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 I' R O M 
 
 
 I OI^ONTOToj^ ORT fjARPvY 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE 
 
 SECOND EXPEDITION 
 
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 I>I_A-I^Y 
 
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PKi:i \ci': 
 
 in tlu" yo;ir 1S72, whon I published my " Diary of the 
 Scfoiu! l'!\pcdition to I''ort (larry," the reason for send- 
 ing the expedition was generally known throuj^hcnit the 
 country. Hut in the lapse ot years many have forgotten 
 and a new ^eii'.M'ation has ^rown up " which knows not " 
 the histor\- ot 22 years a.'^o. Some ot those into whose 
 hands my pamplilet has tallen ha\e asked me to write 
 out an account oi what led to the sending;- of our little 
 expedition. 
 
 After the collapse of (he l"\>nian Raid on the frontier 
 
 i)f Ouebec Province in i<S7(i, the people of C Canada 
 
 I tlunif^hl they had heard the last o'( the I^'enians. The 
 
 <^overnment, however, was aware that they still kept up 
 
 i their orj^anizations and meditated future attacks. In 
 
 I the summer of 187 i the l^'enians planned an invasion oi 
 
 I Manitoba, bein^ incited thereto by O'Donohue, who 
 
 j had been a member of Louis Kiel's I'rnisional Ciovern- 
 
 ' ment in Manitoba. He led them to believe that the 
 
 French Half-breeds would join them en fnassc and that 
 
 if they accomplished nothing" more they would enrich 
 
 themselves with plunder taken from the Hudson Bay 
 
 Company's stores and the gox-ernment buildings. 
 
 While cogfnisant of this scheme the Canadian (iovern- 
 
 ment thought it would come to nothing, knowing- that 
 
 the Kenians had invested all their funds in the purchase 
 
 of Springfield rifles and their conveision into breech 
 
 loaders. (See (iilbert McMicken's pamphlet on "The 
 
 Abortive I'enian Raid oi 1S71," published by Manitoba 
 
 Historical Society.) 
 
 However, O'Donohue succeeded in mustering a body 
 of men numbering nearh' 100, and made his wav with 
 
 ' :h of 
 
 them to the frontier of Manitoba about the 5th ot 
 October. He attacked the Hudson Bav I'ost and the 
 Custom House at Pembina, and received a warm recep- 
 tion from the two or three ollicials there. C'ol. VVheaton, 
 wlu» was in command oi the I'. S. regiment stationed 
 at l^'ort I'embina, followed and dispersed them before 
 they had accomplished much harn, captining' the 
 leaders. 
 
 i 
 
n. 
 
 I'UMACK. 
 
 On tho loth i)f Octolvr this raid was reported at 
 Ottawa, and lU'xt muriiin'^ sonsatioiHiI headings about 
 it di^'coratcd all the daily pap^-is thri)vij,^iunit the country. 
 At that tinu" tht-'rc was no raih-itad nor tok's^'raph within 
 300 miles c\ tho frontier of Manitoba, and new s tra\ cllod 
 sIowIn, so that it was several days before full particulars 
 reached Ottawa. 0\) the 1 ;^th of October an Order in 
 C'ouncil was passeil that an expeditionary force of 2ck> 
 \-olunieers should be sent at oudj to re-inforce the small 
 ;rarrist)n o\' too men then in I'ort Ciarrv. Three men 
 from each battalion o\' \oIunteers were asked for. 
 
 OuQ company of mo inen was enlisted in Quebec, and 
 another of 103 in Ontario. .Six days later, 0.1 October 
 i(>. this force, with about lifty \ oyaj^aMirs, rendezvoused 
 a' C'ollin^wood, as detailetl in the followin<,'' patifes. 
 Tlunii^'h the lifovernment had reason to belie\ethe back- 
 bone of the Fenian movement broken, these re-inforce- 
 ments were sent as a precautionary measure, lest a feu 
 reckless men, assisted by dissatisfied French Half-breec|s, 
 mii^hr do some mischief. The inner facts were not 
 published, however, till several years afterward, and we 
 lielieved there was a strong- probability that we would 
 have fij^htiiii;' to do before the next summer. 
 
