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BICENTENARY LECTURE

KING WILLIAM 11^^

^he li*r0 of the Joam,

HIS LIFE AND TIMES,

'^1

Delivered in the Victoria Hall, Brockville,
2np July, 1890,

J. ringland.'m.r.c.p.,

Author OP "Protestantism : its Past History, Prksent Position, and

ruTORE Prospects," and of Pqems on the Murder ok Hackett,

BATtLE OF Dolly's Brae, Ba^ttle of Fish Creek, Relief

OF Battleford, Two Hundred Years Ago, Eic.

-11
II

.^1

Price-Single Copies, 25 cents ; $2.00 per Dozen ; $8 00 Fox
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FKOM

NORM'ANMURR<s

MONTREAL. »«'«-'-7;o;^^^"^i"'^

"Witness" PRiNTrwo House, St. James Street.

1890.

1 "^ ; ' . V *" ■* W '"•

1
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-.1"

'«»..*

'Xi

/ -7

O^'

1
-.J

BICENTENARY LIXTURE

KING WILLIAM III.

vihc 4!}crci of the tloijuc,

LIIS LIFE AND TIML.S.

Delivered in the Victoria Mai.i., Hr( k:kvii.i.e,
2ni) JiEV. 1890.

J. RINGLANI). M.R.C.P..

AiM'iioK UK " I'Kiii i:sr.\N I ISM : ns I'Asr IIiskiuv, I'iu-sknt I'dsition, aM)

Fb'll'KK I'ROSl'tCI'S." AMI ilK i'oKMH ON IlIK MnUDKK uK IIacKKI 1,

r.Airii; oK D.ii.iv's ISrak, IJArn.K up I'lsii Ckkkk, Rki.iik

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50 CollKS; $15.00 loK ICO.

MONTRKAL:

Wrr.NEss" Pri.ntinc; House, St. James Stueet.

1890.

111.

TO THE READER.

The Bi-centenary of the Battle of the Boyne seemed an
appropriate occasion for presenting the following Lecture to the
public. In doing so, the author is yielding to the urgent request
of many friends, with whose wishes he is anxious to complv. He
desires it, however, to be distinctly understood that he makes no
claim to originality, in either thought or diction, but has, to the
best of his ability, collected, collated, and condensed the more
important events in the REvor.rriON ok i6S8, which secured to
British subjects the priceless blessings of civil and religious liberty.

In the preparation of the following pages the author has freelv
availed himself of such works as were at his disposal ; among
others, Motley's History of the Dutch Republic, Burton's Historv
of the House of Orange, Graham's History of the Siege of Derry,
Lord Macaulay's History of England and other works of a similar
character, and to which he here, once for all, begs to acknowledge
his indebtedness.

Seeing the long and rapid strides the ("hurrh of Rome is
making, not only in Canada, but in the Mother Country and her
distant colonies, have not we I'rotestants just cause for alarm ?
Pampered and petted in Creal Hritaiii and Ireland, incorporated
and endowed in Canada, courted and encouraged in the United
States, it requires neither the sight of a seer nor the inspiration of
a prophet to predict that she, whose motto is Siw/>er Eadan, will
at no distant jteriod make another boUl pu^h for ascendencv.

Let me say to the members of the Lcjyal Orange Association, in
the words of the poet :

" Sons of the men \\\ni noMy stood,
Strong in their (Ikkai' 1 )i;i kmhik,
And slieii in fieedonrs cau>e their blood,

'Midst slioiits of ' No .SlRKKMlKR,'
Prove worthy of their deathless fane.

And of the badjje you carry.
And be in spirit, as in name,
True ' "I'reniice Hoys of Derry.'

IV.

" Still celc'luaic- the ^lorimi^ day,

When heaven, in teniler piiy,
Drove ail your fathers' foes away,

And saved the ' Maidkn Cl IY.'
Still hoist, as ill the days of oM,

\'iuir llajj en voitdL-r io\wr,
.\ci|- ever let its Ckimsun fold

I'.e furled by I'RIisil.Y jviwer."

If the })L'nis;il of ihe followini^ pai^i'S sliall arouse our rrotrstaiU
hrt'thren to a sense of their (ian.y:er, unite tliem in llie eoMinion
cause of their common faith and freedom, or stimulate tlicm to
a more profound veneration for llie illustrious heroes of Derry
and the Bovne, they sliall have accomplished the object of the
author.

1. RINGL.VNP.

5+ Victoria Street,

Montreal, P (J.
July, i8(jo.

I<IX(; WILLIAM iir.

lilt
on
to
rry
he

Mk. C'llAIKMAN. LaDIIS AM» Gkn H.FM K N :

It alTonls me ^rcat plcasiu-c to have the privilege of ad-
(hessing you this eveniiiijf on the hfe and times of one of the
greatest inonai'chs that ever swayetl a sceptre, Kin^;; W'iUiam
III., I'rince of Oran<^e, the Hero t)f the Hoyne.

Much may be learned from the biojjjraphies of the L,Meat
and Ljood men who have <j[one before us. Their li\es ami
their examples ha\e an important and powerful inlluence in
the formation and development of character, and are, there-
fore, worth}" oiu- (lili_i;cnt jierusal and careful study. As
Lonirfellfjw has truK- said —

" LivL'^ of Ljrcat men all lemiuil IH

We c:in m.ike our lives suliiiinc,
Anil. <lL-|)aitiiit;, leave behind us

I'DotluiiUs on tlie saixls of time :
Footprints that perhaps anolliei.

Sailing o'er life > solemn main,
A forlorn and sIiijuvreLked brother

Seeinjj, shall take heart apain.'

In this connection, let me remark that if half the time which
is devoted to the perusal of dime novels, and such literar)-
trash, with which the country is 11 ooi led, were given to the
study of the biographies of the IIow irds ,ind llavelocks,
the Haxters and Biui\ans, the Nelsons and Xapiers, the
Wellingtons and William of ( )ran<'e, the moral tone of the
rising generation would he \aslly improxed ; man\- a pro-
mising youth would be saved from moral shipwreck ; gaols
and penitentiaries would be ileprived of many of their
inmates ; the fatlier's hope and the mother's pride, instead of
breaking their loving hearts, would live to bless and cheer
their declining years with grace and goodness. This, brethren,

is a serious thoiiLjht, (li'in.indiiii; the attention o| r\cr\'oiie
entrusted witli the trainin;^ of youth. The youni; nnist read
.md will ic.ui. therefore it Welmxes jjarciUs and <;uariUans ol
tlie risini,^ ,L;eneratioii to see tliat their readini; matter l)(^ of
the proper sort, for rhey eainiot ri-aii without inihihiuL; either
less or more ot ihi' ->pirit < if tin- works the)' peru>e.

Jiut to ni\- subji'el.

There are times and circumstances in the hte ol nations, .is
in tile life of indivichials, which naturall\- claim our attention,
ami demand our serious ami solemn consideration Such a
time is the pre-^ent. (jod, in \\\-> prosidi'nce, has ])ii\ ile_L;ed
\"ou .md me to \\ilne->s the hi-centen.arx' of one ol the t;reatest
events of modiMii times the Kevohition i^f ifi.S.S ; and if we
carefull)- siud\- the cn-cumstance.s comiected with that event,
\vc cannot t.iil to le.irn some \-ery important lessons, that ma\"
in some me.isure serve to j^uide us throUL;h the storm that
seems i^atherinn in the distance, and which threatens th(;
peace, pro^perit)", ;iml welfare of the mii;hl\' empire ot which
we form .111 inte;4r.il p.irr.

Km|)ires rise and tall ; nation.-, have their i)eriods of ^lowlh
and decHN'. Men ;md nioii.irchs alike perli'irm their paits in
this i^reat dram.i of life, tlisappear. .iiul .ire soon for_i;()tten ;
but he, whose life and times it is my privileL^e to poiu"tra\- this
evcnin;:;. h;is left behind him tin- impress of his nu\;ht)- mind
upon tin: Hritish Constitution, ;ind iii\en to posterit)' a name
that, while rrotestantism exists, can never die.

Warriors W.iw tou,L;ht the l);ittles of their countr)- ; states-
men h.ive toiled ;ind .-.trui^gled to promote their nation.al
interests and indepeiideiice ; patrifjts have li\eil and labored
for the prc>spi'rity and welfare of fatherlaml ; but not one is
there amonj^st them all, be the\' warriors, statesmen or |)atriots,
who combined in so remarkable a manner these three <4reat
([ualities as he who is the subject of my lecture this evening —
" KiuiX William III,, the I lero of the Ho\-ne."

When William 1., surnametl " The Silent," i;reat-grandfather
of our hero, appeared upon the ;*taL;e of life, the Netherlands
were subject to the iron rule of Philip II. oC S[)ain, husband

of lMooi,l\' M;ir\', ;iiid .i ruttilcss norscculor of I'nttestaiits
l"hc Dutch had early cmbraccil the tloctriiics of the Kefoinia-
tioii. aiul the infamous l)ukeof .\l\a,~ I'hilip's deput)- in the
Xctherlamls, boaslud thai he had dfli\Lrcd luj loss than l.S.ooo
herelies into the haiuls ot the cxccntii'itcr

These cruelties drove the people into rebellion William
headed the insurrection, and. after a protracted and (les[)erale
strui,f,L,de, succeetled in securini; the- freedt)ni of the Netherlands,
and orL^anizin^ them into a Republic, under the name of the
"UNITKI) l*k()\lN(IN."

William's services L;ained forli ai the esteem ami confidence
of the Dutch people, who, aic idur^ly, elect'-d him first Stadt-
holder of the infant com' iiinveaith, <',i.ptain (iiMieral of its
armies, aiul Admir.il oi its tli'c' lie was a terror and a
barrier to the inroads of I'-'^/cy tlutup^hout an heroic and
eventful life, till Philip II , I)y the advice of t'ardinal Gran-
ville, offered no k'ss th.ui -?5,ooo L;'old crowns for his assassina-
tion. Then liallhassar Gerard, a bigoted RomiUiist and tool
of the Jesuits, hopin;,; Ni advaiue hi-> velii^ion and till \\\>
purse, undertook the bloody dood. Others of a like stamp
with Gerard out\ieil e.ich othci in tlv''i thirst for ihc blood of
" The Silent," but were always foiled in their attempts upon
his life. Not so with (Jerartl ; for seven years, with all the
pertinacit)' of the followers of Loyola, he pursued his victim,
till at leni^th.disi^uised as a 1 Iu;;uenot and [lersecuted C'alvinist,
he obtained admission to the palace of Delph, under the pre-
text of i^ettiuL,' a passport signed by William, and thus suc-
cecdetl in discharging fnjm a [)istol three poisonetl bullets
into the bod\' of" The Silent," from which he almcjst imme-
diately expired, on the loth Jul\-, i 5S4, in the 12W(\ \v.i\x of
his age. The wretch was t.ikcn and executed for the crime,
and now ranks as one of Rome's martx'rs.

Passing over Pl:ilip William, Maurice, and 1 lenry I'^rederick,
sons of " The Silent," and (others of the illustrious House of
Orange, whose actions adorn the pages of history, we come
down to William II., father of the Hero of the Boyne.

William married the Princess Mar\', eldest daufditer of

Charles I.— the unfortunate Kin.i; of England. lie was a
brave and courageous prince, but sometimes the ardor of his
ambition overbalanced discretion, ami produced disasters,
Ihe States General, in whom the so\ereii;ii authority of the
Dutch Rei)ublic was vested, resolved, contrary to William's
wishes, to dismiss the -reater part of the army. ' Provoked by
this determination, WiUiam listened to violent counsels,
impri.soned several of the deputies, and marched ai^ainst
Amsterdam to sei/.e its ma-istrates. His dcsioii was discov-
ered an.i defeated ; and so -reat was his mortification that he
u-as thrown into fever, followed b>- small-i)o.\-. of which he died
in the 24th )ear of his ai^c.

