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/ 
 
 BRIEF MEMOIR 
 
 OF THE 
 
 OLD FRENCH FORT AT TOROITO. 
 
 BY THE REV. DR. SCADDING. 
 
 K 
 
 /■. 
 
fSH ■■'L 
 
 •J J) 
 
 150786 
 
 
HRIKF MKMOIR 
 
 OLD FRJ^INCH FOlVr AT TORONTO. 
 
 tiY TIIK UKV. DU. SCADDING 
 
 I'riie fnuruhui(tri -.toiu' of ;iii OboIUk to mark tlie site of tlic old ('"reiicli fort or 
 tradini; jiost at 'I'oronto, was laid on the last day of ilic Serni-( 'eiileiinial \\ei.'l<, 
 1884, i)y tlie Lieutenant-Crovcrnor of Ontario, assisted by tlie Mayor of 'I'oronto, 
 A, Hoswell, Esq., and J. H. McMurrich, Esq.. Chairman of the Semi-Centennial 
 (..'ommittee. The foliowinj^ paper, prejiarod at the re(|uest of the < "ommittee, was 
 read on the occasion. | 
 
 The iloniaiii of tlie Five Natioiis of tlie li'0((ii()is. whicli cxteji'leil 
 along the whole of the south side of Luke Oiitai-io, w.is, foi- a time, 
 regai'ded, in thcoi'v at least, as neutfal gi'oiind, liy the Fieiich of New 
 Ffaiiee and the Fnifjisli of New England. iUit hoth Freneh and 
 Fnglish soon shewed a dcsii'e to ohlain a f'MHlioM thei-e : first for the 
 p'U'poses of trade, and, secondly, with a view, it cannot l)e doubted, 
 of ultimate jicssefision hy treaty or otherwise. 
 
 By permission from the neighln iii-ing Alioriginea, La Salle, in 1()7".*, 
 erected a small stockade at the month of the Niagara Ivivcr, to be 
 8im))ly a receptacle for the peltries brought down from the far W(^st. 
 from Michiliinackinac and Detroit, liy way of Lake Krie ; which 
 stockade, bj' 17'25 had become the strong, solid fortress which, with 
 some eidarjjenjents, we see to-dav in yood order on the eastern side 
 of the entrance ^o the world-famous river just named. 
 
 Following the French example, Governor Burnett of the Province 
 of N(nv York, in 1722, aftei obtaining a nominal permission fi'Oin 
 the surrounding Trocpiois, established a small store-house or trading- 
 post on the west side of the entrance to the Rivi>r Oswego, a stream 
 by which a communication could be conveniently maintainc^l with 
 the Mohawk River and the Hudson and the sea. Its use and purpose 
 were ostensibly tlie same as those of La Salle's enclosure at Niagara ; 
 but in 172S (lov(ir!ior Burnett took care that the simple stockade 
 should bo transformed into a stone fort mounting cannon, memor- 
 able as l)eing the lirst military work on the shores of Lake Ontario, 
 whence waved the flag of Fu'dand. 
 
 The eftcct of the English trading-post at the entrance of the 
 Osweyo River was soon felt bv the French tradickers in furs at fort 
 Niagara and Ibrt F'rontenac ; and \>\ consequence at Montre.il and 
 
BRIIil' MIIMOIH OK THE 
 
 Quebec and in Old Kmnee ; iind in a Journal or Report of (Jiiiiiidiaii 
 affairs transmitted to France in 1749, we have a r<'ooi-d of the 
 measures proposed and adopted, to nullify, as far as possihlf, this 
 unwelcome interference with the usual current of trailc. In that 
 document (which may be seen at p. 201, vol. X., Paris 1 )ociiiut'iits. 
 Colonial History, State of New York, piddished at Albany in IS.'iS) 
 the Governor-General of the day, or rather, as it happened, the provi 
 sional Governor-Ge.ieral of the day, M. De la Galis.sonii^re. informs 
 the government of Lou'« XV., that he had given directions for the 
 building of a stockade or storediouse at Toronto. " On being informed.'" 
 says Galissoni^re, " that the northern Indians ordinarily went to 
 Choui'guen with their peltries by way of Toronto on the northwest 
 side of Lake Ontario, twenty-five leagues from Niagara and seventy- 
 five from fort Frontenac, it was thought advisable to establish a post 
 at that place ; and to .send thither an officer, fifteen soldiers, and some; 
 workmen to construct a small stockade-fort there." 
 
