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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mtthode. irrata to pelure, n d D 32X 1 2 3 t 9 : . ■■■-*,.%. msm^ss!^^^^^^^ A CANADIAN TOUE: W »*><• ^:^' A EEPRINT OF LETTERS FROM THE SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT OF I 'J' ■*,/■ "i M$ imt! PRICE SIXPENCE. i. i LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY GEORGE EDWARD WRIGHT, AT THE TIMES OFFICE, PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE. 1860. C/hNMilAm PACSFiG RAILWAY. THE MOST O.iRESr AND CHEAPEST RODTE TO THE O.^NAOIA:^ f.'GRTH-WEST AND ALL POINTS \H emu A?iD THE UNITED STATES. THE TFIJIOrGIi ALL-IIAIL ROm: IS 278 MILES .Sh-OETEE THAN ANY EXISTIHG ALL-RAiL KOUTE. IV!AGN,FIC.Mr SLEEPING AND orA^.n RCOM CARRIAGES ;:^4!lMr.. •re.ttacho,! to nil .Uy „,„i ,,f,...t „,un.. an,! K,.i^.„nt Wc; or. :■„.„,.,.=.•,. f,. u r ■ «.. ...pin, .VH... ..,. .,.,.:, ,.;,,.:,':,,'"' '^"^- --'■^••-^•-..iK.,.W>n.wi„,Koo,.. l-an,. „., „. ,.„, ...., „, ,.,.,,,,,, „, ^.^„.^. „„.,„,;,,^,^^_ '•' ' • " ^ "■ ■ •"- -"--"" or t.. Co.. ...e nu...o„s t: .u-fers „,„« ,. „,.;....,, v...,:.,io,„ Cu»W re.u..:i„„s ..„,.„.„. .... THE LAJvE-A;;|)-KA1l U:)rTE TO 7JIE WENT. (ViA (.WKX SOi;X!) AM) LW.K Si i.-ciuo;;.) ..::::;:: •::;::::,:::::::::■::,:::■ ^ '-"■ ' - -■■■■' ^ " - >■ -. .r:r::::r"::r;r;::;:::::r":::.rr''r'" '-"•'-— customs- examination 18 required. ^ ^''^ CLuaOlx:! =eip-,rt, no fcr:hor The eo,nM.t.ou of the Canadian r.ci^,- l;„il,v„y, which is tl.o „„.,■ .il-,.,.' . ,„ , „ , thrown open to Settlement .... c,f the tia.st a.ricu,,,.., h.n,. i,. .,■,...„,;..„; „„ s^^^i^^TT. '"'"'''"■ ''" Gon-rumeiit ofT.r ],;ii .icres free. -N>"th-\\ , st.ol «huh IJi ■ Uuiuiniun Fo^]M,^sofIW.ye,lir.st-cl.,«aa,^«lH.oi,a,wl,'r.ut^,re.s an,lf-,,.l.,.r i-f r r in i;re,.t Britain a,.llr,.ia„,l, or to -f'Tn:,t,o„, „„,,,. to „„y ,S,..,..„,.,,i, ^gent LONDON OFFiOE: 88, CANNON-STREET, E.G. LIVEKPOOL OrnCE: 31. .AMES ST.EET ; u.ASaOW OmOE : ij. BUCHANAN STREET. New Pamphlets and Maps, just Published, .cnt Free of Char ge on application. SAMPSON LOV/, MARSTON, & CO.'S NEW BOOKS. THE FAR INTERIOR : a Narrative of Travel mill Aihenturi', Ir 111! lb" ('a]iM of (ioivl Hiipi'. iipi'osa llii! /^iiuiDcsi, to till' I.iki) llix'iims of Centr.il Africa. I'y IVAI.TKU MONTACfT KEllli, C.K., I'll (. S. Illu,- triitcii Willi Sk ti'lirs liy tlio Aiitlior, (■ii:triivr(l Uy Mr. .). ]). t'lHipi r mill (illiiTs, ami onutniiiing ii r;inlully-jiiii)ari'il Alap f.-(iiii • snccial tiiir\ij by tbo Aiithur. "J vuis. iltniy bvo., cli.lb, :t--.. " Mr. Kerr is a man of obsiTTHtinn, lie is not proiii' to Pxn;;i;. ration, ami lii:< luroiitil of liis ji iiriiiyiii;;s aiiioii„' till' Ki llir r.uM'S of Soiitli-Ka^t J'^iiiatorial Africa ron- tnius II urli tliat will intrre^t ninny n:iilri's. . . lie ITUS the I'rst !:urnpnan to cross from oiiil to c nil tlio (,'U'at tfirrilniy liitwciii ihi' I'apo t'liliiny ami ll;c I.^iku Njnsku, Bud in tliix rt'>|)('i-t may claim a \>\,\ii: aiiiung thu pioneer!) of African ( .Tplonitiou." — Morning r<..-.t. thr:3E thousand miles through BU.\Z1I, I!y JAMKS W. AViMJ.S, M. Inst. C.i:., F.R.OS. A narrative of tlio Bciii.s nnil iuciiU'iits of ii long jnnrncy in tliM inti'rior, in carryin,; out Hurvcys of tbo valli'y^ of tlio Itii) raraoiiilia ami til.' I'ppcr Kio San l''rn'"'isi'u, ami ill travels ami I'tijlonitinns lli't •■::temlril froiii Ilio i||' .laneiri) to Maraulian. Willi M:!ps ami Uhis- lratio;is, an.l iin AppinliK of .statistics. Now reaily, iu two vols, ill uiy Mvo., cloth, ',i2j. " Givfs much infnruiation tli.it iu„-ht to prove u.scfiil . . . . 'Illij book abiuinK wit.'i uiulsomout." — TU6 Times. " Tho work funiislies a lifc-liUo niclure of wbat tbi BUtliiir ban si en. His narrative is ei.ilii llisbcil wilb protl; illi,iti.itions lVii:ii bis own pm."— At bona inn. " Tlio best book of travels ju Ur.uil wkich has yd apiiar.'l."— I'all MM G.iaetto. " Two fascinatinj,' volumes." — Scotsman, CALDHCOTT (RANDOLPH). A PERSONAL MKMOlltot bis KAItl.V AIM' t AiU:i;U. Jtv IIKNUV ];i..Vl'Kl!i;i!N'. Willi i;o llinstralions, marly Hh) of wliicb I'itliei-to unpiiblisle ,.'. S.iuiro .Svo., el'itU i xtr.i, 1 Is. A few eopies only will be priuto 1, foriniiii; ar l:.di.iou du Luxe, prise 'Jls. LAMB'S ESSAYS cf ELIA (Selections from). Willi over IDJ Woo.leiit llliislrations by OIlAllLK.j (). MUUUAY. Crown Svo., t-lotb txtra, (Js. THE HISTORY of NORWAY. By PRO- ri;s.-s01l lI.IAL.MAli BOYIiSEN. 12mo., fully lUus- trateil, 78. U. I. Ni;w xnvi:i, ay ji;an' ixgelow. JOHN JEROME : Hii? Thoughts and Ways. A liiiok witboiit l!:riiiMi!i(j. Ity JKAN' INCiKUJW, Auibor of "Oir tlie'Skelli-s." •• Snr.ili .!o IJereri^-. r." I " I'lin .loliii," ic. t'r.iwn XiO., cloth, 5d. (Issneil in 1 Low's Stauvluril Novels Surie.s.) PHELPS (SAMUEL).- LIFE and LIFE ■WOKIC ot.SVMl'KL I'll 1,1,1'.'';. I'.y W. MAY rillJ.I'.S anil ,I()H.\ I'i)l;i;i;S-l!OBEUT.SON. IJtuiy bvo., with rortr;ii;s, rluili extra. I'Ji. " .\pp -als irrosistilily to all lovers anil students ot tbo st.'\;;e. It is a perl'e"!, .storeboiise of fad, and ti.v on- tliiisi:u mi,.Mi;, lOmo., doth extra. Is. lid. Ga'uhcrod together by ' 1..S,, I'.S.A. h-:.dl crown NEW BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. THE IVORY KING : a Ponular Hi.story of the Klopliaiit aud its Allies. Hv t HAS. I'. IK )Id)i:i{, I.argo crown Svo., with many lll.istratious, cloth e,\tra, «s. Od. KJEAV -WUnK HY MIS.'^ I.. M. Al.COTT, ArTIIt)K Ol" •• l.ITTl.K AVUMKV.' ie. JO.'S BOYS and HOW THEY TURNED OUT. A Seipiel to " hittlo ileu." Small pojt Svo., cloth tiM, in. " t'hristmas without Jules Verno would be a sad tim« for many lOuylish boys." — Satui- lay lleview. NEW .'^I'OUY i!Y JVl.Vli VERNK. VERNE (JULEf:).-MATHIAS SANDORF. l-'ully Ulustrnted. bi|aare crown 6vo., cloth extra, giU ed„'Js, lUs. Gd. 700 STORIES for Boys .-ind Girls, 12 Fitia Coloured Pla'.cs, and Hundreds of Illustrations, In the handsome quarto, doth bound, New Volume of " HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE," and a Guaranteed genuine Keyless WATERBURY WATCH can be had, post free to any address In the United Kingdom, by sending a P.O.O. for 13s. 6d. to SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, and RIVINGTON, 188, Fleet Street, London. London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, and RIVINGTON, GROWN BUILDINGS. 188. FLEET STREET, E.G. Till? rw, Plf.Ki> K'!T!r>, PrMV fvn.. f'l ( hi, ri;T( n ns., wnit ('cinrMi' Matk, e:^jr uajestfb colonies. A SEDIKti OF oniGISAI. lAIFIiS lSSIi:i) rM>i:U 'HIE ALTIIoIUTY 01' THE noi'AL C(iMMISSll(iu'iit t( rach i>n\n-T, .11. "T P.rAi'T, Mi;mlm 4to., iiani S'^mi^iv I'.ors; , I'l tr <;1 Tis., REMINISCENCES of the COLONIAL and INDIAN EXIIIBI ION. VlXa TWO COLOUKLI) ru\Ti;S, eight LU lIlMis, mil Miiummv ..tli.r FOULrPAOE und BMALLKH 1LI-U3TUAT10N8, BY THOMAS RILEY. DKSIUNIK t cltijaiit mal Miitsblc (;iit-lM,ol;, .is wi 11 as n ! I'liilfionir Mi.iviii.r of the l''<) • 'li IF, f< ruling a llivu.i oiuo VuUiUit f r tl.( iusnai„-ri.uuj tHti.e. l[U|. lit t'xtnt cloth ixiiLrd-^ irill ; oi .S-v b itlnU io niL.kK -Oil t'l v.iiit OAl\ALlAik1b, re r, ■•« tri.l. ftirl Tlli. !■ Ui»ii. iiE t.ihlr. ! rSM ItK't L ft!' i- no: 6 K iion." PAV Urvir.w.-" M.-.bt int.'re-'tiii;; an * ttr- mi' j- piCTriuit '"hP (111! tfMit;..^ l.j Mr. sj.iiic> \u*l] i.n-i l.i r l 1.- f • iorw.lf .• t'l »l I' mir»' ti\('in--i'. "■■ ihi." fi ry uf.ru. ti\t* vo an.r. ' 11. ■■'• ',iA,,.i;n»-. — ■ Wiiutvs- -i"i.ianv n.e'i t" I e I •!■; .-lb ul I Oiil Li'inii it PXct^\'tsoi ally tl:t*"l lO toll ui^ ; an i'l tr.tnl tu-t-y^ atitl lit urljr ;:tji>i|- 1 n 4.1''- ii'i.ii ni-:i'll) tl p giiivof »V- Ar* \Vi y-i ;ei. It ntwiA he u nn si (»..<• to t .>ri' tr.o l-n-k . nt i;i eii' ■ f •• e ilr:iw'!i^ moiii t; U'o It wil tiuOn .h'.e.Uy . j 1 -11 , o ". iir 1 tin- f» p.i .iniiV" ' c ;it^tl u ■.. r.rj oDn vibo ifi. ttiru ovi-r lid 1- i?M ii«t I :).f rt it!< » »h tutc* It ;uui^iy U wul ciriYcy also a hiri:e umxutt m tfoliU iiitormii- Ttir ATKFv.n " ~" It. uliows on cTny v.-goM.o wriKr's iitnn.ij for t!H> l:i k o | r<>- hni' c« ll't'tH uiU one ;^ :*. ii > \o iimt' wi.-it Im li. ^ t" i!»y b;* »r»vflh'r 'athi-r Liriu xi (Irvfiiior Oot ernl. Itf ci < ir 'n Ikivk kiit iiiv.tw thrdUil.oat tbtf jic IV. (I'M- HI.. i il e it'.i'iH** tr. tti<)iu'h 11 w*; im u. ilOi- lur bnn tint tu r(.nv«ynftvKt' by tb.- w»y. AMiWfthor Iti* vobiii f <1( plcts CiiniulA iii 1* nsj ibul WL> MO iiul lil.cly fcouii t't &«v ct.riaABo.k. ' Tiii- f'w \i>i'. s C.\/A r;r - " M. Just I'liiUKiin-. Sicunh Ki'intN. Cj.own 8vo., ci.oin, 73. 6n., VfiTii FirrrkN Iixustkatjoks, ADVAXCE, AUSTRALIA! AN ACCOUNT of ElUIlT \LAU^- MXiliK. WAMIEKING, and AMUSEMENT in gt'I-KXHtAND, NEW ^:orrll ■\vali;.s and vji.j'okia. By the HON. HAROLD FINCH-HATTON. " Fr.im brf;innint; to end tl^' Im k is wiii;. n in tin l.i aity m.-innor of a man who only fOfs in olistftclcs son r^tliin;' to ho ovi-ipomi',' iii.i WHO taki ■• tiio iuIh ot furluiir iii ti.i' manly, < h.MTlul way that not. only insuin [.cTsonal Biieotss, but • to t!.i' w. i;il( iiul advuU'Tinrnt of our Australian folonir''." — Kield. *«. W. H. ALLEN aud Co., 13, Waterloo Place, Pall Ivlall, S.W. MliSSUS. MxVCMILLAN & CO.'S LIST. "An impmtaiit wrios i>f vulumns ou priicticul poliUcn Biiil ligiHiuUiiu."— Duily News. " All iidiiiirablo idea."— British Quarterly Uoviow. "In tliM M'l-iis till' piililic! Imvii tlin iiiiMin (if no'iuirlnn ft ::iiMt (Iral 111' iiiriiLiii:iliiiii wliii'li it wniiM bii ililli- ult 10 IiimI ill Hu cuiivi'iiiuiit II furm duowUoru." — bt. Jumci'H (IllZrttl-. THE E-.NGLISH CITIZEN, A Series of Short Books on his Ririhts and Reaponsibilitiea. El)lTi;lJ IJV UliNKV I UAIK, M.A. (iK..ri), LL.D. (Ulas^mv). CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. By H. D. TitAlLI., 111. I.. THE ELECTORATE ar.cl tho LEGISLA- Ti i:i;. i;.v ^I'I.ncki; wai.Vi>i-K. THE POOR LAW. By tho RLV. T. W. V. nvi.K, M A. THE NATIONAL BUDCll? ; Tho National Pilit; Tiis.-:,u.l Kal.s. I'.v A. .' . Wl I.M )\. TIIL STATE in KELAO'TON to LABOUR. r.\ W.^-TAM.l \ ■II-.\ <0>>, I.I. :>. I, U.S. TITE rsTATE and t ho CHURCif. By tlic Ilcn. AiMiiri! I.I. I. mi', M.r. FOREIGN RBLATIOUS. By SPENCER T.'AI.I'ni.i;. THE STATE in it:i RELATION to TRADE. B\ MliT. II. l'Ai:lii;i;, l!..rt. LOC.YL GOVERNMENT. By M. D. CII.VI.MKll.S M. \. THE STATE in its RELATION to EDUCA- TIO.M. I'.v IIK.NKY I'UAIK, .M.A., 1.1. D. THE LAND LAWS. By PROFESSOR F. l'tlI,j.(!(K. COLONIES and DEPENDENCIES :- l';ut I. IMllA. r.v .(. !S. ((ilTON', M. V I'l.rl II. TImM(i|.()N1i:s. lly i;..l. I'AVsH, MA, JUSTICE and FOLIOE. By F. W. MAIT- I.AM). TJliJ PUNISHMENT .and PREVENTION of CIll.Mlv. ily ri)l,U.\l:;i. Silt ED.MUND l)V C'ANK, K.IMV. u.i:. THE national"' "dEFENOES, By COLOMiLMAUllUIi, K.A. " A i iiiHi-ipmniiblc ns ' nrnlshaw.' " — Tlio Tinier. THE STATE':. JAN'S YEAR BOOK. A Statistical and Hi.>torical Annual of tho Statas of tha Civilizr,! Will 1,1 nili»' ^(■ll■l .S .. ■I'w.iity-lbinl Aiimial I'lilili.-aMnii, i; vi-^fd ilK r Ullii;ial llituni.s. IMitnl \iy .1. SCn'l'T KKI, Tir, I.ilii:ui;iii In tli.' l!My:il (iiiit;ra|iliipal .-;i,ci. i y. ('ruwii Svo., lOi. O.!. ANNALS of OUR TliME. A Diurnal of Events, Social and Political, Homo nnd Foreign, fi"Mi the .^^■(•l •^^i■ 11 in (lii'Tii \ ii-tiiiii to till! I'laci! ol Vui-.-iulli's, i;,-tli luliiuiiy, 1S71. Hy .lO^KrU lli\'l.N(*. fcjxlli iililion, nn-!',i'.I. ^mi., Iiiiif Iioiui.l, ISs. tiuppli'iiiciit, irr.:!i IMiru.iiy. I 71. \-' .M ircli, l.S,"!. 4t, C,.]. Siipplcinmit, frnm JIarcb, ISTI, to July, l.<,■^^. 4s. (M. THE EXPANSION of ENGLAND. By J. E. fiE2LEY, JM.A., Rcjrius Professor of Modern History in tbi! Uuivt^r'-ily III •.'.ltllI'li^it?^^ I'wu (.!o;irsis ul l.fotiiri'S. Crown (s™., 4h. Oil. WORKS BY THE RIGHT JIOIT. HENRY FAWCETT, F.R.S. (late Professor of Polilio.il Economy at Ca!nbricl,f;o). FRE3 TRADE and PROTECTION. An i .MANUAL of POLIVIOAL ECONOMY. Sixth la |;ii\v uit'i ih ■ Oansi^s wiiicli line i c'.ii ili''l I 'ic ;;i'Myr!il nliluni, ni\ i c I, wall .i . I;,i|i!('r on " .M.ii.' Soci tli,'ii !^n i i: .(ipii.ii 111' Ki'PO Tiiiili' sinft) it> liitn.Wiirl i.ui iiiln I t In' N: t!oin!..?aliiui in' tb>' I...111.I," ami an linb \. Ci-i>vvu J.iiijiaml. liiHlilb anil clinHMT cililiou. Ciuwii livo., | 8vo., VJs. Sit. (ill. __^_______ V;ORKS BY EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., Hon. D.C.L., LL.D., EcRins Prorcs;;ov of Ilistiiy in the Uiiironnty of Oxford. THE METHODS of HISTORICAT.. BTtDY. Jvi:;lu l.coliii-.i riii.l in tbi' 1 iiivi' sil> if OMnhl iii Jlii'li..i'liii:i.s TiTni, l.^f^l, wilb tlin Inau^ni-al I.i'cl iiii' on " T'"' ("lire 111' tbu il istorii-ul I'rni'csso.-." Sio.. \i's. i\,\. GRir.ATSR GREECE and GEEATER T'UrrAl.N : (li'orv \V;,sli;ii;,'!i)ii, till' lispanilri- nl' i III.STOUY. .\ CnuMc; iJl' I.iftiin-i f^vo. .ru-il. n-aily Knu'lauil. AVitli an Appfmlix iin Imperial I'ulcialiun. I'li/Wii fivo., ,'!.S. (111. HI'lTORICAL and AROHITECTTJR.A.L SKl;r('lli;s ; cliidly Itullau. Illusli:atnil by tlii' .\iitbor. Clown t' 0.. 10s. lirl. ENGLI.'-JH TOWr/r* andDISTRIOTS. A Corios of Ai!ilrc.>i>.v'S anil K-say.s. tViia lllnNti.;tiiin;i aii'l a .M'lp. Bvo., M.i. THE CHIEF Pi;.RIODS of EUROPEAN SUBJECT and NEIGHBOUR LANDS ol VlvVlri;. Ili'iiif; a ('oiniiaiiinii Voluiiio to ' Uistoiicil an. I .\ri-liilr:Hnial Skulobes."' Wiib llUistration.s. Cmwu 8v,.., Ids. (i,l. BY JOHN RICHARD GREEN, M.A., LL.D. HISTORY of the ENGLISH PEOPLE. In ' THE MAKING of ENGLAND. With Maps, fuMi- voIk. .-^i o. yvo., lil.s. A SHORT HISTORY of the ENGLISH I'Kdri,!';. Wa]\ ^^uU>■.ut:d Mnix, CiniMln-ii-al Tal.lcs nii'l ('hroiiolu;,'ii.'al Annal.s. Crown 8vo., 88. (a1. t'Jlst tbou''.anil. THE CONOUS JT of ENGLAND. With Maps, ami I'oi'tiaits. tivo., lH.s. Now rcaily. in ni"'" voli.. a Nr'w rilitiiiii, pi ii'c ."1^. rac-li volume, M«. JOHN MOR.r,EY'S WRITING'^. Voltairo. 1vol. I Oiili'iot ami tlio Kin-.vi-b)i>a;iU,«t3. 'J vols. I Misc>lianio.'i, ,T vols. Iloua.seau. 'J vols. | On CoinproniLse. 1vol. | " A IMn;;: ziiir for eicry bmisclioM." THE ENGLISH ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE. Now ready. Super royal 870- Ulotii cl.-'ant. " The Time? '•' Kiy.i tlio "Knulisb IlliiJ-iralnl Mii;;:,zino " is "a ninijazin',' wbii-b li:i-i mi lival in i;ii,;l.iiu'..'' MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON, CONTENTS. I. II III IV. V, VI. VII. VIII. IX.. X.- XI.- XII.- XIII.- XIV.- XV.- XVI.- XVII.- KVIII.- XIX.- XX.- XXI.- XXII.- XXIII.- ll»p of the Canadiftn Pacific RBilway. — Kntcring tho St. Ltwronco (Quebec, Aug. 2,") —The Province of Quebec (Montreal, Aug. 20/ -The Ml tropclii of Canada (Moutreul) —The Ottawa Hiver Valley (Ottawa, Aug. 28) ,—T!ie Province of Ontario (North Hay, Ontario, Aug. CO) —Tho Great Lakes and their Xortheru Shores (Chaiileau, Ontario) —The North Shore of Lake Superior (Port Arthur, Outirio, Au,;. ill) —The Province of Manitoba CWianipeg, Manitoba, Sept. 1) — Winuipeg and its Neighbourhood (Winuipog, Mauitooa, Supt. 2) -Opening a New Country (Biuscarth, Manitoba, Sept. 3) -Entering the Great North-'Wcit Territory (Indian Head, North-Wi.H Territory, y. -The Coming Metropolis of the North-West (Uegina, North-We.st Territory, fc^. pt. -Approaching the Rocky Mountains (Fort MacLeod, Albert-i, Sept. 8; The Ranching Region of Alberta (Calgary, Alberta, Sept. 10) •Entering the Rocky Mountains (Banff, Rocky Mountain.'!, Sept. K!) ■Crossing tho Kicking llorse Poss (Donald, Brili.sh Columbia, Siit. 14) -Crossing tho Selkirk Mountain Range (Revclstoke, British Columbia, Sipt. l.'i) . •Approaching the Pacific Slope (Kamloops, British Columbi ■» , Sept. IG) •Des-cending tho Pacific Slope (Vancouver, British Columbia, Sept. 1>J The Island of Vancouver (Victoria, British Columbia, Sept. 20) -The Canadian Pacific Railway (Port Moody, British Columbia, Kept . 21) ... Some Pertinent Reflections (Port Arthur, Ontario, Sept. 25) Homeward Bound (Toronto, Sept. 2M) ' If »•• •' Leading Article from The Timn ... „ Pag* 1 .•) 5 8 10 12 li 17 •2'i pt. f.) ... 2j 7) ... ,.. 2, 2a 31 ."3 ••• -•• 33 ■10 42 45 4S 51 53 S7 -CO ,«V'm:, \± f .. . ^•■'v\ ■ t-^^ — J A '\/. Hi-^'-"n-nt /• i._ VlCTOrtlA, B. G. ^A.-^Y ) t:* VICTOHIA, B. C. mi w *v f mi9 ms m i' l.—FSTT'.TXT Tho Dominion i amoiy Ilcr Mujot sions. Tho rocon Piicifio Railwuy jioBsibiliticH of ^v ■nliich hiiB liofoio rnilwiiy is tlie fo lino, ia built out BliortoBt routo aci The Times ou ,1 uii Pacilio throuf;h ti to Vaiicouvfr, ' thain of connoxit of tho IJmiiiro to< iliihistriiil mill i( Ijif^liinu into dir< I tho I'aciiic liy a 1 lind it cany to ai tlio ix.\vi.'l of th-j (U.niiant in llr's i It has a iiiipciiici. f^tatcs a'.id utiarl; covuriut; tho tno fduavo iniiL'S. II j'Oi inhabit but a wbioh Ih said to f,'.)oJ apTioultiira to bo brou^;l)t int on II Burfaco of 1 on half-a-nullioii Crikins can bo miles of pood lui Tho natural hi Lawrc!iico rivor. paastd through Ki'wfoundhmd i I'rtnoh navi^'uto discovi rod t'un broad yi. Lawrw wliioh liO iiani jironii)tii:(j him < wl'.on ho took country in tho iioxt yi-ar Curti liltlo shiiis at H in n sniall boat i tho i)oi)ulou8 In fan)oua mount i Mont Koal. Tl plorcd, is tho o Wafcor on tho pl< BuiH'rior, Ko] Ontario, and Chi ones, its basin t B(luaro mi' 's, a: tho discovery contain moro th tho oarth. Tho VuO iiiilos long tho yulf, >\hilo A CANADIAN TOUll. I.-KNTKRIXa TTTE ST. LAWREXCR!. OTTRnrO, AtTO. 25. Tho Dominion of Onn.ida ocoiiii lo liio front, vaiilc Bmon^ IKt Mujeuly'B v.idL.sjircinl colonial poascB- Bions. Tho recent conii LUon of tho Canadian I'licilio Uuihvuy has diicotod attention to tho jHis.sibilitioH of orowth in this vast British Enijiiio, which has hofoi-o it a liniitlosH futuro. This t-roat railway is tho fourth American trun.ssontiin! tal lino, in built ontiri'ly on British noil, r.nd i;, tho shortoBt routo acrots tho Continunt. " It if,'' tuiil The Timca on ,luno 30 last, whun tho firNt ('unadian I'acilio throu^'h train w.-is on its wny froniMontrcal to N'niicDUvir, " an iniii''i'cns;i'il,) Ink in tho thain of connoxiona which l,inil8 t!io vai'ioiis j'tirla of tho Lmjiiro to.;othor, and conciiiitriitco both its in histrial lum its niilitriry resources. It brink's ]iii,'4hind into direct and r(i[iid conununicationwitii till.' I'acilio hy a linu which no hostile lV)Wia llcdrcal, whcro he fon!Kl tho populous Indian tewii of IJochchi^nv, with tho famous mountain at its back which ho named Mont Koal. This St. Lawrei'co river, thuu fust ex- plored, is tho outlet of the greatest body of fresh Water on tho globo. It drain.s seven vast lakes — Ruporinr, Kepigon, Michigan, Huron, Krio, Ontario, and Chaiuplain,besideH myriads of smaller onoK, its basin covering a territory of over 400,(!(K) Bquaro mi' >8, and having been computed, before tlio di.scovery of tlio Croat African lakes, to contain more than Juilf of all tho frosh water on tho earth. Tho Pt. Lawrence river proper is fully V^O miles lonij from Lalco Ontario to tho head of thu guif, whilo thu total length of its wholu zeal gystem of rivers and lakc.i is over 2.000 niiler, ami is calculnt. d i;.s containing 12. 'd') cubic iiiiles o( water. Thei.e aro n:)li3 wide, covers a siirfaeo of 80,uthern bank and Poiufu dcj Miuits oji: (i.site. Iroiu tluro up almoit to C'ueliec the river h from 10 to [V> miles v.ido. He- foro Cape Diaii.i nd at l,)ueiico it n;.now8 to Icaa than a milo in v. iiiih, while above it is from ono to lwo-1'.nd-a-halt Uiihs wide to .Mon'.r.-.".!, exiiand- iui; at one j oint lietwerii tho two cities into Lnko Ki. Peter, v.hero it widens to 10 i.-''n« and tl.o tidal current co.'iFes to havo influenco. Abovo Montreal the riveriB_:enerally abroad and atrnngly liowiug stre.im, with rapid.s. Tho fhip eantd.! around these rapids r.iui the Fidln of Ninui.ra, and connecting thu various laki.s, are d'overi iiu nt works that hr.vo cost many n'.illion.s of dolh'.r:'. I'.itween tho head of tlio St. Liiwrinco river propir, at Lake Ontario, and tie fea level, there is a descent of LlJI feet. Liirgo veiiisela ascend to Mont- real, whcro they encounter tlic l.aehino Jvajiida. Tho canal Nysteni, however, cnaMes idl the IaI:o tonnage to frcelv pass betv.-oen S":ota inio tho south- woiittrn extnuinty of lake Supirior at Dulutli. Tiio earlii'st Betilenur.ts on tho St. Lawrcnca were largely duo to religious zeal. Tho 1 rench, who had pondered upon Carlier's di^c 'Very for nearly fhrte-(iiu.rters of a century, hit upon tha plan of combining religion and coiniucai. in a siries ot expeditions sent out in tho early p.art of tha 17th century, under thii auBj ices of various patron saints and sinners, whojo namca are prcerved tluoughont tho Province of tjuebec in tho nonun- claturo of counties, capes, bays, nuiuntair.s, rivers, towns, and streeis. Hut it wiui chiel!y duo to Samuel do Champhiin that a linn fool- hold was obtained. This famous colonist and explorer was noted for his n liijic.us firvour anil his pcrsouul bruvery, IVriloud jeurueyi', prajers,, FccificN. W. Hi-'^^n-pt 20104 PFNOViNCIAL LiLil-^A.A'Y VIGTOHIA, B. G. 2 A Canadian Tour. pnd figliting wuvo liis occupation in tlio Kcw ^Vorl(t. ilo lirinly i)lanttd tlio I'reiich raco on Anitiican r.oil, ana tvcvy Giillic! cliaractiriBtio liu f^avo (ho Kiiifjcloni of Now Franco rcniaina to this ilaj- ill tlio Anplo-lrmcli I'lovinco of Quebec. His uavini,' is r.rcscivcd in many Canadian clironicIoB, tliat '' tlio Bulvation of oiio eoul is of inorj iinportanco tlian the foundinj^ of a now I'nipire." Ilia system of fcttlcnicnt was to first taivo jiosscssioii for tho Cliurcl> ar.d tho Frcncli King, and tlicn erect a cress and a cliajcl, around which tho colony {.'row. Ifiiriug tlio '20 ct ;U) years BiU'coodinr; Chaniplain's first voyapo in 1008, Ho- collet and Jcs\ut niissionarj- piicbts camo over, who traversed thecountlTand made many converts, BO tl'.at thus were eKtuBJishod colonies and Bettle- nients, half-ruiiijious and half-military, which formed alliances with tho ncif^hbourins Indians nnd ultimately wai'ed almost perjietual wars with their Knplish and Indian foes to tho southward. Champlaln foiuided Quebec at tl.o Karrows cf tho tit. Lawrence in ICOS, and in hia subtequent vova^L's discovered Lakes Chaixiplain, Onturio,aud Isi] issing. Ifavinj,' written thus much by way of nocopsary Introduction, wo will ftJlow tho routo of our famous French explorers and orif^inal settlers, ("artier and C'haniplain, as well as that of tho modern navigator and enter Canada b}- tho Pt. Lawrence. Tho vc yapo is now i erformed on a tt(ii alnu tt wi(lioi:t Fettli u\i nts. To tlio Eouthward is tlio bioad (iasjo peninsula, between tl.o St. 1 awrence and Chali ur bay (fumiais (or international ii:-htry f,i|Uid bli B)..\ntiei .>;ti isan uncultivated i.-landab.iut 1 '1.0 miles K n;,' and oO miles broad in the eenlie, jiarrowin;,' towartis 1 otl. ends, and dividii:;,' tho Bt. Lawn nee j,'ulf into two cluinnels. Its ea.';t poir.l in in4'.K'.et;. latitr.do an stern coast. Anticosti is made n biiso of operations by iishcrmen in tho smiimer, though it is said that few remaui there voluntarily Jurinj; tho \on^ and ici>-lHJmi)eraturo at Montreal bIiowb it to bo on tho same isothermal lino aa that of Orleans in Franco. Yet tho winter air is so dry and tl.o tunnmer in so ttnipere first Fri'in-h- mou who ventured up there gavo tho uny this name to express thoir delight at having at hist got out of tho gloomy region they had traversed for so long a distance. From Ila Ila Day the river fiircos its passage with a broad channel through almost ptrpendicular cliffs of granite mid syonito to tho St. Lawrence. Tho great depth of tho Saguenay is noteworthy, showing how tho chasm has boon split open, it being in Bomo plaooB a milo to a milo and a-)inlf deep, whilo the niid-chunnel has an averngo depth throughout of 8(X) to 000 feet. The river is in raoflt places a milo wide. CliicoutinI, or tho " deep water," was its appropriate Indian title, and is etill proeorvod in tho name of tho sleepy little villngo at the head of navigation, where voHsols are halted at tho foot of tho rapids. Tho Biiguenny pursues its sombre, savage courso through tho stern cliffs of dark gray gnei.ss that rino from the black ^ waters, with pint-s fringing thoir Hiimmit.i and clinging to their crevices. Tlio nubliniity of this cohl and uninviting region culniinatefl at Eternity Bay, a narroiv cnve, where on either hand, to guard the entrance, rise in stately grandeur to an ch:vation of 1,GIHJ feet C.ipc Trinitv, with its thrco peaks, and Point I'JUrnity. The upper rapiiis of this ctrango river rival tlio.so at luagara. It was at Tadousac, near ita mouth, that tlio iirst t'hri.rtiancliureh was built in Korth America, said to bo tho lirst ttono and mortar liuil'iing erected by Kuropeaiis on this continent. Tai.loiisao is a wild and roinantiu place, which also contains a relic of tho earliest liritisli commercial power in Cauai!a,tho quaint andanciont buildings of tho Hudson Hay Comiiany. As tho journey proceeds up tho river, both ehorcB of the St. Lawrcnco are bold and beautiful, witlniumerouB attractive summer rcortSjUowin the lieight of activity. Itivifero du fjoup and ^Murray Jfay,a few milcn above, have a lovely outloi'k. Tho Halt w.'iter of the river Hows clear and deep, and whales are sometimes seen di.sporting with tho seal and porpoiso. Frequent streams eomo down Ihrou'di picturesque gorges and over rooky mpids to fall in upon either baiik. Tho Laurentian hills ekirting the northern shoro present bold pro- montories and rise to thoir greatest height, about U.nOO feet, in Mount Eboulemens. The adjacent clilirt of Capo Tourmont jut out as a landmark a ehort distance below Quebec, and above here the Lauror.tian range recedes from the river. On tho samo side tho St. Anne river flows in through n deep and rugged ravine, in the courso of which it plunges over a succession of cascade8,'ono being liiO feet high. Thirty miles below Quebec is tho quarantine station at Grosso Inland, tho adjoining snores and islets being the resort of the sports- men. Tlio Cl.audi^re or Boiling Fall is another attractive cascade on the southern bank, while nearer Quebec are tho famous falls of tho Montmoronci. The Islo of Orleans guards the river passage below the city, which stands in a beautiful position at tho Narrows of tho St. Lawrence, its elevated citadel frowning upon the rivers which converge just below the lower town. Here, at the impregnably defended portals of tho Porninion, tho stranger sots foot upon tho soil of 0>\nada, in a city that is unsurpassed for magnifi- cent natural advantases. II.— THE rROVINCF OF Ot'Kn"('. MONTRKAL, Aro. 26. The ancient ororinca of Lower Canada is a thiroughlyFreni'li rc'rii'iLandtliroii^hnut tho many changes marking its chequered history has main- tained tho roiigioufl character of its original set- tlement. Tho geographical names are mostly those of saints and fathers of tho Church — missionarios and pioneers who founded nn minontly developed. Yet this vast rei'ion, stretch- ing for many niilea from the broad valloyof the St. L'.wrenco northward to the height ( f land that rialrei tho watershed between its allluints and tlioso flowing into IIudRon l!av, is but Bjjarsidy fettled. Thj coast on tho nortli sido of tho St. Lawrenco has only scattered lishin^' settlei.Tents below tho Sar^'uenay river, whilo uljovo that re- rnarkablo chf.sm tho inhab.ted re:^ion extends but a rhort distance into tie back countrv. Tho wildern"s.i of this Laurentian mountains is behind. The pnivinco lia'', it is true, in Jloutrcal and Queb'n; the two larc^eKt cities of tho Ihiminion : but tho inas:i of the pe^p'o nro gathered around them and alongthoSt. Lawrence andOttawa rivers, leaving e.Ktonsivo tracts of territory clsewhoro almost untenanted. Tho r.mall minority of thu English-speaking people mostly live in tho two cities and in the towns on tho Ottawa river above ^lontreal. As tho famous sold ior, navigator, and roligious enthusiast, Cliamplain, mado the earliest Bottlo- ment at Quebec, tlio characteristics ho gave tha colony havo remaino.l its distinguishing marks to this day. Tl.at attractive citv is a fortress, trading post, and church combinocl. No liner location could havo been solocted for a town and port, and no more impregnable place found to guard tlio ."^'t. L;\wrenco ontranco. Th.o great father of Canada certainly had an oyo to practical bi:Binoss as well a.i for the beautiful when he chose tho spot at tho junction of tho St. Charles with the St. Lawroiice fi>r his combined chapel, stockade, and tradini; Bt.ition. An olovated tonguo of land otretches alongthenorth-westernb.Tiiknf the St. Lawrence for several miles, arid fri.m behind it comes out the St. Charles river. Bolow thoir junction tho Isia of Orleans blocks tlio way and divides the St. Lawrence into two chnnnel.i. whilo above (he broad rivor contracts to losis than a mile in width, end all along is guarded by bold shores. At tha northern extremity of this tongue of lond and oppo- site the narrows in the rivor there rises the lofty clilT of Cane Diamond, some 3C.0 feet above tho water, and hero tho citadel crowns tho hill and overlooks the town nestling at its feet. Tha extensive fortifioations spread all around tho cliff and its approaches completely g\. rd the rivers and the means of access by lar.d, and here for many years a Britiah garrison hold the gate to Canada, though now the citadel is tbo property of A— ii A Canadian Tour. the T>firniiuii;i, niiil ho inaoc^fiil liavo all tho 8ur- rouiuliiii,'H liic'iPMio that it is cliiofly n show j.laco ivr 1 riiiui'iuiiU\-;i ami .■lirrhtstora. An nuiy bo im,-i- cinoil, this tiranit fortron8 and itB oiitlyinj,' wnrlca urn nm-.'iulioeiit to look at fmiu tlio riv.T, wliilo th'j outioolk from tho ranipartu ami t(:n-aci>3 tiint oiicircio tho clilV is cno of tho (jraiulust eiglila ovur touu and rivtir, hills, woods, and watuiu in tho world. TIio groat rolisious corporations occupy much of Qiiib')() with ll.oir builcliu';!! and r.romidn, and tho cxtim.'^ivo waihi and lortiiications alj'O tako up a (;uod doal of rpato, no tliat t'lo rcniainin:^' room left tor tho cii,y itLclf c.jcnia rallior eonlivu:;i'd. Yet (juiiint and n^irniw stri>ots inLLTarct tlio in-e:;uiar tiU'f,iC",l)oi dor.d 113^ many ni(di:i;val hoii.'io.i, anion;; thoin l)"iii{; frc nnnii; Kolid ridno buiMia!,':i uni-- monntfd by j.'liettmin.; roofy of B'.iinir.;; tin, ro- rplundiTit in t'lO ck'.ir atmowphc ro. Tho Lawor Town chi'itolM abinit tho Ywa: strucluro on tho river eidu. Tbu.i in '-."v.vy ^^,v.y iy tho memory of tho (,'reat foiindrr of Canada oomrior.ioratcd, and in fact ho i» regarded by tho pco; lo who hi.vo fiprnri;,' from the lii.tlo colony ho p.lanti-'d and its orLboota an more truly a S'lin;. tliju many of those who.-io n:iiiics r.r.i so lib'jril'y sprinkU:-.! ov.:t tho provinc ■. Amon.'^ Qucbi'o'ii lin'.-t buildiiim aro tliojo of tha city'a grOit. coil'Ju;e,tho Laval University, a modern otruc- luro, r.<;t far iron, tho rasiliea. 'Tiio ancient city, 'lov.-tvor, ueoms ab.itist at a ptnndu'.ill, ard thou;.;h it (nj;'y« 11 f,o -d trade in timber nnd ol'i. r pro'lu'.;tn, yot tho impreven;vn!.i; in navigation im '.'';od.H and tho nuporior allracli'-r.s of Moiitrer.l in u copimorei^l contro and rail'.viiy termimia cauM )nc:it of ti;0 largo tteaiiicrj and cargo Bliipa to go by Ouoljin and sock a haven further uji tho river. Thua Naturo, bo prodigal of her giftii of ficonory and magnb:cc!ico of landBcapo, has bco!i stintiijg in her ullowanco to Quebec of eomo other Bdvanh;vxe3 in traliie and profit which, porlmps, tho town.^folk nii;;ht prefer. Thero is, however, an ttwakoning nt C'-ubco to a roali;urig sonso of tho .icco;i.«ity of doing something to counteract tills. Tlio Oovcrnir.enl is carrying out a jilan of harbour imorovomcut, whilo quite u Bjmr has boon tfivo- ■ io winch littlo Tho a the inannfacturln:' industi ii"'. of tlie eity. IJaiUvav connexions witJi the Upper Kt. Lawrence and with tho iji'iti.-h maritinio )iroviiices and tho Now England States liavo their udvantagi^s wliich nro conslantly oxjianding an new extensions aru brou;;ht into u.io. It will bo inferred from wliat is iiero written that tho city is a Mecca for tourists from all parts of tho world, and conaociuentlv most arriving stoamahip jiassongers land at (Oueboc. As may bo imagined of siieh a j)icturef:quo region, tho Buburbs of t!io city nro a glorious panorama of ii.itural beauti('3. fii'Oiic.a' Wood, tho Iiomio of tho (iovernor of tho pi-oviuci', is readied by a lino drive, and arother along Iho roniantio be.nka of St. Charles river laki s the visitor to tho old-linio Huron Indian viilign of Loretto. Tl-.o t-'-t. Lawrencn river fcrrioa ako givo cliai'ining viov/o, and notlniig c;ni bn moro bciuilifid th.-m tlio drive around tho I;do of 0:de.in:i be)'^"' the city. Ibit Ibn crowning cban.i of tlio ir.'!;."ibourh(iud of Queliee is tho route aloii!' tl'.o .-t Lawi-cnce down to the rn '.gniricent Falhi ot Montmorenci, wiieio u foa'inng lorreiit .';omo oOft. wido iiluMj'.Cf! down a c;itaract iiroft. bi;,di. From Qiu^liec up to Monlre^il there uro two rail- way routes, tb.o (iiand Trunk and tho Canadian I'lVeifis each having a linn. Tlio former I'O.-ne'a from I'oint Lovi, or-posito Quebec, threir;h tho count ?'y to tho soutlnvard of tlio .Vt. Lawreiiea and en'.er.'! Montreal ov Ttlie woU known Victuria tuiiubir bridgo that is tho main route of travel b,> two(in tho United yiatorj and Lower Canada. Tiio Can.'idi.m I'aeilio lino is tho " >.'ort}i Siioro U.".il- way," an oM road leai'ed by the new corporation and connecting ilio two cities on that tido of tho river. Tho iSt. Lawrence it;tlf Hows nhont IK! miles fu,i:i Momrcal to Quebec, a bread i.iri.;iii] i!:rou;.;li tiio wii'o alhiviid valley, the mountain cli!Vs v.diieh gutud tho river bauli" at Quebec i^r.d givo such Ijojiiiiotii to Ibo .':c..'nery tbci-o receding above and thus broadening tho plain. As tlie c-teamer a'lvanois tho sliorea bicome Icos boKi and tlio ailjacent country flattens. 'J ho Itiehelii u liapids aro carofuby parsed ; the Eirci.m oomirg in from lliu north-west below tluan being named tri.ni tb.o (init oxplorer of tho great river — ti;« Jacquo.'i Cataract. Above this and uLo on tho northern bank ia tho biiiy town of Tl'.reo liivers about midway between tiio two cities. Thu river St. Jlaurico. which is d ividcd at its mouth by two littlo ii-lunds, comes in liore, and tho thruo channels givo iho town its name. This river drain:-, a bugo area which is an imj^ortant timber- producing region. Its course is n .'iikid by rapids and wali.Tialls, tho chief lieini,' tlio Shav.-anegan Fall, about twonl.y miles inland, famous for eavago gramieur .and tlio rcmnrl;ablo cbar^cltr of tl.o cataract. The rivi,r, c-ed.ienly bmilin;; and dividou by a I'ilu of rocks into tv.o chanu(d.s, falls nearly i,"iO feot, and 'bi'slios violently ai,aini.t an opj.ociiig wall of rock, whore tlio uniteil stream forces its way through a c'hanncl seemingly EC.arceiy 1(10 f ",;t wido. Threo Hivers is a great timber ex- portiig ].ort and formerly was an important trading )'Ost, but the la* r growth of iMontreal ban overslumewed it. The .St. Ulaurico region pro- duces bog iron oro in largo qimntitios. The St Lawrence river abovo this town is broad und monotonous, and ultimately widens o)it into Lakt St. Peter, whoro tho water spreads to nino niile^ width and becomes very shallow, excepting in tha ship channel, which has to be kept dredged or'-. Tho shorcB aro low, and littlo is to bo Been but tho Bbijiping and an occasional timber raft covering; acres of surfuco and floating lazily with tho current. Several tributaries fall in, including the The Pi'oviucc of Ouebcc. fi St. FiHiifii-! rivor on tlio Hdiillicrn l)nnk, u valiiiibKi mill Btreain, and tlio JlHakinongo ou thu norUicrn tiilo. Abuvo the lake, after pRSTiii;,' clustcis ut i;;lanilH, we oome to tlid chief atlir.oiiC of llio Bt. Jjiiwrenco in this jiart «f its courso, tlio liiclclieu rivor, wliii-li drains Lnl;u:i Cliamplain finil Ci' .r;'o and all tlm rr/ion Boutlivvftid to the Hud; on Uivi r Valloy, ita navii.'r.tii'n bi'inrr imj n vi>d ]y tit; (M'snibly C;Tal,ir.:'.kiii{,' t!:o connexion between tl.o t'lL, Lriv.reni'o and tbo t'udfnn rivers. It was here, at tlio moiilli of the Ilielielieu, that C'.plain i^oTiA built thn old fort Ut. Louis rb a clicik to Jroijuois in(;iir;-iona nioro tliin 200 years afjo, and Ids nario i:i prc3C rvtil in the toun that baa patheixd aroi.nd the ]jlace, wluro beat-buildinj; and considerable trade aro earried on. Frequent villaijea aro parsed above Sorol th;it aro praeiically oidlvin;:^ K;\diiirbs of Jlontreal. A^",o:i;^ u iiinzo of wooilrd iplanda the lower ] art of tl j turbid w;der3 of the Ottawa ihw in, r.nd Lolcw tlio lino can bo distinctly bcrii Hint niark.-i tho c.luo of th'J clearer current ceniinj; down tl.o Ut. LawrcTico. Tho river titrei'.ni— for this i.s btyorid tho limit to which tho tidal current re.ichis — ■ has worn tho frteep banli.s on ono lude, wh.ilo oa the oth.cr the oddicu and iinol.s of v.-ater havj de- posited Ion;; Rhoah) and juttin;; I'ointa of alluvial matter broU{;htdown from nhovo.l'ari:
  • n them aio Ion;; strelcl.is of firahln hind:i alnio.^t unbrrkeu bj' ireca, eave v. hero tlu) Lonibardy pojilai' r.tanda wp sllliiy ueaiir-f the lioriK"Ti. Luoi^ueuil I'-ay opens out, di-.ch'sim; its preity villa;/o and loity church. The Bt'juu'.cr labours against the Ftroi:;: St. JTary rurunt us it conu!.s v.\i to tho jrre.At city. Paftin;; bet^.■oe!l tho pretty wooded moiind.s of Bt. Helen's Island — named after Heltn I'oullJ, (ho wife of Chamolain — and tho to\rn, tlio landing; is Eonjrht ju.'t al)ovo. Jtouttckl lines tho v,e.-.i.ern bank of Iho broad river, ita miloa of water front EUpi rbly faced with Ion," v.-;dh;d quays of rolid nuis-onvy and nia.rkcd by jutting i>iers,enolo£ing b:i.sin3 for the proiecciou of the shippinfj. On oitlier baud, at tho extremi- ties of tho loni; rai;k of vessels, up and down tho Ktroani, lonnis up a hu^c ;:rain elovr.tor. The loiifj lino of tho {»roat V letore. 'J iiLidai Tt.dhvay Jirid,'.;e, wliich brin;;a the Grand Tnnik Kailway u.^rou." tl.o St. Lawrence, stands upon its row of liir.e.tc;;? jiiors, and guards tho hori/.on up tho river to tho touthward. L>hind tho bread wharves ri'^o rank uftor rai.'.. of e -i hou.ioa and stately buildir-s, und in and boyrn.d thepo are myriad.') of domes, epires, and steeides, with tho loftj- twins, th.o towers of old Notre Damo, prominent in front. Tho 1,'rand backj,Tound to this noble view is cade by the mountain that gives Montreal its nnuio. Tho at. Lawrence river above tho city flows 172 miloa north-eastward from Lake (ititario. It is ono of tho favourite tourist routes to take a steam- boat from tho foot of the lake at Kinj^ston and come down to Montreal, shootinf; tho rapids. Jiist above Jlontreal aro tho Lachine Rapids, short, turbulent, and dangerous. The rivor then broaaons ^nto a sorios of lakes, above which are tho Long Sault Rapids. It is the paasage thron;,'h thoao, tho steamer generally gnidod by an Indian pilot, that gives tho river journey its zest for tho tourist. Above this tho St. Ijawronco becomes the boundary between tho United States and Canada, and lias several flonrishinc towns on its banks, including Ogdonsburg juNow York, and Prcscott I! 'id llroek-ville in CV.tiada. At t!i > mouth of Lako Ont'vrio is tho fanious arcliip^l!r;,'o known as the " La!:q c f tiio 'J'Ik usand [."hinds," which is a ru. markablc formation made by fraj^'monis of tho raii';o of Laurontian mounta'ns which l;cro conies 8oi:tluv:uil to tho rivi r, and makes a niott extra- or^li:.ary re;;ion. From Kiufiton, at tho foot of L;.ko Ontario, tho river thro, ids its tortuous ]ias- 8,'-u anion;; tho islands to Ogdensburt,', some 40 niiU^s below. Tliero are said to bo actually 1,6'J3 of the-o ishindti,of all ima!;iuab!o sluipcs, sizes, and •1)11 enrance, Bon\o s'.'veral miloa lon^;, oihers only p. few yar'is, and others nf;ain b.irely viaiblo.' 'j'iiey viivy from (;:;unt ma.sf-c^ of reek to poryooue,' ((>)i;i;,c-covari;d gardens. Chi:;tor after ciiiaJcr of circular littlo i.slanda aro pasted, covered with f,'i'ec,n troos, ond tho channel marked by littlo wl.i'.L'Wiudicd wooden li;;hthon5e3. Tlio chief Bumiuor resort of tho archipelago is Alexandria Il.'.y, fi clnrmin,<; vi!l".(;o ff hotels rnd boardini; h(.u;;e3 en tho Is'ow Yirk shore, where cle,'.'ant. villas doc Bonio of tho adjacent iakts. licaLini;, i!.sh'.!i!T, and shootin;; aro tho popular amusements. Tho .~-)t. Lawn ueo river, in fact, almost throu;;hout its cour.'io, is a stream with a perjietual succession of i::!ands, tho cliaiinul fr<;m Kinp.ston down to AnticoHti bcint; tluia constantly v;.ricAl. But al? jMonlreal its (rreat foroi;;n tvado en<].i, exocptin;; f'lr hiko ve.scels that can yo throu;;li tho canals nriiiuid tlio rajiids. it is at tho Can::dian metru- jiolis that tho trnrisfer of trade chieliy takej placo iHtwueii Etennitr and railway, tho ( cean pa:-s!ifro beiu'; ended, and tho fro;;;htin'- beiie; af^er- v,','ir^'a di'uo over tho two gnat Canadian linos, tho tirand Trutik and the Canadian i'aciuo. III.— THE METUOrOLlS OF n\XAn\. IlON'nUJAL. Tho olanfjour of many bolls in tho early i^orn- lnj» tolls tho vitdtor to llcnircal th.at ho is in a city oi chiuohes. This is probably its laost proniinonb characteristic, Tlicro aro churches ovorywhoro, repre.sontin;; all donoiuiiiaticna, m.iny of tl'.om most elaborate and co.stly structures that Would b;j an ornament nnywlero. Tho American humourist 5IarkTv.-ain,whcn Iso once ventured into Ju.ntroiland was miataken for a bank cashier from tho Slates on u h\:rriod summor trip, parried tho BM,';:;e:;tion by sayins; ho never was in a city buforo where ono could net throw a brioldiat withoufi bvcakin.'; a church window. Tho religious loal of this con.munity of earnest n,on of all kinds of ecclasiastical opinion finds »! reial vent in an ehiborato doveloj-rment of church buiMiof;. Yot this trait is a natural inheritance. Tlio oric^iral found-.tion of Monti ..al was probably tho most; completely religious enterprise of tho many the French undertouk in Canada in the 17th century. Tho trianttular griiy building which ia the Custom- house marka the sjiot whore La Villo Mario da Mont Heal was founded in 1C'12, by Paul do ChonvMlay, Sicur do MaiKonnouve. A littlo orook flowed into tho St. Lawrence at that plnco in thoso days, and it made a good landing placo away from the swift current of tho rivor. We are told tho stoi-y of tho originol eottlement on May 18, 1043, by tho veracious chronicler Parkman. who lm,i delvod deeply into Canadian arcnivos. " iVIaisonnouve sprang ashore," says he, " and (ell on his knees. His followers imitated his example ( and all joined their voices in cnthusi- aatio songs of thanksj^ivijig. Tents, baggage, arms, and stores were lauded. An altar was raised on a ploasant spot near at hand : and Jlademoitello Manao with Madame de la Foltrie, aided by her , A Canadian Tour. scrvrMil. Cliiiv'.o*'" I'ani^, ili'coriitcd it witli a tiisto V\Iiioh V"i!i tlio uiniinitiiiii of tJio 1ii'!:i)1(1oi-r. Nhv/ fell tlif c(ii:i]i!'.!iy gatlanil licforo tho nhrino. lluro Itood VuiiDtit in tho rich vratniunts of his Dl'ii'o. IfiTo wore tl^o two liulirs with their jcTViint ; JIoii'i:i:i).'ny, no vory williiifr spcct.itdr j uinl .M(iinoiirii'uv(\ ii wailii^n flj;m'C". erect (iiid full, hi:i men cl'isteriiii^ uruund liim. They hnreled in roveront fili'iice us the Host Wfif) niined aloft ; and when tlio rite was over tlio priest turned und addressed th.em — ' Yon aro a grain of nuiMard B.^''!, tl!.:t iihnll rine (ind ;;ro',v (ill its liraiiohes uvi-rshiulow the earth. Von are few. Ii'.l your work v.- tlie wor): of Clod. I''S siniio is on yon :vnd your eliildren nhall fill tho liinil.' " I'lnis was pl.in'.rd the"frrnin of nlll^5tard seed, "and the town was hrpnn in ii s.pirit of r 'ii^'ioiis i ntiirsiastn, tlio Fre!:chr.P.vi!);;iilti (l^iv.tthei yj.(v'ition;'oli^!y tofmind in Aiiicric'i a veritahlo " ]\iiif;i!oni of liod," as understood l>y devout ]{omi-.n Catholics. Tliero id no end of tales of " revel, itior:s " and " vo'ces " and "pruvidtntiftl (pcourrci;ei,ii " hy whiel'. M'e ze.il of the early cclor.ist was etinndated. The seed thus I'lnntOii has friiwii so wcil th.at th.i reli;;)oua cortiorationfi now own n lartre I'lirt of all that is worth o\nn;!;,' in MfMi1re!il : .iitI.oii{;h it m proper to B.ay that a handful of Scots who re.niO alt^r theni to this iit tractive lan.d have manaited to iveennnil.".t'^ a ,";''i'd deal also. Tlio " Miu.itaru peed" of ihe entluisi.inlie Vimont has cx))andi'd ill a littlo o'. 'T tno i c;itnrie.;ri.uiid to t!;e riv i v. ". nnil a I'oint of onth" k v.hieh disoiays their beauiies to the utmost. '1 ho city IjriH wide strceti<, ({eiKr.'diy liiuil with trees, nnd this (idds Ic its attractivenci^s. The comuKrcial imi orti'iico of Jlontroal is of tho tirst rank in Canada. It stands ai, the head of Iiavi^'alion on the St. La.vreiiee, and traiisshijis cari;oc s from the inti.'rior of th.o country to tho Boa -;;oini; vessels, litin;; a terminal fur tho trado 01 li.t ;;'ieat North-West of tho United Ktati s as well as for Canada. The leaders ni 't:i business enter). ri-sus are the fScotth, vim, all.houuh not numerous, embrace a lar/^o portion of the pro- laiiieiit intrehaiits niul bankers and railway people. It is a terminal for butli tho wroat railways of Canada, and it:) water front is most eon- veniently arranj^ed for tho cheap and rapid trans- Bhipnieiit of cfn^oes. Tho stono-l;ordered miays lino the river, and aro a monument to Lord t^ydcnhani's vii/ornus fidinini'tration. Behind tr.e qiu-iys a .':olid revetemi'ut, wall runs alon.'^ tho Vi'holo rivor frcut auvportinij tho river street at ten fi-.'t ibvation above t!ui niiays. Thus tho operation of tho comnieree of tlio ppor end of tho town, whero tho Lachino ship canal comes to tho rivor in a broad basin ; and tho Canadian rneifie Itaihvay has it:' oor.nexiims at the lower end. Here at i;e;a'Iy a thonn-md n'ile.s distanco from tho ocean is a busy comincreo bein^ carried on, and s.iiil to bo conducted on a ehoaper ba^is for terminal clinr(.;es than at any of the rival Atlantic FCiiports. In and out, the foreij:n com- nierco v.ill i'robably re.aoh a bundrtil ndllions of dollars anr.u;dU', and is e::tendinj; so much (^at the present wliarfe.|^e will scarcely lon;?er fli'o -..imodate it. to tliat additional extensivo v.. , !. i;.voadin{; lower down the rivor arc contem- ydii'eil, Tl.o Canadian I'acifiu Itaihvay is building a lino now l.ri 'ot neross tho >St. Lawrence above tho city to connt ei. its lines nnd ennble it to secure an on' let for (rid'.le ii (ho marilime provinces and ^ie■..■ Enj^hind. wl.'i''h will add to the common.dal facilities. Thir l'rid;;c, however, will be a much shorter s(i re" ure t:':.!, (ho preat Vi'-toria tubidar 1 rid<'e, wliieii i.? one of iho lions of Montreal, and wus formally ojieiied by tho I'rinco of Wales in ],s(i'1. lA'si;.'nid 1 v Ib'bert Ste) benson nnd buiU by .^imes Hod;.'! ■ for IVto, l^va^'t'ey, nnd Letts, who wcro tho <-oniract( IS, thi.s brici;,'e, which eosb over .-'ix millions i.f dollars, ia tlie r''ii(e between L^^wer (."anada and the States. It is '.l.lStft. in liiif^th andrtnnds r.jirn I'b piers and abuinients,tho centre beiiii; about flilft. above tlio .stniuner level of tho river, vhieh (lows pnst Jbmtreal with a cur- rent of seven miles e.ii hour. Tho piers have ela- bore.to iee-fenders on tho u))-s(reani side, tho pres- .suro of ico when epriii;; fre^hc(s aro ruuniii;' l.eini: enormous. Over live years in buildinjr, ami containint; Ihreo millions of cubic fvot of masonry nnd over 8.0(1() tons of iron, this threat brirobably tl'o most fanio\is, an orJor wliioh caros for tlio liuiplo.ss anil incajiacitatcd, ly.iatics, and children, anil lias 1(10 siattrs scattered anion;; Bonio 40 establiGlimcnta throughout <.;;iiuida. Tho Hotel Diou, wliero SlutU.'- moisollo .Manoo took up lier abode, wan fuunihMl Hhortly after tlio lir.-t settlement, and ia another lar^co establiBliinent that cares for the sick, thero beiiij,' no'.v about 80 in tho sisterhood. Tho Cmi- vmit cf tlio (iood Shepherd and tl.'O Sistcra of I'rovideneo for tho ayed and inlirm are other jtu- niinent charities. P?n^li.'?hincn who have visited Kirmin;4l'.an) for tho meotiiu; of tho British Assuciation will recall ]\Ioiilreal as tiio very pli';isaiit and suc- cer.sful mooting place of tho Association two years nt^o, when it eanio to M'C.iill University. This is the leadin;:; eolle;,'0 of Canada, und is an elabor'Uo f0() pupils. Their nioht e'aborato establishment is about three miles out of town at ViUo ]\Iario. Tliey h.avo no less than COO sisitrs and noviees ar.d nearly '.'0 utiO pupil i iir'l-.a' their earo in Canada and tlio Sti.tca. Tl:o h; cvl- (piartors in America of tiio celebrated teaelun',' Older of tho Christian Brothers aro al.so in jMontreal. Tt:o Coinent of tho Saerod Ile-nt i.inl lioclielega Convent aro proniinoiit institutions, Tho cilueational government of public schoiils ia harmoiiiouidy eoiidueted in i,>iiobec province by two Boards, ono Protost.int and tho oihcr Catholic, for each class of school;!, and nerving under tlo Provincial Superintendent of Educjition, tiaali has an oiiice in Montrtal. This ile.;eriptioii could be carried on indefinitely, but I will mention only a few more of the atliMc- tions of Montreal. Tho Ohamp do Mar.s, formerly tho parade ground, has fronting u). on it two no'ilo pulilic buildings, Tho hand.sonio Couit-houso is ;'()()f ":, loi!;-,and tho adjoining llotel de ViUo is 4SJft, long. Tlai Phseo d'Armcfi, w'.iieli has the old church ( up to tho tl p of tho rapids, and, cyvi rlooi-iie; the I, oad e'.ipan.«-o of waters. felt sure that there ■\t last waii fuurd the ro:id to Cliina. Hence l..achiiio the village, thus mot t rejuitably named, has re- mame.l to this d.iy. Hero begins the broad can,.! .around tho rupids, which dobouchcs near the city at Point St. Charles, wlioro thu luaml 8 A Canadian Tour. Tniuk Itnilwfiy Las extensive eliupa and U mile.'5,andem]itie.sit3elf intotho Si.Lawivinco at Montreal, the main str.jara pas^iinf; into Lake St. Louis above llio Lachino lapids. It is a romantic river, f.lled with falls and rapids, and has an irregular width, being almost lost in Bomo jiortions in tho lakes into which it broadens, while in other plaeos the width con- traeti! to 10 or TO yards anHieboo and others into tho maritinio provinces, tho oa.stcrn terminal of this gr-i't railway is at jiresont at Montreal Hero are locate 1 its extcnpieo shops for loeomotivo and ear building an.d repairing that make so largo a diuplay on tho Ht. Liiwreneo western bank b^low the'oily. Hero is its grain elevator of ();)O,()l10 bu-i^heh oajiacity, Tfhieh tho export trade over its lines has aliMady onlgrown, so that a duplicate in ffizo and capacity is now building, and a third elevator of similar proportions is cunteniplated for ni-xt vu.ir. Tho a^liuirabKi terminal facilitien nro BO arriiiigod that tho steamer or siii)) can tako in grain am! ni'Vo other cargo nt tho i'amo time, and tho elevator char;res are reduced to but ona cent a bushel. At Montreal al.'?o an elaborate j.-aMsenger station and general o!licos for tho com- pany ara in conteinplatinn ; whilo at Lachino iibovo tho city, Uio railway is constructing a Beciml great briilgo ncroM tho St. LawTence, Tliia bridge, which is to connect tho Canadian I'acitie lines on both sides of tho river, i.s about) .'''..' 'iOit. long, a Bingiu-lracked truss bridge, buiii, on 1" ^tono picru and abutinentR.ai.d elevated (•ift. above hi.jh water. Tho Dominion Drid'.'a {•oaipany, located near by, aro doing tho work, and expect to have it tiniihod for ne.-it year, the coat for tho brid;o and its approaches being r-timatod idiout $1,21)0,(100. By tho Can.adiau I'acilio R.iilway wo will now commeneo tho journey u;. tho pre.it tribut.ary valley of tho O.tawa fre.in Jlontroal to tho Dominiou capital, und beyond. Le'iiving tho motropolig by tho nor! horn side down tlui St. Tia'.vronoo, wo pass tho nito of t'.io original Indian settlement of Uonhol.aga, now a busy railway yard and nhopa, and, gradually divei-'jing to tho woiitward.acroR.s the love! land, bid f.iro'v.ll to tho groat river. Tho various stroainH forming mouths for tho Ottawa aro cros.sed and tho litio p.asaos St. ]\I,".r!,in, St. Jean, Hto lloso, S:o Therese, St. Jerome, St. Lin, St.. Eustacho, S'. Au;:ustiu, St. Scholastiquo, St. Hernias, St. I'hiUip; 0, and I do not know how many othcl places named itftcr tho wholo calendar of saints, i-howiug under what good auspiees tho Canadian I acilic I'ailway starts on its Ion;' journoy across tho continent. Then, leaving all tho saints bo- hind, tho train strikes for tho main Ottawa river, r.tid does not seem to tind another saint on tho onoiro rnuto to tho capital. All tho w.ay tho road is over tho broad and almost level valley, with tho L.inr^ntian hilli in the di:4aneo, though at ono putt they como closely down to tho river bank and Tlio OttaM-a flivcr Valley. 9 Mm,' iMi;i' ni;4t;uil Ecoiicry. Tim si:,'iia whii'h was callod Bytown. It ia about I'XJ niihs from tlio yt. Lawrouoo, and !i'JO miles o;.yL-north-o:iEt from Toronto. In ISo-t its namo was c!ian?;id to Ottawn ipon ita incorporation ub a city, and when tho iJominioii Confudoration wan foraipil ][or IMajoity in 1858 solcotod it as tho ca]iital. Ilxcoptii';! iroin the location of tho niafjniiiccnt publio bui!dinL,'a, howovor, its political importance docs not striko tho visitor so muoli as its buuinoRs dovolopniciit. Tho first and most laatin^ imprcfision nnido is by the timber trade. Landing amonf» boards, doaln, and Bawduat, walking anions tinibor-pilo.s and ovor timber aido-walks, with blocks, slabs, boards, and planks in ondlo.ia profusion overywb.oro, tho rushing waterstilled with lloating logfiand sawdust, tho busy BiiwB running and planing machines Borooiihing, tho canals carrying timber cargoes, tho rivers lined with acres of board piles, a faint idea is given of what tho lumber trade of tho Ottawa valley Is. Tho Canadian,Uko tlo American, uses "lumber" AS tho general namo for all woods, Thia trade in whito and yellow pine concontratea at Ottawa, whither comes tho vast product of tho groat foreatn of thia extensivo valley for a market. Thi> demaed bt pretont, I am told, is beyond tho means of supply, BO that tho mills aro muring night and day, using tho oloetrio light for tho night work. The coiiseiiuenco is that tlie lodging camps already boiug Bent out for tho next Bea.;on will ombrnco an increased forco of axemen, and a nuioh lanrcr supply of logs will be available for next year. For many miles tho Ottawa valley is a sucoo.-ssion of log booms and saw mills, but tho greater part of tho trade is gathered at tho capital. Aloiigaido tho pretty Oliaudifero falls at tho western edge of tho town are clustered the groat sawinills, whoro m.achinory picks up tho log fron\ tho water, runs it through tho aawa and plaut a, and in a few moments turns it out as liuished lumber, v,-liirh i:i carried o!i' to tho oxtoiitivo neiirlibouriii-.; v.^rda to be piled up and dried. This bii;:y iu- ;oi3trj' ia almost fa&cinating to watch, tho per- Eectioii of wyud-woilwiiia niiiuiiineiy buuy •liown by tho facility with which logs of groat (iza i mid wight uro handled. Ottawa aiiponrs to havo tho controlling intlunnco intliotrauo, its rivoro, ciuiihi, and railway* enabling tho product to bo Bunt cheaply in all dirootions. A largo part of thf liojiulation aro engaged in it, not a fow going out to tho logging campB on tho upper river, whcra tho busini 38 of felling trees anif rolling tho logi down iulo the H'.reania for tho Boring freshots ta carry to tho millB is vanod by killing boura, whici) aro report! d to bo pleutilul in llio woods thia ; Buaaon, The valnablo water power fumiuhod by tho falla ' and rapids of tho Ottawa ia ahio used for gi'iieral mauufaetiiring, there being aouio largo llourmilla uiul other factories. Tho groat boiling caul iron of tho C'hanilifcro fall.s is tho chior ! natural attraction, and it is an curious as it ia I grand. Owing to the peculiar formation of tlw , r.ick.i, uU tho waters of tho broad rivor aro ; divurtud into u sort of basin about "iUOft. wide, j down which lliny plunge with great oonunotion I and liluiwers of spray. Tho enileui'our has boon I inado to sound this curious place, but tho lino hof! ; not fouiiil bottom at OUOft. depth, and much of j tho waiter, as already stated, seeks a subtorraneau I outlet. '1 ho narrowness of tho pasijugo below tho i fr.lhi h.'ia allowed ft Buspenniou bridge to bo I tl.rown acrois at that place to connect the city i with tho Buborb of Hull, and thia bridge, passing ■ in front of tho falia, gives opportunity for ai> ndmirablo vioiv, whorein tho handiwork of Nature, ' with its foaming watora, clouds of apray, anoly;;miul iitricf.irn ftiiiing, which tvtn now III tlip rii'(f.3 l;u» in.'Uiy vinitors. Tlio f!.nt'nu>i'-f ioiv rivl's l.oiiui is jii tlio tml'url) of Jf i w lv.liiil>iir^;li ucrdSH i! u Uiilciiti rivor. Froni a llttlo jMivliivU wiiii'li lm» i.'.'t^ii ]il:ici'(l on tlu> wiHtcr-j «.il;;ii of l);irr".rk-liil), wlitrn tliu i r. ^ij itoin ilili's (;o r.'i".i'ly ilnwti to tln< rivoi''f. oi\;i', tliiro is iv vi«v fur u loii^,' (lisLanco over tlid wovloni niul liulllirrii oi'Uiitry wl.cufii cojiicm (!.o Otti'.wn, Tlio roli;Tif; l.iml in tho left I'.iuul iii dr.tr.ri,) rrnvinto, vliilotlic iliiitiint Iiills iw.il incmi'ifj nionntiiiim to till' i;^:lit Iii'.'.id iiio in Iho l'iT.\ inoi) (if (,'mjI)i'o. Tv'm li o SdUlli-H'r.'.v.-'.nl (I.ws the Uttiuvii duwn its ru;'1:!M iiinl (^-or tlio fulls, with ifr. initlvint; i':ni:'l.s anil wiitcnviiy" fur tlio mills, iiml it swoci .1 (;r-iiv!Iy in front mVl p;i'';-"s away to t!io ii'Ttli- «'f«.«tviii'il until ir ii li.^t luliiirl tho I,'uiivnti;ni. l:ills. .Ju-t to tho ri;,'l.t iin'l nlincHt 'indur tlio (;ri\r f'MU'^rnnii^nt liinliUii;; on tlmt riilo of tho (i"'iV'lranf;l() in tho fssiiro ciinti'.i^jiiijj tho t'lin:".!, up wliii'li n t inilior liont it i".in:; fl i«ly and liibori- oiit.ly I'lr-lxd to lu';,'in its joiimoy to liaho Ontar'o. Tho (intiiu'b of JtuU aorof>s tb.n rivor in fror.t. \n iiindc' nil of ccalt'^n'd clu;>ttiR of hnii^cs frontoil hy limlior jilcf, which in fact inn1» tho sciudon, tf> liiuo ii;'litio3 aloro Ofcasioiially and look out cf tho windows at t!io view tlu>y j,dvo of tlio two i>rovinco3 lio is trying to goV(. rn. V —Til.': Pl'OVIXCE OF ONTMMO. NOUTH KAY, ONTAKIO, Ave. .SO. Wicu tho C.in.u'.iau c>:|iK>ror and oii^inal colonist', t'hanniluin, luadu Lis lir.st journey up the lit. liiiwrcnco livor iiiicvo all tho rajjiilj aiul past tho n'yriads of islands ho found that it cxjianded into a vast inland woa, tho like of which ho l-.ad novor roon bcforo. Tho Indians in tludr figurativo laiic,up.;;o c.dlod it Oiit.irio, oi' tho bciutiful water, an 1 Cliamidain did n^t tl anj;o ii.s name. Thus from tlu> I'.ko riip'i)lo,it ha? barely 75,000 Fronoh. 'i'ho Irich inako up one-third of tlio inhaliitantH, wi.do tho Sooti'h nro n strong and iiiihioiitial body, r.nd thoro aio more Otnuans than Fronch nti'-o:.-; Ibo pooplo ; in fact, as ono raovoii westward tl.o j'ronch a'liio.'il; bcoiii to disappor.r, until tho raco is in a iivwincr revived by tho hall-brood i.otlloimnta in tho .North- Wo: I'Torritory. The {jro.'.tir part of tlio prc.'-x-nt po;nihition is hciitod in tlio (uoteiu and sontliorn parts (,f tho provinco, alonjj tlio slK.iOb oi t'lo Ottawii rivor and tlio I'l.'^V^' . '""^ "" '"-''"^ peiiiiuuila butwcon liidio) i\licl.ii;.in and Huron. Vlio roijion north 01 I.iiik;H fiiporio;- and ]Ii'i-..ti ia nlino.st i.nii.di^ib;tvd, oxeopcin'i uL a few isolated placoa. 'iluro i:j coiibidei- . .!• imiuij^rutiou guiu^' on, tiio tottlors inovln;; to tho iIiHtriot botwcon tho Ottawa riviT and (iiHiii,''iiii Hay, which is tlm lasliTii mm of I, ko Huron, and alrto to Lako .Nipissin^;. 'I'ho Ijaiiri iiti;in hills, whieh aro tiueh a ]>roiiiini'nt foaliiro in Canadian soi'liory, after ihoy loavo tho b>t. [.awivtio" lit tiio T)ioiP-and lalandn, pass w0.1t- w.ir.l \hrou;;h Ontario to (ii>or;,'ian ll.iy, nnd.ridn;' to tl •.' ili^'iiity of iuounla!ii»,niiiki' buld iind rus;;,'od »l;r,r. .1 al'iiL; Opi r,^iaii P.'y and Lake Supor:or, tho'p top.1 in Hoiuo ca-K'.s oxeiediiif; 'J,(iiM) fiM>t in hoi^lii, and makiii;, rlil!'» ami pronionioriea juttir.;; into tho lali' a tljiitri.-o from : (t<) to l,;5()it fi^t, Noitlierii Ontario, likot,^ I'lio, i"i a I'ountry fltuddo I Avitli hik''S. Tho pr iviii.o ha» both atjrii'nltiiral and r.iin nil wealth. ('!r'>a; attention in ^•\v^'^\ to dairy fariiiim,' and oheceiiMkini;, and it» cho.aos '^o all over tl'.o world. LriM, year it tuiiicd fnitiiiorethan Tl niillions .)f po'in Is worth nearly nix inillions of (h'llari. In that year (.'ani-da I'Xporteil nearly .'<') inillionH of ]iomiil«, and the Canada ehei.,~i. liia boon a p'o.d. altrartii'n n! tho C lonial Fxhibition. Its corn crops aro la-j;!', and, unlike th.oio of (,'iioboc, its fa'-mors avail tl.omselvi'B pretty gene- rally of ai^rieulturivl niacliinery. Tho miien-al v.'ei'.lthof tho provineo leiiy bo re)rarde qnanti- tieii is found in th.i couiilrv e.i.st of Ooor^'iun It.iy, gome j,'i. 1.1 north of L;iko ^furon, .'ml silver and cop] rr on llin i.-hinds and shoro" of Ii'ike Superior iimi ndj:icen!. to lako Nlpissinj,'. There aro pofro- I'uni and s dt well.'i. Th"^ population ia not only the hira;est of any of tho Canadian provinces, but ia al^^(l in the a.:.,'re;;ato tho wealthiest. T'lii Priviueial fiovornniont, i am told by tho Oommi.^sionnr of Crown L-in li aoeures about one- tlfth of it-' a;,';.'roi;ato ordinary reveiiuea from tho Halo of tlio riplita to out limber on tho pnldio lands. Tho policy puriued ia to f,'ot tho pino woods put otl' so tliat tin? ai;ricultural lanils may bo availed of for colonizit on.tlie hard woodalieinfj left on the lands for the bonelit of tiie settlers. Tho t'mber rii^hts aro sold for a bonns of so much 1 or fquaro milo to th.:' liif;be«t bidc'er, who has 11 jM.riod of livi' ye.-'.rs in wb.ieh to cut fhotrcs down, and as tho cultini; proceeds he paj-s duos at tho rato of 7."> cents I'or l,0 acres. Tho additional right is given, if tho settler wishes it, to buy 1(X) acres more, .and I '.us they may have in each caso a total hoh!in<; respectively of mx) acres and of 2(K) acres. An all tho Ontario lands aro timbered, a good deal of hdioiir is requisite to clear them, so that tho erazo to atquiro largo tracts, for .■ l.icli it in imposf:d)la to provide an adequate woiking foreo for cultiva- tion, is not dovoioped hero to iho c .'^'it; neon on some of tho prairio lamls in tho Statics. Conaider- r' lo immigration ia going on, and along thorailw.ay now sattlemor'^s and cl 'u-ing-. nro f(uuid inoligitilo placi'S. Tiio y,- ung men from the loworportions of Canada, who uro aocustomed to clearing laiidn, coiuo out hero and go to work, but. the chief ccdonists aro said to bo from tho P>ritish raeo;i, although eon.-fiderablo numbers if French eoiiio in from yuebee, thus depleting that province, llrjio iiru Ciermaus and bcaudiuaviaus, and ttio TIio Provinco of Ontario. n ir.tial niixtiiro of r.icns tliiit sool; noiv Iiomcn jti tlio frontlor.'i uf Aiiu-iicu. Tlii> jiolii^y of lliu Culiuiliua I'licilio Idiiltt-ay ih to oiicoiiiii^o thi« hj- roilucoil rntoi fcT (i-ftVfl, tliu fli:iriio fur culMinhts ((..in;,' wodtwaril from M<.iilrc il %« fur as Wiimipu^,', i,'lL3 miliM, heinn placi d itH \ow us ton dollnni. lhiviri({ croHiiocI to tlio titiullai-n bunk of tha Otlmvii rivi r mid tntLTcd tlio ]iinviiu'o of (iiiturio, V,\' luiw rcsiiiiio tliu wc.ttwiiril joiiinoy iilmiK tliii Viilloy of timt Btrt'iiin. Tlio niihvuy iniiku.t i\ sliort di'tmir to llu) 8oiith-\vist iipfu lu;iviii^' Olt.i-.v.i, tcnii.nriiiily ili'isortiii^; 11. u rivi'i liutik ami In uitiii^j towiirds TdiMiito, oil l.uku Ontaiio. At C'arlLtou Jniirtioii, a I iiuill town 2'J iiiik'H out, tl i> raiUvay diviili'M, a liraucli L'oiii;,' on V'i',1 miliM furtli. r to Ti'i"i>:ito, wiiilo tlio main liiui, whlc!:, in thii Jiarlaiico of ihu railway scrv.mts.is thu " V,'iii;;i[,( •/ ino," tnnm n^rth-woiit ai;il afluiwiirda \vu[.t, .-inU Bctkn tlio Ir.nk of tho Ottawa river u(,Min, 'I'ho Ton nto roiid is oxpoclcd to lnuoino oiiooftho cliiof carriorn of tlio tiystim, ua it ia to lio cxtonikd \vt tward 1o Dotroil, wIkto tr.vliJo I'onnoxiuns arc l>) 1)0 cat'dilisliod by wliioii tl.o C'aniidiiin I'aiiiiio will /,'ot iiilo (.'liicifjo, and tlui-i liocomo ui'lo'ij C(inij>otitor with tho (irani! Tiiink and other linoi ior tlio t'hioat;o throii^^h trallii: to tho hoid.oard. After loaviuf,' tho junction nt Cariotoii, tho ro;;iou tiaviTi.od by tho main liiio is u land uultivutod in i^oliitcd [.polK, bui. chitily di^vottd to tiniLcr cutting' aiiil sav.-ii-.ilhi, fur H-hich tlio frcii'iont rapid.* of tho river ^;ivo an oxi'i.llont v.atw innvcr. Tlio Ottawa is folKiwcd woflu\u-il to Muttawiv, wlicro tlio rivtr divtri-rs as it coniLfi dovn from tho nortlnvard, and iJuii tho ruuto has born laid out wtiitwuni acro:;8 what was vi.Ty rci'iijiily it wihlorncss towards l.ako Kijiisiint;, north of Gci-ij^ian Bay. A» Muttawa is ain roachi-d, tho land boconua roii^di and in ulnwn w;tli bouIilL'ifl, i.nd thi.s cuiitiniii B f.jr aonio di.stanco tow.irda tho lako. Srinb timber f;rows up aiiionj,' tlio rocks nnd naunt trunks ( f trccH, that havo been eharrod by forost tirea, and tmall bikrs abound. Tlio lari;est villaf,'e3 hero aro I'cuibruko and ilattawa. Lo;; d paES.'v;;o to thrijw a bridf^o over. Tho fertility extend.'j for aonio dialanco westward until tho anura of tho Lawrentian hills aro reached, uhien attetoh northward from Georgian liay. Then the rough and rocky country reap. pears, Eettlomonta aro aparao, and wo gradually uiovo from an agricultural to u mineral region. Wo ultimately reach and halt at .Suilbury, a i-mall Bettlement in tho woods, which is said to bo do- utincd to bo a great railway junction in tb ' (uturo. This ia obout 40 miles north of Georgian 13ay, and a branch railway diverges aouth-we.'itward to tho bank of Lake Huron at Algonin ; 00 miles run- ning down tho valloy of Spanish river. This branch, traversing a rich mineral region, ia to bo imme- diately extundod to Soult Sto. Mario, tho strait at tho iuturuationul boundary whicli cuuu^etci Lakeii Suporior and TTuron. Wlion finished thin will givfli tliru.i;;ii uonnexioiiu both iruin iil, I'aul and I^Iiua fie.ipuiis, in MiiincMota, and from iMdtith .%t lIicj lio.id of Li. ho Suj erior,ao that tl.o Northern I'acilia liuiiw ay and tho gro.it Hour milling industries ati tin F.iUs of Kt. Anthony, on tln> Mi.siussinpi river,: vill Lavo thoir oittlot to the He.i'ioanl at Slon- tiial, aomo 400 ndlo.! shorter than any oilier and, it i.i to bo prcHumed, proportionntely oli"apor in tr.insportatiou ch.ir^os. Several of llio conneolin;* links in this now ay^itum aro m w con.itiuetin/?, iin.l it will I xteud the oxintin;^ \inincli 8-1 milt » from Alijonia we.itward to thu titrait, passing thi> well-kni'uu Itruco copier mines on tho nortlt thoio of, Laku Huron, i hi.i rwutu I bavo aire; lyi H) >ji.uu of an developing gn at mii.oral wealth. ].a:t yoar in thu lailwuy ec u i:.ructio.'i ne.iP fciliibuiy Boiiio vast enper d^'i osit.i uero di;.- coven d. Kicky rounded birti talhid " battel " uliound here, mid it was foi:uil that .i' imo of thorn Woro prai'ticully pika of copper pyrites. Tho greatest vein of copper oro in tho world wni devtli ped by tho ex^iminutiiii.'' that foUi-wcd, iii being found to extend ab'.ut eight miles I'ntl to cr.'ss both tho n.i.in Jiu.i of railw.iy e.nd thu br.uich. For two miles of tho i;.. tcnco it ij l,i1tK);'t. wide, and is kin.wii to bo at lenat lUDft. deei>. JFi.r.t cif it is abovo thu surf;ice, nni.,'U (if it nwiaya :>;< per cent., and it is aaid that even ci-naicKring tho [ resi tit lo'.v piieo of copper, all tho oius that will iic ..y abovu JO of I'J per cent, (.ui bo dinpoSud of a!, a prc.'ilt. Tlu C.'.aadian Cojii^er Company began tliu workuij* about tlirej months ago, and aro (jumTying tlei ores out by blaaling the i.idei; of ono of tho 1 uttw, and po wlio aro If ft nro living on o broaa ro.Hi'rvo ftilj('iniii(,' Ncprtli liny. Tln^y iln nob rlo miii~h ftt I'ullivutiiii^ t!in Imul, l)ut tl.oy lir.vo dlsoiirdod Iiuli.in (nut! orn und p:iint for orilhriry piirmt'iitn, ftiul Mmo cf thiiu wcro lint too protiil to iiBNinti at rnilwajr liniMiiij; wlion tlia line umho Thri)U;,'h tluir nmiitry. I'li', ir old cliiuftiiir, Jlciiuciige, Rtiil lIvcB in i\ lot; hmiHo— irulcr.il of a v/JKVi'.nn — on IV rommtio point of Imd jnttinj» Itilo fho Iftlto, mid hiH iiioiiKry is to lo kept (.;roi'ii l>y liijviiitjrk i-uihviiy sfiiti'in immr 1 iiftor hi:ii,v,!ic'n>tha roml i'»«ii(<8 tliroiiL:li tlio ri r.rrvo. Ttic.ii) Indiiins ^-iil hnvo n ftrtiinu wiun tluiir lands odiun iiiti> tlit. jsinrkut, but it will tiilco u hi^di jiriro totinijit tlir/.i to (l( Bort tho jirotty Inko ouj itB pUuRnut siu-- rouuJiii^. VI.— THE Oi;n.\T LAKi;s AND TIIKIK NOllTIIKKN' MlOIil'S. niArr-KAU, ONTATIIO, Aro. 30. Our mil way routu wo.'() ft., averii;,'inf; l,(M)Oft., und ita mirfiico i.T about ri7.")ft. hi<;hir than tho i.ci;\n lovol. t;oorf,'i;in ]!.iy, wliicli strctrhua nroiniii tho la!;o on tho captcrn and northern side i, is llO ludus loiij^ r.nd about 50 inilo.i wido, and is ontirciy within (111' jirovinoo of Ontario. Tho rdanitt.ulin tluiin of i.sl.ind.H ((jmif a Bepfirating lino h'.>tv>'in thu hay r.ud tliu l.'ilco, tlio v.-:'.;u" to tiM) niirtliwvvrd iK'injj l.:iovvn n.s Manitou Hay nn'l tlioMorth ('h.'^iuntl, (.'oppcr ores m'u fumd on the n'Ui.hrrn aliorta, V>hi;rci tiiu b:-. Utn niid rocky Burf'i(.o ri. cs fi iiio- times to (iCOft. di'vaticn in cliiT.i and l.ills ah:ii(» t'.;o bank. H is htro that tho Ihiico niincM aro In.'ntoJ. To thu WPHtward, tho St. Slp.ry'.i rivir, )■ ln':.\'.iiriil and ruiiiantio nlrcam of ti3 miho 1 iu^'th, f i ■, soir , oJOft. ii'iovo tho ocoan level. It rccoivea its w.-.ilts from J javly 'JOO rivers and crerhs, which dri'.in a b.'isin < ivciiuf^' IPO.OnO squaro' miles. Thcro .-.ro tomo J l.uei.j in tho o.'XKtern and wctorn portions, liut I ;i tho ctntro of tho laky is a vast nnbrckeu rlicot >({ water. Th.o early .Iciuit miiiFioiiarie.i, wlio \vc"0 t'lo (''.it explorers, toid their story of it in Paris !.., Ciivly an tt":t'i, and in their jiuldi lied account f "cak of its shores us rcr.cniblint; a beudrd ho-.r, of which tho north rhoro mnkcs t!:o r.ru of tho 1 r.v, thd south ohoro tho cord, and Kov.ceaa-.v J oiiit, projecting from tlio foulhcrn rhore, rn[l•o- l nts iho an-ow. Tho lal«3 has f;e'ner lily .1 rock- 1 .>nnd coast, dirplayin;^ f;,roat heantir' ol'ccenory, and in boiuo uhtces. uartieukirlv ou tho northern slioro. tho b'oMinij era,":;* und ciiffii nro boldly prrw ji ctoil it to (ho 1 iko nli.ng tiin water's < d);e. As t !io norl li( rn coast is hii;h, and tho hoiglit of lainl ii near tlio lako, with tno lontj slopes strotcliin;' away from it to tho norlhwrvrds, tho furmftMon prevents rirr r.< of IiirL'o (ize from fnllin;' in. Thij northern ooa, t is niui-li indented l)y doop b»ys, ro k-bounJ by their bonlor of jireoijiitous rjiffi, )if»el: of widen rii'o tho hhick and dreary niountaiii.i of tho T.Mirentinii rnnfte. Theroii.-o rocky iHl.iml;* sea'tered nlinut this portion of tho ooa.it, many ridiii; alrinrl; porpeiidieuhirly to j^'reut hoii;htM, directly ni) from tho deep water. Homo present viil ba alt, and others aro (•1-anitio peaks, elevated l.OOdil, t ) l,:!0(tfl. alu.vo the lako, Nowhi ro ilro upon tho ii land waters of Jl.irth ATuerii'ii i'l thero sueli ),'rand scenery. Tho irre,cuhirities of tho coast-lino niako nunniroim po,it) miles wide, with a coast lino of i kO miles and phi rei in'.entod by biiys an.l bounded 'ly elitfs and jromontories. It is ( lovatod c.-insidorablv obovo S'.il'crior, tho Rurfaeo beinu 8i;Ut. lii^;l'.or than that l.'.k.T. Thickly Btllddc^d witn ishin la und being very (!(op, it n 1' ive 3 various mountain streams that i\iu\o from tho almost unknown wildcruoss around it. Tho forests of tho rcplon around Laka Nipissinfj and north of Cioor;.;ian Hay produce largo amounts of tinil or, thn preparation of which f,'ives t,'enoral emidoymont to a good many of tho people. From th'.i nei^^'hl ourh.H) I of North Hay, tho railwi-.y li.is ci.nicd away, on Kn^diidi orders alonu, over tp<),()(K( tons of Bciu.ired tiinlur duriiiij tho season just cloFinjj, This, beiny nearly 4,(100 car-loads, is an onormous trallio of itself, tlio timber boinf» carried down to the Ottawa river, where it ia formed into lafts and lloated dov.n tho St. Lawninco to Montreal or (.Juoijoc to bo loaded on sliipbtiard for tlij nc:oan voyage. For tho now settlor, tho exten- I ivo omployineiit at wond-cuttiiig is a t;reat boon. Tiui y 'Uiil; I'Scotciiiuan from home, or tlio French- m.ui from Unebeo j rovineo, cmius into this rc;,don with scarcely any cajiital Init his axo, in tbo use of which tlio French Canadiikus nro particularly ox- iiert, Ti:uy do not like to leave thoir (,ii"iebeo honic.i, but they h.avo to from sheer necei-sity. Wl'.on the old ijirtu has hcen sub-divided aiuon;^ tho children umcr tho French system until tho long airijis of l.uid pet so n.arrow between tho fcnoi 3 that thero is no opportunity for further ruh-divi.'ion, tlion tho yoxnif,' men aro forced to ccrk homes clnuwhero. They start for tho now cov.nlry in tho b.ackwoods of Upper Cana^lvoa tlicin liis bles-inf; with a goudaxo and two or llireo jhdl.iro, and thio is thoir cavital in slartintj life. Tiioy can f;ot cmploj-mcnt up here at four to v\x i'hijlin^';s a day w.i^'es, but moat of thoia start in as settlers, taking up hand which they jiicce^d to clr.u'. They nro at homo in (ha forests, can quickly build a lo;^ cabin, and ^;o t'j ohoppinf; out railw.''.y tics, tolcj.'raph poles, r.i'.d ii/ewor.d, for \vhichS;horo is a ready sale along tho railway. 'J'hoy livo on almost nothing', f a ■. catch abmn'ant iinh of most cxcelleut nii.'llty in the numerous lakes and trout streams tliat aro ovorvwhero found, ami need only Ijuy Tho Croat La'(cs Jind tliclr Xortliorn Pliorci. 13 th"ir noiip mill nnit, both of wliwOi nro very clirnp, n mii'lc of linv urnUi flour coAliii.; but nix nhillirv^n fur II hiini!po(hvi'i;,'lil. TliiiH tl.i'V (.'o t" work, imd ill thii i'iiiirfii< of tliu nivvinii will cut, b( nidi h tho l.'iryor timliiT, onu or two hiiiiihoil df coriln of wooil wliicli tlin yotiri'^ mun lu ll.i ixt tlio rftilwiiy lor six iiliillin;;! a cord. Ifo eodii pitn n linrKo.iiiiil II rcviii for Imriic Hifml, liuiliiiriK n iiliil,|i:vuli in )ii« wood wlif n tlin imow li on t'l" Krontid 'I'liin, out if r-imiii'.r'itivi ly iintKiiir, ho will hiivj ncciiiiui- li-.'tvl hy flint I'f lu.rd work iit n diisi.n or tuo fniu ?'J'K) to P;M:) ill (.'iui'k lira r.iou'y, iind tliisisiv >'.-luiin fiT till) yo'iii'.; l''rciii'!iin.'in. thotuwiiof vliii'li, fi' lit 111 •]{ to tl.o old {olk.'i lit muii 1, cl'.iirina thcin witli the idrn thiit ho ia on tlui rr.ii.i to JiMMtim lit hwt It millioimiro. Then Iio f^i m Imk for a vi;'it, m'tii m.irriod, nnd luiiijiH hii v.-iin out (') til! now fountry to start hou oK'otniii;;. I'lio j'oini:.; Si.'otflit"iui ul;) (li)i'.i i.fiod wi rk in l;i« tarlv ciiror lifiT.l.iit wl.ilo tho l'ruiii:!i C-.w.n 'Ami ii wilf- In,' to kcip on lit It, tllii Scut ell of ('pj iT C'lUilnlr* liio inoru imdiitious nnd hi innio h.r;;ir laiuUpwin'ra mid 8torok(C'p«M\« iiiid timl'tT nicrchaiita, and de- velop into tlio ruling power. 'ri'Ui), croa: in^; ;i country which pivcs tho chanro for diMjihiyiii;^ no nnich oiKiify, lit u.i for » fi \r J linuti'n ii.kd a burv.y of tli^^ <.'>;nr. li.m P.;ciiio ♦ ninacoiiliinntiil tiiiin in wliicii tho tiiivillin;; i.s (loiu). Till! Inconiotivra hiivo a hnul of r.hout I'.'O to i;i() milca on oach divi..ion nf the lino, whin Ihoy iini cluui ;f'il nnd friali onus juit on. Tho continiuit in iit prciMit en ksdiI from Montreal to Vancouver inhvii ihiyimnd fi>urte>'n hour.i and this will Boon lio re luced to rj'J lioum ; uood tirni) la ki pt. Tho tir.t east-hoinid tr;ui''e('ntiiieiitiil Invin th.'it wo met ill triiiisit pnH.u>d Su'ilniry, poinjj cnstwiird, lit 4 17 p.ni., after Uoing about tivo d;iys on tho journey, Tlicro wii.t, beior.i its nrriMil, Boino eurio.siLy disidayed to le '.rii whether it w;.3 in tiinu, mid hota woro niivde on tho tiino it woul 1 iiirivt). Tho belters wn;: red Vico-i'residu:it Van Itoiu'j of till' niiKvay, who w.is ui- tho bir.tion, that it would bo at least threo minute.t hito, and ho promptly look thiMii up and won, tor tho train, lifter its lout; jounioy of iie;ir!y -,',{•() r,i'Ai'S to that Bullion, eamo no to tho ]dail"Vin ju; t lo B.'eonda behind tiiuj. It brouj-dio thu liileft lii'M-i-paperd friiin Vv'innipoj;, und, after u lac lueiit's lialt, pro- ueodod on for Montreal. This train niake.s tho louj;e.st jnirney known on any railway in tho V,orld, 2, '.'00 miles, and tho tlirouuh bloepii.jj ooaches attached to it run thu eiiliro dlstmieo without clmn(.,'o, whieh is n /,'reat comiort to tho l.avelUr. Every week-day n train litarL.i from e:.eli rnd of thu lino, lenviej; tho oai'iern tenuiiiiia at Moiitre/I at 8 o'eloek in tho oveuiu;; and tho vert' m torminns nt 1 o'clock hi tho nffernoon. Ou Siu: ':".}s llio trains aro oraittod that othop- V'ifio would sti.rt, thus nmkiuB six trains oucli v.ay every week. Tho west-bound train is called tho raeiiio Exj^resa and tha CQst-bound traiu tho Atliintio I'xjirecs. Westward of North Hay, tin Luko iNipiRfiing, th« ph are tho only pnr.ienjjer trains that at prf rent irovo on tho inuin line of |tho railwav. Every iit hours tho throujdi tr.iiii jiaa.'-.cs each station j:;uie!; each way, am! it ih an pcvonk in tho barknooiis tliat Ufii.'illy brinfl;s out tho email iivailaMo inilatlon to tho ttation jdatform to soo tho novel . hi end jiek uji tlin nev.-ti. V.'u aro goiii westward on tho Pacifio iDxpross which j mado up of fivo coaches. At [th.o head is tho liif.ri;a(^'0, mail, and oxprosn conch, V.hich rarrif g tho ba},'girs at tlirtio rates. The ordinary Aiuerienn lirst-olass p.iiMeni;or coaeli fol- |o«n ihii coloni t'l' eo.ieli, and iniy be contuli r "d M tho spcond-clius carrinpH tn ttin I'Mjjllrh cm* pMi.Min. Tills usually taken thn local trnn Ih t'l bloiw; thn lino, tho throii;;h tmvollers beiiiL' f itii. r in tlin cfdoniiitfl' or slnnpin^' roai-hiis. Iollowh|{ thin ill tho dinin(( roaeh whieh is iMcviiiiiij! nil iiiHtltiition on Aniririemi inilwaya whuro loiiff journeys aro taken. 'I'his coi.uli only travel.i pais (d Ihj w.iy v.itli tho train, not bein;; Imidid at i.iniitj but I'oiiif' iiMially froui 7 o'eloik in thu inurniii;,' till 'J o i lock iit niidt-i when it is ta'c :i off and in xt niorniii:; is taken oark by the niiuu train, oaeh eoaiili tJius inoviii;,' baekwardn nnd for- w.irdu over iibi.iil ri('<) i.illrH of lino. In oir train thJ iliiiiiii; coaeh is coie'truettd in tho ramo stylo III! a hirf.e .-Vu'.ericfin paflr.in"er coach, about 7** f< eb lonp, bulk Very broad and h';,'ll. The tn'iin body of tlie eo icli has hiv;;", doulde | Ui,e-;;laM wind' wj in the r:ib a that Iceep mit all thu du.''t, whil.i (ho lii'.^h ton is urranged to lllrni.^h thorouj^h vontihi- tlon. On tdther iddo, nrran.'.ed aloiij; tho win- dows, aro fivo table;!, cnnh about threo feet ^pin.'o. iJrond nnd coniforlaldo teats nro jirovided, to that two perMias inny rit at oii'-li tublo, und thus liO can [.,'ot tiieir nuals nt tho samo time. On tho sides ol tiio eoac'i. h(i,v,een t!io window.i, iiK'ka aro s.'t that ooiitani tho cii: tiri. Jlero tho travellor can enjoy hi:i food nt loirnro and nt tho i.aino tinio viow tho country a.M tho coach rolls smoothly uhiii.'. Tho Hpaco at nio enil of tho coaeli lor about, 'idft. iu occupied by tho kitchen and ]\aii!.ry, with a piwian^jo on (uio iiidj of thom to enable t!ui pan-nouiferrt to movo throii di from ono end of the trniu to iho other, whieh is ri'/^ardfd tin ono of ti'io birthri) b.t privilej;>is < f froo America. Tho kitchen hn.i a broad ran''..<, with hot-wiitcr, iiipuratun and i-ll tlie laUet lin- proveimmtR, and um| lo loekdii l(.r all tho lii: bei and uteiiBil). Timkii overhead l.old tlio fre.'-li v/i'tyr, and lilMo refrif;eiatoi.« contain the iik.-.'.u and other I'lod uu; plie.), v.hieli uro put frahly ftbonni at cv<'i'v voiunt inp. In I'ront cf \hu kiicbia i* the t antrv, whore tl.o waiUra eon.e and pai:i thu oidtrn tluoii;;Ii a wio'o thelvcil Of c;;'ni» to ti;o ciK)k3 in.Aido. l.:t, arian:;ed wiii'. ice- liouso to keep tho wines and boor iilway.i cool, m) that it ia rcr.ily for iiemedinto strvieu. Tho rnenl.n nro fnrui.sliod from an niuplo rjnm, and :.5 the uniform price of 3). In pri'.