So terrible was the sli(Kd< upon his youni;- wife that it
brou;^dit on a premature confinement, and on the .;th Novem-
ber, ir.50, at the Royal i)alacc, near the Haouc. in Holland
she -ave birth tr. William 111., Prince of Oran-e— the Hero
of the Poyne

Lines of world-wide interest met upon his infant head, and
clouds, pre-nant with immortal consequences, leathered o'er
Iiis cradle, ta.xm- all the skill and cncr-y of Hpcr years to
u-ipc them away. The States, inlluence.l by Oliver Cromwell
abolished the r.ffice of Stadtholder, the rank ami di-nity of
^vhich ri-ht!>- bclonocd to William. Death deprivexrhim of
his m<,ther when he was but ten years of a-e, and France
robbed him of his little principality of Qranoe when he was
only 15, while the States, under l)e Witt, removed from
about hmi ail his faithful and attached d(-.mestic.s. Thus
surrounded by .nares, tyrants, traitors and difficulties, an
ordmary mind wunid have -iven wa\- under the pressure of
the circumstances by which he was surrounded. Init the God
of circumstances was, by these ver\- means, maturin- our hero
for the achievement of those olori.nis designs which, in after
years, immortalized his name as the champion of civil and
relii^ious libert\-.

On the tleath of his mother, the care of the youn- Prince
devolved upon his -randmother, Louisa Coli.oni. dauohter of

b}-

that famous Huij^ucnot Admiral of I'rancc, who was so basely
Initchcrcd in the Massacre of St. l-Jartholomcw, 1572.

Of his earl\- education we liax-e hut httle knowlcdt^^c. It is
said that l)c Witt, wlio s\va\-ed the councils of the States,
purposely conni\-ctl to rob him of lliat important advantatj^c.
However, it appears certain from history that he was a fair
miHtar\' mathematician, and could speak, at least, four lan-
guages with fluency ; while, perhaps, much of the religious
principles, that characterized his actions all through life, ma}-
be largel)- attributed to the caieful training he recei\ed from
his pious grandmother.

iAt length, when he was but iS, he contrived to give his
guardians the slip, proceeded to the pro\incc of Fricsland, and
was, f irthwith, chosen first noble of that state. To Wilh'am
this was a position of no littU' importance, as it gave him a
scat in the States (icneral, and. therefore, a \-oice in the
govermiient of the Republic.

Two years later (1670), when only 20, William visited
Kjigland ami his mother's gi-a\e, and for the first time saw
his cousin Mary, who was afterwards destined to share in his
honors ami his res|ionsibilities. After a shoi't and ])leasant
sojourn he i-etm-ned to 1 loll.md, around which Louis XIV.
was rapid])- weaving his web <>f deadi)- intrigue. biretl with
the lust of coiKjuest the bieiuli King had determined to
attach to himsdt and his interests as main- of the luu'opean
powers as gold or influence could secure, antl among others
Charles II., the un[)rincipled ICing of England.

Charles, on the other hand, sought to become an absolute
monarch and to Romani/e his subjects, I.ouis scnight to
f)osscss himself of Spain, as well as o{' I lollantl, if tlie sickl\-
King, his l)rother-in-la\\ , shouKl die without issue. This, he
knew, would be opposed by the so\ei-eigns ol' h'urope ; but,
considei-ing himself -j match lor these, and knowing that
iMigiand could turn the scale, he thought it his best i)o!ic\- to
form an alliance with Charles, .\ccordingl\-, tin- t\\ d monarchs
entered into the infamous Treaty of I )o\-er, which was ke|it
secret fi)r \-ears — a treal\- alike discreditable to both monarchs

,111(1 covering; the incniorx' of ( 'liarlus with eternal iiifanu'. \W
this treat)' llie lMiq,"lish Kiivj; boiiiul himself to abandon his
late friends, the Dntrh.who had sheltered him when he dared
not show" his face in h'n;_;land. lie hoimd himself to join
Louis in inv.idiiiL; 1 lolland, tt) siipplx" a number ot men and
ships for the iiuasion, to sui)i)ort the claims of I.oiiis upon
Spain, and to make a public: profession of Romanism, and do
his utmost to extend it u\c\- liis dominions.

Louis, nw his part, en^Jii^ed to pay the needy [JrolliL^ate the
<nm of /. lJO,ooo sterhiiL;' a \"ear durini; the \\,u\ with se\eral
fortresses on the Scheldt : and promised, moreover, that if the
Kni^lish, who hated I'opery, and were moi'e tlispdsed to culti-
vate friendshij) with the 1 )uteh rivsl)yteri;uis than with the
h'rench Romanists, should rise in rebellion, he wouUl semi an
arinx', at h\< own expense, to su])port Charles.

Several parts of this nefu'ious compact were immcdialely
carried into effect. (. harles, though bound by a treaty with
I lolland, dincted his tleet, without the sli!_;'htest provocatitjn,
to tlestrov the Dutch shippin;j; both far and near. llisonlers,
thou;..^!! il!et';al, liein;.;' issued without the consent of I'arliamenl,
were at once obex^ed, and an attack was niatle u[)on a number
of rich Dutcli merchantmen comiiiL; fioni Smyrna under a
convoy o{ a few ships of war. The convcn', lu)wcver, played
their [)art so bravely that the merchant ships escaped with but
little loss, aiKl this disi;'raceful outraL;e [)ro\ed a disgraceful
failure, and, soon after, war was opeiiK'dcclareil aj^aiust 1 lolland.

It has been truly said that the best way to maintain peace
is to be prep.iied tor war, and so, bv contraries, it pi'o\ed at
this time fir llollanti, provini; the foresiL;ht of William II.
when he opposcil the disbantliuL;' of the iJutch army in 1650.
The States General, as I have ahead}- slated, hail disbamlcd
the {greater part of their army, and consccuientlx' their territories
were, in a .L^reat measure, unprotected. Louis, taking" att\an-
taije of their weakness, marched an invadinij^ arm)' against
them, and thoUL^h.at the last moment the Dutch nobly exerted
themselves to muster an ai'iu}-, their raw and undisci[)lined
levies were no match fjr the veterans of h'rance. Three of

the seven L'nitecl rrovir.ces \vci-e soon in ihc hands of the
invaders, and the hrrs of the hostile camp could be distinctly
seen from the to[) of tlie Stadthouse in Amstenlani.

Hut, thouj^h the States General, under De Witt, v, ere
opposed to the House of Orani;e, the soldiers and populace
liad always been warmly ;itlachetl to it, and now raL;ed fiercel)-
against the (iovernnient for excluding the yount;- Prince from
the posts of iionor held b\- his illustrious fatliers and thus
causing;- all their nu'scry. A rexolution immediately took
place : De Witt, the chief of the opposing faction, was literally
torn to pieces amid cries of " see the traitor that has l)ctra_\ed
his C(nmtr\- I " and the (}o\crnnicnt was compelled In- the
Orange ])art}- to proclaim William, Prince of Orange, Stadt-
holder oi i h)!huul, and Caj)tain-(jeneral of all her arnn'es.

]M>]lowing him, henceforth, we tiiul oiu'sehes on the- path of
a Hero and a soldier, might)- .imoug the nnghtiest. lie was
one of the world's greatest connnanders and one of i-'reedom's
bravest cham])ions. I lis ])ersonal courage stood the test of
long service, wars, wounds and sickness, raging maladies,
raging multitudes and raging seas ; the daggers of many
assassins, the clash of a Inuidied charges, and the swct'p of a
hiuidred camion showers. Strengtii, sword and science were
against him from the cratlle to the gra\-e ; but no man e\er
discovered a time, trial, person or thing that William feared

Kver foremost in the charge aiitl last in the retreat, his
martial hat was seen where war storms thickest fell — the
orifiamme of freemen in the fight. Like a soldier in search of
death or a spirit that loxed to bicathe in fire and smoke, wher-
ever a point was to l)e i)ressed r a regiment to be rallied,
William of Nassau was e\er seen, and —

" \\ lien the 1)1i)(m1, sireammi; lii> aiinour o'er
C'rimsdiieil tlie battle sod ;
Tlie reinaimler boiled and bounded more
As lie struck for Truth and Ood."'

No sooner was William invested in the office of Stadtholdcr
than he set to work in defence of his country, and though only
22 years of age, he possessed an extraordinary amount of that

imloinituble ccnir.it^c, wliich never quailed under the greatest
difficulties. The Kings of both l''r;uicc and Knglaiul tried to
seduce him from his allegiance to the Re|)uhlic ; but William
proved inctjrruptibK- and unflinching in his fidelity to his
country. "Tell the King," said he, " that I will never betray
the trust rcposctl in mc, nor .sell the Hbei-ties of the country
which my ancestors have so long defended, and for which the\'
sacrificed their lives." .And when the Dukx of Huckingham.
the dissolute envo\- of Charles, asked the Prince of Orange if
he did not see the inevitable destruction of the Dutch
Republic, William's memorable repl)' was " l^e it even so,
there is one way !)}• which I, at least, shall be sure not to
wit'.iess the ruin (,f my country, 1 will die contending for it
in the last ditch."

The States, in their despair sent to ask Louis on what
terms he would make peace ; but his conditions were so
exorbitant that, or. hearing them read, one of the Dutch
ambassadors fainted. lie demanded North Brabant, I^'landers,
and the Dutch possessions south of the Meuse aiul the Wahl,
besides the e.vorhitant sum of 20,000,000 livres, to help his
" Catholic Majesty" to pay for his trouble in robbing a countrx'
that owetl him nothing, and nun'tleiing a ])eoi)le who had done
him no wrong.

Hut there was no fi'ar f)r fainting' with William. He
encouraged his countrymen to hold out to the last, and })ro-
posed that, should they be dii\en from Holland, they should
take refuge in their ships, and, sailing to some of the East
India Islands, esca{)c h'rench tyrann;,- and superstition, and
there fount! a home where Libeit\- and pure Religion, driven
by des[)ots and bigots from Iuu-o[ie. might f\iu\ shelter and
Hourish. I'he dykes which protected the Lowlands from the
ravages ot the ocean were opt.'ned and the countr}*t1ooded.
The inxaders were forced to nial<e a precipitate retreat.
.Armies were raisetl, soldiers traiued and disci[)lineil, alliances
were foimed with Spain, Austria and (ierman\-, all of which
h.ul an interest in opposing the ambitious projects of h^'ance.

The tide of war was turned. Town after town and fortress

after fortress \v;is rccaptiirctl hy the Dutch. Xaerdcii was
retaken in three hours hy the rriiicc. Coxcrtlen in one hour,
VValcheren surreiulered ; while at Ardenbur^-, with only 200
burghers and lOo soUliers, he t\\ ice rc|)u!sed 5,000 of tlie flow er
of the l"^-ench arnn-. killeil a larije number of tiie enein\- and
captured 500 prisoners.

•And here the ladies of .XrdenburL^ must not be fori;otteii.
" Honor to whom honor is due." J )urinL;- the eni^^agement
these brave women kept filling;- the baiulolceis with powder,
wliile the children carried bullets to their fathers at the ^uns.
With such women at their back no wonder the men fouL;lit so
bravely. God bless our women aiul children ! What would
we be without them? This is not the first or onl\- time thev
have proved tlieir pluck in the day and hour of daui^cr. \\"ho
has read the Siet;e of Derrs* and will not i;i\e the ladies their
meed of i)raise ? And who has not heard of the \aliant con-
duct of the ladies of Helfast, only a i'cw years ai^o, when the
Pai)ist population, aided and abetted by the popish policemen
drafted from the south, committed the most tlanrant outraues
upon the I'rotestants of the town. Aj^ain and a^ain these
bra\e women stood and fou,L;ht b)- the sitle of their husbands,
and, when the men showed an_\- disposition of ^-icldinjj;-, nrc;ed
them on by word and e.vample, in the Hice of voile)- after
volley of buckshot from the rifles of the pcMice.

At the Ixittle of lJol!\-'s Hrae, t(X), wc^men bra\e!\- joined
in the conflict — some of them charijinij the enem\- b\- the side
of a l^rother, a liusband or sweetheart. One carried the
OrauLje flag- and planted it on the mountain, another, I knew
well, went side by side with her lo\-er, and, w hen he fell, sorel\-
wounded b\' the encm\-, stood and defendetl his life till
brethren came and carried him iVom the field. Then, in the
words of the poet :

"Let not the menioiy |H-iisli iliat women, too, wire llure,
VVIu), in the c.tiise lliey clieri.sli, wuuKl cuiiniless evils dare."

At length Charles II. was com[)elled by the Protestants of
Englanil to seek a peace. Terms of tieat\' were drawn up
and sent to the Northern powers ; but such pronn'nence had

the Pope's name in these articles tliat the Dutch and Swedes
hoiiDrabl}' ohjectctl. Then the 1^^-ench tried ail their powers
of tlattcry to induce Williani to make peace apart from these

Rome-hatin!_r allie-

saiil

1 1 ham.

