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The following diagrams illustratt thB method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est fiimd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut er bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. )y errata ed to mt me pelure, agon d J3, 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vo) - CANADA NATIONAL LIBRARY BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE r £L. In 1. A. Del Ma Mai 2. T^ fcri tan Jhc 5. A Sto Cui the Afr lUuftr AGe Printe I VMMM Voyages and Defcriptions. Vol. II. In THRJEE Parts, i;/^. 1. A Supple mcf?t of the Voyage round the Worlds Defcribing the Coun treys oiTor?qinn,Achm^ Malacca^ &c. their Produd, Inhabitants, Manners, Trade, Policy, &c. 2. Two Voyages to Campeachy ^ with a Dc- fcription of the Coafts, Produft, Inhabi- tants, Logwood-Cutting, Trade, &c. of Jucatan^ Campeachy^ New-Spain^ ^V. 5. A Difcourfe of Trade-Winds, Breezes, Storms, Seafons of the Year, Tides and Currents of the Torrid Zone tliroughout the World : With an Account of Nutul in Africk, its Produd, Negro's, &c. By Captain If^tlliam Dampicr. Illuftrated with Particular Maps and Draughts. To which is Added, A General I N D E X to both Volumes LONDON, Printed for James K7inptof», at the Crcjr^i in St Pauls Cliurch-yard. M DC XCIX. .- ^ *^' • . E Ear Vi Sh Ac M of] rat MyL » ^' ■ '^ upon I Name i able Pi mer Vo^ agreed recomm and 1 J cfit: to prefc To the Right Honourable EDWARD, Earl of OR FORD, Vifcount "Barfieur^ Baron of Shingey^ Principal J.ord of the Admiralty^ Treafurer of his Majefty's Navy, <^r. and ona of his Majefty's moft Honou- rablc'Privy Council. My Lor a, *^ 1^/5 in AcknovpkJgement of the Fa- JL vouYs your Lorc/Jhip has conjerrd iipon me, that I frefume to ^lace your Name before t he fe Papers . The Honour-^ able Perfon to whom I dedicated mj for- mer Volume could not have tal^n a more agreeable way to befriend me^ than by recommending me to your Patronage -y and 1 Jhall always retain a grateful fenfe of it : and your Lord/hip has beenpleascf p prefer me in a way fuit able to my Genius I A » and anJ Experience j and vpherein therefore^ if 171 any way^ I may be able to do fovie^ thing toward the pejerving the good Opi- nion you have been pleafed to entertain of me, 'T/5 a further fatisfaRion to me that my Employment is of fuch a Nature^ as does not alienate me from your Lord* fhips more peculiar Jurifdi^ion , but places me more immediately under it^ an J chiejly act ountable to your felf. What- ever parts of the IVorld I jhall range intQ^ Ijhall carry this comfort along vpiih me^ that next under the Providence of God^ and his Majeftys Prote^ion y 1 Jhall be, fo long as I am upon the Seas, in the Province^ and under the Vire^ion of your Lordjhip and the Honourable Board : for whofe favours to me in general I have no better way of Expreffing my Gratitude^ than by doing it thus to your Lordjhip^ who fre/idi^s there dnd with thefe Sentiments, I am hdd to fubfcribe my felf, ?v'.'i/ LcrJ, ■ ■ ■ Your i.ordftiips Moft Faithful, and Devoted Humble Servant, IVilliam Dampier, "i TNthe what I to whai change Parts, another each Pi that thi The from ^ which I ions th( of that peciallj m^de a tisBed 1 cations leave, to whoi I have faw, ftl of whal ^ge roul The Bay of| thein. the Re\ gone fq kind Neighij der to Thel Tidc5,| may b pait nui!c eforCj jovie- i Opi- ertain to vie lature^ Lord" y but (er it J What-^ e into^ ith me^ of God, I Jhall in the I of your Board : f 1 have ttitudey ordjhipy b thefe my f elf. I, and tmpier. The PREFACE. IN the Preface to my former Vokme, I have accounted for the >De(ign, Metliod and Stile of thofe Relations of iny Travels : what I have more to fay of tliat kind, is chiefly with reference to what I now offer the Reader. Thus far I have thought tit to change my Method in this Volume, as to divide it into dillind Parts, becaufe the Matters it treats of are fo different from one another, in point of Time, or other Circumftances : but (till in each Part I have taken the lameCourfe of making feveralChapters, that this Volume might retain fome Uniformitywith the other. The jF/r/? of thefe is that Account Ipromifed of my Voyages from Achin m Sumatra^ to feveral places in the E, Indies \ of which I forbore to particularize in the former Volume, for Re a- fbns there mentioned. I have now mere than difcharg'd my (elf of that Promife : for I have improved my own Obfervations, ef- pccially ^s to7b«^^M, by thofe of fome Englijh Gentlemen, who m.ide a confiderablc Hay in that Kingdom. lam abundantly fa- tisfied my (elf ot tUeir Ability and Integrity ; the proper Qualifi- cations in things of this Nature: and could I fiave obtained their leave, the Red^'r^^Xia ihould have had the fansfaiflion of knowing to whoni he was to abfcribe feveral of • hofe Particulars : Hovvcvcr> I have taken frequ;fit Occalions tn diilin^uilli in general what I faw, from what I was informed of This Parr is the Sfipp/e?nent of what is contained in the foymcr Volume y and complcats the Joy- age round the J'Vorld, The SecondV:x.rt contains what relates to the time I fpcnt in the Bay of Camfeachy, cither as a Logwood-Gutter, or a Trader to them. This was bribrc I ioade my Voyage round the World, as the Reader will perceive: and uporuhis occafion, therefore, I have gone fo far back,aj to Ipeak of my HrilEurranrc upon thisR ambling kind of Life. For the Account it gives of Ciw^f^r-^^,' and die NeighbcuringParrr,of.7/rf/?r/^.«and NcwSoain^ q^-c. I refer the Reci- derto the work its lei f The Third V^xt is an Account of the \Vinds,an(UVeather,Storms, Tides, and Currents of the Tom ^Zow^^, round tlie World; which miy be of i.ife towards the Improvement of Navigation^ and that pait o( Natural HI jlory, Tis the fubllance of what I have re- mark d or learnt, ab©ut t!iings;.:f that kind, in fj long ^ Courfe of ipvnu i! T/je PREFACE. roving upon the Seas : and tho I have not omitted to fpeak of thefe matters in the feriesof my Voyages, as occalion offered, yet J thought it might not be unacceptable, to put them together in one View alfo by themfelves, in a Methodical Difcourfe, ranging the feverai particulars under their proper Heads. To render thefe things the more Intelligible, I have prefixed pe- culiar Maps: one to each of the foregoing Parts; but two to this of the Winds, &c, that the Variety of Trade- Winds might fome way be Pictured, as it were, to the Eye; and the Reader might be the lels liable to be confounded with the Multiplicity of Words, denoting the feveral Points of the Compafs, or other Terms necef- fary to the Defcriptional par t of the Difcourfe. Thefe Maps contain the Torrid Zone, and fo much towards each Pole as was of ufe to my Deiign : and the Projection differs in this only from the Com- mon Maps, that in order to fliew tlie AtUmuk, and Sonth Oceans each in one entire View, the Divilion of the Hemilbhafres is made, not at the firft Meridian, (reckoning from Temrife^) nor at the 350th, as is ufual alfo and as 'tis in the Globe-Map, prefixed to my firtt Volume, but at the 300th ; yet ftill retaining the common Graduation in the Equator^ from that cuftomary Meridi- an of the Canaries, or C. I'erd. And upon thismentionof the ^/^/^Air/V)^ Sea, there is one thing I would obfcrve to the Reader, t\\d,t I uie that name not only for the A^o^//? Sea,as 'tis call d, but for this whole Ocean, on both fides o^t\\QEqpiator.bct\\Q^r\Enrop€ ^vM^Africk^on one \undy2iX\di America on the other. If I be queftioned for taking thisLiberty,! fliould think it enough to fay, that 1 wanted a general Name for this whole Ocean, and I could not find one more proper. And yet even as to the Reaf)nof the thing, if the Difcovery of a Sea to the Sotith of the Jjlhrnaso^Darien, or the A/(?, rather, of the whole Continent of America ; much more may I be allowed a lefs confiderable enlarge- ment of the name ofAtLmicl^ScA, which others have long fince ex- tended to fo great a part of this Ocean, from its Original narrow Confines, the Neighbourhood of Mount Atlas, and theCoaftsof A/a/irirama. I know that fo much of this Ocean as lies South of the R. Niger, went ufually by the name of the zAithiopicI^ S^si : yet I can't learn a fufricienc Reafbn for it : for tho 'tis true that the Antients call'd all the South parts of y^/r/V/^ to each Sea, Ethiopia, yet even upon this bottom, the name of c^ihiopcl^ Sea fliouId have beci^ l«fc common to the Oceans on eacii iide die Cape of Good GoodH the Wc; lies nea Empire Sea. A making all the < £. India alfo of bounds. Names Sotah St Zone, a Tot! The firji rhat'tw not hav Thus grown 1 rinfible The L)( Spanijh it into 1 Work, from at in thoft many p; 1 knew to Sailo Main : have CO] blymar tor this dire£l t' cular, I Publicli 'peak of Ted, yet ?cther in ranging ixed pe- to this ;ht fome Jr might fWords, ns necef- contain 3f life to he Com- ' Oceans laeres is ,) nor at prefixed ling the Meridi- le thing only for oth (ides ^erica on think it Ocean, to the ^^ of the efficient 1 Ocean tient of mlarge- ince ex- narrow oafts of Jouth of cl^ ^ea : chat the Ethiopia, fhould lipe of Good The P R E F A C E. Good Hope. But if the Name rauft be appropriai ed, why chis on the Welt of /Africa ? why not rather to that on its E. Coalt ? which lies nearer the Inward or more proper tAithiopta, now the Abifftne Empire \ and confequently might better be cail'd the tAithiopicl^ Sea. Accordingly I have ventured to call it fo, Vol. I. page 289, making 't there the fame as the Indian ; which I alfo make to be all the Ocean from the Eall Coall oi Africa to tlie remotell of the E, India Illands, New Holland, and New Guinea : tho this Name alfo of Indian Sea has been underftood, ufually, of narrower bounds, but be that as it will, I was for ufing comprclieniive Names : and therefore thefe three Names of v/r/4«r/V^, Jndiayt^ and Sof/th Seas or Oceans, ferve me for the whole Ambit of the Torrid Zone, and what elfe I have occai'ion to fpeak of. To thefe three Parts is added a General Index of both Volumes, The firfl Volume fhould not have been publifli d without one, but that 'twas referved to be annex'd to this ^ that the Reader might not have the trouble of turning over two Alphabets. Thus what I deiigned as an Appendix to the former Volwre, is grown to be itsfelf a Volume anfwerable to the other. And I am ftnfible there is one part of the intended Appendix yet behind, viz,. The Defcription of the Somh Sed Coails of America, from the *5'/?^my^ Pilot-Books, &c, 1 confefs I had thoughts ot crowding it into this Volum : but befides the dryntfs and fatigue of fuch a Work, and the fmallleifure 1 had for it, I wasquite difcturaged from attempting it, when upon nearer View of tlie Matter I found in thofc Delcriptions and Charts a repugnance with each other in many particulars; and fome things which from my own experience 1 knew to be erroneous. Indeed as they are they may be very ufeful to Sailors in thofe Parts, being generally right enough in the Main: but I was loth to undertake a work, much of which mufl have confilled in correfting Millakes, and yet have left unavoida- bly many more to be redihed. Others may have Time and Helps for this affair J and future Difcoveries may give greater Light to dired them. To me it fhall futilce, that bating this one parti- cular, I have here endeavoured to perform what 1 had made the Publick exped from me. THE 1 iii The CONTENTS; PART L Ihe Supplement of the Voyage round the World. CI lip. i . The Authors Voyage fmn Achin to Malacca and Ton- t]iiin. 2. The Natural State of Tonqu'm. 3. OftbeSativeSy their Ciifiovn, Religion ^ Trade ^ &C. 4. Of the Governrmvt: KingSy Soldiery ^ and Mandarins. 5- I '"/.'^t' to Tenarl. The a!s. ioumey by land to Cachao, and Occur' rencet. 6. Hii retttrn ft-om Tonquin, vpith jowe particulars of Cambodia ^nd B>iiiC( ■ li, and /hrinjalat Malacca ayid Achin. 7. Achi-Mijfrib'd i its Natural and Political Sate, CuJlontSf Tr/tde, Civil Wary &:c. 5. Hii- Foyagc to Malacca ^^.t/w: Malacca defcribed. 9. His Return to Achin ; Voyage to Fort St George, and thence to Bcncouli ; Bencouli defcribed. P A A T II. 77je Campeachy l^oynges, Cfiap. I. TheA'^ ifl Voyage ro Campeachy, and Return. Jucztin^ Al cranes, and I. ufP'm<::, defcribed. 2. His id Voyage. The E. Coajl of Campeachy defcrib''d ; its Vege- tableSy Wcnther, Animals, &:c. ^. Logrvood-Cnrtingy Beef- Hunting, and Occurrences. 4. The IV. Co:tJf of Campeachy dcfcriFd ; its Mount aiji-Co-pp, Indi- ans , &:c. 5. /A" Co a ft further W. andfroduBs, 0/ Campeachy and New Spaia difcrihcd. T,>: ^''.V /Vf «>•;//(? England. PART III. ADifcourf:.;cf Winds, Storms, Sealons, Tides, and Currents in the Tctrld Zone. Chap. 1. of the True or Uc'y::r:il Trade Wind at Se^, Crofjlng ths Line, Sec 2. of thcCoafiiHi iind conft^v,: 7yad:V/rfids. 3. OftLe}hif:vgTradM":>.<;. J):d Mnfcsr.s 4. of the Ordinary S^'/r'afid Liftd Rrc! Z--S. 5. Ofperu!ijyBre,:z::: .nJ'Vn-.i 4 p:^^: '^^'tr e^l'^s , Summafenta Winds, Cartuj^ci. iJr:icx.ds, Popcg.tiOj, Tcrt:no":v, and Ihrim- rjns. 6. Of ftorr::, X'on--, S'ou-'i<, i^airrij-ac's, TwiFoons, florm^ Montbon'; ,^ aad £{?phai;ru\. '' ". OftheSrafhrifrhel.r.r, V'':vl^r, R.ir;s .'KdTjynadocy. g nfTi; 'Jn.iCiS World. 1 and Ton« t/^t , and Occur' Cambodia omSf Trade, and thence 1 (. Jucatan' Zovffj Indi' >Jew fi V Spaia / ;» rides, ''^'oS'^g thi mmafenta d Harma- IS, Jloryny foc.% SiC. to the '^oy- Pu- and hlo nbo-. Co- City ;hina And I i ^ ofthi 5. royag, yencet. 6. His ^,£] mid 3 7- Achi Civil I S. His P\ 9. His f to Beii' I r ^hap. I. Alcrai 2. //if 2a tahles^ The » ans , fi JheCo d-fcrihe \ ADi Chvin. 1. Line, 2. of the 3. 0/f/ CoHirfe along the Streights of Malacca. Pu- lo NlUtee, md other I^artds. The R, and Kingdom of Jihore. Piilo Ord, and Pulo Timaon *• Green Turtle there, Pulo Con- dore. Sholes of Pracel, River of Cambo- dia, Coaji. of Ch^mpz^ Pulo Canton, Co- chinchinefe, Pulo Champello, R. and City ^Quinam. 0)1 ofPorpujffes and Turtle. Shipz wrackt men detained nfually ui Cochinchina u n iy !l The Conneshn with the former VoU and Pegn. Aguala wood from the Bay of Si- am. Bay of Tonquin. L of Aynam, ana other Jjlands. Kokho one mouth of the chief R.ofXonqmXi. FiQiers /. i?mr (?/Domea, the other Mouth. Its Bar and Entrance* Mountain Elephatlt. PearUjIands. Pilots vf Batflia. They go up the River ofDomta, Domea and its Gardens^ and Dutch there. They leave their Ships at Anchor above ity " ivhere the Natives build a Town. They go tip to the chief City in the Country Boats. The River ^ and the Country about it. Leprous Beggars. Hean, a Tovpn of note 3 Chinefe there. The Governor^ Shipping and Tide, They drrive at CachtiO^the Metropolis ofTovi' quin. THe Reader will find upon perufing my Foyagi round the World, that I then omitted to fpeak |)articLilarIy of the excurfions I made to Toncjuin, Malacca^ Fort St. George, and Bencouli, from jichin in thelile oi Sumatra * together with the defcrip- tion 1 intended to give of thofe parts. I do but juft mention them there ; but fliall now proceed to a more diflind accountof them. And to keep to the order of time, the Reader may rccolied-j that my firft departure from Jchhi was to Tonqim, along with Captain Ifeldon^ about Jitly 16SS, as I have faid p. 5'05'th of my former Volume. I have there related in a page or two before, to how weak a condition my felf and my Companions were brought, through the fatigues of our palfage from Nicohar to Achin: yet did not my weaknefs take me off from contriving fortie employment or expedition, whereby I might hare a comfortable fubfidence. Captain Weldon touehed touc wit[ to I whiJ porti kind] incoi Ship, Halh alfo n condi promi woulc ' Voya^ bodia, which by ou might camet Hov bufinel the Str the T( Counti hereaft comma Bomha'/^ to Wat do that formed here, before, in comj calling I iecuting ^much. I and wei ' at Main ly of Si- m, <^«« 'he chief Domea, ntrance* Pilots Dbmea, :h there, thove it^ They go •11 Boats* Leprous Chinefe ftd Tide. }s ^/Ton- my Voyagi i to fpeak om jichin e defcrip- I do but w proceed ic Reader ire from tin iVeUorty th of my in a page n my felt irough the Achin: yet contriving ;by I might fcin Wcldon touched The A. fets out from Achin fir Tonquin. 3 touched here, to fell the Slaves he had brought ^«. 1688 with him from Fort St. George; it being in his way to the Streighrs of Malacca, and fo to Ton^mn, whither he was bound. This afforded me the op- portunity of trying that Voyage, to which he kindly invited me, and to which I was the more incouraged becaufe he had a good Surgeon in his Ship, whofe Advice I needed : and my friend Mr. Hall was particularly animated thereby; who had alfo refolv'd upon thisVoyage,and was in a weaker condition than my felf. Befides, Captain fVeUon promifed to buy a Sloop at Toncjuin, of which he would make me Commander, to go a trading Voyage from thence to Cochinchina^ Champa, Cam* hodia, or fome other of the adjacent Countries : which Trade has been fcarce yet been attempted by our Country- men, and there were hopes it might turn to a good account ^ but this projedt came to nothing. However, Captain TVeUon having fini/hed his bufinefs at Achin^ Ifet out thence with him through theStreights o^ Malacca, and we foon arrived at the Town of Malacca: of which Town and Country, I fhall have a better occafion to fpeak hereafter. Here we found the Cafar of Londony commanded by Captain Wright, who came from Bombay, and was bound to China. He ftopt here to water and refrefh, as is ufual for Ships to do do that pafs thefe Streights. By him we were in- formed that three other JSw^/iP; Ships had touched here, and were paft on to the Eaftward 10 days before. Thefe 7, Ships came from Fort St» George, in company with Captain Weldon: but hi bufinefs calling him to Achin, they in the mean time pro- ifecuting their Voyage, got the ftart of us thus I much. The Cjefar was foon ready to fail again, I and went away the next morning after our arrival at Malacca, t ? Our I'i 4 Pulo Nuttce. R. and JC. of Jihorc. 'Jn T688 Our Captain being a ftranger to the Bay ofTon- qnini; as were all his Ships company, he hired a Dutch Pilot at Malacca ; and having finiihed hjs buiincfs there, we fet fail^ two c'ays after theC^- far. We were defirous ro overtake thefe four Ships, and therefore croudcd all the fail we could make,' having a flrong wefterly wind, accompa- nied with many hard Gufts and 1 ornadoes : and the very nexc day we got fight of them ,• for they hdd not yet palfcd through a narrow paiiage,called the Streights of Siftcapore. We foon got up with rhelli, and paft through together ; and fail- ing about ; leagues further we anchored near an Ifland called Pulo Nutue^ belonging to the King- dom of ^/^cre. Here. Captain iVtldon took in wood and water, and forne of the Indian Inhabitants came aboard us in their Canoas, of whom we bought a few Co- coa-nuts, Phntains , and frefh Fifh. We (laid I'ere not above 24 hours ; for the other Shifs had filled mort of their water at other Iflands near this, before we came up with them : for tho Ships do ufually take in water at MalaccaTovjtiy yet they do as frequently dlfcharge it again at ibme of thcle IQands, and take in better. We failed the next day, and kept near the Ma- Ucca fiiore ; and there palling by the mouth of the River Jihore, We left many other Iflands on our Star- board f?de. The River of Jihore runs by the City of that name, which is the feat of the little Kingdom of Jihorf. This Kingdom lies on the Continent of Malacca, and conlifts of the extremity or doubling of that Promontory. It abounds with Pepper, and other good Commodities. They are a Mahometan people, very warlike, arid dclirous of trade. They delight much in .shippuig and going :o Sea, all the neighbouring Iflands iail Wai d^av For know and h who At amoni Pi^Io P often re. le hired a nhlied his r theC^- tiefe four we could accompa- oes : and : for they fagCjCalled 1 got up and fail- ed near an I the King- and water, e aboard us a few Co- We ftaid ;r Shifs had Hands near i: for tho /icc^. They are moft Fiiliermen that come hither, and their chief bufinefs is to riiake Oyl of PorpuiTcs : forthefe Fiih are found in great plenty here at fome feafons of the year, and then the Cochinchlnefe refort hither to take them. The people that we found on Pulo Condore, mentioned in the 14th Chapter of my Voyage round the World, page ;9f, were of thefe Co- chinchinefe. The Turtle alfo which they catch is chiefly in order to make Oyl of their fat : and there is great ftore of Turtle on all this Coaft. We coafted yet farther on this' ftiore, till we came to the Iflands of Cha?npellc. Thefe may leem to have fome affinity tc Champa, by the iouiid of the word, which one would take to b? a Pot- n having we par t- and two red away ' Pulo Con- f to avoid Saphire of lin Lacy y hIo Condore ;ontinent, CamhodU, oard fide, ping near point o£ le Bay of he North, 5, and the 14 leagues ►ng feir by (e n tr rth. It is vvhofe ^ on the Fifliermen efs is to are found, the year, to take ulo Condore, y Voyage thefe Co- zy catch is r fat : and Coaft- e, till we hefe may pa, by the take to b? a VoT-^ R. and C. ofQuinam^ and Cochinchincfe. 7 aVortnguefe diminutive oiCbnmp.i; yet they lye ontlic An. i6S^ Cocbinchina Coaft,and belong toit,tho uninhabited. They are 4 or fin number, and lye 4 or 5* leagues from the fhors-T hey are caWQdCbampello c.t hi Mar, 10 diftinguifli them from others lying farther down ia the Bay o^Tofiquin, called Champdlo dcTerra, Theib laftlyein about 16 d.45' m. North, but the Iflands oiCbampello de la Mar lye in about 15 d. 4^ m. N. Over againft thefe laft Iflands, on the Main, there is a large navigable River empties itfelf into the Sea. The City ofQuinam (lands on the banks of this River , and is laid to be the principal City of the Kingdom of Cocbhichina. As to its. diftancefrom the Sea, itsbignefs, ftrength, riqhes, &c. I ai.i yet in the dark ; only I have been in- formed, that if a Ship is caft away on this Kingdom, the Seamen that efcape drowning and get aifiore become Slaves to the King. Captain Jobi Tiler was thus Isrved, and defpaired of ever getting his freedom ; but after a confiderable ftay there he was taken notice of by the King ,• and upon pro- niife of returning thither again to trade there, he was fent away. I failed in a Veffel of his after this : but I never found him inclined to Trade thither any more. However, notv*f the difchai ner of 20 d. ^ '^ J^ut ha^ I ^DOt W '1 :hants of longthcfe intities of >d, which id is very hey alfp e in great Shipping It I have h ^y or ^ n getting ling about I fetching • which, : tell, but raft afliore en alfo a >ntinued I n prelerv- land main- henitobe was any liberty to 3 ray men t ufly chari- /ithout all s further, od of the has its en- 7ptf on the lOUt I 2 d. the S. W. mdof y^^- ifty conli- fe Inhabi- and-^rive li >':?f B. ^/Tonquin. R. Rokbo. 9 a great trade by Sea. I iiavc fccn many of tht'n /tn.t6S% Ships, fome of ico Tun, with Outlagerson both fides, and others like ordinary Jonks, without Out- lagers : but am wholly ignorant of their Trade, any farther than what I have mentioned of their having Pearl Oyfters there , in the 7th Chapter of rny ^oynge round the IVorld, page 1 -4. Near the Cod of the Bay of Toff^uin there are abundance of fmall IHands, of which I /hall fpcak more hereafter. The mouth of the Bay feems to be barr'd up with the great (hole of Pracel^ which lies ftretched at length before it, yet leaving two wide Channels, one at each end ,• fo that Ships may pafs in or out either way. And therefore even the Ships that are bound from the Straights of Malacca or Siam to Cbhui, may as well pafs to and fro within the iliole at without. The Bay of Tonqnin is about 30 leagues wide In the broadeft place. There is good founding and anchoring all over it: and in the middle, where it is deepeft, there is about 46 fathom water. There you have black Oaz, and dark Peppery Sand : but on the Weft fide there is reddilli Oazy Sand, Befide the other Illands befc "mentioned, there ate others of lefs note on th; Coch'mch'ma Coaft; but none ofchcm all above 4 or <; miles from the iLore. In the bottom of the B.iy alfo, there arc fome fmalllflanQS, clofc by x.\\Q-Tonc^uin Ihore: 2of thel'e are of efpecial note, not for their bignefs, buf for Sea-marks for the 2 principal Rivers, or mouth rather of tho chief 'River of Tovaun. One of thefe River, or Mouths, is calt'd Rokbo. ii difcharges it feif into the Sea near the N W. cor- ner of the Bay : and the mouth of ir i^ in about 20 d. -^m. N. This River or branch 1 was not at : but have been informed, th?u ic has no: above u ^oot water at the enrr:'.ivce\" but clrit ir* t^ortom fli • I io Fijhers I R. of Domea. 'w4«.i688isfoft Oaz, and therefore very convenient for fmall VefTels, and it is the vi^ay that all the Cbintfc and Siamers do ufc. About a League to the Weftward of this Rivers mouth, there is a fmall pretty high Ifland called Fijhers IJIanJ. It lyeth about 2 mile from the fhorc, and it hath good an- choring about it in 17 or 18 foot water : and therefore it is not only a Sea-mark for the River, but a fecure place to ride in, and very convenient for Ships to anchor at, to fheltcr themfelves when the); come hither, efpecially if they have not a preient opportunity to enter the River ,• either becaule of coming too late in the year, or being hindered by bad weather. The other River or Mouth, was that by which we entered ; and 'tis larger and deeper than the former* I know not its paicicular name,- but for diftin(5lion 1 jhall call it the River oiDomea ; be caufe the firflTown of note, thatlfaw on its bank, was fo called. The mouth of this River is in lat 20 d. 4^ m. It difepibogues 20 leagues to the N. E. of Rokho. There are many dangerous Sands and Shoals, between thefe 2 Rivers, which ftretch into the Sea 2 leagues or more : and all the Coaft, even from the Cochinchina fhore on the Weft, to Cbi?ta on the Eaft, admits of Shoals and Sands^ which yet in feme places lie Itretched farther off from the (hore than in others. This River of Domea is that by which moft European Ships enter, for the fake of its depth : yet here is a Bar of near 2 mile broad, and the Chan- nel is about half a mile broad,havir)g Sands on each fide. The depth of the River is various at different times and fealbnSjby the relation of thePilots \yho are beft acquainted here : for at fpnie times of tha year here is npt above 15* or 16 foot vj^ater on a Ipringtide, and at other times herear,^ 26Qr 27 foot. Thehigheft tides arefaid to be in the month of No- n. tJCyWf' inient for the Cbiuefc le to the is a fmall It lyeth igood an- accr : and the River, ;onvenient lives when lave not a er ,• either , or being t by which :r than the ic ; but for Cornea ; be- 3n its bank. River is in gues to the nous Sands lich ftretch the Coaft, eWeft, to and Sands^ farther off ^hich moft leptb-' yet the Chan- ids on each [at different 'ilots vvho imcs of thd /ater on a fgr 27 foot, )nth ofNo" '« •"« ThcChanntU M. Elephant. Bat (ha. n vemher, December, and Jafmary^ when the Nor- ^ii.i688 therly Monfoons blow j and the lowcli in Maj, June, and July, when the Southerly Monfoons blow : but to be particular in them is beyond my experience. The Channel of the Bar is hard Sand, which makcsitthe more dangerous: and thcTidcs whirl- ing among the Sands, fet divers ways in a 'J ides time •, which makes it the more dangerous ft ill. ThereforeShips that come hither, commonly wait for a Pilot to dired them^and if they arrive when it isNepe-tide, they muft flay for a Spring before a Pilot will come off to take charge of them. The mark of this River is a great high ridgy Mountain in the Country, caird the Elephant, This muft be brought to bear N.W. by N.: then fteering towards thefhorc, the water runs ftiallower, till you come into 6 fathom, and then you will be 2 or ; miles fiom the foot or entrance of the Bar, and about the fame diftance from a fmall Ifland called J^earl JJlartJ ; which will then bear neareft N. N. E. Having thefc marks and depth, you may anchor, and wait for a Pilot. The Pilots for this River are Fifliermen, vvho live at a Village call d Batpa, at the mouth of thcRiver^fo fcated,that they can fee all Ships that wait for a Pilots and hear the Guns too, that are often fired as fignals by EuropentiSy to give notice of their arrival. It was in the road before the Bar, in fight of the Elephant Land, that we found the Rainbow of London^ Captain Pool Commander, riding and waiting for a Pilot , when we and Captain Lacy arrived. Captain Pool came directly from E^igLmd^ and palling through the Streights oiSwidy^ touched at Batavla, He had lain here 2 or 5 days before we arrived: but the Sprir.S"tides coming on, the Pilots came ciboarc\ ?l l(* ■< i; i! «i '1 1 i'U IS T. ^/ Domea. T6e Dutch there; /^^. 168 8 aboard, and we all ; in company paflTed in over the Bar, and entring about half flood, we had 14 foot and a half water on the Bar. Being got over the Bar we found it deeper, and the bottom foft Oaz. The River at its mouth is above a mile wide, but grows narrower as you run farther up. We had a moderate Sea-breeze, and having a good tide of floqd, made the beft of it to. reach to our anchoring place. Having run about 5- or 6 leagues up the River, we paft by a Village called Domea, This is a hand- fome Village : and 'twas the firfi: of note that we faw Handing on tlic banks. Tis feated on the Starboard f'de going up^ and fo nigh the River, that the tide fometimes wafties the walls of the Houles : for the tide rifes and falls here 9 or 10 foot. This Village confifts of about 100 Houles. The P-'ftrh Ships that trade here do always lye in the River before this Town,* and the Dutch Sea^ men, by their annual returns hither from Bata^via^ are very intimate with the Natives, and as free here a^at "'"-r'^r own homes : for the Ti>ncjtimfe \i\ general are a very ibciable people, efpecially the traders and poorer fort ; but of this more in its proper place. The Dutch have inftru(5i:ed the Na- tives in the art of Gardening : by which means they have abundance of Herbage for Sallading^* which among other things 1: a great refrefliment to the Z)//f 6/6 Sea-men, when they arrive here. Tho the Dutch who come to trade in this King- dom, go no higher with their Ships than this Do-. mea, yet the Ew^////j ufually go aboui ; mile farther up, and there lye at anchor during their ftay in this Country. We did fo at this time, and pading. by Dcwca can-^e to an anchor at that diftance. The tide is net fo Itrong here as at Domea ; but we found not one houfe near it: yet our Ships had not kin there many days befoxe die N drives cams. .{root - ^ "^^ ^ • ■ all %■' dcre: Fed in over d, we had Being got the bottom bove a mile farther up. d having a it to. reach > the River, is is a hand- te that we ited on the the River, /alls of the ere 9 or 10 00 Houfes. ways lye in 1 Dutch Sea^ )m Batavia, and as free jeciaily the more in its ed the Na- lich meana Sallading - efrefhmeni; 5 here. this King- an this Do-, lile farther eir ftay in \nd parting. ance. The a ; but wc ips had not all They dftchor and dre vifitedfrom Cachao* 13 all the Country about, and fell a building them ^;y.t 688 Houfes after their faftiion^fo that in a months time ^ there was a little Town built near our anchoring place. This is no unufual thing in other parts of Wi^^efpecially where Ships lye long at a place,the poorer fort of Natives taking this opportunity to truck and barter ,• and by fome little offices, or begging, but efpecially by bringing Women to let to hire, they get what they can of the Seamen. This place where our Ships rode at anchor was not above 20 miles from the Sea: but the Trade of the Kingdom is driven at CachaOy the principal City ; where for that reafon the Englill} and Dutch Eafi India Companies have each of them their rac3:ors conftantly refiding. The City was far- ther up the River, about 80 miles from our An- choring place ,• and our Captains got themfelves in a readinefs to go up thither,- it being dual to fend up the goods in the Country Boats, which are large and commodious enough ,• and the hire is pretty rcafonable both for the VeiTels, and the Men v/ho manage them. They are Tonquinefey and ufe both Oars and Sails. Our Fad:ory at Cachao had news of our arrival before wc came to an anchor, and immediately the chief of the Factory, with fome of the King of Tonquins Officers, came down to us, by that time we had lain there about 4 or y days. The Tonquinefe Officers came to take an account of the Ships and lading, and our Captains received them with great civility, tiring of Guns, feafting for z or 5 days, and prcfents alfo at their return back ^o Cachao. Soon after their departure, the chief of the Fadory returned thither again, and with him went our three Captains,and fome others, among whom I got leave to go alfo. Captain Weldon had recommended me to the chief of the Fadiory,while he vvas aboard us : and my going up now to the City, p li' m \K 14 Pleafanf VrofpeS. Beggi 'Ah,i6U Ion . Heaiu • to have his afliftancc in the \a^ Champa, or Cambodia^ which contrived for me ; nor was it his fault that it came to nothing. We went from our Ships in the Country Boats we had hired, with the tide of flood, and an- chored in the ebb: for the tide runs ftrong for 30 or 40 miles, beyond the place where we left our Ships. Our men contented themfelves with look- ing after their goods fthe Tonquinefe being very light tinger'dj and left the management of the Boats entirely to the Boats crew. Their Boats have but one Maft; and when the wind is againft them they take it down, and ply their Oars. As we advanced thus up the RiVer, fometimes row- ing fometimes failing, we had a delightful profpecS: over a large level fruitful Country. It was gene- rally cither Pafture or Rice fields ,• and void of Trees, except only about the Villages, which flrood thick, and appeared mighty pleafant at a diftance. There are many of thefe Villages Itand dole to the banks of the Rivers, incom- palTed with Trees on the back fide only, bat open to the River. When we came near any of thefe Villages, we were commonly encountered with !!eggars, who came oiF to us, in little Boats made of twigs, and plaiftered over both infide and outfide with Clay, but very leaky. Thefe were a poor Leprous peo- ple, who for that reafon are compell'd by the reft to live by themfelves, and are permitted to beg publickly. As foon as they fpicd us they fet up a loud doleful cry , and as we paft by them we threw them out fome Rice, which they ceived with great appearance of joy. In about 4 days time we get to Hean, a Town on the Eaft fide of the River ; which is here en- tire : for a little before we came to Hean. we met the ers. Hean. ICC in the Ha^ which lor was it itry Boats J and an- Dng for ;o ve left our with look- )eing very snt of the heir Boats i is againft Oars. As times row- Fulprofpe<^ was gene- id void of es, which eafant at a 'e Villages rs, incom- but open illages, we gars who twigs^ and ith Clay, prous peo- |by the reft ted to beg y fet up a by them they a Town is here en- we met the Chinefe dpta French Factories at Hcan. 1 5 the main ftream where it parts into the 2 Channels, ^w.i688 that oiDomea^which we came up, and the other of Rokbo : making fo a large and triangular Ifland between them and the Sea ,• the mouths of thofe Channels being, as I have faid, 20 leagues afunder. Hean is about 60 miles from the place where we left our Ships, and about 80 from the Sea that way : but along the River or Channel Rokho, where the Land trends mure to the Southward, it feems to be farther diftant from the Sea. 'Tis a confiderable Town, of about 2000 Houfes : but the Inhabitants aremoft poor people and Souldi- ers, who keep a Garrifon there ; tho it has nei- ther Walls, Fort, nor great Guns. Here is one ftreet belonging to the Chlnefe Mer- chants. For fome years ago a great many lived at Cachao ; till they grew fo numerous, that the Natives themfelves were even fwallowcd up by them. The King taking notice of it, ordered them to remove from thence, allowing them to live any where but in the City. But the major part of themprefently forlook the Country ,as not finding it convenient for them to live any where but ^tCacbao ; becauiechat is the only place of Trade in the Country, and Trade is the Life of a Chlnefe. However fome of them were content to fettle atf/f«7w,where they have remained ever fince. And thefe Merchants^ notwithllanding the prohi- bition, go often to Cachao^ to buy and fell goods • but are not fufFer*d to make it their conftant refi- dence. There were two of thefe Ch'.m Me» chants who traded yearly to Ja^^fiy with raw and wroright Silks, bringing back Money, chiefly, Thefe a\\ of them wore long Hair braided behind, as their own Country fafhion was before the Tartarian Conqueft. The French too have their Factory here, not ; being allowed to fix at Cachao, and their Bifliops Pa- li ' ■i ! I t III M i5 Tke AuthoY^s nrriVAl dt Cachaoi , y<».i688 Palace is the faircft building in Uean : but of this I iliall have occafion to fpeak more hereafter. The iGovemor of the adjacent Province lives herpi He is one cf the principal Mandarins of the Nation, and he has always a great many Soul- diers in the Town^ and inferiour Officers, whom he employs at his pleafure on any occafion .^ Be- fides, here are alfo fome, of the Kings River Fri- gots, which I fliall hereafter d^fcribe, ready to be lent on any expedition : and tho no Europeans come up fo far as. this with their Ships, fthat I could learn) yet the Slamltes and Cbineje bring their Ships up the River Rokbo^ quite t^o Hean, and lie at anchor bsfore it : and we found thpre feve- ral Chinefe Jonks^ They ride afloat in the middle of the River ; for the water does not rife and fall much at this place : Neither is the flood difccrned by the turning of the ftream ; for that always runs down, tho not fp fwift near full Sea as at other times : for the tide preffing againft the ftream, tho faintly fo far up the River, has not power to turn it, but only ilackens its courfe, and makes the water rife a little. . , The Governor or his, Deputy gives his C% or Pafs to all Veflels that go up or dowa^; not fo much as a Bo^t being fufFered to proceed without it. For which reafon we alfo made a flop : yec we ftayed here but a little while; and therefor^ I did not now go aihore ; but had a while after this a better opportunity of feeing Hean, From Hean we went up to Cachao In our Boats, being *about 2 days more on our Voyage, for we had no tide to help us. We landed at the Englijh Fa(5lory, and I ftayed there 7 or 8 days, before I went down to our Ships again in one of the Coun- try Boats. We had good weather coming up : but-ir rain d all the time of this my firft ftay at Ca- •and we had much wet weather after this. Bui* cfjao Olfervdtions aboui the [iate of Tonqain 17 But having got thus far I fhall now proceecU/;.i688 to give Tome general account cf this Coua- ' try ,• from my own obfervations, and the ex- perience of Merchants and others worthy of Credit, who have had their Refidcnce there, an^ feme of them a great may years. ■ ^n w I t ■ I *w '— fc -^ e CHAP. t I I 1 ;. ill |i ,i!l I f. < ' ■ i i. ■;:: 'i ■i i I i r. 'I 1 8 T-^e Sitmtton of the Kingdom ofTc nquin. CHAP. 11. Tonquin, its Situation^ Soil, Waters^ unA Provinces, lis natural Produce^ Roots^ Herls, Fruits^ and Trees. The Gam-chain and Cam-quit Oranges. Their Limes , &c. Their Betle and Lichea Fruit. The Pone-/ree, Lack-^recj, Mulberry- free/, andRice, Their land Animals^ Fowl tame and wild 5 Nets for wild Duckf^ Locufis, fijl)^ Balachaun, Nuke mum-Pickle^Soy^and manner ofFi/hing, The Market^ Provifions^ Food and Cookery, Their Ch^M or Tea. The Temperature of their Air and Weather throughout the Tear. Of the great Heats near the Tropicks. Of the yearly £a??d Floods here^ and elfevohere in the tor* rid Zonc^ and of the overflowing of the Nile in Egypt. Of Storms called Tnffoons : and of the influence the Rains have on the Harvefl at Tonquin, ^ni elfewhere in the Torrid Xone. • TH E Kingdom of Tonquin is bounded to the North and North Eaft with China, to the Weft with the Kingdom of Laos , to the S. and E. with Ccchhichina and the Sea^ which wa/hes a part of this Kingdom. As to the particular bounds or extent of itj I cannot be a competent judge, coming to it by Sea, and going up diredly to Cachao : but it is reafonable to believe it to be a pretty large Kingdom, by the many great Pro- vinces which arefaid to be contained in it- That part of the Kingdom that borders on the Sea, is all very up nir qui any heif thei the Che Fart beer cnquin. Its tnaJ\e^ Soil^ and Waters* 19 iters^ dnd ots, Heris^ hain and tnes , &c. Pone-/ree, R/Ve, Their ild 5 Nets ^alachaun, ' ofFi/hwg^ d Cookfiry, Utre of their tr. Of the fthe yearly in the Tor" ''ng of the Tnffoom : ave on the 're in the ided to the na^ to the ) the S. and 1 wa/hes a liar bounds tent judge, direcSlIy to it to be a great PrO- lit. That \ Sea, is all very vcrylow Land ; neither is there any Hill to be fecn, ^«.i68? but the Elephant Mountain, and a Ridge o lefs heighth,continued from thence to the f muc mou of the River o^Domea. The Land for about 60 miles up in the Country is ftill very low, even and plain : nor is it much higher, for about 40 miles farther quite to Cachao, and beyond it ,• being without any fenfibleHill, tho generally of a tolerable good heighth, and with fome gentle rifings here and there, that make it a fine pleafant Champian ,• and the further fide of this alio is more level than the Champian Country it felf about Hean or Cachao, Farther ftill to the North, beyond all this, I havb been inform'd that there is a chain of high Moun- tains, running crofs the Country from Eall to Weft 5 but I could get no intimation of what is beyond them. The Soil of this Country is generally very rich ,• That very low Land I fpeak of towards the Sea^ is moft black Earth, and the mould pretty deep. In fome places there's veryftrongClay.TheChampiaa Land is generally yellowijh or greyifh earti , of a loofer and more friable fubftance then the former : yet in fome places it has a touch of theCiay too. In the plain Country, near the Mountains laft men- tioned, there are faid to be fome highfteep rocks of Marble fcattered up and down at unequal di- ftances , which ftanding in that large plain Savan- nah, appear likefo many great Towers or Caftles : and they are the more vifible, becaufe the Land about them is not burdened with Wood, as in feme places in its neighbourhood. I have fciid fomewhat already of the great River, and its 2 branches Rokbo andDomea^ wherewith this Country is chiefly water'd : tho it is not difti- tute of many other pleafant ftreams, that are loft in thefe, in their courfe towards the Sea: and probably there are many others, that run imme- C z diately 1 1 I i I, :|l I i! nr^l .o T/^'c Pi'ovhiccs cf Tonquin. .^w.i6S8diatcly into chc Sea, through their own channelsj •»^v^w thoiiot fo navigable as the other. The Country in general is very well watered ,• and by means of the great Navignble River and its Branches, it has the opporturiicy of Foreign Trade. This rifes about the Mountains in the North, or from beyond them ,• whence running Southerly toward the Sea, it palTes thro the before mention'd plain of Marble Rocks, nnd by that time it comes to Cachao^ which is about 40 Or <;o miles to the South of the Moun- tains, 'tis about as broad as the Thames at Lambeth : vet (b lliallow in the dry Seafon, as that it may be forded on Ilorfeback. At Hcan 20 miles lower, ^tis iMther broader than the Thama at Gravefend ; and fo below Ilcan to the place where it divides it felf. I'hc Kingdom of Tonqmn is faid to be divided into S largeProvinces,x'/;::<.theEtf// and^t'/?Provinces, the Ntrth and South Provinces, and the Province of CachaoiVi the middle between thofe 4: which 5* I take to be the principal Provinces, making the heart oF the Country. The other ;, which are TenciHy Tt7nhcii^ and Ngeam^ lie more upon the Bor- ders. The Province of Tcw^w is the moft Eafterly, ha- ving Ch'ma on the S. E., thelfland dynam^indi the Sea on theS. and S. VV., and the £^/ Province on the N. W. This is but a fmall Province :its chrefeft producfl is Rice. The Eafi Province ftretches away from Tenan to die North Province, having alfo Ch'ma on its Eaft fide, part of the ScuthViosincQ^ and the Province of Cachao on the Weft ,• and the Sea on the South. This is a very large Province ^ 'tis chiefly low Land, and much of it lllands,efpecialiy the S.E. part of it, bordering o'^ the Sea towards Tenan ^ and here the Sea makes ...xC Cod of a Bay. It has abundance of Filhirmen inhabiting near the Sea .* but its chief pro- pro mu( vine nor I Sea; fron vidii Thii duel paftt Sea, re, , on it itsSc abou Trac ral. Ti Eaft, chificL , This Rice kept ncles, Ti the K ;; of C/Z( ^i Provi Chan partly chief]' dance Thi I hath t I en the I Baot^iTj I ' i.i 1 channels, Country in eans of the , it has the s about the Dnd them ; ta, itpalTes rble Rocks, ich is about the Moun* at Lambeth : that it may miles lower, Grave fend ; it divides it be divided :'/?Provinces, Province of : which J I making the which are ion the Bor- afterly, ha- namand the Province on : its chiefeft Dm Tenan to on its Eaft le Province the South, y low Land, E. part of it, ,nd here the abundance but its chiet pro- The Prov'iftics of Tonquin. 2 1 produce is Rice: here is alio ^,00 d pnfUirr.pc, nnd/lw.:6^S much Cattle,d^r. Mean is tliC chief place of this Pro ^-v^**-^ vince, ard the Seat of the Mandarin its Govci' nor. The S, Province Is tlic triangular IHand^macIc by Sea : the River of Du7ma is on it's E. fide, dividing ic from the Eajt Pwvincc, and Rokho on the VVeO, di- viding it from 'hnan ^ having the Sea to its South, This Province is very low plain even Land, pro- ducing Rice in great abundance : here arc large paftures, and abundance of riihermcn near the - Sea, Tcnehoa to the Weft oiRokho,\\M theWeliProvInca on its North, Aynam on its Weft, and the Sea on its South : this Province is alfo I'^vv Land, chictjy abounds in Rice and Cattle, and hath a great Trade inFiJliing, as all the Sea Coaft has in gene- ral. The Province of Ngcam^ hath Tenehca on the Eaft, and on the South and Weft ic borders on Co- chincJj'ma, and has the Weft Province on its North. . This is a pretty large Province, abcunuing vvirh Rice and Cattle : and here are always Soidieis kept to guard the Frontiers from the Ccc!ji?:cbi' nclcs. The U^e[l Provinces hath Ngeam on the South ^ the Kingdom of Laos on the Weft, tlic Proviiicc c^ Cac/jao on the Eaft, and on the North the N; on the Weft, and C'jh/.^, I on the Eaft and North, the Kingdom oi: I^ao o: -5j;)/,iw on rhe North Weft, and on tl^^e South ic. !• r i' ,'it, 'i (1 13 12 Herbage^ Wild Pttrjlaw^ &c. iiii ^«. 1 688 dci s on % of the principal Provinces oiTonpin^ 'vlz. the IVeJi Province, ihdtoi C^'jao, and tiic Eafi Pro- vince. This JNTcrz/j Province, of this Province produce Lack and Silk, d^c. The Province of Cachao, in the heart of the Kingdom , lies between the Ea(^, ^^^fl, North, and«Sci////jProvinccs:'tisa Champion plealant Coun- try : thcSoil is yellower grey earth ; and 'tis pretty woody, with ibme Savannahs. It abounds with the two principal Commodities of their Trade, ^aiz. Lack andSilk,and has fomeRiceiNor are any of the Provinces deftitute of thrfe Commodities^ tho in different proportions, each according to the re- ipedive Soil. This Country has of its own growth all necefTa- ries for the Life cf Man. They have little occa- fion for eatable Roots,having fuch plenty of Rice; yet they have Yams and Potatoes for variety ^ which would thrive here as well as any where, were the Natives indulhious to propagate them. The Land is every where cloath'd with herbage of one kind or other, but the dry Land has the fame Fate that moft dry Lunds have between the Tropicks , to be over-run with Purflain ,• which growing wild, and being pernicious to other ten- der Herbs and Plants, they are at the pains to weed it out of their Fields and G«;cicns, tho tis very Iweet, and makes a good Sallud tor a hot Coun- try- , _ , Tlierc i3 a lort Oi Herb very common in this: Councry, vvliichgrov.'swildin ftagnam Ponds, and floats on the fijifacc of tlic wn^r. It has a narrow, Icr;;^, green tliick leaf. Jr v: iTiuch efteemed and ofi^iim, 'VIZ, ic Eafi Pro- e , fo it has al of plain tains which this Coun- ains. The ;k and Silk, ^art of the Pefi, North, ilantCoun- d 'tis pretty ids with the Iradc, 'aiz. I any of the tieSj the in I to the re- all necefTa- little occa- uy of Rice,- Dv variety ^ any where, ate them, ith herbage id has the etween the in ,• which other ten- lins to weed 10 tis very hot Coun- non in this Ponds, and as a narrow, h efteemed ■ and FrHJts. Cam-chain ^//^Cam-quit Or^/;^r/, See. 23 and eaten by the Natives vyho commend ic for h^w.k^mS^ very whole(om herb, and lay that tib good to cx-^^^^V^sJ pel poyfon. This Country produces many other forts or wild herbs ; and their gardens alio are well furnilh'd with pleafant and whoHbme ones, cfpecially many Onions, of which hero are grcae plenty. Plantains and Bonanoesgrow and tlirive here as well as any where, but they are ulcd, here only as Fruit, and not for Bread, as in many places o^ Ame- rica. Befides thefe h^ere are divars forts of excellent fruits, both Ground fruit and Tree fruit. Tluc ground Fruits are Pumpkins, Melons, Pine-apples^ &c. the Tree Fruits are Mangoes a few, Oranges, Limes, Coco-nuts , Guava's, Mulberry's , their much efteem'd Betle, a Fri'ic call'd Lkbea^ &c. The Oranges are of divers forts, and two of them more excellent than the re(h One fort is called Carn-chainy the Other is called CanKjult. Cam^ in the Tnnqulmfe Language fignifies an Orange, but what the diftinguifliing words Cam and Llnit fignilie I know not. The C^W'c/j/j/w is a largeOrange, of a ycllovviih i colour : the rind is pretty thick and rough ,• and the infide is yellow like Amber, Ic lias a mo(Hra- ' grant flneli, and the taOe is very delicious. This ■ fort of Orange Is the bed that 1 did ever cade; 1 believe there are not better in the world : A man may eat freely of them ,• for they are fo innocent, that they are not denied to fuch as have Fevers, * and other fick people. The Cam quit is a very fmall round Fruit, not above half fo big as the former, it is of a deep. red dolour, and the rind is very fmoorh and thin. The infide alfpis very red • the talte is roc infer i-. I our to the Cam»cham^ but ic is accounted very un- I wholelom fruit, efpecially to fuch as aic iubjed: to fluxes ^ for it both creates and heightens th ;)r C 4 dhi w.i,: •Ii»' I i "\ \F ' r If III 'i' f 'V. ■ ;•( fi 6« 34 Limes, Bctic, Lichca, Ponc-/rrf, Lacklree.' /^«.i6S8dilicnipcr. Thefe 2 forts are very plentiful and cheap, and they arc in feafon from Ottober till Ve- huijry^ but then the Cam- dam becomes redder, and the rind is alio thinner. The other forts of Oranges are not much cfteemed. The Limes of Tonquin arc the largeft I ever faw. They arc commonly as big as an ordinary Limon, but rounder. The rind is of a pale yellow colour when ripe ; very thin and fmooth. They are extraordinary juicy, but not near fo Iharp, or tart in taflc as the IVtfi Indian Limes. Coco nuts and Guava's do thrive here very well ; but there arc not many of the latter. The Bcile of l^iftin b faid to be thebcfl in hidia^ there is great plenty of it ^ and tis mod cdcemed when it is young, green, and tender,* for 'tis then very juicy„ A.t Mindanao alfo they like it beft green : but in other places of the Eafi-InMes it is commonly chevv'd when it is hard and dry. The lichea is another delicate fruit. 'Tis as big as a fmall Pear, fomewhat long Ihaped^of a reddiJh colour, the rind pretty tliiv^k and rougli, the infide v/hite, inclofing a large black kernel, in (hapelikc a Bean The Country is In fomc part woody ; but the low Land in general is either graify pafture, or Rice Fields, only thick fet with fmall Groves, which (land Icattering verypleafantly, all over the low-Country. The Trees in the Groves are of divers forts, and mofl unknown to us. There is good Timber, for building cither Ships or Houfes^ and indifferent good iVIalts may here be had. There is a Tree called by the Natives Pone, chiefly uCsd for making Cabinets, or other wares to be ladcered. This is a fofc fort of wood, not much unlike Fir, but not fb ferviceable. Another Tree grows in this Country that yields the Lack , with which Cabinets and other tine things are.o.verlaid. ^ Thefe J. Thcic the C iii grt when The 1 (o the and tl year, over, and n* Jslativi Fruit, fomc and th Ilcr low I vers, increa One c; and th' •f'ater i riot, bi their C bundle (crvcs I yery ki pi it. Of I Elepha Deer, Cats, tfoads, jous, tl for llu .the Kin |both ta |ind He anie 1' entiful and ioher till Fe- xdder, and ; of Oranges geft I ever in ordinary pale yellow )th. ' They b Iharp, or : very well : cfl in hait^ '■ eflcemed or 'tis then beft green : commonly Tis as big f areddim the in/lde fhape like ' ; but the >afture^ or 11 Groves, 1 over the es are of ere is good jufes, and Mnlberry-trccs^ Rice. The A;ih;fals, 25 Thclcgrovv plentifully in fomc places cfpccially in Art.' 6'i^i the Champion Lands.! fere arc alio Mulberry I'rccs' ' ' ill great plenty, to feed the Silk worms, fioni whence conies the chief Trade in the Country. The Leaves of the old Trees arc not ib nourilhing to tiie Silk worms, as thofc of the young Trees, and therefore they raifc crops of young ones every year, to feed the Worms; for when the feaibn is over, the young Trees are pluckt up by the roots, and more planted againd ttie next year ,• fo the Jslativcs fufrer none of thcfc Trees to grow to bear i'ruit. 1 heard of no Mulberries kept for eating,'but fomc fewraifed by our EfjglijJ) Mcichimts at Iknrf^ find thcfe bear but fmall hungry Lruit. Mere is good plenty of Rice, efpccially in tlic low Land, that is fatned by the overllowing Ri- vers. They havetv/o crops every year, with izreac increafe, if they have fealonable Rair.s and Moods, One crop is in M^jy, and the other in Ngvctz'jcv : ind tho the low Land is fometimes oversown with 'Water in the time of Harvefl, yet they matter it not, but gather the crop and fetch it home wet in rfjeir Canoas ,• and making the Rice fafi in fmall bundles, hang it up in their Lloufcs to dry. This (crvcs them, for Bread-corn ; and as the Country is ^ry kindly for it , fo their inhabitants live chielly ©f it. Of Land Animals \\\ this Countiy there arc Elephants, Llorfcs, Buifalocs, Bullocks , Goats, peer, a few Sheep for their King, Moss. Loi ^ats, Lizards, Snakes , Scor Ig, liOgi pipns, Ccj^tapccs, pu- oads. Frogs, &c. The Country is fo very po^ ous, that they have but few Deer or wild Gamfj. or Hunting, unlefs it be in the remoter parrs of ;he Kingdom. But they have abundance of low's )oth tame and wild. The tame Fowls are Cocks nd Mens, and Ducks alfo in great plenty, of tliC [anie fort with ours. The Inhabitants have litrlc II \\l I ■! r *4 Fowl. Nets fir Wild^Ducks. Locufls. Jn.i6SS Houfes made purpofely for the Ducks to lay their Eggs in, driving them in every night in laying time, and letting them out again in, the morning. There are alfo fome Geefe , Parrots, Partridges, Para- kites, Turtle Doves, &c. with many forts of fmal- ler Birds. Of v^^^ild Water- fowls they have Ducks, Widge'^ns, Teals, Herons, Pelicans, and Crab- catchers, (which I fhall defcribe in the Bay of Campeachy) and other fmaller Water-fowls. The Duck, Widgeon, and Teal are innumerable: they breed here in the months oiMay^ J^^^^, and Jul)\ then they fly only in couples : but from OBoher to March you will fee over all the low watry Lands great companies together : and I have no where feen fuch large flights, nor fuch plenty of Game. They are very fliy fince the E;?^////; and Dutch fettled here ^ for now the Natives as well as they ihoot them : but before their arrival the TonGjumefe took fhem only with Nets : neither is this cuitom lefc off yet. The Net that is us'd for this Game is niadefquare, and cith'^.r bigger or lefs according as they have occafion. They fix two Poles about lo or II foot high, upright in the ground, Jiear the Pond, where the Ducks haunt,- and the Nee has a head-cord, which is flretched our ftreighr, iiiads from the top of one Pole to the other ,• from whence iliC lower part of the Net hangs down loofe toward, the ground ,• and when in the even- iing they fly towards thePond, many of them (irike againil: the Ner, and are there entangled. Tiicre is a kind of Locull in Tonqnin, in great abundance* This Creature is about the bignei^ of the top of a mans Finger, and a? long as the firll ioynt. It breeds in the earth j cfpecially in the banks ofRivers and Ditches in the low Country In the months of Jamtary and Tdruary^ which i: thcfealuji of taking them, being then only, feen, this creature fi.rft comes out of the Earth in huge fwariiif' fwarm i fmn comir want time. Iponly dr bee ^led 01 Jslative fake u elf th^ frefli, keep. cfteeiT food. The forts o which the To; wards plentil ^ the lerr'd 4ivc;s pome to lay and Si Crav/ fort o fhape are ot the r ihoals with . Boats i take { whic' i dieni !•' t'-M Locu(ls. ks to lay their n laying time, )rning. There tridges, Para- forts of fmal- r have Ducks, ;, and Crab- n the Bay of r-fowls. The ncrable: they ime, and July^ 'om October to watry Lands ive no where nty of Game. d Dutch fettled as they ihoot "onquinefe took s cu(tom lefc this Game is efs according 3 Poles about ground, iicar and the Nee out ftreighr, c other ; from hangs down lin the even- ofthem ftrike led. r///w, in great t the bigneP )ng as the ftrll ;cially in the ow Country 'ary. which i: n only feen, ^arth in huf^e fwaniif' t Catching of Locufls^ Frog^ andFifl^. 37 (warms. It is then of a whitilh colour, and having An.16%^ i fnipll wings, like the wings of a Bee, at its firft comingout of the Earth it takes its flight ; but for want of ftrength or ufe falls down again in a ^orc time. Such as (hive to fly over the River, do com. flionly fall down into the water, and are drowned, ir become a prey to theFifh oftheRiver,or are car- ded out into the Sea to be devoured there: but the Natives in thefe months watch the Rivers, and take up thence multitudes, skimming them from eff the Water with little Nets. They eat them frefh, broiled on the Coals ,• or pickle them to keep. They are plump and fat, and are much cfteemedboth by rich and poor,as good wholefome food, either frelhor pickled. The Rivers and Ponds are ftored with divers forts of excellent Fifh, beiides abundance of Frogs, which they Angle for, being highly edeemed by ihe Toncjtiiuefe, The Sea too contributes much to- wards the fupport of the poor People, by yielding plentiful (lores of Filh, that fvvarm on this Coalt \n their feafons, and which are commonly pre- lerr'd before the River Fifli. Of thcfe here are fivers forts, befides Sea Turtle, which frequently ^ome afhore on the Sandy Bays, in their fccrfons, to lay their Eggs, Here are aUb both Land crab;^ and Sea-crabs good (lore, and other Miell-fiih^ ^12.. Cravz-fifh, Shrimps, and Prawns. Here is one ■fort of fmall Filh much like an Anchcv)'^ both in fhape and llzc, which is very ^joU pickled. Tlicre are other forts rf fmall i'ilh, which I know not; the names of. One fort of tlicm comes in great ilioals near the Ihorc, and tiiefc the Fillierinen with their Nets cake fo plcntiuilly as to load tlieir Boats with theiiL Among thefe they generally ':ake a great many Slirimps in their nctd .■ which tlKY carry alliorc mixc togcth.cr as thcv take rhepj, and m.ike BalacJuvr v;ith dicm. I pit i I i.1 ! li L at Balachaun, Nuke-raum, Soy. An.i6S8 Balachmn is a compolicion of a ftrong favor ^ yet a very dclightfom difh to the Natives of this Country. To make it, they throw the Mixture of Shrimps and fmall Fifh into a fort of weak pickle made with Salt and Water, and put into a tight earthen VelTel or Jar. The Pickle being thus weak, it keeps not the Fifh firm and hard, neither is it probably fo defigncd, for the Fifli are never gutted. Therefore in a ihort time they turn all to a ma[h in the VelTel ■ and when they have lain thus a'good while, fo that the Filh is reduced to a pap, they then draw off thei liquor into fredi Jars, and preferve it for ufc. The maiht FiHi that remains behind xscdWcdi Balachaurt, and the liquor pour'd oiT is caird Nt{ke'Mu7n. The poor people eat the Balachaun with their Rice. 'Tis rank fccnted,yet the tafte is not altogether unpleafant • but rather favory, after one is a litde ufed to it. T'lie jSuke-Mum is of a pale brown colour, inclining to grey • and pretty clear. It is alfo very favory, and uied as a ;-;ooc fiuce for Fowls, not only by the Natives, but alfo by many fdiro^eans.,^ whoefleem it equal with Sc)\ I have been told that Scy is made partly with a Filliy compolition, and itfcciiis molt likely by the talte : tho aGcnticman of my ac- quaii.tarice, who was very intimate with one that failed often from T'i:iquin to Jap-^j from whence tlic true Scy comes , told me, that it was made only with V/lieat, and a fort of Beans mixt with Water and Sfiir. Thch- way oF Filning differs little from ours : in the Rivers, they tukc fomc of their Fifli witii .Hook a!Kl Line, others with Nets of levcral forts At the mouths of the Rivers, they fet nets againll: the Stream or Tide, Thefe have two long wings cpc nng on each lide the mouth of the Net, to ^uldc tiie Fifn into it ; where patling through a narrow r.cck^ they are caught in a bag at the far- i^icreiid, ' ' '" ■ " Whcra V71 wing r?s at ply tl •they pn I ^^Ironi iftriki^ ■are fc iNet, jRivei ilieet. each ' Rope J bag b is a fu .:Ver ; „thewj made, the B ,whicl- and t( Ket Stone sanyF at the and r of Fi 'iNets, liver. In have troab! - dy ai they t Wo a I Soy, firong favor ^ ^Jatives of this le Mixture of f weak pickle into a tight : being thus hard, neither ifli are never they turn all icy have lain reduced to a 10 r into fredi alht Fifh that id the liquor J poor people I. 'Tis rank ■ unpleafant • le ufed to it. Dur, inclining very favory, not only by J whoeileem that Soy is and itfccnis an of my ac- ich one that om whence was made 5 mixt with from ours : ir Fifii with ieveral forts nets againlt long wiiigs th.e J\et, t(» through a •^ at the far- Wlicic Tide Tonquinefe manner of Fifjing. 29 Where the Rivers mouth is fo wide, that the ^«. 1688 wings of the Net will not reach from fide to fide, r?s at B^tjJja particularly it will not, there they fup- ply that defert, with long flender Canes, which •they Hick upright near one another in a row ; for pn both fides of the River, when the tide runs '^Irong (which is the time that the Fifli are mov- Jing) the limber Canes make fuch a ratling, by .ftriking againft each other, that thereby the Fim 'are feared from thence towards the Mouth of th« jNet, in the middle of the Stream. Farther up the JiRiver, tlney have Nets made Iquare like a great ilieer. This fort hath two long Poles laid acrofs each other. At this crofling of the Poles a long ■Rope is faftncd^ and the Net hangs down in a bag by its corners from them. To manage it there is a fubftantial poft, fet upright and firm in iths Ri- .ver,- and thetopof it may be 8 or 10 foot above ,the water. On thetopof this poft there is a Mortice '^niade, to receive a long pole, that lies athwart like the Beam of a Ballance: to the heavier end of which they tie the Rope, which holds the Net ,• and to the other end another Rope to pull up thi Ket on occafion. The FiOiermen fink it with Stones to the Rivers bottom, and when they fee iany FifL come over it, onefuddenly pulls the Rope }at the oppofite end of the j beam, and heaves Net fand Fifh out of the Water. They take a great deal of Filh this way: and[fometimcs they ufe Drag- N^ets, which go quite acrofs, and fweep the Ri- ver. In the flagnant Ponds, fuch as the Mandarmi have commonly about their Houfes^they go in and trouble the water with theii: feet, till t\s all mud- i dy and thick: and as the Fifn rife to thfi furface, they take what they pleafe with fmall Nets.faftned '' to a hoop, at the end of a pole. For p 'f t: S- jl ir 1'! ! :i f go Tfjeir Markets^ Vrovijions^ and Cookery^ !^?t.i6SS For all thsfe forts of provifion there are Markets duly kept all over Ton^uin^ one in a week, in a neighbourhood of 4 or j Villages; and held at each of them fuccefltvely in its order : fo that the fame Village has not the Market return'd to it till 4 or ^ weeks after. Thefe Markets are abundantly more ftor'd with Rice fjas being their chief fubfiilence, efpecially of the poorer fort) than either with Flelh or Fifli, yet wants there not for Pork, and young Pigs good ftore, Ducks and Hens, plenty of Eggs, Filh great and fmall, frefh and faked Balachaun and Nuhe-Mtm y with all (orts of Roots, Herbs, and Fruits, even in thefe Country Markets. But at Cachao, where there are markets kept every day, they have befides thefe. Beef of Bullocks, Buffa- loes Flefli, Goats Flelli, Horfe Flelh, Cats and Dogs, ^as I have been told) and Locults. They drefs their food very cleanly, and make It favory : for which they have feveral ways un- known in Ewope, but they have many forts of difhes, that wou'd turn the Stomach of a ftranger. which yet they thenifelves like very well ; as par- ticularly, a dilh ot raw Pork, which is very cheap and common. This is only Pork cut and minced very fmall, fat and lean together ^ which being afterwards made up in balls, on rolls like Saufagcs, and preft very hard together, is then neatly wrapt up in clean leaves, and without more ado, ferved up to the Table. Raw Beef is another dilh, much elteemed at Cachao. When they kill a Bullock they iinge the hair off with Fire, as we finge Bacon Hogs in Englai7iL Then they open it ^ and while the Flelh is yet hot, they cut good Collops from of the lean parts, and put them into very tart Vine- gar,- where it remains 5 or 4 hours or longer, till it is fufficiently ioaked, and then, without more trouble, they take it out, and eat it with grca: delight. As for Horfeflefh., I know not v/hether they ilorfc tliey k ther likely r workin the Ca floor ai flaughti fat woi tiomes t iiuch $nd the lor a Vi\t\\ A Elepha; iafily tc •f tame given t( fledi; 10 the-^ Jofely f cfteeme been cr< tnuch a( OQt of choice < of the < feveral Trade. next to fpitted < ind roai Village, ^itha J ihey ca teddiPn I '.i Thel Jnough, :is ver> I Cookery^ are Markets I week, in a 1 held at each hat the fame ) it till 4 or ^ ndantly more ;f fubfiftencc, ler with Flelli :, and young enty of Eggs, Balachaun and 5, Herbs, and kets. But at )t every day, locks, Buffa- li. Cats and ulb. , and make it ral ways un- ^any forts of of a ftrangen well j as par- is very cheap and minced which being ke Saufages, neatly wrapt ado^ ferved dilh, much Bullock they finge Bacon and while iops from of ry tart Vine- longer, till ithout more with grca: not v/hether thcv r yjorfe andElephantj^' FleJIj^ Dogs and Cafs^ &c« jl they kill any purpofely for the Shambles ,- or whe-/^w.i688 ther they only do it when they arc not ^^v*^-' likely to live ; as I have feen them do their working Bullocks at Gplicla in Old Sfa'm ; where the Cattel falling down with labour, and being fo poor and tired, that they cannot rife, they are flaughtered,and fent to market, and I think I never ^t worfe Beef than at the Groin, The Horfelieih )6omes toMarket at Cachao very frequently, and is as Biuch efteemed as Beef. Elephants they cat alfo ; $nd theTrunk of this Beaft is an acceptable p^efent lor a Nobleman, and that too tho the beaft dyes ^ith Age or Sicknefs. For here are but few wild Elephants, and thofe fo fliy, chat they are not tafily taken. But the King having a great number ef tame Elephants, when o le of thefe dyes, 'tis iiven to the poor, who pre ntly fetch away the kni^ but tbi Trunk is cut in pieces, and prefented tp the Mandarins, Dogs and Cats are killed pur- gofely for the Shambles, and their Flefh is much dfteemed, by people of the beft faihion, as I have Been credibly informed.Great yellowFrogs alfo are touch admired : efpecially when they come frellx but of the Pond. They have many other fuch choice dirties : and in all the Villages, at any time of the day, and be it market day or not, there are feveral to be fcid by poor people, wlio make it their Trade. The mofi: common forts of Cookeries, next to boil'd Rice, is to drcfs little bits of Pork, fpitted 5: or 6 of them at once, on a fmali skiver, tod roafted. In the Markets alfo, and daily in every Village, there are Women (itcing in t'le Streets, ^itha Pipkin over a fmail Fire, full of Chdu, as ihey call it, a fort of very ordinary Tea, of a teddifii brown colour, and 'tis their ordinary drink. The Kingdom of Tonqu'm is in general healthy •noughj efpecially in the dry feafon, when alfo it is very dclightfom. For th? fcaions of the year ? at 1^'' In '' . ' ' 5 i Ke Author*s arrival at Cachao'. >^. 1^)88 at Tcfjjiiiftj and all the Counnles between the Trc- fich^ are diftinguiftied into Wet and Dry, as pro- perly as others are into Winter and Summer* But ns the alteration from Winter to Summer, and ^ice "vcrfa is not made '^ '' a fudden , but with the interchangeable Weather of Spring and Autumn ,• fo alfo toward the end of the dry feafon, there are fome gentle fhowers now and then, that precede the violent wet months; and again toward the end of thefe^everal tair days that introduce the dry time. Thefe feafon s are generally much alike at the fame time of the year in all places of the Torrid Zone,on the fame fide of the Equator \ but for 2 or ? degrees on each fide of it, the weather is more mixt and ijncertain,(tho inclining to the wet extreme) and is often contrary to that which is then fettled on the fame fide cf the Ecjuator more toward the Tropick. So that even when the wet Seafon is fct in, in the Northern parts of the Torrid Zone, it may yet be dry weather for 2 or ;. degrees North of the Line : and the fame may be faid of the con- trary Latitudes and Seafons. This I fpeak with refped to the drinels or moifture of Countries in the Torrid Zone : but it may alfo hold good of dieir Heac or Cold, generally : for as to all thefe qualities there is a further difference arifes from the make or fituation of the Land , or other acci' dental caufes, befides what depends on the re* fpedive latitude or regard to the Sun. Thus the Bay o^ Campcachy iiulie IVeft Inches^ and that oi Ben- g^lin the Eaf^^ in much the fame latitude, are ex- ceeding hot and moilt* and whether their fitua- tion, being very low Countries, and the fcarcity andfaintnefs of the Sea-breezes, as in moil Bays, may not contribute hereunto, I leave others to ' judge. Yet even as to the Latitudes of thefe placcv lying near the Tropicks, they are generally upon thac account alone more inclined to great Heatb, f '.1 1'l ichiao'. ween the Tn- Dry, as pro- Summer'* But Summer, and but with the ind Autumn ; fon, there arc that precede 7ard the end oi the dry time, kc at the fame orridZone^on 2 or ; degrees lore mixt and extreme) and is then fettled re toward the ec Seafon is fct brrid Zone, it degrees North lidi of thecon- his I fpeak e of Countries hold good of as to all thefe rifes from the )r other acci- Is on the re n. i Greater heat ficar the Trop. than the Line. 93 than places near the Equator. This is what l/w,\6^^ have expcricnc'd in many places in fuch Latitudes ;; both in the £^?/? and IVefi Indies^ that t!ie hotteft ' parts of the World arc thcfe near the Tropicks, ^efpecially ; or 4 Degrees wichin them ; fenllbly 'hotter than under the T : irr«"^ Many reafons may be aflign'd for this, befide the acc'dcnta! ones from the make of the particular Countries, I Tropical WindSj or thclik •. ior the longed day 'at the Equator never exceeds 12 hours^ and the night is always of the fame length : Buc near the 'Tropicks the longeft day is about i:, hours and aa ■ half; and an hour and an half being aifo ^^kea -from the night, what with the length of the day, land the Hicrtnefsof the night, there is adilFerence iof three houl:s ,• which Is very coufiderable Bc- Ides which^ at fuch places as are about % degrees vithin the Tropicks, or in the Lac. of zc Deg. N., ;he Sun comes within 2 or 5 degrees of ihe Zc- ith in the beginning of Maj ^ and having paft the Zenith, goes not above 2 or ; degrees beyond ;, before it returns and palleth the Zenich once ore ,• and by this hjeahs is at leart ; months ithin 4 degrees of the Zenith: fo chat they have pie Sun in a manner over their heads from t .'^ be- ;inning oi Mny^ till the latter end of July. VA^here- s when the Sun comes under the Line, in March vr Seftcmher , it immediately polls away to the .. Thus the |s[orth or the South, and is not 20 days in palling d that of 5f7^ from 5 degrees on one /ide, to 3 degrees on the itude, are ex- ftlier fide the Line. So that by his fmall ftay er their fitua- there, the heat cannot be anfwerable to what it is the fcarcity |iear the Tropick, where he fo long continues in a in moil Bays, ^|iianner Vertical at Noon, and is lo much longet ave others tc Ibove the Horizon each paaticular day, with th(2 >f thefe placcv Intervening of a fhorter night, eneraiiy upon .1 But to return to Tonqmn. During the wet. great Heats, ifnonths^there 'tis exceffive hct, elpvCially when- D ever L: \M 9 1 The canfe of the overflow of^We. 'M.16SS ever the Sun breaks out of the Clouds, and there is then but little Wind ftuTing : And I have been told by a Gentleman who liv'd there many years, that he thought it was the hotted place that ever he was in^ tho he had been In many other parts oihulia. And as to the Rains, it has not the ieaft iliare of them^ tho neither altogether the greateft of what I have met with in the Torrid Zone ; and even in the (lime Latitude, and on the (lime fide of the Equator. The wet feafon begins here the lat- ter end o^Jprily or the beginning of May • and holds till the latter end of Au2,ufi : in which time are very violent Rains, fome of many hours, others of 2 or ; days continuaucei Yet are not thefe Rains without fome conllderable intervals of fair weather, efpecially toward the beginning or end of the feafon. By thele Rains are caus'd thofe Land-floods, which never fail in thefe Countries between the I Tropicks at their annual periods ,• all the Rivers then overflowing their Banks. This is a thing fo well known to all who are any way acquainted with the Torrid Zone, that the caufe of the over- flowing of the Nile, to find out which the Ancients fct their wits fo much upon the rack, and fancied melting of Snows, and blowing of Etefia, and I know not what, is now no longer a fecret. For thefe floods muft needs difcharge themfelves upon fuch low Lands as lie in their way ; as the Land of Egjpi: does with refpe6i: to the JSile, cominga great way from v/ithin the Torrid Zone, and falling down from the higher Ethiopia, And any one who will Le at the pains to compare the time of the | Land Hood in Egj^t^ with that of the Torrid Zone I in iiiiy of tic parts of it along which the Nile runs, | v/lii rind thai" of Egjpt fo much later than the other, as 'twill be though t reafcnable to allow for the | daily progrefs of the Waters along fo vaft a traet \ , and there I have been many years, ice that ever other parts not the lead : the greateft 1 Zone ; and 5 fame fide of here the lat- l May ; and n which time hours, others ire not thefe tervals of fair iningor end Land-floods, between the all the Rivers is a thing fo ly acquainted * e of the over- the Ancients and fancied Etefay and I fecret. For mfelves upon s the Land of ominga great and falling i any one who time of the Torrid Zone the Nile runs, :han the other, vUow for the b vaft a trat^ \ rtooch iti the Torrid 7.0 ft c. 55 of Ground. They might have made the fame^«.r68g wonderri:ent of any other Rivers which run any ^•^v^-' long courlc from out the Torrid Zone : but they knowing only the Morth Temperate Zone, and the Nik being the only great River known to come I thither a grcyc way from a Country near the Line, they made that only the fabjedt ol' their enquiry : but the lame effect: mtifi: alfo follow from" any great River that fhould run from out of the Torrid Zone into the South Tempcraic Zone. And as to the Torrid Zone, the yearly floods, and their caufe, are every where as wel' \t-.own by people there, as the Rivers chei.. Lives. In Atmrlct par- ticularly, in Camfeachy Rivers, in Rio Gra::,Js^ and other-', 'tis a valt havock ismndc by th ju. {Ioo-^s ; bringing down fometimes Tiees of an '.ncrcJiLle bjgnefs J- and thefe floods always come arrh- Haced ifeafon of the year. In the dry part of Zu.?, along jthe coafls of ZVc///<:/(: Sea, where it never rains, as it feldom does in %;/'', they have rxt only Tlcods, lut Rivers themielvcs, made by the annua! falling if Rain on the Mountains within Land ; the .hannels of which are dry all the reflof che year. 'hisl haveobferv'd concerning the River Tlo^ on :he Coaft o^Ptm, m my former Volume, p. y^, ^lut it has this difference from the FIool.^ oF^y^-.tr, :hat befides its being a River in the Torrid Zone, c^'tis alfo in South Latitude,* and fo oversows at a Icontrary (ealbn of the year ; to wic, at fiich time |as the Sun being in Southern Signs, caufes the |Rains and Floods on that fide the Line. I But to return from this digreffion, in Jugiffi the i weather at Tonqmji is more moderate, as to heat or |wet, yet not without fome Ihowers, and Septewkr l^ndOaol^er are more temperate ftill : yet the worft jweather in all the year for Seamen, is in one of the ; months laft mentioned : for then the violent jStorms , called Tuffoons , ( Tyfho7ies ) are ex- D z pecked, • i^:;: 'i til '>rl 16 TuflFoons ^r Ty phones, Storms* *^;;.i<<88pcded. Thcfc winds arc fo very tierce, that for fcnrcfthcni the r/'/W/c that Trade thither, will iKC llir out ofJiai hour, till the end oiOtlober : after which month there is no more danger ofany violent Storms, till the next year. Tnjfmis are a particular kind of violent Storms, blowing on the Coalt oiTon^uin^ and the neighbor, ing Coalts in the months of jfw//, Attgufi^ and ^yt^p. t ember. They commonly happen near the full or change of the Moon, and are ufually preceded by very fair weather, fmall winds and a clear Sky, Thofc fmall winds veer from the common Trade of that time of the year, which is here at S. W, and ihuxi^es about to the N. and N.E. Before the Storm comes there appears a boding Cloud in the N. E. which is very black near the Horizon , but towards the upper edge, it looks of a dark copper colour, and higher [iill it is brighter, and after- wards ic fades to a whitiOi glaring colour, at the very edge of the Cloud. This Cloud appears very iimazing and ghaftly, and is fometimes feen 12 hours before the Storm comes. When that Cloud begins to move apace, you may exped; the Wind pi ci'ently. it comes on tierce, and blows very vio iGiir at N. ii. 12 hours more orlefs. It is alfo com- monly accompanied with terrible claps of Thunder, large and frequent tiafhes of Lightning, and excef- five hard rain. When the Wind begins to abate it dyes away fuddeniy, and falling flat calm, it conti- nues fo an hour,more or Icfs : then the wind comei about to the S. W. and it blows and rains as fierce from thence, as it did before atN. E.and as long. Ni^vcmber and December are 2 very dry, wholefoir warm and pleafant months. January^ February , and Aifarcb are pretty dry : but then you have chid fogs in the morning, and fometimes drilling cold rains : the Air alfo in thefe ; months, particularly m January and February is very iharp, efpecially when nv , whilf A fimii nunr not p t: niary ,, on t.' I a f im 'I times cice, that for thither, will ■ Othbey : after langer of any olcnt Storms, the neighbor. Hgufi, and Sef- ear the full o: illy preceded id a clear Sky. )mmon Trade here at S. W, i. Before the y Cloud in the Horizon , but a dark copper ter, and after- colour, at the d appears very imes feen 12 en that Cloud pe<5t the Wind (lows very vio It is alfo com- DS of Thunder, ig, and excef- egins to abate :calm,itconti- le wind comei rains as fierce Land as long, ry, wholefoir. February, and ou have thick drilling cold is, particularly irp, efpecially when Tk Harvcfl at Tonquin. 57 when the wind is at North Ealt , or Noith^;;.i<8' North Eaft, whether bcculc of the Quarter it --"•wv- blows from, or the Lund it blows over 1 know not: for I have ellewhcrc obfcrv'd fuch Winds to be Colder, where they have conic from over Land. ^Z'?-// is counted a moderate inonclij either ib to heat or cold, diiricfs or moillurc. This is ordinarily the Ihite of thcirycar ; yctarc not thcfe various Sealons lb cxaet in the returns,^ } but that there may fonictinics be the dificrencc oi a month, or more. Neither yet arc the Icveral Scafons, when they do come , altogether alike in all years. For fometimes the Rains are more violent and lading, at other times more mode- rate,* and Ibme years they are not fuilicient to pro- , duce realbnable Crops, or elie they come fo unlca- •j fbnably as to injure and deltroy thcRice,or at Icaifc I to advance it but little. For the Husbandry of this J Country, and other Countries iii theToirid /^or.c ;. depends on thcAnnualFloods,tomoy(kn andfattcji |the Lund, and if the vi/et fcafon proves more dry Ithan ordinary, fo as that the RiceLandis not well ■dranched with the overllovvings of the Riveis, the; Crops will be but mean: andRice being thci. l^.rcad, the half of Life with them , if thic failcs, llich a populous Country asthis cannot fubliil, without be- ing beholding to its Neighbours. But wh.cn it -comes to chat pafs, that they muii- bo lupplycd by Sea^ many of the poorer fort Icil their Cliildien to J relieve their wjnts, and fo prclerve their Lives, , whilft others that have not Children tolcll, may be x familhed and dye mifcrable in the Streets. This manner of Parents dealing with their Children is not peculiar tu this Kingdom alone, but is cudo- I niary in other places of the Eadhdki^ etpeciaiy ._,^ on the Coafls oi Mahibar :{\\(^C'>row:indA. Tl;ere I a famine happens more frequently, and i-ages fomc- I times to a degree beyond bf:lief ; fbr ihcie Conn- D rri' 't i : ; ill 1 1 ' h t fei '^i ^3 A Famine at Malabur and CovomonAti. /». r<^S8 tries aic generally very dry, and lefs productive of Jr//« IS very populous, being thick fet with M Villages; and the Natives in general are of a niiudle (iature, and clean limb'd. They are of a Tawny IrJir^n colour : but I think thef.ircft and cleareii: that 1 ever (aw of that Complexion: for . you may perceive a blujh or change of colour in fomc of their facets, on any fuddeu furprize of padion ; which I could never difcern in any other Indians, Then' faces arc generally flattillij aad 01 an oval form. Their noies and lips are proportio- nable enough, and altogether graceful. Their hair is black, lon^ and lank, and very thick* and they wear ir- hauling down to the:r Ihoulders, 'Ifheir in. Form, DiJ^ rgf, Village f, ardens. Of ns to fecHre tions a/awjl Kings Pa* i&ories. An to break the r ^* tves a:td Iraves oftht entertainim vr Keligjon, r, and Pray* King. Their acturcs^ Com* ick fet with eral are of a hey are of a he f .ireft and iplexion: ^or of colour in : furprize ol:' in any other ttiili, aad oi: re proportio- :eful. Their ■y thick* and 10 aiders. Their BlacJ^ing of Teeth, a great Beauty. "41 Their teeth are as black as they can make them ;y^;;.i688 Tor this being accounted a great ornament^ they ^-' dye them of that colour, and are ; or4 days doing 'it. They do this when they are aboai 12 or 14 ■years old, both Boys and Girls: and during all the jtime of the operation they dare not take any nou- fri/iiment, befides Water, Chau, or fonie liquid thing, and not much of that neither, for fear, I judge, of being poyion'd by the Dye, or Pig' ^ment. So that while this is doing they undergo Wery fevere Penance : but as both SexeSs, fo all • Qualities, the poor as well as the rich, muft be in this falliion : they lay they fhould eUe be like Brutes ,• and that 'twould be a great fhanie to them to be like Elephants or Bogs ; which they com- pare thofe to that have white teeth. They are generally dextrous, nimble, and adive^ land ingeniousin any Mechanick fcience thev pro- Jlels. This may be leen by the multitude of fine iSilks that are made here^ and the curious Lacker- livork , that is yearly tranfported f\*om thence, frhey are alfo laborious and diligent in their Cal- lings: but the Country being lb very populous, ^inany of them are extreme poor for want of em- ployment : and tho the Country is full of Silk, Jand other materials to work on, yet little is done, |Lut when flrangc Ships arrive. For 'tis the Money "and Goods that are brought hitiier, efpecially by the Englijh and Dutch, that puts life into them ; for the Handicrafts men have not Money to fet thcmfelves to work ; and the Foreign Merchants are therefore forc'd to truft them with advance- money, to the value of at lead a third, or half their goods ,• and this for 2 or ;. months or more, before they have made their goods, and brought them in. So that they having no Goods ready by them, till they have Money from the Merchant grangers, the Ships that trads hither mull: ofnc- ccQitv i 'i 42 Gaming, Cloathing of the Tonquinefe. 1^.1688 ceflity flay here all the cime that their Goods are making, which arc commonly ^ or 6 months. The Tonqmnefc make very good Servants ; I think the beft in India. For as they are generally apprehenfive and docil, fo are they faithful when hired, diligent and obedient. Yet they are low fpirited : probably by rcafon of their living under an Arbitrary Government. They are patient in labour, but in ficknefs they are mightily dejected. They have one great fault extreme common among them, which is gaming. To this they are fo uni^ verCiUy addicted, Servants and all, that neither the awe of their Mailers nor any thing elfe is fuf- ftcient to reflrain them, till they have loft all they have, even their very Cloaths. This is a reigning Vice amongft the Eaftern Nations, efpecially the Chinefe, as I laid in the i^th Chapter of my former Volume. And I may add, that thQ Chincfe I found fettled at Tonqnin, were no lefs given to it than thofe I met with elfewhcre. For after they have lofl: their Money, Goods, and Cloaths^ they will flake down their Wives and Children : and hilly, as the deareft thing they have, will play upon tick, and mortgage their Hair upon honour : And whatever it cofi: 'em, they will be fure to redeem it. For a free Chinefe, as thefe are, who have fled from the TartArj, would be as much alham'd of fhort Hair, as a Tonquinefe of white Teeth. The Cloaths of the Tonquinefe are made either of Silk or Cotton. The poor people and Soldiers do chiefly wear Cotton cloath died to a dark tawny colour. The rich men and Mandarins commonly we:.]r Englilh Broad-cloath : the chief colours- are red or green. When they appear before the King, chcy wear long Gowns which reach down to their heels : neither may any man appear .in iiis pro fence but in fuch a r:;b. The great rnen have alfo long Caps made ot tae lame that their Gowns are are m; poor < men, menrs brim'd leaves, lot ph iave I riats ; iyed, t J-fats ai them b are ver Commc l)uc nei The Houfes Mud, Ire tha Count Cham! ©n the 0r Sticl there ii dows l^hich for tha iiiilied ;|ng to frhe < ^enche !e, ai :|cen{e-j '^ ' Itar. ., lie of: Jtook n( fThis 01 py drels t-*'! linefe. Goods are lonths. :rvants ; I re generally ithful when icy are low living under ; pacient in ily dejcded. inion among yr are fo uni- that neither ig elfe is fuf- loft all they is a reigning jfpecially the >f my former himje I found »n to it than zr they have is^ they will i and hilly, [I play upon onour : And to redeem it. o have fled h alham'd of eeth. ade either of d Soldiers do dark tawny 7is commonly 'colours- are 3re the King, own to their r.in iiis pre- It men have their Gowns ■ are Their Hoitfes and Furniture, 45 are made cf : but the middle fort of men and the An.\G%^ poor commonly go bare-head. d. \ctthc Fiflier- men, and fuch Labourers as a;c by their employ- ments more expofed to the weather, have broad brini'd H its, made of Reeds, Straw, or Palmeto- Jcaves. Thefe Hats are as ftiff as boards, and fit jiot plyant to their heads : for which reaibn they kve Bandlbings or Necklaces faftencd to their ilats ,• which coming under their chins are there iyed, to keep their Hats fad to their heads. Thefe J-Iats are very ordinary things ,• they feldom wear them but in rain y weather: Their other Cloaths are very few and mean : a ragged pair of Britches commonly fufficeth them. Some have bad Jackets, tuc neither Shirt, Stockings, nor Shooes. Th^Tonqulnefe buildings are but mean. Their Houfes are Imall and low : the Walls are either Jl4ud, or Watle bedawbed over: and the Roofs |re thatched, and that very ill, efpecially in the jtountry. The Houfes are too low to admit of Chambers ,• yet they have here 2 or ; partitions in the ground floor, made with a watling of Canes ir Sticks, for their feveral ufes; In each of which there is a Window to let in the light. The Win- dows are only fmall fquare holcf) in the Walls, #hich they Ihut up at night with a Board, fitted |br that purpofe. The Rooms arc but meanly fur- liiilied ; with a poor Bed or two (or more, accord- ing to the bignefs of the family) in the inner Room. |fhe outer Rooms are farniili'd with Stools , flenches, or Chairs to lit on. There is alio a Ta- lkie, and on one fide a little Altar, with two lu- kcnfe-pors on it: nor is any Houfe without its uMtar. One of thelc Incenfc-pots has a fmall b'jp.- ■dle of Ruihes in it j the ends oc which f. always ^took notice had been burnt, ai:d the tire put our. : i his outer Room is tlic place where they commoi;- i^'i drels their food : yet in fair weather chcy do i: li ,l, 44 Villages^Groves^Bdnhj^and Ditches. ^Ani6?,^ as frequently in the open air, at their doors, or in thei" yards ; as being thereby the lefs incommoded by heat or fmoak. They dwell not in lone houfes, but together in Villages : 'tis rare to lee a fingle houfe by itfelf Tlic Country Villages commonly conlift of 20, :;o, or 40 houfes, and are thick feated over all the Country ; yet hardly to be {con till you come to their very doors , by reafon of the Trees and Grovesthcy are furrounded with. And 'tis as rare to fee a Grove without a Village^ in the low Coun- try near the ^ea, as to fee a Vl-ia^'c without a Grove : but the 1 "gh Lands are full of Woods, and the Viihiges there itand ail as in one great Foreft. The Villages r'?nd Land about them do mod" belong to great men, and the Inhabitants are Tenant: that manure and cultivate the ground. The Villages in thelowLand are alfo furround- ed with great banks and deep ditches. Thefein- ccmpals the whole Grove, in wliich each Village ilands. The banks are to keep the water from over- rtowing their gntlens, and from coming into their houfes in the wet time, when all the Land aboiir them is under water,2 or ; foot deep. The ditches or trendies are to prcferve the water in the dr\ time, with which they water their gardens when need requires. Every man lets water at pleafure. by little drains that run inward from the Town- ditch, imo Ir.s own girdcn ; and ufually each mans yard or garden is parted fiom his neighbours by one of thcfe li:t!c drai'^s en each fide, Th: houlcs lie fcatceringup and down in the Grove ; no v.hcrc ioynir'g to one ^nether, but each aparr, ■.\\M!i tcj'CjJ in v^ith a ilnall hedge. Every houl: hatii a fhiall gate or ffile to enter into the garden tirli", xoY the lioufe ihindsin the middle of it : ai: . - If- f \. i-iw' ^ CT 1 rdgi run$ '^Mo, from ih^^bjcliilde of theliji to Ditches. r doors, or in 5 incommoded ut together in loufe by itfelf con lift of 20, id ov;:r all the 1 you come to lie Trees and !\nd 'tis as rare thclowCoun- i^~c without a Df Woods, and : great Foreft. lo moft belong are Tenant: id. alfo furronnd- 3S. Thefe in- li each Village er from over- ling into their 2 Land aboii" . The ditches :er in the dr\ gardens when sr at pleafure, m the Town- uilially each liis neighbours :h fide. The n the Grove ; nit each apart,^ £very houfo ito the garden Jlc of it : an^l e of theliDuf- Dirty Gardens. Cachao. 45 . to the Town-Ditch^ with its drain and hedge onAn.i6SH - each fide. In the gardens every man has his own ' Fruit-trees, as Oranges, Limes, Betle, his Pumpkins, , Melons, Pine- apples, and a great many Herbs. kin the dry feafon thefe Grovy dwellings are very pleafdnt ,• but in tLe wet feafon they are altoge- ther uncomfortable : for tho fenced in thus with banks, yet are they like fo many Duck houfes, all I wet and dirty : neither can they pafs from one I Village to another, but mid-leg or to their knees Jin water, unlefs fbmetimes in Boars, which they qkeep for thispurpole : buc notwitbftanding thefe, |they are ieldom out of mire and wet, even in the jmidft of the Village or Garden, io long as that |leafon lafts. The Lihabitants of the higher part of the Kingdom are not troubled with fuch incon- veniencies, but live more clcajily and comfortably, forafmuch as their Land is never overflown with ater : and tho they live alfo in V^illages or Towns s the former, yet they have no occafion to fur- ound them with banks or trenches, but lie open o the Foreft. The Capital City Cachao, which flands in the ^igh Country, about oo miles'from the Season the pVefl fide of the River, and on a pretty level, yet ^'ifing ground, lies open in the fame manner, with- ut wall, bank, or ditch. There may be in Cachao bout 2ootio Houfes. • The Houfes are generally low, the walls of the Lloufes are of mud, and the covering thatch, yetfomeare built with brick, and the covering with pantile. Moft of thefe Houfes have a yard or backfide belonging to them. In each yard you fhall fee a fmall arched building made fomewhat like an Oven, about 6 foot high, with the mouth on the ground. It is built from top to bottom with brick.all over daub'd thick with mud and dirt. If any houfe wants a yard, they have n^verthelefs fuch a kind of Oven as this, but fmaller. i I * ,*i . 4.6 P recant 20 ns agawji Fire* '/».r688finaller, fetupin die middle of the Houfe it felf; and there is fcarce a houfe in the City with. out one. The ufe of it is to thr uft their chiefcil goods into, when a Fire happens : for thefe low thatch'd Iloufes are very fubjed to take fire, efpe. cially in the c'ry times, to the deftrudion of many Houfes in an inflanc, that otten they have fcarce' timetofecure their goods in the arched Ovens, the fo near them. As every private perfon hath this contrivance, to fecure his own goods, when a Fire happens, fo the Government hath carefully ordered neceflar) means to be ufed for the preventing of Fire, 0: extinguifliing it before it gets too great a head For in the beginning of the dry feafon, every man muftkeep a great Jar of water on the top of hii Houfe, to be ready to pour down, as occafion fhall ferve. Befides this, he is to keep a long pole, with a basket or bowl at the end of it, to throw water out of the Kennels upon the houfes. But if the Fire gets to fuch a head, that both thefe ex- pedients fail, then they cut the ftraps that hold the Thatch of the Houfes, and let it drop from the rafters to the ground. This is done with little trouble ,• for the Thatch is not laid on as ours, nei* ther is it tyed on by fingle leaves, as in the PPef Indies^ and many parts of the Eafi Indies, where they Thatch with Valmetoov Palm tree leaves : but thi: | is made up in Panes of 7 or 8 foot fquare, before i: [ is laid on ; fo that 4 or 6 Panes more or lefs, accor- ding to the bignefs of the Houfe, will cover one fide of it; and thefe Panes being only faltned in: few places to the rafters with Rattans, they are ea- fily cut, and down drops half the covering at once Thefe panes are ^Ifo better than loofe thatch, as being more managable, in cafe any of them fliould fall on or near near the Oven where tlie Goods are ; for they are eafily dragg'd off to another place re. Houfe it (elf; \e City with- l: their chiefcil for thefe low :ake fire, efpe. flion of many y have fcarce' led Ovens, the s contrivance, re happens, fo ;red neceffary ig of Fire, o: ^reat a head :>n, every man . the top of hii 4 s occasion fhall^ a long polej )f it, to throw 5 houfes. But, both thefe ex-j s that hold the Irop from the ne with little n as ours, nei> IS in the PPS ?j, where theyl IV es : but this uare, before it or lefs, accor- ill cover one|^ y fallned in a| s, they are ea- ering at once, ofe thatch, asl )f themfliouldj re tlie Goodi^ IF to another; place. Streets of Cachao, /r;;r/ Palaces. 47 tolace. The Neighbouring Houfes may this way ^;,.i68g be foon uncovered, before the flame comes to them ; s-^v*.-/ and the Thatch either carried away, or at lead laid where it may burn by itfelf. And for this ^urpofc every man is ordered to keep p long pole )r Bambo at his door, vvjrh a Cuvfing-iiook at the Jnd of it, purpofely for uncovering the houfes : Ind if any man is found wichout his Jar upon the loufe, and his Bucket- DOic and long Hook at his loor, he will be punifh 'd fevcrely for his neglect, liey are rigorous inexadir.g this : for even with All this caution they arem\iCii and often damaged )y Fire. The principal ftreets in this City are very wide, thofome are but narrow. They are moft of them )av'd, or pitched rather, with fmal! Stones,- but Fter a very ill manner. In the wee feaion they |re very dirty ; and in the dry time thcic are ma- ly ftagnant ponds, and fomc diLches full of black linking mud, in and about the Cicy. This makes unpleafant, and a man would think unwhole- >metoo : yet it is healthy enough, as far as Iper- jiv'd, or could ever learn. The Kings of Tonqu'm, who make this City ^eir conftant Reildence, have two or three Pa- ices in it, fuch as they be. Two of them are ^ery mean ,• they are built with timber, yet have Ihey many great Guns planted in Houfes near [hem, Stables for the Kings Elephants and Horfes, ind pretty large fquarc ipots of ground for the Soldiers to draw thcmfelves up regularly before lim. The third Palace is call'd the Palace Royal it is more magnificently built than theothertwo: 'et built alfo with timber, but all open, as the [Divans in Turky are faid to be. The wall that in- |compalleth it is mod remarkable. It is faid to be :; leagues in circumference. The heighth of this |Wall is about i; or 16 foot, and almoft as many broad i * .Hi 48 Palace Royal. Englifti Fa&oryl ^Jft.i68S broad or thick. It is faced upon both fides witli Vp^ v-w Brick ; there are feveral fmall Gates to go in and out at, but the main Gate faceth to the City. This they fay is never opened, but when the Bom or Emperor goes in or comes out. There are two fmaller Gates adjoyning to it, one on each fide, which are opened on all occafions, for any con- cern'd there to pafs in and out ,• but ftrangers are not permitted this liberty. Yet they may afcend to the top of the Wall, and walk round it j there being ftairs at the Gate to go up by : and in fome places the Walls are fallen down. Within this Wall there are large Fifh-ponds, where alfo there are Pleafure-Boats for the Empe- rors diverfion. I Hiall defer fpeaking of him, whofe Prifon this is rather than Court, till the next Chapter, where I fhall difcourle of the Go- vernment. The houfe of the EtigUjl) Fa6lory, who are very few, is pleafantly feated on the North end of the Cicy, fronting to the River. 