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THE EMIGRATOk's GUI I'd THE ISRITlSH SE' AND tJNITi^D STATE* •^^ ■ ■ ^ or •AMERIC .4k .■^• r rtJONTAlNINa ALL ^iciE.s$ARi:^ •i^i.*-- ., CLlVXTE, SITUATION, SOIL, CLlltXTE, AGAICULTUBE, (BO Of each State; AUnAKfeED UNDER PROPER H2ADS. ■* 6»Uctcifrom (he moat modern and approved Aui7tOfi&aljt Xondon: ■v, ^V: ■IF' >*-Ja, iaif!f?Sfc : ^'' .;^.i. -.: — '1>BIKTBI> FOR THE BOOKSEItCliS $ (c /i-fi) .^ „'''v- ■■:-tIi if^ ' jii-t?* ^ V.' Ir^ii ^ ^ i f Ag brea visit our I page info! Stab duct for 1 * like^; ^c .&v'^-' ■^Wf''^, PRCPACS. A CEEAT desire faaving ariaei^ ur iht breasts of many of our cou^ttyir ^^ <* visit ^ Country as yet but lUtle k^i^fiv^ ^^ our endeavour will be in the foUowii^ pages, to give, as far as possible, ^BV^rjr information respecting the ^^feipiij^ States, their situation, ext^ imd pto^ Auctions, with the priee of labour bc^ for the mechanic and husbandman; likewise the price of provisions, ^J5^ Hi far as can be gathered from the besfe g^uthors; with directions respecting lip ^roy^^e, ice. &c. I TBEFACB. '/t is hoped this littie production will be found useful and he received favour- ably with the public, as it i» an im- partial account and contains the outline of infonnatiorj from extensive works, jWhich may be out of the reach of many individuala, — r ... • ^ fh^ whole intended as a Guide to f^o^e who may chusd to leave this &6mity for that part of the Globe, 1 ^ Vy fi^ ^/•tf- ^ '■- *r4 ' * rvLt EMIGRATOR'S GUIDK. A GENBRAL BESCSIPTIOM OT AKEB|C»» T. HIS great western continent^ frequtntljF Ai* nominated the New Worlds extends fr6in the^Mi degree norths to the 56th d^ree Joath latitiil^^ andy where its breadth is knurrn/IVom theidMli' to the ld6th degree of west longitude ihim ^mmm don; stretching between 8 and 9000 m^s in length, ;^d its greatest breadth 4000. It 11^ ij| both hemispheres, has two summers, andadcniyf winter, and enjoys all the variety of dimatii^j^tlit earth affbrdse It is washed by ^e tW^^^kfyHit ^^ oceans. To the eastward it has th^ M^s^a^^ :,^ which divides it from Europe and i«firij^ ; jmdi 19 1^ tiie west the Pacific, cht Great Sott#iiiliiii )oii^; and hi cne part, )at Darien, so extxa^fi^ %aitow, as to make the conamunication helmem. 4^4w(r oceans; by iio means difficvilt, beisg «9|f , ^0 ^ r-h f GUIDE TO •ixty miles over. In the great (Bful^li which 19 formed between the isthmus and the northern and southern continents, lie a multitude of islands, many of them large, most of them fertile, and denominated the West Indies, in contradistinction to the couptries and islands df Asia beyond the Cape of Good Hope^ which are called the East Indies. America is, without question, that part of tlie globe which is best watered ; and that not only for the'^^pport of life, and all the purposes of fer- l|lily^ but for the convenience of trade^ and th^ fliMKttrte cf each part with the others. In North AiAeriea,, those vast tracts of country situated be« jrond the Apalachian mountains, at an immenso jmd tinknown distance from the ocean^ are water** iOd by inland seas, called the Lakes of Canada; Twhicfa not only communicate with each other, but give rise to several great rivers, particularly the wissisippi, running from north to south till it falls vtltD th« Gulf of Mexico, after a course, including itsi turnings, of tnore than 3000 miles^ and re- ceiving in its progress the vast tribute of the Illi- nois, the Misouri, the Ohio, and other great rivers^ scarcely inferior to the Rhine or the Danube ; and A>n the north, the river St. Lawrence, running a l^icyfitrary course from the Missisippi, till it empties JlsalfintD the ocean near Newfoundland : all q£ ■iheea^^ being almost navigable to their Iiejlds^ lajr '^rfiieii the inmost recesses of this great contin^nt^ Hid aSord such an inlet for commerce, asinuai:' l^^uce the greatest advantage whenever ;t&^; maxi^y adjacent shaU come to be fully inh^bi^t: ^anittdustrious and civilised people. The j^ast^i^ 1 f^, wWM v»» ■ym:-t AMERICA. ^f side of North America, besides the ^loUe rfverU Hudson, Delaware, Susquehana, and Potowmack^ supplies several others of great depth, length, and commodious navigations hence many parts of the settlements are so advantageously intersected with navigable rivers and creeks, that the planters, without exaggeration, may be said to have each a harbour at his door. ft was in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth wheii the English began to settle in America, when Sir Walter Raleigh (a great genius) planted ai colony in the southern part which he called Vlr4 ginia, in honour of his Mistress the Queen, -^ CANADA, THE PHIKCXPAL OF THE BRITISH SETTLEM15NT^ ' Is 1400 miles long and 400 broad, lies l>etpiej(^9 43 and 50 North latitude, and between- d4^^^ 81 West longitude, and contains ) 50,000 ;|i|li^ miles. '^ „ Boundaries, — Bounded by New jy^j^^ii jfi^ Hudson's Bay, on the north and easti^Jif*^ * Scotia, New England, and New York, ^' (o^thl and by unknown lands on the we^|| .%iffivimns. — Canada is diviiled, into the t|i^^ TitiJ^jpf Upper and Lower Canada. Tlir^ fi north of the great lakes, and in ' New York by the river St. Lii| the Cataraqwi, an4 the lakes le. Lower Caiigdii 1 i^s on both syle^^ .v^^ ■ y* K ■•*■ p. J— • Ih 6iA GUIDE TO river St. Laurence, and is bounded on the south by New Brunswick, New England, and New York ; and, or the west, by Upper Canada. MounlainS'-^There are some mountains in the northern part of this country, and others between Quebec and the sea, but none tliat deserve par« ticular notice. * Rivers. — The Rivers branching through this Country are numerous, and many of them large« broad, and deep, but they are all swallowed up by the river St. Laurence, this river issues from the.lake Ontario, and meets the tide upwards of 4100 miles from the sea, and is navigable for large Tassels, being from 70 to 90 miles wide, it forms a variety of bays, harbours, and islands, many of ihem'are fruitful and extremely .pleasant. Lakes.'^lii Canada m-e five lakes, the smallest of which is a pifece of fVesh water, larger than any iii4he other parts of the world ; this is the lake Ontario, which is not less than 200 leagues in ^l7irCf||Qference. Erie, or Oswego, longer, but lalrt |Alf£oad, is about the same extent. That of the Htiron spreads greatly in width, and is in cir« camference not less than 300, as is that of Michi- f^f though, like Lake Erie, it is rather long, tad comparitively narrow. But the lake Superior^ ^li^ch contains several large islands, is 500 leagues In the circuit. All of these are Navigable by any veiBdel9,and they all confimunicate with one anothfsiv (Except that the passage between Erie aitid OlitttPip* it in^trupted by the falls of Niagara. The irivfeir St Laurence, as we have already observed, is tjlii^ MfOtkt of these lakes, by -which they themselves into the oceaai* AMERICA; V -. -C'.i' Meiah and Minerals. — Near Quebec is a fine learUniine, and in some of the mountains^ we arc told silver has been found. This country also abounds with coals. Climate, — Winter, in this country, continue* with such severity from December to April, that the largest "rivers are frozen over, ftnd the snow lies commonly from four to six feet deep ; but the air is so serene and clear, and the inhabitants so well defended against the cold, that this season is neither unhealthy nor unpleasant. The spring opens suddenly, and vegetation is surprisingly rapid: the summer is delightful, except that a part of it is extremely hot. tSoil and Prortfz/c<7.—- Though the climate be ce)<1> and the winter long and tedious, the soil is iJIt general \ery good, and in many parts both pleaf' sant and fertile, producing wheat, barley, 'ryey with many other sort4 of grains, fruits^ and vegerf. tables ; tobacco in particular thrives well, and $ much cultivated. The isle of Orleans, near^iel^ and the lands upon^ the riVer St. LaureiiO|j|^ " other rivers, are remarkable f»r the ricMi their 8f)il. Thejneadow grounds in Canada^ wl6«jfei-i^^ «re wt?ll watered, yield excellent grass, and tec^f-^ ;lvif ast numbers oH great and small cattle. Timber und Plants, — The uncultivated part^^ * '>' !^.;;^ i 1« ; ■ Si 10 dUIDE TO fno6t pains to describe them, there h jiot one that knows half the niimbel'. The province We are describing produces^ among others, two sorts of pines, the white and the red ; four sorts of firs ; two sorts of tedar and oak, the white and the red ; the m&le and female maple ; three sorts of aish'^ trees, the free, the mongrel, and the bastard ^ three sorts of walnut-trees, die hatd, the soft, and the smooth ; vast numbers of beech-trees and white •wood; white and red eKl^, artd poplars. Tiie Indians hcdlov the red elms into canoes, some <>t wfefdi, made out of one piece, will contain twenty^ persons ; others are made of the bark, the diiTerent pieces of which they sew together with the inner fim\) and driub over the scams with pitch, ot jpsthcr a bituminous matter resembling pitch, to prevent their leaking ; and the ribs of the^e canoes are made of boughs of trees. - Attimah.'-^Thesb make the most curious, and hitherto the most interestingj part of the natural UsIiOry of Canada. It is to the spoils of these that life^W« the materials of many of our manutacturesj Mid iBost of the commerce as yet carried on be- tween us and the country we have been describing. 5'he animals that find shelter and nourishment in the immense forests of Canada^ and which indeed bwyerse the uncultivated parts of all this continent^ **?e Stags, elks, deer, bears, foxes, martiris, wild ^^, ferrets, weasels, -squirrels of a iai^e ^e and ffti&ykh hue, hares, and rabbits. The southeill Mits in particular breed great numb^ri of ii^ikl bulls, deer of a small size, divers sorts of Jpotbiiil^fii^; goats, wolves, &c. The marshes. . ^ M irhich in this country are very num&mairiiif^i^ AMERICA. n with otters^ btaver«, or castors, of which the whiff are highly valued^ being scarce, as well as thf right black kind. The American beaver, though resembling the creatare known in Europe by that name, has many particulars, which render it th^ 'most curious animal we are acquainted with. It is near four feet in length, and weighs sixty of seventy pounds: they live 0rom fifteen to twepty years, and the females generally bring forth fovg young ones at a tima. It is an amphibioua qiuiot ruped, that continues niot long at a time in thf [water, but yet cannot live without frequently >athing in it. Tlie savages^ who wage a continuiii fwar with this animal, believes it to be a ratipnaJL [creature, that it lives in society, and is governje4 by a leader resembling their own sachem, o^ ^prince. . It must indeed be allowed, that..^a curious- accouynts given of this animal by ingiemouj^ ravellers, the manner in which it oontmree it^ labitation, provides food to serve during the w:ijiif^^r*»ci [ter,^ and always in proportion to the continuaiif;^^ ^'^ and severity of it, are su^cient to show the ^sfajT approadieaofinstinct to reason, and even ^«^bi^v instances the superiority of the former. BjM^aif Vfe of different colours ; b1ack> brown, white, yeV l*^w, and straw colour; but it is observed^ thfl^ the lighter their colour, the less quantity <^ ^ Ithey are clothed with, and live in w^m^r climiatef. p*I)e furs of the be^er are of two kinds, 'th« dfF ' 'je gre/&n; the dry fur is the sHin befoi^|t |S a lo any use ; the green are tJie furs thaiiC|e [if^ysi, after being sewed .togtller by the India^^ .^;|i^4^se«d^ fish^ pot-ash^ ginseng Mucl'^ ;■■ ■ " -^ •■' ■■: ., AMERICA. li medicinal roots, but principally of furs and pel- tries, to a very great amount. Imports consist of rum, brandy, molasses, coffee, su/[;ar, wines, to* jbacco, salt provisions, and dry goods. fi>/i, — Some writers are of opinion, that the fisheries in Canada, if properly improved, -would be more likely to enrich that country than eve|i the fur trade. The river St. Laurence contains perhaps the greatest variety of fish of any in the world, and these in the greatest plenty and of the best sorts. Natural Curiosities. — These are the vast lakesi;| [rivers, and cataracts, of the country. Among the [latter the principal is the stupendous fall, or cata^ rict, which is called the Falls of Niagara. Tb6 water here is about half a mile wide, where tbo rock crosses it, not in a direct line, but ttitbil Iform of a half-moon. When it comes to thiB p^ v ^i roendicular fall, which is 1 50 feet, no word$ ei^ ?/!^|l rexpress the consternation of travellers at seeitig i^ threat a body of water falling, or rather vio)ent}^ [thrown, from so great a height, upqi below, from which it again rel)ounr ijgreat height, appearing as white af [all converted into foam, through % igitations. The noise of this fall is fie distance of fifteen miles, and soi farther. The vapour arising from the idmetimes be seen at a distance, appearing lil^fl sk«:d;, or pillar of smoke, and exhibiting the %#• " * ' iCe of a rain bow, whenever the sun mi4 ' ion of the traveller favour. klation, — In the year 1783, Canada and were supposed to contain abdut i30,<]b^ '^'^ ■■',... u GUIDE TQ inhftbitants. There are many different tribes of Indians in Canada ; but these peoi^e are observed to decrease in population where the European i are most numerous, owing chiefly to the immode« rate use of spirituous liquors, of which they are excessively fond. But as liberty is the niling pas- sion of the Indians, we may naturally suppose, that, as the Europeans advance, the former will retreat to more distant regions. Chief Towns. — Quebec, the capital, not only of Lower Canada, but of all British America, is situ^ Ate at the confluence of the rivers St. Laurence and St. Charles or the Little River, about 320 miles fVoin the sea. It is built on a rock, partly of im^ble and partly of slate. The town is divided Into an upper and a lower ; the houses in both are df $tone« and built in a tolerable manner. The ;^;T©rtifications are strong, though not regular. The - town is defended by a regular and beautiful cita-* iciet ui which the governor resides. The num- Iber of inhabitants have been computed at 12 or 15,000, The river, which from the sea hither is four or Ave leagues broad, narrows all on a isudd«n to about a mile wide. The haven, which jies opposite the town, is safe and commodious, and about Ave fj^thoms deep. The harbour is H flanked by two bastions, that are raised £5 feet iTrom the ground, which is about the height of the tides at the time of the equinox. From Quebec to Montreal, which is about 170 l^les, in sailing up the river St. Laurence, tbe eye is entertained >vith beautiful landscape$y th< banks being in many places very bold and it4$e|l»^ mid shaded with lofty trees. lAxt farms H^ ^ '^ %^ •u. .AMERICA. ■< ; ill thse all the Way; sevei-al gentletnien^s houses, heatly built, show themselves at intervals, ^nd {there are a few towns or villages. The country resembles the welKsettled parts in Virginia and Maryland, where the planters live wlioUy within themselves. Many beautiful islands are inter* spersed in the channel of the river, which have art agreeable efTect opon the eye. After passing the llichclieu islands tlie air becomes so mild and tem* perate, that the traveller thinks himself transported to another climate ; but this is to be understood >f the summer months. The town Called Trois Rivieres, or the Three Bivers, is about half way between Quebec and t-Montreal, and has its name from three rivers which [join their currents here and fall into the river St^ [Lawrence. It is much resorted to by several >iiifi Lions of Indians^ who, by means of these rivers^ :;ome hither and trade with iifhabitants.in "teli^i [kinds of furs and skins. The country is pl^Jant^ [und fertile in Corn, fruit, &c. and great iiuinb«'« of handsome bourses stand dn both sides of thif 'rivers. f^. l^'^^HI' Montreal istands on an island in the river §tf.. Laurence, which gives name to it, about half # league from the south shore. Whjle the Frentlh had possession of Canada, both the city and island of Montreal belonged to private proprietors^ who liad improved them so well, that the whole island Was become a most delightAil spot, and prle events which his** tory records of this country, is the earthquake in th€ year 1663, which overwhelmed a chain of mountains of free-stone, more than 300 miles lopg| and changed the immense tract into a plain. ■'"■ ^ NOVA SCOTIA and NEW ' BRUNSWICK. SITUATION AND EXTENT. Is about 350 miles long and 250 broad, lies t^:;* tv/een 43 and 49 north latitude, and between 60' and 67 west longitude, and contains 57>000 squa^e^ miles. ! ' Boundaries.