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Les diagrammes suivants iiluatrent la mAthode. rrata to pelure. n a H 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^ J^ DESIGNS FOR- Village, Town and City Chdrghes PUBLISHED BY THE Will i ■CH HIHII[ OF THE General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada. ^ wt i-j MAM-8^0 • P7 R. J. MCDOWALL KINGSTON . . , IMPORTER AND DEALER IN PIANOS • ORGANS AND MUSICAL MERCHANDLSE. CHURCH AND CHAPEL ORGANS A SPECIALTY Special Agent for a new line of small and medium sized pipe organs — the best value ever offered. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. R. J. McDOWALL Kingston, Ont. i Owen Sound Stone Company GREY SAND STONE fiUARRIES ON MAIN LINE OF C. P. R. AT ORANGEYILLE, ONT. This stone has been pronounced by experts equal to the very finest high priced imported stones, and superioi to most of them. This stone hardens by exposure and is not affected in the shght- est degree by climatic influences. Where it is known it is taking the place of all other stones for Church Architecture and other first class buildings. It is comparatively cheap. It is durable as stone can be. It is easily worked. It does not discolour. There is no handsomer stone. Telephone at Quarries. The best shipping facilities of any Quarry ui Canada. Orders solicited, and wili be satisfactorily and promptly filled. T^he Rathbun Company . . HANUFACTURCRS ■ QeSERONTO, ONT. DOORS, SASH ■ ■ ■ . BLINDS, MOULDINGS, AND ALL KINDS OF INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR FINISH. PULPITS, READING DESKS, PEWS AND PEW ENDS. Decorative and Fire-Proof Terra Cotta MADE TO SPECIAL DESIGNS. Dry Pres.sed Brick. Portland CemExNt. WRITE us FOR INFORMATION CASTLE • cS: • SON 20 UNIVERSITY SIRKKT, MONTREAL . Communion Plate . . Alms Dishes . Stained . Glass I'ICTORIAL AND ORNAMENTAL. A correct church interior is the result of obedience to certain rules or principles governing ecclesiastical architecture resulting in that which testifies to the uses and purposes of its construction. ' In fact, there are not five church 'edifices in the United States ^\ ' which, /or dignity, monumental"'^, 'grandeur, nobility of concep-^ ' tion or proportion are it'orthy of 'being mentioned, and it would ^ ' seem to be worth while to consider whether, the country having I ' spent the first hundred years of its existence in making itself fs^ ' extremely rich and extremely comfortable, it might not be well to \^^ ' set about building at least one noble structure ivhicJi did not r^i 'weave or print, or feed or lodge, save as it wove the garment of^^ ' an imperial hope audfed end formed and housed those creatures €l| ' 0/ a yet loftier destiny, who are immortal." Bishop Potter, in the Forum. f\RG'HITEGTS WHOSE DESIGNS APPEAR IN THIS BOOK. D.J. CREIGHTON, GREGG & GREGG, VV. A. LANGTON, E. LOWERY & SON, W. L. MUNROE, JAS. RUSSELL, G. F. STALKER, - A. E. WELLS, 365 St. Urbain St., Montreal. 61 Victoria St., Toronto. Canada Life Building, Toronto. Winnipeg, Man. 376 Shaw St., Toronto. 17 Henry St., Toronto. 68 Sparks St., Ottawa. Toronto. DESIGNS FOR Village, Town and City Churches PUBLISHED UY THE COMMITTEE ON CHURCH ARCHITECTURE OF THE General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada. Toronto : Canadian Architect and Builder Press 1893. PREFATOR\' NOTi:S. The Committee on Church Architecture issues this pamphlet in the hope that it may be of some service to those conyrej^ations about to build churches, more especially in rural districts. During' the early period of the Church's history in Canada, except perhaps in a few centres of population, our people had to be satisfied with very humble church buildinKS. In whole townships not a skilled mason or car- penter could be found, and the first settlers had not the means to employ them if such had been available. Four walls and a roof to shelter from the rain and snow was all that was then considered necessary. Mere the hardy back-woods men with their wives and children, often clad in homespun, were wont to assemble for worship on the Lord's day. Many a congrej^ation now wealthy and prosperous, first bej^.m its church life in such a buildins. In very few instances indeed, can the first church edifice be made the perma- nent home of the con^rej^alion. Other buikhn^^, more adapted to the im- proved state of the country and condition of the people, are takin>{ their places. It is import.mt that these churches should be