 WHien 1 published the diarv- I was a private soldier, 
 subject to military discipline, and not free to criticise 
 the officers. The arranoenients for the comfort and 
 welfare of the soldiers were as complete as could well 
 be devised for such an expedition, and most of the 
 officers did their best for the men under their charge, 
 working with and planning for them, and showing their 
 authority as little as possible. But two or three of 
 them, and notrUily the ensign of my company, seemed 
 so puflied up by their position that they not only avoided 
 the slightest exertion on their own part but harshly and 
 rudely treated the men who were unfortunately under 
 their orders. Miui}' of the non-coms and privates were 
 the superiors in education and social stancling of these 
 oflicers, and some held commissions of higher rank in 
 volunteer regfiments. 
 
 Justus A. Griffin. 
 
 Hamilton, Out., Aug., 1893. 
 
 41 
 
 <A 
 
 i 
 
M 
 
 FROM 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF llll 
 
 Second Expedition to |^ed |<iyer, 
 
 I) I A RV () r A I' K I V Al'i: so I I) I i, K . 
 
 Tfil'rsdav, Or rr. I 0th, 1871. — Havinf; diirinL;' tlio past 
 two clays passed a rii^id medical examination, been .at- 
 
 1 ested and sworn in, and provided witli arms, accoutreraentfl 
 and ammunition, the quota ol tu'enty-iivc men from No. 
 
 2 District, includiuL^ myself, met at tlic Toronto Station 
 of the Northern Railway at 7 a. m., and starte<l l»y the 
 first train for CoUingwood. On tlie same train were also 
 the quotas from several of the eastern districts. We were 
 carried by this train through a beautiful and productive 
 agricultural country, as well as through some fine and 
 thriving towns and villages — Aurora, Newmarket, Brad- 
 ford and Barrie being the most noticeable among them ; 
 Barrie, especially, shows great signs of progress, and being 
 advantageously as well as prettily situated on a gentle 
 slope at the head of Kempenfeldt Bay, a branch ot liako 
 Simcoe, and the centre of a rich agricultural and timber 
 district, it bids fair to be a large and prosperous town at 
 an early date. At 12.;30 p. m., we reached CoUingwood, 
 which is 96 miles from Toronto, and were immediately 
 detailed to our several billets in the hotels of the town, 
 
4 TORONTO TO FOIiT GAKRY. 
 
 aftei , .icli Ave were allowed to sijcnd the remainder of 
 the day as avo chose ; and did so by employing part of it 
 in writing letters, Btrolling about the town, and seeking 
 such amusements as were to be found ; some occupying 
 their time with card-playing, or at billiards, and in drink- 
 ing, while others visited their fellow-craftsmen, or spent 
 the time in reading and conversation. Collingwood is 
 situated on a very sandy strip of country on the Georgian 
 Bay, with a range of hills a few miles from it in the rear, 
 which reminded me of the hills which surround Hamilton, 
 The town itself, though evidently growing, is very scat- 
 tered, and docs not yet present a very substantial appear- 
 ance, most of the buildings being frame ; however, several 
 brick buildings are now in course of erection, which will 
 much improve it, and as the town is the place of tranship- 
 ment for nearly all the trade of the Thunder Bay region, 
 as well as other points on the upper lakes, there can be no 
 doubt that there is a prosi)erous future before it. 
 
 Friday, 'JOth.— -Another day of idleness and ennui. 
 There were two parades for us to-day — one at a. ra., the 
 other at 2 p. m. — but neither of them lasted half an hour. 
 The weather has turned quite raw and cold, while a strong 
 searching wind blows oif the bay, and fills everything and 
 covers everyone with the fine sand of whicli the streets are 
 composed. 
 