^Licu thi^y c.m lo ha.! rtheiiovcr wanti-i', but tho u.iual cuiiiom i;; In brenkfajt about l^ o'ch: k, lui.ch at 1, iiiid dino about () or 7, and it ia burpriniti;; whr.t) boaltliy appi.tites tho journey tieveioi.ii. 'ji.o Etewarii, or, as ho ia called m this Cvmiury, il'i " eonduetor of tho diuiiic; car," cu'rj'.s on his tiT.volliiiR re.jlaur.-iut with a working; force <{ two CO: ik.i and two waiters, ho aitin^; as goiieral pupirviscr and bin lor of ttlj et.tabl:.'diment. rollowin;^ this convenient hostelry is tlio throu;ili sleepinfj coach, thu two to'vifner f.dviii;; idl the convoiiiencp.'i needed fur the Ion;; journey, Tho sleejiiii;^ coarh i.M coniitrucUid with nix " ppctiniis " (as tluj' ai'O called) on each ni ;o. F;icli section will repr. s- nt the Btuliod coats r.nd hii^li backs of an iMiHli'di hrat-cla.'!! railw.-.v' e,irri."rf;o, osctptinj,' that an aiiilo pas.fiii^ aloii.rj tho middlo of the eo.ieh dividii* ono ai'.n fr<'i:i th.o other. At ni'ht tho Eealn ar.i narraoied into an upjior iiid a lower lurtn, with eiirt. na drawn in front. At ono nnd a «< etinn, luadu t,oniewiia wider, ia eiielot:ed in tho form of a st.ita 14 A. Canadian Tour. room, no ns to pivo complcto privncy. In tho nt;grr;.;fito Eli ju rc;oiis fr.n begivon sUx'ping accom- moiintiuu in tlio ccich, wliilo ftt uitnor oi\d «u-o toilet rooms, and a biith room is also provided. At tlio re:ir of the Bloopiug eonoh is a lurgo opon tiniirtmuut, with a good outlook from tho back {ilatform, thL' being tho rem: of the train, so that the pat'songors can iiso it aa a smoking room and havo a view of tho lino an it is passod ovor. Thus is oaoh transcontinontal train niM'.o uj), an e- nioiit of 14 sloeping cuacboa and 11 ditung coaclios hoing ri'ijuirivl tor tlio imtlit of tho through trains in tho agpri'gato, besides oxtra (ini's to proviiio for trains that carry a heavier load. Ti.o " through flceping couch," as nii.iuly Ktatcd, goes ovor tho entiio n.uto, its conductor and sorvanla going tho wholo way. They thus become acquainted with tho ixjculiaritios and spoiual wants of tlioir pafi.soiigers, and also aid in rnlioving tho monotony of tho long joarnoy by giving notiii- cation of tho approach to attractive bits of Bconery, t-o seo whicn it may bo nocossary to rise Dariy in tho niornhig. This may in time develop into a tnuiscontinentftl courier system fer tho lino. Tho colonists' ami tidinary cuachos aro changtM.! at AVimiipog, about tho middle of tho route, and a new ;itKl clean outfit thus put on tho train for tho reiiKtiuing half of tho journey. Tiio Can.-idiun Paciftu IJaihvay woBtward from Lake XipisEing. after piussing Siidlmry, tho junction lieruti.foro roforrod to, goes through rocky ridges, with broad stretches of level land, having an occa.iiona] log-houso and settlo- mont. ForeFts cover almost tho eutiio surfaco. Tho train speeds along and gnidually take.-; us into a region of jrelty lakes and running streams, v.-ith rajiids and cataracts giving pleasing variety ti> tho fo.-i.sts and rocks. Tholnkosand watercourses bear I rolilij crops of beautiful pouil lilies, Eomutimes Covering tliem. The lino wiuiis in and out among tho lakes and mas.~,e.^ of inek. it jiasses at Onapiiig riviir a beautifu! cai.-iraet in lull view. It runs fur miles along tho edge of titniit Luke, 4S'.» miles v.e.it of Montreal, where some difhcult engineering had to bo iiuuo. Tho long and very n.irrow h.ko being on tho summit of a gradient, it was necessary to reducu its levil, and by coiL^tructirg a cuiud, the surface wnn lowered ten feet, and tho roadv.ay mado along tho new hank, ut about two feet elevation abovo tho water. The " (V.dgo road " or " Toteroaii, " as it is called in dilfer- irit parts of the country, runs alongside tho line, now near, and now fru- off, l)eing tho roadway that had. to becorjitriicted through tho wilderness, bofuro tho railway building liogiin, to bring in neccKsary siipplin.! and materials and tho n;en to do tho work Tho utiandonod huts of tho railway builders, nulo littlo log constructions, ai-o seen at intervals, being now of no more use. Tho making t.f this pmliminary road in some enses was fts ililUcult and expoBsivo as building tlio railway itEolt. Tho route tiu'na north-west, and passes northward of Lake Huron, bringing us to tho height of land between tho lakes and Hudson Bay. The water courses (low ut tiuiea south and at times north, as thoy seek their respectivo outlets. Bwampa and fens abound, and also tho jieouliar morass which in tliifl country ia callu in this now country. Such is Oartier, 478 miles from Montreal, named after the late Sir Georgo Cartier, who was one of tho earlier advocates eif tlio ceMistnu'tion of th.o railwuj'. Biaootasing, 53'/ miles from ALintreal, is ejuite a busy place, upon a boautiiul lake, with iirma that streti^h in every direction, like a double cross, t'W'ng fino vista views over tho fore'st-borderod waters. An exten- sive ficriea of inlantl waters ia connecteid with this Jake anel can bo navigated, so that considerabla trade ceincentratea here. Baw-mills and tinibor- cuttiiifj aro tho chief industry. Three yesars ago, when tlio railway route was prospected, there waa scarcely a while man within a hundred miles. The track-laying camo along two years ago, and 'his brought tho people. ]\Iany of them wore out at 0;o station to see our train go by — the chief event ef the day. .Such advancoel work at sottlomont I. lay bo considered too ventureaomo, but it must I remoiiibered that this region, with all its rocka end roughness, is hardly as uninviting as many parts e,f the States of Maine ami New Hampshire, V, hero a hardy pe.pulation have managed to thrivo niul become numerous and inlUiential. Thus wo c. mo to Ch:iploau, 015 miles from j\Iontreal, n-uned in lunour of tho Camidian Secretary of K'ate, where tho railway has tlie sliops and build- ii ;s usually at tho terminus of a division. Thi.'j i.« a l.'ud.son I?ay Company pest, being on a ran^o of iruerior water.i coKnc'ted by an easy portago with v.he* Moose River, (lowing into Hudson Hay. Thei I .'ttlement, howeve'r, is barelv a year ohl, having liev.'un v.ith the railway-building. It has about six hundred people., chieliy railwav w..rk- nirn, with a few Kottleni in the biish on tho out- Fkirts. .All hands were at tlio siation whe^n tho train h .Itod, and the I'nion Jack (lying from a tele'giuph polo waved over this oasin iu'tho wildor- aojs. occasionally crosse'd, enlmnco tho diflicultici of railway building iv this now country, as the sur- face must be sejliditieil ond tho uncertain region Loueal.li luaUe blremii enoULdi to bcM' uu the laii- VlI.-TilE KOUTH SHORE OF LAKE sn-KIMOK. I'OKT AKTIIUU, ONTARIO, Ai o. SI. Until tho Canadian PiiciCe Railway camo al ng, tho northern shore of Lake Su]ieriorwa8 an almoati unknown region. A few Indians and fur-trappers lived there, but except tho Hudson's Hay C( m« pany's voyagem'3 scarcely any one evortraversod it, Tho construction of a railway along this stern and rock-bound coast was one of the most e!aring en- terprises ever attempted. 'J'he line is built at or near tho lake elioro for 200 miles from Heron Hay, about 800 miloB fiom Montioal Westward to I'orfi Arthur. Tho road ut times is hundreds of foot above the lake, tho route being carved out of tha ])reeipitou3 cliffs, and atintervals it is down almost to fho water level, where it can sweep urounel son.o Jiretty i ovo with pebblc-cove'red beach. The coast is a BUccuf^sion of high rocky headh.nda \ rr.j..cting far e)Ut into tho lake, with intervening bays anel coves. Deep canons anel (issurcs are cut into tho crags down which torrents run, though few river.'j of any size (low in. OlT shore the lake is deitted with rocky islaiuls. Tho wateivs are a beautiful trceii. BO clear tliat tho bottom ia visible for u 'oiiif m^- Tie N-rth Shore of Lake Superior. 15 niilns ilibtaiu-o, wliilo in pcvcral cases a single mile of tlio luaiy cutting's «inii tuiuielM cost na iiiucii ii.-i §7rO,(iO(l. Tlio rocks cut tlirnii;,'h aro the haniost known— ^nmito and di"*- wi'li mica fcliist anil black triiiipo. The railway "tj-encleil 0'J,1OO,1'OO (luring itn cointniction for dynaiiiito and exi)li\sivo«, most of which worn upcd on this dillinult section. It wan amon;;; tlui latest |iortir.ii3 of Iho work conijiloted, and when tho trruips from Iho Ijower Canadian jirovinccs wero transportoil last year for the supprefision of tho Nortll-^\ I'stern reiiellioa lliey had to march over portions of this di.'ilanco, in BOmo cases bein^; coni]>i-'llcd to inarch iiround uomo of tho bold promontories, which tho railway had not yet Iraveraeil, by (;oin>,' out; upon the ice in tho lake. This portion of tho fjroat railway was liuiahed on May 10, lhS5,ncar Jacklish liay, ono of llie (ieoply-indented tissuroa in tho rocky and irregular filioru. Tho preliminary work nt runninj; lines and levels was exhaustively done, and tho rosult was tho dii-covery of a number of interior lakes just insido tho coaitlino which nllorded northern faces to eonio of tho groat pro- montories. Tho rou'iO vaB then hiid out in sonio caf-es on tho Pinaller lake Hhores inland, and in olhorsupon the perpendicular southern faces of the clifV.i, while coves wero encircled, cr.ags tun- nelled, and lispures and canons crossed by lofty bridgiiB. Tho railway builders liad thu ftiIvant.igo of tho Lako .Superior navi.;iition to land their Biipplies, ai.d this enabled them to build tho lino ot many places at the same timo, so tl'.at progress was coiaiiarativc^ly rapid. After niniiing for u long distance through tho woods beyond Ohapleau Wdstwnrd over a re.ason- ftbly level and rather uninteresting couniry, our train in '.ho early morning camo out iwmn Heron ]'.:iy, an arm of the lake, at about I'.tHlft. elevation above ilio w.ater. The n gioii wa:i timbered, with liU(.;o rounded rocky liills rising b>ftily aljovo tho line, winch ran over an elevated jdikteau withmueh diliieult rock cutting to get through the hills, lloru ot the 'littlo settlement of I'eninsula tliero wero a few cabnifi and a good h.arboiir indented in tholako fborn, tin lu-st found on Lako Superior for '.'0 miles w;'si.\vard from Miehipicotan T!ay. Hero also poma veiitiirosomo frontiersman has built a threo- Btory houso for an hotel, to divide tho honours of tho station v.ith tho hugo railway water t.ink. Tlio railway stations in this region are only esta- blished at inlervals of 15 to 20 miles, where it is KociNssary to provide w.vtcr for tho engines. Tho gradients i-.re not over ono foot in a hundred, how- over, though tho nownesfl of tho limi j roveiiLs fiust running. Tlio view over tho lake shows rocky ji'laiidR rising high out ot tho water, the most eon- niderablc being I'ic InlaiM'.. As the railway winds eloug among the eragstb.o very di!!':cultworkofde(>p roekeutfngandtunnellingaiiii airv trestle liridging OTcrtho lisBurcs and fiords astonisheB the beholder. Thero nro no signs of habitation or settlement excepting wh.-it the raihvajr has brought. Tho deeper fjonla .".inning f:\r up into tho laiui havotho railway built arounit them, nonn times going miles to Hccomplish a .ih.in-t distance, while in other riaecs, sudvleiily moving away from tho lako tdioro by plunging tliroii'-'i a cut or tunnel, the train comes out upon tni> crng;;y bordi'r of an inland lak.i at mue'i higher level tlian Lidio Superior. Jn ni:inv p:ir(s Ihe ri ck) havo beon ront by somo ftnciont convulBJoii into myriads of fragments. I wliilo in others the syenite, exfoliated and disin-' I tograted by tho operations of fro.st and wet, ; covers tho entire surface, llotilders aro strewn abjut, Somo r^ enormous size, wlulo the .l.nbur ia poor and chio^y birch. Tho most imposin;^ Dpoctncb.i i.« tho beetling crags that tho train goes around, wliich ri.-»o from the water's edgo almost pci-peu.liculftrly to niimy hundreds of feet abovo t!io railway. Tho coves and bays between theso projecting crags m.'ko magnilicent ampliilheatroa. At tho I'.ead of lied Snckor Covo a long trestlo bruigo 120ft. high, built upon a curve, carries tho , railway over, while cliffs riso l.DOOft. abt .o tlio like. .As tho railway curves this great; bridi;o, with its cncioring amiihitheatro of cliffs, is in full view, tho train rushing through a tunnel to leavo tho covo. Tho railway construction is very substantial, tho cuttings being niado wido so tliat snow will nub I obstruct them, and tho tall and airy bridge trusses 1 )>eing in cvciy way strengthenod and protected. j Tiio sollt.;ry "hi.bit'ition of a stray fisherman, who I is out in his canoe catching tho trout, is thu only I variation seen in tlio monotonous yet grand ilis- play of rocks and forest, tho crags standing up I over tho railway tunnels ami cuttings like tho i buttresses and castellated peaks of somo aucieub I liTtress. I Point Caldwell, that required somo very diliieult ' W'lrk at railway Imilding, is a long, jutting pro- montory thrust out into tho lake, around which : tho Canadian troops marched on tho ice in tho I oi'ring of last year to tho next Boction of tho tlu ii I \i; linisl'.ed railw.ay. Tho march was coiupara- ' tively short, but a most trying ono for tho soldiers. These crags of tho old red syonito lifted ' far above you display a pretty variety among tho I (jreen foliage in the pink flowers that are liberally di>tribiued over them. P.eyond tho Point, tho ■ Pic Jliver ia crossed ou u substantial iron truss bridge on stono piers which is nt 110ft. elevation ab'ivo the water, and tho lino thei' •iiudsah'ng ; the f.aco of tho crag until tho stream enters tlio 1 lako. Fis.'ures and cailon.". aro cro.ssed by a suo- ] cession of trestles, that will bereplaeid wUh solid ! niivsonry pierr. and truss bridges wlien tho line gets , old -r. Tlio roadway then, passing inland from tho I Blioro, fkirta St;!ol I.ako and crosses Sti el Kiver, ' winding I'.own its bank to tho edgo of Terrace P.ay, out on tho lako again. Hero is a remarkablo ! formati.n. Four separate terraci's riso in a grand : amphitheatro from tho lako shore, formed by , ancient sea-beach shinglo and pobblos which havo i beon uplifted. Next tho lino comes to Jackfisli ! Bay. a long and narrow Land-locked harbour, with Baiidy boaclies and rocky capos projecting into tha 1 water. It is named after tho largerpike.knos-n hcra ' ai tho " jackfish." This has a littlo settlement and a wharf and railway station, i^Ki miles froia Montreal, whero coal ami other Bupplies aro l.inded, tlio Penn.«ylvania coal being bri uglit hero, cheaply by tho lako transportation. Tho railway po(B round this ba}' at about 40ft. elevation, winding succes.«fiil;y among the crags that enclosoj its shores, yet with threo miles of line accomplish-i ing barely a ha!f-milo in tho westward journey byi bridges, tunnels, and galleries in tho roeka that ci st over ?l,5'Kt,IHiO to make. Wo stopped at tho^ little station and heard a fish story from or.o o^ tlio residents, who told 'low he had gone down tr- fi'ct jiroMirviifioii Bt.'iiulini; iip v-'livro liu fell into tho wfttcT, tlio low ttnipev.ituro of LnUo Supprior, wliich is never above 40(.loi,'., making it a refrit;o- fiitor. Tho most pretentions pl:'.ce in tliia desoltito re;;'(n in the railwiiy station at Si-lii-ciber, JT)") llulc^; from r.:ontre:il, wl'.ero a eoniidcrablu colony J.!i3 lii'in eflai)li;he;i by tlie niihvi.y j < ojlu, ani a broad and lovtl jjl.-.toau anion;; tlso hi'l:i has been i;v;;ilcd of for necePF.nry shc^pa and lmildin{;3 for t};o lino, lieyond thiij ilio road gradually riiien to lJ'-\M-al hmidred feet elevation, witli nK'To roe!: cutliii;,'3 and tretfclo brid;,'iB carrying it tliron^di crai^-a and over ravines, with lonij viflta viewb rraonj; ti-.o tree?, rctn far over tl;o lake, and dis- cbuvi!;^ a nnij.'nit'icent panon'tna of bays and head- b'ndf., with bleak n.onntaina to tl-e northward, 'il'.rn v.-e begin to ikirt the tiicri's ol iJtpif.'i ii]''y, Xv'uOii i^. bounded far away to t)iO siuthwarii by a eucuesfion of niciniiainons itdand.'t, v.li'so f)u ri:i ore a;i full oi" cra.'.'e a;; tho mainland. . l.o hind is (iei'olate, tho eytnito and bniildera rovi riu;; th-o ri)rl.-.oo, t!;o wb.ito bireli irv< r^ nhtrni'.tinj; with f tiiiited lirj, while e.igliB and hawh.- eirclo nliont tho lre'> tojis or ilum over tliO water in t » areh of i;.:h. For I'll niik'.s th.o r:'.iiv,ay is li'id a!on<: thin b:>y cf tav.':£;o f.,'rr.ndeiir. Tlio liltl^ etalion of lio,-;;!- vcrt, «hieh has j',:,xt. been ( fitablishe'^h.aH a beniiti- riil n\itleo!: iidVibitantr, mid (th-etchcs over a milo along the bay, with lino wliai'ves proteeterl by a breakwattr from th» B.ovma on tho lake. Th.o wind lib w freshly ovi r tho harbour as we arrived, and a big atei-n'tr wis just starling off on a. voyage down tlio lakes. Thr.i pretty Ka;aini.'ti(iUia rivi r liows through a rieli ami level j rairici d(;wn to Thur.dor Fay, and in ill II! per uatin; ii- a revie.s of rapid.-', witii th.e famoi: i Kidtabika fall alx.ut M) miles from its mcuitb. Thia is ono of tho i.;e'i-t. nU.-aetive cat:'raet:i in tho neij;hbourliood of Lake f'ui'trior. tho roek-r. heit:;; clett :o that the river tumbles nito a eh;>!'m ]"•!) feet dec p, and th.en goes on for nearl}' ball a milo ill r.apiii ciimnt through, tho liivMUv, the fidi j rising ]-eri endienbirly and in fcmie places over- hanging thoir bates. l'| on the bank;-. bii-^luds' capacity is l.'ieated at Port Arthur, and tho tr::(l!c in tho gi-aina of tl'.e great (ields of Maniioba has become so laifjo that tho conctruction of a third elevator i.s in con- templati(jn. ^'ast quantities of coal aro landed hero for transportation further wertward, thero being hui.-u piles on the wharves awa^Mng trandt. I'ort ArtJiur i.s a buKV place, an.d its chief buildinga were (lvr'.iico of rnihv.iy iinjiroviiiitrnt, luis Ijccoiho tlio C'ti;4iii('-)iouso for lioibtitiK curgooa out of vcanclB. 'riiim do tho powDrn tliot nilo tho past yiold to tho fuiwor forccB tlmt control tho preEoiit iu tliia Wpidly c^uvoloping country, VIII.— THE IM'.OVrXCR OF MAMT(~)B.\. %VINNirEG, MANITOBA, Pi-PT. 1. At 10 miniilos piiLt 16 o'clock yooterclay tflonioou tho (;iiard or coniUiotor, ub he is ci.lloil, blioiitcd " All aboar.l " on t>,c Caniuliiia riicilic li.iihvay triiiii at I'ort Artlnir, and wo rufiiin^od [ho wi.dlcrn jounicy. Tho railway clodis west of Liilir fv.ijT-rior and tlio tinio tablet) of ihio lino mark the U"- liourB coiitLCutix'.l^', and (ho iin- Ubii:;! circunh^laiico fUUM-s a i'.uitcr ninong tliO j;aa(.on}^'TB, and .■;omc dili:culty in lriinbl;tii:f; tho r.'cord of watc'hca. ^^(.m nudiii.-.'lit to midni-^ht t'lo hours are con'-ocutively counted, co that \vii.-,t 1,1 orilinarily called 10 n'.inutca ] ."st thrco in tho nv.!, throiif^h this novel Ptrolto 1,1 orilinarily called iiftcrnoon, has liccci (vf railway cnlori 30 niiiiiitc ,!,t 10 o'cUrk. lin.iii. riiil- OUiO, ,wU lo:' 'J'ho tinu^Tiiict'S r< cording; lluH have llai ordii;iu'y dial.'i,but will, an inner circlu of nunicrals niarkinf^ tho bourn i.hovo ]2. Tim linio i» alio ri cltoncd westward of I'ort Artb.iir by tho Ocniral f^ti.niinrd tinio iu tho Aineri'.-.n railway syiiteni. v.hich is ono hour filower than tho Eastern t-tandurd timo, which conln Is tho eaatward. 'ibis, by throwin;; tho watcln'S ono hour too fast, beinf; added to tho ccniiiutations m ccreary under tho 2'1-liour oyiitoni, niudo tim(?-ki.'(.i inj^ ar.ionj; tha travellers (juito an ab.'itru-. e niatlu.ii'atical ] lubkni, and niont of them {."ive it uv'. The railwi'y train was Dtarted euccc.'f.ful v, however, r.nd noved lapidly ever tho level la'.id wertv.ard j^nrt the old post at l'"ort ^\ illiani, and its town eito, and then up thu valley of tho jretty hrniin- iHti(j\iia liiver, with its rows of ecnifcnt- nblo lookin;,' littlo houses and their L'ardcns. Tho cultivation h.'.ro ia extensive and the land y;ood, BO that tho re.i^iou is attractive to fnrnarH, iind much new land ia being cleared. Tho Canadian I'aoifio Railway goes westward nlonfr the valley of this river and ono of its alllucnta, foilowin),' wliat is known as tho Itawson route. This in former days was tho ch.ief portajo between tho bend valors of the St. Lawrence and lho^o leading into Uiub^on's i;ay, oritjinally used by the Indiarm, who carried their canoes across tl.e intcrvLuirj,' (trip tif land, and tdtinirtely developini; into arafifcnfier route V)y staee and boais between the two HuiIm n's Bay po'tn or Fort William and Fi rt Oarrv. It was a rmuidabout way, requirini; a journey of about eO miles overland to the Ik ad watt rs of streai s by which boat navi:;a'iou could be cond\ict[d tl rou^di tho Rainy Lake and river to tho J^ako of tho AVoods, and then through Winnij ei; Kiver to Lako \Vinnipe;',whenco tho voyajio con'inucd southward Hp tho Red River to Fort Garry. Thia wa." tho ro\ito takou by tVdonel, now Lord, \\ olseley in 3870, when ho madu tho expedition westward that BupprcDEed tho fin.t French 1. all-breed relellim led by Louis Riel. Part of tlna route hat been ir.ado the international bour.dary between Crnada and tho United Btatm, wheh on it;, ea; tein i or- tion, however, comes out ui on Lake Suiierior at l'!,<.;eon Iti'-cr about 'M miler. telow Fort Milliam, on what is known an tlo " (Irand Portage." Aft-jr lea>. iig tb.o level ;;nd well re!tb.d rerion uhii.'h exten-ore(fc ul.ovu tho tav, iiiid the valley in llaniloba ihiciigh wiachi'u uiealieci has an avcn.,:o ele\.ii.l'jn i I ai,..ul< / 18 A Canndian Tour. 7C0 feet. It is tho hctindnry bctxvern Jlirinopota Bnd Dakota in tho States, and (Hvidn; JIar.itc.ba into two une(|imi parts. Flo-Hini: tlnoiiL,'h a pnurio, its delta at tliu lalto is in a ropion of fciii.niarplnD, ond niuskofj;s, and it lias no k'ss tlmn tax nioutl's. Its affluents drain an immcnBO nnnilior of snir.ll lakop, tho chief among them beinjj tho Assinilioino river, named after an Indian tnho, niid o' miufj; over 400 miles froi . tho westward. This seetion ( f country and that lo tlio north and north-v.('?t is us remarkable a basin of lakes as that dnarod by tho t"t. Lawrence. Tho great Lnko AN iiinii cir ''''S Iributarios from lakes and rivers that Djireud ever Bnd drain a basin of sonio -ltd, (KM) srnjiito miles. This lako is of irrognlar shape, 'JCO miles long and from six to CO miles wide, covorii;!.; B.fM.iO .srjii.-.ro miles and havini^ WO miles of coat-t lino. Its fiir- faoo ia at C"J8 feet elevation above tho eea, niu- it contains many islands. For so lnr;;o a lrd;o ita Bhallownoss i.s reniarkablo, tho depth nowlrro cx- ceeding 70 feet. Be.sidcs tho I?od Itiver, tlie Tarenn River enters this lako from tlie o:ist, tl;e \\ inni; e^ river from tho south-east, tlio Bafkiitc'iewiin Hivcr from the north-we?t, and tho ranphin Itivir brings in from tho west tho waters of Luk'.s Winnijv'fropiu find Manitoba. On tho northern Fide it )ms no ftfilucntSj^ bnt there dischanjes tliroiif;h the l.\l."C!i Itiver toiludson's Bay. Thts river h '.'~M miles long and passes a scries of lakes and rapidn, tl'o lr.tt(.r rendorin; navip.ition almo.st imi"iof!-il'le, thoii^;li it cli?charf;o'i an immcnto amount of water into that great inland eea. Of tho utlhicnts of N' innipejj Lake, the AVinnipeg Kiver ih 1(3,") niilea li n;,', am! flows n)rth-woBt from the Lako of tho Wood.i, din- churi/ing the waters of many hikes, and havi^ia; rapida in its conrso which dcpccnd no less than Sl'J foot. The Sapkatehewan Uiver conv^n from ll-.o Kockics, where it has two sources ilov.in-.; from dilferentdirections and joinint; to form tho (trtimt, which is 500 miles lonf.', end drains a Lii.-in covor- ins; 240,000 square miles. Its name is a Cf>rrnptien of tho Creo Indian words meaning; " swift ctn- rent." Tlio Winnipegosis L;iko i.i litend'y tl;o " Little AVinnipe^r," altho\UTh it is itpolf ijnito larjfo, beinp ]-0 miles lonj;, 2i) milen Iroad, r.nil Cuvi'rin^' 2, ('I'll a.pnre miles. It diocht '■: c- thii.r/'h the Wator-Hon River into Lake IManitoba, i;"novo which its surface is i evatod 20 feet. This Intfer lake is about ()0 miles soiith-wcst of Lako AViniii- J'CL', is 120 miles long and 20 to 22 miles bread, una covers l,f0O square miles. It di:-eljnr);o3 int.) Lake Winnipeg, whoso surface is aboi.t 40 feet lower. The name of Alanitoba wa.'i ),'ivin to it by the Indians, who attribute u pujicriuitural origin to a peculiar agitation of s norlion ( f its isurfi'co. ond hence named it tho " Supernatural Strait. It will thus bo Been that tho Indian names of tho chief of those lakes, which are thcnT-elvcs gront bodies of fresh water, fccond only to the hikes drained by the St. Lawrence, aro reproduced in tl.o jiroviiico of i^Ianitoba ana its capital city of Vi innipcg. Tl;oir,aa Dougla.'?, E.-'.rl of Selkirk, bought tho greater part of theregion nowknov/nns >',-.r.itobafo carry out B benevolent plan of Fetth inent, and in 1812 began tho Selkirk colony on tho lied I'iver, b few miles north of the prcFent site of V\ ie.nij'Cg. /beut the name time the Ilndpon's Bify ('cmp;'.ny eBtablished its frontier trading post of Tort (iarry, at the confluence of the .•\s^inil oin T.iih tie WA Hivor. The poltlcmont diil not flnuri:.li vi ry miieh in its earlier l!i:-tory, but afier the C'l'mu'ian I'licifjc linilway was projicUd and wo;k begun at construction, tho town o'i.imd Fort nlle zephyr of tliiu sort greeted our arrival thiit made a nidden cliange in tempera- tiire t'f fO degree.'*, IjIcw clouds of (hist around the :treet.s of \'-iiini[ eg, and was so strong tl)at it retarded the progress of tho railway tniius. 'lliO ['ro\i;ire (;f Jlmiitoh.'v is a parallologTam about 2.'() n.ilea ling, it:i teneral turfaco being n level ]ira;rio of tl.o riclie.st land, with foils that are iimeng tho tiwst proliPe en tho continent. Ita ousti ii; and wc-tern bor('era are hilly, or.d tho out- crop ehow.s in some porti( i:s near Winnijeg, but (ho lidi'.'os of the Laurentiiin formation lire not Been hero as they were elpew! (tc in our progress actoFS (.'ai'.M'.n. Tl:o chief Kittleii.cnts in tho provineo are along the Red and AKsiniboin Rivers, bht cinigfiiticn is rapidly filling up other portionn, imd tho cTii'/x) to traiie in ehoico town sites and good a;,Tici'.ltural kinds lias been exliibitcd hero in times past to rai extent exceeding even that teon in tho mu.'-hroom frontier Eettloments in th.o Strlea. Towns and villages aro con.'^eqr.ently fprini;ing up, and tho new population gonig ir» Will li'fero long give tlio province manv placoB that v.ill rival in bjzo thoro of E;istern Ciirada. The divelopmcnt of transportation facilities for this iii-ulii;e region is being carried on by tho (AmadJan I'aeiiic Ibiilway in an extensive way, iheir WiiCF. Midiatiiig liem Winnipeg in seven diU'erei'.t directions. Tlier' aro lines northward on botli sides of tho Red River towards Luka Winiiipeg, north-wertward to valuable etono (;ii..rrief , which turni.-h much of tho biiihiing niii.'.eri.il li.sid for tho handEomo edifices of tho city, sout'ward on both pidi s ("f tlio Red River to the I'nited ^'liltes boundary, where they coni-.ccb with American lines leading to St. Paul and diirago ; tiui al.'-o westward through tlie Turtlo River eountiy. This exteiifivo F3'strm involves the (..-!, •ibli.dn:ent by th.e railway' at Winnipeg of an I Inhorate central tcrniinuB, and conptciuently tho y.'iri!^, ttaticiii-, tlv j s, and neccerary adjiniets of ir;il'::o ci'Vcr seme 2X0 acres in tho northern, l^riien of tho city, and a largo buf-.iness is cairied employment of proliably 1,0(X) ;i, involvii): th. 01 prol; iiun. 'Jlif ."heipa ahnit), whicli aio felly fitted to care for all the rolling ftrek on the railway din- f ion out tr. th ■ Ro: hies with rrpairn and renewals,, are a series ..f largo buildings eqe.ippcd with tha best maehiiury and facilities, and having 40O liai'.ds emi h.ycd. Tlie earlier fultloment of Manitoba was by tha Frincli and Indian half-breeds, who camo hero' to ciltivato the land, it then being under tho rule <.f tho IIuiisoirH I'ay Company. Tlio rebellion 1 f Riel and the lialf-brcerls againut the Dominion (iorcrrimn.t, vhtii it lirst took poseen.'non, waa in li (''.-TO, beii:g i.iially cuppresrcd by Wolceley'a cxjieditien in A.iigusl of the hitter year. Th.o population v.i'o then comparatively email, but since that tiir.o tho stream has been moving in from all direetirns and of all races, tlio rebellion having atiiJiiled geiitral attention to tlie greati fertility if tho lands. Tho chief growth has been will in t,he last five years, and tho lialf-brceds now Bro hut a f action of tho inh.'ibitants. Riel and hio folli;wiii|; h.'.virg g'u.o f;ir away to the north-west irto tho valhy iif tho Sa.'katcliewan, beyond tl o lakes, wliTO his second rebellion (iceiirred last yeiir. Tl.o railway liLS iiecn tho 'lainspring in liriiicingpeople hi re, the advancement of tho variona licttloiueiits aloii;; tho Red Uiver and woutward Winnipc;:? and its Neighbourhood. 19 I'.'uing liern alinoBt ninrvcllous ninco tbo throtifrli lino waa oiuncd. Tlio e(Jiistiiu;l,iou c£ tlic icr.d liotwoon Port Aiiliiir niul Winuiiicf, with tho brunch southwaid from Winnipeg to rinihlna, wan umlorlakon as Doniinicn (iovurnment pul. lie works boforo tho Ciinadiun Piicilic KiiiUvfij' wtia chartered in ]B81, tlio mifinif'liod jurtit ns bi^inj; nftcrwurds Loniijlotod by tlie cinu any. It was froni V.'inrii; p ^reat advance in Ihu 20 A Canadian Tour. pricofl of lan^Is. During; tlio rocont " bnnm" wliir:h iollowod till) iifivtnt o( tlio i-ftiluMy cvi-rv iiiliubi- t.'iiit soomril to b(i a liinci Hpcciilntnr, iitici nniKtivJs of " Byndicatra " wirn formnl for dcnliiic; in town lots nnc] Jiow BJt'n for Bottlcnionts. I \vi'.;. shown n shrvlluw lot on Mivin-stroct, bandy 2r)ft. front luul liarrowin;^ towr.rda tho rear, whioli wn-'. tlion nctu- r.lly pold lit tliO enormous tijjuro of J.iHjOOO. 'i'lio intiation liaa passed, howrv^r, and {rici-^, thou;;h ftill IiIrIi, liavn pottlod to a nioro iilablo baBis. il'boro arn fivo clmrclR'B that liavn cost §-0,0(iO to fdOO.OOO a-jdoco, and two col!c:jcs whioh aro iiinidy endowed f;js, though about lli miles north of Winnipeg they havo a mijuntaiu. This SL'':nv 7'itouutain would not perhaps be dignified by such 11 title in scjmo places, but to tho inb.abitanta of this lp.nd of mouoloiious level th.ro is such graleful- jioa."? frit at tho relief to tlio vi.^iion afforded by ■ft-iiutthoVankecn call " a Iittlori.iing ground, "\hat Iho people aro (jliul to havo the elianco of calling it ft mountiin. Kiony ^Mountain if! a long ridgo of roek stn IcliingncroHn the country at .about (idit. to tiiift. olev.ition, and in it aro tho quarries ^Ueiiiw tlio ciejiiii-coli)ured building stono 's got that Is HO much used in Winnipeg, whilo hrlck;)' nro made fnun tho v.hito clays of this regio»i. Vrom tho ridgo, which makes quito .'in imposinf^ shew and bocomon a very repiiectablo mountain in contract with tho level plain, an cutlook is had over tho prairio and tho distant vnlloy of the lad llivor, v.Liro the original ii^eikir); suUii nient is in n llouriiihiu<; condition, tho Scotch settlors havini; boon very prospcrou.i. Upon tho top of tho ridgn is Iceateil tho JIa!iitob:» Peiiit'-ntiary, wb.ere KK) to l,~!i convirta f.o confined, and though it is out (ui tho open land, without otich sing v,al!.i of any kiu.l, and tho convict,?, under guard, do all the outsido \s-ork, tho proportion of escapes is said to be loj.t than from any other Canadian prison. !'o~,sibly thi.-> may bo because they got more wholesome food and li\'o in considerably nioro oomfort than is usually tho lot of tlio llonticrnman. I v.'as t'dd that ail liationalitiea were reireoentcd among tho eonvici..'!, tho Indiana and half-breed.; boiijg rather the nuuo numerous. Tiio ronowneil Creo Indian chief Hi'J licar and two of his tribe aro cniUnod bore for their coinplioity in tho Frog Lako m.assacro during tho lato rebellion. Dij,'l;jir is a rather Dcdato-looking old gentleman of about 00 3'e!ir3 of ago, in his prison garb, and dovotiM his time to working in tho garden wdiero veget iblcs are gi-ov,n for tho prition, and fo;;dinj tonio biiars that '.ro kept in a pit, and havo such liking for him that ho goes froely into tho den witii ihem. The lately deceased chief Poundmaker was confined hero, and the Penitentiary ol'icials deniwl *hat tho imprisonnioiit w,aa tho caujo of his ith. Thoy say that all Indians havo weak lui.gs on .iccount of tho exposure of tliinr mode of life, and that I'oundmaker, on rolurning to Ida tribe, ontored into tho terrible oriloal of tho " tliirab danco," which was ordered in honour of his re- le.-uio, and, after the sedentary and -nervating iniluenco of hi.s coiilinemont, tlio tortures wliieh aro a iiromineiii jiari; of tho ceremonies were too much lor him, c:-u.siiig tlm heiiioi-rh.-'.g.s froi;i which he died. Vi'anierPedson.of tho 1'. nitentiary. Las u herd of stuiio l'>U buli'aloi^s tiiat wand.T over ft Burfaco of about six Kcpiaro iniK:* near tli'j {.'riiou, wliieh aro sai'l to bo no.tr about the only lerd of butl'aloes known iu this country, as tho raco ia almost extinct. Tho v.ast prairio pouthward and woslward of Winnipeg is a garden spot, riidi with tho varied flora in July,1)ut now having only a few of the later floweiTJ in bloom, while the grand is beginning to sliow tho approach of tho autumn. This jirvirie, iu Canada, ia said to (extend hundreds of miles to the west and iiortli-we«% its limits being only circumscribed by the mountain spur.i of thn IJockies. Tho fi riilo belt is much broader than ib is to tho southw.-ird in tho Rtatos.aa tho mountain.'} trenfl we.-.tward , broadening tho rej/ion, ,and tlio Btorilo alkali plains and tho " l!ad liand" r'jrion, which cover f.o much of lIio surf.ico on thu lines of tho Cnioa Pacilic and tho Northern Paeiiii! Itail- W:iy.M, do not extend in any a])preoiablj degroo ncro.is tho boundary. TIio elimato, too, as ono bocomoB more ion tlio cnowfall proceeds woslwe.rd from the niodeiato. Jn tho Winnipeg regie in an average soa;;on does not exeeod ISiii. to Kflin., being much less tlian in ll^vsteni Canada, while it so quickly disappears that tho sprini' o]:ens early. Tiio cattlo can get their ow.i Kub.'iistenco from tho prairio, oxce]iling for about; four months .wlurn the snow covers the ground wit.h a hard crurt. Tho horBO.i, by pawing, however, break through tliis, and thus at all times can got at liio glass ihaL comes Uj.) frcfihlv beiiealh. Ii. is Winnipcf^ and ita Ncio^libonrliood. 21 this grout fortilo plain w'o?tward from tlin Rod P.ivor tlwvt will mnko llio fortuno of Caimrla, ami may rule tlio wiioat market of tho world wlion it becomes thoroughly Bottlod. Already tho Mani- toba wlioat supiily has a fjrcsat iiilliionco upon tlio Aniorioan wheat marl«)t3,and is iricroasirifj toonor- mouMiJroportioiis. Altlioa;,'li tlio sinson was dry this yoar, tliii harvost now f;oiiifj on is very KO"d, tho grain biding as lino as any yot produced. Tlio Ftraw was short, and all tlio sustonaiico nncmod to po into tho iiLad. As tho straw has to b,- f,'ot vid of by burning,' in this fi rtihi region, its short- noas is roj'urdod ratlifr as an advant,a(. Tai'he, whoso provinre extends all over tho samo wide tevritory, is the roverad spiritual advirer of the French and Imlians, and al.?o a ."lago counsellor for tlie v.holo couiury. Tiiv,3:> two men i'lr a long period havo boon a ndianco of tho (iovorniiicnl in dealing with tlieso renioto people!, and they were mainly instrumental iu Kcttliiig tlin original troubles in Manitoba which resulted in its being mado a t^anadiau province. Riel vrry properly olijocted to somo miggestcd modes of settlement, b(^cause, as ho said, t!ie poophi of thir reg'ion desired to bn eqit'd to and not rnl'^-rdini'.te to Canada j thoy did not wish " to be the colony 22 A Canadian Tour. (if n coliiny." C^o;■^^inl.' over llio Mil'>ifi\tili'il Tiridj^n aj>nii'nin{» tho Rctl liivor botv.-oon Winnipof; mill Kt. Bonifaco, tlio iittrncliivo calhcciiiil is ill full view. Tho rivor Hwoups (;riU'.d!y [irtiutitl troiii tho west to tho north, and on tho i d ,o of tho outer bank (b u roiul. A ulain' wluio fonoo borders this rotid, with toliii,;o boliiiid it, from amotifj which Btiiiids up thu t^'atho- ilnil of St. IJoiufiicn, with its tull, 8hii:iii;_', tin- I'ovcrod spiro, ii reproduction ot thoso cion on tho Lower St.Liiwrcncu. Abovu thin is tho lfiixo,.'>]uitro iipiidcniy buildiu;;, which is a bjjIiouI of tho Sialor- hudd of GrayNuns from Montrii !,!ind luijriinini; it IH thoir convoiit. Uolow tho church, cmbosonio.l in troos, stjinda tho tnodcst rociideuco of tho Arcli- binliop, n low,3qtl!iro-r(iofcd hniisi-, yet cumfurt.ihio in its appointments. St.Iiunifaco Cidlo^'o isboliiud, Tho buildinr;s uro constructed of tho croiim- colourod ftono found near by, and which is uiid so I'xtonsivelv in Winnipof;. Tho chnicli is of inddorn build, croctod in ISui), la i-\iecooil tliO oriijinal church then burnt. It ha.s a famous chimo of bolls, first sent out from Loni'.uii to tl o old church, destroyed when tho churcli was burnt, iho trajinients coUcutod and pent b:ick to London for recasting, atjain sent out, and, after nicetin:' va-.'ious mishaps, linally safuly brou;,dit overland by ox teams from 8t. Paul on tlioMisjii.isipjii ris-or. They aro known hero as tho " travellin;; bells of Ht. iSonifaco." liut tho mnr,t intorcstinu' part > f tho placo is the gravo of Kiel in tlio churchyard. It is a flat gravo enclosed by a pb'.in wooden f;'nr^^, with a cro.ss, also oi wood, stuck in f l:o ground anil bi'aring tho words " Lnuis I'avid itiol," without; other mark, His widow, who recently died, is iiitorrcd alongside without any mark, and, in fuet, tho graves show no ovidenoo of i.ny e:\ro being taken of them. Tho death of Uiel l.iy tho cxtromo penalty of tho law, wliiLi .still a cause of great irritation among tho French of Lnvor Canada, has probably cndod all prospect of Fremh lialf-breod domination in any part of tlio Xortli- AVust, where tho English ndo, mainly through tho instrumentality of tho Canadian r.icilic Il.iilway, L;ia now ostablLshsd its supremo authority. X.— oi'EXixfi A NFAv ^o^xT^:^". BINSCAl'.TH. JIAXITOBA. SrrT. 3. Tlio fertile and attractive province of Manitoba, over which wo havo been going, extends westwards from Winnipeg about 188 miles by an air lino to tho boundary of tho North- West Terntur}'. 'Jy tho winding liuo of the Canadian I'acilio Ilailway tho distance to this boundary is about '-'11 miles west from Winnipeg. Tho land for the whole dislanco is a prairio, Boraetimcs rolling, but jirescTiting throughout the same characteristics of rich fertilo Boil and tho ability to support an almost limitless [>• I'Ulat.ion. This great wlieat-gr..wi',g :.rn\ c:!-,,.'.- raising prairie west of tho Ked River Valley is tho country to tho development of which tho best energies of Canadian Btatesmanship are now direc*-id Tho method of doing this in practice I havo partially explained in describing the now railways that are being extended through Southorii and South- Western Manitoba, liut prubably tho" best exhibition that can bo given of tho restless Kpirit of enterprise that animates tho pioneers on tho Canadian frontier and tho capitalists, both in this country andr-yn England, who furiiiuh tho means for carrvit4' 'out tho vast plans of coloniza- tion and Bettleniont that aro entertained for tho new country is shown in tho coniitruclion of tho railway th.atisgoing through North- V.tstern Mani- toba to the wilderness bevond. Wo resuiuo our jnurney westward Irom Winnipeg upon tho Canadian I'aeilic route over tho level prairio north- ward of tho .VhMiniboin Kiver, It is a luoiiotonous, trceio;3 expanso whereon largo cattlo herds aro ro.aiuing, palclies of tho gra.ss having been burnfc ovi r, and, after traversing o() miles, wo come to tho vill.i;'li enterprise. It takes no email amount of energy to build a first-class rail- v>ay through an almost unexplored wilderness, but knowing that this route led into a country ol great fertility this road has been undertaken, Tho '• Manitoba and North-Western Railway " has b.