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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent §tre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. ' errata d to It e pelure, ;on d n 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 32X 33 % 6'n I -5. v.-. ij;;^ -* MADE EASY ()!!, HOW TO SETTLE ON THE PRAIRIE, I'.V W. v. MCXiJO. Alllliii; 01 " 15 \(K\\()(l|)S AM) 1*1; MIMIN, 'II'V.. (il, \S(;(»W: M \<'i{(»Ms \ CO.. i'i;iNTi:i;s, js st inocii s(,»ii,\iii:. 1883. AGENCY OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY AXD THE CANADA NORTH-WEST LAND COWPANY, FOR co>;duc'tix(; the formation axp settlkmknt of a'illage- FARM COLOMKS IN THE NOKTII-WKST TKRRITOltY OF CANADA. An Aircney his been cstabl'sliofl to Cotiinrt the formation and PettloiiK iitdf Sninn(Jr()Ui>sor I'iiiiiilies, or "Vill,)!,'c Farm Colonics," in sclrctjil i)ositioiis, within thu railway licit of the North-Wcst Tcnitory of Canaiia. This moilo of stMt!fincnt for ]icrsons of limited means is nnw ln;fhly rccdninicidc 1. T.ic Lands, whieh he- loiiL' to the ( aiuidiaii Odvi rnnieiit, the Caiiidian racilic Railway, and the (,'ana la Ninth We t Eand Connany, m:iy now bo i-el( eted, Pee M re I, and in-ejiared hi advatire. Ri lialile A;4:eiits resident at R-,y:ina, N.W. T., arc ■.\]i]^ linted to make selections of colony sites, find )iro])are the .same, if recjuired. All eommnnieations to b; addressed to AV. F. Munro, 54 West Nile fcitrcet, Olas^^ow, head olfiee of the Aj,"jney for Scotland. //( atl OjVce III CdumUi — 11 EG IN A, N.W. T. M W. F. MUNUO, A}' Knn\ ha\e adoptt'il the American system of la\in,L;' out the land in s([uare hloeks of one mile s([uare, called sectioirs, and containing;' (UO acres each. These are all further divideil into fotn smallersl^ares, called (juarter sections, containiiiij; llKJ acres 1) each. W e lunt' also copied the American system of uiviiiL;' our lands away In alternate sections, that is. A\hen j^raiits of land luive heen made to help to huild lailways thiduuh the country, these grants are always in alternate order, one section cotneiin"- with another, not lying alongsid(> each other. A railwav helt, therefore, means a tract of land through the ceiitic of which runs the line of railway, the half of the land belonging to the lailwav. the other half to the (^)^■erllment. 'i'hns the la!id< in a iaii\\a\- helt will resend)le the hlack and white >(|nares in a draught-hoard, the one kind Ijcing I'ailway, the other (ioNei nn.ent sipiares. 'I he land policy of these two ditl'erent projirietors i< a little dillerent the raihvay will sell their lands to anyhody at frelt. A settler entering a railway helt finds this arrajiK - ment a little confusing at Hi'st. It is true he might step outride che belt to where the Government still owns all the land, and have a freer choice, but that often means stepping beyond the bounds of help, neighbourhood, and civilization. It is said that tlio imlividutdity of English speaking people CA.cc5f 5 scattered settlement in any new country. I am convinced that scattered settlement is the result of circumstances arising from the natural diversities of situation, and from the way lands are laid out and held. A now country is full of prizes in the shape of ciioice situations, and there is always a scraml>le for these. If individuality is the cause of scattered settlement, what causes towns and villages to spring up ? There is a way in which people can settle together in groups on the prairie that will be of the greatest advantage to themselves at the start, and Avill not clash with their individuality in the least. I shall describe how a group of four families might make a start. Here is a Government section; it contains four exact sfpiares of land, each containing 160 acres (100 acres used to 1)e considered a large farm in Ontario when it was first settled) ; it is occupied by two settlers, each has a free homestead, and a pre-emption, together making a farm of 320 acres ; each settler Iniilds his house where- ever he takes the notion, but it ha^ lo