neat, substantial and comfortable, and that it should not be necessary to replace them after the lapse of a few years. In other words, we should build with a view to perma- nence. Hy so doinj^, an unnecessary expenditure of money is saved, and the conj,'rej^alion is enabled to keep more directly in touch with its historic past. England and Scotland are proud of their ancient cathedrals ; and although we may not build structures so grand and imposing as these, yet with our .ibundant supply of stone and wood of the very best quality may we not, by following the laws of architecture, build in such a way that our work shall stand, and meet with the approval of succeeding generations } The choice of a church Fite is a matter of very first importance. In this respect country congregations usually have an advantage over others, be- cause of the greater variety of landscape. A piece of rising ground in some shady quiet spot should be chosen. The kind of material to be used in con- struction, and the style of architecture must, to a certain extent, depend on the locality, and on the means and liberality of the people. Stone is prefer- able because most durable, and if built after a good design makes a build- ing more ecclesiastical than any other in appearance. When brick is used, none but bricks of the best quality should be placed on the outside walls. Wooden churches may be made as warm and comfortable as those of any other material, if properly built. All the lumber should be thoroughly dried. The building should be set well up from the ground on a solid stone or con- crete foundation. Sound matched lumber should bn used for sheeting, and tar-paper should be placed on the outside before putting on the weathei A ' P7 boards ; or, what is preferable, the walls should be ca-efully back-plastered between the stn Jir.« from sill to plate. ShitiKles should in all cases be laid in mortar. I> murches are not th'is carefully built they cannot be Msily heated, and in our climate this is a matter so important that it should always be well considered by those about to enxajije in church building. The church is the house of the Lord set apart for a hixh and sacred use. If we keep this thought present in our minds we shall then endeavor to have every part, both of ' .e exterior and interior, in harmony and in j>ood taste, avoiding whatever is unseemly, both in form and in color. In other words, it will be our aim to have our churches present an artistic appearance in the truest and best sense. The accompanying designs are by Canadian architects, mostly young men now practising their profession in the Dominion, and who can be read- ily consulted by persons desirous of doing so. .Should this pamphlet in some measure fulfil the purpose for which it is issueil the Committee will regard any time and labour devoted to it as having been spent in the advancement of a good work, and will still further continue its efforts, if so desired by the General Assembly. The Committee wishes to express its indebtedness to Mr. S < '. Curry, late President, and to Mr. VV. A. Langton, Secretary of the Ontario Associa- tion of Architects, for their kindly interest and valuable assistance rendered. J. CUMHEKLAND, Convener of Committee. ^tMn^i T' ^ 1> — ' -TV. ^z I i\ t -^ '^ \ '' ' > ^^ 'I m i ;--t 1 %^ ai^^ -Jjf,-,c/^r^ JTro^ ^r f^cft '^ .i;^ /^fix'/OJ>^ ^pyo /^h ^ DESIGN FOR A COUNTRY CHURCH. By a. E. Wki.ls. DESIGN FOR A COUNTRY CHURCH. Notes Accompanying Design for a Country Church, Submitted BY A. E. Wells, Toronto. In the design of a country church for congregational worship, there are a few simple requirements that must be met. The plan of a church of this type must be such that the sermon may be heard without strain, either of the ears of the auditory or of the voice of the speaker. It must be, first of all, a building to hear and see in. If this fundamental idea be neglected, the design can have no architectural merit whatever. It might be possible to produce a design which, though it em- bodied all the practical requirements of a country church, would be utterly devoid of beauty or architectural fitness. Certain it is, however, that perfect adaptation to the purpose for which a building is intended, is the sine qua non of all good architecture. Not only must a design provide for all the utilitarian requirements of the case, but if it is to have any architectural merit it must be an outgrowth of the environment and express the purpose