'Tis a pretty hand- fome low built Houfe ; the beft that I faw in the City. There is a handfome Dining-room in the middle, and at each end convenient apartment) for the Merchants, Factors, and Servants belong- ing to the Company to live in, with other conve- niences. This Houfe ftands parallel with the Ri- ver ,• and at each end of it, there are fmaller Houfes for other ufes, as Kitchin, Store-Houfes, &c. run- ing in a line from the great Houfe towards the River, making two Wings, and a fquare Court open to the River. In this fquare fpace, near the banks of the River, there ftands a Flag-ftaff, . purpofely for the hoyfing up the Engliili Colours, on aU occafions : for it is the cuftom of ourCoun- 4 trymen aboard, to let fly their Colours onSundaj^i and all other remarkable days. nypa lifcd Thi i Uryl )th fides witli to go in and the City. This 1 the Boua or here are two on each fide, for any con- t ftrangers are ;y may afcend jnd it ; there : and in fome ;e Fifh-pondSj For the Empe- king of him, 2ourt, till the rie of the Go- who are very rth end of the pretty hand- at I faw in the room in the It apartment! vants belong- other convX' with the Ri- inaller Houfes ufes, &c. run- ! towards the fquare Court e fpace, near 5 a Flag-ftafF, liili Colours, I of ourCoun- urs onSufiflaj'i Th^ A Mole to keep off Lnnd- floods. 49 The Dutch Factory joyns to the /i;?^/;/?; Fadory ^^77.1688 on the South fide : 1 was never in it, and therefore U-^Y^vJ can fay nothing of it, but what I have heard, that their ground is not lb large as ours, tho they are the longeft (landers here by many years: for the Inglijli 2iXQ but newly removed hither from Hcan^ ^here they refidcd altogether before. There is nothing more in or about the Ciry ^orth noting, but only a piece cf work on the tame fide, up the River. This is a maify frame of Imber, ingenioufly put together, and very arti- ficially placed on great piles, that are let upright In the River, juft" by its banks. The piles are dri- ven firmly into the ground , clofe one by another • ^nd all the fpace between them and the bank is filled up with ftones, and on them great Trees ' lid acrof5,and pinn'd fid at each end to the piles : that the whole fabrick muft be moved before |ny part of it will yield. This piece of work is lifcd about 16 or 17 foot above the water in the fry time : but in the wet (bafon the floods come 'ithin 2 or ; foot of the top. It was made to {fill the violence of the water in the rainy fea- m : for the ftream then prelTeth fo hard againli; lis place, that before this pile was built, if b^oke iwn the bank, and threatned to carry all before t, even to the ruining of the City, if this courfe lad not timely been taken to prevent it. And fa luch the rather, becaufe there is a large pond juft 'ithin Land, and low ground between ic aiid the ^ity : fo that had it made but a fmall breach into [he pond, it would have come even to the skirts if the City. And tho the City ftands fo high as. fhat the Land floods never reach ic, yet the Land t)n which it flands being a fort of yieidir^g Sand, iould not be thought capable of always refilling [uch violence. For the natural floods do very often >ake great changes in the River, breaking down so Thiiving. Wives and Common Women* <^w. 1 688 one point of Land, and making another point in *-" ^'^^^ the oppofitc fide r^f the River ; and that chiefly in tiiis part of the Country, where it is bounded with liigh banks : for nearer the Sea, where it prefently overflows, the floods do feldom make any confide- able chan^o md move more quietly. But to rCi in to the people. They are cour- teous and civil to Ihangers, efpecially the trading i)eople : but tlie great men are proud, haughty and ambitious ; and the Souldiers very infolent. The poorer Tort are very Thievifli • inlomuch that the Fac'^lors and Strangers that traffick hither arc forced to keep good watch in the night to fecure rhcir ^oods, notwnthdanding thefevere punilhments th 'y have againit Thieves. They have indeed great opportunities of Thieving, the Houfes being fo {lightly built : but they will work a way under ground , rather than fail - andufe many fub- t!c fhacagems. I am a ftranger to any ce- lemciiics ufcd by them in Marriage , or at tlic birth of a Child, or the like, if they ufe any : Polygamy is allowed of in this Country, and rliey buy their Wives of the Parents. The King and and great Men keep feveral, as their inclinations lead them, and their ability ferves. The ] oor are Hinted for want of means more rhan dcfire : for tho many are not able to buy, much Icfs to maintain one Wife; yet mofl: of them make a Ihift lo ger one, for here are fome very iovv^ piizcd ones, that arc glad to take up with poor vlubbands. But then in hard times, the man muit fell both VVifi and Children, to buy Rice to main- tain himfeif. Yet this is not fo common here as in Ibme places ; as I before obferved of the Alak- bar and Coromaiidd Coafts, This cuftom among them of buying Wives, ealily degenerates into that other of hiring MiiTcs, and gives great liberty to ?Ik; young Wonisn, who offer themielves of their own own c price. Dolla carell who < Irom i ave r food, great the M Kkclyt lieithe men, their A when any gr Word: them, But to Id hire what 1 . M)on p diem V rfterw laid, f tfiey ar ds remc feturns iDf thei; ladies. Money great femaje )rove t raw Sil they w fcarce ; ^vhen S Women, her point in lat chiefly in Dunded with s it prefently any confide- ley arc cour- f the trading )ud, haughty ery infolent, ilomuch that ick hither are ight to fecure 5 punilhments ; indeed great fes being fo a way under 5 many fub- to any ce arriage , or , if they ufe :his Country, Barents. The eral, as their ability ferves. means more able to buy, mofl: of them re fome very up with poor the man mud Rice to main- mmon here as of the Mak- iftom among rates into that ;at liberty to lelves of theii own Women let $ut to hire to Strangers. 5 e own arcord to any Grangers, who will go to their An.i6SS price. There are of them of all prizes, from 100 ^-^v^*^ Dollars to s Dollars, and therefufe of all will be Careffed by the poor Seamen. Such as the Lafcars^ mho axQ Moors o^ India ^ coming hither, in Veflels irom Fort St, George^ and other places ; who yet ave nothing to give them, but luch fragments of food, as their Commons will afford. Even the great men oiTonquln will offer their Daughters to the Merchants and Oflficers, tho their (lay is not Bkcly to be above s" or 6 Months in the Country : neither are they afFraid to be with Child by IVhite men, for the Children will be much fairer than their Mothers, and confequently of greater repute IR^hen they grow up, if they be Girls. Nor is it any great charge to breed them here : and at the Word: if their Mothers are not able to maintain" diem, 'tis but felling them when they are young. But to return, the Women who thus let themfelves IP hire, if they have been fo frugal as to lave %hat they have got by thefe loofe amours, they . fcon procure Husbands, that will love and efleem them well enough : and themfelves alfo will prove rfterwards obedient and faithful Wives. For 'tis laid, fhat even while they are with flrang:2rs, tfiey are very faithful to them ; efpecially to llich is remain long in the Country, or make annual leturns hither, as the Dutch generally do. Many |f thefe have gotten good Eltates by their Tonquln ladies,- and that chiefly by trufting them with Money and Goods. For in this poor Country 'tis •| great advantage to watch the Market ; and thefe femaje Merchants having flocks will mightily im- |)rove them, taking their opportunities of buying |-aw Silk in the dead time cf the year. With this |hey will employ the poor people, when work is fCarce • and get it cheaper and better done, thaa |vhen Ships are here ; for then every man being em^ E ^ ployed i i i''.H I > J i> v^' 5 2 Fnncidl Pile and fcajl, ^«.r 6 83 ployed and in ahuny ofbufinefs, he will have his price accoi ding to the halte of work. And by this means J.cy will get th.cir Goods ready againft the Ships arrive, and before the ordinary working fea- fon, to the proHt both of the Merchant and the When a man dyes he isintcrr'd in his own Land, for heie are no common Burying-places : and witi^.in a month afterwards the friends of the de- ceafcd, cfpecially if he was the mafter of the fami- ly^ mufi make a great feafl of Fiefli and Fruic at the Grave. 'Tis a thing belonging to the Prieds ofiice to affift at this folemnity ; they are always there, and take care to fee that the friends of the dccealed have it duly performed. To make this Fealt they are obliged to fell a piece of Land, tho they have ?vIoney enough otherways : which Money they beflow in fuch things as are necelfary for the folemnity, which is more o^ lefs, according to the quality of the deceafed. If he was a great man, there is a Tower of Wood eredled over the Grave ; ic may be ? or 8 foot fquare, and built 2c or 2^ Fooc high. About 20 yards from the Tower, are little Sheds built with Stalls, to lay the Provi- fions On, both of Meat and Fruits of all forts, and that in great plenty. Thither the Country people refort to fill their Bellies, for the Feali feems to be free for all comers, at leaft of the Neighbourhood How it is dreft or difhibuted about X know notj but there the People wait till 'tis ready. Then the Prieit gets within the Tower, and climbs up to fo the top, and looking out from thence, makei an oration to the People below. Alter this the Prieit defcends, and then they fettire to tiie foun- dation of the Tower, burn it down to the Ground and when this is done they fall to their Meat. I faw' one of thefe GraveTcaiis, which .1 Ihall havJ elfewhcrc occafjon to mention. chesr , good i eiteem i/ill have his And by this againft the working fea- lant and the . is own Land, places : and ds of the de- r of the faini- and Fruic at ing to the :y • they are 3t the friends d. To make iece of Land, ways : which ; are neceflary pfs, according e was a great (fted over the and built 2c tn the Tower, ay the Provi- all forts, and 3untry people dl leems to be iighbourhood, : I know notj '. Then the climbs up to hence, makes Vicer this ths re to the fouti" ) the Ground IrMeat.ifaw h I ihall have . ^mf- ThePaflfwes ai the K'rV'Tt\in Fedfl., 55 "Y\\Q Tonqtiimfe \yA\ c tivo Annual Foads. T\\zAni6 thief is at the firft New Moon of the New T^ar ; and their NewYear begins with the hr[i NcwMo:):i that ^alls out after the niicldic (j( J^ifin/:ry , for elfc that Moon is rcckon'd to tlvj old } car. At t'lis time they make merry and rcjoyce 10 or iid.iy^, and then there is no bufir.eG do-ic, bat every in vi makes hirafelfas fine as may bii,cl'pecially thccommon fort. Thefe fpend their time in gaming orfpoir- ing, and you Ihall fee the Streets full of j^juple, both Citizens and Country folks, ^^ izing at icvciai diverting exercifes. Some fct up Swings? in t!ie Streets, and gee money of thofe that will r.vlr.g in them. The Frames arc contriv'd like ours in the * Fields about Lomlon m Holiday times : but they who fwing (land upright on the lower part of tlvj Swing,which is only a IHck ftanding on each end, ' being faftened to a pendulous rope, which tncy lK)!fl I faft with their hands on each (ide ^ and they railc 1 tliemfelves to fuch prodigious heighth, that if the ^; Swing fhould break they mule necu: b^eak theif j Limbs at bed, if not kill thcnifelvcs ontiigb.r. lOthersipend their time in drinking, 'ib.cii- ordi- 'nary drink is Tea: but they makcthcmlcIvLS mer- ry with hot Rack, which foinccimes alio they iviix ■ with their Tea. Either way it hath an odd nalty ^ ta/le, but is very ftrong: and is therefore much *' elteemed by them : elpecially ac this time, when they fo mucli devote themfelves to mirth, or m id- \ ne(s, or even beftial drunkennels. The richer iort '^ are more referved : yet they wiil rilfo be very merry I at thistime.TheNoblcs treat their fiicnds with good j cheer and the bed Rack ; but indeed there is. lione I good in this Country. Yet (iich as they have riiey 1 eiteem as a great Cordial ; efpecially when Snakes ? and Scorpions have been infufcd therein, as i have I been informed. This is ncc only accounted a gicat \ Cordial^ ^)ut an antidote againit the Leprofie, and ;s iH m I I ii •{ t !i 54 Chinam, ^p^^ us^dtvith^ttXc and hrc] ^.1688 all forts of Poyfon •, and 'tis accounted a gieat piece %»^/->^ of refpedt to any one to treat him with this Liquoi- I had this relation from one that had been treated thus by many of the great men. They alfo it this time more efpecially chew abundance ot Betle, and make prefents thereof to one another. The Betlc Levi Is the great entertainment m the Eall for all Vifitants j and 'tis always given with the Arck folded up in ir. They make up the Arek in pellets fit for ute» by fir ft peeling off the outer green hard rind of the Nuts, and then fplitting it lengthways in ; or4parts, moreorlefs, according to its bignefs. Then they dawb the Leaf all over with Chinam or Lime made into a Morrer orPa^H-e, and kept in a Box for this purpofe, fpreading it thin. And here by the way I ILall take notice of a flip in my former Volume^ p. 518, which I defire may be corrected : the Nut being there by miftake call d the Betle, and fhe Arek-tree call'd thcBetle- tree^ whereas Betle is the name of the Leaf they^ chew. In t' is Leaf, thus fpread with Cwiw^w, they roll up a flice o^ Arek-Nut^y^xy neatly, and make a pell'ct of about an inch long, . and as big as the top of ones finger. Every luan here has a Box tha: will hold a great many of thele pellets, in which they keep a (tore ready made up : for all perfons^ of what quality foever, from the Prince to the Beggar^ chew abundance of it. The poorer fort carry a fmall pouchful about with them: But the Mtwdarmsy or great men have curious oval Boxes, made purpofely for this uft., that will hold fo 01 60 Bctle pellets. Theie i'-oxes -.eatly lackerii and gilded, both inlide and outtide, ^'ith a cove: to take off^ and if any 11 ranger vilits l. mii, efpe- cially E'M'o'pcafjs. they are fure, among oti, ^^ good entertainment, to be treated with a Box of 3etle The Attendant that brings it holds ii- to the lek hA'J f but n ind Arek. la great piece Lh this Liquoi' I been treated ,ey a^fo it this nee ot Betle, ither. linment in the ys given with Le up the Arek off the outer len fplitting it efs, according Leaf all over 'orrer orPaO-e, , fpreading it ke notice of a which I dcfire ere by miftake aird thcBetle- the Leaf they hC/j'maw^ they ly, and make id as big as the has a Box that letSj in which 'or all perfons^ Prince to the he poorer (brt [lem: But the us oval Boxes, 'ill hold 90 or ->eatly lacker u "ith a cove: Vj l. Mll^ cfpC- ng oti- ^'' good Box of 3etle ii to the lek ban -d Prefects of Ectle a}jd Enter tainvjoits. 55 hand of the ftranger ,• who therewith taking oify7/;. ;6SB the cover, takes with his right hand tlic Nufb out of the Box. 'Tvvcrc an affront to tike thcni, or pive or receive any thing with the left hant]:,vvhicl\ is confin'd all over India to the viler ufcs. .. It is accounted good breeding to conin'.end tl.c I tafle or neatnefs of this prcfcnt j and they all love to be flattered. You thereby extremely plcalc the . mailer of the houfe, and engage him to be your friend : and afterwards you may be fure he will not fail to (end his Servant with a prefent of Betlo once intwo or three mornings, with a complemcnr to know how you do. This will coil you a fm.iil gratuity to the Servant, who joyfully acquaints his Mafter how gratefully you receiv'd tlicpixrcnt: and this ftill engages him more ; and lie will coni~ plcment you with great refped vyhencverhc rnccrs s you. I was invited to one ot thcls Ncvvycar';> ' , Feafl-s by one of the Countiey, and accordingly ; went afnore, as many other Sea men did upon like ^invitations. I know not what entertainment they ],had ,• but mine was like to be but mean, and tliere- *fore I prefently left ir. The Ihple Didi was ilice, >vhich 1 have faid before is the common food: tefides vvhich, my friend, that he might the better entercain mc and his crhtr guefls, had been in the, morning a filliingin a Pond not far from iiis liouie, ,and had caught a huge mefs of Frogs, nnd with .'great joy brought them home as focn as I came to his houfe. I wondered to ice him turn out fo ma- ny of thefe creatures into a Basket,- and askin:^ hun what they were fur ^ he told nie to cue : huz how he drefl chem I knov/ not ; 1 did not lik-: 1;\3 dainties fo well as to llay and dine with hnr.. 'ihe other great Fealt tliey have, i. after ihcir ; May crop is hous'd, about the bcojjiniiig of ^V-. i. At this Fcafi- alio they iiave puhlids i:c]oycings ; \ but m.uch infcri.our to thofe or thci: Kcv; v'car^'Feaft t L 4 I. hcii* 5^ The Religion and UAs of Tonquin. ■f: ' til ,j I " ', ¥ 'il'i ^».i688 Their Religion is Paganifm, and they are great ^"'^'-^^ Idolaters : NeverthelcG they own an omnipotent, {upream , over-ruling power, that beholds both them and their a(5lions, and fo far takes notice of them, as to reward the good and punifh the bad in the other world. For they believe the immor- tality of the Soul: but the notion that they have of the Deity is very obfcnre. Yet by the figures which they mnke, reprefenting this God, they rnanifeftly fhew that they do believe him to excel ia f[ght, flrength, courage and wifdom, juflice, C^c. For tho their idols^ which are made in human fhapes are very different in their forms ^ yet they all reprefent fomewhat extraordinary either in the countenance, or in the make of the body or limbs. Some are very corpulent and fat, others are very lean j fome alCo have many eyes, others as many hands, and all graiping foniewhat. Their afpedts are alfo different, and in fome meafure reprefenting what they are made to imitate, or there is fome- what in their hands or lying by them, to illuftrate the meaning of the Figure. Several paflions are alfo reprefented in the countenance of the Image, as love, hated, joy, grief. I was told of one Image, that was placed fitting on his Hams , with his Elbows reffing on his Knees, and hisChin reft- ing on his 2 Thumbs, for the fupporting his Head, which lookt drooping forwards: his Eyes were mournfully lift-d uptowaidsHeaven, and the figure wasfo lean , and tlu. countenance and whole compo- fure was fo forrowful, that it was enough lo move the b-holder with pity and compaflion. My Friend faid he was mucli affeded with the fight thereof Tliere are other hnagcs alfo, that are in the fnape of Beafts, either E.ephants or Ilorfes : for I have not ^t(zn tliem in any other lliape. The Vago* das o:\do\ Temples, are not funiptuous and mag- nihcenc.as in fome of the Neighbouring Kingdom?. ■ • ■ ^They They •but ( •jtile try fo and I deed %uz w '^ Th f)oth Horfe 'liead iquin. ey are great omnipotent, eholds both es notice of nifli the bad the immor- at they have y the figures God, they im to excel 3om, juflice, de in human Tjs ; yet they either in the ody or limbs, hers are very hers as manv Their afpe6ts I reprefenting here is forae- to illuftratc paffions are of the Image, old of one iams J with lisChin reft- ng his Head, Eyes were nd the figure /hole compo- ugh to move . My Friend ght thereof : are in the lorfes : for I The Fa^o* us and mag- g Kingdom?. They lC TheP^godsiS or Temples, ThePrieJIs, 57 ^hey are generally built with Timber, and are ^n.i6S% •but fmalland low : yet moftly covered with Pan- tile 'efpecially the City P/7^or/^j. Butin the Coun- try Tome of them are thatched. I faw the Horfc and Elephant Idols only in the Country : and in- deed I faw none of the Idols in the Cicy Cnchao^ f)ucvvas told they were generally in humane lliapes. '4 TheHorfe and Elephant Images I faw, were %oth forts about the bignefs and height of a good "tlorfe, each ftanding in the midft of a little Teoi- ^le, juft big enough to contain them, with their ■^fieads towards theDoor: and fometimes one, fome- 'Vimes two together in a Temple, which was always 'bpen. There were up and down in the Country •bther buildings,fuch asP^^o//j/,orTemples,Tombs,or fhc like,lefs than thefe ; and not above the heighth )f a man : but thefe were always fhut fo clofe, that could not fee what was within them. ^ There are many Vagan Priefts belonging to thefe fagodas, and 'tis reported that they are by th^ ;Ttavvs tyed up to ftri6l rules of living j as abflinencc Htom Women, and ftrong drink efpecially and en- |Din*d a poor fort of Life. Yet they don't feem tt) confine themfelves much to thefe Rules : but ijieir fubfiftance being chiefly from Offerings, and jpiere being many of them, they are ulually very "ioor The offering to thePriefl is commonly 2 or 5 landfuls of Rice, a box of Betle, or fonic fuch like prefent. One thing the people refort to them |Gr is fortune-celling, at which they pretend to be Very expert, and will be much offended if any iOifpute their skill in that, or the truth of their Rcli^ .^ion. Their Habitations are very little and mean, Vclofe by the Pagodas , where they coniiantly arcoiid Jfo offer the petitions of the poor people, that fre- jriuently relort thichcr on iomefuch errajid. 1 or ^,jihey have no fee times of Devoriun, nciiher dc Jthcy f;;em to e ft ccm one day above aiiorhcr .\'^«w ji. • -M' , ■: ,^: mi yy t: i 'i ^ I i- '<] 58 The folcMuity of their Prajti ]oieMuny oj xmir frajtrs, /I?«.i688their Annual Feafls. The people bring totli? Prieft in writing what Petition they have to make; and he reads it aloud before the Idol, and after wards burns it in an Incenfc-pot, the fupplicant a! the while lying prodrate on the Ground. I think the M.mdarins and rich people feldom com: to the Pagodas , but have a Clci k of their owr ^yho reads the Petition in their own Courts Yards : and it lliould feeni by thiSjthat the Mandau have a better fenfe of the Deity, than the commo: People ,• for ui thtfe Yards, there is noldol,befor whom to perform the Ceremony, but 'tis done wit. Eyes lift up to Heaven. When they make this Pj tition they order a great deal of good meat to t drcft, and , iiling all their Servants into the Co.ur: where the Ceremony is to be performed, they plac ^he food on a table, where alfo 2 Incenfe-potsa: placed, and then the Mandarm prefents a paper r the Clerk, who reads it with an audible voic; |n thelirlt place there is drawn up an ample accoui of all that God has bleft him vvithal, as Healt: Riches, Honour, Favour of his Prince, &c, ar. long Life, if he be old,- and towards the conclufio: there is a Peririo.n to God for " T'ontinuunce ofi thefe bletiings, and a farther augmentation of then: efpecialiy vvitli long Wic and favour of his Princ; which Jaft they cfteem as the greateil of all B!i; iings. While this paper is reading the Mill; kneels down, and bows his face dovvn to the Eaith and when the Cleik has done receding it, he pi: ic to the burning Rufhes, that are in the Incenf; pot , where 'tis confumed. Then he llings in ; ( 4 little bundles off.cit i pjper, which i> ^'cry tir and gilded ; and when that alfo is burnt, he biiJs I: Servants eat the Meat, Tins Relation 1 had fii an EngU^} Gentlemen, wlio underfrood the I eu '-,nf» ver y well. vab crcfent at fuch a C cr Uionv, Tliii buiiiinri of paper fccais a great Curtc 1 ^ aftio .for ^.1" le bring to th«' have to make; dol, and after e fupplicant a! ►und. )ie feldom com; o( their owe iwn Courts o It the Mandarin mche commoi no Idol J befor: it 'tis done wk^ ;y make this Pj )od meat to b; into the Coun ^ lied, they plac Incenfe-potsai, ints a paper r audible voic; n ample accoui hal, as Heali. lince, &c. an. , the condufio: ntinuancc of^ itationof then r of his l^ruic: ateil of all Bk; the M± }n to the Eart: Jing it;, he pu in the !ncenf; Vc iluigs in ; c hichi:* ^'ery tir .irnr, he biJ^ 1 ticii I had f.t ftood the I :■ ai" fuch aCciv a great Cuftc: Anjr^^.'^ The TonquineCe La^igtiage avdWritifig. 59 f^mong the Eaftern Idolaters : and in my former -iVolume I obferved the doing lb by the Cb'mefe^ in a Ifacrifice they had at BencoulL ^ The Tonqtiincfe Language is fpoken very much «lhrough the throat, but many words of it are pro- %iounccd through the teeth. It has a gient atiinity to the Cbinefe Language, efpecially the Fokien dia- led, as I have been informed : and tho their 'ords are differently pronounc'd , yet they can inderftand each others Vvritings, the characters ind words being fo neir the lame. The Court .anguage efpecially is very near the Cbinejc - for :he Courtiers being all Scholars, they fpcak nioro slegantly ,* and it differs very much fioiii the vul- var corrupted language. But for the jVIahijan 'ongue, which Monlieur Taverwcr's Brother iiihis liftory of Tow^rtij lays is the Court Lungiiago, I :ould never hear by any perfon that it is fpoken [here, tho 1 have made particular enquiry about it • leither can I be of his opinion in that matter. i'o& [he Tonqainefe have no manner of Trade with any \iala)ani that I could obferve or learn , neither lave w.:w of their neighbours : and for what other i rounds the To9ifunefe ihould receive that language know not. It is not probable that either Con- ;||uefl, Trade or Religion could bring it in ; nor Mo they travel towards Malacca, but towards cbjjir.^ id commonly tis {rom o.ne of thefe caufes that ten learn the language of another Nation. he remarkable fmoothncfs of that L^inguagc, confefs, might excite fome people to icarn it out ^fcurioHty : but the Toiic^iiinrfe are not fo cuiious. They have Sdiools of Learning, and NLiifcrics tupr^outhi. The Characters they Write in a: Ihe faiTire Vv'ith the Cbinefe^ by what I could judge ; Ind they wrire with a hair Pencil, not (itrhig at a iTabie as we do, but /landing upright. They jujIsJ neir Paper in one handj and write with the ctlier. f5« * i ; i! f \ \l :. !■ 1 fSilv( if a fui lilk fet if wro IhJ fcr the (thePair ummy inibs he Cc reat '1 lly all s whit( he air lackiili ling it |of pape colour. ck ArU. 1(51 and fair. om the top to from the right , the left. Af. 5ted in fuch them in ; and y them. They ;try and Arith- onomy. They c I could not f/iw, or brought 3arts^ fome oi in Altronomy sm the Revo learn of their Ethlcks : anc or made Gra : examination ji trial, vvh^d oily their o^j ; been a (lifted lever admittcc VIcchanickAri ly Tradelmcr, oyners, Tu: nters, Monq Lacker vvarC; inoft in frame; s by two men n here. It i \l dextrous ant their cabaii 3 their Cafh a: bber in U'^- Commodities and ManufaBures. 6 1 The 7'cw^«/w(/e make indifferent good Paper, of^».i688 two forts. One fort is made of Silk, the other of the rinds of Trees. This being pounded well with wooden Peftles in large Troughs, make the beft writing Paper. The vendible Commodities of this Kingdom are (feold. Musk, Silks, both wrought and raw, fome allicoes, Drugs of many forts. Wood for Dying, acker Wares , Earthen- Wares, Salt, Annifecd, ormfeed, &c. There is much Gold in this ountry : It is like the China Gold, as pure as that ^i Japan, and much finer. Eleven or twelve Tale "^^f Silver brings one of Gold. A Talt is the name fa fumm of about a Noble Engl. Befides, the raw ilk fetched from hence , here are feveral forts |f wrought Silks made for exportation, 'viz,: Pe- ngs, Sues J Htiv^kim , Vwia[co\ ^ .and Gaws hePelongs andGaws, are of each fort either plain r flower'd very neatly. They make feveral other ris of Silk, but thefe are the principal tliat are ught by the E7jgli(l} and Dutch. The Lacker'd Ware that is made here, is not in- riour to any but that of Ji:'pa» only, which is eemed the beR in the world ,' probably becaufe e Japan wood is much better than this ?xTo?iciuin2 r there lecms not any confiderable difference in lePaint or Varnifh. The Lack o^Toi^qnin is a fort of ummy juice, which drains out of the Bodies or inibs of Trees. It is gotten in fuch quantities by he Country people, that they daily bring it in ^reat Tubs to the Markets 'oxCachao to foil, efpeci- \ illy all the working; feafbn. The natural colour |s white, and in fubftance th;ick like Cream : but |he air will change its colour, and make it look ackilh : and therefore the Country people that ing it to Town, cover it over with i or ; fheets iof paper, or leaves, to preferve it inirs fredinarive colour. The Cabinets, Desks, or any Ibrt of" Frame 3 *.i, '• * -i\ *-rr ir% 62 Of tie Lncker-vpare^ Lack^^ and Turpentine. ''jtHi69jS Frames to be Lackered , are made of Fir, o** Pone-trce ; but the Joyners in this Country may not compare their work with that which the Eu- ropeans make : and in laying on the Lack upon good or fine joyned work they frequently fpoil the joynts, edges, or corners of Drawers of Cabinets; DefideSj our fafhions of Utenfils differ mightily from theirs, and for that rcafon XZ.aptain Poole, in his fecond Voyage to the Country, brought an ingenious Joyncr with him, to make fafhionable Commodities to be lackered here, as alfoDeal- boards,which are much better than the Pone-wood of this Country. The Work-houfes where the Lacker is laid on, ^re accounted very unwholfom, by reafon of a puifonous quality, faid to be in the Lack, which fumes into the Brains through the Noflrils of thofe that work at it, making them break out in botches and biles • yet the fccnt is not ftrong, nor the fmell unfavory. The Labourers at this Trade can work only in the dry feafon, or when the drying North Winds blow : for as they lay (everal Coats of Lack, one on another, fo theie muft all have time to be throughly dry, before an outer Coat can be laid on the former.It grows blackifli of itfelf, when expoled tothe air,- but the colour is heightned by Oy], and other ingredients mixt with it. When the outfide Coat is dry , they polifh it to bring it to a glofs. This is done chiefly by often rubbing it with the ball or palm of their Hands. They can make the Lack of any colour, and tem- per it fo as to make therewith good Glew, faid to be the bell in the world. It is alfo very cheap, and prohibited exportation. They make VarniiliaUb with the Lack. Here is alfo T«r '.7;e in good plenty, and very cheap. Our Ca;:;^!!! bought a confiderable quan- r.ity ftK' the .Ships uie ; and of this the Carpenter . made > iiade Seams The jfagr §ialli pore. |ie bo f ne an 01 any ( Captai, )art of lomcw )r the ((land frofit 1 If the \lalayai lie For Jlutted J 4000 Sow he wares > le fale uhan^ idfel The Ire bey fialinga Inow v\ >r the; [ours,- i here, frovvor )ecaure : Lnnifeei by the I m it £ favour. irfentine, \ of Fir, or :.ountry may lich the Eu- \ Lack upon idy fpoil the if Cabinets: er mightily lin Voole^ in brought an z faihionable as alfoDeal- 5 Pone-wood r is laid on, reafon of a Lack, which )ilri!s of thofe jut in botches ong, nor the lis Trade can en the drying teveral Coats luft all have outer Coat ckifli of itfelf, risheightned ixt with it. polifh it to efly by often their Hands. >ur, and tern- d Glew, faid is alfo very They make ty, and very derable quan- le Carpenter made Earthen Ware and Drugs. 60 fnade good Pitch, and ufed it for covering the ^;7. 1688 Seams after they were caulk'd. The Earthen- V7are of this Country is courfe and 9f a grey colour, yet they make great quantities of Jnall Earthen Dilhes, that will hold half a pint or lliore. They arc bronder towards the brim tiian at rfie bottom, fo that they may be Itowcd within f ne another. The> have been fold by Europeans^ in jiany of the Malayan Countries, and for that reafon .aptain Pool in his firft Voyage, bought the beft Kirt of 1 00000, in hopes to fell them in his return lomcward at Batavia ,• but not finding a market )r them there, he carried them to Btncoull on the (Hand Sumatra^ where he fold them at a great frofit to Governor BUom ; and he alfo fold moft if them at good advantage to the Native ^Ulayans there : yet fomc thou (a) Is were dill at ic Fort when I came thither, he Country being klutted with them. Captain IVddon alfo bought 50 (r 40000, and carried them to Jort St. George, but [ow he difpofed of them I ki ^w not. The Cbiti^ rares which are much finer, have of late fpoiled lefale of this Commodity in moft places: yet at :kan^ in the Bay o^Bengall^ they are ftill efteem'd, id fell at a good rate. The feveral forts of Drugs bought and foldhere, :e beyond my knowledge : bi- 1 here is China root, ralingame. Rhubarb, Ginger &c. Neither do I [now whether any of thcfe g;ovv in this Country, >r they are moftly imported from their Neigh- bours,* tho as to the Ginger, I think ic grows here. Here is alfo a fort of Fruit or Berry faid to Irovvorifmall Bufjies, called by the Dutch Anvlfe, lecaufe its fcent and tafte is llrong like that of the \nnifeed.This Commodity is only exported hence )y the Dutch , who carry it to Batavia, and there iliil it among their Arack,to give it an Annifecd iavour. This fort of Arack is not fit to make Punch « M li;; 64 Sappan-n?^t7<^, Wormfeed^ Muskt Rhubarb Sec, '^».:^8ri Punch with, neither is it ufed that way, but for want of plain Ai.ck It is only ufed to take a I^ram of by itfelf, by the Dutch chiefly , who in- f^e^d of Brandy, will Iwallow large Doles of it, tho it bt; Itrong : but 'tis alfo much ufed and efteemed ail over the Eaft Indies. There is one fort of Dying wood in this Coun- try much like the Campcachy Log-wood,tho whether the lame , or Wood of greater value, I know not. I have heard that 'tis called 5^;)p^» Wood, and that it comes from Siam, It wasfmallei* than what we ufually cut in the Bay of Campeachjf • fo: the biggeft ftickthat I fa w here was no bigger than my Leg, and moft of it much fmallcr, anc trooked. They have other forts of Dyes, but! can give no account of them. They dye fevcra! colours here, but I have been told they are iic; laiHng. They have many forts of good tall Tim ber- trees in this Country, fit for any fort<; d building: but, by relation, »one very durable For Mailing the Fir and Pone Trees are the he!' Here is much Wormfeed, but it grows not in tlii Kingdom. It is brought from within the Lan^ from the Kingdom oiBoutan^ or from theProvinc: oiTtinam, bordering on this Kingdom, yet belong ing to China, From thence comes the Musk anc Rhubarb ,• and thefe 5 Commodities are faid to be peculiar to Boittan and Tunam, The Musk grow: in the Cods of Goats. The fame Countries yieiii Gold alfo, and fupply this Country with it : fo: whatever Gold Mines thQ To?: <^uincfe are faid to have in their own Mountains, yec they don't work up on them. ^ With all thefe rich Commodit'fes, one would ex- ped:!; the people ro be rich ; but the generality are very poor, cor.lidering what a Trade is driven here For rltcy have h'ttie or no Trade by Sea them- wni Tra Eng whc anni 'ditie 'Goo petei ra/he I Lead !or If ■Vlve^ cxcrTt for e;iit^b!ef. -:? PJcc, and Fiii^ Rhubarb 8(c, way, but for fed to take a ;fly , who in- )oles of it, tho and efteemed I in this Coun- id,tho whether value, I know [ 5^pprt»W00(]; isfmaller than "lamfeachjf • for was no bigge: fmallcr, anc' of Dyes, but! ley dye fevcra! Id they are nc: good tall Tim r any fort<; d very durable ees are the hef' ows not in tir hin the Lan^ m theProvinc m, yet belorg ; the Musk anc 5 are faid to be le Musk grow: oun tries yieid y with ic : fo; ire faidtohav; on't work up one would ex- generality are is driven here by Sea them- kc, and Fi!^ The Trade driven erly to his Anceilori, Vv'ho were great Ma7Hlarins before the ufurpation So that he now feems to have a particular valui foi for it repor great that many both ( of the I Th labout ' f Jorfb or 14 are 2 in lon^ Jiar rO( feed hi are a I: walhec Som ternab . Vhen itrcets, Ircliej lim, t( :omin| >ndgi\ |chief t( pv Kee| • 'Mo or Iquai mt lid ind fee Th€ Ilorfes^ Elefhatits^ and Artillery. 69 for it, and keeps his Treallire there, wiiich, by ^';>r. 1,^88 report, is very great. This Trealure is buried in ^ ^--^ great Cilterns full of Water, mide purpoleiy for thatufe: and to fecure it, he keeps a great many Soldiers there,* and commirs the charge, both of them and the Tieafuie to th.e Govcrnoui of theProvince^whois one of iiis principaiEiinucls. ThcChoua has always a Itrong guard ofSoUiic:>> about his Palace, and many large Stables fo-r his Horfes and Elephants. The Moilcs are about 1; or 14 hands high, and are kept very fat : there are 2 or ;oo of them. The Elcpl.ants aie kcpr in long Stables by thcmfelves, each luV ing a pecu- liar room or partition, with a Keeper ro drefs and eed him. The number of the kings Elephanrs re about ip or 200. They are watered a;ui alhed every day in the River. Some of the Elephants arc very gentle and go- ernable, others are more indocil and uniuiy. Vhen thefe rude oj^.es are to pafs through th.e trcets, tho only to be watered , the ]\ider cr rclTer orders aGong orDrum to be beaten befoie im, to warn People thac an unruly Elephant is oming ; and they prefcntly clear the Srrecr-. ndgive a palTage for theBeail; who will do mif- hief to any that are in the way, and their Riders r Keepers cannot rellrain him. Before the Chouas Palace, there is a large parade, rfquare place for the Soldiers to be dravv-nup. On ne lide there is a place for the A'I^?hlarh>s to lit, nd fee the Soldiers excrcife, on the other lide here is a Ihed, wherein all the Cannon and iiCivy vCiuns are lodged. There may he 5-0 or 6c Iron hcua. ftirs without veneration by hcCboua alfo ; im, but treats 'he people fay feem to have )uld have, if nd whenever A^hich is 2 or a nee of Com- c his very life rns and rules V ays gives him y Ambafladorj| m^ they will| c the Boua, and| after all this iw Servants to ns make the' ■J Guards : Ail fure, and the % War, are en- preferment ii ivho attend the ices about him ver f'lffer'd to lb that I could^ But as to the he is an angry, 5 in the feconc ^e Wives ; bu; ; governs witl". e(^s and wit! , „ . . Dds and Eft;uc: 1^^^^ ^rcm Falcon to Dcmy-Culverin, 2 or ; ince oi Tenth: rvhole Culverin or Demi Cannon, Jind i'(inic old his Anceibri, f^^^ Mortars lying on logs. The Guns arc mount- •he ufurpatioa pj^" ^^''cif' Carriages, but the Cairi.igcs of tiick' ^articular value f'^nsare old and very ill made. There is ore o The M' eapons and Soldiery ^'/Tonquin ■'-^ w .; ! ^».!688great Erafs Gun, much bigger than the refl, fup, ^^ ].ofed to be 8 or 9000 pound weight. It is of a t;'per bore ^ of a foot diameter at the mouth, but IT uch fmallcr at the biitch It is an ill fhaped thing, yet much eflemeed by them, probably be- cau c it was calt here,and the biggell thatever they maJc. It was caft about 12 or 1; years ago, and it being fo heavy,they cou d not contrive to mount i:, but Were beholding to the Englijlj, to put it into the Carriage ; where it now itands more for 5 iliow than lervice. But tho this is but an crdinary piece of workmanlhip, yet the To:cjuinefe underflanc how to run Metals, aixl are very expert in temper- ingthe Earth, whercvvith chey make their mould Thcfe are all thcgre:)t Guns, that 1 faw or heard of in this Kingdom, neith.er are here any Forts. yet the King keeps always a great many Soldiers 'Tis laid that he has always 70 or 80000 conflant ly in pay. Thefe are mofl Foot, they are arm d with CV^^w; or Sword, and Hand Guns of; foot and an haifcr 4foot in tlieBarrel.The bore is about the bigncfsof our Horfe Pillois,they are all Match- locks, and they are very thick and heavy. The, Soldiers do ail make their own Powder. They have little Engins for mixing the ingredients^ and make as fmall a quantity as ihey pieafe. They know not how to corn it, and therefore it is in unequal lumps, fome as big as the top of a man/ Thumb, aud fome no bigger than a white Pea: neifiier have I feen any Powder well coui'd, that has been made in any of thefe Eaflern Nation? The Soldiers have each a Cartage Box, covered with leather, after the manner of the IVefi Indkr, Privateers ; but inflead of Paper Cartages, theie ire hiled with (mall hollowCant's,each containing a load or chai gc ofPowdcr » which they empty out of fhe Cane into the Gun ,• fo that each Box has in it, js it werc,ro n^.any Baiuieleers. TheirArms are kept very Tonquin the reft, fup. Ik. It is of a lie mouth, but an ill fhaped ; probably be- that ever the\ rs ago, and i; re to mount i:, to put it into is more for a ut an ordinary ^^c/e-underdand )ert in temper. e their mould 1 faw or heard 3re any Forts, nany Soldiers ooo conllant they are arm a juns of; foot z burcis about are all Match- heavy. The vvder. They ,redients, and leafe. They refore it is in top c^ a niaih a white Pea: comd, that iern Nations Box, covered lie W(^ Inil'm artages, thele containing a empty out of Box has in it, /Vrms are kept VCl) Good Eaters good Soldiers, ^' 7 r very bright and clean ; for which purpofe every one An.\6SS of them has a hollowBambo to lay over the Barrel ^.^-\'-^-^ of hisGun ; and I'o keep theduft from it, as it lies over the rack in hislloufe. When they march alio in rainy weather, they have another Bambo, to cover their Guns. This is large enough to cover |he whole Barrel, and very well lacker'd : fo that icisnotonly handfome, but alfoprefcrvcs the Gua Iry. The Soldiers when they march are led by an ifliccr, who is leader of the i'ile : and every Fiio :onli^s of 10 men : but as I have been informed )y one who has feen tham march, they don t keep their ranks in marching. The Soldiers are motfc )f them lufty ftrong well made men : for tis that ;hiefly recommends them to the Kings fervicc 'hey muftalfo have good Stomachs, foi that is a greater recommeiidatfon then the former • neither ;an any man be entertain d as a Soldier, that has lot a greater ftroke than ordinary at eating : for )y this they judge of his ihength and conltitucion. 'Or which reaton, when a Soldier comes to be illcd, his Stomach is hii\ proved with Rice, the [ommon fublillence of tlie ordinary People in this angdom : and according as he acquits himfolf ;'i this hrft rryal of his manhood, fo he is either ifcharged or entertained in the lervice. 'Tis re- torted, that at thefe Tryals they commonly cac f or 9 cups Ok Rice, each containing a pine, and fhcy are ever afterwards edeem'd and advanced, Recording to the lirlr days (ervice : and the greateti: tatcrs are chieliy imploy d as guards to the king, f nd commonly attend on his Perfon. Tlie Pro- vince of ISIgca?! breeds the iuflicfl men, and the bell eaters : for that reafon thofc of that Province ^aie generally imploy 'd as Soldiers. After ;j years ^ervice a Soldier may petitioji to be disbi;u«cd; knd then the Village where lie was bur.i muit lend iUiietherman to fcrve in his room. f 4 The V r 7i The Exercifes of the Soldiery, .»■ H , ' An.i6SS The.Horfemen are but few, and arme'^ viith Bows, and long Spear' or Lances, like the Moon sindTurkf. Both thelc i?ij'l the Foot So'Ucrsare very dexterous in !ifin^ ♦■heir weapor and ihoot very well with r/aiiei wi.h Gun or Bow- for they arc often excrcU'cc' Ly liiooting at Marks. The King orders a [hooting mat:n once a year, and rewards the befl: marks-man with a fine Coat, or about iocjo Cfipi, as 'tis called, which is a fumm about the value of a Dollar. The mark is a white earthen Cup, placed againfta Bank, Thediftance they ftand to tire ac it is about Fo yards. He who breaks the firft Cup hns the fined Coat ,• for there are others alfo of lefs worth and finery for the refl, that have the good fortune to break the other Cups, or Calh in lieu of thcni. This is all at the Kings charge, who incoura^^es this exercife very much, as a means to make them good Marks-men, and they generally prove fuch. They will load and fire the quickeft: of any People. They draw the Rammer at one motion, and powring down the Powder and Bullet, they ram all down at one motion more. Then they withdraw the Rammer, and put it into its place, at 2 motions more. Al! the 4 motions are performed very dexteroufly ar : quick : and when they flioot at a mark , the} level , -^nd fire at firft fight , yet very fuccefs- fully. Tho the King of J'onquin has no Forts, yet he keeps always a great many Souldiers in the Fron- tier Towns of his Kingdom • efpecially on the S. W. part thereof, to check the Coch'mcbmefej hi; implacable Enemies : and tho there feldom hap- pens a pitch'd Battel between them , yet there are often Skirmifinngsi, which keep the Souldiers on each fide upon their guards: and fometimes there are conlidcrable excurfions rwadc by one or other party into the Enemies Territories, where the t:::uQ b Ml zry. :e the Moon So' Jicrsare iapor: , ^.nd an or Bow ; ng at Marks. e a year, and fine Coat, or 1 is a fumm irk is a white Thediftancs ds. He who at ,' for there / for the reft, ik the other his is all at the exercife very Marks-men, will load and ey draw the ng dowii the "own at one the Rammer. s more. Al! xteroufly afli mark , they ^ery faccefs- orts, yet he in the Fron- cially on the hinchinefe^ hi: I feldom hap- yet there are Souldiers on ■netimes there one or other where the kill Lofig Guns for the Field. 73 ■:''■ ■M "■--4 kill, fpoyl, and bring away what booty they cart 4n.\^^^ find. The King alfo has always about 50000 near s^v'-s^ hispeifoij, and quarter d in or about Cachao^ ready on all occafions. The Dry Icafon is the rime for his Armies to take the Fi :id, 01 f;?j agjiiiitan L..:- my : for in thefe Countries there is no marching in the Wet feafon. When lie fends an Army by Land on any expedition, the General, and ©thcr great Officers are mounted on Elephants. Thcfe have neat little boarded Mouics or Caitles fafincd on their backs, where the j:^rcat men fit in Rate, fecur d from tlie Sun or Kain. They have no Tieldpieces in their Armies, but inflead thereof they carry on mens backs Guns that will carry a 4 ounce vShot. The barrels of thefe Guns are about 6 or 7 foot long : but tho one man carries one of them on his back, yet he cannot hold it out to fire, like fmall Guns, but refts it on its Carriage, which is another mans burden, and they two manage it between thern. The Carri- age is only a round piece of Wood, about 4 inches thick, and 6 or 7 foot long. One ^wdn of the Carriage is fupported with two Legs, or a Fork of three foot high, the other rells on the ground. The Gun is placed on the top, where there is an Iron vSocket for the Gun to reit in, and a .Svx 'vel to turn the Muzzel any way. From the br'^ ,ii of the Gun tliere is a flioit flock, for the \\\\\u ^"ho fires the Gun to traverfe it withi.il, and to icif i: againft his fhoulder. The w'io, of rheio Gur.s is tu clear a Fafs, or to fire over the Kivcis, when the Enemy is fo ccmmoclioully nlac d, that chere is r:o other way to move liim ,• and they arc catryVl by (wz^'t, two men almofi with as much calc as Ivius kets. \r\ tiiefe Fand-cyDcditions they cirrv but ft * -I "^ "^ ...tic byggage, be(;des their neceflary Arms, Am- n: ninorj, and Protendcr : So that if thty aie •'.Tcdclvjiy lightly fcampcr away : und gcnwiaiiy ' ■ m v-^$.- II '^1 •''•jit? ', '. n \ 74 Frotttier-Gnards, Naval Force. •^«.i688iii '"hefe Countries the DHpute is foon over, for they will not long fuftain a fmart Onfet. licfidesthe Souldiers on the Frontiers, and thofe who attend the King about Cachao^ he has many others that keep guards in feveral parts of his King- dom, efpecially in the great Roads, and on the Rivers. Thefe fearch all exported goods, to fee that no prohibited goods are fent out of the King- dom, efpecially Arms : and no prohibited goods brought in. They alfo look after the Cuflomc, and lee that all goods have paid, before they may pafs further. All Travellers are alfo fearch'd by them, and Itrietly examined , and if any perfons are taken only on fufpicion, they are sled very feverely, till they can clear themfelves : So that no difaiieded or rebellious perfon can ftir, with- out being prefently known ^ and this renders the King very fafe in his Government. 1 he Kings Naval force confiih only in a fort of flat bottom Gallics, atid thefe fcemingly deligncd more for State than fervicc, except to tranfpoit Soldiers from one place to anotb.er, Thefe V^eflel> arc fo, 6o, or 70 foot long, and about 10 or 12 foot broad in the wuile •, and the 2 ends near as many foot high out of the water, efpecially the hinderpart orStern : but the wafre or middle of the VelTel is not above 2 foot and an half from the wa- tcr,that being the place,by which all the men go in and our. From thence towards each end, it is ^'ent ly and very artificially raifed, to a confiderablc heigluii, fo that the whole fabrick appears very grac':i-'ui and pleafant, as it moves on the water. The head or forepait is not altogether fo liigha the Stern, neither is there fo much cod beftowcu on it for ornament : for tho it wants neither carv d work nor painting, yet *tis not comparable to that of the Stern, which his [great variety of carving, and iscadouily iackei'd and gilded. The place where '.vhei cover bein|: pears Gene the re .^ t\^Q S % night Arms fcorcli i are pi i even ' inig. cither and lo , have a rowed The they ar row pii VVaftes and tuc ' flands notch ( it forwj their O ingexac :he bet Imall C every ft nt once through with on into the alternate that feen re ar al orce, )x\ over, for fct. rs, and thofe he has many sof his King- and on the oods, to fee of the King, libited goods he Cuftomc, ■ore they may ) fearch'd by any perfons are E(ed very ves : So that a ftir, with- s renders the ly in a fort of igly delignd to tranfporc Fhcfe VelTeh out 10 or 12 ends neai as fpecially the niddle of the from the wa- he men go in :h end, it is confiderablc ippears very n the water. :r fo high a oft beftowcu cither carv d rable to that r of carvine, The place where The Tonquinefe 5/j//?/>;«^ and Rover r. 7^ u'here the Captain fits is in tlic Stern, and is neatly y4«.i68S : covered to keep off the Sun or the Rain: and it I being higher than any other part of the Veflcl, ap- pears Hke a Httle throne, efpecially that of the Generals Galley. This is more magnificent than the reft, tho all are built much of one form. From ^ the Stern to the vvafte, it is covered over with a I flight covering, to fticlter the Men and their Arms from the Rain in the wet feafon , and the fcorching Sun in the dry. Before the wafte there are places for the Oars on each fide, and a plain . even Deck for the Rowers to ftand by their tack- ling. Each Galley carries a (mall brafs Gun, either Minion or Saker, which is planted afore, and looks out through a port in the Bow. They , have a fniall Maft and Matt Sail, and they are rowed with from i6 or 20 to 24 Oars. The Soldiers are always the men that row, and they are all naked, except that they have a nar- row piece of black Cloath like a Sa(h about their Waftes, which is brought between their Thighs^ and tuckt again under their Wafte. Every one ilands upright behind his Oar, which lies in its notch on the Gunnal, and he thrufts or puflies it forward with a great ftrength ,• and they phingc their Oars all at one inftant into ihe Water, keep- ing exac^ time with each other : and that they may the better do this, there is one thir ftrikcson a fmall Gong, or a wooden lnftrun;cnt, before every ftroke of the Oar. Tlien the l^owers all at once anfwer with a fort of a hollow noife, through the Throat, and a ftamp on the deck with one foot, 2nd immediately phmge their Oars into the Water. Thus the Gong and the Rowers alternately anfwver each other, making a found that feems very ple^fant and warlike to thofe who ■ re at a fmall dilta ice on the Water or Shoar. I Thcfe 79 TAc Armament for the Gallks.^ ^«.i688 Thcfe Boats draw about 2 foot and a half wa- ter. They are only ferviceable in Rivers, or at Sea near the Shoar, and that in very fair wea- ther too. They are beft in the broad Rivers near the Sea, v/here they may take the advantage of the Tides to help them : for tho they row pretty fwift when they are Hglit, yet when they have 60, 80, or loo men aboard, as fometimes they have, they are heavy and row flowly againft the ftream. Neverrhelefs when there is occafion they muft go againft the ftream a great way, tho they perform it with great labour. The Soldiers in thcle Vefieis are equipt with Bows, Swords, and Lances, and when many of them arc fent on any expedition, they are di- vided into Squadrons. They arcdilHngaifhed byi their feveral Flags of different colours; as appear-! ed by an expedition they made up the River, a^ gainftfome of their Nortliern Neighbours, while we were there. There were then about 60 of thefe Galleys fent out up the River ,• and they had from 16 to 40 Soldiers in each, all well armed. Their General was called Ungee Conjci, who was a great ManJar'm, and was the perfoi: appointed by the King to infped into our Englifi Traffick; being made diret^tor or prote(5lor of thej Englijh Fatilory, who ufed to fpc-ak of him as a! generous man. There were two more gre;itf Officers undei.- him, each in a Vclfel by himfelf Thefc three had Flags of diftindion .- the hrft was yellow, the fecond blue, the third red 01 green. They went away from Cachao towards the Mountains, but did not return while we were there : but fince wc came from thence, ] have^ been informed that the expedition provd fruiclcls, and that the General UngcQ Coimi was nuicli difgraccd. ' \ •rv- Wh ' draggc » that p their I . and dr ^ from t [ Galiey ' round ftretch nicn,ft; wait f beat of ftrengr they ru alfo is Houfec fervice. ' Seme ' ing Wa men, a night in culariy chao. '! watch, difordei and fta ■ to exan alfo a \ and no 1 unlefs h I Watch. f well, tl I troufly I ^ place w I pair of 'I fecure n Money J OS. a half wa- iverSj or at y fair wea- Rivers near ^vantage oi ' row pretty I they have letimes they againft the iccafion they y, tho they equipt with en many of they are di-, ingaifhed byi •s; as appear-! le River, a- ibouvs, while . about (yc) of • and they ch, all well Uttgee Comet, the peifoi: our En^ltf^ te<5lor of the )f him as aj more great; by himlelf )n .• the hi it third red or [chao towards while we rrom thence. lition provd Cctmi Wl3^ Whci. Watch and Ward kept by the Soldiers. 77 When the Galleys are not in Icfvice, they are ^«. 168 J? dragged alhoar, and placed in Houfes built for that purpofe ; where they arc fet upright on their bottoms, madb very clean, and kept neat and dry. Thefe Galley Houfes are fo or 60 paces from the River fide ; and when they bring the Galleys into them, there is a (Irong Rope brought round the ftern of the Veflel, and both ends flretchcd along, one on each fide: then 3 or 400 men,fhnding ready with the Rope in their hands, wait for the fignal ,• which being given by the beat of a Gong, they begin to draw with all their flrength, and making a great fhrieking noile, they run her up in a trice into her place. This alfo is their Soldiers work, who having thus Houfed all their Galleys, return to their Land- fervice. S©me of the Souldiers are imploy'd alfo in keep- ing Watch and Ward, for the fecurity of private men, as well as in the Kings bufmefs : and the Tunquinefe are obferv d to keep good orders in the night in all Towns and Villages^ but more parti- cularly in the great Cities, amd efpecially at Ca- chao. There every Street is guarded with a ftrong watch, as well to keep filence, as to hinder any diforder. The Watch-men are armed with Staves, : and ftand in the Street by the Watch- houfes, ■ to examin every one that pafleth by. There is alfo a Rope ftretched crofs the Street brefthigh, I and no man may pafs this place, till he is examined, I unlefs he will venture to be foundly bang'd by the 1 Watch. Thefe men can handle their weapon fo ' well, that if they defign mifchief, they vvi'il dex- ' troufly break a Leg or Thigh-bone, that being the place which they commonly itrike at. There is a pair of Stocks by every Watch houfe , to lecure night ramblers in : but for a Imall piece of Money a manmay paf:^ quiet enough, and for the moft ^Ifllrjl 78 T^fti^^ corrupt^ )et foMttmes fUnfant. yfw.r^ggmofl: part only the poor are taken up. Thelc Watch- men areSoldiers,but belong to theGovernor or fome other men of great power, who will hear no complaints againft them, tho never fo juftly made: and therefore they often put men in the Stocks at their pleafurc, and in the morning carry them before a Magiltrate : who commonly fincb the Prifoners to pay fome what ^ and be it more or lefs, it falls part to the Magiftrate. Neither dui ..s any man complain of injuftice upon fuch ufagc: in this cafe efpecially ^ tho his cmfe be never fo juft : and therefore patience is in tl ibCountry as ne- celTary for poor people/as in any part of the World But notwithftanding thefe Abufes, they have one Cuftom in the adminiftring Juftice, that is plcafing enough. For if a difference or quarrel at any time happens between 2 mean men, and they are not to be reconciled without going before aMa- giftrate,he ufuallyconlidering their Poverty, lays no heavy mul(5l on the offender, but injoyns him this as his penalty, that he Ihall rreat the injur'dPerfon with a Jarr of Arack, and a Fowl, or a fmall Por- ker, that fo feafting together, they may both drown all animofity in good liquor, and renew their Friendfhip. But if it be aControverfy about aDebt^they taksa very different Method- For the Debtors are many [jcavy ] For they ;o, anc lye d fhcr fiot unli to wear ^er. T 10 or [2 picks as )'Jt mud lirther i or the ^ much at £dc the I the man {lisSlioul tither of ilioi t tinii great ma h ?, or fometimc ment.Yet the Liber Others ar( prifoners in an woi times ordered to bePrifonersin their( reditorshou(e5|<^""dly b where they are beaten, or kept with alog of wood made fafl to their Legs, to hinder them from run- ning away.Tuele poor Prifoners cat nothing butRice and drink Water,and are tyranicaliy infulted over by their rigid Creditors, tilithedebtisfarlsfted. Their Corporal Puniihments upon Malefadcrs, and feme- times upon others, are very fevere. Some are louden with Iron chains fall"ned to their Legs, with logs alfo like the Debtors.but now mention d, Others have their Necks inclolcd besween 2 greac heavy They h Ire fufpet: lave occc3 triie mail freaks out ind the le |hiscafeis pre-headi pcorching |''3ce, bef ?f pHttiJIjMcnts for CrimiftAls, 79 eavy plai.ks made like a Pillory, but moveable, W». 1688 or they can y it about with them where-evcr they ' TO, and even when they go r o i eft they are forced Jo lye down and Ileep in it as they can. \ There is another fort of punilhing inftrumcnt fiot unlike this, called a Quvgo. This alfo is made 4o wear about the neck, but is fhapcd like a Tad- )3er. The fides of it arc 2 large Bamboes, of about 10 or ri foot long, with feveral luch rounds or iticks as Ladders have to keep the lidcs afunder ; I)utmuchfliorter: for the 2 lide Bamboes are no arther afunder, than to admit of a narrow room orihe Neck; and the 2 rounds in the middle are s they have *^^^ch at the lame diftnnce from each other, on each ' jidc the Neck, forming a little Square; thro which the man looks as if he were carrying a Ladder on (lis Shoulders,with his head through the rounds, if before aMa- 1 ii^her ofthelb Yokes were to be taken off in a vertv lavs no I '^^^'^ ^^"^^> asin6, 9, or ii hours, it would be no ns him this asll^^^^ matter ; but to wear one of them a month, iur'dPerfon|*j 5> ^"^ longer, as I have been informed they afmall Por-I'^"^^^^""*^^ ^^5 fcems to be a very fevere puniih- mav both^^^"^-^^^ ^'^ iomc ccniforr to fome.that they have and renew 1*1^^ Liberty to walk abroad where they will : but I Others are both yoak'd and imprifon'd : and the lenfant. up. Thclc lieGovernor 10 will hear er fo juftly men in the Drning carry imonly fine. z it more or either dai ^ fuch ufagc: be never fo Duntry as nc- 1 ftice, that ii or quarrel at in, and they 1 :)t,they taksa orsare many ditorshouies log of wood ;m fromrun- hing butRice Ited over by •.sfted. Their rs, and feme prifoners in publick Prifons are ufed worfe than a ^lan would ule a Dog, they beiiig half ftarved and foundly beaten to boot. - They have a particular puniHiment, for fuch as Ire fufpeded to hreHoufes^or wiio are thouahit to fcave occafioned the Fire through their negled. The mafter of the Houfc, where the Fire hrli: freaks out, will hardlv clear himfelf fromfufpicion, Ind the feverity of the Law. The puniilimcnt in Some are P^"'^^ cafe is to fit in a Chair of 11 or 14 foot high, ^u^\r T pp-^ itare-heade, d; whole days fucceffively in the hot ■ mention d, 1 »^orching Sun : this Cliatr is let, tor his greater dil- ^een 2 great if'^ce, before the place where his Houlc flood. heavy Other IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 ^« I.I 2.8 ,56 |12 1^ 1 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 < 6" — ► V] <^ /} A /A .pi 5^%7# 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i Pumjhments for fever al Crimes* Other final ler Crimes are punifhed with blows, . nich we call Bambooing. The Criminal is laid flat on his belly on the ground, with his britches pluckt down over his hams : in which pofture a lufty fellow bangs his bare britch with a fplitBam- bo, about 4 lingers broad, and j foot long. The number of his blows are more or lefs, according to the nature of the crime, or the pleafure of the Magiftrate ,• yet Money will buy favour of th Executioner, who knows how to moderate hii iirokes for a fee before-hand. Otherwife his blows ufually fall fo heavy, that the poor offender may be lamed a month or two. After a man has fuifered any of thefe punifhments. he can never obtain any publick favour or employment. They have no Courts of Judicature, but any fingle Magiftrate ilTues out his Warrants for the apprehending of Malefadiors, and upon taking them immediately tries them : and as the Sentence is final, and without appeal, fo 'tis no fooner pad but 'tis executed alfo without more ado. Their punifhment in capital crimes is ufually beheading. The Criminal is carried immediately from the Ma giftrates houfe to his own : for there is no com nion place of Execution, but the Malefactor fuf- fers near his own houfe, or where the fad was committed. There h? is placed, fitting on the ground , with his body upright , and his legs liretched out : and the Executioner being pro- vided with a large CurtatJe or Backfword, and (triking a full back-blow on the neck, at one (Irokc he fevers the head from the body •, the head com monly tumbling down into the owners lap, and the trunk falling backward on the ground. Theft is not thought worthy of Death, but is punilhed with cutting off fome member, or part of a member, according to the degree of the of- fence. For fomecimes only one joynt of a Finger 2 h chop more, ' The Kingdc in offio only ge quite iic inform e way, e . They ri] one degi ploy d if place oi man is ] Kings Pi ': Mandarin. accefs to whom th is taken ( envy and commonl fuch an o Ungie feer was a nia tremely pc man foug ferred, bu nuch. H but plainh removing took up a feaually. who were J'or at all d the King ai ^as there^ fhe care of Mafter oF \ 13 *5. ith blows ninal is laid his britches li pofturea 1 fplicBam. long. The , according afure of the vouv of the loderate his lerwife his )or offender r a man has 5 can never lent. e, but any -ants for the ipon taking he Sentence fooner paft ado. Their beheading,] om the Ma- is no cora- efatftor fuf-l he fad was mg on the d his legs] being pro- word, andl It one ftroke| e head com' rs lap, andl Lind. eath, but isl if, or part of the of of a Finger 13 The Eunuch Mandarins at Tonquin. 8r is choptoflT, for other crimes a whole finger _, or^w.i6SS more, and for feme the whole hand, Ky^sf^ The Magiilrates and other great men cf this Kingdom, are called Mandarins, Mofl: of them in office about the King are Eunuchs, and roc only gelded, but alfo their members cut quite off quite flat to their Bellies. Thcfe^ as I have been informed, are all very learned men afccr cheir way, efpecially in the Laws of the Couticry, They rife gradually by their mentor favour, from one degree to another, as well they who are em- ploy d in Civil as inMilitary affairs : and fcarce place of truft or profit goes befide them. No man is permitted to walk familiarly ci* out the Kings Palace without the leave of the Lunuch Mandarins^ and for this reafbn , having fijch free accefs ro the King themfelves, and excluding whom they will^ they engrofs his favour, inis is takeji fo much to heart by feme, that tlirough envy and difcontent, they often pine away, as is commonly faid, even to death ; and I heard of fuch an one, who wns called Un^ce Thuan Dim: Ungee {ccms a title of honour among them. He was a man of great Learning in the Laws, ex- tremely politick, and mighty high fp'ritccl. Ti^,is man fought all the means imaginable to be pre- ferred, but could not for want cf b-^ing an Eu- nuch. He fretted to fee his infcnouis raifed: but plainly feeing that there was no riflug uithoui: removing that objection, he one day in a rago took up a (harp Knife, and qualify *d hinifc.-r cif- jfedually. He had a Wife and 6 or 8 Children I who were all in great fear of his life : but he was ji.'otat all difmayed, ^tho in that condition • and the King advanced him. He was living v/hen I Was there, and was a gfcat Mandarin. He had the care of the Armory and Artillery, being great iMafter of ihc King s Ordnance. ^ There if \ ■ tei'mt liJkjt li^^! F::r * m • 81 Voluntary Cafiratiffg thro ^AmhHhft, W». 168S There was another Mandarin alio, one Kw^ej vo^*^^ H^?;?, who finding himfelf baffled by the Eunuchs, was forced to make himfelf one to be upon the level with them. This Gentleman, it feems, was Lord of a Village or two , where both he and his Tenants were often plagued with the do- mineering Eunuchs, and having born their ma- lice for fomc time, and feeing no end of it, he agreed with an expert Geldertocaftrate him : for here are many in this Country^, who profefs this Art, and are fo expert at it, that they will undertake to cut a man of any Age, for (o many thoufand Calh as the man is years old. 'Tis report- ed, that they firft put the Patient into a Sleep : but how long they are curing him after the Ope- ration is over, I know nor. I heard of but Alaiiclar'ms of any grandeur in theGovernment,who were not Eunuchs. One was the Governor of| theE/r/Province^whofc Daughter was married to a Prince of the Royal Family. The other two, who were Governors of CVc^^o, werealfo married men, a id had Children, and one of thefe married the KingsDaughter.All thcM^ndarms rule with abfolute power and authority in their feveral precincSls, yet in great obedience to the King, who is as abfo- lute over them, as they are over the Common people. Thefe Eunuch Mandarins efpecially live in great ftate. Many of thefe have command of theSoul- diery, ar.d have Guards attending them at their own Houfes: there being a certain number of Sol- diers allowed to attend on each Mandarin^ accord- ing to his Quality. They are generally covetousl beyo. d meafure , and very malicious. Sonie| of them are Governors of Provinces, but all are raifed to places of truft and profit. Once every year the Mandariyts receive an Oath of Allegiance to the King, from all the principal Officers ' ! one Vn^n ; Eunuchs, upon the feems, was e both he ch the do- their ma- d of itj he I hira : for ho profefs t they will 3r lo many Tis report to a Sleep : r the Ope \ of but ; nment^who overnor of narried to a rtwo, who arried men, narried the nth abfolute ecinds, yet is as abfo- e Common live in great of the Soul- em at thdi' iber of Sol- riny accord- ly covetous ous. Some but all are ive an Oath le principal Officers \,^ Trials by litter Water in Guinea. 85 Officers under them. This is done with great/^;.i68B Ceremony: they cut the Thror.t of a Hen, iifid"*" let the Blood fall into a Balcn of Arack. Of this Arack eveiy man has a fmall draught given bini to drink, after he luis publicklydeclared his fincerity, and rcadinefs to ferve his Prince. 'Tis cUecm'd the lolemnefl tye by whichany man can ingage himfelf. This way of giving folemn potions to drink, is ufed alfo in other Countries, on different occaiions. As particularly, on the GoLl Coafi of Guinea -^ where when Men or Women are taxed for a Crime, be it of what nature ic will, but eipeciaily Adultery, and the matter cannot be proved by Evidence, the Fetijjcro or Prieit, decides the difference, by giving a Potion of bitter water, to the perfon ac- cufed : which if they refufe to take, they arc fup- pofed to be guilty without farther proof: but if they drink it off, the event is faid to be, that it the perfons be guilty, this water immediately fv/cils their bodies till they burtt • but if innocent, they are not hurt thereby. What tricks the Feti!Jcr-'s iniay play incompoufiuing this water, 1 know not: |but this kind of Try-.; is frccucnc among them, and Ifeems to be a ren'saiiidc.- ci' ihc old Jeu'ijl) T \ ai Iby the waters f jealoury. f[^.oI'v'-n ofin i'- ;t >rh IChaptcr of N//w/'i?rs. I am i.oc iuHiciently inf^iui'd |whether the event of the Tryal , bcfuchas it was |among the Javs ^ but it Icems they have a (hong perfwaiion of ir:and a guilty perlbn docs ordinarily lib dread the being brought to thisTrial^ that for :ithe molt part he or ihe choofe rather to ililfer the |punifhment of the Country, which is to be lod to ^^Europcans as biaves. This potion is called Birter- water,and 'cis given by way ofTrial upon any lighc jlufpicion even of a fmall injui y- This account I [have had fiom fevcral, who have been in Guinea. but efpecially ftom Mr. Canby. But to return to the JBunuch A'tiwdirins , t ho they ire bitter Enemies to tholb wiiom they take G JL averiion .'I ,*l if if::ops and Mrjonaries at Hean, ihc'i^ Houfi^ the Author s entertainment there^ and difcifirrfi n'ith rnc of their Pricjls. The flate of their Mijfion^ andofChrijlianity^ in thefc idolatrous Countries, His makifJg of Gnn-porvdcr. He goes en from Hean to Ca- chao, and after a fiort flay there^ back again to the Ships, Of the improvements that might be made of our Englifh Fa&ory hi e. 7 he Author s departure fom Tonquin. I Have already fpoken of my fiin" going up the River to Cachao, and my returning back again *o our Ships after a few days. There 1 lay on board for a great while, and (icKiy for the moft pare ,• yet not fo, but that itook atoat and went a/Loar one where or other almoll every day : and by this means I took as particular notice as I could of the Country, and have fapplied my own obfervations with thofe of our Merchants refiding there^ ai::d other perfcns of judgment and inte- Durin^^ this interval, Rice being dear at Cachao, 2s it h.ad been for fome time, both our Merchants and Natives were for making up a Fleet of fmall Vcirels i VefTels Provin the M for fe; dieir C ral litt Provim Capi in this ( the 7o«- with th fain ha) Ludford. our an himfelfi tain IVcl to get a JBaft-Pic 'twas ex Guns, c re lift an] fels in tl" nnd defl The pal Creeks befors-rr the EaO- nigh the they ap^ ArchipeUg nour of t ^Veldo7i h, great m< Fleet cai came for Pirates, c Thefe ah k; Voyage to Tenan to fetch Rice, tf VefTelSj to fetch Rice from the Nciglihouilnp^ ,^;;.t688 Provinces, both for their own \\{^ and to lli[)ply the Markets : and they never fzo in liiigic Veiibls, for fear of Pirates , Vvho infcit the Coafts with their Canoas, and (lielter theinfelves among I'evi-* ral little Iflaruls, lying at the edge of the Ealt- Province, and bordering upon the Province of Tcna^^ whither theCc Mercliaius were bound. Captain IVcLlun was one wlio concerned hinifelf in this expedition, hiring a V^eilcl and Seamen of the Tonquineje, and fending fome of his own men with them as a Guard,among whom I would very fiain have gone, had 1 not been indilpoled. Mr. Ludford^ who had liv'd fome time at Cachao before our arrival, was another U^idertaker, and went himfelf on board the Park he had hired ^ but Cap- tain IVeldon (laid behind at the City, yet took cai e to get a Comniiilion from the Govemour of the; Ealt- Province for his Velfel. In the Conmiiiliou 'twas exprell, that his Boat ihould be armed vviih Guns, or other Weapons, and that his men /hould re lift any that came to oppofc them, or :my Vcf- fels in their company ; and th.at they might kill and dellroy any Robbers chat they met wich. The palTage to Tl/yjw lay moit witliinLand, thro Creeks and narrow Channels, among the lllands before-mentioned, which arc lb many, and lye on the Eaft-fide of the Bay fo thick togeclier, anu fo nigh thelhoar, that ai a fmall diftance oifat Sea they appear to be part of the main. This little Archipelago lies within the piccinds of rhc Go^er- nour of the Eaft-Provincc, from whom Captain JVddo7i had hisCommiffion, and who Vv/a^^ a very great man in the Court of Tw/j^ih?, When the Fleet came to this place, fome who lay liere came forth ,• and they concluded they mult be the Pirates, come to feize their prey as at ether times. Thefe always choofe rather lo take the outwaid G J, bouiid ■I' m clref man whom he lent in his Bark, vvasaboard Mr. Ltulford's : and when the (uppofed Pirates came tp , Mr. Ludfcrd and he made the Sea^oien row the Bark to meet them, and in a Jhort time got foncar, that they lired at them. ThefeMen not cxpet'liiig to have met fuch a reception, for the Tonqttinefc have no Gun^, but in the Kings Gallies, thought to lave tlcmlllvcs by I'li^ht : but were fo eagerly purfued by Mr. /McIforJ, that at lall they yielded CO his mercy, afccr. tlie)^ liad lofl one man in hglit. lie joyful of this lliccels fecured the Prironer?,and made the beft of his courfe to the next Town on the CojII in his way ,• there deli- vering lip his Prifoners to the Magiltrates, and givinf^ a full relation of the Adion. lie expeded a rev^ard tor his pains, or at leail to be highly ap- plauded for it ; but found iiimfcif millaken. For the Prifoners obllinate'y denying wh.u was al- ledged againil them by Mr. Ludfrd^ faying they were poor Fillicrmcn, they were immediately ac- quitted as very honed perfons^ and Mr. Ludford was accufed for committing a Riot on men who were about their lawful occaiions. Mr. Ludford brouglu many oF the Natives, thijt were in his comp any, to jufiify what he had done, but to no i^urpofe ; for he was hned looooo Ct^jh^ as our Merchants call it, for the man that was killed. C^jh are a fmall kind ofCopperMoney . and 'tis the only Coin they have of their own, if it be their own, and not rather brought them from Chm. Ihev rife and fall in value according to the want or plenty of them, or as the Women-exchangers can manage them .• but at this time they were at the i the rate was ICO h\Ti\ it V clear bin t'lin K'eli Guns in and that fel, and this help whither Commif forced he got b to him, again ,• they can had bee the Ma^ but yet taken th thefe Ve ther to c ofthis ¥ that th about th theBay c Boats th generall; now anc poor Ve numbers board, £ Skin, I are pi en in them ftlliingfc he finds, ^-ife obft iraics, II of theni L-^.dings i, inly Rice, 1 regard. Pilot, the ^as aboard d Pirates ic Seaisnen hort time riiefeMcn on^forthe ;s Gallies, but were at at lall d loft- one fs fecurcd urfe to the there deli- hates, and e expelled highly ap- ken. For L^t was al- ying they lately ac- Vlr. Ludford men who Ir. Ludford ere in his ne, but to fine /n.\(^^H was ICO Dollars. When Mr. Liidfu-d faw how JKird it was like to go with him, lie thought to clear himfel'', or leflisn his hue, by bringing C/ap- vun li'eldon into the fnare • laying that he Imd no Guns in his Jiark, but made ufc of Captain li\Llo7t\^ and that Captain lVcldon\ Pilot was aboard hisVcf- icl, and aflifted \n the A(^"tion. Cut neither did this help him .-for upon trying the matter atCW;^<7, whither 'twas carried by Appeal, Captain //V/Ji;^^ Commidion faved him: fo that Mr- Litdflrd was forced to pay the Moucy, which was more than he got by the Voyage. This might be a warning to him, how he meddled with I'unquln Pirates again ,• for it was not enough for him to plead that they came with a intent to rob him. Indeed if he: had been robb'd, he might hav'^ been pitied by the Magillrates on complaint of his misfortune; but yet it is very probable, that if he ihou'd have taken them in the very fad:, poUl'ft of his goods, thefe Verminj would have had one hole or ano- ther to creep out at • fo corrupt are tlie great men of this Kingdoni. An.d indeed 'tis not improbable, that thefe fellows were Fiiliermen, and going about their bufinefs: for there is good Pilhing in all theBay oiTonqu'm clear round it,and there are many Boats that go out a fifliing and the Fidiermen arc generally very honeft: and'harmleis men ^ cxcepi now and then, they attempt to make prize of ibme poor Veflel they meet, and can overcome by their numbers without fighting • for luch an oi.c they board, and ftrip all the men naked even to thcc Skin. Among thefe Iflands alio, by repo-t, their are plenty of Pearl Oylters, that have good Pearls in them,- but the Seamen are difcouraged fic.n filliing for them by the King, for he fcizcth on aii he fmds.But this by their way i nor was any thing ^-'ife obfervablc in tliis Voy?ge to Tinov. Thcle 1 •>! I ; ^n '.J f '! l-f' i: m 90 T/jc Author s fccoftd ^Journcji up /^Cliacao. -/^w. 1(^^88 Thcfc Vcffcls were f or 6 v/ceks in their Voy- om Tt:nim : and at their leturnCaptain U'eldon's Bai k went not up to QjcIj/io with the Rice, but unladed it into our l>hip to fupply us. Soon after this I went a iecond time up to Cachao^ not in a Boat as before, but on foot along the Coun- try, being dtdrous to fee as much of it as I could : and [ hired a Tune^uimje for about aDoUar to be my guide/rhisjtho but a final! matter^was a great deal out of my Pocket, who had not above 2 Dollars m all, which 1 had gotten on board, by teaching fomeof our young Seamen Plain Sailing. This was all I had to bear my own charges and my Guide's • and 'twas the worfe with me, be- caufc 1 was forc'd to make iliort Journeys every day, by reafoiiof my wcaknefs : It was about the latter end of Nov. 1688, when we fct out. Wc kept on the Eaft-fide of the River, where wc found the Roads pretty dry, yet in fome places dirty enough. We ferry d over feveral Creeks and Brooks Vunning into the great River, where arc Ferry boats always plying,which have a few Cafli for their fa;o. The Fever and Ague which 1 brought with sno from nchln was gone : yet the Fruits I cat here, efpecially the fmall Oranges, brought me into a Flux. However, tho I was but weak, yet was I not difcouraged from this Journey, being weary of lying ftill, aiyd impa- {ienc of feeing foincvvhat chat might further tify niy cuiiolity. gra- We found nolloufes of Entertainment on the Read, yet at every Village we came we gotFIoufc- room, aiida Baibacue offplit Ban)booes to fleep onr The people were very civil, lending us an .earthen Pot to drefs Rice, or any tiling elfe. Ufuaily after Supper, if the day was notihut in, I took a ranible about the Village, to fee what vv^as worth taking notice of, efpecially the Vugcda of the t\\c plac Horfc, head lo rhcmfel it dark and the carried r the nigh but 1 ll( body di The Clock in lower a time in But I k' had not 1 1 came r mod of rl lliil, I fa were plac This ma Market, therefore to fee the my S'jppc in the A Fjiglifljj n guage:So too went knowing theTowei lidc about of it was narrower enter intc at leaft co i'Vned cl< ':llh COloU Chacao. their Voy- irnCaptain 1 the Kice, us. Soon Zachiio^ not the Couii" as I coald : ir to be my L great deal z 2 Dollaii y teaching ;harges and :h me, be- neys every s about the out. Wc where wc )me places ;r fcveral eat River, lich have a and Ague vas gone : the fniail vever, tlio iged from aifd impa- ther gra- nt on the ^,otlIoufc- es to fleep ng us an tiling clfe. : ihut in, I what vv^as igcda of the Funeral T$tver and Fcaft. 9« the phice. Tliefe had the image of citlicr nny^«.i(^88 florfe, an Elephant, or both, Handing with the head looking out of the doors : The Pn^^ochn themfelvcs were but final 1 and low. I Hill made it dark night before I returned to my lodging, and then I laid mc down to lleep. My Guide carried my Sea-gown, which was my covering in the night, and my Pillow was a Log of Wood: but 1 llept very well, tho the wcaknefs ok my body did now require better accommodation. The third day after my fetting out ^ about % a Clock in the afternoon, Haw l)cfore me a fmall Tower ; fuch as I mentioned before, as ercdedfor a time in honour of fomc great pjrfon do ceiilcd. But [ knew not then the meaning of ir, fur I I'ld noc feen the like before in the Country. As I came nearer to it, I faw a multitude of ])CopIc moft of them Men and Boys ; and coming nearer Hill, I faw agreatdeal of meat on the Stalls, that were plac d at a fmall diftance from the Tower. This made me conclude that it was fomc great • Market, and that the Flefh I faw was for fale : therefore I went in among the Crowd, as well to fee the Tower as to buy (ome of the Meat for my S'jppcr, it being now between 4 and f a clock in the Afternoon. My Guide could not fpcak FjigUpjj neither could Ifpeak the Tonqiihjcfcl.m- guage:So I askt him noquellions aboiic ic^ and he too went readily in with nie ; it may f)e not knowing my intent was to buy. I'irdi went rouDd theTower and viewed it: It wasfour-iqirare.caclV lidc about 8 foot broad : at the ground tho hcighrli of it was about 26 foot, btit at the top fomcwhac narrower than at tiic bottom. I law no door to enter into ic .• it Teemed to be very llig'-ity builr, at lead covered with tliin boards, which were all ijoyncd clofe together, and painted of a dark rcd- ^!ilh colour. I then went on to the Stalls^ which had fum ' I ff/«w Pidures hung upon the Walls. It was not long before one of the Priefts came into the Room to me, and received me very ci- villy. With him I had a great deal of d'fcourfe : he was a French Man by Nation, but fpoke S^miifi) and Vortugucfe very well. It was chiefly in S^anijh that we entertained each other, which I under- wood much better, than I could fpeak : yet I ask'd himQueiHons, andmade a fliifttoanfwer him to fuch queftionsas he asked mc ,• and when I was at a lofs in my Spajjijlj, I had recourfe to Latin, having iiill fonie fmatterings of what I learnt of it at School in my youth. He was very free to talk with me, and firlt asked me my bufinefs thither? I told him that my bufmefs was to Cachao, where I had been once before : that then I went by Water, but now I was moved by my curiofity to travel by Land, and that I could notpafsby any European without a Vifit, efpecially luch a famous place as this. He asked me many other queflions, and particularly if I was a R6man Catholick ? I told liim nOj but falling dien into difcourfe about Re- ligion, he told me what Progrefs the Gofpel was like to make in thefe Eaflern Nations. Firft he began with the Nicohar Illands, and told mc what Ihave related of that matter, in the i7Chap- tor o£ my Voyage rcund the iFor Id J page 177, for this was the peribn 1 there quoted, and from whom I liad that Relation; as he told mc he had it from tlie iVi.ir, who wrote toliimfiOiU Fort St. George. Buc thit T/;c A's, Difconrfe with a French Miffionary, 95 that Friar having been a PalTenger in Captain /^w. 1688 ^Ke/^yw's Ship, from one of the JV/Vo^^r Jflands to tort St. George, I askt the Captain*s opinion of that relation, fince my writing that Book, and he gave me a quite contrary account of the people of N/- cob^r ; that they were a very perverfe, falfe, thievi/h people, and did not deferve the good charader the Friar gave of them. But to proceed with the difcourfe I had with I the French Prieft at Heari. He told me, that in iJ Siam the Golpel was in a very fair way to receive incouragement by the means of a French Bifliop there, and feveral Ecclefhiflickshe had with him there to aflifl: him : that the great Minifter of State, Confiant Falcon, had embraced the Ro- \ mipj Faith- and that the King was very much I inclined to it, the Courtiers alio Iteming well enough pleafed with it. InfoniiMch that 'twas hop'd, that in a Ihort time the whole Nation would be converted : and that tho the Country people in general were agiiinlt it, yet by the ex- ii'iiple of the King and his Court, the reft might come over by degrees : tU)ccially becaufe the Priefts had free Toleration to ufe their endeavours. As for Tonquln^ he told me that the people in ge- neral were inclined to embrace the Chrlfiian Faith, I but that the Government vvas wholly averle to it : that the Miilionaries who lived here did not open- ly profefs to be Teachers of their dodrine, but that they lived here under the notion of Mer- chants, and not as Clergy- men j that this vvas a great obftacle to Chriftianity, yet nevertheleis they found ways to draw the people from their Ignorance : that at prefent they had about 14000 Converts, and more coming in daily. He told me, that here were two Bilhops, 1 think both French VL\Qi\ ', one of them was entitled the Bifhop oiAjcalony the other of /y^ir^w j and that here were ten 1 m ■'if '1 IflliS 1 i 1 v- ;,r U: i , I' r 96 5/^/e of the Miffions at Tonquin, &c. An.i6Sry ten Piiefts of Euyope.and three more of the Natives o^Tonquin, \v[\o had been ordain'd Popilh Priefts. JButfince, I have been informed thatthefe French BiJliops were notfufFer'd to live at Cachao ; neither may they at any time go thither without Licence from the Governour ; and fuch a Licence alfo muft be procur'd by the favour of fome Mandarin who lives at Cachao^ for whom the Bifhop or other Miflionary is to perform fome trivial work or other. For the Miffioners living here are purpofe- ly skiird in mending Clocks, Watches, or fome Mathematical Inftruments, of which the Country people are ignorant ,• and this gives them the op- portunity of being often fent for to Cachao by the Mandarins ' and when they are there, a fmall job that would not require above j oi 6 hours to per- form, they will be twice as many days about , preteni^ing great difficulty in the work ; by which nreans they take their liberty, privately to teach their Difciples that live there ; and then alfo they enjoy themfelves with the EngHjlj and Dutch Mer- chants, to whom they are always welcome. * As to the Converts thefe people have made, I have been credibly informed that they are chietiy of the very poor people • and that in the (c.irce times, their Alms of Rice have converted more than their preaching; and as to thofo a'fo who have been converted, as they call it, that is, to Beads and new Images^and belief in thePope,they have fallen off again, as Rice grew plentiful, and ivould no longer be Cliriftians than while the Priefb adminilired food to them. Yet I cannot think but that thefe people,who have luch notions ofafupreme Deity, might by the induftry and example of good men , be brou>^,ht to embrace the Chriflian Faith. But as things ftand at pre- fen t, ic leemsvery improbable that Chriftianiry should fructify there." for as the Englijl) and Dutch Obflacles to Chrifiiamty among the Idolaters^ 97 Dutch in thefe parts of the world are -too loole^^w. 1688 Livers to gain reputation to their Religion, fo areU^V^^ the otiier Ettropeans, I mean the Miflionary Priefts, efpeciallythePi?rr«^//e/e3but very blind Teachers. But indeed as thcR^wanifis arc the only men who corn- pals Sea and Land to gain profelytes, fo they may feem to have one advantage oveiPrnor whether the Boat went quite up to C^JA'jr. I was now 5- or 6 1 lile iliort of the City, but inal good path : for the Land here was pretty high, le- vel and Sandy, and the Iloid plain and dry, audi I reached Cachao by Noon. I prefcntly went to one Mr. Fcvyers Houfe, who was a free Mwchantl with whom Captain l'VcidG7i lodgec! ,• and iiaid with them a few days : but lb weak with my FluxJ which daiiy cncrealcd; tliac I was fcarce able to gal o.. bignefs of a fely to carry ver-head to V'ere40r^ lis Tide full )ut 2.0 Men id us. The themfelvcs, m : but the hewing any yet all very of them at to reft long s let a (Lore lace, where : Rivers fide, hted, Arack \ other Pro- For thefe nd probably :ngers. We sntred again The paiien- . or Singing, crying ; bu: lid converfe St day I was Two Bells to he fentfroM Tonquin to Si.im. loi goabout i and fo was foiceci to learn hv fathers Jyv';;.|^'^ 83 a great meafurc , fcvcral particuki'S relating; ro ^^-^ ^^ this place. This my weakntib, jcyiicd with niy difappointment, fori found rluT 1 was nor like to beimp'oyedin any Voyagj to the Ncigiibouriii^^ Count, ies, as it had been propofcd to me, mac'e n:e very defirous of returning back again, as fcou as might be : and it happened opportunely, than Captain IVeldon liad by this rime done his balincrs, and was preparing for his departure. I went therefore down the Jliver again to our f Ships, in a Vclfel our Merchants had hired, to Scarry their Good^ aboard {\QmCtichiio, Among Jother freight , there were i lielis of abouc Jpo weight each, which had been caft at CWj^z^^ by 'thcTon^^ismcfe^ for my Lord Rilcon^ the King o^' .wWs chief Miniftei- of ^tare, and for the uIj of ^fifiome of the Chiiftian Churches in Si^im. The per- lofj who befpoke them and was to cany tlicm was Captain BnWjhr^ who had not very h^ng before come from Siam m a:^hip ofrliat Kings, and had been call" away on the Coaft o^To^jqaln^ bur had faved moftof his Goods. With thefe he traded at 'acloaOj and among other goods he had purchafed to return with to Slam, were thefe 2 l^ells, all vhiclihefent down to Ije put on board Capraia remained inH^^'^^^''^^'^'^ '^^^'P* ^'^^^ ^ '^^ Bark was nofooner come und 1 knowB^o Hecm^ in going down the River, but the Gover^ lorof Hean$ Oiiicers come on board theJkik and eized the 2 Bells in behalf of the chief of the Ek^/;/J; Factory; who underltanding they were de- igned for the Kingof 67^w, which they were not b fare of as to the reft of the gcods, and the '£?;- ^ /.^j being then at War with the Siamcrs, he made iHS his pretencf* for fcizing them, and got tha jovernor to aflift him with his Authori-.y : and he Bells were accordingly carried aihore, and ip to Cac]m< cy, but in a tty high, le- nd dry, and tly went to 20 Merchant and ftaid ith my Flux, irce able to ept at IhaTi, This was tl iught a very ftrangs H action ■t - Opportntjfths of Trading to Tapan. /!;2.!6:'3 adion of the chief of the Fadory, toleize Goodjl *^'^yr^^ r.s belonging to the King ofSiam, while they were inaJxiver of Tvne^uin : but he was a perfon but mc:iii:y qualilieti for the (lation he was in. Indeed had he been a man of Spirit, he might have been ici vicCc.blc in getting a Trade with Japan, which| is a very n^^- ^e, and much coveted by the £ hei-x; alio are not io great, but relblution and inJuftry uouid overcome them ; and the profit would abundantly compenfate the trouble. But to proceed, we found there was no reco- vering the Bells : fo we fell down fiom liam to our Ships ; and Captain IVildon coming to us in a few days and Captain Brcwfier wicu him, to go as a P^jffenger in his Ship, toge- ther with one or two more; and the 2 Ships who came with us being alfo ready for their departure, we all weigh sd anchor, and took leave o^Jon^uw^ H 4 CHAP, lo4 ^^^ Author's depart nrc from Tonquin. ,; ^\\i\i /«.i688 .';i;'':>;i C II A P Vf. They fet fail oat of the Buy ^/Tonquin Of the R» and Country of Cambodia .* ofC\\v r\ik riratc^' fettled there, and the Buggafles a fort of Soldiers tender the King ^/Siam, both r Oft ted by the Englifh in hisfervice. They paff hy l^'alo Condore, arc in fear of the King of Siam, and enter the Strcights of Malacca tj/ B. ewers ^S'/re/cji//. They arrrue at Malacca. The Story of C.iptain Johnfon ; his buying a Pcjfcl at Malacca, and going over io Bancalis, a Town on the oppofite Coajl of Sumatra, to buy Pepper, His Mnrder by the Malayans the^e, and the narrow efcape of his Men and VeffcL The State of Trade in thofe parts^ and the Rcfiraint pntuponit. Captain Johnfon*^ Vejjel brought to Malacca hy Mr, Wells. The Authors departure from Malacca, and arrival at Achin. IT was the beginning o? February i68| when we lefc this Country. We went over the Bar ? Ships in Company , the Rainbow Captain Poo/ Com- mander bound for London, and Captain Lacy iu the Sapbire bound for Fort St. George, and I was in Captain WtUuns Ship the Curtane, bound thither alio. We kept Company fome time after our de- parture from To?2ij.'iin, and having an Eafterly Wind we kept more to the middle of the Bay oi Tonqti'm, or towards the Eaiiern fide, than when we cntred : by which means we had the opportu- nity of founding as well in the middleof t he Bay 110 w ]?. a^id K. bodia foems to be mucli fuch a kind of Country within Land, as the lower parts of Jowywiw : low Land, very woody, and little inhabited, lying on each lidc a great River, than comes from the North a great way, and falls into the ?^ea over againfl Vulo Condore. I know not the particular produd of Camhudia, but in the VefTels mentioned in my former Vol. p. :>99i as taken ac ?nlo Uby, and which came thither from Cambodia \ there were befidesRice,Dragons Blood, Lack, in great JarSjbut it lookt blackilh and thick ; and the yellow purging Gum, which we from thence call Cawbodi^y in great Cakes, but I know not whence they get it. This River and Kingdom (if it bo onej is but little known to our Nation: yet fome Ew!^/i/7; men have been there ; particularly Captain V/illiams and Captain Hov^al, the lailofwhomi came acquainted with fome time after this at Furt St. George, and I had of him the following account, the particulars of which I have alfo had confirmed by the Seamen who were with them. Theie two Captains, with many more E;?^//j7; men, had been for fome time in the fervice of the ls.ing of Siam^ and each of them, commanded a fiOUC .1^1 ,\ ^T 'I I lo5 chine fe Pirates in. the R. of Carabodia. '''^n.i6i:^.\\out Frigot of his, mann'd chiefly with Englijh^ andi ibme Portuguefe born at Siam. Thefe the King of Siam (cnt againft fome Pyrates, who made fpovlj of his Subjects Trading in thefe Seas,, and neftJ ed themfelves in an Ifland up the River o£ Cambodia, \ Captain Howe I told me, that they found this River very large, efpecially at its mouth,* that 'tis deep and navigable for very great Vefl'els, 60 or 70 Leagues up, and that its depth and widenefs extended much further up, for ought he knew; but fo far they wei-it up, att'iistime, with thdr Sliip?. The Couife of tlie R*ver is generally from Norrh to South : and they found the Land low on each lide, with m.iny large creeks and brancheSj and in fome places coiiildcrable Iflands. They bended their Ccurfe up that branch which feem'd moftconfiderabie, h-^.vl.ig the Tyde of flood with them, and the River commonly fo wide, as to give them room to turn, or make Angles, where the bending of the River was fuch, as to receive a contrary Ealt, or South Eaft Sea Wind. Thefe reaches or beiidiiigs of the River Eaft and Well were very rare • at leaft fo ns to make their Courfe be againli the Sea wind, which commonly blew in their Stern, and fo frelb, that with it they could ftem the Tydc of Lbb. But in the night when the Land winds came, they anchored, and lay Hill till about 10 or 11 a Clock the next day, at which time the Sea-breeze ufually fprangup again, and enabled them to continue their Courfe, till they came to the Ifland, where the Pirats inha- bited. They prcfcntly began to fire at them, and landing their men, routed them, nrid burned their iioufcs and FortifiCuiiuns, and taking many pri- foncrj returned again. Thefe i'iratical; People v*/ere by Nation Chincff, who when the Tartars co.n -^ue>,cd their Country, fled from thence in their own Ships : as choofing rather 7he Pirates canied to Macao /// China. 107 rather to live any where fiee, than to fubmic toAn,i6S^ the Tartars. Thefe it feenis in their flight bent their Couife towards this Country, and Hnding the River of C/?wW/rt open before them, they made bold to enter, and fettle on the Ifland before men- tioned. There they built a Town, and fenced it round about with a kind of Wood-pile, or Wall of great Timber Trees laid along of the thicknefs of 5 or 4 of thefe Trees, and of about as muny in heighth. They were provided with all forts of Planters inflruments, and the Land hereabouts was excellent good, as our Englljh men told me, fo that 'tis like they might have lived here happily enough, had their inclinations led them to a quiet Life : but they brought Arms along with them, and chofe to ufe them, rather than their liJhu- ments of Husbandry : and they lived therefore moftlyby rapin, pillaging their Neighbours, who were more addi(!ted to traffick than fighting.Buf'the King of ^/^wiSfeibjeds having been long harrafled by tliem at Sea , he firfl lent fome Forces by Land, to drive them out of their Fort : till not fucceeding that way, he entirely Routed them by fending thefe 2 Ships up the River. The 2 Knglijh Captains having thus effeded their buiinefs, re- turned out of the River with many Prif oners : but theSouth Weil Monfoon being ah'cady fetin, they could not prefently return to 6Vrt^,///; money y^«. 1688 aboard, for which one may purchafe a good ^-^"^^-^ Sloop here : for the Datcb^as I have before obferv'd, do often buy Proe-bottoms for a fmall matter, of I the Malayans^ efpecially of the people of J'hore^ and convert them into Sloops, either for their own ufe, or to fell. Of thefefort of Velfeis therefore \i\-\Q Dutch men of Malacca have plenty, andean afford good pennyworths, anddoubtlefs it was for this reafon that Captain Johnfon came hither to purchafe aSloop.Here he met with a bugain, not |fuch aProe-bottom reformed, but an old ill Ihaped [thing, yet fucli a one as pleafed him. The Dutch jman who fold him this Veilel told him withal that I the Government did not allow any fuch dealings |withthe£wg/i/fe, tho they might wink at it : and that therefore the fafeft way for them both to keep Ottt of trouble, would be to run over to the other fide the Streights, to a Town C2i\\tdi Bancalls on \Sunfatra; where they might fafely buy and fell, or [exchange without any notice taken of them. Cap- I tain jFoy&?2/o» accepting the offer, they failed both together over to Bancalis^ a Malayan Town on that Coaft, commanding the Country about it. There they came to an anchor, and Captain Jch?;]}?