 Saturday, 2]st.--The men from the various districts 
 having arrived yesterday and during last night, we were 
 ordered to parade at the railway station at 9 a. m. ; and 
 liaving assembled at that time and place, were inspected 
 by Colonel I\,o<s, Adj.-General of ^lililia, who made a 
 short address. We then marched to the wharf, where we 
 were ()blige<l to remain wiiiletlie stores were being })ut on 
 board, an o})ei;UioM which occupied nearly lour hours. 
 At a little after 1 o'clocl; we were marched on board tlu' 
 steamer Chicora, wlicrc we got our dinner, alter being 
 
 I 
 
inder of 
 irt of it 
 seeking 
 cupying 
 n drinlv- 
 or spent 
 ;woocl is 
 Georgian 
 the rear, 
 [arailton. 
 ery scat- 
 l appear- 
 r, several 
 iiicli will 
 tranship- 
 ly region, 
 can be no 
 
 id ennui. 
 
 a. m., the 
 f an hour, 
 c a strong 
 thing and 
 
 trocts are 
 
 s districts 
 ,, we were 
 1. ni. ; and 
 inspected 
 10 made a 
 , wlioro "\vc 
 'lug put on 
 bur hours. 
 I board the 
 ifter being 
 
 TOUONTO TO FORT GARRY. 6 
 
 served with knives, forks, spoons, tin plates and tin cups, 
 which are to be used during the remainder of our journey. 
 At, or a little before i o'clock, we, or ^'athcr the Chicora^ 
 with U8 on board, started for Thunder Bay, and wo. now 
 felt ourselves to be at last fairly on our way to the great 
 North- West. Tlie day was pleasant and the water calm, 
 so that all were in good spirits as wo rapidly glided away 
 amid the cheers of the assembled crowd. Before the 
 shades of night had fully settled dov/n upon us we were 
 nearly out of sight of land, but thougli we could not liow 
 gaze upon the beauties of terra Jwrna, many of us found 
 pi 'asure in standing upon the deck and viewing the moon- 
 lit waters of the Georgian Bay. 
 
 SusiDAY, ^2nd. — Awaking at an early hour this morn- 
 ing, the first object that greeted ray sight as I looked out 
 of the cabin window was a i)iece of woodland within a few 
 hundred yards of the boat, and all tlie remainder of the 
 day we were continually passing among the lovely islands 
 of the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron — at times passing 
 within a few yards of them when jaiiing through some 
 narrow channel ; and the thought occurred frequently that 
 these islands would make fine farms, and wo'ild be beauti- 
 ful situations for residences were it not for the fact that 
 they are isolated from the rest of the world nearly five 
 months of the year, for they are heavily wooded with fine 
 timber and appear to be fertile, and in fact I learned from 
 the Captain of the Chicora^ who has been sailing on these 
 lakes many years, that in his opinion there was not more 
 fertile land in Canada than is to be found on some of these 
 islands ; and it appears that the fact of being shut out 
 from comnmnication with the other parts of the world 
 durinur the winter months does not deter some from tak- 
 ing up their abode on tliesc islets, since we saw during the 
 day a large clearing with two comfortable looking farm 
 houses, witli their outbuildings and barns, upon one of 
 
 i 
 
6 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 
 the islands wliicli we passed, Avliicli presented a very 
 prosperous and civilized appearance. At about 4 p. ra. 
 we stopped at a small coaling station on the Michigan 
 shore of Lake Huron. Leaving this point we proceeded 
 through scenes equal in beauty to those we had been 
 previously viewing, and which by tlieir ever-varying 
 charms kept our interest from flagging. During the 
 evening we entered the St. Mary River, and now, in the 
 opinion of many of us, we were surrounded by the most 
 attractive and bewitching scenery we had yet cast our 
 eyes upon, and a number of us gathered in the bow of the 
 boat, where we sat and enjoyed the beauties by which we 
 were surrounded ; for though it was now night, there was 
 a cloudless sky, and the moon in all her splendor poured 
 down her soft silvery beams upon us, ui)on the rippling 
 waters of the beautiful winding river, and upon its evei- 
 green clad banks. Between 9 and 10 o'clock p. ra., we 
 reached the Sanlt Ste. Marie, and as we could not pass 
 through the canal until morning, the steamer lay to for the 
 night. This day has been the least like Sunday of any I 
 ever spent; there was no religions service of any kind 
 held upon the boat, though some of us employed part of 
 our time in reading our Bibles, but instead of being a day 
 of rest and worship, the time was chiefly occupied in 
 serving out to us the clothing and the various other 
 articles whicli comprise a soldier's kitt, or at least a part 
 of them, the rest being left over for distribution to-morrow. 
 