-^^oysL Scotia, or New ScptlancI, in the original and more extensive application of the iia^e, is bounded by the river St. Laurence , f8 GUIDE Oi? m-^ iC' ■■■. provinces ot governmants, viz. Nova*ScbtiaTVd-» per, and New Brunswick. Nova Scotia Proper is a peninsula, joined to the continent by a narrow isthmus, at the north-east extremity of the bay of Fundy : it is separated on the north-east from Cape Breton island by the gut of Canso; on the north it has a part of the gulf of St. Laurence, and , tlie straits of Northumberland, which divide it from the island of St. John ; on the west 'it has New Brunswick, and the bay of Fundy ; on the South and south-east the Atlantic Ocean. Its length is about 235 miles from Cape Sable on the 8outhf.west, to Cape Canso on the north-east. Its extreme breadth is 88 miles; but, between the li^ekd of Halifax Harbour, and the town of Windsor, - It ia. only about 22 miles broad. It contains ^a7i9,000 acres. . JCew Brunswick is bounded on the westward of the rivaiv St. Croix, bv the said river to its source, iand by a line drawn due north from thence to the simthern boundary of the province of Quebec ; to the north.ward by the same boundary as far as the western ^trcmity of the Bay de Chaleurs ; to the eastward by the said bay to thegulf of St. Laurence,^ t;p the bay called Bay Verte; to the south by a line in tlie centre of the bay of Fundy, from the river St. Croix aforesaid, ta the mouth of the Mus* quat river ; by the said river to its source, and from thence by a due line across the isthmus into the Bay Verte, to join the eastern lot above des* cribed, inclufliug all islands within six leagues of the coast Nova Scotii is divided into eight counties, vi$^' Halifax, liantS; King's^ Annapolis^ Cumberlfflidl^ n 'AMl^RICA. I? aurence. Sunbury, Quecn*s, Anil Luncnbutg. ' These are 'ividcd into abov^ 40 townships. JBiverj.— The principal rivers in New Bruswick e St John's, which is navigable for vessels of fty tons, about sixty miles ; and St. Croix, which' divides this province from the district of Maine, in the United States, The river of Annapolis, inf/ Nova Scotia Proper, is navigable fifteen miles for vessels of 100 tons. Metals, MineraLf.'^Coviper has b9€» found at ape b'Or, on the north side of the basin of linas, and there are mindaof coal at Cumberland; nd on the east river^ Hftich tails into Picton arbour. Lakes, — The lakes are very numerous, but haver ot yet received particular names. '^M Clijnate. — The climate of tliis country, though ^^Iwithin the temperate zone, has been found rath*ir constitutions. 4wnfavourable to European areAvrapped up in the gloom of a fog duringgmt part of the year, and for four or five monthc It is intensely cold ; but, though the cold in winteiy and the i. eat in summer, are great, they come 00 gradually, so as tc prepare the. body for endurii^^ both. . , Soil anaProduce^'^^Trom such an unfavourable climate little can be expected. Nova Scot*%, ob jSfew Scotliand, till lately, was almost a continued fo»€^ J and agx iculture, though attempted by the English sf Uliers, made little progress. In most partSj the soil is thin and barren, the corn it pro-. du<;es ia of a shrivelled kind, like rye„ and tli6 grjMi^ intermixed with cold spongy moss. How-i ^e^^ia iK)l uniformly bad ; there are tracts m ■^V; „',, r.- fit GUIDE TO the peninsula, t6 the south ward« which do nol. i^ielu to the best land in New EngUind . and^ by ^e industry and exertions of the loyali^ ^rom the tkher provinces, are now cultivated^ ^^ likely to be fertile and flourishing. In general, the soli i& adapted to the produce of hemp and dux. The timber is extremely proper for ship-building, and produces pitch and tar. In the new settlemeuts,. and bay of Fundy, a great quantity of land has been cleared^ which abounds in timber. iliti»|tf/>.— -These provinces are not deficient in | the animals of the neighbouring countries, par^ ticttlaily deer, beavera> and otters. Wild fowlj, and* all manner of game, and many kinds of £u- leopean fowls and quadrupeds, have, from time to time, been brought into it, and thrive well. At thj^ clbse of March, the fish begin to spawn^ when ^y enter the rivers in such shoals as are incredi- h}e^ Herrings come up in April, and the sturgeon and salmon in May. But the most valuable ap- pendage of New Scotland is the Cape Sable coAst^ dong which is one continued range of cod>fishing luttiks, navigable rivers^ basins, and excellent barbours. Population. — The whole population of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Islands adjoin- ing, is about 80,000. Chief Towns. — The capital of Nova Scotia Pro- per, is Halifax, whidi stands upon Chebucto Bay, very commodbusly situated for the fishery, and has a communication with most parts of the piro* vince, eithei^ by land- carriage, the sea^ pr n«yiwns have been raised: as l^helburne, which eik# mds two miles on the water-side, and is said ti^ >ntain already 9000 inhabitants. Of the 6\$^- ^ttlements, the most flourishing and populous ari^ Talifax, and the townships of Windsor, Norton^ id Cornwallis, between Halifax and Annapolis/ If the new settlements, the most important iire ihelburne, Barr-town, Digby, and New- Ediii«i iurgh. Large tracts of land have been lately cul* ivated, and the province is now likely to advance population and fertility. The chief towns of' New Brunswtcl^, are St. [ohn's the capital, Frederic^town, St. Andrew's, id St, Ann. jTrarfff-— The amount of imports from Grea^ Friiain to this country, at an average of thtee l^grs, before the new settlements, was about $&plif The articles e)qported in exchange ta^ ■i, OS GUIDE TO m.- timber, And the produce of the fishery, attioutitji to .^8.0001. Historij and 5'p/y his |^ Idiscoveries on this Western Continents spifuid through Europe, and inspired many with th,6i9ptf|li; of enterprise ; for as early as I496/ four yeatiB ii^ ifler the discovery of America, John Qabd^: li l^enetian, obtained a commission from Heni^ Yl)' io discover unknown lands, and annex tbem' w the crown, he was followed by various navigatort [who were sent out by diflTerent interests to settl^ 1 colonies over this vast territory, several a( yirhoxA [gave names to the colonies they planted;. ifibA. others called them after the places they emigirvtot from on this side the Atlantic. The Union comprehends the following states \^ The Eastkhn States — 1. Massachusetts an j the district of Maine. — 2 New Hampshite^-^S; Vermont--4. Rhode Island — 5. Connecticut. * ' Tnie lAwDLi) States — 6. New York — 7, New ^8. ?ennsylvariia-r-9. Delaware— 10. Mary- ': --ri 1'^ :3f«E iSouTiiEnN wSt;\ies— ^^11. Virginia— -t^^ """ % Carolina — 13. South Carolina-^14. Geot^iii* .w ■ GUIDE TO The Western States — 15. Ohio-*l6. Ken* tucky — 17. Tennessee — 18. Indiana— 1 9. Illinob —20. Louisiana^2 i . Missisipi. A chain- of mi^ntains divides the first 14 from the remainder. ^This chain is called the Alleghany Ridge^ and runs nearly parallel to the Atlantic. I': ■"■'.', MASSACHUSETTS. This state is divided into 17 counties, viz. 12 Massachusetts, and 5 called district of Maine, of ijvliich Boston is the capital, the largest town m ^ew^ England, and third in size and rank in the XJhited States. It is hiiilt on a peninsula of ir« jregular form at the bottom of Massachusetts Bay, and is joined to the main land by an isthmus. At .the south end of the town it is upwards of two miles long but of unequal breacith ; it contains ^ipwflrds of 20 edifices for public worship, so that none are at a loss, but can worship his Maker as euits him best. There are likewise several free fichools, besides a great number of private ones; 'the pHce of education from S2 to 100 dollars per annum ; board, &c. from 2 to 3 dollars extra ; schoolmasters free from military duty and taxes. The Harbour is capable of having 500 vessels riding at Anchor in. good depth of water; the shops (or stores, as they are called) have nothing in tht'ir exterior to recommend them, there is not even an attempt at tiisteful display, the linerr and wool leu- drapers leave quantties of their goods loos# on boxes iu the street without precaution agftit^M America. %s theft a proof that the population cannot be vn- employed, or theft would be inevitable ; the shop$ look better in the evening when lighted up, but the cold careless indifference of the shopkeepers is still the same. The houses are seldom let on long leases in the cities of America, the usual period being for one year, taking date from the first of May, upon that day removals are so numerous that the streets have a singular appearance. Situation, <^c — Between 41, 13, and 42, 52, north latitude and 3, 20, and 6, 55 east, longitude from Washington. » Extent, — From the Atlantic on the east to N^iy York, on the west, length 140 miles, breadth from 64 to 100 miles and contains 48,000 squase miles. Western parts mountainous. , ^ i?ei;er*.— The country is well watered hy a num«^ ber of small rivers, of which the principal are th^ Mystic, rharles river, Connecticut, and Merry mac, Metals and Minerals. — Iron ore, in immense quantities, is found in various parts of this state r as likewise copper ore, black lead, pipe-maker*^ clay, yellow and red ochre, alum, and slate.-^ Several mineral springs have been found in dil» ferent parts of the county. Climate, Soil, ajid Produce. — The' climate if similar to that of the other northern states. In the District of Maine the heat in summer is intense^ and the cold in winter extremely severe. In Mas- sachusetts are to be found all the varieties of «oil from very gl iS ^lUIDE TO tx .< :?»'■ field-lieans and peas^ apples^ pears^ peaches^ plurn;^^ cherries, &c. /' * Populaiion.'-^The number Afinhabitatints in Massachusetts was in 1800^ 422^845, and those of the Maine 151,719, making a total of 574,564, but since that period are supposed to have in- creased 200,000 by emigration fVom Europe and the northern parts of Amecica, which being so cold in winter several prefer this state for its milder i;limate. This is the only state in the union in 'which there is no slaves. *!rrecj,— Hills and mountains produce oak, wal* %vlU birch, maple, ash, cedar, cherry, chesnut, jioplar, bitter^nut and box-wood. The plains pro- iillice the vine« Vallies and banks produce elm, rfierry, roapple, button-wood,a'^pen,and bitter-nut^ * JtfiSecU injurious to agriculture are a species of ir^s^hopper: in 1817 they destroyed all herbage. • :; jf^ricuUure.-^V arms from 1 00 to 200 acres, part 't^ltivated, part meadow, and part wood ; average ibip about 28 bushels IndLin corn per acre. -Siyh %own in September average gi-owth 1 2 bushels per Tttcte. . Wheat little cultivated ; it is liable to blight, ■jj^C. aver?<|re about 14 bushels per acre. Oats are ^itjwn for horses. Rye mixed with Indian qorn ^s gobd bread, the stdks of which equal to hay for ciittle and sheep. Every farmer has a good orchard. ^ Cattle — Large. Oxen mostly used in agricul- ture. Horses poor. Swine are large and good. *Sheep rearing now' considerable. Commerce Sf Mantifactttres. -^^Thh state, ixiljliith*] ing the district of the Maine, owns more 9hi(|^Ni[] than any other state, gOO,000 tons being etnp%^| '*■" AMERICA. '^^UL Q7 Tn the fishferies^ coastings and foreign trade. Ex« ports pot and ji^arl ashes, staves, flax»seed, bees* wax, tobacco, ^our, corn, rice, cotton, fish-oil» spermaceti, whalebone, naval stores, turpentine^ and various chandlery and other articles to a very great amount annually. Imports dye woods, piece goods, hardware, wines, spirits, teas, sugar, coffee, ^cocoa, fruics, molasses, indigo, cotton goods, cochi« neal, lead articles, wrought and unwruught iron ware, cheese, hoops, candles, &c. &c. The manu« factures are increasing in cotton goods, paper, oi]| powder, brewers, distilleries, and ship-bailding prosperous, "tvhitesmiths, wrights, and agriculta#ai. labourers have great encouragement in this district* Canals, 4^.— There are various canals cut, t)ie '{bridges some have a toll for horses, &c. ConVei/atice.'^MsLil and other coaches are f^l^,, blished, though the roads generally are very "bt^]^:- the inhabitants not liking to labour on tfal^ri;^^;* pay composition for it. "* '-^^/j Cotn, as has been sai^, are almost always covered ,^lth snow and ice, this county is extremely cold in winter. In summer the heat is great, but of I fihort duration. Rivers and Lakes. — Themost considerable rivers of this state are the Connecticut, Merrimac, Pisca- taqua, Saco. Androscoggin, Upper and Lower Ar- monoosuck, besides many other smaller sti*eams. The chief lakes are Winnipiscogee, Umbagog, jBunopee, Squam, and Great Ossipee. Tree*.— The hills ave covered with pine, oak, walnut, cedar, fir, , poplar, and butter-nut. Rich soils produce beech, maple and red oak ; ii^mle, black, and yellow birc^n; wliite ash, eW, ^4] elder. ^-i^^ \^^^iA.^^ AMERICA. 2ft Ayimahi^^The black bear makes great havbC in the fields of ripe Indian corn. The racoon also liurts the grain. The wolf commits great ravages among the sheep. Plenty of game. Wages — Farm labourers 9 to 12 dollars per month, with food and clothing, and half a pint of rum per day, and 20 dollars without provisions* Mechanics and others l| dollar per day. Agriculture. — This is the great business of Hfe in New Hamshire. They grow wheat, corn, rye, and culinary plants. . Cattle are grazed. Dairies excellent, In good lands the first crops of hay average about a ton an acre, and two tons of clover. Low lands produce from* 40 to BO bizsh^ls^ of wheat per acre ; the uplands one half that i^iia]x« tity. New lands produce from 30 to 40!; i^iu^ela of Indian corn per acre. Every farmer - hiir^ll orchard; the fruit excellent. Farm-hoa$er nijSI and eommodious. Good soils are 4inown bj^|h(e^ , chesnut, walnut, and beech growitig on thfini^ Alder indicates good meadow ground. SMl^ worth 9 dollars an acre, including houses, x^ . ; i C«///e.— Large breed. Horses neglected. Shei^ and swine numerous. I Manufactures, — People prepare part of their oiUtt clothing. Tow cloth, extensive, breweries, iron works, bricks and pottery, gun-powder, spirits extensive, brushes, saddlery, sawmills, paper mi^l^ sugar immense, quantities of which are easily mtsdo from the juice of the maple tree. Commerce.— Exports : Indian corn, live stocky beef and pork, pickled fish, whale oil, ship tim- lier^ t^r, lumber, pot and pearl ashes, tow cloth; MJItCf ^ud cheese, fiax seed and bricks. Imports; -a; -.4 ■if", so GUIDE TO Wtest India profluje, tea, coffee, cotton, cheese, •alt, nails, seacoal, steel, lead, and grindstones, A gc«od fishery. ^anks. — Numerous. Canals numerous for water carriage, /2e/tgiow.— All free. Sabbath strictly kept* denominations are presbyterians, episcopalians^ baptists, quakers, congregationalists, and univef- 'ists. < ' fes-'^'S'^'.y; '<■• '«^. •y ** ■, 3». ''^^'Jh. VERMONT, f^'i^noSes in length and V)5 miles broad, lied Nf^ $Sjiim1 4^ north latitude, and between 7^ ?3iSbrWe«i 'longitude, and contains 10,000 '^^^B^dfmeii^*'-^ is bounded on the north by J^Mrer CanaSa , on the east by Connecticut river, i^llch divides it from New Hampshire; on the ^uth by Massachufetts ; and on the west by New ?^oifk. It is naturally divided by the Green Moun- tain, which runs from south to north, and divides the state nearly in the middle. Its civil division id into eleven counties, of which Montpellier is the capital, a flourishing town, though lately but a village ; Benington \vas the chief town about the year 1786", which contains about 5000 inha- bitants ,* a number of handsome houses, a cdligro- ^tional church, a court-house and goal.. , ■ V Wi.i^dsor and'Rutland are both flourishinf lil^«Nttix the former is situate on the Connecticut ri^ia'^itn^ contains about 3000 inhabitants, the laileir f^ 31 ton, cheese, grindstoaes. rictly kept 3isc()pa1ians^ and univei^- broad, lied between 7^ iins 10,000 p north by cticut river, ire; on the est by New reenMoun- and divides nl division ntpelh'er is 1 lately but own about 5000 inha- i, a<2ditgrc^ L \ latieir 'Um upon the Otto creek, and /contaitfs upMuirdsj^ 2500 inhabitants. j. J: Soil and Produdiomj^^Thh iSikie, generally- speaking, is billy, but not rocky. West of the mountain, from the county of Rutland, northward to the Canada line, is a flat country, well aclapted for tillage. The state at large is well watered, and affurds the best of pasturage for cattle. Some of t lie finest beef^catJe in the world are driven from this state: horses also are raised for exportation. Back from the rivers, the land is thickly timber- ed with birch, sugar-maple, ash, butter^nut/nyid white oak of an excellent quality. The soil is w^U*' fitted for wheat; rye, barley oats, flax, hemp, &e,>v Trade and Manufactures.^-^TYke inhabit^zita!