 The authorities at Paris or Versailles were always cautioning the 
 governors against ex[.ense in Canada. Galissonl(ire thei-efore think.s 
 it prudent to observe : " The expense will not be great ; the timbtn- 
 is transported there, and the remainder will be conveyed by the 
 barques belonging to Fort Frontenac." He then shews how the new 
 post may be maintained, and how its main object can be .secured. 
 '' Too much care," he says, " cannot be taken to prevent those In- 
 dians (from the north) continuing tlunr trade with the Knglish ; and 
 to furnish them at this post with all their necessaries, even as cheap 
 as at Cliou6guen. Messrs. de la Jonquiere," he continues, "and 
 Bigot (i.e., the Governor, who hail now arrived to take Gal issoniii re's 
 place, and his co-adjutor or intendaiit) will permit some canoes to go 
 there on license ; and will apply the funds as a gratuity to the otHciir 
 in command there." l)irections nnist be given, he then savs, to re- 
 gulate the prices at the other posts. " It will be necessary to ordei- 
 the commandants at Detroit, Niagara, and Fort Frontenac. to be 
 careful that the traders and store-keepers of those ])osts furnish 
 goods for two or three years to come, at the same rate as the English ; 
 by this means the Indians will disaccustom themselves from going to 
 Choudguen, and the English will he obliged to abandon that place." 
 (It is scarcely necessary to say that Choudguen, written l)y the Jesuits 
 Ochoudguen, is the same name as Oswego with an initial nasal syllable 
 dropped. It may be mentioned too that a fort at Toronto had been 
 suggested some years before, namely in 1G86, by Governor de Den- 
 onville.) 
 
 We have hints in Galissonidre's document of dissatisfaction at forts 
 Niagara and Frontenac, at the prospect of diminished business in 
 consequence of the establishment of a new trading-post at Toronto. 
 The complaints are thus met. He is informed by M. Bigot, he says, 
 
 t\ 
 
I( 
 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 Ol.n KHKNCll l-oK'f AT I'OXONTO. 5 
 
 t.l\;it " if there \>e less tnuk' jit those two lust-tneutioncil foils, tlien- 
 will bo less tniiisportatioii of iiieicliiiiKlizf ; what will ho lost on the 
 (»iu' side will he ifiiiiied on tlu; other, untl it will amount to umeh the 
 same in the end. The Kin;,' will even reap a great advantaije, if we 
 can accomplish the fall of Choiieu;uen 1)\ disgiistinif the Indians with 
 that place ; and this can be (^fi'ectod only by selling cheap to them. 
 M. liigot," he continues, "will attend to this. He proposes to oljlige 
 those who will farm Toronto to sell their goods at a reasi>nal)le price. 
 M. de la Jouquiere ;the newly-arrived Governor) observes," he then 
 finally adds, "that it wouM be desiraljle if we c(»uld become masters 
 of Chouegiien." 
 
 As to the form and size of the f(U't at Toronto, we obtain very 
 precise infonnation in the Memoir upon the Late War in North 
 America in 1755-00 by Capt. Pucliot, the last French commandant 
 at Fort Niagara. " The fort of Toronto " Puchot says, (it. 1 1!*, Vol 
 II.) is at the end of the bay (i.''., the west end), on the side which 
 i.s quite elevated and covered (probably in the original, protected) b\ 
 flat I'ock so that vessels cannot approach within cannon shot." Pu- 
 chot had seen the fort, but he writes in the past tense, after its de- 
 struction : " This fort or post." he .says, "was a S(piare of about 
 thirty toises on a side externally, with Hanks of tiftt^en fe(^t. The 
 curtains formed the buildings of the fort. It was very well imilt. 
 piece upon piece, but was oidy tiseful foi- trade. A league west of 
 the fort, he adds, is the mouth of the Toronto river, which is of eon 
 siderable size. This river connuunicates with Lake Huron by a ]»or- 
 tage of fifteen leagues, and is fretpiented by the Indians who conic^ 
 from the north." 
 