} I paying the price agreed on for the Vclfel, he had her delivered to him. Th^ Dutchman immediately returned over to Malacca again, leaving Captain ^Johnfon wkh 2 Velfeis under his Command, zJz. i the Sloop that he brought from Be7icoolj, and this new bought VelTel. The Ea:cQoly Sloop hs fcnt into a large River hard by, to Trade with the Malayans for Pepper, under the Command of Mr. Wdli. He was no Seaman, but a pretty intelligent I perfon, that came firft out of England as a Soldier, to ferve the Eafi India Company in the lilandViW/ij Hdena.HQ lived fometime very meanly in thatliland: but having an afpiring mind, he left that p: or, but hcalthv Si ■ ^ll i M h'ifi •# III LafcarV, attd other Seaf^en in the EzfilnaiQi /fif.i688 healthy place^toferve theCompany atBewcoJ/'which * tho 'tis accounted the mod unhealthy place of any that we Trade too, yet the hopes of preferment engaged him to remove thither. After fome (lay there, he was fenc with Captain Johnfon to aflift him in this Pepper expedition ; more becaufe he could ufe his Pen, than his Hands in Sea fervice. He had ? or 4 raw Seamen with him, to work the Sloop up into the River. Captain Johnfon ftayed near Eancalis to fit his new Veffel : for with other necelTaries fhe wanted a new Boltfprit , which he intended to cuthcre, having a Carpenter with him for that purpofe ,• as alfo to repuir and fit her to his mind. He had alfo a few other raw Seamen, but fuch as would have made better Landmen, they having ferved the King of 5;/7was Soldiers: and they were but lately come from thence with the French, w ho were forced to leave that Country. But here \n t\\Q Indie s^om Engl i}\ are forced for want of better^ to make uie of any Seamen fuch as they can get, and indeed < ur Merchants are often put hard to it for want of Seamen. Here are indeed Lafcars or hdim Seamen enough tobe hired ;and chefe theyotten make ulc of: yet they always covet an Englijh mai? or 2 in a Veflel to aflift tlicm. Isiot but that thefe Lafavs arc fome of them indifFeri.nt good Sailers, and might do well enough: but an Englijljimn will be accounted more faithful, to be employed on mat- ters of moment ,• bcfide the more free Converfation that may be expedkci fiom them, during the term of the Voyage. So that tho oft times their £;^^^//jIj men aic but ordinary Sailers, yet they are pro* moced to fome charge of wlich they could rot be fo capable any vy'.ici e but in the E^fi Indies. Thele Seamen would be in a manner wholly ufelefs in Eitrcpe, where we meet with more frequent and hard ilormSj but here they fervo indifierent well, ci- Cap efpccia! enough Mr./ Johnjon calis To there be purpofe. cut it dc it the fi ! The ;d 1 : armed A evening out for t approacl This pui they wei inhabitei indeed a! but little fore all p( with thei then the] There fej Sloop of their were nov^ They ch^ on their^ Malaya7Js. Muskets : Caduce b fear of an guard, th iilently to or yc met Jarknefs c •hey were '^t'ivcd the aft Indies, :0(>//;which lace of any preferment fome (lay m toaffift becaufe he ka (ervice. 1, , to work lin Johnfon I : for with Boltfprit , I Carpenter repair and other raw lade better g of Siam as ;ome from :ed to leave , our Englijli luie of any ndeed < ur )r want of Uan Seamen n make uic p or 2 in a lefe LajCiVn jailers, and nan will be ed on mat- Dnverfation ig the term eir Engl'ip ;y are pro- ould rot be ies. Thele ufelefs in :qucnt and erent well, Capt. Johnfon// 1{/Ilcd hy ths Malayans. 113 efpecially to go and come with the xMonfoonsj but //;/.i<^88 enough of that. ^.^Y^^O Mr. If^ells being gone to purchafj Pepper^ Capt. Johnfon went aftiore about ) or 6 leagues from 7>V/«- calis Town with his Carpenter, to cut a Boltfprit ; I there being there plenty of Timber Trees fit for his purpofe. He foon chofc one to his mind, and cut it down. He and his Carpenter wrought on it the firft and fccond days without moleltation. The ;d day they were both fet upon by a band of armed Malayans , who killed them both. In the evening the Sailers who were Icfc aboard, lookt out for their Commander to come off: but night approached without feeing or hearing from him.- This put them in fome doubt of his lafety ,• for they were fenlible enough, that th^ M^'^lajans th?x inhabited thereabouts were very treacherous : as indeed all of them are, efpecially thofe who have but little Commerce with Strangers: and there. • fore all people ought to be very careful in dealing with them, fo as to give them no advantage ; and then they may Trade fafe enough. There were but 4 Seamen aboard Captain Jcfjn- fo?2s Sloop. Thefe being terrified by the iibfence of their Commander, and fufpeding the cru li, were now very apprehenfive of their own fafetics. They charged their Guns, and kept tliemfelves on their guards expeding to be aliaulted by the Malayans. They had 2 Blunderbulfes, and ; or4 Muskets : each man took one in his Hand, with a Caduce box at his wafle, and looked out ihupfcr fear of an Enemy. While they were thus on thei: auard, the Malayans in 6 or 8 Canoes, came very i;!ently to attack the Sloop. They Vv^ere about 40 or ^G men, armed with Lances and CrelTes. The darknefs of the night favour'd their defigns, and «hey were even aboard before the Seamen per- ;iv ed rhern. Then thefe began to Fire_, and the 1 Enemy '*;'■/ i! h' r. W a^ :■!,;? ! 1 4 I^is Men wake a brave defence. r^;;.f ^88 Enemy darted their Lances aboard, and boarding >^'\^^ the Vcirel, they entered her over the Prow. The Seamen refolutely defended her, and drove them overboard again. Of the 4 Seamen, iweredef- peraiely wounded in the hrft attack. The Malaj- ans rook frcfh Courage and entered again ; and the 2 Seamen who were not wounded, betook them- I'elves to clofe quarters in the Steerage ; and there being Loop holes to fire out at, they repulled the Ma'ayans again, forcing them into their Canoas. Tiicirbcliici. being now pretty lull, they returned ahore, withouthopes of conquering the Sloop. The poor Seamen were Hill in fear, and kept watch all night,- intending to fell their lives as dear as they could, if they had been attached again. For they might not, neither did they expec^t quarter, from thcle Salvage Malayans : but they were no more alfaulted. Thei'e two that were wounded, dyed in aihort time. The next day the 2 Seamen got up their anchor, and run as nigh the Town o^lfatjcjis as they could, it may be within half a mile. There they an- chor d again, and made figiis for the People to come aboard. It was not long before the Shaban- t'cyo: chief iVIagiflrare of the Town came off: to him they told all their misfortunes, and defired him to protect them, bccaufe tlicy were not of fufficienc ihcngth to hold out ugainft another attack. The ^haha?2i.kr leemed very lorry for what had hapned, and told them withal, tlvu he could not help what was pad, for that the People that did it were wild unruly Men, not fubjed to Government, and that it was not in his power to fupprefs them : but that as long as they lay there fome of his men ihould l\e aboard to fecure the Ship, and he, in the mean time, wl J lend a Canoa to their con- ibrt Mr./K(^//j, to give him an account how things went. Accoidir-g y Ii6 kft 10 cr 12 of his own Ma Malays ten by 1 have in aRi Itw; He Iiat they fi his me J 2 Seam difafter fuch a Pepper any on^ that no tiieir p'j were ni as inde^ der it, theyfhc Such {n or proc by the them : pal oft parted by the i to depi daring is by thi drive a by it a ar-d the the Co I where Bancalis the re enough. Trade, )oarding V, Ihe ve them /ere deC- iQ Malay and the ok them- md there LiHed the • Canoas. returned oop. The watch all ras they lin. For quarter, were no wounded, ir anchor, ey could, they an- People to le Shaban- ne off : to sfired him ifufficienc ack. The d hapned, not help id it were vernment, refs them : of his men and he^ in their con- low things of his own Ma- The Pepper Tra !e in thefe p.trts. 1 1 5- Malayans -dhocwd the Bark, and fcr.t a Letter W:it- Am68"3 ten by the Seamen to Mr. lf\'lls ^ uii;> \va>, as w^-'-^.v 1 have faid, dealing with the N.itives tor Po-pper, in a River at (bme dilrance. It was 2 or ; days before Vfr. Jl^JIs cimc to r' cm. He had not then received the Letter, and thercfoic they fufpeded the ShahajhLr of fallhood ,• tho his men were yet very kind, and ferviccablc to the 2 Seamen. Mr. IVells had tieard notliing of their difafters, but returned for want of Trade ,• at lealfc fiich a full Trade as he expeded. For tho here is . Pepper growing, yet not fomucli as might alkirc any one to feek after it : for the Dutch are fo near, that none can come to Trade among them but by their permifiion. And tho the Natives themfc.ves were never fo willing to Trade with any Nation, as indeed they are, yet the /)«f<:,^ could foon hin- der it, even by deftroying them, if in oider to it they fhould fet themfeives to produce much Pepper. Such fmall quantities as they do at prcfent raife up, or procure from other parts of the llland, is lickc by the Dtitch^ or by their fi lends of /^^wc^/ix for them : for the Town of aficalls being the princi pal of thefe ;;arts, and fo nh)\ Malacca^ as only parted by the narrow Sea or Stre'igbti^ tis vilited by the Dutch in their fmall VeiTels, and feems wholly to depend on a Trade with that Nation, not daring to Trade with any befiJes: and I judge it is by the frieudlliipof this Tovviij that the Dutch drive a fmall Trade for Pepper in chefc parc^ and by it alfo vend many their own Commodities : ar.d thefe alfo trading with their Neighbours into the Country, do bring their Commodities hither, where the Dutch come for them. Tlie people of ^^wc«//V therefore, tho they are Malayans^ as the reft of the Country, yet they are civil enough, engaged thereto by Trade : for the more Trade, the more civility ; and on the contrary, I - tht i m B 1 m \m f 1 1 1 6 Opprcjjion^ A prejudice to Trade. /}«.i6SSthe Icfs Trade the more barbarity and inhumanity, lor Trade luis a ftrong influence upon all people, who have found the fvveet of it, bringing with it fo many of the Convenicncics of Life as it does. Aijd I believe that even the poor Americans ^ who have not yet taflcd tiie fweetncfs of it, might be allured to it by an lionefl and juft Commerce * even fuchof ijs them do yet I'ccm to covet no more than a bare fubfidar.ce of me t aj^d drink, and a clout to cover their nakednefs. That laigc Continent hath yet Millions of inhabitants, both on the Alexl- c^« and IV//^'; imanity. 1 people, with ic it docs. 7w/, who night be :e* even lore than a clout ontincnt he Alexi- orant of did they hey live of the ; places^ they are when ithTrade preflion: :k, and a 'e remote rent run the de- , of their ) be ruled nd y^'va laving in lofe, and :o them- 2 Natives becaufe at their lort, and ;r Trade, : greateft lis Plant, /ith any, who T/j€ Malayans in fear of tic Dutch. who would come to Trade with them, notwith- ftandingthe great endeavours thcD//rt/j make againit it; for this iriand is fo large, pcpulous, and pro- duc5tive of Pepper, that theD//;t/j are not able to draw all to thcmlclves. Indeed this place about Bancalis, is in a manner at thr'w dcvoiion ; and fur ought I know, it was througli a dcli^n of being revenged on the Dutch that Captain Johfrcn loll his life. 1 find the A/^/^^^wHn general, arc implacable Enemies to the Dutch ; and all fcems to f[^iin^ from an carnefl: dcfire they have a free Tiadc, which is reftrained by them, not only here, but in the Spice Iflands, and in all orher places, where, they have any power. But "tis fiecdoni only mull be the means to incourage any of thcfc icmotj people to Trade ,• cfpeciiily lucli of t!iem as arcin- duftrious,and whole inclinations areb:nt this way,* as moft of the y^/^/ok the uc- iig to give they were .. llicie- to delire >s over to oflcred to 3t neither e l.ini thG (] i.r,t daic Tlicn Mr. ic Pepper and burn ) Malacca, itly went s Chell , :y. I'his found of In a very here they gltjl Ship, neither ^r farther, ared Mr. to Achln : fail^and His arrhal at AcKir). 119 wc both arrived nt //<•/;/>;, and anchored in the //«..<.- ^' Road, about the beginning of A/mc/; 16S9. !Tcrc I took my leave or Captain IVAdon^ and oF my friend Mr. //j//, who went witli us toTovqu'n^ and I went alhorc, being very weak witli my I'liix, as I had been all the Voyage. Captain Jl'dd.n cifered me any kindnefs that lay in his Power at /%;•; 6>. (jeorge, ifl would gowith him thither: but f choCv ratherto ftay here, having romefmall acquaintance, than to go in that weak condition, to a place where J was wholly unknown. Bur Mr, Hall wax with Captain IVt'IJcu to Fort St. (ieoiie^ and from thence in a Ihorc time returned to Kvo-JarJ i 1 th.c IVilliamfon oi London, I4 CHAP. ge, Cap- JWalacca, /here he ge. Wc of AcL'fj, :t!y after wc '-I u II ' H w I' 110 u i ^^'«.i6;i8 N Km v-->^-%^ 1, j ■ t' .. ■ 1 II u^ .1 1 f ' V/ t C ' ,! '■ m |#!, ti ii •mmi n HF " BiilXIRI •m-i WMi ill m 1 1 K' Ty5e CoHntry ofkc\\\n defcrih^d. CHAP VII. The Cour?iry of (\c\\\n defcriled ' its Situation and E X fart, Gol Jen Mount, and the Nei^h- hoiit ' - J Or- of Way iU:d Gomez, &c. making fcverulibiwniy. i^y^u the Road of AcKiu.The Sod of the Ccnii:ient :, Trees and Frnits , far^ t/rnfarly ilc Mmgaftan and Pumple^nofe. Their .''.ot^^ Herbs^ and Drifgs^ the Herb .C;iTi^i or Bmg, ^W Camphirc ; the Pepper of Sumcitwi. and Goldofhchiri, TheBeajis^ - Fcn^K and Fijh. 7 he People^ their Temper^ H-ihits^ liuilding.^, C ity ^/ Achin, and Trades. The Uiishandry^/ifcry^ Carpenters^ and Yly- ingProcf. The Money-changers^ Coin and IVc/ghi.-. Of the Gold' Mine?. The Merchants who conrto Ac! 'in .* and of the Chinele Canq or Fair, The rvafl^ing it fed at A cli i n . A Chi - nefe Rcnegado, P/fnifinjenfs for Theft and other Crime;- Tic Government of Achin ^ of the f^icen^ Oror.keys or Nobles 5 and of 4 he Slavery of the People, 1 he State kept by the Eaftern Princes, A Civil War tero ^ueen. The A, Extent zr Upt ,f. and the other Englifli v? a fright^ upon d feiLure made of a Moors Sbif) /y an Englilli Captain, The weather ^ floods^ and heat dt Achin. EEirg now arrived ^t Achi?j rgain, I think in;cr J arnifi to give the Reader Ibiiie iliort account of vvhacoblcrvutioiij Iniidc of tliuc City and Conn- tiV. V. T ^Fman\ of Sumai that Ifla point of towards Leagues Leagues Kingdoi are lefs liftle ; : dom, ei That W tainous : of the ' cxtremit it fclf, a not alto where c Country Tliere cipcciall Mount : Natives, near the Lut 5" 01 h\rge at head ,• \i ;j or 4: faw con mentior Landjth by U5^ f( ' in the S' Malayan pretty I cl:is Go! I as that . Situation 'he Neigh' :c. makjfig \Q\(\\iThe iits :, par* iple*nofe. the Herb the Pepper Hk Dcajis^ r rewper^ id Trades, ', and Fly- Coin ami Merchants nele Cam^ A Cav Theft and A chin 5 of ef 3 and 1 he State C/iii War The A. ht^ itpon ii n Engliili d heat ill hiiik ir i;r.r ■t accoiii;'. and Coun- r.iV. "Extent of the Kingdom of Achin. Golden Mount* 1 2 1 ffy. This Kingdom is the largcfl and bed peopled ^';7.i^8j5 ^Fmany fmail or.es, that are up and down tliC lllc o{ Sumatra^ and it makes the North VVeO end Oi that llland. It reaches Faflvvard from that N. VV. point of the Ifland, a great way along the >^hore, ids th 6' towards the btreights oi Malacca^ for about fo oi Leagues. But from Diamovd point ; which is about 40 Leagues from Aching towards the borders of the Kingdom, the Inhabitants^ tho belonging to ykhin^ are lefsin fubjedtion to it. Of thefc i can fay but lirtlc ^ neither do 1 know the bounds of this King- dom, either within Land, or along die Wed Coalh That Weft fide of the Kingdom, is high and moun- tainous: as is generally the reft of tlic WcW Coaft of the whole (Hand. The point alfo of yiVii;;, or extremity of the 1(1 and, is LLigh Land : but Achin it felf, and the Country to the Laftvvard, is lower, not altogether deftitute of fmall Hills, and every where cf a moderate heighth , and a Champion Country, naturally very (it for Cultivation. There is one Hill more remarkable than ordinary, cipccially to Seamen. The Ev^l/jh call it the (yoUcu Mount : but whether this name is given it by tlie Natives, or only by the Englijhy I know not, 'I'i'i near the N- W. end oF the Ifl uid ,• and /V/.'.-r-^ ftands Lut 5* or 6 mile f.on? tlie bo:rom of it. lis vciy \. large at the foot, and runs up fmalter to^virdi the head ; which is raifed fo high, as to be {^no the Streights of Malacca^ or any Country to the Eaft of thof:: Strciglit?, and v/fcwr/^'. There is goodriding in p. Rondo, 1 the Conti. der itsjurif. • and thefe 1 is this Puh yQ of Ifland^, . It is alfo 3 by Male- tchin. This, s in a fcmi- neter. Puk mile Wefl Ti the N. W. '.z,, and the withChan- n, for Ships ;p water. All , or coming hro one or (e fhippinj; )ne of thcie ft, is calhd 'ez. and Pula re are other called Td) and, not a lyes almoil ; N. E. part Pulo Gomez. er fide, bu: in the Weft 1 el J becaufc »ming from s in and out O^Sumatru idc: which Achm to the the Eaft of good riding in \ The Siil here, arjd at E. Coker /;; Somerlet. 125 \in all this Semicircular Bay between the Iflands and ^4;?. 1688 \Su?natra : but the Koad for all Ships that come to \y>{>^ yichin is near the Sun:(itra Sb;ore, within all the IlLinds. There they anchor at what diftancesthey pieafe, according to the Monfoons or Seafons of the Year. There is a fmall Navigable River ccmes out into the Sea, by which Ships tranfport their Commodities in fmaller Veffels up to the City. The mouth of this River is 6 or 7 Leagues from T'hIo RoTido, and; or 4 from FidolVaj, and near as naDy from Vulo Gowez. The Iflands iire pretty high Champion Land, the mould bkick or yellow, the^oyl deep and fat, producing h'rge tall Trees, fii for 2ny ules. There are brooks of water on the 2 great illar.ds o^ Iv'ay and Gomez-, and feveral forts cf wild Animals ,• cipecially wild ilogs in abun- dance. The Mold of this Continent is different according to the natural poficion of it. The Mountains are Rocky, efpecially thofe towards the Weft Coaft ; et moft that I have feen feems to have a fuperfi- iil covering of Larth^naturally producing Shrubs, "mall Trees, or pretty good Graf?. The Imall nils are moft of them cioathed vviili V,''oods, the recs whereof feeni by their growth to Ipring from t uitful Soyl: the Champion Land, hicii as I avc ieen, is feme blnck, fomegrey, fomercddi/hj nd all oF a deep mold. But to be very p iicicular thefe thiiigs, efLccially in all my Travels, is more an lean pretend to ; tho it may be I took as much ;ticc of the difference of Soil as i met with it, as moft Travellers have done^ having been l)red my youth in Scmer/Lt/hlre , at a place called E^fi :r near 2l'6t77 or Evil: In which Pariih th ere an 'eat variety oF Soil, as I have ordinaiily met e, viz,, blaci:, red, yellow , findv. y wn l^ny, clay, morafs, or fwampy, d^c. I had tiie cafonco take iioricc of this, Lccai.fc this Vi!» M ^} irir ■> f i: nor all thcfe Tenants, had thciirown L^md fcatter- ing in fini'il pieces, up and dovvn (eve.al forts of T.and in the Paiilh : io chic every one had fomi piece of every foT of Land, Iiis Bhirik ground, hii ^Sandy, Clay, d^^. fome of z? * , or 40 Shilling; an Acre, for fome ufc'- clier not worth 10 one groats an Acre. My ivioilier being poilefl: of oFthefc Leal'j'jj and having of all thefe forts ofl Land, I came acquainted with cheni all, and knew vvhat each lort ^vcald rr^^l' Wheat, Bar- lev, Mai'-in, Rice, Beans, -Peas, Oats, Fete nei, or H> m p: in all vvhich [ liad a more tiian m ^^ 124 Tl)C VFdters^ TVoods^ Trees^ Fruits^ oCc. B melons tf-f?;. i6881agein a great mc ifure is Let out in finaliLeafesforRfruits, I t Livcsofi^, V, 40, or p pound per Ar.n. undC'Edie mod Coll. /^7c///jr the Lord of the Mannor : and mofhifRlike the! poutfide rii Ithe Pom^ i^and is of a h deep ci iFruit appe iof the to| Ifeparate e; jMilkj ver |Stone or '. Ibinding, a IFruit, wh: [ftell, dryii [have Fluxc Wojage to iL lAlangaflar lAuthor is ISloe, in fh Ifuch a fort jdefcription jl'iine that i Ithe true M The Pun [with a ver) lis fall of Li fmall Barl) Ian Orange Ipartirions. [are of ther Jthefe at A fripc comm( imuch elke [hence to Fi Itheir Lricni h b' liiiial knowledge for one io young,- taking a par- ticular deliglit in obfcrving it : but enough of this matter. The Kingdom of Ac bin has in general a dcepl mould •• It is very well watered with Brooks aiiJ fmall ilivcrs, hat none navigable for ^hips of bure icn, Tl • A lis or /ic'mi aumic;) not o h .f ■y h : \. 1 IV. v^eiicls. Tlic Land is fome pvrt very vv'oody, i othei 1 plac cs vannah : the Trees arc of di' o: molt unknown to me bv naruc d C ton and C^abn igc-trees gro by w i he c.c: here, b not i;i fucli plenty as iniome part of .-/^?;t'r/6\/.Thefe Trce)| commonly grov/ hd'c, as irideed ufual'y vvheie- ever they grow, in a champion dry ground, fucal tt leait as is not drowned or morally • for he ij fome liicli Land as that by the Rivers • ami! there g!ow iMangrove Trees, and oi;'»cr Trees of that kind. ?veicher is this ^^'-^^^ lorn deil 'limber c;e:s ht f.)r banuiiJ ituce rr , I J V. r uu C.oco-niic- P CO^: i 'i f this (vQuntry are Plantains, Bo- s, (3rungc,^3 Limes, jacks, DurianJ, Man- \'I ;::n;):c no-cs. 1 01 V,'.>- in; w5 Vwvi.i i}i » 1 vl tCi ri)e.iciis, M USri \ '^•re, are n yan^e. lilv iOi T/jeMangaftan a?icl Pumple-nofe. 125 7//, oCC. Bmelons, Pine-apples, &c. Of all thefe forts ofy^w.1688 illLeafesforBFruits, I think the Mangaiian is without compare Ar.?t. unde-Jthe mofl: delicate. This Fruit is in Ihape much and mo[},ifpliKc the Pomgranate, but a great deal Icls. The ;md fcatterlloutnde rind or iLell is a little thicker than that of ,al forts of pthe Pomgranate^ but fofter, yet more brittle ; and e had (bmcp^i^tl is of a dark red. The inHde of the ihell is of ground, \\\M^ c'cep crinilon colour. Within this ilicll the 40 ShillingiRFruit appears in 5 or 4 Cloves, about the bigneis It worth loBof the top of a man's thumb. Thcfc will ealily iteft of oneRfeparate each from the other ; they are as white as ^fe forts ofBMilk, very foft, and juicy, inclofing a fniall black and knewKStone or Kernel. The outfrde rind i« faid to bo binding, and therefore many when they eat the Fruit, which is ve;y delicious, do L.e tiie rir.d or ihell, drying it and prefcrving it, to /e to fuch as have Fluxes. In a 'm-iU Book^ entitled, ^4 mw Wheat, B ar- ts, Fetchei, more thani iking a par r: A enough Q^'ojage tothe Eoji hiUes tiicre is mention made ol Mangaflans, among the Fruits 0^ Ja'ua : but the neral a dceojAuthor is miftakeji, in that he compares it to a Brooks anifcloe, in fhape and ta/le : Yet I remerrjber there is s,;-ii;>, ofW^ch a fort of Fruit at Achin i, an.d believe by the y bucVnv.'lW-si'cription he gives of it, it may probably be the vv'oody, iiiP'^^i^-- ^^^^^ he calls the Mangjiian^ tho nothing like c of divers B^liC true Mangaftan. The Cct«B The Pumple-nofe is ' large Fruit like a Citron, but not inB^ith a very thick tender uj^evcn rind. Thcinllde Thefe TrcciBifill of Fruit : it grows all in cloves as b;g cs a I'y vvheie-Bniall Barly-corn, and thefe are all full of juice, as ound fudifcri Orange or a Lemon, tho not growing in fuch for hcreBpartirions. 'Tis of a pleafant talte,and tho there liveis ' aiKlB^i"^ of them in other parts of the liajt Indiei, yet cr Trees oW^efe at Acbin are accounted the htit They are .l'-;rtituce ofBnpc commonly about CLrlfiwas^ and they are {o much elkemed, that E7igUlh men carry them from hence to FortStGeorge^d.i^d make prcfcnts of them co their Friends there. The other Fruits ni';ntioned iere, are moft of them dcfcribcd by me in my hi it '.p. tarns, Bo- ■:s. Durian-, 5 ions, Mui i J i V I - • I !««' iz6 Rice. Ganga or Bang. Camphire Ani6ss The eatable Roots of this Country arc Yam5 and Potatoes, &c. but their chiefeft -bread kind i5 Rice. The Ivl atives have lately planted fome quantities of this Grain, and r ^ht produce much more were they fo difpofed, the Land being fo fruitful. They have here a fort of Herb or Flam called G^nga, or Bang. I never faw any but once, and that was at fome diftance from me. It ap- peared to me like Hemp, and I thought it had been Hemp, till I was told to the contrary. It is re- ported of this Plant, that if it is infufed in any Liquor, it will ftupify the brains of any perfon that drinks thereof ; but it operates diverfly, ac- cording to the conftitution of the perfon. Some i: makes fleepy, fome merry/ putting them into a Laughing fir, and others it makes mad : but after 2 cr 3 hours they come to themfelves again. 1 never faw the effects of it on any perfon, but have heard much difcourfe of it. What other ufe this Plant may ferve for I know not ; but I know it is much efteemed here, and in othe: plices too wliither it is tranfported. This Country abounds alfo with Medicinal Drugs and Herbs, and with variety of Herbs fo: the Por. The chief of rheir Drugs is Camphire, of which there are quantities found on this liland, but mod of it either on the borders of this King- dom to the Southward, or more remote 1H!I, without the prccinds of it. This that is found on the iriand Sumatra is commonly fent to Japan to be rehncd, and then brought from thence pure^ and trani'ported wiiicher the Merchants pleafe after- wards. 1 know that here are feveral forts of Me- dicinal Herbs made ufe of by the Natives , who go often a limpling, feeming to underfland their Virtues much, and making great ufe of them : but this being wholly out of my iphere, lean give no account of them; and cho here are plenty of Poc iierbi, !ome tnne phire I arc Yams ead kind i; nted fome iduce mud. d being fo b or Plant y but once, me. Ic up- it had been . It is re- ifed in any any perfon iliverfly, ac- m. Some i; :hern into a i : but after es again. I perfon, but What other not : but I :id in other Medicinal f Herbs fo: Carnphire, this llhind, f this King emote Itiil, is found on ) Jafan to b e pure, and pleafe after- forts of Me- ives , who rftand their chcm : but :an give no ler.tv of Pot ' iierb Onions, Gold, Land AnimaU 127 1. i Herbs, yetlknow the names of none, butOnions,/^w.i 688 of which they have great abundance, and of a very good fort, but fmall. There are many other very profitable Commodi- ties on this Ifland : but fome of them are more pe- culiar to other parts of it than Ach'm^ cfpecially Pepper. Ail the Illand abounds with that Spice, except only this North Welt end ,• at leaft fo much of it, as is comprehended within the Kingdom of Achin. Whether this defed: is through the negli- gence or lazinefs of thefe people, I know not. Gold alfo is found, by report, in many parts of this Ifland : but the Kingdom o{ AcJjin is at prefenc moft plentifully ftored with it. IMeither does any place in the Kafi Indies , that I know of, yield fuch quantities of it as this Kingdom. I have never been ' at jf^p^w, and therefore can make no eflimate of the great riches of that Kingdom : but here I am certain there is abundance of it. The Land Animals of this Country are Deer, iHogs 3 Elephants, Goats, Bullocks, Buffaloes, Horfes, Porcupines, Monkeys, Squirrils, Guanoes, Lizards , Snakes, &c. He;e are aifo abund;;nce of Ants of feveral forts, and Woodlice, called by the lnglijl]in the Eafi Indies White Ants. The Elephants that I faw here were all tame : yet 'tis reported there are fome wild : but I judge not many, if any at all. In fome places there aie plerty of Hogs ,• they are all wild, and commonly vciy poor. Ac fome times of the year, when the wild i ruits fall from the Trees, they are indifferent fat, or at leaft iielliy: and then they are fwect and good : they are very numerous^ and whether for tlu;t iCafon, or fcarcity of food, it is very rare to hnd them fat. The Goats are not very many, neither are there many Bullocks : but the Savannahs fwarm with iniltaloes, belor ging to fome or other cf c'ne Inha- bitants, m um m II li8 Tie Forvls a/id Fiflj, The Inhabit ants. ,//w. 1^188 bitants, vvh.o milk them and eat them j but done work them, fo far as I faw. The Iloifes of tliis Country arc but linall, yet fprightly ,• and Ibmc- times they arc tranrportcd hence to the Coaft of Cvromaiidd. The Porcupines and Squirrels arc ac- counted good food by the Ettglijlj ; but how they arc clleemed by the Natives I know not. The Fowls of this Country are Dunghil Fowls and Ducks, but I know of no other tame Fowls they have. In the VVood« there are many forts of wild Fowls, "uiz,. Maccaws, Parrots , Parakites, Pigeons, and Doves of ; or 4 forts. There are plenty of other fmall Birds ^ but 1 can lay nothing of them. The Rivers of this Country afford plenty of Fil'h. The Sea alfo fupplys divers forts of very ^oodFifh, (viz.) Snooks, Mullets, Mudfifh, Eels, btingrays, which I fhall defcribe in the Bay of Cjw- fedchy^ Ten pounders^ Old Wives^ Cavallies, Crav;- iifli, Shrimps, &c. The Natives of this Country are Malayans. They are much the fame people with thofe of Quedj^ Jihore, and other places on the Continent of A/j- lacca, fpeaking the fame Malayan Language, with very little diiifbrence : and thty are of the fame A^IahQmetanWtWgxon, and alike in their haughty hu- niour and manner of living : fo that they feem to have been originally the fame peopleTliey are peo pie of a middle llature,{iraight and well fliaped,and of a dark bicUan copper colour. Their Flair is black ajid lank, their Faces generally pretty long, yet j^raceful enough. They have black Eyes, middling Nofes, thin Lips, and black Teeth, by the fre- (juent ufe of Betle. They are very Iszy, and care not to work or take pains. The poorer fort are iiddidcd 10 thefr, and are often piinillied feverely for it. They are otherwifc good natured in gene- il, and kind enouali to llrai^L^c v<. Til Cloa The 1; heads, o like the none of uncoveri do. But fmall Tu in the i: ;26. T lort will theii- She wafte u; Stocking by the be TTieir danao, ar but by n quent i(. live in ^ Rice, an which tl fometim^ iavourijy yellow V Eye, as their foe good Ach TheC It is feat W. end c Sea. Tl and in it llrangers, GnaaratSy larger th furnifhcd no Walls a greate Cloaths^ HoiifesyFood^ and C/fj of Achm. 119 The better i'ort of them wear Caps htted to their^^.K^gS heads, of red or ether coloured Woollen Cloatli, Hkc the Crown of a Hat vvitiiout any brims ; for none of the Eafiern people ule the Complement of uncovering their Heads when they meet, as we do. But the general wear for all forts of people is a fmall Turbin,fuch as thQ Mindati^Uns wear,dcfcribed in the r2th Chapter of my former V^olume, page ;26. They have fmall Breeches, and the better fort will have a piece of Silk thrown loofely over theii- Shoulders • but the poor go naked from the wafte upwards. Neither have they the ufe of Stockings and Shoes, but a fort of Sandals are worn by the better fort. TTieir Houfes ore built on Pofls, asthofe o{ Min- danao, and they live much after the lame falLion : but by realon of i their Gold Mines, and the fre- quent refort of ftrangers, they are richer, and live in greater plenty. Their common food is Rice, and the better lort have Fowls and Firti, with which the Markets are plentifully florcd, and fometimes Buffaloes flelli, all which is drefi: very favourily with Pepper, and Garlick, and tindured yellow with Turmerick, to make itpleafant to the Eye, as the Eaji hdians generally love to have their food look yellow: neither do they want good Achars or Sauces to give it a relij};. The City oi Acb'm is the chief in all this Kingdom. It is leated on the Banks of a River, near the N. W.end of thelfland, and about 2 miles from the Sea. This Town confids of 7 or 8ooo Houies ; and in it there are always a great many Merchant- llrangers, 'viz, EngliJI), Dutch ^ Dnms^Vonuguefef^hinefe^ Guicarats, 6^c.T\.Q Houfes of this City are generally larger than thofe I faw at Mindanao, and better furnifhcd with Houftiold Goods. The City has no Walls, nor lo much as a Ditch about it. It ha& a greater number of Mofques, genera-ly fquare K built, v*- '^' 1*5 f ! i ■I fi J 26 The Tracks U-hisbanclr)\ Fijl)irtg, /i>?.: 688 built, and covered with P.'.ntile, but neither high 'nor hu"^e. Evcr> morning a man madea great j\'oire from thence: but 1 faw no Turrets or Steeples, fur thcni to climb up into for that pur- pofc j as they have generally in Tiirky, The Queen l^.as a larg: Pakicc here, built handfomely with Stone: but J could not get into theinlide of it. 'Tis laid there arclbme gre-ic Guns about it, 4 of which ae ofBrafs, and arc faid to have been fent hither as ii prefer) t by odf K. J,^.7ms the ift. The chicfTrades at y/c/j/w are Carpenters, Black- fmiths, GoldfmithSj Fifliermen, and Money-chnn- geie ; bi.t the Country people live either on breed- ing heads ofCr-.ttle, but mofl: for their own ufe, or Fovvls,efpecially they vvholive near the City,which tiiey fend weekly thither to fell : others plant Roots, I'riiits, 6^'r. and of late they havefown pretty large 1 icids of Kice. This thrives here well enough ; but they arc fo proud^that it is againfl: their Stomach to v/oi k: neither do they thcmfclves much trouble their licads about it, but leave it to be managed by their Slaves : and they were the Slaves brought lately by the ^'.j^/j'/^ and Danes ^{'o\w the Coafl o( Coromamlel^ in the riir.e of a Faniin there, I fpokeof before, who full- brought this fort of Husbandry into fuch reciucir among the Acblricfc. Yet neither does the Rice they have this way fupply one quarter of their occallons^ but they have it brought to them frcm their Neighbouring Countrcys. The Pilhcrmeji are the richeft working people : I mean iixh of them as can purchafe aJSlet,-tor thereby they get great prolk i and this lortof inv pioyment is managed alfo by their Slaves. In fair weather you ihall have 8 or 10 great Boats^ each with ' Sr.mo^ haling Net : and when they fee a Shoil of Fifli, ihey Itrive to incompafs them with chcleNeis, and all the Boats that are near aflift each oilier ro d'^agthem alhore. Sometimes they draw draw af] big as t re Joyce 1 ihout. one of tl more. out in fn Proe. ''. vvhicii tl Tiie ' at Mindi fafhion : building of that Ic long, dei alike, an Scern lik and whe or two t outlager, Veifcls ol one place genuity i: made ver fail very name giv There neither a GoldfmitI the Achim rhonot ve as at Tonq ketsand a Aioney c; rally give: but the Cc nor value and this is] >..•,■*« ither high adea great furrets or r that pur- he Queen nely with of it. Tis }. of which fcnt hither irs, Black- iney-chan- on breed- wn ufe, or ^ity,which lant Roots, retty large 1011 gh ; but 5tomach to ouble their ed by their u lately by Coromatjdely of before, into fiich r does the cr of their ,iem from ig people iNet^ tor iort of im- s. In fair oatSj each hey fee a hem with near aflift imes they draw FlywgProcs, Women Mopteyc hungers. 127 flraw afltorc this way fo, 60, or 100 large Filli, aSy^w.-688 big as a mans Leg, and as long: and then they rejoyce mightily, and fcampcr about, mak'^t^ 1 great ihout. The I'ilh is prefently icnt to the Market in one of their l^oats, the relt looking out again for more. Thofe vvhoFilh with Hook and Line, go out infmall Proes, with but i or 2 Slaves in each Proe. Thefe alfo get good VWh of other ibrts, which they carry home to their Mufters. The Carpenters ul'e lucli hatchets as they have at Mindanao. They build good lioufes after their falhion : and they are aifo ingenious enough in building Proes, making very pretty ones, efpecially of that fort which are Fijhiir proes ; wiiich are built long, deep, narrow, and iharp, with both lides alike, and outlagers on each lide, the Head and Stern like other Boats. They carry a great Sail, and when the Wind blows harJ, they fend a man or two to lit at thve extremity of the Windward outlager, to poife the VefTel. They build alio lome VelFcls of 10 or 20 Tuns burthen^ to Trade from one place to another: but I think their greateft in- genuity is in building their fljhig Proes ^ wnich arc nude very fmocrh^ kept neat and clean, and will fail very well : for which reafon they had cliiC name given them by the Ey.gUjh. There are but few Blackfmiths in this Town, neither are they very skilful at their Trade. The Goldfmiths are commonly ftrangers, yet fome of the Achimfe themfelves know hov/ to work Metals, rhonotvery well. The Money-changers are here, as at Tonqiiin, mod: Women. Thefe fit in the Mar- kecsand at the corners of the Streets^ with leaden Money called Cajlj, which is a name that is gene- rally given to fmall money in all thele Counrreys : but the C^jl) here is neither of the fame 2vletal, nor value with that at Toncjuin ^ for that is Copper, and this isL«ad,orBlock Tin,fuch as will bend about K 2 the -hAi ^'' ( 1^7 Coins^ Summf^ and Weights of Achin, j:l:.i: /w.i68,sthc 1 ijiger. They have but two forts of \^V--^ Coin ot their own^ the lead fort r*'" this Lea- den money calTd O]/', and 'tis the lame with what thcv call Wtt'iis at llantam. Ofthefe, i ^oo mike a Afr/j, whicli is their otiier fort of Coin, and is a fm I'l thin piece of Gold, ftampt with Ma- lay art Letters on each fide. It is in value 1 5 pence Engli{h. iC^ Mijs, make a 7'/*/t', which here is 20 /, Enrl^;^ T ^'^^^ niakc a Hancaly a weight fo called, and 20 f^arical make a Catty^ another weight. But their Gold Coin feldom holds weight, for you /hall lomctinics have ^ Tale and 8 Alefi over go to makea/Vr//, and tho 1900 Cafh; is the value of a Mifs, yet thefc rife and fall at the difcretion of the Money-changers : for fometimes you Ihall have icoo CajJj f:\' a Mcjs : but they are kept ufaally between thofe 2 numbers 5 feldom lefs then 1000, and never more then 1 jco. But to proceed with thefc Weights, which they ule either for Money or Goods, ICO C^/?/ make a Fectd, which is i;2/. Ertglifl} weight Three hundred Cattj is a Buhar , which is :^'^;i) I Ew^/;//; weight ; but in fome places, as at Hcticoaliy a Bahar is near foo EngUjl) weight* Spa?!:jl} pieces of Eight go here alfo, and they are valued according to the plenty or fcarcity of them. Soinetimcs a Piece of Light goes but for 4 Mefs^ fomcdaies for 4 and half, Ibmerimes ^ M(fs, They Coin but a fmall quantity of their Gold j lo much as may ferve for their ordinary occallons in their Tratfick one with another. But as the ' Ivierchaptj when he receives large Summs, always takes ic by weight, fo they ufualiy pay him un- M/rougiic Gold, and quantity for quantity : the Mcrc!)Hi:rs chufe rather to receive this, than the coiiied Goivi ,• and before their leaving the Coun- try, will chiMge their Aicjfcs for uncoined Gold: perhap bccaufe of fome deceits ufed by theNatives Hi nivir Coining Tl Thi: pretty their L than th which from tl all thcr ward, into thi quiry c that nc the Mi gerous thither luch ih were f( dowji I there u cumcil^ to recc or b'jck thatnoi vcr reti TraffiCi feafone ftayed and we going o imploy for afce the pro can det that th reid wi eould r thewa^ (elves b turns. ii> in. Ibrts of :his Lca- mc with oin, and i/ith Ma- ^ pence re is 20 /. fo called, [;ht. But r you /hall /er go to value of a on of the hall have jpt ufually len looo, eed with vloney or is i;2/, a Biihar , )me places, Ijl) weight. id they are ^ of them, 'or 4 Adejs^ leir Gold ^ ^ occallons But as the ms^ always V him un- mtity : the y than the the Coun- ined Gold: the Natives Thi^ The Gold Mines of A chin. n; This Gold they iuivc from fonic Mouiualn a^'w.i^>88 pretty way within Land from {^chin, but within '•-""V^ their Dominions/and rather near to the Wed C>o.i(t than the Streighrs of MaLucu. I take GoLlcn Mcnnt^ which 1 (poke of before, to lie at nogreiitdilKincc from that of the Mines • foi- theie is.vcry high Land all thereabouts. To go thitiicr tlicy fet out Eall- ward, towards Pajjavge ji>nca^ and thence ftiik J up into the heart of the Countiy. I made lomc in- quiry concerning their getting Gold, and was told, that none but Mahomcta.^.i were pei niittcd fo go to the Mines : Tiiat it was both tioub'efom and dan- gerous to pafsthe Mountains, before they came thither,' there being but one way, andthacovc.' luch ileep Mountains, that in fomc places they were forced to make ufe of Ropes, to climb upar.d dowji the llills.That at the foot of thcle Precipices there was a Guard of Soldiers, to fee that no uncir- cumciled perlon Ihould pu: Tue that defignynd alio ^o receive c.- omofthofe that pah" eitlier forward or backward. Th.'t r.c the Mines ic Wds fo iickly, that not the half of thofe that went thirhcr did c- vcr return again i^ tho they went tlnclrer only to Traffick with the Miners, wlio live there, being feafoncd : tl^-tthefe who go thither ficm the City ftayed nou liUially above 4 moiiihs at the Mine^, and were back again in about 6 Months nom their goingour. Thar fome there made it their conirant iniployment to vifit the Mineis once every year: for after they arc once feafoncd, and ha\ e found the profit of that Trade, no thoughts of danger can deter them frcm it ; for I v/as credibly told that thefe made 2000 per cf7.v. of whatever tiiey car- reid with them, to iell to the Mincis: hut they could not carry much by reafon of tho badncfsof the ways. The rich men never go tiiither tlicm- ielves but fend their Slaves; and if ; out of 6 re- turns, they think they make a very prchc?^'' ^ 'or.r- K \ ney. rgo The Goods hrought hither front abroach ^w.i688r;Cy for tiicir Maikr, for thefo ; are able to bring W*-^ lioiiie as much Gold as the Goods which all 6 car- ■ jicd out could pu! chafe. The Goods that they < 11 y thither are lome fort of cloathing, and liquor. 'i i»cy carry their Goods from the City by Sea pare or the way ; Then they land fomewhcre about J'fljjangejcnca^ and get Ilovfes to carry their Cargo iO i\\^ foot of the Mountains. There they draw i: up with Ropes^ and if they hav? much goods, one jlayv there vvirh tiicm, while the reit march to the Mines with rlkcir load ^ and return again for the reii. 1 iiad this relation from Captain Tihr^ who lived at Achln ^ r.nd fpoke the Language of the Country very well. Theie ^^•as an Emli^} Rene- gado that ufcd that trade, hi't wa!> always at the Mines when 1 was here. At his Return io'Achm he conftantly frequented an Englijh Punch-houfe , I'pending his Gold very freely^ a: 1 was told by the Mailer of the houfe. I was told alfo by all that I difcourlcd with aboarthc Gold, that heie they di^i it out of the Ground ^ andth:u fometimes they hnd pretty large lumps. It ii the produd of thelo Mines that draws fo many Merchants hither, for the Road is feldom witi'.oiit 10 or if fail of Ships cffeveral Nations. Theic bring all fort of vendible Commodities^ as Silks, Chines, Muzlins, Callicoes, Rice, &c. and as to this lall, a man would admire to fee what great quantities of Rice are brought hither by the E?jglijljj Dtitch^ Danes ^ and Chinefe : when any arrives the Commanders hire each a lioufe to put their goods in. The Silks, Muzlins, Callicoes, Opium, and fuch like rich Goods, they fell to the Guzjirats^ who are the chief men thcit keep Shops here: but the Rice, wliich is the bulk of the Cargo, they ufu- aliy retail. I liavc heard a Merchant fay, lio has received 6(\ 70, and 8^ /. a d ly for Rice, when iihas beer, '.e.ircc j but wlicn there artm.iny feller?, then I then 4c for the wherea bove :; fmall fe rememl Thus it who fe meafur never Market They the po own, V Rice f( their o Be fides hire a r falfe M BefideSj therefo Mercht or 20 /, too, be ceive b for 'tis in recei ordinar chang'i Money takes '.V fort of very n< efpecia for fea I lie and I Cudor \oacL to bring ill 6 car- lat they d liquor. Sea pare - abouc ir Cargo draw ir ods, one :h to the 1 for the (r^ who c of the 'J?.' Rene- ^'s at the 'Achln he i-houfe , d by the ill that I they dig they rind 3 raws fo feldom Nations. litieSj as &c. and ee whac r by the y arrives ut their .Opium, Guzdtrats^ tiQ : but they ufu- lie hoi Q, when V feller?, The Cuzurats, RroJ^rs ni Achin.J i?, n ^Len 40 or ^c j. wo;ch in a day is a ^ood fi'.c ://;,: /^^F-^ for then a Mejs will buy J4 or i 9 Bomboes of \i : ^^^^ whereas when Rice isfcarcc, you will net liii^'o a- bove ; or 4 Bambocs for a Mejs, A Bamboo is a fmall feal'd meafure, containing, to t\\c hz'xt of my remembrance, not much above iialf a Gailoi:. Thus it rifes and falls as Ships come hirher. Thofc who fell Rice keep one conihiiuly attending :o meafure it out » and the very Grandees themtcivcs never keep a (lock before hai^d, but depend on ti e Market, and buy juft w'r.cn they have occilior. They fend their Slaves for what they waiiC, a;;ti the poorer fort, who have not a Slave of th ir own, will yet hire one to carry a AA/} vvorcli oc Rice for them, tho not one lumdrcd paces from their own honies, fcorning to do it themfjlves. Berides one to meafure the Rice, the McicIkuus hire a man to take the money , for here is fome falfe Money, as Silver and Copper ^!^js gllcovcr: BefideSj here are (ome true A/f/i much worn, nr;d therefore not worth near their value in talc. Tiic Merchants may alfo have occalion co ie:/^ive jo or 20 /, at a time for other Commodities ; wvA this too, berides thofe little fumms for Rice, he mult re- ceive by his Broker, if he will not be cheated , for 'tis work enough to examin cveiy piece : and in receiving the value of 10 I. in Ah's^ they will ordinarily be forced to return half or raore to b^ changed \ for the Natives are for putting off h.ul Money, if poflibly they can. Buc if mo Broker takes any bad Money, tis ro his own icfs. Thefc fort of Brokers arc commonly Gnz^uy.ns ^ and cis very neceffary for a Merchant that coir.cs hidier,, efpecially if h.e is a rirariger, to have one of tlivm, for fear of taking bad or light xMoney. The Evglijl) Merchants arc very welcome liere, and I have heard that they do r.nc pay fo niacU Cudoin as other Nations. I'hc D/';r6 7"",. i i -i- •men m V 1^6 Chlnefe Merchants^ ^«J China Camp^ /^'"r6S3rnay trade hither, but the Company's Servants are d^nyd that privilege. But of all the Merchants that trade to this City, the Cb'mefc are the moft re- markable. There are fome of them live here all the year long ,• but others only make annual Voy- ages hitlier from CJoma. Thefe latter come hither fortictime in Jime^ about lo or 12 fliil, and bring abundance of Rice^and feveral other Commodities. They take up Houfes all by one another^ at the end of the Town, next the Sea : and that end of the City is call d the China Camp, becaufe there they alvi/ays quarter^ and bring their goods afhore thither to lell. In this Fleet come feveral Mecha^ nicks, ( njiz:. ) Carpenters, Joyners, Painters, &c. Thefe fet themfelves imnudiate-y to vvoik, making ofChefls^ Drawers, Cabinet,, and all forts of C/^i- »f/pToys: which are no fooner finilh'd in their Working houfes, but they are prefently fet up in Shops and at the Doors to fale. So that for two months or ten vvei.ks this place is like a Fair, full of Shops lluifc Vv'ith all lort of vendible commodities, and people refortiiig hither to buy : and as their goods fell off fo rlicy contradl themfelves, into iefs compafs, and iiMke uic of fewer Houfes. But as their bulincfs decreafes, their Gaming among them- felvcsincreaics ; {'or 'dCbhjeJe^ if he is not at work, had aslievc be without Viduals as without Gaming ,• and they are very dexterous at it. If before their goods are all fold, they can light of Chapmen to buy their Ships, they will gladly fell them allo^ at lealMbme of them: if any Merchant will biiy^ for 'dChmeJeis for felling every thing: and they who are fo happy as to gee Chapmen for their ownShips^ will return ?.s paiiengeis with rheir Neighbours', leavir'g their Camp, ms tis called, poor and naked like other parts of the City, till the next year, They commonly go away about the latter end of Septcrd'tr. a.nd never fuil to retUL7] apainat the Sea. Ion vants are [e Tenants nioft rc- here all ual Voy- ne hither nd bring modities. r, at the :.c end of ife there ds afhore IMecha^ ters, &c. , making ts of C/ji- in their fet up in for two r, full of modifies, as their cSj into s. But as ig them- at work, jaming ; ore their pnien to I alioj ac buy 3 for ley who vnShips. ghbours", id naked xt year, r end ol the Scu. fon • The Achinefe Lear^htg and Rcligiot, 37 fun : and while they are here, ihey aicfo much ^w.i<^.g8 Ifoilowed, that there is but little buHnt ^s ftirring for the Merchants of any other Nations,- all tlie difcourfe then being of going down to the Chlv^ Carnf. JLvtn t\\Q Europeans go thither for their di- verllon: the Englifl), Dutch ^ and Dnnes^ will go to drink their Hoc-cm, at fome Chbui Aierchants Houlc who fells it ,• for they have no tippling Houfes. The European 'Seamen return thence into the City drunk enough, but theCfe/t?are very fober rhem- I fdves. The Achinefe fecm not to bo extraordinary good at Accounts, as the Batnans or (jnzurats are. 'J hey in(lru(5t their youth in the knowledge of Letters, Malaym pruicipally, and 1 fuppole in Icmewhac of Ambicky being all Mdwmttaiis. T hey dre here, as at Mindanao^ very fuperltitious in wailing jnjd deanfing themfelves from defilements : and for that realon they delight to live near the Rivers or streams of water. I'he River of Ach'm near tiie City is always full of People of both bexes and all Ages. Some come in purpofely to wafh themlclves, tor the pleafure of being in the Water : wliich they 10 much delight in, that tliey can fcarce leave tjic ut going firft into it, if they have any River without goini^ bafinefs brings them near. Even the Tick arc brought' to the River to walk I know not whctl;er i': i:, iccountedgood to v/afL in alldiReinpeis, but I am c'witain from my own Experience, it is good for mofe thathav ""' es, for wh ve Flux,efpeciaiiy Mornii.'gs and Evcn- ich reafon you Ihall then fee the Rivera. t.il!errj and more efpecialiy in ''A\^ Morning. Bue iTie mod do it upon a Religious account : foL t'lercin conlifls the chief part of Cucir lleiigion. There are but few of them reibrc daily to their Mofsjues ; ytt they are alHtiff in their Religion, ^■nd fo zealous for it, that they preatly rejoic.: in U.1K in. I] a Profelytc, I w in I'j ro'-i C! V/ h:.' 1 flK^HU m SB jflu Hny; ffffi ^Cl' l^u' 1 1 ./ u'.v n4 Chinefe Renegade* Pmripwients* Ch'mcfe inhabi hei d from hi turn u iiuni ni; Pagantjm to Mabo?netamfm, and being circuincifed, he was thereupon carry'd in great ftate thro the City on an Elephant, with one crying before him, that he was turn'd Believer. This man was calid the Captain of the China Camo ; for, as I was in- formed, he was placed there by his Country- men as their chief Factor or Agent, to negotiate their affiurs with the people of the Country. Whether he had dealt faifly , or was only envied by others, I know not : but his Countrymen had fo entangled him in Law, that he had been ruined, if he had not made u(e of this way cc difingage hirnfelf ,• and then his Religion protedcd him, and they could jiot meddle with him. On what fcore the two Engljjh Runagadoes turn d here, I know not. Tlie Laws of this Country are very (Irid, and offenders are puniihed with great fe verity. Nei- ther arc there any delays of Juftice here ; for as foon as the offender is taken, he is immediately brought before the Magiilrate , who prefently hears the matter, and according as he finds it, fo he cither acquits, or orders punilhment to be in- flicted on the Party immediately. Small offenders are only whipc on the back, which fort of punilli- ment they call Chaulmck A Thief for his Hrft of- fence, lias his right hand chopt oft at the wrid : for tlie fecond offence off goes the other ,• and lometimes initead of one of their hands, one or both their feet are cut oft ,• and fometimcs ( tho very rarely.) both hands and feet. If after thelofs of o!^.c or both hands or feet they ftill prove incor- rigible, for they are many of them fuch veryRogues 2nd 'io arch, that they will Ileal with their Toes, then they are baniih^d to Pulo IVay, during their Lives : and if they get thence to the City, as Ibme- tiines they do, they are commonly lent back again; rho fQmetimes they get a Licence to ilay. On 'i Mi On Vulo Cactle : ai liands, yet row very ^ whereby t they have therto fal fb as to le Itumps ol pull an Oc do well er many, eve is in Hided fering the afcer this ; crime. '*^' to the Ard the otlier 1 ^java. alfo when the deprived n: flill for 01 lerv'd : h< King of , was difmi time at /i a member of Leathe This is pi that the I the great cnllie ; ar it. How 1 know n perfcdly clcds of 1 tiie Leatl i Woun;] c rd from hi) ircumcifed, te thro the before him, I was calld s I was in- Duntry-men ;otiatc their Whether d by others, ) entangled if he had irnfelf ,* and they could re the two not. ltri<9:, and rity. Nei- ere ; for as .nmediatcly prefently finds it, fo It to be in- II offenders of punilli- his fir ft of- the wrid ; )ther ^ and ds, one or imcs ( tho fcer theloli 'ove incor- rery Rogues their Toes, uring their y, as ibme- )ack agaiiij Md'imcd Banditti at Pulo Way '35 y^ On Tulo Way there are none but this fort ofy^7i.i688 Cacde : and tho they all of them want one or both kinds, yet tiiey fo order matters, that they can row very well, and do many things to adniiratiy^n, whereby they are able to get a livelihood ; for if they have no hands, they will get ibmebody oro- therto faften Ropes or Withes about their Oars, (b as to leave Loops wherein they may put the Itumps of cheir Arms ; and therewith they will pull an Oar luflily. They that have one hand can do well enough : and of thefe you iliall fee a great many, even in the City. This fort of pufnjl menc isintiicied for greater Robberies^ but for (mall pil- ? fering the firft time Thieves are only whipt ^ but after this a Petty Larceny is look'd on as a grea: crime, "^^elther is this fort of puniihment peculiar to the Archlncfe Government, but probably, ufed by the other Princes of this Ifland, and on the Ifland Java alfo, efpecially ^t Bantam. They formerly, when the King of Bantam was in his profperity, depriv d men oi the right hand for I'heft, and may (till for ought I know. I knew a Dutch-md^n io lerv'd : he was a Seaman belon^.ing to one of the King o^ Bantam s^[\\\is. Being thus punilhed, he was difmifi: from his lervice, and when 1 was this time at /ichin he lived there. Here at Achln, when a member is thus cut off, they have a broad piece of Leather or Bladder ready to clap on the Wound. This is pre(ently applied, and bound on fo fall, that the Blood cannot ilfue forth. By this means the great Flux of Blood isflopt, which would ellQ cnfue; and I never heard of any one who died of it. liowlong this Leather is kept on the Wound 1 know not: but it is fo long, till the blood is perfedly (lanched ,• and when it is taken off, the clcds of Blood which were prell in the Wound by t!ie Le:uher, peel all otT with ic, leaving the 0;i >Voun;j clean,,, Then, 1 jud.^^c, they uie cleanhr or ''I I i i I40 Er/fpalirfg Ey cent ion hy fighting, j4«.l68Sor lier.lin^^ Plaillers, as the\ Tej convenient, andl curcthe Wound with a great deal of eafe. I never heard o* any that futfer'd Death for Thefr. CriiTiinals,vvho def:ive death^ are executed divers ways, accordipc'^ .0 the nature of the of- fence, or tiie qualicy of the offender. One way is by ImpaJing on a lliarp Stake, which pafleth up- right from the Fundan^eiit through the Bowels^ and comes out dt the Neck. The ctake is about the bignefs of a manslhi^h, placed upright, one end in the ground very lum ^ the upper fliarp end is about 12 or 14 foot high. I fvvv one man fpitted in this manner, and there he remained 2 or 5 days: but I could nut learn his offence. Noblemen have a raore honourable death ,• they are allowed :.j agnt for their lives : but the num- bers of thofe with whom they are to engage, loon put a period to the Combat, by the death of the Malefactor. The manner of it is thus ; the perfon condemned is brought bou d to the place of exe- cution. This is a lar^e pldin I icld, fpacious e- nough to conrain thoufands of people. Thither the Achincfe^ armed, as they uilially go, with thsir Crellet, but then more cfpecially, rcfort in Troops, as well to be fpedators, as actors in the Tragedy. Thcfe make a very large Ring, and in the midit of the multitude the Ciimiiial is placed, and by him fuch Arms as are allow d on fach occafions,' which are, a Sword, aCreifet, aj.l a Lance. When the time is come to a'il he is unbound, [inu left at has libt^rty to take up his fighting Vv/eapons. The ipecl:,uors being all ready, with each maji hii Arms in liis hand, Irand fHll in their places, tiil theMalefador advances. He commonly lets cjc with a finie!:, and darirgly faces ti-e r'ultirude; but h.c is foon brought to t'.c. giuund, hrft by Lances thrown at him, and afterwards by their Swords and C.^eirets. 0:\^ was thus executed wiiils The GencrAl Slavery at Achin, 141 |l was there : I had not the fortune to hear of it till /'w.i»'',88 lie was ended: but had this relation the fame even- ling it was done, from Mr. Dennis Drijcalj who was I then one of the Spedators- This Country is governed by a Oueen, under whom there are 1 2 OronkgcSyOv great Loi ds Thcfe zd in their feveral precinds with gicat power and authority. Under thefe there arc oiher inferiour Oliicers, to keep the Peace ir the feveral parts of the Queens dominions, ihc prelent 5/;<7W.-/£r of Achin is one of the Onnhjes, He is a man of great- er knowledge than any of the reli^^ and fiippclcci to be very rich. I have heard fay lie h^-' not iefs than 1000 Slaves, fome of whom 'were topping Merchants, and had many Slaves undci them. And even thefe, tho they are Slaves to Slaves, yet have their Slaves aUb ^ neither can a Granger eilily know who is a SUve and who not among them : for they are all, in a manner, Slaves to one ano- ther ; and all in general to the Queen and Oron- kejcs ; for their Government is very Arbitrary. Yet there is nothing of rigour ufed by the Mailer to his Slave, except it be the very meanert, fuch as do all forts of fcrviie work : but thofe who can turn their hands to any thing bcfides drudgery, live vvcll enough by their indullry. Nay, they arc en- couraged by their Mafters, who ofcen lend them Money to begin fome trade or bufiiiefs Vv^ithal : Whereby the Servant lives eafie, and with great content follows what his inclination or capacity fits him for • and the Mailer alfo, who has a lliare in the gains, reaps the more profit, yet without trou- ble. When one of theie Slaves dies, his Mailer is Heir to what he leaves,* and his Children, if he has any, become his Slaves alio: unlefs the Father out of his own clear gains has in his life time had wherewithal to purchafe their Freedom. The Markets are kept by thcfe people, and you fcarce trade mmi W mm W' WMi m" Mtlfi «••] ^hHh' i H |i m^m wl Wm i ><« 138 Sljfecn 9f Achin and Oronkey. ^.i688tracle with any other. The Money-changers alfo are Slaves, and in general all the Women that you lee in the ftreets ; not one of them being free. So are the Fifher-men, and others, who fetch Fire- wood in Canoas from Pttlo Gomez, for thence thcfe of this City fetch moft of their Wood, tho there is fcarce any thing to be feen but Woods about the City. Yet tho all thefe are Slaves, they have iia- bitations or houfes to thcmfelves in feveral parts of the City, far from their Maftcrs houfes, as if they were free people. But to return to die Sbabandtrl was fpeaking of, all Merchant Strangers, at their firfl arrival, make their Entries with him, which is always done with a good prefenc : and from him they take all their difpatches when they depart; and all matters of importimce in general between Merchants are determined by him. It feems to have been by his Converfation and Acquaintance with Grangers, that he became fo knowing, be- yond the reil of the Great men: and he is alfo faid to be himfelf a great Merchant. The Queen oi Achin ^ as *tis faid, is always an old Maid, chofen out of the Royal Family. What Ceremonies are ufed at the choofing her I know not : Nor who are the Eledors ,• but I fuppofe they are the Oronkcys., After /he is chofen, Jhe is in a manner confin'd to her Palace ,• for by report, \\\Q feldom goes abroad, neither is Ihe feen by any people of inferiour rank and quality ; but only by fome of her Domefticks : except that once a year ilieis dreil all in white, and placed on a Elephant, and fo Rides to the River in itate to wafn herfeif : hut whether any of the meaner fort of people may fee her in that progrefs 1 know not : for it is the euftom of moil: Ealtern Princes to skreen them- felvcs from the fight of their Subjeds : Or if they fometimes gc/ abroad for their pleafure, yet the people are then ordered eitliei to turn their backs to- Election of (I new §>ueen, 159 towards them while they pafs by, as formerly aty^?i.i688 Bantam^ or to hold their hands before their eyes, as at Siam. At Adindnmw^ they iray look on their Princc:but from the higheft to the lowcft they ap- proach him with the grcateft refpecft and venerati- on , creeping very low, and oft-times on their knees, with their eyes hxt on him : and when they withdraw, they return in the fame manner, creep- ing backwards, and flill keeping their eyes on him, till they are out of his fight. But to return to the Queen of Achln, I think MrHackluit, ovVurcl.as^ makes nK^ntion of a King here in our King James J. time: But at leaft of la- ter years there has always been a Queen only, and the Englijli who refide there,, have been of the opinion that thefe people have been governed by a i}\iQQn ab Origine ; and fiom the antiquity of the prefent conftitution, have formed notions, that the Queen of Sheha who came to Soloman was the Queen of this Country: and the Author of an old Map of the World which I have feen, was, it feems of this opinion, when writing the old Hebrcip names of Nation-, up and down the feveral parts anciently known of Enrops, /if a, and /ifrka^ he purs no other name in the Ifle o^ Sumatra^ but that of Shebif. But be that as it will, 'tis at p'-efent part of it under a Queen, tho flie has little power or authority : for tho there is feemingly /abundance of refped and reverence fnev/n her, yet .!}ie has lictlc more than the title of a Soveraigr?, all the I Government being wholly in the hands of the O- yonkeys. While I was on my Voyage to Tj-yiqum^tht old Queen died, and there was another Queen chofcn in her room, but all the Oronkeys were not fc that Election ^ many of them were forchoofing a King. Tour of the Orcnke/s who lived more remote from i! e Court, took up Arms .0 oddoIc the new v iieen and mm 1 i KM IBL \mm jS sawn m^ ii i m] 4 if ' * If f 4 " i\ 'I'l 144 -^ ^'^'' ^-ar at Achin. 'An.i6HS and the rcfl: of the Oronkeys^ and brought y or 600 \^y^Y^ ^^^^^ againfi the C^ity : and thus Rood the flate of aflairs , even when we arrived here, and a good while after. This Army was on the Eaft (ide of die River, and \\u^ all the Counti'y on that ildc, ' and fo much of tl , City alfo, as is on that fide the River, under their power; l^ut the Queen's Palace and the main part of the City, which (lands on the Weft fide, held out lloutly. The River is wider, fliallower, and more fandy at the City, than any where elfencarit: yet not fordable at low water, Therefore for the better communication from one fide to the other, there arc Ferry-boats to carry PalTengcrs to and fro. In other places the Banks are fteep, the River more rapid, and in mofl places very muddy : fo that this place, juft at the City it. felf, isthemoft convenient to tranfporc Men or Goods from one fide to the other. It was not far from this place the Army lay, a< if they defigned to force their paflbge here. The Queens party, tooppofe them, kept a fmall Guard of Souldiers ju(t at tiic Landing-place. The Sha- bander o^ Achin had a Tent fet up there, he being the chief manager of her Affairs: and for the more fecurity, he had 2 or ; fmall brafs Guns of a Minion bore planted by his Tent all the day, with their Muzzels againft the River. In the Evening there were 2 or :; great Trees drawn by an Elephant, and placed by the fide of the River, for a barricado againfl: tlie Eiicmy : and then the Brafs Gui^ were [liver, if the icado vvas Ferry boat; 11 the next oiciiers cai- lirE The flate of the I Vat i?^ A ch i n . 1^5 ing to each other, not in menacing rangiuigc, hutAu.iC^^ as thofe who dclired peace and quictncls, asking "^ '^ ""^ why they would not agree, why they could i^^oc beof one mind, and why tlKy Ihould dcliic to kill one anothet. Tliis was the Tone all night long ,• in the morning asfoonas Snn wasrifen, the Guns were drawn again to the Shaband'js Tent, and the Trees were drawn alide, to open the paflage from one iide to the other : ar.d every man then went freely about his bufinefs, as if all had been i.s quiet as ever, only the Shnhamhr ,,\nd\\\s Guard ftaid ftill in their flations. So that there was not any fign of Wars, but in the Night only, when all ftood to their Arms : and then the Towns people feemed to be in fear, and fometimcs we ihould have a Ru- mour, that the Enemy would certainly make an attempt to come over. While tb.efe fiirs laHcd , the Sbalandcr fent to all the Foreigners, ar^d dclired them to keep in their own Iloufesin the Jiight, and told them, that whatever might happen in the City by their own civil broyls, yet no harm Ihould come to thwm. Yetfome of the Portuzuefi, fearing the word, would every Night put their richcd Goods into a Boat, ready to take their llight on the firft Alarm. Th^r^ were at this time rot above 2 or ; £w^////j Families in the Town, and 2 Fjigl.lh Ships, and one Dutcli Ship, befides 2 or ; Movvs ^hips of the Moguls Sub- jects, in the Road. One of the Englijh bhips was called the Nellegree ^ the name taken from Nelle- grce Hills in Be72gal, as I have heard. She caine from the Bay of Beygal, laden with Rice, Cotton, &c. the other was the Dorothy of London^ Captain Thwalt Commander, who came from Fort St Gctrg-^,and was bound to Bencouli with Souluiers, but touched here, as well to fell fome goods, as to bring a prefent to the Queen from our Eaft India Company. Captain 'iLn\vt^ according to cuflom went with his prefenc m h to M 1 4 6 Viimifig I Vomcft. Be ngal ii;// / 1 r. /;;. i6SSto t!ic Cucci% wb/ich flic accepted,- iind complc- inc'ucd b.im with tlie ufual Civilities of the Couir trvi for to hoiiour him hiC was fct upon an Elcphai^t of th.e Quee. IS to ride to liis Lodgings, drcft in IX Miilayafi h.d^it Vw'hich flie gave iiini : and jhe lent alio tv/o Dancing Girls, to jhew him ibme paftime there; and 1 faw them at- his Lodgings that Even- ing, dancing the grcatcft part of the ni.^'Jir, much after the fame manner as the Dancing Women of Mi!ul7hio^ rather writhing their Hands and Bodies with ieveral Antick gellures, than moving much out of the place they were in. He had at tins time about 2o great Jars of ^n?^/:/ Butter, made of Buf- faloes Milk, ar.d this Butter is faid alfo to have Lard oriiogs fat miyt with ir, andrank enough in thefe hot Coiintries, tho much cllcemed by all the yichi- ihfe, who give a good pice for it,- and our Engljjh alio ule ir. j-;ich of rhejars thiscamein, contained ±-j or ;o Gai'ons ; and tl.'ty were fct in iMr. DrlJcaU yard ar ylch'm : what other goods the Captain brought 1 know nor. iUit nor long after this, he being informed, that the Mars Merchants refiding here ijad carryed off\i great Treafurc aboard t'-cir Ships,in order to return with ir to .*?.'nv;/.and our Company having nowWars with tire Gretir Mogul, Captain Thvjait in the r, ver.ing drew olfall hiis Seameii, andfeized on one of the/i/ocriSlnps, where lie thought the Treafure was. TliC biggcfi- he let alone; Ihe Wiis a Ship, that one Captain Cmfi^vt took in the Road fonic time before, and having plundered her, he gave her to the Clueen, of whcn.i the Moors bought her again. TliC Mocrs xV'erchantshod Ipcedy notice ofthisadion ■i Ca ptam >, and they piefently made their -Application to the Queen for faiitfadiion. But her aii -S t\on\ s at thistinjCj^being in fuch pndure as I men- d, ny reafon cf tlicir inrcftinc B:oyls, ihe ihe could do iiGrhir'2: for rhcm. to It /tT. id comple- the Coiiir n Elephant i, drcH" in nd jhe (ent )me paflime that Even- if'Jit, much Women of and Eodics )ving much at tins time idc of lUit- o have Lard igh in thcfe ill the ^chi- our Kfi^^l/Jh y vOntaintd 'SAr. Drijc^ls c Captain •imed, that ^rryed off a cr to return g now Wars v/;V in the zed on one c Treafure I'lis a Ship, load fonie ic gave her lier again. ~thisaS:ion made their But her as 1 men- ;oy!s^ ihc It A total Ecdfpfe ofihc Moon, } It was rr or 12 a Clock the next day, betorc we^«.i6^^ who lived alhorc heard of Capt.iin Tbwalts p.oceed- ^^V^O, ings: but feeing tlie iMaors Hock toCouit, and not knowing what anfwer they h.ui from tie C^ueen, we polled ofFto the Ships, for fear of being ini- prifoned, as fome Englijh men had been while I was 'dt7lrjfjuirt, on the like fcore. Indi:ed I had at this timegreatcaufe to be afraid of a Prifon, being Tick of a tlux : So that a Prifon would have gone near to have killed me ; yet 1 think it fared not much bet- ter with mc, for the Ships I Hed to afforded me but little comfort. For I knew no man aboard the //y- rotfy, and could expcc't no comfort tliere. Sol and the rell wen. aboard the Nclllgrc^ where we could more realonably expedt relief, than in a Ship that came fiom Enghmd : for thcfe which come fu long a Voyage, are julb viduallcd for the Service, and the Seamen have every one their ftiotcd allowance^ out of which they have little enough lo fpare to Strangers. But tho there were ViL^nals enough aboard the Neilegree, yet lo weak as 1 then was, I had more mind to relt my felf than to eat: and the Shipwa:? fo peftcrcd with Goods, that I could not hnd a place to hang up my Hammock in. Therefore it being fair weather, I made a ihift to lye in the Boat that I came aboard in. My Flux was violent, and I fleept but little ; lb 1 had the opportunity of obferving the Moon totally F^lipfed, hid I been in a condition to obferve any thing. As foon as I per- ceiv'd the Moon to be Eclipfed, 1 gazed ar it indeed^ as I lay, till it was totally obfcured, which was ci pretty while: but I wasfo little curious, that 1 re- membred not fo much as what day of the Alonth it was , and 1 kept no Journal of this Voyage, as 1 did of my other,- but only kepc an account offeveralparticular Remarks and Obfer- Vations a5 they occuried to me. I lay % or 4 days >. Q l;^?'1 m ^48 Wajhiffg for Fluxes. Tire, 7;.r688thu> intMs Boat, and the people of the Ship werc - -•-^-' io kind as to provide me with neceffaries : and by this time the Moon had got a Pafs from the Dutch Caprain then in the Road/or 4 or yco Dollars^as I was then told, and Captain Thw^^it delivered them their Ship again^ but vvhat terras he made with them, I know not. Thus that fr^y was over, and we came alhore again : recovered of the fight we had been in. In >i fliort time alfo after this, the Achinefc all agreed to own the new Queen, and fo the War ended without any Bloodlhed. I was perfwadcd ro wafhin the River, Mornings and Evenings, for the recovery of rny Health : and tho it feemed flrange ro mc before 1 tryed it, yet I found ^0 much comfort in the firfl trial , that I conliantiy applycd my felf toit. I wentinto theRi- ver.till th.c water was as high as my walie, and then I ftooped down and found the water fo cocl and refrelhing to my body, that 1 w:^s always loth to go our agriin. Then J was f;;nribie that my Bowels were very hot, for 1 found a great heat within me, w hich I f uind rcfi eiht by the cool water. My food was Sait-fiih broyled, and boy led Rice mixt with 'fire. Tire is foid about the Streets there : 'tis thick fower Milk. It is very cooling, and the Salt-filh and Rice is binding; therefore this is thought there thepiopcr food for the common People, when rhcy have Fluxes. But the Richer fort will have 6"'^^^, which ib brought to Acbin from other Coun- tries, and Milk of Aunor.ds. But ro rc:urn ro the ftate of Achin^ before I go oft f OR) it i ih.all add this Ihoit account of theSea- fonsofycar th.ere, that their weather is much the Time as m oth.cr Countries Noirh of the Line, and tluir dry Scaions, Rain?, and Land- floods come macli ac the 1 :nc time, asat To7jijnin and other places ofNoirli r.Trirude. Only as ^r/j/w lies within a few Degrees of ihw Lir.e^ fo upon tiic Suns crofiing the Line Rains aft d Floods at Acbin. I49 Line in March, the Rains begin a little fooner there ^?7.i68S than in Countries nearer the Tropick o^Camtr : and when they are once fer in, they are as violent there as any where. I have feen it Rain there for 2 or ; days without intermiflion ; and the River running but a fhort courfe, its head not lying veiy far withinLand, it loon overflows • and a great part of the Street of the City, (hall on a fudden be all under water,* at which time people row up and down the Streets in Canoas. That fide of the Cty, towards the River efpecially, where the Fo ei[.n Merchants live, and which is lower ground, iifrc- qiently under water in the Wet Seaion : a S .ips Longboat has come up to the veryGate of omEngHjh Fadoiy laden with Goods • which at other times is ground dry enough, at a good diftance from ihe River, and moderately raifed above it. I did not tind the heat there any thing different from other places in that Latitude ; tho i was there both in the wet and dry Seafon. 'Tis more fupportable than at Toncfuin ,• and they have conftantly the RefrefH- ment of Sea and Land Breezes every 24 hours. ? CHAP 150 An,i6SS Tie Author goes aboard again. CHAP vin. The A, f re fares to go for Pegu. Among others a Ship arrives here from Merga 7«Siam. Of the Majfacre of the Englifh thire. His in- tended Cargo for Pegu. The Arrival of other Englifn men from the City of Siam. The A» fets out for Malacca injiead of Pegu. T^ey are hecalmed^ and foon after in great danger of running agrourid, Ihe Coafl come from Siam: and I was fen: . Lo taxe poircflion of her^ about the begin- f Miij^ 1680, lie who was defigned tc mancl tg others am. Of His in' of other The A. J. They It clanger Sumatra y. They ) 5 where )ors from o Parfe- jles near Malacca bed : the he Portu- refiding he Fruits te of the a good Rattan- n hack^ tc :ed, I vvu: from M(i- Captain 1 wasieii: he begin- eiigned tc; manci The Cargo intended for Pegu. 151 niand her came to Achin Mate of the iVtZ/mc'e : ancLf>:.i6S8 we were now to iio to Vcgu : but before the mid- ^-^v^""^-^ d!e of y«w^he left the employ^ being fick, and loth to go at this dead time of the year to Pegu, becauie the VVefterly wind was fet in flrong, andthcCoalc Q^PegH is low Land, and we were both unacquaint- ed on the Co.ifi:. 1 w:is then made Commander, and took in goods in order todepartfor thatCoan".In the mean time Mr. Co'-jratry arrived in his Ship from the Coaft oiCoYomandd laden with Rice, and a fmali Veifel belonging to Captain Tyhr came alio fiom Mtrga much about x\-\^ fame time. This lait Ship had been at Mirga a confiderable time, having been feized on by the cS/^w/rej, and all the men imprifoned, for fome difference that h]:>- pened between the £w^/i//jand them. Neither was a Prifon then thought hard ufageby them, fordurin^^ the Havock was made of the Engllj!) there, many of thofe who lived at Mero-a were malfacred. Thofe who were imprifoned were kept there till all the Englifj who lived at the City of Sia^, on the other lideofthe Kingdom, withdrew from thence .- and then thefe men had their liberty reftored alio, and their Ship given them, butnogoods, norfi- tisfa6lion for their lolTes, nor fo much as a Com- pafs to bring with, them, rnd but little Proviiion, Yet here they fafcly arrived, this being a better Ship that I was gone aboard of, Captain T;'/cr im- mediately fitted her up for the Sea, inoider to lend her to Pegu. By this time my Veffel was loaden, and my Cargo was eleven thoufand Coco-nuts, for 6oowaitoF Sugar, and half a dozen Chelh of Drawers of Japan work, 2 were very large, dedgned for a pre- fent to the King. Belidesthis, Capt iin 7)/cr, for fo we ufed to call him, tho he was only a Merchant, faid he intended to (end a good qu nci y oFGoid thither, by which h.e expected to giin (^ ,:iS7o p r • '> V 1 5 2 Cold cir:d Kntmcgs for Pegu. ^.i688Ccwr ,• for by reporc the YJ\ng o^ Vegu had lately buiit a very magniHcenr Viigoda^ and was gilding it very richly vvith Gold : befides he was making a large Image of MalTy Gold for the chief Paged o^ this Temple. By this means Gold was rifen in its value here : and Acbhj being a place abounding in thjt metal , much of it had already been fent thi- ther fiom hence^ and more vi/as going in other VelTe's, belonging to the Mocrs of Achl»^ befide what Captain 7>/cr defigned to fend. It was now about the middle of Augujl ; and rho I was ready to fail, yet I was ordered to flay for Captain 7)'/tT's other VelTel, till jlie had taken in her lading, which was daily fent off! Her Cargo alfo was Coco nut?, and fhe had about 8 or 90C0 already aboard : when I received an order from Captain Tyler to hale aboard of her, and put all my Cargo into her,* as alfo all my Water-cask and whatever elfe I could fpare that they wanted -^ but withal he delired me to be fatisfied , and told me I iliouidina flioit time be lent to Sea: but that Ship being the biggcfl, he thought it more conve- nient to difpatch her hrfl. I prefently did as I'was ordered,-and finding thatl^ould notgo thisVoyage, J fold alfo, my fmall Cargo, which confifted only of (bme Coco-nuts, and about 100 Nutmegs, which had the Shells on as they grew on the Trees. I bought all that I could meet with in the Town, and paid abous ; J. a piece, and expeded to have had J 2 J. a piece for them at Pegtty where they are much efteemed if the Shells be on^ for elie they don't value them. About this time the George^ a great Engliji} Ship belonging to one Mr. D^/rcw, arrived here from the City of ^/W;^ coining thro the Streights of A^/z/^rc^. He !i d been the clunie years, Trading to and fro , ' 'Mc Voyages ■ but the late .here by the death of the King, King, a aufed tl Bmch w not fuife ihip can over ,• fc which cc death of were the yielded treated t rhey had long bef Fort Si. G particulai Princes, t at the Fc For that ; ton , and fufed to ti have root Houihold Men, Wc They v Achifij bei and in th< when the and hired gers : and had form< Surrat, bu came to Fort, and well in tl ,t''e Comp thence, the Mercl mander 0I Englifh returned front Siam. 153 King, and the unhappy fate of my Lord FaIcon^An,t6SS CJufed the Englifli to withdraw from thencc The French were all fent away fomeMonths before ^being not fufFered to liay in theKingdom : but before this Ship came from thence, the broyls cf State were over ,• for the new King being fettled, all tumults, which commonly arife in thefe Countries at the death of the King, were appeafed. The Englifh were then defired to ftay there, and thofe who had yielded up their plrxes ard offices, wereeven in- treared to accept them again , for they owned that rhey had all ferved the Nation faithfully. But not long before the Revolution, the Governour of Fort Si. George fent for all the Englijl) from thence particularly, and from the fervice of all other Mian Princes, to come and ferve the Enfi India Company at the Fort, or wlTere clfe they fhould fend them. For that reafon they all came away with Mr Dal- ton , and he, in kindnefs to his Country-men, re- fufed to take in Goods or Freight, becaufe he would have room enough for their PalTage, and their HouQiold Goods : for here were fome Families of Men, Women and Children. They were a long time coming from Siam to Achin^ becaufe they came againft the Monloon- and in their paffage they touched at Malacca^ and when they arrived at Achin^ Mr Daiion went afhoar ^ and hired a Houfe, as did alfo moli of his PafTen- [: gers : and among the reft Captain Ailmljin^ who ' hid formerly ferved the Ea(t India Company at Surratj but on fome dilguft left that place and came to Siam. There he was made Gunner of a Fort, and maintained his Wife and Family very well in that employ, till the Revolution there, and t'e Companies orders came and called liim from thence. Fie being now defticute of employment, the Merchants there thought of making him Com- mander of the Veffel that I was in, becaulb Cap- tain %M II P, Pb 1 11 H 8 : 1 MK ■ te 1 54 The A, goes for Malacca. An.\6%% tain TyUr was minded to fell part of her. Accord- C^'YViingly they met about it, and the Veffel was divid- ed into 4 parts, ; of which was werepurchafcd by Mr Dahon^ Mr Ceventry^ and Captain Minchin^ and Captain Tyler kept the 4th. The next day Captain Miwi:^/w came off, with an order to me, to deliver him the polTeflion of the Ship , and told me, that that if I liked to go his Mate, I might ftill keep aboard till they had agreed on a Voyage. I was forced to fubmit, and accepted a Mates employ under Captain Minch'm, It was not long before we were ordered for Malacca to buy Goods there. We carried no Goods with us, befides ; or 400 pound of Opium. It was atont thQmlddlQ o^ September, 1689. when we failed from Achin. We were 4 white men in the VefTcl, the Captain, and Mr Coventry^ who went Supercargo, my felf and the Boatlwain. For common Seamen we had 7 or 8 Moors : and gene- rally in thefe Country Ships the White men are all Officers. Two days after we left 4chm^ being becalmed under the Shore, we came to an Anchor. Islot long after, a Ship coming in from the Sea- ward, came to an anchor about two mile a head of us. Mr Coventry knew her to be a Damjl) Ship be- longing to Trangawhar '^ and therefore we hoifled out our Boat, and thought to have fpoken with her : but a fmall breeze ipringing up, they weigh- ed their Anchors, and v^ent away ; neither woii'd they fpeak with us, tho we made figns for them to ftay. We weighed alfo and jogg'd on after them, but they failed better than we. We met little winds and calms, fo that 'twas 7 or 8 days before we got as far as Diamond-foint^ which is about 40 leagues from Achin. Being about 4 leagues (Kort off that point. Cap- tain M'mchln dcfned me to fet the Land, and withal prick the Card, and fee what courfe we ought to keec Th i>'^ all n and we hac sing E. S. After I \ Ibin to 1 ook jwe mult ft felf, he asl* told himE land then lleemed to i Captain a I thought th well ac 8 a run alLore perfifled i Minch'm of fently afte of :he S. ^ fail. WhI we fet oui ordered t Southwar bin tillal fet the W of a Thi Land : y faw the furprized the Con S. E. inft< board, a and we When off Land the Lar courle. They are in danger of Shipwreck, 155 ^e>p all night ; for it was now about 6 a clock, Viv^88 ind we had a fine gale at W. S. W. our courre yet'*^ leing E. S.E. After 1 had fet the Land, I went into the Cab- Ibin to look over the Draught, to fee what courfe we mu(t fteer after we came aboui the point. Mr {Coventry followed me^ and when I had fatishcd my felf, he asked me what courfe we mift lleer? I jtold himE. S.E. till 12 a clock, if the gale Hood, and then we might hale more Southerly. He feemed to be flartled at it, and told me, that the Captain and he had been pricking the Card, and thought that a S. E. or S. E. by S. courfe would do well at 8 a clock. Ifaid it was a good courfe to run alhore ,• he argued a long time with me, but I perfifted in my opinion, and when I told Captain M'mchin of my opinion, he was well (luisfied. Pre- fently after this we had a pretty ftrongTornado out of :he S. V^ which obliged us to hand our Top. fail. When the ftrefs of the Weather was over, we fet our Sails again, and went in to Supper, and ordered the man at Helm not to come to the Southward of the E.S. E. We ftayedin the Cab^ bin till about 8 a clock, and then we came out to fet the Watch. It was now very dark, by reafon of a Thunder cloud that hung rumbling over the Land : yet by the flallies of lightning we plainly faw the Land, right ahead of us. I was much furprized, and ran into the Steeridge to look on the Compafs, and found that we v/erc lleering S. S. E. inftead of E. S. E. I clapt the Helm a Star- board, and brought her to N. E. by E. and N. E. and we very narrowly efcap'd being call away. When we firft went to Supper, we were ; leagues off Land, and then E. S. E. was a good courfe, the Land ly':ig E- S, E. parallel vvich our Buc 155 Eher Dilly. Frefj Water at Sea. ^n.i6Z^ But then the Man at Hehii miftaking his Com- pafs , fleer'd S. S. E. which runs right in upon the Shore. I believe we had alio fome counter- current, or Tide that help'd us in, for we were quickly got into a Bay within the points of Land, So that 'twas now ablolutely neceiiaiy to ftfecr Northerly to get out of the Bay ,• and by this time 'M.xCo'uentry was fatisfied with what I told him in the Evening, and was convinced of his error. I un- dertook to dire6l the man at helm, and the wind continuing, 1 kept off till ten a Clock: then I (leer- ed E. S. E. till 12, and then haled up S. S. E. and in c.ie morning we were about 4 leagues S. E. from i)Uf ind pohjtj and about 5 leagues to the North of The i.and from hence lying S. S. E. we fleered fo ; but meeting with calms again, we anchored feveral times before we came to the River of A7/y, which is 28 leagues from Diamond-point. The Land between feems to be uneven, moft of it pret- ty high, and very woody : and 'tis faid that all this Country, as far as the River Dilly, is under the Queen of Achin. About a League before wa came to that River, being within 2 mile of the Shore, we faw the water of a muddy grey colour, and tailing it, found it to bef\A^eet. Therefore we prefently filled fome of our Water Cask ,• and 'tis an ordinary thing [in feveral places ro take up frelh water at Sea, againft the mouth of fome River, where it floats above the Salt water: but wcniufl dip but a little way down, for fometimes if the Bucket goes but a foot deep, it takes upSalt water with the freili. In the evening we had a fine Land Breeze, with with which we ran along the Shore, keeping on a wind, and founding every now and then. At lafl we were got among the Sholes, at the m )uth of that River, and puzzled to get out again. The River Pulo Verero. Ship from Trangarnbar. 157 iisinLat. ; d. p m. IM. Ic feems to be very large, ^w.i6S8 but it is not well known, but only to the Natives, who inhabit ir^ and they are not very fociablej but are, by report, afortofPirats living on rapin. In the Morni;ig we law a fail (landing oif to an Illand called PtiL t'crcro, lying in Lat ; d. 50 m. N.7 Lea- gues from rlie Mouth of the R'ncv Dilly. Wc having a fair wind, flood after them, intending Ithere to wood and water at Pulo P^nvo, For tho we took no frelh Water the evening before out of the Sea, yet ac the R. of D'tUj/ it was bracki/h: fortho the frelli water is born up by the Salt, and lit might be intire without mixture, yet by plung- ing of theBucketfomewhat too low, V¥e might pro- bably take up lome of the Salt water wit . V They |canie»to an Anchor, about 2 or 5 a clock '!n the [Afternoon: but the Wind flackened, and it was 8 Jock at night before we came thither. We An- Ichored about a mile from them, oud prefently jhoyfed out our Boat to go aboard : i^«i//jShip came alio to an Anchor j but reporting that they were bound to 'flbore^ to lade Pepper, the Dutch told tlicm it was but in vain for them to feek a Trade tlierc ,- for that the King of Jihore had agreed wiih the 5?^rc/j to Trade only with them ^ and tliat to fccure that Trade, they had a Guardlhip lyinij; there. I had this account from the Surgeon, Mr Copp'mger^ whofecmed a little conce^-ncd at it: bccaul'c when he told mc this, he could not tell whether they Ihould proceed thither or no; bur ihcy did go thither, and found all this a fliam, and Tiaded there to iheir own and the Natives fatis- fartion, as lie told mc the next time I met hini. This of 7/6. ?t being bi't a fmall Kingdom on the fame Mahicca Coaif, 'tis not of flrength fufficient to lefiil tiic power of ciie Dnicb: neither could it benefit tiie Dutch to take it, Ihould they attempt it ; for tliC people would probably forfake it, and it ould be too great a charge fur the Dutch to fettle hemielvcs. Ar.d therefore they only endeavoui .... ingrofs the PepjiKir Trade ; and it is probable cnougii that the Dutch might fometimes keep a Guavdlliip there, as they do at other places, parti- cularly atQnL'Ja.PnioOhnliij.&i'.Voi- where thereis any trade to be had, yet not fulliclent to maintain a Factory j or where tiiere may not be a convenieni place to build a Fort, fo as to fecure the whole Trade to themfelves, they fend their Guardlhip^ whicj lyb'g at the r'louthb of the Rivers, deter ihangcis from coining thitiier, and keep the petty PiineesiJi awe ufrh^ni. They commonly make a ihew wo it th to /liew pie ; not o petty the inhab gener; of the poore the I perty. hindre probab lclves,c that tl to do Dutch, way VI But laid aire in good 2000 D rend, tl: but that put »in 1 granted VdTd a' far from ground , very le Hiure ,• c Oa/. dry niile fror fathom ; to the F vie low V •ve couh hip here • :ain Duty glijl) only ace, efpe- that they the Dutch to feek a rad agreed leni ; and Guardlhip s Surgeon, ncd at it: id not tell ' no^ but fliam, and tivcs fatis- [ met him. om on the 1 lufficient could it ttempc it • ic, and it cb to fettle endeavoui probable es keep a ces, parti- hereis any laintain a onvenieni he whole uardd'iipN ers, deter the petty ly make a ihew ^ The Malayans exafpcratcd by the Dutch. 165 /hew as if they did clusoutofkindneG to tliofe peo-//w.r6^S pie ,• yet moil of thern know otherwifc, but daic nor openly refent it. This probably caufesfo niafiy petty Robberies and Piracies as are coinmJLtcd by the Malay am on this Coaft. The Ma'ay.ms, who iniiabir on both lidcs the Streights of M.ilacca^ arc xw general a bold people ; and yet I Jo not lind any of them addidedto J^obbery, but only the pilfering poorerforc, and oven thefc feverdy puniihed anioni; the Trading Malajumsj who love Trade and Pi o- perty. But being thus provoked by the Dutcb^ ar.d hindred ol a f;co Trade by their Guird-ihips, t ir> probable, they therefore commit Piracies thern- lclves,or connive at and incourage thofe who do. -^o that the Pirates who lurk on this CoaW , fejtii to do it as much to revenge themfelves Oii the Diftc/jy for retraining their Trade, as to gain this way what they cannot obtain in way of Tratfick. But to retturn to our concerns here, I havo (aid already, that we had only ; or 400 i.o? Op.irm in goods, the rcll was iu Money to the value of 2000 Dollars in the whole : but wc did not pre- tend, that we came hither purpofely to Trade, but that finding our Veliel unfit for t!ie Sea, we put *in here to meiid and repair her. Leave was granted us for this ; and I prepared ro hale our V^ellel a'hore, at the welt end of the rou'ji, not far from trie fmill lorr. It is there lofc C)a/y ;^round , near a mile oif ihore, and ic deepens very leifurely , beifig ihole water Ju!!: by the Ihore • and when the Tide goes out, it leaves the Oa/. dry a quarter of a mile from the ihore : but u mile from ihore, you have clean land, and about 4 fathom at low Water. Our Veilel lio.ired in cof.- to the Fort, and lay n ot yaids fiom it, and vit low water ir funk down into the iwva] : tlijc •ve could not ti: the 'afcer-pa:-t , as i vvr»;i!-i 1 :; 'is M 3 hav l66 Track of Op'iyxm^ Pepper^ and Spice, ^v.i<^88havc done. Opium^ which is much ufed by th^ s^,^. Mah] ns in molt places, was a great c^oram C< lodity hert- ac this time : but ir is prc'iiblicd GooJ^ aiu] 'I'crcfuiij tho manv asked for r. 've were ill'; cf haviii^^, \ctoo openly known thRt we had any. But in ihoit, Wv Ccvcntry found a Cjirfoniei\ and they Fciind means to get it aihore, while theSoldiers C'f the Fore were at dinner. The Cuflomerwasa Dutch mrn ; and the price he was to pay for it was as much a:- ho was worth : and finding it to be nodghr, he wculd i,ave be-:: off his bargain; and 'vhen ^ ir. Cr.nj.p.tr^ would n.)t releaf.; him, he abfjontkd ■ •- \4r Oyvint-rj saving an intereft in th;' '/j-.v. no o^'irr.^"'!ed rhe Mans Wife to pay for the Of^w.vi, um': : hicoFGold ; for to yi: OrjintT) called it. The ^'y^./Z'^/z/^/tr chid Mr. Co- "jentij for imugg'ing with an inferiour, when he mi^:;'rit have done it better witl\ him : but flood his f-i.iv.i in compelling the Woman, tho unjuftly, • for the 0/5///W. I faw thi. Dutch m^n on. A Ills own Velfel, when he had bought the ■v/; /iw, and he was very penlive and fad. He had a pictty fineHouie without theGaccs^ and a Garden, waich maintained his lamily with Pot-herbs, Sallading, and Fruic:*, bciides fomc for the Mar- ket. Ihis was managed by his Wife, and he himfilf had 2 ^^\ .r.ps ; and either imployed them, in Trading an'.-ng tl/C Malayans for Pepper, carrying them fiich Commodities as they wanted, elpccialiy Op:ti?n^ or by hiring himfelf and Sloop to the Dutch Raft India Company, to go whither they would fend him. It was noc long llnce he he had been at the Spice Ifiands with Rice, which he fold at^ a p^'ohtable rate : but he told me he was not hiiiered to bring any Spice from thenCe, except 8 or TO pound for his ownfpending : nei- ther was there To much prolic that way for him, a: /i as by on the other f felves rieSjOr nearer Malacca this h the Op been Wife n it again to take utterly examin nothing Here Canes, Velfel, brough kind tl' Trade Revolui cfren dr tuy. V Cables > Captair work t fuch w fervicea with ei the An me, fw fee w he difcern then ( by plac ice. ed by th^ >mmodity d God J', were {\\\ had any. •niei\ and beSoldiers mer was a pay for it iding it to bargain ; \: him, he n incereft s Wife to '.d ; for fo id Mr. Co- when he flood his unjuftly, ch rnan on >ought the He had a a Garden, Pot-herbs, the Mar- , and he yed them, Pepper , ^ wanted, and Sloop I whither I llnce he cCj which Id me he m thcncc, iing : nei- for him, a: Hard Bargain, Ratt^fn Cahlesr 167 as by Trading at home among the Malayans^ eichcr/iw. 16^8 on the Coaft of /Malacca or Sumarta. For tho he and other ff eeMen are not (uffer ed to Trade for them- felves to any places where thf.Company haveFado- rieSjOr Guardlbips,yet they could nndTradc enough nearer honie, and by this Trade the Freemen of Malacca pick up a good livelihood. It was on this home Trade that he was now bound, and the Ofium had been very beneficial to him, had ic been good : but he went away, and ordered his Wife not to pay for it, but left Mr Ccventry to take it again ; and upoiMhc Shjl^amlcrs compelling hci- to take it and pay for it, fhe complained they were utterly undone, for the Opium^whcn it cjmc to be examined was really very bad, and worth little or nothing. Here Mr Co'ventry bought Iron Bars, A rack. Canes, and Rattans, wherewith we loaded our Velfel, which was now fet afloat again. The Dutch brought molt of our goods aboard, and were more kind than I expected, for they had nor ufcd ro Trade with us, and I believe the news of our Revolution \nEngland\\Ad fweetned them ; for they often drank the Konings healch with us very hear- tily. While we were here wc made 2 ne'. ' Cables of Rattans^each of them 4 inches abour.Our Captain bought the Ratruis, and nired a Chinjje .. work them , who was very export ac miking fuch wooden Cables. Thcie Cibles I found ferviceable enough after, in moorii.g the VelTt' with either of them ; tor when I cirricd f>i!C the Anchor, the Cable being thrown oi;: L^fcer me, fwam like Cork in the bea ; lo thit f. could fee when it was tight, which wc cannot fo well diicern in our Hemp Cables, whofe wei^h.c links then down: nor can we cvry them one but by placing 2 or :; Boats at fomc diltance alunder, M 4 to 1 to8 They prepare to leave Malacca. -^.i688ltobuoy lj. the Cable, while the Long Boat rows ^■^•v-^.out the Anchor. To conclude with Malacca our goods being all aboard, we fiil'd our water' and got all in a readinefs for our departure back again. The A. and t CHAR being wea bought a f iier alfo w (-ommande ^or 4 Mai •\nips in ^'apcain Jli ^'^in and f The Author departs fro w\hhcc:i. 169 CHAP IX. The A. departs /r^;« Malacca. They lofe a yard and rctftrn to refit. They fet out aga'ut^ and run on a Shole^ hut get ofi'ivith the flood, Pulo Sambilong. They lofe their Mizen-yard , and put into Pulo Dinding. The If/and and Fort dejcr the d'-:, theoppofteCoafi, Tntaneg , a fort of Tin, The E nmity bctrveen the Dutch here^ and the Malayans on the Coaji, A Ren- counter with them. They leave l^. Dinding and arrive at Achin. The efcape of fome Engli(h Prifoners out ^/Bengal. The A. fet s out again from hchin^ and arrives at? on St George. Its pleafant ProfpecL He goes thence to Bencouli in Sumatra. /// fight at Sea, P^/«^ ^/Sillabar. TheSciluation ofEeU' couli, Houfes^ Weather^ Soil, Tru/ts^ Ani- fnals^ and Inhabitants, The Pepper Trade here and elfewhere,7he firft fettle went of the Fn - gli(h /»ere.Ti6e Fort 5 and ufage of the Natives, The Conclufion of the Supplement. W'"E departed from M^Lff<7 towards ^o^'/V; about the middle of November 1689. Mr dz'aitry being weary of Captain Mimhins C ompuny, had bought a fmall VelTel of ~ or 8 Tuns, and laded her alfo with the fame kind of goods. This he commanded himfelf, having a Portu^ucje Pilot, aiid ; or 4 Marine-f under him, and we fet out both ^hips in Company tcgerher. We had now in Captain M.r.chini Ship, but 2 wl.ite Men, the Cnp- I'^in and I^ the Boat fwain being ^one with Mr. Co- r r 170 The Ship runs on a fioal, An.i 6S 8 Coventry : but we took in as a Paffengcr one Mr. U^V^^rl Richarch an En^lifliman^^ who having lately married a Dutch Woman at Malacca^ came abroad us with her, to go as paflengers to Ach'm with us. Wc had a Land Wind in the morning, and about II a Clock had the Wind at N. W. a pretty ftrong gale : and at 12 our fore-yard broke in the middle. We made ligns to Mr. Coventry to bear down to Us ; who weighing before us, was a mile to windward of us ; but he kept on, fearing to return, as having bought his Ship tliere by Irc.ilth: and we therefore returned alone into Malacca Road. As foon as we anchored, Mr. Rhhards was fent alhore to buy a new yard ,• 1 gave him the length and bignefs. It was Evening before became aboird again, and he brought aboard an old yard nvach too big and too long for us. This piece 1 'hortned and fhapcd to my rr.ind, and by 12 a CUock at night, h';d it fixt and flung, rigg d, and the fail bent to it. Then we weighed again having a imall landWind; but the Tyde of Hood was againll us, and drove us to the Eafhvard. When the Ebb came we jogged on, and got about ; leagues , anchoring when the Flood came^bccaufc the Winds were againftus. Thus we continued plying with theEbb,and ancbo- ring every ^lood, till we came to Vulo p,,rj alore, whc^z the Capt^..i cold me he would not go out the fame way we came in,as I would havcperfwaded him, but kept the Malacca Shore aboard, and pad wichin the Sholes. But in a few liours after we ran upon aShole, driven on it by the Tide of Flood, which here fetto the Eallward, th.o by our Reckoning it fhouid have been half Ebb, aiul the Flood fh-^uld havefet Weflvvard, as we had ic all the red ofthe way from Mahcca : but the Sholes probably caufcd lome whirling about ofthe Tidc.Ho'vcver,theSaiid we were firuck upon was not above an 100 yards incircumfeience, and the Hood being rifing, vvc waited p. Sambilong. P. Dinding. I7f w.iited the time of high water, and then drove '/w.i^^SS I over it, having Tent our Boat to dircovcr how tlie "^ iSholcs lay, while our Ship was aground : Mr Ri' \mrtls all the while being in great fear, left the Malayans fhould come off in their Boats and attack the VelFel. We were now afloat again, and foon got without all theSiioles : yet we did not ftand over towards Su- mtr/ty but coafted along neareft the Malacca fhorc, it being now moft proper for us fo to do yet; for having the winds Wefterly, we could not have bear under the other fliore. 