-'cn laid out north-wostwardly from Portage La Prairio towards Prince Albert, following in general the route of tho trail above mentioned, and already the construction has proceeded to tlia v.eitcrn boundary of Manitoba. This company v.as originally started by tho lato Sir Hugh Allan, of Montreal, and hi.9 family and relatives aro now its chief promoters. At tho close of tho present season tho expectation is that loO miles will bo completed, including tho difficult crossing of tho Asainiboin River, at tho western boundary of Jlauitoba, and its confluent streams, and to-dny 15'J miles of tho route aro actually completed and in running order, with tho grading about finished to tho termination of tho new lino contemplated for this season. Tho intention is to eontinuo building the railway at the rate of about CO niiloa annually until Prince Albert is reached, Tho I'ominion Government encourage this onterpriso with a subsidy of C,400 acres of land for each mile completed, and tho company has negotiated a loan in England at tho rate of §14,(jt)0 per niilo (tho niortgaco also iucludiuir all tho equipment Opcnin.cj a New Country. 23 and tlio unsold Imifls) at 5 jicr cent, inturost for I Bvo yoiir», uiul nftirwftrds iit C jjor uoiil. Tlio pvoi'ouda of hmds i.okl ^;<) lii'Ht to iik ot iiitortbt Biid iifturwurdH for tlio rodoniijtion of tho iiriiaii.ul of tlio (lulit. Tho piesoiit lan ■ of tliirt loiiii is i.';!!t(),()00,ftncl (Hi()U;,'h liiiida arc ulicudy told to juy tliis yiiiir'H iiiturc'st. To t'xuiiuuo Hio laitlioil i.t Dpciidiig tlio now ccmiilry 1 wuut on this lino out to the eni' of tho tiuilv. Tiiu routo lu'-iiiM ut TortiHio Lit rrftitio, mid ia Inid iiiion tiio level prairio eouth of Liiku JMiinitobii, followiiij; u|i tl.o v.'illi'y of u Hli-L-am of oxccfdinp j civcibily mid crooh(,'dii08H whirh is an idlUiimt of that liiki' and IH known hy tlin not very taking titlo of tliu \S hilo Mud Itivcr. Tho chiinntl of tins ^(rl!aI!l is biMii; drod^jud np to tho railway eo that navij^atJon iiiaj' bo carried on connictiii); tl'.o railway wuli tho lako rvnd its oxtituHivo fystoin of intonor walti'.-, this im|>rovcmont boinf; a (iovornmcnt cntcriirii-o. I'lio Crst station of iniportanco on this now railway i.-i rainod Ohidstono, Btiindmf; en tho Wliito ]Mi'.d llivor sonui ],'10() miles from Montreal. It i:) a villai^o of alioiit 70 houses, and has u vtukly riinv.'i- papor, it is B.^id of decided Tory ] roclivitio.'- — tho (lUuJsionc Agv. Tho original nan.o of this nearly now town was Paloritine, hut tho popular foelinj; was so strongly shown a^'aini't thi.'i coj^no- nion that Ciladstono was substituted. ft lia.-i ii fiiio station and rofrcslnuent room, a big water tanli, and tho most viporcua winilmill on tho lino vas engaged in doing tlio luimping when wo pas,- ed ■ along. It ■will jirobably bo gratifying to .Mr. Olaiistono to know that ono Manitoba wheatTi^l I ut his town has this year jiroduced a croii iiver.-.g- jug of) busliols to tho aero. Tho general average of this region, however, in about 25 buiihehi this eeason, though tho grain is unusually heavy, weighing 021b. to Colb. per bushel. Tho routo beyond Gladslono passes into a Tvooilod rogion, and goes through tho County of tho Ikautiful Plains. Thero is upon the ; urfai o of tho country a most unusual formation. A broad, level, fra.in-covered plain strcitches north- vard as far as tho oyo can tee, bordered u| nn cither hand by timber, ono side being poplar ai.d tho other side chiefly oak. Tho rowa of timber aro about '-',000 feet apart, and this rtretches norlli- ivard, it is Biid, for 40 miles. It looks like a iiroad race-courr.o cut out of a low fore.^t, ai^,v.as formerly a favourite resort of tho bulValo. ' 'J'ho l.and is poor and tho soil chielly gravel. Tho rail- way traveraos this plain for about tlireo miles and then by a bend leave; it, suddenly going into an entirely diii'eront region of rolling wooded jrairio developing far to tho northward into tho i.eavily timbered ridgoa of tho Kiding jMountain."!, which loom up at tho horizon. This is a tino country, with rich soil, and ono of tho best wheat-growing fection.s of Mani- toba. Tho Bottlementa iiro frequent, ::jh] v,o conio to tho little station of Neei'awa, which in tho liguracivo language of tho Creo Indian big- nides " abundance." This ia a small vilii'ge sot on tho sido of a hill, crowned by the most protontious building of all, which wo nro told is tho Court-liouso. At almo.it all tho olations there aro taU grain elevators readj' to receivo the wheat crop of tho country, each elevator bearing tho nanio of its owniT in huge hitters th.-it can bo seen for at lc."."t a niilo acro>!i tlio prairie. Ogilvie, tho enterprising miller of fliontreal and several other town;>, has the most of theso eleva- tors thus dropped among tho Jlanitol a wh-'-at- us droppct Tlio railw; iiy ascends heavy gr fields. tho moro ronioto but higher tablc-lanils of t!;o Worth-West »nd approaches thn Littlo Saskatcho- wni I'iver. Tho town of Minimiinsa was hwi(f«,l in this ro;,'ion before tho railway came aloiig, (ho fait that tlio North- Western trail crossed tho river fi 111 at this place galluTing two or three cabiiiH. I'he railway canio through in 1883, ond tho littlo sottli'inent has expi'.iulcd to a town of o thoucand po'ple, which i:i steadily growing. Theso far I . r ,'.:•■' iUern rivers pass throu;^h the crairio iu ^ocp gorgeH, iiiid it has taken bkillul engUuriMig to make this ero.ssing. Tho railway buihie.'H si'iiieh the country ndjaeent to the rivers tor a long <( u'l'.'. This is the scoured out valley of an ex- Iniet triliiuary stream, *nd by availing itself of the notch thus cut into tho sidn of the gorge, vhicli fioinetimes extends for miles away from tho stream, tlio railway route is BUceessfiiUy carried over. Tho I.itllu .Saskatchewan IJiver is a iijirow and winding Htrenni, subject to heavy fre.'hriB, and it In lugs down u vast number of h gs to give oicupalion to tho Minnedosa saw-mills. Tlio town ia tot in a basin, surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills, and as tlio railway r'ses again on the other side a grand view is given over the river valley and tho town below. Tho railway cliiiib.s up tho grade to an elevation of alout; l/.'OOft. aliovo tho sea to get upon tho higher table- land beyond, tho routo being carved out of tha hillside ci niioserl of mucli gravel and boulders. I'h'.ro .ari' little lakes upon this elevated prairio, and wild birds abound, for tho sportsman lias not yet done much in this remote region to disturb tliiiii. Tho Ehooting is very good — ducks, geei-o, plt^ver, grouse, jirairio chickens, snipe, and other birds being ahundant. There is consi bushels from tho very good crop j'.i:-t 1 arvestcd. Thus wo run out along i\\\^ railway, .and finally get upon tho new truck which has just been laid and is still un- ballasted. Sloving carefully down another cruu'r^ we eri'ss tlie valley of I'ird-tail Creek, an afHui ut of tho A.';!".iniboiii, and beyond this go up to tho to]> (jf tho hill again to tho station for tho vi!l;;r,o oi L.Ttle, which has CCO people living down in tl o valley along tho creek, llero is cjiio of tI;o 1 onnniiii I'lnigratieii olliccs, ond sh.eltcr finds fir tho arriving aettler who has no plaeeforti iii] o- deii towards lary refugo. Jsext tl.ero cimios dilhcult engineering to cany the lino i.cross the AEsiniboin andtwo or three Etroanis that flow into it. Broud. oirv. and 24 A Ca- adian Tour. r:iUu r Klftrtli. K tJM'ii'r trr^ll" hi'l(l(,'is carryit ovn- ill- .1 ;!:( (lilli'ullii'M cf ('(iii'tntcticM f uuiiin' In (V pruirlo oonnlrv iiuKo it ii contly lino to lui..'. Tlio i:i;riiiLerH tiiku tlio rind ovii' llio tiilviir O ". Ic, a ilicji vttllo.v, by n i oiuIithuh imd lotty troi' Jo brifl^'u, niid us tliny mo tliin iit nil rtiiTution of IK urly "J Jit. ulovo tlio AiHiiiiliin riMii lilt/ sviik I. '' I ; coiitC'c tx> cnrry tlio lino tldwii. ft 1* ♦hi oji^li tl.il', .lolmson'H ciu'ie, tiiiit tlio biiililiia uvc ji •'., vorUiri;:, niiil wo g(i mit oviT tlio uiibiillniitii.l ,.ilH hut h.'ivo jiifiij^ liuil wiiidinL' rniliiiiikiiont foi- tho rnilwny v.'uii cnC into tho liilh.ido of tiio n ittfc ns fnr ns lyo tonld ceo, fjrndunlly dcscondiii^' to tlio Assinil-oin, wliiili (low.s tliiou^h ft hroiid and dicji vnlhywi'in into niyrinda oi Ji^^-llI■^H hytlKBo iibnndnncd ftrcnni- btiis V. liitli run in ovcy dirii'ti( n, wliilu ltchI b.'iro ruiind-toj'i t(l hills rico hiyh nhovo. 'Iho brown uinis nnd tho r.ti'cii nnd roi:i:dod fornmlicnB f;ivo Ihu r.oi'no luuoh tlio aji[nnriinru of a bit cut out of tho i^cottiih ll:;.rhlai;(l.f. V. o j.mfid .Tohni-on's littlo cabin and eiiw hiiii niiiliin;; bii'cow, iinKiij;liilii-,iin v.liu hiid not Ion;,' !if;o oomo out to itttlo in tho mw counlry, nnil piivo his namo to tliia f;rrat CKidh'. 'Jhnii, an wc moved iilonj; down tho ravino tlio varionn prooisi-oB woro rccu that cciilributo to jionipluto a now inilway. AVo hud conio frrni tho md of tho iinlialli.Ktod triicic, and in n sholnrod iionk found tho tomporary village of jart of tl o railway buildorsi, who woro tncamiH J in ttnta like (ill army. I'licru wrro ox-toaiiis, waj^ona, nnd Lorpos in luri^o nuinbcrp, biL-iily at work uiilciulii!;' th'8 nnd tiiiibi'r from tlio coiiftrmticin train just iiliuad, to carry them forward tn tho buildora. In thin verit.'dilo Arab villaf;o thoy tnid tlioy woro trotting good living, ns siipjlica were abundant and clu'iip, bcof coating but Hid. to 'Id. i or lb., butter Cd.. e>if{8 od. per dozen, nnd milk "^d. per ouart. The end of tho teleiMap.h wiro wa."* curried into one of tho tints to nuiko u temporary othee, wliilo beyond tho polea wcvo beii.f; pet up and tho wires Btrelchfd for a fuither e.xtenrdon of tlio lino. Pusiaiif? tho construction train, which was fending n steady procession of teams forward with timber and ties, wo came upon tlio " fipikin;; ('aiii;B," who wero ff.rtenin;^ tho nev.ly-lnid rnila to tho tieii.aiid then in front of Ih.om to tho " raij- layi ra," who wero moviii;; their carlond of rails f. rvvard and carryii :; out. rail after rail on each fide to lay upon the ties, which atrotched out in a Ion;,' row before ua. At Bomo distance nheud, tho ind of tho row of tics was reached whoro men v.vro arrar.fiin^' uioro of thoni in order, from tho piles which tlio teams depiosited at tho roadEido. In advaneo of this thcro was onl}- the Krude^l line, \,il!i frequent little bridges nnd trcbtlcs which tho car] onteni wero comjdeting. Then further on woro piio drivt rs setting tho piles that wero to givo tecuro founchition for mi.ro trcstlen, and, finally, wo camo to nnotlur villago of tents, where a brig.'ido of men W( ro building n hnjto treatlo ti(X) feet long. Tho railway had been laid out along t!ie c «,'rc for several iiiik'S, and now at a favuur- tkbiu uoint turned to crocs it by this ureut treatlo bridij'o, B yonil, tho oii|;iiu;orii wero ndjusting tho aurfaeo if ■ he crad.i. wl'l"li jitill iiriiC"-'dod down- ward towards tho Apninilicin. \Vo drove oloti|; till) n ugh nnd uneven liillsido road, worn into ruts by thu ti anin^ at times in danger of idij'pinj» down into the railway cuttings, and finally cunio out of tho cinUe to n point v. hero (hero was a good view over tho wide valley of thu Ai linib'in, funowed with knolls niiu fiaaureH, n; retchiie^ far away on either hand, with tho idgo of thu tablo-laiid high above us. It is a punll ni.il tortuous Btrenm, chieliy emjdoyid to bring logu down lo a piiw-ii'.ill busily at woik in tho vnlley. 'J'he foliage ill juat begiiinilij.' to si inv tho nulun.il tints, and the dying grais lir.a turWuI brown froni tlui I'.roiight that covira all flio ri ads with (liiat. ]''ar away on tho other aide boundary into tho Korth-Vi'ist Teniiuiy, uml tl vernl huiiilreds of nun being busily at work. Tiiis ero;.iing of tho Assiidboiii, nnd tho dilUrult tpproaehes to thu dettiy worn bid oClhorivir from tho olovated lable-i.uids on either side, it ia fidd will co.st i'l.'0U,(,i(;O to conrtruct, uUhougli thero aro no rock cuitinus. Me turn back and drivo up to tho tops of (ho hillfi, seeking tho famous farm ol Jiinaearth. On the way, lakes aro pnBscd with 11 il;;y (d eu.and wo nti)p for a liltio abooting, Thoy team wall wild ducks and Boviral are bi.vged, also a pr.drio chicken or two. Evtryono in this country takes his gun when lio geea about, aiiii thus varies tho tiiiio with a little rport. Keaihiiig tho farm, which belc'iiga to tho fctottisli t'ntario end i\Ianitoba I/md t^'iupiu-.y, an elaborato catablialiinont is found, with largo herda of valu- ablo cattle, chi cp, and piga, nnd about 4,W{) ucxes under cultivation or uaed for eattlo rangeu. Tho wheat crop jiuit l.arvealed aveiages 40 busliels to tho aero. Tiio thoroughdireda have taken fri quent prizea, and, in fact, are (ho niopt valuable herd in tho Morth-Weat, thero biing £00 of them, mostly pure Ilurhams. This e.'^tabliahnient has all been Ui.ido in tho paat four years, tho conipuuy iiwiiiu;,' lit), (100 ftcren of land and having invested lu land and buildinga .?i:!ri,0(X1. They liavo complotu biiililiugs for tho form, and ore making a great impression upon tiio neijdibouring country by their success ns cattle-breeders. Tho colony at tho farm aro Ontario pooplo and Scotch, There ia to bo established hero next Boason one of Dr. Harnardo's Homos for I'estituto Children, DIK) boys be ing sent out from London to learn farm woiK. This enierprito is promised ?l,(iUO bonus by tho local (ioverniueiit and i;,000 acres of land, and it is thought will do much good by providing faria labour where it ia gieat!;. needed. All these resuRa have been accompliahe'. by strcLcliinp out tha railway hito this attractive and fer!.ilo regii n, where pretty much all tho lands are already t;ikelj up. In fact, tlie frontier has been removed far bc< yond.by tho anticipation of more railway building, fho loealion of tho route into tho I^■orth-^Ycsti TeiTitory has caused aottlers to flock thither, and thuB when tho ^Manitoba and North- Wostern Hail- way has boon puahed to ci;nijdetion to its prt eontl intended terminus at Prince Albert, on the North i^askatchewan lUver, nearly ijOO niilosfrom Vi'inni- jxg, it ia probable that tho onward march of aetlle- nient may thentempt it.s entorp'riaitig build.era ati.ll fiirthfi- to e.-'-.tend tho line, until it reaches thl» hyperborean rgaioiia u« by the Arctio citcls. Entcrin,!:» tlio fJrefit Nortli-Wcst Territory. "1 XT.-ENiEIlINa THR GHKAT NOKTH- WKST TKIMJITOKV. INDIAN IIKAD.NOIlTir-WKrtT TKRHITOIlY.SrPT.fl, In jiro;»r('SHinj{ wi'Stwiinl throii^?li Mnnitolin nnd hnyonil tlioro in tho ^linrjioit contraRt nonn btw twcon tho old HyHtmnH Hint privuiliid in tins country and tlio nmv mullioda introdiu'cd by tlio ndvtiit of llio riiilu'uy. Tlmntlio UudHon'HliiiyCuin- puny wttd tlio ruliiif,' jmwor, nnd it« storoa nnd tniiiHportntion routcH nnd linen wcro nliuofit tho only nionna of trndin;t, fniij.;htiii;,', nnd trnv(d. The wholo ri)(,dnn was Ldoiiidy kui)t by tlio trndora, tho •ctllomonts bidn^; HpnrHo nnd tho kno\vl(v!;;o of Iniids and avnilnbility that (mnapod oiitnidu boinni;iincd tluia niitil tliia diiy. I'l rliapfiifc vns n bhrowil biifiinosa policy in tho lIuilson'H I'ny C'om|)iiny to tluia junloUNly picmrvo ita lucrativo ti'ndiii;^ monopoly, but it was not ftvi>ry f,'ood tliiiif; for oprnini; tho country. Tho Rnio of tho coni- pnny'n Hov(T(i;,'nty nnd mo:!t of ita Imik'.h to tho J'oiiiinion soiiio IS y.^nra n;;o prcpnri'd tiio wny for Jtndorniiuin^' tho C'iiini'so ■.vnll, nnd tho coniiiifr in ct tho now railway tlirun yonra n;,'0 throw it down r.ltOj,'i>thL'r. ThiH niado a wondfrful chni.(;o in tho f rnnaiiortation nnd tradiii",' syHti'ina, nnd hna ( aiiaud tho cntlro ri!,'.;ioii to ho ovurnm by prospoc- tora and land buyon', Ro that ctttloment ia boconi- iii'4 (;oni'ral, and littlo villa';i's aro npriiifjin;,' up at niniost all tlif railway atations woatward from ^Vinllipl')J for a 1 iii;; di-taiico. Tho C;>.nadan I'aoitio ];aiiway main lino pasna tlirou^jh Mnnitolin ncrons Iho ]irairio west of ^Vinni].r■}{ towanla tlui valley of tho Aiir.iniboin river, liio aurl'aPO j;radually than'.'in^ from a dead hivol to roUinf; land. At lirandon, a town of about 1,800 people, largely Bottled by English coloiufll,8, thu Assiniboin ia criiB.^od, Thi.s town ia tho contro of n prolifio v.-hoat-growin^' fcction. Tho railw.iy roaiJies tho WO: tern limit of Manitoba nt .a point nbont I'll niilo:i from Winniper; nnd l,Ci'H inilea wet-t of Montreal. Near hero ia a littlo f,(;ition callod I'lemiiiK, named in honour of Sandford Flem- inir, formerly eufiincor of tho Canadian (iovernment railway:", and nlway" n ptron^' ndvocato of tlu'po improvements, who is now director of tho (Janndiaa racitlo lino. A plea ant drive of 45 miles across country from tho untiiiiHliod ond of tho Mnnitoba nnd \ortli- \Vo3tc>i-n llaihvay townrda tho aouth-west took us to tho C.aiadian Pacific road a_ain attholittlo station of Mooaoniin, n villai^o of probr.bly iUH) inhabi- tanta, a short diataneo beyond tho Manitoba boundary. This trail between tho railwnya crosao.s a lijvol prairie KLHiernlly without treea, nnd haa to travorsu tho broad valley of tho As.niniboin'^ whioli in scoured into (;rc.at rnvinoa nnd fistiures, between which flows, ncrosa tho level lloor of the dopros- (.ion, a nnrrow and crooked Rtroam. Tho view from tlio od^'o of this dooplj--carved valloy is very lino, its timhorod sides f,'ivinf,' it a greener huo than tho brown moors of tho borderinf; prairio, jiarchcd by tho summer droufjht. The Qu'Appello nvor, which Bttaincd notoriety darinf» tho rebellion laat year, flows in from its doep tributary valley somo dis- tanco to tho northward, whilo off to tho south, towarda lirandon, tho valley nppcara to widen pud tho hills becoino lower, iu the toret;iuuuu au tho top of tho procipitftiia hill aro tho wfilto an* prayiafi l)iiildini;H of tho lindNon'a Hay ''oinpany'ii poMt of I'ort IsUii-o, ita Rturehotuo boinj' down aloiijiRido the river. ITern tho ^jront North- \Vo tornl trail crosfiea the AHiiniboin by a nido ropo forry, j and hero in former timeaeamo tho romiinny's bonlii' ! from \Viiiiii()Of;, bouio i.evi ii hundred niiloa by tho cro' kf Aaainiboia. Tho lino ia laid ncroaa tho Icvi I jirairie, and hero wo lir.-it encountered tl.o *' mounted police," who aro tho Btundin;; nnr.y of the far Norih-Wcat. Tin se neat and trim cnv.ahy- m;'n in '^Iieir acarh^t uiiiforma and top-boots mam- tain order thron/^hout the Territory, and were t'i ! great porvico diiriuf; tho lato rebellion. They : enforce th.o exeiao re gnlationa, there briiif; a ].ro- I hibitory liquor law in thia region, and all arriving; traiiia aro inaneetod to gunrd against tho ciaiidea- ; tine importation of spirits nnd beer. At prcsoni; I there is an agitation to have tl'O law rcla-xed so na to admit beer. We aro in tho Indi^'n land, nnd tho Sioux nnd Crocs from tho numerous reserves near the railway conio out to tho titatious to ex- hibit themselves and sco if anything of vnlee to them will turn up. They aro n mrry lot gi nerally, nnd although tho (l(n'ernmeiit feeds thiin while on the naervea, the)' love to wanderav.-ay and put out th.oir toop tua is dolivercd to tho United StateH railway.''', in Ui7 hours. A etcond ship, with I'H.IK paeka-eu of teas and other goods, arrived at I'ort flluidy a few day.s ago, and tho train passing us wa.«i earrying part of litT carfjo, thirteen earH laden with teas. Tho entire ccnBigiiment will occupy livo rr fix throuf^h trains. Threo other ve.>isel.«i, with CO,0(K.) I^acka^jef:, arj crossing tlio I'acilic, tho t,vo cnr;,ocs boing of an n^'fjreecto value of £400, IKX). A sixth cargo is now bcinj; arranged for, tho intention boing to start tho fl.ip from Shanghai, calling at Japanese ports, Tho delivery of this freight is Bcconiplished ahead of tho other transcontinental routes by nuA ii g tho tna trains at a tpeed of about 20 miles un hour, which, added to tho fact that tho lino acrons Canada is tho shortost, gives tlio shipper niueh ndvantngo. Compared witii tho Suez Canal route, tho saving in time to Montreal and New Wik is 2.") to C!o days, besides tho advantage of avoidir.ij traiiRliipnient at New York, which saves botli exj ciise and daniapo. Tho freightage to tho rail- way is about £100 per car, making £'J5,U0() or ini;ro for tho whole sLipnient now tn rcu!c. Tho dL-stribution for tho Vestern States is made from AViiiiupcg by tho railways leading Eouth«a.d, ■while the Kastcrn consignments, as above stated, nro delivered at Drockville, on tho St. Lawrence, ,'.ist bohnv Lake Ontario, whence they pa^s to tho .'sew York Central railway syeteni. This is t!;o c.^rly devolopnient of a new trade route half-way arrund the world that may boconio very im- portant. It is on the rich soil of tho Qu'Appcllo Valley that the (Jauadian Pacitic Itailway passes for trn milrs through tho •' Boll Farm," which Js lelieved to ho tl'o li'igest farm of contiguoiui ti .-liti ; V ill tlio world. It co\er« a eurfaco of r.l.out 1(0 Kpir.ro miles, a few Ftctier.s of ncbiad laiidii in I arts i>f tho tract, however, not beinj^ owned bv tho company. In the centre of the farm ill tho r.'iilway Ktation of Indian Head, so called fr* ni a curious hill on ono of tho Indian reservi H mar it on the sipuii »«' '. This is about l.T't) niile.i wci't of Montreal, tho lands having bun .Mirfully Helected before tho railway was built, but iu "iinticipatioii of its ci nslruction, the routo hftvii'g bi'eii then locutod. This great farm e()n- tainii ^;!,^.^7 acres, bought from the Canadian CoverntiRiit, the railway, and the Hudson'n Hay Coniiiuny. no that there were tliUH oblaineil all tho r.cctionii'in 'ho tract. The comimnv w.is incorpo- rate d in iXS'J, by Canadian and "Itritish sharo- hidders, the intention being to break up and jTi ) are for cultivation about 1.0.(H.;{) ac.is, half of wiiich w to be Buninuir-fallowiil every year, an '. at the md of live yi-aro to divide the intate into niiall funis and mil. Tho original capital waa Xl'.O.'dO, and the hharel.ohitrD have paid up £10,(100, whilo £30,(H six ter cent, debeiituria have been i.>sucd. Ko diviudids have yet been 1 aid, as largo expcndituren have bi en made nc- (ord.:i:g to iho oiigii al plan, and it v, i'.;< f liougho hist to re-invest ptoliti. rathir 1l an call nddiiioiml hharo paynu'iits. Tho A'orth-\Vi wt reliellioii last; year inlerlered v.ilii tho farm work, as the tci.ni,. Were all in use for trantp.ort service to the rrnu to legion whiro Kiel's forces were located, a)id this \< ar the lirtught has poniewhat curtailed the wluat yield, but it is (8tinu.t(-d at about lit) bui'hLls to tie atre, the threshing being yet incmi Icto. Till re wire &,i)(jO acres under cron this year, and luxt ^"llSl n abi ut 10,0*10 acres will bo eultivateiJ. Several larnis have this sea.^' )ic wly-arrivod colonists, the !■ '.'ym. per acre for nniniprovcd land, and £3 to £0 n.-". for l.ind that has been broken and back-set and got tl.orouehly ready for cultivation. Tliepri si- dent {f tho company uays that w ith fair croi;* hereafter they expect to' nut aside £,^,tKiO sinlr- ing fund annually to reiiccm tho debinturen, and pfy 8 per cent, dividends, whilo the dipposaJ of tho lands— tlio larger part of the tnict being held on speculation — will give a return on capital [iccount. They have built a flour mill, and expect liereaftcr to grind all their wheat, thus savin,'? freight clia-;.-es and boing cnableii to use tho refufio in t..0UJUg cattlo and pigs, those in futuro luakinc frr.a Uieir Ealss an important item in tho iiiii'.uai returri.s. The labour ijuestion, formerly an important ieneiit, both astocostand the difliculty of obt.vi,./v '.ibourers, has been solved by the cni- jloymeul . t Indians, no less than li'O Sioux having tlii.s year aided in gathering tho harvest. To liisist tho agricultural prospects of this section it is the intention next spring to open a collo^jo ia a building just erected at a cost of about £2.400, and to receive pujjils, under tho name of thoAlhany College, called after tho late Duke of Albany, This will be under the prrroual supervision c>f I'rofcsFor Tanner, so well known in connexion with ugri- Uultiire, 1 niado a survey of a part of this groat farm, ridin'4 over tho rich black soilandBceingthcthresh- ing ] recesses. Tho wheat fields, just harves-ted, ftr. tched as far as eye could see from one jointk of ol St rvatiou, whilo in another region tho pUaigh- ing had turned the blAck soil over m tho process of summer-fallowing, so tliat tho square miles of land to bo ] ut down in next year's wheat crop would he ready tor caily seeding in April, T'horo wero 2i)0 bi en sold off to rir.s being about The Com in!? I^Ictrnpolis of t fiiiin'ra rf Atucriiii, i.f Tijo cixiKiridiico (iiid LTi'ftt nl>ility. Ho ti'lle I'ui tlmt, in V(irlcin); tlio IuimI, tho very cnn fnl rk('rn\ititH I;' lit rliow t)iiit it cohfn iiliout 8s. i pr ncro to rriijinaliy brciik lip nnd hnckrot, wliilo RftcrwiiriiH tlo j>l(ni;4Min,' for tlio Clop is worth nbout "s. \ (]iu'ntly (liipiiid on tho yiohl. Tliry (;t't iil'ont .'l.i. to ;)s. V^il. per Imshol nt tho riiilw!iy nt pri'siiit, vliik' thi ir froi^;ht olmrpo to Moiiticul is In. -M. jicr hiishol, Hy turiiin^j tho wheat into fK nr, f^r which thoro is iigood donmnd in tho oxtrrmo Is'i r)!> ■NVont, tho prt tit is f,'tTuter, nnd tho rrfti?o fiittms tho cfittlo mid liojjs, which iiro (ilwnyH in deiiiiMi-di\ isinn tho lu>t jiit'tl.od of ecoiioiiiical workin);, each Fninil form l!aviii)» its own outfit of hnrfes and n'lul.iiu ir, Iho whole being mpi rvi.^ed by forvnun, t udi *i whom over' 'ohs a number of lho^■o Hniall f;iiinM. 'J'liG build^j.^H and eijiiij nient of thi.i threat fiirm iiro of tho most eoninlido eharaclor, and it is oiio (if the inptitiitioiiB of Ciinnda. Tho fertile sril 1ms been fovind to exti ml to p-eat depths in t!:o (Jn'Appello Valley, tho boring of avtepiim wella baviiiK broD^'ht ni> tho sanio rich bind: lonni as ia wn tho fnnioiis " No. 1 haril," which yields tho be.'-t fl^ ur kncwn, nnd this year has euch plump berries tl.i.t it woi^dis from ri21b. to Ordb. jier bufhel. Such is tho " fertile belt " on tho future development of whicli Canada LaECs such {jreat hopca. XII.— THP] C0MIN(! :\IETR'IP0LTS OF THE NOI'TII-WK-T. REGINA, NORTHWK.ST TEllKITORY. FrrT. 7. Tho 8\irvoy wo have mado of the great fertile bolt of Manitoba ai:d tho Nortli-Wost Territory naturally directs attention to tho inducenienta otl'orod by tho Dominion (iovonimont to settler;!. Tho Canadian homostoad policy is a nioro f;ivour- aldo ono than that of tho United. States. In t'anuda tho hoad of a family, or any nialo person 18 years of ago, is ontitlovi to a homestead. In tho States tho limit of ago is 21 years. Tho Canadian entry may be mado for any quantity not exceeding 100 acres in any land open therefor, whether within or without tho railway belts, tho (*von- numbored sections, comprising somo 80 millions of Bcro8,boing held by tho Govornment for homocteads or for Bale. In tho States, within tho niilway belts, a settler can only got 80 acres for a homo- Btead, whilo tho pre-emption system has been aboli.ihed. Canada, howovor, pormita tho settler to pro-ompt ICO acres more Three veais' re- lidonco Kirei tho ncttlor his Canadian land patent, while iivu ,v ir.s' ro.iidonco is nocoss^iry in tliu t'ilates, t.'anaila permits a Bocoud lioniehtead entry, but this is not perniittod in tho Stat. a. Th 'Canadiiiii sy.stoin also allows conimutation by piircha"i> aft IT one year's reiideiioo, I tind, nftot cinsiderclilo olisorviition and imiuiry, that tho cliii'f settlors ill this roi^ion come from Ontario and aro of Scotch descent, whilo many Scotch also eomo over from tho old country, Tiicrn aro also roino Mi.|,1in1i and (icrmans. Tho rno7cmcnt is not larf^o, but is a steady ono, each railway train briiiijini; in fiu-iilica or pro.ipectors, who drop < it' at Olio stntii.n or another and fjo into tho interior. There ii ab^o tho Ufiual pioneer movement seen in n " 'i- countrioa, where rivitloss folk rottlo on the fronli'r, and, an it moves ohead, progress with it. Tiiey pride themselves on being in advance of civili" r ition, and may in tho course of a few years, by Buri'e-..-ivo westward stages, start ft half-dozen nenr n'tllements. It is astonishing to find theso pooplo pl.intiiig thoinPc lvo9 in all sorts of out-of-thc-way ibices, reiuoto from any communication, and lieiico it is thiit whenever a new r.iilway is pro- jected there aro always Boftlomonts miles nlieajj that want it to Come alonp. This now country, however, sufTers from drawbacks, and all is not ol ro.=oato hue. Tho long drouth this year hai curt.viled, and in somo cases entirely destroyed, the crops, mnny Holds of wheat and oats being left uncut beeauso they would not pay fot barver.ting. As ono sturdy settlor who had been in t'lo bottom lands of yu'AppoUo Valley for tha pa'it four years described it, " Wo have mora iteaiiy HUii,''hino probably than any o'.b.er placo nnd too litllo ruin ; 1 am afraid tho Rockies steal, t!i ) rain that oii'.,dit to como to iia." In fact, there had 111 en no i-ain to speak of in this region foi^ nearly tlireo months until two days ago, when ciipioiis rhowors began falling, and now tho richi and sticky soil is almost as bad ns tho dust was. It clings to one's shoos and becomes so slippory that Ineomotion iD ditlicult. The tomperaturo, too, which had burnt everything up, being abovo KWdi'g. freipiently during tho hot spell, changeii in one ni'.'ht with tho east wind that brought tho r.iiii to 4;)ileg., and in a fow hours tho foliage pub on it;i autumn tints. I am told that tho range of temperature hero frr>m actual observation has been during tho past y .ir from 5sdeg. below zero in tho winter to itnideg. abovo during tho summer. This means both exci'Msivo cold and oppressive heat, i»nd tho inliiibilants complain very much of their inability to k 'cp warm in winter. Tho great heat and dror.th of tho rummer, by curtailing the crops, havo c.aut'ed much distress anion" tho poorer classes of farmers, irany of whom will havo to bo helped through in some way. They generally havo taken up nvre land than they can care for, and b' ug un;iblo to pay tho pre-emption prices aro now pleuiiug for an extension of time. Lind s; eculat'.on hns been carried on upon tboso prairies to an e.ncoEsivo degree, nnd ono form of it ivis be 'n the making of town sites. All along tho r;iilw:'.j' lines are located magnificent town plots l.iunod upon a scalo of grandeur that includes oad avenues and public squares, and stretching liver much surface. The prices of eligible corner bi^s aro high., and tho only thins wanting about thorn is tho inhabitants. Hur.'ieds ol theso embryo towns aro loo.\tod alont; the railways through Manitoba and beyond, with a fow littlo wotideii houses rcattcrcd about, and much intcr- r.U'di;ito vacancy that can be occupied at high, liL'urca that astonish tho residents of tho older fi ■ 28 A CiUKidian Tour, Ciiiiadian cities. Thus aro cnoiinous fortunes mmlo - oil jxiper, and thus ulso iiro inlciulin^' Bottlora of iniidenito moans fioiiuuntly fri^l.tiued o)T. In our Btiridy uosiuarJ jounay t>vtrtlio prairie wo luwo con'o to a tortuous littlu Btroiini,nu!aiulLr- iufi upon Liio Burfaco towards tlio iiortliwe.stwiird, I'iillcd ukjbi, curiously tlio " Pilu of lioues llivtT,'' or in Indian piirliiuco tho AVotu.iiia. It lloivs into tho l^u'Apello Uivur. about L'O miles from lu'giua, and near it is located tliia town, wliioii is ibo capital of tho Koi't,h-V\'eiit Territory. About half-way over to itsi mouth a trail cro.sKcs, Ic.id- in;' far away to tho northward, which was travelled by nmny Indians in tho buffalo liuntiuf^ days, who fjeuorally cucaniped at thu cros.-iinjj to kill and proparo for tho winter tho animals they hr.d capUu:cd. In eoiUiU of timo thero accumulated n fjroat mound of buffalo bones, wliitencd with Ufje, and theso gavo tliu namo to tho f.troam. Tho jirosaio settlors who liavo succeeded thu Indi.".ii.s liav* carried oil' all tho bones and sold thorn for fertilizers down in ilinuisota. This prairio, with tho protty Qu'Apello N'alhy to tho northward, was a favouriLO haunt of tho buffalo, and thou.iands of them formerly roamed here, so tliat tlieir Bkeli;lonu nnd bones aro found in many places, and ciuito a bri.dc irado is carried on at gatlitrin;^- i\nd ship- jilu;^ thom eastward for fertilizers, tho Ijoiies fc'eii- in.t; about iiOs. jior ton. Tlio half-breeda who coiiio in for supplies j^c nerally bring a caitload of hoiioj with tlivni and irado with tho store icojiers. It was near tho crossintj of tho Canadian and Pacilio Railway over tho " I'lio of JJones Kiver " that it was detormined to ettablisih tiio c;.pi(al of tho Korth-\Ve3t Territory; and hero about four years ago tho now town v.as located, and n.imed in honour of Her Majesty tho City of Kegina, 1,7T'J miles west of iMoiitrjal, Imagino a Bection cut out of tho middle of tho Atlunlic Ocean, and set down a fow ^catlered rows of wooden hoiues upon it, and you will have a prei'-y good idea of JU^ina as ii, lo'ika upon this level prairie, Btiotcliing for miles in every prei'-y gooU level praiiiv, o. direction wijioufc a trou in sight. Tlioro aro probably oOO buildings in the town, which contains 1,000 people, iftid tho most prciiiniiit object that looms up lis it is am.roached over tho prairio is tho tailwaj- wat'.T taiiK. The city is laid out on a tcaio of maguillecncu rivalling even tho usual " spread " mado by frc;rtier towns, and tho con.so- qucneo is that tlio publiu buildings, unablo to get room in tho town, aro all from a half-milo to two miles aw.ay from tho place. It has three hotoh', uaraed from famous American ho.stelerios, tho "Falmor" tho "Grand Pacific" and tho " Windsor," but tho tbroo put together would not cover a quarter of an aero. It has one iien-s- iiapor in full operation, with hopes of another, t 13 all located on one side of tho railway, with uothing at all apparently on tho other side, whero tho smooth prairio Btri tches away into 'ndefinito Bpace. Its railway service, too, is most curious, ono passi'nger tram each way parsing every 21 hours, both of them in the middle of the night, tho west bound train passing at IT) minutes befor» midnight, and tho east bound train at CO minutos after midnipht. Thifl, to Bomo extent, may restrict travol,but it cannot curtail the importance of this north- wostora capital, which may some day become tho uotropolls of Assmiboin, as it is now tho home of tho Governor of the North-West Territory, tho moetinj; place of his Opunoil, and tho headquarters of his standing array — tho " mounted police." The fow atreots of Kogina aro broad, and bordered with wooden side walks, tho ox-carta which slowly meundci through thorn beiinj variod by somo highly painted Indf; ,, clad in ri picture -ipio Hudson iJ.iy Company's bhinlcot, who! prciudly rides into town on his pony with his rquaW| tnidi;iu/ after tlirongh tho sticky mud. To tho northward of lio^iiia tho bcautifi-.l Qu'Appello Valloy, now putting on tho jretty autumn foliage tints, is carved out of tl.o table- land, a deprn.ision of i-TiOft. to ;500ft., neiirly two miles bread, across tho level floor of which tho navi-ow crooked rivor wanders at will. A branch railway, tho Kogina and Long Lake road, runs oui; to thi.s valley, getting down tho grade thniiigh a long ccuft'c, and after going about '2','> milea 'on! -Western capital, how- ever, i: t)e;;t known to tho world as tho plhco of tl.u trial and execution in November last of Louis, .Viel, whose grave is in Ht. lionifuco chorchyurd at Winnipeg. In % littlo Bi)uare-built brick court house, eet on tho edge of the town, l.o was tried, being brought in every day from th; barracks of the mounted police, whore ho was imprifioned, about two miles out. At those barracks they ohow tho wooden building wliioh is tlie prison rnd the little cell where ho was confined, and also thu (;aol-yard, about 00 ft. square, whore the ecafl'old Was oot up on which lie waa hanced. Out on tho ^rairio ir. a littlo honso lives hia hangman, Jack 'endorsoii, who now hauls Bupplios for tho post. This half-breed in his relations "ith Riel Briowa tho ups and downs of life. In tho firet Alanitob*^ half-brewl rebellion in 1870 Hent erson wae im- prisouod by lliel and narrowly eecapod death, while in the second rebellion the table* were turned. Tho residence of tho Ouvernojr of the Jiortb-West Territory is oat on the prairl& » low- bnilt but comfortable house on thj road to tho barracks, and the meeting place of the Territorial Council is also on the nrairio away from the town. Thitt strange fatality of getting all the important ^uildiugs outside the city bIbo Infects the h'omuiioii Land olliuo and tno JJauk of iMoutreal, f Appronching tlie Iiocky Jrountaing. 29 neither of wliidi r.ro in tlio built up tovm. The jjuuiitod piiicu, which is lliu ''oiislHUulury ci tlio ^'LTritory, liiiB txUi.iiivo liiiiracks in a numlitT of wooden lmiklii!j.'.t uiid uiabkH nrranged nround two fjimdn.n^^les, tljo nicEt clabi nito otnicturo being tlio ridir.g pclir.ol, ubout £(;(.lfi. iopj; by ^i')it. ItomI. Tliero nru ]8') men at tliifl, tliu ]iead-(iu.;rter8 jiost, imd about 1,000 in tlio cntiro force, \vliich i.-i di::- (ribi tod ut various j okId throiigliout tbo Territory, \. atcliinji; ii(.;:iin:it eattic and horse thiovos, jintrol- linL' the border, fsiii'ervising the Indian rei^orves, una enfoixing the exeiso law;', wb.ieh iiro strictly jiroliibitory, cxocptinK whero tlie Governor nicy j ivu a peMiiit ftllowiiw certain amounts of bj irit c r 1)( or to 1.0 iniporteu oi ured. This force, mado in: ni<;sl!y cl: younj; ]';r.;.;lipl n;cn,ip v.nifi m.ednnich I'.Ko the drajjoont-, iind their (rim (ifjuros mk* tcarlet coats, varyinj; with the Indians, ;;ivo fjictunrqutnoEa to tlio Btreets of Itcgina. Ironi the t( wer of tlioir rvlinfj-schnol there is ngoodout- Itjuk over ll'io prairie, thfiwii;;^ a vast expunfo of gn-.Hn-eovered level land v, ithout a Binijlo treo in Light, tho waj'Wdrd " I'ilo of I'unes Uiver " jueandei-inr,' at wiil acroes tho for(f;roiind, while P;-giiia'B v.i.ter-taid: and clia.lers of little houtes Bvo teen l'ey(jiul. j^'iich is tho coinini^ niutropoHa .of tic Canadian North-West XIll.— APPROACIlIiS'G THE ROCKY ?TOUN'l'AINS. FOUT BIAt Li:or), i\LBEJtTA, SiTT. 8. Tlio broad and almost level prairio of IJani- 'lobii mid tho Canadian JNorth-Wist Territory Btretchea westward to tho base.") of ■'ho Kooky Jlounlaina. Thin (.',reat mountain rai>;o, as it gooa Eouthward, api'roueheB nearer tho I'acitio coast than ia tho easo in tiio hitatos, and its eabtcni ver^o beconioa nil ro alrujit, while tho mountains them- [ulvcs are not dividid into t:o many rid;;oa of iiot.ka, nor are tl.oro inch extensive foot-hilli. llcjico the lcvi.1 phiiiiK in Canada Bpread over a much wider territory, and tho Uockies rise more luaiktdly fioiii the eil"c' (if ti.o tablelands. This civcB a utreteh of prainu ovor whieh »,"' lii.vo been uavelliiii^ tliat i* i-oino K! hundred miles broad to llio foot-hills of th.o 11' lKius, anil it reiiuire.'i, even v.ilh Bttift railway tr;'.iiis, a lon^^ time to cross. Tho cyo Eooa tires of tho unclu;nL'iii{:,levi 1, trueless fxpantio, and tin re is no nioro welovinio si;.',ht than tho lirst view of tho luw Eiiow-oapjiod, rooky ridfja Been far away under tho Bettinj^ enn. Westward from lloj^ina tlio (. anadiaTi i'acitio Uaihvi'.y passes few places of iuipuitanco on the prairie. Tho towns op <;na down the long aisks of the coaches, in their BCarlet coats, boots, mid spurs. Thi.-i liquor))rohibition !uu tho cvvd ohjiet in view of keeping whisky iroiii the Indians. ISefore it was enforced, " whii-ky- tiaders," who canio many miles across country from the Statis, Bold " iiie-water " to the Iiuiiana in exeh.-inL'o for fi:rs and mado cnornKiu;) prolils ivhile 111'.' uiifi.rtunato red man was tho tnili'erer, 'I'l'.e^e aro many tiiou.anda of Indians on re;-urve.'i in thi.i rciiion, and the !-!riet enforcement of thi.» law dtifca groat f:ood. l!iit it is at tho lamo time 1 geiiori'.l measure, the llominiii iu free America. In the otlier parts of (ho traina, however, t !■.•:■ e good-looking detective:* liavo a keen ceent for liquids, ajul Borne of them ai o ^aid to bo very j^ood j'.i l','e3 of spirits and beer, bitt they iiro BOir.etimea nonj huseil. 