 That the fort at Toronto was officially named fort Ilouilld, we learn 
 from a despatch of M. de Longueuil, Govenior-ljleneral, addres.sed in 
 1 752 to Rouilld himself, who was ^Minister of Marine, i. e., of the 
 Colonies, at Paris or Versailles ; his full name and title being 
 Antoine Louis Houille, Count de Jouy. The official or complimen 
 tary name, however, seems almost immediately to have lapsed into 
 the popular one of Fort Toronto ; from its being situated close to 
 the landing-place of the portage leading northwards to Lake Toronto, 
 /. e., Lake Simcoe, along the valley of the river Toronto, i. e,., the 
 Humber ; and in fhis very despatch, iSI. de Longueuil uses both ex- 
 pressions. 8peaki.ng of a missing soldier who had recently been sent 
 with despatches froui the post of Niagara to the post of Fort Fron- 
 tenac, via Toronto, he pays : " the commandant at Niagara, jNI. de la 
 Levalterie, liad detached a soldier to convey certain desjiatches to 
 Fort Rouille, with orders to the store-keeper at that post to transmit 
 tliem prom})tly to Montreal. It is not known," he then adds, " what 
 became of that soldier. About the same time, he says, a Mississaga 
 from Toronto arrived at Niagara who informed M. de la Levalterie 
 
6 
 
 UUIKK MKMOIU oF Tlli: 
 
 thiit ho hail not sfcii that soMior at tlu' foi-t, nor met with him on 
 the wav. It is to lie Icurod that he has iicoii kiUt'il hv the Indians, 
 and tlit> d('S[iatt'h«'s cairifcl to the Kn<,'lisli. " In tho .same (hu-nnnMil 
 tVoni tlic [xMi of M. do Lnngnonil, we :iro int'orniod tlmt '' t]u' stoi'o- 
 kcopoi' at Tni-onto writes to M. (h' Vcivln'ros. eonimandiuit at Fort 
 Frontoiiiic, that some trustworthy Indians liavo assured hitn that the 
 Saulteurs (Indians of the Sault) wlio kilK 'our Frenclimjui some youis 
 ago, have dispersed tliemselves ah>ng tlie Iiead of Lake Ontario, and 
 seeing liiniself suv/ounded l)y tliem, he (h)ulits not l)Ut they have 
 Honu^ evil (h'sign on his tort ; thei'(> is no (h)iil>t hut it is the Kng- 
 
 hsli, he savs. who are nidncmg tiie 
 
 Ind 
 
 lans to desti-ov 
 
 the F 
 
 roneii 
 
 and that tln-y woidd give a good (U-al to grt the sa\ages to destroy 
 Fort Toronto, on areount of the essential injuiy it does th<'ir trade 
 at (.'iioueguen." AVe ran form some idea of the amount of liusiness 
 transaetetl at Toi'onto. trom the testin\oiiy of Sir William .lohnson 
 in 1 7'»7. "I have heard traders of long expi-rienee and good ir- 
 eumstancoH aifirm," Sir William says, '"that for tlie exclusive trade 
 of the j)ost (at Toronto tliry would willingly pay , CI, 000 for one 
 season, so eertain wert^ they of a (piiet market tVom tlu' eheapn<'ss 
 at which llicy could afford their goods thei'e." 
 
 In 1 7")*i the suggestion f»f (iovernor de la .ron(piiei(' that the 
 French should Ihcoum' masters of ('Iioueguen was earrieil iiit<i elfeet 
 hy no le.vs a person than Monti'aliii, wiio afterwards fell at Quebec. 
 He assaulted the I'aiglish t'Ut at ( 'liou(5guen. and eapture(l it; hut the 
 act was speedily avenged l)y the l\ni:lish general l>radstreet, who 
 took the stronghold of Foi-i Frontenac itself in that year. ITo.'^. 
 