2 or ; days after this wc had C]g\\t o(i^omcli\i]ndsca\\cd Ptilo Sambilong, which in the Malayan Language lignifies nine Iflands, there being fo many of them, lying fcattering at unequal diftances from each other. It was near oneof thefe Iflands,that CaptainA//Wjiw in a former Voyage was like tolofe his hand by a prick with aCat fiihes Fin , as I have laid in my former Vol, p. 149. and tho his hand was cured, yet he has loft the ufe of it ever fince; and is never likely to regain it more. We ftood in pretty near the lliorc, in hopes to gain a frerti Land Wind. About 10 a Clock the Land Wind came off, a gentle brccz, and vve coafted along Ihore. But a fmall Tornado coming ofFfom the fliore about midnight , we broke our Mizcn y:'rd, and being near a Dntch Idand called ThIo D'nidmg^ vve made in for it, and anchored there the night enfuing , and found there a Dutch Sloop,mann d with about ;o Soldiers at an anchor. This is a fmall Id md lying fo nigh the main, that Ships pafting bv cannot know it to he an Ifland It ib pretty high Land and well watered with Brooke. The mold is blackilh, deep and fat in the lower ground : but the Hills are fomewhat Rocky, yet in general very woody. The Trees arc of divers forts, many of which are good Timber, and la'-^c enough for any ufe. flcre are alio funic good for Malts and Yards j* they being naturally M M" il ^7^ The Fort and Bafj(pietiftg Honfc, '^„ j^gj^light,yct tough and icrviceable.Therc s good riding onthc Eaft fide, between the Ifland and the Muin. You may come in with the Sea breeze, and go out with a Land wifid, there is water enough, and a fecurc 1 larbour. The Diitch^ who are the only Inhabitants, have a Fort on tiic i\w\\ fide, clofe by the Sea, in a bend- ing of the lOand, which makes a Imall Cove for Ships to anchor in. The Fort is built 4 fquaic, without Flankers or BaiHons, like ahoufe: every fquareis about ro or i a yards.Thc Walls are of a good thicknefs, made of (lone, and cariieo up toa good hcighth, of about ;> foot, and covered over liead like a dwelling Houlc. There maybe aboi't I » or r4 Gnns in it, feme looking out at every fquare. Thcfe (iuns are mounted on a ilrong Platform, made within the Walls, about i^^ Foot high,- and there are iteps on the outfide toafcend to the Door that opens to the Platform, there be- ing no other way into the Forr. Here is a Go- vernour and about 20 or % > Souldiers, who ai! lodge in the Fort. The Soldiers li ive their lodging in the Platform among the Guns, but the Go- verfiour has a fair Chamber above it, where he lies, with fome of the OlHcers. About a hundied yards from the Fort on the Bay by the Sea, there is a low timbered Iloufe, where the Go vernour abidc'j 111 die day time. In this iloufe thciO wore two o^ three Rooms foi their ule, but the chiefeit was the Governour Dining Room. This fronted to the Sea, and the end of it looKed towards the Po! t. Hiere were two large Windows of about -^ or 8 foot fquarc; the lower part of them about 4 or ^ foot from the ground. Thefe Windows were wont to i)e left open all the day, to let in the re- fre (Ling breeze ^ but in the night, when the Go- vernour withdrew to the Fort, they were clofed with ilrcaig nmicers^, and the Doors made fait till the fc. §ood riding i the Main. ie, and go loughj and .nts, have a , in a bend- II Cove for t 4 fquarc, ufe : every is are of a iSQ up to a )veted over y be about uc at every ri a lirong at 1^^ Fog: le to afcend , there he- re is a Cjo- ^s, who al! heir lodging t the Go- where he a hundicd 5ca, th T''' cr lovcrnour loi J wore vC chiefcit lis fronted Awards the if about ••' about 4 )ws were n the re- the Go- re doled fait till tho Tutaneg, a fort of Tin. 17 3 the next day. The Continent of Malacca op--^'^*^^^ polite to the llLind, is pretty low champion Land, cloathcd with lofty Woods ,• and right againit the Bay where the Dutch Fort ihnds, there is a naviga- ble River for fmall craft. '1 iie produd of the Country thereabouts, befides 1^ ice and other eatables, is Tutamg, a fort of Tin; 1 thir.k courfer than ours. The Natives are Ma^ kjar.i^ who, as I have always obferved, are bold and treacherous : yet the trading people arc affa- ble and courteous to Merchants. Thele are in all refpcc'-is, as to their Religion, Cullom, and manner of 1-iving, like other Ma- lajans' Whether they arc governed by a King or Raja, or what orher manner of Government they live under 1 know not. They have Canoas and Boats of their own, and with thele they tifh and raffick among rhcn^feivts: hut the lin Trade is that which has formerly drawn Merchanc Strangers 'hither. But tho rhe Country might probably yield ^reat quantities of ti.ismctai, and the Natives are not only inclinable, but very delirous to trade Vv'ith Strangers, yet are they now retrained by the Dutch^ who have nuj:iopoliz*d that Trade to them- felves. It was probably for tlie lucre of this Trade that the Dutch built the Fort on the Ifland ^ but this not wholly anfwering their ends, by reafon of the (liflance between it and the Rivers mouth, which is about 4 or ^ miles, they have alfo a Guardfhip commonly lying here, and a Sloop with 20 or ;o armed men, 10 hinder other Nations from this Trade. For this Tutancg cr Tin is a valuable Com- modity in the Bay o{ Bengal ycmd here purchafed rea- fonably, by giving other Commodities in exchange : neither is this Commodity peculiarly found here- abouts, but farther Northerly alfo on the Coait ; and particularly in the Kingdom o^ L^mcla there is much of it : The Dutch aiib commonly keep a Guard- A. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 149 i|2.0 2.5 2.2 U IIIIII.6 VI e /a m ^ c^l '•/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 o ^sv 7i ^ 1 74 -^^^ Vrovijions imported to P. Dind ing. i-4«.i688Guardrnip, and have made fome fruitlefs elTays to bring that Prince and his Subjedls to trade only with them ^ but here, over againft P.DrWiw^, no ftrangers dare approach to trade 5 neither may any Ship come in hither but with confent of the Dutch, Therefore as foon as we came to an Anchor at the Eaft end of the Ifland, we fent our Boat afliore to the Governours, to defire leave to wood, water, and cut a new Mizen-yard. He granted our re- queft, and the Boat returned again aboard, and brought word alfo that Mr Coventry touch'd here to water, and went out that morning. The next morning betimes Captain Minch'm lent me a/Lore to cut a Yard. I applyed my felf to the Gover- iiour^and defired one of his Souldiers might go with me, and fliew me the beft Timber for that ufe; but he excuied himfelf, laying that his Souldiers were all bufie at prelent, ■ but that I might go and cut any Tree that I liked. So I went into theWoods, where I law abundance of very fine ftrait Trees, and cut down luch an one as I thought fit for my turn ; and cutting it of a juft length, and Gripping ofFthe Barkjl left it ready to be fetcht away,and return'd to the Fort, where I dined with the Governor. Pre- fently after dinner, our Captain, with Mr Rich^rii and his Wife came afhore, and I went aboard. The Governor met them at landing, and conduc- ed thCkO into the Dining Room I Ipoke of, where they treated the Governor with Punch, made of Brandy ,Sugar, and Lime-juice, which they brought with them from aboard : for here is nothing, not lb much as the Governors drink, but what is brought from Malacca : no Herbs or Fruit growing here : but all is either fetcht from Maliuca. or is brought by the Malayans from the main. It is not ihrcugh any lierility in the Soyl, for that is very far, and fruitful : neither is it through lazinefs of the Dtitch^ for that is a Vice they nx liCt guilty cf: buc An alarm froM the 'M:i\zy2t\s, 175 but it is from a continual fear o^ x\i^ Malayans^ with^w.i6bS whomtho they have a Comnierce,yet dare thcv net trult them fo far, as to be ranging about the lllund in any work of Husbandry^ or indeed to go fp. - from the Fort, for there only they are iL-Ic. Put roi crura to the Governour , he , to retaliiate the Captains and Mr Rkhardss kindnefs, lent Bcjt a fifliing , to get fome better entertain- ainment for his Guefts, than the Fort yielded at relent About 4 or ^ a Clock the Boat returned vith a good diih of Fifli. Thefe were immediately reft for Supper, and the Boat was fent out again oget more, for Mr Richards and his Lady to carry board with them. In the mean time the Food n% brought into the Dining Room, and placed n the Table. The Dillies and Plates were of ilver,and there was a Silver Punch Bowl full of Li- uor. The Governour, his Guefts, and fome of his fficers were feated,but juftas they began to fall to, neof the Souldiers cried out, Malayans^ and fpoird he entertainment : for immediately the Governor, ithoutfpeaking one word, leapt out of one of he Windows, to get as foon as he could to the Fort. is Officers followed, and all the Servants that at- end'^d were foon in motion. Every one of them 00k the neareft way, fome out of the Windows thers out ot the Doors, leaving the ? gue(h by hemfclves, who foon followed with ail the haile ley could make, without knowing the meaning of hisfudden confternation of the Governor and his eoplc.But by that time theCapt.andMrR/VZ-Wiand is Wife were got to the Fort, the Governour who vas arrived before , flood at the door to re- eive them. As foon as they were entered the ort, the door was /hut, all the Souldiers and Ser- ants being within already : nor was any manfuf- sred to fetch away the Vic^luals, Or any of the late; but they Hred fsveral Gun?, to give notice to l! • ij6 Indians /^/A to fight inihe Rahf, Au^css to the Malay avi that they were ready for them ; but none of thcni came on. For this uproar was occailoned by a Malayan Canoa full of armed men that hiy skulking under tlie Ifland, clofe by the fhore : and when the Dutch Boat went out the fe. cond time to fiih, the Malayans fet on them fud- denly, and unexpected, with their Creflets and Lances, and killing one or two, the reft leapt over- board, and got away, for they were clofe by the ihore^ and they having no Arms were not able to have made any refinance. It was about a mile from the Fort : and being landed, every one of| them made what hade he could to the Fort, and the firll that arrived was he who cried in that man- ner, and frighted the Governour from Suppei. Our Boat was at this time alliore for water, and was filling it, in a fmall brook by the Banquetting- houfc. I know not whether our Boats crew took notice of the Alarm, but the Dutch call'd to them; and bid them make halte aboard, which they did; and this made us keep good watch all night, having all our Guns loadcn and primed for lervice. But it rained fo liard all the night, that I did not much fear being attacked by any Malayans '^ being inform- ed by one of ourSea men whom we took in at M^i- Licta, that the Malayans feldom or never make any attack when it rains. It is what I had before ob- feivcd of other hd'mv.s^ both VLafl and Wcfi : and t.hu tlicn they might make their attacks with tlie ^rcateil advantage on men armed with Hand Guns, yet I never knew it pracVilcd ; at winch I have v.;ondcicd, for 'tis then that vvc moft fear them, ap.d th.cy mi^^lit he then mofi" fuccef^ful, becaufe their Aims, which areufuallv Lances and Crellecs, which thcle MaLryans hadjCOuld not be damaged by tiic raiii> as our Guns would be. But they cannot endure to b. in tlie rain : and twas in the evening, bvfoie ihc Kciin fell, rhiC they aliaulted tiie Dfitcli The A Dutch Boat, weighed, ani having failed mies, they ai in our Boat t cut the day b Timber, tha Woods. Ca] being acquair fend a Souldi( beft for our u: cut a fmall Ti that which I diately went i bent my Sail, Evening Cap Wife came ab Fort ; and tc a/hore. We now w us out. The Rain, with Tl At one a doch up our Ancho Ifland,and we intending to leagues farthe the Sea Winds near the (hore day the Wind over for Sumai Diamond Point we got, in abc end of No'uent Here we fo 2 or 5 days be with his Paffei mand, I kep den, and thci )r them; )roar was ned men, 2 by the Lit the ie- bem fud- ifTets and apt over- 'fe by the t able to It a mile y one of 'OTt, and hat man- Suppet. iter, and quetting- rew took to them; ley did; having But it ot much ; inform- n at Mil- lake any :fore ob- cfi : and iv'ith tlie id Guns, I have lar them, becaufe Crellets, laged by cannot evening, ted the Vntih The Authors lafi Arrival at Achin. 177 dutch Boat. The next morning th^ Dutch Sloop y^w. 1689 weighed, and went to look after the Malayans : but having failed about the Ifland, and feeing no Ene- mies, they anchored again. I alfo fent men artiore in our Boat to bring on the Mizan-yard that I had cut the day before : but it was fo heavy a kind of Timber, that they could not bring it out of the Woods. Captain Minchin was ftill alhore, and he being acquainted with it, defired the Governour to fend a Souldier, to fliew our men what Trees were beft for our ufe : which he did, and they prefently cut a fmall Tree, about the bignefs and length of that which I cut, and brought it aboard. I imme- diately went to work, and having fitted it for ulc, bent my Sail, and hoyfed it up in its place. In tl e Evening Captain Minchin and Mr Rtchards and his Wife came aboard, having ftaid one night at the Fort ,• and told me all that happened to them alhore. We now waited only for a Land Wind to carry us out. The former part of the night we had much Rain, with Thunder and Lightning ; but no Wind. At one a clock we had a fmall Land Wind, and got up our Anchors. We got out before day clear of the I(land,and we fleered ale ';' fliore to theNorthward intending to keep this fhore aboard for 20 or ?o leagues farther,, if the windsdid not favour us ,• for the Sea Winds were now at N. W. This day we kept near the (liore, and the night enfuing s but the next day the Wind coming at N. and N. N. E. we flood over for Sumatra^ and the next evening we p:ifl by Diamond Point : and the wind coming at E. N. E, we got, in about two days moic^ to Jchifi^ aboui the end of ISlo'uemher 1689. Here we found Mr Coventry, ^vho liad got hither 2 or 5 days before us. Captain Minchin went iifhorc with his PafTengers, and was Gifchar^ed of hisConi- mand, I kept aboard till all tlie good^ v. ere unla- den, and then lay afhore, and was v-iy liJ: fv)r a i ' ' * ■ 17& Ihc A,' s final dcparUtrc from Achin. A^^.'^-',o ioiti\\yi}\t of a kind of Tcvcr. But after Chri(lmas I was fent aboaid again, by order of Mr Coventry^ who had then bought out Mr Daltons and Capt. Ti- hrs jLares, to take charge of the VefTel, which he then laded with Pepper , Cubebs ( which I think grow iomewhere in Sumatra) and Tutanegg , which ijo bought of an Englijl) VefTel that came fiomQuedn to Jcbin ; and with thefe he had alfo fome of our . Malacca Cargo, which we kept onboard, i^iz*. Rat- tans aiid Walking- canes. With this Cargo we were bound for Fort St. George. We took in alfo two£«- glijh PaiTengers, who had efcap'd out of Prifon in the Moguls Country. The one belong'd to the De- fence, Captain HeatVs Ship, which I came home to England in afterwards,* he was Purler of it :the other was Midfhip man \n thtTrincefs Anne yvKxch. returned to England at the fame time. But during our War with the Mogul thefe Ships had been in the Bay of Btngd, to fetch away our effects from the R. of nitgl)\ Thefe 2 men, with 2 or ; others, went a- Ihore upcn fomeoccafion, and were taken Prifoners by the Moguls Subjeds -^ who fent them a greatway lip into the Country, where they were kept in clofc Cuftody, and often threatned with Death. The o^d Anahob^ or Governour of the Province,be' iff; rfMiov'd, and a new one coming thither, he re- leafed thefe men, and gave them leave to go to the Sea fide, where finding a D^fc/jShip bound to ^B^f^- 'Via J thefe 2 and one more went aboard her, the fcfl: gelling other pall age : but ill e meeting with that tngli^i Ship coming from ^«eJ^, which brought t\\?.T(itancirg I but now mentioned to Acbin^ they left the Dutch Ship, and went to Achln with the other Engij[h VefTel ; and thofe 2 were now for go« in^j; vviih uf :o Port St George. Tv/ah about New-years day, 1690. that we fet out from Achin again : We (teered away toward the Nicou.ir Iflands, and came in hght of that, which ! had (ormeily been ictaihore uppn* But leaving If mas I apt.Ti- lich he I think , which m Queda e of our fiz,. Rat- jve were two En- 'rifon in ) the De- home to he other returned our War g Bay of he R.of went a- Prifoners bi leaving Arrival at F. St George, //»^ Bencouli. 779 it on our Star- board, we Itood more Northerly up ^w. 1^90 into the Bay ; for by Mr Coventry I had Icarru there were Northerly and North Eafterly Winds in the Bay at this time of year. We flood over therefore as high as Vallacat • and having then a fair North Eaft Wind, we run along the Coaft till we came before lort St George^ which was about the middle of January, I was much pleafed with the Beautiful profpec^ this place makes ofFat Sea. For it ftands in a plain Sandy fpot of Ground, clofe by the lliore, the Sea fometimes wafhing its Walls • which are of Stone and high, with Half Moons and Flankers, and a great many Guns mounted on theBattlements: lo that what with the Walls and fine Buildings within the Fort, the large Town of Maderas without it, thcj Pyramids of the Etiglijlt Tombs, Houfes and Gar- dens adjacent, and the variety of fine Trees Icar- ter'd upanddown, itma^esas agreeable a Landskip as I have any where feen. But 'tis not my defign to enter into aDefcription of a place fo well known to my Country-men cs this is. It may fuffice to have mentioned it ; .4 .d that after fome months ftay here, and meeting wirli }A:Moody and Jeoly zht painted I'rince, I prepared ro go for Sumatra again^ to Bencoull, as I have faid in my jformer VoKp. ^12^ I fet out from Ftrt St George with Captain Ho-wel in July, 1690. we fleered a pretty way along the Coaft of CorowW^/, before we flood S^'izxiov Sumatra ^ and then made the befl of our I way for BencouU. I have in that Volume fpokeii of |my Arrival there: but having given no account of the place, I (hall do it briefly now, and fo fliut up I this Supplement, BencouU l)es on the Weft Coaft of thclflandof Su- \mcitra, in about 4 d. S. Lar. It is a pl:ice notea jCnough at Sea, by rcalbn of a high flender Hill irx |the Country. Ithasafmall llland before it within : which Ships ride. The point of Sillalar lies 2 or ; N 2 L^ague^ m Bill, If; if ''li' '■■ 'w'i '. 'A 1*. i i8o Bcncouli d. Bmldingy Weather^ Soil. >^» 1 6^0 leagues to the Southward of it, and runs out fartlicr than any part of the fliore, making a fmall bay within it. Befides thefe marks, when you come within 2 or 1 Leagues of the Ihore, you'll fee the EtigltjhV o\t fronting to the Sea, which makes a fine ihow : On rhc N. W. of the Fort is a fmall River, at the mouth of which is a large Store-houfe to put Pepper in. About a quarter of a mile from the Sea (lands a fmall Imlian Village, clofe by the River, on the fame fide that the Fort is on, and but a fmall di (lance from it . The Houfes are fmall ynd low, all built on pods, after the Malayan manner, as at Mindanao and Achin; for 'tis a Swamp that th.c Town Hands on: but the Afalajant ulually choofeto build infuchlow places near Rivers, for the convenience of wafliing themfelves, which they greatly delight in ,• as 'ris indeed a part of their Keligon as Mahometans : and if they can, they will have theirHoufes (land on pods over the River. The Weather here is none of the pleafanteft. There arc gieat Rains, chiefly in Septewbery oBober^^ and Novtmkr, and pretty great heats. But when the Wind blew hard, which 'twould often do, the Air would be chill : and the Sea-breezes in fair wea- ther were gepcrally pretty fre/h and comfortable. Tiie Land Winds coming over Swamps, ufuallyj brought a (link with them. 'Tis in general an un- healthy places and the Soldiers of the Fort were I ficklyand died veryfaft. On the South fide ofthe| 3Fcrt is a fair champion Savannah, of a mile or 2 Square, called Greenhil. It produces long thick Grafs: I :hc N W. part of it fronts the Sea, and the S:E. is| bounded vvjch lofcy Woods. Tlic Soil of tiiisCountry is very different, accord- i Ing CO its dtifcrent polition *. for within Land 'ti)| hilly, yec thofe hilis are cloathed with Trees;! which ihews it ro be fruitful enough. The low Land, near the River, elpecially near the Sea, ij| fwampy, producing nothing but Keeds, or Bamboes. b«c Trees^ Fruits^ Bea/^s^ Birds, Malayans. i3 j but the higher ground, which is of a icafona- ^w.,^,c)o ble heigth, is very fruitful. The mould is deep, and v/-V"n^ !$ either black or yellow : and in fome places clay ; or fuch mould as is very proper for making Bricks. The Trees in the Woods are moftly large bodied , ftraight and tall: they areof divers forts, fome or other of them fit for any ufes. The Fruits of the Country are much the lame as at yichin and Malac- ca,viz. Liraes,Oranges,Guava's,Plantains,Bonanoes, Coco-Nuts, Jacks, Durians, Mangoes, Mangaftans, Pompkins, Pine-apples, and Pepper. The Roots are Yams ,andPotatocs: Rice grows here pretty well alfo; but whether the Natives fow enough for their own fpending or no, I know not. The Land Animals are Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Wild Hogs, Porcu- pines, Guanoes, Lizards, &c. The tame Fowls are Ducks and Dung-hill Fowls, both in great plenty. The wild Fowl are Parrots, Parakitcs, Pidgcons, Turtle-Doves, and many forts of fmaller Birds. The Natives alfo are fwarthy Indians like their Neighbours of ^c/>/w. They are Ilender, ilraighr, active, and induftrious. They are focixble and defj- rousofTrade-.but if they are affronted,they are trea- cherous and revengeful. They live together in Towns I and fpeak the Malayan Language : con- forming themfelves in their habit, food, and cu- ftoms :o other Malayans; who are all, fo far as I learnt, of x\\q Mahomet an ^zW^xon, There are fome Mechanicks among them; a few Smiths: but molb of them are Carpenters, and let themfelves out to hire to the Englifh at the Fort. The Hatchets they work with are fuch as they ufe ^i Mindanao^ focon. trivcd as toferve alfo for an Ads. Here are alfo Jifliermen, who get a livelihood by FiPuing ,• and there are feveral Ibrts of Filhon the Coafl, besides plenty of Green Turtle : fuch of the Malayans as live near the En^lijlj Fort are ulually employed in the Eafi Mia Companies fervice^ to work for them ; i ;i : i82 Pepper^ its Growth and Trade, >^w.i69othem: but the Country people are moft Husband- ^^V^sj men. They plant Roots, Rice, Pepper bufhes, &c. Pepper is the chief vendible Commodity in this Country. It thrives very well on all the Coafl 5 but thegreateft quantity of what is exported from hence, is either brought down this River out of the Country , or fetched fromUllabar, or other places bor- dering en the Sea,in fmallVeirels.Pepper"grows plenty in other places of this Ifland,* as atlndraPore, Pan- gafamm, Jamby^ Bancalts, &c. It grows alio on the Ifland Jtiva, on the Coafts of Malacca, Malabar^ Cochlnchina^ &c. The Coaft of Malabar is faid to produce the beft^ or at leaft there the Natives take moft care to have the beft, by letting it grow till it is full ripe ,• for which reafon it is larger and fairer than here, where they gather it toofoon, to avoid lofing any: for as (bon as it grows ripe, 'tis apt to Ihed and fall in wafte to the ground. It was the Pepper Trade that drew our EngU^f) Merchants to fettle here. For after Bantam was loft, our Englijlj who were wont to trade thither for this Spice, were at a great lofs to regain the Pepper Trade, which now was in a manner fallen with the other forts of Spice into the hands of the Dutch : Tho the Pepper which we were wont to fetch from Ban- tam did not all grow on ths Ifland Java^ nor perhaps the tenth part ofitj for as 1 have been informed it came moft from Sumatra, particularly from BencouU^ and the adjacent parts. For this reafon it behoved our Merchants to get an Intereft here to prop up their declining Trade. Yet, as I have been told, thefuccefs was more owing to the Natives of this place than themfelves ; for that fome of the Ra^a^ of the Country fent Ambaffadors to Fort St. George to invite the Englifl) hither to take pofTeflion, be- fore the D/^rc/:? should get it; who are never flack to promote their Intereit, and were now fetting out on the fgme delign. But however that were, th- S^glijh had the good fortune to get liici^.er ftril - though Bencouli. Fort defcrib'dK^diS ulus'd. 183 though fo narrowly, that th^Dutcb were within an^».i^9o ace of preventing them, their Ships being in fight before our Men got aJhore. But the Dutch coming thus too late, were put by of their dcllgns^ for the EuglHh immediately got afhorc feme Guns, and ftood ready to defend their intercih This might happen about the year i68y, as I was informed; for they told me it was ^ or 6 years before I came hither: and the Engltpt immediately fortified them- felves. The Fort, as I faid before, fronts to the Sea, and Aands about 100 paces from the River. There has been a great deal of coft bedowed on ic, but to little purpofe ,• for 'tis the moft irregular piece I ever faw. I told the Governor the belt way was to new Model it, and face it with Stone or Brick, either of which might be eadly had. lie faid he liked my Counfel, but being faving for the Com- pany, he rather chole to repair it, by the making fome Alterations ; but IHll to as little purpofe, for 'twas all made ground, and having no facing to keep it up, 'twould moulder away every Wet Seafon, and theGuns often fall down into theDitches.What was poffible to be done I endeavoured to do while I was there. I made the Eaftionsas regular as I could upon the Model they were made by : and whereas the Fort was defigned to be a Pentagons^ and there were but 4 of the Baftions made, I Oaked our ground for a yth, and drew a Plan of it, which I gave the Government ,♦ and had 1 fiaid longer I Ihould have made up the other Raltion : but the whole Plan is too big by half for fo forry a Garrifon ; and the beft way of mending it, is to demolifh ail of it, and make a new one. The Fort was but forrily governed when I was there,' nor was there that care taken to keep a fair Correfpondence with the Natives in the Neighbour- hood, as I think ought to be, in all Trading places erpecially.When I came thither there were 2 Neigh- bouring Rajas in the Stocks^ for no other Reafon.but 'be- '■ ^Hl Iffiul 1 ffi i m 1 1 1 m Ifv til 1 84 CockrFight'wg. Conclufion of the Supplement jin.\6qo hccaufc they had not brought down to the Fort fuch a quantity of Pepper, as the Governor had fcnt for. Yet thefe/2 --idi an attempt to furprize the Fort , under Pretence of a Cock match ; to which they hoped the Garrifoa would come out, to /hare in the Sport, and fo tr.e Fort be left with (mall defence. For the Malayans here are great Lovers of Cock-fighting, and there were about 1000 of them got together about this Match, while their armed Men lay inambufli. But it fo hapened that none of the Garrifon went out to the Cockmatch, but one John Necklirt,2L Dane, who was a greatGamefter himlelf:and he difcoveringthc Ambufh, gave notice of it to the Governor ; who was in diforder enough upon their approach ; but a few of the great Guns drove them away. I have nothing more to add, but what concerns myfelf , which is notfo material, that I fliould need to trouble the Reader with it- I have faid in my for- mer Volume, p. f 19. upon what motives I left Bencculi : and the particulars of my Voyage thence to England are alfo in that Volume : fo that I may here conclude this Supplement to my Vojage round the World. FINIS, t fuch nt for. confi- erated en in- Fort, \uf the [t ( ch ttw f to ••■-■; ' rr-ndi ncc v)f irrifoa fo the talayans I there mt this 1. But out to , who ingthe ; who but a •ncerns d need ly for- I left nee to ly here tnd the Y' •ay w- */ :ia, He els "he m fid ''ih Us of n- 184 Cock-F 'An.\6qo becaufe a quant Yet the derabic ac thele formed under t Fort, 2 indiffet have C Back-S Artille: an attc a Cod would Forth here a were? Matd it fo h the C was a Ambi wasii few c Ih myfe to tr( mer^ BffKO Etifrlt o cone \2C tontainin of Cam and Par The Authors j foundland fetting out ^ the Caribb arrives at therey and Eaji and 1 Mugere^Ca the Mount lowns , t. Lookouts. Selam, Si fffi Arriva ■I • I -I'lh Mr. Dampiers Voyages TO THE Bay of Campeachy. Vol. II. Part II. 'Containing an Account of the Bay of Camfeachy in the Weft. Indies , and Parts adjacent. CHAP. I. \(he Authors firft going to Sea, to France, to New- foundland, and after to the Eaft Indies. His fetting out for the Weft Indies. Of St. Lucia , the CmhhC'lndhns^ and Captain Warner. He arrives at Jamaica 5 His Ahoad and Travels there^ and firft Voyage to Campeachy. The 'Eaft and North of Jucatan defcrihed. Key- MugerejCape Catoch,^M^ its Logwood-Cutting ; the Mount and its Salt-Petre Earth Jhe Indian lovpns , the Tarpom-Fi(h , Fijhermenj and Lookouts. Rio de la Gartos, Salt-Fonds, Selam, Sifal, and Cape Condecedo, His firfi Arrival at Ifland Trift, in the Bay of A a Cam- V .' 1 w ,m ii *1 i\i. LHau t/iis ^Uan he/^re JPiirt v Z\ ^l^i^J^, chuck AuL \f. Campeachy.' His anchoring at One-BuOr Key, and Entertainment among th§ Logwood^ Cutters. The efcape of four Englijh Prifoners from Mexico and Campeachy. He return for Jamaica , and is chafed by two Spanijh Feffels, The difficulty of their taffagehack,y and his falling foul of the Alcranes Ifles. Ik Boobies and Egg Birds there^ &c Sword^'Ejh, Nurfes, Seals, dec. Of Captain Long and otheu Shipvprack^d here, the Soundings hereabout: He paffes through the Colorado Shoals^ ad Anchors near Cape St, Antonio in Cuba 5 ad coajiifjg by the Ifland of Pines, Anchors at the IJland of Grand Kaymap. He goes hack, Ad Anchors at Ifland VmQS, its Produ5ly Racoons, hand'Crabsy fierce Crocodiles^ Cattle^ &c. fli? ftands off to Sea again^ and with the help o/l a feafonable Norths after much difficulty^ arrival at Jamaica. AMong other things referr'd to in my former Volume, I mentioned an Account I intended to give of the Bay of Campcdchy^ where I lived fiiil and laft about 3 Years. I fhall now diicharge my lelf of that Promile *, and becaufe my Campeachy -Voyages were, in order of time, before that 7'OHnd the Worlds I (hall upon this occafion go fo far back as to Ipcak brieliy of my firft going tv 6V.V/, and the Rambles I made till my fetting out for Campeachy, My Friends did not originally defign me for tk Sea , but bred me at School till I came to Year> fit for a Trade. But upon the Death of my Father and Mother, they who had the difpolal ot me, tcok other Meafures ^ and having remov'd me jrom the Latim School to learn Wr'nwg and Arith Jhe Authors firfl go'wg to Sea. j Arithmetick^ they foon after plac'd mc with aMader /!n. i^:;. of a Ship at Weymouth^ complying wich the Incii- t«nr>J nations I had very early of feeing the World : \' Vith him I made a Ihort Voyage to bw/za^ :, and return- ing thence , went to Newfoundlarui , b'jing then about Eighteen Years of Age. in this Voyage I fpent one Simmer •, but ib pinched with the rigour of that cold Climate, that upon my return I was abfolutcly againft going to thofe parts of the World -^ but went home again to my Friends. Yet going up, a while after to London^x\\Q otter ota iK\irm Voyci^e and u long one^both which I always deiired,l6oii carried me to Sea again. For hearing of an Ounv.ird-hound Eiiji India Man, the John and Jllir/ha r-i Lcvu/on^ Capt. Earning Commander, I entredmy ielr'.iLoard, and was employed before the Mait , for Avhich my two former Voyages had Ibme way qualihed me. We went diredly for Bantam m the Ille of Java^ and flaying there about two Montlis , came home again in little more than a Year ^ touching at St.Jago of the Cape Verd Iflands at our going out , and at Afcenfwn in our return. In this Voyage I gaiivd more experience in Navigation, but kept no Jouriial. VVc arrived at Vlhnouth about two Months teiore Sir Robert Holms went out; to fall upon the D/ach Smyrnii Fleet •, andthefecond D/nch ri^/;^x breaking out upon tliis, 1 forbore going to Sea that Summer, retiring to my Brother In Somer/er-JI^ire. But growing weary of Haying afliore, I lifted my felf on Board the Royal Frince , Commanded by 5ir Edrvard Svrag , and lerved under him in the Year 1673. being the laft of the Dutch War. V\ e had tliree Fn- gagements that Summer ^ 1 was in tw^o of them, but tailing very fick, I was put a Board anHofpital Ship^ a day or two before the third Fngagement, feeing it at a diftance only •, and in this Sir Edward Sprag was kill'd. Soon after I was feat to lianmh. with A ;* 2 the 1)1 t m.^ 4 7he Authors firjl Voyage to the Weft-Indies. An. 1674. the rcll: of the Sick and mounded : And having langui- ^-^"Y^^ Ihcd a great while, I went home to my Brother to recover my health. By this time the War with the 'Dutch was con- cluded •, and with my health, 1 recovered my old liiciiuarion tor the Sea. A Neighbouring Gentleman, Coiloijel iieiiier of Edfl-Cokcr in Sonierjetjhi?-^' ^ Rjy Native Parifli , made me a feafonable ofte; to go and manage a Plantation of hisin/jw^//a/,under one Mr. Wbal/cy : tor which place 1 let out wiih Capt. KcTit in tlie Content of London. 1 was then about 22 Years old, and had never been in the Wc{\ Indies ^ and theretbre, leil I might (3e trapan'd and Ibid as a Servant after my arrival in Jamaica^ I agreed with Capt. Kent to work as a Seaman for my PafTage, and had it under his hand to be cleared at our fiift arrival. We tailed out of the River Thames in the beginning of the Year. 1^74. and meeting with iavourable Winds in a thort time got into the Trade-wind and went merrily along, Iteering for the llland Barb a does. When we came in tight of it Captain Kent told his PafTengers, if they would pay his Port-Charges he would anchor in the Road, and ttop whiltt they got refrefhment: But the Merchants not caring to part with their Money, he bore away, di reeling his Courte towards Jamaica.^ llie next Ifland that appeared in our view was ^t.lMcia. 'Tis diftant from Barbadoes about 30 Leagues, and very wealthy in large Timber-Trees fit for all ules. for this Realbn 'tis often vilited by the En- fjijl\ who flock themfelves here with Rollers, 6^^. liicy have endeavoured to lettle an Englijh Co- lony there, but hitherto unlliccelstuliy, becaute of the Caribbe-Indians. The Caribbees are a fort 0^ Warlike Indians., de- lighiii.g to rove on the Sea in Periagoes or large Canccb, Their chicfeft Habitations are on the main-, but Bt. Vincent i; Car ibee- Indians, but at certain Seafons of the Year they vifit the lllands for their pleafure. Bjrlhidnes was fbrmer- iy much frequented by them •, but fince the Fn- glilh fettl'^d there they have been forced to abandon if , and content tiiemlelves in their Sea- Voyages, or with fuch lllands only as are not pollcls'd by the Euro'pcuns •, except where they have hopes of conquering •, as they have done at St. Lucia. Near the Main wliere thefe Indian-': live , lies lahag'\ which , when it was firlt lettled by the Dutch, was much infefted by them. Thefe' Indh ans , as 1 have heard , irad tbrmerly Planta- tions on moft of the Canhhe Ijhmds ^ and in their Sea Voyages did uie to remain 3 Weeks or a Month ;it a time on an Illand,, and then remove to ano- ther ^ and fo vifit molt of them before their re- turn to the main. St. Vincent is another of thefe Iflands lying near St, Lucia : We paifed between them ^ and feeing a fmokeon St. Lh,ia^ we fent our Boat afhore there. Our Men found lome of the Qinbee-lndians^ and bought of them Plantains, Bonanos, Pine Apples, and Sugar Canes •, and returning aboard again^therc came with them a Canoa with 3 or 4 of the Indians. Thele often repeated the word Captain JVarntr^ and Teemed to be in fome diiquiet about him. We did not then underftand the meaning of it ^ but (ince I have been informed that this Captain JVar- nt'r\ whom they mentioned, was born at A?nego^ one of our Englifh Jilands, and the Son of Gover^ nour Warner.^ by an Indian TVoman^ and bred up by his Father after the Englifi manner •, he lear- ned the Indian Language alio of his Mother •, but being grown up, and finding himfelf deipifed by his %///^ Kindred, he for look his Fathers Houle , got away to St. Ljicia , and tht^re lived among ihe Cariobe Indians .^ his Relations by the Mother, B b 3 fide. 5 Indian Warner kjWd. fide. Whore conforming himfelf to their Cu- ll cms he became one of" their Captains, and roved from ont llland to another, as they did. About this time the Qmbbees had done Ibme fpoil oi our EngliJ}} Plantations at Antego : and therefore Governovr lV(ir;7frs Son by his Wife, took a Party of Men and went to fupprels thole Indiam •, and came to the place where his Brother the Indian Warner lived. Great leeniing Joy there was at their Meet- ing ^ but how tar it was real the Event Ihewed-, for the Englijh Wormr providing plenty of Liqoior, and inviting his half Brother to be merry with him, in the mldlt of his Entertainment ordered his Men upon a fignal giveii co murder him and all his Ind'uvns ^ which was accordingly perform.ed. The Kcalbn of this inhumane AQion is diverfly repor- ted •, Some fay that this hiduinW arner committed all the ipoil that was done to the Englijh ^ and there- fore for that Reafon his Brother kill'd him and his Men, Others that he was a great Friend to the Englijl\ and would not fuffer his Men to hurt' them, but did all that lay in his power to draw them to an amicable Commerce •, and ^hat his l^rother kill'd him , for that he was afhamed to be related to an Indian. But be it how it will, he was calfd in quellion for the Murder, and forced to com.e home to take his Tryal in Eng- land. Such perhdious Doings as thefe, befide the Bafenefs of them, are great hindrances of our gaining an Interelt among the Indians. Putting from thefe Illands we fleered away fur- ther Fl^r//, and falling in with the Ealt end of hijpaj.'iola^ we ranged down along on the South iide even to Cape Tiburon^ which is the Weft-end of the Uland. There we lay by, and lent cur Boat alhore •, for Captain Kent had been infc^med that there were great Groves of Orange-Trees near this Cape ^ But our Men not finding any, he tlreii concluded concluded th{ informed my that there ar^ hence we fte lived in a fhoi they had of 1 Here accor aiely dilcbarg Sfanijh Toivn meeting with CoU. HMer\ ourway thithc Plantation, at Otra and Cacui large River, \ up the ftreanr fide. The w; great deal ab Cary He/liar^ way. For he cur, he and till they foui up perpendia much difficul that belongec through the there was a 1 blowing up t made a way with a Pack Ride through Some other different gooc He was a lefs had he ', advaiitagious endeavouring but did not His Arrival a^ Jamaica, 7 * concluded there were none : But 1 have been fincc An. 167^, informed my ielf by leveral that have been there, ^ V ^ that there are enough of them thereabouts. From hence we fteered away for Jamaica., where we ar- rived in a fhon time, bringing with us the tirit Newi they had of the Peace with the Dutch. Here according to my Contraft, I was immedi- ately diicharged ^ and the next day I went to the Spanijh Toivn , call'd Sant^ Jago dc la Vega ^ where meeting with Mr. IVhalley.^ we went together to Coll. Hellier's Plantation in 16 MUe-iKidlk, In our way thither we paft through Sir Tho.MudJijord^ Plantation, at the Ajigelh^ where at that time were Oita and QacaO'Tnes^oWv% ; and fording a pretty large River, we paft by the iide of it 2 or 3 Miles up the ftream, there being high Mountains on each fide. The way to 16 Mile-walk was formerly a great deal about, round a large Mountain ^ till Mr. Cary Uell'iar^ the Collonel's Brother, found out this way. For being defirous of making out a fhorter cur^ he and Ibme others coafted along the River, till they found it run between a Rock that itood up peipendicularly fteep on each fide , and with much difficulty they climbed over it. But a Dog that belonged to them, findmg a hole to creep through the Rock , luggefted to them that there was a hollow PaflTage •, and he clear'd it by blowing up the Rock with Gunpowder, till he had raade a way through it broad enough for a Horfe with a Pack , and high enough for a Man to Ride through. This is called the hollow Kock Some other Places he levelled and madeit an in- different good Paffige. He was a very Ingenious Gentleman, and doubt- lefs had he lived, might have propagated feme advaiitagious Arts on that Ifland. He was once endeavouring to make Salt Petre at the Angells , but 4id not bring it to Perfeftion. Whether the Bb 4 Earth I M. II '1 ' 1 ;' - li •• . « m lidi 8 Mount Diabolo^ An,\6i\, Earth there was not right, I know not •, but pro- ^^^VXJ hably there may be Salt-Fetre-Earth in other Places, cipecially about Paffage-Fort, where, as I have been informed , the Qnes will not make good Sugar , by Reafon of the faltnels of the I liv'd with Mr. Whallj at \6 Mjle-walk for almoft fix Months, and then entred my felf into the Service of one ( .-n Hem'wg , to manage his Plantation at 5/. Anns , on the Northfide of the Illand, and accordingly rode from 5/. Jago de la Vega toward St, Anns, Ihis Road has but lorry Accommodations for Travellers. The firft Night I lay at a poor Hun- ters Hut, at the foot of Mount Diabolo on the South lide of it , where for want of Cloaths to cover me in the Night I was very cold when thj Land wind Iprang up. I'his Mountain is part of the great Ridge that runs the length of the Illand from Eaft to Weft -, to the Eait 'tis calfd the Blew Mountain , which is higher than this. The next Daycrofling Mount Diabolo^ I got a hard Lodging at the Foot of ir on the North fide ^ and the third day after arrived at Captain Hemin£s Plantation. I was clearly out of my Element there, and therefore as loon as Captain lieming came thither, I difingaged my felf frohi him, and took my pal- fage on Board a Sloop to Port-Royal^ with one Mr. Stathaw^ who uled to Trade round the Ifland, and touched there at that time. From Fort-Royal I lail'd with one Mr. EJhook, who traded to the North-fide of the Illand, and fometimes round it : And by thofe coafting Voy- ages I came acquainted with all the Ports and Bays about Jamaica , and with all their Manu- fa£lure^r-, as alfo with the Benefit of the Land and Sea-winds. .For pur Bufinefs was to bring, Goi)ds V .. - to 'dk for ilf into manage [ifide of >. Jag^ ons for ^ Hun- on the •aths to 1 when Ige that which Mount t of it arrived ;, and thither, ly pai: Lth one Ifland, Vifhook, 1, and g Voy- :s and Manu- id and Goi>ds to Voyages tmards Campeachy. 9 to, or carry them from Planters to ?ortRcy\i! •, and An. 167$, we were always entertained civilly by them, both in ' ~ ' their Houles and Plantations, having Liberty to walk about and view them. They gave us alio Plantains, Yams, Potatoes, dJ^V. to carrv aboard with us ^ oq which we fed commonly all our Voyage. But after fix or feven Months, I left that employ alfo, and fhipt my felf aboard one Capt. Hudfcl^ who was bound to the Bay of Cimjieachy to load Lcgijcood. We failed from Tort Royal about the beginning of AuguJ}^ in 1(575. in Company with Capt. Wren m a Ihiall Jammed Bark , and Capt. Johnfon Com- mnnder of a Ketch belonging to New-England. This Voyage is all the way before the Wind, and therefore Ships commonly lail it in 12 or 14 Days ^ Neither were we longer in our Paffige ^ for we had very fair Weather, and tonch'd no where till we came to Trift Illand in the Bay of Campeachy^ which is the only place they go to. In our way thither we ^t lailed by little Caima?2e^^ leaving it on our Larboard fide, and Key Monbrack^ which are two fmall Iflands, lying South of Cuba. The next Land we faw was the Ifle of F'^'^es ^ and fleering ftill Wederly, we made Cape C rien- cs : And failing on the South fide of Cuba , till w-e came to Cape Antonio^ which is the Weft end of it, we ftretched over towards the Femnfula of Jucatan^ and fell in with Cape Catoch^ which is in the Extream part of that Promontory, towards the Eaft. The Land trends from this Cape one way South about 40 Leagues till you come to the Ifland Cozumel^ and from thence it runs S. W. down into the Bay of liondiirai\ About 10 Leagues from Cape Catcch^ be- tween it and Coziwic' lies a fmall Ifland called by the Spaniards iCtj-i^I/(^r A-, oiWomens:lJland'^ becaule 'tis reported that when they went firfl: to fettle in thele parts lo Cafe Catoch and its Logwood. An,\6i<,, parts they left their Wives there, while they went ^•^''VVJ over on the main to find Ibme better Habitarioii : Tho' woyN they have no fettlcment near it, whatever they have had formerly. About 3 Leagues froin Cape G;W;,and juft agaii>(| it is a linall Illand called lj)ggerhcadKcy ^probably becaule it is frequently viiited by a fort oF Turtle lo called-, near this Ifland we always find a great ripling which Seamen call the Rip-raps. This Cape, tho' it appears to be part of the Main, yet is divided from it by a fmall Creek, Icarce wide enough for a Canoa to pals through, though by it 'tis made an Ifland. This I have been credibly informed of by ibme, who yet toJd me that they made a lliift topafs it in a Canoa. The Cape is very low Land by the Sea, but fome- what higher as you go further from the fhore. It is all overgrown with Trees of divers forts, efpecially Logwood ^ and therefore was formerly much freauented by the Jiwniica Men, who came thither in Sloops to load with it, till all the Logwood- trees near the Sea were cut down ^ but now 'tis wholly abandoned, becaufe the Carriage of it to the fhore requires more labour, than the cutting, logging and chipping. Befides they find better Wood now in the Bays of Campeachy and Honduras^ and have but little way to carry it •, not above 300 Pacf:L>. when I was there : whereas at Cape Catoch they utre fbrc'd to carry it 1500 Paces before they left that Place: From Cape Catoch we coalled along by the Ihore, on the North fide 0^ Jucatan towards C^j?^ Ondeccdo. The Coafl lies nearefl" Weft. The diffance between thele two Capes is about '60 Leagues. The fhbre lies pretty level without any vifible Points or Bexjdings in the Lai:d. It is woody by the fhore, and fuH of fandy B.ws and lofty Mangroves. The firft pkice of Note to the Weft of Cape Catechols a fmall Hill by the Sea^call'd the Motfpjt-^znd is Jhe Mount Sah-Petre-Earth. 1 1 it diftant from it about 14 Leagues. It is very remarlc- An. 167 i. able becaule there is no other High-La ud on all this (•VNi/ Coalt. 1 was never afhorc here, hut have met with fome well acquainted with the Place, wiio are all of opinion that this Mount was not natural, but the Work of Men : And indeed it is very probable this Place has been inhabited^ for here are a great many large Cilterns, fi:ppolal to have been made for the receiving of RuinwatLT, for there are no frelh Springs to be toiind here,thc Soil being allfandy and very lalt. So Tlut,as I ha\c been credibly informed by an intellige,,; Peribn, the Spaniards do fetch of it to make Sali-iVtre. He alio told mc, that being once theie iij a Privateer, and landing Ibme Men on the Bay, they found about 100 Packs of this Earth bound up in Filmeto-leaves^and diSpamft} Alulatto to guard it Thv. I'nvacccrs athrit fight of the Packs were in hopes there had been Maiz or Indian Corn in them, which thty th^^n wanted ^ but opening them they found nothing but Earth-, and examining the Mu- ktto tor what ule it was, he laid, to make Powder, and that he expelled a Bark from Owi peachy to fetch it away. He further told me, that tailing of it, he lound it very ialt ^ •as all the Earth there- abouts was. So that "tis not improbable that thole Cilferns were made for the carrying on a Salt-Petie- Work. But whatever was the deiign at hrlf, it is now wholly laid afide : for there is no ufe made of them ^ neither are there any Inhabitants near this Place. Between the Mount and Cape Condeccdo dole by the Sea, are many little Spots of Mangrove trees, which at a diffance appear like Ulands : but coming nearer, when other lower Trees appear, it (hews like ragged and broken Ground ^ but at lafl: all the Land prelents it ielf" to your view very even. \ The ? ; - if c 12 Indian 'BifheYmeffi An. i6i$. The next Place of Nate on this Coaft is Rio de U Garto almolt in the Mid- way between Cape 'Catocli and Cupe Qondecedo, This alio is a very remarkable Place ^ for here are 2 Groves of High Magnroves, one on each fide the River, by which it may be known very well. The River is butfmall, yet deep enough for Canoas. The Water is good, and I know not any other Brook or frefh River on all the Coalt from Cape Caioch till within 3 oi 4 Leagues of Qampeachy Town. A little to the Eaft of this River is a Fifh-Range, and a imall Indian Hutt or two within the Woods , where the Indian Fifliers, who ar:^ fubjeO: to the Spaniards, lye in the Fifhing-Seafons, their Habi- tations and tamiles being tarther up in the Country. Here are Poles to hang their Nets on, and Barbecues to dry their Fifh. When they go oif to Sea, they fifh with Hook and Line about 4 or 5 Leagues from the fhore , for Snappers and Gropers^ which I have already defcribed in my Voyage round the World. Chap. 4. Pag. pi. Since the Privateers and Logwood-fhips have failed this way, theie Filher-men are very fhy, having been often Ijiap'd by thero. So that now, when they are out at Sea, if they fee a Sail, they prefendy iink their Canoas even with the edge of the Water •, for the Canoas when they are full of Water, will iink no lower,and they themfelveslyejuil: with their heads above Water, till the Ship which they law is pafs'd by, or comes Night. I have feen them under iail, and they have thus vanil^ed on a fudden. The Filh which they take near the fhore with their Nets, are Snooh^Dog-fiJh and fometimes Tarpoms, The Tiirpom is a large fcaly Fifh, fhaped much like a Salmon, but fomewhat flatter. 'Tis of a dull Silver Colour, with Scales as big as a Half Crown. A large Tar po?// will weigh 25 or 30 Pound. 'Tis good Iweet whollbmMeat, and the Flefli folid and firm. In Tarpom Fijh. i j |ln its Belly you fhall find ttvo large Scalops of Fat, An. 1675, weighing two or three Pound each. I never V^v^J knew any taken with HoOk and Line j but are cither with Nets, or by ftriking them with [Harpoons, at which the Mos/iitoMQn are very ex- pert. The Nets for this purpole are made with Itrong double Twine, the Mefhes 5 or 6 Inches fauare. For if they are too linall, lb that the Fifh be not in- tangled therein, he prelently draws himlelf a little backward, and then Iprings over the Net : Yet I have leen them taken in a Sain made with {mall Mefhes in this manner. After we have incloled a great number, whilft the two ends of the Net were drawing afhore, 1 o or 12 naked Men have fol- lowed ^ and when a Fifh flruck againfl: the Net, tht next Man to it gralped both Net and Fifh in his Arms, and held all fall till others came to his afliltance. Befides theie we had three Men in a Canoa, in which they mov'd fide ways after the Net ^ and many of the Fifh in Ipringing over the Net, would fall into I the Canoa : And by thefe means we fhould take two or 3 at every Draught. Thele Fifh are found plen- tifully all along that fhore,fromG//^G//^/; to Tnfi^ efpecially in clear Water, near fandy Bays •, but no [where in muddy or rocky Ground. They are alio about Jamaka^ and all the Coafl: of the Main ^ efpecially near Catihagena. Well: fiom l^o de la Gartos^ there is a Look-out or Watch-tower, called Selam. This is a Place dole by the fhore, contrived by the Spcvihuds for their Indians to watch in. There are many of them on thisCoaft: Some built fiom the Ground with Timber, others only little Cages placed on a Iree, big enough for one or two Men to fit in, with a Ladder to go up and down. Thefe Watch towers are never without an hidiun or two all the day long^ the Indians who live near any of them being obli- b^dto take their turns. About ;.f 2* H It 'it 'U I 14 Lookputs and Sah Ponds. An. i<57$. About three or four Leagues Weftward of Se/am ViOrv is another Watch-Box on a High Tree , called hinchamhee Lookout , from a large Indian Town of that Name 4 Leagues up in the Coun :try i and two Leagues farther within Land is another Town, called Chinchanchee. I have been afhore at thele Look-outs^ and have been either rowing in a Canoa, or walking afhore on all this Coaft, even from Rio de la Gartos to Cape Condecedo : but did never fee any Town by the fhore, nor any Houfes befides Fifhing-hutts, on all the Coaft, except only at Sijal. Between Selam and Linchanchee are many Imall regular Salt Ponds, divided from each other by little Banks i the biggeft Pond not above 10 Yards long and <5 broad. The Inhabitants of thele two Towns attend thefe Ponds in the Months of May , June . and July to gather the Salt^ which lupplies all the Inland Towns of thele Parts ^ and there is a skirt of Wood between the Sea and the Ponds, that you can neither fee them nor the People at Work till ycj come afhore. From thele Salt Ponds further Weft, about three or four Leagues, is the Look-out called SifaL This is the higheit and molt remarkable on all the Coaftj it flands clofeby the Sea, and it is built with Timber. This is the firftObje£t that we make off at Sea ^ a-^-' Ibmetimes we take it for a Sail, till running nearer, we difcover the high Mangrove-trees appearing in fmall Tufts at leveral Diftances from it. Not far from hence there is a Fort with 40 or 50 Soldiers to Guard the Coali: ^ and fi:om this Place there is a Road through the Country to the City oi Merida. This is the chiefelt City in all the Province of Jucatan^ it being inhabited moftly witli Spani- ards : Yet there are many Indian Families among them, who live in great liibje^lion, as do the reft ot' tht hdia;is of this Country. The Province ot^ Ju catan. of Selam , called - Indian he Coun- is another ^n alhore rowing in )aft, even but did Houles xept only are many ach othei lo Yards ns attend June , IS all the a skirt of t you can till yo'j out three ^?//. This he Coafti 1 Timber. Sea '^T^ ig nearer, ippearing 40 or 5c his Place e City of ; Province itli Spani- ; among lie reft ot' e of > catan- John HuUock's/wyr/W. 1 5 cdtan^ efpecially this Northern and themoft Eafterly An, 1575. Part of it, is but indifferently fruitful, in compa- u^V>0 rilon of that iicli Soil farther to the Weft •, Yet is it pretty populous of Indians^ who all live together in Towns •, bi:i iione within five or fix Miles of the Sea, except (as I faid) at two or three Fifhiig Places^ and even there the Indians refort to fi(h but at cer- tain Sealons of the Year. Therefore when Privateers come on this Coaft, they fear not to Land and ram- ble about, as if they were in their own Cowntry, leeking for Game of any fort, either Fowl or Deer ^ of both which there are great plenty, efpecially ot the latter, though Ibraetimes they pay dear for it : A fmall Jamaica Privateer once Landed 6 or 7 Men at this Look-out of Sifal ^ wlio not fufpe8:ing any danger, ordered the Canoa with 3 or 4 Men to row along by the Ihorc, to take them in unon their giving a fign or firing a Gun : But within half an hour they were attacked by about 40 Spanifh Soldiers, who had cut them off from the (hore, to whom they furren- dred themf elves Prifoners. The Spaniards canied them in triumph to the Fort, and then demanded which was the Captain.llpon this they all ftood mute, tor the Captain was not among them ^ and they were afraid to tell the Spaniards lb, for fear of being all hanged for Straglers ^ Neither did any one of them dare to aifume that Title, becaule they had no CommitTion with them, nor the Copy of it ^ for the Captains don't ufually go aftiore without a Copy, at leaft, of their Commifrion,which is wont to fecure both ihemfelves and their Men. ■ ■ At laft one John Uullock cock'd up his little cropt Hat, and told them that he was the Captain •, and the Spaniards demanding his Commiflion, he laid it was ab-^'^rd ^ for that he came afhore only to hunt, not thinKing to have met any Enemy. The Spaniards were well iatisfied with this Anlwer, and afterwards icfpefted him as the Captain, and ferved him with better lU" i ), 1^ Ifles des Arenas. An».i6'j$. better Provifion and Lodging than the reft; and the ^^^y^^ next day when they were fent to the City of Alerida^ about 1 2 or 1 3 Leagues from thence, Captain Hui- lock had a Horfe to ride on, while the reft went on Foot : And though they were all kept inclofePrifon, yet Uullock had the honour to be often fent for to be examined at the Governours Houfe, and was ftequently Regal'd with Chocolate , ^c. From thence they were carried toCa?npeachyTown^ where ftill Captain Hullock was better lerved than his Comrades : At laft, I know not how, they all got their Liberties, and Hullock was ever after call'd Cdptain Jack. It is about 8 Leagues from Sifal to Cape Qondeado-^ Twenty Leagues North of which lyes a fmall Illand caird by the Spaniards Ifles des Arenas^ but the Englifh Seamen, as is ufual with them, corrupt the Name ftrangely, and fome call it the Defarts^ others the Dejarcuffes ^ but of this Ifland, having never feen it, I can give no Account. All this Coaft from • Cape Catoch to Cape Conde- cedo^ is Low-Land, the Mount only excepted. It is moft fandy Bay by the Sea \ yet fome of it is Man- grovy-Land ^ within which you have fbme fpots of dry Savanah, and fmall fcrubbed Trees, with ftiort thick Bufties among them. The Sea deepens gra- dually from the fhore, and Ships may Anchor in fandy Ground in any depth ftom 7 or 8 Foot to 10 or 1 2 Fathom Water. In Ibme Places on this Coaft we reckon our di- xlance ftom the ftiore by the depth of the Sea, allow- ing 4 Fathom for the tirft League, and for every Fa- thom afterward a League more. But having got thus to Cape Conde ce do ^ I fhall dc ler the further defaiption or thefe Parts, ftom this Cape Southward and Weftward to the High-Land of St. Martin^ which is properly the Yi2i^ o'i Campeachys and from thence alfo further Weftward, till my le- cond One-Bufli-Key. Oyfteri. i^ cond coming on this Coal t, when I made ^o long a An, 1575, ft ay here. To proceed there tore with my pre lent ^^^"^V^ V oyage, having part Gipe Catocl\ the Mounts Kw de k Gartos^ Sifal^ and Cape Condcccdo^ we flood South- ward dircftly for Trifle the Haven of our Logwood- Cutters •, at which Place being not above 60 Leagues dillant, we foon arrived. T?ift is the Road only for l)ig Ships. Smaller VelTels that draw but a little Water run 3 Leagues farther, by crolllng over a great Lagune that xr.s from the liland up into the Main-Land •, where they anchor at a Place called One BitJl?Kcy. We flayed at Trift 3 days to fill our Water , and then with our 2 Confbrts failed thence with theTide of Bloody and the fame Tide arrived there. Ihis Key is not I above 40 Paces long, and 5 or 6 broad, having only a little crooked Tree growing on it, and for that [reafon it is called Om-Bufh-Kcy. It feems to be biiiy a heap of Shells, ibr the Iiland is co^'ered with them. The greateft part are Oyfter-fhelLs. [There are a great many Oyfter banks in tnis Lagune, land the adjacent Creeks •, but none aflbrd better, leither for largenefs or talte, than the Bank about Ithis Ifland. In the wet Seafbn the Oyllers as well Icf Onc-Bufh-Key as other Places here, are made pfh by the Frefhes running out of the Country : [But in the dry Time they are fait enough. In the Jeeks they are fmaller, but more numerous •, and the Mangrove-Roots that grow by tlie fides of the "reeks are loaden with them •, and fo are all the branches that hang in the Water. One-Bufh-Key is about a Mile from the fhore ^ and |uft againfl the Ifland is a fhaall Creek that runs a lile farther, and then opens into anothev wide La- June ^ and through this Creek the Logwood is wrought to the Ships riding at the Key, Between tlie^ Oyfter-Banks that lye about the liland and the Main, there is good Riding in about 1 2 Foot W^a-. B b ter 1 < * v\ s , 8 IroUckfom Logopood Cutferi] An. 1 57$. ter. The bottom is very foft Oaz infomuch that we U-^Vs; are forced to (hoc our Anchors to make them hold, The Main by it is all Low Mangrovy-Land, which is over-flow'd every Tide-, and in the Wet Seafonis covered with Water. Here we lay to take in oui Lading. Our Cargo to purchafe Logwood was Rum and Sugar ^ a very good Commodity for the Logwood- Cutters, who were then about 250 Men, moft En- glij}}^ that had fettled themfelves in leveral Places hereabouts : Neither was it long before we hadthef^ Mei chants cam.e aboard to vifit us •, we were but d Men and a Boy in the Ship, and all little enough toj entertam them: for befides what Rum we Ibid by xh Gallon or Ferkin , we Ibid it made into Puncli ivherewith they grew Frolickfom. We had noEs but fmallAimsto fire at their drinking Healths, anil therefore the noiie was not very great at a diftance but on Board the Velfels we were loud enough tii| all our Liquor was Ipent ; We took no Money fci it, nor expe8:ed any ^ for Logwood was wtot came hither for, and we had of that in lieu of 01 Commodities after the rate of 5 Pound per 1\ to be paid at the Place where they cut it -, am we went with our Long-boat to fetch finall Quaiij ties. But becaufe it would have taken up a loi, time to Load our VefTel with our own Boat onlf, we hired a Peri? 1^0 ot the Logwood-Cutters t( bring it on Bc;:;i'l •, and by that means made quicker dilfatch. I made two or three liipsti tlieir Hu.s, where I and thole with me were alwayi very kindly entertained by them with Porkai Peafe, or Beef and Dough-Boys. Their Beef th( got by hunting in the Savanahs, As long as the 111 quor lafled, which they bought of us, we Wiij treated with it, either in Drams or Punch. But fo a more particular Account of the Logwood-Cutted 1 toll refer the Reader to my fecond Voyage hitherj whici which I ma becaufe I H here, if Me But let's latter end from OneBi chored agai we watered accomplifhec from Trift proved very reafon of o (She would n< necelTarily d wife we migj Weeks in ou half that ti We had no ers a Jamaia were taken City 0^ Mex or 8 Months, 0-/^-2, and frc were not \m Board the S found an opp manner, Th( day,and being trive how to that they wan refolved firft which they n knew there Accordingly taking with tl Water,they pi Wore our dep ^^leans under i' W. WoodersV efcape from Campeachy. 1 9 which I made fhortly after my return to Jamaica , An. i^y.^. kcaufe I law a great prolpe^l of getting Money U'VSj here, if Men would be but diligent and frugal. But let's proceed with our Voyage •, It was the latter end of September^ 1675. when we failed from OneBuJk-Key with the Tide of Ebb ^ and an- chored again at Triji that fame Tide •, where we watered our Veifel in order to fail. This we accomplifhed in two Days, and the third day failed from Tr'tft towards Ja?naica. A Voyage which proved very tedious and hazardous to us, by reafon of our fhips being fo lluggifh a Sailer that 5he would not ply to Wind-ward, whereby we were necefTarily driven upon leveral Shoals that other- wile we might have avoided, and fbiced to fpend 1 3 Weeks in our Paiiage, is ufually accomplilhcd in half that time. We had now a Palfenger with us, one Will. Wood^ ers a Jamaica Seaman, that with three others that were taken by the Spaniards, was lent to the I City 0^ Mexico^ where they remained Prifbners 6 or 8 Months, but at lafl: were remanded to La vera \Cruz^ and from thence by Sea to Campeachy : They were not imprifbned, but only kept to Work on Board the Ship that brought them , and foon found an opportunity to make their elcapes, in this manner, They had been imployed afhore all the day,and being lent aboard at Night, they fell to con- trive how to run away with the Boat, but confidering that they wanted Neceffaries for their Voyage they refolved firft to go back and fupply themfelves, which they might then do the better, becaule they knew there were none but a few Indians on Boards Accordingly having leiz,ed and bound the Indians, taking with them a Compafs with fome Bread and Water,they put off to Sea,and arrivd atT;/)? a Week before our departure : And this Will. Woodcrs was the |nieans under God of the Prelervation of our Ship. Bb 2 The :i?l1^l i 20 The /uthor chafedy and narrowly efcapei* /.t. 1^7$. The third day aiier we left T;*//?, about 8 in the W'nr^J MoiiHiig, near 12 or 1+ Leagues W. S. W. ftom c dmpcdrly^ wc law two fail about 3 Leagues to Wind-ward coming direQly towards us, the Captain iiippofing that they had been Jamaica Veflels would have kiyn hy to hear fomc News, and to get feme Liquor Irom them-, tor we had now none on Board hue a iew Bottles in almall Cafe, that the Captain telerved let his own drinking. But W coders with Itood the Captains Propolal, aid told him. that when he came from Qwi peachy there were two Imall Vefl lelLs ready to fail tor 'i if'/'^/r^ River, which is not above 1 1 or 12 Leagues to Leeward of Tr//?, and| that it was more probable thefe were thofe two Vcf fells than any trom Jamaica. Upon this we edged off more to Sea, and they alfo altered their C^ourle (leering away Itill dire8:ly with us ♦, fo that we were now alfured they were Spaniards-^ ar,d| theretbre we put away •, Qpartering, and fteeringM. W. and though they ftill tetch'd on us a-pace, yetl to make the more fpeed they turned a Boat loofJ that was Tow , at one of their Sterns, and m l)cii-.g a good Sailer came v.!.:-''^ Gun-fhot of us J when, as it . '.cafedGod, the Lahu-VVind dyed away of a fuddei;, and the Sea Breez did not yet lpring| up. "While the Wind laded we thought our felvesl but a degree from Pri (oners ^ neither had we yet great hopes of elcaping ^ lor our Ketch, even mm ligi^i^ was but a dull Sailer, worle being deep loadenj f iowever, we had now time to unbend the ForefailJ and make a iiudding Sail of it to put right bel lore the Sea -Breez when it (hould Ipring up. Thijl was accordingly done in a trice, and in lels thananl hour after the Breez (prung up frefh, and we m right before the W^ind. We had this advantage inl ii^ that all the Sail we' \ did us Service: While| on riie contrary, thofe who chafed us, being three Black Cloud, Fijhhig Bank?. 2 1 Maft Veflels, could not bring all theirs to draw ^ for ^"^ i'^'^. their after Sails becalmed their Head-fails, and ue ^^^'^^^ hdd them tack for two or three Hours, r.either gain- ing nor loofing ground. At lali the Wind trefhiuL^ on by the coming of a Tornado, we gained conlide- rably of them •, fo they hred a Gun and left their Chace, but we kept on crouding till Nighty and then clap'd on a Wind agahi, and law no more of them. In about a Fortnight after this, we were got as fir to the EafI: as Rwde la Gartos^ and there overtook us a fmall Barmudoes Boat belonging to Jivna'idi^ which had not been above lo Days come from '/)•//?, butlailed much better than we did. Theretbre our Merchant went on Board of Her, for he law we were like to have a long Paffage ^ and Provih'on began to be Icarce already, which he could not 16 well brook as we. Our Courle lay all along againlt the Trade-Wind. All the hopes that we had was a good North, this being the only time of the Year for it: and foon after we law a black Cloud in the N. W. (which is a fignof a North, but of this more in my Dilcourle of Winds) for two Days, N^ Tning and Evening. The third day it role a-pace and came away very Iwifiiy. We prelently provided to receive it by fur- ling all but our Main-fail ^ intending with that to take the advantage of it. Yet this did us but lit- tle Service-, for after an Hours time, in which it blew frefhat N. W. the Cloud went away, and the Wind came about again at E. N. E. the ufual Trade in thelc Parts. We therefore made ufe of the Sea and Land- Breezes, as we had done before •, and being now as high as the before-mentioned Yijhing Banks on the North of Jucatan^ we lb ordered our Bufinels that with the Land- Winds we run over to the Banks -^ and while it was calm between the Land-Winds and Sea-Breez we put out our Hooks and Lines and B b 3 filhed. '■'t \ \ 11 I ft az 7he Capt, Dif after ^ $urbulent Se^. An,i67$.^ fifl^d. ^^ g^^ V^^^^y ^^^7 Morning : One timi 'V^'Yv; our Captain after he had hard in a good fifh, bein^ eager at his fport and throwing out his Line too ha flily, the Hook hitched in the Palm of his Hand, anc the weight of the Lead that was thrown with a jerk and hung about 6 Foot from the Hook, forcedf th( beard quite through, that it appeared at the back o his riLmd. ooon after this we got as high as the Mount, and thcii Hood oil about 30 Leagues ii:omLand,in hope to g t better to Wind-ward there, than near th fhoic •, bccaulc the Wind was at E. S. E. and S. £.| by E. a freiii gale : continuing lb 2 or 3 days. \Vi licLrcd oft' to the North expeQing a Sea-Breez ati E. N. h. and the third Day had our deiire. Tkn we tack'd and Iteered in again S. E. for the fhoreoi Jitcdian. Our Ketch, as 1 faid, was a heavy Saik 'jfpecially on a Whid : ibr Ihe was very iliort ^ and having great round Bows, when we met a HeadScj, as now \ S\\^ plunged and laboured, not going a Head, but tumbling like an Egg-lhell in the Sea. It was my ioiiune to beat the Helm from 6 3 Clock in the Evening till 8. The firll- 2 Glafles fhc fleered very 11 1 ^ tor every Sea would if rike her dead like a Log ^ then Ihe would fall off^ 2 or 3 Points from the Wind, though the Helm was a-Lee •, and as fhe recovered, and made a little way, fhe would come again to the Wind, till another Sea if ruck her ofFagain. By that time 3 GlafTes were out the Sea became more fmoothi and then fhe fleered very well, and made pretty frefh way through the Water. I was fbmewhat fiirprized at the fudden Change, from a rough Sea to a fhiooth •, and therefore look'd over Board 2 or 3 times •, for fhe fleered open on the Deck, and it being very fair Weather, all our Men were layn down on the Deck and fallen afleep. My Captain wasjuft behind me on the Quarter Deck faft afleep too, for aieither he nor they dreaded any danger, we being . about. Akrane Iflands. 2^ about 30 Leagues from the Main-Land, at Noon, ajid ^n. 157$. IS we thought not near any Uland. ^^ N^ But while I wasmufingon th-j fudden alteration of the Sea, our Veflel Itruck on a Kock, with iuch force [hat the WhipftafF threw me down on my back : This frighted me fo much that I crycd out, and bad them all turn out, for the Ship lUuck. The furgc (hit the Ship made on the Rock, awakened molt of our Men, and made them ask. What the matter was ? But her ftriking a fecond time, loon anlwered the Queftion, and let us all to work for our Lives. By good fortune (he did not Itick, but kept on her ivay ftill, and to our great comfort, the \Vatcr was very fmooth ^ otherwile we mult certainly have been loft, for we very plainly law the ground under us : fo we let go our Anchor, in 2 Fathom IVater, clean White Sand : When our Sails were Med and a fufficient Icope of Cable veered out, our Captain being yet in amaze,went into his Cabin, and moft of us with him to view his draught-,and we foon found we were fallen foul of the Alcranes, The Alcranes are 5 or d low landy lllands, lying in theLat. of about 23 d. North, and diftant nom the Coaft of Jz/cj/^/z about 25 Leagues •, thebiggeft is not abdve a Mile or two in Circuit, They are diftant from one another 2 or 3 Miles, not lying in a Line, but Icmitering here and there, with good Chan- nels of 20 or 30 Fathom Water, for a Ship to pals between. All of them have good Anchoring on the Weft fides, where you may ride In what depths you pleafe, from lo to 2 Fathom Water, clean fandy Ground. On Ibme there are a few low Bufhes of Burton-Wood, but tliey are moftlv Barren and Sandy, bearing nothing but only a little Chicken- Weed \ neither have they any irefh Water. Their Land- Animals are only large Rats, which are in great Plenty ♦, and of Fowls, Boobies in vaft abundance, With Men of War and Egg-Birds. Thefe inhabit B b 4 only '^ :f tl I iit, 2.4 If^ Inhabitants ; and the manner of Living. An. 167';. o'Lv Oil lome ot* the Northcrmolt of them, not pro- 1*^^VX^ niil'cuoul.y one among another, but each lort within their own Precin£h, (tv-c.) the Boobies aud the other two Ions each apart by themlelves •, and thus two or three ot tne iilands are wholly taken up. The Boobies, being moli numerous, have the greatelt portion oFLand. The tgg Birds, tho' they are many, yet being but irnall, take up but little room to the leU : K'c in that little part which they inhabit, they are Ible Mailers, and not dillurbed by their Neiglibours. All three ibrts are very tame, efpecially the Boobies, and fo thick fettled, that a Man cannot pals through their Quarters, without coming within reach of their Bills, with which they continually peck't at us. I took notice that they fate in Fairs^ and therefore at firfl: thought them to be Cock and i-ien^ but upon Uriking at them, one Hew away irom each place, and that which was left behind icemed as malicious as the other that was gone. 1 admired at the boldneis of thole that did not tly away, and uled fome fort of violence to force them, . but in vain ^ for indeed thele were young Ones, and had not yet learned the ulc of their Wings , tho' they w^ere as big and as well feathered as their Dams, only their Feathers were fomething whiter and iiellier. I took notice that an eld one, either the Ock or Hen, always far with the Young , to fecure them :, tor otherwile thele Fowls would prey on each other, the Strong on the Weak, at leafl thofe of a difteient Kind wo uld- make bold with their ^>Ieigh- boui:>: The Men-oi-War-Birds as well as the Boo- l>ies Id r Guardians to- the Young, when they went oft' to Sea, leif they Ihould be Itarved by their Neighbours, for there were- a great many old and lame "Men of War Biids that could not fly off to Sen, to leek their own Food. Thele did not inhabit among ilieir Conibrts, but were either expelled the Com- piuiiityj or tife thoil to iye o\it at ibmedif^ante Sfjarksy Sword'fijh^ Nurfes, from the reft, and that not altogether •, but flatter- ing here ind tlicre, where they could rob leciirell: Haw liwui 20 of them on one of the lllands, which fomctinies would lally mio the Camp to leek tor Booty, but prelently retreated agahi, whether they got any thin^ or nothing. If one of thele lame Birds tound a Young Booby not guarded, it prelently gave hira a good poulr on the back, with his Bill to make him diigorge, which they will do with one llroak, and it may be calt up a Fifh or two as big as a Mans Writt -, thi th'-yl wallow in a trice, .ind march oft^ and look out iv^r another Prize. The lound Men- ot-War will lumedmes lerve the old Boobies lb oiF at Sea. I have feen a Man-of\^ar fly dirc£lly at a Booby and i^ive it one blow, which has caulcd it to cait up a large Fifli, and the Man of War Hying dire8:ly down alter it, has taken it in the Air, before it reached the Water. There are abundance of Fifh at fome diOance ftom thefe lilands, by w^hich the Fowls inhabiting here, are daily fupplied. The Fifh near the Illand are Sharks, Sword Fiflies andNuries-,all three Ibrts delighting to be nearlandy r^ays -, thole that 1 law here were but of a Irnall fize, the Sword-Filh not above a Foot and a halfj ortwoF'oot long-, neither were the Sharks much longer, and the Nurles about the lame length. The Nurle is juft like a Shark, only its skui is rougher, and is ufed for making the f inert Ralps. Here are many Seals: they come up to fun themlelves only on two or three of the Iflands , I don't know whether exa£lly of- the fame kind with thofe in colder Cli- mates •, but, as I have noted in my former Book, they always live where there is plenty of Filh. ^ To the North of thefe lilands lyes a long ledge of Rocks bending like a Bow ^ it feems to be lo or 1 2 Yards wide, and about 4 Leagues long: and 3 Leagues diftant • ftom -the Illand. -They- sre above Wa- An. l6}%n 26 ' > 1 M Aftrong Current : Seal and its Qyl ter, all joyning very clofe to one another, except at one or two Places, where are fmali Paffages about nine or ten Yards Wide ^ 'twas through one of thele that Providence direfted us in the Night ^ for the next Morning we law the RifFabouthalf a Mile to the North of us, and right againft us was a liTiall Gap , by which we came in hither, but coming to view it more nearly with our Boat, we did not dare to venture out that way again. One Reafon why we would have gone out to the North- ward, was, becaule from our Main-top we faw the Iflands to the Southward of us, and being unac- quainted, knew not whether we might find among them a Channel to pafs through •, our lecond reafon was the hopes of making a better Hant in for the fhore, if we could weather the Eaft end of the Rift'. In order to this we weighed Anchor, keepmg down by the fide of the Riff till we were at the Weft end of it, which was about a League from where we Anchored; then we ftood off to the North, and there kept plying off and on to Weather the Eaft end of the Rif^, three Days ^ but not being able to efte6t it, by reafon of aftrong Current, fctting to the N, W. we ran back again to the Weft end of the Rift^ and fteered away for the Iflands. There we Anchored and lay three or four days, and vilited moft of them, and found plenty of fuch Creatures, as I have already defcribed. Though here was great ftore of fuch good Food, and we like to want, yet wcdid neither filt any, nor fpend of it frefli to fave our Stock. I found them all but oi-e Man averfe to it, but I didheartilv wifh them of another mind, becaule I dreaded wanting before the end of the Voyage ^ a hazard which we needed not to run, there being here fuch plenty of Fowls and Seals, (eipecially of the latter) that the Spaniards do often come hither, to make Oyl of their Fat i upon ivhich account it has been vifited by En- glifh* opt Long ShipmeclCd. glifli men from Jamaica^ particularly by Cdi^t.Lofjg : who having the command of a linall Bark, came hither purpplely to make Seal-Oyl, and anchored on the North fide of one of the fandy Illands , the moft convenient Place, for his defign : ~- Having got afhore his Cask to put his Oyl in, and fet up a Tent for lodging himfelf and his Goods, he began to kill the Seal, and had not wrought above three or four Days before a fierce North-wind blew his Bark afjigre. By good fortune fhe was not damnified: but his company being but fmall, and ib deipairing of letting her afloat again, they fell to contriving how to get away •, a very difliicult Task to accomplifh, for it was 24 or 2$ Leagues to the neareft Place or the Main, and above 100 Leagues to Tr//?, which was the next Englifh fettlement. But contrary to their expectation , inftead of that. Captain Lo77g bid them follow then: Work of Seal-killing and making Oyl ^ alTuc ing them that he would undertake at his own peril to carry them lafe to TriJ}. This though it went much againif the grain, yet at laft he ib far prevailed by fair Words, that they were con- tented to go on with their Seal-killing, till they had filled all their Cask. But their greateft work was yet to do, vi2. how they fhould get over to the Main, and then Coaft down before the Wind to Tr//?. Their Boat was not big enough to traniport them, lo they concluded to cut down the Barks Mafts and rip up her Deck to make a fi^.at for that purpole. This being agreed on the next Morning betimes, purfuant to their Refolution, they were going to break up their VefTel-, but it happened that very Night, that two Keni-England Ketches going down to Tr'ifl ran on the backfide of the Riff where they flruck on the Rocks, and w^ere bulged •, And Captain Long and his Crew feeing them inDiftrefs, prelently took their Boat, and went off to help them unlade their- Goods, and bring them afhore ^ an4 ; : • ^ in 27 An. 161^. 28 Seamens Thoughts of Capt, Long. 4n. 1675. in requital, they furnifhed the Captain with fuch V^v^^^ tackle and other NecelTaries, as he wanted and aflifted him in the launching his Veffel, and lading his Oyl, and {0 they went merrily away for Trifl ■ This lucky accident was much talkM of amongll the CsCrew •,and fo exafperated the NewE/ig/and Men, when they heard the whole ftory, that they were thinking, if their Commanders would have fufFered them, to have thrown him into the Sea to prevent Ills doing more mifchief For they were fure that he ty his Art had cauled them to run aground. The whole of this Relation I had from Captain Lo/?^ himfelf From the main to thefe Iflands, the Sea deepens gradually till you come to about 30 Fathom Wa- ter, and v;hen you are 25 or 26 Leagues off fliore to the Eaftward of them, if you Iteer away Weft, keeping in that depth , you cannot mifs them : The fame Rule is to be obferved to find any other Ifland ^ as the Tnangles^ the liles Des Arenas^ &:c. for the Bank run^i all along the ihore, on which are Soundings of equal depth, and the Sea appears of a muddy palifh Colour, but when pafl: the Bank on the North fide of it, it relumes its natural greenefs, and is too deep for any Sounding till you are within 30 Leagues of the North fide of the Bay of Mexia\ where by relation there is fuch another Bank, (abounding with Oyfters) running all along the lliore : But to return to our Voyage. Having fpent 2 or 3 days among the Alcranes Iflands we fet fail again, and fleering in Southerly for the Main, having the Wind at E. N. E. we fEll in with it a little to Leeward of Cape Catoch, plying under the fhore till we reached the Cape-, from thence wt contini ed our Courfe Northerly , the Wind at E. by S. The next Land we defigned for was Cape Antonio^ which is the Weflermolf Point ■'■" ' •■'■ ' ' ' - of Fajifes through the Colorado Sholes, 29 of the Ifland Cuba^ and diftant from Cape Citcch An. 167$. |about 40 Leagues. Vi^^VS./ 5'ome when they fail out of the Bay, keep along by the Land of JucLitan^ till they come as far as the Ifland Cozumcl^ and frcm thence fl retch o\er towards Cuha^ and if the Wind tavours thtm any thing, they will get as high as Cape Cb;7^;7/fj" before they fall in with Otha •, tor in their PaiTage fiom thence they are not in lo much danger cl being hur- ried away to the North by the Cairrcnt between the two Capes, or to the North of them, as we were. For taking our Courie Northward till the Lat. ot 22 d. 30 m. we t:ick\l again ^ and the Wind at E. fleered away S.S. E. 24 hours, aiid having taken an Obfervation of the Sun, as we did the day before, found our il4\cs in 23 d. being driven backwards in 24 hours 30 Miles. We had then the Channel open between the two Capes, but to the North of either : Yet at lafl: we got over to the ^uha Ihore, and fell in with the North of the Ifland, about 7 or 8 Leagues frcm Cape Antcnio.'^<„. 167^. the Tides, and when they are got paft the Eaft end' Vi^-Vvj of Pi/ies\ they may either ftand out to Sea again, or if they are acquainted among the fmall Iflands to the Eaft of it, (which are called the South Keys of Oiba ) they may range amongft tliem to the Eaftward, ftill taking the greater benefit of Land- winds and Anchoring ^ Befides, if Provifion is ftarce they will meet 7^//;/tf/<:v^ Turtlers, or elle may get Turtle themfelves, at which many of them are ex- pert. There is alfo plenty of Fifh of many forts, hit if they are not provided with Hooks, Lines or Harpoons or any other Fifhing-Craft, nor meet with any Turtlers, Cuba will aiford them Sufteiiduce of Hog or Beef The great Liconvenience -f going in the infide of P;Wj between it and Cnbcj^ :**oceeds from a Spanifli Garrifon rf -^ibout 40 So.aiers at Cape Corientes^ who ha\e ^ large Periago, well' fitted with Oars and Sails, and are ready to launch out, andleize any linallVeflel, and feldom fparethe Lives as well as the Goods of thole that iall into their Hands, for fear of telling Tales. Such Vil- lanies are frequently praftiled, not only here, but alfb in feveral other Places of the Wefi Indies^ and that too with liich as came to Trade with their Country -men. The Merchants and Gentry indeed are no way guilty of fuch A£tions, only the Soldiers and Raicality of the People ^ and theie do com- monly confilt of Mulatoes or fome other fort of Copper Colour Indians, who are accounted very Barbarous and Cruel The lile of Vines is about 1 1 or 12 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 broad. The Weft end ol it is low Mangrovy Land ^ and within which is a Lagune of about 3 or 4 Miles wide, running to the Eaftward, but how far I know not, with a linall Creek of 2 or 3 Foot Water, reaching to th<^ Sea. The Lagune it lelf is fo ft]allow. efpecially near the Ifland, that ou ^ i>* t 1 1 11 ^1 li; ! 1 ^Bw^ • lii? ^■Jir. . i i^i \m^ m u jx IJle ?ines dsfcribed. handcrahu ^An. 1675^ you cannot bring aCanoa within 20 or 30 Paces of t-orv the Ihore. The South fide of the Ifland is low, Hat and rocky-, the Rocks are perpendicularbr iltep towards the Sea, fo that there is no Anchoring on that fide •, but at the Weft end very gr d in fandy Ground. The body of the Ifland is hi-^:i Land, with many little Hills incompafiing a high Fike or Mountain ftanding in the middle. The Trees that grow here are of divers forts, moft of them un- known to me. Red Mangroves grow in the low fwampy Land againft the Sea, but on the firm hilly part Pine-Trees are moft plentiful, of thele here are great Groves of a good height and bignels, ftreight and large enough to make Topmafls, or ftanding Maftsfbr imall Veflels^ at the Weft end there is a pretty big River of frefti Water, but no coming at it near the Sea for red Mangroves, which grow fo thick on both fides of it, that there is no getting in among them. The Land-Animals are Bullocks, Hogs, Dear, ^c. here are fmall Savannahs for the Bullocks and Deer to feed in, as well as Fruit in the Woods for the Hogs : Here are alfo a fort of Racoons or Lidian Conies, and in fome Places plenty of Land-Turtle, and Land-Crabs of two forts, white and black. Both of them make holes in the Ground like Conies, where they fhelter themfelves all day, and in the Night come out to feed-^ they will eat Grafs, Herbs or fiich Fruit as they find under the Trees^Thc Manchaniel Fruit, which neither Bird nor Bcafl will tafte, is greedily devoured by them, without doing them any harm. Yet thele vcr} Crabs that feed on Manchaneel are venomous, both to Man and Beaft that feeds on them, though the others are very good Meat. The white Crabs are the largeft fort ^ Ibme of them are as big as a Mans two Fifts joyned together •, they are Ihaped like Sea-Crabs, having one large Claw, wherewith they will pinch very hard, Crahs. 7)amg Gtoco'dtlesl ' ^1% hard, neither will they let go i.i^ir h >ld, though >in.i '5-^-'. you bruife them in pieces, unkls \o.. bre.ik the i^VNJ fclaw too -, but if they chance tv catch vour Fingers, the way is tolay your Hand, Crab and all. Hat on the Ground, and he will imrncd lately loolo his hold and lea mper away. Ihcle white ones build in wet fwampy dirty Grr)und near the Sea, !'> that the Tide walhes into their Holes ^ but the black Crab is more cleanly, delighting to li\c in dry Places, and makes its Houle in landy Farth : Black Crabs are commonly fat and lull of Eggs^ they are alfo accounted the better Meat, tho' both lorts are very good. Here are alio a great many Alligatovs and Croco- jdfes, tliat haunt about this liland, and are fiid to be the moil daring in all the Wcjl hi dies. I have heard of inany of their Tricks^ as that they have followed jaCanoa, and put their Noies in over the Gunnal, uith their Jaws wide open, as if ready to de- vour the Men in it : And that when they have been I'jlhoie in the Night near the Sea, the Croco- iiles have boldly come in among them, and made Ithem run from their Fire, and taken away their Meat from them. Therefore when Privateers are Ihunting on this Ifland, they always keep Sentinels lout to watch for thefe ravenous Greatuies, as duly las they do in other Places tor fear ot" Enemies, Itrpecially in the Night, for fear of being devoured |iii their ileep. The Spaniards of Cuba have here fome Craules, ('. Herds of Hogs, with a few Indian.s or Mula- bus to look after them ; Here are alio Hunters than |§iin a livelihood by killing wild Hog a'^d Beef This lilan.d is reported to be very wet. I have [lizard many lay, that it rains here more or Icfs every liy In the Year ^ but this 1 liippofe is a miilake, tor |there fell no Rain about us, lo long as w^e ilayed C c here, I It! 54 Hunting Beef and Hogs. An. 1 57$. here, neither did 1 feeany appearance of it in othci '^i^^'*^J riacesofthelilanJ. W'c were iiolooneratan Anchor, but five of uswent alhore, leaving only the Cook and Cabbin- Boy aboard : VVc had but two bad fowling Pieces in the Ship-, thole we tock with us, with a defign to jvill Beet and Hog. We went into the Lagune, where we touhd Water chough for our Canoa, aiiin ibme Places not much to Ipaie ^ when we were got almcltover it,wefaw S or lo Bulls and Cows feed- ing on the fliore dole by the Sea. This gave us great hopes ot good luccels. We therefore rowd away aiide ofF the Cattle, and landed on a fandy Bay, ab(jut half a Mile from them -^ there we law much footing of Men and Boys •, the Impreflions Icemed to be about 8 or lo days old, we luppofed ihem to be the track of Spanifh Hunters. This troubled us a little, but it l)eing now their CbriJImas^ we con- cluded that they were gone over to Cuba to keep it there, fo we went after our Game «, the BoatfvvaLi and our Paflenger Wi//. I^Wtv-i- having one Gun, and prefuming on their skill in fhootijig, were permitted to try their fortune with the Cattle that we law before w^e landed, while tne Captain and my lelf with our other Gun, ffruck up dire£tly into the Woods. The fifth Man whole genius led him rather to 1 Ih than hunt,ilayed in the Canoa : And had he been iurniihed with a Harpoon, he might have gotten moK Fifh than w^edid Fkfli, for the Cattle Irnellingoui two Nien before they came nigh them, ran away-, after that our Men rambled up into the Country to leek for Ibme other Game. The Captain and 1 had not gone half a Mile before we came amor.g a Drove of near 40 great andiinallj wild Hogs. 1 he Captain firing, wounded one of them, but they all ran away •, and though we fcl- lowtd the Bleed a good way, yet did not come up with him, nor with any other to get a fecond iliot; howevc: llljuocefsin Hunting, 5J bowever becaulc there; was fuch great track of Ho^s An,\6-i,. in the Woods, we kept beating; about, being Hill in ^-^'V^v; I hopes to meet with more Game butore Night, buc to nopurpole,fbr we law not on^; more that day. In the Evening we returned to our Boat weary andvcxtat our ill fuccels. The Boatlwain and his Confort were not yet returned, thercibre we flayed till 'twas dark, and then went aboard without them: the njxt I Morning betimes we went afhore again, as well to I try ourtbrtune at Hunting, as to recover our 2 Men, which we thought might now be returned to the place where t':ey landed^ but not feeing them, the Captain and I w^ent again out to hunt, but came back at Night with no better fuccefs than before ^ neither did we lee one Beef or Hog, though much track all the day. This day he that lookM to the Boat kill'd a young Sword-filh with the Boat-hook ^ there were a great many of them, as alio Nurfes land Dogfill], playing in fhole Water •, he had alio Idifcovered a itream of fi:elh Water, but fo incloied ^vith thick red Mangroves , that 'twas impofl'ible to nil any in cask ^ we could Icarce get a little to drink. Our two Men that w^ent out the day bclbre, were tot yet returned •, therefore w^hen 'twas dark we kent aboard again, being much pcrplex'd tor tear of peir falling hito the hands of the Spanilh Hunters ^ pfwe had been certain of it, we would have laiL-d prelently, for we could not expert to redeem them again, but might have been taken our lelves, either by them or by the Cape-Soldiers b.clore-mentioncd. ^ndeed thele Thoughts about tiicir danger and our :u'n, kept me waking all Nic^iif. However the fcext Morning betimes we went aihore again, and Defore w^e got into theLagune we heard a Gun fired^ by which we knew that our Men were arrived^ lb we ired another in anlv^^r,and rowed away as tall as we fould to fetch them, deligning to iail as foon as we ime aboard^ for by the flattering South and S W, C c 2 W^inds nnii P: \i iiy 36 Scarcity of Provifion. An. 1^7$. Winds together with the clearnefsof theSky^weTup. Lor>^' poled we Ifiould have a North : The Land intercepted our proiped iiear the Horizon in tlie N.W. therefore wc did not lee the black C'loud there, which is a lure PvognofHck ct' a Nuith •, when wc came afhorc we fbiiiid our two Men. They kilL'd a Hogthetirlt day, "out lofing their w^ay, w^ere forced to march likeTygresall the next day to get to us, and threw away mud of their Meat to lighten themfclves, yet 'twas Night before they got to the fide of the Lagunc-, and then being 3 or 4 Miles {fill from us, they made a fire and roalfed their Meat, and having 1 fiird their Bellies •, lay down to fleep, yet hadiiill a fmall Pittance left for us. We prelently returned | aboard and ieailedon the Remains of the Roaftmeat, and being now pretty full,' got up our Anchor aril Ifood away to the South, coalting along by tlii| Uland : And doubling the S. W. Point, we ifeercd away Eaff S. E. wehadtheWind,whenwe weigldj at VVeit a modern tj Gale, but veering about to M North got at N.W. By that time we got to xk\ South Welt Point of Fi/ics^ and it now blew a iierce Gale, and held thus two days, and then came to the N.N. W. blowing hard (fill, and from thcid to the North: then weedg'd awayS. E. for it IM hard, and we could not bring her nearer the Wind. From the N. it carne about to the N. N.E. theinve knew that the heart c^f it was broke, however itl blew hard fliU-: Then it came about to the N. El and blew about 4 hours , and fb by degrees dyedl aw^ay and edg'd more Ealterly, till it came to the E. by N. and there it Hood. We were in good hopei while the North continued, to have gotten toj.;] ?rh7ird before it ceafed, and were lorry to find cu'l lelves thus dilappcinted -, for we could not lee m Ifiand, dough we judged we could nor be far froml it ^ at Y^ron we haa cc good obfervation, and fbiii::'l our ieh esin the Lav. of the Illand. Wg now had not one bit of any kind of Foci r,werup. erceptcd lowever itl the N. l\ rrees dyed ime to the pod hopeJ ten to7''i find cm lot fee M le far trom and foiir.^^l of Fo( J ConfuUatiou. j7 aboard-, therefore the Captiiii dellrcd to know -^'^ 1^/5. our Opinions what to do, and vvliicii way wemi^:;lu ^■^^V'^v foonell: get to lome (hore,either to i)cat lor /.w/7v/, or to bear away betore the Wind, ior the South Keys. All the Seamen hut my lei 1, were tor [^(jini; to the South Keys, alledging that our Sliip htiiig fuchadull Sailer, would never get to Wind ward without the help of Sea and Land .Bree/.es, which we could not expert at fuch a dii lance as we were, being out of the hght of any Land : and that it was probable that in three or tour days time we might be among the South K<7-f,it we would put f^- it-, andtliere we Inould find Provifion enough,either Kifli or Flefh. 1 told them that the craft was in catching it, and it was as probable that we might gv,t as little Food in the South Keys , as we did at Ywcs^ where, though there was plenty of Bjcts and Hogs , yet we could not tell how to get any: belides we might be lix or (even days in getting to the Keys ^ all which time we mull (f neceflity fall:, which if 'twere but tw^oor tinee days, would bring us 16 low, that we fhculd I e "n a weak condition to hunt. On the contiary, f they would agree to beat a day or two h.iger "or the Ifland Jamaica^ we might in all pruoabi- ility lee, and come fo near it, tliat we nfight lend in ur Boat and get Provifion trom therxe, though ve could not get in to Anchor : tor by all like- ihood we were not fo far ii:om ihe llland but hat we might have feen it, had it been clear ^ nd that the hanging of the Clouds feemed to idicate to us that the Land v;as obfcuied by hem. Some of them did acquiefce with me in y Opinion^ however, 'twas agreed to put away or the South Keys, and accordingly we ^•ecred ut our Sheets , trimm'd our Sails , and Iteered way N.N.W. I was fo much diffatisfied, that I urned into my Cabbin, and told them we fliould all ftarved. Cc I ■y.v \-\ J 8 A joyful fight of Land. Jt'f.i^y^' I could not ilucp, tho' 1 lay down-, for I was V-'^'V^ very much troubled to think of FalVing 3 or .\ Day^, oraWttk-, having fared very hard alreac^'-. In deed 'twas by iiKvr accident that our Food lalted fo long •, lor wccanied two-Barrels of Beef out with us to lell, but 'twas io bad that none would buy it •, which proved well for us : for after our own Stock was Ipent, thislupplied us We boyled every day two Pieces or it ^ and becaufe our Peafe were all eaien, and our Flower almolt fpent, we cut our Bcet in hiiail bits alter 'twas boiled, and boiled:: again in Water, thickncd with a little Flower, ar.i lo eat it all together wnth Spoons. The little Pic:es of Beef Aveie like Fluins in our Hodg-podg, IniKjed 'twas not tit to be eaten any other way ^ ior tho' it did notilink, yet it was very unlavory aid black, without th. leail lign of tat in it : Breiii and Flower being Icarce with us, we could wa make Dough-boys to eat with it. But to proceed, I had not layn in my Cabbin above three Glalles, b lore one on the Deck cryed out, La/id ! l.a/idl I \t;is very glad at theNevvs, and we all immediate;;/ dilcerned it very plain. The hrlt that we law w;^' Fligli-land, which we knew to be B/^7o/67^>f-i//7/, h a Be]]ding or Saddle on the Top, with two fmal! Heads on each Side. It bore >3c E. by E. and we had the Wind at E. therefore we prefently clap'dc.i a Wind, and ileered in N. N. E. and foon after we law^ all the Coaft, being not above five or fix Leagues iromir. We kept jogging in, all the Afternoon, net (1 riving to get in to any particular place •, but where we could fetch, there we wererefolved to Anchor; • The next day being pretty near the fhore, betweci hlfwpehls-Foint and Foi?7t Aipi/ , and ha\ing the VVii:d large enough to fetch the latter, we iteerei aw'iy dire8:ly thither^ and feeing a Imall Vefit! about two Leagues N.W. of us, making lignsro ipeak with us oy hoyfing and lowring her Topiail^, wd A hard DYink^er. j9 we were afraid of lier, and edged in ncaicr the ^"- i«^7<. fhorcj and about three a dock in the Afternoon, to^-^^v^^-* our great joy, we anchored at Anin//^ ha\ ing been 13 VVeeks on our PaHage. I think ne\er any'Velfel bciore nor lince, made fuch Traverles in coniiiig ovt of the E//, as we did •, having hrlt bluikiicd o\cr the Alcrany \{jfi\ and then vilited thole lllands •, trom tiience fell in among the Colorado Shi\]Is\ after- ward made a trip to Grand Cay manes • and lalil/ vifited P/yVi'y, tho to no purpole. hi all thele Ram- blcs we got as much i^xperience as it" we had been iv'iit out on a defign. As foon as we came to Anchor, we fenr our Boat I aihore to buy Frovifions to regale our leh es, after our long fatigue and falting, and were very bniie going j to drink a Bowl of Punch: when unexpectedly (.ape. Ruw/ins^ Commander of a Imall A'av Enjy/a/rdVdh]^ :tliat we left at Tnjl ^ and one Mr. fob/? Hooker^ who had been in the Bay a twelve Month cutting Logwood, and was now coming up to Jama'icj to iell it, came aboard, and \v ere invited into the Cabbin to drink with us ^ the Bowl had not yet been touth'd, (1 think there might be fix Quarts in it ) but Mr. ylooker being drunk to by Captain Rawlins^ who pledg'd Capt. Hud/well^ and ha\ing the Bowl in his hand, faid. That he was under an Oath to drink but three Draughts of ftrong Liquor a Day, and putting the Bowl to his Head, turn'd it off at one Draught, land fo making himfelf drunk, diiappointed us of lour ExpeClations, till we made another Bow^l. The [next day having a brisk N. VV. Wind, which was a Ikind of a Chocolatta North^ we arrived at Port Roy a!