and reason ;to be of the building. A country church should not be mistake- able for-Vscliool or club house. On the other hand it must be borne in mmd that the congregational form of worship such as obtains in the Presbyterian church finds little in traditional Gothic forms that can in any true sense express it. The glories of the Gothic cathedral were in perfect harmony with the gorgeous ritual of the mediaeval church ; but the Puritan simplicity of Presbyterian worship demands diflferent expression. In every problem of design there are conditions over which the architect has no control. By them he must be governed. One imperative condition in the design of a small church in Canada, is the necessity for cheapness This limitation the architect must accept. To attempt in his design to hide the necessity for economy would be as much a mistake as to concc;il any other of the essential conditions of the case. In such a case the problem is for the architect to impart to a wooden building some degree of beauty and dignity. To attempt to make wood look like stone, is to adopt a subterfuge too paltry to de.c-rve notice. Such vulgar shams are easily condemned ; but the use in wooden construction of forms suited only to stone is common, and is equally a violation of the first principles of design. The curved forms of Gothic window tracery are quite unsuited to wooden construction. And in any case, window tracery without its accompanying painted glass is as meaningless as a frame without the picture. The humbler the materials used by the designer, the simpler and more severe should be the treatment. Profusion of detail in an inferior r.-.atenal can but produce a cheap and tawdry effect. A structure of stone, though ill-designed, may possess a cer- tain dignity by virtue of the solidity and permanence of its materials. But an ill-proportioned wooden l^uilding is nothing better than a shed. In his efforts to impart dignity to a building of this type, the designer is dependent solely on the jyroporlion of its parts. Much can be clone to enhance the beauty of a country church by improving the natural surroundings. And the faults of existing buildinj^s, that are not from an architectural point of view all that can be desired, mitjht in this way be greatly mitigated. Trees and ivy mif^ht be made to hide a multitude of sins. The design submitted is intended to accommodate 150 to 2cx3 persons. It has one room to be used as vestry and library, and is to be heated by stoves. The plan is a very simple one. The entrance is ample, and is well protected against the cold winds of the Canadian winter. The stoves are placed not fr.r from the entrance, and so near the chimney that the unsightly stove pipe may be abolished. It is proposed to place around the sto/e a metal casing, inside of which a supply of fresh air may be introduced, to be- come heated in contact with the stove and pass into the room. The walls of the church to the height of the sill line will be built of stone, above that line they will be of frame construction and covered with shingles. The roof also will be shingled. Internally there will be a wood dado to the height of the window sills, and the roof will be treated entirely in wood. The principals and rafters are to be finished with simple mouldings and left exposed. Any plastered sur- faces will be left without the finishing white coat ; the rough coat beint; sim- ply straightened and brought to an even color. The wood dado and other woodwork exposed to handling, if not hardwood, will require painting. The roof should be treated with oil and left to turn a richer color with age. Tinted glass mit^ht be made to contribute greatly to the effect of the interior. Externally, the shingles may well be left to be stained by rain and weather. This building would cost in execution from $2,500 to $3,000. 