^ this state trade princip^ly with Boston, N«^:^j^ and Hartford. The article of export t^^l^ii^l0^^ ^ pearl ashes ; bee^ which is the princij!^ yir8«^ horses, grain, ^ome butter loid cheese, liit«l(>^ Vast quantities of pot and f^ral ash6^ aiet^ift^|t^ | every part of this state: bitohe of its mQ9X-:^-i^^ portant manufactures is tba^jof maple- siig^^^ has been estimated, by a ^(liii^ii^tent jui^or^ tb|^ the average quantity made for levery famiTy hm^ of Connecticut river> is 2001b. a year. One miipfj^ with but ordinary advantages, in one month, mad^ ^50lb. of a quality equal to imported brcwn sugai^. In two towns in Orange county, containing "no more than forty families, 13,000lb. of sugar we^ inade in one year i% Rivers and Lakes, — Many of the rivers run into ^Connecticut) down which the produce is coqi- 'ife^ci^, or by the way of lakes Champlatji and €>«^^« %Q the Hudson and New York. v^ ■■'-- ,;. ^ tern 32 GUIDE TO i * '■■, NT. . y[inerals,^^r&t% mines, lead and copper. Agriculture is the chief pursuit. Property ii> the soil easily acquired. One hundred acres of land in a new township cost the purchaser not more than he can spare from the wages of one or two years as a labourer. The first crop of wheat will pay all the expenses of clearing, sowing, and fencing ; the lands become worth ten times the (Mriginal cost. All grains flourish, also potatoes, the latter without manure. The swine are sent mto the woods to feed on the falling nuts, acorns, ^e. and grow to a vast size. Average price of knd about six dollars. Banks.'^Tihe Vermont Bank, which has four prpnches #^li0a^.-*--£xceedingly bad ; a man on foot or |b^i»<»baek oannot go more than 2 miles an hour. • i^;Bdigioni^^89 congregational churches, 28bap- |list9 f presbyterians, ej^^isopalians, universalists i^lfiid diiakers, 6 altoge^)3ir There is a Vermont vy^i^uihttfy society, c^W&fly congregational mhiis* RHODE ISLAND. Is 47 miles long and. 37 broad, lies between 41-2(),.and 4^-10, north latitude, and between 71-17, and 71-40, west longitutde, and containat 1,;]0Q >quare miles. Boundaries awi Divisio7t9.''^B.hoi\e Island an^ Eri>vidt?nce Plantations, which together fori^ t^Q tallest of the Uaited States, are bounds Qii(ib«^ v horthi the ticut.! Thl cipal The bay, is a b] large gant Nej llhodJ finest town. I fleet Isle fieven Khod€ Hope, from ^ teen n broad port, andB Rii tions and 1 bay, Cli is as ] wmt« inild< "«aite] '■ • t . AMERICA. «S north and east by Massachusetts ; oh the south by the Atlantic Ocean ; and jon the west by Connec- ticut. : This state is divided into five counties, the prin« cipal towns are Providence and Newport. — The former is situate at the head of Narraganset bay, on both sides of Providence river, over which is a bridge KiO feet long and 22 wide. It is a large and handsome town, containing several el^* gant buildings, and about 64fOO inhabitants. Newport is situate at the south-west end of * llhode Island. The harbour (which is one of the finest in the world) spreads westward before thst town. I'he entrance is easy and safe, and a large v fleet may anchor in it, and nde in perfect securltj^ ^ Islmids, //flr6ot/r*.— Narraganset bay coBJtailif ; . , aeveral fertile islands the princi,pal of wW^^i apiisjj! .^^ Bhode Island, Connecticut, Prudence, fta|i»^itS^'\^- Hope, Dyer's, and Hog Islands. Rhode 14^%%^^^^ from which the state takes its name> is^ 2ibO]CI|t 1^^ teen miles in length, and about three 4in4 i^:^r • ;^^ broad, on an average. Th» harbours 93te,':J^i^^:'y port, Providence, Wickford^ Patuj^et, \Vaf?g||^:^'' and Bristol. ^ ," ^^^^ Rivers, — This state is intersected in all iBi*ee* ' tions by rivers, the chief of which are Providence and Taunton rivers, which fall into NarraganseU ^ bay, Climale, Soil, and Production s.^^^ho^^ Island is as healthy a country as any in America I'he whiters, in the maritime parts of the state, are; inilder than in the inland country, the aji; being '^tened by a sea ;pour, which also enri^||||4he |mt| The summers are delightful^ especia^ ia; f 34 GUIDE TO Ic '/^■f '' liiiM Bhodc Taland, where the extrerae heals, \v1iich prevail in other parts of America, are allayed by cool and refreshing breezes from the sea. This fitate produces rye, barley, oats, and, in some pkrts, w heat, sufficient for home consumption ; and the various kinds of grasses, fruits, and culinary roots and plants, in general abundance, and in per- fection : cider is mad^ for exportation. The north- western parts of the state are but thinly inhabited, and are more rocky and barren than the other 'parts. Miiwmb.'^Tron ore abundant. Some copper tire. Limestone plenty. Some marble and coal. ; :r^ JTrtff/e and Manufactures. — The town of Bristol ^^;;;^^<^ trade to Africa, the West ^■'M'^b^jfii^iwnd to' different parts of the United States ; i^ >1^_^ ^ar the greatest part of the commerce of fii^i^lllpM^^li^^ is at present carried on by the in« 'f^ljmbitiam^-^ the flourishing town of Providence, 1^' '^iTsii had «ome time ago SOO sail of vessels. The ^'<^mp^$ From this state are^ flax-seed, lumber, cheese, ^^> j^iEain, spirit^ eotton, and linen goods. The Jlrfiiei consists ^f\ European and West Indian '^^MS^|l^ and log-wdod from the bay of Honduras, iJpWardfs of 600 vessels enter and clear annually 6t the different ports in the state. * The inhabitants of this state are rapidly improV^ ing in manufactures. • Jeans, fustians, denims, tliicksets, velvets, &c. are manufacUired, and sent to the southern states. Large quantities of lineix and tow-cloth are made in different parts, for ex- portatiiHi I but the most considerable manufac-j tures'i'here are those of iron, such ad liar ain.f) . aheet iron^ steel, nail-rod^ and nails, im{.Imepb r4 AMERICA. 5« %.' ■ •• of husbandry, stoves, pots, and other household utensils \ the iron-work of shipping, anchors, and bells. At Pawtucket, four miles from Providence, are 1 3 cotton manufactories J six of which are on a large scale. They are not the property of indi- viduals, but of companies. They have excellent machinery ; not more than one half of which is, in general, in operation. Children from six to ten years of age, of both sexes, are paid 6s. gd. per week; ditto 11 to l6, 10s. per weefki^j^pniten, 12s.; men, 2Ts. to Sis. 6d. Very few%f the latter are employed, Several of the mahufactoriel' of this place are situated on a fine fall of ^'iM^I 50 feet in length, and passing through ji' fet from 15 guineas to 221. 10s. per acre. A good farm-cart is worth from 7l. to 9I., a waggon from S2i:to2Sl. Cattle, — Horses good but not large. '.Prices, Wajfgon horse 221. 10s., saddje or drawing horse ip.gig horse oS]. 15s. to 561. 5s., carriage ditto to 120/iine riding ditto 9Ql to 1?0L, col Yf'-'' -,■4 ■ ^-n >w-t|tA' ^ GUIDE TO '( * ^■• lean pi. fat 111. 5s. to 13l. 10s., pigs alive Ttl. per lb.» sheep 9s- each, exceedingly small. 30,000 on the island. A sheep fattened 13s. 6d. Wagt8,-^k fanner's man servant from 241. to 50l. a year; ditto woman 1S2L to 1 61. Banks.'^iS in number. Iloads. — Improving greatly.' Packet Boats ply between Newport and New York. Time, fair wind, SO hours. Fare, include ing bed and provisions, 30 dollars. i?(?%io«.— Libert] of concienne has been invi- olably -maintained in this state ever since its first Biettl^ment. So little has the civil authority to do with rtltgion- here, that no contract between a tj^mstfer and a society (unless incorporated for i^iajt*|li«l'po8e) is of any force. It is probably for i^h08^^ipeiasons that so many different sects have ever ]^;^,^unjihere; and that the sabbath, and all '^ll^iou^ institutions, have been more neglected iit t|xi,^ than in any other of the New England '% » ;i.v'.<*^v^&sf.r— A college, called Rhode Island college ^.i^^^^^i^^i^bablished at Providence. It is a spacious ^* '' ^^^jiiStificei and contains upward* of eighty students. It has a library, containing upwards of 3000 volumes, and a valuable philosophical apparatus. Diseases. — Dysentaries will p/evail from eating fruit immoderately in a .warm season, and the neg- lect o( warm clothing when it become^ cold.-* Pulmonary complaints common among young; womea. \,- -^''rf< ve 7tl. per 30,000 ou n 241. to and New re, include jeen invi- ^ its first jrity to do between a orated for obably for 3 have ever 1, and all neglected 7 England CONNECTICUT. •t - H. ' Sifuathn and Extent — L. ngth lOOniilcs, bfeadth ?2 lips between 71-20, and 7"^- > •'' ^e^t lon^iiudpi and between *1 and 42-2 nortli Lititude, and con* tains 4,f)74 aqqare miles. Boundaries. — It is bounded on the n<>Tth by M issaphnsetts ; on the east by Rhode Island ; oit the smith, by the sound which divides it from Long hUnd I and> on tiie west« by the stat^ of New' r'ork. Connecticut — Is divided ihtiji^ight Counties,, untf Contains five Cities, ^incorporated with ^xteii»jye jurisdiction in civil causes Tvo of ttei^ W^ ford and New Haven, are cii^jkaU 6f fteij^ the former is regularly laid, th^ streets {yiif^i^i^^^H^ each other at right angles, fhje oth^r'**''' '"^^ New London, Norwich, and Mlddl^toii. * Climate and A'o//.—- Though siibjec| tremes of heat and cold in their frequent sudden changes, is vcy^- is generally broken land, made u|f hills, and valleys ; and is exceedin|^iy Some parts of it are thin and barren. AgiicuUure.'^The whole state is divided jkV|<>' £arnfi3 of from 50 to 500 acres, holden in*fee iiJtnr pie by the cultivators thereof. Tjj^e productions are Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buck wheat, B fine flax and hemp.' The* uplands wieti ^oanured, give from 40 to 50 biishels of !tid[|a&corn per acre. Ry0 is raised in quantities; 4nd'lOT)pcco thrives well. Wheat produces' 4(1 t^^rfiippr acre, rye 28, barley 45^ maize ftO, oatcf £C^ fi^ 620^bs, grass 4 ton^^ potatoes, puiofipkiji^^ «l OtiroE TO :*•> Iff,., tiirmp»^ p«a8^ OQions> beans &c. Fine applets, peaches, anclcfterries A few silk vorms reared. The vallies and artificial meadows produce two tpni per acre. Cheese and butter are in great plenty. Aricultare is the chief pursuit. Farm- f^ouses remarkable neat. Cultivation like agar* den. Price of land varies. The best lands pro« f^uce chesnuts and walnuts. Second best beecH fcnd white oak. The worst are covered v^tth >9hrttlre 9,7%d berries. < 1% ^'^.-^Horses, neat cattle, and sheep. a?c great nun^l^ers. I'he forpner are slender. and liivers,'— 'The whole of the sea- vj^^en^^d wkh harbours, many of which ^ Ij^^^commodious ; but those of New Lon- !lL^^]^i|ew Haveii are the most important. The ^^ver9 in this state are the Connecticut^ >nick, Thames, and their tranches. f '|fSl?l5|;^^^k» of various sorts, walnuts dittOj^ idlfkll^^, fiiaple diCto^ ash ditto, pine ditto, spruce (jtto^^iili'-^to, wilk>w ditto, poplar ditto, dog* Initio, plamb ditto, birch ditto, mountain '/^C^||^»iM;^^^ button-wood or plane J^ee, ^iNm-beftm, beech, sassafras, alder tulip tree or y[bhe»wood, bass-wvjod, crab-apple, crab-pear, bkek mnlbeirj, locust tliorn, pepperidge, hickery, cherry. Siinert^s.'^imi ore, native silver, lead c^e, i)a« tiYe copper> isnrtpble, coal, &c. Mmnujatiumrg, — Iron ware at Stafford j[^|^* eifisht qUantitiea to supply the state. Irotf ^Ak9 ^t v&iriott9 places Tin ware* Metal bu^rfsM Wntcvbory and Newhaven. GIimbSv -^^^j^ i* tlew^aveii. • v i^, ' ! V,"*» ***s AMERICA. t» ' Cdmmerce.'^Ejrports : live stocic, timber, grain^ iRsh, pork, beef, cider, butter, cheese, produce uf iron and steel manufactures, hay, potatoes, apples^ cider. Imports: rice, indigo, limes, groceries^ fine manufactured European goods. Religion and Education. — $l6 congregationalist churches, 67 baptists, 64 episcopalians ; otlier de« nominations 12. Many religious societies, xx^g* sionary. tract, &c. In no part of the wof^d is t&f education of nil ranks of people mote«^n4M tc{ than in Connecticut ; almost every tai^B iti tli|r state is divided into districts, and eaeh- diftri^t haj| a public school kept in it a greater or l^3«« |»ar^ every year. A thirst for learning prev all raiiks of people in the %tate. Ijfep^^wl? young men in Connecticut, in pr»|i6iii'^^^^''^'~'^^ numbers, receive a public educatiOHi^ of the states. tiV '^' NEW YORK, •V /*■ .'■■W4»-:S&''---''*..iASE? . Situation, — Is 350 miles long and 300 hroaii^'liilf t)etween 4 and 45 north latttude and 73 and i^ west: longVcude, and contains 24,0(M) square miles. Boumiaries.-^ls , bounded on the south an^ south-weet by Hudson's and Deiawafft i^ver8|^ which divide it trom New Jersey and Penntyl«^' yainla/and on the east and north-ea^J»y Ne^ \^^lf»nd and the Atlantic Oceatx:; andFon thi* liia^hp-w^^t by Canada. ; ^0it^ state including the island of New Yai%/ islanct and btaten Islaadi i^4ivid^ 4iM ^ DETG i/fi m twenty tmh counties of which Vew York and Al- \mny are the capitals, the former of which stanrld pfi the south-west end of York Island, which ^1 1^ ejve n\iles lon^, and near thr^e in breadth, well situated for. trade, at the mouth of Hudson's tiver, where it is three miles broad, and |[irf»ves a ttoble conveyance from Albany and many other inland towns towards Canada and the lakes. The City is in length above two miles^ and its mean br^dlh about a mils. Many of the houses are iFC^ry elegant ; but most parts of the town are irre- g»^ly built. A great proportion of the inhabit lliits^ reckoned at 120,000, are the posterity of ^^le butch Families which remained here aftei? ;,ite surrender of the New Netherlands to the ;|iEn|^i^KAlbany contains about 9,000 inhabi-* |K^l|s^,^il iitnaiei^ on a fine river^ at the head ot a ^Cip-tiavigation, surrou Aided with a rich country^ ||tt#?tjie store-house of* the trade with Canada and iM it cannot- "btkt ikrurish in wealth ^d j^^e^iu^ce. ; f ;||m/T— West of thfe Aljp ttfbuntfiins level ; eiE^t hilly Coast sandy. Interior rich, black pNf^l^fteddish loam and friable clay : yields grkin 40^ il*Hit i^ abundance - , Climaie.iT-'Thh prpvince enjoys, a favouraldl^ IcH^peratui'^J of climatie* * The air is healthy ami rees %^\i almost every constitution. Thougl^ leittce ofihe country is low, fiat and marshy, tor Var^s the sea, i/^s you recede from the coasts th^ '^e ill entertaijTiBd with the graduaVs Welling of:4b small c]j[tt6 ^ ;• 7^i: M^ (S ti .■-¥. GUIDE rq rkt njii saw mill 1 000, gypsum * doHars pjer lon^ i^d. from 2 to 100 dollars per s^cre purehaaQ Jbney. Comiwer<;e.— The situation of New York, witli lesp^ct^ to foreign markets, has decidedly the pre- l^rence to any of the states. It has at all seasomi of ilie year a short atid easy access to the ocean.. It cbmWands the trade of a great proportion of thet l^st-osettjejl and bestrcultivated parts of the United' Stales. The commodities in vhicH tl>ey trade are ^heat, flour, barley, oats, beef, and other Hinds of 4^mah food; besides horses, cattle, &c. Near ]t^P stQ^ packets apd other boats are engaged ^^1^ cot^veyance or articles from Uys city regvi- TitmI-ji;— Nun^rous. Authorized to issue paper ^^br^ times the amount of their capital. W!pl'^Mks.'-*£lQp would set up a cibinet makei? ^^^^i^A timber merchant wants £ 1 000. A mas- ^£:>flnt8 from ^50® to £2000; profits Jl^^ler wants from £5000 to £10,000* fcii^ |jp|cuM ^ J fv V v^rpr^9^^^y^^^ carpenters 7». , lO^d. per !^;f.^ A i|»sbn % 5d do ; bricklayers •)8. ; cabi^ ;^(j^mfti«tr|^ and get about 36s. per w^ek|;'|^^' isarn Irpm nGs. to 54s. pei; Week, a^ttct j^l^^ printers' work mostly done b:)^ myk; usfcfs at schools badly paid^ Labourera j^sJ^./ fm3 upiTW"ds. ' I "^ iVj?v£»o>r«,^EjcceUe»t feeef per ft. H^i^Ut^^ 'rnt|t|<^n %l 1^ 5^d„ ve4 ^d. to 6|||.,.pork;||8t ip a(ly >Wam and bacon fjA, to 1 0^^.^ JfowJs '^j Jo^iu i^. pr i Ijd., a loaf c^ IToz. 3^d., mustard 38. to 4s. per ib., table be^Jr ^ gaihons for Js. 7d., ak ^^dt-per ^uar|^^bi!^^|i!^ 7d. wine me^re, ,a 9 gallon cask 24s. 94a>^P{^ lOd. a peck, brown spgar 7d. to Is. 4e||ig29«r tailors charge £?. 2s. fcwr a fi»e ^icSaa^ls^ iM^if^^^oods are cheaper. A good hat 458. ^^ '* " '' '^^Orthodox worli^ in reqiiest. £ng)isli ^d pp^ry the chief articles of sale >; thiiQf ^dy repiinted. Books are dear. IOJi%-— Che denomMations are Englts^ fil^ftMi; .' DttUii itiattaed, . C9ngr^tiv»i>£mii|fL >v^.y. ■>?■*** k*'!./' 4« GUIDB td ^•4 V episcopalians, quakers, methodists, baptists, Ge»% ihan Lutherans, Momvians, Roman catholics, sha* , kers, Jew8, universal friends, anabaptists, Scotch Cameronians. Presbyterians and episcopalians ihost numerous. Baptists have between three and four hundred churches in the state ; ministers supported by voluntary contribution; tax ou p<;ws or lands* IS, C^; r FV LONG ISLAND. Is ^n important part of the state of New York* • Mjtlenlky^XSO miles long, 8 iniles broad. <• jScm/."'--- a rich warm sand. j^C/itw^rfe.