-^ ■ id lb ended this troublefom Voyage. It ^i l^ C c CHAP. 4^ CHAP. II. The Author's fecond Voyage to the Bay of Cam peacliy. His arrival at the IJJe of Trift, ad\ fetimg with the Logwood-Cutters, A Defcrif- tic: oj the Coafl frofn Cape Condecedo t^\ Tri v. Salinas OK Salt Vonds, Salt gatherd\ for the Spaniards by the Indians. Hina, a n markiible HiiL Horfe-hooffifh, The Triangle I Ijlands, Campeachy Town twice iakgn. lu\ chief Trade ^ Cotton. Ch^m\)Qion River \ aM\ its Logwoody a rich Commodity. Port-Royal HaYuour and IJland. Vuckly-Grafs, Sapa- diilo Trees. Trift IJland defer ibed, Cocc\ Plumbujhes. The Grape-Tree. Its Animah\ Lizards. Laguna Termina and its flroni Tides, Summafenta-iJ/'j'eK, and Chucqiie- i -ull Town, Series his Key, Captain Series his ddvcnture. The Eafl and Wefi Lagmes, rcith their Branches inhabited by Logwood Cut- ters, Oaks growing there ^ and no ivhere elfi Tvithin the Tropicks. The Original of tk Logwood-Trade. The Rainy Seafon, and great Floods occaftoned by Norths, The dry Seafon. Wild Fine-Plant, The Logwood-Tree. Blooi- I food, Stock iijhWood and Camwood, A De* fitiption of fome Animals , Squajhes, lar^t iong'taild Monties , Ant-hears , 5"/^;//^/ , Ar- m-uliHos 5 Tigre Catts, Snakjss of three fort:, C alihvafps^ Huge Spiders , Great Ants anc thsr^ 4' their Neftsy Rambling Ants y Humming Birds^^^-i^^y $- BlackBirdsy turtle Dovesy Quams, CorrefoSy ^^'V^ Carrion Crews, Subtle Jacksy Bill-Birdsy Cocl{; recosy Duck^s ofjeveral fortSy Curlews^ Herons^ Crahcatchers^ PelicanSy Cormorants y Fifhing Hawks. Several forts of Fijhy TenpounderSy ParricootaSy Garr-Fifl) , Spanijh Mackril: The Ray, AUigators , CrocodileSy how they differ from Jllig^ors. J narrow efcape of an irifh- man from an Alligator. IT was not long after our Arrival at Port Roy al^ before we were pay'd oft!, anddilcharged. Now Captain Johnjon of 'New-Knghmd^ being bound again into the Bay o^Campeachy^ I took the op- portunity of going a JPallenger with him, being re- folved to fpend lome time at the Logwood-Trade j and accordingly provided liich Necellaries as were required about it (viz.) Hatchets, Axes, Macheats, (/. c. Long Knives) Saws, Wedges, ^c. a Pavillion tolleep iq, a Gun with Powder and Ihot, ^c. and leaving a Letter of Attorney with Mr. Yleniing^ a Merchant of Pen-Royal^ as well to dilpofe ot any thing tiiat I (hould fend up to him, as to remit to me what I fhould order, I took leave of my Friends, and Imbarkcd. About the middle of f^Z'. 75, — 6, We failed from Jamaica^ and wkh a tair Wind and Weather, loon got as far as Cape Quod' ^ and there met a pretty llrong North, which lafted two days. After that the Trade fettled again at E. N. E. which ipeedily car- ryed us to Trijl Ifland. In a little time I letled my fclf in the Weft Creek of the Wclf Lagunc with fome old Logw^ood-Cutters, to follow the Employ- ment with them. But I Ihall proceed no farther with the Relation of my own Affairs, till I have given * ■ Blflt I 51,:' M i 41 Bay of Campeachy. SAim Harbor. 'Ah- 167$, given a defcription of the Country, and itsProdu£l, '' ' wrth Ibme particulars of the Logwood-Cutters ^ their hunting for Beef, and making Hides, tfc. I have in my former Voyage defcribed the Coaft from Cape Citocb to Cape Qendecedo, Therefore I fhall now begin where I then left oflE, and following the iame Method proceed to give foms Account of the Sea-Coaft of the Bay of Campeachy •, being com- petently qualified for it by many little Excurfions that I made from Tn^ during my abode in thefe Parts. The Bay of Campeachy is a deep bending of the Land, contained between Cape Condecedo on the Eaft, and a Point fhooting forth from the High-Land of St. Martins on the Weft. The diffance between theie twoPLxes is about 120 Leagues, in which arc many Largv" and Navigable Rivers, Wide Lagunes,^^^:. Of all wkich 1 fhill treat in their order, as alfo of the Land on the Coaft •, its Soil, Produ£l, ^c. Toge- ther with Ibme Obfervaaons concerning the Trees, Plants, Vegetables , Animals and Natives of the Country. From Cape Condecedo to the Salinas \^ 14 or 15 Leagues-, theCoalf runs in South : It is all a Sandy Bay between, and the Land alio within is dry and fandy, producing only lome fcrubbed Trees. Halfway between thefe two Places you may dig in the Sand above HighWater-Mark , and find very good frefh Water. The Sdl'ina is a fine fmall Harbour for Barks \ but there is not above d or 7 Foot Water \ and clofe by the Sea, a little within the Land, there is a large Salt Pond, belonging to Campeachy-T own., which yields abundance of Salt. At the time when the Salt Kerns, which is in May or June., the Indians of the Country are ordered by the Spaniards to give their attendance.to rake it afhore and gather it into a great Pyramidal Heap, broad below and Iharp at the top, like Salty howfutefer'v^d. 4j like the Ridg of a Houfe ^ then covering it all over Aiu 167$. with dry Grafs and Reeds, they let file to t^ and thi:i burns the out-lide Salt to a haid black . 'rufl : The hard Cruit is afterwards a deience againlt the Rains that are now fettled in, and preicrvcs the Heap dry, even in the wetteft Scaibn. The Indians whole buhneis, I have told you, is to gather the Salt thus hito Heaps, wait here by turns all the Kerning Seafon, not leis than 40 or 50 Families at a time^ yet here are no Houlesfor them to lie in, neither do they at all regard it ^ for they are relieved by a ftefli fupply of Indians every Week ^ and they all lleep in the open Air, Ibme on the Ground, l;ut molt in very poor Hammacks faftned to Trees or Polls, ftuck into the Ground for that purpole. Their Fare is no better than their Lodging ^ for they ha\'e no other Food, while they are here, but Tartillccs and Pofble. Tartilloes are irnall Cakes made of the Hower of Indian Corn*, and Pofole is alio Indian Corn boiled, of which they make their Drink. But of this more hereafter, when I treat of the Nati\'cs and their Manner of Living. When the Kerning SeaiCn is over, the Indians march home to thcix jettled Habitations, taking no more care of the Salt. Bur the Spaniards of CanipcacJy^ who are Ovvners of the Ponds, do frequently lend their Barks hither for Salt, to load Ships that lye in Campcacly Road •, and afterw^ards tranfport it to all the Ports in the Bay o{^ Mexico^ efpecially to A/ihir ado and' Fonipec^^ two great Filhing Towns ^ and 1 think that all the Inland Towns thereabouts, are llipplied with it ^ lor I know of no other Salt Ponds on all the Coail, befides this and thofe before-mentioned. T'his Sa/ma Harbour was often vi fired by the En^IiJh Logwood - Cutters, in their way from Jamaica to Tnft. And if they found any Barks here, either light or laden, they made bold to take and fell both the Ships and the Indian Sailers that belonged to them. This they would V'^: I.. . M I'l 44 Hina-Hill. Horfe^hoofFiJh. 'M.i6y$. would tell you was by way of reprizal, for fome ^•'''VV^ former injuries received of the Spumarcl^ ^ though indeed 'twas but a pretence : for the Governours of Jamaica knew nothing of it, neither durll: the Spa- mai'ds complain ^ for at that time they ufed to take all the Englijh Ships they met with in thele Parts, not Iparingeven fuch as came laden with Sugar from J^z- ^;?^//Vc7,and were bound for EnghinJ^ elpecially if they had Logwood aboard. This was done openly,f or the Sh'ps were carried into the Xiavanna^ there fold and the Men impriloned without any Redrefs. From the Salinas to Camp c achy Town, is about 20 Leagues^ the Coafl runs S. by \V. ; he firff 4 Leagues of it» along the Coaft, is drowned Mangro'v-e-Land, yet about two Miie Soi.th of the Saliria about 200 Yards from the Sea, there is a frefh Spring, which is vifited by all the /aw^/?j' that pafs this way either in Bark or Canoa ^ there being no Water befidc near it^ and thcc is a fmall dirty path leads to it thro' the Mangroves^ after you are palf thele Mangroves, the Coaft rileth higher witli many fnidy Bays, where Boats may conveniently land, but noffefh Water till you come to a River near Campcachy Town. The Land further along the Coaft is partly Mangrovy, bur moll o'i it dry Ground, and not very fi-uitful^ producing'jOnly a tew fcrubed Bufhes : And there is no Logwood growing on all this Coaft, even from Cape Caioch to Campeachy Town. About fix Leagues before you come to Campeachy^ there is a Irnall Hill called li'ina^ where Privateers do commonly Anchor and keep Sentinels on the Hill, to look out for Ships bound to the Town : There is plenty of good fire wood, but no W^ater • and in the fnrt" of the Sea, dole by the fhore, you find iibiUidance of Shell fifh, called by the Engl'ijh^ Uorjc- hooj^^ becaulethc under part or belly of the Fifh is flat, arid i')mevvhat refembling that Figure in Shape and Magnitude ^ but the back is round like a Tur- tles-, •e pedch)\ vateers e Hill lere is and in )u find Horje- Fifh is Shape a Tur- tles-, Campeachy lowu 45 ties ^ the Shell is thin and brittle, like a Lobfters •, An, 161$. with many irnali Clcxvvs : and by report they are k^^^y^J tery good Meat -, but I never rafted any of tliem my felt. Theicare three fmall low fandy Iflands, about 25 or 2.5 I cagiies ii-or.T ii//;,/, bearing North Irom it, and 30 Leagues from *^d/h peachy. Un the South fide of thefe lilands there is good Anchorage ♦, but neither Woodfnor Water : And as tor Animals, we law none, but only £,recii: 3 lumbers of large Rats and plenty of Boobies,andMen-of-War-Birds.ThtjIe lilands are calfd the Triangles^ fi:om the Figure they make in their Pofition. There are no other at any difiance from the (hore, but thefe and the Alcranies^ mentioned in the former Chapter., in all this Coait that I have feen. From hirui to Ca??ipedcby^ as I laid before, is about 6 Lc-K,..v.:i. Cdwptuuhyis a fair Town, ifanding on the (hore in a fmall bendiijg of the Land •, and is the only Town on all this Coall, even fi:om Cape Catoch to l..iV:rd 07/^,that (lands open to theSea.It makes a fine lliew, being built all wath good Stone. The Houfes are not high, but the Walls veryflrong-, the Roofs fatifh, after the Spdmjh Falhion, and covered with Pantile. There is a H/ong Citadel or Fort at one end, planted with many Guns ^ where the Governour leiides with a Imall Garrifon to de- fend ic. Though this IVrr Commands tlieTown. and Harbour, ytc it hath been twice taken. Firll by ^\x Chnflopher Mn?is '^ vho about the Year 165^, having liaTirnoned the Governour, and afterwards ifayed 3 dc ys for an Anlwer before he Landed his Men, yet then took it by Storm, and that only w itli fiiiall Arms, i have been told that wiien he was advifed l)y the Jiwnuca Privateers, to take it by Stra- tagem in the Night : he replied, that he (conned to Ileal a ViQcry •, therefore when he went againil it, he gave them warning of his Approach , by his Duims ; J m tin j i>j • i 4tf An. 1 57$. Cotton-Cloath. Drums and Trumpets ^ yet he took the Fort at the tirft onlet and immediately became Mafter of the Place. It was taken a lecond time by Englijh and French Privateers, about the Year 1678. by furprize. They Landed in the Night about 2 Leagues firom the Town, and marching into the Country, lighted on a Path that brought them thither. The next Morning near Sun-rifing, they entred the Town, when many of the Lihabitants were now ftirring in their Houfes ^ who hearing a noife in the Street, look'doutto know the occafion5 and feeing Armed Men marching to- wards the Fort, fuppofed them to be fome Soldiers of their own Garrifon, that were returned out of the Country •, for about a Fortnight or 3 Weeks before, they had fent out a Party to fupprels fome Indians^ then in Rebellion ^ a thing very Common in this Country. Under favour of this Suppofition, the Privateers marched through the Streets, even to the Fort, without the leaft Oppofition. Nay, the Townf People bad them. Good Morrow •, and Congratulated their fate return ^ not dilcovering them to be Ene- mies, till they fired at the Sentinels on the Fort-wall, and prefently after began a furious Attack \ and turning two Imall Guns, which they found in the Parade againff the Gates of the Fort, they foon made themlelves Mailers of it. The Town is not very rich, though, as I faid before, the only Sea-Fort on all this Coaft. The chiefeft ManufaQure of the Country is Cotton-Cloath •, this ferves for cloathing t4ie Indians^ and even the poorer fort of Spaniards wear nothing elle. It is uied alfo for making Sails for Ships, and remitted to other parts for the lame purpole. Befides Cotton-Cloath, and Salt fetch'd from the Salinas^ I know of no other vendible Commodity exported hence. Indeed formerly this place was the 5cale of th& whole Logwood-Trade ^ which is there- fore Logwcody a Rich Commodity. aj fore ftill called ?aIo (/.f.VVood) ckCampeachy'^ tho' An. 1575. it did not grow nearer than at 1201 14 Leagues v^v^ grow diftanceftom the Town, The place where the Spaniards did then cut it,was at a River, called Cha??/peio/?^dhout 10 or 12 Leagues to Leeward of Can/peachy Town ^ the Coafl: from thence South, the Land pretty high and rocky. The Native hiduws that lived hereabouts, were hiied to cut it for a Kyal' a Day, it then being worth 5?o, 100 or 1 10 /. per Tun. After the Englifh had taken Jamaica^ and began to Cruile in this Bay, they found many Barks laden with it ^ but not knowing its value then, they either fet them adrift or burned them, faving only the Nails and Iron work ^ a thing now ulual among the Privateers ^ taking no notice at all of the Cargo 5 till Cap-J-^W/r J-, having taken a great Ship laden with it, and brought her hoijne to England^ to fit her for a Privateer^ beyond his Expe^ation, fold his Wood at a great rate •, tho' before he valued it io little that he burned of it all his Pafllige home. After his re- turn to Jamaica^ the Evglijh viiiting this Bay, found out the Place where it grew, and if they met no Prize at Sea, they would go to Chajnpeton River, where they were certain to find large Piles cut to their Hand, and brought to the Sea-fide ready to be fhip'd off. I'his was their Common Pra-^v'^^^ of white Mangrove dole to the Ihore. On the Well lide of this iilaiid, is another fm.itl lowllland, called 'iV//?, lepara ted from the iom.er by a fmall Salt Creek, Icarce broad enough lor a Canoa to padle through. The IJliind Trift is in fome Places three M le wide, and about 4 Leagues in Length ^ running; Y. and W. The F.aft end is fwampy and iuU of white Mangroves 5 and the Soutli fide much the lame : TheVVeft part is dry and fandy, bearing a Ibrt of long Grafs, growing in Tufts \ery thin. This is a fort of Savannah, with fc.rne large PJmrioTWrs growing in it. The North fide of the VVeli end is lull o^CocoFlum-BiiJlws^ and fbine Grapes. The Coco-Flii/fi-BitJl) is about S or 5? Foot high, fpreading out into many Branches. Its Rind ])lack and fmooth •, the Leaves oval and pretty large and of a dark Green. The Fruit is about the bignels of a Horle-Plum, but round •, Ibme are black, lomc white, others redifh : The Skin of the Plum is very thin and Imooth , the infde v^hite, folt and woolly, rather fit to fuck than bite, ir-cloi:ng in the middjc a large foft Stone. This Fruit gi-ows commonly iii ;htj Sand near the Sea :, and I have tatted Ibme v.vai have been laltilh ^ but they are commonly fwjet.aid plealant enough, and accounted very whollom. The Body of the GriipcT'n'c is about two or thice Foot in Circumference, grovviiji 7 or S Foot high, then fends forth many Branches, who fe Twigs arc thick and groft^ the Leaves are Ihapedmuch like an Ivy Leaf, but broader and more hard ^ the Fruit is as big as an ordinary Grape growiiig in Fi:nch:.s or CluUers among the Twigs all over the Tree •, it is black when ripe, and the inlide redifh, with a large hard Stone in the middle, lliis Fruit is very pie liLUit and wholfom, but of little iiabitai^ce, the Siones Dd bviJg '.v*"" ! I iii.| i i 50 "Lizards, i4n. 1575. being f(> large: The Body and Limbs of the Tree '^OTN*' :ire good Fewel, making a clear ftrong fire, there lore otteii uled by tlie Privateers to harden the Steely of their Guns when faulty. The Animals oi" this 7/7^//?^^ are, Lizards^ Guanoes, ,S/7j/:t\f and War : Belide tl.o Common fmall L/c^W, there is another Ibrt ot" a \i ,-c kind, called a Lyo^'. I jzcinl : This Creature is fliaped much like the otha but almolt as big as a Man's Arm, and it has a large Comb on its head :, when it is alFaulted it lets itj Comb up an end ^ but ovherways it lyes down Hat ; Here are two or three forts of Snakes ^ Ibme very large, as I have been told. At the Welt end of the Ifland clofe by the Sea, you may dig in the Sand 5 or 6 Foot deep, and find good h'efh Water: There are commonly VVelL ready made by Seamen to water their Ships ^ bui they foon hll up if not cleared ^ and if yuu dig too deep , your Water will be ialt. This Ifldni was Itldom clear of Inhabitants when the En^M) vifited the Bay for Logwood ^ for the biggeft Ship^ did always ride here in 6 or 7 Fathom Water cloft by the Shore •, but fmaller Veflels ran up 3 Leagues farther to O/fc-Bufh-Key^ of which in my former Chapter. The lecond Mouth or Entrance into this Lagune is between 'Dv/? and Bceflfland^ an^ is about 3 Mile wide. It is fhoal without, and only two Channels to come in : The deepelt Channel on a Spring Tide. has 1 2 Foot Water. It lyes near the middle of the Mouth-, hard Sand on the Barr ^ the W^eft Channel is about 10 Foot Water-, and lies pretty near Becj- Ijli/id: You rui] in with th^Sea-Breez^ and found all thew'ay:^ taking your Sounding from Beef-Ifiinl Ihoie. The bott' tm is fr^ft Oaz, audit fhoots gra dually. Being ilior in within Becf-lfliind Point, you will iiave three fathom ^ then you may fiand over towards 'Trifi^ till you tome near the Shore, and theri tiiere Anch ing any wh bcef-lfland, ]ioy\iL Th Salt Lagune by the Spar Tides, beca Veflels, as '. this Lagune 1 uch CreekJ^ themlelves i; lirft of Not you come jitUa. This Rive for ^ereagoe. fide near thi formerly an . rhe Mouth ( Town, calle( Country. T viteers \ by there were in it, and tw nilh Friers, t near this K\\ From Suw^ 5 Leagues, th OneBi/Jh-Key, ^3 1 laid, is v( before it open N. and S. ca League and k palled with J'er of it ther at the Mouth, on both fides fore it w^as : Laguna Termina. jt tliere Anchor as you pleafe •, There is good Anchor- An. 1616, ing any where within the B;ir between Trijt and ^^^V^ Bcef-lJJjnd^)\xt theTide is much Itrongcr than at Port- • Ro)\r/. This is the other Mourh c-r opening to thi! Silt Lagune before-mentioned. This L:igune is call'd by the Spiin'hi^'Js^ Lf^una Icrwinj^ or the Lagune of tides, becaule chev run very llrong here. Smill Veflels, as Barks, (^eriagoes or Canoas may fail thio' this Lagune, from one Mouth to the other, or into luchCreek;?, Rivers or Imaller Lagunes, as emnty themlelvesinto this, of which here are many : The tirfl: of Note on the Eall: part or this Lagune, as you come in at IVz-K^'.//, is the River Summu- jentd. This River, though but hnalL yet it is big enough for Fcrengoes to enter. It difjmbogues oji the South lide near the middle of the LdguNc, There was formerly an l/iJ'hvi Village named Summdjcuta^ near rhc Mouth of the River ^ and another large Indian Town, called QHicquehid^ 7 or 8 Leagues up in the Country. This latter was once taken by the Pri- vjteers j by whom I have been informed, that ih'jre were about 2000 Families of Indians ill it, and two or three Churches, and as many Spa- niih Friers, though no white Menbefide. The Land near this Ri\er yields plenty of Logwood. From Summafcnta River to OficBufh-Kcy is 4 or 5 Leagues, the Ihore running Weil. I havedclcribed OneBufh-K€)\ and the Creek againft it , which :s I laid, is very narrow, and not above a Mile lon^ before it opens into another wide Lake, lying neareft N. and S. called the Ejj} lAigunc. It is about a League and half wide, and 5 Leagues long, encom- pafied with Mangrove-Trees. At the S. E. cor- ner of it there is another Creek about a Mile wide at the Mouth, running 6 or 7 Mile into the Country^ on both fides of it grows plenty of "Logwood, there- fore it w^as inhabited by Englilhmen who lived in D d 2 Ciiall f'i 5* Series'/ Idventure. Ai. \6i6. fmall Corapanics, from three to ten in a Company • <*-*^V^J and ll'ttlcd thcnilclvcs at tiicir bell Convenience tcr Cutting. At the Head oi the <'"^eek they made a paih,leadin':fnuo j large Savanahtull of black Cut tie, liorieij wind Deer ^ which was^ofcen vilited by them upon occalion. At the North end, and about the middle of the Fall Lagune, there is another fmall C^reck like that which comes cut againlt O^c-BuJJj-Kry^ but lefsand Ihallower, which diichargeth it lelf into Ldptrid Termnj^ againR a ihiall fandy Key, called by the Knglilh St'r/c's's Key^ from one Captain Series^ who firlt carried his Veifel here,and was afterwards "killd in the Welkrn Lagune, by one of his company j^ they were cutting Logwood together. This Captain Series was one of Sir Uemy Morgjns Commanders, at the Sacking of Manama ^ who being lent out ty cruile in a linall Veffelin the South Seas, happened to furprize at T'j/vt j, the Boatlwain and molt of the Crew belonging to the Trinity , a Spanifh Ship. on Board which were the Friers and Nui.i, with all the old Gentlemen and Matrons of the Town, to the number of 1500 Souls, befides an im menfe Treafure in Silver and Gold^ as I was infer med by Captain Y^eralta^ who then Commanded her as he did afterwards, when fhewas taken by Captau Shdr{y ^ all which he might have taken in the 5% had he purfiied her. On the Welt iide of the Eafl: Lagune^ there is fmall Skirt of Mangroves, that feparates it fro: another running Parallel with it, called the E//? h gune^ which is about the bignels of the former. Towards the North end of this ludgmie runs fmall Creek, coming out of the Eajl Ldgune^ dei enough lor fmall Baiks to pals through. At the Souil? end of this Liigtim\ there is a Crec about a Mile wide at its Mouth ;> and half a Mii irom thence it divides into two Branches , om call lame Oaks, h The Rifi of the Logwood-Trade. U the Eaft the other the Welt Rr.inch :, both ilecp '^"^ '^t-^. enough for im.ill Rirks 7 or 8 Mile up. The W.itcr ^^"V-^ is hefh 10 Months :, hut in the inidll of the dry Uiifoii^ 'tis brackilh. Four Mile from the Mouth.tho Land on both fides tlieie two Hninches is wet and Iwampy, u Wording only Manp,ro\es by the Creeks fides: only ut the Heads of them, there are niiny large Oaks, belides which I did never fee any ^;row- ing within the Tropicks : but 20 Pates within that grows plenty of Logwood , theretore the ( Gutters itttlcd themfclves here Mo. On the Welt iide of the Weit Branch lyes a large Palture for Cattle about 3 Miles trom the Creek ^ to ivhich the Logwood-("uttcrs hud made paths trom their Huts to hunt Cattle, which are always there in great numbers ^ and commonly latter than thoie in the Neighbouring Stjvann(il)s and therefore was called the fht Siivjn/hih •, and this Weft Creek was always molt inhabited by Logwood-Cutters. The Logwood -Tr (I d€ was grown \ery common before I came hither, here being, as 1 laid before, about 260 or 270 Men living in all the hagu/ic and iXBceflfliwd^ of which l/le I (hall fpeak hereafter : This Trade had its Rile from the decay of Pnva- h'cring ^ for after Jamaica was well fettled by the ^^f^f^-i and a Peace eftablifhed with Spu'in^ the Privateers who had hitherto lived upon plundering the Spaniards^ were put to their fhifts •, for they had prodigally Ipent whatever they got , and now wanting fubfirtence, were forced either to go to Petit Guavas ^ where the Privateer-Trade ftill conti»ued, or into the Bay for lj)gwood. -*— The more Induftrious lort of them came hither, yet even thele, though tliey could work well enough if they pleated •, yet thought it a dry bufinefs totoil at Cutting Wood. They were good Marks- Men, and fo took more delight in Hunting •, but neither of thofe Employments attested them fo D z much '-'^■f Hfs 5^ hogwood'Cuning^ M, 16-76. nill ipend 30 or 40 /. at a litting aboard the Ships that came hither liom Jamaica -, carouiing and hring olt' Guns 3 or 4 days together. And tho' aiterwards many itjber Men came iuiu the Bay to cut Wood, yet by degrees the old Standers 16 debauched them that they could never lettle themielves under any Ci^il Government, but continued in their Wickednels till the Spanm'ds^ encouraged by their careiels Rio- ting, fell upon them, and took moil of them lingiy at their own Huts •, and carried them away Priloneis to Owipeachy or La Ver a Cruz- ^ from whence they weic lent to Mexico^ and Iold to leveral Tradelmen in that City ^ and from thence , alter two or tiirte Years, when they could ipeak Spc^if})^ many of them made their Elcapes, and marched in by-Patiis back to La Vt'/a Cruz , anu by the \ilcta conveyed to Spain^ and lo to England. 1 have fpoke with riiany ot them fince, who told me that none of them were lent to the Silver Mines to Work, kc kept in or near the City , and never luffered to go with their Caravans to Atw Mexico or that vi^ay. I relate this, becauie it is generally fuggeilcd xhdi the Spaniards' commonly lend their Prilontis thirhei, and ule them very baibaroully, but 1 con Id never learn that any European has beep thus ferved ^ vvhetlier lor fear of dilcovering their Weak : (is, 01 lu] any other Kealon, I know not, But re •;;roceea, Iti^. molt certain that the Logwood-Cutters, iiuit v/ere in the Bay when I was there , were ail : outed or taken •, a thing 1 ever feared, and that \Aa,'. ilie realon that moved rne at laff to come away. althougl' Wet Seafoml ^5 although a Place where a Man might have gotten ^n.i6^{^. anEftate. v^'V-v Having thus given an Account oF the iidl letuini:;ot" this Place by my Countrymen, I fhall next lay fomi^thing concerning the Seafons oi" the Year, Ibme particulars ot the Country, irsAiiimal>, of the Logufood-Trade, and their manner of Hun- ting, and leveral remarkable Pallages that happened during my Ifay there. This part of the Bay oiXawpedchy lyes in about iSd of North Lat. The Sea-Breezes here in fair wejther,are atN. N. E.orN. The Land-winds are atS. S. E. and S. but in bad Weather at E. S. E. a hard gale for two i»r three days together. The dry Scalbn begins in September^ and holds till Apri/ or jMj)/ •, then corner in the wet Seaion, which begins with Tornadoes ^ hrlfone in a day, and by degrees increafing till Jum--^ lad then you have let Rains till the latter end of Mguji. This fwells the Rivers fo that they over-tiow, and the Savannahs begin to be covered with Water ; and although there may be fome Intermifiions of dry Weather, yet there are Hill plentitul (howers of Rain •, lo that as the water does not in- treaie -, neither does it decreafe •, but continues thus till the North Winds are fet in ftrong ^ and then all the Savannahs, for many Miles, leems to be but part of the Sea. The Norths do commonly let in about the beginning ot October^ and continue by inter\als till March, But of thele I fhall Ipeak mure in my Chapter of Winds. Thele Winds blowing right in on the Land,drive in the Sea, and keep the I'ides Irom their conltant Courfc as long as they I all, vvhicii is Ibmetimes two or three Days^ by this means the Fref h- es are pent up, and overhow much more than before, tho' there be lefs Rain. They blow moll fiercely in/\'- covbcr 2i\\6, January -^ but afterwards they dccreale 'n lliength •, and are neither ^o frequent nor laliing : Jnd then theFreihes begin to drain iiom oft' the low D 4. Ground , m 'p ^6 Wild Pine. An, 1575. Ground. By the middle of Fif^. the Land is all V/^'VNj dry ^ and in the next Month perhaps you will fcarce get Water to drink, even in thofe Savannahs that but 6 Weeks before were like a Sea. By the beginning of Afril^ the Ponds alio in the Savannahs are all dryed up, and one that knows not how to get Water other- ways may perifli ior thirft •, but thole that are ac- quail i.ttrd ne!'e, in their Neceflity make to the Woods, and letrelii themfelves with Water that, they find in wild i^uies. The wild Vuie is a plant h called, becaufe it fomewhat relembies the Bufh that bears the Pine : they are commonly fupported, or grow fromfomc Buncii, Knot or Excrefcence of the Tree, where they take root, and grow upright. . The root is fhort and thick, irom whence the Leaves rile up in folds one within another, Iprcading ofr'at the top : They are of ar,ood thick Subllance, and about 10 or 12 Inches long. The out fide Leaves are fo compact as to con- tain the Rain-water as it falls. They will hold a Pint and a half or a Quart •, and this W'ater refreflies the Leaves and nourifhes the Root When we find ihele Vines^ we flick our Knives into the Leaves juft above the Root, and that lets out the Water, which we catch in our Hats, as I have done many tirhes to my great relief. . . • The Land near the Sea or the Lagunes is Mangrovv, and always wet, but at a little dilfance from it, it is fall and firm, and never over-flowed, but in the w^et Sealon. The Soil is a ftrong yellowilh Clay 5 But yet the upper Coat or furfacfe is a black mould, tho' not deep. Here grow divers forts of Trees of no great bulk nor height. Among thefe the Logwood- Trees thrive heflv and are very plentiful ^ this being the moil proper Soil for them : for they do not thrive in dry Giornd •, neither lliall you fee any growing in rich i)lack mould. They are much like our white '.I'hoj i]S in Evc^land-^ butgenerally a great deal bigger : • . .- ... the the Rind of and fmooth •, and there : S difference wo the Body and rougher •, wi imall and f] Leaf^ of a p the old black and require The fap is v uled much fc white fap, ti fit to be trani chip'd a littl in the Wat it has been ui 6 Foot In C cut into Lo without greai blow them u and burns vei and very laft our Fire-Arra fire if we cai with Burton- vcood^ 1 think, and even the The chiefeit Cape Catoch the Bay of Wood muc alfo : Some Of thefe f^ are of the n The Gulp the lile of know in the id is all ill fcarce fiat but <5 nning of all dryed :er other. Lt are ac- ; AVoods, chey find ecaufe it lie Pine : "om fomc Here they 'hort and bids one ey are of [2 Inches s to con- I hold a refreflies [ we find javes juft T, which tifhes to .angrovv, om it, it Jt in the h Clay 5 : mould, es of no ,ogwood- his being lot thrive owing in ur white 1 bigger : the Logmod Irees. jy the Rind of the yoimg growing Branches is white An. 1675. and fmooth •, with fome prickles (hooting forth here \,y^v^>J and there : So that an Englijh-man not knowing the difference would take them for White-Thorns ^ but the Body and the old Branches are blackifh-, the Rind rougher •, with few or no prickles. The Leaves are Irnoll and fl:aped like the Common White-Thorn- Leaf^ of a palifh Green. We always chufe to cut the old black-rinded Trees ^ for theie have lels fap, and require but little pains to chip or cut it. The fap is white, and the heart red : The heart is ufed much for dying ^ therefore we chip oft' all the white fap, till we come to the heart ^ and then it is fit to be tranlported to Europe. After it has been chip'd a little while, it turns black •, and if it lyes in the Water it dyes it like Ink ^ and Ibmetimes it has bei n uied to write with. Some Trees arc 5 or 6 Foot In Circumference : and theie we can Ic^rce * cut into Logs fmall enough for a Man's Burthen, without great Labour •, and therefore are forced to blow them up. It is a very ponderous fort of wood, and burns very well, making a clear ftrong fire, and very lafting. We alw^ays harden the Steels of our Fire- Arms, when they are faulty, in a Logwood- fire if we can get it, but otherways, as I faid before, with Burton-wood or the Grape-tree. The true Log- wood^ 1 think, grows only in this Country of J/^c^//^?;/^ and even there but only in Ibme Places near the Sea. The chiefelf places for it are either kere or at Cape Catod\ and on the South fide of Jucatan in the Bay of Honduras. There are other forts of Wood much like it in colour, and uled for dying alfo : Some more efteemed, others of lefler value. Of thefe forts Bloodwood and 5tock-fifh-wood are of the natural growth of America. The Gulphof J^tcaragua , which opens againft the Ille of Providence ^ is the only Place that I know in the North Seas, that produces the Blood- wood, U^M.lt. iM? ? I m 58 Blood-wood and Stock:fi(h-wood. Jn.i6y6, vvood: And the Land on the other fide of the Coun- ^^"'V^ try againft it in the South Seas, producetb ihe lame forts. This Wood is of a brighter red than the Log- wood. It was Ibid for 30 /.per Tun, when Log- wqpd was but at 14 or 15 ^ and at the iame time Stock-Fifh-Wood went at 7 or 8. Thislafl: fort grows in the Country near Rio la Hacha^ to the Kw-Land met. I , ill the I know ^fe two ^ places ly iiicli there is I if not Indict, leard of proceed, eth Hill e plan- of ano- le Log- ^ou l^ill two or •e. { black Grals.: e to ir, IS long >wer of a new The iges of :ep and t high Trees, ^quafhes. Large MonJ^es. 59 Trees. The Land for 10 or 20 Miles from the Sea, An.i6y6. is generally compos'd of many Ridges of delicate c^-v^s^ Wood-land, and large Furrows ot plealant graOy Savannahs, alternately intermixed with each other. The Animals of this Country are, Horles, Bullocks, Deer, Warree, Pecary, Squafhes, Poiilims, Mon- kies, Ant-Bears, Sloths, Armadilloes , Porcupines, Land-turtle, Guanoes, and Lizards ot" all kinds. Tne Squafh is a tour-fbotcd Beail, bigger than a Cat : it's Head is much like a foxes :, with fhort Ears and a long Nole. It has pretty ihort Legs, and (harp Claws •, by which it will run up Trees like a Cat. The Skin is coverd with lliort tine yellowifh Hair. Thefielh of it is good,fwect, wholelbm Meat. We conrimonly skin and roaii it ^ and then we call itPig^ and I think it eats aswelLIt feeds on nothing but good Fruit •, thereiore we ijxid them moft among the Sapadillo-Trees ♦, This Creature never ram- bles very far : and being taken young , will become as tame as a Dog •, and be as roguifh as a Monkey. The Monkies tha^are inthefe Parts are the uglieft I ever faw. They are much bigger than a Hare, and have great Tails about two foot and half long. The under-lide of their Tails is all bare , with a black hard skin-, but the upper h'de, and all the Body is covered with courle, long, black, Ifaring Hair. Thefe Creatures keep together 20 orcein a Company, and ramble over the Woods ^ leaping from Tree to Tree. If tliey meet with a fingle Perfon, they will threaten to devour him. When 1 have been alone I have been afraid to fhoot them, elpecially the firft time I met them. They were a great Company dancing from Tree to Tree, over my Head ^ chatter- ing and making a terrible Noife , and a great many grim Faces, and-fhewingAntickGeilures. Some broke down dry Sticks and threw at me ^ others Icattcied their r J H ■m Jh. 60 Mrnikjes. Mt'Bears. ,^^5. thair Urine and Dung about my Ears^ at lad one bigger than the reft, came to a fmall Limb juft over my Head ^ and leaping dire£ily at me, made me ftart back ^ but the Monkey caught hold of the Bough with the tip of his Tail ^ and there conti- nued fwinging to and fro, and making Mouths at me. - ■ At laft I paft on, they ftill keeping me Company, with the like menacing Po- ftures, till 1 came to our Huts. The Tails of thef^ Monkies are as good to them as one of their Hands^ and they will hold as faft by them. If two or more of us w-ere together they would haften from us. The Females with their young Ones, are much troubled to leap after the Males •, for they have commonly two : one file carries under one of her Arms ^ the other fits on her Back, and clafps her two fore Paws about her Neck. Thefe Monkies are the moft ful- len I ever met with-, for all the Art that we could ufe, would never tame them. It is a hard matter to ihoot oneof them,fo as to take it^ for if it gets hold with its Claws OT Tail, it will not fall as long as one breath of Life remains. After I have (hot at one, and broke a Leg or an Arm, I have pittied the poor Creature to fee it look on and handle the wounded Limb ^ and tarn it about from fide to fide. Thefe Monkies are very rarely, or (as Ibme fay) never on the Ground. The Ant-Bear is a four-footed Beaft, as big as a pretty large Dog ^ with rough black-brown Hair : It hasfhort Legs •, a long Nofe and little Eyes ^ a very little Mouth, and a llender Tongue like an Earth- w^orm about 5 or 6 Inches long. This Creature feeds on Ants ^ therefore you always find them near an Ants Naft or Path. It takes its Food thus : It lays its Nofe down flat on the Ground, clofe by the Path that the Ants travel in, (whereof here are many in this Country) and then puts out its Tongue athvc^rt the Path : the Ants pafling forwards and backwards backwards Tongue, mi time it will fhe perccivi them ^ and They fmell Ihonger •, f( thefe Creati as here ^ (/'. on the uMt'^ The Slotl mal-,fomew its Head is Nofe, and v dinary long Leaves, wh< feme par tic milch ievous are fbilrw the Leaves fJFom that a to their fref <5days, the thing but s plump and fccnd till and made t' S or 5? Mir forward-, i ter another ffripes mal trycd to dc fenfible, ai to move fa The An is as big as long, ihi Sloths. Armadillos, 6t backwards continually , when they come to tlie An, u;^. Tongue, make a ftop, and in two or three Minutes time it will be covered all over w ith Ants •, which fhe perceiving, draws in her Tongue, and then eats them ^ and after puts it out again to trapan more. They fmell very ftrong of Ants, and talk much fbonger •, for I have eaten of them. I have met witii thefe Creatures in leveral Places of ylwrr/Vj, as well as here ^ (/>. in the Sijvibiilocs) and in the South Setis^ on the Mexiciin Continent. i ,;, The Sloth isalbur-footed, hairy, iad-coloured Ani- mal jfomewhat lefs than the Ant-Bear.8c not fo rough: its Head is round, its Eyes fmall ^ it has a fliort Nole, and very fharp Teeth ^ fhort Legs, but extraor- dinary long fhaip Claws. This Creature feeds on Leaves, whether indifferently of all forts, or only on fome particular kiiKls, I know not. They are very mifchievoua to the Trees where they come •, and are ib i\cjv in motion, that when they have eaten all the Leaves on one Tree, before they can get down from that and climb another, and lettle thLmfelves to their frelh Banquet (which takes tiiem up 5 or <5days, though the Trees Hand near:) They are no- thing but skui and bones, altho' they came down plump and fat from the lalf Tree. They never de- fcend till they have (Irlpt every Lirab and Bough, and made them as bare as Winter. It takes them up 8 or 5? Minutes to move one of their tcec 3 Inches forward-, and they move all their lour i'.xt one af- ter another, at the lame How Rate^ neitlier will ihipes make them mciid their pace^ which I have tryed to do, by whipping them -^ but they leem in- fenlible, and can neither be trighted, or provoked to mo\ e faller. The Arnhidillo (((:> called from, its Suit of Armour) is as big as a Imali lucking Pig: the body of it pretty long, i^hi-s Creature is inclpied in a thick Shell, which r-* m\ %'m' 6 z tigre-Cat. An, 16-16. which guard's all its back, and comes down on both fides, and meets under the belly, leaving room tor the four Legs ^ the Head is (mall, with a Nole like a Pig, a pretty long Neck, and can put out its Head before its Body when it walks ^ but on any danger (he puts it in under the fhell ^ and drawing in her Feet, fhe lies liock (till like a Land-Turtle : And though you tols her about, yet fhe will not move her ielf! The Shell is joynted in the middle ot'the back ^ fo that fhe can turn the fore-part of her body about which way fhe pleales. The Feet are like thofe of a Land-Turtle, and it has ftrong Claws, wherewitli i: digs holes in the ground like a Cony. The ticO^ li very iweet, and tails much like a Land Turtle. The Porcupin being a Creature well known, Til pals it in filence. The Bealts of Prey that are bred in this Country, are Tigre-Cats, and (as is reported by cur Men J Lions. The Tigre-Cat is about the bignefs of a Bull Dog, with fhort Legs, and a trufsBody,fhaped much like a Maitiff^ but in all things elfe. (viz. its Head, the colour of" its Hair, and the manner of its Preyijig, much refembling the Tigre, only fomewhat leis. Here are great numbers of them : They prey on young Calves or other Game ^ whereof here is plen- ty . And becaule they do not want Food, they are the lefs to be feared. But I have wifht them farther off, when I have met them in the Woods ^ becaufc their AfpeO: appears fo very ifately and fierce. 1 r.e ver did lee any Lion in this Country ^ but I \u\x been informed by two or three perlbns that they did fee Lions here : But I am affured, that they are not numerous. Here are a great many poifonous C icarures in this Country ^ more particularly Snakes, of di\ ers Ibrts, fome yellow, lome green, and others of a dun Colour, witli black and yeilowifh Ipots. The yellow Snak'j Huge Snak§5\ 6j Snake b commonly as big as the fmall of a Man's ^„. ^^^^^ Leg •, and <5 or 7 {even foot long. Thtle are a lazy \^^^rsj fort of Creatures ^ ibr they lye ftill and prey on Lizards, Guanoes, or other iinall Animals that com'fc in their way. It is rep<-)rted, That fometimes they lurk in Trees ^ and that they are 16 mighty in Itrength, as to hold a Bullock talt by one ot his Horns, when they hap- pen to come ^o near as that fhe can twilt her felf about the Limb ot the Tree iuid the Horn at once. Theie are accounted very good Meat by ibme, and are eaten frequently : 1 my lei t" have tryed it for cu- riofity, but cannot commend it, I have heard fome Bay-men report, that they have feen Ibme of this kind here as big as an ordinary Man's Wall ^ but I never law any luch. The green Snakes are no bigger about ti:ar: a Man's Thumb, yet 4 or 5 foot long : TheBa^ks jte of a very lively green Colour, but their Bellies in- clining to yellow. Thele are commonly in Lufhes among the green Leaves, and prey upon lir U Birds. This I have often leeii, and was once in danger to be bit by one before I law it : For I was going to rake hold' ot a Bird that fluttered and cryed out juft by me, yet did rot fly away, neither could I ima- gin the realbij, till reaching out my hand, I per« ceived the heal or a Sr.akeclole by it^ and looking more narrowly, I law the upper part of thf. Snake, about two or three Iiicnes from his head, twilled about the poor Bird. What they teed on belides Birds I know not, but they are laid to .e very venemous. The dun coloured Snake is a little bigger than the green Snake, but not abo\-e a foot and a half'or two Foot long-, thele we ihould often fee in and about our Huts-, but did not kill them, becaule they de- ftroyed the Mice, and are Aery nimble in chacing thole ( jearures. Behdes Snakes, here -are Scorpions and An SH Huge Spiders. Ants, . . and Centapes in abundance. Here arc alio Galli wafpi. * "^ Thcfe are Creatures lomewhat refembling Lizards, but larger \ tlicir bodice about the thicknels of a Man's Arm, having four fhort Legs, and fmall Ihort Tails ^ their colour a dark brown. Thele Crearurc;s live in old hollov^r Trunks of Trees, and arc commonly found in wet Iwampy ground, and arc laid to be very poifbnous. Here are alfo a fort of Spiders of a prodigious fize,fome near as big as a Man's Fifl-,withlonglinall Legs like the Spiders in England : they have two Teeth, or rather Horns an Inch and a half, or two Inches long, and of a proportionable bigneis, which are black as Jctt, Imooth as Glais, and their Irnall end (harp as a Thorn ^ they are not ftrait,but bend- ing. Thclc Teeth we often preferve. Some wear them in their Tobacco-pouches to pick their Pipes. Others prelerve them for Tooth-Pickers, elpecially llich as were troubled with the Tooth-ach •, for ly report they will expel that pain, tho' I cannot ju- ftifie it of my own knowledge. The backs of thefe Spiders are covered with a dark yellowilh Down, as foft as Velvet. Some fay thefe Spiders are vene- mous ^ 6thers not ^ whedier is true I cannot deter- mine. Tho' this Country be ib often over-fiown with Water -, yet it Iwarms with Ants , of fc- veral forts ^ viz. great, Ihiall, black, yellow, tfc. The great black Ant Itings or bites almoft as bad as a Scorpion •, and next to this the fmall yellow Ants bite is moft painful ^ for their Sting is like a {park of fire ^ and they are fo thick among the boughs in fome places, that one Ihall be covered with them before he is aware. Thefe Creaturcj have Nefts on great Trees placed on the body be- tween the Limbs : fome of their Nefts are as big as a Hoglhead ^ this is their Winter Habitation^ for in the wet Seafon they all repair to thele their Citits: Here Rambling Anti. Humming Birds] 6 s" Here they preferve their Eggs. /.ncsEr^crs nre a: .-<;,. r<, much efteemed hy the Planters in the vVod-LidiuS w. '■>^ for teeding their thickens^as Grr;at Oat-rnci) vviih us in England^ In the dry Scafbn when th^y ijavc theu Nefts, thev fwarm over all the Woodlai.d • ]<> they . never trouble the Savannahs: You tmj then Ico great Paths made by them in the Woods or' three oi tour Inches broad beaten as plain as th? ivoadj in England, They go out light, bur br' — home; heavy Loads on their backs, all of thj i.iin; li b ftance, and equal in bignefs : I never o::'lnvod .i y thing befidcs pieces of green Leaves, lb bi^3 rh;it f could Icarce fee the Infeo: for his Burthciu yei :i:ey would march ftoiiitly,and lb many Hill preiriuor attT that it was a very pretty fight, for the Faih" • - perfe£tty green with them. There was one v. r : Ants of a black Colour, pretty large,with long Lw thele would march in Troops, as if they were oi infeeking Ibmewhat ^ they were always in h::tt, ■^iw}. followed their Leaders exa£lly let them go v/huhv/r they would-, thefe had no beaten Paths to walk iiv, but 3;ambled about like Hunters: Sometimes a Band of thefe Ants would happen to march through dm- Huts, over our Beds, or into our Pavilions, ijy, fometimes into our Chefts-, and there ranfick eve y part •, and where-ever the fbremolf went, t!ie reit ;d.I came after : We never difturbed them, but gave them ftee liberty to fearch where they pleaded ^ a!:d c .ey would all march oft" before night. Thele Companit^? were ib great,that they would be tv/o or three hOur:, in paffing by, though they went very fait. The Fowls of this Country are Humming Bird?. Black Birds, Turtle Doves, Pigeons, Parrots, ^ aia kites, Quames, Correlbes, Turkies, Carrion Crows. Subtle Jacks, Bill Birds, Cockrecoes, ^c The Hem- ming Bird is a pretty little feather'd Creature, no bigger than a great over-grown Walp, with a black ""■" no bigger than a fmall Needle, and hisLegs arxi E e Feet L*., \m 4 !* m 66 Pigeons. Qv^ is. An, 1676. Feet in proportion to his body. This Creature do^ ^^ "not wave his Wings like other Birds when it Hies, but keeps them in a continued quick motion lik;; Bees or other Infe^h, and like them makes a con tinual humming Noife as it tiies. It is very quicj; io motion, and haunts about Flowers and Fruit like a Bee gather ':^g Hony, making many near addrelfe to its dtlighrtul Objc8:s, by vifiting them on all fides, and yet ftiil keeps in motion, lometimcs on ore fide, Ibmctimc on the other •, as often rebounding a foot or two back on a iudden, and as quickly re- turns again , keeping thus about one Flower fi\'e or lix minutes, or more. There are two cr three forts of them, fome bigger than others, but all very fmall, neither are they coloured alike ^ tiu largeft are ot a blackifh colour. The Black Bird is fomewhat bigger than ours [ England ^ it has a longer Tail,but like them in C lour : They are fometimes called Chattering Crow becaufe they chatter like a Magpy. There are three forts of Turtle Doves (z;/^.) whi; breafted Doves, dun coloured Doves, and gro' Doves. The white breafts are the biggeft •, they of a blewifh grey Colour with white breafts ^ thi are fine, round and plump, and almolt as big aj Pigeon. The next fort are all over of a dun, lei than the former, and not ^0 round. The ground Do much bigger than a Sky -Lark, of a dull grey, vi round and plump, and commonly run in pairs the ground, ar.d probably thence have theii nar The other two forts Hie in pairs, and feed on Beniel*'^ve bald He which they commonly gather themfelves from tlil^^^he fame Trees where they grow 5 and all three forts are vi good Meat. Pigeons are not very common here-, they arel than our Wood Querts, and as good food. The Quara is as big as an ordinary Hen Turki of a blackifh dun Colour ^ its Bill like a Turkeys it flies ab and \% ve] TheG Cock is bl Cock has and appea and are ve to be poif^ ty them, Dogs fhoul Carrion ' nefs of Rav bald Necks that come i for fuch. 'l fore called ( bers of then their pearch "i^ll lazy; y their Prey ^ vannahs, as : immediately lefs than an hundred, tho I have fbmet came fb fudd three at a ph kafs. Some oft tut their Feat ence but in C two of thefe Ifo that we fcut we fee on^ I. The Log iirrion Crow; Correfos. Carrion Crows. 67 it flies about among the Woods •, feeds on Berries, '^''- i^:6, and is very good meat. ^-Or^ The Correlb is a larger Fowl than the Quam :Thc Cock is black, the Hen is of a dark brown. The Cock has a Crown of black Feathers on his [load, and appears very ftately. Thele live a Ifo on Berries, and are very good to eat •, but their Bones are fa id to be poifonous •, therefore we do either burn or bu- ry them, or throw them into the Water for fear our Dogs fhould eat them. Carrion Crows are blackifh Fowls, about tlic big- nefs of Ravens-, thev have bald Heads, and redilh bald Necks like Turkeys ^ and therefore by Strangers that come newly from Europe^ are often miltaken for fuch. Thefe live wholly on flefh, (and are there- fore called Carrion Crows :) There are great num- bers of them ; They are heavy, dullCreatures,and by their jpearching long at one place they feem to be very lazy; yet they are quick enough to find out their Prey ^ for when we hunt in the Woods or Sa- vannahs, as foon as wc have killed a Beaft, they will immediately Hock about us from all parts, and in llefs than an hours time there will be two or three hundred, though at firft there was not one to be leen. I have fbmetimes tdmired fi:om whence lb many came Co fuddenly ^ for we never lee above two or three at a place, before they comejto feaft on a Car- Ikafs. Some of the Carrion Crows are all over whitj, Ikut their Feathers look as if they were fullied : They have bald Heads and Necks like the reit^ they are |of the fame bignels and make •, wichout any diU'e- rence but in Colour •, and we never lee above one or [two of thele white ones at a time-, and 'tis leldom ilfo that we fee a great number of the black ones, [but we fee one white one amongft them. I. The Logwood-Cutters call the white ones King t Virion Crows, and lay, that they are much bigger E e 2 than tt^. ■^m m 6S Subtle Jacks. A> i6 6 ^^^^" ^^^ Others^ and that when a great number arc J^^^* aHt:mbicd abf Cam- iverfe is n every t not to it and >ther io in their he lame lie, the ot, the vations. any fo t aaor- ive feci) teen or i Coir. colour, :h great arkable end of ide one, e thefe, has 4 il. The y hard tough Knobs, le Tail, P fuch ich are all one ilharp )n the mellow scales, other. The The Cocodrile and Alligaicr differ, 7 5 Thefe Scales are no hindrance to him in turning ^ An. 1676. for he vyill turn very quick , confidering his Vxvvj length. When he goes on Land his Tail drags on the Ground. The Flefh finells very ftrong of Musk^ efpecially four Kernels or Cods that are always found about them, two of which grow in the Groin, near each Tiiigh i the other two at the Breaft, one under each foreleg, and about the bignels of a Pullets Egg ^ therefore when we kill an Alligator, we take out thefe, and having dried them wear them in our Hats for a perfume. The Flefh is feldom eaten but in cale of Neceflity , becaule of its ffrong Icent. Now the Crocodile hath none of thefe Kernels, neither doth his Flefh tafte at all Musky, therefore efteemed better Food. He is of a yellow colour, neither hath he fuch long Teeth in his under Jaw. The Crocodile's Legs alfo are longer, and when it runs on Land, it bears its Tail above the Ground, and turns up the tip of it in a round bow, and the Knots on the hack are much thicker, higher and firmer than thofe of the Alligator : And differ alfb as to the Places where they are found. For in fome Parts, as here in the Bay of Campeachy^ are abundance of Alligators, where yet I never faw nor heard of any Crocodiles. At the Ifle Grand Caymancs^ there are Crocodiles, but no Alligators. At Fines by Cuba^ there are abundance of Crocodiles, but I cannot lay there are no Alligators, tho' I never faw any there. Both Kinds are called Caymanes by the Spaniards ^ therefore probably they may reckon them for the lame. And I know of no other difference, f-*"!* they both lay Eggs alike, which aren^t diltinguifhableto the Eye : They are as big as a Goofe-Egg, but much longer, and good Meat •, yet the Alligators Eggs tafte very musky : Th^ry prey both alike in either Element, for li,: '5! I^Hi' H HHI ^^HS 1 IM 1 1 ■f m- i^^B' \ m.. pi 76 Dogs and Alligatorsl 'An,\626. for thejr love Flefh as well as Fifh, and will live in * either nefh or fait Water. Befide, thefe Creatures I know none that can live any where, or upon any fort of Food, like theni. 'Tis reported, that they love Dogs Flefh better than any other Flefh what- Ibever. This I have feen with my own Eyes, that our Dogs were fb much afraid of them , that they would not very willingly drink at any great River or Creek where thofe Creatures might lurk and hide themfelves, unlefs they were ( through NeceflityJ conftrained to it ^ and then they would Hand ^VQ or fix Foot from the brink of the Creek or River, and bark a confiderable time before they would Adventure nearer ^ and then even at the fight of their own Shadows in the Water , they would again retire to the Place from whence they came, and bark vehemently a long time-, fb that m thd dry Seafon, when there was no frefh Water but in Ponds and Creeks, we ufed to fetch it our felves and give it our Dogs ^ and many times in our Hunting, when we came to a large Creek that we were to pafs througl\, our Dogs would not follow us ^ fo that we often took them in our Arms, and carried them over. Befides the fore-mentioned difference between the Alligator and Crocodile ^ the latter is accounted more fierce and daring than the Alligator : There^ fore when we go to the Ifles of Fines or Grand Caymaties to hunt, we are often molefted by them, efpecially in the Nights But in the Bay of Cam- peachy^ where there are only Alligators, I did never "know any Mifchief done by them, except by accident Men run themfelves into their Jaws. I remember one Inltance of this Nature, which is as fbllows, III In the \ Men (Eng ftes Pona never dry, but after t and woulc then if x they woul Hunters, '. and in th many Bee driven a } an Irifh-nr ftumbled The Allig Man cries ing what Huts, fuj of fome every dx) any aiTifti Jaw to t the Allig his Knee, the room that he pi The Man of his re: to come Call, anc tum , nr: their Ha: Arms to ble cone Feet , hi Teeth. His Gi Paces lie live in eatures )on any it they 1 what- JS, that , that i^ great ht lurk hrough would >f the i time id then in the Place ently a when 3 and id give mting, e were )w us •, and xn the ounted There^ Grand them, Cam- . never pt by Jaws. lich is In ' Alligators Bitingl ^7 In the very height of the dry time feven or dght An. xs-ji. Men (Englifn and Irifh) went to a Place called PiVj ?ond^ on Beej-ljland^ to hunt. This Pond was never dry, fo that the Cattle drew hither in Iwarms, but after two or three days hunting they were (hy ^ and would not come to the Pond till Night, and then if an Army of Men had lain to oppofe them, they would not hare been debarred of Water. The Hunters, knowing their Cuflom, lay ftill all Day, and in the Night vifited this Pond, and killed as many Beefs as they could. This Trade they had driven a Week, and made great profit. At length an Irifh-man going to the Pond in the Night, (tumbled over an Alligator that lay in the Path : The Alligator feized him by the Knee-, at which the Man cries out. Help ! help ! His Conforts not know- ing what the matter was, ran all away from their Huts, fuppofing that he was fallen into the clutches of fome Spaniards^ of whom they were afi:aid every dry Seaibn, But poor Daniel not finding any afliftance , waited till the Beaft opened his Jaw to take better hold, becaule it is ufual for the Alligator to do fb •, and then laatch'd away his Knee, and dipt the But-end of his Gun in the room of it, which the Alligator griped io hard, that he pulfd it out of his Hand and \o went away. The Man being near a Imall Tree, climb'd up out of his reach , and then cryed out to his Conforts to come and allifl: him-, who being llill within Call, and watching to hear the IITue of the Ala- rum , made hafte to him with Fire-brands in their Hands, and brought him away in their Arms to his Hut ^ for he was in a deplora- ble condition, and not able to ftand on his Feet , his Knee was fo torn with the Alligators Teeth. His Gun was found the next day ten or twelve Paces irom th^ Place where he whs feized, with two i^i 'lUS'* ^'ill ■>■ •\ A yg Migators, An. 1476. two large Holes made in the But-endof it, one on each fide, near an Inch deep ^ for I faw the Gun afterwards. This Ipoiled their fport for a time, they being forc'd to carry the Man to the Illand Tr//?, where their Ships were, which was fix or leven Leagues dillant. This Irifh-man went afterwards to New-Evgland^ to be cured, in a Ship belonging to Bofton , and nine or ten Montlis after returned to the Bay again, being recovered of his wound, but went limping ever after. This was all the milchief that ever I heard v::-; done, in the Bay of Campeachy , by the Creatuics call'd Alligators, CHAP. 19 An. l6-j6. CHAP. III. Ifigmod Mem vpay of Living, their Hunting for Beefs in Camas. Alligators. The Author's fetUng with Logwood^men. He is loA in Hunting. Captain HaH and his Mens difajier. the way of prefirving Bullocks Hides. Two hairy Worms growing in the Authors Leg. Dangerous Leg-worms in the Weft Indies. the Amhor firangely cured of one. A violent Storm, A Defer iption of Beef Ifland ; Its Fruits and Animals, Tht Spaniards way of hockpng Cattle, Their care of preferving their Cattle. The wafteful deftruiiion made of them by the Englifh and French Privateers, the Author's narrow Efcape from an Alliga- tor. 1 THE Logwood-Cutters (as I faid before) in- habit the Creeks of the Eall: and Well Lagunts , in Imall Companies , building their Huts dole by the Creeks lidcs for the benefit of the Sea -Breezes, as near the Logwood Groves as they can, removing often to be near their Bufinefs ; Yet when they are fettled in a good open Place, they chule rather to go half a Mile in their Canoas to Work, than lofe tliat convenience. Tho' they build their Huts but llightly, yet they take cart; to thatch them very well with Palm or Palmeto Leaves, to prevent the Rains, which are there very violent ftom foaking in. For Su V», .%. .?U. •s,^ ^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION T-ST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 150 128 u mi 21 2.2 1^ 2.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 ■• 6" ► V] <^ /2 ^"^ '> 5 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 1yj V V \\ f^ %^ C.^ 2ti . Ififfpood-Guiters. M. i6i6. For their Bedding they raife a Barbicue, or wooden Frame 3 Foot and half above Giround on one fide of the Houle-, and ftick up four Stakes, at each corner one, to fkften their Favillions ^ cut of which here is no fleeping for Muskitoes. Another Frame they raife covered with Earth for a Hearth to drefs their Viftuals ; And a third to fit at, when they eat it. During tlie wet Sealbn, the Land where the Logwood grows is fo over-flow'd,that they ftep from their Beds into the Water perhaps two Foot deep, and continue ftanding in the Wet all Day , till they go to Bed again •, but neverthelels account it the beft Seafonin the Year for doing a good Days La- bour in. Some fell the Trees, others faw and cut them into convenient Logs, and one Chips off the. Sap, and he is commonly the principal Man ^ and when a Tree is lo thick, that after it is log'd, it remains ftill too great a Burthen for one Man, we blow it up tvith Gunpowder. The Logwood-Cutters dre generalljr fturdy ftrong Fellows, and will carry Burthens of three or four hundred Weight •, but every Man is left to his choice to carry what he pleafeth, and comaionly they agree very well about it : For they are contented to la- bour very hard. But when Ships come from Jamaica with Rum and Sugar, they are too apt to mif iperid both theii Time and Money. If tiie Commanders of thefe Ships are Free, and treat all that come the firft Day with Punch, they will be much refpefted, and every Man will pay honeftly for what he drinks afterwards •, but if he be niggardly, they will pay him wirh their worft Wood, and commonly they have a ftock of liich lay'd by for that purpofe j iiay, they will cheat them with hollow Wood iill'd with dirt in the middle and both ends plug'd up with BeefHnnting, 8i with a piece of the fame drove in hard, and then^»«j^7^- fawed ofF fo neatly, that it's hard to find out the ' deceit j but if any Man cows to parchale with Bills payable at Jamaica^ they will be fure to give him the beft Wood. In Ibme Pbces, efpeciallyin the Weft Creek of the W:;lt Lagiuit.^ they go a Hunting every Saturday to proviv'^e theMii.^'ves vyith Beet tor the Week fol- lowing.. The Ciitle ii; chis Country are large and fjt in }}kua/y^ Marc ;iiid Apnl •, At other times ot the Vxr they are b ih^ , \.-m not fat, yet (weet enough. When they iia\e kui'd a Bee!', they cut it into four Quarters, aiid takiiig out all the Bon^s^ each Man makes a hole in the middle of his Quarter , juft big enough for his Head to go through, then puts it on like a Frock and trudgeth home-, and if he chances to tire, he cuts off Ibme of it, and ilings it away. It is a Diverlion pleafant enough, though not fvithout lome danger to hunt in a Canoa •, for then tjie Cattle having no other feeding Places than the "' s of the Savannahs, which arelbmewhat higher [Ground than the middle, they are forced fometimes [tofwim^ fo that we eafily come to (1 loot them, len they are thus in the Water= The Beaft^ when fhe is fo hard purfued that fh© [cannot elcape, turns about and comes full tilt at ilie Canoa, and ftriking her Head againfl: the Prow, >^ When I cams thither they were beginning to bring it to the Creek. And becaufe the Carriage is the hardeiT: Work, they hired me to help them at the rate of a Tun of Wood /?^/* Month:promifing me that after this Carriage was over,I fhould ftrike in to work with them, for they were all obliged in Bonds to procure this loo Tuns joyntly together, but for no more. This Wood lay all in the Circumference of 5 or ^00 Yards, and about 300 from the Creek iide, in the middle of a very thick W^ood . unpaflable with Burthens. The firlt thing we did was to bring it ail to one Place in the middle^ and iiom tlience we cut a very large Path to carry it to the Creeks fide. We laboured hard at this Work 5 Days in the Week •, and on Saturdays went into the Sa\'annahs and kill'd Sieves. When we kill'd a Beef, if there were more than 4 of us, the overplus went to ieekfrefh Game,tvhilli the reft drels'd it. I went out the firft Saturday, and comply ed very well with my Mafters Orders, which was only to I help drive the Cattle out of the Savannahs into the Woods, where two or three Men lay to ihoot them : I And havkg kill'd our Game, we marcu^d home with our Burthens. The next Saturday after, I went I with a defign to kill a Beef my ielf, thinking it more honour to try my own skill in Shooting,than only to drive the Game for others to Ihoot at. We went now to a place call'd the Upper Savanmih^ going 4 Miles in our Canoas, and then Landing walk'd one I Mile through the Woods, before we came into the Savannah, and marched about 2 Miles in it, bdbre ! we came up with any Game. Here I^ gave my Companions the ilip, and wandred lb far into the Woods that I loft myfelf^ neither could 1 find the F f 2. way y. 84 T^he Author loft in the Woods. An. i6j6. way into the open Savannah, but inftead of that t-Orv ran ciire^lly from it, through imall Spots of Sa vannahs and Skirts of Woods. This tvas fometime in yM^/y, and it was between ten a Clock and one when L began to find that I was ( as we call it, I fnppofe trom the Spaniards) Morooned^ or Loft, and quite out of the Hearing of my Comrades Guns. I was fomewhat furprized at this ^ but however , I knew I fhould find my way out, as foon as the Sun was a little lower. So I fat down to reft my klfJ refolving however to run no farther out of my way ^ for the Sun being fo near the Z-enith, I could not diftinguilh how to dire£t my Courfe. Being weary and almoit faint for want of Water, I was forced to have recourle to the wild Pines, and was by them fupplicd, or elle I muft have perifti'd with Thirft. About three a Clock I went due North, as near as I could judge, for the Savannah lay Eaft and Weft, and I was on the South fide of it. At Sun-let I got out into the clear open Savannah, being about two Leagues wide in moft Places, but howiong I know not. It is well ftored with Bul- locks, but by frequent Hunting, they grow fhy, and! remove farther up into the Country. Here ij found my lelf four or five Mile to the Weft or the Place where I ftragled from my Companions] I made homewards with all the Ipeed I could, butl being overtaken by the Night, I lay down on thel Gralsa gooddiftance from the Woods, for the be J nefit of the Wind , to keep the Muskitoes from ' me f, but in vain : for in lefs than an Hours time I was fb perfecuted, that though I endeavoured to keep them off by Fanning my lelf with Boughs, and ftiifting my Quarters 3 or 4 times ^ yet ftill they haunted me fo that I could get no fleep. At Dny -break I got up and dire£ted my Courfe to the Creek where we landed, from which I was then iibout two Leagues. I did not fee oneBeaft of any fori Captain Hall loft in the Woods, 85 fort whatever in all the way^ though the day before v^n. 1616. Ifaw feveral Young Calves that could not tbllowi^^/xj their Dams, but even thele were now gone away , to my great Vexation and Dilappointment, for I was very hungry. But about a Mile farther, I fpied ten or twelve Quams perching on the Boughs of a Cotton- Tree. Thefe w^ere not fhy, therefore I got well enough under them ^ and having a fingle Bullet (but no Shot) about me, fired at one of them, butmifs'd it, though I had before often k 11 I'd them fo. Then I came up with and fired at 5 or 6 I'urkies, but with no better fiiccels. So that I was forced to march forward (fill in the Savannah, toward the Creek •, and when I came to the Path that led to it through the Woods, I found (to my great Joy) a Hat lluck upon a Pole : and when I came to the Creek I found another. Thefe were ft* up by my Conforts, who were gone home in the Evening, as Signals that they would come and fetch me. Ihere-r fore I fat down and waited for them ♦, for although 1 had then not above three Leagues home by Water, yet it would have been very difficult, if not impof- fible for me to have got thither over Land, by rca- fon of thofe valt unpaflfable Thickets, abounding every where along the Creeks fide •, wherein I have known Ibme puzzled for two or tliree days, and have not advanced half a Mile, though they la- boured extreamly every day. Neither was T difap- pointed of my hopes ^ for within half an Hour after my arrival at the Creek , my Conforts came, bringing every Man his Bottle of Water, and his Gun, both to hunt for Game and to give me notice by Firing, that I might hear them ^ for I have known feveral Men loff: in the like manner, and never heard of afterwards. Such an Accident befel one Captain Hall of AVro- Ingland^ who came hither in a Bojlon Ship, to take In Logwood, and was fraighted by two Scotcli- F f 3 men. 'I I ■ ■ » P* J. 86 CaptainUdWloft. An. 1676, men, and one Mr. W,Cane^zn Irifh-man whodefign- ^'^^^^ u,g to go with Goods iroin Jamaica to NexioEng- land ♦, lor that realon when hiii Logwood was aboard, tarried at 'Ynj} with the Ship, and hunted once \w 2 or thiee Days tor Beef to lengthen out his Salt- Frovilion. One Morning the Captain defigning to hunt, took five of his Men, with his Mate, as alio his Merchant Mr. Ca/ie along with him. They Landed attlie Ealt end of the Ifland, which is low yTL'//i,v\:;L't'-/u'W^the Savannah is a confidenble dillance ti:ora the Sea, aird therefore troublefom to get to it. However, unlels they would row four or five Leagues farther, they could not find a more con- venient place •, befide, they doubted notof Mr. Cl?;?^^^ skill to condu8: them. After they had followed him a Mile or two into the Woods, the Captain leeiiig him to make a Halt (as being in Ibme doubt) loconfiderof the way, toldliim in derifion, that he was but a forty Woodlinan, and that he would living him but twice round, and he fhould not guefs the way out again •, and laying no more to him, v^ent forwards, aixl bid his Seamen follow him, ivhich they did accordingly, Mr. Ca/7t\ after he had recolle8:ed himfelf^ (truck off another way, and defired them to go with him : Butinfteadof that, they were all for following the Captain. In a f hoit time Mr. Ca/ie got out of the Woods into the Savannah, and tljerc kill'd a good fat Cow, and quartering it, made it fit for Carriage, liippofing the Captain and Crew would fbon be with him. But after waiting 3 or 4 hours, and Hring his Gun feveral times, without hearing any Anfwer, took up his Burden and returned towards the Sea-lide ^ and upon giving a Signal a Bo^t came and brought him aboard. In the mean time the Captain and his Men after 4 or 5 Hours ranging the Woods, began to grow tired ,& then his Mate haftily trufting more to his own Judf^ment, left him and the four Seamen, and about I foiii defign- evoEng. aboard. K2 ■ ri 2 to grow I his own id about I fbiu ^^^noo Captain Hall loft. Sy four or five a Clock being almolt fpeiu with ThirO, ^"'JfZ^\ got out of the Woods to the Sea fhore, and as weak as he was, fired his Gun for the Boat to fetch him, vv'iiich was immediately done. When he came Aboard he gave an Account where- about, ai}d in what a condition he left the Captain and his Men-, but it being then too late to leek him, the next Morning very early Mr. Ca/ic and two Seamen taking Dire£f ions from the Mate (who was (6 fatigued that he could not Ifn*) where he had left the Captain, went afhore, and at length came with- in call of him , and at lali found him laj^d down in a Thicket, having jufi: feiile to call out fometimes, but not ffrength enough to Ifaiid ^ fo they were forced to carry him to the Sea iidc. When they had a little refrelh'd him with Brandy and Wa- ter, he told them how his Company had faintrid for Thirft, and drop'd down one after another, though he ftill incouraged them to be chearful and reil themlelves a while, till he got fome iiipplies of Water for them, that they were very patient, and that two of his Men held out till ^vc a Clock in the Afternoon, and then they fainted alfo •, but he himfelf proceeded in queft of his way till Night ^ and then fell down in the place where they then found him. The two Seamen carried the Captain Aboard, while Mr. Cane learched about for the reff, but to no purpofe •, for he returned without them, and could neve hear of them aft .^rwards. This was a warning to me never to draggle from my Conforts in our Hunting. But to proceed. When my Months Service was up, in which time we brought down all the Wood to the Creeks fide, I was prefently pay'd my Tun of Logwood ^ with which, and fome more that I borrowed, 1 bought a little Provifion, and was afterwards entertained as a F f 4 Com- i>t'i: 8g Eulhckj Hides. Afl. 1 57 5. Companion at Work with fome of my former WOTNJ Mafters •, for they preflntly broke up C^onlort-lhips, letting the Wood lye till either Mr. IVrj} came to fetch it, according to his ContraQ, or elle till they fhould otherwile difpofe of it. Some ot them immediately went to Beef-lfldml to kill Bullocks tor their Hides, which they prelerve by pegging them out very rite on the Ground, tirtt they turn the fiefjiy fide, and after the hair upwards, letting them lye fb till they are very dry. 3 2 Itrong Pegs as big as a Man's Arm, are required to 1 (retch the Hide as it ought to be. When they are dry tluy fold them in the middle from Head to 1 ad, with the Hair outward ^ and then hang them crols a llrong Pole lb high that the ends may not touch the (jrouLcl, 40 or 50 one upon another, and once in 3 Weeks or a Month they beat them with great J^ticks, to ftrike otf the Worms that breed in the Hair, and eat it off, which Ipoils the Hide When they are to be fhip'd oft", they foak them in fait Water to kill the remaining Worms : and while they are yet wet they told them in 4 folds, and afterwards Ipread them Abroad again to dry. When they are tully dry, they fold them up again, and fo lend them Aboard. I was yet a Stranger to this Work, therefore remained with 3 of the old Crew to cut more Logwood. MyConfortswere all three Scotch-men j one of them named Frke Mortice had lived there Ibme Years, and was Mafter of a pretty large Periago^ tbr without Ibme fort of Boat, here is no liirring from one place to another. The other two were young Men that had been bred Merchants, viz, Mr. Duncan Campbell ^ and Mr. George •• Thele two not liking either the Place or Employ- n^ent, waited an opportunity of going away by the foil Ship that came hither to take iii Logwood. Ac cordii.[;ly not long after the above-mentioned Capt. hu/i of Bojio/7y came hither on that defign, and was fraighted Stvange Leg-rcovms. 89 freighted by tlK:mwith4o Tun. It was agreed that An, i6y6. Qenr^c fhould (tay behind to cut Logwood ^ biH: ^^^Y*x/ C.v///^V/{l]ou'id go to A rzv-hr/ii/jm/ to lell this C'ar- go, and brhig back Flower, and luch other Commo- (liiics that were proper to purchale l-ndes and Log- wood in the Bay. This retarded our bulinels ^ for 1 did not find Pricr Morncc very intent at Work : jiii Lis like he thought he had Logwood enough. Ar.dlhave partlcuhirly oblerved there, and in other Places, that luch as liad been well-bred, were gene- rally molt careful to improve their Time, and would be very induihious ar.d frugal, when ther® was any probability ot c^jniiderable Gain. Bur on the con- uary,liich as had beeninur'd to hard Labour, and got their Living by the Iweat of their Brows^ when they came to have plenty, would extiavagandy Iquander away their Time and Money in Drinking and making aBluller. To be fhort, I kept to my Work by my felf, till I washindiedby a hard, red and angry Swelling Lke a B<»yl, in my rif.,ht Leg-, lb painful that I was Icarce able to ilaj:d oi. it ; but I was diredkd to roalt and apply theKoots of White Lillies (of which here is gvcat plenty, growing by the Creek fides) to draw 't 10 a head. This I did three or four Days, without any benefit. At laft I perceived two White Specks indie middle of the Boil ^ and iqueezing it, two liViall white Worms fpurted out. 1 took them both lip in my Hand, and perceived each of them to be inveRedwith three Rows of black, fhort, ftilFHair, running clear round them ^ one Row near each end ^ the other in the middle : each Row dilfind froin other ; and all very regular and uniform. The Worms v\ crc about the bignels of a Hens Quill, and about three fourths of an Inch long. I never faw Worms of this fort breed in any Man's Flelh. I iideed Gu'ineu Worms are very frequent in fome Places of the Weft Indies^ efpecially at Cura- 90 Aftrange Cure. An. i6y6. f^^^ . They breed as well inWhitei as Negroes ; And ^"^""^^"^ becaule that llland was formerly a Magazin of N^ ^.toes, while the Dutch drove that Trade with tht Spaniards, and the^ Negroes were molt fubjeQ to them , 'twas therefore believed that other rcuplc took them by lnfe8jon from them. I rather judge t'lat they are generated by drinking bad Water ^ and 'tis as likely that the Water of the other llland of /i;///;c/dnd bofu'try mr/ produce the fameEffe^ls- for many of thofe that went with me from thence to Virc^in'hi (mentioned in my former Volume ) were troubled with them after our arrival there : parti- ciil Illy I mv felf had one bffoke out in my Ancle. after I had been there five or fix Months. Thefe Worms are no bigger than a large brown Thread, but (as I have heard) five or fix Yards long- and if it breaks in drawing out, that part which re- mains in theFlefh willputrifie, and be very painful, and indanger the Patients Life •, oratleaftthe ufeof that Limb : and I have known fome that have been fcarified and cut ftrangely, to take out the Worm. I was in great torment before it came out : my Leg and Ancle fwell'd and look'd very red and angry ^ and I kept a Plailler to it, to bring it to a Head. At lalt drawing off my Plailler, out came about three Inches of the Worm ^ and my pain abated prefently. Till then I was ignorant of my Malady-, and the Gentlewoman, at whofe Houfe I was, took it for A Nerve ^ but I knew well enough what it was, and prefently rolfd it up on a fmall Stick. After that 1 opened it every Morning and Evening ^ and ffrain- ed it out gently, about two Inches at a time, not without Ibme pain, till at length I had got out about two Foot. Riding with one Mr. Richardfofj^ who was going to a Negro to have his Horle cured of a gall'd Back, I ask'd the Negro if he could undertake niy Leg : which he did very readily j and in the mean time Legvpotms, pi time I obferved his Method in curing the Horfc ..An, 1676. which was this. Firlt he ilrok'd the lure Place, then U^VNj applying to it a little rough Powder, which looked like Tobacco Leaves dryed and crumbled fmall, fie mumbling ibme Words to himlelt, he blew upon the part three times ^ and waving his Hands as often over it (aid, it would be well Ipeedily. HisFeeior the Cure was a White Cock. Then coming to me, and looking on the Worm in my Ancle, he promifed to cure it in three Days, de- manding alio a White Cock for his pains, and ufing exactly the fame Method with me, as lie did with the Horie, He bad me not open it in three Days •, but 1 did not Hay fo long •, for the next Morning the C loath being rubb'd off, I unbound it, and found the Worm broken off, and the Hole quite healed up. I was afraid the remahiing part would have given fome trouble, but have not telt any pain there from that day to this. To return. I told you how J was interrupted in fblluwing my Work, by the Worms breeding in my Leg. And to corapleat my misfortune, prelently afi:er we had the molt violent Storm, for above 24 Hours, that ever was known in thele Parts. An Ac- count of which I fhall give more particularly in my l^i/courft' of WiJids -, and fhall now only mention fome Paffages. I have already laid, we were four of us in Com- pany at this Place cutting Logwood : and by this Storm were reduced to great Inconveniencies ^ for while that lafted we could drefs no Vi£luals , nor even now it was over, unlefs we had done it in the Canoa ^ for the higheft Land near us was almoft 3 Foot under Water •, befides, our Provifion too was molt of it fpoiled, except the Beef and Pork, which was but little the worfe. We had a good Canoa large enough to carry us all •, and feeing it in vain to ftay here any longer, we all i:J r:^': [4 gi Ships forcd ajhore. An 1 575 disembarked and rowed away to One-Bujh-Key^ about JI^Y^ 4 Leagues from our Huts. There werj 4 Ships riding here, when the Storm began : but at our arrival we found only one, and hoped to have got lome Kefrefh- ment from it, but found very cold entertainment : For we could neither get Bread nor Punch., nor fo much as a Dram of Rum, though we offered them Money for it. The Kealon was, they were already over-charged with fuch as being diftrefled by the Storm, had been torcedto take Sanduary with them, feeing we could not be lupplied here, we asked which way the other three Ships were driven > ihcy told us that Capt. Prout of J\ ew-Eng/and was driven towards Tr//? ^ and 'twas probable he was carried out to Sea, unleis he liuck on a Sand, called the Middle Ground ^ that Capt. Skinner o\' Kew-Englund was driven towards Bcef-ljland • and Captain Chand- ler of London , drove away towards Man-ofWar Lagune. Beef-ljland lies North from One-Bujh-Key'^ but the other two Places lie a little on each fide : One to the Eafl; ^ the other to the Weft. So away wc went for Beef-lfland: and coming within a League of it, we faw a Flag ni the Woods , made fall: to a Pole, and placed on the Top of a high Tree. And coming llill nearer, we atlafffawa Shipin theWoals, about 200 Yards from the Sea. We rowed dire8:ly towards her ^ and when we came to the Woods fide, found a pretty clear Paf fage made by the Ship, through the Woods, the Trees being all broke down •, And about three Foot Water Home to the Ship. We rowed in without Caiioa, and went Aboard, and were kindly Enter^ tained by the Seamen : but the Captain was gone Aboard Captain Prout ^ who ftuck fai4: on the middle Grouwd before-mentioned. Captain Proufs Ship was afterwards got oiF again ^ but the Stumps of the Trees ran clear through the bottom of Captain Skinner'^s A Storm, 5>j Sy^/;/;/^^'^,therefore there was no hope offavinghcr. ^j. ,575. Here we got Victuals and Puncli, and flayed about V^vVi^ two Hours, in which time the Captain came Aboard, and invited us to liaj^ all Night. But hearing fome Guns fired in Man-ofWar Lagune^ we concluded that Captain Chcmdler was there, and wanted al- fiftance. Theretorc we prefently rowed away thither ^ for we could do no Service here : and before Night found him alfo ituck fait on a Poi"t of Sand, The Huad of his Ketch was dry, and ac the Stern, there was above 4 Foot Water. Our coming was very lealbnable to Captain Chandkr^ with whom we ftayed two Days : in which time we got out all hisGoods,carricd off his Anchor, ^c. and fo not being able as yet to do him more Service, we left him for the prefent, and went away to hunt 2XBeef-\fland. At Tnfl were four Veflels riding before this Storm ^ one ot diem was driven off to Sea , and never heard of afterwards. Another w^as caft dry upon the Ihore, where fhe lay and was never got off again : But the third rode it out. Another was riding without the Bar of T/'//?, and fhe put to Sea, and got to l\ew-England • but much (battered. About three days before this Storm began, a (mail Veflel, Commanded by Captain VaJly^ went hence, bound to Jamaica. This Veflel was given for loft by all the Logwood -Cutters : but about 4 Months after i\i^ returned thither again •, and the Captain faid he felt nothing of the Storm, but when he was about 30 Leagues to Wind-ward of Tnft^ he !iad a frefh5//;^;^^^;?r^/-rF/W that carried him as high as Qape Condecedo ^ but all the time he faw very black Clouds to the Weft ward. Beef'lfland is about 7 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 broad. It lies in length Eaft and Weft. The Eaft end looks toward the Illand Trift ^ and is low drowned land : and near the Sea produceth nothing but white ir 94 ' • Beef-Ifland* An. 1676. white and black Mangrove-Trees. The North fide lies open to the Main Sea, running ftraight from Eaft to Weft. The Eaftermoft part for about three Leagues from Triji is Low and Mangrovy •, at the end of which there is a fmall lalt Creek, deep enough at high Water for Boats to pais. From this Creek to the Weft end , is 4 Leagues all fandy Bay,cloled on the backfide with a low Sand- bank, abounding with thick prickly Bufhes, like a Whitethorn-, bearing a whitiin hard Shell-Fruit, as big as a Sloe, much like a Calla-bafti. The Wefl end is wafhed with the River St. Peter St. Pud This end is over-grow^nwith red Mangroves. About 3 Leagues up from the Mouth of this River fhoots forth a fmall Branch, running to the Eaftward, and dividing Beef-lJIand form the Main on the South, and afterwards makes a great Lake of ftefh Water , called ¥rejh Water La^une. This afterward falls into a Salt Lake, called Mcm-of-War hagune-^ which emptys it felf into haguna Termina^ about 3 Leagues from the S. E. Point of the Ifland. The infideor middle of this Uland is a Savannah, bordered all round with Trees, moft Mangrovy ^ either black, white or red, with fome Lo^^wood. The South fide, between the Savannahs and the Mangroves, is very rich. Sometimes this Land lyes in Ridges higher than the Savannahs. The Savannahs produce plenty of long Grals, and the Ridges curious high flourifhing Trees of divers forts. The Fruits of this Ifland are, Pengiiins^ both red and yellow , Quavers , Sapadilloes , L'wies , Oranges^ &c. Thele laft but lately planted liere by a Colony of Indians ^ who revolted from the Spa- niards and fettled here. It is no new thing for the Indians in thefe Woody Parts of America^ to fiy away whole Towns at once, and fettle themlelves in the unfrequented Woods, Indians Hammacks, ^ ^ Woods, to enpy their Freedom •, and if they 2X^An.\6i6 accidentally dilcovered^they will remove again^ whichf they can eafily do-, their Houfhold-Goods being litde elfe but their Cotton Hammacks, and their Callabafhes. They build every Man his own Houle, and tye up their Hammacks between two Trees ^ wherein they ileep till their Houfes are made. The Woods afford them Ibme Subfiftence, asPrrj;j and Warree ^ but they that are thus ftroling (or jvcroon- ing^ as ih^ Spaniards call it) have Plantain-Walks that no Man knows, but themlelves-, and from thence they have their Food, till they have raiicd Plantation Provifion near their New-built Town. They clear no more Ground than what they actually employ for their Subfiftence. They make no Paths : but when they go far from Home ^ they break now and then a Bough ^ letting it hang down ^ whicli lerves as a Mark to guide them iu their return. 11 they happen to be difcovered by other Indians, inha- biting ftill among the Spaniards^or do but milirult ir^, they immediately ihift their Quarters to another Place. This large Country affording them good fat Land enough, and very Woody, and therefore a proper San^^uary for them. It was lome of thefe fugitive Indians that came to live at jBf<'/-/y?^//7^4where,beiides gaining their Free- dom from the Spaniards, they might fee their Friends and Acquaintances, that had been taken Ibme time before by the Privateers, ar.d Ibid to the Logwood- Cutters, with whom ibme of the Women lived Hill ^ though others of them had been condud^ed by them to their own Habitations. ■ It was thele Women after their return made known the kind Entertainment that they met with from the Fi.glifh • and perlwaded their Friends to leave their Dwellings near the Spaniards, and fettle (>n thi •; Ifland ^ and they had been here almolt a \ ear before they were difcovered by theEnglifh ; and even then were acci- dentally r g6 Beef-Ifland Ammals. An, 1676. dentally found out by the Hunters, as they folloiv- ed their Game. They were not very fhy all the time I lived there-, but I know that upon the leaft difgult they would have been gone. The Ammals of this Hland are, Squajhes in abun- dance, 'Porcupines^ Guanoes^ Fojfomes^ Peairy^ Dcer^ Horfes and Horn Cattle, This Ifland does properly belong to John d'Acofta^ a Spaniard of Campeachy Town , who poflefs a it ' when the Englifh firll: came hither to cut Logwood. His Habitation was then at the Town o^ Campeachy ^ but in the dry Seafon he uled to come hither in a Bark, with fix or (even Servants^ and fpend two or three Months in Hockfing and killing Cattle, only for their Hides and Tallow. The Englifh Logwood-Cutters happened once to come hither, whi If I John cTAcofla was there ^ and he hearing their Guns , made towards them, and defired them to forbear firing ^becaule it would make the Cattle wild ^ but told them that at any tims when they wanted Beef, if they fent to him he would hox as many as they plea fed, and bring the Meat to their Canoas. The Englifh thankfully accepted his Ofter ^ and did never after flioot his Cattle ^ but lent to him, when they wanted : and he ( according to his Promife) fupplied them. This created him lb much Friendfhip, that they intended when they return- ed to Jamaica , to bring him a Prefent, and Goods alfbto Trade with him-, which would have been very Advantagious to both Parties : but fome of his Servants acquainted the Townlrnen of it, at his return to Campeachy, And they being jealous of the Englifh, and envying him, complained to the Governour ^ who prefently caft him into Prifon, where he remained many Years : This happened about the Year 71 or 72. Thus the Proje£l of Trading with the Englifh miicarried here -, and John {i'AcoJla was forced 10 relinquifh his Right of this pleafans Hockfing Cattle: ^y rant and profitable Ifland, leaving it wholly to the An. 1676. Englifti i for neither he nor any other Spaniard ever ' ' came hither afterward to hocks Cattle. This way of Hockfing Bullocks feenis peculiar to the Spaniards ^ elpecially to thofe that live hcTo- abouts, who are very dextrous at it. For this Rcafon fome of them are conftantly employed in it all the Year ^ and lb become very expert. Tlie liockjcr is mounted on a good Horle, bred up to the Sport ^ who knows ^o well when to advajice or retreat upoji occafion, that the Rider has no trouble to manage him. His Arms is a Hockfing Iron, which is made i« the fhape of a Half Moon, and from one corner to the other is about 6 or 7 Inches j with a very (harp Edge. This Iron is faftned by a Socket to a Pole about 14 or 15 Foot long. When the Hockler is mounted, he lays the Pole over the Head of his Horil-, with the Iron forward, and then Kides after his Game ^ and having overtaken it,ftrikes his Iron jull: above the Hock, and Hamftrings it. The Horle preiently wheels off to the left •, for the wounded Bealt makes at him prefently with all his force ^ but he Ifcampers away a good diftance before becomes about I again. If the Haraltring is not quite ,cut afunder with jthe ftroke, yet the Bullocks by continual fpringing I out his Leg, certainly breaks it •, and then can j go but on three Legs, yet flill limps forward to be I revenged on his Enemy. Then the* HockLT Rides up Ibftly to him, and ftilkes his Iron into [the Knee of one of his fore Legs ^ and then he [immediately tumbles down. He gets otf his Horle^ land taking a iharp-pointed Ifrong Knife, llrikes lit into his Pole, a little behind the Horns , fo Idextroufly that at one blow he cuts the. Ifringof his Neck-, and down falls his Head. This thjy call Yoling. Then the Hockier immediately Mounts, ; id Kide^ after more Game, leaving th^ othef to uie Gg Skinnei^ i- 9? Weft Indies ^ockid with Cattle: An.\6i6, Skinners, who are at hLiiid. and ready to take oiF ^^v^>Jhis Hide. The right Ear of the Hockfmg-Horfe, Ly th; weight ot the Pole lay'd coiiftantly over it wik] on Daty, hangs down always, by which you may kno^v it Irom otJicr Morlcs. The SpdWdnh- pick and chufe only the Bulls ad old Cows, and leave the young Cattle to breed • ty which means they always prelerve their Stock entire, On the contrary, the Engli/Jj and l^/r/zJ; kill witlio:t| dilliiJcHon •, yea, the young rather than the old without regard of keeping up their Stock. JcimA is a remarkable Inftance ot this our Folly, in \\::\ Particular. For when it was firft taken by the Ir^- ///^,the Savannahs were well ftock'd with Cattle^ \m were loon all deftroyed by our Soldiers^who liifierd' great Hardfhips afterwards for it : and it was i]e\;r Itock'dagain tillSir T^^;z?^lei indanct i IS wasilj lir )f the 01 tant ihe: that Danger in Hunthg, 99 is dangerous for a fingle Man to iire at them, or to ^'" i:^-^5. venture through the Savannahs. For rlu old Bull .'■^V^^ that have been formerly lliot, will make at him: and they Vvill all draw up in Batraliu toderciul ihcni- fclves upon our approac'.i •, ilu old Ruil,-. in ihc Front •, behind them the Cows, in the lame manner^ and Lehiiid them the young Cattle. And if \\c fhive to wheel about to get in the Reer, the B iii:i will certainly face about that way, and llill preleiit a Front to us. Therefore we leldom llrive to llioot any out of a great Herd ^ but walk about in the Woods, clofe by the Savannah^ and there we light of our Game. The Bealf makes diredly at thi.- Hunter, if it be defperately wounded, (as I have ex- perienced my felf ) but if but llightly, they com- monly run away. The old Hunters tell us, that a Cow is more dangerous of the two ^ becaule, they fay, fhe runs at her Enemy with her l^yes open ^ but the Bull (huts his, fo that you may eafily avoid him. But this I cannot affirm upon my own know ledge,and rather doubt the truth o^'it-,tor 1 knew one flirewdly gor'd by a Bull. He was a Contort with Mr. Barker^ m the Well Lagune ^ where having tir'd themielves with cutting Logwood.rhey took an occafionto go in their Canoa U) Berj-lJIu/iJ^ to re- frelb themielves there a Fortnight or three Wee]:s^ becaule here were leveral Icrts of Fruits, and pleiity of Cabbage to eat with their freih Beet^ wliicii they could not fail to meet with. Iliey came t) a Place calFd the Suit Creek •, and thcje biiilr them a Hut. About 4 a Clock while Mr. Barker lay dnvn |to deep, his Conlbrt marclfd out into the Saua!a:ah, ^boiit a Mile from their Huts •, and iher- c^^r.ing ["ivithin fhot of a Bull, woujided hin: defperate- ily •, but yet the Bull had Hill lo much iirength leit |as to purfue and overtake his Adverfiry, trampling on him ^ and goring his Thigh, lb that h j was not able Gg 2 to Mia il ii I CO ' -An efca^e from an Alligatorl Aiu 1675.^*-' ^'^^^- ^^^^ ^"^^ ^y ^^^^^ ^^"^^ ^^^ Ipent, and fell ^..^•^^rdown dead by him : And there the Manhadalfo perifhed, if Mr. Bdrki'r had not come the next Motnhig to feek him -^ ;vho finding him by ihe dead Bead, took him on his I'lck, and lu^Vl him homj to their Hut. l\\c next day he put him in hisCanoj. and delivered him aboard a Ship, into the handset' a Surgeon, who cured him in a little timu. I told you we lett Capt. Chandler^ with a dciign of going to Bccflflimd. to fpend Ibmetime in Hun- ting at ?\es Fond^ beiore-mentioned. But before we came thither we went afhore to kill a Beef for Sup- per •, where I was furprized with an odd accident. raifing through a fmall Savannah, about 2 or 3 Foot deep, we fmell'd a ftrong jfcent of an Alligator ; and prelently after I (tumbled over one, and tell down immediately. I cry'd out for help: but my Conlbrts, initead of alTifting me, ran away toward the Wood. 1 had no fooner got up to follow them, but I flumbled on him a fecond time ^ and a third time alfo : expe£^ing ftill when I fell down to be devoured. Yet at lait I got out fafe ^ but fo frighted that I never cared for going through the Water again as long as I was in the Bay, CHAF 101 C H A P. IV. the River St. Peter St. Paul The Mount m2- Cow and Hippopotamus. Tobafco Ifland. Gua- vers. Tobafco River, Manatee. Villa de Mofa. Eftapo. Halapo. Tacatalpo de Sierra. Small Bees. Indians, Tartilios. Pofole. Cotton Garments. Early Marriages. Towns, Fefti- mis. S^ape and Features. TH E River St.Tetcr St. Paul fprings from the high Moantainsof Cbitipo^A^owi aoLeagues within the Country ,whlch are fo called from a City not far diltant. Irs firll Courfe is Eafterly for a confiderable length, till it meets with Mountains on that fide : then it turns fhort about Northward, till within 1 2 Leagues of the Sea. And laftly, it divides its lelf into two Branches. The Weitern Branch falls into the Ri^^er Tohqfco •, the other keeps its Courfe till within 4Le!guesof the Sea ^ then divides it felf again. The Ealtermort of thefe Branches leparates Bcef-lfland from the Main ^ and falls into Mcin-of-War Lagune.