1 will

die in

the

last ditch ere 1 have .uiN'thiui;- hut an honorable peace."
Accordini^ly he kei)t the field, tlctermined to strike as many
blows as possible against the foe he hated all through life, and
scorning the term- of treal\- sent from the I'^nglish court —
terms which he said must have been dictated by the I^'rench
ambassador.

Thus, at a moment when liotestantism seemed likely to be
strangled and the glorious light of the Reformation to be
e.xtinguishetl, William pro\ed, in the hand of Providence, tlie
mighty instrument, which, fn)m that hour, swayed the political
and religious di^stinies not only of llolland but of Europe at
large, ami l)y his victorious cai'eer in council and in conflict
curbed aiKl limited the power of Louis the Grand.

On the field of Seneff, in 1674, William, Prince of Orange,
with 40,000 confederate troi)ps, encountered the veteran Prince
of Conde. one of the bra\est soldiers and greatest generals of
the age, at the head of 50,000 men. Hoth armies fought with
a desperation aiul obstinacy seidoin [paralleled in the amials
of war, the soldiers emulating each other in acts of heroism
and deeds of daiiiig, while on the fieltl lay 15,000 of their
dead and d\-ing comrades. The battle ragetl till da\' de[)arted,
and on into the night. Jiy the light of the moon William
could be seen in the thickest of the fight, encouraginu", bv his
word and example the gcdlant fellows under his command.
An eye-witness, writing from the field, said the PMnce of
Orange showetl "the ct)ur>ige of a (,";esar and the undaunted
braver}' of a Marius." K\cu Conde declared that Wdliam
had conducted himself like an e.\nerienced general, "only in
\entin-ing too much like a \'oung man." It was one of
William's greatest battles, and ii was C'onde's last, for that
gallant old soldier of h^-ance woukl never meet him in hostile
charge again.

The year after the famous battle of Seneff, William was

id Swedes
-ir powers
Vom these
lie in the
c peace."
as matiy
h life, and
1 court —
ic Frencii

cely to be
:^n to be
ence, the
' poh'tical
Europe at
1 conflict

Orange,
m Prince
neruls of
ght witli
e annals
heroism
of their
cparted,
WiUiani
r, by his
mniand.
■ince of
:1 aim ted
^Villiam
only in
one of
or that
hostile

im was

smitten down by small-pox, the hereditary cnemv of his
family. When the attack came on, .several princes ami rcn'al
amba.ssadors were assc-mbled at the Ha-ue to make arrange-
ments for the next campai-n ; but while his illness lasted
cverythm- .seemed in suspense, and that x-oun- man of
twenty-five prov-ed to be the mainsprin- that set "in motion
all the wheels of that -reat Co.ifederacy which his oenius had
called into existence.

At the close of the campaio,, of 167;, William a-ain visited
hni-land—not to negotiate a peace, init to seek a wife. The
son of Mars, unscathed in battle, had been wounded b)- the
bright e)-es and winning manners of his cousin, the Princess
Mary ; and he had come to ]<:ngland to urge the King, and
James, her father, to consent to their marriage. " ^■es7' said
they, " if you come to our terms of peace." J^ut nuich as he
loved his Mary, he loved his honor more, for he nobl\- replied
u'lth an emphatic " No! I will never .sell my honor fo,' a wife."
In the end. however, the brothers yielded, chiefly throu<di the
influence of the Karl of Danby and Sir William Temple, who
hoped thus to raise their owu popularity with the nation with
whom the Prince of Orange was a great favorite. Hut the
union was only an act of king-craft, as far as Charles and
James were concerned, arising from no other motive than
their own gain. Not so, however, with the Princess Alarj- •
she loved trul)' and devotedly with all of a \u)mairs heart ■
and where could she have found one more worthv of her love'
than the noble, brave, and generous W^illiam. 'on the 4th
November, 16;;, William's twenty-.seventh birthda\- the imp
tials were privately celebrated betueen him and h'is beloved
Alary ; and in a few days the nn-al pair set out for the Ha-ue
where they were received with ever)- deiuonstration of To-c'
and loyalty by the Dutch people. The Protestants of l.ngland
and Holland were highly delighted with the match, but Louis
the French King, was greatly enraged. His ardor, however'
was soon cooled by the victory of Alons ; where William
gamed a decisive victory over the Duke of Luxcmboum- and

on the same Jay was si<Tned the treaty of Ximcgueii ; and for
a time the bellii^ercnts were at rest.

Cliarles II. was a man to be thanked only for what lie did
not do ; and scareely for that either. It was not want of ivill,
but want o{ courage, that prevented him beinLj one of the most
brutal tyrants that ever swayed a sceptre. He was the .scoff
of England and the sneer of Europe. lie systematically
duped his peojile to fcetl his pride, anel betrayetl his soul to
save his sceptre. He deceived lCiiL;iand for Rome; deceived
Holland for I'^ance ; and deceivei! I"'rance, Holland, England
and Rome all for hiuisclf. lie was a mean tyrant, a shame-
less libertine, a consmnmate hypocrite, and a bitter persecutor
of the Covenanters, who had been chietlv instrumental in his
restoration to the throne. At length, in h'ebruary, i6<S5, the
mean ami merry profligate died, cleaving in his last hours to
the creed of Rome. ra|)ists seem proud of their royal pervert;
we willingly accord them the prize, and give them full credit
for the Jesuit jugglery which stole in Father Huddleston by a
back-door, at the wink of James of York, to anoint the royal
wretch ere he departed. If ever Extreme Unction conferred
a benefit on any mortal, Charles II. needetl a double do.se.

His demise was little regretted. He so burdened this world
while in it, that it could scarcely be expected he would benefit
the ne.xt. The nation, out of compliment, put on mourning" ;
but there were no real mourners, save his mistresses. The
only cause for mourning was that his death made way for a
more obno.xious specimen of the corrupt race of Stuart.

The hypocrisy, selfishness, wickedness and t\'ranny of the
whole family waited for full development in the person of
James II. All the qualities that make men and monarchs
most hated had a place in his nature. His want of piety and
principle, his bigotry, pride, corruption, meanness and despot-
ism, made his best frientls fear, and gave handle to his foes.
Many a gallant soldier and many a bloody villain crosed the
border, but never did one pair of legs carry so little of the
soldier and so much of the \iliain as when James came to the
south.

of the
sun of
narchs
ty and
Jc-spot-
is foes,
cd the
of the
to the

In spite of law made to keep him from the crown, a Papist
mounted the British throne. The heart of real luiji^land
burned with shame, and told its indignation in unmistakable
expressions of dissent

On the 17th October, 16S5, Louis XIV. signed the " AV tv-
catioii " of the celebrated " Edict of Nantes," preparatory to a
wholesale persecution of Protestants. The cruelties that fol-
lowed cannot be named or numbered. The recording angel
only can tell the atrocities pcr[)etrated upon the Huguenots
of France in the sacred name of religion. Persecutions of the
most exquisite cruelt\' were inflicted upon these unhappy
people. Their lands were confiscated, they were sent to the
galleys, the scaffold, and the gibbet. The rack, the torture,
the funeral pile, were freely emploj-ed for the extermination
of these unfortunate " heretics." " Die or be Catholics " was
the universal cry throughout the vast empire of P^-ance. In
consequence, half a million of her best citizens abandoned
their country for the sake of their faith ; of whom more than
50,000 found a home in the British Isles, where they after-
wards proved the most inveterate enemy of the French King.

James, like his unprincipled brother Charies, soon called
upon Louis for counsel and for cash ; promising to consult
him on all occasions, and in every possible way to further his
interests.

As soon as the nation became aware of his meanness, the
blood of Englishmen boiled at the insult, and plainly declared
they would not live under the shadow of the I'rench throne.
Nine-tenths of them were Protestants ; they remembered the
Gunpowder Plot ; they had heard of the " Revocation of the
ICdict of Nantes " ; they believed that Rome kept no faith
with " heretics " ; they saw the cause for which their fathers
bled about to be sacrificed to Rome ; and, in sterling British
style, re.solved that it should not be.

Preparing for a wholesale massacre of the Protestants,
Jeffries was made Chief Justice. Had all the prodigies of
crime been forwarded from all the dens and dungeons of the
land to compete for the great seal by their attainments in

villaii}'. th(j infamous bully of the Old Bailey must have
proved, on impartial examination, the successful candidate.
The fire of indiLjnation kindled by this vile appointment
indicated most plainly a coming revolution.

The spirit of the nation was shown in the bands that
followed Monmouth and Argyle ; grandly brave thej- were,
though sadly small ; their blow was. bold, but premature ; it
was like the flash that precedes the terrible roll of thunder, it
seemed as the nation throwing down a challenge to the
monarch, and pointing out a more serious meeting place.
Heedless, however, of its import, the infatuated king thought
only of gratifying his bloody instincts by a horrible vengeance.
l^y his command Jeffries, the monster of the bench, and Kirk,
his counterpart, set out to bind and butcher, hang and quarter
men, whose only fault was an effort, made too soon, to main-
tain what in calmer days is every Briton's pride — that " his
cot is his castle." The mangled and bleeding limbs scattered
around the towns and hamlets of that " Bloody Circuit,"
acted with talismanic power to kindle the fire of soul they
were intended to quench. The 320 murdered in that bloody
assize stirred up the deathless energy and hate of more than
320,000. The British Lion was roused, and the fire of his
fierce glance fell upon the black and bloody throne as the
harbinger of its coming woe, while the vivid flashes of that
indignant eye seemed as letters of flame, forming the words,
" On to the Revolution ! "

As James could get money no other way, he was forced at
length to call a Parliament, but no sooner had they assembled
than they found that all the selfish Stuart wanted with them
was to fix his fees and revenues for life. " Treat me well,
gentlemen," said he " it is only thus you can treat me often."
The Royal blunderer, by this barefaced display of his pride
and meanness, became more prominently than ever the leader
to his own downfall.

By loudest promises that he would shield the English
Church, he received a revenue of more than two million
pounds sterling, but no sooner were his fingers on the money

than he secretly set himself to work the destruction of that
very system he had just pled.t;ed himself to maintain. He
set aside the Test Act ; drove from office those I'rotestant
nobles who refused to abjure their religion ; deprived cor-
porate towns of their charters ; filled all places of trust, both
civil and militar\', and even some offices in the church, with
Romanists ; and wrote a long letter to his daughter Mary, to
convert her to Romanism. The country was going from bad
to worse, Romanism was rampant everywhere. The court
was constantly crowded with monks, priests, and Jesuits, and
James boasted of having made London assume the appearance
of a Catholic city, — a sijlcndid appearance, you may be sure !

The Spanish minister, observing this, warned the king of
his danger from these designing ecclesiastics. " What ! "
cried James, " do you in Spain not advise with your con-
fessors ? " " Yes," replied the minister, " and that is the
reason things go so badly with us."

Is there not here a lesson for us at the present ? Have we
not a remarkable parallel in this country, when the Premier
of a British Province could have the audacity to tell the
members of the House of Commons at Quebec that they
must pass the Jesuits Estates' Act; and why^.? Because of
the ecclesiastical pains and penalties they were under should
they dare to refuse.

Here you see the hand of the Jesuit. History is repeating
itself Liberty is at stake ; for just as sure as these emissaries
of Rome were instrumental in driving James II. from the
throne of England, so will ihey work the ruin of this fair, free,
and prosperous Dominion, unless the loyal, liberty-loving
people of this country arise in their might and manhood, and,
like their illustrious forefathers, who " baffled crowned and
mitred tyranny," stay, at once and for ever, their aggressions
in this country.

But the infatuated James would take no warning. Even
when Pope Innocent XI. wrote him, saying that he was
" highly pleased with his Majesty's zeal for the Catholic
religion, but was afraid he might push it too far, and instead

!5!a5

of contrihutin;^' to his own [greatness, and the advancement of
the CathoUc Church, he mij^dit do it and himself the j^reatest
prejudice ;" yet James heeded lujt.