be on his homestead quarter ~ection; thus it may happen, and ofter loes hap[)en, that the t occupants of a section of land live at a distance of more than a mile from each othe:;^ Now, instead of only two families occupying a section with their houses, it may be, at the extreme corners, I would atlvise that four families bo content with a (piarter soction each, and build f V their houses n-hci-e the four corners of their (piartcr sections meet in the centre of a ^hole section. This would 1)e the simplest form of a village-farm Colonv. f v • ■■ • A Colony of four families might settle in the same way in the centre of two sections, one a Government section, the other a railway or other section. In this case each settler would have a farm of 3l*0 acies. But perhaps the best form of Colony is where eight families would settle in the centre of foui- sections, two of them Government sections, the other two railway or other sections, the whole form- ing a solid .Mjuare lilock of land two miles square, containin-' 25GO acres, and thus alTurding to each Colonist a farm of 320 acres, as before. In this case, the farms wouM he tiilatcral in form at the start : they need not remain ><• jtci'manently, as ^\■\\\ apitear in tlio sequel 11ns nuiilf (if x'trlcnicni is )i(is>ihlo diily under certain con- ditions. Theic nnist he concerted action on the part of the Colonists, ami the Colon}' .sites nnist he selected to airswer the re(|uirements of the Colom', that is to sav. thev must he the most eligible that can he got. Are these conditions realisable? By means of a very simple kind of machinery the work can be done. The Canadian Pacific Haihvay, and the Canada Xorth-West Land Com[iany, have jointly established an agency for conducting the formation here and the settlement there of groups of four or eight fannlies on the ])lan described. The agency works in this way. AVlicn :i urou]) (»t four ov ri-lit families deeiiU; to settle as here i'('cniiiiiii'nii('(|, ami iiiaki' ii|iliralii>ii to lli;U ctrci't, payiirj; a (U'jiusit as |)i(Mi|' lit -(Ml. I faitl:, il'.iris arc caMcil to the a.^clits at Kfii-ilia the lieu- C'aiiital of tlir Xoi th-W'cst to srlcct such a Colouv >itc a> may l>c vc<|uircil. Tliis is done at once. The laml tuisweriii-' all the conditions ot a Colony site is securcil and resci'ved. These same agents will receive the Colony on it.^ aiiival. and assi>t in its settlement. If desired, houses may he put no. and a few acrc> hidkcn in advance, for which the actual cost oid\- ^\ ill !ic chari:cd. These aueuts are a class of ])rofessional laml \aluatoi's now extensively engaged in the \orth-\\est at this kind of work, hutli foi' puMie ai. I i>rivate corporations. Xo (pu'slion can he rai>ed as to the ilepeiidence to he [ilaced on the worlv they perform, for they ha\'e no interest on either >ide. Their instructions ari' to Ijnd suitahle CoKiii}' sites, to make diagranr^ of the .>anie, showing surface conditions and (jualit\- of the soil : if these ai'i' found to answer the rei[uirements of t!ie ca,>e. the land> are eiitereil ;iml -^enuvd. The ad\anta.ues of thi.- mode of seiiK'nieiit may he -ummed u)i as follows: - (irou]i.- of four or ei^ht fanulji' oi' fiiends may leaNC home toLirther. tia\"el. land, and -ettle to'^e-ther. Til •) may form the licuinning of ari important >ettlement : the Colony >ites are selected with this ooject in \iew. Many woidd-he settlers of small means, for whom it would lie a ri.-^k to >ettle aloiu' on the jirairie at all, nuuht. with e\ery conlideui'e, start as a ( 'olony on the plan pro}»o>(/d. A group of ^iich. ]m>t ahle, and no more, to jtro\iile hetween them the stock, implements, and machineiy necessary to one, if sett liny alone, might nialce a shift for a year or so as ;i Colony, (dose nei,uhlH)urhoi»il, op])ortninties of e.