^ as is before related- The other keeps it Courle and Name, till it falls into the Sea, between Becf-lJIdnd and To- hdfco'ljland •, where it is no broader than the Thames at Grave/end. There is a Bar at its Entrance, but of what depth I know not ^ over which fmall Vef fels may pufs well enough by the Beneiit of the Tide. It is both deeper and broader after you are in-, for th^rc it is 15 or id Foot Water ^ and very good Riding. By Report of the Privateers who have been up this River, it is very broad before it Gg3 parts-. lOJL An. 1676',, The Mountain Cow. parts- 8?. beyond that tartiiLTiii the Country ,has divers iai^',''''^ ^^'^^^^ yours^ and cannot voeigh lefs than one Let mc add of wine own^ that perhaps they are greater^ about the Cape of Good Hope ^ mKnct that of Ley den came. And feeing there are no Horns ^ perhaps it may cm well he called a River-Horfe, ma River -Cow : hut for that ^ it mufihear the dc^ 7ionn notion given it ly the People of the Place where they are ^ which 7nay be different in Africa and Ainc- lica. Bttt lijhiit he fays of her finking to the bottom in deep Rivers^ and ivalking there^ if he adds^ what I thinkhe fuppofes^ ihatf?e rifes again^ and comes on the Land ^ / 7nuch qiiejlion. tor that fuch a huge Body Jhoiild raife it Jelf up again (though I know Whales and great Yifhes can and do ) tranfcends the faith of III I readily acknowledge, there is fome refemblance between this Mountain-Cow of America^ and the African hippopotamus •, but yet am of Opinion that they mull needs be of a different Species : for the Mountain-Cow is never kjiown to Iwim out to Sea, nor to be found near it^ and is not above half fo big^ and has no long Teeth. But for further fatisfa8:ion, J have here inlerted two Accounts of the Africtin Hippopotamus^ as they were lent •, the one to the Honourable Perfon before-mentioned, from Captain Covent of Porbury^ near Brifiol^ a Gentleman of great Ability and Experience, as well as known In- tegrity, who ufed to Trade to A/igola : The other to my felf, from my worthy Friend Captain Rogers^ as he has leen them in the River Natal^ in the La- titude of 30 on the Eaft fide of the Cape of Good ^ liope. The SeaHorle's Head, Ears and Noftrils are like our Horfes •, with a fhort Tail and Legs.And hisFoot- jfteps in the Sand like a Horles ^ but the Body above twice Sea-Horfe. oy one I twice as big. He grafcs on the fliore, and dungs >i„., 5^5. like a Horic. Is of a dark-brown, but gliltcring in the Water. His pace is but How on the f h^re ^ in the Water more fwif t. He there feeds on imall Fif h iind what he can get ^ and will go down to the bot- tom in 3 Fathom Water. For Ihave watch'd him ^ iind he hath fiaid above half an hourbetbrehearofe, lie is very milchievousto white Men. I have known liim open his Mouth and fet one Tooth on the Gunnel of a Boat, and another on the fecond Strake Irom the Keel (which was more than 4 Foot diltant) and there bit a hole through the Plank, and iLink the Boat ^ and after he had done, he wentaway Ihaking his Ears. His Itrength is incredibly great ^ for 1 have leenhim in the Wafh of the fhore, when the Sea has tofled in a Dutch-man's Boat, with 14 llogfheads of Water in her, upon the laid Bealt ^ and left it dry on his Back : and another Sea came and fetched the Boat off , and the Bead was not luirtyAs far as 1 could perceive.Howhis Teeth grow in his Mouth I could not fee ^ only that they were round like a Bow ^ and about 16 inches long ^ and in the biggelf part more than 6 Inches about. We nude leveral ln©t at him ^ but to no purpolc •, for they would glance from him as from a W^all. The NatiA'es call him a Kittiwpinigo^ and fay he is Fc i[lji\ which is a kind of a God ^ for nothing, they lay can kill him : And if they fhould do to him, as the White Men do, he would foon deifroy their Ca- iioas and Fifhing-Nets. Their Cuftom is when he comes near their Canoas, to throw him Fifh ^ and then he pafTeth away, and will not meddle with their Fifhing-Graft. He doth moft mifchief when he can ftand on the Ground ^ but when a-fioat, hath only power to bite. As our Boat once lay near the Ihore, I law him go under her, and with his Back lift her out of the Water ^ and over-let her with 6 Men aboard : but, as it happened, did them no harm. ♦ • Whilft , \ II A io6 7he Sea-Horje. An, 1676. Whilfl: we lay in the Road we had three of them, ^•'"'VXJ which did trouble this ^ay every Full and Change! and two or three Days ...iter, the Natives fay, they go together, two Males and one Female. Their Noilc is much like the bellowing of a large Call! This Remark was made of a Sea-Horfe at houngo^ in the Year 1 65? 5. Captain RogerV Letter* S I R, TH E Hippopotamus or Sea-Horfe, lives as ixell on Land as in the Sea or in Rivers, It is Jim- fed 711 uch like an Ox^ but bigger -, weighing 1 500 ^v 1^00 K This Creature is very full bodied^ and co- vered with Hair of a Moufe Colour ^ thick^ floor t and of a very beautiful fleeknefs^ when he firfl comes cut of the Water, The Head is fattifly on the to]). It has no Horns : but large Lips^ a wide Mouth and jlrong Teeth ^ four of which are longer than the refi^ (viz.) two in the upper Jaw ^ one on each fide : and two tvore in the under : Thefe lafl are four or fcve Inches long , the other two are fhorter. It has large broad Ears •, great goggle Eyes •, and is ver^ quick fight ed. It has a thick Neck ^ andftrong Legs^ hut iKicak Eoot locks. The Hoofs of his Feet are Cloven in the middle : And it has two f mall Hoofs above the loot lock ^ which bending to the Ground ziohen it goes^ make an Impreffion on the Sand like four Claws, H/s Tail is jbort and tapering^ like a Swine s ^ without any Bob at the end. This Beaji is commonly fat and very good Ale at. It grafeth afhore in wet fwampy Ground near Rivers or Fonds -^ but retires to the Watcr^ if purfued. When they are in the Wate/\ they will fink down to the bottom ^ and there walk as on dry Ground. They imll run almofi asfiji as a Alan : tut if chafed hard.^ they will turn about and look very fierce^ like a Boar •, and fight if put to it. The Na- tives Tobafco JJland. 107 t'lves of the Counti-y have no Wars with thefe Crea- An, 1676, turcs ^ but we had )7hiny Conflicts with them^ both on W^v^vi hhorc and in the Rivers: and though ixje commonly got the better by killing Jome^ and routing the refl: -^ yet in the Water ive durjl not mo left them^ after one Bout ^ idnch had like to have proved fatal to 3 Men that i^ent in a Jmall Canoa to lull a fingle Sea- iiorfe^ in a River zvhere zcas 8 or 10 hoot Water, The Horfe^ according to his Cujiom^ was marching in the bottom of the River ^ and being ej pied by thcj'e Mcn^ they wounded him with along Lance -^ which Jb enraged the BeaJ}^ that he roje up immediately^ and giving a fierce look^ he opened his Jaws and bit a threat piece of the Gunnal or upper edge of the Canoa^ J ml was like to over Jet it , but prefently funk down jj^ain to the bottom : and the Men ?//ade away a^ jufl a^ they could^ for fear he fhould come again* The Weft Branch oFthe River Sc. Feter Sr. Faul^ a(i:er it has run 8 or 5? Leagues N. W, loleth it ielf in Tobafco River, about 4 Leagues trom the Sea,and 10 makes the liland Tobafco^ which is 1 2 Leagues long, aud 4 broad at the North end : for from the iviver St. Reter St. Raul^ to the mouth of" Tcbajco Klver, is accounted 4 Leagues^ and the Shore lies tuitand^Wett. Tlie tirll: League on the Eaft is Mangrove-Land^ ividi lome Sandy Bay, where Turtle come afhore to lay their Eggs. The Weft part of it is Sandy Bay quite to the Ri- ver Tobafco. But becaule here is conftantly a great ^ea, you have no good Landing till within the River. The N. W. part of it is full o^'Guaver Trees of the greateft- variety, and their fruit the largeft and beft t'fted I have met with ^ and 'tis really a very deli- cious place. There are alio feme Coco-Plums and Grapes^ but not many. The Savannahs here are na- turally fenced with Groves ofGuavers, and produce good io8 Tobafco River. 'Aft'i^i^* good Grafs for Pafture, and are pretty well ftock'd " " ' with fit Bullocks : and I do believe it is from their eating the Guaver Fruit that thefe Trees arc fo thick. For this fruit is fullof fmall feeds-,which being 1 wal- lowed whole by the Cattle, are voided whole by them again ^ and then taking root in their Dang, ipring up abundantly. Here are alio Deer in great numbers •, thele we conflantly find feeding in the Savannahs Mornings and EA'enings. And I remember an unlucky Accident whilft I was there. Two or three Men went out one Ei'ening purpofely to hunt •, when they were in the {})ots of Savannahs, they leparated to find their Game, and at laftit fo happened, that one of them fired at a Deer and killed it, and while he was skin- ning it, he was (hot ftark dead by one of his Con- forts, who fired at him, miftaking him for a Deer. The poor Man was very forry for lb fad a mifchance^ and for fear of the dead Man's Friends, durft never go back again to Jamaica. The River o^Tobafco is the mofi: noted in all the Bay of Campeachy^ and Iprings alfo from the high Mountains oiChia^o-^ but much more to the Weft- ward than that of^5r. Feter St, PauL From thence it runs N.E. till within 4 Leagues of the Sea, where it receives the fore-mentioned Branch of St, Peter St. Paul^ and then runs North till it falls into the Sea. Its Mouth is about two Miles wide, and there is a Bar of Sand lying olF it, with not above 1 1 or 1 2 foot Water •, but a Mile or two within the Mouth, at a nook of bending of the River on the Ealf fide there is three Fathom, and good Riding, without any danger from the ftrength of the Cur- rent. The Tide tiows up about four Leagues in the dry Sealbn, but in the Rains not fb far ^ for then the Frefhes make the Ebb run very ftrong. During the Norths it over- flows all the low Laud for II the Manateh very fruitfnh 109 for 14 or 15 Leagues up the River,and you may then ^rt. 157^. take up frefh Water without the Bar. ThisRiwA-, near its Mouth, abounds with Cat- fifh, with fome Snooks-, and Manatee in great plen- ty •, there being good feeding for them in many of its Creeks, efpecially in one place on the Starbord fide about 2 Leagues from the Sea, which runs in- to the Land a or 300 paces, and then opens very- wide, and is lb /hoal that you may fee their backs above Water as they feed ^ a thing ib rare, that I have heard our Miisketo-7?wn fay, they never ftw it any where elle: On the leafl: noiie they will all Icamper out into the River : yet the Musketoynen feldom mils of ftriking them. Thele are a fort of Frelh-water Manatee^ ^ not altogether ^o big as the Sea kind, but otherwile exa£Uy alike in Ihape and taft, and I think rather fatter. The Land by the Rivers, efpecially on tne Starbord fide, is fwampy, and over-grown with Trees. Here are alio abundance of Land-Turtle, the larg- eft that I ever faw, till I came to the Gal/apagos Iflands in the S. Seas •, viz. Mangrove s^Macavos^ and other forts that I know not. In fome places near the River lide, further up the Country, are Ridges of dry Land, full of lofty Cabbage aad Cotton Trets, which make a very ptealant Landskip. There is no Settlem**nt within 8 Leagues of the River's Moudi, and then you come to a irndll Breaft-work, where there is commonly a Spaniard with 8 or p Indians ported on each fide the River, to watch for Boats coming that way : And becauie there are divers Creeks running in from the Savannahs^fome of thele Sertinels are lb placed in the Woods, that they may look into the Savannahs •, for fear of being furpi'ized on the back lide • Yet for all their caution, thele Sentinels we3:e fiiap'd by Captain Nevi/^ Comnmander of a Imall Brigantine^ in a lecond Expedition that he made to take the Town called XilladeMofe. His firft # no Aft' 1616. Villa de MofeJ firfl: Attempt mifcarried by his being difcovered. But the iecoiid time he got into a Creek, a League below thefe Sentinels, and there dragging his Canoas o\ ct fome Trees that were laid crols it, purpofely to hin- der his paflage, he came in the night upon thcli backs in their leveral Poits •, ^0 that the Town, h;i. ving no notice of his coming by their iiring as thcv Ihould have done, was taken without any refiilancu Villa de Mojb is a linall Town Handing on the Starbord fide of the River, four Leagues beyond this Breaft-work. Tis inhabited chiefly by Indians^ witli Ibme Spiin'hirds : there is a Church in the middle, and a Fort at the Welt end, which connmands the River. Thus tar Ships come to bring goods, eljx^- cially European Commodities ^ viz. Broad-cloth, Serges, Perpetuana's, Kerlics, Thred- Stockings, Hats, Ozenbrigs, white and blew, Ghentins, Platilloes,Bii- tannias, HoUandilloes, Iron-work, &c. They arrive here in ISiovembtr or Deccwbe/^ and flay till Jme oiJidy\ felling their Commodities-, and then load chiefly with Cacai\ and fome ^ Sylveftcr. AW tlie Merchants and petty Traders of the Country Towns come hither about Chnjhvas to Traffick, wjiich makes this Town the chiefcit in all thele parts. Caw- peachy excepted •, yet there are but few Rich Men that live here. Sometimes Ships that come hither load Hides and Tallow, if they cannot fraight with Cacao. But the chieteit place for Hides is a Town lying on a Branch ot this River, that com.es out a League below the Breaif-work, where Spanijh Barks uliially lade once a year •, but I can give no furtlitr account of it. Four Leagues beyond VUla de Mojc, further up the River, lies Eftapo^ inhabited partly with Spaniards^ but molt Induins^ as generally the Towns in this Country are : if s laid to be pretty rich ^ Hands dole by the River, on the South iide, and is 16 built between two Creeks, that there is but one Avenue leading to it •, and lo well guarded with , Hats, Captain HewetV Attempt. 1 1 1 with a Breaft-work, that Capta'in Ikwet a Privateer, .rf/;. 1^7^. ivho had under him near 200 Men, was there re-'^'^^VN; pulfed, loling many ot them, and himfelf wounded in the Leg. In his way thither he took Villa dc Moft\ and left a Party ther<- to feciire his Retreat. If he had taken Kftapo^ he defigned to ])als on to ILilpo^ a Rich Town, three Leagues farther up the River,' and from thence to vilit 'i\icdtal[io^ lying 3 or 4 Leagues beyond, vihich is accounted the wealthieft of the three: the Spaniards call itTucatalpo dc Si- erra : whether to diilinguilh it from another Town of that name, or to denote its nearnefs to the Moun- tains, I know not. 'Tis the beft Town on this River, having three Churches, and feveral Rich Merchants-, and between it and Villa dc Moje are many large Cacao Walks on each hde the River. I have leen a lort of white Cacao brought from hence, which I never met with any where elfe. It is of the fame bignels and colour on the outfide, and with liich a thin husky Coat as the other ^ but the inner liibff ance is white, like fine flower •, and when the outward Coat is broken, it crumbles as a lump of Flower doth. Thole that frequent the Bay call it Spmia^ and affirm that it is much ulcd by the Spa- niards of thole parts, to make tlieh Chocolate froth, who therefore let a great value on it. But I never yet met with any in England that knew it,excent the Right Honourable the Earl of Carbcry^ who uas pleafed to tell me he had feen of it. The Land on the South lide of the River is low Savannahs or Paflure : The hde where the Town of Villa dc Mofc Hands, is a lort of grey iandy Earth -, ard the whole Country, the Up land I mean, leems to be much the lame : But the Low -land is of a black deep Mould, and in Ibme places very lirorg Clay •, and there is not a Stone to be round i'l ail the Coun- try. The healthy dry Land is \ cry Woody, exccrt where inhabited or planted. It is pretty thick fettled with M % IIX Small Bee}. An* 1616, with Indian Towns, who have all a Padre or two VOrv among them, and a Cacique or Governour to keep the Peace. The Qwao Tree thrives here very well • but the Nats are fmaller than the CaraccusNuts\ yet Oyly and Fat whilft New. They are not plant- ed near th« Se.-!, as they are on the Coaft of Qiraccus^ but at leaft ^ or 10 Miles up in the Country. The Cacao-walks belong chicHy to the Spaniards ^ and are only planted and drels'd by Indians, hixed for that purpoie ^ yet the Indians have of their own. Plantain-walks , Plantations of Maiz, and fome imall Cacao-walks : about which they Ipend the chiefeft of their time. Some Employ themfelves to leaich in the Woods for Bees that build in hol- low Trees: and get a good livelihood by their Honey and Wax. Thele are of two forts: One pretty large ^ the other no bigger, but longer, than an or- dinary black Fly; in other relpefts, Juft like our common Bees ^ only of a darker colour. Their Stings are not ftrong enough to enter a Man's Skin ^ but if difturbed, they will fiy atone as furioufly as the great Bees^ and will tickle, but cannot hurt you. Their Honey is white and clear •, and they make a great deal of it. The Indians keep of them tame, and cut hollow Trunks for them to make their Combs in. They place one end of tke Log (which is law'd very even) on a Board, leaving a hole for the Bees to creep in at : and the upper end is covered with a Board put clofe over it. The young and lully Indians (fuch as want Em^ ploymentj hire themfelves to the Spaniards. They Work cheap, a*^! are commonly paid in fuch Goods as the Spaniards do not value. And I have been told, that they are obliged to Work for their Ma- fters, one day in a Week, gratis ; But whether this Priyiledge belongs only to the Fadres^ or to the Laity alfo, I know not. The Indians inhabiting thefe Villages, live like Gentlemen in Comparifon of Indian Drink,. n J of thole that are near any great Town, iiich as 'An. 1575. Campi'dchy or Meridd : for there even the Poorer and ^•^^V^'w Ralcally iort of People, that are not able ro hire one of thefe poor Creatures, will by viulencc drag them to do their Dru(!n,ery ror nothing, arter rliey have work'd ail day lor tlieir Mat;L.rb ; liiiy, they when take them out of the Myket from their Buiinefs^ or at lealt enjoyn theTii to come to their Houles when theb: Market is ended : and they dure not refufe to do it. This Country is very frnitPtil •, yield in£^ plentiful Crops of Maiz *, which is their chieiett SuLhll- ence. After it is boiPd they kuife it on liich a lUilv bing-flone as Chocolate is grownd on. Some of it tiiey make into finall thin Cakes, called Tarnf/cr?. The reft they put into a Jar till it grov^ s Ibwr ^ and when they are thirlty, mix ahandtul ot' it in a Cal- labafli of Water, which gives it a iharp plea (ant tafte, then ftreining it through a large Callabafh prick'd tiill of Imall Holes to keep our the Husks, they drink it oft! If they treat a friend with this Drink, they mix a little Honey with it ;, tor their Ability reaches no higher : And this is as accepta- ble to them as a Glais of Wine tons. If they travel for two or three Days fi-om Ho'Tic, they carry fome of this Grown'd Mair. in a Plantain LeatJ and a Callabafti at their Girdles to make their drink, and take no farther care for Vichials, till tliey come Home again. This is called Pojo/t: : And by the Englifh Pnorjhu/. It is 16 much eltecmed by the Indians, thit they are ne\ er without fome of it in their Houles. Another way of Preparing rhviir Drink, is to parch the Maiz, and then grind it to Powder on the Rubbing-ilone, putting a little Andttd to it :, which grows in their Plantations ^ and is ulLd by them for no other purpoie. They mix it all H h ' with , I j^ Indian Garment s. Marriages^ An. }6:6 with Water, and prefenily drink it ofF without ^^^V^J Oraining, In loHi^ Journeys they prefer this Drink before Foible. They feed ahnndancj ofTinkies, Ducks aiid Dung, hill Fowls, of which the Padre has an exad Ac- count •, and is very ttri£l in gathering his Tithe: and they dare not kill any except they have his Leave tor it. They plant Cotton alfo for their Cloathlng. The Men wear only a fhort Jacket and Breeches. Thele with a Palmeto Leaf Hat is their Sundiiys Drefs^ ibr they have neither Stockings nor Shoes ^ nei- ther do they wear thefe Jackets on Week Days. The Women have a Cotton-Peticoat , and a large Frock down to their Knees : the Sleeves to their Wrilts, but not gathered. The Bofom is open to the Brealf, and Imbroidered with black or red Silk, or Grogram Yarn, two Inches broad on each fide the Ijreaif, and clear round the Neck. In this Garb, with their Hair ty'd up in a Knot behind, they think themfelvesextream fine. The Men are obliged by the Padres (as I have been infbrm'd) to Marry when they are Fourteen Years old, and the Women when Twelve : And if at that Age they are not provided, the Prieff will chule a Virgin for the Man (or a Man for the Vir- gin) of equal Birth and Fortune •, and joyn them together. The Spaniards give feveral Reafbns for this Im- pofition, Viz. That it prelerves them from De- bauchery, and makes them Induilrious.—— That it brings them to pay Taxes, bpth to the King and Church ^ fbr as foon as they are Married they pay to both. ■■■ And that it keeps them from ram- \Am\ cut of their own Parifh , and fettling in another, which would by fo much lefftn the Pa drci iiy Churches and Houfes. dres Profit. They love each other very well •, and An. \-j-6 live comfortably by the Ivvcat of their Brows. <«^'\-'^n« They build good large Houles, and inhabit al-- together in Towns. The fide Walls are Mud or Watling, plaifler'd on the inf ide •, and thatth'd with Palm or Palmeto Leaves. The Churches are large, built much higher than the Common Houfes, and covered with Pantile: and within adorned with Coarle Pictures an I- mages of Saints ^ which are all painted tauny '- k.^" a middld Cze •, Ifreight and clean Limb'd. The Men more fpare, the Women plump and fat , their F.ites are round and iiat , their foreheads low , their ^\'es little, their Noles of a middle (ize, lornevvhat ilattifh: f iill Lips^ pretty full but little Mouths: white Teeth, and their Colour of a dark tauny, like other Indians. They fleep in Hammacks made with Imall Cords like a Net, laitned at each end lo ci Poll, Their Furniture is but mean, Viz. Earthen Pots to boil their Maiz in, and abundance of C^allabaflics. They are a very harmlefs fort of People •, kind to H h 2 any fi 1 1 5 Spaniards tyranny over the Indians. An.1676, any Strangers ^ and even to the Spaniards, by whom V-or>J they arc io much kept under, that they^ are worfe than Slaves : nay, the very Negroes will domineer over them ^ and are countenanced to do fb by the Spaniards. This makes them very mehnchoUv and thoughtful : however they are very quiet, and leem .contented with their Condition, if they can tolerably lubfifl: : But fometimes when they are impofed on beyond their Ability , thejr will march oiF whole Towns, Men, Women jnd Children together, as Is before related. \ OHAP. "7 CHAP. VI. the River of Checapeque: The River of Dos Boccas. The town up the Country. Halpo. Jheir trade. Old Hats , a good Commodity. A fad Accident in Hunting, Tondelo River, Musk§tos troublefom onthisCoaji.GuaSkkvjdXi^ River. Teguantapeque River. Few Gold Mines on all this fart of the Sea-Coafl, Teguantapeque town, Keyhooca and its Ca- cao-trade. Vinellos. Alvarado River 5 and its Branches* Its forty town and trade. Cod Pepper. La Vera Cruz, the Fort of St. John dlllloa.' the Barra la Venta fleet 5 and their Navigation about the Weft India Coaji, the town of Tifpo. Vexivk River and Town, Lagune arid town of Tompeque. Huniago Ifland. Its trade in Shrimps, the Authors return to Logwood-Cutting at Trift. Captain Gibbs kiUa there by Jome Indians he brought from New-England, the Authors fetting out to Jamaica and return for Eng- land. I )i i;>' HAving given die Reader an Account of the Indians inhabiting about thelliver ofTobafco ^ I come next to defcribe the Weftern Coaft of this Bay, with its Rivers and otlier moft re- markable Particulars. From Tobjfco River to the H h 3 River ^ ii8 Checapeque River. '^t. i6y6. Ivivcr Checiipcquc is 7 Leagues. The Coaft lies Kafl t'^W^ aiid Well j all woody low Ground, iaudy Bay- and ^^pod Anthcring •, but there ialls in a pretty hi[^,h Sea on the Ihore, theretore but bad Landing- yet C^anoas may with care run in, it' the Men arc ready to leap out, as ibon as (he touches the Ground-, and tiien (he mult immediately be drag'd up out ot the Surt. And the lame caution and dcx tcrjty is to be uled when they go oft' again. There is no tielh Water between 'lohdjLo Iviver and Chfcjpnjiic. I'his latttr is rather a ialt Creek than a iviver :, iov the Mouth of it is not above 20 Paces wide, and about b or 5? Foot Water on the Bar ; but within there is 12 or 13 toot at low W^ater, and good Kiding ibr Barks, half a Mile within the Mouth. This Creek runs in E. S. L. about two Miles, and then llrikes away South up into the Country. At its Mouth between it and the Sea is a bare Tandy Point of Land. Where, on tiie iide next the River, clofc by the Brink of it (and no where elle) you may Icrape up the Sand (which is courle and brown) with your Hands, and getfre(h Water ^ but if you dig lower the \A'ater will be fait. Haifa Mile within the Mouth, when you are paft the fandy Point, the Land is wet and Iwampy, bearing only Mangroves on each fide ibr 4 or 5 Leagues up ^ and after thai firm Land : where you will find a Run of frefh Wa- ter, it being all Ialt till you come thither. i\ League beyond this is a Beef Eftantion or .Farmoi Cattle, belonging to an Indian Village. In the Woods on each fide this River there are plenty of Guanoes, Land-Turtle, and abundance of Quams and Correfos, with fbme Parrots^ and there is no Settlement nearer than the Beet" Eflantion : nor any thing elie it markable in this River that I know. A League Weft from Checapeqiic there is another imall River called Dos Boccas^ 'tis only fit for Ca- jioa Indian Carriers, 1 1 9 noas to enter : li lus a Bar at its Mouth, aiul there- -^/j. 1676. lure is ioinewliat dangerous. Vet the I'rivareeis ^*^^'^^ nuke lii^ht ot" it^ tor tliey uill govern a C.^nioa \cry ingeniuully. However Capuin K/ivt aud (lap- uill Ht'wc'i^ two Pri\ateers, lolt leveral Men hcic incoming out •, tur there hid heen a North, wiiiih h.id railed the Bar, and in going uui molt ol* their Ciiiuaswere o\er-let, and Ibme Nlen drowned. Tliis River will not lioat a C';inoa above a League within its Mouth, and lb far i^ fait : hat ihcre you meet with a tine clear Stream ot" lielfi Water, about a League up in the Country : and l;c- yoiid this are lair Savannahs of long Grafs, fenced ill with Ridges of as rich Land as any in the Woild. The Mold Inch as is Ibrmeiiy deicribed-, all plain and level, even to the Hills of Chiapo. There are no Indian Towns within 4 or 5 Leagues of the Sea \ but further olf ihey are pretty thick •, lying within a League, 2 or 3 one ot" an<^thjr : Ihilpo is the chiefelt. The Indians make ufe of no more Land than lerves to maintain their Families in Maiz •, and to pay their Taxes: Andthereibre between the Towns it lies uncultivated. In all this Country they rear abundance of Poal- rry, Viz. Turkies, Ducks and Dunghil Fowls : bur lome of them have Cacao -Walks. The Cacao of thefe Parts is molt of it lent to Villa dc ]\IoJ'l\ and Ihip'd off there. Some of it is Ibid to Carriers that travail with Mules, coming hither commonly in AW. or Dtr. and flaying till Ycbr. or Mjrck They lye a Fortnight at a time in a Village to difpofe of their Goods ^ which are commonly Hatchets , Ma- cheats, Axes, Hoes, Knives, Cizars, Needles, Thread, Silk for fowing, Womens Frocks ^ ilnall Looking- glafles, Beads, Silver or Copper Rings wafh'd with Gold, fet with Glafs inftead of Stones, fmall Pi- ctures of Saints, and fuch like Toys fbr the Indiana : H h 4 And I 1 20 St Anns. Tondelo. /n. 1675. And for the Spaniards, Linnen and Woollen Cloaths, ^-^^V^*>k) Silks, Stockings, and old Hats new drels'd, which arc here very valuable, and worn by thofe ot the belt Quality ^ ih that an old Englilh Beaver thus ordered, would be worth 20 DoUais •, lo much is Trade wanted here in this Country. When he has iWd off his Goods, he is generally paid in Cacao, Vvhiik he carries to La Vcrj Cruz. irom l\)s Boccas to theKiver Pj/;;A/y is 4 Leagues, low Land and Tandy Bay between. from Piihnus to the iialuvcr is 2 Leagues. lli'j iLilovcr is a Imall Neck of Land , parting the Sta from a large Lagune. It is fo call'd by the Privj :ers, bccauie tliey ule to drag their Ca- nons in ujid our there. I rom the tidover to St. Anns is 6 Leagues. St. Anns is a Mouth that opens the Lagune be- f^r* -mentioned: there is not above (5 or 7 Foot Water, yet Bark" often go in there to Careen. From St. Anns to 'Tondeio is 5 Leagues. The CoafI: jlill Weft: the Land low, and land v Bay agai nil the Sea : a little within wliich are pretty high Sand- Baiiks, cloa filed with prickly Buihes, liich as! hdve already delcribed at Beejljland, Againlc the Sea near the Weft end, within tiie Sand Bank, the Land is lower again •, the AVoods not very high, and Ibme fpots of Savannahs, with plenty of fat Bullocks •, In Hunting of which a frenchman unhappily loft his Life. For his Com- pany Ldng ftragled from him to find Game, he unluckily met a l)rove of Cattle flying from them in the Woods, which were fo thick that there was no palling but in thefe very narrow Paths that the Cattle themlelves had made ^ ^o that not being able to ge. out of their way ^ the foremoit of the Drove thruft his Horns into his Back and carried him a 100 Paces into the Savannah^ where he fell down with his Guts trailing on the Ground. The Guafickwalp. rai The River Tondclcc is but narrow, yet capable to An, 1676. receive Barks of 50 or 60 Tuns : there is a Bar at the Entrance, and the Channel crooked. On the \\ ctl fide of the Bar there is a fpit of Sand flioots ont^ therefore to avoid it at your coming in, you niiilt keep the Eaft lide aboard^ but when once en- tree!, you may run up for two or three Leagues^ on the i-all iide a quarter oi a Mile within the Mouth, you may lie lecure : but all this Coaft, andefpeci- ally this River, intolerably lu^arms with Mm^etoes^ that there is no lleeping for them. About 4 or 5 Leagues from the Mouth this River is fbrdable, and there the Road croiles it •, whae two French Canoas that lay in this River intercepted the Caravan of Mules laden with Cacao, that was returning to La Vera Criiz-^ taking away as much as they could carry with them. From 'Tondiicc River, to the River of •G//^//fr/^a\7i^, is 8 Leagues more, the Coaft ftill Weft *, all along fandy Bay and land-Hills, as between St, Anns and Tondclcc-^ only towards the Weft part the Bank is lower, and the Trees higher. This is one of the Principal Rivers of this Coaft : 'tis not half the breadth of the Tohdjco River^ but deeper. Its Bar is lels dangerous than any on this Coaft, having 14 foot Water on it, and but little Sea. Within the- Bar there is much more, and foft Oafie ground. The Banks on both fides are low. The Eaft fide is woody, and the Weft fide Savannah. Here arc fome Catde ^ but fince it has been frequented by Priva- teers, the Spaniards have driven moft of their Bul- locks fiom hence farther into the Country. This Ri- ver hath its rile near the South Sea, and is Navigable a great way into Land ^ efpecially with Boats or Ihaall Barks. The Ri\ er Tegitantapeque^xh.dX falls into the South Seas, hath its Origine near the Head o^GuaJickvoalp •, and it is reported that the firft Naval Stores for the Manila ! f 1 2 2 Keyhooca. An, 1676, Mam/a Ships wcxQ iQnt through the Country from Vi^^VSJ the North to the South Seas, by the conveniency of theip two Rivers, whole Heads are not above 10 or 12 Leagues afunder. I heard this dilcourfed by the Privateers long before I vifited the South Seas ^ and they feemed lometimes minded to try their t brtunes this way : fuppofing ( as many do Itill) that the South Sea fhore is nothing but Gold and Silver. But how grolly they are miftaken, 1 have fatisfied the World already. And for this part of the Country, though it is rich in Land, yet it has not the leafl: appearance of any Mine, neither is it thick inhabited with Spaniards : And if I am not deceived, the very Indians in the heart of the Country, are Icarce their Friends. The Town of note on the S.Sea,is Teguantapeque ^ and on theN. Seas Keyhooca is the chiefeft near this River. Befides thefe two, the Country is only in- habited by Indians ^ therefore it is wholly unfre- quented by Shipping. Keyhooca is a large rich Town of good Trade , about 4 Leagues from the River Guafickwalp^ on the Well fide. It is inhabited with Ibme few Spa- mards and abundance of Mulatoes. Thele keep many Mules, they being i-ftoft Carriers, and fre- quently viht the Cacao Coafi for Nuts ^ and travel the Country between Villa de JSlofe and Ilu Vera Cruz, This Country is pleafant enough in the dry Seafon ^ but when the furious North Winds rage on the Coaft, and violently drive in the Sea, it fuffers ex- treamly, being fo much overflown , that there is no travelling. It was in the wet Sealbn when Capt. Rives and Capt. Henjct made an Expedition in Ca- noas from the Ifland Trift to the River Guajickwalp^ and there Landed their Men, defigaing to attack Keyhooca •, but the Country was io wet that there vrk no Marching ^ neither was the Water high ^ enough from AIvaradoR/W. 12 j enough for a Canoa. Hwe are great plenty of ^„. ,5^5^ Vincllos. '%*^'VVJ From the River Guajickwalp the Land runs Weft 2 or 3 Leagues, all low Land withlandy Bay to the Sea, and very woody in the Country. About three Leagues to the Weft of it the Land trends away to the North for about 1 6 Leagues ^ rifing higher alio even from the very lhore,as you go up within Land ^ making a very high Promontory called St. Martins Land ^ but ending in a pretty bluff Point ^ which is the Weil: Bounds of the Bay of Campcachy. From this blunt Point to Alvarado is about 20 Leagues •, the firft four of it a high rocky fhore, with fteep Cliffs to the Sea •, and the Land ^oinz- what woody. Afterwards you pals by very high Sand-hills by the Sea •, and an extraordinary great Sea tails in on the fhore, which hinders any Boats from Landing. Within the Sand-hills again the Land is lower, pretty plain and fruitf lil enough in large Trees, The River of Alvarado is above a Mile over at the Mouth, yet die entrance is but (hole, there be- ing Sands for near two Mile off the Ihore, clear from fide to fide, ncverthelefs there are two Chan- nels through thele Sands. The belf, which is in the middle, has 12 or 14 Foot Water. The Land on each lide of the Mouth is high Sandbanks^ above 200 Foot high. This River comes out of the Country in three Branches, meeting altogether juft within the Mouth, where it is very wide and deep. One of theie Branches comes fiom the Eaftward:Another from the Weltward. .And the third, which is the true River of Alvarado and the biggeif, comes direQly out of the Country, oppofite to the Sandhills, about a Mile Welf of the Rivers Mouth. This laff fprings a great way from the Sea, paiTing through a very fertile Country, thick fettled with Towns of Spa^ mards \ i if I 1 24 Alvarado River and Coaft: An. 1677. niards and Indtam, On the Weff fide j and jufl: againft f"^^^^^^ the Mouth of the River, the SpaniardshzvQ di^msill Fort of 6 Guns, on the declivity of the Scindbank^ a great heighth above the River ^ which commands a fmall Spanifl? Town on the Back of it, built in a Plain dole by the River. It is a great Fifhery, chiefly for Snooks, which they catch in the Lake j* and wlien they are faked and dryed, drive a great Trade in Exchanging them lor Salt and otlier Com- modities. Belides fait Filh, they export from hence abundance oi' dry Cod-Pepper, and forae pickled and put in Jars. This Pepper is known by tlie Name of Guinea Pepper. Yet for all this Trade, 'tis but a poor Place, and yet has been often taken by the Privateers , chieHy to lecure their Ships while they fliould go up in their Canoas to the rich lowns within Land, which notwithll:anding they never yet attempted, by reafbn that La Vera Cruz bordering io near, they were ilill afraid of being attacqued both by Sea and La/id from thence, and fo never durft profecute their defigns on the Coun- try Towns. S/x Leagues Weft from Alvarado there Is another large Opening out into the Sea -, and it is reported to have a Communication by a fmall Creek with this River ot' Alvarado •, and that Canoas may pals through it fiom one River to the other. And at this Opening is a firiall Fifliin^ Village. The Land by the Sea is a continued high Sand-bank^ and fi> vio- lent a Sea^ that it is impoflible to Land with Boat or Canoa. From this River to La Vera Cruz is 6 Leagues more, the Coalr ftill Weft. There is a RifF of Rocks runs along the fhore from Alvarado to Vera Cruz^ yet a good Channel for irnall VefTels to pafs be- tween it and the (hore. And about two Leagues to the Eaft of Vera Cruz are two Iftands called Sa- crifice IJlands, I have fet down the diftance between Alvarado La Vera Cruz. y2y 'Jilvarado and La Vera Cruz^ according to the Com AnM-n, rnon Account of 1 2 Leagues, which I take to be tiuer, but our Draughts make it 24. The Land by the Sea is much the lame. ha Vera Cruz is a fair Town leated in the very- bottom of the Bay of Mexico^ at the 5. W. Point or Corner of the Bay •, for fo tar the Land runs Weft i and there it turns about to the North. There is a good Harbour before it, made by a Imall liland, or Rock rather, jult in its Mouth ^ which makes it very Commo'^dious. Here the Spaniards have built a ftrong Fort, which commands the Harbour ^ and there are great Iron Rings fix'd in the Fort Wall againftthe Harbour for Ships to fallen their Ca- bles. For the North Winds blow 15 violently here in their Seafom that Ships are not lafe at An chors. This Fort is Q.dSk.^St.Johnd^Ullou'^ a.id the 5/^ niards do frequently call the Town of Va\i Cruz by this Name. The I'own is a Place of great Trade •, being the Sea-Fort to the City of Mexico , and molt of the great Towns and (Jities in this Kingdom. So that all the European Commodities, Ipent in thefe Parts, are Landed here, and their Goods brought hither pd Exported from hence. Add to this, that all tiie Treallire brought from Manila^ in the Eajl Indies comes hither through the Country from yi^- capulca. The Ylota comes hither every three Years from Old Spain ^ and befides Goods of the Produ£f of the Country ^ and what is brought from the Eaft Indies and Ihip'd aboard them : The King's Plate that is gathered in this Kingdom •, together witli what belongs to the Merchants, amounts to a valt Summ, Here alio comes every Year x\i^Barra lavcnta licet in Otlober or November^ and llays till Marck Tfeis is a firiall S^^uadron^ COnliiling of 6 or i ?' > J ii6 'An.iSfS* Barralaventa fleet. or 7 Sail of ftout Ships, from 20 to $0 Guns. Thef.: are ordered to vifit all the Spanifb Sea-Fort Towns once every Year ^ chiefly to hinder Foreigners from Trading •, and to fupprels Privateers. From this Port they gc to the Havana on the North fide of Cuba to fell their Commodities. ■ ■ From hence they pals through the Gulph of lionJa -, ftanding fo far to the North as to be out of the Trade- Winds^which are commonly between 30 d* and 40 d. of Lat. and being in a variable Winds-way they ftretch away to the Eaftwards till they may fetch Fortarica^ if they have Bufinefs there •, if not, they keep Hill to the Eaftward till they QomQ^oTrinidiulo^ an Ifland near the Main, inhabited by the Spaniards^ and the molt Eaftern part of any Conlequence in the North Seas!X\\Q Barralaventa Fleet touches there firll, and from thence fails to thsMargarita^z confiderable Spanjl) Ijlmd near the Main.. From thence they Coalt down to Qcmana and l.a Gu'iary^ and pafTing by thd Coait of Carraccm , they fail towards the Gulph of Merica'ui'^ from thence they double Cape La Veh\ and fo down to Rio La Hacha^ St. Mart ha and Carthage mi. If they meet with any Englifh or Dutch Trading-Hoops, they chafe and take them, if they are not too nimble for them : the Privateers keep out of" their way, having always Intelligence where they are. From Carthage na they fail XoFortohelo •, and from thence to Caynp^tachy. and laflly, to La Vera Criiz-^ And this is- their Annual Navigation about the Wejl Indian Coaii La Vera Cruz was taken by the Privateets, about the Year 85. under theconduftof ontjohn Rujjcl^ an old Logwood-Cutter that had formerly been taken by the Spaniards and fent to Mexico ^ where learning Spanijh^ heby that means efcaped to L.i Vera Cruz -^ and being releaied from thence, heai- terwards managed this Expedition. From Tifpo, Panuk. 127 From kence to Old Vera Cruz is 5 Leagues. This An, \6-j-j was the firft Town of that Name ^ but w/^nting a v^v^w. good Harbour there, it was remo\xd to the place where it now rtands. YxomOIdVcra Cruz to Tifpo is about 15 Leagues-, the Coall: lies N. and S. Tijpo is a pretty handfom im:ill Town, built clole by the ^6^/, and watered with a little Rivulet •, but wanting a Harbour, 'tis delHtute of any Maritime-Trade. From Tifpo to the River Fariu/c is about 20 Leagues^ TheCoaft lies N. and S. neareft-, 'tis a large River delcending out of the very Bowels of the Country, and running Fall:, falls into the Gulph of yllf.v/Vr', m Lat. about 2 1 — 50 m. It has 10 or 11 Foot Water on the Bar, and is often vifited with Barks that Ml up it, as far as the City Famik-^ lying dilbint from the Sea about 20 Leagues •, and is the princi- pal of this Country, being a Biihops See, There are two Churches, one Convent and a Chapel • and about 500 Families of Spaniards^ Alulutoes and Indians. The Houies are large and Ibong'-, with 5tone Walls •, and they are thatched with Falmeto Leaves. One Branch of this River comes out of the La- gune of 'Yompeque^ and mixes with this, three Leagues before it falls into the Se^. Therefore 'tis fometimes called the Ri\'er of Tompeque. The La- gune of Tompeque lies on the Soicth fide of tlje Ri- ver j and breeds abundance of Fiih , elpecially Shrimps, There is a Town of the fame Name, built on its Banks, whole Inhabitants are nioit fi- fhermen. Beyond this Lagune there is another large one , wherein is an Ifland and Town , named Hdniago • its Inhabitants mofl: Fifhermen, whole chief employment is to take Shriwjn. Thele they boil with VVater and 6alr, in great Coppers for the purpofe-, and having dryed them aii:er- wards in xh^Sun ^ they are made up in Pack.^ and fent .1. H h'.^ 4- |f,>l:' iiS Alvarad? Towm An. i6^6, fent to all the chief Towns in the Country, efpcci- *--^^^^*ally to Mexico^ where ^ tho' but a hungry Ibrt of Food, they are mightily efteemed. The Account I ha\'c gi\'en of the Campeachy Rivers, ^J'V. was the refult of the particular ObltT vations I made in cruiing about that Coi[\ , in which 1 (pent ii or 12 Months. For when the vio lent Stonn^ before -mentioned took us, I was but juft fettling to Work, and not having a ftock of Wood to purchale fuch Frovifion as was fent from Jamaica^ 2.^ x\{Q o\Ci Standards h.i(\'^ I with maiiy more in my circumflances, was forced to range about to leek a fubiiitance in Company of Ibniv; Privateers then in the Bay. In which rambles wc \iii- tedall the Rivers, fvomTnJi to Aharado-^ and made many Deicents into the Country among the Villages there, where we got Indian Corn to eat with the Beef, and other Flefh that we got by the way, or Manatee and Turtle, which was alio a great fupport to us. Alvarado was the VVeflermofi place I was at. Thither we went in two Barks with 30 Men in each, and had 10 or 11 Men kilfd and delpcrately wound- ed in taking the Fort^ being four or five Hours en- gaged in that iS^ry/V^, in which time the Inhabitants having plenty of Boats and Canoas, carried all their Riches and beft Moveables away. It was afkr Sun-Jet before the Fort yielded •, and growuig dark, we could not purliie them, but relied quietly that Nighty the next Day we kill'd, lalted and lent aboard 20 or 30 Beefs, and a good quantity of falt-fifh, and Indian Corn, as much as we could itc.'w away. Here were but few Hogs, and thole eat very filhy ^ therefore we did not much ci letm them : but of Cocks, Hens and Ducks were lent aboard in abun- dance. The tame Parrots ive f bund here w^ere the largeft and fairell Birds of therr kifid that I ever law in the We^ Indies. Their colour was yellov/ and Fwe Parrots. A Sea Ftght. and tcd>, very courfly mixt ^ and they would prate very prettily ^ and there was fcarceu'Man but what lent aboard one or two of them. So that with Pro- vifion , Chells , ^ Hencoops and Parrot Cages, our Ships were fiill of Lumber, with which we intended to fail : but the lecond day after we took the Fort, having had a Wefterly Wind all the Morning, witii Kain, 7 Armadilloes that were fent from La Vera Cruz appeared in fight, within a Mile of the Bar?, coming in with full fail -^ but they could fcarce lleni the Current of the River ^ which was very welB for us : for we were not a little furprized. Vet wa got under fat!, in order to meet them •, and clear- ing our Decks by heaving all the Lumber oveif board, we drove out over the Bar , before they reach'd it : but they being to Wind-ward, forced usr to exchange a few mot with them. Their Admiral- was called the Toro. She had 10 Guns and 100 Men ; another had 4 Guns and 80 Men : the reil: having no great Guns, had only 60 or 70 Men a piece, armed with Muskets, and the VefTels barricadoci, round with Bull-hides Brealf high. We had not: above so Men in both Ships^ 6 Guns in one and two in the other. Aflbon as we were over the Bar, wa got our Larboard-Tacks aboard and ftood to tha Eaftward, as nigh the Wind as we could lye. Tha Spaniards came away quartering on us ^ and out Ship being the Head-mo(t, the Toro came dire^lly to-* ivards us, defigning to Board us. We kept firing at iier, in hopes to have lamed either Maft or Yard 5 but failing, juft as Ihe was (hearing aboard, wa gave her a good Volley, and prelently clap'd thes flelm a Weather, wore our Ship, and got our Star-' board Tacks aboard, and flood to the Weftward % and fo left the Toro^ but were filuted by all tha fmall Ctraft as w^e pad by them, who ftood to the Eaftward, after the Toro^ that was now in puifuit and clofc by cur Confort. We Ibod to the Weihvard li tiU 129 j! M '■ii ■ I JO Munjack a fort of Pitch. till we were againft the Rivers Mouth ^ then wt tackt and by the help ot tlie Current that came out of the River, we were neer a mile to Wind-ward of them all: then we made Sail to aiTilt our Conibrt who was hard put to it-, but on our approach the X ro edged away toward the f hore, as did all the reU, and ftood away for Aharadox^ and we, glad of the Deliverance, went away to the Eaftward, and vilited all the Rivers in our return again toT/v/?; And flarchcd the Bays for Munjack to carry with us for the Ships ule, as we had done before lor the ufe bothof Ships and Canoa'.s. Mun)dck is a fort ot i^itch or Bitumen which we find in lumps, from three or four pounds to thirty pounds in a lump •, wafhed up by the Sea, and lett dry on all the Sandy-Bays on all this Coalt : It is in fublfance like Pitch, but Blacker ^ it melts by thw heat of the Sun, and runs abroad as Pitch would do if expolcd, as this is, on the the Baj^s : The fmellof it is not fopleafant as Pitch, neither does it ftick fo firmly as Pitch, but is apt to peel off from the Seams or Ships Bottom •, however we find it very uleful here where we want Pitch s and becaule it is commonly mixed with Sand by lying on the Bayes, we melt it and refine it very well before we ule it ^ and commonly temper it with Oyl or Tallow to correft it ^ for though it melts by the heat of the Sun, yet it is of a harfher nature than Pitch. I did never firid the like in any other part of the World, neither can I tell from whence it comes. And now the effeSs of the lateStorm being almoft forgot, the Lagune Men fettled again to their Im- ployments:, and I among the reft fell to Work in the Laft Lagune, where I remained till my Depar- ture for Jamaka. I will TJfe profit of the Logwood-'TraJe. I will only add as to mis Logwood-Trade in ge- neral, that I take it to be one of the molt prolitable to England^ and it neareft refembles that of \cz^' foundland'^ fince what ariles from both, is the pro- duct of bare Labour-, and that the Perfons imploy- ed herein are fupported by the produce ot' their Native Country. It is not my Bufinefs to determine how far we might have a right of cutting Wood thcre^ but tliib I can lay, that the Spamards never receive Icls Da- mage from the Perfons who geneially follow that Trade, than when they are imploycd upon that Work. While I was here the lafttime,Capt. Gibhs arriv'J in a Ship of about loo Tuns, and brought with him 20 flout 'New-England Indians that were taken in the Wars there, defigning to have luid them at Jamaica^ but not finding a good Marker, brought tiiem hither to cut Logwood, and hired one Mr. Richard Daw Ains to be their Overlecr^ who carried them to work at Summajenta : But it ^o happened that about a Week after, the Captain came thither in his Boat {lom One-BuJJhKiy wliere his Ship lay, and the Overfeer having Ibme Bulinefs, defired leave to be ablent for two or three days: But as foon as he and the Seamen were gone, the Indians taking their opportunity, killed the Capt. and marched oh-, defigning to return to their own Country by Land ; they were leen about a Month afl:erward, and 01,2 of them was taken near the River 'londclo. After I had fpent about ten or tw^elve Mcnths at the Logwood Trade, and was grown pretty well acquainted with the way of Traihck here ^ 1 led the Imployment, yet with a defign to return hither al- ter 1 had been in England-^ and accordingly went horn hence with Captain Chambers ot London^ bound to Jamaica, We iailed from Tr/Ji the be- 1 i 2 ginning Mf M if ml I'ji the Jutkrs ietutn to England. ' ginning of April i6-j%. and arrived at Jawmaxti Mo)\ where ircmained a Imall time, and then re« turned for England ^\\\\ Captain Loader o^ London, I arrived there the beginning of Augufl the fame Year^ and at the beginning of the following year, [ let out again for Jamaica^ in order to have gone thence to Campeachy ^ but it proved to be a Voyage round the World -^ of which the Publick has already had an Account, in my former Volume^ andthef/^y? Tart ojth/s. FINIS #* 1 Capt. |9amp(er HIS DISCOURSE OF THE Trade-Winds , Breezes, Storms, Seafons of the Year, Tides and Cur- rents of the T o R K I D Zone throughout the World. lis *fM In or near the Torrid^ Zone, An ! "^ A Scheme of the following Treatifc, rTritf, or General at Sca» a# 'f Trade- ^ winds, p. i.^ ^ (Conftant* 12 Coaflitti •cur rents. loo. An AccQimt of the (fountrey of ifatal. lot. !! Ii4 '■ ^ •W' ^k-fM^ratst^r^xiitoi^^ ■«**»*••• ■ * <» ' ^'«»«y''**"*^* " * "" "* ' ."" '**'' " " " " ' " *> "" -^* H I •»•«»'>' '■•••!l*»«J» « •§««*-? ?!»''«ir^V*< *tS»»«T J »*♦■• f .is he i ml . •■ ■i-fcSiu.,K«<«i«».» «uuk4.>».'> tir V -.J**-** -?|»«»*«IM i.*v' ^ ^ I i«,>«i'«MKd«*''W«t »«iM.a)a <*ii"< >« ' >' . «. wui.C9'««dlfe.'Vft«A6>- !'«»(!»'< ■=4 ; Tab I, \ \\0\ ?o 41 r. % ;jkiB»ar**f*e*"'''' ***• I It next Tab 1. r \ \'o\ \ n •//J. 4^ M' <<>^«M1 V rt'-mvymmtum ••- ■«»«mi«t«tm r»» vr > US )ft nd :he .it'4f amona th^ Xines shew tk^ Course ■■ ^RADE-Tl^incafj in the ^reair S O U T H O C X A.N iX^J*/acd It n^rtaa«.s»««'*»>aM«/ti<».«(»«Ht»«i H * M t< Mu«a««Ma ^ ''« ^»*. «-|T*:f' n Is i i ( / //^. /■ i«rrTr»/««» «»f»« i^ a IS k1 in Btn Is ll ii I'll lis oft .«(•%. *«(«» -t- •* .Att^vai i *" *t-. iw»» w»'S**»n . *->j- ,-». Aii^ , ».-«>.»M» !!«•»»»■•"»<«««'"»•'*<• «■»»■" ind the 'l'r»»iT»«VJ!, fi tWt^5»**'*?»'^' •"•"•♦ity lit? I ' •manli Tenticn "nomi Of the beH The] and ii Reafc Line h(me\ fhouL in th Oceai ISha Sub witl rem Trad( ftom on \\o\ » ?^ i, fmunJi tt)r,mJht :ention "ft ami Mr. Dampers Voyages, Vol. II. Part in. A Difcourfe of Winds, Breezes, Storms, Tides and Currents. C H A P. I. Of the Gem ml Trade Wind. The Inrroclu(5lion. Of the General Trade-Wind at Sea. Of the hell time of the Tear to crofs the Hquinodial. The Winds near the Line commonly uncertain^ and attended with Calms and tornadoes, A Reafon of the Winds hlowing South near the Line, in the Atlantick Sea. How Ships hwnevpard-bound from the Bite of Guinea^ fixmld crofs the Line. Of the Trade- Wind in the South Sea ; and in the Eaft Indian Ocean, I Shall reduce what I have to fay on this Subie£i:, to ibme general Heads j beginninei; with the Trade Winds, as being the moll remarkable. Trade-Winds are fuch as do blow conftantly ftom one Point or Quarter of the Compals, and A a a the "H Mi i i \\ Tab, I . 'ictr oftU GeneraJ CCoaftine TRADE-Wmt/i in the Al J Aarhadoj ^IJltJ of Note . i/i at tke A.rro\\rs in th^ void Spaces shcir the Course of the S]ax&a.Y\.z, ' ' Jhcw tlie TttntJ 1 Of the general trade-Wind. the Region of the World moft peculiar to them, is from about 30 d. North, to 30 d. Soutli of the Equator.. There are .Hvers forts of thefe Winds \ fome blowmg from EafI: to Welt, fome from South to North, others from Weft to Eaft, ^c. Some are ccnftant in one Quarter all the Year ^ fome blow one half the Year one way, and the other fix Months quite contrary ^ and others blow fix Months one way, and then fhifting only eight or ten Points, continue there ^r^ Months more, and then return ggaln to their former Stations, as all thelu ihifting Trade-Winds do •, and fo as the Year comes about, they alternately fucceed each other in their proper Seafbns. There are other Ibrts, call'd Sea-Winds and Land- Winds, differing much from any of the former, the one blowing by Day, the other by Night, con- ftantly and regularly fucceeding each other. Within the torrid Zone alfo are violent Storms, al^ fierce, if not fiercer than any are in other Barts of the World: And as to theSeafonsof the Yes^r, I can diftinguifh them there, no other way than by Wet and Dry ^ and thefe wet and dry Seafbns do as lucceflively follow each other, as Winter and Summer do with us. . ; Here are alio ftrong Currents, fbmetimes ietting one way, fometimes another •, which though it is hard to delcribe, with that Accuracy which is de- firable, yet T fhall give as particular an Ac<;ounj: of them, as alio of the feveral forts of Wwds^ as my own Obfervations, and the Judicious Informations from others, will aftord me Matter to do. Of the General Trade Wind, Of all Winds before-mentioned, I fhall endeavour to treat diflinttly ^ beginning with the True Trade- Wind I \ Wind Sea-, b| ftant or| feme a( be it w] The! lantick in the Sea, Inalll Line, tl as well quator, in all L; Winds Ocean, from an fide of theEafte almoft 1 check ft of the S Courfe \ But of 1 fome PI South L blow w: but in ] 30 or 4 I fhall { thefe V Lat. at Whe the Eaj monly times f it may con- Of the general trade-Wind, j Wind firft, which I call the General Trade Wind at Sea ^ becaule all other Trade-Winds, whether con- ftant or fhifting, leem to have their dependance on ibme accidental Caule ^ whereas theCaufe of thele, be it what it will, feems iinifomi and conftant. Thefe general 1 rade-Wiiids are only in the At- lantick Ocean which parts Africa from America^ in the Eaft Indian Ocean, and in the Great South- Sea, In all thele Seas, except jufl: under or near the Line, they conftantly blow without Intermiflion, as well to the South, as to the North of the E- quator, but not with equal force at all Times, nor in all Latitudes •, Neither do thefe conftant Trade- Winds ufually blow nec.r the fhoar, but only in the Ocean, at leaft 3 c or 40 Leagues off at Sea, clear from any Land •, eipecially on the Weft Coaft, or fide of any Continent : For indeed on the Eaft fide, the Eafterly Wind being the true Trade-Wind,blows almoft home to the ftiore •, lb near as to receive a check from the Land-Wind ^ and oft-times to admit of the Sea-Breez, by which it is drawn from its Courle frequently 4 or 5 Points of the Compafs : But of the Sea-Breez I fhall fpeak in its place. In Ibme Places, and particularly tlie South Seas, in South Lat. the true Eaftern Trade is not found to blow within 150 or near 200 Leagues of the Coaft, but in North Lat. in thole Seas, it comes within 30 or 40 Leagues diftance of the Shore : And this I ftiall give as a general Rule, That in North Lat. thefe Winds are commonly at E. N. E. in South Lat. at E. S. E. When we go from England^ and are bound to the Eafl or Weft Indies^ or to Guinea^ we com- monly find thele Winds in the Lat. of 30 d. fbme- times fooner, as in the Latitudes of 3 2 or 35. And it may fo happen that we may meet with an Eaft- A a a 2 erly vw -jS-'H 4 Of the general trade-Wind. erly Wind in 40 d. or go out of our own Channel with a North Eait Wind ^ which fometimes alfb fails us iiot till we come into a true Trade-Wind ^ but this is only accidental, therefore is not the Wind thatllpeak of-, but between 32 and 28 I did never know nor hear, that the true Trade- Wind failed. li in coming from England^ we have a North Eafterly AVind that brings us hither (/. f. into the true Trade- Wind) it fometimes flays at Nortli Eaf^, elpecially if we keep near the African Shore, as Qii'mea Ships do, till we are near the Tropick of Cancer^ and then comes to the E. N. E. where it letdes ^ but commonly it fettles there in 28 d. if we are fo far off Shore as to receive the true Trade. When the Wind is thus fettled, we have commonly fair Weather, and a cleat Sky, elpecially if the Sun is in any Southern Sign •, but if in a Northern Sign, the Weather is ufually cloudy. On the contrary, when we are in South Lat. in the Atlantick, it the Sun is in Northern Signs, the Sky is clear, but if in Southern Signs the Sky is cloudy. This I once experienced to my forrow, in my return fiom Bantam^ in the Year 167 1. We had cloudy Weather and brisk Winds, while we were crofling the Eajl Indian Ocean ♦, and had a very good Pallage alfo about the Cafe of good Hope ; VI here we had fair clear Weather: And fleering from thence, for the Hland St. Hcllcna^ where we thought to Water and Reirefli, as all our Engl'ifh EaJ} India Ships do, we mill it for want of an Ob- J ere at ion. For bctbre we came to the Tropick of Capricorn^ the Sky was again clouded, lb that we leldom law the Sun or Stars, till we were quite paft the \jhnd. However, we found the Ifle of AJccnticn^ where we ftruck two Turtle, (for this was not the laying time, but the beginnhig of the Qooting ^ Channel times alio ade-Wind3 s not the d 28 Idid rade-Wind a North into the ortli Eaft, ^hore, as ropick of where it 28 d. if ue Trade. >inmonly if the •^onhern Lat. in ^ Signs, the Sky Ibrrow, 71. We hile we i had a fUope 5 fleering lere we E/ig/iJh an Ob- >ick of at we quite ile of )r this |f the wting Of the general TradeMlnd. 5 Cooting or Ingendring Sealbn 5, therefr>ro fome few only were drawn hither.) This was the hitter end of Kovcmber. From the time that we thought our felves to the Weft of St. hclkriiU we had our \\i- ter mealured out to us, 2 Pints a Man fer day, till we came into our Channel. This was the firlt time that I began to know the value of fiefli VV^ater ^ for we took in none in all our way home from Bjh- tarn. But fo much for this Digreljion. The Winds, as I fa id before, as we run to tlic Southward from England^ do firft fettle in the E. N. E. about the Lat. of 28 d. or be fure lictween that and 24 d. efpecially when the Sun is to the Southward of the Line ^ but in May^ Juncm\ July you will find the Winds at E. by S. or E. S. E. Thefe Winds, whether we meet them to the North of the Eaft, or to the South of it^ we find blowing a moderate Gale from our firft meeting them in 30 or 28 d. till we come to the Tropick, there we find the Trade ftronger : It commonly blows a good Top- fail-gale, as \^q fail large : And if we were to fail on a Wind, our lower Sails would be enough. Thefe brisk Gales blow in the Atlantick Ocean, and North of the Equator, from the Lat. gf 23 to 12 or 14 conftantly, between theE. N. E. and the E. But between 10 or 12 degrees and the Line, they are not fb frefh nor conftant to that i^oint j f'^r in the Months of July and AuguJ}^ the South Winds do oft times blow even to 11 d. or 12 d. of North Lat. keeping between the S. S. E. and the S. S. W. or S. W. but in December and Jiinuary the true Trade blows within 3 d. or 4d. of the Equator. And as the Sun returns again to the Northward, fo the Southerly Winds do increafe and draw more to the Northward of the Line, till jF///y, and then gradu- ally withdraw back again towards the Line : V\'hen the Sun is in Southern Signs, 'tis the beft time of tlie Year to crofs the Line, if bound to the Southward •, Aaa 3 tor mrr thefe befides p with r-fet by ive the 11 Men if the )ve un- orhe Tit all ^eguft & yet id tho' of it uch if dyes :o the J will R)me- tho^ dan- inds, ' the the ther K E. ven Of tie general Trade-Wind. 7 e\^en in eroding the Line, and a very brisk gale-, 'tis for thatrealbn our experienced Guinea Colnman- ders do keep to the Southward of the Line, till they are about that Longitude. Some run over nearer the America;! Shore before they crols the Line ^ Our Eaji India Commanders do alio crols the Line, coming from India near the American Coafl, and find brisk Gales at S. E. all the times of the Year ^ but going to the Indies^ they fteer away South , from the Ifland St. Ja^o^ where they commonly Water and meet the Winds in that Longitude. But of this enough. The Winds near the Line in the Indian Ocean and South Sea are different from this, yet there the Winds are alio Southerly and therefore different from what they are farther oW^ for 2 d. or 3 d. on each fide the Line, the Winds are commoi.^y very uncertain, and oftentimes there are perfe£l Calms, or at leaft very Irnall Winds and Ibme Tornadoes in the EaJi Indian Sea. In the «S^////; Seas^ near and under the Line, the Winds are at South 130 Leagues olF ftom the Shoar, but how faither off I know not •, there the W^inds are but fmall, /et conftant, and the Weather clear from March till September •, but about Chriftmas there are Tornadoes ^ yet in both the Eajl IndianSQ3i^ and the 6^////; 5^^ ^ the Winds near or under tlie Line, are often at South •, yet thele Winds do not blow above 2 or 3 d. to the North or South of the Line, except near lome Land-, but in the Atlantick Sea, as I have faid before, the South and South Welt Winds do Ibmetimes blow even to i o or 1 2 d. North of the Line. And for the South Winds to blow conftantly near the Line in the Atlantick, between Cape Verd in Africa^ and C Blanco in Brazil^ is no wonderful thing, if a Man will but confider thofe Promontories that (hoot out from the Continents on each fide the Sea •, one on the North, the other on the South fide of the Equa- A a a 4 tor, m ¥■ Of the general Tfade-Win J, tor, leaving but a fiiiall fpace clear, for the Winds to blow in ^ where there is always a pretty brisk Gale, elpecially on the Ameriam fide. And as within 2 or 3 d. of the Equator, it is mod fubje6: to Calms and Tornddoes and fmall fiiint Breezes in other Seas not pend up as this is. So this Sea, except julUn thw ver\' ;pening between both Promontories, is much n: ae lubjeO: to it than any other, efpecially on the i.alt fide : tliat is from the Bite or the Inland corner of the Coaft otGui/iea to 28 or 30 d.diftance V\ clhBut this feems not to be altogether the eifefts of the Line, but owing pardy to the nearnefs of the Land to the Line, which fhoots out firom the Bite of Giar?(:-i^ even to G//r St. Anm^ almoft in a par- rallel witli the Equator ( allowing for the Bays a lendi\;[j,s) and this is 23 or 24 d. of Longitude, and rot above bo Leagues from the Line in fome Places: So that this part of" the Sea, betw^een the Coaft of Gumeu^ and the Line or 2 d. South of it lying, as it were, between the Land and the Line, is feldom free from bad Weather ^ elpecially from Ap-'il to September •, but wlienthe Sun is withdrawn towards the Tropick of Caprkorn^ then there is Ibmething better V leather there. And in tlie Sea under the Line between the A- //vr^/;? Promontory and the Atmrica??^ it is fi:eer from Tornadoes and Calms, and more fiibjeO: to fair VV'eather and frefh Breezes. Therefore both our Engiijh and Dutch Ecift hidui Ships, when outward- bound, endeavour to Crofs the Line as near as they can in the mid Channel, between both Promon- tories^ and although they meet the Winds fbme- times at S.S. E. or at S. S. W. or farther Eafterly or Wef;'erly ^ yet will they not run above a degree to thQ Eall, or a degree to the Weft of the mid Cliannel, b-k re they tack again, for fear of meeting with the loaking Current on the Weff, or Calms on the Eafl fide ^ either of which would be alik^ prejudicial to rheif Courfe. , Tlie The Yo\ the fame before th( ling to Is fo many il pafs, that ] a diftance-l But ou their Port! of the "ie their BufiJ where thej their ret run 3 or 4 meet the V and a brisl the lame ] Line again way betwi there they the We^ h Weft 40 d. Gales, wh or any oth Line, and PafTage tl they wou have been meet with Land, the keep in th ceffity me Tornadoe By wh thefe tlire time in g ther SWr Of the general IradeWind, g The Tortu^ujfe in iheir \'oyages to Brazil^ take the lame method, and get to the South of the Line before they fall in with the Land, for fear of fel- ling to kward ofQpe St. Aag-ifiine^ for there are fo many tliijigs which make that a difficult Cape to pals, that hardly any Man would try to do it, but at a diftance. But our Gu'wea Ships do generally pals on to their Ports on the Coalt of Guinea^ at any time of the \c-ix. without uling liich methods •, becaule their Bufincis lyes moftly on the North of the Line, where they j.lways find a fair Weflerly Wind. But in their recirns from thence, they crols the Line, and run 3 or 4 d to the Soutliward of it, whtie they meet the Wind between the S. S. E. and the S. S. W. and a brisk gale ^ with this Wind, they run away in the lame parrallel 3 5 or 3 6 d. bctore they crols the Line again to the Northward, which is about mid- way between the Extreams ot both Promontories ^ there they find a brisk gale, which carries them to the Weji indies^ or whtxC they pleale. Some run Weft 40 d. before they crols the Line, md find ftrong Gales, whereas fhould they come from Old Callahar^ or any other Place in the B'ltc^ on die North of the Line, and fteer away W^efl', tliinkiiig to gain their Paflage the fooner, becaufe it is the neareif way, they would doubtlefs be miftaken, as many Men have been : For if they keep near the Line, they meet with great Calms-, and if they keep near the Land, they meet with Welierly Winds ^ and if they keep in the middle between both, they muft of ne- cefiity meet with both Inconveniencies, as alio with Tornadoes, elpecially in May^ June^ July and Au- guft. By which means Ibme Ships, if they go any of thele tliree ways now cautioned againft, Ipend more time in gomg from the Bite to Cape Verd^ than ano- ther Ship wUr do if it crols the Line in the right Places, w 1^.., lO Of the general Trade Wind. Places before mentioned, in going to the Barbadoes, Sometimes unexperienced Gumea Matters in their return from thence, after they have crofs'd the Line, from N, to S. and are in a fair way to gain alpeedy Paflage, will be fb obftinate in their Opinions, after they have run 2d, 28 or 30 d. Weft from OldCallabnr (with a fair Wind) to fteer away W. by N. or W. N. W. it being the dire£left Courle they can iteer for Barhadoes^ then they muftof neceflity keep within a degree of the Line, while they are running 2 or 300 Leagues,which may prove to be a long time in doiiig, becaufe of the uncertainty of the Winds near the E- quator^therefoie they that crois itnearthemiddle,be- tweenboth Promontor* jr near the il/z^mc^;? Coal]-, when they are minded to ^a^l away to the North- ward,fteer away N.W.or N.W.b^ N.and lb deprels or raile a degree in running 28 Leagues at moft -, there- fore (which is beft) they are but a fhort time near tlie Equator : And belides, in thus eroding it in the middle between both Promontories, they feldom mils of a Wind : for the Wind in thele Seas has no other PaCTagc, but between thefe two Promonto- ries. What I have faid already on this Head, has been chieiiy of the Atlantkk^zvA of that too moftly about the Line, becaule it is the moft difficult Place to pals in going to the Southward. In other Seas, as in the Eaft Indian Sea^ and the Great South Sea there is no fuch difficulty to pals any way, becaufe there is Sea-room enough, without coming into fuch Inconveniencies, as we meet with in the Atlantick ^ and as to the Winds between the Line and the Tro- picks, in the Eajl Indian Sea and the South Seu^ they are in their Latitudes, as I laid before, viz. m South Latitude, at E. S. E. and in North Lat. at E. N. E. blowing conftantly frefh Breezes, efpecially in the South Seas, even from within a degree or two of the Line, on each fide to the Tropick, or to 30 degrees hrbadoes, 5 in their tlie Line, a Ipeedy )ns, after iCallubar M. or W. can Iteer jp within 201300 in doi.ig, ar the E iiddle,be- in Coall, e North- eprels or t j there- ime near ; it in the feldom s has no romonto- has been ly about Place to Seas, as outh Sea becaufe ito fuch lantick ^ Jie Tro- in at V12, Lat. )ecially or two Ir to 30 Idegrees Of the general Trade-Wind. 1 1 degrees of Lat. And this I may truly fiy. That neither the Atlantick nor the Eajl Indian Seas have the true Trade-Winds fo conltaiit nor brisk at all times of the Year, and in all Latitudes, as they are here. For being once got into the Trade, I mean without the verge of the coaiting Trade-Wind, it blows a very brisk gale all over tlie Ocean. Capt. Eaton experienced this in failing from the Gallapagos Iflands to the Ladrones^ In the latter end of the Year 1685. We had the like experience,lailing from Cape Corientes to Guam the Year after (as appears by my Journal of that Run, in my Voyage round the World. Chap. lo. Pag. 1S5.) And as for the Wind to the Southward of the Line, I had great Experience of it in my ramble there with Capt. Shearp ^ and fince that Capt. Davh^ in his return out of the South Sea, had greater experience ^ becaule he took his departure from the Gallapagos Illands alio, and Ueering W. S. W. from thence, till he met the True Trade at E. S. E. hefteereddire£lly South, clear from the Line, till he got to the Southward of theTropick of Capricorn^ and ^0 quite without the Trade. In th.Q Eafl Indian Sea, between the Lat. of 30 d. and 4 degrees South of the Equator, the true Breez is at E. S. E. or S. E. by E. yet not ^0 conftant nor brisk as in the South Seas ^ befides that part of it which lyes to the Northward of the Line, has not fuch a conftant fteady Breez, but is more fubje£l to Calms, and near the llioar to fhifting Winds, accor- ding to the Sealbns of the Year. CHAP. «^':.;; ♦MM 12 i CHAP. II. Of the conjlant c^ajiing Trade WtnJs, A Parallel of the South Van of Africa and Peru. the trade-Winds blow with an acute Angle on any Coaft. the Winds about Angola and in the South Seas alike ; as alfo at Mexic- y^d Gui- nea, the Winds floift not in fomc Places, Sand blown from the Shoar about Cape Blanco in Guinea. An Account of the trade-Winds from thence to Cape Lopos. T H E Trade-Winds which blow on any Coafl , arc citlKv C^onftant or Shift- ing. The Coalls that ire iuh\^d: to confiant Trade- "IVinds, are, the South Coaft of Africa and Fcru, and part of the CoaR of Mexico^ and part of Guinea. Tlie South part of Afntii and Pcru^ are in one Lar. both Coaffs trending North and South -, both on the Weft fide of their Continents ^ both in South Lat. and tho' they do not lye exaQly parallel, by Reafbn of Ibmc Capes or Bondings in the Land, y<;t are the Winds much alike on both Coails, all the Year long. On the Coaft of A/z^^o/j the Winds are between the S. W. and S. And on the Coaft of Peru^ we reckon them between the S. S. W. and S. S. E. But this the Reader muft take notice of, That the Trade- Vyinds thajt blow on any Co.iii, except the North Coaft of Africa^ whether they are conftant, and blo\v a Of blow all Winds, ( right ak accute Ai Lands vri North o; alter acc liesN. ;i: where ih S. W. Bi would I lying on South lie Africa frica has or three . Thefe Year long[ they are than any On th or 150 L them to ; the Wine about 20( is the true Betwe( as they a: the Perm 4 degrees S.S.W.C it may in 1 know ^ were, wl As the flant Tr2 Guinea, South ^ Of the conflant coafting tradeAVinds. i j blow all the Year , or whether they are fhifting Winds, do never blow right in on the Shoar, nor right along Shoar:, but go llantiiig, making an acciitc Aij^lc of about 22 degrees. Therefore as the Lands Ti ids more Eafterly or U'elierly from the North 01 South on thefc CoaHs, io the Winds do alter accc.rdingly as for example, Where the Land liesN. a:.d S. the Wind WMild be at S. S. W. but where ihe Land lies S. S. W. the Trade would be at S. W. But if* the Lji:d lyes S. S. E. then the Wind would be at Scuth. This is fuppoled of Coalls lying on the Wcltiide of any ^ Continent, and on the Douth fid'w of tiie Equator, as the two Coalfs of Afncd and Fcru are •, but the North part of A- fr'ica has the Trade blowmg oft" from ti.e fhoar, two or three Points. Thefe Southerly Winds do blow conflantly all the Year long, on both die Coafts of 'Fent and Ajhca ^ they are brisk, and blow farther off" fi:om the Coafls than any fhifting W'inds. On the Coal t of P^;v/, thefe Winds blow 140 or 150 Leagues off Shore, before you can perceive them to alter ^ But then as you run farther oft^ fo the Wind will come about mor« Ealierly, and at about 200 Leagues diflance it lettlesat E.S. E. which is the true Trade. Between Angela and Brazil the Winds are much as they are in the South Seas, on the W^ell fide of the Pfruvia/2 Coaff^ only near the Line, within 4 degrees of it, in South Lat. the W^ind holds in the S.S. W. or S. W. for 28 or 30 d. of Longitude, and 16 it may in the fame Lat. in the South Seas, tor ought i know ^ for it was at South, as far as any of us were, which was near 200 Leagues. As the Coaff s ol" Peru and Angola have their con- flant Trade-Winds, fo has the Coalf of Alexko and Guinea. And astheCoalt of Feni lies North and South , lb thole lye nearcit Fall and Well Accor- ^ IX 14 or ^^^ confiant coafting trade-Windr. According to the Courfe ot the general Trade the Winds (hould be Eafterly on thele Coafts^ but here we meet with the quite contrary ^ for from the Lat. of 10 d. North to 20 d. North on the Coaft of Mexico^ the Winds areconftantly near the Weft on all the Coaft, except check'd Ibmetimes with Tor nadoes, which do commonly rife againft the Wind, the lame is oblcrved on the Coaft of Angola •, where there are Tornadoes alio ^ But the Coaft of ?eru is not fubjeft to any, yet on that Coaft there are Ibme- times Calms two or three days together off of the Bay of Anca^ between the Lat. of lo and 23. In the Lat. of 19 you fhaU have Calms 30 or 40 Leagues offShore, but not lb tar on either lide the Bay, neither are iuch Calms ufual on the Coafts of Angola and Mexico only after a Tornado, as is com- mon in other Places. As the Coafts of Angola and Peru^ do in mod things run parallel each with other *, lb do the Coafts of Mexico and Guinea : And if 1 am not miftaken, the Winds on Vioth thefe Coafts are much alike ^ Both thele Coalts do begin at the Bite or Bending of the Land, where the other two Parallel Lands do end^ for as the Mixican Continent begins at or near Panama^ which is 8 or 9 degrees North of the Equa- tor ^ fo that part of Guinea^ which I fpeak of, be- gins about Old Callabar^ in about 4 or 5 degrees of North Lat. The Land trends away Wefterly from both thele Places fome hundreds of Leagues •, and though not on one Point of the Compafs, becauleof the Irnall Points, Bays and Bending in the Land, yet the Winds that on more regular Shores, keep their conftant Courfe, and blow in upon the Shore, about two Points from the Sea, do alfb here on the Gui- nea Coaft, blow on the Shore from tlieWeft Quar- ter, and as the Land lies Pointing in on the Shore, even from Caj)e Mount lo Old Callabar^ which is above Oftb above 400 that the E; 'ixardCoafl And yet th Seamen, c( nothing bu of the Trui hiirbardoes therefore tl and fo of a true, becai Eaft s but nca alfonif like what Coafts whe Coaft of Bay of M all the Ca) times fomi thefe Coal fting. And ind that we nr Iflands for Book, Cha But ths Qape Verd i-j. has cc die N. ani Guinea Sh: that Shore, to the So Lat. about the Sand,^ they are f( are all (fri if they v them, it 1 Of the cimflam coafiing IrsdeWindi. i ; above 400 Leagues ^ and that with fuch conftancy that the Eaft part of that Coaft is called the Lee- Weird Coaft ^ and the Welt part the Wwd-wardCoiiJl • And yet this is fo contran^ to the general Opinion of Seamen, concerning the Courfe of the Winds, that nothing but tJieir own experience will convince them of the Truth of it ♦, for thus they generally realbn ; Burhardoes is the Eafler moft of tlie Carrwc Iflands, therefore the reft arc laid tu be to Leeward of it, and fo of any otlier Ifland ^ as indeed it ufually holds true, becaule the Winds there are commonly at Eaft i but this Counter Wind on the Coaft of Gui- nea aftonifhcs nioft Seamen that have feen nothing like what they meet with here. There are other Coafts where the Winds fhift very little as on the Coaft of CarnKcos^ and the South fide of the Bay of Mexico^ i. e. in the Bay of Compechy^ and all the Carrihe Iflands. Indeed there may be fbme- times fomc finall flurts of a Wefterly Wind on thefe Coafts, but neither conftant, certain nor la- fting. And indeed this was the great ftumbling Block that we met with in running from the Gallapagos Iflands for the Ifland Cocos^ mentioned in my former Book, Chap. 5. Pag. 1 1 1. But that part of Afriai^ >vhich lies between Qape Verd in 14 d. North, and Cape Bay c dor e in 27. has commonly Northerly Winds ^ or between die N. and N. E. very frefti gales -, therefore our Guinea Ships, bound to Guinea^ ftiive to keep near that Shore,and oft times make the Capes : And being to the Southward of Cape Blanco^ which lyes in Lat. about 21. they are Ibmetimes lb troubled with the Sand, which the Wind brings off Shore, that they are Icarce able to fee one another : Their Decks are all ftrewed with it, and their Sails all red, a^ if they were tann'd, with the Sand that fticks to them, it being of a reddifti colour. From I' i4»f 1 6 Of the eanflant eoafling tradcAVindsl From Cape Verd to Cape St, Anns , which is about 6 degrees North, the Trade is between the E. and S. E. from Cape St. Anns to Cape Fa/ma^^ in about 4 d. North, the Trade is at S. W. from Cape F almas to the Bite of Guinea^ which is at the bendmg of the Coaft, the Wind is at W. S. W. from this bending the Land begins to turn about to the South •, and from thence to Cape Lopos^ which is to the South of the Line , the Trade is at S. S. W. as it is on all that Coaft, even to 30 de- grees South. This laft Account I had from Mr. Canby.^ who has made many Voyages to Guinea, CHAP. G H A p. Ill Of the coajling Trade-ff^inds thatjhift. The Coafts where the Winds Jhift. Of the Winds beween Gratia de Dios, and Cire La Vela. Of ihofe on the Coaft of Brazil : Jt Panama : About Natal : And Cape Co- rientes •, And the Red-Sea : From the Gulph of Pertia to Cape Cottiorin. Of the Mon- fobns in India : Their Benefit for failing from PUce to Place. Sea and Land Breezes ferviceahle for the fame purpofe. By what helps long Voyages ^tr? made in an open Sea, TH E Coafts where the Winds do ufually fhift, are Ibme in the IVcfl Indies^ ^s that part ot* tiie Coaft betw^een Cape Gratia de Dios^ and Cape La Vela chiefly : The Coalt of Brazil 'j the Bay of Famwia m the South Seas, and all the Coait oF the Eaji: Indies^ even from the River Natal^ which is in the Lat. of 30 d. South, on the Ealt fide of Africa^ beyond the Cajw of good hope^ to the North Eali Parts of China^ compre- hending all the Bays between. The Iflands alfo have their ^Annual changes ^ Of all thefe I Oiall tre;it in their order, beginning firR" with that Coifl: winch iyes between Cape Gratia de Dios\ and Cape La Vela ; And 1 the rather begin with this part flrli, be- caufe this part of the Weji Ladies is all that is fub- H\ to change ^ neither is the change altogether B b b t-> II '7 t. \i ■4U ifr^'l 8 Of the coafling trade-Winds^ 8cc. lo orderly, or certain as the ylW/^^/?rj in the Eaji Indies , or the Ihiiting Winds on the Coaft oi The Common Trade- Wind on this Coaft is be- tween the N. E. and the Faft ^ This Trade blows coiillantly from Ahirch till. Kova;/bc;\ but is often theck'd with Tornadoes in the Months of jMiy^ 'JitnL\ July and Aiigiijl^ elpecially between the Ri- ver of ]:anen and Lojhinca •, but to Wind- ward there is a more lerene Airland a brisker Wind: From Oclvhcr till Miirch there are Wefterly Winds, not conflant, nor violent, but blowing moderately fome- times 2 or 3 Days or a Week ^ and then the Breez may blow again as long. Thele Winds are moft in Decc?7ibcr and January • before and after thele two Months the Trade-Wind is only check'd a Day or two near the liill or change of the Moon •, and when the Weflerly Winds blow longeft and firon- geft on the Coait, the Eafterly Trade-Wind blows off at Sea, as at other tunes. Near Cape La Vcla^ the true Ifade blows within 8 or 10 Leagues off the Shore, when the Weflerly Winds blow on xh. Coaft, except in a ftrong North, which turns the Trade- Wind back, and on the Cofianca\ and between it and the River Daricn the Wefteily Winds, as they are more frequent and laftlng, than towards Cape La Vela^ fo alfo they blow farther off at Sea, as Ibme- times as fir as to 20 or 30 Leagues from the Shore. Thcrcfnre Ships bound to Windward, if they have far to go, either take the opportunity of the Weiferly Wind Sealon, or elle go through theGulph of l/crida^ and llretch away to the North, till they get into a variable Winds way, and then run to the Eafi ward as far as they think convenient before they flierch to the Southward again. All that are bound f r*'rn the Fl V/? hidic<^ to Guinea mull take th's courfe, it they fail 'from Jamaica (becaiile they muft pafs thro' Of the coafUng^rade-Windsy &:c thro' the Gulph of Ylorida) but from other Iflands they may ftretch away direCtly to the North, and ule the lame method. But if Ships have only a liTiall way to Sail to Wind-ward , they make ufe of the Sea and Land Breezes , making no account of the time of the Year. The Winds on the Coafl- of Brazil ^ are from Si^v- t ember till March at E. N. E. and irom JL/A^/mll September again they are at South. The Winds in the Bay of Yanama are from Sep^ tember till yVLW; Eaiierlv, and {lomMinb xiWScp- te7nber again they are at S. andS. S. \V. From the Cape of good Hope Failwards, as far as the River Nata/^ which lies in 5od. South La licude, and Cape Corie?2tesm Lat. of 24 degrees Souths the Winds from May to Odobrravc o^nllantly from the Weft to the North Well, within 30 Leagues of the Shore : They blow bardeft at North AVeli. When thQ Wind comes to the North Weft, it is comnrionly rtormy and tempeftous Weather, attended with much Rain, and then the Weather is cold and chilly- From O^ober till Alarch the Winds are Eallerly ^ from the E. N. E. to the E. S. F. you have then very fair Weather: The E. N. E. Winds are pretty frefh, but the Winds at E. S. E. are fmall and faint, fome- times aftbrding ibme drops of Rain. From Qipe Cor'wntcs to t-ie RcciSca^ from Ol/o^ her till the middle of January the Winds are vari- able, but molt times Northerly, and oft fl lifting round the Compafs: The ilronged AVinds are at North •, thele are often very vloleiit and Itormy, and accompanied with much Rain, and thus it iJows about the Ifland of Madagajcar and the adjacent Illands. I'hele ftorms are commonly preceded by a great Sea out of the North. From January till May the Winds are at N. E. or N.N. E. fine Irefh gales and B bb 2 fair Ip \ mm 10 Of the coafting Trade-Winds^ Set. fair Weather. From M/y till Of/ober the Winds arc Southc'rly, in fu/y^ Auguft and September there arc great Cahns in the Bay of Fate and JWelendt. and a ilrong C.urreiit lettnig into the Bay : Ther> lore hhips that have occalion to pafs this way in thcie three Months, oij.'ht*to keep at leaft ico Leagues \uAi the- K oall to avoid being driven by the Cuneiit h tL- ii»e Kay-, ior thcfe Calms do lometimes iait 6 Weeks, yet otf at Sea, at the diliance of ico l.eagties tlie Winds are Irefh at South. At the entrance into ih^RedScd near Cape Guardefuer there arc commonly very hard gales and turbulent Wea- ther, e\ en when the Calms are lo great in the Bay ot Mekndt\ and not above lo or 12 Leagues at Sea from the laid C^z/t', there is alio very tair Weather, and pretty frelh Gales. In the RedSr^ trom M(?y till Onohef\ the Winds arc lirong at S. W. and the Current fettingout ftrong. , , io that there is no entring into that Sea in thole Months, except you keep dole to the South Shore, there you have Land-Winds, and an eddy Current. In the'Monthsof iSr/^/tv//i^Y'/' or Oticber^ the Wind fhnfties about to the North, and at laft fettles at N.E. then comes tair Weather on this Coaft ^ and lo continues till the yljVy^^-Y;;? (hilts, which is in J- pil or M(iy ^ then it lirlt takes one furry at North, i'nd licm thcrce veers to the trill, ard lb about to the South, ai:d thert: it fettles. 'J he Account of this Coall frcrn tf . Ujpe of gcod ■h'rft' hiiher, 1 had fioin Caipt, Rcgtrs, And uS this hither-moil paitot the Ei/Jl lndiei\ even Ire m the dqe of good hope to the RvdScci which Coal! lies nearell N. t. and S. W. hath its ihilting Seafons, io the other Parts of /W/^/, iiom d)e Giilph of Forjiti 10 Cape i^cmcr'm^ has its con- 1fn:t Ai iiual change, and trom Ccmonn^ clear lound the .r.'v of he/,g(ii\ ihe change is no lets •, and tvcii hem ihci-.cej through the Strei^hts of J^U l:cca^ anc Trade -Wi ■iuly as tl It cannc lL-(^ Pla 'oniuils Trade- Wir ting in on in Bays w. Winds mu does not li hut is chie lyes near a Irnall Cove the fides ai the Bay of differs muc does on th conltant Tr ^^: fhifting ar one and ■ 1 iTiean on a little a Thele If . ailed yVW :he other 1 lets in abou ceaieth, and till Stptembt And both their Seaib: delcribed : the Welt br laid before Wind at Sec (he Line the in the Tropi but when th Winds r there \\flendt\ Thei :■ in thc]L Leagues Curicjjt nes iait of ICO At the er there It Wea« the Bay s at Sea Veathcr, e Winds t ftrong. in thole h Shore, purrent. Wind tries at . , and s in j\- North, bout to of good Indies. lath its , jiom ts con- 1 GUI id ', and Of the coaftingllTrade-WinJiylicc] I'ccd^ and Eaftwa^'ds as far as JjpiUi^ the fhifting Trade W'nds do alternately fucceed each other as ^iily as tlie Yea*: comes about. It cannot be iiiDX-'leJ that the Trade Wind in all fe Places, ^hv^^uia be exa^lly on one Point of th. zr U.-IC 'A)niu:ls : For I have already (hewn, that thefe Trade- Winds on any Coalt do commonly blow Han- ting in on the Shore about 2 or 3 Points •, therefore in Bays where the Land lies on leveral Rombs, th Winds muft alter accordingly. Though that Rule does not hold altogether true in Bays that are deep, but is chiefly meant tor a pretty lireightCbalt, which lyes near alike ^ allowing for Points of Land and iinall Coves, which make no alteration : But ofi the fides and in the bottom of large Bays, fuch as the Bay o^ Bengali^ the Bay of Suirn^ t>c\ the Wind difters much on one fide of the Bay from what it does on the other ^ and both fides differ from the conltant Trade on rhe open Coalt -^ yet all Ihift in the fhifting Seafons, which are April and Septe/fihcr li- one and the fame time, to their oppofite Points : I mean on the open ( oail, for in Ibme Bays there s a little alteration from that general Rule. Theie Ihifting W^inds in the Eaft Indies^ are .iiled Monjoons ^ one -i called the Raft yl'I w/rvw, :he other the Weft Monfoon. The Eall: Mo/ijoon lets in about September and blows till April -^ then ceafeth, and the Weft Monfcon takes place and blows till September again. And both the Eaft and Weft Monfoons blow in, their Seaions llanting in on the Coalt, as is before deicribed : 'The Eaft Monjoofi brings fair Weather^ the Welt brings Tornadoes and Rain. For, ( as I laid before in the firft Chap, of the General Trade Wind at Sea) when the Sun comes to the North of (he Line then all Places North of the Equator, with- in the Tropicks, are troubled with Clouds and Rain, but when the Sun is \t\ Southern Signs then tht. Sky is B b b 3 clear. e ^ ^i^ (■''ii 22 Of the coafting trade-Winds ficc. clear. And as moft of the Trading Countries in the E^iJihJie?^ dpecially thole on the main Continent, do lye between the Line and the fropick o^ Cancer : So thcie Countries are all lubje*^ to the Changes and Seafons already defcribed. But the lllands lying under the Line, and to the South between the Line and the Tropick of Cupricorn^ have cojitrary Sealbns to theie. Yet do they change at the lelt-lame time. The diflerence betw^een the Mojifoons on the North ot the Line, and the lAonJoons on the South of th.e Line is that in April ^ when tlie Welt Mon- J ban lets in to the North of the Line, the S. S. W. Winds lets in to the South of the Line, and is called the S. S. W. Monjoon. And in September when thi: Eaft Monjoon lets in to the North of the Line, the N.N. K. Wind blows in South Lat. and is called the N. N. E. Monjoon, And whereas the Weft Monjccn is accompanied with Tornadoes and Rain in Noith Lar. the S. S. \N. Monjoon^ which blows at thelcime time in South Lat. is accompanied with fair Wea- ther. And as the Fall: Monjoon is attended with fair Weather in North Lat. thu N. N. E. Monjoon^ which blows at the lame time in South Lat. is attended with Tornadut^s and vury bad Weather. Ana though thcie W iiids do not Ihitr cxadly at one time in all Years ^ vetcSr/v. and yi/?;'. are always accounted the turning Months, and do commonly participate of both Ibrts of Winds. For thefe Monjoons do as conltantly Ihift by turns, as the Year comes about. And by means of this change of Wind. Ships have the be- nefit to lail from one part of India ^ with one Wind, and return with the contrary : So that moft of the Navigation in IrSa df. pends on the Monjoons, And Ships do conlbntiy viait fbrthefe Changes^ and the Merchants fit out to any Place according as the Sea- fon of the Year draws on : And v;herelbever they go they certainly difpatch their bufinefs ^o as to return back again vvith the next or contrary Monjcon : For here Of the coafting trade-Winds^ &c ^ere is no failing to and from any Place, but with ^he Monfuon-^ One carries them our, the other brings ^hem back. Neither do 1 know how it were ]\>i- fible for Merchants in theie Parts to Trade by Sea from one Country to another, were it not for tliele Ihifting JWonfoons. For, as 1 have laid beibie , molt of the Trading Kingdoms in hid'ui do lye be- tween the Line, and the Tropickof Cancer. And the Land lies fbto the North, that Ships cannot gu to the North of the Tropick, and by that means get into a variable Winds way ^ as they may and do in the Weft. //?i//>j,when they are bound far to the Eaitward. Nei- ther could it be any advantage to Itand off to Sea, as they may in the South Sea ^ tor that would be of lit- tle moment, becauie they would then come (b near the Line, that they would be always lyable to Tornadoes and Calms : And fhould they crols the Linu and run to the Southward of it, thinking that way to gain their Paflage, it is likely they might fucceed no better there : For that part of the Sea which lies to the Southward oi the Line is open and free to the true Trade, which feldom fails : Bur indeed that Wind would carry them to the Southward quite beyond the Trade into a vari- able Winds-way. But the Sea is not open there, for Ships to pafs fo far to the Eaihvard as to gain their Ports. For our Eaft India Ships that are bound t«:> Shvi^ Tunqueen^ China^ &c. cannot get thither but in tiie Seafon of the Welf Monfoon , though tiicy go dirccfly from England ^ and though, aher they arc paft the Cape ^ they have the convenience to iiretch to the Eaifward , as far as the Land will permit, yet they cannot go fo far as is con- venient before they will be obliged to fteer down within the Courfe of the Trade- Winds, wliich would obftru8: their Paffage, if they w::xe as conltant here as in other Places. And therefore if thele Anniver- B b b 4 fary ^3 24 Of the coafiing Trade Winds, &£. fjxy .Mon/oo/2s did not conftantly liicceed each other-, Ships could not pals but one way ^ they might lail to the Weltward, but there they mult lye up or bi 3 or 4 Years in their return ftom a place which may be iailed in 6 Weeks, yet I lay that to Places near each other Ships may and do very otten fail againlt the Monjoon^ and that with liiccels : For here are Sea and Land Breezes under the fhore, and in many Places good Anchoring, by which means Ships may Hop w hen they tind the Current againlt them : But Voyages of a great diftance cannot be made only with Land and Sea-Winds without fome other helps. Jn the W. Indies we have thefe helps of Land- Winds and Sea-Breezes by which we lail liom one place to another,provided they are no great dillance allinder,and pLrloimour Voyages well enough-, but when we are 10 iail a great way to the taitward againlt the Trade- Wind, then we are forced, as is laid before, either to pals thro' the Gulph of" \Lcrida^ if we are tar to Lee- ward, or elle to pafs between tlie Hlands, and lo 11] etch away to the Northward, till we are clear out of the Trade, and ^o get our Longitude that way. So in the South Seas alio, and on the Coalts of Guinea^ the Coall: of Brazrl^ and the Coail of Ajnca, between the Cafs oj good hope and the Red-Sea^ there are Sea and Land Breezes, which may be made ule of to lail againlt the Trade, if the Voyages be ihort : But when we are to lail a great way againlt the Trade-Wind, we rauft not wholly de- pej.d on the Sea and Land Breezes ^ for then wc ihould be a long time in accomplilhingfuch Voyages. In fuch Cafts we have recourle to other helps, inch as Fiovidence has fupplied thefe Seas with, which ieems to be wanting in the Eafl Indies ^ as for exam- ple, in the South Seas& on the Coalt of P^vvi? where the Southerly Winds blow conftantly all the Year, There Ships that arc bound to the Southward llretch Pif to the Weltward till they are out of the Coalt- Of the coafltng Trade-Winds^ Sec. ing Trade-Wind, and there meet with the true Trade at t.S. E. with which they lail as far as they pleale to the Southward, and then Iteer in lor their Port. So on the Coalt of Alex/co^ where the Coaiting Trade isVVellerly, there they run oft' to Sea, till they meet the true E. N. E, Trade ^ and then Ihetch away to the Northward, as far as their Fort •, and Ships that come ti:om the Fhi/ipi/ies^ bound lor the Coalt oi' Mexico^ Itretch away to the North, ^s far as 40 degrees to get a Wind to bring them on the Coalt. Thus alio all Ships bound to the£V//?/W/fx, after they are pall the Line in the Atlantick Ocean, liretch away to the Southward beyond the Trade, and then lland over to the Eaflward, towards the Cape-, lb in returning home, alter^^hey have crolt the Line to the Northward,'they fleer away North, with the Wind at E.N. E. till they are to the Northward of the Trade- Wind, and then 'dire£l their Courle Eatlerly. All Gui- nea Ships and Wrft l;idia Ships do the fame hi their returns : And this is the Benefit of an open Sea. But io return. 1 The Monjoones among the Eafi India Iflands that lye to the South v^'ard of the Line, as I laid before, are either at N. N. E. or S. S. W. Thefe alio keep time, and fhifl:,as the Monjoones do to the North of the Line, in the Months of A\ml and September^ but near the Line, as a degree or two on each lide, the Winds are notioconflant. Indeed there tliey are 16 very uncer- tain, that I cannot be particular 16 as to give any true Account of them : Only this I know, that Calms are very frequent there, as all6 Tornadoes and ludden Gulls •, in which the W^inds iiy in a moment quite ;oui]d the Ccmpais. 7S Ji J. s '■*■ ; CHAP. z6 CHAP. IV. Of Sea and Lcind'lirce:^^. Hort> Sea Breezes differ from Common Trade- Winds, the time and manner of their Rife ; And particularly at Jamaica. Of the hand- Breezes, The time and manner of their Rife ; As on the IJihmus of Darien and at Jamaica. The places where thefe Winds blow flrongeft or flacksji ; as at Capes and Head Lands^ deep Bays J Lagunes and l(lands. Seals-Skjn Blad* ders ufed inftead of Bark, Loggs, SE A-Breezes, generally fpeaking, are no other than the Common Trade-Wind of the Coafts on which they blow, with this difterence, that whereas all IVade-Winds, whether tliey are thofe that I call the general Trade-Winds at Sea, or coailing Trade- Winds, either conftant or Ihifting, do blow as well by Night as by Day, with an equal brisknefs.except when Tornadoes happen; So contrari- ly S^-a- Winds are only in the Day, and ce.; ^e in the Night ^ and as all Trade-W inds blow conftantly near to one Point of the Compals, both where the con- flant Trade- Winds are, or where they fhitt •, on the contrary thefe Sea -Winds do differ from them in this, that in the Morning when they hrli Ipring up, they blow commonly as the Trade VVinds on theCoaft do, at Of Sua and hand Breezes. at or near the fame Point of the Cuinpais ^ but about Mid-Day they Hy off 2, 3 or 4 Points Jurthcr irom the Land, audio blow almoli rij^ht in on the Cj^ali, specially in lair Weather ^ ior then the Sea Hree/es are truelt •, as for inlhnce, on the Coali ol" Ar/i^crla the Land lies ahnoli: North and South, there the Trade-Wind ts from the S.S. W. to the S. VV. ihe true Sea Breezes near the fhore are atW.byS.or W.S. \V, and fo of any other C^-alh Thele Sea-Breezes du commonly rife in the Mor- ning about Nine a 0)ck, fometimes looner, Ibme- times Jii'-er •, theytlrit approach tiie Ihore lb gently, as if tliey were ati:aid to come near 11, and oft- times they make Ibme faint breathings, and as if not willing to offend, they make a hah, and leem ready to retire. I have waited many a time both aihore to receive the plealiire, and at Sea to take the beneht of it. It comes in a fine, finall, black Curie upon the Water, whenas all the Sea bet^veen it, and the lli"re not yet reaclfd by it.is as fmcjotii and even asCilaiiin (^omparilon-, in half an Hour's time alter it has reached the Ihore it tans j^retty briskly, and lb in- creaieth gradually till 12 a Clock, then it is com- monly Itrongeif, and laifs lb till 2 or 3 a very brisk gale ^ about 1 2 at Noon it allb veres c^if to Sea 2 or 3 Points, or more in very fair Weather. Aix^x 3 a Clock it begins to dye away again, and gradually withdraws its lorce till all is Ipent, and about 5 a Clock, fooner or later, according as the Weather is, it is luird alleep, and comes no more till the next Morning. Thele Winds are as conffantly expecleil as the day in their proper Latitudes, and leldum iaii but in the wet Sealbn. On all Coaltsof the main, whether iu the Eaft or Weft Indies^ or Guinea^ they rile in the Morning, and withdraw towards the Evening, >cc Capes ^7 reii ; it' * f! Ml IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V /. A >" rn^.A U.x 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■-IM IIM I- !■■ IIIII22 " lifi IIIIIM 11= U III 1.6 V] <^ /a 'ew ^l o\ ^> ¥^y :"^»>:> °% M Photographic Sciences Corporation .•V (V ip. o '9> S # 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m^ Si y 4: :s ^ i/.x it i 2S Of Sea and Land-Breezes^ Capes and Head Lands have the greateft benefit of them, where they are higheft, rife earlier, and blow later. Bays contrarily have the difadvantage, for there they blowbut ijintly atbeft, and their continuance is but Ihoit. lllands that lye nearelt Eaft and Weft, have the benefit of thele Winds on both fides equally •, for if the Wind is at S. W. or S. W^ & by S. on the South fide of any Illand, then on the North fide it would be at N. W. or N. VV. by N. /. e, in fair Wea- ther ^ but if turbulent Weather it would be E. S. £. on the Southfide, and E. N. E. on the other : But this true Sea-Breeze does not veer 16 far out except only near the Hiore, as about 3 or 4. Leagues diflanr-, jbr farther than that, you will hnd only the right Coafiing Tiade-Wind. lliis I have experienced in leveral Parts of the World, particularly at Jamaicj -, about which I have mnde many Voyages, both on the North and the South fide, where I have experienced the Sea-Breezes very much to ditier •, for on the South fide I have found the true Sea-Wind after 1 2 a Clock, and in very fair Weather at S. or S. S. E. though it Iprung up in the Morning at E. S. E. or S. E. And 0)1 the North fide 1 have found the Sea-Breez at N. or N. N. E. though it rofe in the Morning at E. N.E. but whether there may be the like difference about finaller lllands, as at Bdrbadoes^ &:.c. I cannot determine, tho' I am apt to believe there is not. So much for the Sea -Winds ^ next of the Land- Breezes. Land-Breezes arc as remarkable as any Winds that I have yet treated of ^ they are quite contrary to the Sea -Breezes ^ ^ lor thole blow right from the fhore, bat the Sea-Rreez right in upon the fhore •, And as the Sea-Breezes do blow in the Day and reft in the Night •, fo on the contrary, thele do blow in the Night and reft in the Day, and 16 they do alter nately Of Sea and Land-Breezes. iiately lucceed each other. For when the Sea Breezes have performed their Offices ot the Day, by brea- thing on their refpedive Coails, they in the L vening do either withdraw Ircm the Coafl-, or lye down to rclt ^ '"J hen the Land-Winds whole Oitce it is to breathe in the Night moved by the lame order ot'Di- vine Impulle, do rouze out ct their pih ate reeeiles and gently Ian the Air till the next Morning ^ and then their task er.ds and they lea\ c the Stage. There can be no proper tim.e iu w"hen they do begin in the Evening, or when tliey retire in the Morning, lor they do r.ot keep to an hour ^ but they comimonly Ipring up between 6 and 12 in the Evening, and lait till 6, ^, or 10 in the Morning. They both come and go away again earlier or later, according to the Weather, the Sealon of the Year, or Ibme accidental Caule Ircm the Land : For on Ibme Coails they do rile eailier, blow trefher, and remain later than on other Coails, as I fhall fhew hereaiter. They are called Land-W'inds, bccaule they blow ofF fhore contrary to the Sea-BreeZj nhich way io- ever the Coail lies : Yet 1 wciild not io be iinder- llood, as it" theie W'inds are only four.d to breatiie near the Ihores ct" any Land, and not in the inland Parts ct" iiich Countries remote ircm the Sea :, for in miyTravells I have iound them in the very heait ot" the Countries that 1 have palled through :, as particularly on the lllhmus ot" Dunc??