—- Fine frosts in winter. , Hot summer. JptieQiarkabK healthy. "'■■'^!it^'^t>0 sorts of oaks, walnut, plane, liickery, 4^1^it^t; tulip triee ; cedar, sassafras, wild cherry, 4^310^ #[^hards of apples, pears, and cherries. "*^ jl^hj^^#*^.--.is the occupation of the people.* Tpir^rciiduclions are ruta baga or Sweedish turnip, llQH^il^n corn, cabbages^ potatoes, which are sold " *«* Indian Corn in its ripe seed state, consists of an ear, wtticfi1« in the Bhaj#e of a apmccfir apple. The grains, each ^nhMils about the bulk of the largest marrow flat pta^^ ate plfic^d all round the stalk, which goes up the middle, and thifj J^ttk stalk, to which the seeds adhere, is calM lh« Vxjrn Cob. Some of these ears (of which from .ql)ieM;j^r ^ow upon a plant) are more than a foot long: a'n^%imy% Sdjen mjin-Vi each of which weighed more than tighteiHi^i^S^ avoirdupoita weight. They iu*e long or short, heavy <#| '^ J^ocofding to the land and tl|^ culture. Wheat* ir^ ; and barley are called grain : the ^UueriCans caU thU. %'ti$ of cujmii»6iic«. " ^ ' ^^ t ^AMBRICA^ a/^riqk^/ n «t New York. ' From December '\si May not a speck of green. In June all appears like £nglan4 fn-thnt nftonth. Commerce,— The ships mostly employed in thfr whale fishery. { Inliabitants, — Sober, temperate, industrious. . Z^«rf.— Far from towns € or S dollars per acre ; near towns, 4 or SOO Farming land, within (JO miles of New York, wiA houses, &c., wortli 60 dollars per acre. >« Labour. ^^ A good farm«1ahoaref has g5l. sterlingr a year, and his board and lodging ; a day labouref a dollar a dny ; a woman 111. sterling per year^ American. labourers will mow 4 acres of gfain> o* ^ acres and a^ialf of grass. They work ax^hole day from sunrise to sunset, the daya at LonjE^ Island are long. Most labourers can use ah aw^' a saw, or a hammer. Domestic men 8e^mtt^h0§ sol. a year, wom't^n ^Oj. . Renis, — Highin the chief town** Proi;^yio7i*.-^Bread ^d. lower thsin in fl^'l^il^ pf Englai^, Mmtr&nd poultry onelialf tii^^^^i. ,^ don price. Cheese 7d. d^ lb. Groceries hatf^pt^.^t^ English prifee. Fish abundant Eruit al<^j^^|- th« English J>rice. Home-brewed ate.2d# iiT^i; quart, ^C. ■. .:^,-,-{<^q-'.'.ff^ ■ ' Clothes. — Wearing apparel not so cheap as iit Englalid, Wage« a*e high> leather for shi^m'iiot tmi^ ;- . . , . .;i , . i?.| ^ i6 GUIDE rb NEW JEREY. ¥i Sif nation and Extent. — Is l60 mites longf and to broad, lies between 59 anci 4U24« degrees north tattitiKie, and 74-44 and 75-33 west longitude, and contains 8,;^20 square miles Boundories^-^^lsboixnded on the west and south* west by Delaware river and bay, which separated it from the states of Penf^sylvania and Dilious and intermitting fevers prevail in aiitumir. -/i0rkHllure,'^FBTimng the chief occttpdi^iiin* Sl|l'p|)s are of wheat, rye, Indian cori^ oais^ |^l^^ puckw^^ BaXy and potatoes. Frnnous l||r i^^ The Hessian fly sometimes hurts tfir i^utter an4 cheeae sold in great ^uiintitiiai^ .f^^ A ,1 ^ ^^7/>^ fAMERICA. 7 A/iWf//ac/Kr^.-Farnier8 make their own clothing. There are also linrge manufactories of woollen and cotton articles, leather, glass and paper ; also iroxii potters' ware, gunpowder, and paints. A large shoe manufactory at Newark. Tanneries. Co7nmerc€.''-^Eaports : live cattle, fruit, iron, butter and cheese, hams, cider, flax-seed^ leather^ lumber. Imports inconsiderable. 7?^/fgfo;t.-*-Fre8bvteri^, Dutch reformed epi&- ^topalians^ bajitists, metlwists, congregationalists^ quakcr8» * PENNSYL VANiA- jUiiuaHon and Extient.^s 2190 miles Ido^ ) l56 broad, lies l>etween 74 and 80 west longitii long! snd $9 and 4^ north latitude, ^^^^^ ^^j.^ •quarc miles. ' /• llSfe'^-^-Vi, Baumiariesi-^Sew York and Ipp Jr " ■■''^ " tiorth ; by Delaware river, whicli ry, andapi^:^ Virginia, on the west , j JXptswns.'^l^ divided into twtBty three cmxii* tiei oi* iyjiicb Harrisburgh, is thje capital, wid) I^;^ <»i{r^^|i^^^^ of thcvn consld^i'ab^ ^i^tif^iaid in population* They each ei>iitfl%j| \ 'l^'lN^portion of excellcnl brick buildlxigSx is^' ^jipi^ erections of market houses^ gotils^ i^4 '"^""'jl^^idl evincing an extent of nati(»ial pr<% 401 Ady^cemtiit toward^ fiur^^et^ » • t^ M .'■■'-. E-L'-t \ I-.- t - -■ ki - . 48 establiflliTpents truly extraorrlinary, wfien we re^ collect that tiiis is a coiintr- which may be Sijid to be but of yesterday. The German character is very prevalent throughout this State. The original language is still preserved, and there are «ven native Pennsylvanians who cahn6t speak the English language. A'oi/.-^Every kind of 6oil in the stJite ; much of the land is excellent. Iphe poorest soil is near the sea. In the south wd north- w*;»t and in all the vallies is a black mould of rich loam/lrtJd ex- jfcremely fertile. In the new forest land are several inches of black mould. THe farmers are mostly Germans. Jn Lancaster, Berk», L^anon, and Dauphin counties, the soil is dxcelient. C/ffii«/e.— In spring, the tiois1;jure of BrJ^t^n ; •S^ileitYier the heat of xifrica ; in Jun^ the teififee* W Italy'; in autuimn the sky of Egypt ; ih Wtiler l/ii00l6^ and coM of NorMray," and tfie id Vof ||«Ki^ ev^ry seasgn tb? tempests of thfe Wfe#|^i§?:*Bd the nfionthly varj§ bU^ witids and ^eattife^iCfiriat Briti^n. The climate is generally j ' Mver^.-.-The Susquehanhafh, jrfifch ri«e^ iii Ne^ York, rwiir across this'state. Ships of^l2o4 tons ascen^ to Philadelpbij^ I^^' pniles from the y^k^ ujp the Delaware river. 7 hr j|fli?ghan|y ind McHrtongahela are also important riyiEft^ - Minetials.^^lrofti Gjre, ciopper, Md^ Wad! j||Li£ flini;^ate, fihee stp^e, linae, inarbliB, cbal;'^ ^ ' 5fVefi *-^aki chesnfit, bcjedh; stigar iii )»lkck walnut, Imo^ tvood, eitti, hicl^r^^^iH btt^ernut; 1ife*nh)ck, locust, pine> k^, %i^ ^^k0»9r p«pa%5 " umbreHar. \f%e^' d^*?* walnut, linden^ and,.maple« indicate ffdol) .r,^ r^ " "V^ . !., 4»VSii'Ba,; TUMERIC*. 4P />!#(«/«.— The coterpill«r« huit the leaves of trees. I'he ^rass or meadow worm is troublesome and ilestructive. An inject hurtful to peas 16 Xound ; also the Heswan fly. DUeasex — Fheumatism and pleurisy. The 6r8t 4t the stge p^ 18 or 20 Jbecpn^es chronic, and only fields to change of climate. s* yf^'ncv/^ .ijfd also brandy mtiCe, from peachj^s^ .A new.fifi^ ;wag^o9 costs ) Op dollars.: .A neWvfii^ii^^jqMtt^ XjrQod.larid produces 25 bushels of ijr' ' " " Ca//fe;^The breed of hors^^ 'tt ^at6s.^-.A good cart horse co^^i ^dollars, a good cow from 15 to SO, :%it 0it draft 60. Mules, which are scarce, 14?S.t j^'ei^tern countks a iarm horse 60, 9Com 1$' 2^^ hv, back as 1810 there were, horfses 2t5,^^Si,J[f^ cattje 6l^,d9a> sheep 6 1 8,283, of these i^a? %|^ Wflrinos^, ■ ..- , ^"^ : -.l-i?;; - ^^0»ufachtres,^-^Y avmers prepare their utaclo?Jes, lead, glass^^ pottierW! " **^^ " '^lij^r iCttnpowder mills, salt manufa^oriBB^ j^ini, blue, brick kiln9< slate c^wxi^^iti^ li^veral companies for making steam '^ ^! •^> .:(•.* IfC' • v.--i. , fO GUIDE TO Commree,'^Expi)rts : bismits, wheat, bean< And other ^nvin- Beef, pork, hams, bacon, and venison. Ikes wax, tongues, butter, and dieesc, (leer and other skins, live stock and horses, flax- seed^ iron utensils, lumber, soap and candles. Imports : wine, gin, rum and sugar ; teas, Dao* keens, duck, &c. " . ; Banks. — There are several rich banks. Rents. — At PbiladelpMi 25 percent lower than ^t New York. 'Wffgc^.— Labourers have fiom 4s. 6d. to 5s. 7|<1 Jay, females from 4s. 6d. to ^s per week, with Men servants 548. to 678. 6d. per month, penters earn 31s. 6'd. to 40s. 6d. per week, and , y «ifK^K from aunrise to sunset ; cabinet makers 3(ils» ^^to44^; bricklayers Sis. 6d. to 45s.; tinmea $7*. io 45s. ^ shoemakers 31s. 6d. to 40s. 6\1. ; iiKillers 3l8. 6d. to 45s., not a good business; ills. ()d. to 45s., bad trade ; tailors 4^s^ 6d., business variable; printers 6d., employment uncertain. C^Mfiiifti^^^jboes costs 139 Gd. to 158. 9^. per d ; best hats 40s. 6'd. ; superfine coats rl*. 6d. ; labourers and mechanics live well. -" ' < Tmdes.'^X brewery might succeed with A l»pttal of from 10 to 15 thousand pounds; also MiJjoxAotk shopkeeper with from 3 to 10,0001. Taxes. — On a house worth ISOl. per annum IGl. ^Provisions' — Wheat 71 8^. to 98. lld^ per Biishel; at Pittsburgh a dollar per busbtl ^ C0hJ| j|t ditto 4d. per biishel ; porter at ditta 'quart; at Phikdelphia beef 5|d. per Ite^; 5id. to 4d., Veal 5\d. pork 5^d. to 7d. ' WUdy burtir lid. to flQd., ^ees^ Sf^^^, CJ AMEUrCA. i\ dkto l6cl., fish 21. to 6|(]. per lb., onions Idd. per peck, potAloefl Ss 4^(1. per bushel, cabbages 2^d, eiich, fowls Is. to 2s. 3(1., chicks Is. 8(1 to ^s. 3d., geese 3s. ^^d. to 4s. 6(1. turkeys 5s. 6d., strong beer 20d. per gallon, apples 5s. I^d. per bushel, flour 10 dollar^ per barrel of 19() pounds, dipt candles lOd. per lb., moulds Is., moist sugar Qt^^ to fjd., lump Is. to is. 5d., tea 4s, 6d. to ps , soap 7d. to lOd., chocolate ifd. to 20d. raw coffee lOd. 4o 13^d., Liverpool salt 3s. 4d. per bushel, loaf ^( 2lb. 2oz. 5}d , Indian corn per bushel 48. .^.^ buck- wheat flour 48. 6d. Mechanics give '^o^ 13s. 6d. to 15s. 9d. per week for board and loctg^^ ing. Moderately respectable lodging costs 20f. j^d, to 27:*. ; gerteel ditto 3 Is. ()d, tp 54s. B6si i^;Sgr:..' charge ^s. per day, exclusive of beer and iic^Q^i^'''' Religioji. — Presbyteriaus, Germjin Catvitnji||( German Lutherans, quakers, episcopalians^ jb^^ tK^ts, Roman catholics, Scotch presit)yte^!iEi|t^ Moravians, free quakers, aniversaliaie^ VO^d* ^aiiters, Jews, methodiatSi, ; r : ^i DELAWARE. fSluation 4* Extent--^ Is is 92 miles long, iWd ^4 miles broad; lies -etween 38-20 and 3<)«54 Roith latitude, and between 75«2.and 75-18 West ,1l>i}gHode, contains near 2000 square mifes. ,l^tloilk4^'i€s,^^-^T>!e\AwaYe is bounded on the east Tiver and bay of the same name, and^^ ■io: jG^^n ; on the i>orth, by ^ennsylvaiA* ; ^pi^^iith and west by Maryland. It i» '4 ' 4: diviJeaJnto three counties: of .Inch Dover i, t* capita], thh it contains bwt about 200 housea. jKiocrj.'— Npt very large or deep, some of them havigable for vessels of 60 tons for 30 miles. ' Altffak avd Minerals.'^-There are few minerals in this state, except iron : large quantities of hog iron ore, very fit for castings, are founu in, Sussex^ county, among the brancl^ps of Nanticoke river. Climaie, — Generally speaking unnealthy, front ihe marshes and swampy groutid with which itf ftbounds. ^: yfgrimliure.'^Wheat the staple production. In- dian corn, barley, rye, flax, buck- wheat, potatoes oiJ in great abundance. " ' Manufactures ''-^Iron, powder millfi, wir«, wool, ^ttoa, fiour. Distilleries, breweries, j^aper, snuff*, jN&pe. C^f^TiMrce.-^Exports : flour, iron, paper, and i^>'' m " " fc|wA#^*^Stjperfin,e cloth f rem 7 to 9 dollars I nianufactu,«jd cloih, clean wool, from 2 to 3 dollars peryard« kVa^^s.-^Boys and girls in tsotton manufactories^ 2 dollars per week. lieligion, — Hresby teriap,s, epi8c<^pfdians, quakers/ baptists, Sweciish methodists. ^^ ^ MARYLAND. iSnVtfa/ioit.-^Is 1.14 miles long and 1 }0 v^iw«p^9]^ lies between 7^ and 80 wsst longitude, af#l'<|ii Iween S8 and 40 north laiitude^ «mIx €0|»rtter 14^(H>0 square m^ee. •4i -A . ^ n t' ^ 1> '^ ^-Saui fkorth ; Ocean, and by DivL bay of the wea Capi timore, ^oiL' sea mai The m< ington. Climi vated, i of Fran remark the lar| this sta Mini per, le Tre' magno] cypresj wine Thc\ Hotice. agreeaj ^italitj ilit?;eii a; ■ ■"^'I M -BottwirtWe^.-- .Bounded by Pennsylvani*, pn the fkorth ; by tiie i>elaware state, and the Atlantic Ocean, on the ea^t^ by Virginia, on the south; and by the Apalachian mountains, on the we^t. DimiVm.— It ik divided into two parts by the bay of Chesapeake, viz. 1. the eastern; and^ 2. the western division. Capital. — Annapolis, but the largest city is Bal* timore, which is highly commercial. 6W.— Varipus, but, generally rich;^- near thf^ «ea marshy, but interspersed with rich meadow^ The most fertile counties are Frederick and Wa^« ington. Climate — Mild, eastern shore unhealdiy> el^ vated, and the climate of this state in^aembka tH»ir of France Western parts htaltli^. . ■^t'he de^ka) remarkably healthy. 0^g^ Bays and Rivers. — The Chesapeake^ whicll j^ the largest bay in the Uni'^ad States, nms^iiivij^ 4^: this state ; it has nqnierous navigable bfiin^i^ ^ Minerals.'-^lron ore in abundance^ native is&fhi }^ per, lead. _ --^.^^ jTrf "^.— -Oak, walnut, ash, hickery, chesmit^«J|fJv magnolia, Andromeda, pine, sassafras, poplar,^ /^ cypress, wild grapes near the sea, which yield wine four gallons to the bushel. • *. 77ie Character and Mayinets of ihis state deserve »otico. The inhabitants are distinguished by their agreeable manners, and theit- kindness and hos*- ^i. , K* ','' V AgricMlhtrel'-'^y^heat, Indian com, and tobaft^, lij^i;t|ie .sta|i)e crops. Rye and oats are grown* t Yiiei^^t potatoe thrives ; and the apples, pears, pluina^ aiid peaches, are of a good quality. t in^tts,^-^'Lhe Hessian fly hurtful to the crops m^«^8 th^y are sown late. • Manufaelurcs. — Iron, glass, gunpowder, salt,- EBTarble, pottery^ tobaxico, oil, beer, starch, and hair ^wder^ paper, sugar, snuff, rope, chocolate, wheats' H0ii mmm minor concerns. Saw-mills, distilleries, 4^[' -■■ -i '■' ;*'^^pJifi'rce.f-!«^£a^W*.- wheat, ^ur, corn, to* l^ii^l^ flax seed, beans, pork, and lumber, seftt ta * 03^^i^Jl^^*,:iuInip6ris: tby gooos, hardware,. 1|^|^jq^ri^,>suga^ l^iff«ii/r«^^Foiurtec^ * J^c%»o«.-^CAtholic8, episcopalians, presbyteri-i l^difiii^iads^'lJaptiBts^ methodistS; Swedenborgians, ti^^^AJOie fiareign and minoi* deiioniinations. The^ Ase suppifft^ by voluntary subikuip-^ J , , f-,- VIRGINIA. 'ihaiioH, 4*C'- — la 4>i>6 miles long and j294 mileft^ broa^'l, lie9 between 76 and tSS i«(reac hxif^xi&e, 4nd betMfeen &6 and 40 north iaiituck^ ai l^ins 70,000 square miles, ^ BQundaries.'^Bounded by Maryland^ Peni^rjyioift, and the Ohio river, on tlir^^ ^ by the Atlantie Ocean, on the eastjl^'l^iiyjf' Cm>Ufia, o» the scmth ; and br^ lUnUdut^ #»|i|^ 551 •^ D/^if&ff.-*- Virginia is cKvidefl mto 82 counties, of which Richmond is tiie capital. ' pahanock river, tli«>ftli^li^ mac ; ^me minor rivers, and Chesa^^«k«^l^^^ /;(^ -»^ '. '*:m Mi9iemU.Uon prej gokl, ahtitnony^-li ochres, coal. ' • - r:, > -rv%v Trees — Apple, crab, ash, aspen, b^eclt^^%f&i|^^ catalpa, i^erry, che$nui;-cucuml>er ti*^ l^^^^'''' dogwood, elder, ehnt^feiWthorn, hicfcery,.^^^!©!^? ii»den, rri^e, mulben-y, oak, pine, plane, popi lar, sassafflp, walnut, and some others. R$sp^ berries andJjto wherries glow naturalUr; FttM treesjuof aJiSMfcvery kind . ' 1 ^ •^^^■^'V^ HBf turkies in ahun^lance, Vi^6%l^n| ItO^J^ to JU^Ioands. ..^ ^^NRlWl^^.'1'he wood-tick or leed-tlck^fe ve?^^ littbiluiHne U> mm and beast. Its bite Vei*y ini ^^■ my. The. insect destroyed "" by J^ai^ waineiro«3 ia this stal^ A-'ri-;l ifi'* y* m «.%•" ■ ' te GUIDE TO M. . Jgricuiftire,"— Tobacco and ladian com arc largely cultivated on the eastern side of the moun-r Jains. Also white buckwheat, hemp, and cotton, in >?oon^derable quantities. During the whole winter, from the state of the weather, farmers can plou«fh four days out of seven. The Hessian fly injiirious to the wheat. t Cattie are fattened in great numbers for the^ eastern market. Merino sheep much raised. Hoga raised in the woods, where they feed on acorns. ^ Manufaciures,'"W oo\, flax, -and hemp/ making fapid progress. Also gunpo^f der, saltpetre, and lilf^/'oi!, ftpirits, breweries, cabinet wares, flour, teaper, tobacco, rope, wheat, ^ugar, tanneries, &c. " C Minei. — Saltpetre, and lead, ^ ,0 * XJommerce inconsiderable.. Exports : ''wbacco, ivheat, Indjan corn, lumber, tar, pitcli, turpentine, fceef^ pork, &c. >^'^>Jj-«-Good. '^x^i^ioit.-— Presbyterians, episcopalians, Roxnan IDidioIics, baptists, niethodists. KORTH CAROL fsitt(aiion^nd Extent, — Ts 450 aisles long an A 180 broad, lies between 76 and 83 decrees ^est longitudej^ and 34> and 37 north latitude, is tf4,^() square f|>ijef. hotmlj^ies. — By Virginia on thcnbrth; by lii<^ Alkutic Ocean on the eait ; by South Cit;FC^ii|i w^st. Divil district] 18 tlie Soil Climi lihe mo| peraturl night* Rivet Mine Jnha\ thoujEfii Di«i trid fev Mani paper, 1 Jgrii oorn, ai Cotrn tur^m p6rk> 1 plants, Cam Belii m^tbdf niu&^r .♦•■ .A. ■<.'• ..V' MS. AMERICA*^ ^i//l— Mostly swampy* ' C/»7Wtf/i?,— Etcept in the npper country nndef^ llie mountains^ unhealthy. The changes of tem«» peratnre «.r(e sudden and frequent. Often cold nights and hot daysr * Eivers,~^MsLny small navigable rivers, J .A/l/iern/^.-^f i'on ore^ ^6ld^ limestone. tflhaftiianU. ^-^Dissipated, litigious^ ig:,jrant;^ thou^in most parts hospitable. Di^4^#.'<-^Intennitt^, inflamatory/ afnd friK trid fevers. > ]A/an j^^if/mti.^^Gunpowder^ salt, irotti \0^ paper> ro^e^ ■-i- ' ..^'/i..; ,,•, Jgriculiur0,-^Gt(iBt qaamities of rice, i.