10 v^ n S' e, but it would be amply rompensated by the j^eneral appearance of the build- ing. The measurement of church is 4o'x72'with transepts irx4o'. It is seated for 530 persons, allowinj; 20 inches per person. The school house on left can be entered from church, and would accommodate 350 scholars. The school room measures 30' x 34', and the infant class room i6'x2i'6". The library anc' cloak room enter from vestibule, and measure respectively 8'x io'6". The books would be distributed from school room, a glass parti- tion with sliding panel being used for that purpose. The kitchen is on base- ment, access to the same bein^ gained by stair in rear hall. The vestry measures 8'6"xi2', and hps suitable accommodation as regards presses. The organ chamber on riijht of choir measures 8'6"xir, having arched open- inj^s. The organ pipes would show to front, facing congregation. Access to tower is gained by spiral stair in turret. A store room is situated midway in tower. The height at sides of walls is 16'. The height at apex of roof is 36'. The foundation walls to the ground line to be built of rubble masonry, from ground to plinth rustic faced on front elevation, remainder field stone. Above the work is to be of scpiared and fair dressed rubble masonry (local name, .Scotch masonry). The stone to be of local quarry. Plinth, babel mouldintis, string courses, and ciuoins to be of different colored stone. The roofs to be slated with dark green slate, ridge tiles on apex of both church and school house roofs. Fish-eye windows to be placed on both sides of school house roof. .A. ventilator and !ou\ered openings is also on school house roof. The church roof to be open timbeied, walls plastered, a panelled dado to be round church up to height of windows. Seating to be in hardwood and natural varnished. Chancel, transept windows, and wheel window to be in stained glass. School house roof to be open timbered, linings laid diagonal- ly between rafters, walls plastered, and dado of beaded linings with hard- wood cap on lop. Windows to be of cathedral glass. The building to be heated in the most approved of system of hot-air heating. The estimate for the above design to be $20,000. 16 \ i «7 —,-^===^ ■rt \ \ I *T^"^4iJM., OOiot^OOOftJ 01 O 'J — •>< ni I. (0 — ^ on W IH DKSIC.N FOR A SMALL 'I'OWX (.HrRCIL I')V J\Mi:s RUSSKI.I,, 17 HKNKY STKKE'I', TORONXr). Church to be built of red brick, with brown Credit \';illey stone trim- minus- Roof to be covered with dark colored slates. Building to be heated by furnaces with rej^isters as shown on jilan. Part of jjrincipals to show inside below ceiling. 4, < 19 ^^K"-- t— vs i- DESIC.X FOR A COUNTRY CHURCH. 20 2T COUNTRY CHURCH. Grecu; & GREdo, Architects, 6i \'ictoria Street, Toronto. This country church is designed to be built either of stone or Lrick. The window sills and heads of doors and windows to be of dressed stone. Roof to be covered with shint^les dipped in shingle stain before being laid, the colour to form a pleasing combination with material used for walls. The seats will be of pine with pine ends. Sittings are provided for 163 adults. All Ulterior woodwork, including part of principals shewing be- low ceiling, to be varnished. The vestry is intended to be used also as a library for the Sunday school. «-o a: o o X u > H O u if O S3 o CO u DESIGN FOR A COUNTRY CHURCH. By G. F. Stalker, 86 Sparks Streict, Ottawa. The walls to be built of stone. Joists to be I2"x3" at i6" centres. Under floor i" thick, upper floor i yi" thick, grooved and tongued. The walls inside to be battened, to be sheeted to a height of 3 feet from the floor and plastered in 3-coat work from top of sheeting to wall plate. The roof to be covered with Canada plate. The roof inside to be sheeted and finish- ed in three coats oil paint. The pews and other fittings to be in clean pine, oiled and varnished. The glass to be in leaded lights. Accommodation, 186. Approximate estimate, $3,500. - (*--► -— ««^gf5fer »,,-..,..-,«., ,|.^ 25 u Pi D X O -J. a < -J X CO W 26 37 DESIGN FOR A LARGE VILLAGE CHURCH SUBM'-TED RY GREGG & GrEGG, 6i VICTORIA STREET, TORONTO. This design for a large village church presents a compact and neat plan for 376*persons. The pews are circular in plan, enabling every one to face the pulpit. A stairway at the rear entrance leads to the cellar, in which coal rooms, furnace room, etc. The estimated cost is $5,000, being built of brick. This building might also be built of stone, the spire being of the same material if desired. 38 Si A ^mmm '.J ai D E z c; o t/: ^'^ > cy .^ o H u <: o '/ ►J o w z > 'J ^iM C/2 w Q 29 z o (A Si o ►J w K X If u IT i^ 1 1^ 1 — z ill u c UK ■y: ^ i o ^- ■ ^ ^' ''. L - i ^ < < ii -^ -t 1 ^ ^-^ ' ^ -r w 1 H • < > 2'h S3 i ^ '^ ' v: H O -^ 1 !