1 was told of a caiio on ,« west-bound train, whero fjoino paf^engers had had hniol' ju::t Ik fore tnt. ring tho territory, and v. lien th'j train (sioppid at a i-,t.uioii they wvnt tnit ou tlu) phdlorm, leaving a partly-empty bottle r£ Santerno on tho rx'at. The lyrx-eyud jioliceinau pouneet; U] on it, finelt and thin taLtid, but, having m:VLr bi lore leen tueh a liquid, wa'i imald.i to decide wlietlicr it was ccaitrah.uid. lli called in another policeman, who ajquieii tho [lamo tei-its. Still iloubliiig, they Com ultea the corporal, and [ then tho tl.rea fam]ded tho wine, and dia- cus-!ed the ] etplexing ca;>e. They were sure it was I neither whiaky nor beer, but what it was t'e" ; could r.C't ilceido.and giving up tho prohh m, wen- i Oil", leaving tho botllu onijity on the car-seat. : Vhilo raeniionio,' this, however, 1 nw.nl not ovei- look the fact that if e'rong liquids aro cut olV i.i this reinoto region, a suh::titute is provide,!, They I EoU out here a Btrangu decoction whieh is ' '• warr.'.nte.i not to intoxieatu ' and i.) kia.wu aa 30 A Canadian Tour. " Moose Jaw beer, "unci this has become a pojiuliir t'i-ink in the North-Wtst Territory. ISut 1 iiotico t.int fow drink it wlio hnvo iiiilucnoo onoui(Ji to Bocuro n permit to get soir.ctliiiit,' utroiij^er.Sinno of the seizures of spirits nmdo by tlio police are very Inrj^o, for tlie contralmnd trndo is ciiriid on extensively, most of the wliitky Cdmin;,' in from Montann, nnd beinfj vilo Btutt", thoii;;li oftin oommiinHin'j IHs. or 20s. per bottle. At the flonrisliinp station of Punmore, ncnr Medicine Hat, or " The liat " as it is en! led in this cour.try, we temporarily left tlio C;in.idian Pacific lino, and journeyed westward over a biiinch railway to examine anotlier f.ouriihinf; cntoijiriso which nns been started, mainly by British ciij.ilal, In this far-off kind — a co.il mino on the vor;;o of the Rocky ISIountains. In former d.nyfi coaUi {r,r this country cost onormoualyi'.nd had to bo broii_dit from Pennsylvania. A few years n^o, hnv.cvfr, there was found a valuable coal vein, wliioh the Belly river in carvinj^ out its deep valley nad ex- posed to view in the bluffs alon.r; the Hhoro. Tho Bow and Belly river i unite to form the >^a;-katche- wan, and both are the union of a groat nun-.lii'r of mountain torrents coming down froivi tlio e.ipti'-n elopes of tlio ]?ool;ics. Tlio coal vein was !*ci:ii in 1879 by Mr. Elliott Gait, a son of Kir Alexandor Gilt, the woll-kno\vn Canadian statesman, aiH a company was formed and a colliery opened roiuq time ago. There was dillioulty, hov.cver, in getting tho coals to market, and lust year it was (k'tor- mincd to construct a narrow gaui,'e (tlin o fci't) railway from the niino out to the Canadian Pacific railway at Dunniore, a distanco of ]ii;t miles. Tlio corporation formed is the North-^N'estern Coal and Navigation Company. Tho railway wa."! built in a few weeks, nnd the enterprise is quite succfi'-- fiil nnd p.aying good dividends, ab()\it iJlUlUj'-iJO being invtsted in tho colliery and railway, tho latter having cost but £S(X) per mile to lav ovlt tho flat prairie. This company ."if ems to liavo a gro.-it future, for it is now supplyin;' coals as far east as AVinnipcg, where tho Peuiisylvaiiia coals come into competition, and as tlio country ir- creases in population the demand for these " d'alt coals " will grow. The nnaly^is of tl.o coalf, which Dro bituminous, shows over 6-1 per cent, of cavlion, less than one per cent, of Kulphur, and about six per cent, ashes, the remainder being water and gases. We went outupon this newly-built narrow gauge ra'hrav,and found it a weli-cor.structrd line across ,, 'iesolato and uninhabited region, which gradii.illy changed from poor landstoagood ranching country as the Belly Uivor was approached. The Ciovern- ment h:id given a subsidy for .'ts construction of 3,810 acres per mile, amounting to nb(]iit 411, ono acres, which tho company had Fclectid in the ranching region and was beginning to sell to cattle grazing companies at aoout five shilliiigs an acre. As wo progresgcd weptward '.ho fi^-t mor.ntain vie-' vra.s obtained, the throe " S'"/^lf!raf,ai:i.n(lrcd miles awoy. Aswe journevedwe crossi-d tho bound- ■ry from tho province oi Assiniboia into tho pro- vince of Alberts. There were occisional small lakes Rud sloughs on tho surface and good duck shooting, but nobcxly lived on this vast level expanse until Ijothbridgo was reached, a busy town of about 1,(KX) people just on tho verge of tho steep blufl':) l/ordorinti tlio river valley. Tho Burfuco wa.i I covered with old buffalo trail.i, where those animals ! in »'enrM gono by had traversed it in their solemn i fiinglc-lile p.rocofsioiis to and from their waterinfj [ and fi.eilin;:-jilaccs. Tlioy have now nil disap- I peared, nothing being loft but (Jieir whitening I bones Hcattcred over the ground. It has been but I a few ymvn siiioo this region was alive witli them, but the Jiidiinis, tempted by tho price given for their hides either in whisky or trade, waged a war ii;:iin?t thcin that proved to bo an extenniualion, nr.d nonu pro now known to oxi.st in this section. Inrtancca wore not rare when an Indian baiivR flow in opjiosite directions, one stream out throujrh tlio Saskatchewan l,5(X) miles northward, tho otlier by tho !\Iilk lliver to tho Missouri and then tho MiFsij^aippi r),."(K) miles Bouthward. Tho Lothbrid;ro Colliery is in tho side of tho blulT, dowQ niniost at tho level of tho bottom- lands alongsiilo tlio Btdly lliver, and mining is easy, thou;^h wages aro li'gh, colliers making lOs. to 12.1. per day, and ordinary labourers being paid Gs. to 8.S., becausv'i of tho diinculty of getting them to come out lioro. About '!()(> men a'"o employed at the mine, B.iw-mill, and railway, makiiiij a vrry busy p'aco uji afc tho verge of tho mountains. Tlia cnais aro to be cut by machines horoafter, and tho present, daily .■itp,. , varies from l"iO tons in [ luiMner to 't'lO I >"i as winter upprc.aches. Tho c.alaare runout of tho mine hovels and hoisted u)) tlio b'uirri by an inclined plane rising 2.'iOft. and 2,2.'itlft. long v,dioro they aro loaded into tho railw:iy v.;';_'i>n3 and sent to market. \Viien taken to lluniaoro at the Canadian Pacific Railway tliey fetch li5.s. per ton. A good trade is alfo carried on at cutting limber, which is brought 400 miles down t!ie Jlocky Mountain streams to tho ca\v-m;lh",,p.n'J hasa liiuitlo;i3 market onth') prairio. All this thriving industry, including the towTi it'clf, is tlo growth of a single year, and it jjro- niiscs well for the lOnglish ond Canadian capitalists wlv have ventured tlieir money bo far away from ho no. Wo left Lethbridge and started in a carriage from the end of the railway across tho prairio 31 miles further westward to Fort ^IacI;eod. Thoroaci wound down tho lilufTs and forded tho swift-flow- ing but cr'^oked B.dly river, and then it went steeply I up a deep c nUe cut into the opposite bank I utifil tho tableland was reached. Tho horses niada I Fwift progress over tho level prairio beyond, where c;atlle herds were gracing, for we hnd C(jm» I into tl'e ranchiivr country. Tho ctrong west wind i was l.'liiv.ing utiflly against us, but it wos warm ' nnd b.ilnij' con.ing throu,gh the mountain passes I froia tho milder slope of tho I'acilio con.st. It is I th's (;enerally prevailing westerly wind wliich wanna this region and keojm the 'jrass green on tho i cattlo r.ingofl, melting tho winter snows, and raising ' the timipcratvire. This is the cause of the Increas- ing mihtnessas thoKocky Mountainsaronpproachod as compared with Manitoba. The wind ble-.v freshly iu our faces as wo drove across tho pral'lo fording tho Old Man's Uiver and following its bank up to Fort MacIx)od. Xldsvalloy is a shallow one, not boiiig much cut into tho prairia, and tho whole neighbouring surface is stony, as if . I; h, > been an ancient riverbed, 'llie foi , w'ich is i Btatiuu of tho " mounted uolico," \v.\s orJgin,"''y Tho Ranching Ecoion of Alberta, 81 built on an islond in tho rivor, but tho wayward torront boj^aii w^Hliin;;; it away, ami ioni;itll.'d roinoval to liif:;hor ^jround on tho iriaiiilaui'. 'I'lio town has about 500 pcoplo, ami tl.o utnui;' uiiidi blow all tho Boil away from ovur tho pi ii!iiijs and bonldors undorlyinf,', bo that tho main ii.i-ootii arc voi-y rough hif^lnvays. Tlio " mounted police " £nst has about 100 mon, and tlicro aro 40 nmro at othbridgo, maiidy to watch v.hisky tradcii; an I proservo order on tho largo rosorvo of tho lilood Indians on tho lUdly Kivor, noar Dio Ijuttoci to tiio southward. This reserve, whicl\ is iiresidiul ovor by " Kod Crow," has about :!,500 Indi:. .a, atid in tno various nxsorvos in this rc;,'ion tl.on. ai o alioiit Vj'XM), all dilfuront bands of tho f;ri;at Illadifoit nation, of whom tho redoubtablo " Oowfout," \vl o lives up on tho Canadian Pacilio lino at tlio " t'-owfoot rosorvo," is tho head chief. Fort MacLeod, which, however, is not a defon^ivo wovk but only a barrc.tks, was ostabliahud about ii years airo, ami soon becanio a centre of tlio ranching buBiu("" the cattle men eoniing up luio from Montana, a,.d thus -^lakin^ it an essotitially American town. Tho cow-boy -^ ni his gh'ry I'.ere ; Amorioan money is tho chief cin:ulatin^j medium ; tho J'ort MacLiod Gif^ctte is p'.iiilished as tho weekly or^^an of the ranchme:'., containin;; a pa^'oful of their " brands ; " and a ;;rcat liorso arid cattle exhibition is being prepan^l iw to b'lov,' tho enterprising spirit of tho {iei)|ilo. There aro iarj,o pt'.n-3 and comfortable little hi.tel:J, tlii.i com- miiiiiiy having boon eataiilislied 2,1!'2^ miles we^-t of iM'intreal, beforo a railway route wr.s tlieu.-ht of, its bate of sujipliosand e(.niimuiieatii;ii v.icii tlio outer world being at Fort lleiiton, ever iiOt! miles Dway on the Missouri Uiver, in IMontaiia. It is a V.'eatthy plai'o, tno, tho ranehiiien bt.ii;g l.ivi.'h in their ospoiulitures ; and it stands as tli ) ffoiiti. r onljiojjt of the Dominion on its poutli-'.\f . teru border, although, happily, Fort j\Ia<-Leiid in ihe: o piping times of peace has uo military uutiu;i to tiorform. XIV.— TIIK KAN'OHlNt} REGION OF ALliKiri'A. CAiG/a\.\\ ALBERTA, Snrr. 10. Tho south- s"ostoru portion of tho province of Allierta and its level plains and many I'vcr valleys lying along and eastward of tho foot-hills of tho Uockies contain tho great cattlo-raiigca of Cunada. Tho grass is greener and the \v;.ter purer I tlian on tho prairies to tlio eastward, ;uid Iho hills and valleys for many miles aro paiioll' 1 by tho holds of cattle and horses. Tli^s inliu^.t•y Logan .iS nn overfnw from In mtara, but ti.o American raneln men found tint tliu Alb' it a climate was miid< r, and many of ti. in have 'nxn moving their herds up hero. li:e ejkteiiai... I.iuian reBorves, which the liominion Covernment had to supply with liberal ratioiiB of leif, also nuulo a trood home ninrket, ai.d tliin, too, was attractive. Tho Ilommidii peliey in lo'ising tho [.nblie luiuia for c.attle-ranges is a liberal one. As n r.ny as 1IKJ,(I(J0 acres may bo included in a siii;,!e Ua.se, nn annual rental being paid of ono half) eniiy, recently advanced in iieiv leasts to one pinny per ni'i'o, and tho term running for l-'l years. Tlio lesseo in three years is to place upon tln' land ono liead of cattle for every ten acres, and maiiiii.in that proportion thioughor.i, tho teiiii. J hi re 13 also a .strict prohibition against i.hxi.-gii'.zing in 11 southern part of this cattle-ranching district of Ai'juita, It is thoiiulit tiiat illtiiu .Lcly, wlien tnattcr.i on the broad Canadian prairie* arai r.dju.ted oy a Bullieient incroaao of population, all of the district east of tho cattle-rangOB will boeomo a shoep-raising country, as far aLiiost aq itegina, near which tho wheatHolds bccin^ According tt the latest Government report, thord were 2,01)8,070 acres in Alborta leased for grazing^ lands to 68 ranching companies and individuals at the close of 1885, and the Dominion received for that year 82tl,342 rental, the rent then being but! a lialipenny per aero. The income is espectedj to be doubled this year. Tho whole district att that tium contained 40,0SU cattle and 4,313 horaea BO far as reported, but tho lists are inoompletej There wero several largo companies holding ieasesij tho iiio.st prominent being tho British Americaii Kanclio Company, tho Halifax Ranche CompanyJ the St. Claire Ranche Company, the Cocnrang Kaiicho Company, tho Oxley llanche Company^ ami tho \\ alrond Rancho Oomp.any, and sovoral individuals v.ero also large cattlo-raiigcrs, British ca),;tal being liberally invested. During th» 1 r<;.':cnt year (hero has Leon a liberal movement of Jioiitar.a and Oregon cattlo into this country, and! l:ir;^e herds aro en the way from Texas. Owing to the belter grass and other advantages, also, some of tl.o largo Montana herders aro moving their futt'e to the Canadian Pacitic lino for Bhipment in Ix.nd to Chieiigo, preferring that to the Korthoru 1 iieilic Raihvuy, which jiaesos to tho southward of their ranges, on account of tho hotter grass r tho In.Uan rcKcrves iind local consumption t.-xkiiiL; all tlio Biu'iihui. Tho herds, under ordinary riroumstniicoa, douhlo fi<>m tho natural incroABo )ii 24 to 3it monthii. and, as thcso Alhoita mn^'o.'i h.ivo not yot b.-f n fully at ocUedjtlu'ro inno ;.I-.i]imont eastward, th^r.-.^h tlis <^il(lo is oxpocLf '■. on to bi'frin, and tlvi riiihvay is niulcing uocive ■ ti.ma to conduct it. Tho iranajioivent of thet^e ranches is gent; In tho handa of JMifrlishmon and Scotchmen \vj. Ontario num, but tho foremen, hcruoni, aiid cow- 1 ova nro me.Htly from tho Slates. In fact, this district, it!< tnwufl, and numnors and methoiis are vovy Amoriean, to that it i:eema much liko n BfjLion of tho won' era American froiitior. Jdnsfc t.f tho co^vb(^y8 and otliern havo previou.'ily lived at va.rions p.oinli aloi'.g tho borecr from foxan to Montana, atid they liavo th.orf)ti;;hly iiid-jued this region with Ame-.ican Ktyle.<>. Tho hiiiso and lariat, Lao broad-britiimed con hoy hat, tho loalhor broochuB, and impo^'ing cartrid(;o belts one meets at tl 1 frontier toniiH on liso Uninn and Korthern Paciliu railways ato roprodueod in thin district in tlie samo ro: Ideas and extravagant fiishion. Tho r.owboy diniect rule,) Enprrmo m tlio talk of tho rooplo, v.ldio tho Amt !oan national ganio of '' draT.'-piikor " flourishes exuberantly at Fort UlacLood and elEowhero. HorBos and cattle are d11 tho talk ; abt.ut tho npced and endurance r.nd racing abilities of tho former, ni;d flio ntmdjera rnd valuo of tlio latter. Tho co\%b( y who can rido tho fa!:ti:Bi; anrt JIacLeod and Calgary, going noith- vard about 110 niilos across the pruirio which ikirts tho foot-hills of the llockies. I'or about hull iho Uiaiiaico tiio i'oicu|.)iuu-lniiu aro i,o uu westward of tho trail taken, while behind the»n (ilrotehes the grand runi u of iho '.!iow-rii].pe-d Uookios, Bfi II from tho Chitf M'.uruiiin, ll,(X)Utt. hiifh, whi Btands fuard i-r, +!.o intoruationi 1 boundary, norfchward until lost to view — a mretch of p'olja'bly 200 miles. Wo iordod tho stream:! 6nd joyj^eJ alorg upon tho pvairio and hulled at tho " lowhey euMija '' ;.;' n.eais luid fUip. iili.nv ^rjiziof herds »\'Te seen, tho cattlo roainiiig at will without v.-aicli or hindrance. All thu aniirials aio brandeo, bo that their ownc^rs piek them out at tho spring and autumn " rouiid-tii s." A " cowboy camp" is utiually a big cali'u with tho cr.vieiii Jilastered to ki ep oui the i.iiid, and a thick turf r(jof tipen which the > rami j;riiv,[i tho same rj) on tho ground, while a ci.'iling of cloth is Kpnud ovtr tho apartment inrido to keep tho eaith from Cdniing throuj.'h. l!ig stoves uro j^rovidcd to maintain warmth in winter, and aU^o to do tho ciK.king, over v.hieh a cowboy, wiihnioio vercatilo talents than the. oth( is, timiiilly ) refides. On thu wails aio f( metimes a deer'/i antli r.i or a bufialn's bond for criuimi nt, with little knickkniieks in the way of pictures cut from pictorial news] apera or fancy ndvi rtioing cania that havo wandered out this way. There may bo a beoRtead or two, but generally thiy sleep on tho floor, perl'ormin/? t'.'.it oricf toilets out of door;;, where there in ; imty el room in liiis cotnitry. They live re.iHonably well, nnd niowly on food that iii inij-orted, gmerally canned meat.'), vefietabh,-, and hv. ects, and C(.nu'- times havo good bcof, but this is not alwaya tho car.c on tl;o raiiehej, altlunigh at th.o hotels and private tables exeollent meats nro the rule. litit; tho anomaly of this great cattlo dii'triet in that tho ranehr.ion rarely have milk or buvtcr of their own production, genrrallj' going without milk rnd importing their butter, if it la nt-fd, in kegs from the States. Tho cowboy of tho present I'.uy ia jirobably too wary to attempt milking these wild cows of tho jirairies ; nt any rate he doofj not do it ; nnd bo, with hundrc ds of cows nrotind them, these lu rdi^men driidc their crfice without milk. They aro warm-hearted and will do nil in their pfwer for tho ptiT.ncer who comes to koo them, but when he is at tho '' Oow p.uneher'n home," which is the title given a cow-camp in this country, he usually has to ren{;h it. Wo rode for miles over the j.pftirie, fording tho streams nnd crossing tho c:i, whilj t'l:(i grouRO IT prnirio cl'.icltcns nro jilcntifv.! on rp.Oist of tlio ui Iriiids. lriii(;:!B of timln r lino tho Viilioys of U.o Etrc-.rnB, vliicli p.ro luf.utifid land- Dci-jX'S, nr.d lor.f.; hcfovo CrJ^'ary wn.-. rcnclud thcro \\:;s (If r.'iiid (litlci k over tin tTO( ked valli.y of tlio J!(.\(- I(iv(.r, which curvco ar.d rc-cvuvcR, foiniinf; tho how from wliich it (;cts its ii.'.nu', wliilc iiito it floWH onotlicr btrmin with a ii(,;ht-mi,i'lcd htiid which is relied tho lill.ow. It it nstoni.-^hirfr to !(,arn th.at within four yearn j-nst this ciAitilry hag xeeivtd ahiiofct its ci.tiro );o] uhttion north of ][i;;h iiivcr, whero tho Btttlcnionts nro com- l.aiinively ra;nieroi;s , niid tho iiewncKS of tho lefjon w'lc hett ph.owii ly the little country cliuich iHT.r l-iiih (.'If ek, recently coni]'leleu, and its f;ravc- yaid teneed ir, wilh ft finale {jravc-ttone liandin^ io.'diou i.liut)'. 1- n (unnfulniii-TionhaF hut jv.st bt^'un. Wo ciinie outline n tho hillhi(.'hr.l;ovo Calfjary nnd fonUifi tlu) rivi'r p.nd cnterotl tho l(/wn. This lively place, which has a t.talin has ],f (0 pi oile, hutoly ]''li{^li;ih, and h.as (.rov.n ko ruiid.ly thab tl I y have nol had tiino eitlur to i avo the niieela <.r to couf-tniet fiiiewalkB. I'llif'.illo lota nro held !t1 hi;;h j^rieis, £'l'U pi r fionl foot heing tl>e iniatt- t.ion for f.lialh'W lots in the nain street. _ Calfary !,ho re-niees in two eily [.ji'Veriimeiita, thia having ci.iitiiiuid I'evcrnl nionlht;, with two ii;ayorB and iv ."ouhle town couneil, owin;; to a ijolitieali]!. arret that has Mow {.lit into litii;nt:on, and it it lioped \-ill eoon he Filtiid. 'Jliin rho«s what iin inter- j risin;,' tov. n it in.and r.hso ihopolitiealpofrihiliiita in tile rxhihu-atin^' i.tnie.--) hero of tliii- roiiion. _ I fiiul, hoY.cvt r, iliat tho pioplo, do.-pii(i tl.eco dic- putta, aro fully united in j ; -a iotic devotion to their tov.n, and that they a.e anxiour. to havu t.-.Uililiul id hero b cavalry utatic'ii for the Uriti^h Army, til is re<;ioii beinj; in tho way of beeoniiiig Iho {^roat hori^e-Lrctdir.p t'Cetion of Canada. (Jn till! rau'res and ttoek-riunia in t!io fertile valliys near Ci'.l;.ii'.ry thcro aro tomo (i.C'OO Ik rsefi, i.nd th.ey think ii; would, tliereforc, he tho lieat piuco to quarter I'or.'eB, and tilr-o to Eccuro re-inounts. It is a (.'Towiujj town, witli a fmc dii-triit dcp endiut upon it to {.;ivo ptriiianent proppority hen alter ; nnd .after i\ f.ii'rvey of ilB eondition anlprer] eclfl, I ff el sur.' tliat Cal(,a'-y in the sturdiest two-yeur-old in the Canad'sn Korth-West. XV.— ENTKRiyi THK KOf'KY MOHNT.MKS. BANI'T, rOCKY MOUNTAINS, Ri PT. 13. Tho youthful tov-n of Cal;,';iry, which hhows ro many (ii,<;ns of vipor.'iua {,'rowth, i.s tho outpost of tho North- West Territory, '-',202 niihs from Blont- riial. It Btands in tho liroad and level vuUey betwoon tho Bow iind tho lilbow rivors, and has plenty of room to spread. Being tho (nirepot of a laraoextcnt of country stretching both north nnd Eouth of tho railway, it does a brifk trade nnd Iwa Bcvory,! lur;iQ storeii i.hiit i.ciuul ui bizo and aniount of businesa nny that nro located hoyond Winnipeg. From Calyary start tho procersiona of tradora' carta for tho northern country to Kdnion- ton nnd tho mafrnificent valley of tho North f-'af-kateluiwan, naid to bo another Laud of ProniiFO, which 13 Eteadily filling' with RoLtkni, nnd aspirin to rival Uranitohtt na nn nf^rieultural ret;ion. For Foveral hundreds of miles the li rtilo prairio, witii its rich Foih-i, gonial elininlo, nnd beautiful vnlley.i well timbered nnd watered, Etrotehes northward alon;» the V.af on of tho mountains and Bpreads far to tlio eaiitward j nnd tho tido of imniifjr.ation ia Buch that before long this re^'ioii will ho knocking at the doors of tho iJominion for odmipsion as a fiilhiiod;;od province. I have reftrred to tho fcenial climivtu hero, which in winter is Io.hs riuorou.i than inldanitoba and tho older ]-irnvinee.<, owing to tho leni)ioring wind.'* from tlio Pacific that conm ucroiio the J'ockie.i. Tho actual winter bei.'in8 lata nndendfl e.'irly, and tho Bnow;>, r.nl'"-s it he n veiy exceptional teai-on, nro easily melted. It ii. this fiivourablo condition of clini:i,to that renders thin extensivo region fo cood tor catllo range. i und .■toek i-m.-turcM, and also nialces it eo attrattivo to tlie pettier, who paryes over iii.v.iy milcLi of inter- niediato prairio to get to this eounlry. Yet in tho Bpriiig and autumn tiio daily change.-i of ten.pei'i - t lire aro very v.-lde, and tiii.i is i.aid to nli'ect tlio health of new-comers and nil not nacd to it. At thiii seaion 11 eh.anj;o of 40 or iiO degree!! hotwci n night nnd midday is not infreqiient, tho riuiLO being from I'"' or '10 degrte.i in the nij'ht to iT) or Ma) dei.'roe3 in tho heat of the day. 'i liis is tie.) ca'.o all along tho e-antern bIoj^js (,i tlio {toekiin, nob only in this country, hut al.-.o furtlier i-outh in tho yiates. This iF! also n re;.-ion of Im'iar .', tho v.irioiis bamhi of Creea, JUaektLi t, and Iv.ony liidiaiiS being located on re.«erve;-', where they arc allolteil enou..>;h land to enable each ian.ily to live by agri- ■(Ulture.but tho nohlo red Jii.'ui 1 -..i h.ardly yec b.icu got into tho way of earning his living by hard work. Tiiey druv/ their rations of food v. li^n oil tho rci'crvev, but niany of tl'em wand.er ah' at tao country nnd set up their eivioky teepees on tho odgo of a to'.vn, vhcro they manage to p.iek ap eriOui.'h to eat. Thai-o wan. lering Indians aro n.t a ideaiiant pictm-o. T'lmy aie dirty fellowii, with Bquaw.M i.ho look tho picture of dcpair fioiii uiieUvliiig work-, while two or three half-clad littio Ind.ian eliildven usually [/lay nl-'ouc tlio t..epc'e. In this rnu l:o-iie..ndmed and not very savoury wig- wam tiiey all huddlo r.t nij.'.ht, managing U. liil around tli'.' liro liiiit is always i.-ejit burnin;; in tho middle of tho tent, tho fimoho euciqiing thrmigh an r.perturo above. Tlicso Indians nro lieiiig paid tlieit annuity money at present, every man, w.im.'in,a!ul child getting iiCs, r.pii ce. It is a ] mud day f-.r tiiQ Indian when ho captures nil the money allotted to himieii', his Eiiu.iws, nnd hia oli'siiriiiir, and, thus inivde rich by U;o 1 o , . ' loi 'f ' n •■.;!■■. i eniei iiilo town to trado. In Calgary, tho fnvourita nrtieh'S bought wcro brigat-eolourtd blankets gaudily Btrij ed in bold contrasts, and w:lh thc,-a t!:0 Inilians liedockcd themselves to go back to tlio^ reserves ,uid win tho ndniiration of tlieir nquaws. Tl'oy walked about tho stieets Ehoppiug, with as much ilcMiro to savo money and gei. bargains at) any of tlio whito raeo, and tlien, having mada their purehanes, galloped over the prairio on tie. ir ponio.) to their teepee.^. Tho shopkeeper!:, as mr.yl bo 8uppos';d, pay them great deti renco wh.ni t]\\i " treaty money " is being diBbiirsed, and they i\x<\ fullvawavo of their groat importance. No moroeoni sequeutial creature lives than ono of thcso Indiana, A Canadian Tdur. pij't) in inoiith, astride of lii« potij%witli jiaintcd faco uriil Ror^'cr.ii.s blaiikut, coming into town with his i;;oiu>y. T!io jioor nquaw travola afcot and curries r.11 Iho binuMci. Aftor tror-'^iiif,' tho vast slrrtch of table-lands tiiat form tl.i) ccntro of tho American continont, tan Can;'.dian Pacilio ];ail\vay reaches tho valloy of tho ISow Kiver just below ('ali,'ary. This briak I'-ruani of clear, cold water Cows out from iho l.erirt ot tho Uoeky .%;o\-.ntains, and tho railway t.i!;os aJvani.ai;o of il3 valley to seeuro an cntra.'u'O l.i ll.t) f^reat nujnntiiin e bain, and follows it up iiliiiost t(j its woiu-co. Tho lioekiea riwo abruptly at tLoir oasitorn babis from tr.o eil^jo of tho jirairie, ivnd ofton ]iri sent on thia Bido abnost ].(r]irndii'u'.ir waii-4 of rock. They are conipor.ed, not of a ain;;bi iipheavctl rid^o, 1 ut of a eonsiilerablo ni;mbcr of j>av.iUid ran-en, havin;,' a -ceneral iHreetion a little ■ .Oi'tward of duo north, and for tho main chain an 1'. ,'-';. vc'iuato breiuUh if I'li.) or 70 n.ileu. tint from niiio;:'.; thoso (low.-i ti.u i"fW Kivor, its sonrco bein:; nlmosfc at the bVininiit,and its v.'iJley winding: i.bout i'rom south-east to iiorth-t:',st, until, bavinf; jiusned o'.t of tho mountain;*, it forms a wide coule'o cut ilerply into the prairio, and in this flows past <'il;;:'.ry, which is built i:pon iho bottom lands that were the bod of iho ancient river. ^tandintT pro- Ji.iuentiy in front i if Ca!;;ary, to tlio north- west ward, fi. lar,din;-.rk ii.r niib s an-nnd, is tho lo!i,%' prolubc- r.-vnco called tl'.u " Xoso," which is one of iho iow, iuivanccd outposts of tho llockics. 'J'ho railway, as it has Clinic Ha Ion;,' journey over tho prairie, lias (..'radually ris^en in ehvation It was 7"t;it. above the Boa level at V.'imiipef'. and {.'vadually a^Oiiided, i.util, at Calp;ry. tho elevat'-on was ;-l,:ibOft. Then, f.''bnv;n.'uo ti:o"l'ii)\v River, it cr.i.-ses the snmmitof th.. i\LA at o,',;', liit. olovatiiui. This ia much tho low. ' pa-.a i;y wl";icli any of tb.o transce'Utinrntal vailw.-iyM cross tho f^rcat raii;,'C. Tiio Keriiicin I'acit'cliailway las Iwo Eummils to crotP, at i!orc- l.ian anil at the Mulhm Tur.nel, each at an eleva- 1 ii.n of OjoCOit. Tlio Union and Central I'aciJic llaihvays cross three sunimits.lho l\oekii:i at !-'...T- raaii, H.li-iO.'t. elevation, thu >\,a:'atch Jlor.ntains a: 7>>.''iifi-., and the Sierra IS'c.ada in California ut V,.(n7it. Tho iJow river, hriiilit £;re(n r.nd sv.ifl-flcwir;; ever its pebbly bed, winds and twists in tortuous fa'iion throi';;li tlio bread bottom lands of its (■i.'ci.'i\'.whi(;i the railway follows towardiUlicmoun- tain.i, (-eekin:,' tlio b, at route over tho compara- tively level land. Tiio ctoep furrowed hliiibi of tho v.alley phow how deeply it has beoii cut into thu lalilo land, which f.'releoes far away en either Land. Tho region u eutiroiy baro of trees, exce];t- iuj.; wb.cro a frinr.o of ttunled lieniloek or cott( n- vvood may ^row m sheltered lis.sures. Thewiudin;^ coiir-^o of tho valley makes beautiful landMapo view .5, aii'l ahead of u;; i,'linippc:; aro ^ot of tho ] eaka of llio Jlockios aM iho train m;.ves tow.'ifds ib.cm, tl o range sioadiiy risin;;as it id approached, lor a loiii; distance tliis valley and tho adji'cent tablo Ian. is aro lea.'jed by tho Cochrano KaiK hn:;,' Com- p:iny, and they i:avi> lar^o htnls of cattio, horses, uni slieop ^'r:izin;,' at intervals, with cxtenfivo (nieds for winter i^liolters built in will-protected looations under cover of tho bluffs. Tho hills aho expiijo coal-me.isuros, and shafts aro boinj,' Fuuk at VauL;lian to develop a mine, New timber- Jinlhs ji;>t f;oini,' into ojieralion to saw tho loj;s floated rlown from tiio niount.iins hhow how nccntly tiio country has boon o):cned to settlc- nioiit. 'ITio train crosses tho 8toney Indian reserve, and two littlo haiiilets of lints and tents Boon afar off in pleasant nooks of tho valloy, with bioaJ iaiai.iuob blroteluutf down Lu i,hu river b.iuk. wliorcon tlio ponies aro f^.izin;:;, enow liow well thoso Ind'..tis solcclod their home. 'J'liey aro .■•.aid to bothob> .-lvli?;poi;ed of tho tribes of tlit;North-\\'e:-t, unci to 1 how !.;ood pigna of adopting tho ways of tho whito man. As tho train rolls alou^, tho lino turiiin^'from ono sido of tho winding \alh:y to tho other, (ho mountain raiiL;o ahead of us j;r.adiially !,'ro\V8 hif;hi>r and hi^;her, tho ontb'nes of tho tiaks hccomin;i nioru and more inet;iilar. As tlio woslerii sun shines down upon the daik jrray tlircateniu;: mrira continually o.p.ainliu;,' in siye, it looks murh liko the ri.iiuf,' of a summer thunder cloud. Tho railway cronses and recro.-sea tho rusliin;? river to seel; tho bettor route, and as wo run rap.idly into tlio foot- liills, ridijo after rid:.'o (ood uji bko a Fcntinel during our manv miles of r.pprcuch from Calgury.and is known as tlio iJovil's lioad. Uli ono (lido ot this threatening peak is tho Entering tho Rocky Mountains. 85 Devil's Liilto, from wUch tho riiivil's Creek flcvi down a momituiu tonciit to thu liow, wliilo not far (twuv aiiotlui- weird Btriiim, cuiluHliU (il.ott Kivor, lilao coruts tut fruni anKi.j; the ) e!ik;i. Tlio ruiiway jafhoB betwtcn two bici [■ IuIIh, its wuy hnvitif^ to 1)0 licwn tlirnigh tl.eir sidiii directly towaids tho Cascade Mountuiii, but ji.nt v.lieii tlio loooiuotivo eocius ready to diuih L(.;!iiii(it it tlio liijo Biiddcnly veera to tho left, Mid (l.o npl'arcntly imptiidiiif; coHinicn in avoiikd. hi a ft!w niiniitr.a wo liave uiii into onotlitr ekn nn.oiit,' tlio jjcaks, und aro at liahft', a i;i w eellltimnt ji.st Biurted hist Kirin;,', '2,',i'['2 niilfa veat of iiU.iitmil. In tho adjacent rccewtH hetwtdi the Catc.-uio Mountain and ti.c iJevil'B Head are vahial.lo cci:l iiicaaiireB, producinj:,' a hi tiii-ai.thracito eciul c>f good (juality, tho wtrkinc of which has iuat L<{^ini. An analysis of tho roars talitn from tliin Can ado ni'':«, owned by what is kno\\n aa tho Canada Ai. i.racito Ccinjiany, ia said to ^^how an aveiajjo oi SO jicr cent, caii.on in two tian.o Ih.at ci.n l.o niOBo readily worl.ed, whilu other Ecaiiu; j^ivo a much hi(;hir j ercentago. Pi riio of the coals i.ro already {;ot out and uent alt.ngth.o railway tor con- Bumitu 11, and tho i^ron-.iLo is (jivtn of ii {;ood j,ay- ing mine when active (/j.erationa Lej^in. 'i'ho ex- plorations made cf tl.o sloj i h of iho lU ckica ohcw at varioufl places exttneivo coal-brdM, so that, win n tho f;reat jruiiio rcuiilry adjacent hic(.nii.a fully Eottltd, ll.cro need bo no lack of clicap fuel. lint tho attraction ot ]!a'ilt is tho hot sj.r in {,'.". Tl.i' faottlcmeiit ifi at Eorr.cdistar.co frcjjn tho station, and is reached by n ndo over about tho duttiist Had in this very dry coi:nlry C)f volatilu rfils. Laet April this rffjion was a wilderness, a few [.coTilo having j revi( usly crnio liero and tem- porarily cncan'.ped while tislmg tho niedicinol virtvic.i of tho sprii.gs. Kow theio aro a oouplo of hotola, made up of h g cabins and tents t^'. about (UiK.ng tho scrub timber, and quiti- a pietentioua buikiing ia being creeled for a " tanili.rii.ni." The r,now-capped peaks aie all about us, anil the wind blows chill at nif,lit, but tho tun is wauii l.y day. ^\'o oat our meals in a low-roofed h'g cahni, and go to filecp in one of tho tents, tl.o rushiii;,; liver lapiila just in front Biii^;ir^g a lullaby. At this atliaeiivo olace, a level glen alongside tho rivir, v.illi sttoji ( iiiiberod hills jji mediately aiound it and treat jayged ridges of mountains litn.ming it in en all tides, there is tho beginning of a f.Ti at «ut( ring- place. Iho IJcw River, ly widening its couiso, mnkea a prilty lake, at tho foot of which a floating bridgo is thrown aeirsp, whilo below tl.o river nnis into rapids terminating in nbcaiit.yul casci.de, wlicro the narrow passage is hewn (hreii'li tlio foliii rock, and the water goes bfiling and k^aming down into a iiool.whenco it ] cacefully flews east- war. 1 out of the glen. Tp on the liilleide at teveral plae 03 aro the bet sprinf;s, eliargi d with ndphur and iron and other 'nalicinal tails, fo ll.at they aro valued highly as cnus for various fkin ditei.ees luid riei.iiiatitm. Cue of tl.e.so sjirings nukes u lu.ignilicont green I'Ool, while another las b'ccn found in a cave 40ft. bcdow tho surface. Tho bathers crawl down a ladtkr itito an al Vfs wlui;cu comcB ft tuipliurous odour, and thfcro they bathe, tho waters eecafing through a Mibtcuunean channel and linally coming out near I he rivii bunk. A winding road up tho n.ountain-sido leads to (ho chief hot spring, which ceints with a siiong How cut of a small aj erlure at probably fjCOlt. i leva- lion above the river. Here, in rude log huU, baths arc provided, while fum the ncif:lib< urhood of tho spring a magnificent < iiilook is hail r;vcr the valky of ^ho l!ow, as it ciiclcs about and finally flows off to the oabtwiu'U, out of the glen, past the groat UaRcado Mountain. Uhis place concrrtrates wltnin. brief compass so nuiny attractions tliat tho Voniinion(.k'\ernnient lias made itarescr\ation for pul'lic UFO, this including the valley and biuioond- ing peakii, so that it will becinio a jark. lioada are now being rnado to give casj' accci-s to its beauties, inid kates aro granted fft. above tlio (:ea level, although groat enou-ciiTij ed mountainJ Miri'oundcd it, rising fully a nulo highir, there v,-,i3 fciuiid a littlo lakd, and in times of freshet tho w ;ter£i from it ran both w.ays, out to llio caEtward by tho Bow rivor towards Huikon's Day and ulti- mately tho Atlantic, and also westward through th.o Kicking Hor.su rivor to tho Columbia, and tlienco to tlio i'acilie. This pi.::s was tliereforo, tolccted as tlui ronio for thn railway, tho puuiinit being 2,"f-'.5 miles west of Mo'.itreal. Tho railway rraclic.i tl.o pae-a by a comparatiiuly' cisy gradient and route up tho valley of tho l!u\v" rivor ur.il one of its f mall aillutuLs, end after crossing tho Bummit follows uov.-n tl.o ci.iion ({ the Kicking Horse o'.i th.o western f kpo to tho vulley of tho Colianbia. In nnkirg tlio uioent tho ra.hvay climbs l,Cl)Oft. fre-m Calgary to t!:o r.nra- mil, a distance of iL'o miles, vbilo in de.'jcendinjj on tho other side it fall;) 'Jyl^i-'it. in tin CI mil .3. between tho e anunit and LonaLl, on tho Cohunbnv river, 'J, 'AG miles wctt if Jlontreal.' In cliarp conti'a.st with tho easo ot tcnstruction on tho eastern slope aro tho great diibculties of tho Western lioocont. wLtru tho roadway in aome I'lacea II-2 3G A Canadian Tour. has been ng cortly ne on tlio iiortlcrn Blioro of Lako Buporior, tliouf;h tho rocks cut tlirougli iuo i^'onoinllj' of panel.' tono or oliito und nioro yield* ing miiteritila. Tho i^itkiii^' Ilor-o river donccr.'la fibriiptly by ft cauon of Btiirtliiif; doiith Mid I'.teopnoss, windiiii; witli tho Bhiii'iicst turna, r.nd with looso mutoriiilfl im Bomo of tho piopM, that huvo taxed tho Hldll of tho raiUvay Imiklora to oivrry tlio lino througli, TJiis jjiici moat wild und lioautiful ecuuery, but it involves hc.ivy gradients (iiid many cm-vcs und bends, with tinmeld and briilf^oa, tho ro;iJ Iciin^j often led liif;h above Bonia ] ei'ilous abyBu,witli nunnitain topiiriidn;^ thoUBunda of feot abovu and a rai;in{,' torrent biOow. t^tartiiiij in tlio early morniuc; from tho pretty lloeky Mmintain jmrk v.hich the I)oniii!i;.in (!o- vernmeut is niakin;^' in the t;len at B.inll', tho train for tho mountain top rv.n n\i tho I'dw river valley, with tho great C..::e:'.(;o 3louul;un on tho rif^lit ii:vnd. This Bnow-eapjied pe:ik in not one of thu Li,';liC3t ia clevaticn abovo tho rc. h vel, but it ri.'-03 to a gro..ter In i-.ht than most of theui abovo Iho floor of tho valU>y, its tleej) sides noariiig (".'JUOit. Oi'.po.u'^o is tlio lonr,' nido of tho Sulfihur Mountain, out of which flow the Le;vlin .; cpriii^s of tho Banll'. Wo pasn many pretty lakca of brilliruit firteu hues, their borders frin:.;pd with nkuited cpruco and poplar. A little bay-mr.kin;' Im goiui; on in shelLercd placea, for where prai-a will f;rov/ ii bocomos lu;.;irii.ut. Tho niountanw hem ua in on either hand, Bomo oi: thcni riuinj,' iu vast coluninar fon)ir»tio]i3, whilo others havo nhnrp and |ij;:;ed edges like a ci;;r.nt;c saw. G'hcir cides aro rough bevwii i all injr.gination, nr.d they well (leservo their title of tho liockien, for it sceius as i': Eomo vast couvulsiou had blov/u llio valley to atoms and strewn tho fr.-.siTienta on the tuotuitain eidos, where tho lower fdones liavo tiiaii:i>.,ed vo get, f.iuugh soil in tho crevices to raii;u tho stunted Bpruee-i'ir.e tre.'s, no tl;at the Bonibro rockK i-.lxivo pradu.iUy bleud into tho foliage bolov.-. The rail- \7:>.y tollowB up tho valley with easy;.'radientH,joek- ing tho best rouw'^, and seenm to run towards tho i're.it peak, with jiiunaclod and castellat ed top, its rides built up in terraces in front, and having an r.buntl.LPCoof snov.-ncoumulatcd onti-.eiii;oltcrcdsi;r- iaces liohind. This i:i tho Cactlo IViouutain, which riso.3 !,'Jii its cro(.i|;otl Ijank.-., the varyiujj course giving iiiagniticeut views in every po-^itioij of hundredn of moinitain tops, Bouio riamg like pyramids, others rounded, anil others in greiU Rcirred unit Roamed walls of Folid recks. Wo halt a few moments at eomo log huts .and a wator tank, known as tho station of Iiiiggan,andaKhorfcdipti'.nc< beyond cross tho Bow rivor and bid farewell t< tho vallev th.it has rstood us so well as a route into tho heart of tho ni' untains. Its sourcQ is not far -.iway among tho n.ountain ghiciqra oil' tho north-west, A small tributai'y coming from tho south-vvost, called iNooro's Creek, flows into tho Bow, and, afior sundry preliminary twisting, tho railw-^.y avails its('lf of this strear.i to ascend towr.rds th.o paes by a steep gradienj through tho (-(kV'o tho creek lias n;ade. iMiorm'uia po:i!;3 guard tho entrance, for tho raihviiy scoksi Uie lowtit point to oio.ia thu rauyCj and the loco- Ci'Obainpf tho Kicking' IIoi'so Pass. 87 hiotlyo luboiiro heavily in pnlliTur tl:o train up tho i;railii:iil.. i'lirou(;U n I'iil'. t of l.urut liinlur — tho iuoruhed tvuiiks oi tiivs l.viii'< uhoul/ in every diroL'idii, whilo iiuiiiy donmlnl nuittuBlill o'-und stroiglit up, tho ri;ihv.iy unlcui tlo Kickiiii; lioreo l.'u!m. Tho liurfiuo i« stru\ni with );(!hhlua and houhlorB. Tho cnoris itinl [uh':* of iLi? t:(r.iiiiiii;; locoiiiotivo rovorbti.Uo from th.o luoimLiiinii ri- ii);,' lii(-;h ubovo us. A liUlo biiiiiiia thiit you can litup uciM.'B is (ill tlmt. Ill li.ft of tho cruuk. An iho Bimimit ia roaeliLU t!io (;r;ilii-iit coiima to ii lovul, find ri„lit at tlio top wo hud u liiku with ev.-iinipy Iid),a'M uiid ft borJiT of buuldirb iiii:;(d up wiUi charred timber, It iu a dcLolnto rmion in a nnrrnv ^alloy, tho iiil;;oa troiii tho nunaitaina numinf; town nlniuat to ihn cd^ of tho lake, ncroHO whioli 5ho ridlwiiy is l:ud, with a sidc-truot for paBuing 'ruins. Tliuro is not a hat or un ii 1 nbitnnt, but Ihi.s is tho !ii'.;htst point of tho Canadian Piioilio Pirvilway, lu.d is nuuied, iu honour of its hi{;hebt Ulllciul, Sti^iiLon. Wo saw tlio littlo Btroiim pradnally dimini^hinff lis wu tuicondcd towardH tln> lid;o, nucl no?/ on tho nthtir Bido wo ceo another litllu rill r\nniinf,' out of a Bwainp and led into an nrtilicial channel, Thia la tlio ik'St Btrcf.m encoimtercd that j^ooo tow.irds Iho I'aciilo, and it in ono of tho hcadn of tiio Kick- in,"; Ilorso llivcr. V.'o follow li 'lonj;,and tho littlo brooklot expands into a crcoiv. an'l leadii 113 j a!.b Lho Catliodral Mountain, broad and Eiiow-covorod, Its towers and pinnaolos rera'mbliii;; romo proat Di'.omo, Vv'o iiavu pierced (ho rinii;o, and now <.iart downward m tlio Faoilio r.lopo by a etooj; pi-i;dicnt. An extra locomotivQ in fastonod behind tho tridn and all brakes put on, ho that these, with tho tovcrsod engine: , retard tho dci^cent. Round Inr; a curro, tho tnll form of I.lount Stephen, lOjoCori-.. liij;h, with ita tv.