\- chaiiging lahour among the Colonists thciir-eh'cs and with outride Settlers, proximity to riu; railway, with the certainty that actual resilience and cuIti\a;ion nf the land will ra]iiill\ enhance it- ^■alue, are among the udwuitages of this >inall ('olony plan. Mall)' farmers in the Xorth-W'esr, Avho commenced on a home- stead and pre-eni]»t ion, ha\e. after two ur three years, sold one or tin' other at vrvy high hgiires. It is not exaggerating to say tliat sales of oi'dinary farming land, for farming piu-poscs, ha\(' heeii made at from L'-i to £.") an acre. Suppose a ('olony of eight families, settling in the centre of hiur selected scitioirs within the railway l>elt, hi'ing luider ciUti\atiou the t'oiu' central ipiarter sL'ction.s. tliat is, one whole sectimi. and suppose they agree to sell 8 tins sc(;ti()ii in oidor to clear tlieinsclvcs, and lul^'0 a little capital over to liegin again as individual settlers on the Ixdancc of tlie Colony site, I say there would he no ditliculty in eHecting a sale at .£.■?. Jieineiuher that t'l, at the veiy least, is added to the value of every acre once it is ploughed and cropj)eil. Ai\y nian l)uying such a section at £■] per acre, could pay for it out of the first crop. The sale of this section, therefore, at no more than £3 per acre, Avotild yield £20) to each of the eight settlers, sup])0sing they all contrihuted an eijual share to the cultivation of the land. 'J'his would enahle each one to clear himself, and leave a halancc on hand to hegin wttrk on his di\-ided portion of the Colony site, which would be a farm of I'lO acres, all paid for, and of the same shape as the farms which the Government gave to the children of the natives after the settlement of the country. In the case of a Colony of four families being content with a farm of IGO acres each, and desiring to settle in the centre of a (iovernment section, it may be here mentioned that this can ]>e former, the terms on which the CTOvcirnment section m;iy he acijuired will he the same as ])e- fore, with this exception, that tlic agency make- no charge foi- sclectin'j; or entei'ing the lands, recei\'in''' and assisting tho settlei's. The jirice of the railway land varies acooiding to distance from the line, and adaptahility for general farming pnr[)Oses. Sections around stations, and innnediately on the line of the road, ai'c re- served for sale on s[)ecial terms ; hut all llui rest of the land contained within the 2 t-mile giant on each side (»f the I'ailway is divided into four belts, each six miles wide. Lands in belt A. the six miles neai'est the line, cost 2Ss. ])(M' acre: in Ixdt 1>, being the next six miles, 20s. to _'.")s. : in belt C. the next six miles, l.js. to l^s. ; in belt I), the outer six miles, 10s. to 12s. }ter acre. These aie tlie [)rices to individual settlers, with- out conditions as to cultivation. The lands may be purchased, however, subject to cultivation of onedialf in four years, and in this cas(! an abatement of half the cost is allowed for e\ery acre; cultivated, that is, once ploughed and cropjied. The terms of payment are one-sixth in advance, the balance in tive equal annual instalments, -with interest at six ]ier cent. i>ei- annum; so that a Colony of four families, taking up a (Government section and a railway section togethei', are re((uired to remit the Government entrance fees, namely, £2, and the first instalment of the price of the railway land — here assumed to be at the average price of 20s. per acre, and the first instalment, therefore, amounting in even money to £107. E\'ery sccti(Mi of this raihvay land has been valued, and has its price entered in a l)0ok, along with its appro- priate diagram and topograph)', so that there can be no rpiestion raised as to what has to be paid ; for simi)licity's sake, an average price is assumesaL:(', aial t'."'i Ss. ."id. for the rest of ihe way. £' 1 iier adnlt is char^ii <1 extra from (^)ne1)ec l»y the all i;iil r(iut(\ (hildreii hetwcen the aiies of one and t\vtd\'e yeais are chariied £l' for the ocean passauc, ainl lialfd'are for the rest of the way. e\ce)it that children under ti\e yeais aic free. Tlu'se excecdiimly U<\v lates, made specially for aiiricultural lahoureis and female doniolic ser\'atits, may no\\' he had hy Cohmists under the plan ]iropose