 The crisis was now at hand. In this same year, 1 T.IS, the (Jover- 
 nor-tieneral, tie Yaudreuil, in a d(>sj)atch to the Minister of Marine 
 at Paris, ^I. de Messiac, writes : — " If the Fnglish should mak(^ their 
 Hppearanct^ at Toi'onto. I ha\(' given orders to burn it at once, ami to 
 fall hack o i Niagara.'" Then in the following year, IToD, we have 
 the last refei'eiica to Toronto in th(> Ficneh despatches. After stating 
 that he had ordered down what reinforcements ho couhl fi'om Illinois 
 and I) 'troit, for the protection of fort Niagara, iNI. de Vaudi-euil 
 writes to tlie same Minister at Paris, that, ''Those forces would pi-o- 
 ceed to the relief of Xiagai a, should the enemy wish to besiege it ; 
 and I have in like mannei." h(^ says, "sent oi'ders to Toronto, to 
 collect the Mississagas ami other nations and foi'wai-d them to 
 Nhigaia." 
 
 On the •J.-'th of .Inly, ITo'J, the fortress of Niagara fell, and 
 Quebec followed on the 18th of Sei)teml)or, in the same year. Not 
 man}' days before that 2r>th of July, watchers on the ram[)arts of the 
 beleaguered Niagara would p(M'ceive a cohiinn of smoke, ascending 
 from th<' f 11- hoi'izon in thi^ direction of Toronto. This would be an 
 indication that the orders of M de Vaudreiiil had been obeyed, and 
 
 > 
 
Ill, I) ||!l.N( 11 FOltT Al' TOUONTO. 
 
 > 
 
 
 tluit in a few liniiis, all that llic iMiLjIlsli or jiliV our (•Isc a|i)ir(nclilii;,' 
 tilt' s|i()t, wdiiM cMT aLTain src of tliat t railiiii,' post, would Itr simply 
 a ouit'iisfd iiiiiss of cliarrcil (iiulirr with a low cliiriiiit'y-stack of 
 coarse hrick .sin roiiiHli'd liy a sliatlncd llooiiin,' of l>road llajisloiics 
 from tlic adjoining' licacli. So I'lidrd Fort luniilld, Fort Toronto, or 
 till' old Frcncli fort, w Iiii]ir\cr we may clioosc to call it. In ITSS, 
 Captain < iollicr .Mann was aidt; to trace I'cmains of live liiiildin^s, 
 great and .small, as appt'ais from Ids very inteiestiiiy' plan of the J'>ay 
 iitul its surroundiiij,'s. lately found in London liy^Ir. Ifodifins. In 
 the remains of Kort Toronto, visiltle down to 1S7S, tin; precise num- 
 ber of imiidinifs could not lit; so clearly discerned ; hut the situi-tion 
 of a chimney-staclv, vaiioiis depi-essions in tlie <,'i'eens\varil aiul the 
 line of tlie ]iickets wiiieli had surrounded the enclosure couhl al 
 
 readilv he made out ; and that the 
 
 se wt 
 
 It! vestiws of the oltl French 
 
 fort Toronto, was u maltei- i>f common notoriety. 
 
 As wo havt; ali'Catly seen, our fort Toronto was one of a <piadrila- 
 teral of forts, so to sjmak, on the slit)res t)f Lakt; Ontario ; Frontenac, 
 Chouf';,'uen antl Niagara heiny the othei' thri'e. Kini,'ston still shews 
 
 to its sons and dau^iiters, and to strani^eis. the sitt; and remains of 
 its ohl fort Frontenac. Oswcyo shews to its sons and tlauyhters, and 
 to strangers, the site antl remains of t)ie old foi't Oswego or Cliou(5guen, 
 as well as the site of anotliei- st)'ucture of the colonial times, the 
 secoml fort Oswt'go ; tt) .s,iy nothing of Fort Ontarit>. And Niagara 
 points, not simply to the site of the foi-t of Li Salle, hut to its imuie- 
 tliate solid successor, standing ttomplete and in good ordt>r to this day. 
 It also points to twt) other sites of Military works, hoth t)f them 
 objects of much interest, Fort George and Ft)rt Mississaga. 
 