-o mu-mountinjT peaks (alz-o named iroui President Bir Georji;o Stephen, of tI;o r;dlv.!>.y)j comes into full viiw us thooutpoaton tho eouthorn Bido of tl;o paso, its cnowy tops taperinf; off into u Inn;,' r,Iacier. T)io littlo Btrtani oxj-uuds into a lako whoro wdld dneks disport, but tho forest iir!.a havo blaokonod nU tho Eurroundi.ip Burfaccr,. Wi...un;,' tlirouph tho valloy is tho "lotoroad" Df tlio railway builders, a noccssnry prolii;'.inr.'.-y of tho work, hub now abandoned. Wo pass tho littlo station ofUeetor, named from tho hero cf tbo kick- ing ho:i30,and nestling under tho f.hadow of filoant Btephon. Ow littlo crook has becorao a mountain torrent and falls into (juito a largo hikii, from .■;hich flows en tho n;,d\t hand tho ICiekin;^ Horoo Kivcr. Hero bogina tho fire'i^' e-'f\oji which this stream, with impulsivo euddeunoas, soon sarv-cs out deep into tho mountain eido. Tho river becomes a wild and roarin;; torrent, leaping over catnracts and diudiing dow n r;;pids far below us, aihkint; o- vas],ureialy I r wn ul/out by siuio tcrritic eenvul- B;on. l'a.;iin'.; under tho e.lgo cf tho Tunnel ^!ounlalU the railway linally (ots down to tho bcttcm of tils jKirtiun of tlio cuiicu, when tl:o river Hows with cotnjiar.Uivo jje.iecfulnesa Into u valley uf nomo bruo.dth. tloro, under tho odi;o of tho Tunnel Mountain, with tho river in front and an array of other peaku q;H eiuito, thu railway is building a )irotty Hwiaa eiiulot, us a mountain halting pli'ee for tourists. This id 1 ield, 'J,l,',;, ndles went oi I\'on( real, named fiotn Cyrus W. Field, of l\(w York, who huu 111 ways been a j-rcat advocate of this route. Theu_ of tor cro;'f'mg a cpur of un ndjacont mountain to i.void u roundabout bend in tho rivnrj tho road fjoca over tho Otter Tail Creek, r.nd, numing along it, eceka tho Kiekin;; llor^o again, Tho timber cutters have thcdr cair.pn horoi and sr.w mills are ot work, fcilver prospectors havo nlao tunnelled mines into tho mou7iLain. Tho ri'.ilwi.y cro.'ipes and reerosjes tho river, B'eking tho best routo down tho valley which KigEaga leforo Ufi, and tl-.o n;ounlain3 bear better (oliago that f'ives a gxccurr huo th.".n tho forbidding regions of burnt timber we h.avo paa.'iod. Then thu v.i'h.y, v.hicli has been having a general pouthem cuuvbo, cudrtenly veers around the end of a broken niov.ntaiu chain, iind turns to the north-went, cooking an outlet in tho Cnhunbia liiver, Tho two streams How ffi'i\t ni'd mn into nijd cut OT (lull oth'r, \\itli I ntly ii'lniidi- betwrrn. Ihn n'n!(':i «;f t)'ii liiuvti Hi':: nunintninn nro v:p11 ♦ iinlifToil with pinc!!, ii'nl tho tvfiir>. tvrvi'!' rv.iftly f,l<'iiif,' 1r> (lip littlr. tuwn u!i\ti(in cf aficiit sec, wliilrt tho rnihvny ih n^akiiii; nr cjttrTii'lvo f.ittl' i.Kril in lli"> li'r|.i.r;>is of the ]\oi icy Mnuutr.ius, r.t iiliojit r.OcU'i;. lioilli hvlitii'io. It ihnrs a huij? (li:iti',m'(' ivrth- wnvd, miikofi !V Ini^n hond nroiiiul tl)o tvlkir!; M.n!rp,i\ml ri'traucs its cnurpp Eo\itlnviird, ilo..-iTi(.^ (hi-.vn info t.>;c.;iin and tlionio tii tlio Piioiii.; Oi'uaii. Tiiis ,i;re:.t lonp, strotchiiif; for i't') !iiilo« liorv,h\v;ird, ifi kr.f.Viii a:' tho " lii^' licnd of tho (.'olumbiti," Ii, ij a rLcion nnsurpiit^i'd fot ru;;;;("i r,ri'.ii'l-'iir, f< r it" '.vc.ilth of tinihur, rianio, CTi'l ii'h, :'.r.dit(i!!rr.cr:'.b,ini.'lndinj:!;i>ld r.nd silver. Ti(0 ].n iii'dorH h:iVedili.;.:ontly searched its moiin- taiii f.istucsst'E, and bun aUiindi'idly rnwrirdod ; hut, n::o'-iiti:ii; by IJio river iiav'^'iiti '■n, littlo until ri'.'cntly I'ad been dour to oron it to ttio -.vorld. Yet by tho phiri-r m'.nin),', wliii h hns hi en a nit-ro eerati'hiMK of th'.- furfa'.-e, ilO.twO.tXK! of liriti.'h Colniul'ian f^ohl h.",'i alru.d.y bucn L'ot out of its v.,'»'i.'ri'oi:rf'.'3. V.'hcn l]u) roi:to of tl'o (V.noitinn l'nc!i;<> itail'n-.iy '.v;i!' t) bi' !ni>l o'.it bcy( iid tho first crof.i;rG; of tl'.u Coliindna Jtivrr, thcro was jomo f.j-i-.-ula'.ioii :ui ti; 1 ov.- the (jro,-,t. nionntain ir.r.fiu of tl'O iS'jlkirl;'! v.-as to be |;.'i.' tlio Colundiia nifain, at Hevelstokp. The l>;isa in eio-cprl nt an {'levation of •l.lMiiift., tho line ri?.in;,' l,(i8' niih-M \VPr4 of T'iidroal, anil at ],(MOft. ph'vati'Hi abovo (ho i . a. The railway eou'-trnrtio'i o\'er tliix Sel: 'rk ro.ngo ti.a» i'een very dilllcuit, rrniiirinj,' pr^'di ''fs of ICO to IVOft. t.i the mdo, lU'.d eauri:i'^ fi't.io Mtarttin/^ feat" of on(.;ineeriii|; to (iui'eo'"fnlly I'lisn tho dep}> p-^A'-ns th.at arn out ir.tu tho moti'itaina. J'otli riv'TM r.ro wild torrcntn, tho li' !in iianio of nieeillcv.-aet pifTiifyiuf^ tho " ra>;ir^' wnters." Thiy llo'.v hi.'tv.oen unorinriin j p".ks v.'hoso lower ciihn :\;y\ rill th.o vallevn are elothed with m:');anli- cDiit limbor, th" uio of w'.iich huN bor'n lavifili and in fiict molt noee?r.ary In the railway eouftnu'tion. To u't through, m iny bridf^ea and intunntrablo (•■.i.VvVi are i;pee.''h'nry, mid v. ncetion of ntra'j^ht rai!\'i-ny of any len).;th ia nro, Tho (^1^unbia Uiver Hows jiaft tho littlo pcttlo- ment at ]io;iald with mvi'r, p'lrrciit arc! ponn .i hat pteej) baidi.", throujjh a broad vailcj pnclosed by LT' at mou'itains, nnieli lii;o the n'l'rodui'tion of » bit of Eep-.?ry from Switzc^rhind. liiiry work ia f;ninf; ou at biiiliii'^i; houi'pr. for tho new town to aecomtnoihite t!u« jieojdu who are now liviiu,' about in (• n'!i and eabiu'i. Tho surfaeo is covtred with furoLt:! excej'tinij wdiero clear'n:,"^ have roeontlv been maihi, and rtunijis and f;!!lon timber aro all r.b'i'it, uhov.dnK h.ow rerontly tho ]>!aeo has teen rettled. Tho railway (;oo'i nor'.hw:ird alonj; tho C'dumbia Uivor. eronKinr; it just below tho town on a line bri'if'a at 4t.)ft. clvv ition abovo tho water, and then jTocoen.) down tho western bank about I'J mii'is to tl'.o Heaver Hivur. Near by tho littlo f tn'rua krov.-u an Wait-a-bit t'reek falls in. Tho rido r.lo;i;j the Cnhniiliia lliver i.-< beautiful, tho Btroain pontraetiui; and running; swiftly throUi;h a (.'■ino'!, whilo inouutain tervenia oiuno in, makinj^ pi'otty rajiid.M r.ii tl-.ey ru.i under tho railway. Tho river In;:', cut out itn channel by fTindinrj off tho f:i' O'l and cdfreM of tho eliil's, and it makcH a nueees- ri ■■'. ';f (;ra;:d nu-vos direlo?inj' tine viow.i. Tall jiinei cover nil th.o rlopps, and tho radway has to tnnnol tliroutjh tho rocks to j-et around poineoftho r.liar[i bends, t'-'evoral of tho LToat BweopH of tho rivpr form n;rand amphithoatrer., tho walls of rock ri;.i;i|' thouaaiu's of feet abovo us. In fact tlie Cobnnoia Uiver for a few miles Beomsmucli liko a C'lndenscd section cut out of tho Rhino, but ■without its vine-elad liills or lo^ends. 'llio C'oluml'iaV. baidiM are much hii'h.er, and tho river ia at times a torrent. It is hero tliat Ihci'oid hunters I'.ivo been at work, and all throiiidi the interior they hr.vebeen tiiiite suictspful in jdncer niinin;;. Jj"aviiifj the Columbia, tlio railway ciivoa aronrul nl'.nr'ply to ti;p south, and enters tho pi'.non of tho J'eavcr Uiver, a lively .«treani that tlowsdown from the centre of thn Selkirk range. The road is carved out of th.o rocks nlonpsido tho narrow ^or;^o and ascends !i stiff pradc, tho river roarini; and leaping over tho rocky lodges. Tho peculiar manner in v.diich tho ptrata ftand strniplit up and rifjlit across the current makes tho river po over a Bueoes.'-ion of cafc:u!es and. as it were, between so many .t;atp-posts of rock. A jiair of theno juttint; out, so that tho torrent is contracted anil leaps over two waterfalls, have Ixm used for a roadway bridf^o and this is known as tho " yiato," This forniatiou. of successivo lodyja Crossing tho Selkirk Mountain I^nngo. 89 vliinli tlio walor breaks tlirnn^'h li cnliroly (liiTir'nt fnini tlio Jioilvinn, Tlio cnfiim wind:*, nnd tho railway riirvi^n urottnd its 1>ihi1:,h and |;lc'iidily a'lPoiid.M. risiii;,' lii;,'lnT fttin li!t;lirr iilnvo tliii rivi r in oi-cii r tci j;;iin tim tnutaRnry cluviition to rcii.di tli'i Jloj'iTii V:::'i. At tl;i) nuno limu V,'i niountiiiiiK Mirruiindiiij,' na nl,.o ri.o lii(;lier un tlio ir.:tnm ]i"iictr:'.t('M llic r!iiif;i-. All (l.c flniK's uro rl;id xvi'h tinilitr, wMcli i:( iimcli lu'Kcr tl)tm lh:i*. nocii in lliu I\i>c!iic3, nnd riiw-iiull.i firo nl wmU. rirca liinii Immti tliroii;;li licio, and as (uir train jiKiVL'n alnii;^ tlui tiT'Os aro :n-i'u liiiriiiii|; in Kpo's 011^ tl'.o oiipi'sito iK/iKi, llio wind lilovvirur tlui Hinoko oil' tmvaril'i tlin ('(.liiiulii(i. I.;iciii(^ iii^di almvo tho fLiTiun, iin cr:ml-:L(l cdurso is laaiii'i d mil far h( h^w li.i i( wiiii'.s frnm nruiiido i'j) canons, limvn wlii^'h thry iihinj^'u and nwho ^.'''cat ;rap3 vliiih tho railway liaa to f;ot over hy tall tiiulicr ticstli' hrid.;;'S. 8o!iio of tlicHo aro of lari;o pro- j>o;l.ion;t. Tho torrent l;now)\ as ^loonlain i rock IM iro-t(jd on u trrptlo hridj^o ITCii't. hi;.li and GOOft. Ion;,', and tlio railway cni-viiw.; around f,'ivc'a a ),'ofid \ ii w of (ilia jjroat [itrnL'tiiro uftor it is passed. 'J'lio tallor.t of tlu.-.M., and tho ono that ia liLdiovud to ho tho hi(;hnst tiiiiher railway hrid;;o in tho world, is over tlm cafion of tho Stoi;('y('rrclc, D'Jfilt. hi'di and 4rj()fl.k>n(,',a triun lirid;,'oKnciiorti'il iiimn ;;rcat limlKa' towi.ni Imilt op frdjn tho valley fi'.p lielnw. Thi.'i Htartlin^' jtrnetnro im throwti oviT a cataract that fiills down into a deep (.;or;^o and then nij-hen out to tho river. Vv'o halt for 'lo loeoinntivo to tiiko water, and tho piissen;,".;M, who have held tleMr hreatli wliiio ovooain^;, anuisu theni:ielve:i hy rollii:;,' uto'.iva down into the valley beneath. Tliitt portion of tho Tanadian Tncif:'- Railway is part ol tho nio-^t recent conK'ruction, and "tI;o conip.any luivo larf,'0 foreeaof men at work linishin;,' the cuttines and cnihanl-.ments.and laiildint; rnow- flieds at tho places whero avahmeliea occur thnt lni,';ht oli'trnet traflic. Much of tho roadway is cut out of niont'.tain sich.'S formed hir."ol3- of f;r,iycl, or iin idopea wiieru honldcra and {;rjat imi:-seit of luiU-liurnt trunks of trees lio iin tho eround. Kuiiil'.cr.'i of men aro .\t wi:ik cleariuf,' tlicso slopes. (Ul'.or forces aro ciittinj; tiudii rs, Fqni'.rin:.j tl'.em and prcparin,';; piles for llio snow-sheds which aro hein.>:j con^trnctld further up in tho r;in'.^i<. V.'l'.en wo jvis.-i'ti thr(ui;;h, tliero wer^' ahoiit <),.'iOO men en!.;a"ed in tlieso various occui .lioliK. 110 .'-no v.-;ih(^ds aro solid structures of crih- r!r Dud piliufj, tilled in wirh Ktino, and plae(d whero- cver u " rnow-i-lido " arpe.ara on tho numntaiii sido. Tlie.su routes of thu avalancho aa it plunj;es with ro.'^i-tlesH forco down into tlio valKy can lio tasily rico;;ni?:<'d. L\iTythin^' is Ecrapi d Irem tho Ptn'fi.co whero tho nia.sa i-lioots xh:mst tRi littlo stream, ai,d enter t!:u l!o(.'era J'rt.'U, It is a curving; i-'."fH^' cut deeoly l-etweeu two prpat 1 oaks riain.'.;- fll,ec]ily on eill.ot ban.l,tii(dr crevices (ill ■(! with aiiow. t)no ia l\ri:unt Carroll, olevatod ."i.riri.Si't. ahovo tho iidlwny, and tho other iHount llormit, .!,w;!ft, ThcKo moiiarrli.i of tho pi'ss re -idvod their niinios in diileicnt wa;?. Tho hi/^hivt was niimc.l after an cn^iiu cp who accompanied Major ];of;era in Ids explMi-al imi hut v.T.ntcd to turn hack, whi'n tl:o vc>le'aii pioneer raid ho would nanio tho hi^heft nuumtain in Iho raiife after him if ho would only pcr.-^evcro. lio (.id. ro and was thus rewarded, thi tho fhiirplv deline'd ti.)> of M(-unt Hermit thero is a jiiiinaelc of rocli that looks liko a lioocled-nionk Htandint; erect, whilo in front sits a littlo dcfj in a po'iiion ( f cx- pretancy. 'J'luia camo ila nemo. Tlie.'-o peaks risa ahexe tho pa."s aInioBt pcrpciHlicularly and give u laountaiii sccno exceeding uiiytloin,' elpo on tho lino f(.r startlii't; f:rai;(';eur. ^\ h( n tliey havo been parred tho f;orf.;o bro.uieus, so that at, tlio actual Eur.imit thero is a valley about SOOft. wido with Ipvol land {jivinj; o] ]iortunity for a flation, ■i(iin;.,s, and, etranf^oly cnoil(.h, a town ; for !;ero has j^Town a mu"! room f.otllcnicnt of liouor hhiiH, dancing balls, and Iho like, with i):o usual nncai,;on.tldo population of u iron- tior town, all sorts of chariM lors loin," attnuloil by the nioney-.jjfni^.ii,,'; ability <.f tho larj o forco of railway labourers in tho nci/dibourln od. Til y live in framof h.'.ntita that will diiaj pear wl.ru tho fttlra-.ticn that briur;.-. ibciroccuptuila tof i !hcr iij witbdriiv n '-pon tho eonipleiirn of the railv.iy work. T' •■ p, ss it.-'olf is rnrroundcd withf;ii.ab J'caks, sio .V .■ V(rii'. with llui Wi'tt rd r.owiii;; o,il from tiiniunri tli in f cvi r.il c'.iiroTiln. nUii.i:ilc!y ui;ifinK to form tlio iiMr. / Idiicb'iIo lliin (''""fi" '''" co:n)'(uiy iiro liiiililiiif; luioll.' r JTotty bv.ifs cl.r.let fi r i\ rtoi-tiii'i;; i-lai'i-, vhifii tliy chU llio " (nuoicr ilotil. Hi v. ml iirtixt? v.iro in tin ({oi(,u fliiUclMp;; (ho mn[iii!i- r. lit m< Mil.'iin vi< v.s it (jvm. 'Jim ruilwfiy iiv.uln of lliia I'iivino mill of niioMnr lint conn ii into it nt rii;lit ni'f.lim a fliort iliiitiil'CO lujow, to ;, t;t ilowii «.iii. of till) I'liPM. Ilo line, by niPiitcd douMo loopB, nil's for sis liiilcH, lUi-cnulu (idiift,, mul no- cinijli^liia jiiHt tv.o i.iiku of nctur.l ilittiuico. IJirt ia lui ncliiiivtiiunt of uii'vimtTiT'; tlmt it {I'l: ftri.iiv.iiy |;iiiiuB to conciiM' of iind ciicriTrfnlly fXicHto. riist till' liiio riiim loiithwuril iilo::.^ till' f.ulu of tl'.o f,or(;i! towimls tl c. iJai^ior. ll.i 11 it ti'o.-!B(. ft liifli l.:ii'f;ij liiiil LiirvcH Li.rli t:n t'ui ol-liir eiiie, ('(i.iii','< i>iit ni^itr whtiu it t't:iri<.il l:':t iit a liiiicii lower luvol. Is'cxt it ciu'vfs roiinil iiito tlKi second rii'ii.o, Bwirij.s I'lnofii it, and oi r.to in.rl: lt|,iii)i I'.t i'.X'U. lovii- lovil, yet only K'tH't. fuiilior down tie jittB. 'J!. 11 it doul'k* 11] i.ii itulf, M.d cnifi'oii t! u rivor, ij!;nir(iinliily iviro: hiiif; vp'.hi. limo MO six i.!i lo.'ii. ]'nri'.llol iiucB of n.ilviiy in lidl vJi'W, tufh ivt 11 lowiH" ►<.»!, o, w;J «;vth nmdi; np JjTK'.'ly oi l'.i:> o tKHllo LiiilfiH. Theio aro tl o " loj'j.'O " of tl'O C'iHiiidiiin 1': 1 iljo vKoHO fiii:>o lis u riiilviivy fi>ii1. hiin iiono idnoad, wd when wu look do.'.ii ni, il.<-;;ifron! ilio lnji if tliottrui ;;c lOTirtnic- tioii, it Inoltd no if tlio iiiilv.ny ww. l.oiu^' tv. i:jttJ i;i(o tl'O L.iltiin of nf.rcst jiliv^. Till) ii'.vino ihnn-.p.h whii'li ll'c Ill('iTill(.w.''tt Rivor Jli.H-H iu cl<;scly followud l.y llio rnil-.vny down to tl;o inuuili of tJ.o tlnfuni iit tl'o Oolundiin jiiviT. ]i it, a i.i op nnd cToi 1(1 d ci'.non, tli^ iiMr I'vi ry- Vioro a ii:f;ii!(/ toni (.'"liimbiU|tliere in a fucoiid Kor(:i>.bi-oiii!ir imt nmcli niniilnr. Tho hn/jo taonnlidn known iih tho Twin Ibillo Ju piiwfd, which b.'ii. aniitt'li cut in th,; i ink, dividin(( it into two Hnnimita. Tho vi^;elaiiciii b(.co!nes rioro lnMirii;n(, oa (ho Cilnndia iu 14] I r-aelK d, ond inaiiy of tho liecu bei.r niofm, v.hich i;i I aid to furnith tho winter fooil fi r tho diir, \Vo ri'lo nir fl; al cropvin;r to IhenorlU bunk of tho Jileoillewaet. which hi^a ibno fiuli p od Hcrvieo iu (.(niiiuif; tlio rcdwcy donnoutoll i'le nii'iiiitniiir, nn.1 then it nirhcH nu.'vy fr>>ni on t» iiid its conrm in (he ( olrinbiii, ']'l o rown o2 border. n;; iieftks continno out to tho laruer rivor, whieli |!.'V, 11 a bri ad plrcani Hiiithwnid bot*eeii tho ian).eii ]iast tho (;reat IMonnt r.e;,bio. TT.o rc.ilv.siy cm: :icr. tlic levol forcit, whore tho hn(;j ceiiiiri' Imvo Hourly Jdl lucn burnt, and conim ti» thid httle town ol bloveh-toko. The Hcarred uLeniiia of tho hollow tn oa cover the (.;roui.d vhiell hau jusi; been denied to lit tho ridlwr.y thioiieli. liroct I'ren have ulnieNt deniroyed I'lip tin;l)ir OU much of thu uloi^eu of thu t'oluinbia, tlii,.^u bi.( tree.1, wlncli i.io all liulUn,, :i:iiii:'; .■;- .•■■ 11...11/, thimncya «hpii Iho fl.itiuM rouli thorn. Tlv.) niil" w;iy or. >t!fci' 1 ho ri VI r and nilj'iteiit lowb'ir.dn on a lub.'itnnliiil briclt:n no:'.rly a mile lon^; and ni bOi'i. ihv.iti'n to icek iirt funher Wi :ilwaril route. L< rj Ivevel.sli ki''.'! naiiu Kiiku on the Ci'lonihia i-s pracli- C(dly a niinni(,'-eaiiiii of littlo Wooden lioii-' .■! H]aead aloiu; a rin\io iitriui ne.ir tlm rivor bai I:, iMid bc^'un lonjj i\'fiiro iho railway ciuno lhroii{.;li, as n veiiiie/vomi for tho (,'oId-huniei!i, 'J'lviiiiM of j.riL'k-horros Mt.;rt from Jieio to ciu'iy PiiiFjilii'.s to ll.o inir.e-:! fa;- in tho in ei ior, and tho littlo li \\i\ has about liOU to •llll» jio) ulation. ^^■o halt f^.r tiio ni;;ht union;; thu burnt f.ire;.t tree's on the ed.'o of the town, and tho je\uney ucrosa tho fcJulkiils jMounlaiu nuij^o i» comijlclcil. X\ lll.-APiT;().\('IIIN(i TlIM l'.\(.'ll''ia SbOI'IC. KAMi.uoi'S, ]Ji;iTisii t)(Ji-t:.\ii;iA, Hsvi. lu. Tin) [irovinco of IJritiflli C'oliinibia in no loni;--!' n reianto and alino.-it unc;vr;d-for jiortioii of llio liritith r.nijjiro. 'J'ho oomiiletion of tho t:anHi:on- tinenlal railway lull broil, ;ht tluH di,~:tant ri'^imj within conip:'.ratively ch>so nei,'^hliourli'>od of (he mother country, and it is ncnv boin,',' roaliv.od wh.if a vabiablo colony thin u. Ilor Rolil and silver, horBlorcsof tinibor, hercLittlo ran','esund fl.-lieriea, end her vart lioard.9 of nndev., loped wealth iu iiuner:ds and ngrieultnro aro alre.-idy inipre.<,-in;; til- nation wilii her Tiierits and enornioiis fiuuro possibilities, 'i'ho province contains a .iturily raee, iwnl it is quito probablo that had it not been I'T their urgency tho Can.idiau J'acilic! Uaihv.iy nii'Iit not liavo boi'ii built across tho nuiunt.vin.j. Tliis was the condition of tho )>rovincu ciiterini^ tho Dominion Oonfediirntion, and when the coii.'ii.nio- tion ludlcd thoKO ])eoplo deni.-.nled its fidliliiient_ .•ind bnally i-tcured tho result. Tins fIVi ct upon (!i« develoi niont of .Uriti-li Cobiiiibi ;, by thus openi'!;j elo.so cohuiiuniealinn wi.ii (.'aiiada and ];ii;;I:nid, las already I ;een le.Mked and Wlil he i\;'ri.r e\- id. Ti pacK-l; d tl lu canoe wiTe noli ago tho chief niethodj of tranijUoriiilion oil Approiu'Mnp; tlio Piicilio Flopo. 41 lliu I'licilii.' (ili)iK', Imt now th. y urn lir.-;; 'ly n pl.t l.1 liytlnt r.-iilwiy. 'I'lii-i |ii"i[ilu h, ro iiro v. I'y iivoud ct" lliii, iiml iiiipri'ciiitu kc iily tliiir fnlv:uiL'v;.;c3. llaviii.; luuuiL'il tlio {^rcivt iiiDiiiituin imd;,' 'a, wo vtjiiuwo'l our wu Iwui'il jnunicy niiil Ui't tlio (.'iiliiiiibiiv UiviT to cruas Mi.i iUuil riil;^o, thu (Jotd ur Count rim-jo, liiiil j;ot to llui biiti-T-.tutlloil pM-tn of lU'ilii'h Coliimlii^i. Tlio railw.iy to ucC'iiaplish liiiM (joua over tlio nioiiiUiiind by oaay yr.iiUcuifl iiiul tliroiidi ;i irvf.iir.il juhm. It li;is to risio but iriOfC. frmii tlio ''(ihimbiii IliviT to ilotiii.H, niul (U'J voiito t.'ik 11 cli.'innM oiio with tlio luiimu r in which ii:itiiro Idiil out 111) liisluv.'.y b 'foni t!io riiilwiiy tamo ulonij. It is wi'U known tli.it tho woslorn dill of tlio railway luul it:i coiiBtriiotion b( jfun nt tlio I'noiru! const, tlio buiMiii'^'of tho lino jirojjrcsp- in;?c'istw;inl towan!:) tliu moiinl'^illH, Wli.ii tin roiitii liiul lu '.n laid out to tho 'Ycsti'rn eIooo dC tliolioMra'ifJo, thn rlij,'iin.'rrs worn )ni;7.1i d to ai'K'i't tho ri;;'it dii-i ol.i(;ii to j,'o to liuu'j IV pusfi tliront^h tho niiif,"'. Tho story ia told tliiit wliun tliuy Wrro in doiibu wliioh of Uvo eU'ivmis to follow up, they obfiorvcd (in i';';;lt' who c.iiiio I'yii'g !ilo!i,'.% iiiid ho took tho roulu by oim of thi'iii :iud clis.ijipwirL'd throii:;h tho iiioiiuLuina. Tlit.'y folluiVi'il liiin and fouiiil u low i'.:id pi-iicOic.'.blo roulo, niid it wai nuiiR'd tho ]i,ij;lo I'.ius, hihI tho sivciim coniiiii; out fioni it tho E/-:.:l.i Rivlt. T!io r.iilw-iy is l.vid ;m 'j; !i Mieuost'ion of 1;',1cl") nud coiinoctlng ptrLMioM tht't conduct it tlivoiifjh tho nioiuitiiins, inid by ooui- li.'i.'utivi ly o;i."y Ki'adii'iua it j^ut.s both up to and down fioin tho p.iii.'i. Tho n';.;ion travir.^cd ia a (.(. vld-pr.iducin;.; ruulion, and prospoclorti and ph-C. r lainora iiro nuiiii'VouM, Ihniij^li thtTo avo scarooly any olhi.r aottlciiK'nta anywluro in tliK mountains!, 'i'ho valley of a li tlio fltruam llowing from tho soulh- vost ia followod for ftboiit iiiiii' iiiih-s to Rut up to tho pass, whii'li ia at J,'J!)(ift. oli'v:i,li'>n. Tho tiold iMiif^o ha:i Bomu snow-cippod poak.s, but },;(;ni.Tally thi y aru niiioh hnvur tlian tho Itookiia or thu hii !l;iik:i, and h:ivo inoro roiindrd topM, buil';; coinpo. L'd of lonso uiatcvi ihi, i-Li]uirilig Viry littln dilliciilt roL'k cuttiuf^ in buildiii}; IIuj line, Tho I' (.^ion ia a iiniviM-ial fonst in tho valhya ivnd upon tlm inoiinlaui slupis, but tirns liavo boon ovoryuhiro ami iii;ido a niiK;t doMilatoaiid fiirliiiMin;.; fitoiio, (ho Bcorcln^d tnink.s of tho p'c.t triiia tlaiKuiij; tip ur lyii';,' almut in oonfu.-iion over thu riiuj^h iiuvfars). A.s tho road bed bay bcon only roo\ ntly compluicd, niuoh work in ).:oiiijj on lit liiiiuliiii;^- ilio aloi o.s and ball."..sLiii); tho lino, and Lu-;;o niimliLTH of Chin.-.inon nvo cii!;,ai;cd ac it. TliL'yu follo'.v.s ai-o v.illiu|{, but it iti i^.-iid thoy can only do about half tli'< work of a vldlo man, and thi'ir p'ly io llirto Klullii;;.;^ u day. Tlioy cuciniip uh.):i;; tho Kti", u: utiUy in tciita, and kci;p gomU Imuiourc'd and jolly uo lou;; as tlxy aru v/oU fed. Tiioy n>'vnr j,oi. any of their wa;^o.H, tlicso jiioii:;,' to tlio Chiiicro Couipi-.ny at Vicioria 1hat f\n-ni:-.l'.c3 thi-m to laboiir on tJio railway and ki,opa them fully !iujipii(;d. All tlu'oii di thin rc'ijic.n rain haa bieu un- kiMnvn tor :i lo;i;; time, and ovi-vythi.l;; in dry ai'.d du.~.!v. ]'')re3 uro lui'Miu;; in m.tiiy pl.icui in llii fi-re.is, .-.'id liiliiMy umoiij.; tho lii!;;o c(;di'.r lreo;j. Tlas^o triin!;sj two all dce.'yod and J'olloi,-, aoil act li'o doiiircy:! whou tho Gro tota into thuui, and if tho tali truuk fi Ihi it currii a t! o Ihiinon ii leuij dir.l'Uiro. 'lliero iiio I'iif.o HuriacLH, howdvur, thai, liavo ti.ei'.pcd lliii liroi, iMid nii'.;'M, r'jUared timbor, anil lirewood a«niiinn Bldpiiniit. 'J ho lal,.,i'P ill very cheap, troiti/; but lifl. u Ci'ul, ens i.nd jiile.l r.lon/.;'ido iho lim>. Viu (;o ihriiiiidi tlico forosli to tiio Biniinut of tl o pH:.:i, whi"h in tl..> diviilin,; ridf;i) beiuein the waters i.Oek 'i;r Iho ] fteiiio (Ai an by tiio t'olumbia Jllver and ilu;« i IbiWiiiK wei'twar.l tliroii!.;li tin. Franrr Itiver. At I o '.cutal j.niiimit thero i.-i a Ion - iiul narrow Id- \ ot beautiful et ur water iiiinoiindv d liy li:);U moimliiiiiB. 'iiiia i;i tho bepiiiuiii;; of tlu Ka^jio Kiver, and tho railway r(.uto ia cut, ciuu i/i tiio rocl;y li.iiil r of thi) lal.ii. Its niiuliii^' kliL-n u ami oviraiiu;;;ii;,' (difiB ino Very pretty, 'ilieii lli • liiiki follow.i tho J^nde Itiver titjv.n till) wi'f li Ml kli»i 0, a BuuuiKLiion of loii)' ii'iirow JnkeH mid their uon- neeliii!^' Btrciini.i, tho raihviiy Bei kiuj^ (uo bIioivi ur tile otiii r us lia:i b"iit prei.med a fi asildo linu. While tho eei nery i:i line, thei'.i in ludhin;; liko ihu Blarlliii;; uafioiiii and tirrilJo ( ii;,'iii-.:t.Ti»;; I'ei.'ii in the other woiiiilaui ru',):i (', tbou.v.li iiotidMy tho repi'ated ti;;liibiiiiiii:i i.f inountiiin pii.-'in h and hui.- eatioual railway builuin^; iiavu I'au.si il that nort of thin;,' to pi.'vli ii)'on U8, Lako iiUer lako iupiit.ed, tho li'iu/it i:eiiJK th'' Tin- Valh'y Lake, v.liii li sirctcln a threi' aruin into us iiuiny (;or:'e'i in thu niouut.iiua. Tlu^ lakea and .sirams arci lull i i liuh, lind thoii» md.'! (U' trout and Mdaion can buai^ii rwimiiunt; in tin ir clear wuti-'ra, u yeat teinptu- timi to the nTi;;i(r. It ia in this attractivo njdi'U that wo jia'.s a litilo nt.iidon aloii^t.ido the l';;i;;lo Jiiver, \:,i':J nnh'S fnim iJlontivul, v.hich liiei lieen j;!^'' " ^h.ii Miirdy .Scotch nuao of t'n'ii;idlachi('. It wa-; la ro in I'l'ovomlrjr, l."-;!!'), that f^ir J/oiiidd A. Gmilb, in tl;-.,' prei.eiico of a Ismail party oi" railvtay ctii i'tiiim;, drovu llii) belt f'piko that rmida'd the railvve;, by connect in;; tlio two ends which iiad been buiidio'; ti.ward^i each tiLlier froM Im.u i e, ;;ii;t. li, .i iinleworthy in thi.i conmn.on that whilo tiio Northern racilio Hnilv.iiy liual I'pd.c-drivin;; v.m.i niadu tho ociiaaion of a j{i(;.iiuii! r::c,ir. ii ii tl '.i bail no Ki.oiur (,ot Imuio than tho then ir.an:i;;e- iiKut of tho company collapsed, tho (''.iiunliau I'acilio tirial !)>iko-drivinghad no lucii mil'oi'tuiau.) re.-nilt. Tho j^rcat event wuu mode.slly duno and as m^derlly celelnMlud. After it wan over I am told that all hands wont liuhinj,' und had mo.,t {^Inrioua iiport. 'ihu Ka.'^lo liivor leads un down to theClreat Shu.iwap Lako, bo mnrmd fri.m tho Indian iri'i'j that livcid on its baiiiCfi and who s.i.ill luivo a " ve- !:eivo " thoro. This is a mont reiH;;rl:ai hj body tu water. It Ilea ai.ion;;- tlio luinintaiu rldjos, and ceuiscijuontly estenda ita ion;; na"ruw urma a'uii;; tliu iutcrveiiiii;-; valleya liku a lm;;o oe'topna in hali-a-ilo/.en diicctie'iis. Tlici'o nrma aro n:a;.y inilci Ion:,', and vary from a few huhdred yardy to two or three milo.i in brtaiUh., and their lo.'.'.h, bold rhe'rea. frin;.od by tho little narrow beaeli of rand Mid jiebiil'.:!, with idternatim; b.ays and capca, ^ivo licauiifid viowi). Tho railway crossca onu of tl.e«o arii.ji by a iliav,br:il;;o at I'-Ueumoua Karruwa, and then !.;oe3 for a loii^' dii'lalieo aloi\'.c ti.o Ecuthern shore.i of tho lake, runniu;; iiiLirely around tho end of tho " Salnmii Arm.'' Fi>r M) niilca tha lii'O windu in and out t!io bcndin;;- shores, wliio wild ,i;ee;H> and diiek;; liy over tlio Widcra nrd li^Jit and fdiadow play u]ion tho ojij.oritc bank:) lldj laVe with. i':i i.i'rderiujj ide.) rs ;jiveti a lino i':- l;:i:uior of ^'eutti::!! iCi.!,ery. 'J ):c lailv.i.y in '..eiti;;j arnuud it leails at diliVrunt and many timea , i.ow:iida evcrv uiiu oi tho o'^ l)OUil.:i of luo cu.;ip.>.J A\ A Canadia-i Tour Loaviiif,' ;iiitoi;.i poiirfo iircmiiil tl'O limuii'tair.s t"' roarh tlio " Soiitly-wcMcm Arii'," till) liiiu li KUv etnkes tliroud: '-lie fcrcst ovir tho l(>|i oi ilio iiiti rvi-niii;; rlii(,u. Wo fciiiu mUaU p<'rio (!(i') fi'ot clcvatitin iiljovo ttiia " uriii," aiul {;vt 11 irmfniilicciit view ncroPH tlio lake, its \viiHht;« Bli'irfs (!!i \<(a\\ riiU s (if t!;o Iri'u ami nd'.rinv sl'C't ot v/.itiT Bti-k'ttliiir; fnr on filhor liMul, 'thliifh liiomit;-.)!! ri'l'.va for tlio orposito bnc-l;vToi;i..l. Tho liiiii rrradiially rr.i'.s (lned by tho eipht of (crana, fenced titl.lc, RriwinK pro; s, haystacks, nnd (;ood fr.rinlirr..'i a on tlio 1( vjI f:ur!aee, w\ ilo lieidsof c.iltle, phcep, and horfea roani over th.o valloy and hordtrinp hills in larcy numhcra. Tl'in is a ranehins; coviniry txteti'lint; fa.r into tho inoiinti'':i Vrtllcvs v,-es of the Gold Knnf.o on both fides of tliu railway, and is ono of the pirdcn qiota cf Kritifl: Crh.ind ia. .'I is in the dry rejjion, how- t'VPV, and 1 %'erytl.inf; i arched and dusiy, irripa- licn heinfc necessary, 'jhc Tliomj ;on river v.ilhy is Well rottled f.-r a lon^' distance, and itf- rar.ch.evs [•ell larr;0 iiuinhera of their tr.ri lii.i cattle to tlio rancliiiiir <;i:irict of Albirla. Tlio )e<.i'!o arn crm- laratively old [cttler.'-, haviner C( nio in fnni tho Jiieiiic coaiit, ami it doea one's h.eart pood, after havini; pacpod il:o rudo littlo pabins and huts ct the plaiiifl and mounlaiiip, to eeo thtir nea! and trim potta<;ps. vilh the evii'enccb of thrift tha.t aro all around, ll is in tho heart of th.ia llol;ri^hin;J ri- ion that the town of K.ar.d-iopr is situated. 'Jim l:oith folk of the 'rionij son riwr con-.r-s down from the ir.ountairiS of I'jper Colunibia and. joins tho n.ain tdeni, aiul hero nia.ny years n;o, with an eyo to lndi;ui tradinp, tho I!ni!sons' ]!;'.y (."on;j .'iuy oitahli.sl'.cd a y.):.'. . Tlio Indi.-.n name ol Kandi:o] s, lueaiiin;; tho " junction of tho waters," vas f;iveii it, ar.il LTailually a Ftttleuicnt frew that now l.i.B about 7L" po]u!ution aud is tho di'rr; I'K for tlio rr.neiiiFir: uislr;ct. It is in a j lelly r,p< t. 'J'ho broad valliy is intcr.'ected ly ni:o'l.er eonduf; into it at richt anj,den. Tho rivers How over the j.lain i.i.d ihu.lly ji.;n. There is b<'f h a hackc.ri ud nnd n Ion gioiiiul of bordirinj.; liills, and t] > town f'trctchea alou); a ain).dc Ftreot at tho iid{;o (jf iho river. At either end tlio Chinese ha o sit uj^ their ppocial littlo ti^wns, v.h.ilo th.o I':;f;lifh rer.lde-iits < cciipy tho pcr.tre. 'J'l e railway track enilo.ci; witli 1 lar.ks runs aim;; the niidd'o of tho strecl, rniitl.isisth.il fcotv.aik i.id ] ronienade, Littlo itiaiuboata aro on the river, nnd a raw-null is 1:'vi.''kly at wor:.. There is a lart,-o hotel and a news- j apcr, and th.o dwellint;-liousea aro comfortablo and lu tioiuo casui Quito lino. It is a pruspcroui town. In suppr.T-fuI bufincrti, ."nd of about L" ycnrs (.Towth and is an imp. 'i taut station on tho Canauian racilio Kailway, L',Coi uiiloa wtst oi ^jLontrcul. XIX.— DKRrT-NDTXr. TIII^ PAf'Trin F.Lnrw, VAN('(Jl"'>i.U, ]!1.1T1.<11 CObi'.Mia.V, Si;rr. 1!!. N.aturo'a hi:;hvv:iy.'i aro earefully followed Vy tlia Canadian racilicliailway in getting; down froiii tho Gold KaufTO in Eritish Columbia and through tha very rouf,di country to tho wostw.ird, and iinally out to th'j terminus of tho lino on tho w.atcrs of tlio P.acilic. Tho aeries of watercourses whoso cafiona aro niado nso of began with, tho K.v;,do Uivir, whieh ran into tho Thoi.i|i.ion Itiver, and this then takes tho railway to tlio I'ras'T Liver .and that to tlio sea. Lelow Kamloc-ps h.jtli Etrc.ania flow th.roU")i d"ep canons mvl trav^rso a rocky and moinitainous ro;.;ion that n...I;cs railway I'uildln;; extremely I'illi- cult, ^itaillii',:; as was tiio ride t.hr :>u;,'h tho Uocki(;3 .anil S'lkiiks, tho carvinj; out of the lino upon tho Bterp banks of tho deep and Vi'indini; ca.r.ons ol tho Tiioniiison and Fr.aser J-iivershas alro called for j^'roat ( iifjineerin;; skill, and ;;ives for hinidredfi of jniks a lir.eo-s.Tiic.i of sujierbEcenes and ni.a,';niiici nt disjdays of ^ho .art of suce.-.'sful road-nial;inj;. Tha line {.;o;'a tltrGU!;h an almost uniiiiiahited eouni''V after tho Kamloops ilistriot is left, and tho reason for this is because most of the land is set on end, Tho river yorges break throupji the northo'-n jir.)- I(itv:;alion of tho Cascado 7il';n;;fr\in r.anijo o( t.'ricin,and aUhouf;h few of tl;j peaks a;-o hi.c'i euor.jd! to 1)0 covired with snow, yet they are nubl i.r.d ru,';;eil beyond eleseriptiosi. It is at tho K-.'.mh'ops Lake, a beautiful aheet of w.ator into which tho 'i.'iionqison J'.iver wide-.'.s just below tho town, tluA tho lino s'jonory of tho ca;ion be-rins. Thi." lako is about 'JO nuh's hy.'.it, anel a mil" or tv.'o wide. 'J'ho river abovo it meMinler.-i in carol, .^.s cr.iilcoliic.is tliroiigU a valloy that is en(d.i.-.v,d by parallel rid;,'cs of round-topp.ed, furrowed, and water-worn hills, tho b.dtoni i.ar.d.i makinj; a fjood \ivia'u\% coinitry, with many lienis of cattle. 'J"l o !ako sprca !s across this valley, tho burdi ri.M-.; "lills, however, chan;;i..i? to towcrin;; rooks, whieli becomo hij^lior as th.u uMuntain ran;;» is entered. They bear no timber, .and the ."euubro aspect of tho dill's, Willi the parched brown vo •.etation, con- tra:(ts sharply with tho Jirj^ht }.;recn waters. The railway ha-i to bo carried on k-d/e^^ anel throu;,ii tuinielu on tho M uthern b.ank, tio views eiver i''0 lako boini: beautiful as tho route wind.'< in and out, now p.ierciuf,' a tunnel anel now Imni,' upon a britli;o over some f^reat li.s.-,uro. A hali-Jo;'.eu rocky ri'(;;es stretch acro.-.s tlii.s lako, aud !;avo been brok-n tliroi'fdi by the watora to that it I're.e'iits a ce.-ie.i of hii;:! I'roiiiontories and interveuin;: b.ays. Teo littlo vilhic." of .'^ kV'inas is at ti;o fooi of tho lakv, .and below this tho ;,'c)ri,'0 navroiv.s and th.? Thomii- Fon Jtiver Ihnva out Muth swiit curro!'; toward;! tho Bea, plu:it;ini; with n;ad paeo over th:i succession;* of rajiid:! at iho bottom of tho c.iiion. This canon broai'eiis and narrows r.a tho iiiounlaiii eli.iiua a|.proach or rccnle, and tho railway )n carried hi ,di abovo tho river on tho isunthorn Biele. 'Whero tiio bottom lands '';;rca.i out tiiO liver wiu'ls throti:;'; thenuleavir.!,' iLils or bars. It in on tl..",e, and tlio Randy or.tllow.i of the niountaiu streams v.hieli fall in, that much !,'ol;l has beeii found, and both nero :ind on tho I'r.'.aer Kiver can bo seen tlio ),-ol.l hunters ^dlakill■: their " cradles " to wash tho ratul from tho !,'r)ld dn.d. In tlio botionis nud oa tho lulls along t.us rivor I Descending tlie Pacific Blnpe. 43 until the gnr^B runs too far into tho mountains tho grivzini; isj^no l/ind thcroaro evidouco.s of poino Bottl'ni'.nt, ivitli cittlo-hei'ils and liorsc.H foodiiif,' on tiio " minr' rass," which looks in its dried condition lik.. > !niich Iriy. Holoiv this part, Iiowovcr, tlu roc-k.'j bucoino too stcop to inTinit (jf much haliit itiiin, and tho fow people aeon aro bithrr Indi.ijK or Chinaiiien, and nsuallv at v,-ork on tlin railroad. IJot'.voon dirt and siinhurn, and tho adoption of tho cast-nl'f c'.othina; of tli;) wliito man, tho (_'(dcslials and tho savat^cs arc gottin,' to look very much alike. Tlioy encamp in tents ( r in tnrf-covcrod ca'oin.i, Ronietimos Imrrowiii.,' tlu-ir homos ont of tho hilhjithi, v.'hero a lo;' frnnr is put in with a door. Thoir living? in very primitive, and 'ilioy are about aa near tlie fjra 'o of tho eavaire ps can well bo inia;;ined. Our C'hina;nan cook oii tho railway coach looks (iown v.ith contejiipt on thoso Celistials who baiidio tho nlu)vrl nnd pick on tho lino, and dochiren tlicir casto ia far below his ; that they liavo sold thrnipclvea to " Wini,' (ice." at Victoria ; that ho j.;i'ts all their moiu.'y, and .sel's them all their suj-plies at nevoral hundred p(.r cent. pr(ifit. In facf, thoy seem to bo held in ,a sort of bon''af;o by the C'hincse factors who furni.-.h labour when larfjo numbers of men an^ wanted for public works. Ibit wh.atever may bo tlio arraoi;''- jiieiit, were it not for t!ie Indians and Chiiiai.ien this part of tlio coimlry would bo very sh.ort of population. I never saw a pl.'ico wl:ero tliere wr.a Bucli a lack of wliito men, and th.o room for tho number of inhabitants to increase is <,'reat indeed. The Celestials lirins,' all their home cu.-itoms with them. AVo saw several of their little u'ravevarda with rod and striped banners flvinji frcjm staffs Bct up in them, while tho white ))0;-,t \>\\t at tho p'avo usually bad a red streamer wav- ing; in tho wind. Une banner, it was explained to UB, meant, " Man dead;'' thr. o banners, "Devil keep off." Tho question was asked whether his Satanic majesty obeyed this, and the answer camo (juickly, " I'evii no like red lla;,'." A liiiht bridi;e dei^p down in tho canon thrown across tho Thompson Itivcr, wdiern several road--, come totjether out of tho mountains, gives a nai\^o to tho station (if '' Spence'.-i T'ridpo." Jlero wero reen several caravans of tho irreat ox-teains tliat aro used in this country of terrible hills. It. is no imusual thinj; to j-oko I'J nxen together t>i d.raw one of tho bi'.j wapnis that ce>rry Rup];lie3 far into the interior. The procession trudircs aloni^,maki;ii; .ilow progress and a great dust. but strictly obeyii'g tho driver'.s c lers. All tho settleni' ntn in tl.i.i region wero originally ma.le Viy the gold buiUevs, who moved about as jirospocts wero good or bad. A B the Thompson Kiver cafum gets further in*', tho mountains 'ho gorge liocom.es deejior ami nar- rower and the scenery eve:' more grand. Tho hills aro denuded of trees, but some scrub timber ;ri .v.'S in (sheltered jMirts or tho valloya. Tho rivi . !>i'- comes a wild torrent. The railway b.as a diilieult route, is laid high abov(> the wat'^r^ and crovse? a great nimib(>r of tre.-'tle-bridgea liver t!io fisL-ures in the sides of tho cafi.-r., v,hili> it has to pierce cl id' aft U' cl id" through tunnels. The sides of the gorge in most ]>laces .are jirecipitons, making it impossible to get down to tho water's edge. A wagon rciad is cut into tlie iirccipice along the top, high above tho stream, ami here are ceen a party of Indians with their ponies, movie.-; their hoiir.ehohl g(>odH (Ui the animals' iiaeks. l;-r., it aeems perilous navigation to go along sueli a roadway in .'uch a dangi r.-ni.? place, (-ntirrly im- {irotcctod from falling far d'lwn into the iihyM.-i )elow. The"e the cafion gradually winds its way into tho n'.imntains and ap^iroaclies tlie bighi.i-i peal,-a, some with snow-rifts on their summits, which horder the canon of tho Fraser Rii'er. And linally wo come to Lytton, a town started by a eoK>ny of gold-miners at the junction of the two rivers, but whose occupation has been loit by tho bar they were working upon getting wa' .led out. It has a scatt(ri'd .array of little huts and cabins with a few larger buildings, and covers (piito a i^'-rgo space on a (lat overbxikiug t'.?o two streams. That tile town has aomo age is shown by two neat nnd I'artly lilkd eemetcries, each with a cross sur- monnting its gateway. Tile i rasi r Itiver ia the chief watercourse of JV.'iti.s'i Columbia, rising in tho northern portion of the Uiiikits, ai.d tlowing for about oOO miles before it begins to briak through tho mountains on its ■\-,'av to tho Strait of Oeorgia. It passes Lytton as ik full stream with rapid, turbid cummf, which, 'vheii the Thompson River ia added, becomes much largiT and at times a foaming torrent. It (lows tliri>!;(,'h a deep and ro(.-ky gorge, Init with the slof es nnd bottoms better timbered than tho Tl'.omjison Kivi-r valley. Tho scenery is, if an}-- thiuET, (ui a grander scale, and the huge rocks that \\-.y ■ fallen into tho water have been worn by tho action ot the olement-s into foims like towers, oastle.i, and rows of hridgo piers with the swift curre.ii eddying around tiiom. Tho cliiFa that cncompas.i tiie river rise for thousands of feet, and ill many places stand up like solid walls, or jut tint, and almost bar tlie passage. A pair of such protruding promontories is used by tho rail- waj- to cross tlio river on a line iron bridge, but it has to tunnel one of tho cliffs to secure a safe route on tlio opposite bank. Tho great number of moTuitain torrents coming in, and tho rocky buttresses that intervene, mako tho railway for miles a succession of tunnels and trestle bridges, m.ost costly to construct, and compelling endlcs.-j bends to get a practicablo route at all. Theso o!ass the b.if'luT peaks and float along in tho canon whilo the water buils below. There r.ro intervals, how- ever, when tho valley broadens Bufliciently to permit a nook wlicro an aero or two of coin- , paratively level land gives a cli.anco for brief cr.ltivation,butthiaisinfre'.inent. After miles of this wild scenery have been passed, there conies a slight cb.ango, ^nd on a level place tho town of Yale 13 built, a Bettlement of perhaps a thousand people. lUdow this the railway ,gets a somewhat easier route, though still among the mountains, and aa we run out into piarts of tho forest wiier.i it is possible to lay a ."Straight lino of any lengt!;, tho breath is drawn moro freely, Tho line, since entering tlie Koekies,has passed through COO milos of mountain work and is prnhn-bly thehuigest pioco of ditlieult railway construction in the world. To l;uil 1 ."^uch a substantial roadw.aj- through such a feriddiiing and aparsely-in'ie.bited region shows th" wonderful pluck of its [irojectors. Ko obstacle ; has deterred them, Tho t'r.asor Uiver cafion below Y.alo becomes i moro of a valley, and its course changes from south to west. There is better cultivation and settle- ment, imt the mountains still overhang us, and t!iu I route to the coast is encompassed by them, and ' laid throuth an almost imbrokon forest. On leaving , tlie dry and arid region of the mountains for tho 1 moro genial climate of tb.o coast, there is brigluor I foliage and more luxuriance. Tlio ridges sojiarato I and the river bro.