 Monday, '23rd. — The first thing which saluted our ears 
 this morning Avas an order for us to remain in the cabin, 
 and on no consideration to show ourselves upon deck, 
 lest some of the American officials might deem it their 
 place to forbid the passage of Canadian troops through 
 the canal, as they did in the case of tlie first expedition, 
 in which event we would be compelled to march round 
 the rapids ; not being possessed of any very strong 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 a very 
 t 4 p. ra. 
 ^lichigan 
 voceeded 
 lad been 
 r-varying 
 iring the 
 •w, in the 
 the most 
 , cast our 
 »o\v of the 
 which we 
 tliere was 
 iM- poured 
 
 rippling 
 )n its ever- 
 i p. ra., we 
 Id uot pass 
 Y to tor the 
 y of any I 
 I" any kind 
 icd part ol' 
 )eing a day 
 )CCUDied in 
 
 A. 
 
 :iou8 other 
 least a part 
 to-morrow. 
 
 ,ed our ears 
 
 1 the cabin, 
 upon deck, 
 ;em it their 
 :)ps through 
 , expedition, 
 II arch round 
 very strong 
 
 desire to carry ourselves, much less a quantity of stores 
 over several miles of a road which, if report speaks 
 truly, is by no means easy to travel, we were careful not 
 to put ourselves in the way of being seen ; nevertheless, 
 being desirous of seeing these much talked of rapid**, 
 several of us perched ourselves upon the table in the 
 cabin and looking out of a small window over the hur- 
 ricane deck, contrived to get a somewhat circumscribed 
 view of the river and the rapids, enough, in fact, to create 
 in us a lomjinii: for n more extended view as well as more 
 time and liberty to note and enjoy the varied beauties of 
 the scene. Between us and the river was a narrow rocky 
 strip of land on which were a few scattered wigwams, 
 while their Indian owners were to be seen in the vicinity 
 in various attitudes, some performing their morning 
 ablutions, and others standing, sitting and reclining list- 
 lessly about ; beyond the river could be seen a level 
 track of country with a back-ground formed by a range 
 of high hills, clothed with the rich verdure of an ever- 
 green Ibrest. But we were soon out of the canal, and 
 now we entered the upper-end of the river or rather 
 what I should call a large bay, for such it seemed rather 
 than a river. Shortly after this we reached and stopped 
 at a small hamlet, called Point aux Pins, which I believe 
 is a Hudson's Bay Company's post, but of that I am not 
 certain. Leaving this landing place our good boat 
 rapidly made her way out into the broad waters of that 
 great fresh water inland sea, Lake Superior, and as the 
 boat sped her way over and through the great waves a 
 feeling was produced which brought to mind the opening 
 stanza of Byron's " Corsair" : 
 
 " O'er the glad waters of the dark blue sea, 
 
 Our thoughts as boundless and our souls as free." 
 