Some of his counsellors, too, be^an to see he was over-
driving his hobby, and cautioned him, after the manner of a
horse dealer, who said to his drunken jock'-y, " Keep steady,
Sam ! " The servant, who had sense enough ..o know the
state he was in, replied, " There's too much in for that." The
king had too much wilful blindness, and was too far gone
with his intoxicating zeal for Rome to keep stead)' now.
But there was too much spirit in the people to submit to his
drunken caprices. His daring despotism was fast driving
them to desperation. The British heart heaved, as for some
miglit)' blow, and the eyes of Britain turned eagerly to
another fingerpost pointing to the coming revolution.

The spirit of the learned was roused against the tyrant,
when they saw him put forth his sacrilegious hands to subvert
the universities from the service of the Reformed Church.
Terrible was the tide of feeling, and the voice of thunder that
rolled through the ancient halls of Oxford and Cambridge,
and from them round all the shires and shores of England,
speaking, in mightiest tones, danger to crowned and mitred
darkness when found interfering with the light. We would
blush to be descendants of the men who could have stood
idly by when they saw the hands of a Popish despot, crim-
soned with British blood, raised to close the national windows,
and seal the fountains of thought. The might and manhood
of the Reformed churches, in the name of Justice, Virtue,
Liberty, and God, gathered around the standard of Truth,
and blew the war trumpet, while " nearer, clearer, deadlier
than before," arose the grand refrain from British voices. On
to the Revolution !

To carry out his deep and deadly design the Church must
have a hand in its own downfall, and, accordingly, he sends
to the Bishops his unlawful and deceptive Declaration of
Indulgence, with orders that it should be read by the clergy
of their respective churches during" the hours of Divine service

on two successive Sundays. Universal attention was roused,
and poj)ular anxict)' was intense. Would the Bishops obey,
and thus sanction James' arrogant claims ? or would they
refuse, and thus fix upon theinselvcs the stiijma of intolerance
towards their dissentinij brethren ? Theirs was a difficult
position, but ere the crisis came the ifnited voices of the
Noncoiifc^rmists rose in one [jrand refusal of liberty from the
tyrant's hands ; and, in earnest, they appealed to the Bishops
to stand firm as s^uardians of the Constitution. Thus their
great difficulty is removed, and the seven immortal Bishops
resolve to obey conscience rather than the King. They write
a petition, begging James to excuse them from publishing an
unlawful declaration. Then these brave men come .nto his
presence with their petition, and find him in a fit of bad
temper at their daring to deny his dispensing power. In only
four out of 100 churches in London was the declaration read
on the first Sunday, and in these the people rose and left as
soon as the reading commenced. Samuel Wesley, father of
the great John and Charles Wesley, then a curate in London,
took for his te.xt that day the answer of the three Jews to
Nebuchadnezzar, the Chaldean tv'rant : " Be it known unto
thee, O King, that we will not serve thy gods, nor W(M-ship the
golden image which thou hast set up."

On the second Sunday the declaration was nowhere read,
except in the same places where it had been read on the pre-
vious occasion. The Bisho[)s were firm, the king was furious.
Familiar as an oft-told talc are the scenes that followed. The
Church and the Crown were at o[)en war. The sceptre and
the crozier clashed in deadly confiict ; neither prince nor
prelate would yield an inch, and soon the Popish part\- pushed
on their Royal tool, and the Bishops were committed to
the Tower.

Fast spread the news northward, southward, eastward, and
westward ; and oh ! how men's faces darkened, and their eyes
flashed at the tidings. Vengeance was written on every brow
and expressed in ten thousand varied utterances. Nor even
at the present are some of these utterances forgotten. Still

^^MH

in loyal old Cornwall may be heard the echoes of the
old refrain :

'• Ami shall Trelawney die, and shall Trelawney die,

Then thirty thousand Cornishmen shall know the leason why."

'Tis hard for us to calm our hearts when we think upon
these stirring and stormy times ; when seven such men could
be imprisoned by a Popish despot, whose being king at all
was but an insult to their Church and nation. But beneath
the gloom of that dismal hour there were high and hopeful
hearts, who, discovering in the distance the dawn of a glorious
da)-, could sing with the poet :

" The tyrant shall not ever sway,
Nor truth i)e rolled in sorrow,
Though slavery's shades are deep to-day
Freedom will shine to-morrow.

'• Our nation feels a mighty life,
And mighty deeds must follow.
We'll fling the cords that iiind to-day
In Freedom's flame to-morrow."

The mails were heavier now than usual, bringing to the
Bishops and their friends letters of fraternal greeting and
sympathy from the Prcsb)'terians of the north. It was a time
for union and brotherly assistance from all the Reformed
churches. Then our common Protestantism stood up, a proud
antl princely pile, with ramparts high and strong, preserving
truths and [privileges which, to a million hearts within, were
dearer far than life. The traitor King was at the cfate of the
fortress, making bold demands for admission. In his train
were human vultures from France and Rome, hungering to
make carrion of the sons of the Reformers. There were the
Jesuits, with the smile of Absalom in their face, and the
villanous and vengeful dagger red beneath their canonicals ;
while over all appeared the sword of Louis, dripping with
Huguenot blood. Then the sound and true of every Protestant
persuasion united, heart and hand, to guard their common
liberties, and like a wall of brass they stood, resolved to die
in defence of their faith and freedom.

of the

to the

At length the seven Bishops were brought to trial. They
were placed at the bar and charged with uttering a false,
malicious and seditious libel. The trial lasted a whole day,
and the judges were divided, two against two. The jury were
locked up all night to consider their verdict. Next morning the
Court was crowded with eager and anxious faces, and, despite
all the skill and schemes of the King and the mean men who
served him, the dauntless .seven were triumphantly acquitted.

Breathless silence reigned in that crowded court as the jury
returned with their verdict, but scarcely had the words " Not
Guilty " passed the foreman's lips, when thunders of applause,
such as never before had echoed in an English court, burst
from the excited throng. The nobles commenced it ; the
thunder-roll of joy swept over London ; was boomed from
the cannon on the bridges ; was caught up by the ships on the
river ; was borne by swift messengers to waiting yeomen in
the counties ; and, reaching the camp on Houuslow Heath,
was pealed forth afresh by the soldiers in the very presence of
the tyrant King. There was no mistaking this burst of feel-
ing — it indicated more plainly than before the approaching
Revolution.

The very night on which the Bishops were acquitted an
invitation, signed by both Whigs and Tories, was sent to
William, Prince of Orange, with an assurance that if he came to
save the country the great majority of the people would rally
round his banner. The news socm reached James, who, true
to his Jesuitical instinct, seemed ready to do almost anything
his subjects might desire. He would restore the fellows of
Magdalene College, advise with Protestant bishops, and force
no Papists into Parliament. So yielding did he become, that
ma\'bc he would throw away his mass-book and <jo to the
Protestant church. But James Stuart was too late with his
concessions. He offered to the revolutionary heart of Itngland
a good remedy, but not in time. Our fathers concluded that
he was giving to Fear what he refused to Justice, and they
scorned his tardy liberality.

That there was no cruth in the King's professions he soon

proved. A day had been fixed to set the Oxford Colleges
rifrht ; but intellicTcnce havinc^ reached Encfland that William's
fleet had been tossed and damaged on the shores of Holland,
so that there was no danger, for that winter at least, James
forwarded orders with all speed to Oxford, to stop at once the
course of justice. This exhibition of his chrracter was fatal
to his cause ; all eyes were upon him, and such perfidy at such a
crisis gave the death-blow to his falling power.

There is not on the page of history a greater triumph of
statesmanship overcomplicated difficulties than that displayed
by William in his expedition to England. Among those who
had been his confederates in his great coalition against
France, some were Protestants and some Roman Catholics,
and now to these different governments he presented his
enterprise in such different lights that he gained the aid, or,
at least, the countenance of them all. He called on the
Princes of Northern Germany to rally round him in defence
of the common cause of the Reformed churches. He set
before the Roman Catholic Emperor of Austria and the
Spanish Government the dangers with which they were
threatened from French ambition, and the necessity of
detaching England from I'rance and uniting her in the great
European confederacy. He truthfully disclaimed all bigotry.
The real enemy of liritish Roman Catholics, he said, was
James, who, when he might have easily obtained for them a
legal toleration, had trampled on all law, to raise them to an
odious ascendency.

.\t the same time Louis got into a (juarrcl with the Pope,
which turned the Papal powers against him, and thus covered
the expedition to England from their ire. William then
published a Declaration setting forth the assaults which James
had wantonly committed on the religion and liberties of the
luiglish people, as also the course he intended to pursue in
coming to their deliverance from tyranny and oppression.
The English people hearkened to the words of his Declaration
and now turned their eyes eagerly eastward, watching for the
arrival of William and his gallant fleet.

Colleges
William's

Holland,
3t, James

once the
was fatal

at such a

iumph of
displayed
hose who
I airainst
"atholics,
nted his
le aid, or,
1 on the
1 defence

He set

and the

e)' were

ssity of

le i^rcat

jigotry.
aid, was

them a
m to an

Pope,
co\'cred
m then
1 James

of the
irsue in
ircssion.
aration

for the

With the munitions of war, the sympath}' of nations, and
the veteran Duke Schomberg as his second in command,
William cast anchor in Tor Bay harbor, at noon on the 5th
November, 1688, while thousands were on their knees
returning thanks to God for the nation's deliverance from the
Gunpowder Plot.

William soon landed his little arm\' of 15,000 men, and
commenced his triumphal march to Exeter, where he was
received with the hearty expressions of love and welcome
from an oppressed people longing to be free. At Exeter he
entered the Cathedral, and there Burnet read his Declaration
to the people, and at the conclusion cried out in a loud voice,
"God save the Prince of Orange!" to which tb.c people
responded with a hearty " Amen I "

Soon a hundred men of mark and might, some of them with
small armies, joined the Prince. The Earl of Bath placed the
troops and fortress of Plymouth at his disposal, thus leaving
him no enemy in the rear. A " Xo Poper}-"' cr\' arose in the
north ; a statute of James, in Newcastle, was pulled down and
thrown into the Tyne. In York the Jacobite governor was
made prisoner and the city declared for William. The Prince
of Orange and a free parliament became the popular cr\-. The
first Orange Association in Britain was formed at Exeter,
composed of the friends of Truth and William, binding them-
selves to each other, their banner, their nation and their God.

Meanwhile, London was surging with excitement, and hear-
ing b)' every mail of troops deserting James and joining
William. The stormy crisis had come at last, and the tremb-
ling despot who had caused it shrank from it in terror, and, at
length, in disguise and disgrace, escaped from the land that
had rejected him and fled as an e.xile to France, while William
was invited to London to take the administration. All
England kept holiday : the joj'-bells sent forth their merry
peals, the shouts of a happy people rent the air, bright orange
colors found a place somewhere on the dress of almost every
Protestant, Orange assemblies met, and Orange processions
marched with Orange banners waving" in the air. Orange was

not tlieii a color to be despised — our fathers hailed it as the
color of the free, and under the same old and honored colors
we, their sons, may yet have to fight the battles of Civil and
Religious liberty.

In Februar}', 1689, the Revolution was consummated by
proclaiming William and Mary King and Queen of England.
The Commons drove in a body to Whitehall, and there read a
Declaration accusing James of a clique with evil counsellors to
extirpate the religion and liberties of the land ; of creating a
cruel court of High Commission to cramp, chain, and corrupt
the life of the Church ; of raising money without the consent
of parliament ; of levying an army to be the terror not the
guardians of the people ; of betraying the independence of
the nation ; of packing corrupt juries to carry on his own
murderous designs, and of persecuting even excellent Bishops
for exercising the right of petition.

Then followed a demand for regular parliaments, and the
maintenance of all the rights and liberties of British subjects.
This Declaration was, in a few months after, put into law as
the Bill of Rights, and to this day remains the solemn contract
between our Monarch and the people. May the tyrant's
fate be his who shall ever dare to blot a single line of the
solemn compact.

Rapidl)' and bloodlcssly was the Revolution accomplished
in England ; not so, however, in the other parts of the kingdom.
In Scotland, Graham of Claverhouse, now Viscount Dundee,
a monster in the form of humanity, still nobly upheld the
cause of James ; but General Mackay, meeting him in battle
at the Pass of Killicrankie, Claverhouse fell, pierced by a
bullet, and for the first time in a quarter of a century the
Covenanters of Scotland could breathe freely.