|i||i^i^,., turpentine, lumber^ Indiaii corn, cotton; t^«i^^^^ pork^ lard, tallow, beeswax, metlidnal rQOts> M»jb plants, &fc. > CaW^ fbr Con!tmerce fh abundance. " ^ i?e/igfo«.-^Pre&byt€rians, Moravians, tp^igtf^y tnethodists. Mid baf>ti6ts. The twc» last inoe(' ntun^roiis. ^ ■* t^ SOUTH CAROLINA, % , ^:,i$iiM/tbai and ExieiiL — Is 200 miles Itaig^anA y.V' m a^ GUIDE TO I ^^- --^ K«.t.^-v-:.f V'l •■ ■. fi, .vs. t25 broad, lies between 32 find 35 degrees nbrtll latitude, and 7« and 8i west longitude, contuina gO,000 square miles. Boundaries and X)2t;w/o«j.— Bounded by North Carolina on the north : bv the Atlantic Ocean oa tnie east ; and on the south and south-west by the Savannah river, anci a branch of its head-waters^ called Tuffulo river, which divides this state fronflc Georgia. South Carolina is divided into nin« diB* tridts, and 38 counties, of which Columbia is the capital. Soil, — All sorts are mei with, and the face of na- ture ^exhibits a greater variety than any oth|| state, C/«?wo/e.— Summer heat intense, NoxilEn va*^ jpours in July and August Bilious ievers and Jll^er diseases. Winters mild. ' i^lifii«er^.---The Savannah, one of the finest of the American rivers, runs through this state^ navig« fior^ 250 ttiiles for vessels of 70 tons. 9fmief--Near the waters are beech, willow, ash^-^ «to^ iH^^ birch, walnut, hickery ; in swamps the i^i^jDNfs, bay, maple, and tupelo. Pine trees, el- t^fefs^ chsnuts. Snake root. Pink root in al)un- 4^ncc, and other medicinal roots. In most of the southern ptates are the same trees, with cherries, cedars, cucumber trees, gum, iron wood, laurels^ linden locust, maples, oaks of all sorts, 21 in nunb* ber; sassafras, tifljp tree, umbr^Ua ttee, walnut tree, &c. D«W*e^.-^Bi1ious and intermittent ftvers fof three months in autunxxi^ consumption^ wi H^rious.and frequent; 'V. W^^K i» /n^^dlf/^it^^.'— Elegant, polite, and hospitable to strangers. Slavery carried on in this state. * Newspapers. — Three daily and two weekly pa* pers published at ('harleston, and several others elsewhere in the state. Agriculture of late yoars considerably attended to. Cotton, rice, Indian corn, tobacco, wheat> rye, barley, oats, are the produce. The plough is much used in the middle and upper coimtiy. In the lower the principal instruments are^hjpfioe and the spade. Land is on an average fromJ|to 40 dollars per acre. |^ Maigfactures. — Iron works, oil mills^ whe^t mills, flaxseed oil, spirits, &c., coarse woollens^ ^ Commerce, — Exports : chiefly cotton, rice, aii^« tobacco. Imparts: British manufactured goipd^ from the two Indies, and limes from France, wir^ Canals for the conveniency ofVcommerceiN^' miles, charge by water carriage i i dollar perp^ KartAr^.— Several, l^oae/f -*•— Bad. ■ cf ' Moanilarics and Divisions^mpSouth Carolina aal^ €0 /"'i/ jg^A^^m. .'< GUIDE *Tl5 .Tenneasiee m ike north ^sdnbrth-Mi^} By^lhe Atlantic Ocean on the east ; l^y Florida on tilt south ; and by the river Mississippi on the west. £reorgia was formerly divided into parishes^ and afterwards into three district, but lately into tw<> districts, viz. Upper and Lower, whiiih are sub'* Idivlded into^ 4 counties, and has .MmidgeVsille for its capital, ' .. , . *Sjy^nierous streams, which intercect the country in We% part. i^^jjuiniaU.'^'On the boimdai'ies of Georgia and l^E^lpessee the finest in the United States. All W»e* ilat' country is moist and unhea1thj» The ^^'^/^ilfffittvia of the rice swamps very unhealthy during t|;;:|f.|MB|klUlTU- ■ ^ . ^ ' ■. ■ ■ ^0^0f$ieir9ii**hlhe interior is intersected by navigi it :r;i«iiii. yjyey^ in every directioii. Ihe ^Savannah is fidriocipal. m:y: t<'V:?^iiij:a&>n.»IrQn'ore,le^ ore, black lead, ochre STf^e^.— Oaky hickery, |>ipe, cedar, walnut, muU Jplci^*^^^ 1^ olives, %8, and pomegra- l^aKG^;> , On the low grounds asHu pioplar, dogwood; .y^iledhfiSEuit^ ^The tea p}ant...gri)3^ , without pul« livation jiear Savannah, The uplands are pi^e .jferests. * ■ ' - -trtiMr;^^,^ 4nmals,'''' A]\\g2:^ors des; w the hogs that pass near the rivera fa apiiiigc. i) /I O Diseases. — BDious and intermitten fevers iH AUttn^n In the iow cotintrit^s. v ' v^ " ' ' - •'iV^^ % i^; 4lwAa6tfff»Ay -»--Erj«nd]y and hospitalil^^<^j|^:^3t r :>i^m«/^tire.-^»The productions are whQ#^'^|i^p| it^ nce« cotton^ iudigo, tobacco^ «|)itr;^^^pp^ <■.»,'»# VI ■ . ■•"■''•'v"^■ . 5*: Are msL Com .lobadoc leather, wax. And En idelphia (Cheese, ^ Siean Relig method; calMlQ Silum nojTth la |s 228 r . CapUi town Ci yhe nor ^^iveri >f da on th% the west, isbes^ and r into two I are sub-* lUdgeVvllle , iiratered e country orgia and ites. All by* The hy during by navi^A ^vannah ift ad, ochrfc nut, muU pomegra- dogwood; ;hout pxU are pi^e that pass fevers 13^ <^^- .lobacioo, indigo, flour/ 8ago^ tar, navat stores, cane'l, ieather^ d^er skins, snake root, myrtle, and bees wax. Imports : foreign merchandize from Franc^ ^il England, and abo from New York anc] Phila- idelphia. The New England jstates furi^isb butter, (Cheese, fish, potatoes, &q, . • <; /{oi<^f.-^No turnpike roads in the state. ^ ^/e!0mi^a/# on the Savannah* ; Religion, — Tb« deinominations are prs^byterii^U V^iS; methodists, baptists, epfscopaUaii^ f^v^Jii^ilP^^.^^ ^^ <^k^ r*'i^jii ^*, ^..tjmt^ ,■ •■ - .•• G,H-ia"-...,::v,vlS^ iS^ttO^w, 4v?— Betweien-j88-r30, ^^4^-f^^f^^^0 north latitude, and 3-32 and 7-il|«wes^ lp^^< Js 228 miles long ^d ^QQ brqad*. ^ ^ i;;I iSj^^^^^ . Ca/^tV/i/^^ol^nibi^, 0V f[^oiumbus;.0^^^ toMMi Cin<^nati. ■ '• . .,•;,. ^^,^^^,.j\'-''^^.f^Wwinall f^reams. v^Mild. Winters keen and clear* Spring wet^ A^uU>nin fine. Irpn OT^, silver ditto, fiiBS^p|p|f4 ^^stone, saltpetre, ^um, E^om s*^|^^;S^ :J "^'^ Tl|e^in«|^. j^ ^!3»eric«a of jjto^; j^ .^t'^ "<5.-.' W J V'r -%. kb .-*2!i' m GUIDE TO" Jn^flfttVaw/.?— Industrious, frugal, temperate, patriotic, religious, tolerably intelligent, enter* prizing. Wages. — A labouring man get« from 58L lOs. to 651. A woman 31 1. 10s. per annum. Mecha- nics get from SOs. to 408. per week. Provisions, — Flour 27s. per barrel of ipSlbs., ^ffheiu.3d, 4d. per bushel, beef and mutton per lb. Sd. to 3d., veal 4d., poik S^d. to 4id., poUto« 2s. 3d. per bushel, fowls lOd. each, geese 28. 3d. each, moist sugar 13d. a lb., porter G^d. a quart^ f^y 13s. 6d. to 18s. per gallon. UPH^^i^isdew;- .^ ^ ^ . -^ ^ppiseases. — Distressmg head aches and fevers. m<{^ewsvapers.^^At Cincinnati in 1817 two papers '"'1^00 each weekly. There are many others 'ifc4^ 1 [ttr^;—- The soil favourable for ivheat, ;cor% Jfy^i oats, barley, indigo, and tobacco. ||^l?t$ are wonderfully fruitful. The J^^ifti^^iifeoeijoijis and good. The general price !^i^xiltiyated Inhdft is two dcdlars. The bottom Us are the best At the land crfSce of Cincin- I public lands are sold at two dollar* per acre, ^urth of the money paid at the time of pur- ely one fourth two years after, one fourth in p years^, and the other fourth in four years, . f^^Wliep, if not all paid, the land reverts to the Stan^' .iTiieJwnallest quantity sold is u>section of |§0 ap^ '* ;lltet:i5pnsi(iered good fc»r settlers. ^ 1:^^^ ^/. V^""*^^^*? ---A horse ccrsts from 40 to V, 'W ^otti lO tp 12, a sheep 2. ^? pottery gW<'T>OM whisker • ashes, < furs, & New El nfeighbc Trad fmiths,' Bank Cana Relig baptists . Situa broad, 1 gttude, tains 5( Bonn Ohio ; flouth fc emperatAp it^ enter* 58L 105. Mecha* r 196Jbs., on per lb. > potatoot se 28. 3(]« 1. a quart^ fevers. WTO papers ny others r ivheat, i tobacco, ful. The leral price le bottom f Cincin** per acre, e of pur- fourth in »ur years* he Static 160 m^ .'¥'if;' J%^^ AMERrcA. ^ ^ pottery, maple sugar, spirits, nialt liquor^ paper^' gt»owder, leather, flaxseed oil. hats, &c- i rmmcrce.-^Exparts: flour, pork, bacon, lara, whiskey, peach brandy, beer, porter, pot and pearl ashes, cheese, soap, candles, hemp, yarn, planks, furs, &c. Imports: East India, EuropAn, and New England goods» and rarioua products from neighbouring states. . ^.u- ^ Trades. — Tailors, shoemakers, carpenters, blajte |miths,-^-mflsons and sad(^ilers are veiy good J5rtn^.?.— There are several. * . ' - Ca;tri/« are projected. /?e%20».—<- Methodists, presbytcrians. baptists, friends, Lutherans, and newli ^H-: 0m %'.^-; .;.V''"^' ;o'i: »v|»i . situation, <$!<:^.---Is tSO miles loi^ broad, lies between S}, and 89 A^^^^^ gitude, and 31-30 alitl S9-S0 north ludi tains 50,000 square miles. V Boundaries. li^^i^-On the north«!Wj0st Ohio ; on the west by Curafcerfand mer^t'^r:^^.,^^ floiith by Nbrth Carolina ; 6n the east |^J^|p^ riv^ and a line drawn due south froin^!^^ed of limfevtone. Ttir well watered and heavily timbered. The staple prodi^btionr ere wheat and tobacco, henip« whit^ cloverj, and wild rye* , . C/mNi^.— D^kgUful. Temperate in sumnier. Mild ini^inter. ' The ^ir dry arid salubrious* . iiit'(^^.r-^Tbe i Qhio flows above 800 miles through the state, and the Mississippi 74, beside* niitiy others. -!.,-^j r -^ »JltiMfrii/r.-«-^Iront lead, marble, Umestone, firee*^ ^tonir, chalk, nitre, &q, Ttws of every sort. The siigaf maple abounds. 'i(i^ifc)E7Utf.^'^Aeute,^ank, bigh^spiiited, hos« 5, Ura^e* ... . ^ : ;iij€^.—- Intermitting and bilious fevers In i;ii; in winter pleurisy and rheunwtism. l^PJ^^^jpars liable to a diuuttta o n arrivai, from the "^ 'Of the water. yd^ji>er^.-*-7^iyiiyi^ S' of these at Lex« , they aire wee^."^ "* ^fficiitZjiRrer-'-Farming is lucrative. Near Lex- ^n'>#heitft loid ir)|repi^dace Sb bttsliels per ac^ fii«iK&df:^«^ir ki high ifaid ridh ground firom^O tot $€|}aft^ ddttf'etimeA 75. Miicfa hemp grown. Un<« «al^ated land from 5 to 40 doVlarsper acre. The: Mi^ joud^^ tre^ denote the rif!^if»4kmlBC< ' ' v4^fif7e.^iCfO()d wbri^ ^ dollsrff> saddWi htim iOCr dittos a yoke of^ oatUie' 59 ditto, a> gi»t% tso> 16 io^ 12; a sfeefep If to 1^. Evety:^weid|h[y|« likak&» has fmtk 10 16 Id(^ houses. Cattle m ^i^ iidt ^reat itumbers. In 1817 pnm^ iartaRi|^^, hoi^s and^ offices; land cleareiV ^ss^ 4a (^ |fi|^^ "' l«rs an «coe>neap4iei£in|ft(aua ijuuiineaiB:* l)oundary ftbrti 10 to 20. L*5 .... ^AP^^y^-S^^ AMERICA, 61 ie staple p« whit^ summer, >us, O miles » besidet ne> fkte*% ibounds. sd^ hos« evers in inintism. ^om the at Lex* ar Lex- ier acJe,* a^O tot 1. Un- B. The: ote the i saddle . fTtf^M.— ttenty of employment for labourers. Manual labour high. Journeymen mechanics have from 1 tc 1^ dollar per day> and board for only <^ dollars per week. Ohio boatmen gain 25 doIlaA a month. Tailors charge from 10 to ^0 dollarg for making a cotit. Provisions are cheap and abuAdant. ^Clothing dear. Rents."-' \ house of 5 good rooms from 100 t0 \ 800 dollars a year ; for mechanics from 30 to SQ^- : In the new settlements are only log houses ; in thef ' towns houses are of stoned brick^ or Woodi Manufactures.'^-'Cotton, woo), hemp, powdeit^ < salt, iron, nitre, spirits, maple sugar, paper^^f^be^^ copper, tin, oilcloths, carpets, &c. ■.■ -'"^^^^'^'^j^^'-f; Commerce.— Chiefly internal, carried --Pi'incipal sects presbyterii^^ di8t.% and baptists. *^ *' i ■ ^'0 ■A' TENNESSEE. fi^^t:^ •• *» m, ^c -^- Is S60 mfks long^aii^|<)5^bri^t^;^ E;|l?lween Stand 91 degi-ees wesl^pngit^^i^: '"^;mKl S6-30 north latitude. ^ ^^^ 1^ ti ^•iev ^•^^•"'T^^ *w>rth by1Centwytr,^|^ port of Vlifgmfe ; eftst by the Stone, Ydkw,* ltm% and Bald Mountains, which divide It from Norths C&rolina; sooth by South Catoltna and Oeovgia^ wdst by the Mississippi. T^iis^ext^nsive territory iskdi vided Mitcf tbtee districts; Wai! thrive hei-e luxuriantly^ i|^|^( trees succeed extremely welt. Herds ^^^^ipi^imlii^'r tfarbtogh the' w^ods witii ibe cowik % X w&^i ■ ■-..%- ^ ■ •*■ ■■■■' 5 4': spirits, jp powder, horses^ li toes, floi linnb^, cotton, ] g^ods an . Religii bj^tist^, lians, anc Exteni broad. tiflkP, Is 1 union, e to contai that^wat which te aboreth M d^rul i Nortb' erritory Hamil- f which »antains Several UikJited^ e rivers • ;he h«it * d inter- . al (5alu« fct there . from ^v loeuet, rough* A taiite re great i!^:^fe) .^£ltK2A.f^ % JllWs^c^fef.---<€Qtton, nailsy gunSj,, leather, spirits, paper^ copperaa, Glauber ^aits, cabie^^iguntc^ powder, maple fiuj^, saltpetre, ^c. Commeree^r^ExporU :' coiton> tobacco, hemp^,-. horses^ live,cattle, Indian corn, pork, to wis, pot^n ^^ toes, flour, saltpetre. Baity deer skins, gi^)^^ng»j lifinb^, iron* Staple productions are. saltpetre, cotlon, hogs, and cattle. hnporU: chieflj^ |lry^^ g^ods and groceries'. /« , . Religiom — Denominations are^ presby$et^liif^ '1 ht^tisitst, Roman . catho)ics^ protestants^ epMic^%^ lians, and methodists. Sfyoerj^ it inr this state- — •.t^i'.V-^'^;*?^ *!C^^ ttv^t .t--* . INDIANA; 'i^V'jfel %^^-'^^A&t^i0m r.^. %«((iS', r^:!tf -"s-' ! '^•)'*' 'M^ Extent'^^l^ ^8a miles t^g,^ wj^ t^ j|^»g^^ ^ i^/«<*afi..-Being a col6^|^j^3| ^ '^^ M #rubs, and bounded by lofty ^stf*^ :J^^ BCMpI exceptions, tt^ mil ia frvmS^fwei^ 0t^ ""ilj^ilPpC general fj^m^ the ftie|t edqntlrvM ^*^1ire»tmi world is^t whieft *ii bSih '^' ' " •i^'^ ■■':& ^?. •'■M a CUIDE r& • CVmafe -*-Tn the upper parts^ the climate is very friendly to h«alth. Minerals, — Among the mineral productions are irbn, copperas, and coal ; the sulphates of pot-ash and magnesia have been found in several caves ; and salt-petre is also abundant. ; Trees, ;|^>lC^/fe and Swine may he easily reared, on ac« ^bwi|j^^^ ar acpms. The offices for gl^v . j^^r^ iShds are at Vincennes on the Wabash, and Kash is'a fine black mould. The. soil of tlie meadows is gene-* > rally fine, but they want waiter, which is only pro*^ cured by welb. . . . . ... Climate is excellent, except on the lowlanda and borders of rivers. Severe frosts in winter. Rivers,' — The chief .ace, thcLlllinois, Kaskaskia, and Stony rivers, ^11 admitting of boat navigation^ A want of mill stn;eiiim^. ,. ,.v .. ^ Minerals. — Capper, alum > saltiJi^abundand?^ .v '^ Trees in great quantity and variety, tNe 8i^^;;•-;^^^ m in otlier states, fhere *we many ^pec^ 4ji^:i snakes are the yeiiomous auimals'of the state. , :fi(^'&l"^ Agriculture, — Fine crops of grain, flax, ;^lT:a^| hemp. Soil needs not .^natmre. Hopa^gr^^^^ aiid hemjl^ grdw wild.- Sugar trees aoouild j^ ji^^ mulberry trees. Great quantities of toJ^coi^H;-©^^ raised. Wheat, peas, and Indian corn thriye|, ftM| ail fruiter Maize is thest^iple production. A. >gmt ^9t8 ^3 or 40 doUars. A strong wag the i^ofk l60 doUarsii Military bounty i^oi^di dollar per acre. v;" '"J l^JlMfth^if w ^^: .•»-Nuiph^r* jOf caitie'^,^ idelphia, and Spanish horses. iliritfifiif^^^Clotb, ical%iy spirits, floii^ •IKri 3s, 4d» pear buah^l;; beeCf 76? GUIDE TO aiif! pbrlc 2d. p^r pound ,• horses from (Jo to 10(J dollars, cows 10 to 20 do ; a sow 3 to 5. ^^^ff^e* Mech.inics I to 1^ doPar per day. Hricks arp In'd at 8 dollars by the 1000, including lime, Inhahitanis. — Quarrelsome. The dirk used by all. Settlements. -^Chif'Qy on the Mississippi rivep, the Kaskaskia, and its branches, and more recent* Jj on the Wabash and Ohio. Slavery exists in this state;* fc'*-" 'iv;' .'t-. LOUISIANA. ' mivattony 4'^.— Between 29 ^"d S3 depfreef iiDTth latitude, and 12-30 and 110 west longitude ;|Vr>m •Washinjjjton, and contains ^5i%Q0 square ;;^iles, ' ■■/■'■■ ^ '-• ' "» Pfl''>«Vfl/ --•New Orleans, < Soil -—Its feraity beyond example ; the crops of coi*n, tobacco, and cotton surprising ; the sugar cftne^ 4lso flourishes on it. The whole southern cfKist is a moM^s, without trees or sbrubs, as far eVeh as 30 miles from the sea Some considera* Wetftos are liable to violent inundations from t)i< tHvr^ff of the waters of the Missisfiipi, and the In^eaking dourn of the embankments erected iq ^uard against them. ' ; j|f i '"''Climafe. — Rjpgnlaily hot in summefv ^^tt#% *i|in<^er phanfreable • !>nt in every part intM;>ii^t| keadttiiy, except about the marshes at the the Mil partici Rivt the MJ nuraer^ of nay The n gerous Mm Trei ^omprc Thevi Beas bited p houses, seldom animals low Ian spider ( ^ pisec Agrii state. nice is I under w all flour able foi irulberr Silkr tj idso.the ^l|ve is A•fiittlli^ and nun leij n . \ ay. Bricks iding lime, rk used by sippi river^ ore recent* {3 defrree^ t longitude 60 square ,r the crops the sugar i 60uthern dbs, as far considers* tion» from n, and the erected iQ 't- \ r, wM^m^ AMERTCA. » the Mississippi, which are dangerous to Europefins^ particularly New Orleans. % /2iVer^.— The country is abundantly watered, the Mississippi running through it, whence flow numerous minor streams. There are 56:20 miles of navigation on the Various rivers of this state. The navigation of the Mississippi sometinic^s dan* gerous to boats from the rising of floating timber. Minerals. -i^iron, silver, limestone, coal. 2ree*.