-idei.s, flowing with gentler ciirrent now that it has plenty of room. Then ib I Books dilfercnt channels, and flows into tho licurciau f:trait, \vilh two outlets, its delta em- wmm'. 44 A Ciinacliiiii Tour bracing a vast surface of rich Bf ricuH nral lanit |" ciipiiljlo of lii'.'h cultivation. It.-) biiorca nro ' inodcriitoly sottlt^J, Init could oiif miles west of ifontr.al. It did not osiat until within a yc;'.r,and after it had bci;n i started with f.Teat vi^,our a terrible lire :u Juno ' lajt burnt it all down, aiid it had to ba otartotl j ufrosh. No '.'otter location for a town cuuld well bo Belootod,fi.nd it is no wonder, v.-ith its advantar;^ s i of position, that tliis city of threo montl'.s' f;rovith ; i.i now BO bu.^y v.'ith a:io, hammer, and trowel in ' expandim; itaeli. LV( rybody was burnt out at tho | tire, and everybody is buil li!!g ar;a.in. Tb.o city I Etauda on a nr.rrow peniji.sida betweon liurrard Inlet and English l!ay, thu peninsula juttin;^ ] out into tho Wound, and thus h:ivin;:r a clianeo for i a (,'oud harbour on cither sidi;, w ith tho town botweeu, on a surfaeo tilopiu'^ both ways, thus \ giving gi)od drainage. Thu northern Bide, i ■iviiero the inlot ewojpa around into u covo, is j <'.allcd Coal Harboiu-, and hero is seouro anchoraf,'o ■ ond deep water clear up to tho thoro. Tlio end of the peninsula expands somewhat, and is almost : EUrroundod by wuier, being ro.ser\'ed by tiio Go- i vernment for a park, tho town standini; on tlio I narrower portion. Strceta aro laid out and a | eubstantial whai-f built, and a popul.ition of l,.nOO aro gathered liero, tho number rapidly increasing. Tho trado in towii lots is brisk, and the city, l-o far as it is con=truo ,od, Bcoms to bo composed : largely of hot.ds cud real esl.ato olTices. This is tho laud .of tho " hi;,' trees," and a belt of the ' plants, jjrowin.'? so thickly that they could hardly ! ilnd room for their roots, covered tho town i oito and had to bo cut down. W ith tho exception i of a half-ih'Z'^n all havo Fuccumbed, and much of tho town-plot is now a rouf,di s'lrfaco of stumps, loija, and debris of theso trees, which can only bo got rid of by oxplosiona or burning. Troea six, cif;ht, and olevem feet in diameter havo been doitroyod, and their atumps aro a jirohlem i,o ex- tract. It is amazini; how thick and luxuriantly theso giants — cedars, spruce, and I)uu;rhi8 pine — {.row. It coBta .-Clou to £100 per aero to merely clear the hinil of them, and th"ir rin;;.'i show that they havo be n f!rowini{ OCO yeara or moro. Men nre worlcin" t.: cl.ar iliem from th" str- ets,and tho j cuUkirts oi the town, an yet UMckiued of stump? .' and tnnik;, looks ns if n tornado had been Ihrou'.;!: the forest. Ono i,'U;antio pino Ktands oolitarv ia the town, and is said to havo been preparetf fou do!'!,ruction, but wa:i tiaved at the intercu.saion ol Princess I.ou'so. Tho towns;>eoida havo namod the great treo after her. .Sections of wood cu< acroJB tho trees six and oii,dit feet in diameter loau u]) in front of tho houses and aro used for »ign- boards, 'i'ho procossM of burning aro ooutinually goinii on in tho suburbs to bo rid ol tliom, and giva tho sky a le.rid glaro at nij,dit. In fact it was owiiijj to carilessneES in this re:!] ect that the groat lire last Juno was started. Liko much oldu that ia cntcriirieing in tho ne-.vor regions of Canada, Ve.ncouvcr owes its " boom " hargely to thu Scoti'h. Many of thorn aro veteran jiionoors, having aided in oponin:,- sottlonients in Ontario. then removed to Winuipe,'^, and having assiateu in petting that city off on a sucoo.i.sfnl career now como to tho Wostorn Coast to roiiuw tho procoaa. Tho Vancomor C'.ief rot V.ancou/or is much, likj a nowly-boru Americn front'^-T to', n, t.^' tho fact that Ameri- can money ia the genor ii car'oncy uaud adda to the illusion. Tliia i hov a tho dopeiidonco tho whole Pacilio Co.aat oi lo Dominion has here- tofore had upon Oallfor aa a base of Bup[ilio8 u..d a mono of oommi . 'ation with tho outer world. Tho complotioi. •" tho railway will toud to change thia : but Vanooavcr, with hor bif» hoi.os, may find both the Anglo-Saxon nations contributing to their ro.Jizaiiou, From tho pro- posed city park or publio ftju.are, in the oontro of tho town, .at tho topmost point of tho olovation of land between tiio two harbours, the outlook is lovely across tho placid waters bordered with forests, and having mountaina Itoyond. Nestling on tlio op|>raito slioro about tlu-eo miles away ia tho attractive little Indian mission village, itsi whito houses and diminutivo church apiro ;.-li stening in tho f'Uidight. At this central point of grand outlook the railway is conili-ueting a flno hotel, to accommoilato tho rush of tourist tr.avel expected to pause hero before braving the Uoeky Mountain railway transit, ortakin;'the long passagu across the ocean. Almost beneath tho prospeotivo windows of tho great hotel of tho futiU'O lioa tho magnilicont roadrttead, and lioroaftor, when it bo.irs tho great coinii'.crco it i.t capable of aocom- modatiri;;, tlio " '.l'en:uii.-d City " will bccomo a uietrouoiia of the Puuiliu blouoi Tho Isljvncl of Vancouver. 43 XX.— THE ISLAND OF VANCOUVER. VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Sept. 20. Goorgo Vancouver, tlio famous navigator, wai itlio earliest conaoiontious explorer of tho coasts of (British Columbia, lie had served as a midsliipmaE under Captain Cook in his Pacific Ocean voyages, and when tho Spaniards yielded their po-iacsaioni in the neighbourhood of Nootka Sound to tho Eng- lish ho wont thither in 1792 to rocoivo tiio mir- render from Quadra, tho Spanish comraaiidor. 'Afterwards, Vancouver devoted several years to carefully surveying tho coasts and intricate inland channels for about 2,000 milca along tho Pacific chores of .i^jii'rica, from about SOdog. North lati- tude up to tho llus:)ian possessions. For many years tho larfjcst island on tho west coast of America boro tho names both of Quadra and Van- couver, but tho former foil into disuso. Tho various channels and straits with thu larger islands of this interesting region still hold tho names tho famous navi.'.':u...- gave them. Vancouver Island ia about 27i5 miles long and 85 miles broad in thD widest part, with an avcraga widUi of 50 mih's, and it cover', an estimated suriaco of somu 15,000 s |Uaro mile ,. It rcpresonts, wiUi tho myriads of oth(ir islands of all sizcj and nliajics that aro in tho adjacpat waters, tho peaijs and highlan'is of a B\ibmorgod mountain range running p.ivallol to tho great ranges of British Columbia, and in some respects a prolongation of tlio Cascade and coast ranges of Oregon. T'^vo.ifih tho island there ex- tends a line of baro .md roelcy mountains, having an avora;,'0 elevation of 2,0!JUit. to 3,000ft, but rising towards thosoutliern parttopeaksof C,000ffc. Tho coasts of tho island aro abrupt and rocky with groat cliff a and pronioutorio; jutting out into the sur- rounding seas, so that they are mueli indented wiili bays, and many smaller islands ailjoin th ticularly on tho western side. Tho two f V.anconvor a.-o comparativoly fl;it, and niu.io • : : Bettlod portions are at the southern end, wis -ro Victoria is situated, and in tlu) region around tho coal measures of I\;'.naiino on tho eastern coa.'^t. Among tho many islands m tlio arehipelago which makes up almost tho whole of tho (ieorgian Strait and othc^r seas and sounds between Vancouver and tho mainland is San Juan Island, Tliis rooi;l)ouud region, lying to tho eastward of tho lower omi i,f Vancouver, i)!ayed an important part in tho boundary diripiites between England and tho United States, now happily fettled. Forty years ago, when various iloi-mant claims were re- vived .and tho SLatca demanded a higher northern boundary for Oregon, tho jmlitical war-ery in American elections w.as, " Fifty-four forty or tiijht." Tho result, however, was ncitlier tho one tiling nor the oLlior;tliero was much dispiiting and an ultimate settlement upon tlio present boinulary of 40 (leg. North latitude, with an iiiiaginarv lino among tlio islands in the Georgian Strait, distri- liiitiiigsomo onono side and snino on tliootlier. But ultimately a foraging jiig and a stubborn settler ',;yt tho two countries by tluMvirs in tlio notorious" San Juan controversy," wliic i lingenxl several years before Bettlement. Tliis inland was used as a oli'^ep pasture by tho Hudson's ] '..ay Company, then tho masters of this wholo regi'Ui, and tboir hcrdora kept a few pigs. An American oanio over from Oregon and net ni> an cflabli.'hnioiifc '>n a point of the ii'laiid, sinoo called from him lliilibri's I'.iint. Uuu ul tlio Jladaou'ii Jjay p:^:i loia^i.-u la HuLbo'a garden, and ho is said to Tiave sFiot It ana throatoncd to shoot its owner. The latter appealed to tho Co n, any — so tho story goes — and they prepared tc drivo out tho American. But ho was too quick for them, and got General Harvey, com- manding in Oregon, to send a company of soldiers over, who took posfoasion, sot up tho American flag, and claira£d the island as part of tho United States. Two British war vessels wont over to ahell them out, and it looked for awhile liko warm work, but there was no outbreak, owing to the judicious forbearance of tho English Admiral and General Harvey, and for pevcral years thoro was a joint occupancy, British Marines holding one end of tho island and American troops tlio other. Finally, tho Emperorof Germany was selected as arbitrator, and the island awarded to tho United States, tho boundar;"- lino dividing the Archipelago being run with oxactne.s.s. The Isb.nd of Vancouver, from an artistic stand- point, is higiily attractive, but much of it will only ent; .'e tho tourist and not tho farmer. 'J'ho numerous hikes among the mountain ridges, the promontories, capes, deop bays, and pretty islets, give an endlei-s variety of charms of scenery. Thorn is, however, good cultivation in tho neighbourhood of Victoria, and the most luscious fruits and vegetables aro easily raised. Liko nearly all of Iirit'sh Columbi.i, it needs population for proper development. Its coasts have good harbiiurs, tlio best known being Esquiinanlt, adjoining Victoria on the westward, one of the chief havens on tho Pacific and a iJritish naval rendezvous. Departure Bay and tho adjacent harbours of Nanaimo on tho eastern coast, about 75 miles northward of Victriria, aro Intuminous coal-shipi)ing points, wiiich hupply nearly 200,000 tons annually for f'Tjueral export. Thcso coals are fold at 10s. to 10s. iii:r ton at tho pit's mouth, and go to all p.arts of ; ho Paciiie. Tb.e Strait of Georgia, to w'-.ich I liavo n-ferred as separating Vanc(niver from tho mainland of British Columoia, varies from an iucon- fuderablo width to 25 miles, and contains innumer- able i3lan'',s. It is a part of tho va-t inland chain of navigable M-atcrs stretching fri m ' -ogon up to Alarka. Tii's is a wondtrrul labyrinth of water- eours' , winding almost cndlt:-'y for thou",ands of mill ; among a netv.-ork of islands, peninsulas, roclv.-, a!i ' pr'.'iiontori) - . nnrufHcil by any ocean swells, ai; 1 at every turi' presenting now beauties of scenery. Tiiis vast chain of inland passages fronts thu entire Pacific cr.,%:!t c i!riti.-^h Columbia, giv'ng every facility fur i; or-C"i;v.nui!!e,'.tioii either by tho large, t ' r tho fr.ailcst vessel. Begin- ning at tho 81 i.:i!.>rn cxtrGmitj' with that chariuing entranc- from tho sea between Van- couver and tho Sl.atcs, named after tho ancient (ir"jk who is supposed either to ha.-o dreamed about it, or els « raid it ouc;ht to I'O here — tho Sirait of tTn;'.n le Fnca — these placid waters .-ro prolonLr"d ; I ' nget Sound for some 2')() miles inland. Of li.. ^ . il and its advant,.gcs the Ameriean Conimod •!.> Wilkes, who explored it about So years ago, reported to tho United Stivtes Government, "I venture notldng in s.aying there i" no country in tho world that p(■sse^•S(■s waters cqw.il to these." IIo adds ti.at not a ithoal exists which can in anj' way int(>i rupt narigi'.tion by ii 7-!-gun ship ; tliat the slioi-es of ail the inlels and bnys aro remarlcably bold, so murh so that ;i ship's side would strike the slioro before the Iciol v/oiild btriko the ground, and that the rise and fall of tho tide, about IHft., alTords every faciliiy for tho eveelion of works for a great mariii:.io r.'dion. Nottlmari! for over 1,000 miles from Paget L'ounJ tlicro is a yrcat, luU water nvtr U|..ou wiiicU 46 A Canadian Tour. ref^ilar stcamor linos sail to Alaska, anil this ronta from Victoria Ims become tlio latest faal.ioiiahlo tourist trip by Americana from both siJos of tlio boundary. Leaving tho very youthful but csiian;liii;,' towu of Vancouver, wo started for a jileasimt Fail upon tho smooth clear waters of thb Strait of (iooV(,'ia for Victoria. Tho stcamor, moving' with tho rapid tide, which runs at ci^jht or n...o knots an hour, passes swiftly by tho bold shores bordering tho Karrows at tho entrance of JUirrard Inlet. Tlio waters are covered with Indian canoes, whero all liands, men, women, and cliildren, are li.ihin;:; far salmon. This is tho ;;reat Indian oceuiiation at this season, and idl about this oxtcusivo r'.j^ion of inland waters tho canoo is iho family cavria;40 of Indian and white man alik'^, for the smooth surface makes it as safe as tho deck of tho ),'reat steamer. These are tlio lands of thu Ilydah and the Timyscan ind tho Siwasli. They were onco great li^'iiterj, and came out in their 80ft. canoes and had naval battles that wcnild havo done honour to more civilized races in their dcoda of bravery and carua^jo. I'ut now the Ilydah is said to havo adoj'ted most of tho vices ot" civili^cation, varied with skilful tishiiif,', i.nd mauv of the others ."iro respected sons of tho Church and packers of palmou for shipment to alt parts of tho world. These formerly warlikoraeeshavo become pca^er.iilo, and thoy are quite willin;:; to work for tho money of tho white man. lu fact, they aro lietler Indiana than tho painted and bedizened paupers who live on tho Government bounty back on the plains. Tho yreat " Siwash stono," which was viewed with Buperstitious awe by theso sava<;es, stands just at liio entrance of Burrard Inlet, a hu;^e isolated rock, with trees growing from tho toj). Hero was tho temple of otleiiuLTS to their t,'o' for milos, and liually get between tho archi- pela>(o and the Vancouver shore, which rises as a daik gray threatening mountain ridge, taponng oflf iio tho soutliorn end is ap[iroached. Tlioro aro fuw ehar.nel niark.s or beacons, althouj^h tho wholo ve_;ion has been accurately surveyed. Tho ship channel from Xanainio down is reasonably well marked, but it is thou.'ht an improvement will bo made, as both the inilit.irv and naval authorities havo recently turned their attention to these waters. The completion of tho railway having oponi'J " now military route from England to the I":;st, ^(10 co.-ists aro being examined to select suit- able oite^ for fortitications, and it is thought that an o;".Len.'ivo niilitarv establishment will bo created at Ii£(|uimr.ult, in which both England and Canada will join. Xijfht falls after a mo.st beautiful Funsot bdi'ti ovi r tho Vancouver iiiountaina. Eush Urea ara burniu;; hero and there, making smokes, and soon the brii.dit idectrio lights are seen from tho masts ill Victoria, shining over tho long jutting point of land around which wo go into tho h.arbour — a iHTiect gem of a little basin, but quite diminutive, riio inner harbour of the vown seems t/> barely havo ro.mi enough for ono of tho big Atlantic liners to torn roun r(t:il bars, Ijcaii'.os '2:'. p'od I'i '^ wlinn." liiiiuir i:fln I -olil, l.u' tliei'O ain ouly two luiik ftorcs. Tiiiii iiliiii . r.lo of Uf]vinr, boKpver, Rpcuks well Hir tlic; climalo, IVu in :;jii:,o of thi'so CMtihU^hiiuMiti au(l of fi:irr iit/.Tc: .*|)Oci:illy (lt;vuU:il to thr suit' of !;ioii-m'i, tiirio ti'" only twi> uh.L'i'MIl'.tb. . . . Tiioro i.< a t'lcphoao roui|):iny, four brass b;t!sd associatious, and a luuatio Rsvhnn. V'ot with thor.p ooniou.T oupplioa of curtain kinds of ciiavactorif.tics, it niunt not ho overlooked that \ iotoria lias its handsonio tlroatro I'nd a cohipioto clih, cxcidlcnt sciiools and rharital)'.o founda- tions, and inany churclios, and that its jicoplo arc I'.oi.pitablo and sutlicicutiy outurprising to sustain lour daily luw.-ipapcrs. I havo spoken of tho Chinoso, and an our we-~.t- V.'ard journcv has pro;xro.s:\o;l tho iiujirossion Ik',3 l)0(:n tho nioro strongly niado np'in 100 tiiat this i'aciao Coast ci>uld hardly I'ut along wiiho;it them. Tho Caiiiamen in \i';toria perform al.nost all tho domestic duties. I'l.cy aro tho cooks and cliariibcrwaids, tako caro of Ih':) fi'.iniiy washiuL^, and do all tlio chores about tho hou.so. They labour at ^ardenint;, B,uv wood, run uirands, aro maids-of-all-work, and l-i iko lliomst'lvi.'S fjoao.-ally uacinl in tliis nu,v land, wlioro it i?. almost impoKsUdo to got, whito Forvantn for any price. " John Ciiinauiaa " nurses tho baby and jjushoa the child's porambulator about ; i;i sulnnhsiiivo and obo Hent ; csiutont with sniaU w;'.;r.i, and !;oneraHy tills tiio plr.ces of tho under nervauts, who aro uhuost unkn-iwn hero in any otiior r.-ioo. Yet thero is a violo:it prcjr.dico n'j:.vin3t tho Caino«o amoui; various classes, and it is not un'.:i?.;ial to lind an ell'ort to attract cusiom by ailvorti'iin;,' that " no Chinaiaon aro cia- jiloyod." ThiTo aro few Chineso v,-ouien ht;re, but " John " fullils tho duao.^ of tho I'.u'.n and v,-onian Borvant aiiko. \V..ro ho driven out it would ;.ro liivd with many industries, and althou'^h in ti:o Collective form, when the raco ffoin to;,'eihor in any part or a town, they aro very oit'eiiBivo, vol. vvhilo Boparatod th.'y givo individual satisfaction. " .b)hn " is Ih.i ixretit toa-drawer of this coast, so- l"CLin,,' and drawiii;; tho teas wilh eonsninmalo pkili, :;o that under his manipulation it has boeouio a universal bovcr.xgu. Ho is also said to bo a Bkilful te;i-purloinor frotii tho family chost,^ and h:'.s to bo wateitod on tills account. The Ciiim.'So lilvo not)iir-..r better than to have their litLlo assom- blios, wliun each man producoj his pficka-oof B'.olon tea, and they draw aiul di'^cui.s it as if it were a wine "' '• lie litre.- t ■. ■;.t;i; e. Ttjei V.nv Ifu U- lio'.vspaper, too, In Victoria, and tiio hriyht red •' bulletina," printed with black charicters, aro postii.l iiyon me lunru biuldmu- of " Clm Chuiiy and Co.," on ono of tho main Ktroots, with" crov.ds of Chinamen around them anxious to loai-a tho latest intolli^'onco. Tiiey movo about! ttie iiicfis in hir,,o niimhcr.-, their pi;^-ta.ls haii;.;- iri'_; down their backs, and tluiir shops and wasli- hoiisej aro dotted all over tlie tov.-n, while in Clm Chiii;;,''s section they have quito a settlement. Ilj is cvid.'nt, that tho Celestial lias quito as much to do with Victoria as any of tiie whito races, and it; would bo hard to obliterate him, so lutcrwovon lias ho bocomo with tho work and comfort of tha pkico. 'J'ho British en.-i'^'n, boariii!; tlio letters " H.r..C.," lloatin<; from a tall mast in front o£ a substantial building down by tho inner harbour, proclaims tho origin of Victoria. A }';ood wliilo a;,'0 tho Uudson ]5ay Company established a sioi'kadcd p.ost hero for fur trading, I'.iid called it Fort Victoria. In tiino thoro was a small setllu- mcnt, which siidilonly oxpandod v.-hon tiiO exci le- nient caused by tiio gold discoveries on the Fraser rivi'r br;)ii,i.dit hero tho great mass of pioneers, miners, and advo'.iturers who liad been previously drawn to Ciliforiiia. Tiio vast human tide ru^lied into tho mountain region liy every possilile con- veyanco, and tlien most of them moved back !ij.;ain. The llowing and tha ebbiii'-C currents ni.ada Victoria. Atone tiino in tho winter of 1S5S it uas estimalvd that ;»,OtV) ])Coplo worn cn'.'amped around tho fort, tlius opening tho career of a great; citv of tents and cabins dropped among tho foresta and by tlio v.-ater side, and having a population th.at was constantly cliaii'-jing. The gold excite- ment parsed away, but it left a town on tho banks of this pi-ctty little gem of a harbour, and it soon iiocamo tho most considerable sottiomcnt on tho Northorn coast. A quarter of a ccntnry of life ha3 ri'p.l'ieod mu.?h of it with suh.;tantial buildinr.s, an 1 it has a good business, though conijilaining oi much dulness at present. Tlin completion of tlio Canadian Pa ■ ;i Itailway and its close connexions with San Francisco, Tacoma, anil I'ortliTul, (.U'lgan, tho terminals of tho otiier transconti- nental rail'.vays, givo Victoria r.n important posi- tion, and mako it ono of tho chief cities of tha Faciiic coast. A granite shaft set up in f:-oi't of tho _ Oo- rermncnt House, wiiich overlooks tho inner harbour, preserves the memory of ono of tlio pioneers of this coast, wlio did much to lirmlv cdablish liritish interests here, Hir James D.mgias, who was tho Governor of tho ;.ri>vinco from 13."il t> IS'!!, and ono of tho chiei Rtr> cts is also named after him. (-»ut from tlio harbour a lin^» view is had to the soi'.tlnvard, over tho Strait of ,[uan dc Fn-.-a, of tho (Jlymjia mouutaii! ran;;o in tho States. TIio suburbs (if Victoria aro extensively occupied by tlio resi- dential jiorti' in of tho tov,-n, the iicoplo living in (."'.iif.irtablo villas r.urroun.led by litth^ gardens, Ibclr W'.ioden houses covered with fo:i:i:;-o and ilowers of every line, while vegetables and fruits grow in hLxurianco. The large uj.cii windov.-s and vrrandahs sliow tho semi-tropical nature of this |, cnial climato, wliich from March r.n! 11 ?i'oveni!ier ii like a ]>nrpotual sprin v-tii.io, while in M'inter tho temperatr:re rarely falls below 40dcg. Yet! I veil this has i.s drawbacks, for ii steady sky of blue means absence of rain, r.nd all tho roads aro deep with du-t. Tiieso road., aro amonor the liiKsi; in tlio Dominion— cxcoilent i.i:u'ad,i_mi7,'3d high- ways, kept in the best order, and v, in ling aii.uit the suburbs in ovcry direeti'in, bonlered v.dth villas and g;irdons, or elro lined by forest frci^i and an almost ti\>pical wealth of vtgai.ation. They givo I giauil views out ovur iUu liarbours ami laaiiv water- 48 A. Cunrulifin Tour. Wiiy.i that run far up Ma tlio Innd, Onn of tha )iri!!tl(.!.-.t ol' ti.c )ii'.;liv;r'.vfi 1; inia to K; nuiiunult il;irl")!ii-, whi 'h is w.-MtvAird oi Vii:iori.'i iluilmur, iiiul t:'^].:u-atod fniui it ]>y a !,op:,aio ui lunil. ll-.-a 13 II iirt^ui'al ii.ivun of j,'ii';a uilviint.;i;;rE, oimipleU.'ly lanil-ioL-ljoil, iiljniit tiiico miius loiij; lu-.'.l froui ouu f.) l«-i) miloa v.i'lo Jf;),!fc of tlio wators arcuiul Yaii;.'ouvcr LiLiid nro tuo licuji for convoKicnt nr.i-hor.ij;o, hiil. it is not f.o with IJitiuiniii'.iU. ^'.■iitliiuii coulil havo Iiecii jiattcniisJ tliat woiikl lii'ttor |iIoaso tiio wiilor. ft has excellent hoMiiij^ (;n>iiiKl o[ a touarisma liluo clay aii'l iiii ftViTa^jo tit ptli of frotii fiix to lc!> ratlumii. 'J'liis In^autii'i!! F;i!M;t (if water is S'lir.iind'."! by foront-covorrd Iiill i, and tho wliito-paiiitod hull of Her JIajo.'ity's r.liip Triumph was seen throu.uli llio tr('0^, ino.u-od j.t tlio aiK'hoiT.'.;o, Thoro ia a n.'.val lioapital on tho haul:, nml alio roino othc r (iovirnnieut build- iui^M. Tiio nouiinioa iiiitliofitiof! havu ucaily (vim- i.lflcd a iino <':raviu;{ dock 'i'lO-t. Ion:,' aiid i'Ort. V. iilo lit ihti c:iit;-.inOf, v.itli a ('■■pth of '_'uft., fo that th!'i'Owill bo no la''k of iiav;.l faciiiti'*:) b.fil '.i'.i^ tho I'Dhiiiiced impoi'tatic'O of this Htr.tinn. A lino tau.l-: t'ltie. found om ono of tho ni.i-^hbourin;;; ir.laiid.i, i.i n^i d in it.i con ■Iriiction. A raihvny 7^ ijiilivj lonr; bolw en K (luiniault an 1 tho coal-pits of K:;T).iimr> ill almoit complcl' d. nml will open for tr.iilic noxt T.iotiMi. Tlii) i/. tho only railv.ayon Vancouvfr I-land, moM. of whojr irr.iwn-npp'.'oplo D'lvov t:;',\v FUi'li a I'oad bcfnr.i. Out licyoud tlia nhc'tcr, d 0!itraiK'f> to lilfquiniault, tlii' Kacu )!ock Jiiht ihssiio;! iiJ friendly tjuidancn to tli'> miirinor FCfki'.i'^ ])orl ; and hoyoad is Cano 'i'1:',t(ory and tho Pacilie Ocnan, il.'ii limit of tho Dominion of Can,".da to'.var'Li tho sotting tun yxr.- THK rAXArrAN PAt inn nAiLWAV. rOHT MOOnV, BIUTISH COI.ITMBIA. Fnrr. 2\. Durinj; four v.Tc'rs vi steady wo.stward tr;ucl Vro havo crooKod tho Doniinion of Canada from tho Atlamio to tlio IVcilic Ocoana and iiow turn n;;a!n towaviis tho risinjj ann. j\Iost of tho tour has Ivjcn over tlio lints of tho Canaidian ri!';ifio lia'.hvay, i:nii tho coniiilction of that ;,;ruat national v.'or!; r.lonu n.::do the ;;roa1or ) art of tliB ^■■urnoy po::;!il Ic. fetup by ttcj) as vho lioiaini^jn was travcrsdi tho raihvay rmito and lulj.icout country li;i\o been deacribud, but tl.o slory of tho duvolopment of this j^rcat raihvay itsulf lias not yet boon told. iJciV.ro board.iug tho " Athi'.Uic KxproKB " for tho louj^ car.tward traiiscoutinoutal jo-.irnoy v.r\ opp.'t tuno i;.t.;rval coni^'j in wliich \.o l-dl it. Tiio C'ai.aciian racillc JJaihv.iy in tho a;;;;!^- i;ato may btMt 1 o ctscribLd iia tiiu biuiliiif; Hul; of tlio Cai.adian C'oiifcd< iidion. It was phvnnod to unite tho \vidcly-:-ui arr.ti d ) rovincos of l;riti:ted raihvay is a bond of union in tho (p-ciii; liriti/jh En.piro extending far beyond tho boundaries oi Canada. Tho Canadian rr.cific Kaihvay Cumpany wa.i eh.ii-torod by th.o I'ominion Parliament iti hobruiiry, 1881. Previously to that timo a portion of its linos oxistod as pivriially-completod Uovern- nient onterpri.'jen in eiuiryo of tho Canadian MiniKterof Public Works. 8ovon yoars afro Ih.i projcutod raihvay was entimated as rcqiiiriu;; 'J..OM milos to bo eonstrucLed wi.^.twanl to th> Paciiic Octan fr(;!:i tho ixiL.tir.i; raihva'.y syatem of flu) Proviiu'O of Ontario at Callan'ier, on Lahj Ji ipis«iu;.;, and iSaniord Fhruiui; was tiion th.i iii;;ineer in churj.'o of conttrni:i,ion. Sir Clmrlra Tui^per, v.'ho wa:i Iviiiii: ler of Public Worl::;, re- [u riud on Juno MO, l;-;7t', that there wcro 2'i\ ndlcj of r.ailway in opevi'-tion and •'l.l.i niilc.-i iin(!( i." couijfruetion, about f I 1, .',(!;!, (ipO having; already been expended and contracts mado involvin;,' ^ouit) Sy,0'J(l,bOO nioro. Work was boiuj,' done U].o > throe !'ocri(U!S of tho line, tho wo.steniriio,st boiu:; lintwoon Winnipe;.; and'.vay conijdvted, and 'J.'') nuUa moro from OUawa wchvard to L.'..j:o Iiipjr.rdiic; had been b.-iii ;ht to !.;ivo a ronto fniu the capital of tho Ponunion to tho point win ro tho charter made the new lino br;;in. VV.>st'.v.';v,l from Lako Kifiisfdni; to 'I'luindtr '':\y, on La! o Su)arior, a dlstiuieo of (ViO inih a, huililtlo wmk I'.ad been done, and in fact tiii". .section was amoi'^ tho h-xat completed. From T'luuidor P:'.y further westward to Vvinnipe';, 42,") ndloa, tho railw. y v.-r.3 finished in P'o'.', and 210 ndies moro atiil further wratv.ard from AVinnivf;; wero aliiO then complete d, leaviiii^ a - {,'a:;o its land i;rant for $-'ri,(H!0,OI)i) at A ])er cent, for oO years to raiso more mniHy, and in additioa to issue a morl,'.'";,'!0 on tho lino as cr.piphtod, nt tho rate of $10,0(,)U jier milo. Tho puiall be^dnnin'rs of tho preat railway nro shown by tho initial iinaueial statement for tho year ending; Juno "•(», PSS!, when it had $;'.S: ,r,27 tratllo receipts, yjiV.liO Oiioiaiiny exj,ieiibea, and SjU.'-li not Tlio Cauiulian rjicific riailwar. 49 ni'.riHTifrn. 'I'I'.o chrirtor piivo tlin crmi],:niy vory lur;,'ci i.o\vei'B,iiiclii(linji,' tlio rifjlit to biillil linmnlK.'.i, open lt'li';;r;iiili liiir.'i, and OMl!ihlinli Hto:tiiior luifu from ilH terniinnls. I'.y Llio clouo of ]H,S'2 tlicro wv.ra l,7I'f niilui) of niilwiiy iicqiiiriMi or built, and tlio I'onipiiny had then iiimKid S-i),0iiO,0ul) land (^nmt lionds, ik'j)03iting tlio inocui'ds of their oalt'a with tho Govt'i'imumt, wliicli r.lh)wod 4 per cent, in- 1 1 rent thercun, and jiaid tho principal l;:ick to tho ('(iiniiiiny ua tliu railway cnnslruction proceeded, 'J"l;o roni;'.inin',' Sr),O',!0,(^"0 l.-.iid urant bond;) wero liejd by the d'evevnuicnt as Hecurity that tho com- )iany world fullil itM n;;vctnieiit.!. It hail at t!::it time Hold over O.Oi 0,<;00 ucreti of hinds, anrpetuit}-, mal;iii:; tho ca.'jtcrn liieiL of tl'.u lino ii< <,,)uehoc. Thero wa.i alro I'stablinhed a ntcamor liiu) on tho Lakes to cover tl'.o uullr.iyhed i;ap in tho lino north of L;d:o Knporior. Thi.'j t^ivo a (rom- idoto routo by rail and waior from (..Miebeo to tho Uockieii. 'I'lio (Jnverni-.'.eiil f;nve an additional bcneiit by loanuit; $22.,'iOO,l)ili> durimjlSiU to aid construetion, which had no ii.r p'rOKrcfised t'.iat an on;;a;romcnt was then entered into that tho main lino shonld bo completed bv "May !U, b'f-fl. At tho cloao of \S!'A over S7S!,()((),(;(lO h.'id beini o.K- jK'ndod on tho lineri, and at tiio cloao of 1.S81- tliis had increased to j!lll.',(l(H),0(W. Tho .ureat worl; wnn tinally completed acri^fs tho Continent in Xovomber. l.'-'.SO, when tho last nil was laifi, and, tho iinu bcin;i cciui.jpod dunuj,' last spri'.i.;. _thii tlH-nUL;ii tram m; rvieo w\a In.'ijun in .iuiio, \,ho firjt train loavinK Montreal on tho ovouin;,' of tlio 'J.-th, and arrivin;^ at I'ort Moody, on tho wal'■r^ of tSo I'acitio, (171 Jidy 4, afior a j.Mirnoy oecupyin;.^ ll'ti hiiura. Tho hue nn tho Liki Superior and iio -ky I''onnt.ain neutions embrace:!, as I havo already (ihown, Bomo of tlio moat diiliciilt; railwa}' work over nndertakou. Tho uam^o ij tho atamhard of tho IJoitod ytaten — tft. lU.in. ; and tho a;;•;;rl';;a^A) inilea''0 of tho company ht 'l,'^^^. includia;.; 'iio leaiioil lined. 'J'hero aro luMitioiial lineii now .-o- jeotod to Hi'curo oantorn wiiiior torminalii at Hali- fax and I'ortl.-.nil, Maino, and uLso to m:\ko lu-anch' B in tho North- VV out Territory and on ihj I'l'.oiiio coast. Tho company lant afirin;^ ma n now financial livr.angiimont with thoC.T.n.-.dian ({ovortiment,v\-h;i:li camo into comploto nfTe.'t July 1, by which, throuifh tho n(>i;otiation of its Kir.fi-, Mort;4a'.ro t'ivo jior t'eiit.liond.') at lOi in London, it S"e,urod moony to pay part of its (jovornmout iudt!l)tedneKn, lands lit tl oOo. per ftcro bnin;^ aoci'pted to repay tlm reniaindor and also tho intorost d.io thoroon. It thus honourably diocharr^od all ita Government <>lilii;ation3, iUii:'.id tho monoy loaned to it live yuira boforo tho debt w:u) duo, and comjdehul its Contract for buildiiu; tlio railway in half tho time stipulated. Bays tho last annual report of tho company ! — • Im tlio future It will neither ,">xii™t nor ru ml anything Ironi the Uovcrimical but lair in itiiieat, Biiil cTrncst iinil )iiiliii(m.i elfoit 111 Ll,o iimji'rl.JU weiUei .si a Lnu mi llje country, (lovi leplajj ItJ resoercos nivl promotln,'! tlia L'eneod prnsnr'rity ot ihr, wlu)li: p'-'inl'i ot tho Dniniaioii ; lu all wliii;U It will huvu tho liuiirtj oo-o|ionition ut tliD COIiilinay. lirieily stated, tho sifts r.iado by tho Dominion to aeeuro tho conimmmation of thia great work wero 8-0,000,000 cash Bubsidy, 712 miles of Go- vernment railway.'? proviouniy conatruotod at an aj.'j,;refrato outlay of about $;!.">, OiK),(KK), and alsij 2o,(.'0lJ,000 acres of landi.. Tho othur loana and udvaiiees mado v.'cro repai 1, and thoro still con- tinueii tho Ruarantco of ;! per c mt. annual divi- dends on tho aliaru capita'i until Ift'j;!. ILivintf completed tho lino, CLC-.jpliiii; thu short link between Vancouver and Port -Moody, which moota some toTiiporary lo,'al oi):itru'!l.ioii.s, and mado linal BottU'ineiit with tho Government, tho total oapit.il liability of tho Cuiaiiaii I'acitij UaiUvay imw r.t.ands approximately at .'3ll.'0,88l,01.'>, mado up oJ S;iir,,UIHI,lM0 i;haro capital, and tho rem»!!<'h)r b Milled debt and c,ipitali:;j 1 luaaea. 't'huro ara {■i{"',0:W,i)iH) First Morti;aj,'o Jionds, chie'ly hold in I ]iii;;iaiid (ivhoro, in fact, mo.st of tlio capital ha>i I been iijcurod) ; tho Quebeo iVovinco is (creditor for I 0:1,:"i)J,0 I flhowod ?.S,liri.;, !'.i'l -roija rojoipts, §.j,l-13,li7t5 I cXpeiL-ica, and $:i,2iV),U'i7 nut earniii.;s. Tiio 1 railway and ita transeonunental toloL'raph sy.itei.1, 1 iv',3 tiiea complotiid, and tho company had 1 gi-i-'i'S-Oi in dopoiiit with the dominion Goverii- : mtno to provide for tho JJ por con;. t;iiar:inteu I ' di\idend for "i'' years to como. It also hold about I 14, Vol,'.ioO acres of fannin; land aloii;; thu line, ' which wo'-e beini; oli'ored for salo an. I wei'o sui/ieeb I to § 'i,()l"J,ri'iO oUi.at;Hidint; hind (.jrant bonds, iho poiiion of that isauo yot iiure 'oomod. It had hiV;.;o t;rain olevat-ira, as I havo alre.;dy deaeribod in tho eourso of this tuur, at Moni."0.i.l and iho lako porta ; oipiipmcnt iia.l been liberallj" provitloil } and iirr.iii^;ementa woro buiii:,' porfeclod for con- neetini; .s;.eaiaer lines on the i'ai'iiio coast. It wna id.-:o huilriiiy its own brid;;u acro!i3 tho SI,. Ijawreiieo at Laehiue, near .Montreal, and o.'cteiid- ii!^; ita branch liiKia on boih lu.e.i of tho rivor, .■i.s v-.ollas tlirriu;.;hout tho v.lui iiiioid.^ of j\i.xiii*i..''a. I'or tho ciirront yoar tho e.iniij.my'.s !;r.i.;s ici ei|^n liuriiijj eevou monilr, oieli'i ; with Jeiy hi:,t and iiireidy be'O!! roporiod, amoii.iiinL; to 3 ':l''t>.''-'!, tho o.\pGn-oa to ;j".,lot>,ojl,.iud Iho not e..niiii,';i to 0l,7ol,;>:.7. Tno iucro.uiod nut oarnuit;ti eomp.ire.l I. i;h tiio corro:'poimia;.; peri-il lu' b". ;,i !tii) v'llU ,y.',l). Tho trauspori-atioa of miueri.ils lor ee:i- ! Biruetion aro inchuied in tiei'.o accounts, but aru j much lo.ia thia yoar than in Ib.So. I In addition to tho i^tift.^t of mon.-y, lind.s, and I completeii railways made by tho iJoi. union tiovuni- iiieut, other valuabio .advanta;.;e.j have boon (,'iveu ' tho C.in;'.dian I'acilii; Uaiiway. All tho lands ns.:d in co.Mtruction for ro.idbod, at.itious, yards, :;nd wati- i rials imported for tho builduij; of tho railwe.y or I tehii;ra[ih liiuia. Tho charter also ^avo tho eoei- p.any a monopoly for tivonty years of tho territory botwocn its lin".i ami tho United Stato3 boundary I by prohibitini; duriu'.; that perioil tho bnihiiii;; «.>! linea tlievo bv other parties o\ceptini,' roads run- 1 iiiii'^ t;outli-wa5t, and tlii.y uro not permitted to r 60 A Canadian Tour. approach within 15 milos of tliu boundary. Tho couipuny'a pruixjrtios of ovory Jcti(;rii.tion,iiuil liluo its 0H[iitul Btook, lire for over oxoinptod from all nutiouul or locul taxation; and thLs oxoniption is furthur oxtoiulod to tho land ffcaut for 'M yoiira, unless tho lands aro sooner sold or ocoupiod. Tho company can tako from tho publio lands such stouo, timber, luid othor materials us thoy wish to nao in construction. Thoy are autliorizod to establish ' fair tolls " by concert with tho Uovorninout,and tho charter prohibits tlio reduction of thosjo tolls cither by the Govennuent or by Parliament ■' ">olow Duch rates as would afford a profit of 10 per coat, per ann\ini on tho capital inve.stod." Tho grant of such groat privilcj^ea as those ia un- usual, but it was necessary to got tho work undertaken at a time when the project of buildini' ^ railway over tho diUicult and almost unexplored mountain ranges of British Columbia seomod chimerical. Tho rcnite of tho Canadian Paeiflo Railway, m I have shown in de.scribin;; this tour, f^oe'i tln-ou!,di a io_;iiiii of widely div^'reiliod char.nteri.-itics. Tho lirat OoO nuU'H, c;irryinj» the lino westward from Ttliiutrcal to Like Ni[)iaaini,', is through an old and vroU-dovidopud country, and commands the im- me'ise timinT traiiic of tho Ottawa Itivor Valley. T!io next 1,(H.I0 milt!.! roaches the ed;,'e of the great •irairie VMt cf Winnipe^j. This section is ilo- \ eloped only in portions. It pa.sses through ox- teiiJiivo forest.) and also valuable mineral lands abounding; in copjier, iron, and .lilver. Tho popula- tion is Sjiara;.', liowover, eapeeiiilly in tho purtion.'J north of L.ikes Superior and Huron. For 0;)0 miles westward of Winnipeg i.) a prairie, either flat or roUini;, one of tiio tinost a.;vienltural regions in tho world, and being gradu.illy do- veloped by opening liraneh railway lin.'.i aihl tho exiiaunion of tlio many town:! and village! that (,'i-ow up at l':'.vourable locatinna. Tlio settlement of this Higion w;is begun before the railway carao rdon;;, but opening tlio lino gave it a great impelua and iSlartod many now village.-i. In this tliiitriet no:u'ly tlio entire land grant of tho railway is located, and tho rich s.)il pxtonds to tho bases of tho ]lof com- pleting this railway, has accomplished one of tho best achievements of the time. Within Canada, while Sir John MacDonald's Government and Parliament have done everything to forward tho onterjiri.so, yet tho practical labour itself has been mainly performed by a combination of shrewd business-men, known familiarly as tlio " Syndi- cate." XXII.— SOME PERTINENT REFLECTIONS. rOKT ARTnUU, ON'TAItlO, Sept. 'J3. During four days' steady railway progrr.ss wo have como eastward 2,()00 miles through tho mountains and over the prairie, from the Paeilio Ocean to Like Superior. 'I'lie journey hin ;oven (i|ioortiniily for some renoctions upon the inlluonco tlio build- ing of this groat trans-oontinental lino will hava upon Canadian development, I have horotoforo written of its national beneiits both for tlio British Empire and tho Dominion. There appears to bo no diU'ereuco of opinion in Canada on tlio sub- Somo Pertinent licflections. 51 jcct of tlie way u9 n Nurth-Wu'st Torritory niid to tho world at lurgo ; adviintiii,'ns of tlio moans for oponiii;^ now rail- tho (ircat liritiali Coliiiiibia but there Booms, 7iovortliolos8, to exist umonf,' tho jiooplo, or, (it least, a portion of them, a (juostion as to whollior, in tho worda of tlio lalo 15onjarniii Franklin, thoy have not " paid too dear for their whistk'." Tho railway company waH jjivon in cash BubsidiiS and complotod railways £12,000,000, ostimalin;,' tho latter at thoir cost to tho Cioveni- mont. Tlio land f,'i[t at 4s. por aoro would ho £5,001,000 moro, and is so estimated by Bomo Canadiati critics, thouf,'h it must not bo overlookod that land ia worth nothin;; without scttlora and moans of access to tho outer world, or, in otluT words, that it has only boon tho buildint; of tho rail- way lino that has f^dvcn much of tho land p-ant any value at all. Thoro is no doubt that tho Dominion tJovcrnmont has boon most generous in its treatment of tho railway oom- jiaiiy ; and in Canada tho subject Btill dis- c\iased in somo circles is whether this gene- rosity has bcon moro excccsivo tlian was uotually necessary, and whether tho ijuish- iij;^ of tho road was not pushed too fast and lienoo too oxpensivoly, in order to secure its completion in IHSU rather than in 180], as wiw previou.-!ly intended. Tlieso aro matters, however, that can well bo left to Canadian politicians for debate, and, in tho ai'senco of other fruitful topics for party discussion, they probably servo thy present purpoi'o. In tho ineantimo, tho railway is finished in l.-'.'O, p.nd whatever fjoort it is destined to I'o can l'e;.;in now, and tho i)oininion have I've ye.'ivs' adv.;nta;,'o, Possibly by IH'.H thi'y ni.ay find things ^,'ottinf; on so we'll that they will bo talking abouu (or mayhap tmildint,') •' second tians- continental railway. All this (■0!iti-over.>'y over I'acilie railw.'iy construction was loni,' sineu fought out in tho riiit<-d states. ^b.>ney and lands weru given witl'out stint to push tli;-ouf;h the Aineiicvn raihvay.-itothu I'acilie. Thoro are al)out I'll!, 000, ()()(> of Paeilic railw.ay debts included in the Ameri- can n.ational debt, which tho (iovornnicnt f;uaran- teos principal and six per cent, intoro.it, anii);li tho ft;;rioMl>,nriil juissiliilitios urn Bia:ill, I'y.i'i'jitiii;' in u ivvf PA'-timis. Tim ISiitinh (..'iiliimliiM.n t()r( nt3 mo iilrc^nly dciuliii'; tlii'ir linilii'i' nupplic'S cii-'t to thy Iv(i'!:','h {imirio rt';;ii'ii) »!iil thu (Mivrvniuriit li:it niln|it(Ml iivi'o jitilicy fiT l!'() iirt'iifTviitioii fl (!m tiinl)(-r by ]>iv> vriitni',' llii) foMTit, luiids friiui liciti't inniinp'))i;'.fil liy Hin'i liliitnr.l, liuil lilf"'! {'rnli<;iiii;; tllplil li;'rvillHt liri's. From t'ln ii-.o'iLli v{ tlm K'ii''itiL; UurHii liivpr, wliicli llmvu int-T tl'O T'lliiiuliin 44 iiiili's V('N» Irum tlio l!'it'i:y ftliMiiitnin HUiiiiiii!, to thu Siilliioli nvin of till) nrimfc Sli'i:iniip l-nli'i, a di::- t:i'irt) of jr.O luilo.