 Tt)ronto is hiss I'ich in relics and memories of a hundred ye.iis ag 
 than these towns. The spot on which we are standing is in fact the 
 t)nly one amongst us that can with truth bis called an ancient historic 
 
 f the Industiial F.\hil)ition As.sociation in 
 
 Sltt 
 
 exigencies o 
 
 L">78, reipiired that the giouud here sho\ild hi; le\-el!ed down and 
 made smooth, antl that the cruiiililing edge of the tlill'shtiuld bt; 
 straightened antl guanled iVoiii further waste. This untortunately 
 led to the utter obliteratit)n of tlit; remains of our olti French fort. 
 Therefore the call is all the moi-e imperati\e and [iressing to i-e-estal)- 
 lish, as we are about to do, some indication of its foi'iner existence, not 
 
 likely 
 
 in to ili.sa[»j)ear — some indication, that is to say, of tin 
 
 soon aga 
 former existence of a structiirt> which was virtually tin; ilrst germ of 
 Toronto, and which linked tin; histoiy tif Toronto with the history of 
 French Canada antl the fates of France under the reginu; of Louis 
 the Fifteenth. 
 
 [I am informed by Mr. Duniford, of Ilautevilli;. in Guernsey, th.Tt Capi. ()■ tlna- 
 Mann, R. K., abuve named, attained tlie rank uf (jeneral, and was aji^jinted 
 Inspectiir (Jeneral of Fortifiealions, and that a stjn of liis was an officer of the 
 Royal Kn^dneers, as is ai.so a L;rand-on now livinL^ ; likewise 
 
 that the Rev. F. \V, 
 
 Mann, Rcolor of the parish of Calel, in Guenv-,ey, is another grandson (18S4).] 
 
\Ioi)utT|er)t to n\iitk die exkiit ^ile of tlie 
 Old i^reii^h '^^01% at Tot'onto. 
 
 -.1 tho last day of the Kemi-Contt'iiiiial celchratioii at 'rnruiito, in 
 18^4, the foiiiiilatiiiii of a M jiimriiil ('.iliimii m- Shaft, aftor a (lo.si<,Mi by 
 thi' arehitoctH. INIt'.s.sr.s. Lan,i,'K'y iV liiirko, to mark tho oxaet aite of " The 
 Ohl Frouch Fort, " or Tradint,' Post, t-stalilislioil at Toronto in I74!», \va» 
 laid by Hia Honour tho Lioutonant-(jrovornor of Ontario, in thu prosonce 
 of tlio Worrthipfiil tho Mayor of tho Oity, A. W. i^oswoll, E3»|., and a 
 hiryo concourso of ,s[iootator.s as.soud)k'd from tlnj suii -,indin;,'oountry and 
 from tho United States Tiio custody (.f tho bogu:i structure was at tho 
 same time formally aoce[tted l)y tlio Mayor in I, ,■ nanu of tl<f -. ity. 
 
 Tt i- very desirable that this Column or Sluift, intended to 
 perpetuate to future generations the memory of ar, inruresting faet in our 
 early history, and calculated to bo j.n ornament to the Exhibition Park 
 and an attractive object to all visitors and Htran;^ers, should be carried 
 forward to completion, if not at once, at least l)y instalments y av after 
 year. 
 
 You are earnestly requested to assist in tho creation of a fund for 
 this purpose, either by sending a donation to the Treasurer, \V. B. 
 McMurrich, Escj., who will cai'ofully make a record of donors' names, or 
 l)y dropping a contril)ution into one of the Boxes provided for such gifts 
 fnnn young and old, among tho general public, at the Simcoe (Southern) 
 Pi(meors' Cabin and at the Secretary's table in the Museum of the Zoolo- 
 gical and Acclinnitization Society, in the Park. 
 
 The f(jlIowing gentlemen will act as a Connnittee for carrying forward 
 the Memorial Colinnn to completion :— His Honour the Lieut. -Governor, 
 Hon. John Beverley llobinson. His Worship the Mayor, Alexander 
 Manning, Esq., J. J. Withrow, Es(i., W. B. McMurrich, Esq., A. W. 
 Boswoll, Esq., Col. Gzowski, A.D.C., and Rev. Dr. Scadding. The Chair- 
 man and members of the City Exhibition Committee and the Mana(dn<' 
 Committee of the Industrial Associati<ni have likewise expressed a hearty 
 interest in the undertaking. 
 
 Toronto, September, B85.