— The trees are of numerous kinds, and jGomprehend most of those found in the other states. The vine grows every where. * Beasts, — Wolves are numerous in the uninha-* bited parts, and when hungary approach dwdling houses. The alligator is in all the waters, but seldom attacks any thing but hogs and other tame animals. Numerous serpents infest the woods aiid low lands Th^e is also a light- gr^y veneatouf spider on the s&nd near the lakes " * n Diseases, — Dysepj^ery and bilious /ever,- ^; AgriouUure.'-^M9\ze is cultivated throiigh^u^/ State. It grows best where dogwood is fdtf ^ Bice is cultivated in those parts that cat^ l^ i^tt under water. Sugar canes, cotton, aind ^Biiicb^ all flourish ad|niirebly in this state. It is tavdUr« Ale for silk manufactures, from the number of irulberry trees, and the means of preparihg th| Silkf ^emp grows naturally : figs are cultivated'^ Also the orange; peaches grow everywhere; the ^ive is common; the wild grape jprgduces finij zirttirthrodghoiit the state ; bears^ rats, arits, locusts, SKpid numerous irsects, hurt the ^ricultiii'e. 1f^ ilviie |^mi|de of sea shells. - '^.^s.^ >§< ,', N IJfc \ 6tOTETO < <^Me.^^^tkim^wt^tt0 : beefi pork, and corn. :\p^-^ maiUbwm to^isw Orl^m 300 mile«, iS/bv^i^ abounds. i^*^ fEliRlTQKlEa ■mr^- J-^'C: Th4»e lire four territoHes wtticd demo^tl^eiltSil , ^•^ it^tes^ /because not yet Emitted intoi |hl^ ^Hii sM allowed a represenlatidB^ llot thiy in |feif«r^ g«oef«l^foverameii«^ ^ ; * GUIDE TO ALABAMA. SkMtioti t^'C— Between 30 and 35 degrees north latitude. Was formerly the eastern portion of ^1i$sisbippi„ Contains about 40,000 square miles, Iffind has Washington for its capital. ' » iSorV.— There is math low swampy land. Some well-timbered, some rich meadow soil. The best .soil for agriculture is between the "^Ip.bi^ina and ^. T^mbighee rivers. In general the St ol ,%e val- lies is a mixture of cilay and loam o^: a r>d of limestone. I^^Otm^r^.— Great heat in the Ipw southern parts, .iliivgenerai very healthy. i?«W*.— The Mobile the chief. There are in ^^Jl the rivers 2700 mileS ofiiavigation. i&I^J^M^/ifr.^— Iron in great quantities, coal. jyc€f.^¥^im, cypress, cane, sour orange tree?, '.oirii^^ l(ick0sj^>„ icedar, poplar, elm, ash, walnnt, ictulberrjr'^ ' '' Ammak'^''Alitgfitors abound; snakes in , the inarshy ami woody places, &c. Pajmlation."'^ \ho\xt 33,000, much dispersed Bapidly increasing, and will doubtless soon be- come a State. vlgrictt/Zure:— Grand ^ftVtiCle is cotton. Wheal, barly, oats, potatoes, and yams, would prosper. Also Indian corn and rye* ' Lands, sold in 1810 for from 4 to 6 dollars per acre," The highest price was 24 dollars. In 1817 the value of those iULtick wiisnearls^ doubled. r i ' v' titi '>xi>t'' ^' .i€i>iiiw«rce.---Increasing rapidly. Niivi|^oti i^peditious to Europe. Cwicds in prepasation. , v ■'/•> -t^ VJ Situc degrees gitude, to soutF Caph point fr d of ern parts. lere are in [>al. nge treei 1^ walnnt, •-* es in the dispersed s soon be- 1. Wheat, d prosper. Id in 1810 he highest iie of those . .... - •'»' Navig«tioii ' ' '-,='' - i .-, . , * ^ 'ij ■<• '^ * )>\ Xmerica. ^ ^1 MICHIG.\N TERRITORY. Situation, Sfc, — Between 41-50 and 45-20 degrees north latitude,^aiid 5-12 and 9 west lon- gitude, from Washutgtop - Its length .froc^ ^orth to south 250 milasf^t^padth from east to w^ l60 Capital. — Detroit, a^ place of importance, the point from which traders start in the anKiU|| voy- ages among the Indians to purchase furs, and to ' which the neighbouring^ tf^be resort tor guiipaw'-t''' der, liquors, and other European artij^lcs., > ^^ "^^ *S'o«7.— Fine meadow lands, extensi^ar ' fb|ij^fi4^ There are about 20 millions of acres of;eifiei^lMit\[ soil, 8 millions of which are ceded to th^ (J^fi^^ * States, 200,000 of which arr sold. OVwifl^e.— Healthy, though hot iii sunlm# cold in winter. * • ' ■ '#^*<' Rivers. ap,c^iv3les, woollen cloth, flax sttii3;<|pji^ ^ d^mmerce. — Exports : chiefly cider, apples, and li^i^ Imports : beef, pork, ehsc^, biitter, ik!^t%, . f j|«>^J^^ lands niay beh^^^ £ietiiid|i **:^ iA-i^'* H CCIDE Ta at the Iand«oflice, At 2 dollars an acrej in tracts of 1 60 ncfeft. One faurt^ fait^ 4^?i '^P^ 5 )|[ears credit ior the rest.' " KORTHrWES^T TERRITORY. S^uiUm, 4*^.— Between 42-30 and 49-57 de« §1,1(^9 ^oit^ bttitude, €^d 7*20 west longitude ftpt)ft ^awngton, and coutaiui^ 1^7>9PQ squarq miles. «^5i|tr*-Qn Grec^ Bay the land^ r^ceclinff from ,t!be jib<^ ^ beau^ifii^> and covered lyljpb fine f^efi The surface is high mea^dnv/s* > i;/MiKi^.-cef.-^-Oaicy ash> elin, h^ch, mapje^ redwood, tumach, hickery, haiaeli w^inut^ P9il?^'« honey Iku^I^ jpine/l^ircb. J^ica/Zttre-^A very ^;§n part y^ ci^tiva^ed. f*qi^laHm Si8 yet very iim» Ci^nmerc^ i^^y iti time J^ greal; fro^ itf conyejr l(i^cie^ MISSOURI TERRITORY, SUuaiic^, 4^.—^ Between 29 and 49 iDiortb ktimde^ and 12-^aaiMl32:wealrk»^ from \ 1400 n 9S5, 25 Cttpi Soil, which, first qu There i CHm of heat Rive navigal liiiOO, i Mine ble, gy] blue,ar Tree. sumacli nettle-1 chesnu Anifi in flocl Bin abundi Pod Agrl diicedj elev^t( and 8(1 fifer j5cj . ^- j^.^,?t^yated I ?*3-. .• ■ ■ - AMERICA. 7Y from Washington, Length fVom south to north 1400 miles, breadth from east to west 8S6 Area 985, 250 square miles. ' G//)i7a/.— St, Louis. '-\. ; *Voi7.— -Extensive alluvial tracts on all the i*ivers, "which, where not exposed to inundation, are of the; first quality and of almost inexhaustible fertility! There is much high prairie, %r meadow land, • Ctimale. — Very fine, though subject to extremei^ of heat and cold/ ^ Rivers and La^e* numerous. Xhe Missouri is navigable for large boats 3000 miles, the Arkeusas laoo, &c. iV/j«6i'rt/*.— Lead, iron, copper, limestone, mar- ble, gypsum, coal, alum, nitre, ochre; Clays^blacki blue, and red. Salt in abundance, &c. yree*.— -Cotton wood, swamp maple, plumb, 8umach, hazel, sycamore, aspen, popaw, wiHiow, nettle-tree, hackberry^ persimon, cedar, mulberry^- chesnut, oaks, ircm-wood, crab, vines. &c. Animals "'"^Wd horses, buffalos numerous» g0fit$ in flocks. The grizzly bear is an enemy to mavi. - Birds. — Turkeys, geese, game of all sorts\ii^;; abundance. S : v^i Population. — About 23,000. ^ ' : '10 Agriculture."'Flne crops of cotton ipjiyVbe^pi^- diijced, also of tobacc#, fiax, and hemp. 'XiRtiVe elevated tract are produced SO bushels o<^ y^miit- and 80 of maize pei^ acre, and some tracts^^l^il ^yen yield 50 bushels of wlieat and J 00 of maig^ J^brJacre. In all the districts Indian corn, M'heatJ, ^;^, oata^ bavlovj buck wheat, and flax, are cut- ^ yiVvit^. Potatoes, apples, pears> and peaches^ \-^4 f¥r ^^^f)!^ rapidly. as :^i;ftii8^:^:li^ ■"^t-^ffrnm--' 1* GUIDE TO Comf/ieHie.'mmln 180S large qua^^^ies of beef ^ere sold at 2 cloJlars pex csft, Ca^le and hogf are shot in the \voods, nvhere the meat is cut up^ 8m1M[^ atid packed for market. Salt« live stock/ beeC^fdjf^ beaver, talljow, bees wax, l>pney« pel- tries, saltpetre, grain, are the chie^articles of trade, i^ork 2| to S^ dollars per cwt Beef sells now a| 4 ilollars and ^ half ptr qwt. JLamic.^— 45 millions qf iicres, purchased by the XJnited Vitiates firom the Indians, k^J: f 'V : V^r-' Bvt contrac any art tain, to ing to. \ thertof bench, persoa inonga the for quent ( soned t .8. c. 6a By a dn boar the Bri |»rt tk< fmnmfai mA* i of be«f nd hogi , cut up^ e 8tock/ tey» pel- [)f trade* » now a| I by the ^:^Vt '^ t»rt thereof proper for either the tvoLm or silk fmnmfoekires ; he shall foir^eit the aame^ ac^ ^OOl «. 3. Aiid any dicer of the ^Honit may mizt* end ^^mit in aoiaa of the fcing'e w«i[fbaiii9«^ %a.$t»<^ \** 60 GUIDE TO v ■ i> tools and utmsils as shall be found on board* any such vessel ; and QieJ^itxie, after condemnation^ shall be publickly sold. s. 4. AlH if the master or captain shall kfiowingiy permit any of the said tools qr uxensil^ to be put on board his ship; lie shall forfeit lOOl. and if it is a king's ship he shall also forfeit his office, and be incapable of any office unde^ the crown, s. 5. • And if any officer of thev customs shall take any entry outtrard, or si^n any fiuflferanCe tot shipping or exporting any the said tools, or knowingly per« mit the same to be Hone; he shall forfeit lOOl, and his office, and be incapable of any office under fhfe crown, s. 6. .'"■! All which said penalties on this act shall be half to the king, and half to him that shall pro- secute, s. 7. * ^ ' And by the l4Q,3,c»7\. If atty person shall put on board any vessel not bound directly to feome port in Great Britain or Ireland, any tools or ijlensils, or {>rirt thereof, proper for the co//on er linen manufactures ; he Bh^W forfeit the same, andal^o 2001. j. 1. And by thfe 21 G. 3, t. 37. If any person shall pot on l)oard or pack in order to be put on board any vessel not bound directly to any portin Grea^ Britain ov Ireland, or shall bring to a\iy wharf or other place in order to be ^o put on board any 8U<;h vessel, any machine, engine, tool, ])res8, paper, utensil or implement, or any part, model of plan thereof, proper for the wooUeUy cottdn, iinen^ or jiilk msnufactures; one justice, on complaint iipon oath by one witness, may i»sue his warrant to «eia© the same/ togethn* -"a it|! thepacUage a^ other gc be), and him or s to such pose to y priated, tained, a assises o fusal so house of sions, ar And on upon ind alH the sai In the cc twelve m paid. s. 1 Finall3 shall con artificer i muslins c blocks^ p mauufact convicted assizes, hi for 12 ml be imprif And if export an 8fU, corns ot lineii thiraaiiMi, m^m At AMEMCA "I 81 •d any wingly put on * it is a and be F. 5. ke any lipping ;ly per- t lOOl, B under shall be lall pro- oir shall ectly to By tools le coHou le same^ ;on shall >n board in Great wharf or lard any I, press, model Of m, limn, lompUiint } warrant olher goods padred therewith (if aiiy such there be), and to bring the peroon complained of before * him or some other justice ; and if he shall not give to such justice a satisfactory account of the pur- pose to which the same are intended to be appro- priated, the justice shall cau4e the same to be de- tained, and bind the party to appear at the next assises or quarter sessionit, and di^ neglect or le-» fusal so to do, shall- commit him to th^ gaol or' house of correction until the next assizes or ses- sions, and until delivered by due course of li|W. And on conviction at such assixea ov session s^ upon indictment or information, he shall . forfeit aA the said goods, and also 2001 and be imprisoned in the common gaol or house of Gorxe<^ r. fof twelve months, and until the forfeiture slud lie' paid. X. 1, Finally : By the 2JS G. S. c. 60. If any person shall contract witli or endeavour to {>er6uade any • artificer con^rned in printing eallicoes, cottonivi muslins or liqensof any sort, or in preparing any blocks^ plates, engines, tools, or utensils £br such xnauufactory, to go out of the kingdpm, and be convicted thereof in the king's bench or at the assizes, he shall forfeit 50OL aij^d be, imprisoned for 12 montha; for a second oflTence lOOQl. ai^d- be imprisoned for two years. And if 9X}j person shall export or attempt tdb export any blocks, plates, engibes» took, or uten* siU, commonly used in the calicoe, cotton, muslin^ ot linen printing manufactures ; he shall f^r^it the aame, and t^so 500L ta be recovered in the M»^t^ 9LtW(!isimituter, ''Jk$A 9Dy officer of the ship conniving thereai n €Uf»ETO shall forfeit 5001 ; and if it is a kiog's ahip^ he shjiU ftiso be incapacitated. FRAUDS. The following ^auds are sometimes practised Mpon Emigrants at Liverpool: they need only to be named, in order to be avoided. Impostures frequently await the arrival of Emigrants, and in the garb of friends attend them till they leave the share: they first undertake to conduct them to good and cheap lodgings, ^nd to a broker who will get them easily through the (Custom House, to the most eligible Vessels m the Port, and to the X^aptain who will take them cheapest. Then they pretend to accompany them to the best shops for laying in their Ship-stores, for a(ll of which {V*etetided services a commission is expected. Other swindlers are often standing about the Docks^ and contrive to get into conversation with the 8tran/;»er, or emigrant: after which they at- tempt to draw him into some Public House. If this succeeds, they are soon followed by others of the gang, when they try to introduce gaming, and sometimes empty the Emigrants pocki|. before they leave him. ^ 1 am informed of one man* that was fleeced of S9 guineas, in this way at Liverpool • another man brought to the above-named port, four GoMiitrjf Bank Notes, valve J^5. each, all paj^able ifli/ii^ don. Being a stranger, many refused t<5^ cttwt^Jii tbein : at last be went to a Coach Of&ce^ l|i|M^ they gi his fou on his go to li tended the Cuj when t Muster Somi the ha whethe have b< ed by t to thei where t been re In oi 8ary foi directly spectin^ he mea ivhat k enterec The what .and it i money, xHouse. who ca i»lves.t iMrrive AUmtCA. m lip, he j>' J" ractised only to iostu,re8 its, and ey leave ct them i^r who House, and to ;. Then est shops )f which ted. bout the tion with they at- ouse. If others of ning, and ^ before leeced pf uhernijan Country they giiye him £l7. in Bank c^ England Notes for his four £5. Notes, and would give ^im no more; on his refusing to take them^ he was told he might go to his purpose. Another Emiglrant paid a pre- tended broker, £2. 2s, to get him passed through the Custom House, this he neglected to do, and when the vessel sailed, his name was npt on the Muster Roll. Some Emigrants have put their Certificates into the hands of these Emigrant Brokers, to see whether they were such as would do : when they have been kept, copied, and other person has passi* ed by them, before the real owner was .presentecl to the inspecting officers : and there are instances where the real owners of such Certificates, have been refused going, on this account. , In order to avoid these snares, it is only neces** 8ary for the Emigrant with a Certificate, to go directly to the Custom House, enquire for. the in"- apecting officer, shew his Certificate, say whithet he means to go, by what vessel. Captain's name, what luggage he has, &c. and it will be regular!;^ entered, and himself passed for Is. 6d. The Custom House is the best place to learin ^what vessels are in port, and when they will sail"^ ^nd it is well not to pay any part of the passage •money, until the Emigrant has passed the C^&tom iBouse. , .J . , , .. . ' POOR EMIGRANTS, '7. • who cannot pay their passage, xtitiy bind them- Adiyes/to serve a cerCain term 0^ years. .When they iurrive in America they are advertised bv theic 4^ in iHtrnpony with a bimd, wfap Are willing to engtige thetfinselves fbr a ^<^ lidiited tiin^i to defray th^ espenc^s of their pas^ ^' sige^ consist of persons of the following occu^ ^' ^tionB^ besides woihen and children^ vi<. IS f* farroifrs^ ^ barkers, 2 butchers, 8 weavers, 3 tay-- ^ idrs^ 1 gardener, 3 mdsons, t milUsaw3r^r, 1 *' white-smith, 12 sho^-makers, 3 c^binet-inakers^ #< I cod-bumer, I bai'ber, 1 c£lrpent&r^ 1 slock-» '* ing-weaver, l dooper, 1 wheelwrighi, 1 br^^wer, *^ t locksmith. Apply on board of the Bab6na» " oppogite Callowhin.street^ ih the river Belas- «< ware, or to W. Ooun and Co^ No. 18, So^tb *' Wharves. ' ?? ■•*Dcti ^r ' , : ' ' • -'J,'-/ Jls we 6£ceiided the side of thin huHt, ft inlit WfnAhk^ iceiitof wnnt and misery p»s^ntiiiililBi£ The i^i^ inveluntai-uv ^orhed Fot smiic relie^jB^i ih^horriUe picture. of bumnK ^uierini^ Ihit Hv Quired The ca bis offic said wit Hefcall. and nev The po< able deH thfeir lew deserve *in So attick worst pa •could sp « No El The dec necessar is the m are enga one of t\ died on about 7€ When tl purchase of stupid link belo ccrated t is thus di their fall yet Amei iKt^ts as **pAtrioti :^triou3 ilMERtCA. # iropeity 3 to ih igrating for thtelr certaih tt^d tVk sterdatd, vesfbr a ig occu?