" It was not," says Dr. McCrie, "till the trumpets of the
Prince of Orange were heard, pealing the signal of the nation's
redemption, that the sword of persecution was sheathed. The
jailer heard it and reluctantly unbarred his dungeon ; the
dragoons of Claverhouse heard it when their victims were

d it as the
ored colors
r Civil and

nmated by
f England,
lere read a
insellors to
creating a
nd corrupt
he consent
or not the
;ndence of
n his own
:it Bishops

s, and the

h subjects.

ito law as

contract

tvrant's

le of the

)mplished

kingdom.

Dundee,

leld the

in battle

:ed by a

itury the

:ts of the
nation's
^d. The
on ; the
ms were

kneeling before them, with muffled faces, ready to receive the
fatal shot, and their fingers were withdrawn from the trigger.

Persecutors and persecuted were alike astonished at the sud-
der xss of the change, but tliey awoke to very different feelings.
T pet-secutor slunk away, rankling with disappointed rage,
while the Church of Scotland, after 28 years' oppression, rose
from the earth, unmufflcd and unmanacled, to hail the dawn
of a glorious Revolution."

In Ireland, too, matters were vastly different. Gross dark-
ness pervaded the soil and soul of that noble countrj-. Out-
rages of the deepest dye were of daily occurrence : rape,
mutilation and murder, when committed by Papists on
Protestants, went unpunished, and appeals for protection or
redress were unheeded by the constituted authorities. At the
same time, the Romanists, preparing for some mysterious
business, were unusually active. The priests, in saying masses
and making war speeches, the Papist peasantry in arming and
drilling, country forges in making pikes, and even old women
in whetting up old knives and skeans ; all were unusually and
mysteriously busy. It was not long, however, till the mystery
was solved. Early in December, 1688, Lord Mount Alexander
received a letter informing him that all Irishmen were sworn
to be ready on Sunday, the 9th of that month, to slay, with
one united antl sudden stroke, every Protestant, man, woman
and child, in the country. Ulster. e\cr in the fore-tVont of
Protestantism, had fearlessly declared for William, and thither
James despatched a powerful army to chastise his dislo}-al and
disobedient subjects in the north. Derry and Ermiskillen had
afforded shelter to the persecuted Protestants around, during
the massacre of 1641, and thither large numbers of the
surrounding peasantry fled for protection from the coming
storm. The dread of a repetition of the bloody scenes of '41
was general, and though Lord Tyrconnel, better known as
lying Dick Talbot, sent for the leading Protestants of Dublin
to convince them that the intended massacre was all a lie, and
though he cursed and swore and tore his wig and threw it into
the fire to prove it a lie, large numbers left the country in

open boats for England, trusting rather to the wind and waves
than to Iving Dick and the furv of the Irish rabble.

This was bad enough for Talbot ; but when he heard that
in Derry, Kenmare, Sligo, Bandon, and Enniskillen, the
Protestants were dctcrniincd to fight for their lives and
liberties, and that William was hailed as a Joshua in England,
his hat and wig paid for it with a vengeance.

That the Protestants had good grounds for alarm soon
proved true. On Sunday, the 1 6th of December, while at
church, the Enniskilleners were suddenly alarmed by the
intelligence that twcj companies, followed by a numerous
rabble of disorderly Irish, were advancing upon the town.
The Church was soon an emi)ty edifice. Every man seized
his firelock, and prepared to meet the foe. With 200 foot
and 1 50 horse, this gallant little band advanced to meet the
enemy ; lout no sooner were they seen coming in the distance
than the Popish army took to their heels, fled to Maguire's
Bridge, and next day pursued their retreat to Cavan.

James now determined to crush Enniskillen by force of
numbers ; and for this purpose ordered three armies to ad-
vance u[K;)n the town. Mis illegitimate son, the Duke of
Berwick, marched against it from the north ; Sarsfield from
Connaught ; and General Alacarthy from Munster. The
Enniskilleners, never wanting in pluck and prowess, surprised
Sarsfield's camp, threw his army into confusion, and put them
to the rout. The Duke of Berwick's fared somewhat better, but
General Macarthy's far worse. Macarthy's forces amounted
to 6,000 men ; the Enniskilleners were less than 2,000, and were
commanded by Col. Wolsele}'. The word, " No Popery," was
passed along the line of P^nniskilleners, who at once made a
furious attack on Macarthv's right. Two thousand of his
arm)- fell in the field ; 500 were chased into Lough Erne
and drowned ; the remainder were completely routed, and
Macarthy himself was brought a prisoner into Enniskillen.

With the other struggles that took place around Enniskillen
time forbids me to deal. Suffice it to say that no invading

/ind and waves
bblc.
he heard that
tiniskillen, the
leir lives and
ua in England,

Dr alarm soon
nber, while at
armed by the
' a numerous
pon the town.
My man seized
tVith 200 foot
;d to meet the
in the distance
. to Alagu ire's
'avan.

n by force of

armies to ad-

the Duke of

Sars field from

unster. The

'ess, surprised

and put them

lat better, but

ces amounted

,000, and were

Popery," was

once made a

3usand of his

Lough Erne

y routed, and

Inniskillen.

d Enniskillen

t no invading

army, however generalled or however strong, was ever able to
enter that ancient and loyal town.

In the meantime the little.city of Derry was a scene of wild
excitement. Within a space measuring 500 yards in its
longest and 300 yards in its broadest part, no less than 37,000
human beings sought protection from the old walls, which
still stand as a monument of unparalleled heroism.

On Eriday, the 7th of December, 1688, Lord Antrim, with
1,200 of his armed Redshanks, came to take possession of the
city for James. What was to be done ? The enemy was fast
approaching, and Lundy, their traitor governor, was en-
deavoring to betray them to the enemy. Bishop Hopkins,
too, whose favorite topic in the pulpit was passive obedience,
strongly urged the men of Derry to admit the enem\'. But,
well for Derry and well for Protestantism, there were truer
hearts behind her walls than either Lundy or Hopkins. Lord
Antrim's regiment had alreadv crossed the Eo\-le ; were
within sixty yards of the Maiden City's gates. The elder
citizens are engaged in serious council ; arc, in fact, on the
point of admitting the enemy : but a might)' impulse from
God thrills through the hearts of younger men ; and, animated
by an inspired resolve, thirteen Apprentice Boys, worth more
than 13,000 such men as Lundy or Hopkins, ran to the guard-
room, seized the arms and keys of the city, rushed to the
gates, and closed them, once and for ever, against the foe.

The Popish army paused in dismay, as the heavy gate
swung upon its hinges, and the massive key turned in the
bolts, forbidding their entrance, till from the walls of the
Maiden City the iron lips of " Roaring Mag " pealed forth upon
the enem)' Derry 's immortal " No surrender ! "

In the midst of this eager enthusiasm. Bishop Hopkins tried
by his elociuence to stop their manly resistance, advising them
to submit to the enemy as to an ordinance of God, when a
gallant youth met his cool reasoning with the common-sense
reply, " A very good sermon, my lord, a very good sermon ;
but we haven't time to hear it now."

Nor have we time now, my brethren, to listen to such

Ifl

sermons or speeches from men in the Church or men out of
it, who hold nothing so right as truce and trust with Rome ;
nothing so black as an Orange banner ; no being so base as a
real True lUuc ; and nothing so radically wrong as a genuine
1^-otestant No Surrender !

With the Rev. George Walker, rector of Donoughmore, as
their Governor, 7,000 fighting men now stood behind the walls
of Derry, but the sun never shone on braver or better men.
They were all Protestants of the real stamp. There were
none like Lundy or Hopkins amongst them. There ladies
and gentlemen of every rank and class, ministers and laymen.
Episcopalians and Presbyterians, stood together, setting an
example to the people of every age and every nation of the
utilitx- and advantage of brotherly union among all classes of
Protestants — such a union as the Orange Society presents
to-day.

Lundy, disguised as a porter, sneaked out of the city to
save his neck. Bishop Hopkins, too, left without being much
regretted ; while ten ministers of the English Church and
eight Presbyterians remained with the men of Derry during
the siege, preaching, praying, and encouraging the people in
their gallant resistance. The old Cathedral was then a centre
of interest. It had its watchmen on its towers, and ammuni-
tion stored under it. The Episcopal service was held in it
every morning, and the meeting of Dissenters every evening ;
and I never heard it remarked that the sanctity of the place
suffered anything from the service.

On the 19th of April a trumpeter came from the besieging
arm\' to know if the city would surrender. The answer he
got was, " The men who guard these walls will resist to the
last." Next day Lord Strabane came with a flag of truce,
and in the King's name offered Murray, who went out to meet
him,;^i,ooo in hand, a regiment under James, and a pardon to
all the men in the city. Murray replied, " The men of Derry
have done nothing that requires pardon, and own no Sovereign
but William and Mary."

On the 6th of May the men of Derry made a desperate

.".1

men out of
I'ith Rome ;
io base as a

s a f,renuinc

ghmore, as
id the walls
better men.
rhere were
here ladies
nd laymen,
setting an
tion of the
1 classes of
ty presents

the city to
jeing much
!hurch and
^rry during
t people in
en a centre

ammuni-
held in it

evening ;

the place

besieging

nswer he
si St to the

of truce,
It to meet
pardon to

of Derry
Sovereign

desperate

dash against the Irish lines, cut down the second officer in
command, with many others, as they had cut down General
Maumont and 200 men a short time before, and captured the
colors of the enemy, while their glad companions greelcd them
with ringing cheers from the walls of the Maiden Cit\-.

Man)* of the Irish having resolved on a final effort against
the cit\' before changing the siege into a blockade, joined in
an oath to enter the works or die. The spirit and strength
they brought that day against Windmill Hill would have cut
through any troops in the world, save the stern yeomanry of
Ulster, who stood and struggled for their homes, their lives,
and liberty. These heroes beat the enemy back, and tramp-
ling 4,000 of their dead bodies in the trenches, cleared the
outworks of the last man that was able to run. It was a
dreadful dance of death to Derry's war tune, " No surrender !"

At this time the Popish army at Derry was commanded by
Marshal De Rosen, one of the most brutal generals that ever
disgraced the name of a soldier — a human monster, notorious
for his butcheries of the Protestants of France, after the
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Baffled in all his
efforts to capture the city, whether by bribery or bravery, he
resolved on a most inhuman and barbarous expedient to
accomplish his purpose. He ordered his soldiers to scour the
surrounding counties, to burn and pillage the homesteads of
the Protestants, to collect old and young, helpless and infirm,
of every age and sex, and drive them under the walls of Derry,
hoping that they would be taken into the city, and thus con-
sume the provisions that remained, and thereby oblige its
gallant defenders, through sheer starvation, to surrender. But
when the wretched creatures he had collected were driven
under the walls at the point of the bayonet, instead of asking
shelter from the inclemency of the weather, or food to sustain
sinking nature, those noble women, with uplifted hands, and
by a thousand voices, implored their lovers, their husbands
and brothers on the walls not to open their gates, and never
to surrender ; preferring death at the hands of the enemy,
rather than the sacrifice of the sacred cause for which they

sat

were nobly contending. B\' their self-sacrificing bravery Do
Rosen was again baffled and confounded ; for the Dcrrymcn,
having several prisoners, some of them of rank, erected a
scaffold upon the walls in sight of the enemy, and said to De
Rosen, " Let these innocent ones go home at once, or send in
a priest to hear the confessions of the prisoners, for we will
hang them all immediately," The plan succeeded : De Rosen
was forced to yield, and Derry was saved. Well has the poet
said : —

" Ah, sure a heart of stone would melt

The scenes once liere to see,
And witness all our fathers felt

To make their country free ;
They saw the lovely matron's cheek

With want and terror pale ;
They heard the child's expiring shriek

Float on the passing gale :
Yet here ihey stootl in tield and blood,

While battle raged around ;
Resolved to liie, till victory

Their crimson banner crowned."