^ and the liland i^jiwuuca : Eoth which places 1 have travelled over iicm Sea to Sea •, yet becaule thele are but Imall Tra8s of Land in ccmparilon with the two main Bodies ot" Land of Mt^xico and Pr;v/, ai:d thole vaft IvLgions in AJia and 4/''7ivlyingwithinthelfopick^', 1 cannot determine whether the Land-W'inds are ihere, as I have iound them in my Imall Travels : ilieieioie I lliall only contine this paiticuku' Dii- courlij %9 =M,i^i ii4l ■ I JO Of Sea and Land-Breezes: courfe to thele and other Places within my own Obfervations. I (hall begin iirlt with the Kthmus of DiUicn •, there I have found the Land-Winds in the middle of the Country blowing all Night, and till I o or 1 1 a Clock m the Morning, betorc 1 could perceive the Sea-Breeze to arile, and that not dilcer- nahle many times, but by the flying of the Qouds, elpecially if I was in a Valley •, and it was in Vaf lies that I did chiefly perceive the Land -Winds, which blew in Ibme places one way, in others contrary, or lide ways to that, according as the Vallies lay pend up between the Mountains ^ and that without any relpecl to either the North or the South Seas, but indeed near either fide of the Land, they always bent their courle towards the neareft Sea, unlefs there was any Hill between them and the Sea, and then they took their Courle along in- the Vallies •, but ifom both ihores, as well from the North as the South they blow right forth into the Sea. In the liland of Jamaica thefe Land-Winds are in the middle of the Country, alio I havis found then ^0^ as I travelled from one fide of the liland to the other, having lain 2 Nights by the way, as I had before obferved them, when I liv'd at 1 6 Miles Walk, where I continued about 6 Months •, but tliere and in other Iflands the Land-Winds do blow towards the neareft fhores, and fo from thence off to Sea, whether the fhore's lye Eaif, Weft, North or South. Thefe Winds blow off to Sea, a greater or lefs diftance according as the Coaft lies more or leis ex- poled to the Sea-Winds : For in fome Places we find them brisk 3 or 4 Leagues off fhore, in other Places not fo many Miles, and in fome Places they fcarce peep without the Rocks, or if they do Ibmetimes in very fair Weather make a fally out a Mile or 2 they are not lafting, but fuddenly vaiufli away, though Of Sea and Land Breezes. though yet there are every Night as frefli LanJ- IVindsamoreat thole Places as in any other part of the World. Places moft remarkable for the feweli or fainted Land-Winds, are thole that lye moll: open to the Common Trade-Winds , as the Ealt ends of any ilkmds where the Trade-Winds do blow in upon the Shore, or the Head-Lands on Illands or Continents that are open to the Sca-Breez, elpccially where the Trade- Wind bloivs down fide w'ays, by the (Joalt-, for there ilich iiead-Lands as liretch fartheil: out to Sea are moll expo led to Wuids frc^m the 6ea ^ and have the lels beneht ot" the Land-Breezes. 1 fhall give a few Infta.nces of either. And firft of all begin with the N. E. andS. E. Points of the llland oijamaicax, Thele Points are at the Ealt end of the llland, one is at the very E^xtreme of the North fide towards the E^alt, the other on the South Ex- tteme towards the fame Point •, at thele two Places we leldom light of a Land- Wind •, nor very often at the end of the llland between them, except near the fhore. E'or that Realbn the Sloop-men of Ja- maica that Trade round the llland are commonly put to their Trumps, when they come there in their Voyages : For if they meet no Land-Wind they are obliged to beat al ^^t Dy turning to wind-ward againtt the 8ea-3reez in the Day time -, they then curie thele Points of Land, and are fbolilhly apt to bclie\ e that fome T^jumon haunts there. And if they are 2 or 3 Days in beating about (as fometimes they are) when they return to ?ort\\ny.il^ they will talk as much of their Fatigues, as if they had been beating a Month to double the Cai^c oj good hopc^ though indeed the Men are brisk enough, and manage their floops very well ^ wdiich alio are ge- nerally very good Boats to fail on a Wind. I think they are the bed finall Ifading-Boats in the Kings Dominions. Point ?t «s i; i jx Of Sea and Laud Breezes, Point Pedro on the Soitthfide of the Ifland, vi another very bad Point to double , if a Ship come from the Weft-end of the liland ^ This Point runs out far into the Sea^ and is not only deftitute of the Common Land-Winds. But if there is any Current letting to Leeward, here the Sloop-men meet it. Thereibre they are many times longer beating about it, then about the nvo former Points of the South Ecifl and the North E^ifl^ and not without be- ftowing fome Curies upon it. Nay, lome Captains of Privateers, when they have been beating about it have flood dole in to the Point, and hred their Guns to kill the old D-jcmo/i that they fay inhabits there to diifurb poor Sea?nen. I have rehired thck odd PaiTages to Ihew how ignorant Men are that can not fee the Reafon of it. And becaule I am nor willing to leave my Reader in the dark, I Ihall give a few Inftances more on this fubje8:. Tiic North fide of Jiicatan^ at the entrance into the Bay of Qwipeachy , gives us another Iniiance of bad Land-Winds ^ and commonlv where the Land-Winds are fcanty, the Sea-Breezes are but indifferent neither This will partly appear by what I have obierved oi' them on this Coaft between Cape Catoach , and Qipe Condejeado at the entrance of the hay o^ Campeachey^ vvhich two places are about Eighty Leagues di- If ant ^ for there the Land trends Eaif and Well It is a Ifreight Coalt and lies all of it equally expofed to the Trade-Wind, w^hich is commonly there at E.N.E. To the W.of thefe Places the Sea and Land-Winds do as duly lucceed each other, as on any other Coalf, but here they are each of them 6f a Baftard kind •, for the 6"ea-Breezes are at N. E. by E. which is no better than a Coalf Trade- Wind, and the Land- Wind is at E, S. E. or S, E. by E. whereas if the Winds were as true there as On other CoaifSj the Sea-Breez would be at N. N. E. fome Of Sea and hand Breezes. fometimes at N. and the Land-VVinds would be at S. S. E. and S. as they are indeed dole under the Ibore i which if they do at any tinne come ofi-'flom, they are very iiiint. The Land on this Coalt is low and even, and the Land-VV inds afhore are pretty brisk. The Capes on the Tcruv'ian Coafl in the South Sea^^ will more fully make it appear, that Head- Lands do feldom aftbrd any Land-VVinds. I Ihall only Inftance in Cupe Pi? (Juo^in Lat. 8 Minutes S^uii\ Qpe St, Laurence^ in Lat. i d. — South^ and dipe bltinco^ in 3 d. — South. I have pals'd by them all leveral times and at different Sealbns •, yet did never hnd any Land-winds there, though between thefe Places there are very good Land-winds. Therefore Ships that fail to the Southward againlt tlie Breez, muft beat it about by hard Labour, efpecially about Ope Blanco^ for that lyes more expofed than the other 2: and if there is any Current, as commonly, the Spaniards are a long time getting about, fome- times a Fortnight or 3 Weeks ^ and when they have fplit their Sails ^ which are ieldom very good, they run back to GuiaquUl to mend them again. We I found it hard getting about, tho' our Sails were good •, and I think we could work our Ships better than the Spaniards are ever able to do in thofe I have already given feveral Inflances of fuch Places, as have no Land-VVinds, or at lealt but very I ordinary ones ^ 1 fhall next proceed in order to fhe\^ where the ftrongelt or belt Land- Winds are met With \ and then 1 Ihall fpeak of thofe Places where •here blows a moderate and indiiierent Gale between both Extreams : That 16 any one may judge by tha lying of the Land, whether it may attord a good Land-wind or no. ^J •^'•\\ !. lir feH'^l'i: Cec th« m'"^^' r j 34 Of Sea andhand Breezes, The biiskt'il: Land-winds are commonly in deep Bays, in great Lakes within Land, and among great Ranges ot li lands or iiiiall Keys that lye near the Ihore : 1 Ihall give Inl^ances of all thele. And as fur Bays, II hall tirlt pitch on the Bay of Campeachy^ which lies betweeti dipc Comlecedo and the High- Land ot" St. Mdriin ^ between both thele Places the Land-winds are as brisk 2 or ;-; Leagues ofF at Scd^ as hi any Place that I know. In the Cod or Middle of the Bay, the Land trends from Eaff to VVeit, there the Sea-Breezes are at North, and the Land- winds at South ^ they commonly begin to blow at 7 or 8 a Clock in the Evening, and continue till 8 or p the next Morning, in the dry Sea/on elpecially, In that Bay there is an liland, calPd by the Englilh Beef-lfland from the multitude of Bulls and Cows that inhabit it. The fmell of thele wild Cattle is driven oft' to Sea^ by the Land-winds fo freiTi, that by it Maifers of Ships failing in the Night on this Coaft have known where they were, and have pre fently anchored that Night, and come into the Ifland| of 'In ft the next Day •, whereas they would other- wile have pad farther to the VVeflward quite ojti of their way, if they had not finell'd theftroiigfcent| of thefe Cattle. So all the bottom of the Bay of Mexico., eveni from the High-Land of St^Mcirtimi^own to Laver!i\ Cruz., and from thence Northerly towards the River Mcjchijipi affords good Land-winds and Sea-breezes. The Bay of Honduras alio, and almoft all the Coaft between it and Cape laVela^ affords the like,, al- lowing for the Capes and Points of Land, which lye between •, where it tails more oriels, as the Fointshx lye more or lels expoled to the Sea-Breezes. • So in the Soiab Seas.^ the Bays of Panama^ Gdl {iqu'il^ Faita^ &:c. have their frefli Land-winds and SeaJ breezes. Bi t in fome Places, as particularly at Faiuj the Liind wMs do iiotfpring up tUl 12 a flock' the Ni rill 7 confian Fana)?iu other, « they an are in tJ The ] of the for inffc or 10 Le the Sea 1 blow in the Even two othe from it winds an Nay, for in the huk ^Ita Vela. Tiie like 1 or Coma/Id Someti: Land-wine together, there • th( Mow freff tirr.es fhou ^ould be iiand at G Breezes, than the S ^e forget ^'ery good _ jide with a ^ands at ti in deep ng great near the And as mpeuchy^ he High- Places th^i F at 5<'j, r Middle to Welt, the Land- D blow at inue tllU efpecially. the Englilli and Cows i Cattle is frelh, that ght on this id have pre o the Wand | ^ould other- quite oJtl iftrongfcent Of Sea and Latid-Breezcs, the Night, but then arc always very lie! li, acJ h[\ till 7 or 8 the next Morning • and they arc conflant all the Year long : VV hcrcas in the \hy of ?cmama^ and alio in all the Bays .\\\\ Coails ///. There the Land-winds blow in the dry i^tuijon from 5 or 6 a Clock in the Evening, till 5? or 10 in the Morning. There arc nvo other Lagunes lying within that, and parted ii:om it by low Mangrove -Land-, thei'c the Land- winds arefreCher and the Sea-Breeze duller, and of a lefs continnance, than in the Lagunc of Dijh Nay, Ibmetimes the Land-wind blows all Day ^ 16 in the Lagune of Mdracnybo to V Vind-ward of Cape Alt a Velci^ the Land-winds are very iirelh and lallinh^. The like may be faid of the Lagune of / ^cmziuiLi or Comana, Sometimes in the fore-mentioned Lagancs^ tlie Land-winds do blow for 3 or 4 Days and Nigiits together, Icarce liifiering the Sea-Breez to breath there ^ thougli at the lame time the Sea-Breez may blow frefh out at Sea : and if the Sea-Breez at fuch times fhouk^ make a bold Saiiy into thefe Lag:inrs\x. vvould be but of a Ihort continuance. On the other hand at Gapes and liead-Lands more expofed to Sea- Breezes, tlie Land-winds are Ihier of coming tiiere, than the Sea-winds are into LagLnes. iNeltlier may we forget the Harbour of Jamaica^ ior there arc very good Land-winds. It is compaiFei in on one iide with a long Nock of Sand, and many Ihiall iflands at the mouth of it, and widiin there'is a C c c 2 pretty 35- r • «ii 3« I Of Sea and Land Breezes. "irctty deep Lake, in. vvhicli are conftant Sea and .and-winds, by which tlie Wherry-men tun with till! lail, both to i.t;i;j;;/v' or FdlJ blows when we Calm ^ both fidei help us out of th( prefently, there we Thele fi wide ^ r thde Hei the Bays, where-evei the Sea, But in ail into theL V f Of Sea and hand-Breezes. found. I fliall r.ext give lomc Iiiilances of the Medium between both Hxtreams. 1 have already lliewn that C'a|X's and fueh Me id Lands as lye Ait firtheli: troHi theielt nf the (lioic, are thereby molt cxpoied to tin: Seavvirid.>, and con- lequently the Land-winds are tlKie much fiintcr than in otlier Places, elpecially in deep Bays or La- gunes within Land, or among lllands and InuU Keys near the Land ^ All which is no more than my own Experience has taught me. I Ihall now flievv how the Land-winds blow on Coaiis that do lye more level. As all Coafts have their Points and bendmgs , fo accordingly the Land-winds are ireiher or taintji, as you come eithcT towards thefe bendings or towards intermitting Points or Head-Lands. I Ihall give an Intiance of this by Hiewing how the VVinils arc on the Coait of C/A/av^y. it is a^ Itreight a Shore as I can pitch on, yet full of fmall Bays, divided from each other by a like number ot" Ridges of High-Land, that (hoot forth their Heads a little way without the Bays on each fide. There in the Night or Morning, while the Land-wind blows, we Hnd fi:efh Gales out of the Hays: but when we comeabreafl: of the Head-Lands, w^e find it Calm ^ yet fee the Breez curlir.g on the Water on both fides of us, and ibmetimes get a fpiirt of it to help us forward : and having recovered the Wind out of the -next Bay, we pals by the Mouth of it preiently, till we come to the next Head ^ and there we lye becalmed as before. Theie Bays are not above half a Mile or a Mile wide ^ neither are the Heads mucli wider: but th^fe Heads of the Ridges lying in between the Bays, have fleep CliiB againlt the Sea-, and where-ever I have met the like fteep Cliffs againlt the Sea, I have leldcm found any Land-VVinds. But io all other Places where the Bays ifrilve deeper into the Land, there we tind the Land-winds more C c c 3 lalting 17 'A\ 'h '^'Vi '-'1 '• i^M i' .V ) : 3 S ' Of Sea and Land-Breezes. lading and ftrong-, and where the Points arc farther our, there arc Hill the lefs Land-winds, and the brisker Sc;i Bree7.es. tor the (^apes and fmaller Points on all Ihores (eem to be fo many Barricadoes to break oii'the violence of the Sea-Breezes^ for this we always find when we are turning to VV^ind-ward bein^; to Leeward of a Cape, that the Breez is moderate, Specially if we keep very near the fhore ^ but when oixj we come within a Mile, more or lels of the (ape and Ihindoff to Sea, as fbon as we get without it, we find fuch a hulhng Breez, that ibmc- times we arc not able ro ply againfl it, but in the "Night wc find a irefh Land-wind to Leeward-, tho' wl'ijii we come to the Cape we find it Calm-, or pcrhiaps ioirictimes meet with a Sea-wind. The Land- Breczes on the Coaft of Gic'wca between Cape St, Arms :\rA Cafe Fiilmas^ (mentioned in the lecond Ch.ifter of this Difcourle,) are atE. blowing brisk 4 I cigue^"otf ihore : the Sea-winds there are at S.VV. "i'he Land winds on the Coali of /l//^^/ are atE. N. E the Sea-wii'ds atVV. S. VV. theiearc very true Winds of both kinds. The Land-winds on the Coafl: of Fern and Mcx- tro m ilic South Sciis^ are in moft Places right ofF i:rm tl";e (Lore, elle the Fifher-men could never go out to Sea, as they do, on Bark Loggs. And as the Lard winds are true tliere, fo are the Sea-Breezes alfo -, lor with the Land-wind they go out to Fifh, ar;d return in again with the Sea-wands. In Ibme Places they uie Seals Skins inftead of Bark Loggs ^ they are made io tight that no Bladder is tighter. 1 o lIicIc they have long Necks, like the Neck of a Bladder, into which they put a Pipe and blow them lip, as we do Bladders -, two of thele being faftned together, a Man lets a-flride them, having one be- Ibre ar.d the other behind him ^ and fb fits firmer than in a Troopers Saddle. His Padle is like a Quarter^ Of Sea and handEreezcs, Quartcr-ftaff, with a broad Blade at each end- with tills he lUikes the Scd back, tirll on one fide, and then on the other, with each end of his Paddle, and lo gives himlelf trelh way through the Water. In the E.ijl hid'ies al fo there are true Sea-Breezes a? well on the lUands, as on the main. On illands,' as at Bantcim in the llland Juvu^ and at AcJ)iri in the llland Sumatru^ and in many Places on the \[\m(hMindando \ And on the main allo,as particularly at lort St. George on the Coalt ^uromandcl. There the Land-winds blow right oft' from the ihore, and the Sea-winds right in •, but fometimcs they come flanting in •, and about Chnfivhis they blow liom the N. E. or N. N. E. I found them 16 when I came on the Coaft, and being adviied of it by Mr. Coventry in whole Sloop I then was, I fell in with the Land 10 or 12 Leagues to the Northward of the Fort, and had a brisk Northerly Sea-wind to bring me into the Road. I think thele Inffances are enough to fliew how thefe Land-winds do ufually blow in moft parts of the World ^ fhould I be very particular, 'tis not a larger Treatife than I intend this to be, would hold a quarter-part of it. But I have been more particular in the Weji Indies and South Seas^ becaufe thele Land-winds are of more ule there than in the Eaji Indies : For though fbmetimes Men in the EaJ} In- dies do turn againft the Monfoones^ yet they do ge- nerally tarry tor them before they budge. Indeed thefe Winds are an extraordinary blelUng to thole that uie the Sea in any part of the World, within the Tropicks ^ for as the conftant Trade- winds do blow, there could be no failing in thele Seas ; But by the help of the Sea and Land- Breezes, Ships will fail 2 or 3 hundred Leagues •, as particularly ftom Jamaica^ to the Lagune of Trift^m C c c 4. the 59 If , ' .V 11; ays toge- vinds be- and blow ) or 1 1 at Nght Of Winds feculiar to feme Coafis, &c Night till 3 in the Morning 'tis quite Calm and not one breath of Wind from a Laigue diitant off the Ihore -, tho' 3 or 4 further ofFyou'l find the Bre«;z, and nearer a irnall Land-wind. Thefe Winds are at E. N. E. as the Common Trade is •, whereas the Sea-Breezes are at N. E. by N. or N.N. E. While thefe fierce Winds ftay,tlie Sky is commonly clear without any Cloud to be ^c^n •, tho' doubtlels 'tis imperceptibly hazy, for then the Sun does not give a true black fhade on the Ground, but very faint and dusky. The Horizon too looks very dusky, thick and hazy, and while the Sun is near the Horizon, either in the Morning or Evening, it looks very red. Sometimes, though but feldom, when thefe V Vinds blow the Sky is over-caft with fmall Clouds, which afford fome drizling fmall Rain. But though thefe Winds are fb fierce on the Coaft of Girthagemi^ yet both to Wind-ward and to Leeward at the di- ftances before-mentioned, the Breezes blow moderate as at other times. For the Sea and Land-winds do there keep their conflant and regular Courfes. Nei- ther are the Coafts of Hifpamo/a or Jamaica troubled with thefe fierce Winds, any nearer than half Chan- nel over, as was faid before. It has not been my fortune to have been on this Coaif when thefe Winds have blown, yet I have had the Relation of it fo ofi:en,and from lb many Perfons that I am very well fatisfied of the truth of it : Nay, it is fb generally known among the Jamaica Seamen and Privateers, that they call a Talkative Ferjon in (^Qxifion^'dCarthagena-Breeze. I remember 2 or 3 Men that went by thatName,andIknewthembynoothei3 tho' I was in the fame Ship with them leveral Months. Some of our Englifh Frigots that have been lent ro Jamaica have experienced thefe Breezes, when the Go- vernour has fent them upon bufineis to that Coaff : For plying betw^een fortobello and Carthagena^ when they have been within 10 Leagues of G/;7^^?^^/7J, they have 4? '\ \<\ m ■ i-..\ 1 ■ i; if : ki Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafts^Scci have met with the Sea Breez fo ftrong that they have been forced to rift' their Topfail, whichever! then they could not maintain, but have been obliged to furle it quite up ^ and fo with only their lower Sails, which fometimes they have been forced to riff* too, have been beating 8 or lo Days, to get only fo many Leagues ^ which tho' at laft tney have done, yet has it been with much trouble, and not without damage to their Sails and Rigging. Neither can I forget a S(j[ua- dron of French Frigots, Commanded by the Count de Eflrees^ that came to Jamaica^ and demanded leave of the Governour to Wood and VVater there •, which be- caule it leemed flrange that they fhould want in coming only from Fct'it Guavas-^ it was demanded of them why they came from thence fo ill provided>They faid they went from Feiit Gitavus over to the Coaft of Carthagena^With. a defign to have plyed to Wind- ward under that Ihore, but met the Breezes fo hard on the Coaft, that they were not able to hold up their fides againft it,and for that Reafonitood back again towards Tetit Gudvas •, but not being able to fetch it, there- fore they came to Wood and Water at Jamaica^ de- figning to go from thence thro' the Gulph : And tho' the Pilots 0^ Jamaica did all conclude that the Breeze- time waspaft by more than a Month, yet the Gover- nour gave them leave to Wood and Water at BlevQ- fields Ba}\^\A fent one Mr. Stone to be their Pilot thi- ther. This was in i^yp. and in one of our Summer Months, but I can't tell which, tho** I was there. In the South Sea? on the Mexican Coaft, between Caj)e B/anco in the Lat. of pD. 56M. North,and Rea- leja^ in Lat, 1 1 North , which two Places are about 80 Leagues dilbnce, there are Winds which blow only in the Months of Aiay^ June and J/^/k, call'd by the Spaniards Fopogaios, They blow Night and Day without intermiflion , fometimes 3 or 4 Days or a Week together. They are very brisk VVinds,' but not violent : i have been in one of them when we went went fi in my which IntH uri w they bl Winds t only in quite { Winds Mornin withou Days to are very of all ' Blooms the Wof Weft, a July ani tho' the When tl pleatli their V I have when th they ha by the( notwith the Inh their Si been pj and.Hai Sands v annoyai who ca wheel ; flies lik U Of Winds peculiar tofome Coafts, &c. went ftom G//^(^'A/ Bay, bound to Kf^/Ayj mentioned in my Voyage round the World, Chap. 5. Pag. 118. which blew at North In thQ Eiiji Imlies on the Coafi of CIvw;/ jM7,there are Winds call'd by xYiQFortitguifuTcrre/ws^ becaule they blow from the La^d, Thele are not thole La/id- Windsxhsx I have already treated of-, for thef^ blow only in June July and Aug. and arc in leveral refpeds quite contrary to them. For whereas the true l.atid- Winds blow only in the Nightjincluding Evenings and Mornings^ on the contrary, thele blow 3 or 4 Days without intermiflion -, nay, ibmetimesa Week or 10 Days together : and as tlie true No^lurnal handimnds are very cold, on the contrary thele are the hottdt of all Winds lever heard of: They come with hot Blooms, liich as I have mentioned in my Voyoge round the Word^ Chap. 20. Pag. 530. Thefe Winds arc ar Wefl^ and they blow only in the Months o'i Juni\ July .and Augufl^ which is the }Vej\ Monfoon-Seafon^ the' the proper Monfoon then on this Coaft is S. VV. When thefe hot Winds come the better fort oi* Peo- ple at JFi?/ ; «S/. George keep dole : They alio Ihut up their Windows and Doors to keep them out ^ and I have heard Gentlemen that lived there lay, thut when they have been thus Ihut up within Doors, they have been fenlible when the Wind fhiftvd by the Change they have felt in their Bodies. And notwithltanding that thele Winds are fo hot, yet the Inljiabitants don't fweat while they lalt, for their Skins are hard and rough, as if they had been parched by the Fire, elpecially their Faces and. Hands, yet does it not make them lick. I'he Sands which are railed by thele Winds are a great annoyance to thole whole bulinels lyes abroad, and who can't keep their Houfes. For many times they wheel about, and raife tlie Sands lo thick, that it flies like liioiik in People^ Eyes , and the Ships alio that 47 Jj'fij 'in [\ :V, ■M n m i 48 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coaftsy dccl that lie in the road at that time have their Decks covered with this Sand, O'l the Coaft 0^ Malabar they have of thefe forts of Winds alfo, but not at the fame thie of the Year. For as thefe on the Coaft of Core- niandcl blow in the Months of June^ July and Auguj{ , when the \Vej\ Monjoon Reigns 5 on the contrary on the Malabar Coalt, they blow in the Months of December , January and February , when the Eaft or North Eaft Monjoon blows: for then the Eafterly Wind, which is then the true Monjoon comes over from the hand of this Coaft •, This being the Wcftjde^ as the Coaft of Coromandcl is the EajlJiJe of this long Eaft Indian Promontory. The Ferjian Gulph is as remarkable for thefe hot Winds as either of the former^ they come there in the Months of June^ July and Au- guft in the Weft Monjoon time ^ and the heat there by all Accounts does by far exceed that on the other two Coafts. The European Merchants that are employed in the Ports within the King of Ferjia his Dominions , do leave their Coaft , Habitations and Bulinels there , during thefe hot Months , and fpend their time at IJpahan till the Air is more agreeable to their Bodies •, but their Servants mult indure it. And if any Ships are there, then the Seamen alfo muft do as well as they can. Tis reported the Commanders do keep Bathing-Troughs full of Water to lye and wallow in, and hide their Bodies from the noifbm hot Blooms. I was never in any of thefe hot Winds^ for I went from fort St, George before they came on the Coall:. Ont of La J for the their are call them f but moi rienced His Ma Requeft, count : his own tans^ he that Co; SIK, I have Gout : ing your j i^ vered^ Ij of the Ha Circumfta/ blowing PS the beginn Seajons^ cold^ Jhar} of the t becks oj c M open J d Caulking vhich cond. tan blows^ very rarely ohjervedor cloje again Tbe Nativ Decks : forts of tine of Df Core- 'illy and i on the in the ?bruary , blows : then the Land of he Coaft )n^ Edji Of Winds peculiar to fome Coaft s, • On the Coalt of Guinea there are a particular ((")rt of Land-winds, which are very remarkable ^ hoc for their Heat, as thofe laf|--inentioiied , but tor their exceeding Cold and Searching Nature. They are called Harmatans. I have had an Account of them from feveral who have Traded to Uin//cj ^ but morcefpccially fiom a very SenHble and Fxpe- rienced Gentleman^ ^\v.Grccnhill^ CommillioiKr uf His Majefties Navy at ?ortf mouth •, vvlio upon niy Requeft, was plealed to fend me the lollowing Ac- count: which the Reader cannot have better than in his own Words. Where, together with tlie hnrw.i- tans^ he gives an Account alio of" all the Windii on that Coalt. Mr. QrecnhilPs Letter. 49 For thele tiey corns ind Au- the heat eed that tnployed rfia his Citations onths , the Air It their bifs are as well iders do to lye im the Ihefe hot re they I Have been very ill fine e my return Home with the Gout •, Jo that I have not been 'capable of anjwcr- ing your Exfettat'wn : But being a little better reco- vered^ Ifhall make a^ good a return to your Enquiry of the Harmatans on the Coafl of Guinea , as my Qrcumftances will permit. The ufual Time of their blowing PS between the latter part of December, and the beginning of February •, before and bey end nohich Seafons^ they never exceed. They are of fo very cold^ fharp and pierci?ig a l^ature , t])dt the Seams- of the Floors of our Chambers and the Sides and Decks of our Ships (as far as they are above Water) will open fo wide^ oi' that with facility you iuay put a Caulking Iron a confldcrable way into the 77! ^ in which condition they continue fo long ai tJ'e Harma- tan blows^ (which is fomefmies two or three , and "oery rarely five Days^ ivhichisthe vc}y ut7?:oft lever ohjei'ved or heard oj) and when they are gone ^ they dofe again and arc as tight ^ as if it never had been. The Natives the mf elves and allFerfons who inhabit D d d thojo f^ £ t Of Winds p&culiat tofome Coajlsl ihofc piirts (diinnji that JI?ort Sdifon) to prevent tJiar pcrmcious Ejjetts^ arc ob/ij^rc/ to confine them- J elves uithin Drors '^ jvhere they em/ejvour their o:vn /i't//;v/^\ by renchini^ their ILihitut'wns ci* clnfc and 'iKf/penrtnihk i7ipi]fli!'^e : A en her xoi// i hey once Jlir ubroiid^ utile I s mJucil thereto hy a more than or di- iuiry Occdjion, It ha^ dejlrKclivr to the Cattle aljo •, uh.je Jiifc Guard conj/jh in their Proprietors Care^ icho again jl th/c Sf'^Cnn ought to Provide Jonie Jiich like place for tl Otherwife they mufl expett but a pi It if ul Account ichen the Seajon is over ^ for it niofl certainly dcjlroys thew^ and that in a veryfmt time. This I accidentally experimentedby extwfing a couple of Goats to the AJperity thereof-^ which in four hours Jpacs or thereabouts^ zGcre deprived of Life, Kay^ we our f elves Qinlefs affijled by the. like Convent' ency^ and the benefit of fome fweet Oyls tocorre&thc Air) cannot fetch our Breath fo freely as at other times •, but are almofl fuffocated with too frequent and Acid "Re/pi rat ions. They generally blow betzveen the E. and E. A^. E. fo the Northward oj ivhich they never exceed^ being the jnoft fettled and fiedJy ( but frefh ) Gale^ I ever objerv'd •, coming wit l}out Thunder^ Lightning or Rain -^ but clofe gloomy Weather •, the Sun not fhining all the time : And zvhen they expire^ the Trade-w^ind (zvhich conjiantly blcws on that Coaft at W. S, IV. and S, W,) returns with the accujfomary feafonablenefs of Weather. The Coaft of Africa from Cape Palmas to Cape Formofa, lies E. andE, by N. and near thofe Feints the Land Breezes blozio on that Coaft., which commonly begin about feven in the Evening., and continue all Nighty till near that time the next Morning : During which interval^ we are troubled with ft in king le'ogs and jMifts off Shore., zvhich by return of the Scd- Breezes upon the ojppofre Points are all driven away-, and Of Winds peculiar tofome Coafts. and we have the benefit of theni^ in a aoions frrJJ) Gdlc^ till about 5 /// the Afternoon. And here let me Note it f>r u ^(^rnerul Ol'/iTra- tion^ That in theje and all other V laces zcithin /he Tropicus (ojf far a* ever I took notice) the Wind /s drawn by the Land, lor if an Ifland or Head I .an J^ were inclining to a circular Yorni^ the Sea and l.md. Breezes fall in Diametrically appofite to that part tvhere you are. So that if you are on the South ft h\ the Sea-Breez J})all be at South^ and the l.andBreez {when it comes in its Seafon ) at North. In getting on the Coaj}^ we endeavour to fall in with Cape Mount ^v' Cape Milcrada, ivhich ps about 18 Leagites to theE.S. taJJward thereof:, and ajter that we double Cape Palmas {whence as afore faid^ the hand trends away E. by N.) the Current near the Jhore fets upon that Point down into the Bite. But in getting 0^.^ zve 'o^ much attempt {if fo/Jibk) to lay hold of St. Thomas •, and thence to run to the Southward of the Line, perhaps 3 or 4 Degrees ^ for the further Souther/y we go^ the flronger zor find the Gales , and more beneficial for getting oft the African Coajl ^ but thofe who keep to the Northward thereof^ generally meet with 7nore Calms • and con- fequently longer Voyages enfue. In or about ihoje La- titudes we continue^ till we are got between 25 and 30 Degrees to the IVeftzvard of Cape Lopez de Gonlalvo, and then we crofs again to go e/ther fr England t J\'h\ Dampier calls it.) The/e are mighty plenty on the Cciift of Angola and at Madagalcar, and between Cape Lopes de Gonfalvas and the River Gabon. 2hiy are Jhaped as he defcribes them. As to what he faith p. 73. 1 have found the Indians in the Gulph of tlon&d^offering falfe Ambergriece to fale^ and particularly in Lat.2'yd. zvhere in the Tear ^^93' Jevcral of our Men were cheated with it. What Xilm Teople fiid of iiea e.\ Thei. very fa Coafl if The . at the C p. 541.^ Molinb( Iflml d Vdffag came Jo and% d, of Lunc iit S. 5. [ met voitl if Albic members (liverfion The othe jrefh : a empty h till we \ Eajtzvaro April 27 frc/J) Gai Current, CiUight m ftrong E Jhong to The C S. and Lc of Lund] for Jamj When frcfl) Gall nfequently rvant, reenhUL eptable to Dm an Ex- ley have a J upon, as Lilar. Covant of h you were • I have th my time, IV wg found As p. 65. lemora (^ plenty on nd between )er Gabon. the Indhtm )ergriece to in the Tear )ith it. What Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafis. What M/\ Damp^cr faith of the Lazinefs of the Veople of Mindanao, p. 326. the very fame may be fiiJ of the Feople of Loango on the Coajl of Gui- nea exatlly. Their Jtianner of Worflnp^ 7ncntioncd p. 3 38. /V the very fame with vohat I have feen at Algicr, on the Coafl if Barbary. The 'Kotlurnal Dancings ttfed by the Hottantotts at the Cape of Good Hope every YuU andKem Moon^ p.'^^i, are a/fopraliifed by the Inhabitants ofLoin^% Molinbo ^WCabendo. lfl)all give you the trouble of a fmall Relation of a Fajfage to Lodngo in the Tear 165? 3. When zve came fo far to the Southward as 2 d. ^om. N, hat. dnd% ^,25 ;;/. Longi, WefHvard from the Meridian of Lundy, // being 3 ifi ^/ March we had fmall Wij^id at S. S, W. and S. JV. withJJwwers of Rain, There zoe met imth prodigious fhoals of ¥ifh^ conjifiing chiefly if Albicores and Bonetoes. There were alfo great numbers of Sharks ^ fome 10 or 12 Foot long. For (liverfon ive cat ch\l above an 100 of them at times. The other Fiji} we took as we had occafion fnfl) and frefk : and one day we caught a Barrel of them with empty Hooks. Theje fhoals of Fifh kept m Company till we v:ere under the Equator in hong. 4 ^. 3 m. Eaflzvard of the Meridian of Lundy. Th/s was April 27. zve had the Winds at S. E. and S. E. by E, frcjl) Gales and clear Weather iy but a ttiighty Leezvard Current, At the Fijloes parting with us that day^ I caught an Alhicovi^ that weighed J '^\. It is a mighty ftrong Fijh^ fo that the Fijhing-Craft mufi be very jhong to take them. The City of Loango / find to lye inLat. 4 ^.30 w. S. and Longi. iSflC 8 ;;;. Eaftzvard from z/?// Meridian of Lundy ; from whence I took my departure, bound fur Jamaica, 08:. 7. 16 p^. When zirfnd the Winds South, S, by W. andSS.W. frefJ) Gales ^ veer able to S. W, and back to South^ ii:e D d d 4 Jiand 5S 'm^ J 6 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coaftu fland off to the Weflward with Larboard Tacks on board^iillwe get i^d. Long, to the Weflward oj Lo- ango. And there we find the Winds veer able from $. S. E. to S. E.frefh Gales, When we get 34 ^. to the Weflward of Loango, we are then 1 6 d, Weflward from the Meridian of Lundy ; And there we find the Winds veer able from S. E,by E, to E. by 5. and Eaft ^ and fo they continue blowing frefh a^ iQeflill run to the Weftimird between the Lat. of 3 and 4 d. South ^ till vjejTjakc the i/7^;;/^ Fernando de Noronho, n^hich I find to lye in Lat, 3 a'. 54 ;;?. 30 y[ South. And by the Experience of two Voyages have found its Longi.4.0 d. ^9 w, Weflward from Loango, and 22 d. 51 ;;/. frum //.v Meridian of \jin<^.Y , This Ifland appears i^ith avery high pyramid. And when zve come clofe to it^ the Py- ramid looks like a large Cathedral, On the A'. W. fide is a f mall hay to anchor in. But flfips mufl come prciiy near the fhore^ becaufe it is deep Water, Here is plenty of Yijh, And on the J fland is fome frefh Water , and lovo fhrubs of Trees, We could fee no living Creature on it hut Dogs. It was for- merly inhabited by the Portuguele^ but the Dutch having then War with them^ took it^ and carried the Portuguefe all away. The Body of the Ifland I judge to be about 4 Miles long.^ lying N. E, andS, W. near on the Korth fide are fome Rocks .^ pretty high above Water ^ and many Birds ^ as Sea-Gul'.s and Man-of-War-Birds (which are fomething like our Kkts in England ) I find the Current Jets flrong to the A'. W\ The variation very little. Ironi thence I fleered A'. W. with frefh Gales 5. E. and at E. S.E. in order to crcfis the Equator^ and defigning to make the IflandTohd^o : Which by my Run fro- 1 the afore- /aid Jfiand^ I find to lye in Lat, 11 d. ^-:^m. Aorib, Longi. Weflward of Fernando, 2% d 19 m.~J^. The Meridia n diflance from Ferna ndo 1 7 2 1 Miles - v and by my reckoning or Journal Tobago is Wefl from- the Meridian of the Jjle of Lundy 5 1 (/. 10 m, ^-v. Of Winds peculiar to fome CoaHs. In thir Pajpfge betzveen the fa'id iflands ice find jl range Rippling and Cockling Scas^ ready to leap in upon the Ships Deck ^ i^hich snakes us think the Otr- rent to be flrong : And it Jecms to be occafioncd by the great River on the main hand-^ which is not far from us in thi^s Faffage. Tobago is an high Ifland vcith a brave Jandy Bay on the 5. TV. fide ^ where the Dutch had formerly a great I'ort^ till mole fie d by the Y.nglifh in the Im Dutch War. From this Ifland \ fhapedmy Qourfe for Jamaica, and found the ]^. E\ Corner to lye in Lat. i8 d. North ^ and in Long i. IVcJi from Tobago 1 3 d. The Meridian diftance from To- bago is -j^^ Miles VVefl. In our paffage we Jaw no Land or Ifland^ till we made the N. E. end of Jdindicd : which lyeth in Long!. Weft from //;^ Meridian ^Lun- dy 6<\d. 10 ;;/. and Weft from the City of Loango %2 d. iS ;;/. lfi)all only add that I am of Opinion that //)6' Galiopagos Iftands do lye a great deal further to the VVefiward than ^//r Hydrographers^(^/?A;a^ the?n^ according as Mr. Dampier hints^ p. ico of his Voy- ■ige round the World. I am^ Portbury, OHob. 20, 1698. SIR, Your moft humble Servant, John Covant, P;irt of a fecond Letter from Captaki Covant ^ dated ixom Briftol^ Decemb. 10. i^py, LETTER 11. SIR, YUurs of the 6th Inft ant came to my Hands ^ with the enclofed Queries, which JJhall endeavour to Jwer in part^ a^ far as 7tiy memory imllaffift me^ being now from home^ and at a diftance from tiry Jour- ?iah\ &.C. Anfweis 57 '-*>, M m w^ * ■'■; ' ■ My 8 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafts, Anfwers to the Queries. 1 The Comma;? TradQ'Wmds on the Coafl ^/Angola, blow from the 5. W. to Souths till about 12 d. Long, from the Meridian of the Ifle ^Lundy. 2. 1 have foimd them alzvays in the fame ^carter ^ andnot fuhjetlto fhtft in allihetme I have life d this Codfl •, except that at a fmall diftance off the flwre^ they are fomctmes a Foint more to theVVeflward, 3. The Dry Sealbn <7-7 this Ccajl 1 ohjerved to be from, the latter end of h\ivX to September ^ thd" fom^- timcs intermixed with fame pleajant fhovoers of Rain. I cannot he Jo f ungual as to the time of the Wet Scafons. 4. The true Sea-Rrcez I have commonly found here io he from W.S, W, to W, by S, if it be fair Wea^ ther : and the Land Breez is at E. by N. But if a Tor- mdo happens^ it cau/es the W'inds tojbift all rourJ theCompafs^ and at laft it fettles at S. VV, zvhich/^ the former true Trade Wind. I am yours m John Covant^ CHAP. fls. ^/Angola, 2 (f, hong, ? ^iarte)\ ? ujed this the JJjore^ l:ward. ^ved to be tW foni€- r of Raw, ^ the Wet found here fair IVea- if a Tor- all rou'nd \ vihichk 59 :hap. CHAP. VI. Of Storms. Storms left frequent^ hut more fierce between the Tropicks, Prefages of their coming. Of Norths ^the Timei and Places where they blovp : Signs of their approach: NBankjA Chocolatta North. A North leneficial to Ships going from Campeachy to Jamaica. A very uncommon way of wearing a Ship in a North, Of Souths, the limes and Places where they Blow. A Defer iption of a South at Jamaica, and at the Bay 0/ Campea- chy : Much tifh kjlVd by that Storm. Of Hurricanes. A Defcription of a terrible one at Antegoe, where abundance of Fifh and Sea Fowles were dejiroyed by it. The difference be- tween North Ban\s, and the Clouds before an Hurricane : the latter adorned with radiant Co- lours. Tuffoons in the Eaft-Indies the fame with Hurricanes in the Weft. OfMonfoons in the Eaft-Indies. A Storm, called by the Por- tuguefe, the Eiephanta, which is the 'violent- eji Monfoon of that Seafon. STorms within the Tropicks are generally- known to us by Ibme Name or other, to di- ftinguifh them from other common Winds : and though Storms are not fb frequent there, as they are in Latitudes nearer the Poles^yet are they neverthelefs expe£led yearly in their proper Months^ and when they do come ^ they blow exceeding tierce, though f],- ! ■''M ♦ i:| tt- I! 60 Of Storms. though indeed fome years they do not cottie at all, or at lealt do not blow with that fiercenefs as at other times. And as thele Winds are commonly very fierce, fo are they but of a fhort continuance, in c^mparifon with Storms that we meet with in higher Latitudes. In the WeJ} Indies there are tliree forts , viz. 'Norths^ Souths , and Hurnca/ies : In the Euji- Indies there are only two forts, viz, Monfoones and Tuffoones. All thefe forts of violent Storms, except the 'Korths., are expelled near one time of the year; and this is taken notice of by tliole that have been in any ot them ^ that they give certain Prefages of tneir being at hand, ieveral hours before they come. Norths are violent Winds, that frequently blow in the Bay 0^ Mexico from Otloher till march : They ate chichy expe£led near the full or change of the Moon, all that time of the year, but they are moft violent in December and January. Thele Winds are rot confined to the Bay ot Mexico only, but there they are moft frequent, and rage with the grea- telt Violence. They blow on the North fide of Qtlhi very fierce too, and. in the Gulph of Florida-^ as alio about Hifpanio/a^ Jamaica^ &c. and in the Channel between Jamaica and Portabe/-^ and in all the Weft Indian Sea between the Iflands and the Main, as high as the Ifland Trinidado. But from Jamaica Eaftward, except on the North fide of the Ifland Hijpaniola^ they blow no harder than a pret- ty brisk Sea Wind. They are here at W. N. W. or N. W. though in the Bay 0^ Mexico they blow ftrongeft at N. N. W. and this is the Seafon of Wef- terly Winds in thefe Eaft parts of the Weft Indies^ as I have before noted in the third Chapter of thisDif courfe. \ fhall be moft particular of them that blow in the Bay of Mexico^ and what Signs they give us before hand. Commonly CoiT ferene a that to( Trade \ atS.W comes, extraorc fore a ] Flood, Sea Fov over the to do, Signs CO proachii able Sig N.W.: degrees even anc the Clo remains without Days be: above li This ( but in t not appe glifh Se^ fuch a < Months a Storm fuch a ' Evenings but very for a Nc Cloud. South, \ While t the Sou Of Storms. Commonly before a North the Weather is vetv fereneandfair,the Sky clear^ and but little Wind^ and that too veering from its proper Point,or the common Trade Wind of the Coaft : and breathing gently at S. at S. W. and Well: a Day or two befbie the North comes. The Sea alfo gives notice of a Storm, by an extraordinary and long Ebb. For a Day or two be- fore a North, there will be hardly any dilcernable Flood, b«t a conllanr e^:bingof the Sea. And the Sea Fowls alio before a Storm, do commonly hover over the Land, which they do not at other times iife to do, in fuch great flights and numbers. All thefe Signs concurring, may give any Man notice of an ap- proaching Storm, but the greateft and moil remark- able Sign of a North, is a very black Cloud in the N. W. rifing above the Horizon to about lo or 12 degrees : the upper edge of the Cloud appears very even and fmooth, and when once the upper part of the Cloud is 6, 8, lo or 12 degrees high, there it remains in that even form parallel to the Horizon without any motion ^ and this fometimes 2 or 3 Days before the Storm comes : At other times not above 12 or 14 hours, but never kfs. This Cloud lying fo near the Horizon, is not f^Qii but in the Mornings or Evenings, at leail it does not appear fo black as then •, this is called by En- glifh Seamen a Korth Bank , and when ever we fee fuch a Cloud in that part of the World, and in the Months before mentioned, we certainly provide for a Storm ^ and though fometimes it may happen that iuch a Cloud may appear feveral Mornings and Evenings, and we may not feel the efieds of it. or but very little ^ yet w^e always provide againit it ^ for a North never comes without fuch a iorcboding Cloud. But if the Winds alio whiffle about to the South, with fair flattering Weather, it never tails. While the Wind remains at S- S- W. or anything to the South of the Weft it blows very faint •, but when 61 n i> m 'iP' id ' Hi m ■ I- TfM I m li,.. fiz Of Storms, when once it comes to the North of the Weft, ic begins to be brisk and veers about prefently to the North Weft, where it blows hard ^ yet does it not ft'iy there long before it veers to the N. N. W. and th^jrc it blows ftrongeft and longeft. Sometimes it continues 24 or even 48 hours, and fometimes longer. When the Wind firft comes to the N. W. if ihc black Cloud rifes and comes away,, it may chance to give but one flurry, like that of a Tornado ^ and then the Sky grows clear again •, and either the Wind continues at N. W. blowing only a brisk Gale,which the Jamaica Seamen call a Chocolate Norih\ or elfe it veers about again totheEaft, and fettles there. But if when the Wnid comes to the N. W. the Cloud ftill remains fettled, the Wind then continues blowing very fierce, even fo long as the black Bank ^continues near the Horizon. It is commonly pretty dry and clear, but fometimes much Rain falls with a North : and tho' the Clouds which bring Rain, come firom'the N. W. & N.N.W.yet the black Bank- near the Horizon feems not to move till the Heart of the Storm is broke. When the Wind ftarts from the N. N. VV. to the N. 'tis a fign that the violejice of the Storm is paft, cipecially if it veers to the Eaft of the North j for then it foon flys about to the Eaft, and there fettles at its uliial Point and brings fair Weather : But if it goes back from the N. to the N. VV. it will laft a day or twc longer, as fierce as before •, and not without a greai deal of Rain. When our Jamaica Logwood-ftiips are coming loaden out of the Bay of Campeachy in the North Seafon, they are glad to have a North. For a good North will bring them almoft to Jamaica ^ neither have any of our Veflels mifcarried in one of thefe Storms that I did ever hear of^ though fometimes much ftiattered ^ but ^e Spaniards do commonly fufter by them, andthtie isfeldom a Year but one or more peachy in as we d under a Mainfail alone ♦, and Mi2 bring hei maintain by tiffing after all us, then tryed our fhore. Indies^ (c Mizan ; ftrain to there is t to put av and the judge iti the Wind keep on continue them up Spaniards a Kings J on a fand] River To] Leagues efcaped ft Comma n Bay. He the ftorm Cruz^ am firft the ft this meth well as 1 or Of Storms, or more of them are caft away in the Bay of Cam- peacJy in this Seafon : for they don't work their fliips as we Jo ours. They always bring their fhips too under a Forefail and Mizan, but never under a Mainfliil and Mizan , nor yet under the Mizan alone •, but we generally bring to under Mainfail and Mizan ^ and if tlie Wind grows too fierce wg bring her under a Mizan only^ and ii* we cannot maintain that, then we balalt our Mizan : which is by riffing and taking up great part of the Sail. If after all this, theVVinds and Seas are too high for us, then we put before it, but not before we have tryed our utmoft, eipecially if we are near a Lee- fhore. On the contrary, the Spaniards in the IVeji Indies^ (as I fa id before) lye under a Forefail and Mizan : But this muft needs be an extraordinary ffrain to a Ship, efpecially if fhe be long. Indeed there is this convenience in it, wdien they are minded to put away before it,'tis but hailing up thu Mizan, and the Forefail veers the Ship prelently : ami 1 judge it is for that Reafon they do it. For w hen the Wind comes on fo fierce that they can no longer keep on a Wind, they put right afore it, and lo continue till the Storm ceafeth, or the Land takes them up (/. e, till they are run afhore.) I knew two Spaniards did fo, while I was in the Bay. Oqe was a Kings fhip, called the Vijc adore. She run afhore on a fandy Bay, a Mile to the Weffward of the River Tohafco. The other was come within 4 or 5 Leagues of the fhore, and the ftorm ceafing, fhe efcaped fhipwreck, but was taken by Captain iiay^/^, Commander of a Privateer, who w^as then in the Bay. Her Mainmaft and Mizan were cut down in the ftorm. Both thefe Ships came from ha Vera Qruz^ and were in the North fide, of the Bay when firft the ftorms took them. And tho' we don't ufe this method, yet we find means to wear our ihips as well as they-, for if after the Mizan is halFd up and ve the Sea, ; do ufually but in thele lin prodigi- he fury of [by ir j for e up by the y fhattered, reen Thing nter. Info- after, that t to be the florm light s had their of it, tho' ed another imly there, 'hnjliflws. ipt. Gadhii- le, was by le Harbour, vas firew'cl as Ihiallj iiich Of Storms^ fuch as Porpoifes, Sharks, ^c. and abundance of iSea* Fowls alfb were deitroyed by it. I would not h3i\Q any Man think that thefe Hiir- ricanes,or any other Storms, do always give warning of their coming exa£Uy alike : For chcire may he fome difference in thole figns, though all of them be plain enough if well obferved. Belides fometimes they are duplicated, fometimes only lingle figns, and fometimes the figns may be more \'ifihle and plain than at other times: when by fome accidental cau4 thofe figns may be lefs vifible by Reafon of Ibme high Hill or Mountain that may be interpos'd be- tween you and the Horizon, eipecially if any Hill lyes N. E. from you, which is the Quarter that Hnr- ricanes do commonly rife in. The Clouds that precede a Hurricane are different fi:om the North Banks in this, that whereas the Clouds preceding Norths are uniform and regular, of an exaft blacknels even from the Horizon to the upper edg of it, and that as ftreight and even as a Line ftretched out. On the contrary, the Hurricane- Clouds tower up their Heads, prelhng forwards as if they all Ifrove for precedency ^ yet fo linked one with- in another, thatall move alike. Befides, the edges of thefe Clouds are guilded with various and a high- ting Colours, the very edg of all feems to be of a pale fire colour, next that of a dull yallow, and nearer the Body of the Cloud of a Copper Colour and the Body of the Cloud which is very thick ap- pears extraordinary Black : and altogether it looks very terrible and amazing even beyond exprgilion. Though I have never bccii in any Hurriciine in the W'eft I/idies^yQt I have leen the very Image of them in the Eaft Jndies^^ theefFe£ls have been the very famej and for my part I know no difference between a Hurricane among the Carribee Illands in the Wejl Indies^ and a Tuffoon on the Coaft of China in the E e e 4 Eafl 7* HS \ u- •M \M n \% :M % ri Of Storms: E'jft Indies^ but only the Name : And I am apt to btiie\w that both Words have one fignitication^ which is a violent Storm. I have given a large Account of one of thefe iji my Vvyage round the World : Chapter XV. Cage 414. That gave warning by flattering Weather bciore hand, and a very dilmal CloHd, fet out with fuch colours as I have before deicribed, riling in the N. E. from whence the violence of the firft Guft came, vv^hich was wonderful fierce and accompanied with extraordinary hard Rain ^ then it afterwards fell calm about an houi, and then the Wind came about at S. W. and blew as fierce as it did be- fore at N, E. which is much like the Hurricane before-mentioned at Antego^ but of a longer con- tinuance than that : Befides, in both places they blow at one time of the Year, which is in Jidy^ Aifguft or Septe)nher ^ and commonly ije^r the Full 'or Change of the Mocoi. Another thing that we muif alfo take notice of is, ihac both Places are North of the Equator, though not exaOily in one Latitude. i>iit of thefe Tu if 00ns I Ihall fay no more now, having deicribed them particularly in my Voyage to Tonquin^ Chap. II. Pag. 3<5. The Monfoons in the Eufi Indies are the next to i)e treated of ^ by which I do not mean the Coailing Trade-wind, fo called, which I have al r.ady defcribed in Page 21. of this Difcourfe ; for tho' \_MonJuon\ is a general word for the Wind tliere, diitingmlhed by Eaft or Weft, according to the Points from whence they blow^ yet it Ibme times alio fignifies 'JiStor?n^ as I now take it. And it is eafie to be underflood , when it is ufed in reference to the Tr^de-wind, or when fpoken of a Storm I for if applyed to a Storm, 'tis exprefs'd hy Ibme Epethite going before ; As Violent, Ter rible, ^i. more no\\\ Of Storms, rible, 6> V~ without any diftinftion of Eaft or Weft, ;vhjch is commonly ufed in fpeaking of the Trade- Wind. Thefc Monfoons or Storms on the Coafl: of Coro- vundcl-diQ expeQed either about April or September^ which are accounted the two fhifting Months. For in thcfe two Months the Winds begin to (hift and turn from that Poinr, on which they have blown fe- \ eral Months before, to the contrary Points of the Cornea fs •, as fi:om Ealt toWeft, or the contrary ; but commonly this fhift is attended with a turbulent Sky, which ends in a violent ftorm of Wind, or excefliive juins,- or })oth : And this is called alfo the breaking up of the Monlbon. It was in one of thefe that \ pcift from J^ ICO bar Ifland to Sumatra, men tionedin my Voyage roiiml thi World^ Chap. XV IL Page 4p<5. This was the /l/W/ Monfoon. The Si'f'temlh Mon'^cns are generally more violenr thin theie lafl: : yet by the Account I have lately had iiorn t'ort St. George^ they have fuffered very much by one of the April Monfoons (i^ it may be lb call- ed) for it came before its ufual time, even before it could be expected. As for tlie September Monfoons, though the time of the Year is to well known, and the warnings of their approach almoit certain •, yet our Eaft bidia Merchants have had vc^y cosifiderable lofles there ^ i'jr the Itrefs of the Winds blows right in upon the Ihorc, and often hurries the (hips iirom their An- 'iioti, and toifes them in a moment on the fandy Bay. Indeed the want of a fecure Place to Ride in, is tlie greateftlnconvenience of thatFa8:ory, a Place doubtlcfs defigned by the Englilh from its Original to be the Center of the Trade of thefe Parts. For all our FaQories, and the Trade in general. Halt frop Cape Comorin^ are now fuboi'dinate to this. The 73 % U 74 Of StOYmsi The Dutch had once a place of Confequence, called Fidlacat on this Coaft, about 20 Leagues to the North of it 5 but they withdrew moft of their Families and EffeCls from thence in the Year i6pi. mentioned in my Voyage round th ^^orld^ChAip. XX. Page 522. And it is very probable that thefe ra- ging Winds might be one caule of this thek defert- ing it : whatever was the Motive of fettling here 5 for they have fecure Harbours, and Roads enough in JW/^,which we to owr great difadvantage very much want. But to return to the Monfbons. Thele (as I have told you) blow ficrceft in Sep- temba\ and, as I have been informed, blow on feveral Points of the Compafs. The ftormy Monfoons on the Mallahar Coaft dif- fer f i-om thefe on th« Co^ of Coromandel , in that they are more common, and laft even from April to September^ which is as long as the Com- mon Weft Monfoon lafis, though not fo frequent and lafting in the beginning of the Monlbon, as towards the latter end. The Months of July and Auguft afford very bad Weather, for then there is hardly any intermifllon, but a continued troubled Sky full of black Clouds which pour down exceflive Rains, and often very fierce Winds. But towards the breaking up of the Monlbon, they have one very terrible Storm called by x\\q Portuguefe the Eliphanta^ which con- cludes the bad Weather. For after that they put to Sea without fear of any more Storms that Sealbn. Thefe violent Winds blow direftly in upon the fliore ^ and they damn up the Harbours on thisCoaf^, efpecially that of Goa^ fo that no Ships can go in or come out then •, but after the violent Winds are paft, the Channel opens again, and lb continues till the nextSealon, This 'onfequence, Leagues to oft of their Year i6pi, , Chap. XX, hat thefe ra- their delert- ttling here 5 Is enough in very much Of Stormi. This Relation I had from a very ingenious Gentle- man who was at Goa during the bad Weather. I fhall only take notice that theie Storms are alfb at the fame time of the Year, when the Hurricanes Souths are in the VVefl Indies^ and die Tuftoons on the Coafts of Cb'ma , Tunqueen^ Cochinchina and G/;;i?Wm inthe EafternParts of thQ Eaft Indies^ and that all thele places are to the North of the Equa- tor. li «;- ceft in Sep- wonlevera! - Coaft dif nandel , in even from s the com- fb frequent lonlbon, as d very bad itermiflion, ick Clouds often very ing up of ible Storm vhich con- ley put to Seafbn. upon the :his CoaO, :an go in kVinds are tinues till This € PI A P. ,1" ,■♦1' ■<'^f PJ ■^-l: W 7* CHAP. VII. Of the Seafons of the Year, the Wet and Dry Seafons on the North (ide of the Equator 5 and on the South of it, F laces fa- mous for much dry Weather; a$ part (?/ Peru, and Africa. A Comparifon bettveen thofe Coafts. Of raining Coafts 5 as Guinea. Why Guinea fnorefubje5l to Rains than the oppo/ite Coaft of Brazil, the time of Sugar-making. Of the Seafons at Suranatn. Bays more fubje5l to Rain than Head-Lands, Several inftances of this^ as at Campeachy, Panama, Tunqueen, Bengala, fo'c. Mountains more fubje5l to Rains than Low Lands 5 An inflame of this at Ja- maica, the Ifle of Pines near Cuba, a wet Place. So is alfo Gorgonia in the South Seas, the mamer howtornadoes arife. AS SuuijTier and Winter are the two moft dif- ferent Seafons in our Climate^ ib the Dry and the"\yet are within the torrid Zone^ and are always oppofire to each other. I'hey are often called by Europians Winter and Sum7ne}\ but more generally, D;7and Wet. Thefe Seafons on each fide of the Equator, are as different as the Seafons of Summer and Winter are in temperate Climate5,or near each Pole. For as 'tis Sum- mer near the Norih Pole, when 'tis Winter near the South Pokj and the contrary : fo when 'tis fair and dry Of the Seafons of the Tear. dry Weather Noith of the Equator, 'tis b'niftering and rainy Weather South of it, and the contrary y except within a few d'.^grees of the Line, and that in Ibme places only. There is alfo this difference between the Torrid and Temperate Zont^, either North or South of the Equator^ that when it istair and dry Weather in the one, it is Winter in the other : and when it is wet in tlie one, it is Summer in the other. I Ipeak now of Places lying on the fame fide of the Equator : For as the Sun when it pafTes the Equinox, and draws toward: either of theTropicks, begins to warm their refpe£tive Poles, and by how much the nearer he approaches, by fo much is the Ah without the Tro- picks clear, dry and hot. On the contrary,within the Torrid Zone (though on the fame fide of the Line^ the farther the Sun is off, the dryer is the Weather. And as the Sun comes nearer, the sky grows more cloudy and the Weather more moKt : for the Kains follow the Sun, and begin on either fide of the E- quator, within a little while after the Sun has croft the Equinox, and fo corftinue till after his return back again. The wet Seafon on the North fide of the Equator in the torrid Zone, begins in April or Mo}\ and fo continues till September or O&ober. The dry Weather comes in November or December^ and continues till April or May. In South Latitudes the Weather changes at the fame times, but with this difference, that the dry Months in South Latitude, are wet Months in North Latitude, and the contrary, as I ha\'e faid before. Yet neither doe the wet or dry Seafons let in or go out exaftly at one time, in all Years •, neither are all places fubjc8: to wet or dry Weather alike. For in feme places it rains lefs than in others \ and confe- quently there is more dry VV^eathsr, But generally Places u ^1- ! ■ M mil ji Of the Seafons cf the Tear: Places that lye under the Line, or near it, have their grcateft Rains in M^irch and September, H^ad-Lands or Coafts that lye mofi: expofed to the Trade-winds have communly the bell ftiare of dry Weather. On the contrary, deep Bays or bcnd- ings oit" the Land, eipecially fuch as lye near the Line, are moft fiibjeft to Rains. Yet even among Bays or Bendings, there is a great deal of difterencc in the Weather as to dry or wet ^ for the VVeathcr, as well as the Winds feem to be much influenced by accidental Caulesj and thole Caules themlelves whatever they are, leem to be lubje£l to great va- riation. But to proceed with Matter of Faft ^ I fhall be- gin with the dryelt Coafts^ and firrt with that of Feru^ item 3 d. South to 30 d. South. There it never Rains, neither at Sea for a good diftance off fhore, as for 250 or 300 Leagues ^ no nor on the Ihore for a confiderable way within Land^ though exaftly how far I know not ^ yet there arc fmall Mifts, fometimes in a Morning for two or three Hours ^ but feldom continuing after 10 j. Clock ^ and there are Dews alio in the Night. This Coaft lyes N.andS. it has the Sea open to the Weft, and a chain of very high Mountains run ning a long fhore on theEaft,^: the Winds conftant- ly Southerly, as I iaid before in thefccond Chanter of Winds. ^ In which Head I have made a Comparifbn as well of the Winds on the Coaft of Africa in the fame Latitude, as of the lying of theCoafts. Only there is this difference, that the coafting Trade- winds on the American fide do blow further from the Land than thofe on the African lide. Which difference may probably arife from the dilproportion of the Mountains thatare in the two Continents J for 'tis known that the Afides in America are fome of the higheft MouHtains in the World, but whether there are Of the Seafons hf the Tear: are any on the Continent of Africa in thofe Lati- tudes fo high, I know not. I have not heard of any, at lead n one fuch are vifible to Seamen. I come now to fpeak oF the Weather on the A- frican Coaft, which though 'tis not fo dry as the Coalt of Peru, yet is it the next to it. The Weather there is very dry from Alurcb till Otlobc/\ which is the dry Sealbn. The rainy Seafon,which is from OnoheriiWAhinh^ is moderate, without that excels thatis in moft other Places in thofe Latitudes ^ lb that the wettelt Sealbn can only be called fo from fome gentle fhowers of Rain. There are fome Tornadoes, but not fo many as are in any other Places both of the Eajl or Wtj} In- dies^ th« Peruvian Couft excepted. And if the height of the Andes are the caule that the true Eaft Breezdoes not take place in the PacitickSea, within 200 Leagues diftance from the (hore^ when yet the Trade blows within 40 Leagues of the African Coaft i that Coaft may perphaps be fuppoied to want fuch high Mountains. And if thole Ameri- can Mountains do ftop the Winds from their Career, why may they not as well break the Clouds before they reach near the Ihore, and be the caule of the dry Weather there } And feeing both Coalts do lye alike, and the Wind is alike ♦, why Ihould not the VVeather be the fame ^ were it not for the difpro- portion between the Mountains of thefe Coatls ? For the Eaft fide of thofe Mou* tains are fupplied with Rain enough, as may be known by the great Rivers that difembogue from thence into the Atlantick Sea ^ whereas the Rivers on th*:: South Sea Coaft are but very few and fmall ^ fome of which do wholly dry away for a good part of the Year ^ But yet they conltantly break out again in their Seafons, when the Rains in the Country do come, which always fall on the Well 79 !'■ If 1,1 ■•'t,J 1^ 80 Of the Seafons of the Tear] VVefl fide of tliofo Mountains, and this is about F>' bruary. As I have fpoken before of dry Coafts, f<> now I fhall fpeak of rainy ones. I Ihail be^.n with the (ftoafl: of Guinea^ from Cape Lopos^ vvliich lies one degree South, taking in the Bite or Bending of the Land, and all the Coaft Welt from thence, as iiir as Cape fatmas. This is a very wet Coaft, fubjeft to violent Tor- nadoes and exceflive Rains, efpecially in July and Augiiji : In thoie Months there is Icarce any liiir Day. This Coaft lies all of it very near the Enna. tor, and nowhere above 6 or 7 degrees difta nee-, ft that from its nearnefsto the Equator only, we might probably conje£ture that it is a rainy Coaft"^ tor moft places lying near the Line are very fubjeS: t3 Rains : yet fome more than others^ and Guuicd may be reckoned among the wetteft Places in th^ World. There may be Places where the Rains con- tinue longer, but none are more violent while they laft. And as its nearnefs to the Line may be a great caule of its moifture •, fo by its fituation alio one would guefs that it fhould be fubje6l to a great deal of Rain -^ becaule there is a great Bite or Bending in of the Land,a little to the North of the Line ^ and from thence the Land flretcheth Weft parallel with the Line. And thefe Circumftances fingly taken, accor ding to my obfervations do feldom fail, but more efpecially where they both meet. Yet there may be other caufes that may hinder thofe Efte8:s, or at leaft ferve to allay the violence of them , as they do on fome other Coafts. I fliall only inftance in the oppofite Coaft of Atnerka between the North Cape, which lies North of the Equator, and Cape Blanco on Brazil^ in South Latitude. Now this Land lyes much after the Form of the Coaft ot Guinea^ with this difference, that one Coaft lies in Sou tit Of the Seafins of the Tea;. South Lat. the other lies North of the Emiator, both of thcfe Promontories lay paralel with the Equator, 8c there's not much difference in their diltance iiom it i but that which makes the difference is, tint one juts out Weft ward the other Ealtward •, and fo oriL* is the very Weftermoft Land of the Continent of Africa^ the other is tlie Eaftermolt Land of the Continent of il;;/fnV^z : The one has only an eddy Wind, which feems to me to be the Effe£l of two contrary Winds: The other CoafI; lies open to the Trade, and never wants a Breez. And the former is troubled with Tornadoes and violent Rains during the wet Seafon, which is -^1^{>', Junc^ J^<^y^ Augiijl and September : but the extreamcft wet Months are July and Auguft ^ when it rains in a manner conti- nually. April and OUober alio lometimes are wet Months. The other Coaft on the American Continent, which lyes open to the E. and N. E. or S. E. and which enjoys the freer Trade-Wind, is lefs fubjeO: to Rain^ only as it lyes near the Line, it has its parr, but not toexcefs,n or in any comparifon withG/^//?^?^, And as the Line is to the N. of it, fo its wet Months are from Otkber till April ^ and the dry Seafon from April to Offober. And thele Seafons reach even to d or 7 degrees North of the Line : wliich I do not know to be fo in any other part of the World again. Indeed Cape Lopes in Guinea^ is in one degree Soutli , yet participates of the fame Weather that the rtft 0^ Guinea has, which lies to tlie North of the Line. Now the Reafon why Europeans do account the dry Seafon Summer, and the wet Seafon Winter •, is becaufe the dry Seafon is their Harveil: time, efpe- dally in our Plantations, where we chirtiy make Sugar ^ for then the Canes are as yellow as Gold. They have then iudeed lefs juce, but that little there is. is very fweet. Whereas in the wet Seafon, tho' F f f ths 8t 'i- t n ' -m 82 Of the Seafons of the tearl the Canes are ripe, and come to their^Maturity- neither come do they r.ot yield fuch quantities oFSugc yet IS it fj good, though the pains in boiling it be al(^j greater. Therefore in Norther .1 Climates, as all our I'lantations are in, they commonly begin to work about iiiaking of Sugar at Chnftmas ^ after the dry Feaibn has brought the Canes to a good perfe8:ion, But in South Climates, as on the Cbafl: of Brazil. thev begin to work in July. Some Places there arc in Nortii Latitudes alio near the Line, where the Weather bears time with the Seafons in South Lat as at Surcwwi^ which tho' it is in North Latitude, yet are the Seafons there the fame as in South Lad. tudes •, but 1 know not fuch another inftance any where. And though the dry Sealcm is the time to gather in the Canes, and the wet Seafon to plant; yet are they not lb limited as to rriake uie only 01 thefe Seafons for cither ^ but do it chiefly for theii bjfi convenience ^ for they may plant at any time of the Year, and that with good fuccefs: elpecially after a moderate fhower of Rain, which often hap pens even in the dry Seafons. But I muft proceed. I have fiid before that Bays have greater Qiiarjitiesof Rain than Head-Lands. Tlie Bay oi" Campcdchy is a good Inflance of thii; for the Rains are very great there, efpecially in the Months of July and Angufi. On the contrary, tk Coall from Cape Cnoch^ to Cape Co?jdccedo^ which lies more expofed to the Trade, has not near the Rains as the Bay of Cim peachy hath. Tiie Bay of HoniLiras alio is very wet, and all that bending C^oait iromCape Gratia de Dios^ even tu Carihdge?:d. But on the Coaltof Carraccos^ and about Cape La Vela , where the Breezes are more brisk, the IVcather is more moderate. Whereas in thole little Bays between, there is iiill a difference; tor in the Bay of Mcncaya^ which lies a little tu the the Ea than a TheE of this fide ot Cape ^ mofi: V The Bay ot wet Sc Amapa Coali 1 wet Se^ The je£l: to that oi Bay of which : more n: But on fide of mounta fides of the Co; former is faid b probabl Mounr^ and feld Rains c reach n 1 have with m( Land I South i from x\ River, Of the Seafom of the Year. the Eaft of Cape L.i Vela^ there is much more Rain than at or near the Cape. TheBay oiyima?}ui alio will furnifh us with a proof of this,by its unm^derate Rains ^ elpecially the S..uth fide of it, even from the Gulph of St. Michael^ to Cape St. tnincis-'^ ih,? Rains there are from Apn/ till Kove/jihcr •, but in Jitfie^ JiilyiiA Aiiguj}^ they are moft violent. There are many fmall Bnys alfo Weff from the Bay of FcuiiWij^ which have their (hares of thele wet Scafbns, as the Gulph of l\i!ci\ Caldera ^di)\ Amapdlii^ &c. but to the Well of that, where the Coall runs more plain and even, there are not fuch wetSeafons^yet many times very violent Tornadoes. The Eiifl Indies alio has many Bays tbjt are fub- jeQ: to very violent Rains, as the Bay of 'Tonqueen^ that of Siam^ the bottom and the fall fide of the Bay of Bengali, But on the Coall of Coroma7idel^ which is the Weft fide of that Bay, the Weather is more moderate : that being an even, plain, low Coall. But on the Coall of j\\allaha)\ which is on the Weil- fide of that Promontory, the Land is high and mountainous,^^ there are violentRains.Indecd theWelt fides of any Continents are wetter than theliaif iide^, the Coaft of Pf ;v^ and Afncaovly exceptea ^ in the former of which the drynefs m;iy be occafioned (as is faid before) by the height or the Andrs. And 'tis probable that the violence of the Rains near thole Mountains falls chiefly on the Edjl fides of them, and feldom reaches to their Tops : which yet if the Rains do they may there be broke in pieces, and reach no flirther. for, among other Oriervations, 1 have taken notice that Mour.taliis are iupplied with more Rains than low Lands. I mean the low Land bordering on the Sea. As for inllance, the South fide of Jdmaica beginning at Lcgandi^ and from thence away to the Weltwatd, as far as Biack River, including all the plain Land and Savannahs r f f 2 about 8? 1 31 I ^ - K m. 1 1;^ It-'* ' s,:i y In i\\ 84 Of the Seafons of the Teaf. about St. J ago de la Vega^ Old Harbour and Withy iwod Savannahs. This is a plain level Country for many Miles lying near Ealt and Welt, having the Sea on \\\<^ South, and bounded with Mountains on the North. Thole Mountains are commonly fupplied with Rain before the low Lands. I have knowni the Rains to have begun there ihiee Weeks before any has fallen in the plain Country, bo^d.ririg on the Sea ^ yet every day I have oblei\cd very black Clouds over the Mountains and have heard it thun- der there. And thofe very Clouds have leemed by their Motion to draw towards the Sea, but have been check'd in their Courfe, and have either returned towards the Mountains again or eliehave Ipent them- felves before they came from thence, and fo have vaniihed away again to the great grief of the Planters, whole Plantations and Cattle have iulFerd lor want of a little Moifture. Nay,thefe Tornadoes have been fo ni^h that the Sea Breez has dyed away and we have had the Wind firelh out of the Clouds, yet they have vanifhed, and yielded no Rain to the low parch'd Lands. And I think that the want of feafbnable Showrs is one of the greateft Inconveniencies that this part of the Country fuifers, for I have known in fome very dry Years, that the Grafs in the Savannahs has been burned and withered for want of Rain, and the Cattle have perilhed thereby for want of Food. The Plantations alio have fuftered very much by it, but fuch dry Seafons have not been known on the North lide of the 111a nd wher? the Mountains are border- ing on thcSea.or at leaftbut a little diftance ofFit.For there they areliipplied with lealbnable Showers al- moll all the Year, and even in the dry time it Tcilf, near the Full and Change of the Moon. But in the wet Seafon, the Rains are more violent, which h their Inconvenience, As and Withy Country for having the ountains on plied with known the 1 bvforc any ii:g on the very black ltd it thun- feemed by it have been er returned fpent them- md fo have ;rief of the have iiifFerd e Tornadoes ;Z has dyed out of the d«d no Rain ble Showrs at this part vn in fome /annahs has ain, and the ■ Food. The 1 by it, but the North are border- ce ofFit.For Showers al- ime it ielf, But in the t, which ii As OftheSeafom of tie Year. As for the Valleys in the Country,they are not Tub- je8: to fuch Droughts as the plain Lan,' by the Sea, at leaft I have not obiervcd it my i^A\ nor have I heard it nnenrioned by others. The Ifle of Pines near Cuhj'i^ lb noted a place for Rain that the Spaniards inhabiting near it on Cuh^ lay that it rains more or lels every day in the Year, at one place or another. It is generally fpo"ken alio & believ'd by Privateers, for it has been oft vifited by them. I have been there my ielf, but cannot con- firm that report. However, it is well kjiown to be a very wet and rainy place. It is but a fmallllland of about p or lo Leagues long and 3 or 4 broad •, and in the midft is a high pecked Mountain, which is commonly clouded -, and the Privateers fay that this Hill draws all the Clouds to it 'j for if there is not another Cloud to be leeri any where elfe, yet this Hill is leldom or ne\cr clear. Gorgonhi in the South Seas alio has the lame re^ port. It is much fmaller than Pines. I have men* tioned it in my Voyage round the World. Chap. VII. Page 172. This Ifle lies about 4 Leagues from the Main : but the Ifle of Fines not above 2, and is a great deal bigger than it. The Main againfl Gor^onia is very low Land •, but Cuba near Fines is pretty high, and the Mountain of Fi/ies is much bigger and higher than the Hill of G^r^^/7/V/, which yet is of a good height, fo that it may be rQQn 16 or 18 Leagues ofF^ And tho' I cannot fay that it rains every day there, yet I know that it rains very much and extraordinary hard. I have been at this Ifle three times ^ and always found it very rainy, and the Rains very violent. I romember when we touch'd there in our return from Captain Sharps we boiled a Kettle of Chocolate before we clean'd our Bark •, and havmg every Man Fff3 hi^, 85 f : t »t ^li ii' , 85 Of the Seafons of the Year, his Callabafh full, we began to fup it ofF, {landing .•'11 the time in the Rain ^ but 1 am contident not a Man among us all did clear his Diih, ibr it rained 16 tail and Inch great drops hito our Callabafhes, that alter we had iiip'd oli" as much Chocolate and Rain-Water together as fuililed us, our Caliabalhcs were Hill above half lull •, and 1 heard ibme of the Men i wear that they could not lup it up lo fait as it , rained in ^ at lali I grew tii'd with what I had left, and threw it away : aiid moil oi the reit did lo like- wife. As Clouds do ufually hover over Hills and Moun- tains, lo do they alio keep ; ear the Land. I have mentioned lomething ot tiiis in my Vcy .'gt^ round the World. Chap X. i'age 2S3. where 1 have laid, tlut in making Land we commonly hnd it Cloudy over the Land, tho' 'tisclearevery where beiide: And this may iiillconhrm w-liat I have laid in the tore- going Difcourle, that Hilis are commonly clouded^ ior high Land is the tlrll dilcerned by us, and that, as I laid beibre, is commonly clouded. But now 1 Ihall Ipeak how we bud the Clouds, when we are but a littie way trom Land, either coaOing along the lliore, or at an Anchor i-y it. 1 hope the Reader wiil not imagine that I am going to prove that it ne\ er Rains at Sea, or but very little there -, for the contrary is known to every Body, and I have already laid in this Difcourfe of Winds in my iirlt Chapter, lliat there are very trequent Tornadoes in feveral Seas elpccially near the Equator, and more particu- larly in the Atlantick Sea. Otlier Seas are not i^ much troubled with tiiem ^ neither is the Atlantick io to the North or S(juth of the Line : efpecially at any coniiderable diiiance irorn thefliore, but yet 'tis veiy piobable however, that the Sea has not lo great a portion of Tor ni. does as the Land hath. For when \\e are near the fhoie within the torrid Zone, we oiien fee it rain on the land, aiid perceive it to be very Of the Seafons of the Tearl very cloudy there, when it is fair at Sea and fcarce a Cloud to be leen that way. And though we have the Wind from the fhore,&: the Clouds (ecining to he drawing oifi yet they olten wheel about again to the Land, as if tliey were Magnetically drawn that way : Sometimes indeed they do come od:' a Htt!e ^ but then they ullially either return again or elle in- fenfibly vanifli ^ and that's the Realon that Scanieii when they are failing near thefhore and lee a Tor- nado coming oft, they don't much mind it, but cry, the Land will devour it : But however, iometinies they Hy off to Sea ^ And 'tis \'ery rare that Torna- does arile from thence ^ for they generally rile hril over the Land, ;ind that in a very llrange manner •, tor even from a very fmall Cloud arifing over tlie top of a Hill, I have often leen it increaie to iuclia bulk, t^Ht J have known it rain for 2 or 3 days ihc- celfively. This I have obferved both intlie E^jjl and yVe/t hdies^ ^nd in xhQSoutbm]dAWthSf^i^, And 'tis impofhbleibr me to forget how oft 1 have been dilhirbed by fuch linall Clouds that appeared in tlie Night. 'Tis ufual with Seamen in thole parts to lleep on the Deck ^ efpecially for Privateers ^ among whom I made thele Obfervations. In Privateers, efpecially when we are at an Anchor, the Deck is fpread with Mats to lye on each Night. Every Man has one, fome two •, and this with a Pillow tor the Head and a Rug foi a Covering, is all the Bedding that isneceiTary for Men of that Employ. i have many times fpread my Lodging, when the Evening has promifed well, yet have been forced to withdraw before Day -, and yet it was not a little Rain that would atright me then ; neither at its firfi coming could I have thought that fuch a fmall Cloud could aftbrd lb much Rain : And oftentimes both my felf and others have been fo deceived by the appearance of fo fmall a Cloud, tliat thinking the Raui would foon be over, we have lain till we were F f f 4 dropping 87 'I'll a f\ % 8 Of the Safins of the Tear. dropping wet, and then have been forced to move at laft. But to proceed. I haveconftantlyobferved, that in the wet Seafon we had more Rain in the Night than in the day -, for though it was fair in the Day, yet we feldom elcaped having a Tornado or two in the Night. If we fed one in the Day, it rofe and came away prefently, and it may be we had an Hours Rain, more or lels-, but when it came in the Night, though there was little appearance of Rain, yet we fhould have it 3 or 4 Hours together •, but this has commonly been nigli the fhore •, and we have feen thick Clouds over the Land and much Thunder and Lightning, and to our appearance , there was more Rain there than we had-, and probably out farther off at Sea, there might be ftill leis: for it was commonly pretty clear tiL.t way, •.;■,, i M CHAP. 9? CHAP. VIII. Of Tides and Current 5. the difference hetween tides and Currents, No place in the Ocean npithout tides. Where the tides are greateft, and where fmallefl. Of the tides in the Harbour and Lagunes of Trift 5 in the Bay of Campeachy. Ofthofe between the Capes of VivgmidL. the tides in the Gulph of St. Michael 5 and the River of Guiaquil, in the South Sea, A miftal^en Opinion of a Sub' ierranean Communication between the North and South Seasy under the Ifthmus of Darien. Of the tides at the Gallapagos Iflands ^ at Guam, one of the Ladrones ; About Panama 5 In the Gulph of Dulce and Necoya River 5 on the Coaft of Peru 5 in the Weft Indies 5 and at Tonqueen 5 where ^ andat\^ew Holland, they are very irregular. 4 g^efs at the Reafon of Jo great an irregularity. Of the tides between the Cvi^Qoi Good Hope 4«d/ ^Ae Red Sea. Of Currents, they are influenced by the trade- Wind. Inflames of them at Berbadoes, tufc, 4^ Cape La Vela ; ular notice of it than in the preceding Springs ^ for many had not taken notice oh it beibre : And therefore the Major part of the Company, luppofing that it was a miltake in us who ml^si thole former Oblervations, expefted to hall off the Ship the third Tide after the Change . bur our Ship did not float then, nor the next Tide neither, which put them all into an amazment,and a great Conifernation too : For many thought we fhould never have got her off at all, but by dig- ging away the Sand •, and lb clearing a Paffage for her into the Sea. But the fixth llde cleared all thofe doubts •, for the Tide then rofe fo high, as to float her quite up ^ when being all of us ready to work, we hall'd her off^ and yet the next Tide was higher than that , by which we were now all throughly fatisfied, that the Tides here do not keep the lame time as they do in England. This 1 muff al fb obferve, That here was no River, norLagune, nor any other Indraught on the Land near us, tint might occaiion theie great Tides ^ tho' 'tis \ ery probable that the great Bending between Kcw holla rid '\xAa\cw GuineLi^ may have both Ri- vers aiul Lagunes, which may caule thele great Tides • or ellc there may be a Pallage of the Sea between buth Places •, as it is laid down in fome Draughts : Or if neither of thele, there may be at lealf a large and deep Sound. This is the more probable, becaufe of the extraor dinaiy flood that iets to the Ealtward in all that Sea, between IS ck Holland^ and the lllands lying North of it ^ which we molt fenfibly pereei\ul when we were near AVw liclland\ And fuch a Tide as this muil of neceflity have a greater Indraught ih.'n barely a Kivcr or Lagune ; and 'tis the more like!) Of Tides and Current si likely dill, that this Tide fhould have a PalTigc through between ?? S. Tis bounded onthc S. by 4 Country itihabitcd bya fmall Nitbn of Savag;e People, called by our Enj^lifh Wild-bujh- Men-^ that live in CiYes and in lulcsof Rocks, and have no other HiuCes, but fuch as are formed by Nature ; They arc of a low ftiture, tauny colour'd, withcnfped Hair i They arc accoun- ted very cruel to th^'ir Eiemies. Their Wjapoas are B >ws and poifoned Arrows.Tliefe k'eople hive for tiieir Neighbours on the S. the f/ntojitots. D.'U'iioa IsaNivigable River in Ll^ 28 S.that bounds Natal on the N. The Inhibitaats of this River have a Commerce with the F§rtuiuefeo( Afjxambique, who oft rifit thcra in fmall Barks, and trade there for Elephants Teeth s of which they have great plenty. Some Englithtoo have lately been there to purchafe Teeth, pirticularly Cajt. Frea^^ jufl mentioned in my fonnrr VoIume,C'i. 53. P. 5 1 o. who after lie had been in the River 0/ Natal i«Africk. iRiffr of Dcllaii^ayVid purchafci^ 8 or lo Tun of Teeth, loft his Iship on a R >ck icar Mada^afcar. The Country of Natal lies lop. n to the I H-anSeaon the Eaft, but how far back it runs to Ithc vvcOsvut u is not \et known. That part nf trc Country w^Mch refpcfts the Sea is plaia IChj in ioi» and Woody ^ but within Land it appears more uneven, Ibv Rcafo.: or manv Hills which rife in unequal Hri^hts aiiovc. leich orher. Yet is it interlaced with plcafant Vallevs tad lifi^c Plai'is, and 'tis chcckcr'd with NaturalGrovcs and Savan- liijhi. Neither is there any want of Watery for every Hill af- fords little Brookb, which glide down feveral waysi fomeof which, after fcvi ral furnirgs and windings, meet by degrees and make >ip 'ho River of Nut.d^ which difcha'-gcth it felt into Ithc Cart I dun Ocean inthe lat.of ^od. South, There it opens jprfttv wide atid is deep enough for fmall VelTels. But at the Miuthof the River lb a Bar which hjs not above 10 or ii foot Water on it in a Spnng-ride i Though within there is Water enough. This River it. tlie principal of the Country of Natal, hnd has been lately frequented by feme of our Englilh 5hips : Iparticulariy by a f nail Veirel that Capt. Rogers, formerly r^'^n- jtioned, conun.mded. There are alfo other Streams and Rivers, which bend their ICourfes Northerly, efpecially one of aconfiderablebignefsabout \i 100 Mile v^ithin Land, and which runs due North. The Woods are com po fed of divers forts of Trees*, irnny lof which are very good Timber,and fit for any ufes, they being Itall and large. The Savannahs alfo arc cloathed with kindly Ithick Grafs. The Land Animals of this Country arc Lyons, Tigers, EIc- Iphants, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Hogs, Conies, ^c. Here are lilfo abundance ot Sea-Horfcs. Buifaloes and Bullocks only are kept tarn?, but the reft are all [wild. Elephants are fo plenty here that they feed together in great iTroops i loooor 1 500 in a Company j Mornings and Evenings they are feen grazing in the Savannahs, but in the heat of the day, they retire into the Woods , and they arc very peaceable |if notmolefted. Deer are very numerous here alfo. They feed quietly in ths ISivaiinahsamong the tame Cattle, for they are feldom dirtur- bed by 'he Natives. Here u.-c Fowls of divers forts, fome fuch as we have in Eng- \hnd, vi^. Duck and Teal, both tame and wild; and plenty of ICocks and Hens. Befides abundance of will Birds, wholly un- known to us. Here area fort of large FjwIs as big as a Peacock, which have ■my fine coloured Feathers. They arc very rare and fliy. There IC9 f: a -^ r (r.l 1 1 o Of Natal in Africk. There are others like Curlcvvs,biit bigger. The tiefh of iheie is black, yet fwcer and wholcfom Meat. The Sea and Rivers alio do abound in Fifti of divers fort; yet the Natives do but felHom endeavour to take any, cxccf: Tortoifcsi and that is chieHy when they come ilhorc in t Night to lay their Ej»gs. Thouiih they have alfo at-othcr ver, odd way, which they fomctimcs make ufcof tocatcli Turtle Tortoifes.Thcy take a living fucking Kilh or y{emor.<,and fjAiv j 4 couple of firings to it, (one at the head and the other at tail.)thcy let the lucking Kilh down into thcWatcr on thc'l ur: : Ground, among the half- grown or young Turtle ; and \v!;ei they find that the Fifh hath fallned himfelf to the back cfi Turtle, as he will foondo, they then draw him and the Tur:t up together. This way of bilhiogCas 1 have heardj isairouic at MaJainfcar. The Natives of th'.s Cointry are but of a middle Stature, ;,; have very good Limbs : The Colour o/ their kins is [)1jc< their Hair rrifpcd : they arc oval vifjged : their Nofcs neith:| flat nor high, but very well proportioned : their Teeth are whit;, and their Afpeft is altogether graceful. They are nimble People, but very lazy; which probnbly i want of Commerce. Their cliief Employment is Hushat f They have a greatmany Bulls and Cows, which tliey carcfu'J look after-, for every Man knows his own, though they ri all promifucoufly together in their Savannahs •, yet tlicy hji Pens near their own Houfes, where they make them ji,ert!c, jr bring them to the Pail. They alfo plant Corn and fence:] their Fields tokeep out all Cattle as well tame as wild. 'Ik" have Guinea Corrty which is their Bread *, and a fmall fcrt Grain no bigger than Wuftard feed, with which they makei!ijr| drink. Here are no Arts nor Trades prffefs'd among tliem, h: every one makes for himfelf fuch nccciVarie?, as Need or 0- nament requires, the Men keeping to their Employment ind the Women to theirs. The Men build Houfes, Hunt,, Plant, and do what is to':; done abroad. And the Women milk the Cows, drcfs theVitV als, (Z^c-. and manage all Matters within Doors. Their Hoii'uS are not great nor richly furuiHied i but thty are made c'le and well thatched, that neither Winds nor Weather can hurt them. They wear but few Cloaths and thofe extraordinary mcr.. The Men go in a manner naked, their common Garb being "ni. afquare piece of Cloath made with Silk Grafs or Mobo A/V,and wrought in form of a fliort Apron. At the uppcrcorncn :t has two ftrapsto tye round their VVaftes^ and the lower cd being finely fringed wiihthe fame, hangs down to their Knccj, Thcr Theflcniofiht imong them, h'\ Of Natal w Africk. They have Caps made irh Beet Tallow of about ^ or lo Inches high. They arc a great while a making thefc Caps : tor the Tallow inuft be made vtry pure, before tis fit for this ule. B thei. aps very rhi k. They make ufc of tl'.e long Feathcrsof Cocks Tails, ar.d iior.e ciie. Befides thefe Heao O; amcrtsthey vcu\i piece of Cow-hide, made like a Tail, a* d 'lib faftned utlni.d fliciii as a Tail, reach- ing from their VValle to the Griurd. Th 3 pecc of Hide is aboLt 6 liiChcs broad, aid each fide ot it is adorned uitli little iron Rirgs ot their own making. When they arc thus attired, their Hc.idsa little intox'c^tcd and the Muiick playinj::, thc)'l ikip a'>Ow.t n errily, ai d lliakj their Tails to fomcfurpolcj but arevcry innocent m thc.r Miith. Every Mm may have as many Wiveb as hccan pvrclufcand niaintain ; And without Luyu.g hcie are roic to !k* had ; neither is there ary other Ccmmudit) to be bought cr fold but VVoracn. Yonng Virgins arc d.fpoftd of by tl eir Katliers, Brothers or nearcft Male Kelalicns. The price is :?ccordinji to tiic Ec.:ury of lie D>mfcl. They have no Money in thiik Country, 1-ut givcC^ws in cx- chargefor Wives: Ai.d therefore he is tl:c nchclt Man that I J'; raofl Daughters or Sifters i for lobe furc l:c will gtt Cat- tle encui^h. They III r* WRMPMnMMI » f They make merry when they take their Wires ; but the ^ride cries all her Wedding-day. They live together in fmall Villagei, and thcoldcft Man governBthe reft \ fcr all that lire together in one Village are a kin, and therefore willingly fubmit to his Government. They are very juft and extraordinary civil to Strangers j This was remarkably experienced by two Englilh Seamen that lived among them 5 Years*, their ^hip was caftawavon the Cojft, andthe reft of their Conforts marched to the River of Delagody but they ftayed here till Captain Rogers accidcntjlly came hither and took them away with him: They had gained the Language of the Country : And the Natives freely gave them Wives and Cows too. They were beloved by all the Peo- ple i and fo much reverenced that their Words were taken asLaws. And when thty came away, ronny of the Boys cryed becaufe they would not take them with them* FINIS. es ; but the jctherinfraall r all that lire llingly fubmit Strangers j Seamen that \ awav on the 1 the River of accidentjlly y had gained :s freely gave yall the Pco- is were taken he Boys cryed w A General INDEX To both Volumes of DAMPIER'S VOX AGES, Note, that in this hdex the fevcral Parts of the Work are thus dirtinguifh'd. 0. refers to \oy age round the Worlds or Vol. I. S. to the Supplement ot the Voyiige round the Worldly or Vol. II Part i. C. to the Qimpeachy Voayges^ or Vol.11. Part; 2. W. totheDilcourleofthe Wwds\^c.oi VoI.II.Part 3* Any ligure that has not one of thele Capital Letters immediately prefixed, is to be taken as referring to that which goes nearelf before it. d. figiiifies Dejcribes^ whether wholly, or in part. Note alfo, That the Sheet K. Vol. IT. Part i. harin^ feveral Pages falfc mark'd, the Reader is defired to corrrrt them ^ the Index referring not to the falfe figures, but thofe which ought to have been there, A. ACapulcr, its remarkable Land ^.0.244. the T. Port andi Caftle d. 244,6,7. itsTradeand Courfcof it, C. 125, 0.244, 5i<5. 277. Acapulc)'Sh\py its Courfe, O. 245, 5. 25<5. 2^0. 283. 290, r. 351. 587, 8,9. and why, 280. aimdat by the Frivatceri, 244^ 2 55i7 ^89* but mifl, 260. 309.584. like to be loft on a ^holGj 305. 384. taken by Cavendtfh^ 260. Arcomptants, bad and good, :S. i?7. Achari. Hickles, what and where, O. 591, S. 129. Achin, Kinj^dom, d. <, 120, &:c. its Rains and Floodo, 142,9. and Winds, W. 39. the Road, and Ifla.ids, and Channel lying off It, S. 131, 2,5. O. 47d. the Soil and VsgetaWcs,S. X23. 125, [A] s^^. ^1 Kjenirai iriacx. l8r. O. :;92. Aiiitnals 5. 127,8. O. ;2r. MuUyttn Tnhahi- tants, rf. S. 128,9. rhe^r features h.i!>it, .^c ib Ar'S .ind Trades, 130, 1. Proems, 0.475*, a?(1 Coire Cabl«'s, ^9$. their Coins, Sums and Weights, S. igi, 3. Mali -nctan Lc^rmnf^ an^ Rfliftion, 0.490. :?4;. S, i?7,8. 148. i3o. Lnvs and t^unif.* tnentF, !;8, 9. 140. Guvcrnni:nt h> a ;:^. w- <.y ( Anatr.4 how us d I of it, 227. Anchor 4- 91, 6. I5I|2. I' 212, 3. 2 6,7. 291. 417. 421, 12. 13. i: Cc.l.O Anch-^ j ^aUyan Tnhahi- :, ih Arts -md ibl«'s, ^9$. their in Le^rmnfi ^nd iws and i'unif/ p Cio.ti'f/s have tr. nofi Sljves, , f^p. Merchant- rf. Brokers, 135, icir Trade thvre, , 5. 1 52. Plenty , Vo.. 2. Sec ^/. j . i^. 19. 20. 1C3' /hy ? 78,79. its ?ft Coaft where ft, <^^. and Cut' 90. See i4n^'t4, itans, Hippopc- frequent, 954. J. 218.297. 321. ;. i85. 22I.2^7i| 3in Sea to Land- irds, C 24, 5,1. 5,325- 337. 444- here found, 7v-' eaten, i^.0.:7| Dropfies.O.sj;. 76. an /r///;iwDJ Camfeachjt ou&i general thaa the faniinA aoil \j cm If II iriucx. Almond-milk, whrrc uh'd, 5. 148. Ai'ns of .lf/j^n.»)7ej make and keep up tlieir Profelltes, 5, 55. Lignum Ahes^ whence, i^". 8. C. Alra t^cl.1, it^ V .els, W. 35, A'tarsof [dols, wiKre.ind what, O. 596.412. S. 4^. .*/v.iV4(/') K, T. Fort, Fifhery, Trade, and Co'n'.io<1itie$, (/. C. 43. 12^. 4, 5, 8. 130. taken b) FiivatLCio, 124^8. its fiac Parrots, 128, 9. Amap-tlU Gulphji. O. 121,2,4, 5,8. its Tidcs,W.95. To;vns, 0. 122, 5, 6. A napailay]. d. O. 122,4, 5,8. A;nbc'giefe, where found, O. -^2, 5,4. 4*77. where tr pro- fitable Trade to be driven for it, 480, i. a iarj^e piece of it, d, 75,4. found above Hi^h-watcr mark, //». and with Bcctlcb in it, ih. Counterfeit, where and vhat, 72,3. 477. VV. c;4. America^ its Brec/cs, W. 5^. and Savannihs, O. 87. its di- flarice from Afui rcckon'd toogre.it, 238. from Aftia too little, 239. Plantains, how eftednd there, and where found, 313,4,$. IMan^ains and Bonanos usd there as Bread, S.. 23. Bl'^od-wood and Stock wood, its natural f:5''ovvth, C. $7- Tobacco of th? Phi' I'lppines probably from thence, O. 333. its Sava^^es lefs fo thari fppjrted, 485. definus of Trade, S'. ii5. paint thcmfelves, 0. $37. and wcir skins nallily, 539. fee Athmtidi^CAy South Sea. North i4 /jer/Cit, Seals there, O. go. and where none, ib. (cc C.tHfoinia.Ni'J-En^lanJ^ 'Wt^-In.iies^I;\hinns, Mexico l^^ir^inra. South America, its Wed Courfc generally rocky, O. 90. its J-'fha^dSeals, /i. itsR )ck'{iih, 91. aidSnapp^rs, ib. itsCoafl. ingTrale wind broader thm the i4/r/Lvin in the fame Latitude, and vvliv,W. 78,9. wlirrethe C(jafl makes like that of 0«/V.i, and wlutthc e^eils of it, 80, i. Blooms or liot Blafls thencj, 0. '".... fee Allies, Bm^//, C/;///', T. de! Fuc'Cy \Vd\- India, Peru. Amy ( AniAs)\r[ C.;/«.t,i*s f adc great, 0. 417. and free, 418. Anatti (Octa) a Dye, vherc and what, O. 225,7. C. 7. 113. how us d by Indi id C . ifti, or wiicrc Cliffs and l\Oc'/c'.ib. See, Hi iDur-, [{ *6<. Anch'^wv, d pickled Fifh !i'.- jir*M&/^Y* 5^ ' 7: ''X Andes i M<. of Chilu ^'eru (Sierra N uve acta des Andes) the higheftinthe >orld, O. 94,5. caufc deep Sea's, 423. and the greatcll brea* li in the True General Trade- w. W. 78,9. and catch the UainSj^g. St, Andteasy]. its Cedars, O. 29. no provifion there, 31. Von/lr.gels, d. O. 239. Angola^ itsCoaft, d. W. 27. and Winds, 12. 13. 14. 38. $8. fticking-fifh there, $4. Anhuy^ fee Amo^ Aniniali, fee iieafts, Birds, Fi(h, Infers. St. Anns in Campeachy^ C- 120. C. St, Annsin Guinea^ its Winds, W. 16. 38. Coaft, 8. Annifccd, where, S. 6. a Berry calld fo by the Dutch^ 6^. wholtccpit in their Arack, 64. Aucs of fevera! forts, d. their Nefts, Travelling, Labour, Oe- couomv, &c. C.60, 1,4, 5. Ants- Eggs, where and why e- Aeeiii'd, ib, Whifc Ants, or Wood Lice, where, S. 127. Ai.i-Bears, ^.C. 59,60, i. jinte^ or Mountain-Cow, where found, and d.C. 102, 3, 4. ^/ re^o harrafi'd by the Caribbec Indians, C. 6. ,its Currents, VV, loi, lot,, a Hurriane there, d.6'i^<^^ 72. another, 70. AnthropophaJ or Man-Eaters, fee Canibals. C. Ant'jnio in Cuba^ C.9. 28, 9. its Currents, VV. loi, 5. Anvil, vvhr usd inftead of it, O. 3^2. Apples, wlierc, O. 532. Pi'ie-Appi: i, fruit, fee Pine. Arabickt where us'd in prayers, &•• O. 331. and ftudied, S.1 37. jiracun, China Ear.nen ware a Commodity there, S. 63. Arark, what and where, 0. 371. 420. S. 53. 