^ -^ I ctf e>' 30 UESCRII'TION OV DESKIN FOR A SMALL TOWN CHURCH. liY EUVVARl) LOWliRY & SON, WiNNII'KC;, MAN. This desijrn is for a town church, adapted to a "corner lot." As will be noticed in examining the |)lan, the design is altogether new in its internal arrangement, the pulpit being in the corner. The advantages of this system of " lay-out " are evident. Among them are : the direct and unobstructed view of choir and pulpit from all parts of the auditorium ; and, in case of a gallery being put in, from all jiarts of the gallery ; also the position of windows, which admit the light in such a way as to prevent the unpleasantness of the " sun-glare," so common a nuisance in most churches. Should it be thought desirable, a gallery could be con- structed along the two sides of church opposite the pulpit. The design shows no basement (there being only a furnace room under- neath of small size, lighted from the side of the church on which the chimney is shown), but a very good basement for Sunday school pui poses could easily be made, if desirable, and the portion of building above ground for that purpose in this design, done away with. The church, according to design, would be built of brick, with stone walls below grade line. Main window arches and entrance door arch would be of stone. The root would be hipped with gables on the two face sides. Windows in auditorium would be glazed with leaded glass, and windows in school annex with cathedral colored glass. Seating would be on the " circular plan," and seats made of ash, birch or other suitable wood. Floor of auditorium would be built on an incline, the portion at entrance being twelve inches higher than the portion at pulpit. Interior of walls up to sills of windows would be wainscoted with V joint ceiling. Access to belfry room in tower would be had by ladder placed in vestibule of main entrance. In belfry a suitable bell would be hung. Church would be heated with hot-air. V^entilation is secured through venti- lator in ceiling, and small side windows, etc. Auditorium will have a seat- ing capacity of about 375 pe-sons. To build church according to drawings and the foregoing rather meagre description it would require in Manitoba about $8,000, and less or more in other ])laces, according to the locality. The Globe Furniture Co., Ltd. WALKERVILLE, ONT. MANUFACTURERS OK PEWS, PULPITS, CHAIRS, ETC, Circular Pews a Specialty. Correspondence solicit(;d with Committees contemplating the erection of new buildings, or reseating. MOD ERN DESIGNS. FIRST CLASS WORKMANSHIP. WELL SEASONED LUMBER. No. 215 Pkw Enu. B. H. CARNOVSKY Designer and Manufacturer . OF E cclesiastical * * yy ood - work SrEClAL JJESiaXS FOR TABLES, CHAIRS AND PULPITS. 128, 130, 132 ONTARIO STREET, Clinton H. Meneely Bell Company, TROY. N.Y. Manufacture . . . Superior Bells . . . CHURCH BELLS f\ SPECIf^LTY W. DRYSDALE & CO. Booksellers and Stationers. BOOKSELL.E,RS TO THE PRESBYTE.KIf\N COLLEGE. THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS IN THE DOMINION. \VK MAKK M'KCIAl.TIKS OK Theological Books, Sunday School Libraries. CHOICR CLERICAL AX/) FAMILY STATIONERY. CATALOr.UKS UN AIM'MCATION. (.)L'()TATIONS CHEKKIULLV CIVEN. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. G. ADAM SMITH— " reaching the Olii Test, to the Age," (iOKIi — " Tlie Incarnation of the Son of (jod," DRIVER — " Introduction to the Literature of the Old Test.," DALE-" The Living Christ and the I'our liospels," " Treasniy of Choice Illustrations," 6 vols.. Special "Matthew- Henry's Commentary," 9 vols. TRUMHL'LL— '■ Vale Lectures on the Sunday School," BERNARD— "Central Teaching of Christ," MOCLE — " I'o My Vounger Brethren," MATHESON— 'Distinctive Messages of the Old Religion," $ .30 2.00 3. CO Nett 1-75 9.00 Nett 12.00 Nett I.75 1.50 1.50 232 ST. JAMES STREET, 2365 ST. CATHERINE STREET, &L CO. MONTRKAI I I eei 03 CO n 49 s as 1=3 '3 Buck's Stove Works MANUFACTURE A FULL LINE OF ^ FOR COAL AND WOOD ^ For Reliability and Efficiency they ore unsurpassed. CHURCH HEATING A SPECIALTY Every contract guaranteed We have excellent testimonials from many of the best churches in Canada Write for name of Agent in your district WILLIAivrBUCK .'^■<^r^-M<« IN THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF Ecclesiastical Windows THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT ITEMS ARE DULY CONSIDERED BY US : Style of Building LoGatio n o f Windows Quantity of ught ' THE CHARACTER, OF THE DESIGN AND THE PREDOMINANT COLOR TONE ARE LARGELY REGULATED BY THESE JTEMS. We Make the Least Expensive .... Leaded Cathedral Windows, Rich Geometrical and Scriptural Subject Glass for Memorial and other jmrposes. Jos. McGausIand & Son 76 Kino Street West 1ST MEDALS TORONTO [SnS,'E!fg.;8l6}-d many local awards. EXHIBITORS AT CHICAGO.