- vi«. IS B, 3 tay^ iwyfer, 1 .faiaker9> 1 s^ock- brewer, er Delat- Ihit Hv5V>iif 8<^t»!?»bre oiferd# • Mr: m »\ hi eiii i^uired if th^^rt verr. any shoe-makers cm board. The captain idvaiiccd: his appearance besj^-^k^ bis office ; lit Is ta Ava^itm, ti3Y> determined, and with an eye that flashes With Algetine (h'uelty. Hef called in th^ Diitch language for shoe-makers, and never c^n I fdr^et the scene which fdllowed. The poor fellows c^me inning up with unspeak* able cleHfrht, nd dcubt anticipating a relief frotm th^ir loathsome dungeon; ' Tkeir clothes, if ra^ deserve that defiomin^tion^ actually perfumed thfe 4in Somfe Were i^itliout shirts, others had thife artick c/f dress, but of a Quality as coarse as thfe vorst packinj^ cloth. I enquired of several if they •could speak English. They smilled, and gabbled, " No Engly, no Engly,— one Engly talk ship." The deck was 111 thy. The cooking, washing, and necessary departments were close together. Such is the mercenary barbarity of the Americans who are engaged in this trade, that they crammed into one of those ve^ssels 500 passengers, 80 of whcmi died on the passage. The price for women is about 70 dollars, men 80 dollars, boys 60 dollars. When they saw at our departure that we had not purchased, their countenances fell to that standard of stupid gloom which seemed to place them a link below rational beings. From my heart I ex* ecrated the European cause of their removal, which is thus daily compelling men to quit the land of their fathers, to become exiles in a foreign clime : yet Americans can think and write such senti- '^^isents as the following : " We rejoice with the *« patriotic Hollanders at the return of tlie illus* ^itticius house of Orange to their i^rst magistracy. «5 GUIDE Ta f* and da not wonder at their enthusiastic Joy npotf *' the occasion, when they remember that this '** ancient family have been always the gallant and *' zealous defenders of the rights and liberties of /* the Dutch people." An interesting occurrence' is Said to have taken place the other day, in connection with the Ger- >n)raii Redemptioners (as by a strange misnomef .theft Dutch are denominated). A gentleman of .ibis city wanted an old couple to take care of his rlibuse ; a man, his wife, and daughter were offered ;txi him for sale ; h» purchased them. They proved i99 be his father, his mother^ aqd sister ! l\ ;*:■> V- Wl herehp ce d^'d J* hit Been empl '■ An tcit ^ear One ■J ♦ r. ■ ■ # tU t . - •! * t ( « -r it ^ 1 ZANC muketh o perMQH* Wi hpeuftto t ou-v. propf. tcrhed as * Jtiheia MP. aC 1.;: i . JFofm of Certificate^ WE whose names (ire hereunto snhserlbed, inhabitants of in the County of do herehy certify ^ that the Bearer Ai B* who Has hereunto first ^s^rihed hiicnfimet is years ofw^c, feet i' JiC^ hi^h^ has . eyes, hair^ CQ^ffijpirx*(nt, df'fi 4> hv trad*^ a in which business he haw teen empltjfed all ^is fifg, ' As tcitutjss our handst this day of ^ear One Thousand EigiU HuiMked ani C. D. Minist(tt E* F^ Churchwatien, A.B. Witness^ Y. Z. ZAKCASmnE.^^^Y. Z.of in the saii Coi^^^ iftuheth Oath and saith. that he was present^ and saw tMsen&tm^ peraoHS whose names are subscribed at the foot of'theCertiflcate^ h^tennto annexed^ severally sign and subscribe the sumrin their , im/ proper hand •wr'ding^ and that the name ♦• K. Z.** #«6- Scrbed as a uitftf.ss to the said s/ignatures^ is vftJic prajpei han4 j^fUiiig of the ceponcnt. Sttorn kef (tie me^ r>ife of his Majcsty\ Jff stives of the PCace for the said County, '*- ' G» H. Magistrate, \ ^r Zy • / the said Jusfiee do hereby certify C, D. is a Minister, an^ jf^'F. a Chnvchwarden, of , • Qiven under my hand, this, day y a re- •he pas- las been Cvatcfn he port icertainj^ he may ike catfi aBSured, or some .ondon> number it Liv^r* taking |, except sail for villi ^hH- seaports, made up in a suitable manner; arid may frequently be sold after the voy* age for the mm they cost— Flannel waistcoats and drawers should be provided by each pas* 6enger * also a small quantity of medicines; slich as rhubarb, salts, cream of tartar, and magnesiai these may be necessary, not only to the preserva- tion of health, but of life ; for the change of» sittii ation, exercise, diet, air, &c. often produce such changes in the body, as, without a judicioua use of these kind of medicines, might bie highly in jn« KiouJi to the health, if not fatal.-p^-It would also be well for delicate persons to provide a little pre- served fruit, eggs, &c.— The steerage passenger tvilHiave to lay in a stock of provisions also for tbe passage ; which it would be well to calculate ^ two months, although it may sometimes he per- ^rmedin one, and the articlei^ must necessary and tteefulivilt bthu»f becf^^ dried fi«h, ham tciif^ucs, H 3 *» aviP? TQ |H|puti^ p0t|ktae» Mid pprl^a 4m> tf ^ coihe, i&ifBlk ^d Ufi^cle*8« vita tl^ p^i/^epg^rs qm^? written^ th^eaiji : and Ujie y(Qr4 stores-^ these inu^ 1^ 8en| on bo^rd just be£(^re the yesf^l i^ expectei^ \0 saiU j^otbing remaii^s lt»ut t^ take ciiife npt to mm the. p4S8ftgei by being mbsifj^ at thi9 tiin^ of s^ijing } (wliich sometimes happens,) andi to be as, cheert'idr and good natured t^ w^ pa«u9?n^en9 i^ possible, ixk order to ren^ei; the pas^agt agisee^Ue >ud de«i lightfuL Most ^iclj^s of furnitijiffe \9fimg eheaper in tim United $^e6 ^ati ip E»gW4 it is/i>npruc}e«»^ tp tal^e cny tfiing gt th^t k^ind^ becanse tli^ey aro liabije tp be> cUuMlged.— nF^ajther bedft andt bedding im ih^ ^o^tsaiiyA should be^ t^ken* For pocking clptheii ^ trunkaaiT^ prti^rable to heaivy diunisy^ Tim ifof^ ift the United States to which the ^isigrant oug})^ to sail^ will depend upon the place whei'ebe tn^nda.to settle;, for thi^s purpose^ he ought to'e>cami»e a Map of the United States^ For a very great proportiun of the emigraatc^ the countries west of the Alleghany Mountains^ that 18, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennetweo or the Illinois, are most preler^ble ; ^nd to/^hesii parts Baltimore is the beat poitti n^d the bftsts^wa]^ will be to gd from .thence to Wheeling, on tlic Ohio ; 95 milics below Pittsburg ; lliis xoad( bein$ much ksft difficult. The emigrant shcmld n«4t forggl 10 provide somcspUl nuiKt^ t« hA |f««c^ i^ } itaedE For ge will de\ and als childret useful a ipisions. butter, ificieat lor Ball going u Jiness,, i the adn the we vinejvar fiiioigal done, b kettle c if the be sho friends per pla ^-His lodge t ter of i he }an( Uie An are est &c. mi Sritaii $eiasl), •ity, tempt I *.J-^ V".-.<'h,- • AMERICA. M eciding flying cK the eplaCQ »8^ he ntaiiis^ messes im tilt V- 4tae di sdaosickness : fawh or veal w^uld Be tok. For general sea stores^ the quantity and quality vvtll depend upc^i the number to be pvuvtded £oir, ind alsd on the season ol* the year.-^-^lf there are children, some oatmeal and treacle wil)* be very useful and wholesome, much more sathan salt proi* i^isiona. To which add, tea, coffee, sogar^ biseuita^ butter, olieeae, hams, eak, 8€>4p> candles, Stc, sut^ fici^at to last ac. kast eight weeka; p^^rtkuiarly ibr Baltimore, as^ veoseis are a week or ten days in going up the Chesapeakcr A due regard to clean* liness,. is recommended during the voyage; a]*d the admission of as much air, between di^ki, asi the weather will permit : with a few botllei oC vinegar to spriiikle the floor occasionally, 4nd fumigation will be salutary, which may be easily done, by putting a piece of red hot iron into a kettle of pitch.«—On landing at the desired Port^ ii' the emigrant has any letters' of introduction^ be should deliver them immediately : then hi* friends may probably assist him in landing a pro* per place, where his family may rest a few days. »— His next care will be to land liis luggage, and lodge them in a place of safety.*— If he hns no let« ter o£ in^xKluction, to any one in the place where he lands, he ought to be on his gUArd; &r in all the American Ports, a great number of small stores are established, for the sale of spirituous liquors, &c. many of these are kept by the natives of Great Sdtain: and some of those who keep them are .so eei^sii, as to induce £migrants to remain in the •ity, under various pretences ; but in reallity, to tetnpt them to spend their money with them-^-So ll»iuiy l^mi^ranta ariive at all the- principal ^ertr !««■ «f-' ■>^i . IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) i^ <^ '^^V'^ €^.^>^ 1.0 I.I I^IM |2.5 " ■■" -2.0 11:25 1 1.4 IJ4 Hiotographic _SciQices Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145«0 (716)872-4503 iV w^ '^ ^4* .^^^,V4 4 ^ f/. «f GUIDE T6 lit lUe Uxiited States, that there is very little chsnie ofprocuHng employment in them, and most of tbea distress, which has been reported to exist in AmerieHi :haa. been suffered by those, who have imprudently lingered in the cities, until their money WAS exhausted. H the Emigrant intends til: go to the countries east of the Alleghanies^ he oiight not to stay above two or three days in the dty; and he will 6nd that great numbers of wag^ gaps set off from Philadtlphia to Pittsburg ; or from Baltimore to Pittsburg, or Wheeling every day ;:the diarge both for passengers and lugg&ge, IS froDA five to seven- dollars per hundred weight; t>ut'the n^en may go cheaper if theychuseto walk; i ,Th^ waggoners travel with great economy, jpnany of them carry a camp kettle, in which they (Cook their tbod ; and some have a bed in thsir waggoi^^jn which they sleep at night.— A travels ier.twh.0 cllo^ses a similar mode may travel very ^^ap^.CHT :tl))ere are plenty of inns on the road, Fh«ire he fpay have a bed at ^ very reasonable rate» \Vberiti^e£i|!njgrant arrives at Pittsburg or Wheels |n|^^hpr4i>d8:great nanibers arriving there daily, |l||4:PM^ little chance of getting ;|^^^k^«i^cAt ;r-*but having occasion for infoima* *>|jy^|itwul be prudent to stop a few days, to inj^flttbe,necessary,enquiry.— Ithedeeras it neces* sarylto.deuicend th4 Ohio, he liad best enquire for fne or iQore famSies, who intend going to the fanif jQeighb^urhood with himself whom he may joi|i in the purchase of an ark, (a kind of vess*e1) ^|n whiph families descend that river. — These arke (U'ehwltibr sale, for the coiivejanco of families ■w.^ Aecnilt, ^iong and usual pri 4 fainiliei can fre^i 6 or 800 i^ilots at the Falls larsfor J The I fiext ste grants an will app1 ]Bly eur 1 Alab< \ner has iners ha^ Ask then^ •».-An a< portion < BOW ove expect f I may iit < what is 1 twelve, < Imphjy yet rem •i^ wo some of articles The En ^ then AMERICA^ # file ends, an^ all of the same size ; helng 50 fe^ Jong and 14 broad. These arks are covered ; tM ti8tt4 prio9 75 dollars each; which will serve ^ or 4 families, as tiiey carry from 2 J to 90 tons; anci can frequently be sold for nearly what they cost^ ^ or 800 mile: lower down the river.-^There ar^ Pilots at LouisvillO) who conduct the boats over the Falb cf 8hip]p«ng Port, and charge two doU lars for pilotage. The Emigrant being arrived on the Ohio, hif tiext step 16 a very important one ; and as emi* grants are i^ so many descriptions, no general ru^ will apply to alii it will therefore be best, to ap^ iply our remarks to each class separately* A labourer who has all the requisites of a far* )ner has nothing; to fear in America.*Mlllany Far« iners have more land than they can well ibaiiage^ ask them the reason, they reply, they want hel|li •--An assistant would enable them tp ct^l^lvate 4 portion of land which from being neglected, li now over-run widi weeds. The Emigrant cannot expect full wages a^ first, but if helse jHMtivic^ h$ may in one year, become ^so expert aii^lel||^ji| what is usually paid to husbandmen ; tluil "' twelve, to ^fif^n dollars per moitth;i «(l^ JN$il XmplcymOnt being obtained, a very diifllciiH'tllil ^ yet remains to be done. The man h4i Hft^^id^' «nd works lor, probably makes his own cyderi^ Some of which is distilled into brandy : both these articles are liberally kept in the Farmer^s hdiNW^^ The Emigrant iii fitee\y supplied with them> and oan buy Ihem cheap elsewhere ; but if he indulge^ in them too freely, particullh'ly spirits, \ie will ao^^ falrt « bid babi^> and iNifai allhis ^tdre «♦ GUIDE TO 9— {f his condqct he proper, he may Jlssociate witK |be soils of the neighbouring t aimers, many of Vhom know, that their ancestors, became proprie* |prs of land from a similar beginning. Before a man can become a complete American Farmer, he must learn to handle the axe dexter* ous]y,.andto distinguish the dificrenjt species of trees, and know whether they ^ill suit the purpose for ivhich they are wanted. . I'he second class of Emigrants are those who hf^ve' trades or professioi^s, but yet are too poor %o begin busiuess for themselves; their object theretore is to procure emplaymqnt: this is gene* rail)' excessively scarce in the sea ports, but wiiich; the counti'y will abundantly furnish. If his trade" or profession is followed ii^ the City, he may en-^ quire for work, but if unsuccessful he ought not- io remain there abpVe two or three days.— liuring fiis stay, he. ought to enquire among those of his. pwn profession where he is likely to find employ-* Blent, and they may probably furnish him with Teferences tliat may be useful to him. In travel- ling he ought not to be sparing in his enquiries,. be IS m no danger of receivitig a rude answer evea^ if he should ask a Squire (s^ Justices are called.)* In America it is expected, that every man shotukt' Attend to his business; and if a. man be out of* employment, it is considered natural to enquire, ior 8ome<^He ought to make his situation andi pl^f(gssion,.known, at the taveri^s whe^e he stopsju ^nd rather cour,t than shun i^onvers«tion witjb thC cpmpanj he £nds, as he may seldom taeet witb^l^ ^ulse. ^ ., -i' \ Sboul4 hejail. rf M9^^iW Jm^I^^^^^^^^ N. 6wfi btisl first mar the Alle^ tageous, this or tl When facility o va «t field for ages yet uno farming, engage 1 perty to a long ti to loose i The ] from 90i either of useful tc vation ai He is or on C landing. Hesli what lin his capi temptim (may bf: )Enowlec kim to< ifi si AMERICA. OS who N. 6wn btidfneW, lie has all the advantages of th^ first man in ajfticulture. The countries west of the Alleghany Monntains, are far the most advan- tageous, of any part of America, ^o Emigrants of this Or the former description. When they arrive at the head of the Ohio, the facility of descending that river opens to them a va»t field in which labour must find a good market for ages yet to come; the vast tract of fine land yet unoccupied, will induce siich a desire for farming, that labourers or other professions, will engage therein, whenever they can obtain pro^ perty to purchase land ; for this reason it will be a long time, before labour will be so redundant a» to loose its value. "" The Emigrant pbssessied of some property, say from 500 to lOGOl., has more 'need of caution than either of the former, but no knowledge will be so useful to him, as what results from his own obser4 ration and experience. * He is advised to deposit his money in a Bank, or on Government Stock, ^.mmeiliatety on faii landing. He should not be too hasty in determining lit what line of business he wili engage hhnsielfafiitt* his capital, as designing men will probably M tempting him to enter into speculations which ttiay bf ruinous s until he Las acquired a sufficieift Icnowledge of men and things, it is dangerous M iiim to engage •iiibtt^iti]^iS.---H^ should if possible^ tftlc#-iM4th hiinktters^J^ introduction,' to some OMeli gfbiiiin^ iYt tbetJiik^il States, whom he Mgltil; i(0i|lioiiaHy^oi}sulb: ^should he decide 'on ilierciin* IfelN^sineso or kecpitig a store; be «ho;ild bft^ •6 GUIDE TO means get A sitnation ki a merchant's tHHViptinf fcouse, or in a store for a year at least ; though ilia wages be small he will still be a gainer. If he adopts agriculture, he ought to procure an assistant if possible, who understands the management of crops and the mode of wot>king land ; if be cannot obtain such a man, he must keep on good terms with his neighbours, who will cheerfully tell him what is necessary to be done^ »-«^ In purchasing land, he ought not to depend entirely on his own judgment^ unless he has made |i tour through tlie country, and attentively con# 9idered the subject. , In a great many triidee or professions, the £mi« i^rant with a capital may meet with less diiiculty than any of ibt' former, if he acts with caution ; much depends on making a judicious choice of the plact ]n^Iiere he fixes his business :m 29 to 4i degrees north latitude, being suitable xot ^ growth of sugar, eottdnand gfain.^wlf he iheatlj ta grow stiga^ he fnilst^ go south of dl^ degfees i if cotton. Sotith of S^ degrees, tot ebrn^ the best is from 55 to 4 i degree ; further Rorfh, the sete^ Kty ami length of the winteita' make it Wstit dts^ icgreeablcf. An Smigf^nl Pafmer, oiighe jAot tti set up hisr own oj^inioti aiid practice aiiinsl- thdi^^ of the old settlers ; many Chvoge whi^ ilt^peai^ tdF Aim to be wrong WyH pro^e ixi M^ i^^; Iktidlf he cultivates the good-'WiU dt \\\t neighbolifd tk^ Allows their advice, he WilT not j(o ^rfft^xti^^J^ii Irill find the succession of cro|H and mii^ of cuW tere vary much fh>m thai in England ; itid thi# afdifiTerent climate win greatly change ^e mehce in June, th^t of Wheat soon lifter, th^ oa^^ follow next, and afterwardis iSi^ bey ttisp\ tfi^ eotttie the potatoes and lastly the iHtfim^r tttt^. \i Ji l^ntchases, and settles upon* wiiaf iir ^dHedf WiM laiki;' his finit work^hould lW> t^j^f i l^e^dkaitd apple orchard; ilid pl&{6^' th^mf alt^ Dfl&tely^ say one peach betWe^tk f W^ a|i^e Weif^ |%i(^!