78. i6j. drank with Hens blood, 83. a Drug like Annifeinfusd in it, 63, 4. and Snakes and Scorpions, 167. Arek-L;:'e and Nut (mifcaird Be^/e) d. O. 318,9. whereand how usd 311,8,9. 328. 33d. 355i9« 457» S. 54. i^uuti Men.u O. 149. Aricit Bi), Calms, VV. 14. ^Kc^iTown, O. Intr.iv. v. FuloAiii^ d. S. 158, 9. ArniSj^iiivcr Hoops worn on them, where, O. ^6$, Arms kept ntat, S. 70, i. fee Weapons. Armour ot Buffalo's hide, d. O. 432. 'Avn^jda {Spanijh) its Amval it For tobel, O. 171,9. 180. its gc- l» 5, 7, ^' Bancmlh i^^ i^^HrOnlU Bandit^ •■H \ Un /^---...; T..J... • • ■ T - to Bdni(t I. its Nut'rjc^s, 0. 4 17. Cloves near it, 317. Banditti maim'd and jrch, S. i^?, 9. B.in^ (Gan^a) intoxicaMng, ^. 135. Nnrth'Banh {i Cloud) Tec North. Kifhing-Bank^, C 21,2. o.Oyflcrs, 17.28. Saiid-Baik, \\\g\\,d. Q.iii, 4. Binks aVjut Villages, /here, S. 44. B.tntan, its Breezes, VV. ;j9. and Pepper, whence, ^. i92. Ft'mVj- there, what, 132. Theft how pa iiUhd, ijp. reverence done to the Ring, i ^2, 5. B/tt or Boutun, Kingdom, where, $. 5i. its Commodities and Trade, 6.[. Burbadies ravagd bv Cmbbelnd'nn^ 0.49$. C. 5. Courfe thither froiu yamnica^ VV. 40. from Guinta, 10. $3. its Curtents , Joo, 4. BarhccH, vv^itand ivhcr*, O. 20. S. 90. C. 12. 80. Sanfit BirhafA^ H.irhour, O. 45. Bark-Lo^sfor Kilhing, 0. 134. / 141,3,5. 153,4. for car- rying goods, d, 141, 2. whe^e usd, ih, and for what, i ^3. 214. for Tingle mcn,and where us'd,i43.i8p.(/.W.98. fee Catamarans. Bjrks, fee Shipping. Bark for Tanning, O. «;4. fi^|'/.Jv«'«^l Fleet, irs progrcfs, d.C.12'^^6. iaclFcftual,S. 117. Birly a' t ic C. of G3oi-4)pe, O. $3:. fijj/^fj'-Dri.ik, 0.4:2. (/ 4.31, 4, 5. B.i/hee^ or the Five lllands, O. 5^$. ^- fliufcsaidT. 01 Preci- pices, 4.8, 9, B^ats, 429. Inhabitants, their Ha)it,427. Fjod, 425, 9. 430, 3. E nploymcnts, 429, 433. Trade,G3vernni?nt,&". 431,2,4,5,(5, 7. Oeconomicks and Manners, 432,3,4. fee Bitl- laxvan, feeGrjafl. Graftan I. Afoniniuthl. Orange U and Bijhee I. properly fo cali'd, rf. O. 385.422, 5, 8. 431, 6. J^skets of P»i//nt?/#, O. 150. Baftinadoing, what and where, 0.337. fee Bam')oing, Pu- nifhments. Bcrgri^fc, O. 73. Beeves, in the VV. //i.i/?j-. ^^. 180, 1. Idolatrous >'acririce theit, O. ^9-', S. 59. The Fort, Ff^3, 4. the A. O. 420. S. 53« d. S. 180,3. JJ' gofern'd. O. 518. 510. 520. c. Gunner ofit, O. 512. $i8. S. i8^ irs Tiadt. iio, I. 182. Benial Bay, low Shores, O. 42<. itsVVind£,S. i79.VV.2o,r. Commodi ies, S. 145. 173. Tuttcr, d. 14?. a Vcncmoui- Bead there, 0. 321. Bengat-(.h3nnd by Achirty S. 122. Bermudas^ I. dangerous Coafts, 0,405. Cedars, 29. Palmcto- works, 1 50. Aniber^riefe, 74 . Berries us'd in Dnnk, fee Arack, Bafhee-Drink. Betk'Utt a leaf, d. (mifcali'd Arek) O. 319. S 24. how ub'd, 54* vvhcntc. 8. 25. bl4cks the Teeth, u8. fee Ajck.thinam. BiU- 1 ''«li I'-'Ei Bill birds, d. C. <^<;, 9. BirdsCand Fowls)whcrcnone,0. 51. 2 8 2. many or few as there isGrain,426.atSca,arignof Landncar,282.$^i.kiirdbya Hurri- canc,V V.7 1 . fraall^of fcvcral forts, O.52 1 .405. 420.S.26. fee Alga- trcfs, d. Bats, lar^e, d. Bill birds, d. Black fmal! Birds, /ti(^- birds, d. Tu'^kics. Turtlc'Dovcs. Black fm.il! Bird, d. O. 97. Black- bird, a fort, calld Chattcring-Crows, J. C. 6<,^o, C. HLnuo i>\ Africa^ its Sands blown off toSca, VV. 1$. C. BUncoof Brazil, itsCoaft, d.W. 80, 1. Weather, it. Wind:', 7. Current?, 105. C. Blanco of Mexico, d.O. 111,2. its Popogms, VV. 45. C Blann oi Peruy lies N.cf the Pacifick-Sea, 0.13:5.^. 138,9. 147. why hard to double, W. 33.40. its Tides, 95. and Cur- rents, 107. I. ISlaiho^ d. 0. 57, 8. its large Green-Turtle, 105, Blew Mountain in Jamaica^ C 8. Blcwficlds R. d. O. 33. its Manatee and Indians, i/5i. tlicir ftonc- hatchets, il>. 85. Blewpclds in Jamaioti C. 38. W. /\6. its lance-wood, 0. 1 18. Blood-wood, i/, O. 11$. C. 57, 8. fee Cam-wood. Blooms or HotBIafts, where, 0. 529. W. 47. Boats, what, where, and how us'd, O. 2. 292,8, 9. d, 429. d. 4?o. 492. W. 31. S. 8. 13. 14. 45, 8. none, where, 0.464,8. fee C anoa's, Oar?, Proes, T holes. Shipping. Bob- wood, O. 35. R. des Boccas^^. C. 1 18, 9. 120. toccii dil Drngo^ its Manatee, O. 33. and Savages, 486. Bocca-foro, its fite, and Careening,0.38. Green Turtlc,f3. 105. Manatee, 33. Vinello's, plenty, 23$. Savages, 38. 48^. Bodies of people, lee Complexion, Countenance, Features, Hair, Limbs, Shape, Stature. Botuwy (Bona)ie)\. d. its Road, People, Produft, O. 48. Salt- pond, 49. Water breeding Leg-worms, C. 90. how its Indians get Fue, O. 466. Bonano's, a fort of Plantains, d, O. 3i(5. drink made of them,/^. %vbcrc found, 0. 175. 183, 7. J98. 311.426. 546. S. 23. 124.153. 18 I.e. 5. fee Plantains, Plantations. Boneto's, Filh, where, 0.321. Bin^ieSf n ; King and People, <^. 4 $4, 5,6,7,8. inllavc and fell the l:;ljndcrs. 45^. r>ov with doublcrowsof Teeth, 4S7, 8. ftiy Turtle, .\<>i fee CalUfufupg. Bows and Arrows, where us'd^S. 72. W. io9. Coxes, lacker d for Chwam^':^. 54, $. Icithcni for Cartage*, 7-j, Cm^/V, approach d in £. //;i//e»T>y rtreight^, rt. S. 109. no. Bricks dried in the Sun, O. 1^9. 140. Brick, vshcre u:'d, ri, 411. S. 45,8. Brokers of Cf«rwn7^ , ?• Brooms ot Palmeto Leaver, O. 15:^. Buccankrs^ fee Privateers. Hill, of B«ccmj/m icferd to,0. Intr. HI. IV. 60. 2$:. 272. Buffadore^Kock and Spout,t/. O. 2:^2, 3. Buff-Jacket, a Plantain-Pudding, 0.314. Buffalo's, where, O. 320. 3$^. 3^5- ^7^- ^87. 406. 410.4V?. S.25. 30.127,9. i3i.drawthePlo.v and tread cut Ric(',0.4io,i. their Hides bought,49i. Coat-Armour thereof, 432. Butter of their Milk. d. S. 146. BHggajTcsy wiio, S. 108. Biv//.w4;j, a name for Gold, vv here, O. 45i-5n-a Wetal like Gold, fo calld, where and what, ^z6,i. 4 .; 1, 4, c,. Mincsof it,426. and Ear-rings, 42- .431, 2, r how burnilh d, 427, 8. 439. Bumkins, Water- Vcitels, O. 2. Burrs, troublelome, where, C. 48. . ., ^ , Eurton-wood, d. O. loi. where found, W. C 23. 4^. 37. makes good Coals, ib. <• c 1 Burying, alive, where and why, O. 4 32. fee buneral. ^^^^^ L * i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) V / A O %K% f/. y ^ 1.0 I.I ■-IM Mi 1^ M 2.0 1.8 11.25 ill 1.4 III 1.6 V] ^ //, dm 3^* V ^;. c^^..- .>. -.> M /-%:co by Boats, 244. 264. Pearl-Filhery and Trade, 173. 244. 254. Trade Wind, 245. its Indians Enemits to the Span'Mrds, 264. 272. a Root eaten by them, 275. (falUbar^ Old , W. 9. lo. 14. CallafufKng, d. 0. 454, 7, 8. fee Bouton, I. Callico's, Chints , ike. where and how a Commodity, O. 245. 5?3' S79. S,6i. 134. Cairns, aprcfageof ftorms, 0. 413. 451. W. 5i,5, 8, 9:72. Calm between S.and L. Breezes, VV. 27.41.C. 21. Calms where and when ufual, VV. 6. 8. 9. 11. 14. 20, 3, 5, 7. met by the A. O. 2.79. 82. 120. 135.400.413,5.448.451,8. 154. C. 20, I. Camh)diaf Gcnernl Index. Cambodia^ Kingdom, Women proftituted there, O. 395. iti Idols, ^97. Produftand Tr^de,399. 400, 1. S. 105. a profitable one to be liad there, 9. and how, 102, ^.Coaft andPoint,0.399. Iflands lying off it, 389. 390. fee P. Condot*. P. Vb). River, d. S. 10$, 6', 7. Pirates routed thence, ib. Cam-chain, and Cam-quit,Oranges, d S. 23, 4. Campeach)(Campeacbe)hiyA\id Countrcy,Coafi,Lagunes,River<, Towns,&c. ^.0.87424.0. 15,7.41 to 53, 5,5,8.79.83,5.92,3,4. 101,7, 8. 110, 1,7 to 122. its Bounds, 15.42. 123. VV. 32. 4. Soil, C. 42, 56,8, 9. VVcather,S. 32. VT. 82. C. 5$. Land-floods, S. 35. C. $5. 80, 1, 2* 91, 2.3. 108, 9. i22.VV.67.Storras,5j,7, C. 80, 1, 2. Fiftikill'd by them, 0.524. VV. 58. Winds, 15.^2, 4,5. Tides, 92. its Vegetables, O. 59. 62, loi. 123. 152. 166. 203. 23$. 253. C. 43, 5, 8, 9. $0, 5,7, 8. 79. 85. 94, 5. 102. 7, 9.1 1 1, 2, 3. feei.ogwood,Mangroves,Bea(ls, Infefts,44. 50, 2,3. i. 59 to 64. 74. to 78. 80, 4. 96, 2' d. 102, 7, 9. 1 1 1 to 1 1 5,8, 121. O. 87. Beef hunting, 81, &c. 97, &c. Birds, (/.5§oto 71. 1 14, 8, 9. Filh, 17. 44. 70. d. 7 1, 2, 3. 109. O. 33. 90. 10$. Commodities, Manufaftures, and Trade, b. 52. C. 17, 8.42, 3,5, 7, 8. §0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7. 80, 8. 95, 7^8. 1 10 to 1 1 $, 8, 9. 1 20, 1,2. 125, 5. Ship-woims, O. 353. Carriers there, 119. 121,2. Priva- teers, 43, $,^,7. 5CJ, 1,3,4. make Slarcs of the Indian Inhabi- tants, 43. Thcfe infulted by the Spaniards, 42. 113. and even their Negro's, 11 5. yetthe Villagers live comfortably, O. 124. C 112, 3. 5. till no more Land than barely for their fubfiflence. 119. ttidd of the Towns confift of them, no. their faod and drink, 4$. <^. 113. Cloathing, 46. 114. Government, Employ- ment, Marriages, Churches, Manners, 112, 3,4, $,5. 42, 3,7. fee Logwood- cutters, Spaniards, (for particular places)the Map, C. I. Campeachy-T. fort, Buildings, Trade, and Spaniards ^ C. 12^9. 20. 42, 3,4. d. 45,5. 113. taken by Privateers, 45, 6. p^. ilo. Log-wood call'd thence Palo de Campeachy^ 45, 7. Camphirc, whence, S. 128. Cam* wood, for l)ying Red, O.78. C. $8. Canales, I. d.O. 213. Caaeoy I. O. 215. Canes, how us'd, S. 29. l^or walking, where, 178. and hW gro-wifigjO. gSo.a Commodity,whcre,S. 167. i78.feeBaiTibo's, Rattans. Canibalsy whether any in the World ? O. 485. Stories of them refuted, ib. Inhabitants of the Ifles oiCambdls (Caribhe's) Tradd with Europeans y ib. hurt done by them, but why, 485, 5/ Canoa's, what, where and how us'd, O. 2. 3$. $15. S. 4. 118. how made, O. 214, §. by v/M Indians, 85. floating full of wa- ter, C. 12. hYmting in Canoa's, whereand how,C. 8i. fee Boat* made with Outlayers, rf. O. 480, r, 492, 5, ^, 9- fee Pro's. [-42] ^^ m i Gcncrd Index. bcrt C.inoa'f. maile of Cedar, 29. few Canoa's, where, iiry. CitiUon^ Cuy and l^rOv, of China^ its great Trade, O' 405, 6, Unufcs, 410. r/;/«ft-waremadc of a Clay there, 409. Courfe frcm Miunlht thitlicr, 405. Tea calld there, Ckau, 410. fee China^ St. Johns^ d. Ckiitit^ Macao. l'u!o Canton^ its Chochinchhcfef S. 6. R.Capalita, of 0. 23^. Capes, are dried, VV. 7 3. have moft Sea-Brcezes,28. and break (hem, ^2. have feidom Land-Br. ^3, 5, 7- d;)(? R. t\ut of C. Gratia Dio, focall'd, O. 128. Privateers ^0 up it into the S. Sea, 129. it Catarafts, ib. Capk xvhat and where ,0.4 18,9. S.42. i2 9.of Tallow.VV.m. Caraccos Coaft, its fmgular make, and produft,^/. W. 37. O. «;8, 9. 203.423,4. its Boundary and Trade, 63,4. its Cacao (beil of any) d. 59 to 62. C. 112. never bJi^hted, 0. 62. Fifh, 249. Winds, W. 15. 37. dry and fcabby. O. 63. Weather, ib' V/.Hi. the B/«e/?, O.331. their Jonks, where, and what, 39(5. 4© i. 417. S. \6. (^.0.401.412, 3. parted like Well-boats, 4i2.rheir Sails at and Marts, 412, 3. Cuflom of Meafuring Grange Ships, O. 35^. Wrecksat J. Prata, 40 $i ^. Their Merchants and Trade, how, and where, 308. 383>7)8.4i7.S. 8. 10. i$,i6. 35.65.134,^,7, 8. 162. bent upon i^ 1 5> 13^) 7. 1^2. Calh or Coin, 88. Chhm Camp or Fair, where, and what, 135, 7, 8. Accomptants, where, 0. 360. Mcchanicks, S. 136. J 67. ManuMures and Employments, <^c. O. 408, 9. China D/y/;f i, &c. made of what, f^. a Commodity, where, S. 63. their Chop-flicks, 84. Drinks, fee TeaySam-flm, Hoc-jhu. Fans and Umbrello's, 0.407,8. their Perfonages, rf.Hair of Head and Beard, fmall Eyes, and K. bit, 406, 7, 8. 426. Ingeny, 409, lo. Cuftoms,4o7, 8,9. arefober, S. 137. but love Gaming unmcafur- ably, 42. 135. 162.0. 409, 10. and hang themfelvcs when all is loft, /i, their Religion, hideous Idols, (S-c. 396,7. 411, 12. S. 59«Rcnegadovrh:re, 138. C/;/n '.ere, 431. Old, a Commo- dity, where, 13,72, d, 489. C. 120. where littleor none worn, fee Naked. Of Skins, where ufed,:464. $38,9. What Cloaths, and where worn, 327.407, 8. 419. 427. S. 42, 3. 129. C. 45. 11$. fee Armour, Breeches, Caps, Coats, Frocks, Hats, Jjck- ets, Ornaments, Petticoats, Salh, Scarf, Shoes, Slippers, Stockins, Turbans. Cloth, long, 0. 327. Cotton, 427. S. 42. C. 46. 1 14. Plantain, .S. 8. Language, O. 394. Beligion, 396. anold Pilottherc, 398. 400. CoH£'>, R.0. 7. 15. d. 193. Conies, w'acrc, VV. 109. /«t/wn Coneys, fee Racoons. Cookery, what and where, O. 79. 294. 315, 4. 329. 357, c. 429.430.473, 4 4?8, 9-490. S.. 27, 8.30,1. 129. C. 18. Coolecan R. ( LulUcan) O. 264. A rich T. by it trading for Pearl, ib. Cooling or en^cndring time of Turtle, fee Turtle. Copper-rings, a Commodity, where, C. 119. C. Coquibocoa, its Currents, V V. i o i . Coquimbo^ whence its Timber, 0. 140. Coral-bank, where, O. 50. Cordage, what and where, 0. 223. 294, 5. Cordial, of Snakes and Scorpions, where ub^d, S.53. Q.CQrnentes'mMexicoy its Winds, and how and when to be made,0. 245. 257. d. 256 to 261. its Longitude 255, C. CorrUntcsm. Pernod* O. i74* CB] C. dyriintis General Index. ^v: C. Cnrrkntes of Cuba^ C. p. 29. go, I. itG Currents VV. loi. CCorricntesoi i4[/>/c4, its Winds', VV. 19. Corrr.or^nts, d. and n here, C. 69.71. Corn, where, O. 7«;.99. 114. 253. Sec Barley, (J«/ne<-Corn, Waiz, Millet, Rice, Wheat. Corn Iflands, and their Indians^ d. 0.^1^2. Coromandel^ its low Anchoring Coafts,0. 425. Winds, VV.48. Storms, 73, 4. Weather, 85. Famines, ^d Sale of Wives and Children, S. 37, 8. 50. 1 ^0. fee Catamarans. Sec Cunnimere, Fort St. George, Pallacat, Pontkherri, Trangambar. Coronada Mount^OT Crown-hniH^d.O. 2$5. Corpus Sant.n Meteor, and what afignof, O. 414,^. Cono/c), a Bird, whpre, O. 39. C.65. 118. d. C. 67. Bones pol- fchouj,/^. C. Cor/o,it5 Rains, VV. $3. Variation and Tides, 55. Corunra (the Gre/>j) bad Beef there, why, S. 31. Co'Ij Ricftt it'o Lacao, O. ^9. Cotton Shrub, Cotton and Cloath, wher-e,0. 1^5. 384.425,7. S.42. C.46. 1 J 5. *vhcrr a Commodity, S. 145. Cotton-trcig (vafl and foft) where found,andits kinds, ^y 9' 450, I, 2. $27. 531. 549. S. 6, 10. 109. C. 28,9. 30, I. 125, 6. VV. 7.8.18.23, $. 33, 9- 40* 5I53J 2, 5, 5. Courtiers all Learned, how and where, S. 39. Courts of Ju'iicature, where none, S. 80. Cows, fee Beeves. Mountain- Cow, fee j^rte. Sea Cows, fee Manatee. Coxumel I.e. 9.29. Crabs, CSea) where, S, 27. C. 70. Crabs (Land) where, O. 473. S. 27. 5>^. and their EgRS, 75. their boldncfs, 39^ 7^' greedy of Dogs, and terrible to them, ib. Carr'on-Crows,fce Carrion. C''attcring-Crows,fcc Black-Birds. Larer4Cr«;^ (and Sx.Johnd'VUoa) C. 45. 120, i. d. 124, 5. Courfe thence, VV. 105. its ComiTU(ni«tion and Trade, C. 12c, 1,$. 0.180,$. 244. 25i. 277. taken by Privateers, C 126, Hawks-bill Turtle, O. 104. Old VeraCru^^ d, C 127. C. deCrux^ in Cubuy its Currents, W. 101. Ventdde Crti:(es, O. 185. Cuba I. C. 9. r.9. 30, 1, 9, 4. its Savannahs, O. 87. its Eeercs and Hog-Crawls, 168. C. 53. 98. Commodities, O. 45. 227.We.T- tber, VV. 85. Currents, 105. fee C. Antonio^ C. deCrMx,% C Coy- rientes, I. of Pines, and S.Kcvs of C«3^,C. 31. d. W. 35. Winds, ib. ftor'd with FifH and flem, C. ^7. O. 99. io5, 7. Cubebs, where, S. 198. Cudda (Queda) good Tradc,0. 495. life of Oil there, 537, C«nmmere,anEngli(h Faftoryin Coromandely O. $09. Cups of Coco-Nut, O. 294. feeCalabalh. Cure, of Amputations, 138, 9. of Leg-worms, a ftrangeone^ C. 90, t. of Difeafes, fee Alligators Cods, Bathing, Cam-chain, Herbs, Mangaftan, Sago, Sands hot, Vine-wMd. Curlews, great and fmall, d.C. 69, 70. Currafadf or (^erifao, a Dutch I. O. 4$. ^. /[6. W. 40. its Currents, 101, 4. defir'd butmift by the French, O.47. 50. Currents, their kinds, courfcs,&c. d. W. 100 to 108. foakin* and Counter-Currents, what, 104. influenc'd by Trade-Winds, 90.100, 3. (Irengthen'd by a contrary Wind, 0. 401. forward or retard the Log, 290. how they differ from Tides, W. 90. loo* whatand where, 4.20. 32,3. $i,$, 5, 7. O. 57. 199.290.401,$^ 452. 494. S,i$6. C. 26, 9. , Curtana*s, what and where us'd, 0. 400. S. 70. 80. Cuftoms, O. 327. fee Arts atid Artificers, Begging, Children, Cloaths, Cookery, Cure, Dancing, Drink, Lntertainments, Feafts, Fighting, Fifhing, Food, Funeral, Gaming, Government, Hunting, Houfes, Husbandry, Learning, Manners, Marriage, 0rn*« ments, Religion, Shipping, Singing, Slaves, Trades, YValhing^ Women, Writing. t). Dimmer a fort of Pitch and Pigrticnt, where, O. 514. Dampier^hii Education, and ftrft Voyages to France, New foundlandj and Bantamt^vA back to England, C. i. 2. 3. S. 123,4* W.4. 5, to Jamdca^ Q* 4.7.8. and Camfeach/, 9 to 17. he [ B 2 3 rctwrni^ I*, m Genera! Im/rx. Returns, 19. is in djnt;erof the Spamards^ 20. 34, 5. of fhip- wrctk, 22, 3, 6. and rtirvii-ij^ at Sc.i, 56, 7,8. but recovers Jw w.i/t.<.38,9. His fecondVoyage to Campeachy^ind ruftin;;of Log- \TOod, 41.8^, ^, 7,8, 9.91. 128. 150,1. kisdanpcr lrc?inaSnake, 6:,. Alligators, 82. 100. a Leg-worm (drap^fly . ur'dj 8p. >>o. i, lofingintlie Woods, 8:5,4, 5. a violent Storm and i* I )nd, 91,2,5. VV.(55,7. and return to Jaimika and EnglavJ^ C. 1 ^i, 1. I'cgocs again to 7atN.andF. Moon. $41. I. Thackers, O. 361, 2. Dancing VVomen, d^rc.d. 340. i, 2. S.146. Datiesoi St. Thomas^l. O.46. of 7r<rofy, Scurvy, Small-pox, Worms. Itching in the Anus^ fee Penguin- fruit. Di flies of Coco- nut-HiclI, 0.294. Ditches and Drains, what and where, S. 25. 98. 44, 5. Dogs where, 0. 122. S. 25. C. 67. 75. VV. 55. wlicre none, 0.^69. wherccatet), S.^o, i. coveted by Alligators and Cro- cod iles, and fearful of them, C. j6. not fufFer'd to eat what bones, 57. Englih one where valued, O. 302. Do;-fifh, where, C. 12. 35. Vom^a. R. and Bar (a branch of ran^M//i-R.)andT.t/. S. 10, 5, p. 21, 9. <^o. Doves of three or four forts, where, S. 128. fee Turtle-Doves, Pigeons. Doughboys or Dumplins, C. i8. Dragon-tree, and Gum (Tragacanth) d. and where, O. 455. Sir Fr,l>rake\ Bowels where buried, O. 39. I. Plata nam'd from him, 132. his taking GrM4/«/to, 233. Courfe over the 5. Sea, 280. Land-Crab found by him at an Ifle near Celebes^ 473. Draughts or Carts Erroneous, fee Miftakes. Drift- ,vood, what, and where, O. 230. Drink long abftain'dfrom, yet Urine voided, O. 282. Water the common Drink of Indians, 431. where Corn-drink of Maiz (Pofole) O. 12. rf. C. 43. 113. with Honey, ib. Rice-drink, 0.368,9. SamfliHy 419. of Wheat, fee Hocfhu. Of Millet, W. 1 10, 1, of Sugar-Canes and a Berry, fee Bajhee-^t\vk. Water fwccten'd jumI fpicd, O. 359. Pioc-drink, a Canoaof it, 10. L B 3 3 Flaotaia- .■•!■ ! Genera/ Index, Plantain drink, 514, 5. Bonano*drink, gi^. Milk, four, W. itr, f,33i.Po(fe(fions and Trade in the W.IndieSf 45> <^i 7 J 2' ^h 4- C* po* 12^. fee Aruba^ Bonairy, CurrafaOy Ta- bago. In the £. Indies^ O.318. 333. 4$5. S. 145,8. Veffels bought and new fitted, $. 1 10, i. they cngrofs the Spice-Trade, 0. 315. 350. S. 1^4, 6. dcftroy the Spice, O. 3i'5, 7. inflave or awe the people, 316. 331.366. S. ii$,dt, 8. 164,5. with Guard-ftiips, 163,4. *73> 4* therefore hated and dreaded, O. 316. 331.350,9. 366. 456. S. 1 17. Free Merchants of them excluded the Spice- Iflands by the Company, O. 317. yetallow'dto Trade where the Company nor, i3. S. 135,6. other Spice-Iflands yet free, J.3 50. 513. Their Faftory a:.d Trade itTonquin^ S. 10, i, 21 3, 6. 26.41. (their houfe, d) 49. 51, 2. 61, 3, 4, 5. intrigue with Women* Brokers, 51. Places got by them, 162. W. 56.O. 54$. and loft aga'n,fi. narrowly mift by them, S. 182,3. D«rc/> Ship furpriz'd, O $1, 2. eaten witti Worms, 362. fee BatAvU^ V* Dindin^i C. Good Hope, Macaffer^ Spice- Iflands. Dyes, what and where, S.61, 4. poifonous us'd for dying the Teeth black, 41. fee AnattaorOtta, d. Blood-wood, d. (or Red- v/ood of Nicoya^ or Nicaragua-xvooA ) Cam- wood, Cochineel, d. Indico, d. Logwood, d. Sappan-vioody d. Silvefter, d. Stock- fifh-wood, d. The Skin dy'd or ftain'd by Indians, O. 538. fee Dammeri Painting. £aFS General Index, E. EArs bor'd with wood in them,0. gs.Ear-ring'-, 427. 514. Earth yielding Salt-pet re, where, C. u. lee Soil. Earthen- ware, what and where, O.250. S. 61, 5. C. u<,. foe China-ware, Jars. Eatinp,, how, O. 929.430. a Probation for Souldicrs, S.61, Ebb, long, a prefageof a Storm, W. 66. 70. fee Tide- Eels, where, S. 1 28. E{(g8,found,eatcn,tradedfor,0.i4'22. 54.75. soo.S.^o.W.iir, of Boobies and Penguins eaten, O. 159. of Eftriges, 464. $33. of Land-Crabs, C* 33. of Alligators (musky) 79. of Crocodiles, ib. Ants-Eg^s, fee Ants. See Birds. Egg birds, d. and where, O. $4. C. 23, 4, 6. Pieces of fiigAf traded with, how and where, 0. 245. Elephants, whercand what, and ht)vv ordered, S- 22, 5. 47.594 73.142,4,5. Elcphant-Idols, where, S. 55,7. 91. Elephant-Mountain, at Tonquin^ 1 1. 19. Elephnnta, a Storm, c^. W. 74, 5. Empahng where us'd, S. 140. Employments, what and where, O. 395. fee Artificers, Fifh- ing. Trades. England, Englifl) Chmndy moft Regular Tides, W. 9:. great, 97. {ccE..Coker. EngUjh, PofTefTions, and Trade in the W. Indies, O.54. 227, 48$. C. 4. 5. 98. 126. fee Caribbe-lHindi, Jamaica, Logwood- Cutters, Privateers. In Africa, O. 78. fee Guinea, Saniia Hellena, Jiatal. In the E. Indies, Faftories and Trade,and Engitj}) E.India. Company, S. 101,2, 3, 8, 9. 0.355,8.401.470.509.512. ill managed where, S. 101,2,3. 183,4.145,8. at Tonquin, 10,1, 2, 3,5.41. (their hoiife, <^. ) 48,9. 5i, 3,5. 85to 90. ici, 5. at Achin,0. $02, 3,4, 5. S. 130. i4$.(prefentto the Queen, 14 5,5.) &c. at Malacca by ftealth, 111. i65. able men to be imploy- cdinFdftories, 102. Trade to be improv'd, S. 102. how and where,/6.io3. O- 54. 315,7. 331. C.i3i.wherc defir'dto fettle,p. 315,7.331. 349.359.438, 9. W. 1 12. and Trade, S.5. welcome to it, 135. well fpoken of, O. 455, 5. thought iefs incroachirg than the Dutch or Spaniards^ 331 . 355. once traded to Formofa^ 421. how they got Bencauli, S. 182, 3. and Santla Hellena, 0.'45. Englifl) Women there, d. 548. Exploits under the K. of Siam^ S. 105. 5,7. reward, 108. feme Mafl'acred there, others leave it, 150,1,2, 3. War with Siam, O. 504. and with \\\t Mogul ^ S. 145. 178. fin^///Z> fummon'd to Fojrt St. George, 153. Renega- do s, 138. EngUjh at Borneo, 0. 370. 504. See Bencokli, Cunnimcre, Fort St. George fJndraporc^EpgliJh Sea m^n (carcc and valuable in the m I General Index, the E. Indies, S. 112. carclefs of their health, W- 42. fcrve the M^til^ O. 507. ufe Azjmuth'Com^z{{'cs, s^i. fcldom touch at the C. Good /lope-y and their Courfc to double it, ib. fee Baibados^ Courfc, Guinea^ Jitmai:a, India. Entertainments, how and where made, O. 323. 355,9. 454 to 439. 457. 485. S. $3,4, $. 78. C. 113. W. no, I. enjoyn'd as a Mulft to end Quarrels, S. 78. fee, under Manners good, Hofpi table. Equator or EquinoHial, (the Line ) not fo hot as near the Tro- )'/c(\f, and why, S. 32,3. what Winds and Weaihenherc, and near it, 7^. O. 2. 100,8. no. 549. W. 6. 7. 8. 9. 11. 53,4. 80,2. whyS. Winds there, <5. 7. whenand where beft to crofs it,VV.$. 6,$i^'^^6. and how to be done, 6. 7 . 9. from St. Hdlena; O. 549. Efcondedo R. and Port, C. 48. Eftantions or Beef- tarms, fee Beeves where. Eftapa in the .9. Sea, d- and its Mufcles,0. 250. Ejiapo in Campeuchy^ d. C. n®, i. in vain attempted, ib. Count d G/?re"jExpedition,VV. 46.0. 47. Shipwrcck^i^. «;o,i. Eftndges,(Oftriciges)and their Eggs(eaten) where,0.4c54.533. Ethic^s^ (Moral iMiilofophy) ftudied at TonqAin^ S. 60. Eunuchs, where the almoft only prcferr'd,S.io.8i, 2. and why, 85. their qualities, 83, 4, $. Voluntary Eunuchs, 81,2 £«ro;)e,plcnty of Seals in the N. of it,0.9o. fee Gallicia^England* Europeans ^hlCd by the Women, where, O. 327. Children born of them in the \V. Indies^ cali'd Crioles^ 6%. Prifoners fent to Mexico, C $.}. fee Danes, Dutch, Englijh-, French, Portu^uefey Spaniards. Eyes (fee fight) fmall, O. 32. 170. 39^ 407. 427. meanly proportioned, 297. black, 32. 395. 478. $37. S. i28.hazel,425,7. Eye- brows, lunging over the Eyco,0. 32. thick, 425. great, 4:54, 537. Women withnone, 479. Eye-lids, half clos'd to avoid FJies, 0. 4^4. F. FAces, where people of Round, O. 32.42^. Oval, 325, $37. S. 40. (Negro-make) W. no flattifh,0. $37. S.4o.long, 0.7.44. 170. 297. 395. 407.4^4. 478. S. 128. full, 0.32. thin, 170. yvomcn rounder Vifag'd than Men, where, ^26, well fea- tur'd,i6. fee Complexion, Countenance, Features. Factory, what Men beft for fettling one, 0. 352, 3. S. 102, 3. Conjlant Falcons power at Siam, S. 95. io8, 9. 1 10. 1 52, Famines, where and how occafion'd, S. 37, 8. 130. Fanam^of Coromandelj how m.ich, O. 508. Fansof Palmeto-leaves,to blow the Fire,0. i $0, i. Feafts, at Weddings, O. 3 34. at a Circumcifion, 339. 342. Ido- latrous, 39> Annual, 53,5. Funeral, -45, 6,7. J^ifh and I 159- 181. 2< 400. 429.4^ i» 7, 8, 9. " C. 12, 3,$. Boneto, Bn Gar-fifh,. fertility, 87, <5. fifh, ^9. 90,1. ftrength^ lb. Herbage, C2. a Hack Fowl there, 97. Hiftory of a Mosl^ta- man left there, 84, 5, 5. I. Fernando de Noronhoy d. W. 5^, 7. ^etifferosy or Negro-Friefts, S. 83. Feavours, Men taken with them, 0. 79^ where frequent, 15;. 297.334. a malignant one, 224.230. what bad for them, $.23^ good, ib. Fij;hting,m«nner of it, where,0. 357,8. where none, 515. fhor£ andhafty, 8.74. fighting to death, a punilhment, 141. Indians loth to fight in the Rain, 176. Mock-fight, O. 339. 340. fee Cock-fi(»hting. Fir-tree, where and howus'd, S. <52, 4. Fire, how ^ox. by Indians.^ O. ^66, of what wood^ ftrong, C^ 50, 7. Fires feen in the night, where, O. 459. 382. a Spanijh fi^nal, f^. and Privateers, 252. Laws andProvifion againft Fires, i>. 45, 6, 7. and Punifhraent, 79. ^i(h and Filher-mcn, what and where, O. 2. 9. i ic.134. 141, 9, 159' 181. 241, 2,3.257.275. 283.297. 321.348. 3S8. 395,7,9- 400.429.448. 4d3' 474.480, 5, 9. 514, 5. 533. S.6. 8. II. 20^ I, 7, 8, 9. 30. 4?. 64. 89. 128. 130, I. 142. 162, 3. 175,0. 181. C. 12, 3, 5. 21, 2,5,5. 31,4. 71,2, 3. 124, 7. \V. 110, I. fee Boneto, Breme, Cat-fiiTi, d. Cavally, Dog-filli, Eel, Fl) ing.fifli, Gar-fi(h,j)yf'EJheeS:, Petit-Guavresy Pri- vateers. Frefh- water Lagunc in Camfeachy, d> C. 94. fee Water. Friers, feePriefts. Friday, the Mahometan Sabbath, 0. 338. 377. the fame day at Mindanao, as in Europe, ib. Frocks, what and where vrcrn, d. O. 327.408. d, C 114, fold, 119. Frogs eaten, where, S. 2$, 7. 31. 5$. Fruits which Birds have peck'd, wholefome, O. 39. but few Birds where Fruits and Roots onIy,and noGrain,426. what juice unripe fruits have in both India's^ 222. A fmall fhell-fruir and bufh, d. C. 94. 120. one like a Sloe, S. 125. Fruits growing .vild, 0. 258. none in AT. Holland^ 464. fee Annife-berry or fruit, Apph, Arek-;iur, (/. Avogato- pear, ^. Bctle leaf, fee Trees, Bo- nano, d Bread-fruit, d. Cacao, d. Cam-chain, d. Cam-quit, d. Citron, (/. Coco, f;^. Coco-plum, d.D\xx\Ai\., d. Grape-tree of C^w- peachy^d.of'^. CWore,rf.Guava,(^. Hog-plum,i. Jaca,(^.Lichea,^. Lime,<^. Maccaw, Mammee, d. wild Mammec,J,4. Rs Mou».^.'ius 8, g. . 133. . 33^. ?-.o, 1, O, ,^ ^c. anc'J':* i-ug, rich d bv It, 5. i'-i3,4. ^ Imag.c, and ( 130,1.0. ^^ Gold-Co Aj Weather, Ti Golden I. W. 36. G»ldenAfo Pulo Gomi Gongy wiia GongOy a pi C. LopeT^d C. of Go.'fl Capt.Go/3i/i Gorgonia, F Governmt 354, $• (at : fat Acbitjy ur Form of it, [ Mandarin,Pr Grafton-l. Grain, fee Gramadaei R. Grande R. Grande Grapes, w 0. 392. of ^ Grafs, whi *3i. 240. 2 94* 108. ii( nure Grount »n4 how us'c ce to Guamy . the Trees, s and feed, good Stage, flota* ' lot Blooms e, tb» good . fee Boats, Idren gam'd 5, f^. ftrong 34)5' S. 44) Forts. rofpeft,&c. open Air^ 7. it wants atrous Fro- ,0.391,2, J07. 33?' 125. awan,GoId. near it, ib. ns, C. iip^ eadth of its f the A. in ition to be ftormy General Index, ftormy Monfoons there. ^''.74,$. Gn45 8.^5. 30.127. W.$o, kill'd bv Winds, il rot k'l <- m rhcOv^iurf, O. 429. yet their Skiur> ind Mawseuten,/^. 4 30. Skins drcft,a CommQdity, where, J42, 3. ^.'4. (7o.t^-[ rf the Bafl)ees, d. O. 385. 422, 5. Gold, mdrd tor, O. log. 170, 1.33'^. S. 5i, 4. 129. i$i,2. takcu !>v v..-ight «nd little coin'd where, 1 32. nf China and Japan, S. v'1,4. R2 e ot it, what and where,6i. 132.0. 355.Gold Mines, Mouv^.'i:,s and Riv.rs, and Gold gatiicr'd, where, 4i.i>4. 153, 8, ... \Si. 171, 5-8. 193, 4,5. 211.260, 1, 6,<^, 273.307,8. 310. 333. ?'.o, 1. 387. 513.^.22.61,4. 127, 9. 133,4. "and perhaps, O. , -^ ■) .^Cc. fee BnUawun. how gather d, 1 ^ 3. 195. Lumps of it, and r:> r-ug, where, lb, S. 133, 4. Indians and thcjr Padres in- rich'd l>v it,0. 124. i9$.3o8,GoldCoantreysall unhealthy,! 5^. S. i|;3,4. Kirgs,&:c. worn, O. 305. 514. fee BuUawan. Gold- Ima^ti, and Gilded Pagoda, S. 152. Gold-fmiths, working, where, 130, i.O. 331, 2. Gold-Coaji o{ Guinea, Trials there by Bitter Waters, S.3.83. its Weather, Tides, and V.'riation, W. $2, 3. fee C. Corfo, Golden I. of the Samballos^ its Turtle, O. J 82. Breezes, L. W- 36. G^ldenMountainxn Sumatra, d.O, 199. S. 121. 133. Pulo Gomexj, d. S. 122, 3. 142. Gong, what and where us u, O. 338. S. 69. 7$, 7. Congo, 3. punilhing Inftrumcnt, d, S. 79. C. LopeT^de Gonfalvo, fee C. Lopf:^. C. of GO:}d Hope, fee Hope. Capt.Goodlads Trading in thcE.India and to C/>//;^,0. 308.349.' Gorgmia, \. d. O. 172. very wet, why, W. 8$, 6. Government, where A 'bitrary ( damping L duftry ) O. 326. 354» $• (iit Tonquin the C/jo.vrf and Pageant Bona) S. 42. 56, 8,&c. (at Achin,\xndcr Oromkeys^ and ^ Pageant Queen) 141. where no Form of it, bur domefiick only, O. 432. 465.479. W. 112. fee Mandarin,Prince,Punifliraent, Shabandcr. Grafton-h of the BaJJjees, d. O. 385. 422 ,5,6,8,9. 436. Grain, fee Corn. Small, in Africa, fee Millet. Cramadael, an Herb, 0. 1 1 1 . R.GnWe, rapid, O. 42. its Mouth, 43. R. Grande de Darien, fee Darien, R. Grapes, where and what, O. 532. Grape-tree of P. Condore^d* 0. 392. of Campeachy, <;^. C. 49. makes ftrong Coals, ib. Grafs, what and where, O. 54,5, 7. 87.112,3. 121. 132.218. 231.240. 265. 347. 406. 416. 426. 463. $32. S. 24. C. 48.^,8, 94. 108. 119.W. 109. fet on fire to burn Enemies, 265. to ma- nure Ground, C. 58. noncia deep Seas, O. 393. Silk- grafs,w here and^howus'd,VT. 110. L ^ 3 ] C Gratia I ' ■ i ■s I ! General Index. C.Cfr4^/\/ D/(?xJtsTrade-w. VV. 17. vrcathcr, 82. Currents, 101,2,4,5. its River, fee Cape R. Grcafing the Body, where us'd, 0. 557. Capt. GreenhtUs Letters to the A. VV. 49. $3. Gripes, where frequent, 0. 1$ 3. $34. Groopci", fee Rock-fifh. Groves, w!iat and where, 0,^2. 2 $3. S. 24. 44. C. 6, 107. fee Woods. IdoI-Grovc, where, 0.41 1. Guam{Guahon) I. of the Lacfrones^ its Tides, VV.9^. brisk Trade- w. thither, 11. O. 28$, 6. its Diilance from Mexico, va- rioufly rcckon'd,and how found, 279. 280, 2,3,5 to 8. . 90. what from Mindanao^ 288. -^06. the Stage of the Acapulco-fhip, yoing out, 24$. 283. 29c, 1. Gmm.d. 29o,6<:c. its fruits, 291. fi(h and Jnduns,2^j, tlieir Proe's, ^, 298, 9.300. Hogs, 302. Fort and Spaniards, 300, &0. Time rcckon'd there as in Enrobe, 377. Guamhaquo, Tort to Truxillo, O. 98. Guano, (?'. and where, O. $7. loi. 177. 212. 253. 320. 392. C. 50,9.63.95. 1 1 8. VenemousBeaft like it, 0.32 1.392. Guards of Princes, what and where, O. '^35.455, 7* S. 6^,8z. Guard-(hips(DM^c6) where and why kept, 163,4, I734« ^ C. Gardafuer (de Quardafuy) 'ts winds and vveather, VV. 20. Giiafco, whL'irce its Timber, O. 140. Guafickwalp {Guax.KOctlco) R, d.Q. 121,2,3. QuatimaU City and V )Icau,rf. O 225. 230. produft, 22 $,7,9* Coarthigh, 425. low thenceto Crt/ifornw, it. Currtnt, VV. io3. Guatuko {.\^\xzt\x\oy) Port,^/. itsBuffadore, O -.^2,3,9. its Tides, 258. VV. 9'j. T. here once, taken by Sir.i*V.Dr4^e,0.2 33. Guava, d. and where, O. 222. 258.311, S. :3, 4. 124. j8i. C. 94. 107, 8. FethGuavre {French Torfuga) O. 30, i. 45. $4, 5* ^92. C. 53, VV. 46. Guaxaca, its Cochineel, O. 3219. Guiaqml or VVyakiI,Bay, R. andT. d. O. 147, 9, 150,1,2,6, iij vain attempted, i53,&c. when taken, 157. Port to Q;//^f>, 152. its Commodities, /t. 60. 96.140. 152. Rains, 140. unheal- thy, 153.^ LnGmare, (Forto deGuayra) ,6. Paim-winc*. O. yO. 248. Plantains, 315, its Negro's Coal-black, a6j,, j'/e.ifc themfclvcs, 537. Trade for Slaves, 510. Women, (even the King s) proftituted, 395,6. fee C. St.Ann^ old Cal- l^bary R. Gabon y Gold-Coaftf Loan^Oy C Lopes^ de Gonfalvo^ C Mount or Bite of Guif^eu Guinea Gk''n.\i fciVuGu Gum, Gumsc Guns, j S. 6p. 70. 354* turn O.iiS.Gui Guts eat Guziirat R. de la Icons touch Hair of] Si:" 5- 40". I 525,(^.395 S. 4c, 1:8, 464. c;^-:, ^ ncje fafhior Moft cut o O. 186. hnv O. 538. wit Multitude,* Eye- brows, Half-mon Nallnver i JialpOy d. Hammoc' Ha»nazo. Harbours. 151, 2. i~6 254,6. 321. S. 173. C. 4 0. 300., ami Harnmtitn Harp'.'onL- Harvcflii ■*ii a year, S. fee Rice, Hats, vhs Commodity Currents, J. 107. fee .-, Brokers ac Achiti', S.ii^. 134, 5, 7. H. R. delaffacha.d.O.^^. itsStock-filh-wood, C. 58.theGa'.'' Icons touch there, O. i8<. and 8arlav:nta-b'kcT, C 126. Hair of the head, where black, O. T. 3.. 44.170. 297,325,^. 395.407.427. 454.478. S. 40. 128. Lark or ftrcight, O. 7. 325,6.395.427.4^4. 478. S. 40. Long, O. 297. 320. -107.464. S. 4c i:8. Thick, O. 427. S- 40. Short, cuiTd or crifp'd, O. 464. <;3-. W. 108. no. fhortncdto the Ears, O. 427.438..C/;i- ncje fafhion of it, 407. S. >$. and fond ncfs for it, 32. fee Chinefe. Mofl cut v-^i^or fhav'd, fee Tartars. Cut oif to prevent Feavours, O. 186. how ^icd by Women, 326 407. C.i 14. ftuckwith fhells, O. 538. with Tallow and leathers, W. iii. fhewn, to exprcfs a MuJtituucO. 514. O^^tbcliieard, fee Beard. Of the Brows, fee Eye-brows. Hcrlc hair red wo'n in Caps, 419. Half-moon-l'iots, d. where, S. 5. Hallnver in Cctmpeiichy^ d. C. i -o. Ualpo^ <^.C. m, 9. Haniraocksof /«< wnc C. 6$. 11$, Ha,iiar,o, its Shrimp-trade, C. 127,8. Harbours, what and wbefre, O.46.$o,6. 76. <^^. 151, 2. I ~ 6. 18$. 193, 3. 215, 7 2^1. 232, 3, 254.^-?2i-378. 3b'3, 5,7, 8. 390,4. 417. 42i.454,'8. 533, ^• S. 173. C. 4.:, 3,4.0. 125,5, 7.W. 35. 74. onwhatCoafts beft, 0.309.. andho^vmadc, 42Z, 3,4,5- Harmatans^ Winds, d. VV. 49. 50. Harpr'on: or Fifgigs, O. 2. 7. 8. 9. 10. d. 35, 5, 7. C. 13. Harveft in the Torrid-Zone is in the Dry feafon, VV. 81. Two in a year, S. 25. dependb oa the Ajinual Rains and Floods, 37,8. fee Rice. Hats, vhat and where, made, 0.150. wfern, C 114. S. 43. a Commodity, O. 76. 115. C. 1 10. 120. ' Hatchets, in, 8,9.120,5. 9. 243, to 7, ?. ; * General Index, Hatchets, what and where, S. 131, i8r*aC/)m'nodity, whercj 0,41.119. Stone-hatchets, ^. and where, J 5. 455. fee Akc* //«tv4/in^ in C«64)^j7- 98.128. (eating fifhy,f3.) VV. 109. Iced fcr th.m, 0. 166. and Decoys of them, i68. tiic VV. Indies how flock'd ^ \ with with ther O. 429. ( d. O. 436 490. 515 Hog. Ill Hog.pl Kewh 4^2. its L 3$i.Difcc Coaft, d. %,0. 3: forne Flic! fiftence, 4 ofCloaths tb' fear of 485. grea Hondnrti wet, 230. J 05. Amb C. 103. Lc firft Tradii Honey, i Hooks ai Hoops, c C of Goa do it, 531. W. i9.Brc O. 331. to Profpcft, 5 ments and Fort, T. ar popotamus, d Horizon, The Dawn 1 Horns of : Horfes, w 532. S. 25., eaten, 259. Horfe-hoc Hofpital, ' Hottentots their Make J and way of 1 $4i.W. 55. Houfes, VV 365.387. 41 B54C.115. Cicnc)\d hiJcx. with them, C. 98. not kill'd, nor the Guts mcdicd wifli, uhci. Hog- plum-tree a fruit, t/. and where, O. r 2-^. New Holland^ reckon'd too far tn the K. O. 289. and tofhr Ni 462. its Lat. to be kept, by what Ships, 289. how to be co.ifltd 3$ I. Difcoverics to be made, 5';2. Dangerous ShonI nc.ir it, Kw,2.* Coaft, d. 4-2,5. Tide*, 462, 9. VV. Ps. Manatee jnd Tiirtic, (hy, O. 33.449.465,4. Vegetables and Animals4'^2. 3. trouMc- Ibme Flies, 464. The forry Inhabitant^, d. 4^34, &c. '4 v. lul). fiftence, 46s. weaponf, 4(56. ft-ar of ^tranj^crF, 4'^7. diCcllrrm^ of Cloathb, i&c. 468. avvkardnefsat work,^.;rcfdineIsincunontv, lb' fear of Guns, 469, greafing themfelvcs, 557. penury, 4:^4, $,c3. 485. greater than The //ofrrwro^/, 464. Hondnrasy Bay, low Coaft theiice to SnnHa Martha, O. .\z.\< wet, 230. Breezes, W. 34. Havvks-bill Turtle, O. 104 jt.t! Green, J05. Ambcrgricfc found, 73. f/;/«./- Roots, 409. Mountain Cor,-, C. 103. Logwood and Logwood cutting, 10. 53. O. 449.450. firfl Trading of Englijh there, 227. Honey, where, O. 78. 371. C. 112, 3. fecEces. Hocks and Lines, Gibing, S. 28. 131. C. i2.;?i, 4. Hoops, or Wrift-bards of Silver, O. 36 5. of Gold, 514. C of Go3f^ //9p^,frafon of dnublinjMt, O. 527. and cjurfe to doit, 531. cold Winds there, why, 529. 530. Trade winds, W. 19. Breezes, 24. not the neareft way to the EafUrn //,•^, 7i 8,9. C. 3;?, 4, 5. (in aCanoa, R. ill /Vr <5. : C. 6. W.41 Eafl'Ind Inftans^ E. 380, 3, 7. 40, 2. 54. I Eafl-lnd. «i 30 . S. 1 5 1 and from 5 4-0- 527. 20 to 7. 35 O. 90. 105. Bengal, Bout chinchina, 1'. drones^Malai Pentare, Pe^ Spice-lrtand (Glanins'b) r Wejl-Indie VVinds and 81, 2. Storr 5» 5. Chang 204. 213. 22 dkns^ VV. th ^2, 3,8,9. 2 '34' 141 4.5 5)8. 218.22 309.484,5, ( i3i.feey4wtY Bocca del Dra Cartagena^ C l>arieny Gra Hifpaniola, Ho gmta^ Suniht IjliSy Madre d Sambalo'sy Sc Verina, Indian-CoT Indicoi^. V Indrapore ir Fi, WalU, 10. ).273. , 4, 5. (in cc Beeves, ,2. Clouds . 269. 410* Cattcl, 98- 5. 124. 181 irannahs and 8 to 32.4^. )ourfc to or iding about id how raa« .60' 203, 4. .. 118. 123. ted, 0. 20.}. here taken, , W. 41, 2. uitain,Mon' ice, S. 28. it; lire refin'd obcfetled, 14^. . anointing r, 182. en* ayah fpoken L. ofit, 351* nfc, Lamps, d General \nJcx, 7m// the Painted Prince, &C.O. 350. 511, 3,4,5,5,-'. 5:5.549. Jew-^^yd. and where, O. 249. 2 «;9. 277. faltcd, 2"7,o. Jihore {Urn) R. and Kit)^d«)ni, d. S. 4. its Hjlf-Mooii I'roes, d. and Trade, 5. is8. 104. Mtdayan N-ititcs, 1:8. Images, fee V. Af.i/>, Saints. Inccnfc, where us d in Sacrifices. 58. Indies and Indiarn^ (jcncral O'jlcrvations of tlicm, O. 22:, 244,5,6.296.4^5,4.466.514.542. S. 45.116,7. 128.176. C. 6. W.41, .:. 74. Eaft-W/*/, Coafts, O. 42^. Produft, 174 315. 587. 391. 518. In^fians^ £. Hibit, Ufaf^C!., Srarc, &c. 295, -',7. 309. 3:8. 34?' 380,3,7. 39^ 4' 5. f33»4-45S- ^, 9- 5^7. :i. 13. 24. 37,8. 40, 2* 64. I 12. I29> 130. 142. ^. 15^. 164. Eaft- Indian Occitit its breadth, O. 289. difcovcrcd by Sea, 5^0. S. 161. h(wt J be further difcovcr'd, O. 5-51, 2. Courfe to and from 5^1. 549. W ^. 7. 8. 18,9. 2^, 5;, 4, 5. Baiting-pljccs, 4.0.527. 5^1. Winds and Wcarhcr, 30J. W. 5.4 7. 1 1, 7, •;. 20 to 7. 59.17,8. Storms, 60. Tides, 97. Currcdts, 107 b th O. 90. 105. 174. 449. fee Aracun^ Bao or Binr.in^ B.t Jyej hlands, Bengal^ Houton^l. Lambidiii^ Cha'ttpa^Celcbt's^dylv!^ C^'itut^ Ti-, chinchina^ »'. Condore, Coromandel, Formila^ jApa-\ Javj^ L.t- droneSfMulabai\, J^tjlucca and Mil jy an, Afetn^is, Siobar^ (Vnba^ Pentare^ Fegu^ Fhilippinc Hies, Fijcadnej\ l*raccl, Frata, Sittij Spice-Iflands , Sumatra, Timor, Tonquin, F. Vby. E. InJiu l^oyage (Glanius'b) noted, S. 125. Wejl-Indies^ Cour(c toor from it, W. 9, 18. 24, 5. 39. 40. 5^. Winds and Weather, 17,24, 7. 102. Scafon of Sugar-making, 81,2. Storms, 60.0.451. Tides, VV. 97. Currents, 101, 2,4, 5,6. Change there, O. 58. Produfticns, 34. 87.91. 10 i, 2,3,4. ic4 215. 222,7. 51^, 4, 5. 320. 426. 45;^, 4. 5. 24. C. 89. In- dianSySW. their Habit, Stage, Management, Ufages, Scc. O. 7,&:c. 12,5,8,9.20,1,3,4.31,2,8.41,5,4. H3,4. 12^,4,7,8. 154. 141 4,5,8,^.153,4, 7. 16^, 7, 8,9. 170. 181,2, 5,4. (91,4, 5,8. 218.229. 255,4,5. 249. 250, 1,7. ^,9' 2-4,5.^. -72, 3. 309.484,5,6.538,9.0 51.42,5,6'. 94,5.110 to 1:4,7,8. 131. fee A'ncricajAtlanticl(^Sca. 5ee St.Andrcai^AYuba^Aves^'dlanciif Bocca del Dra^o, BKca-Tofo^ Bonairy, Campeachy, CaraccosXari 'be, Cartagena, ComanayCoquibocoa,Corn,l. Cuba, Currafao (QHcrifaj) Darien, Grande i\. Guiare , ( Guayra ) Florida, R- Lt Hacha^ Mfpaniolay Honduras, Jamaica, Iilbmus^ Jucatan, Maracajb), Mar- gnrita^ Sun^f a Martha, MexicaGul^h, jyfoilijto's, Nicara^u.ty Pe^trl- Ijks, Atadre de Popa, Cofla Rica, Forto Rico, Frovidcnce, C Romany Sambalos, Scudd, Tortuga, Trinidada, C. la l^'da, Venex}id.it yerina, Indian-Corn, fee Maiz. ladicotd. where, and howfmade, o. 225,5. (price of it) 227. Indrapore in Sumatia^ 0. 51 1, 2, 5. its Pepper, S. 182. [ C 2 ] Indraurht-* ''1. 1 ' General Index. IndraughtLznd^ what the Dutch call fo,0. 289, hifefts, apo=^niousone,^. O. 321. fee Ants, Bees, Beetles, Cercipees, Col .inecl, LindCrabs, FHc s, Frogs,Gallivvafps,Gua- Tio'.s Lizards, Locufts, Magi^ots. Moskito's or Gnats, Scorpions, 6nakes, soldiers. Spiders, loads. Wood- Lice or White- Ants. luflrument-Cafcs, coverings for them, C. 7:5. St. Johns I. hy Ch'ina^ d. its Animals, Rice, Inhabitants, Houfcs, Husbandry, O. 406 to 410. Bell Idoll and Temple, 41 1,2. Ship- pi.i^, 412,?. Sz.'hbn 1. of the Philippine*s, d. O. 905,8, 9. 384. 442, 5. Capr. Johnfon s Murder, S. 1 10, &c. Jonks, of Aynam, d.S. 3. 9. c{x\\tChmfe, 15^. fee C6zn?/e. /////; ticc^^ a Commoditv, O. 53. Men, 388, C 77, 8. iron, how wrouj^ht by the 3/;i(7fo'j-, O. 48, 5. where none, 464,6. wild //u//.mi have not the ufeofit, 85. its value among; them, and how and where a Commoditv, 12,3,8. 23. 3$5. 360, 3. 371. 431,4,5,8,9. S. 167. O.I io,9.undcrftood & wrought where, O. 429. 432. hon Rinj;s made, W.i 11. fee Axes,Guns,Hatchets, H'jckiing-iron, Hoes, Knives, Machcats, Needles, Saws, Sciifars, Wedges. illunds, ranges of them have bcft Land-Breezef, W. 34, 6. re- mote from the Continent have fmjll Tides, 91, $,6. Iflands Anonyu^ousy in the B. of Vanam.t, O. 175, 6, 7^8. 188. 198. of 5picc,3i7. fee Spice, near Sebo^ wuh Cioes, d. 379. 380. The j-ivc-Ijhnds^ fee Bj//;?:". /'p.; )w/i,Mcrt:h»ntsfpend thcHotScafon there, W. 48. llihmifS o( America or Darien, its Breezes on the N. W. 29. Cedars, 0,2c\ Mountain Cow, C. 103. its /«<^i')hooca, fee Caihooca. King^j ^es, Beetles, livvafpSjGua- ;, Scorpions, hite-Ants. ants, Houfcs, 411,2. Ship- . 442, 5. ee Chtn'fs' 7. 8. where none, value among ought where, lunSjHatchets, Saws, Sciifars, W. 34, 6. re- , 5,6. Ifl4nds . 188, 198. of 79. 380. Tlic W. 48. he N. W. 29. 0.i2,3,4,$,8. 41. a Receipt i"/ began, 22. Intr. III. II, (Tes, ib. Main I' I. I. C. 9 to i5, its, 10$. Look* llt-ponds, 14. r, 15. Indians lndTowns,i2i ^ateers there, icable, ih, no 117. Kingfi General Index, Kings, fee Princes. Kings- 1 (land s^ fee Pearl- IjlanJs. Kittimpungo^ the Hippopotamus (o cdiWd^ C. io$. Knives, a Commodity, C.41.119. valued by IndianSjO.i^.i^ L. LAck, (Lacque) for Jwp.mf/is what, and where, S. 22,4, ^. ^.61,2. 105. a Commodity, //>. 0. 430. Lacker-vvare,what. and where made, 40c. S. 24. 41. 54- '^o. (i^. 61,2. 71, 4. Ladders, how and where us'd,0. i $1.4:8,9. fee Gongo. Ladles made of Coco-nut (hell, O. 294. Ladrone Iflcs, Situation and Winds, 0.297,8,9.300. fee Guam Lagunes or Salt-water Lakes, 0.241,2. 2^2,4. moft fi(h' 241, 9. 254, 5. and L. Breezes, W. 34, $, 6. and Tides, 91,2,3' fee Termini' Lamps burning, before Idols, O. 39^, 7. 412. Lances, where us'd,0. 117. 337. 400. 432, 465, 7,9. S. 72,(5. 113. 176. Lance-wood, i/. where tound,and ufesof it, 0. 118. Land, how known to be nigh, fee Clouds. See Bjys, Cjpes, Coafts, Marks, Mountains, Rocks, Soil. Landing, bad,0. 75.231, 2, 9. 247.251,3,4. 252,4, 7«4--,5,455« C. 107. 118.123. good, 48.0. 133. 109.233. 258. 264. 422, 3,4,5, Land difcover d by Capt. Davis, 352. Languages, what and where fpokcn, O. 330, i. 431. fee Ara- bicl^, Chinefe, MaUyany Meangian, Pi}ilipp:ne, Spanijh, Tonquincfe. Words of feveral, fee Words. XC. 104,5,6. L Lib)i- dc LMaKy d.O. ^6yi. its Provifion, 76. 146. 159. I. Loii) ae la Terra, O. 96. d. 145,6. its Birds and Kggs, : 9. L .culls. iL ,1 d where, and h )w Citen, 0. 430. d» S. 26, 7, 30. Th;. Log lorwardcd or retarded by Currents, O. 290. Lj^wood, now it grows, C. 53,7. and where,io.47.5 1,3,7. 79. 85. 94. none, 44. how ordcr'd, 17, 8. 57. 80. makes good Coals, Coals, $7. Sappan-vn 8,9. 80, I where ant IL 449. to 0.91, I Logger Capt. L Longiti 290.377. Look-o C. 13, 4>' C. Lope:^ Port of C. St. I 193. its C C. St. / I. San^ Luconia. 285. VVir lee Acapul gaffes, S. 1 Macaw t Maccaw Macheat SpaniJJ) 1 Madagaf telling Neg Winds, 19. Ataderaf. Magellan Str. of yl Maggots Maguella Maho tri Mahomet 128. 137, g Prayers, Rs Le Afair Maiz or 151, g- 167 C. 113,9^ (Vntidotc, . Englifhy 5. W. 49. . Wood- rpm Sant. ,8.142,3. Cargo to tnd large, ,7. 4^4. :, Stature. , lb, 398. hinam. . d, i8i. d, 325.5. Ill, S. 4a. )by by a Lion-Liz, ,i3. 0,7* 159. :d, 7, 30. General Index, Coals, $7. Tree Ulc! it, where, 58. fee Blood- wood, Cam wood, Sappan-wood. Its Trade and Rates, VV. 40. C. 17,8.46,-7. 82,3,7. 8,9. 80, 1,2. (profitable to England) 131. Logwood-Cutters, v/hercand who, way of Living, Working, Trade, &c. O. Intr. IL 449. 4$o. C. 10,2,7,8. 41.3, 5 to 8. 51 to 4. 65, 80 to 3,5 top. 91, 5, 6. 128,9. Loggerhead Key, in Campeachy^ C. 10. Capt. Longs Shipwreck, C. 27, 8. Longitudes, computed, O. 28.255. 285,5,8. 472. anaifs, 288,9. 290.377. Look-outs, or VVatch kept, where, O. 28.^3. 149.150,4, C. 13,4,5. C.Lope:;^ de Go/?/aniArds, Manilla' Tobzcco, fee Tobacco. Manners of People, Moral Qualities,&c. what and where, — ■ Cooflf,— Brisk and Couragious, O. 8. 44. 400. 5. 50. Patient, 0. 432, 3. C 116. Obedient,?^. S.42. 0. 454. Quiet and Peace- able, and Chearful,&c. 433. ( faid to be, 477. not, S. 95.) C. 115,6. Juft and true, 0.433, 5* (faid to be 477. not, S. 95.) S. i56. fee Juflice, Punilhment. Contented in Poverty, C. 116. 0.123. begging modeftly, 433. Cleanly, ncatand tight, ?^ 454. Laborious and Diligent, S. 4 1,2. 174. 181. Good-Natur'd, 128. Affable, Courteous and Civil, O. 297. 395.434, 5. 486. 490. S. 50. 181. Hofpitable, Civil to Strangers, and eafily acquainted with them, O. 12.19. 20, 1.78.326,7, 8.400. 433, to 9.482,6. 490. S. 84. 128. W. 112. Natural Affcftion, O. 250. 432. Bad, — ^Lazy and Idle, Proud and Haughty, An-bitious, Info- lent,©. 326. S. 30. 128. 138. W. 55. 110. fullen or ftubboru, 0.8.44. Implacable and Cruel, 326. S. 83. W. 108. Revenge- ful, 0.8.326. 358. 374. (fee ItoifoningJ S. i8i. Sly and Trea- cherous, lA. 0.38.362,4. 370. (fee K» Lakt) 401,2. Opprcf- fivc,S. 85. falfe and perverfe,faid to be, 95. contrary to O.477. Thievifti, ib. S. 50. 128. 138,9- O. 76. 318. 326. 356. Over- reaching, 365,9. 370. Wheedling and Diffembling, 358,9. 552,7. Begging, 327, 8. 365,9. 370. (but modeftly) 433. Low* fpirited, S. 42. Gaming, ib. fee Gaining. Nafty in Diet, fee Cookery j in Habit, 0. 537, 8, 9. Drinking hard, lo. 369. 433, VVantonand Pimp5,S. 85. Proftituting of VVomen,fcc Women. Unnatural, fee Parents, Children, Wives. — Mixt — Melan- choly and thoughtful, O. 127. C 116. Injurious, 0.9. 11.46,7, 8.y. fubtle,S. 60. 138,9. in awe of Princes feventy, O. 326. Pierce, bold and Sayage, 0.38-41- i^7' 4^1 j 2- Ic^s than re- L c J ported; m "t.t: -M li'l. ,'■'1 General Index, ported, 4? ^ $, 6. eafily amus'd , 484. Loving Trade,fcc Indians^ Malayans. Fearful of £Mrope/rfrrfC4>^,Gulph,its Breezes. VV. 3. Weather, 82, 3. The Gal- leons and Eai'laventa-\iktt touch there, O.i 8 $.C. 126. Marble Rocks, where, S. 19. 20. Margarita^ I. its Currents, VV. 102. Pearl-Oyfters, O. 173. The Armada and Barlaventa-hkct touch there, 185. C. 126, Maria's Ifies d. O. 274, $, 6. Mar'/al. of the LadroneSy (cc Guam. San^a Maria R.T. and Gold Mines, rf. O. 158,9. 175. 193,4,5. taken by Privateers, Intr. Ill, quitted to them, 191, 5. W.Marys Image,a celebrated one,0.42.one taken 99.feeSaints. Marks and Makings of Land off at Sea,0. 42. §9. 77. 82. 94,5. 111,2,8,9. 120,2. 131,3,6. 147. 172,4. 216. 225. 230,1,2,3,9. 242,4, 8.2$i,2, 5,6,7. 2(51,2,3,6, 7* 275,9. 291. ^09. 3790 b82,4>$^9« 390* 4J^'447j8. 454»9'4^o-530)'* S.9. 10, l 121.1 158,9. 179. 180. C. 16. VV. 56. 85. Markets and Provifion, whatand where, S. 30. 129.136.152,5.! Marmalade, a Commodity, where, O.44. 99. 174. Port Marquisy ^. O. 247. Marriages, early, C. 1 14, 5. Feafts, O. 334. VV. in, 2. Sanlla Martha^ and its High-land, dO. 42. lowCoafts tothcl £.and VV. 424. Rains, 44. Breezes and Courfe, VV. 40. Stock- fifh wood, C. 58. the Galleons and Barlaventa'^Qti touch there, 126.O.185. j St. ^4mVjHigh-land,rf.C. 16.42. 123. Breezes, VV. 34.4?« Don Mafcarins 1. or Engli/J) Forrefl, its Land-Tortoife, O.102. Masking us'd in Churches, wherej 0. 127. C. 115. Majfaclan, d. O. 265. Marts of Ships, 0. 394. 412,3. S. 64. 171, 2, fecTimbcr,T«cs.j Mathematicks, learnt, where, S. 60, JMatique Gulph, O. 225, 7. Maws of Goats eaten, how and where, 0. 429. 430. Maxentelbo, Rock, d\ O. 267. Mayo I. of the C, Verd's^ d. and its Governour trepan'd, O.75. Meatigis Ifles, O. 347. Commodities, ^50.512, 3,4. the In- habitants, their Painting, Ornaments, b cod, S^c 5i4,5,<^»7^ f«^« y^/y- Mcchanick^ fee Indiansy 909. 43$. rs, 482,6. wing them 367, 8. yet 1 Common, rking, 468. b. ,acker-wafe, Pitch, Salt, :s. , 5.Thc Gal- 26. crs, 0. 173. C. 126, 7$. 19354)5. 99.fceSaints. 77.82.94^5. , 230,1,2,3,9. )i. ^09. 37 9'. 9. 10, !• 121. 9.13(5.162,^. Ill, 2. Coafts to the /. 40. Stoci?- : touch there, 5,VV. 34«4?' toife, O.io2.| *imbcr,T«c5'| General Index, Mcchanicks, S. 41. 60. 130, 6. 181. fee Artificers. MelindeLny, Calms there, VV. 20. Melons, where, O. 222. S.23. Musk-MeloHs, 124. O. 502. 311. Water- Melons 134. 302.31 1.418 420. S. 124. i5i;. Melory t- ce, truit, and Bread, 0. 478. 480,8, 9. 490. Mcii, ice Codies, Cuftoms, Government, Mdnners,Ornamcnts, Religion. Women. Merchants at ro;j^«fw, S.39. $1. 6$. Ach'in^ 122,3. *34> 5* ^^* lacca^ 162,4. ^*ree, who fo caird,0. 317. S. 13 s, 6. Aiergd in 5Mw,a M^lTacrc of the Englijh theie, S. 151. Merida i n Jucatan^ d.C 14. 113. M^fchafici R. Breezes near it, VV. 34. Mefs, a Gold Coin, what and where, O. $04. S. 132. ^cac/coKiiigdomjand VV. Coaflot it, where low, O. 425. its Trade-winds, VV. 12. 2$. Breezes,38. Weather, 83. Currents, 10?. fmail Green Turtle, O. io7.0>fters,i77.fi(hing, 243. little Sh'pping or Trade at Sea, 243,4. 251. 267. moft within Land, and by Land-Carriage, 260,1. 277.Silvcr, 269. i'eople thin at the Coaft, andpoor, 250, 1, 5, 7,8. 261. fee Indians VV. Rich and pleafant parts of it, fee Colima, Guatimala, Valderas. For other places, d?. fee the Map, O. 24. and New Mexico^ mxiUnoui Jndiiws, and rich Mines conceal d, O. 272, 3. C. 54. 5'/)a/i//7; Trade, how far, 0. 22«;. fee the Map^2^. Mexico, Bay, and itsCoaft, Trade- winds, VV.i $. Breezes,34.4o. Storms, d. 60 to 5. Currents, 105. Oyflcr-bank near it, C 28. its Main Port, 12$. Courfe of its Plate and Barlaventabkct, ib. 0. 1 80. fee AlvjradOf La Vera CruTit Guaxaca, HaniagOy M^fcha- fipi^ Fitnuliy Sacnficios, Tompeque. Sec Campeachy, JucataUj Florida, its Indians no great Friends to the Spaniards^ C. 122. Mexico City, i^affengers and Ports to it, O. 185. 244, $. 25=;. Salted Shrimps a Commodity there, C 127, 8. Mice, where, C. 63. Sf. Michaels Gulph, O. 5. d. 193. Weather, VV. 83. Tides, 93>S- St. Michaels Mount, and T.rf. 0. 122,3. Milkfour (Tire) for Fluxes, S. 148. (of Almonds, ib.)itrck ordinarily, where, VV. m. MindanaOid. Coafts, Towns, Rivers, Harbours,Soil,&c. O.309. 310.346,7,8,9. 357»8. 362,7.9.378,9.384. Weather and VVinds, 321,2, 3.346,7,8. 353»4j7. 360. 370. VV. 39. Floods, 0. 360. City, R.and Houfcs on Ports, &c. 328,9. 330 346,8,9. 357,8. 360,2,5.479. S. 180. Plenty, O. 30$. Vegetables 310,1. ?i 5, 6. 320. 347, 8. $11. Animals, 33. 320, 1. 346,7,8. 358. 364,5,8,9.378,9.381.51$. Ship-worms, 362, 3. Arts, Manu- faftures andUtenfils, 31$. 327. 331,2. 360. $15, 8.131. i8r. Shipping and Trade, O. 325. 332 to 6. 354, 6. 360,3. fecming- ly defifd with the fin^/i/fc, 349. 3'>9' Spaniards hated, Dutch c 2 ] feard. [ $ V.i General Index, fcar'd, \h, ggi. once had a Commerce with Maniffa Spaniards, 30$. fubjcft to them, 33 f. Advantage of fettling at ^rn- Wdwrto, and way thither, 349.350,1,2. Opportunity the A. had for it, 316,7. 331.349. 350 2, 3. Mindanaians (fee Alforees^ /lilanoons, Sologue;^) and Mindanaians peculiarly fo call'd, d. their Perfoiis,Cloaths,Qualitits,&c. 324 to 8. 334 to 8. 340,1,2,6,8. 356to9. 361,2, 4 t09. 370,4, 8. S. 129. Eating and Enter- tainments, O. 311, 9. 329. 355 to 9. 36$, 8, 9. what Bctle bcft lii;cd, S. 24. Marriages and Difeafes, C 334. Weapons and way of Fighting, 337, 8, 9. Sports, Ornaments, Mufick and Dancing Women, tb» to 342.361. Comrades and Pagallies,327, 8. 3§8, ^. 364, 5.375- Wives and Concubines, 328. 334108. 35^,7,8. 974. Languages and Learning, 327. 330, i. 431. hcligion, Mofques, 338. Circumcifion, ^c. 337, 9. 340, i, 2, 3. 369.370. Ramdam, 343. 359. 361. Waftiings and Hogs hated, 330. 343,4. fomc Baptix'd, §16. Government and Sultan, rf. his Perlon, Qualities, &c. 326. 331,4, 5. Wives and Children, 325.335,6.341,2, 9. 353. Brother, fee R. Laut. Wars, 325. 337. 444. State, S. 143. Prefents, 1 *v Monaflery: Monaftc Money drcd throi goes indea »5o, I. 14 Monkey little) 17: Monmout Monfooi Moon, i I not, 51,2. year, 53. E Half- mo MiorSy V Moro de i Moroond Vilia de Moslijto Habit of Be 85. Dcxtrc 35,6,7. K Fernanda's i breed up L Moskito' W. 68. Mofques. Mofs, Ti Mould, f< Mountaifi and Rain. 8: BuUawany Q 5* 118,9. ' 2,6.262.31c S. II, 9. 2C W.78. 83, Blew Mou The Mom C. Mount Mountair Mountfen Mouths, ] 427. little, MoT^ambi^ Mud-fifli, Myger-K c MulUttQ\ Mulberry ' V \ Spaniards^ ig at Min- the A. had c Alforeesy rd, d, their 40|i,2)6|8« and Enter- what Bctic capons and 4urick and ;aUies,327 , . 534 to 8. 10, I. 431- ;4o, I, 2, 3. iogs hated, I Sultan, d, d Children, Wars, 925. 7. Punffh- 49. g$$, 6. igally. See , C. 122. 7. S. 95 to where no : Garachina, sand great . Afindanai ole near it, rka, 95,45 Cold Land 1.5. Defefts, y, $17. D«- dS. Wind, Mangaftan, igator and »tamus, 102 ing Worm- , 8.14^,7,^^ 0OD,W. $j. Monaftery; General Index. Monaftcry, Spiini/^, where, 0. 42. of Nuns, 124. Money brought from Japan, S, 15. of Achin, 152. Trade hin- drcd through wantofit,4i, 2. 51. where none, W. 1 11. Cacao goes infteadof it, O. 62. C. 120. Moncy-Changcrs, Women,S.6o, »5o, 1. 142. fee Coin, pieces of Ei/jA^ Monkeys, eaten and where found, O 14.20, i. 59. (black and little) 172,5.212. 520. S. 124. (i. and their tricks) C. $9. 60. Monmouth i. d. O. 585.422,5,5,8,9.456. Monfoons, fee among Winds. Moon, influencing Tides,where,W.9o,7,8. Currents, 100,5,5,7. not, 51,2. Trade-winds, 18, 9. Storms, 60. 72. S. 55. Lunar year, §5. Ecclipfe, 147. Dancing at N. and FuIl,0.54i.W.55.iii. Half- moon Froes, c^. and where, S. $. MiorSy who in £./niw, 0.507,8,9. S. 14^. 158. i55. Aforo de Porcos^ d,0. 211- Mroond where and when men faid to be, C. 84. Villa de Mofe^ taken, C. 109. i Ki. d. and Trade, 1 10, i, 9. Moslilto (Afofquito) Indians, their ^Qualifications , Country, HabitofBody, way of Living, Ingeny, ^c. <^.0.7.8.9. 10,1. 85. Dextrous ftriking of Filh, and management of Canoas,i.2. 55»5, 7. 150.254. 277. 455- C. 15.109. Hift. of one left at 7. Fernando s^O.Si^y $,6. love Englijh md. fing///Z» Names, 85, 7, brecdupL(rre^i8i. Moskito's or Gnats, where, O. 555,7. C. 80. 120. — — Coyc, W. 58. Mofques, where, O. 538. S. Ji^.d. 150,7. Mofs, Turtle feeding on it, O. 104. long on Trees, 1 32. Mould, fee Soil. Mountains interrupt the Atmofphere, W. 78, 9. gather Clouds andRain. 83,4, 5, 6. Burning, fe'- Volcans. Yielding Gold, fee BiiUawan^ Gold. Mountains what and where, O. 22. 42. 59. 94, 5* 118, 9. 151, 5.155. i52. 174. 2i5. 224.251, 9. 242.251, 2,5.252.310.547.378.580,2,4,5, 7.442, 7.4^0' 53'>3* 545, 5. S. II, 9. 20,2.164. 121, 3. 133.C.7.8. 52,8. 101,8.111, 9,123. W.78. 83, 4,5. See Blew Mount ain, and Monte Diabolo, in Jamaica^ C. 8. and The Mount in Jucatan, <^. C. i o, i, 5. 2 2. and C. Mount ov Miferada in Guinea, its Winds, W. 14, 5. 51. Mountain. Cow, fee i4n/e. ^o«n//(?M^, L Storm there, W. 70. Mouths, people of large and wide, 0.325.454. middle fiz'd, 427. little, 395. (yet pretty full) C. 115. MoT^ambique, Ambergriefe, 0. 74. Trade, W. 108. Mud-fifh, where, S, 128. Muger-Kcy, or Womens I. C. 8. 9. Mullatto's indMoJiefo' ifXyho & wherc,O.i85.249.2 50,i.C.i22. Mulberry tree and fruit, what, where, and how us'd, S. 23, ^, M.. [ c 3 ] Mules, ) >t General Index, Mules, whcrc^O. 99. 249. 250. 277. '22. Mullets,vvhcrc,0. 321. S. 128. C. 71. Munyazi^^ Pitch, d, where, and itsufe,C. 190. Mufcles, where, 0. 153. 173,4, 7. 393* (fcarcc) 4^5. Mufick, where us'd, W. 111. fee Bells, Drums, Gon^s, Haut- boys, Pipes, Strumftrumi. That of the W» //i(// C 104, e N. Hoi- 1 of them, of them, d fale of in domi- )rms, $0. . Trial by ,0. 78. 9. 130. 1. jfitablc to nd deep ood Eat- 11$. Sre gilcobttr. General Index, Nicobar Iflcs, d. O. 476. Commodities and different Charaftcrs of thclnhabitants, 477. with S. 94, 5. Ambergriefe, True and Counterfeit, O. 72, 3. 477. 481, 2. Canoas, 480, i . Sec Nicobar \. ^Topctly foc-ird, and Ides and Sholes near it, 0.4$ p.' One bujb Key, fccBufh. Onions, where, S. 25. 127. Opium, a valuable Commodity, where, S. i$4. 165,6. Oranges, what and where, O. 258.291. gu. (Cam-chain 9,nd Cam-quit) 5.2^,4.45.90,2.-124. 1(53.181.0.6.94. Orange L J. O. 585. 421, 2, 9. Ornament, of Djncing Women, 0. 340. PrinceiTes, 342. of fc- veral people, 32. 326, 7. 407, 8. 418, 9. 427^ 456. 46ij. 479. 5I4> 5- 537» 8. S. 40, 1. C. 1 14. W. 1 1 1. Pulo OrOt S. 5. OroKil^ysoi Achin. O. 500* S. 141,2, 3. 4. Ortridgcs, feeEftriges. O/or^He I. d. O. 200* Otta, fceAnatta. Oven made in Sand, 0. 27 5* > fcf«ce from Fire, S. 45, 6. Out-cry of Fi(h at Malacca, manner of it, S. 163. Outlagersof Boats, whit, O. 299. 480. how fcrviceable,487. 492, 5 ,7. fceProes. Oyftcrs,Oyfter-banks,and Pearl-Oyfters, whatandwhcre,0.43. '53* '73» 4j ^j 7« S. 9. 89. 163. C. 17. a8. P. PAcheca I. O.^. 175. 196, 9. 206. Pacificli^ Sea, what properly fo, O. 94. and how made fo, W. 78, 9. 83. Dews and Miftstho' no Rain, 78. 0. 94. and great Waves, ib. healthy Coaft, i $3. Paddles, how and where us'd, O. 299. W. 38, 9. Padres^ fee Priefts ($pat\ifl).) PagaUy^ vvha^ and where, 0. 317, 8. 358. 364, 5.^77. S. $4. Pageants,©, guo, i. Pageant Princes, fire Boua^ (^^oi Achin, Pagoda's IdolTeroples, what and where, S. $6, 7. 90, i, 2. 1 52. Pagoda, Coin, how much, O. 509. Patta^ iccPajfta. Painters, whe.e, S. 60. 1 36. 0. 409. Painting the Body,'where and how, 514. 537. the Teeth black, S. 41. Palaces, d. S. 47,8. 130. feeHoufes. Palankin, of the Sultan of Mindanao, O, 341. Palimbam in Sumatra^ its Pepper- Trade, O. 401. Pallacat in Coromandel,0. $22. whr defcrted, W. 74. Palm-Tree, and Dwarf-Palm or Palme to Royal, d. 0.248.318. and thatch, 328. i.S. 46, 7. C. 79. 115. Palm- wine, O. 78. whence, 248. Palm-Oij^wbajpcufcd for acoiating the Body, 0^37. Palma- Palfi Palm 3<^o. 3* C.F, i\.P< Pah Rivers, Winds, 0.174, Panaf provifioi towards Panama Panay. Pan;^a^ Panga\ Pan-til Pantil^ Paper 1 IdoJs,5?.c Parade Parakit C. d5. Parent 37, 8, c drcn. Pulo P/l Parracc Parrots, 181. C. 6 Partrigc c. F^jf/:, Paffage \ 35. 'Parages 0.27^4. Pajfan^e Pafila R. Paflure*, Vatagon'it% 85,6. Fn?rBnv Pattiiche. Paviliioiii Pdving ol St. Pattl'i yin and ,2. of fc- .6. ible,487. erc,0.45. made fo, ind great 7. S. $4. Achtn. 1, 2.152* ly/whcrc [248.518. Palma- Ccnct'iil Index, • PaIma-;W, d. and whcr,0 i85. low, ^4. 42*;. Bounds, i5[. Rivers, 178. Ship wrrms, 56^. Rains, Air.&r. \%6. W. 8.^. Winds, 17, 9. ?4, 5« 40.0.186. Tides W. 05, 6. lllands, 95.//. 0. 174, «>. \97,^ 9. 200, 2,6. 21 1, fee the Map, O. i. PammnLMy, J.O. 178,9, 18^1. ifs ftrcngth, 205. whenceiti provifion, i"'6. its Coinincrce with Firtohel, 179. 184, v Co iric towards Lima^ 4. i^$. 167. and from L/W thither, 200, i. 0".d Panama burnt, 178. Panay^ji Pan;^afanum (Pm^tffway) of Z.«conM,flf.O. 583. Pan^ulinam in Suniatra, itb Pepper, il. 182. Tan-tile, fee Uoofs. Panul: , R. and Citv, d, C 1 27- Paper what and where made, S.5o, r. burnt in Sicrificc to IdoIs,5?.9. 0.396. Parades in S'panifh Towns, O. 2 1 ^:. 2^9. :?87. C. 45. Parakites, where, O. 321. 392. 426. 458. ij. 26. i-S. i3i. C. 65. Parents, play away Children, where, S. 42. fell them, 37, 8, 9- $0. their Dauohters to Husbands, i'j. fee Clill- drcn. Pu!oP4r/e/or, . i t8. 1 39, .|. F4/?/^ R. fee Coolecan. Pafture«,where,0.2iH. 231.5' 14 21. fee Savannah?. Pu^rfgo/iM, a Stage to £.rfnr/^; GaiU'On, its ^>)iirft, O 1 8 5. ^_ Pavillions to tleep in, a Coni'nodltv,C. -;i. necc.ury, 80. Paving of Streets, S.4-'. fee bloors. Si.Pattl'i 1. 0.17 $-20:.^. I rauncV.es 26: General Index. Paunches of Goats, how drcffed and eaten, O. 4 2%% i30» )h■^ b where growing, O. 5^2. reacock,a Bird like it, where and what, W. lOy. Pears, where growing, O. 532. Pearl, Pearl-0)fters and Kifhery, where and what, 0.45. 175, 4, 5. 244. 264. S. 8.89. Mother of Pearl, where good, O.J 73. Feij>7-Iflandshy Ton^tf/n, S. 11. Vearl'ljlartds in the W. Irdiet, (ce Csrn-lflands* Peavl-lflands^ox Khgi-Ijlands by Panama, O. 171. d. 175, 5, 7, 8. w. 9^. fee thcMdp,0.i. Santa yecaque, fee Cent'tquipaque, I'ecary, where, 0.9. 12,8.59. 1^9. C. $9,915. I'c'cui, how much, S. i ■;^2. Pedro Point in Jamaica, hard to double , W. 52. Cur- rents, lor. iV^'«, its Achar, O. 591. Women Proftituted there, 995. Shipurack'd Men kept there, S. 8. its Jars, 98. low Coaft, rich Pagoda at\d Image, and Commodities Imported, 151, 2. PclicjnF,,^/. and where, C. 6^. 70, i. S. 26. Pcn{.',uin, Bird, d. and where, O. 97. 145. (Eggs) 159. Penguin Fruit, yellow and red, d. and where, O. C^. ^4- i\'/?f.;re,l. d. and Smoaks and Fires fcen on it, 0. 459. People all lefa Savage than thought tobe, O. 484, 5, 6. Coun- try populous ai?d poor, S. 40, 1. fee Poor, Manners 1 Cu- floins, ^rc. Pepper, where growing, and Trade, S. 8. 65. 1 10, i, 2, 5, $, 6,7. 127. 158. 164,6. 178. 180, 1. d. 182,4. O. 400. heats Water in Ships holds , 525. Meat feafoned with it, S. 129. Guinea or Cod- pepper , Sawce, d. O. 296. 519. Fifh-pickle, C. .»24,. /«i//d«-pcrper where, O. 10. Periago's, fee Canoa's, Fnica T. Road for F^m//; iflcs, ib, and Trade there, 185. (lee Acapulco Shxp^ Maniila,) how managed, 244, s, 5. J5mtg^lirg, 907. Gold there, ib. 908.950,1. how named, 491.519. M4ay.in learnttliere, 99$. People anoint themfelvc?, 597. Courfe thence, VV. 25. Anonymous I. by Scbo^ and its Canes, d. 979. 980. other Ifles, 9*2, 4. fee Qafhee Illcs, Eat I. St. J^hns^ \.LucmA^M:Aniis l^ti^Mindinai^ MindorAyVanay^Sebo. Philofophy, Natural and Moral, whgrc ftudicd, S. 60. Phrenfy, Lajghing, (^c. caufed by a Plant, S i2'5. Pickers tor Teeth and Tobacco of SpideriTeeth, C. 6.\. Pickles, fee Achar,Pcppcr-Sawce.Pickled bi'fh, what and where, O. 909. 599. S. 27, 8. 90. C. 124, 7. Pirtures in Hcufcs. O. 140. S. ^4. of Saints in Churches,C.i 1 5- painted like In.fians, ib. 0. 129. where a Commodity, C. 1 19« fee Painting, Imjgcs, Idols. Pies Pond m Beeflfland in CampeachyyC. "7. Pigeons, where, 0. 99. 177. 276. 921. 992. S, 128. 181.C.55. d. 66. fee Doves, Turtle-doves. Piljory, whatand where, S. 78, 9. PilotSjwheretobetakenio, S. 4. ii.O. 149. Mv whercun- acquainted, 169. 224, $. Pilot-Book,a5;dmy;jManufcrpt, quoted, O. 169.193.292,9. 240.2 5 1,9,5.257. 27 2.42$. fee Fref^ice, Vol.11. Pine- Trees, where, 0. 198. fee Pinas FortjO. 198. and I. of Finw by Cuba, d.C.'^Oytoi. Beifts,Fi(h. riui>ting, ib. 75.98. Mangroves, 92. Violences of the 5'/rfm> Garnfonthere» 31. Lind Tortoife, O.io2. Wet Weatt^r, W. 85- Pine apple. Fruit where,0. 10. 291.418.120, 6.S. 12$. 153. 181. C. 5. Pine-drink, O. 10. Wild Pine,Shrub, d. and its keeping Witcr,C.$5. Pipes, Mujical, where ufed, C. 1 1 5. fee Hautboys. Pirates, Cbinefe, routed,^. 106,-/. Malayans, i$l-i^$. f-tHly fuppofcd,87,8,9. fee Privateers, B«iii<#i. Fifcadore Hies, Harbour, T. Fort, nrt.tr Garnfon and Shipping, 0.416,7. Fruits, (6*- 4i8. Liquors and Jars, 419. Cloaths,4i8, 9. Fi/co, its Wine, 0.1 96. > , /i Pitch w'nat and where, O. 223. 994- (^ee Tar) 993. (how or- dered for coating Ships, ib.) 509.* S» 8. Mun/ack , a. u 190. Pinr^i)d*0, I4'^3 4* !i '^i u > 1 CI [D!] tUt Qencrrd Imlrx. rijnctf, iheir Motions where fludied, S. <5o. Plank nor fawnbu'. fplit, O. 932. fee Tinihrr. Vlanrains, wlicre, O. 9. li, 9. 20^ i. ^9. ( fct to fhclter Cj- 0.10)02.74,5,7,8. 122,3. *4i' 1^^7,8. I7<. i3^, 7. 1981 9- 200, 2, 6. 25:^.311, 5, 4 5, ^. 424. 4 '',5. 480. s4'5. S. 4. 23. 124.163. 181. C. 5. f. 112. Trtctand Kri.ir, ' kovV eaten, 31 3,4. 42^. I'lantan -drink, 314, 5. ClQ^h,and vvhcrc WT'), //).327'427. A peculiar lori at A'^mt/.iH^o.with Seeds good tor Fluxc^,3I s, '^.I'ee Bonjno's. riantuti' >, what and vvh; iv, O. c. 12,4,$, 8, 0. 22. 114. 17«;. 34B. 4:* • 4^.. . ^. 540. S 133. of Cac.io, O. 60, I, 2. Cocx)-nuts- 479. cj. '... Vaiz, 123. C. 112, 3- C')tton , 114. fee cf I'lant'ii .'.uico, Yams, Sug.ir Cii»u'^. When the Harvdk in thci'c Piu;:taiion-, W. 81, 2. fuffcrlng for vv.int of Rain,84. wliefe nijn;:p;cd by Women, O. 9.429.432, 3. Planta- ti.r:s vlicre ufualiv Sc^unwith Hantains, 313. ylata I. i). hur. Is^ V. d. 132, 3 Tides, VV. 6c, Mate of /V/<'.x/;o, C. 125. fee Silver. Platc-bJeet, fee iJma^ i low and Plowing, how and uhcre, O. 410. PIuni-Trecs jnd bruit, fee Coco-piuni, Hog-plum. Poifonous, Dyeor i'aint, S» 41. KochI, fee Manrhancel, Para- coodv!. Boncb, fee Corrofo. bins, fee Cat-fifti. Poifoning ^vii.itauu where ufed, 0. 32:. 374. Iiovv the Liver atfefted with It, 398. Darts poiloncd,4i. Arrjws,VV. 108. i'olesforfeveral ufcs,S. 26, 9. 47. h'cla)\ Winds coid,0. 530. S.role, Winds thenec, $44. Polygamy, where, O. 334. (the Sultan) 45$. S. 50. W, ill. Pomgranatcs, where and what, O. $32, 4. S- 124. fee Man- gaflan. Pondi, Medicinal Herh? floating on thcm,S. 22,3. Duck-pondSj 26, iMlh-poi.ds, 27, 9. 4?. 5$. Pone rrce, ^.and iisufCjS. 24.152,4. FontiJmri^ Frem/) Fort, taken by the DwfciSt, O. 522. Por.ti'juc Foint, d.O. 258. 2(5i. Vocr people thro' want of Trade, Q. 334. 395. 5.39.41, 2. 51. and with it,d4,5. bcgfjing, 14. thicvifh, 50. fell Wifcsand Children, 37, 8,9. Mudn' ^ or Niielha Sennoruy de Bapa^ rich Monaftery j, O. 42. FopY/jos^MexKAn^XQczt^^ d. W. 4(5,7. Poict:lan,C/!;;//rf Ware, made where and of what,O.409. fikvQ de Porcos^ d. O. 2 1 1. Forciipiaci,, wlicre,C. 55. ^i.S. i27» eaten 12?. perl, Pork, h fee Hogs. Porpuf W. 71. Fort.t N Portobelj 44* Breeze Turtle to racrcc wit ly, ilh Bar Fortorko Port-Roy nd green FortKiy indangcret Ports, fc Portugal^ Verd iQes j ?3!?)7, 8.4 them, 400. E. Indies b] Portuguefe Pofote (p PolTum I Poft3,Ho 454,7.479! Potato s, 43;.$, 7. 4 no Potato's Potofi, Its Potters, w Poultrey, 240.321. (h 5?3- 54^. S W. III. a Powder 1 and made b Author, 97, Small-Po: Pracel Sh Prata^ i. Prawns, ' Praycrf, Precipice Prcfents ( 5^^2i?,4-5 Prices of 457.;.S 5i. General Index, clter Ca- . 198, 9. ;. 4. 2:>. [ I , to 6' id where :ds g«od 22. 114. $0, I, 2. •n , 1 14. /hen the r vv.int of . Plinta- ec ij/wrf, :el, Para- Poi foiling fted with S. $0. fee Man- c-pondsj 9.41, 2. /iTcs and snaflery , ■ Op. 90, 1. 92. abhorred, killed by a Storm, Pod, Pork, how eaten and young Piggs, S. fee Hogs. Porpuffes , and Oil of them, S. 6. VV. 71. FoYtA A^3V4in CoromandfLO. 38R. Portobely low Coafts on each fide, 0. 424. Winds andTornado's, 44. Breezes and Courfe, VV.40. ftormy Norths, 60. unwholcfom Turtle to the Eaft of it, O. 103. Plantains there, 313. Com- merce with Panama^ 27. 184, $. Goods taken, and Airfick- hyib, B^r/$. 418, 9.42o.4§7, 8,500,8.108. Prices of Goods, what and w here, 0. 227. 333, 35^. 7,6'S. 42^, 4S7-,9.S 5i. !32,.i,<.T5:. G47. Pnclh Hrw General index, Pricfts, spam fl)F Air eszm^x\gTndUns^ O.44.. 125,5,5,7. igr. 300, 1, 5, 4, 8. 385,7. C. 112,4. power and wealth, 0. 124. ^ofe C. 114,5. learn the Languages of the Indians^ ib. lee MifTiona- rics. Heathen Priefls, where and what, O* 595. S. $2,7,8. 85. Princes, Eaftern,their State,&c.S. 142,5. (abus'd, i84.)0,529. 355,5,7.540,1,2. 554, $• Devices in Flags, 45$. fee Mindanaim and 8oMfJ«Sultans,K. Laut ^Tonq'iine feraWng KingorC/jsM^.Govcrn- ment,Guards,Vrefents, Soldiers, Women. Painted Pr.iec Jcoly, Pageant Princes (without real power) feeB3«<«, and Q^ot'Ajhin, A Prince of a Spicc-1. inritcs the Engl'iJ}) to Trade, 350. 555. 444, ^• Privateers, BwcMneerj, always feek for FilhO. 117,8. and take AfosliUomcn with them, i. 2. fooo mutinous if in want, 145. venturous, 242. Signals tof»nd each other, 2 5 2. their knowledge of the W. IndU Coid^y 27. Queries put to prifoners, 27,8.Com- n^iflfl^ns taken from Pe^if-GrM4"urej,iA. 59. 58. 192. burn Vef- feis they take, and fave the Nails, C. 47. Manage Canoas well, 1 1 9. flcep on Deck, VV. 87. obfervc Tides much, 9. Th^ir Ra- vages inJucatan^Campeacby^NemSpain^znd B. of Mexico fi. 1 2, §.55. 47.55,4.95,8.109.110,1.121,2,4,5. Cruifings among the W. India Coaftsand Ifljnds, O. 26 to 65. Revelling, $0. Exploits, 3cc. 50, 6,8.65,8,9. R.:pulfe, 65. French, Ordinary Seamen, 50, Their Entringthc 6'. Se^'s by the Cape-R.129. by croffing the Iflhmus (and Return) Inty.lii. 7. 11 to 24. 191,6, -7. and firft occafton of it, 180,1,2,5. entringhySea, 8^,4. Cruifing, Occurrences,&c. in thc.S. S^.'.T, v5 ro 278. feverjl particulars relating to them, 116,7. 153 to 8. 171. 187, 8,9. 191,6, 7.202,5, 8, 9. 215. 5,9. 220, 1,5,4.241,2,3,7.254,5,8,9. 25o, I, 6,7,8. 270,1,7,8. Intlic£. W;ej, 35 .^ 9. j64, 5. 371, 2,3, 4, 6. 439. 470.481,2. 506 to 5n. fee Pirates. Proccffion at a Circumcifion, O. 540,1,2. of Idolaters, 397. Proe's, what and where, their m.:ke,Outlaycrs,&c.(/. 0.298,9. 500. d. 335.6. 597. 448. 455,8. 475,7.480 d. S. 5. f/. i3i.Proe- bottoms built upon, in. fee Boats, Outlaycrs, Paddles. Prophefieor prefageoftlieftirbin A'nerica^O, 180,1. Profpefts v^Ieafant, O. 43.58,9.87.111,2.155. 152,7. 165. 177, 8;9. 186,7. 202. 231,5. 251,2,5,8. 509. 584. 417.478.530,1. S. 14.^4. 179. C. loy. VV.109. Proflituting of VVomcn, fee Women. Providence i. C. 57. by whomfetled,0. 53. Puebla Nova attempted, O. Intr. Ilf. t.jken, 215. fulo fignifies Illind, O. 589. fee Cmdore, Vby^ &c. Piimce-ftones, where and whence, 0. 230. Pumkins, where, O. 511. 426. S. 25. 45. 181. Puraps (b'pAnijh) for Ships, hov made, O. 443, 4. Pumple-Ni.'fe, fruir, c/. S. 124, 5. 165. ^Mrni I. T. and PiiotSjt;?. 0.149. Oyfters, 177. jn^^ ,. ^^ tu.^. Punifh .il»/ 6,7. 131. 124. 5o8li- MifTtona- ,8.35. 'indctnalin a.Govcrn- lec Jeoly, .of A: bin. 3$o. 355. and take ant, 145. no wl edge 7,8.Com- ura Vef- loas well, Th^ir Ra- -.12,5.3?. :iV. India :s, 8cc. $0, 30, Their he Iflhmus \ occaftort rences^&c. to them, 213. $,9. 0,1,7,8. 70.431,2. rs, 397. 0.298,9. 3i.Proe- :,7- 1^5' ^78.530,1, General Index, Punifhments, what and where us'd, 0.3^5,7. 3<^7. 432. S. 77 to 81, 3. 138, 9. 140. Purificatm^ City, d.O. 257. Purflain wild, and benefit of it, wljgrc, S. 22. runifh VV. no. fee Artificers, Mechanicks, Frees, Joriks, e^a Lear- ning, Cufioms, ify'c. Qualities of People, fee Manners. Quani, a Bird, d. and wbere, O. 19. 39. C. 6$. d, 66, y, 85. ^uantupg. Province of China, fee Canton. Qiieda, Cudda, Oilufcd, O. 537. Trade, 501. S. 173, 8. Queen of ^c/)/n, her Election, State, (Z^c. S. 141. to 8. Sluerifao^^tt: Currafao. Du ^uejhc's Voyage, a Fight related in it- O. 522, 3. Sikibo (Cobaya) Land its other Kev, or Iflar.ds, O. Intr.lW. d. 112 , 3. 5. Qantarras L 213. fee Canales L Rancheria L and, Quicar o,\. d.O. 212, 'i, Quick-Silver, whence, and a Commodity, O. 245. iluinam. Metropolis of CochJnchina, S. 7. Quinces, wheregrowing, O. 532. ;^iVo,its Cloth a Commodity,where,0. 142, 3.i52.City«ind Gold Mines, <^. 152, 3. Rains, fickly Air 1 and rich Ri^^h, 164, 9. K RAccoons , or Indian Conies, and Rats, O. 172, 27^. C. 6. 32. Rack, fee A rack. Rafts, fee Bark- Logs. Rags, a Commcdity, where, 0. 489. Rajai, rrinc€S,rbus'd,S. 1S4. lee A- Laut, Hain, what, when and where nict by the Author, fee Gaming* Red-Sea, Ambergricfe, O.74. Piratcsfond of cruifing there, 459. when bad going thither, sicWcathcr and Winds, W.2q,4. Tide, 99. Red- wood, fee Blood-w. Cam-vf. Log-wood, Reeds, Hats made of them, where, S. 43. Refugee s^ French, where, O. 532. $47. Religious Belief, Prayers, ^c. whcre,^S. ^5, 7, 8.O. 338. none vifible, 432.465.479. $41. ftate of it in the t. S. 95,^,7. fee Chri- fHanity,ldoIj(rv,'W^^/w/fe^rfn'/7r, and Renegados, Chbiefe and Englij}), 5.138. Revolution at Siam, S. 151, 2, 5. Rhubarb, \vlience, S. 03. Riit Lexa, fiC Reuleja. Rice, what' growing, and a Commodity, O. 78. 175. 291, 7.303.320.533.353.384. 597,9.400.8.14.21,2,4, 5.50. 64.87.8. 1C5 130,4,5,6.145.151.183,6.181 2. in wet Soil, 25.0. 297.40J. 410. S. 25 yethurt by iiucb Rjin, 37. depends on the Rains, n here, 37, 8. ^ear bought, 50. Harveft, when and how ordered, 25. O. 355. tr' dour with Buffalo's, 410, i. how drefs'd ard eaten, fee Cookery •, with Tamarinds , good for fick Pecplc, 526. the Grainand main Suflenanceof the EJndians, 399.426.s.2:..?o,8. 50,5,126. 148. where none, 0. 426. 433.480. 464,6. R"(;e Drink, fVe Drink. Mr. Ringrof^:, kiil'd, O. 271, 2. referred to, fee H- of Buc canicrs. Rings, what and where worn, O. 365. 514, 5. C. 119. YV. til. Kipling or Cockling Sea, 0. 133. VV, 5-7. fee Sea. Rivers not percni.ical, whwc, 0.95,6. &. 35. all in the Torrid Zone overflow in the wet Seafun, 34. brackifli in the dry Scafon, O. 2>8. how us'd for Bathing, 3?o. S. 180. S. 1.80. untreqHi 28,9. F Tides, c Gold. R fee Hipp Roads 74' 97- I 3?o. S. I Rocas Sky-R, Rocks, 122. 1:2 255, 7. 2 461,3.47 w. 56. c, deep .Seas 264. fee Rock-fil Rol^o, a C. Rome Pulo Ro Roofs o 539. S. 43, Roots, ei ed, 182. fe Rofario^ [ Rowing, dence, S. 7 Fort- Roy ( Rudder, ; Rum, a ( Rufhcsbu Rusk, a f( Sabbath c Sacrifici Sacrifido Sacrifices ■^it^gen, Pla Sago, wliei Sails, and < W". 33. 5'ailii theMonfoDHj 5aints, pair Saker,ofgi Sale or Ou ^rcrs made ;hcre, 94. 34? 359^ 167. e Harbour , 119.221, ing there, Is, W.20,4. 9^8. none /a'ccChri- 175. 2pl, 4. 5- 3^- wet Soil, I7. depends when and |io, I. how good for E.IndianSi 433.480. [. of Buc C. 119- all in the ickilh in S. 180. ' General Index, S. i8o. fee Bathing, Walliing. Fit for building Ships, O. 114 untrcqaented, 167,. ftor'd with Fifh, S. 2-7. 128. Iiow riutrht^ 28,9. RipHngorCocl,RendezTOUSof Privateers, Vegetables and Animals. O. 22, 3,6. 39. 40. loi, 3. C. 58. c^'i. Erccz'S, W. :?6. iccGiLienl. Pub Sjmbihn^ and th'^ir Cat-fi(lj, S. 171. S,v;i!h\ R. if. O. 193,8. .S\rw //;(/, a fort of Ar 'ck, d. 0.^4 1 0. "a.ri', hot, a Cure, O. 2^6. a Punifhmcnt, 357. -Jis'd by Wind?, W.15. 4^,8. Wclls,C. 50. ii3. Banks, 120. high, 123, 4. fee Anchiorinps Cays, Sh ■Ics, Soil. ,S\wt.i rec,iij!ii\ f c Ceutiquiparjue. Sjpjdillv, iruir, where, O. 39. d. 202,3. ^' 43-9. 94. Sarfiparilia, pjows in water, and where, O. 152. Siifh worn inlhad of other Cloaths, O. 479. fee Naked. Sav.ifjcs, mifreportcd, and cafi'y amus'd,0.434,5,^- Sava ic.ah.?, Chanipian, or Puflure, what and where, O.44. 50. 62. d.di^d. 1 12,4,^. i.2r. 150. 205. 211,8. 231, 2. 240. 250, 3, 8,9. 264,5,9. 347.8. 369. 334, 7. 406. 442. S. 19. 22. 124. C. 32. 48,9- 'i2,3,?,9.(dro\vu'd, 55v'. 80, i, 2.) L\, 5, 6. d. 94, 102,- ,8. 120, 1. 5auccs, rcppcr-f.:uce,0. 396. fee Ach.irs, Pickle, Cookery- S.uifjges ot raw Pork eaten, where, S. 30. Sawvers, and Saws, S. 60. C. 41. O. 35- . none, 332. -Scahl-jy l.ips caub'd by a Wind, O. 63. Scales, not us'd, where, 0. 434. Si:rf, what and where worn, 0,456. S. 129. ScholJ^^, where the only Courtiers, S. 59. Schools, O. 330, i, Scuchaden^ d. O. 195. SciHars, a I'onnmodity, where, C. 119. O. 23. Scorpion?, O. 320. C.63. S.25.an Anndore, 53,4. ScHda., \. Sir Fr. F>*alie\ Bowels tjuricd there, O. 39. Scurvev cur d, O. 92. 548. ^,, Sea, wlicrc, ''li^ji, j^^reat, rough, fwclling, O. 55.134. 198.2:^/} 2,3,9.241,7.253. 262,4. -.543,4. €.123,4. increased by contrary Winds,W. 100,7.0.42 1. fee Tornado's,Storms.No Grafs orWeeds in deep Seas, 393. where deep or ihailow, and deepening gra- dually,/^. 422,-},4,5.C. 16.48. H«d-Sca, 2i., Cockling or Kip- iing Salt. 3,5. MO." iC. 42,:?, tcr under 2, 5. fee •rivatecrs, rais\l by ked. • 0.44. 50. 40. 250, ?i 124. C 3-' u4,io2,:',B. Cookery. O. 330, 14. 198.2;!} by contrary ifs orWeed; pening gra- ing or Kip ling General Index. ling, O. 82. 13:?. 4i$.W.57.fparklin{T ,5; working Waves, in Storrns, 6(). O. 414. always fniooth, C. 30. long Khli prcl'aoing Storms W. 61,6. 70. Change of Colour, O. i^C uluaily a figii of Sho'es, or Land near, C.28. Sea and Wind rife and fa' 1 together, O. 217. At Sea, Land-Bjscczes faintcft, W.31,2,3. Icvvcll Tornado'?, 83, , 8. F.ir a: Sea, weakert Currents, 104, and Birds not fccn, O. 282. ';3i. Sea- winds warmcft, «i 29. fee Weather, Winds. Krcfh Waftr taken up at Sea, 42. S. 1 56. warilv, i <>i. Sea-Marks, fee Marks, fee Atlm\K^^ Indian^ Red Se.t.G- of Mexico^ and So.itb-Sca. Sea- men, good, S. 4. ^. bad, fee SpiUiltrds. Ignorance, 0. 2"' <,7,8. $07. VV. I 'i.Supcrdition, :ji. loft by c.irclcfnefs, 4 1,2. Frovcr > 4^- hardrtiip,48. tricks, O. 3iii. thitvifti,//'. ^.28,0. )uft,S.i 17,8. fc-rcc, J 12. Ice L.ifcavs. Sea-Devils, fifli, d. O 73. Sea-Cow, fee Manitee. Sea- or River" Hv-^rle, fee Hii^popotarnm. Sea-Lion, fee Lion. Sea-Dog, fee Seals lirimps, 81. fre Clami, d. Cockles, Conchi, Crabs, d. Crawfifli, H;rrc hoofs, d. Muicles,Oylierb, d. Fcri winkles, Prawns, Shrimps. Shells fluck in the Hjir, <,i,l. Shciboro^ Chi:ibi>Yg R. near SkrYii Leomty Engiijh Kattory and Trade of C.'m*W"0(i,0. "8. C. s8. Sliipb andShippinj^, where built, O 1 14. vvliitlier fcnN fceTradc. 1 illic us'd where, 1 1". 24^. 267. C. 122. lupprefs'd, S. 1 18. E. hu i';/n, whit a:id wlierc, O.^^j. S. 5,8. 9. 74-.5.6,7.8£j. iio.i.Houlei Ijilc to attend tl cm, iz^i,. ir.eafur'd, O. ^ 14. fee Champii^ Chinese Jonkf, Pr(>c*b. ..V/./^/j/;, lee /}:-.ip«/Li-lhip, Armada^ BarLiventA'WQcti tita^L-mA- fc.itea with VVorms fee Ihta'liin^i. C^uarter-dtck cut ilown, 9-0. how made to wear, VV. 04. cafl on Land by 5t jrms, C. t 2,5. VV. 07,9. 7-;. fee Wrecks. Scams opening in Harmatans, 49. H-ld lio wnh Hcpjcr, O. S25. lee Anchoring, Ljrk logs, Boats, Cables Canoa's, Careeninn,M.:its, Ojkam^Oars, Outlagsrs, Vaddles, ) Itch, I'unipi, Rudder, S:jilsTar, VVcii-bcar. Miirts, rone worn, S. 43. Ice Cloaths. Sliofs, none worn. O. 920. 408. 4yij'. S. 43. 129. like Slippers, and fmull ones of Chinefc Women, 0. 408. fee Feet. Shooting of Birds, newiy learnt, wlierc, S. 2d. Shooting-matches, foiem"', l'^. Shot, acummodity, C. 41. Sl.olcs and (hallow places, bars, I'lats, c\'c. where, O. 75>3'*'?' 135,0. 144,7,9. i-4. 195. 212.242. 2s^- (a fign of Land ncarj 283. 297. 303. 578. (very dan^:»erous; 382, .^.425.447,8. 4so,8,9. 460,1. (ili phicci inC!.:jr!s;402. S. 5.9.10,1,2. 105. 156,9. 170,1. C.28, 9. 55. 123. ufiull) near low Land, O.. '^22, 3,4, 5. difcoverd by change Dt Colour in tlic Water, 8c. Beacons let on them, 450. proper to Fi(h on, 297. (ce bilhirig Banks. See Anchoring*, .vhrimps, and Trade of ti^.em, S. 27,8. 128, C. 127, 8. Shrub,-, fee )>uilicj,l*';uit£, Trees. .S /*;//; Bay, rf.Iiles and i'uV.crmeu there,0. 398,9.400,1. 425-VVinds, VV. 21. Cou.ic, .i^. ^^g. Weather, 82. A^uala wood, S. 8. King-- ctoni of :./.rw, ihcir Inidc at Tonqn'u^ 10. 10. at Ach'in^ O. 504. "War viththc l^n^/ijh, Bdls bought tor the King, and En^JiJh in his fcr- ykc.ib. S. 101,2,3,5 to 9. Malfacied at Aierga, 151. Revolution,and Ei'giini from 6'/Wi City, 152, 3. Women prortitutes, O. 595- Achai>, 391, . . Sibbcl di Wards, Sebald de Wuerdts) Il'les, d. O. 80, i. Sick men refrclhd witii Herbs and Fruits, 0. 92. 520'. 542. S,2^ fee Difcalc5,Curc5. Si:k place, leo.0. 524,5.rec Air bad. $ight, good, 0„ 8. bad, 464, 5. Ice Eyes, ; " - , . , • ' Sign 6 terms Siikt Silk,) 6 where, 0.419. paper, SiJvcf thcr, C. 108. Rii Qiiick-fi tSi/vef S'lncap Singin Sijlxl, Sitting S'tuati Skiiis \ O. 429.4 Skv cle Slaves 184-456. Children, State, 13. Slipper .Sloth, ] SmalM' Smiths Smoaks Snakes ; (in houfes, (yellow, gi Snappej Snook, 1 Soap, a Soil, wh 112. 12 240. 2 5( 405.425,5 of it) 123/ VV. 109. fe Soldiers, Arms, 70,1 ditions, 70, Soldier-I 9' 5- ig) S. 25. ,, Conclu> Tivvinklcs, and Trade fee Trade. 118. E. In' j.i.Houles pi, Chinese i;t?/i/.»-t1cct, r-dtck cut Storms, C utans, 4^- )(»«, Bout 5) s, Vaddlcs, :e Slippers, g-raatches, 1.75,8.119- iirjiS-j. i.C.28,9. by chanj^c proper to n< ;5.VVinds, ). 8. Kin^- 504. War m his fer- lution,aQd >, O. 595- 542, 5,23^ ^ignSi General Index, Signs of Winds, Weather, &:c. fee Clouds, Fcgs, Land, Sky, itorms. Sun. Silks, a Commodity, where, O. 137.24^. 579. S. is (and nw Silk,) 61. C. i-o. for fovving, 119. Silk-worms, and Silk? mau»., where, O. 409. 5. 21,2, 5- • for iuiirumcnt-Cafcs,C73. eaten, O. 429.430.fcc Aires,Goais,Miratce, Seals, Leather Skv clear, when, VV. 4. 4 5. black, 06. fee Clouds, Weather. Slaves working, where, 0.2''5, c. 5^^. fee Nfgro's. made Slaves, 184.456.510,1,5,5.5.7.8. (by Parents and Husbands) 37, 8. (fee Children, Wives, the ufual i'unilhment, whcrej 83. 130. flavifh State, 132,4, 5.^. 141,2. Slippers, J^aiidais, w-^rn, O.408. S. 129. vSIoth, Be:fl, where, C. 59. 4;^. 01. Small-Pox, where, O. 334. Smiths (Black, Gold) 6(:c. d. O. 331,2. S.6o. 130,1,5. l3i. Smoaks and Fires feen, 0. 82. 459. afignal,2 52. Snukts and Serpents, what and where, 0. 103. 172. 212. 320, i. (inhoufes,&c.) 373. S.25. (an Antidote) 53,4.127.0.50.62. (yellow, f;reen, dun) d. 62, 3. Snapper, fiih, lme»7Crf, 0.2.3.4.^. 12, 9.4.8. 27,8.90,3,8. 41 to 6. 56 to 60,^,8. 75- 83,4,8.91,4, 6, 7» c. 100,2. 113 to 7. 1 20,2, to 8. I3i,4,5> .^- 14*^' 3»4>7,8,r '52, 3? $, to 8. 16-;, 5, to 173,5,7, to 182,4, to 209. 211,3,4,7, t0 22I.3,5,tO 235.9, to 261,4, to 273,5,7,9.280,2,3.5. 117.C. 13,9. 20. 34, 5. 42 ta 7.rfm/^ fpoken, O. 331. 3^^. 355-515. ^• AV»» Spain, Coaflsand places of it, d. C. i23,&c. Spani/J) Makril,where,C.7i.rf.72. Spears us'd, what and where, S. 72. Spice, a Commodity, S.65. O.245* ingrofs'd and fupprcfs*d,3i6,7. 350. 365- fee Dutch. Where to be had, ib. 317. 350, i, 2. fee Cina- i»on. Cloves, Clove- barkj Ginger ^Nutmegs, Pepper. 5pic'a-w3ter,359' fee the Spice. I/lands, Malayan learnt there, O. 395. Libby-tree and Sago, 311. anointing us'd, 537. Trade monopoliz'd, S. 117^ i65. fee Spice, Dutch. See Amboina, Bind.t^ Cejilon, Oiloh, Miangls^ Sumatra^ Ternate^ Tidore, See Prince, ■ __ Spider-s 5pidcr Spiltlt Spoon; Sports Spouts Spuma Squafh Squirr( Star-aj State c States Statur 2. 170. Sfrilir St7el, St cks Sting-i Stocks Stock Stock i 456. S. 4 Stoma Stone Stone-H; Storm I'rcfages, S. 35, 6. and F. W how cffe ricanes, TufFoon? Strang EntcrtJii &c.) VV( Straw' Street guarded, 5trum 5ubtk i'uckii catching Augar, C.iS.Cj 409.42$ ^'ulphi Sumat S. 143.3; Ccneriil Index, 5pidcrs large, and ufc of tlicir Teeth or Horns, C. 54. spittle provok'd by Bctlc, O. 519. Spoons of Coco-nut, O. 294. none ufed, 7,29. 450. Sports at ro»i<7«in, S. 5^. of others, fee Dancinj^, Gaminp;. Spouts, i/. (follow a Calm) and where, O. 4'^i. 2, 5. SpHma^ a white frothing Cacao, d. and whcrc5C. 1 1 1. Squafhes, Bcafts, d. and where, C. $9. 96. Squirrels, where, S. 127. eaten, 128. Star-apple, d. and where, O. 204. State of £.1f^/m/M^PrinccsJO. 535. S. 142,5. fee Princes. States 1. rf. O. 82. 424. Stature of People, low, 0.395.42^.454. W. 108. wc.m, O.51, 2. 170. 325. 5;7<. S. 40. C. 115. t.ill.O. 7.405.454.47?. Stnling with tlie Toe's, S. i ^3. fee Thieves. St?ei,what Coals bcf. to harden it, C. «;o, 7. St cks burnt on Altars, O. 412. Chop- flicks, d. S. 84. Sting-ray's, fifh.fce Rays. Stocks, an ufuaH'unifhment, where, S. 77. Stock fifh wood, d, where, and price, C. 57, 8. Stockings, a Commodity, C. 1^0. O. 137. none worn, -^26. 403. 45^'. S. 43. 1 2 9. fee Legs, Naked. Stomach, what good for it, O. ^19. Stone, Friable, O. 140. fcarce, ib. none, Cm. fee Rocks, Soli. Stone-Hatchets, fee Hatchets. Storms, what and where ufual, o- metbytheAuthor,^5rc.ar!d their Vrefages, 0.70. 83,4. 401.4 u,,, 5, -. 437, 8, 9. 49^;, ebr. 504. S. 35, 6. C. 91, 2, 3. 128. (/. w. 2. 19. 59 to 64. 75. mcft at thcN. and K. Moon, O. 415. fee Moon. Turr.ing then dangerous, 414, liow cffefted, V/. 64. fee Clouds, Corpus Sant^ Elephanta^ Murri- ricanes, Monfjons, ftorniy Norths, souths, Spoutf, Tornadoes, Tiiffoons. None where, O, (.4. fee Fjr//ui\; Sea. Strangers, carriage towards them, O. 327, 8. S. ands,Cure of a Dropfy, O.276. Swimming of one only ii 4 fright, O. 402. Svvines-flclh abhf rr'd fee Wog^^Mahomstau. Swings aiTonquhh d.S. $3. Swivels u^d for Guns, whfre, O.400.S. 73. Swords, what and where us'd,0. 3:^7. (wooden) ^66^ 9, $.S.7o,^. (Eack-fwordsj 184. f^e Creffets, Curtana's. Sword-fifh, a. and v- here, C 25.35. T. TAbagtUal.O.iSB. Tabago I. and T. by Panama, d- O. i 87,8. Tabago \. of thtCartbbes, wafted,0.485.C.5.i/. W. $5,/. r. 20. chief R. fee its branches, Vomea, RoJ^bo. Country, Soil, Profpefts, Mountains, Plains,&'c. u,4,y. 20,1,2. 3-,8,9.44,5. 90. 100,$. Weather, Floods, Seafonsand Harveft, 32,9.49. $0,5.73. 140, W. 23.75. 83.Veget?bIes, C. $8.S. 14. 21. d.22,to 5.45' ^ij 2, 3,4. 9o,2.Aninials,2i,,2-«. 25,6,7. 30,1. 47. $5.69. 73. 89. 92.C0m- mcdities, 21,2,4, 5. 3ci,<5i,2,3, (imported) 4,$ 87, 9. 101. Manu- faftures, 24,5,8. 3^. d, 60, to 3. Arts and Contrivances, 26,7,8. 4$. ^)7,9. 5?. 60,1,2,3. 70,1,3, to 7. 82.90,6,7,8,9. People numerous and poor, 1 4. 2 5. 37 to 42. 50,1. 64,$. 96,9. their Manners and Qua- lifications, 12,4. 41,2. 30, 1, 3,5.65,8. 71,8.81 to 5.90, 2. 9. 100. Language, Writing and Learning, 23. d. 59.60, 7. 8i. Buildings and P'urniturc, Gardens,&c. 43 to9. 52,6,7.90,1,4. Cloaths, Falhions. 41,2,3. 72. Cuftoms, 12,3,4. 37.41,2,5,6,7. $0, to 9.71,2,4, 7, to 85. 90,1,2. 100.0.375. Markets, Food,Cookcry, Tea, Entertain- ments,409.S. 28. 30,1. 53,4,5. >o,i,2, 3. 100. Fesifls, Religionjand VVorihip.O. 396,7.8. 53, 5 to 9. 67.91,2,5,6,7. Trade, 13,5. 20. 37.41,2, 50,1.60,1,3,4,5.86,7.101,2,3. Coin, 60. 72.82,8. Ship- ingand Boats, 14, 6. d. 74 to 7. Govcr ment Juftice,Punifhmcnts 13,5,6.42. 74. rf. 77 to 8^,^8,9. ThetwoK:-': and their Palaces, 47,8. 6^,7,8. ice Boua. The Chottaor governing K. hv State, &c. 42.58.81,2,3. his Rife, Character and Family,66, 7, 8, ;, Exac- tions, 65.85,9. Wealth, Stables, ArtiPery, Guards, Gallics, 69,10 "'T- Wars, 21. 67. 7- J 6. Officers, fee Eunuchs Ma darins, Forreign Merchants, Fitftories, andMiffionaries, 12 to $. ^8 9. y ; to IP3. /oo//rt, Cochin«el tree, fo called, O. 229. fee Cochiiicck Torches carried in a Heathen Proceffion,0. 397. Tornado's, d*. and where, O. 31.44. 7 J. 120 131.211,6,7, 22*;. 247.322.450,1,3 8.S.i5$.C.2 1. 5§,W.6.7.8.9.i4,o. 21, 2,3,5,6.36.41. 51,1' 79.80^2,3,4,6,7,8. fee Calms, Lightening and Thunder. Tonif^Oy Timber aiio Rains there, O. 140. Torfoife. Land, and its kinds, {Necatee, Terapeit) d» and where, jo.i, 2. C. 32, 59.109- u8, Toftoifc-ftidl Beards, d*Q, 32. what bcrt, beft, 10 Silt- Tow< Towi 219. on quinefc Streets. Toys, Trad* 179* l8< 4oo»i.5. 20,2, 4, « 127. 13c C. 10,1, W.73,4 349- 35« 131. W. 8. »64,5, S. 115,5 nefty. II raodities Trade! '^•'3o.i» Ti dde- am.'ing M Train-i Tranga Travel Filh and Treach Treats, Trees, i32»5. 15 309. 310. S. 5.14- 120,1,3. the Sea, 2 29.87. 10 123, 4. 18 See of uf< firings, O. ing, leeD] Aguala, A Dragon, F meto,Pon tine. Seel Triangle ^J&iTi and Min- ,^,8. ■j.d. 8. 5, 1, its Rife, tJgean^ Te- nea, Batjl)a, Country, ^9. 5055*7 5* 5.45. 61, 2, 39. 92.Cora- 101. Manu- ,2^,7,8.45^ )Ie numerous ers and Qua- 3, 2. 9. 100. Juildingi and hs, Falhions. 1,2,4, 7» to , Entertain- Religion,and de, 13,5- 20. 2.82,8.Ship- PuQifhmcnti. their Palaces;, State, &C. b, y Exac- ic$,^9,to''7' ins, Forreign ; to ip3. ek ,11,5,7. 225. 'i5,5.<^-3^'4»' hunder. ind where, . 0> 32* what bcft, General Index, beft, 103, 5. O'llofthem, eaten, 109. no. fee Turtle. Si\t-ToTtuga I. d, O. 55,6,7. French Tort, itt Petit Guavr;. Tower, Funeral, i.S. 52. 91,2. Watch, fee Look-out. Towns, Spanifh in America^ how built, fee Parades, Churches, O. 219. on Precipices, 428,9. Malajian^ Sec. fecHoufes on Po/ls. Ton- Quinefe in Groses, with Banks and Ditches, S. ui.44, 5« fee Mole, Streets. Sec Forts, Harbours, Profped picafant. Toys, a Commodity, where, Cup. fee iron, and Trade, what and where, O. 22, 7. 4;}, to 8. 53,9. 62. 11^1^2. 179.183.227,8.244,5,6.251.277. 307,8.352,9,4. 38^, 8.399. 400,1,5. 417,8. 421. 431,4,5,7,9.447.456.460. 537. S. 5.9 15,5. ^0,2,4,5. 37.41,2. 50,1. 60,1,5,4,5. 86,7 loi, 2, 3, 5, 1 10, 1, ^, 5. 127. 130, ro 7. 142,5,6,8. 150104,8.162 to 7,^ 173,4,8. 182,5. C. 10,1,8. 40,2,6,7,8. 58.85,9.92,8. no, 1,9. 120,2,4, to 7. 151. W.73,4. 108,9. to be cftablilhcd, O. 04. 235. 272,5' 316,7. 33'- 349. 350.383. 394.439.477.480,1.3. 3.5. 7. 102,3,5.182,3.0. 131.W. io8,5>. reftrain'd, where and how, O. 188.307,8.8. 1155'', 8. »64,5,6,7. 175,4. 185,4. Trade civilizes People, O. 325. 454. S. 115,5,6. brings OpprefTion, i^. but thrives by Liberty and Hc- nefty. 110,7.161, 2. Language us'd for it, fee Malayan, SeeCom- raoditics, Manufa^ures, Money, Shipping, &c. Trades and Employments, what and where, O. 331, 2. 395* 4^ 9* 5.130,1,5,5.181. Tidde-wind, True or General, Coafting, Shifting, Monfoons, fee aming Winds Train-oil of St. Is Turtle, PorpufTes, fee Oil. Trangambar^ Van:s and MoonyO. 506,7.8. 154,7,8, Travelling by Land, bad, where, O. 14,5,6,7,9.20, 3, 7. 255. of Firtl and Fowl, 39 5. fee Turtle. Treachery, O 7 5. C. 6. S. 175. fee Manners, bad, R. Ldut. Treats, fee Entertainments. Trees, Shrubs, &c. what and where, 0. 11,8. 1 01. no, 2. 12 r.. 132,5. 150,1. 162,3,4. 172,5,7. 188. 194,6.212. 232,3, 5.247, 25s^- 309. 310. 380,2. 390,7. 406.416. 426. 443,8. 463. 472, 3, 5,8. 532,. §. 5, 14. 24. 64. 113. 123,4,181. C.32. 45. 5538,9. 94. 102, 7,8, C.- 120,1,3. W. 93,5. 109. torn up by a Storm, 67. 0. 322. floating in the Sea, 230. Timber-trees,fit for Shipping,Mafts,YardSiC2noa5^&c» 29.87.101.122.131.169.191,5.204. 215. 594. 5. 24. 34. 115. 123,4.181. 0.58,9.94. 102. W. 95. lop. fee PUnk, Marts. Yard- See of ufc for Cloth, Cordage,Gun'fticks,Lances,Oars. Tree with firings, O. 295, 460. « very great one, d. 449. 450, Trees for Dy- ing, lee Dyes: Fruit-trees, fee Fruit: Spice-trees, fee Spice. See Aguala, Aloes, Betle, Cabbage-trce,Cedar,Cotton-tree,Cotton-buih, Dragon, Fir, Jack, Lance-wood, Libby, Palm, Palma-MurLt, P.11- meto, Pone, Silvefter, Tar-tree, Toona or Cochincel-tree, Turpen- tine. See Bulhes, Groves, Woods. Trian^leSf Iflesin the G^of Mexico, C 28. 4$. [ E 2 3 Tr-iniduif^ kip I General Index, l^rvudjcUl'C. 126. Currents, W. ioi,to 4. Turtle, O. 104. T)ij} I. Harbour and Lagunc in CnmfeAchy^ C. i^* d» 17, 9» 20, 1. 4J,7,to 53,6. 81.92,5,4. i;;2,8. 130. W. 34, $,9.40,4. 67. Tides, Tiiil I. by Sumatra, lovv, Variatm General Index. Variation of the Needle.what and where, W, $3, ^. 0. 80,3.287,3 Doubling the C. G. Mope by it, 531. Varnim made ot Lack, whcre,S. 61,2. Pulo Vby,d. and Trade, O. 399. 400. S. 10$. Vegetables, fee Bufhcs, Corn, Drugs, Dyes, Fruits, Herbs, Roots, Trees, Weeds. C La^eU, its -Tr.ide- winds, W. 17,8. Breezes, 34. Currents, •01,4, 5. HarUventa-^^tii coafting it, C. 1 25. C. Alto. Vela, its Winds, W. 3$. Vencraous Creatures, fee Centipce's, Galliwafp (Bcafl like a) Guano,Snakcs.FrL.it, Fins, Bones, &c. fee Poifonous. La VevA Cruz, (cc Cru^ C. Verd, Winds rwar ir, VV. 7.9- 1 $, <^> C. Ve>d Ides, tlieir Product, yQnngueJej6i,c. d. 0. 70, to 7. V\x\oVersro,d. S. i$7, 8. Verimi, its excellent Tobjcco, O. ^3. Verniine of Ne^rys and Indians^how brcdjO- 538, p. VeiTels, to hold Liquids,&c. 0.2. io,5. 294. 412. 490.C,ii5.rce Bambo's hollow, Baskets Buinkins,Cabbiiiets, Ca]abafli.C/;i/T^wbox, Cups, Earthen-wan ^ui,; Ladles, Spoons. For Navigation, fee Boats, Canoa's, Shipping. Vice, Smiths, none us'd, where, O. 332. Villages, tax'd to provide Soldiers, where, S. 71. how fcitcd,built, &c. fee Towns. Sec ' Viftualling-houfes or Inns at Tonquhj S. 100. St. Vincentyl, of the CaribueeSyC, 5. St. Vincent I. of the C. herd's, 0. 77. Vines, Vine-yards, where, O. 532,$. fee Gwpe-tree, Wine. Wild Vine, its Leaves good for Ulcers, where, C. 449. VinelIo's,PlantandCods, curing of them, and ufe, and where to be had, O. 38. 124. d. 23^,5.0. 123. VirginiayitsQedin^ O.29. Ship-worms, 3^3. Cold N. W. Winds, 530. Tides, W. 92. Lignum Vitoi, where, 0.57, Ulcers, Cure for them, 0. 449. St. John d'Vlfmy Fort, rf. C. 1 2 $. fee (La Vera) Crui- Umbrello's, where us'd, O.407. Vngee, a Title (probably) at Tonquin, S. 8 1. Voice, deep in the Throat, where, O* 406, 9. Volcans, their Eruptions accompanied with Storms, O. 225. throw out Pumice ftones, 230. fee Volcan Vejoyd.118,9. 2i6Se(:Volcans oiColima^Fogo^GuatimaUyLeon. Voyages, fee Co urfe. SeeDampier, Drake^ dit Q^tefne. GLtnWs Noted, S. 12$. Ttjx/er/iwV Brothers, 59. Utenfils, fee Adds, Anvil,Bambo's,Barbcu' s, Barklogs,Bcacons, Bellows, Benches, Bob- Bricks, Broom, Canes, Chairs, Coals, Cordage, Dice, Flags, Hammocks, Hives, Inftrument- Cafes, Ladders, Pageants, Palan- kins*, Paper, Pavillions, Pickers, inures, Planks, Plows, Powder^ [ P 3 ] Pumps, il I . i Gcncrd Index. Pumps, Scales, Thongs, Thread, Vices. See Boat8,Canoa's, Cloaths,' Filhing-lnftruments, Iron, Lacker-ware, MufKal-InftrumentSjOrna- mcnts, I'almeto- works, Shipping, Weapons. Vulgar Errours, fee Miflakes. W. VT7X/^r, left among the J^hmus Indians^ 0. 15. and his Return W from them naked and painted, 40. his Book referred to, WaUefnw-i the Devil fo call'd by the Afoi^/^o-men, O. 9. Walking-Canes, whence, 5. 178. 167. fee Canes. Cacao-walks, Ci ii,2.rf. 119. fee Cacao (niA of Plantains) PIantains,Plantations. Walls, what and where, O. J40. 218. 355.411. C.4$. 115, 127, Man of War ^ Bird, where, W. 66. and d. fee Man. Sibbdde Wards {StbalddclVaerdts) iacf,i.O. 80, i. Wares, fee Larthcn, Lacker, Manufaftures. Warner s caufing a Breach with the Caribbee- Indians^ C. 6. Warree, wild Hog, where, O. 9. 39. 1^9. C 59. 95. Wars among E. ///c/wny, O. 325. 337.444. S. 21.67,72,8. i«3j 6, 8. 143,4,5,8. 176. fee Fighting. Walliing, for health, pleafure, or Religion, where, 0. 322,9. 330. 343. S. 137. 148. i8q. Watch kept in Streets, 7' i8'9- 4oi»5' 4i3i'5,7.42o- 4?7,8,9. 481, 7,8. 4^0, 3, to 9. 540,7. (VVcfterly-wind SeafoTi inthel*''. W/i-j, d. VV. 17, ^,9.101,2.0.38,9.44.) Dubious, Irregular, Stormy, &c. 405,6. 4»3»4j5- 457.448. 45»53- 458,94^*^2.472,3,5.504. S.4. 36.155,7. *59' i7o,7.C. 22, 859. 36, 8. 129. Counter-winds, O. 351. Norths, their General Index. tVieir Seafon, C. 21, 9. 59. 41,8. fee Norths, SMfons,Storm5*Brtf^rf/; (Sea and Land) d, profefTcdly, VV. 26 to 42. VV. $. 8. 18, 9. 20,4, 5,7. $0,8. 102,5.0.2. 6. 119. 1^0,8. i8d. 201,9.218.240,6,7. 251, 2,7.26^,7. 274.280.521. 943. 4$o,i. 502. 548. S 12.52. 105.149. 155. 170,1,7. 180. C. 22.50,1,7.55. Sea-winds, w.irm,0. 529.5^0, Land-winds, cold, ib. VV. 41,2. C. 8. fee cold, whiffling winds prc- iaging Storms, VV. 61. 0.415. attending Spouts, 45 1,2, 5. Tcmpc- lluous, fee Storms. Eddy winds from two contrary ones, VV. 81. .Wind and Sea rife and fall together, 55i.Scabby winds, 55.fecCur- thagena-Er,Elephantayf{armetans,Fopogaios,TcTTcnoSySummajenta-Vy» Windows, what and where, S. 45. 172. O. 5^5. Wine, made, what and where, O. -'4. 53z.andaCommodity,i42, 5,5. 170. 194,6.214. fee Vines, Palm-wine. _„VViveJ, plurality of them, O. 554. 455. 514.. S. 5o.58. VV. iii. wh'-re but one, O 9.452. bought of their Parents, S. 50. VV. 111. married early, C- 114. proftituted by their Husbands, O. 595. fee Women proftitutcs. Allowed free Converfation with Strangers, 527,8. ;57,8. fee PagiUieu Agreement with their Husbands, 452. influence over them, 1 5. Employments, 9.452. VV. 1 10. of Princes, S 67,8. 0. 55$. 514. fold by their Husbands, S. 50. gam'd away,42. fee Manners, Marriage, Women. 01d.VVives,Filh, where, S. 128. Women, refpeft (hewn them, S. 100. abus'd, 161. negotiating Trade, §r,2. familiar with Strangers, 527. fee Pagallies: civil to them, 12. 459. begging modeftly, ib. Natural Affeftion,&c.452, 5. 2$o. C. 11$. Proftitutcs, O. 565. 595. S. 15.50,1. Dancing-Wo- men, 146. O. 540, i,'2. felling Tea, 0. 409. S. 51. Money-changers, 60.88.151. 142. all the Women Slaves,! 46. Perfons,to8. 265,9.275. 291.309- 3?5- 347. 378, 9.380,2,4, 5. 593,9.402, 6.421.442,3,8. 454.463.472,8.480.5.4.5.19.20,2, 4.44.105.128.142.164.175,4.180, 1.C.14. 50,2,4. (Men loft in them) 85 to 7. fShips lodg'd there by Storms, W. 70. C.) 92, 5,9.1 ii,2.VV.46.56. 109. none, O. io5. C. 45. fee Trees. Wood for Dying, C. $7, 8. fee Dyes. Bcft for Lacker- \Vare,5.6i,2,4.fee Lack. Drift- vood, g.O- 230. Wood-lice or White Ants, where, S. 127. VVioden^ his Efcape from the Spaniards^ C.19* Words, Names, Exotick, ot Indians, Negroes^Scc.O.^. 145. 527-. 8. 359,389.391.409-419.451. 46>.478. (479. fee Language.) 498, 9. 502,7,8.513,4,^ $3^»7'S.25,8.3i. 56.81,3.32,8. 132,8, I7i,3>9' C.105. World, Breexef^ 9. 20,4, ,7. 251, 05.149. ,29.5^0, ind&prc- Tcmpc- VV. 81. ^SctCar- iity,i42» VV. III. VV.iii. 395. fee Strangers, inds,492. f Princes, away, 42. egotiating r; civil to 5cc.432,3. cing-VVo- -changcrs, Cai5-fec ths, Orna- cct, 327' fhcre, O. .,7,8.188. 103,9.27$. .442,3,8. |i 7 5,4. 180, there by lO. 106. C, for Lackcr- [c.)498,9' M7i,3'9' Gcno'dl Im/c'x. Working, frc Log-wood-cutting. Work-houfes unhealthy, 9.'5:< World, fee Globe. Worms, in Hides, C 88. breeding in Mens Lc^s,&:c. 8 :. (/. and Curc,9o, I. Silkworms, wlierc, i). 2$. Ship-worm?, wliL^re bred, Hurt and Remedy, O, 56:, -5. Worm-feed, a Commodity, S, 5i. and whence, '''4. Worfhip(.>frt/;owf^;rn)alikc intlic E.andVl^Cjhl. W. 5^.wh.if it Ton- quin, S. ^7,8.fcc Idolatry. Sec Religion, Idolatry, Muhmietanifn' Wound of Amputations, how curd, S. 159. 140. Wrccks,vvhat and where, 0. 50- 154* 14?' 405,5.5. 27,8.0. 92,5 W. 63, 9. 70. Ship-wrcckt Men kept, where, S. 7. 3. y. YAm?, Roots, where, O. c. 12,4,8,9. 22.46,8, 75. 141. 151.;! i. 426. 435,5.7. 514. 54^. S". 22. w^. i2'j. i3i. C. 9. none, O. 480. 464, 5. Yards of Ships, Timber fit for them, where, O. 59 (, 5. 17 1. 2. Year, Scafonsof it where diftinguifli'd into \Wt and Dry, W. 2* S. 51, 2. Ne..-year, when it begins, and Ncw-ycars [''call at Tn- f«/n, 5g. fee Day,Timc. Tlo R. not perennial, O. 95. S, ;$. Tucat an, fee Jucatan. Tunam(ynnan) Province of China, its Site and CommoditicSjS.54. Z. ZElifeo {Xalifco) nill, d. O. 267. Zone, Torrtdy its Seafons befl diftinguiflid into Wet and Dry, S. 52. W. 2. yet the Weather various, even in the fame Latitudes, 77, &c. grcateft Heat there, where and why, S. 32, :;. the Cjiifc of Land- Flocds there, and Ntlcs overflowing, ^4, 5. Rivert iiudc by the Floods oaly, ib. Weather, and Winds there, Storna?, Tides and Currents, fee t\\t Scheme, W. 1. fee Equator, Oaks, Tnhkl^s^ Tropick-Birds. ERRATA. Vol. H. Part i. .3. I. 16. r. has been 4. 1. 19. r. Coco-Nuts, 9. L 17. r. as without. 17. 1. 6. r. many years. 39.1. i9.r. the Pac}fit\ 79.1' 35. r. bare-headed, 81.I. i2.r. fcaree a 84. l.io.t.qHinefe 9i.l.32.r.broad at the ground: 95. 1- 35' r. page 477. 98. {. 20. for Arek r* Coco. 100. 1. 26. of a perfon 117. 1. II. have of a 1. 27.r. their Forts. ^ 50. (tp tjje bit^Qni) Ti copinut\d ^ Part 2. 12. 1. 30. for m.^/;f, r. nigh. 17. I. 14. bliod. r. lloor!. 16. r. which is uui4liy,f.;c. 2 2.7Tjrt?, r. ina Tow. 55. Slmts, r. Shoals I ^. Citnit'd, r. carcen'd 6. r.had not for^,ot their, Sj. 2,'j,h.tliily,r.h.ip:>ilji (innM\t^ Lmoma^ O/V/vv, &.c. 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Mr- Anth'my AlphQnf}\\. of A7.//)/t'f Antony and Cloputta Be I /.I mi) a I>I.ick Trincc at Tryphon Country Wit Country Wife Chances Ci/te Cheats City Politicks Canihyfi's Dertruftlon oi Jcrufakm Duke and no Duke Devil of a Wife DiftrclTed Innocence .Dame Dobfm Dutch Lover Don Qj4ixoti 9 part Double Dealer Kmprefs oi Morocco £url of EjTex Knglfff) Monarch Englijh Krycr Edward the Third Kmpcror of the Moon Ertgllfh lawyer Kond Hub'^and teign'd Courtezans Forc'd Marriage Greenwich P.frk Nt'nry 5 and Mujldphd- And Heir oi Morocco //unlt't lbr>ihhn (Hand I'rinccfs \ JuiiHi f'af.ir Ihjur'd Lovers Linoccnt Ufurpei King and no King Kinj^ Lear Love in a Tub London Cuckolds Love for Money Man of Mode Mulberry Garden Macl(beth Madam ^ic{de Maids Tragedy Marriage-hater match d Maids laft Prayer Othello Old Ratchelor Oronnol^ Plain Dealer PhUathr Regit Ins Rehearfal Richmond Hcirefs Scornful Lady She would if (he could Siege of Babilon S\r Solomon Single Squire Oldfap Succcfsfui Strangers all other Plays, M 'd d