But while these gallant men were contending against an
inveterate and blood-thirsty enemy without the walls, that
more dreadful enemy, famine, was raging within. Major-
General Kirk, who was neither manly nor martial, brave nor
British, loyal nor true, was, by some sad blundering, sent in
charge of the relieving fleet. Derry was now encircled by the
forts of the enemy ; and a boom, composed of logs and chains,
was stretched across the river Foj'le to prevent relief from
sea. At length, on the 15th of June, thirty sail of the line
entered the estuary of the Foyle, and a man dived beneath
the boom with the message to Derry, " Relief is at hand."
Weeks of painful anxiet)' followed that moment of joy.
Famine wore and wasted their little garrison ; graves were
hourly growing thicker and thicker, and homes more thin and
lonely, while the tantalizing ships sent to save them lay under
their sinking eyes. Who can tell the heroic endurance of that
little garrison ; of the famine that, more than the shot and
shell of the enemy, devastated their ranks ; of wife and chil-

■M

■at

■;■»

Lvcry De
crrymeii,
rccted a
id to De
r send in
r we will
)c Rosen
the poet

gainst an

alls, that

Major-

■ --i

>ravc nor

■ -• r

■, sent in

:d by the

d chains,

■■>'

icf from

: ^:

the line

beneath

t hand."

V'.

-1

of joy.

^es were

thin and

;iy under

e of that

hot and

md chil-

dren of the citizen soldier, as they pined away and perished,
his heart wruni^ at the hapless sight. Himself reduced to a
spectre, almost unable to lift the sword in self-defence, yet his
heart supplied the stimulus demanded by the occasion, and
still he cried " No surrender ! "

So it was until vile carrion and disgusting vermin, loathed
in times of plenty, became lu.xuries to famishing men ; until
even cats, dogs, horseflesh, rats antl mice were sold at high
prices as choicest dainties ; yet such was the indomitable
spirit that reigned in the Maiden City, that the " \o surrender"
cry was raised even when the bodies of the dead ap])eared the
only sustenance available. Such were the men raised up by
God as a barrier to arbitrary power and Popish tyranny, to
.secure, at the price of blood, the richest blessings to Britain
and the world. Gaunt famine stalked adown their streets ;
hideous pestilence followed in its wake ; but still the gallant
men, unconquerable by the arms of James, cried " No sur-
render ! "

It seemed, for a time, that the city would be depoi)ulatcd, —
that famine and pestilence would deprive it of defenders. A
few beasts, reduced to skeletons for want of food, were the
only provisions that remained — poor obstructions to starva-
tion and death ; but the unconquerable resolve of Derry's
brave defenders found expression in the terrible words, " The
prisoners first, each other next, but ' No surrender ! ' "

For six weeks the garrison is tantalized with hopes of
succour, and that succour sometimes in sight. Hope deferred
had many a time sickened faithful hearts, but enfeebled not
the valor determined not to yield. From the tower of the old
Cathedral could sometimes be seen the ships, sent to save
them, reposing quietly on the waters of the Foyle, while men
were dying of hunger and starvation behind the walls of
Derry,

At length, when the city was reduced to the last extremity,
Kirke received orders from William that he must save the
city. The Dartmouth frigate is commanded by a true type
of the British seaman. Captain Lake runs up the ensign of

St. Gcor.Ljc, the sails are spread, the fri^Mtc tjathcrs way, and,
as if conscious of the interests at stake, j^oes j)roudly (or tlie
l?o(jni. L'nder cover of her ;4uns tlie Mountjoy and IMuL-nix

tollow.

e tiarrison

beh

oius

e atlvancmi; slii])s.

I'Lver

>■

heart palpitates with a[)prehe!ision, for life ant! liberty to their
little [garrison are tremblin;;- in the )-et uncertain balance.
The batteries of the enemy open fire upon the advancins^

ships.

The frisjatc entrat'es the batteries on shore. Then

Captain Maciah BrowniiiL^, in aid of birthplace and home,
drove the Mountjoy against the Boom, which cracked and

tlie shock

the shi

The

enem)-

raise an exultant ciieer, and prepare to b(jard her, but the Boom
is broken, and the fragments are borne away by the rising
tide. The Captain orders his men to give the boarders a
broadside. Boom I go the guns. The gallant vessel quivers
from stem to stern, springs from the sand-bank, and floats
once more into the stream ; but the dauntless Browning falls
(jn the deck, pierced by a bullet, in the moment of victor}'.
Meanwhile, Captain Andrew Douglas turned the Phtenix to
the breach ; and the gallant shijis, under cover of the frigate,
hold bravely on to Derry.

The crisis now is over ; the peril is conquered ; the ringing
cheers of the citizens, responded to by the crews of the
approaching ships, proclaim that Derry is relieved — that
Divine Providence has stretched his sheltering wing over a
holy cause, and crowned fidelity to a sacred trust with the
garland of victniy.

This soul-stirrii.g .,cene has been beautifully and touchingly
described by the poet in the following lines : —

TIIK BREAKING OF THE IJOOM.

Tlieie hursts a sound of jjhuliiess from the " Maiden City's " walls,
On lieuts bowed down with sadness the joyous echo falls ;
It tells them that assistance, even now, is on the way,
For " yonder, in the distance, the ships are in the bay."

What shouts of exultation rise from that multitude !
Though dyin;^ from starvation, they lonjj had nobly stood ;
Their homes, their faith defending, the soil on which they trod,
They'd save, or die contending for their altars and their God.

:^y

way, aiul,
!)• for the

1 IMkjL'IUX

s. l'2vcry
:y to their
balance.
idvaiicin<^
•e. Then
lid home,
eked and
he enemy
the Boom
the risin<^
oarders a
el quivers
md floats
nincj falls
)f victory,
[hcenix to
frigate,

ringing

of the

•ed — that

g over a

with the

uchingly

'I'hey liinl liLMid tlicii' cliililrcii ciyiiij;, in pilcDii.-, luiics, for breail,
'I'liey luail seen those lovM ones lyiny witli llie cold anil silent dead ;
Stones niifjht have wept in pity, at those sights and sounds ')f woe.
Yet Mill the " Maiden City " tlunp defiance at the foe.

United to defend her weie iicarU lliat knew not fear —
Hearts scorning to surrender tlie rij;ht> they held so clear—
To heaven their cause commending, a noble stand they made,
And now kind heaven is sending the long-e.\pected aid.

Now to the ramparts llying the excited people tlucjng,
The leelile and the dying Ijy friends are borne along ;
With shouts of wild emotion the echoing walls resound,
As o'er the swelling ocean three gallant vessels bound.

But hark ! what »ouiul is stealing that seeni,-> a knell of doom,
In tones of anguished feeling are gasped the words " the boom ; "
'Midst the Inst gush of gladness loigntteii it had been.
But now a veil ol satlness falls o'er the joyous scene.

Still on the ships are speeding, across the dashing wave.
The gallant Browning leading, to victory or the grave ;
lie cannot be a stranger to the snares the foe have laid.
Oh, no ! he braves the danger and trusts in heaven for aid.

Fl,V TO THE OLD CllUKCIl ToWER, UNl^'KL YOUR U.\N.\KR THERE,

And, in this thrilling hour, pour forth your hearts in prayer ;
Soon is the beacon blazing ; its light spreads far ami wide.

And l-EElil.E llAND^i ARE KAISl.NG THE liAN.NER l)I" THEU^ I'RIDE.

What tides of mingled feeling in every breast contend,

As on the r.'vmparts kneeling, to heaven their jirayers ascend ;

Yes, still on God relying, they trust to Him their fate,

As when, their foes defying, they closed their fortress gate.

Though wildest desolation had swe]H their hearts since then.
Unmoved determination still fills tlio.-e dauntless men ;
Nor let the memory perish, that women, too, were there.
Who, in the cause they cherish, would countless evils dare.

Yes ! 'midst the cannon's rattle, women had nobly stood.
Undaunted in the battle they freely shed their blood ;
And what was far more trying than the hour of conflict dread —
They had seen their children dying through want of daily bread.

They had watched those loved ones languish, those whom they'd die to save.
With all of mother's anguish, they h.\d wept o'er many a grave ;
Yet patient, and unshrinking, they struggled on with woe,
Not for one moment thinking of yielding to the foe.

The evening light is waning, the western radiance dies,
While eagerly are straining weary and tear-dimmed eyes ;
Hark ! to the cannon pealing from yonder hostile shore,
Each vivid flash revealing the vessels near Culmore.

Praise be to God for ever, onward unharmeil they come ;
But now I oh now, or never ! they're.close ujjon the boom :
Half-hoping, half-despairing, the watchers gasp for breath —
Now for one deed of daring, for victory or death.

One gaze — no word is spoken — then one heart-rending groan —
The boom — the l)oom is broken, but helpless as a stone
From that tierce shock reboundir the Mountjoy stranded lies,
While from the shores surrounding, wild shouts of triumph rise.

On deck the Captain's standing — he lifts his heart in prayer,
Then, in a voice commanding, he bids his men prepare :
.Soon are the cannon pealing, the curling smoke mounts high.
The vessels quite concealing from many an eager eye.

One moment — oh, how thrilling — then loud tremendous cheers.
The wind her canvas fdling, the Mountjoy re-appears ;
" That broadside," Walker shouted, "decides our fate to-day,
" Hurrah, our foes are routed, Derry and victory."

Strange sounds are wildly swelling upon the evening air,
Of he.irt-felt rapture telling, mingle with praise and prayer ;
Their gates now open flinging, no more of foes afraid,
With joyous peals are ringing to hail the coming aid.

Undaunted Deny ! never shall thy remembrance die,
Thy name shall live for ever, enshrined in memory ;
Through all succeeding ages thy heroes'' names shall stand,
Enrolled in history's pages, the honours of our land.

Derry 's tale of woe was ended. The hollow cheeks of her
brave defenders wet with tears of gladness and of joy ; the
old cathedral bells rang out their merry peals ; and, with joy
such as is seldom e.xperienced on this side heaven, the gallant
defenders of the Maiden City embraced the men who saved
them on the quay at ten o'clock.

On the following morning was seen tlie rear-guard of the
enemy vanishing in the distance, raising a siege that had
lasted 237 days, and leaving to Derry the heritage of an
immortal renown.

Time and language would fail me to speak as I would like
of the many worthies conspicuous in council and in conflict;

<.s of her
joy ; the
with joy
e gallant
ho saved

:d of the
;hat had
je of an

3uld like
conflict;

of Walker and Gordon ; of Baker, Mitchellburne and Murray;
of Browning, Douglas and Lake, and many others of that
noble band who, around th^ walls of Derry, set an example
of undaunted heroism seldom paralleled in the history of any
nation.

When I stood upon these venerable w^alls some years ago,
contemplating the scene, and when I looked at Walker's
monument, Roaring Mag at its base, and surveyed the old
Cathedral and its quiet little graveyard, where repose the
remains of the mighty dead, I could not help asking myself:
" Is the present generation equal to the past ? Are we as true
to principle as were our forefathers 200 years ago ? "

Had the men of Derry been less resolute ; had the}- acted
on the advice of Lundy or Hopkins and admitted the enemy,
matters might have been vastly different with us to-day.
James might have easily crossed over into Scotland, and,
joining his forces with those of Claverhouse, might have
marched upon England and recovered the throne. But no ;
thirteen Apprentice Boys had closed the Maiden City's gates,
defied their cowardly King, and sealed the fate of the nation.
Well has the poet said —

" Old Deny's walls weiv firm and strong,

Well fenced on every qu.arter,
Each frowning bastion grim along

With culverin and mortar ;
But Derry had a surer guard

Than all that art could lend her :
Her 'Prentice Boys the ga*>^s had barred,

And sung out ' Av Suij\H(fer !^ "

On the very day that Derry v > _lieved the veteran Duke
oi Schomberg sailed from England with 10,000 men to sup-
port the Protestants m Ireland. This gallant oUl general had
suffered everything short of martx'rdom for the Truth. He
had resigned a splendid income ; had laid down the truncheon
of a Marshal of Eranrc. He li id seen the suns of fourscore
sumui^ IS, and th^ sioim.''. of -i- many battle-fields ; and now,
at 82 years of age, ' e is sent to command the troops in
Ireland. He laiid?.i his fjrccs at Bangor, in the County of

Down, 10 miles from Belfast, marched round to Carrickfergus,
battered its walls, and obliged the Irish to capitulate. From
Carrickfergus he proceeded to Loughbrickland, where he was
joined by the Enniskillen men, who had just gained the victory
of Newtownbutler. Leaving the town of Newry in flames,
Carlingford in ruins, and the whole country one '. lid scene of
devastation, the Irish fled before the Duke till, meeting James
from the south, they took up position at Drogheda, on the
banks of the river Boyne.