^ ^0 feet asunder. The ^^^^4^ ^664 itovhel^ to mati^ity flfnd t^ sHoK Kved, t!ftey wj^^i , ifUtlle nlur ^eft*tiie^d|i|^ tveeii :^' '^ y\ fc. n GUiDE TO "-—In the^oocly region, the axels the chief imple* inent in the 9ettler''s hand!*» 'and he feels a repug- pant at destroying so much fine timber; but this Reeling soon subsides : and if hjc proceeds to the. Illinois, the NLorth West Territories, or West of the iMississippi, the Prairies will let him settle ivith- OUt much trouble. ,; In the early part of the settlement^ op thench cotintrieb beyond the Alleghanies^ Agues were yery prevalent, and it will perhaps be fQlind, that euuntries in a state of nature, have a tendency to produce it, in proportion to their fertility ; from the vast vegitable matter which decays in autumn^ The new settler has no means of avoiding this evil^ |b|iit: by precaution end preventatives; by a judi^' doui^;d)oice of situation, he may render himself ^nd family less liable to its attacks.— It is very 'l^tural for first settlers to adopt the alluvion of rivers, both on account of its fertility and the con« venience of removing the produce ; and in so imping, they sacrifice their health, to these local i|d vantages.— -Some of these valleys are as healthy fts the uplands, but this is where the river neither overflows its banks, nor is there any stagnant water in the neighbourhood. As to precautions, the ^miflant must be appri^ed^^ that, in these coun^ tries the dews are very copious, and begin to fall Ife&ft^ B^set'-^L^ him avoid either the dew or ^11^;; oc^^if l)ie 4shoul^ W unavoidably exposed ^(^t he will find |Mii^ ^Hii^h^ depends upon Uie quality jp^ #|(i; l^mm^M *is,fa|?iilpt; Mm^is ^l»? Ifi i.¥ .1* . ■.•'>..,s. •ft' * I. i i' ■/" % "S \^ 'ft. ^'^■' \ V^Si^l i>'J^ ;i- 's h 1 »v f-.*- y ^ >^ AMERICA* "better. The itettler may distover iJP tbeiv te^U phur in the water, by laying "& piece of bright wU ver therein, which in that case tum« black. — Ai. little of the inner bark of any of the eaks, infiised in a glassful, turns the water black ; if i* contain* iron. Paper stained blue, by the peUls of any flower of that colour beihg rubbed upon it, turmi green by being cHpped in water, imprcgnate4 with all^ ; and red if an acid. ^ Thel|ttler may, wilh very little trotrble, Wei^i bis own ale, barley being coJtivated west of,jlHl Alleghanies, and hops grow wild in abitndattie; the use of that beverage is supposed t( 5 « p^ ventative of the ague: — Most families iwagiwi' they have a remedy for this complaint «U diffi^w ing from one another.— The Physicians, . in thff •western country, treat it with bark aildlatodA^S Hum; of these the Emigrant ought tti lay Hi 4; i sufficient quantity, to ^pply in case of lieed. - Emigrants to this cbuiitry are* almost of *vetjr Nation in Europe; but it is a rehiarkiblc fa<:t; that the Germ^s, Dutch, and Swisl, succ^i^ much better than those, from any other cown^^ry* —This is not so mu6h owing to their greater fe* ^ustry or econofTiy, as to the more judicious modc they a(4opt in seHHngw^These »peo|^# e«slgM|ili in companies,. lay down plans, and send agents over in whom they can confide. He purchases n suitable quantity of land and prepares the way: when their arrangements are made, they go over in a body."— This mode ha» many and great advaru* , tages ; and its beneflclal effects are conspicuous in .almost every part of the United States, particu* v'^/ in t^e states of New Vork« Neiw Jersey, and \ 4I'« GUrDE TO pSi^lViliU; {n all which States they are in po^ se^ston of the b^tt laiwU-- '(^ome of these colonie* besides the tM ^ intereat, have another bond oC union, i e. aiinijaraty <»f sentiments and belief in teligioufl matters;, but perhaps what has most powerfully induced them to adopt this mode of emigration^ is the circumstance^ of using a \axw fufi^e different from the generfd language of the Tnited States^ which is mueb less inconvenient to a^9ldll9^^ thalt it wpiUd be tp an individual per* jMliiir fiyviiy. ttklSm eomnieiie^ment of the settlement of any rni«idir ^iftficti the progress of improvement 8la#, uptdl a grist and a saw miU are erected ; after which it is ipauch more rapid. ' ^ By thf help of a saw mill« evfry planter in th? fricinity is spoil abla to erect a handsome farm liQitsCi and Ihf grist mill enables them to grind their wheat batq $qv^, fit for a market ; then they Mdly, en$90^ hmd9, tQ enable them to convert ^ foiiats intP Mdi, 3fieidil>g luxuriant crops, — T%esetw9 mills a^Ni the most necessary and use# ful ol^ficia in a x^w cqlony ; altjtiough there are tsmy otbfr# i au^h sa r^ads, bn(^es, $^c. all of mlmh are ipuoh sgol^er eflected^ by the uhite<) •fforti ^f^mlm^g i\m bj individuat tmUie{^ tt^: f* ^ M 1^ Further Instructions to the Emigrant' IV y y * 1 St, When an emigrant arrives in America, who intends to settle there and has fixed upon the stata in which he intends to settle^ it is advisable to re«tf , port himself to the office of one of the courts of record, in the state which he has chosoir, and there set forth his name, birth-p)ai*e, age, nalipii and prior allegiance ; also the countiy. whicih he left to come to the United States, and the place of his intended settlement : t^ . general, foraiA or this report, will be furnished him by the Clerk: of the Court, by whom the report will be made and filed, a certificate of this must be, heyi and produced at the time of applying for admission to citizenship, which admiss^'on cannot be obtained until five years after tlie date >f tUiN certificate. ;' 2nd, Three years before an A]ien can be na*» turaliied, he must appear before one of the Courts: of Record, within the state where he may be, and there declare on oath, that it is, in good faith, his intention to become a citizen, of the United States^ and to renounce all allegiance to any Sovereign^ Prince, Potentate, or Sovereignty whatever, and particularl}' to the Prince, Potentate, or Sovereign,* whereof he may, at the time, be a citizen or sub-* ject. This oath may be. made at any time ai\er tiiu report of arrival, or even at the same time, ^ndthe clerk of the couit ajso gives a certific^e^ m GUIDE TQ c\ that this OAth hai been duly made, which certifi* cate also must be kept and "produced when appU* cation t» made is made for naturaliaation. t; ' 3rd, The applicant, after producing both these certificates, must on oalk declare, before the court, that he will support the constitution of the United States : he must also satisfy the court by two re« spectablc citizens^ who know, and will testify^ that he has resided within the United States ^va ^jfears at least : and in the state where he applies io be Iftdmitted a Citizen at least one year, the jrltrk of the court will then give him a certdtoite ^ natur&Haation, to be kept and produced, when« aver it may be reiiuisite. Ifany Alien who has regularly reported him« •elf, ana made oath, declaratory of his intention to become a Citazen of the United States, (which Idmst precede his own admission three years,) should happen to die belbre he i& actually naturalized, bis l^idaw and children, will thenceforth be con-» ifilerid aa citizens of the United States^ and en<* titled to all its rights and privileges, uprni taking tlie oeth prescribed by law* This is a strong rea- SKUI for making audi report, and taking suck oath of intention, without lost of time» And as the gQvemment securea boUi liberty and property, and neiliiey makes nor suiFera religious distincticms, it deservea Uie fidelity of alt good men. Every emigrant ought, to procure the constitu^ lion of the United States, or at least, of that state in which he means to reside. The consttttttiont and those of the several states are published |i|!n. pddiet volume; and are well worthy the ft^b3|p» #^ of every tt^ctisg repubUcalu > 1^^ ^ i^ .i. t .1 ,1 I AMERfCA. %. %^. Should ymt Und in America withoul eithtf money or friends, be not dejected, you are now in a country of hospitality, whkh the wild Arali never violates, and tb« Americans exercise towards atrangera. Most of the trades may meet with em* ployment in the towns were they land, but far* tners, spinners, weavers, or manufacturers, must probably go into the country before they |»^ fin4 •mployment. TheM is som* weaving both tn New YWk ami Philadelphia; but as emigrants are rapidly arrive kkg they muat not expect to find emi^ymant tberfl Bist if you intend to settle in the vfj^t^n |ta|#f (whidi is every way advise^le) yon 1911st (if j^afit iible) land at fialtiaoore, because it will eai|0 the •xpence aad fatigue of mudi land trfivdUn ^Pittsburgh, which is not more than %4iQ miH Baltimora, but ia JIOO ftom Philadelphia^ and M from New York. Spend as littW tiftie aa paasiUe, in jdie where provistona are high and bospitaUi^ .;]apri therefore if yon are destitute of rooneyj^ aet^ n^ into the oountry, and the first fimaiec^a kQ\m jro^ conie to^ tdl them your wants. We have heard of two young men from Yorkshire, who landed in Canada, but finding no suitable employment, and there having exhausted their money they detail mined to come to the Uniied States,^a: journey 0^ 400 miles wiihont money: the hospitality of tli# people having been sufficient for them, ai^d thejt had wanted ndther lood nor lodging sdJI the Way^: If you intend to go to the Western State% %ii^ •t. Baltimore, and proceed tp Frederio^a Tof^ a Xown^ Ge$sopi^ (arcensbuj^ Ijc^foiA^ M *,.3i ■ i64 OUfDE'TO m- Bi^o^p*n»Vil]e, Washin)g;tbn; W?>«Jiif/|f, SI/ Clairs- ViHe, Zamesville, Lancaster, Cliillicotbe, Charles* toWn, and Cincinnati, or doMin the Ohio River. „ ' Old America seems breaking up and moving westward : we are seldom out of sight of family groups, behind and before us, some are going to in brother or fnend, who has gone before, and r^e[>ofte€^ well of the country. They are travell- ing in all possible modes, some in waggons, somef lisi'/^ailJB> some on horse bade, and some on foot, '^e 'niountain tract is very romantic as w^ll as ^r|.ile> and would be a Jelightful county.btit f(si.r tli€ rigbtir of the winter : the temperature of the «|«iiig is 50: at Richmond it was 57* degrees. f.^^A bkcksmith here earns 20 dollars per month ^^^ liM'board ; lived in a cabin of one room, with d ^deA for which he pays W dollars a year : fire* vr«>od^ doUars pi^r cord, the price is merely that of tbf; liE|b6|]r ; as is in fact most of what you pay i^etr^t^ thing. Kothing is cheap in this country, Ijraillaiid and British goods: land will long be at 4^few prKie, and therefore agriculture is, and long 11^1 be, tt^saie and profitable employment, i The condition of the people of America, id so difrerent iVom any thing we can see in Europe, that it is (lilb«.alt to convey an adequate idea of tiiem. They arc great travellers, and are gene- rally better acquainted with this vast expanse of eoiintry, thaa the English are with their little tsland. / %^ what is most at variance with English iio^ ii^^O^fi" of the American people is, the urbanitj^ii^ dviiity which prevails in places at a distance liil^? laxige cit|ci :. . i. •- ■ ,■■■;>.■;.;•;•; . <■ ^1 / i V' '- ^w4. lairs* tries* ver, . )ving imily Iff ' to and ivell^ foot, ill as tft^r the < / onth th tk fire- that tpay itry, ie at long ■ f - i so ope, a of ene- e of ittle ■n«fe. ■J-"*, . ■.'¥ ■".;■;■; .■- , aJ » , .-. . -> . >. -a *■ - ,■•■ .»'i fe AMfiEICA. Refinement U more mre indeed, And io is e%» treme vuljpirity. At' the taverns, in the towmi «ast of the mountains through which ypu pass, all is done on the gregarious p1"n: every thing is public, by day and by night . whatever be the mamber or quality of the guests, they have their entertainment " en mass/* Three times a day the great bell rings> and 100 persons collect from all quarters, to eat a hurried meal ; composed of almost as many dishes. Ax breakfast there is fish, fiesh^ and fowl ; bread of every shape and kindj butc^ ' eggs, co^ee, tea, and more than you can tliink.oiu Dinner is much hke breakiaf«t, except tea f^ coffee, and supper is breakfast repeatecl. . S<^^ after you assemble again in rooms crq¥||ded ^l^'^' \^eds ; where, after undressing in publ!^, y0UviN^^ lucky if }oa liave not a partner, besidep niyriiljil of bugs. " Xi From what can be collected of Amer}0a,6<9^^^ the Alleghany mountains, I judge that futt^lpf -ill . general vviil succeed in any pait; and that j^(^:; bouvers of all sorts will greatly improve their dition: they will, if saving and industrious, s^tiij acquire enough to enable them to migrate ill quest of land, on which th^ may become pd9«) prietors. I have no doubt of its being greatly advanta«i gcotts to an industrious family, to exchange a jrented farm in England, for a freehold west of th^ Ohio, and the latter would require no mgre capi« tal than the former. An old Irishman, who had brought a wife an^ ^He children, from his native land ; he eaq^jilXMit id QWiu IIU acres of liin^^yi^ .# years ago^ ■id* loS GtJiDfe TO payi^ B doflara a year in taxes; 5 to the general tre;i8Kry ; and S to Iris owti county, t Another farmer came to his new stttlement about 1 4* ye.'ijs ago, and unloaded hh family under a tree, on his present estate, mrhicli is t200 acres of ex- *4Ce]lent land, cleared, and capable of producing from 80 to 100 bushels of Indian corn per acre. ' A poor man who entered on a quarter section 12 years ago and had paid 520 dollars for it ; at tthe end of 5 years, has supported' his family, and Jnds himself w orth frono .S to 4000 dollars. A gentleman who travelled this way 12 years ll^. Slays, that then it was little more than an i|tid[an {Mith, through the wilderness; now it is |: - ;^^itl7[00 of plantations, with small uncleared tracts. * ' )ee8 form an excellent criterion of the quality ^ th^^oi^ hy their species and bulk. L,artd is rapidly rising in price, in all well iSf^^flcd t)]ace8 ; 50 dollars per acre is frequently ^klited of; 30 dollars per acre has been asked for *^lar^e tract of land, without improvement, onthf *Meal Miami, 50 miles from Cincinnati ; and simi<- >SiF prices in other places. ^ But here, as elsewhere, I lament the little valui& •ilte^lrsetofttme; subsistence is procured so easily tliat life is whiled awav in yawning lassitude. - •' The Hod^l compact here, is ttot the confederacy '©fa few, to reduce the many to subjection ; but is, indeed, attid in truth, a conibin'^.tion of talent?!, "by which the good of aU is promoted. There is a great deal of social feeling and much r ^* m. ■■■' -.i-^.^ ...V 4 ' X .. «" ':l^ ^V^ * > 'i ^4 ^MB^fCA^jn fricnd^^ (ind homely ; but tnuch belter informed than the English peasantry, r There are prairies of higher aspect and uneveiL surface, werea few* settlers are found watching their crops. These people are, healthy and, better, complexioned than their nei/yrhbourji iu the woody; country ; it is evident thi?y ! reathe a betieti^^r* ^ The tide of i^imigration from tlie eastern to |he, 'Western states in much stronger^ than ffOfoci ajt. Europe put together. • • t jj Emigrants fr o|n Europe are too aptto^jiinger.jil the eastern citie*/ wastin<^ their timiB, thef^,)xipi)ey^^ and their spirits: they shoa]d;piBth.W(^|VJUf4 un-* mediately, where they can live €h^a|>jttiit^tipE. they can fix themstlves ; two dollars laave^ ^ - speed, will buy ^n acit of good Wd in tbl^ Illinois. V ' »^ The land carriage from Philadelphia to 'j^fl^ iburg^ is from 7 to 10 dollars per 100 pound ;cliptii^ ing, razors^ pocket knives, pencils, mathemalieal instruments, and light articles of constant usefu^ nes^ are to be, takeii : and books, which are macl| wanted in the west : good *j^un lock's are dffficlil(|^ to procure. No heavy implements will pay cai*- riage. Wolves and bears are very numerous, and the latter very injurious to the newly settled districts. Hogs are thehr constant pr^, aiul their holds a^e so strong, the hunters qi^nnot^k^ep down their numbers. There is a swamp of several miles in length, near Shawnee town, which ?a only pas* Sable for man, over the dams made by beavers, and here the bears reign absolute ; tho swamp af- fords abundance of fQ9«Mbr hogsaliiO; ind thejr r ./- ' '•?;. *.V-' ■'•^- fti^l^M**,*- «*•«««. I J' ■~/^V. V m ^^^p^^^^ S"'* ..H: dvfffi t: < less whjm tbey iire ii^ounded; ^)in thcf ti^ Air oiiHY|»Wr^ t^ « grei^ mie, en th^ ll^ .tecrlMlih^ t6e wdm and betr^ ; '»P)|f ^ f)f flPeijutntl^ fivii% tlietti aalhk On l^lliiiit«r iire^^ay liogp^ t#lhr6 miieik is we cilif .^ Ini^^, but thi% ii not Ihe eoumtyy liir fiM ^| xt" laiifi^ whir requiie alMtiidin^ fiiewcird rfal« aiild fi^^ maHif \yW!pwii\ym^% t0r^ Those families Hii^w* r£b^^ cbini fUl^ Wif^tM X#^ai, «l^ld Mng gSf^t:tl)& t^aim^ be diiteM^ ^d6# vhd gHf^aledf Ito Hvr liiNi mei^ i^ ShriiM^Mf^ imd •'♦' ■ ^- ^ i >* >.: J'^:^ .- V? :'■?•- V#-' ■^ ate Ott [fl rniHif iM liring !^-, '.W. ■■*«:,tCi "'A' ■*■; '^,,., .- -wT m V —•;—«>—