millions of the Western Hemisphere, giving to our annals the satisfying charm of certainty. Good engravings are always a valuable addition to any pages which admit of illustration, and are preeminently so in a historical narrative, delighting the eye, while impressing indelibly upon the mind the scenes and events portrayed by the artist. The finished sketches which adorn this volume form a series of historical pictures, which add their illustrative interest to the text. The Indian, Revolutionary, and late Civil Wars have stirring and active scenes presented to the vision by the " cunning hand of the artist." Indeed, nothing is omitted which thoughtful and comprehensive design could appropriate • from all the materials available, to make the great work exhaustive and monumental in character, as it is in form, being the only complete history ever published of the two Americas. And in addition to this unequaled collection of historical facts, there is a full chronological index, the only complete work of the kind ever published, which fully covers the chronology of both North and South America. The great importance and value of this will be appreciated by all. The scholar, the teacher, and the politician, and every other intelligent student of history, may here find an epitome of American history, which scholarship and patient labor have made full and accurate ; and which will furnish him, without loss of time, with any event or date to which he may desire to refer. In confirmation of the high opinion we have given of the value of such a work, the publishers, in this connection, have the great satisfaction of presenting to the public a letter received from B, J. Lossing, the well-known and admired pen-and-pencil historian of our own land. This appreciative commendation, on a preceding page, will be a fitting prelude to the outline view, in this introduction of THE TWO AMERICAS. p. C. HE AD LEY. SI *^ "What can b« more ittlrrlnR «n