The Protestant army being mostly inexperienced recruits,
and the enemy securel}' posted, the Duke thought it best not
to force a fight, and cowardice kept James qi^i *

The wet and cold of the winter camp caused .iUch sickness
and suffering among the Protestant army, but tl\c monotony
of the tiine was relieved by a bright incident of chivalry, when
i,000 Enniskillen men, under Lloyd, gained a victory over
5,000 foemen, killing 700 of the enemy and capturing O'Kell}',
their commander.

xAs the following summer advanced, the fate of i reland
was daily expected to be decided by a pitched battle, but it
remained for our good aiKl great King William to strike the
fatal blow.

On the 14th June, 1690, William landed at Carrickfergus.—
When I stood on that rock, still called the " King," where he
first touched the shores of Ireland, I felt an inspiration ^ \<e
Moses at Iloreb, as if a voice had said to me, " Cast off the
shoe from thy foot, for the place whereon thou standest is
holy ground." — That he "did not come to let the grass grow
under his feet " he proved by the ra[)idity of his movements,
for no sooner had he landed than he mounted his horse and
rode off to Belfast. .\ royal salute from the old castle of that
ever-loyal town bade him welcome. The Magistrates and
Aldermen, dressed in their robes of office, met him at the
north gate : while eager multitudes pressed around him,
earnestly shouting "God bless the Prince of Orange!" "God
save the Protestant King !"

That night all the Protestant counties were up and awake.

ickfergus,
e. From
re he was
le victory
n flames,
1 scene of
ng James
a, on the

recruits,
: best not

sickness

lonotony

hy, when

cry over

O'Kelly,

re land
Ic, but it
triko the

'cri^us.—
icrc he
on ' !^■e

off tiie

idest is

ss i^row

cments,

jrsc and

of that '
tcs and

at the
d him,
' "G.>d

awake.

The signal salute that bade William welcome was echoed
from post to post, announcing His Majesty's arrival. Bonfires
blazed on the mountains of Antrim and Down ; the blaze
was seen across Carlingford Bay, and gave notice to the
outposts of the enemy that the decisive hour was at hand.

William and James now set to work, in hard earnest, to
muster their forces for the fatal onset at the Boyne. William
chose Loughbrickland, a little village three miles from Ban-
bridge on the leading road between Belfast and Dublin, as the
place of rendezvous for the scattered divisions of his army.

At the head of 36,000 men, William advanced southwards
from Loughbrickland, the enemy everywhere giving way
before him, till on Monday, the 30th of June, 1690, his army,
marching in three columns, reached the summit of a rising
ground overlooking" the beautiful valley of the Boyne. Here
his keen eye first caught sight of the enemy encamped on the
south side of the Boyne, the flags of Stuart and Bourbon
waving defiantly on the towers of Droghcda. The first
expression that broke from his lips on seeing the enemy was:
" I'm glad to see you, gentlemen ; if }-ou escape me now the
fault will be mine." There was a force and a meaning with
that expression that meant business.

With some of his best officers he reconnoitred the position
of the enemy, and then sat tlown for breakfast. " They may
be stronger than the)- look," said William, " but, weak or
strong, I'll soon know all about them." Having fmished
breakfast, as he was remounting his horse, a field-piece was
discharged at him from the opposite hank of the river, slightly
wounding him in the right shoulder. The joyous cry,
" The Orange King is slain," rang through the Irish camp and
into Dublin. At dead of night the news reached Paris. The
police knocked up the pco[)le ; in a short time the whole city
was one wide scene of illumination. Drums were rolling,
bells ringing, trumpets blowing, cannon thundering and wine
flowing. The rejoicing was unbounded. An Orange King
was made of straw and dragged through the streets of Paris,
followed by an ugly figure of the Devil, who was made to say:

■ ■«WI M«'.ti1il

" I have been two years waiting for you, and I have you now."
But William cheated both James and the Devil on that
memorable occasion, for he was 19 hours in the saddle while
they w-ere rejoicing over his death in Paris. A cannonade
was kept up during most of the day, and in the evening
William expressed himself well pleased with the result.
" All right," said he, " our men stand fire well."

That night he inspected his forces by torchlight, and, con-
trary to the wishes of Schomberg, gave orders for his men to
be ready to "oss the Boyne ne::t morning. A green bough
in their hatr 'le sign, and " Westminstr,- " was the pass-

word of the dc./. vhich when joined together aptly signified
" Victory or death ! "

On that ever memorable July morning two powerful
armies, nearly equal in numbers, and embittered by all the
animosity and rancour of religious antagonism, stood face to
face, dogged and determined foes, on opposite sides of the
historic Boyne, awaiting the signal to engage in deadly con-
flict. On the south side of the river the Irish arm)', in two strong
lines, occupied an important and almost impregnable j^osition.

On their right was the ancient town of Drogheda, still loyal
to James. On their left was a broad and deep morass, pre-
senting almost insuperable difficulties to troops advancing to
the attack. In front flowed the stately Boyne, fordable in
only a few places. Behind it ran breastworks and hedges,
strongly lined with infantry ; while a few miles to the rear
lay the Pass of Duleek, affording excellent means of retreat,
in case of defeat. On the hill of Donore, at a safe distance
from the scene of action, or the post of danger, leaving his
army to the command of generals, braver and better than
him.self, stood James II., having, in the meantime, despatched
Sir Patrick Trant to Waterford, to secure a ship for the safe
and speedy escape of Mis Majest)-, in case of defeat. Indeed,
he seems to have calculated accurately on the result of the
battle before it began, and had wiscl}- provided for the occa-
sion, by sending his baggage off to Dublin, whither he himself
had soon to follow it.

On the northern bank of the Bojme, at the head of his
Protestant army, 36,000 strong, rode Wilh'am, Prince of
Orange, encouraging by his presence, his counsel, and example,
the brave men over whom waved the banner of civil and
religious liberty.

The right wing was commanded by Meinhardt Schomberg
and General Douglas. The centre, composed mostly of foot,
was drawn up opposite the fords near Oldbridge, commanded
by the veteran Duke of Schomberg, then in the <S2nd year of
his age. The left wing, consisting of the Danish, Dutch, and
Enniskillen horse, led on by King William him.self, prepared
to cross the Boyne near Drogheda.

At break of day the drums beat to arms, the word was
passed, and Meinhardt Schomberg and General Douglas led
the right wing across Slane liridge, and, after a brisk fight
with O'Neill's Dragoons, and the Infantry lining the hedges,
turned the left wing of the Irish army.

When the moment came for the centre to move, the old
Duke gave the word " Advance ! " and Solmes' Blues, ten
abreast, marched into the water, with drums beating the
"Protestant Boys." Next plunged in the men of Deny, and
then the heroes of Enniskillen, to their left the Huguenots,
and then the English, while further down the stream the
Danes passed over, and in a few minutes the Boyne, for a
quarter of a mile, was a moving mass of men, muskets, and
green boughs.

As they were thus dashing through the water, up to the
armpits, carrying their muskets above their heads to keep
their powder dry, they were exposed to a close and heavy fire
of musketry from the Irish battalions, which Hamilton had
placed behind their defences. Then, at a word, whole regi-
ments of the hidden encm\' sprang into sight, and a loud
defiant cheer arose and rang along the southern shore, but our
forefathers, made of stuff that never quailed at the cry of an
enemj-, rushed on with desperate determination, gained the
bank, rapidly formed, and drove the enemy's infantry from
their defences on the south side of the Bovne. The Dutch

Guards Blue then advanced into the open field, and were
furiouslx' set upon by the Irish horse, but the brave old
Dutchmen stood close and firm, and, as other regiments came
up to their assistance, compelled the Irish to retire.

At another point the Irish Ca\alry, under Hamilton, rushed
upon the Danes and drove them back into the river ; then,
charging the ranks of the Huguenots, the}- cut down the
gallant Caillemont, their commander, who, as he was being
carried back to die, continued cheering on his men with " On !
my lads, to glor\' ; my lads to glor\' ! " Schomberg, seeing
the Huguenots without a commander, dashed into the river,
rallied them once more fur the onset, and, pointing to the
French \v ..e Irish armw exclaimed: "On! gentlemen;
there are youi' persecutors." These were the last words of
the vcLerai' hero ^ *" "he Rhine ; he had scarcel}' uttered them
when he fell to rise no more, and at the same terrible time
fell the Rev. George Walker, the gallant go\-crnor of Derry,
heading on his brave 'Prentice Hoys.

While all in the centre was one scene of tlu>t, din, and
smoke, the clash of arms ami the roar of guns, William, who>
at the head of the left wing of cavalr}-, had with difficulty
crossed the Hoyne near Drogheda, placed himself at the head
of the Dutch Guards and ICnniskillen Dragoons, thundered
into the thick of the battle, and, like dust before the whirl-
wind, drove the enemy from the held : the battle of the
Bo\'nc was fought and won.

Truh' has the poet said :

" When freemen f()UL;lu by Hoyne's red wave.
Where William's lightnings llew.
T!'.en Kree'loni smiiL-il upon ihc brave,
Anil blessed the swords they drew."

James, more remarkable for good riiiming than good fight-
ing, had already started, double quick, for Dublin, whence he
crossed the mountains into Waterford, and scarcely halted
till he was safely landed in the French town of Brest. His
conduct at the Boyne reminds me of the story of a Yankee
Captain during the late civil war. Before leading his com-

4;;

pany into action he thus addressed them : " Now, gentlemen,
you are going to have a tough time of it in this engagement ;
be brave, figlit hke heroes while your ammunition lasts, and
then run ; but as I'm a little lame I'll start riozor James
was the first to start from the Boyne, but he showed no
lameness in the race. When he reached Dublin, Lady Tyr-
connel asked him how the battle went. " Oh," said James,
"all my Irish .soldiers ran away." "Well." replied Lady
Tyrconnel, " I must compliment your Majesty on your
swiftness of foot, for you're the first into Dublin."

It is said that on reaching the metropolis he called into a
hotel to get something to eat, and the host, not knowing the
rank or quality of his guest, expressed his regret that there
was nothing just ready e.xccpt some cold meat. " Oh," said
James, " it will be excellent ; I am in somewhat of a hurry,
besides, I had a very hot breakfast."

To this day the Roman Catholics of Ireland refer to him in
Irish with the greatest contempt, and honor him with an
epithet more expressive than polite. lie was the first, when
he got to Dublin, to brand his Irish army with the cowardice
of which he himself had set the example. He could look on
torture, and revel at the sight of agony in his victims, but he
could not look on war. He thoroughly proved his cowardice
at the Boyne, and never after redeemed his character. On
many an after battlefield the poor fellows who fled from the
Boyne displayed the courage and prowess of their race, -cnOi
proved to the world that the}- were worthy of a better cause
and a braver king.

The battle of the Boyne was a most momentous struc'<'ie.
On its issue depended, in a great measure, the security of our
civil rights, and the free exercise of the Protestant religion in
Britain. The Boyne was to decide whether James, Jesuits,
and Popery should continue to rule the countr\-, or whether
William of Orange, British liberty, and the I'rotestant religion
should become the ruling power. The struggle was long, and
fierce, and bloody, but our fathers were ecjual to the occasion
and William of Orange and Protestantism carried the day.

The next point to which I would refer is scarcely of less
importance than the Boync. I mean the battle of Aughrim.

Before the close of May, 1691, the Protestant army, under
Gincklc, encamped near Mullingar. On the 6th of June the
Papists ran, like rabbits, before them from the forts of Bally-
more. On the 20th the English quarter of Athlone was in
their hands, but the Irish, in their retreat to the Connaught side,
pulled down the bridge that spanned the Shannon, thus for a
time preventing the possibility of pursuit.

But Ginckle would not be frustrated in his plans, for he
immediately erected several batteries on the eastern side from
which he poured an incessant showx'r of shot and shell upon
the Irish quarter. In quick succession, tower and battlement
and rampart fell. Athlone was soon a heap of ruins. And
now Ginckle resolved to force the passage of the river, close
by the site of the old bridge, which had previously been pulled
down. According!)', on the 30th of June, as the bells tolled
6 o'clock, 15,000 men, with green boughs in their hats, as at
the Boyne, plunged into the Shannon to the neck, gained the
bank and drove the Irish from the Connaught side of the town.

Marshal St. Ruth, then in command of the Popish army,
retired to Kilcommeden Mill, determined to risk the fate of
the kingdom on a pitched battle on the plains of Aughrim,
his position being, as he calculated, almost impregnable ; and
truh' it was nearly so, biit not quite.