-:, tlio riiilv.:\y pas: ;'.s tlii'3, wIi'ilIi incn I'co ill W'/.o ill i;iM'i;I Vi'.'-1\v;.r. ]rifi!il> (\>hiHiIiia iibso luiHiu licr n'-.'ini'lor< nnd fruits liu;i'i<,) flip.. bill of I'lnillciis (lovi'lopi-R'iit. 'I'l.') ll.'-'uirics aln-aiiy prmincii {;r'';'.t M^'iTT of ciuiin 1 eahnon f>)r abiiiiiirut to all jmrt.T of tiin \vi rUI. Tho {mil trim' it n'-r-s!? tlio ('.iitiiHint, lio-.vovoi', from Victoria tiiid tlio I'lascr ItiviT rc;;Iou ia only iu.it t.i.'!(i!inni!.^ Jjoiiiloii kiiov.;i, froui t'ri (.■oiiHijjnmciitH eoiit to tiio t'oloiiial Ijjiibitiin, v.lr.t a v,-imi1l!i of liiHiilous fruits I'.iii liii;;raw:.'oii, of tho llouiinion Ooolo^jical iUirvcy, for lionio noto.s on this p.uljjoot, from which io oy.- tmctod a brief nummary, sulliciont for f h.o tirosont IHirjioao. Valnablo H'^nito dopoaits nro found on liiu iSourin lUvor, wiiioh omptios into tho Ac.-ii'd- lioin rivor in Manitolia, and also in llio Turt le Jlouniaiu country on tho border. Analyses give iibout -11 per cent, of fixed carlion, and thoMo fuela, wliilc inferior to tho coals found nearer the Itockiert, havo a local value, and nro ijaid to closely ros(,iid>lo those of tho Baat!>'l"oplitz basin of ISuliomis. Thofe lignite depoBitfl alfo extend to t)io rep;ion of tho Oypress Hills to tho westward. The (Janiidian Pacitio Itailway ororeos tho Kouth Kaslialciio.van llivor at ?;Iedi(;ino Uat, 6fi0 niilea West of Winniptif.;. Abovo tliia at every bend of the river for pomo 30 miles a coal soani ia exposed, «ud at several oiK'nin;,-3 a hotter li|.'nito than that ol tho Hoiiris re;;iou is obtained, whicli croducos 4y)i to 00 percent, of IixclI carbon, and luis e.iimu Jnto coiiflideinWo two. A« wo (;o west tov,-ariU (hn 1ii'."'e,i of till) niountaiiiEi, tho chaiaeter of tho depoBitii improvt'B. Tluro luo oxtiii'ivo and i..-« yet unwoiliod depo.iits ou tho Piaeo Kiver, nnalyziii'; 71 p"'" *'<"'t' fi^'O'i carbon ; nh'o ata i; Im'onton, 'HIO inile.'i north of tlio raibvny, nnaly/.in" 0.") |ier cent, j nnil on tlio Atlialueio Ivivi;.-, fii to lA per cent. Tho rno:t o;l-«u:uvo oii:\l nici.i; urivi, luiwever, aro on tho liow and Holly lliveri<,wiiirh imiL<' tofiu'mtii'>t!o',ith Snik.-ilclimv.iii, oiul tt ill ill llio latter that tho well known (ii'lt ooalu are jUMdu.cd at L( thhridoe. Tho uoal Irani in men oii tho lianktt of botli riverii nt varviiijj lioi;,Iil:i for muny Mile,-!, 'Hui oiitrrop i i Iniov. ii ti> I'.xlciid from St, I\'.iry lli^■<•r to tho iiouili-wi'.iL-r.rtl of III tlibri.';>', fori.dlj- 7" inil";! aero ;n aiul ii'o:i;{ both t!.o olhervi'.'cr:!, and r.|,;i( .'ira on I ho lino of I Imi Canadian I'aeilio ni,iir tho I'.hi'kfeel liidiiin loiierviK tion. ') bene aro thinmnt; vni i.ablo t'linailian ci il liepoaila of tho Ncrlli-Woat, anni>-li>uiMti in nunt 01 llio ■'i(!tloiiii-'il:i of I'i'IiIhIi Ciiliniil'la J lui'l iii ixho inrlii.lca tliii r:iil\V(i.y I'.tnli' lui'i l)uil'l(iri), \' I o till- (lid lino wi'jt mon. At !i iiiiM 2?0,i.0i) inliiil'ii.iiiic, it in etill ii liirtjo |io].iil;'J inn to ii'ivii, but CnMii in iniil'.iiliiiHlly ] Iciit.y of I'l lin for ninro. Tlio I'lolion tliiVv, nliowi lit |iri'iiniit tlm viainiDt I'viiliiico ''i iiieronHo i.j tlii ranchinj.' couniry (■{ Aliiirtu. 'Ih!>.-o is ii iitoady ililin;:, nut only of liorilH of o:itt!i', luit iil.ii of liii'di'in, anil tliny not onlv cimm in ovur tho lionl'ir, Imt ovory v/fHt-lm.in'l «ooil.>i train on tlio niiwny si'^inn to cuvry IVi'tiii atock from r is rivr.inlcd an in Hw;iddlinj; olotlicH^ and is idniidy taking; riink .witli tlio iilitor C!.in-idian iiroviiiof.-i. 'I'liosii oliiu rvaLioiiH on variouo Tiinttorg of fjirnTai moniiiiit liavu onurri'd to i.m aftiT liavintr oron.uiil ( aniidik, and will [iroliiibly lio of intori.at to tlio r<:id'T. ll is (juito cvidi nt lliat tho roaoato viowii UMually takin liy iimiiy of now oountrioa liavo not lit'oii fully lii.riio out in tlio Wfuli'rn cximnMion of tho I'oiiiihiiiii, any moro tlian llioy l:,ivii in tlio einiilar dxtoiirion of tho wcsttru fi-oiUiors of tho Xliiitod Htatoi). Yot in niont rusj'oots tho idiaracttT «if tlio now country o]ioi!(id by t'l.cli nation in ijuito Bimllar, and no, ah-o, in tho niothod of oioniui,' it liy railway oxtoruiiou. Canada ('(lyiii.i, from tho duootion of tho iedthoriiial linoH, to have eomo advantej^os of cliniato, eKjifcinlty towards tho Hooky Mountain nlopos ; hut in inlimuioiii;:! tho SourcoB of inini'frratiou in Kuropo tho ha;i Iioroto- foro liuen dibtancod by tho suporior niotliodH em- j)loyod in proii ntinj^ tho atlraclions of tho newer Jands of tho Unitod aiatoa, wliil hor Hook moat of tho omi);runts upi'ri'.r, wJH'ro thi> nmin linn was K.ft idr th) watir route. 'I'lio Cana.lian i'acilio ll'iiUiny li.iH in ('oniio.Nion >vi;)i itn traiii.i a lino of fail, and comnioilioUH (!|yil(!-lmilt iitc;iiiioi-» of tlio iii'V.i".t patli'i'ti, cariyin'j a ji.'yitii; paHsiiutor and Irri'ihb tr.illlo norcs.'i Ij-Jich Siiporior and Huron, 'liny sail botwcoM I'oit Arthur on tho nnrtb-wi'titcm nido of IjiUi) f iiiioiior, iind Owen .^miuiuI on do B"Ulli"ni p.irt of (iooi/iati i'ay, ninkiu-^ tho pas- Kii ;i< in II bout -111 lionni, iiud i''\ ini; a dirn-'t linp of tnuiBportat ion hiitwi "ii tho I'tirWcnt imd 'I'oi'onto, to wliiidi a idiort railr.My lino I.viiIh from tjwi ;i Kouud ai"-o'i,-i iho poninc.iila botwrou licor^'ian 1 iiy nud ly'hii Uni.ario. 'I'ho i'li:iii';o to tho pii.".'ii.ii.",i r wlin h.ui been iMicprd u|i during; w V( iiil ilavi" in a railway oo.vcli, vlnn co'iblnd to walk tho dtvk;i ' f a voiHcl, in a i;ii st plciwaiit on'J, and cfMHciiui'utiy tho traiiHlVr to tho j.imd ir i/amur Athabaaca, iiiat'''i Siipti'iiib r '..'5, waa woh'oMKid. iili'i lay aloiij.'jiii ■) a iar!;o dock and nt(iI■l'hou^'.^> lijlcd with (.;ooiin, Iho niarka of tliU' l)o.\on and b.di'S ishowin,' the svii!) a''ka of tlonr, tho proiiuct of th.o iM mitoba whi-'ti licMs that hi'.d bncn jn'ound in Manitolia niii' i toi' I'a'ilcrn Hhipmiuit. I'lion an adjoiniii;.; uoi:!; ti;» ;_'roat ch'Vator was jiiMt bff;iiiuiiiL; lu both nidi'S tUo fibore:i ro:i') up in ;;rcat pronuuitorie.'j, with a number cf low mlanils botwoon. 'I'ho bol'l, ba.iallio cohiim t of 'rjiiindcr t'upo stood up in front of nn ac tlu steamer mado f'lr tho littlo white li-;litli"U' » niai'kiii':; tho point of thu Oai o. Tliu receiiiii^' town bohind us iiiink into it.i biiekeround of mountain.., mid WB romido 1 'I'huni'.'jr Capo, which towered liliii a vai iJay and tlio bt. .i:a:y A 4 A CaimdiaD 'lour. Jlivor, whu'li m tlio oiitint of LMco 8ii|iprior, ron- (hictiiif,' it.i wiilt'ia to l.alvo Huron. Iniliuiliiti'ly lii'Oil ItMviiitf tlio liilio lliii riviT iiiim into :\, !"I,i'ii]i of St. Mrirv." 'J'o iici'onniinihilo llui v:ist, Iraflic lu'trtccn tlio lali'i, u nliip cioi'il liiin liocn lonstnn'tiMl iiinnf^Nitlo tl.n rivor on till) Aiiu^rif.in nliow.wliicli cor.tiiiiifi oiiit of tl:i' liir^'i^'^t <':ui,il lorlis in tlio worlil. ik Holiil con- Btriu'iioii of Htono To(ifl. Ion;,' iimi 7'"'ft. wiilc, tlio " lift " licin^; Itift., wlii<'li ovcri'onics tlui full of n\|>i(l». An olilcr luul snmlloi' Imk in two bio- lioiis is rtloin;'(ul(' it, wiiicli in to lo roiiliK cil liv n ptill l,'ir;;cr loi'k '.Mutt. Ion',' iin.l iSlft.wnl... Tin (ii)j;li tlii.i cliiiniu'l niovi'.'t Ik I'on.'tant proccsHion of vr;(.«oin liolh w:ivs, iiml (ilt.lion(;li tlipy nro " Ini'lail up " or " loi ki'A down " thi( o or four nt a time, tlio Kioat Jock in not iiMe nt nomo Imsy Bciison.'i of trnllic to Hoc'oinmoilato nil witliont tmlions di'liiVH. Tim BlioroH of St. Miirv Kivi'f aro lovv nnd oovorod with jiino triH'rt, niul tlui Bwift founiint,' cin-ront wliiili rofirs over tho ni] 'ills is tho only outlet tho >;ri'iit Ijiikc SiiiHM-ior li:ifi. Trutty littlo i.ilunclM nm in niiip.n;,' ttin rupids, and occiHioinilly hoiho during,' lio.Uniiin " pliot'ts " tlio torri.'iit in a ciinoo. On I'illii'i- Hido lliiiro is n villnf,'o, known as tlio Anmriciin Siwilt and tlio Ciiniidinn .Snult, in ciioli of wliit'h cn.itum.s oflii-iTs euro for tlio inlori':it.-j of tho ri'S|H'ctivo coinitrioH. Tho Aniorican Sanlt, on tho southern Hliorc, i.i (Im likrf.'cst. lirini,' Pirnid nvor it oonsidiTiiblo I'orlioii of thf level hmil, iind hiivin?; ii pretty juifk frontint,' the e;in:d. IfiTo tho ji;iH3in;,' of the Ves.sels throii^;h tho lring linally a long and gradually narrowin.q bay thrust liKo a wtil^jo up into tho land. Tim shores woro a succes.iion of blull'ii, laid od' in torr.icos at several level'*, indicating that atvarioii.-i time.': tho surface of tho lako had been at ditfeioiit elevatioi\s. It was, apparently, a well ietroit, and tl'.e ( )ntario renin.sula baa dovelojiiid on its eastern border what iu destined boforo long to become tho niosfc populotis city of Canada, if it continues its present rate of surprising growth. Into this, tho " tjueon Uity " of Toronto. the railway ultimatolyoarriedus. In tho earliest Canadian history, the French missionaries and explorors, who wont travelling about on tho frontiers, combining religious and business zeal, spoko much of " tho pa;;8 at Ontario," and as early as 1G30 had set up a trad- ing post there to conduct tralTic with tho Indians. This " pass " meant tho beginniie; of a povt.ago, which It d from Lako t)ntario ui> a littlo stream iiuw callod tl»8 Huuibor itivcr, and thoa .icivsa Uw Homeward Ikund. 55 tetarvpnltij' luixt to tritmtiirli^§ of liiiko tiimcoo, nml tliiiu to l!iin>,'i,ui Iliiy itiiil Liikii Hnr.iii. Tim trud- il\i> L'Nluliliuliim itt linudi'il pnittutloil whdii tliu »!■ inoii i.f wiini I 'Kin ;itUr Ii0i;.ui, and tlia old Irmich Kurt Hmiiilu ivi. i built tluwii iiuiir tlio uiiio- tiuu of luku uijil rivi;r. It wim im oxiuilloiit pliii'o for n luirlinur, tlio furmntiun ut IIjo Imid with II low, fi>ru.Ht-<.'i vcrod iriiiiid in front niuliJiiK n liiiid-lni'i(i<(l li.iiiii, Si'uu fri n )io nininlnnd, tlio lull;.' lo'.v-ly ill;,' island loul:i>d ikfi if tlin tuoii ;;riiw out of tlin Inlto, mid lii'iiii) tilt) imiiiii ni Toronto i'l 1 o- liovod to I'O di'i'ivi'd from tlio Indiiwi wonlii sipni- fyiuK " trooH in tho water," thon/li ofhors .idmuu It from " till) iili\i;o of nut'liii/,' mforrinj; roHHilily to tho inciting of tho Indiiinu with tlio Irndorn. Tiii.i ii.mui tliu poHt Imro tor n Ion;,' timo, but it linally fell into Kn^jli-h hund-i, i\n niout ){ou(i thiiij^s did in thoHii dnyH. Towiin's tlui clooo of tho Irtst ocntiiry, wliin ('.iiiadii WHS dividod into jiro- viiK'"H, (lovfnior Siiiicoo wii;i fissii'iird to tlio I'luiur I'rovint'o iind hi.i nnmo 1ms lnon j ro.-i rvod in tho lino shoot of Wiitcr iilii.vo rcfin'riMl to, v hicli lioa to tho nnut,h-i>iist of (Juoi'i^iitn U.iy. Tlio (Jovurnor Mcodivl a i':ii:i;:il, iind tho f;ood harliour anil outlook iittractiii;^ his fancy, ho (;arri>;oni'd tho (lid foro in 17'Jll, and i':;ialili:'hc I tho tcrit laco of Bouai attractivi'iiosa fur tho .•\inorioans diirinj; tho l.v.it war with Ln^tlaiul in 18IL'-M, and tl.iylwico tapLnrod it, Inib cinild nut lioUl it. As tho back country \\m sottlcd and tho lako navi,i,ation do- vcdoi^cd, howi'ver, tho harbour hocanio of im- iiortaiico, and the town tfrow. It wa3 niado a city m I8;il, and, with tlioir ohartor, tho pooplo do- eidod to lako hailc tho rri.jinal nanio of Toronto, tho iiopulation tliuu btin;,' about U,-Ul>. Subso- (lUiiitly tho foncontration of a lar^o fannini; poTinla'tio!! ill Wi'stcru t)ntario inado it a valuable uiarkut, br.W|.;Hfc niorchaiits tlioro, oaiLSfii tho rail- wayj to all ImiM lints to tho city, o.Npaiidod its l.iko navi^'.ition. ami it Iil'^v"' to ^row in a way inly iiai-jilk'lod by tho uowcr oitic s in tho Wcstorn I.' nitod Status, tho causes in cacli ca.^o bcini,' very Biniilar. At tho census of ISSl it li.id, without its Bubiu'bs, about S'('>,K10 iiio]do, and havin;,' sinco (inucxod tho.^o and received lar;;o aciressions of imnu^'rant.'i, it is now estiuiatod at lOd.OOil popula- lion, and i.s j;rouinL,' at a rato that, if oontiauod, niay beforo Ion;,' ou•l.^tril) iMontreal, thu Canadian metropolis, fast as tho latter exnaiula. ToriJito has a ;4ood basis for ttiis f,'reat prosporit^ and iucrea:iiii; population in its ^'eo^'raphieal aa- vantii;;es, whieli, by r.ubvay and watiT routes, riako fully one-half tho peoplo of thu Doniiniou, oliielly lueatod in tho most thickly-pooplod Beclions, ilirectly tributary to it. .luil;,'in;.; by tho new buildines Kuiui; up in all parts of i-lio city and suburbs, it is ab.sorbiiii; new inhabii.ant8 at a rapid rato. Al,Oiit L'.otiO huusos aro now in oourso of erection, bolnj; nearly all rented, and in Honij cases occupied in advanco of u>iii]di tion. 'I hci taxable vikhiation of real cNtato is over JL' 1 7, ""<■', '"i", and steadily advancca, whih' .ilFairs are ('iiitfully nuniijjje 1, tho city having a debt of but £\,4'2o,m(t, of which a liii(,'e portion w.is created to pay tho ex« pepNON of briii^tiin,' new raihvayH in, thus wisely de- veloping trail'. Tho city's public buildin;;M alunu nro valued at £'1,100,000. To incroahu tho harbour .'acilitii'.n, tho iieoplo huvo just voted a loin ei i;ii(t,Oi)l) for wiilcnir.f,,deepeniii;,', and Btrainl;tonin;» tho river I'on so as to j,'et mere ul;irfa(,'u room. Tho location at Toronto of thu caiiital of tho I'rovinco of Oiitiirio, the leadiiij^ polilioil division of tho Dominion, t;iVi'H it) additional inipurtanco, for hero aro the I'ro- viie-ial (lovcriinient IIouso anil Parliaincit) rnildinijs. Tho latter aro eomowhat antiipiated, but ;.!round is Boon to bo broken for a tiiio ne\ir R'.ructiiro in tho Quoen's-park, which will cu. t fully i,"JO'),000 and bo a credit to such an enteriirif.iii;f city. Thi.s moiioy 'vill bo expended by tho pro- -ini'o of Ontario, which, tinliko nioft tlovcrniu. ni.i 'ii this oxpenaivo world, not only has no di bt, lnit; r>.is actually a surplus fund oi about ),'1.000,ikk;, ,yart of which is to ho used in thia w.sy. Thollu- 'orniiKiiital location has also brouiint hero tho 'loiirta of tho jirovinco, which aro held in a lino ' iiildin^ known as <)!i;.;ouil(;-liall, a well-adapted striietiiro fur tho purpose, naiiiod after u dis- ciiij^ui.'ihod Chief .lustico, and also having an ixtensivu law libr.ary. Tho t,'ueen's-park, wliicii has conio by tho rapid (growth of thu city to bo • lmo!ri;o l!rown, ci'io of tho leadiii;,' Canadian states- men and journ;i,ii3ts of tho pabt ^eneratiin, wlio, many years ,a;;o, founded tho chief C'anadi.in news- paper, tho Tor'-nti) (•lohc, now most Buccessfully m.'iiiau;od by John Caiiieron. Tho i-.iiburb.. of Torii!ito contain a lar^o porti'.n of tlio re.ddenti.il Beetioii, wlicro tho meichant.s and will-to-di» middle clashes live in pretty villas surroundi-d by ^'ari'.i US. 'I'ho liill.s and ravines n:ado by the rivers and their tributary .itreaimi, par lieu li'.rlvinlli'uorth- eastern fuburb of Jio.sedalo, ;,'ivo excellent Idts of Bcenery, and uffonl most ch.irmint; vill;) sites. J!ut tho streni.jth of Toronto is no better de- veloped in iiopuhition, bu.sinosa activity, mil ..-oil nil than it is in churches aiid fchools. It ha* many charche.s of all denoiii:iiation:(, tiio tiUlevt church .spiro and tliiost church clock in America, and the ma.ss of tho people aro evidently a ilevout; t'hiircli-;4uiii;^' coiiminnity. It al.-o lias— and. in fact, tills 13 the cu;:o iinivcr.sally tiioii;.;liouti (Jntario — a coiiipluto and comprehen.-^ive system of fdueation. Tho proviuco makes the sii] ervisioii of education a part of tho duty of Coveriiment, with a Ministtr of Edi:c;itii'n in the I'rovincial Cabinet. Iho Minister, tho Hon. C!eor;;o W . Kos:-., infornis mo that sinco 1871, when tliis svstem was established, the iirovince has expended h'bout £1 ,-10tl,(X)0 for educatiin, and that tl.e piiblio Votes have been fcuppleinented by .L'll ,000.(i(K) more, raised in various wavs by tho people. They caro for every branch of education, and it is po.vsible for the child to be;,'in at tho lowest round of tho ladder -ind achieve the liii;hest honours of the Univer.sity without the cost of a »inj;le penny, 'i'ho Kducation Department buildin;;s, where tho chief oflice.s aro located, are an elaborate si'rics of houEcs 111 St. James's-s(iuare, iKiviii;; an oxcelleiit normal Bchool. miueinu. cullectious of pli.osophi- r^f) 'V runn'lian Tour. ful nifi.'irjitiif!, lolf, ,V:,.., iL-,, lilirary, pnititliif,'?, Rculiitiiro, hero llio ('(l;u';ttioiiiil niiilicrf of tuu pvdvin.o uro suporvisud fur all clr.f.sc.i luid crwila. Tlio crowiiiiij,' inatitutinn of tho Oiili\rin cdiK-iitioniil Bvstyin iSj |i:n\.v,or, the Inivoraity of Toronto. Approaolud by an tnuiuio linlf a -],:ie long, li„cd with "nohlo liti's, tho Collcfje caniiuis and crickm-Rrotin rro roachi.il, i-.i.on which front tlio maj^nilicont -Sorrii.in buildiiii^B of tho Unii-orBitv, anionf; tho laiest in Anu-rica. In varioiir. cjUiirtcrH of tliu city aro^ tho (Jiiliatcd Coll(>,':e3 hclon;;in{,' to tiiu diffcr.'iit rtdipious dt'-oiiiinatinii.), fur it is t;> tho credit of tiio Ontario Mofciii Miattlioy h;iv(( suc- cofdid in incliKlini,' all crc((.a,i!io Koniiin (iitl.nlio ns well as tliu rrulobtaut Co1K'.;c'f, within tlioir f nivorsity, tho hitter net bciiy- iv^^.^r ti,(, (.Qi.trol ovo" -.(iOBtudfUtsand ],l(M) paduatc.-.. Tho j'liy- 1 ioIo;,dcal and chemical aj jiraatna connected with Jt _).* most iihibr.ni.te and valu.able, and it also con- tiuxis Ino nui;-euni8 of natural hi.'-lorv, minoiaUvy fs'jlo-y, and ellinoloj^v. Tho Pi-e.sidtnt of Uid Cnivei-flity .slnmiol Wil.Mon, LL.D., and it ohcmd .10 nientKHicd to tiiu honour of C.uuula that at leaKt two of it3 iJcientitits iiavo aohicvtid worid- V,;P.''-^^'^^'^'^ NVii:i,-.n) D.iweon, tho head of ...i (.dl Coll-.;o at ilontreal, wlio waH I're.Midcnt et tho last me.>!.introf tho.TVi(ish Association, and i.r. M ilson, ol Toronto Uiii\-cr„itv, who is ono of lno_ Iciuiii;; ctlmoloLri.sts of tho linio. From the to;, of" tho tov.-cr of the jjieat T'ni- vtr.--ity thtro is an exeelknt o-itlook ovv r Torcnto. J-U iront and ijreadin-,' ;.^ i ni- feet ia tho br(„id, !>r);,iit crn;;iet-gvten, willi lim town Btrctchini' savay on citi.er Laud ami nn:nh« down to tho edge 1)1 tho lake, acro:iB which is the narrow streak jMido by tho low-lying island tluit bonnds tiio !..avbour. l)(>yond aru tho (.'.ark ling waters of hr.kv (>nti.no, rc^acliinf; out to ilio ht.rizon to rijht f;iul li-:t, whilo far aw;.- ovor ihera, direef !y soiilli- ward, 1.4 Ge,u a faint littlo flil-er clond of spmv, riSJii-; froiii tho Fall, of Is'iaijara. AH about lu Uie b;if;y t< .n is tcattertd, its I road i.tnii.-h* t^uy.li- ci-u.f-v.- at ri«ht Mij,do8 ; its red and widi.e l.ruk l-ui.din-..-: jn rlusters or e;id.c..--on>.(.d in .iil.:.;,o ; iti- luanv fteciiies and .ipirea risii, ^bovu i!'eni._ Far oft in the i.e.nhiru baelrfirouad the i.iud rires np in |.- tty hill.5 'A;urt. to :;ili)ft. hi. h v.ith v;ila,H dolled ..j,oi! th. ir (,Tccn tield.s aiui v.oi drii, .1, ,,,:;, Tho I'ictiiro in liko a map, f.]i,i\v- in- iiiriU Hii.l ; r... p r;ly, wliile in every . iieeiK.n tho xucompiotc buililiiius, witli men toilini.' about ll:..l)\ lik:' liiil.. bufv aid,., .•m.I I he ;;. iitle, di"(!int noiso of tlip huildor'a hammer and trowel, tell of the ;rrowd. of tho viuoioiia t,.wn. Such is Caniula'a^ " t^'ueen City," hikI probably m most rcsijccts tho best type the IJoniuiion to-iiiiy prcHiintu of a buo« Cos.Kfid and e,\i.nndiii)j nuiniciiiality. Hero close..! my record. A ffW lioiir«' traveninf» will take us back throiif'h Ottawa to .Montreal, ami then homeward. Wluit I b.'.vo written and 77iiJ 7'i7«i'a ha- kindly )>rinted lias been mainly there- cord of u brief and hurried jounuymude aav.'is I ho Dominion of Cam.da from ocea > to ocean. liavinjr been 111, best but a bi;d of pas»a;,'o, I mufii n.'k iiidnigenee for ir.ii.lidro.'i and slMirtoondnfia. Tho notes were haalily taken and had to bo'as hastily written cui, as o\ porlunity offered, by tho waysido, on tho shakiii;.; railway tr.-dn, or in tjio Btoamor, and then Pi.eoiiily commitied by instal- ments to tho post. OnoKcono gavo tpdck place to tno next, and tlio earlier impret.su. n was soon effaced by the later ono. But tho intention baa always been to describe tbin-a as I found them, so that the ha! !y record mada is an honest (n.o. It boi;.an wit.i llio storv of Lower Canada, which uocninulaled woa h am! j.ro.'-.pority aru assimilating to older lands. It proj^rej.sed "tsradually into ik newer region, to lell how Ihe l-.ivo ami j.alicnt frontiersman n.as liown hia ...y throii{,di tho greatest obstaelos to carve out a ro.-ui from Iho prairie to tb.o Pacitiv Ocean. It i? lai-'.d.,- liovoted to tellii!;; of tho ;-it\u-dy am' Buccei,.-:,;ul attacks • made Ui.uri natnro in her most frt^wniiur cniso by tho nio.:,Tn race of railw.iy buildeis of the Canadian ir'.'uilic hn«, wlio have com; oiled foreno, riv,jr, lake, and mounlain to succumb, and nuaio a ronto for the loc.imoti.o throu};h tho Mo.st inacoosaiblo jiortion,:; of tho itocky Mountains and amonj,' tho inbo;,pii.able pranito bulwarkii of tl:o nortliorn shoro of Lake ti'ipcrior. Thus ia Lujnj,' o]n..ned for C!vili;'.atioii and scitleraont tl.a newest portion of ller Slajesty's vast domir.ious— an enijiiro witliin I itself, added as luioiber jewel to tho galaxy of iioiiri.Mimu' lan'ls available for occupation by tho j wido-Bpmulir.f,' Aii„'lo-.'^.a.\on race, .'lud every- where, in nudduf,' this extended Canailian j.iin-noy, there l;a3 bien found cunatun-:, !;;!.. hie; .i and hotipitidity, from the luKhest to the hund.iv-.Mt,. T)io peoj.le, who are earne:,i,ly strivin.; to mou'd tho new country into a foroi nece,sp,ary to fund, !l them mihtenanee and uttiiuately forlnno, 1 :ivo freely fi.ruii.hid all inform:. t-'on aiked, undl.iiu ■j,\;.d also of tlio opponunity of ieltin^^ !!.eit brothivn norosa Beji know what they iiro'.:oiii. . Tru.^tiM;.; the r.^ader will re.'{ration. This it is, but it is much more than this, and for some time yet to conio its other services may possibly bo the more prominent. It ifl a great highway running through British f-arritory, and joining by a now link tl .. old country with some of its most distant colonies. Starting from tho west, it reaches the point at which loast and west become indiatimaiishaijle names. It brings u.i clnso to Cliina and .Ir.pan. It opens n nearer route to Australasia. Its uses in war and in peace, for attack and for defence and for mutual trade intercourse, are as obvious as they are invaluable. Canada, our (brrcapor.dont tolls us, is beginning to doubt wheth • it has not been pushing matters on a little too fast. It has pressed forwarfi tho constniction of the Cana)se8sion. Its chief value to this country is that it offers an alternative lino which we can uso or not as we may please. Wo are grateful for the chance, bat with a barren gratitude as yet. The time may come for a' more fruitful return. Anything which threatens tho security of our present route to tho East will force us to turn with preference to a Una of communication wh.'ch will be uninterrupted and our own. The western hemisphere has been enabled by its gei,<:;raphic8l position to keep aloof from the political and military disturbances of the Old World. If we cannot share its immunity, wa m.iy at loost hope to profit by it if the oocasioii oriaQS. fRJUTSn AiJD PUBLIBDBD BY GKUiiOE BUWAliU WUIQUr, AT TUE TIMES OyFlCK, I'lUNllNO-HOl SK SOUAUB. LOilUOK. !?.;;&' 5 .i^ fa 'i3 J SPLENDID NEW CHRISTMAS BOOK. vJERUSALEr^l, BETHANY, & BETHLEHEM BY J. I.. POUTER, DD., LL.D., Proaiclont of Quoun's Colk'n;o, Bulfnst ; Author of " Murr.iy's llaudbouk for Syria and ruksiiiio," " Tho CJiiml Cities of Hiiiliaii." &o. WITH SIXTY LAEGE ENGEAVIKGS PEOM PHOTOGEAPHS. Royal Quarto, gilt. Price ICa. 6d, NEW STORY Ijy tlio Autbi r of " Xloiab' : n Storj of Hx'l.lin4 RINAULTK IE. By Mrs! 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Also Purchasjes or Forwards for Collection BILLS on AMERICA and COUPONS for DIVIDENDS on AMERICAN STOCKS, AND UNDERTAKES THE Purchase and Sale of STOCK, and other Money Business in the BRITISH PROVINCES and the UNITED STATES. Deposits aro received in the London Office for fixed periods at rates which can bo obtained on application. CLEMENT'S LANE. LOMBARD STREET. LONDON. E.C. A. G. WALLIS, Shcueiauy. MEW Ymii LIFE SiSURAiCE eSlPAiY. ESTABLIS3GD 18<15. CONDUCTED UXDEIl THE OFFIOTAL SUPKUVISION OF TirmNSURANCP; DEPA'!T.MENT 'Jl' THE CiOVEllXJlKNT ()K TUK STATE OF NEW YOUK, REPORTS DEPOSITED ANNUALLY WITH THE BOARD OF TRADE IN CREAl BRITAI'I, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANIES ACT, 18/0, TRUSTEES FOR GREAT ERITAIN AND IRELAND, WITH Wnor.l 13 DEPOSITED 230,000 DOLLARS IN UNITED STATES BONDS (FOR THE PKOTECTION OF ALL POLICY- HOLDERS AND ANNUITANTS), AND 100,000 DOLLARS IN THE SAME BONDS (AS ADDITIONAL PROTECTION FOB THE REPRESENTATIVES OF DECEASED POLICYHOLDERS), OR EQUAL TO OVER £70,000 IN ALL. THE RIGHT HON. HUGH C. E. CHILDERS, M.P., F.R.S. FREDERICK FRANCIS, Esq., Director London and County , ak. A. H. i'lIILLPOTTS, Esr.-,, Director Bank of British North America. LIFE ASSURANCE ONLY. PITRICLY MUTUAL. ALL PROFITS BELONG TO POLICYHOLDERS, AND APPORTION- MENTS ARE MADE ANNUALLY. STATE3IENT for Year ending Dccemhcr Shf, 1885:-^ ACCUMULATED FUNDS £13,686,297 Suri)Kis over all Liabilities and Reserve Fund, nccording to vahiatiun mado by the Government £2,719,145 Income for Year £3,272,662 This Company issues a Special Contract. Among tho valup-blo features aro Endown^cnt, Insurance, Annuity, Immediate Payment of Death Claims, no Suicide Clause, no Ecstriction as to Residence or Travel after two year's. For Prospectuses, containiiij full infornKition, apply to-- CHIEF OFFICE FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND-76 & 77, CHEAPSIDE LONDON, E.G. J. nSllEll SMITH, Ccucral xAIanagcr, GMie imm fiflfiwav of ^mmL LIVERrOOL TO QUEBEC IN SUMMER, AND PORTLAND, U.S., or HALIFAX, N.S., IN WIN'IEK, JJY THE Trans-Atlantic Ocean Steamship Lines, And thonco by the Grand Trunk Haihvay to Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton, Dottuit, Cliicago, Bull'ulo, Niagara Fulls, Nuw York, Boston, Jialtinmro, riiiladclphia, Omaha, Salt Lake, Colorado, Donvor, San Francisco, Manitoba, tho North-Wust Tirritorios, and all points in Canada Biid tho Unitud States, Connections arc mado with tho Pacific Mail Steamship Company's Lino to China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Vancouver Island. Tickets issued from Europe for Tours embracing,' Qutbco, Montreal, Ottawa, Eiver St, Lawrence, Thousand Ishinds, Niagara Fii lis, Ac., and the principal Cities of tho American Continent. Also iho Saguenay Kivor and tho Gulf Ports, U'liito Jlountainti, LalicB George and Champlain, and Saratoga. Through Express Trains Daily to Detroit, Chiiag •, and Manitoba, conueoting with all dirccO and diverging railways. Pl^LLMAN PALACE CARS ARE ATTAC?IEO TO ALL BAYAr.l [f:GI-2T TRAfj^S. DI^^ING CAEB ON ALL TIirvOUGH TKAINS. BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. The Grand Trunk Uailw.iy has steel mils, now rolling .stuck, and is furuiHlicd witli every modern appliance for tho safety and convenienco of Pa^peiigers, For Kates of I'aacage, First t!!:'..«,s ami .Siiuciul liiiiiijiMui, Fare:!, or fiu'Llier infdni'.alii)!!, api.ly 1o j\res."irs. Allan, Brothers, and Co. ; Messrs. Flinn, Main, ami Mcnlyci'Tiy, f/ivt r|.c>i!l ; !iuy of the Agents for tlio Ocean SteauLshii) Lines in Great Britain or Kurop.; ; (,r to 111'; (ir.mti IVuiiIi Uiilv,,y, Dashwood-houso, 9, New iJroad-sU'eet, London, li.O. J. B. illJISTUN, Secretary. THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY OFFER FOR BALE FARMING AND GRAZING LANDS IN THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY, ON EASY TEEMS OF PAYMENT, And without any Conditions of Settlement or Cultivation Duties. The Company are entitled to one-twentieth of the lands in the Fertile Belt, and receive as their share two Sections in every fifth Town- ship, and one Section and three-quarters of a Section in every other Town- t^hip or District, as surveyed by the Dominion Government and set out for settlement. Each Section consists of 640 acres, and will be sold either in block or in quarter sections of 160 acres each. THE COMPANY ALSO OFFER FOR SAI.E TOWN LOTS xVT WINNIPEG, WEST LYNNE, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, RAT PORTAGE, PRINCE ALBERT, COLVILE, AND Et^MONTON. Pamphlets and full information in regard to these lands will be given by the undersigned, at the Offices of the Company. C. J. BR Y DOES, Land Comwissioncr, Main Street, HHnnipi'g, W. ARMIT, Secretary, 1, Lime Street, London. r REDUOE D FARES TO AM ERICA- B E A V E R L I N E. WEEKLY SAILINaS. LIVERPOOL TO AMERICA. LAKE HURON ... Oapt. NV. Stowart. I LA nB WINNTPIOG ... Capt, H. Ciimpl)ell. Ciipt. W. Horn.TOn. | L.\K.K NBrKiOX Capt. M. L. TranmBr. LAKK CIIA.MI'LAIN Capt. W. Goul.l. 8tk:eiia.qb FA.IiE3. LIVERPOOL TO QUEBF'l OR MONTREAL - - - LIVERPOOL TO BOSTO:^, HEW YORK, OR PHILADELPHIA £^ OS, i3 18S. Cliililroii iimlcr 'i'urhu \ ^';lr^, Hilf Ocoiiii Faro; Infants iindor Onn Year, 10;i. PASSENQE-na BOOKED AT REDUCED RATES TO ALL iNLAND TOWNS IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES. This is also tlu) Clu'iipcMt llouto to MANITOUA and tho CANADIAN NORTII-WKST TEIUIITOUY. (Childron on H.'uhvay, ]lnll'-Kuro from Fivo to 'Iwulve Yours ; undiT Fivo Voars, Froo.) LIVERPOOL to QUEBEC or MONTREAL £8 Cliildron undor Twolvo Yoarg, £3 j Infants under Ono Year, £1. SECOND CL\S;i I'ASSAC!!'! iuclu(l.!3 siiporior Diolary, Huds, Ilmldinf,', and Toilot Sorvioo. 10 ti- n- lit cr E, he B-A.L003M FA.R,ES. To QUEBEC or MONTREAL £10 CHILDHKN undor Twolvo Years, HALF FARE ; INFANTS under Two Years, FREE. Thli Fare liiolu loi M ne''ei9iirliicnrrin? any expense or trouble on linu^':iK'>- i'lml.'rant i'lcoiiinir l'ar< run through by thia Company to tho North-Wost and to Chicago without any eharj^e in uii iition to the ordinary rate. The steamers of tliin Liun nre all of the hit;hest class, nnd specially bnilt for tho Atlantic passenger trade. Th" Bteerr.ges in these Steamers are onusually spieious.well lighted, ventilated, and warmed, and paflsengors of this class will find thoir eoniCort carefully studied and t!w provisiornnn unsurpassed. Kat-h iwrson over Twelve Years is provided on board with a separate hertli to sleep in. Married (,'onplas, with their Childreu, nro berthed toycther ; Siuglo Womou ara bovthud together by themselves. Duriui; tho day all can he together. nErOSIT.S.— l'asseni;ers can secure their Berths by l'a.\nnent of One Pound Deposit, nnd they are recommended to remit a Post (iflice Order for that amount to tlu^ uiH'.ersigne'd, and they will at once receive a Contract Ticket for tho Steamer nnd directions how nnd when to come forwiird to eml)nrlt. SteernRO Passongers have to provide themselves, before embarking, with aPlnte, Mug, Knife, Fork, Spoon, and Water Can, also Ueilding— all of which can bo purchased ou shore for a few shillings. I,l'CiGAGB.--Cabiu Passengers will bo allowed spnci for Twenty cobio feet free for each adult ; and Steerage rassengers Ten cubic feet free, all extra luggage being charged for at the rate of Is. per cubic foot. Passengers must take charge of their own luggage, and tho Company will not hold themselves in any way responsible for it. An Experienced Surgeon is attached to each Steamer, and medical comforts are supplied free of charge. Steerage Stewardesses are provided by the Company, to attend to tho wants of Female Passengers and Children. For fuither particulars and to socuro horths apply to R. W. ROBERTSj m^l^ Uli^, 'li, WATER-SMET, UVEHF3I51; OHIO R. iONTooi^BiE I CO., s2j Mim-ik^i, mmUj tc. '' UK eOM MMl STEAiERS TO CANADA AND THE UNJ'iED STATES. THE SHORT ROUTE FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO A M A f^ ^^ u^ THE GIIEAT fJORTH-WESi, AHO m\m SOLO^B^A. 'JTIio a'lvuiit;i^'<>a nuDrdeil by tho Allan Steamship Company aro -.vortliv c.f .special coiiaidor-iiir i l,v PussLn^L-ra bound to ji.niita in CANADA, MANlTOiiA, iiuU Iha NOJiTH-WEST, uni.; BlMTISif t"ULUiNII)lA-. At tlio buuliu^' purt tliey cwn step from tho Ooiupiujy'a sti aiiicv to Lliu tr;;!!! in \v;iitiii:' nil iijj'iidi/, !ind iirnciod (ii\ tbc-it jourm y Wofit v.ilhi ut tliu j,'iv:d- uicnuvouioniK' and c'X[ii'nso of n tvM>sh:v tliiMiiuh tlio rity, !'.nd llicy aru r.'so iV!;L'omp:uii''i' by aJSiniial '^oDdnctor, who su.'U to Ihoir waii^i iluriiif.; till' i-iiil iournoy, Tho N. .. - All Kail " Lino of tho diiadian I'acitio .Uiiilroad ia now open, ;r,id Eiuisii-anta h:ivi- ^h-jpini^ Oars Ironi Moii'rual to th.uir dettinatiun'., aiid s;ie!i (Il'.sii.Ucii and acoomnio- datii>!i iji'iifi-a'-ly as tlu'V havo nuvor had bef^ivo ; busidi'S tbr^o gi'c.it ;Kl,-aiitaf;oa, thc-y will .lavc no rrc'iili!" witli thfii- b:ifr:,'-i(:;o, aa it will bi^ ohookcii and sunt f(,i:-vard by saim iraiii as thi'msolvcs. Hcit iteots aro aiiowed to ontoi- froo of duty, unJ as tliu railway runs throiif;h J>ritipb tcnitoj-y all tlio .,..y, thory is no t'ustonis ovurhaulin:; af t' i' tho I'asaung'U-a 1-.ivm Quobcc. 300lljs. of hii'ca.'o allowed free on tho Canadian I'acific Railu.iy. Through trains to Uritish Coluudiia aro now r,.uiunrf by i lio New ]\outo, and the joiunoy from ocean to ocoan is oomploted in about six days, which ia abou^ half tho tiino taken by any of .lor route. Special low rates fur Tourists and Emigrants havo boon ostaliliplictl. Thp voyajjo to Qaeb(C has d'^t'Mguisheil rooonnnonuatjons as compared with tlio other routes to tho American Continent. F-'iu land U> laud tlio avora;;o passa^;o is not nioni than six days. Ouco witl in the h-traits of lU'llu Isle, .icean tra -ellin^ is over, and for luiidred of miles tho steamer proceod.s lirst thvoughtho Gulf, and then throuf h tho magnilieent Kivcr 6i. Lawrence. This ia an immonso advanla"o, TIIIH llOi TE '.-; ALSO The Shortest and Cheapest to the Western States. OOEAN FARIiS- SALOON, 12 to 18 GUINLAS. Tntermediate, £G 63. Steerage at low rates. U^AS-^ISTT^D PASSACiKS To CANADA aro gr.antod to Agriciltural Labourers and thoir Families- ^nd to Feninio Dnuiestio Servants. iJi^rApplicition for Assist'.'d P^usages ro bo mado upon the Special Forma which aro provided for tho purpose. _^^__„_^_^^^_^^______^___ Pamphlets aiKi Furt ler I'articulara can bo obtained fiora ALLAN BROTHJ.RS & Co., James Street, Liverpool ; 103, Leadenhall Street, London ; and Foyle Strent, Londo.idorry ; J. & A. ALLAN, 70, Great Clyde Street, Glasgow ; JAMES aCOTT & Co., Qucenstown ; 01; ANY AUTHORISED AQENT OV THE LINE. MAKERS TO HEI lESIY, By Special Appointment, A.D. May 13, 1876. " STRONG ROOMS, DOORS, LOCKS, AND SAFES," To the BANK of ENGLAND and its BRANCHES. ■.»^ 'W\'i 'W% ^ V "--'•^-^M -J^fi SPECIAL SUITES FOR ROYAL PALACES (A3 supplied for Windsor Castle), ALSO FOR BATSKS, MUSEUMS, PRISONS, HOSPITALS. ASYLUMS, UNIONS, &c., RAILWAYS, MANSIONS, &c. SFECIAIi SUITES FOR P2RST-CIaASS HOTELS. H. H. and Co. fitted up with LOOKS THE METROPOLE, GRAND, LANOHAM, ROYAL, WESTMIN.sri]R, ALEXANDRA, FIRST AVENUE, FREEMASONS', CANNON STREET, LONDON BRIDGE, CON niTUTIOXAL CLUB, ic THREE HUNDRED GUINEAS REWARD. II. IT. niul Co vnww tlieir nffcr ni iit Iho luUrivitioiifil I'xliibiti.m of 1Sf,3, :iLso a<-, Paris, 1807, an.l u-iun !it Vii-iuiii in 1S7'", <" iii'y I'oraon who ocuiM jMcIv 1lu-ii- Lo.Kg (Ibon and now on exhibit and Hiij>pliod to tho public) with thoir P.itont Coml)iuud Protcctora, but tin challuiitjo thou iiuido wan not iioiiKptoil, altlmii^h tho Lo.-ka worj cxainiuod by savural mechanics. Thcua were tho only Locks oxliibitad unilur actual cliallongo to pick. N.Ii,— Skilled mechanics acci.'ptin^' tho nbovo olWravo oxpoctod to mast. T Eit,'lit Lover Locki as a qualilication. H. H. and Co., not beinj,' rlit,'iblo to exhibit at the Inventions Exhibition, 1S85, a^^aio make tho above olTur as u tuat of tlio non-i>ickability of tliuir Combined Protector Lccktj, OUTFITS FOE CU1F ,e!i ^ EYEIIY CLASS TRA2Ejt"«»,'^'>*^ OF SETTLER. GENTLEMEN rARMERS and their Sons, Large Owners, Small Owners, Cultivators of the Soil, Settlers of every Denomination, whether they intend to amass a Colossal Fortune by the Sweat of the Brow or Ingenuity of the Brain, CAN GET EVERY ARTICLE of Clothing, Thick, Thin, Coars.., or Fine, Tailoring, Shirts, Boots, Hosiery, Portmanteaus, Rugs, Guns, Revolvers, &.C., NECESSARY FOR THElh' OUTFIT. There is no Trouble, for in a few minutes or an hour or two every article, whether £5 or £100, can be selected from Stock or Made to Order as desired, AT ONE ESTAeilSI-! IN am el J, iSfitil ? ? LIMITED, OUTFITJ'EllS TO ALL PARTS OF TIll^ WORLD, 21 and 22. LEADENilALL STREET. LONDO.N, E,C. EstabUohedl 1817. The only English House awarded a Gold and a Silver Medal, Helboume, 1880. The only EogllBh House awarded a Prize Medal, Sydney, 187S. SEEDS FOR EXPORT. GRASS SEEDS, TURNIP SEEDS, CLOVER SEEDS, FARM SEEDS, GARDEN SEEDS, &c. We arc probably the largest Exporters of Seedn in Great Britain, and our Grass Seeds, Clover Seeds, and Garden Seeds have acquired a Great Reputation amongst Colonial Gardeners, Flock- masters, and Farmers scnerally. Our personal attention is devoted to the careful preparation of the Seeds, and our great expe- rience in the shipment of Seeds enables ua to pack the Goods in the most approved and economical manner. _____________^___^___^__^ CARTERS' POPULAR BOXES OF SEEDS FOR ALL CLIMATES. VEGETABLE SEEDS. I FLOWER SEEDS- Price .';a., 10s. lid., '.:1s., Ilia., 0;!.s., Sis., and 1053. I IVico 5s., 10s. Od., '.lis., -llja., Con., Sis., ..nJ lu5s. In,.iuiling llonncitically-Ho.'^lcd liox, a.s ftbovo, (reo of cliargro. (rai-ticulars of Contunta on application.) PREPAID RATES FOR CARTERS' EOXES OF ENGLISH SEEDS. By Express Route to some of the leading Cities in Canada. CANADA } «"'^'; Iitlifal Mi'MtriMl L'lirtera' '.MX. t'urtltd' ICs. M. liox. ». .1. s n t. .1. 7 C L'iirterb' 21b. llcl. (.'iirtiTs* 31», 6.1. liuj:. Ciirtora' UuX. t'.irttrd' I3ol. Ciirlir^ ^ Ciirt.ra fAA. Ij5s. Ilux. Ilol. ll. n. d. V u.->L>'iH rt'M.liuK tip OOUiltiy : llillllil lliiVH tlicir t,'(iu i;i til lit tuuii iiililrL'HH ia eit[i>. r ut tlii'M' I .t!*'3, iiiiil givf in»tru'.'tii)iii f. r diu- SEECSi.O BY ROYAL WARRANTS TO H.M. THE QUEEN AND H.R.H. THE PRINOE OF WALES. 237 & 238. HIGH HOLBORl^. LONDON. mLQ 11 L L fc\ L I PRICE TWOPENCE, IS ISSUED EVERY FRIDAY MORNIXG, CONTAINING All that is of Special or Lasting' Interest in the Editions of Tlic Times of the Five Previous Bays, and Printed in a Form suitable for Binding as an Annual Volume, or for Postal Transmission Abroad. BOUND V O L U IVf E S FOR EACH YEAR SINCE THE COMMENCEMENT OF PUBLICATION CAN BE OnXAINED ON APPLICATION TO THE PUBLISHER, PRINTIF^:^ HOUSE SQUAEE, ELACKFRIASS. E im E^LlAiE^Iie^ o ^ ARUANOED IN A CONVENIENT FUMM FOE BI^DlNG, WILL BH ISSUED EVERY WEEK DURING THE SITTING OF PARLIAMENT. Price One Sliilling, or 253. per annum, post free. Annual Subscription for Bound Volu:^es—IIa]i Bound in morocco leather, £3 10s.; Cloth, lettorod, £2 lOs. THE TIMES LAW REPORTS, A WEEKLY REPRODUCTION, IN CONVHINIENT FORM, Of iill f *aso9 appearing? in The Times of permanent interest lo the Lcgr.I Profession, Bankers, Merchants, and the public generally. Tlie Eoports for the Weekly Nixmber are revised, and appear v/ith head notes, table of cases, and digest. Annual Subucibtion, £1 5s.. oost free. Single numbers, pries 9d. each. w for ON und al)lo FIJI FIBIi 3iiJi vlio^ M^ (Li u^i P£JS HAVE NEVER P,EEX m ^()W TX PHIOE AS AT PRESENT. BRUSSILB CARPETS. 500 Bordered Carpets, made from rer,inant3 and old patterns, always in stock at reduced prices. TEN PKISS IVIBDALS. iniRiPTRniMi prsio:;, Tin- jk-soui:. A Catalogue of best FLOOR 00VEEING3, and Estimates post free. TRELOAR'S ^JNOLEUM IS WELL SEASONED, AND TlfEREFOEE WEAES WELL- TEN PEI^E MEDALS. iLO AM s Oft. nil). \r: 7ft. Citi. 9ft. 3iu. by Kft. 3iu. lOft. Sin. liy 8ft. 3in. lOtt. 9in. by 9ft. 9in. lift. 3iu. l)y 8ft. 3in. lift. 91.1. by 9ft. 9iii. 12ft. 9iu. bv 9ft. 9in. lliit. Dili. by lift. .■'ia. 13ft. 3in. by lift. 3in. Mft. 3in. by lift. 3iQ, Bft.a f-a i^S I I'rice. £■110 1 5 6 ISO 1 10 1 14 1 18 8 HI Aul ill other elsi'B. All AVuol. rv TRELOAR & SONS, LONDON, E.G.