On his left was a stream beyond which lay an extensive
morass, with only one narrow road and that commanded by
Aughrim Castle ; in front lay a bog extending away to the
right, while the house and grounds of Urcichree, a little in
advance of their position, were occupied by a strong party of
the Irish horse.

On the I ith of Jul)- Ginckle surveyed the ground and gave
orders for the attack next morning. At noon, on that ever
memorable 12th July, the Protestant army. 20,000 strong,
came in front of the breastworks that defend' the 25,000 of
the enemy. The battle began with the grea fury. Again
and again Ginckle tried to force the pass ol Urachree, but

again and again he was driven back by the Irish, whose fight-
ing on that occasion was worthy of all praise. After the battle
had raged for hours St. Ruth exclaimed " the day is ours, and
we'll drive them to the gates of Dublin." But it was only a
Frenchman's boast. He could not measure the pluck and
perseverence of the men with whom he was contending. Just
then, the Irish being sorely pressed on the right, St. Ruth sent
some troops to their support. Ginckle, seizing the opportunity,
ordered four regiments to cross the bog and attack the front
of the Irish position. This was a desperate task and with
desperation was it performed. With sun and wind against
them, and having to wade and struggle through the sinking
bog, gave the enemy much advantage : but on the brave
fellows went, amid a deadly and destructive fire from the Irish ;
but, as soon as the Huguenots and Blues gained a firm footing
they turned the flank of the enemy with awful slaughter.

And now Talmash, at the head of his cavalry, advanced
along the narrow road by Aughrim Castle, made a desperate
dash upon the enemy's left, and then charged upon the centre.
Meanwhile St. Ruth had f^illen, pierced by a bullet from the
English cannon, as he was riding up to direct his artillery on
Talmash's advancing cavalry. With his fall the tide of battle
turned. Inch by inch the Irish fought, and inch by inch they
were beaten, broken and driven back with awful slaughter.

Leaving 4,000 dead bodies on the field and 3,000 more along
the line of retreat, the enemy fled to Galway. The Protestants
buried their 600 slain, pursued the enemy to Galway, compelled
the 7,000 in it to surrender ; Limerick shortly after capitulated
and Ireland was free. The Revolution was an accomplished
fact. The Hero of the Boyne had won the day and secured
the liberties of Britain.

Before proceeding further let me briefly notice the plots that
were laid for the assassination of William. It was not the
dangers to which he was exposed in the open field, from his
bitterest and openly avowed enemies, he had most to dread, for
these he never feared ; but it was danger from the wicked
designs of secret enemies and false friends.

In August, 1692, through the vigilance of one Liefdale, a
Dutchman, a most detestable plot for his assassination was
brought to light. One Dc Granval,aCaptain of French cavalry,
with an accomplice named Dumont, were arrested for their
share in the plot. De Granval confessed that he was engaged
by James to shoot King William, the Hero of the Boync. He
was tried, found guilty and shot for liis share in the plot.

Again, in 1696, another conspiracy was discovered for his
assassination during one of his hunting excursions. Thirty-five
men were engaged in this diabolical plot, under the direction
of the Duke of Berwick and a Scotch gentleman named Sir
George Barclay. The King was to be met in a narrow lane,
through which he was in the habit of passing on his hunting
excursions. Twenty-seven of the conspirators were to attack
and overpower his guards, while Barclay, with the remaining
eight, were to stop his coach and murder the Hero of the Boyne.

But God graciously interposed. The heart of Fisher,
one of the conspirators, began to fail him ; he turned traitor
and dischjsed the plot. Another, named Pendergrass, actually
wrote down the names of those engaged in the conspiracy.
It was Saturday night, of the 22nd February, liefore dawn
on Sunday morning, Charnock. Rockwood and Bernardi, three
of the conspirators, were arrested, and before noon seventeen
others were made prisoners. On the i8th of March, following,
four of the number were executed, and, a few days later, five
others paid the penalty of their crime on the scaffold.

With the other conspiracies for the assassination of William
HI. time forbids me to deal. It seems, however, surprising
that, after securing the liberties for which both Whig and Tory,
Episcopalian, Papist and Presbyterian had good reason to be
thankful, such men as the Lords Godolphin and Bath, the
Duke of Marlborough, Admiral Russell, and the Duke of
Shrewsbury, all in William's service, should be found engaging
in plots for his overthrow, in order to replace on the throne of
England the cowardly tyrant who had trampled under foot
the liberties of the people and the principles of the Constitution.

The next notcworth)- event in William's lime is the bottle of
La Hogue, 1692.

A French armv was readv to invade iMifrland and a larcje
fleet was prepared to bring them oxer. The l£n,i:[lish fleet was
on the watch ; but, to prevent the I'^nt^lish comini^ within reach,
the French had drawn up their ships uj^on the shalhnvs, near
La Hogue, as far as high tides and cables could bring them,
under cover of the batteries on shore, which were planted with
all the artillery intended for the grand invasion of l-Lngland.
On tile heights behind was drawn up tlie whole invading army,
with King James, his fancy son, the Duke of Berwick, Marshal
de Bellefond, and other great officers looking on.

It was the 22nd of May. \'ice- Admiral Rooke led the
attack. With a few light frigates and nearly all the open
boats of the fleet, he advanced as far as the depth of the water
would permit. Then, trusting to the men in the b(->ats, he gave
them orders to " Board, burn and do their best." That was all
the brave fellows wanted. On the\' pulled, amid a terrific fire
of shot, shell and musketr\' from the ships, chaloupes and bat-
teries on shore. Not a trigger was drawn by the British till,
getting alongside the enemy's ships, they threw aside their oars
and muskets, and with a tremendous huz/.a, cutlasses in hand,
boarded and carried the ships ; then, pointing the guns they
had captured against the chaloupes and batteries on shore,
completely destroyed the invading fleet, under the very eyes
of the enemy, and under the fire of their guns.

In the following \'ear 80,000 French, under Luxemburg,
gained a \-ictory over William, who had only 50,000 ; but,
defeated as he was, he earned enough honor ^l■>ere to cover
the whole life of a soldier. Not in all our !• J.\t annals of
deathless deeds is there any record of bold and untlaunted
heroism to excel our good King William on that da}'. Manj'
fell on his right and on his left while he covered the retreat.
A bullet passed through the curls of his wig, another through
his coat, and another tore through his blue ribbon. At the
head of two regiments of English he fought seven regiments
of French, driving them back, inch by inch, in the presence

of both armies. The loss was heavy on both sides. Ten
thousand of tlie chosen troops of France fell at Landcn.
x-^mong the slain, on William's side was Count Solmes, and
on the side of the encmj' the gallant Sarsfield, both of whom
fought so bravely at Aughrim and the Hoyne. " The streets,"
says tiic historian, "were piled breast high with corpses.
During many months the ground was strewn with skulls and
bones of men and horses, and with fragments of hats, shoes,
saddles and holsters. The next summer the soil, fertilized by
20,000 corpses, broke forth into millions of pop[)ies. The
traveller who saw that vast sheet of rich scarlet, spreading
from Landen to Neerwinden, could hardly help fancying that
the figurative prediction of the Hebrew prophet was literally
accomplished — that the earth was disclosing her blood and
refusing to cover her slain."

But with such scenes I must have done. After the cam-
paign of '93, Louis, well aware that his impoverished country
couUl not send out such an arm\' the next year, sued for peace.
But William, knowing that this desire for peace was one of
tveakiiess and not of zcill, took the field in the spring of '94
at the head of a fine army, and honorably turned the long
boasted success of the French arms.

Soon after his return from this campaign his beloved
Queen Mary died. The national sorrow was both deep and
sincere. It seemed as if some loved one had been torn from
every family circle. Prior said : " The very marble wept."
Worthy of the mourner and the mourned Greenwich Hospital
for disabled sailors was raised by our good King William, as
a monument to his beloved Mary ; while with not less con-
sideration did he found Chelsea Hospital for old and disabled
soldiers who followed his fortunes in the wars.

At length the cry for peace became long and loud. A
treaty was made, and soon broken by the French king, who,
on the death of Jan es in 1701, proclaimed the Pretender
King of England. Britain was roused at the report, and a
more English House of Commons was the grand result.

And now the toils of 50 busy years began to tell upon

William's weak and delicate frame ; but to his latest da\- the
flashin^f of his eagle e)-c and the compression of his firmly-
cut lips told at once that bodily atij;uish had never tamed the
iron soul within.

Feeling that his days were numbered, he dictated, with the
greatest care, plans both political and military which made
his rival feel his power when he lay silent in the tomb.

On the 2 1st I'ebruary, 1702, his horse fell under him,
breaking his collar-bone. Medical skill soon told the worltl
that the greatest man of his age had but a few days to live.
Through these days every sound of hope and fear was listened
to with unparalleled eagerness. The nation, like one great
family, moved in solemn silence, as rf)und the couch of a
dying parent. Calm, clear antl firm in the faith to the end,
William III., the Hero of the l^)yne, breathed his last on
Sunday, the Sth of March, 1702.

When his remains were laid out, it was found that he wore
round his neck a piece of black silk ribbon containing a gold
ring and a lock of hair of his beloved Mary.

Hisho[) Hurnet, who for 13 )-ears was admitted to the closest
intimacy with him, says : " Fie had a thin and weak bod\-, was
brown haired, and of a clear and delicate constitution. lie
had a Roman eagle nose, bright and sparkling eyes, a large
front, and a coimtcnance composed to gravity and authority.
Mis designs were always great and good. Me bclie\-cd the
truths of the Christian religion very firmly, and expressed a
horror at Atheism ancl blasphemy. Me was most exemplary,
decent and devout in the {)ublic exercise of the worship of
God, and was constant in his private prayers and in reading
the Scriptures." What a noble example he has left for those
to imitate who love and honor his immortal memor}' !

Whether we view King William as the saviour of Molland,
the Champion of Truth, the powerful and persevering enemy
of French ambition, the [)atron and centre of the celebrated
men of his time, or the glorious deliverer of Britain from the
most despicable and intolerant tyrant that ever mocked at
human liberty, we arc compelled to place him, with one

consent, amid the brave and great. To him \vc owe the
basis, beauty and bulwark of that Constitution which has
made Britain the envy and admiration of the world. To him
\vc are indebted for the Act of Settlement providing for ever
a Protestant monarch to sit on the throne of England.

It was the thunder of his cannon that scattered the proud
powers of Poper\', which, at that stirring and stormy time,
threatened to eclipse the civilized world. He it was that
raised the standard .of Protestant defence and defiance against
the greatest generals and strongest armies of the age, and
with hearts as brave as ever bled or battled in Freedom's
cause, wrung from the pride and chivalry of France laurels
that shall wave in eternal green above his honored grave.

He had a giant grasp and dignity of soul which was the
dread of foes and the boast of friends ; and notwithstanding
all that has been blindly and bitterly said of his stiffness,
coldness, want of manner, and low Dutchism, he was, both as
man and monarch, a model to all the crowns and cabinets of
Europe. He was the determined enem\- of all persecution,
saved the countries he governed from inside and outside foes,
and, by God's help, broke down Romish ascendency in Britain
for e\er.

Hearty thanks were offer^xl f(jr him in all the Reformed
Churches of Europe. We b>' our union, as Orangemen,
re-echo their thanks— not that we can enhance his reputation,
or make more golden the lines in which his character and con-
quests are recorded, but we can give a little of that gratitude
we can never full}' pa}- and time can never cancel.

Let us, then, stablish his fame and keep green his memory,
by holding our birthright of freedom unstained and enshrining
the liberties and religion it was his joy and glory to guard, in
our individual and national conduct for ever.

I feel no fear that the loyal men of Great Britain and
Ireland, or their worthy descendants in Canada, the United
Sta>es and the distant colonies of Australia and New Zealand
will ever forget him. The birds may forget their songs ; the
ocean may forget the tides that keep it pure ; the flowers of

summer may forget the dews that make them fresh and fair ;
the sun may forget the day, and the patriot his fatherland ;
but while the Boyne has a stream, Britain a history, and
memory a place, 'tcc shall never forget the " glorious, pious
and immortal memory of King William III., the fTero of the
Bo\-ne, and Derry's deathless ' No Surrender ! ! '"