 But while some of us were thus indulging in poetical 
 emotions and enjoying the motion of the boat as we 
 
 i 
 
8 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 I 
 
 watched the rising nnd falling of the waves and caught 
 occasional glimpses of wood-crowned hills on the distant 
 horizon, others were seized with sea-sickness to such a 
 degree as to preclude all enjoyment from the voyage, and 
 some even felt so miserahle that tlicy regretted having 
 started on the expedition. Tlie remainder of our " kitt" 
 was scrv^ed out to us to-day, and we are no^v certainly 
 pretty Avell equipped for the work which is before us. 
 The " kitt" consists of the following articles : Two 
 heavy blankets, two oil sheets, a fur cap, a pair of leather 
 mitts, a pair of moccasins, a pair of ammunition shoes, 
 a red woollen night-cap or chute, as many of my com- 
 rades call it, a muffler, two strong and warm over-shirts, 
 such as are worn by soldiers of the British army, and in 
 addition to their othei qualities is that of size, for tliey 
 would, I believe, fit the largest man in the country. 1 
 overheard one of our corporals, who is six feet three 
 inches tall and built in proportion, remark that his shirt 
 fitted him like a sentry-box; but to go on with the enume- 
 ration of articles — tliere arc two knitted woollen under- 
 shirts or guernseys, two pair of knitted woollen drawers^ 
 four pair ot socks, a pair of suspenders, two linen towels, 
 a liold-all (for needles, tliread, &c.), needles and thread, 
 blacking-brushes and clothes brush, a large clasj) knife, 
 knife, fork, spoon, tin-plate, tin-cup, and about a pound of 
 soap ; all of which, together with our greatcoats, forms a 
 pretty good load when packed in and on our knapsacks, 
 and in addition to these arc our arms and accoutrements 
 and sixty rounds of ball ammunition. There arc also 
 snow-shoes for us, but they are to be carried in bundles 
 until we need them, and it is to be hoped there will be no 
 necessity for their use. 
 
 Tuesday, 24th. — On going out on deck this morning I 
 saw a large island in front of us, which I learned was 
 Isle Royale, an American island. It is about sixty miles 
 
 is 
 
 th( 
 
 nu 
 
 as 
 
 lie 
 
 .ste 
 
 ab( 
 
 ma 
 
 '4^ 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 9 
 
 a caught 
 c distant 
 o such a 
 yage, and 
 !d having 
 kitt" 
 
 ir 
 
 (( 
 
 certainly 
 before u?. 
 es : Two 
 of leather 
 ion shoes, 
 
 my com- 
 ver-shirts, 
 iiy, and in 
 ;, for they 
 ountry. I 
 feet three 
 ,t his shirt 
 he enunic- 
 llen under- 
 n drawers, 
 len towels, 
 nd thread, 
 ;lasp knife, 
 a pound of 
 ts, forms a 
 knapsacks, 
 outrements 
 e are also 
 
 in bundles 
 
 will be no 
 
 [ morning I 
 earned was 
 sixty miles 
 
 long and appears to be a huge mass of rocks almost 
 devoid of vegetation, though there is a sufficient growth 
 of (»vergreen trees to give it a picturesque appearance, 
 lieyond this again, with an intervening space of twenty- 
 iivc miles, towered the massive front of Thunder Cai)e, 
 wliich we were rapidly n*'' zing. Having entered the 
 cabin after viewing these scenes for a short time, I was 
 called out again by one of my comrades, named Telford, 
 an Irishman, who has sailed and travelled a great deal, 
 who said, 
 
 " Come, see the Giant's Causeway." 
 
 " The Giant's Causeway ? I only wish it were possible," 
 I said, '' but what do you mean ?' 
 
 '' Do you see that long high rock almost directly id 
 front of us, and several small islands to the left of it?" 
 
 '' Yes; and there is the mainland beyond it ; that is 
 Thunder Cape, at the mouth of Thunder Bay." 
 
 " Well, at this distance it is almost an exact counter- 
 part of the Causeway." 
 
 He tlien named the islets and parts of the great Irish 
 wonder, in accordanee with his conceptions of their 
 resemblance, but my memory docs not serve me Avell 
 
 « 
 
 enough to preserv(! them. 
 
 At 10 a. m. Ave rounded an island of some size and came 
 suddenly up to Silver Islet, so celebrated during the past 
 two year.s for its enormous yield ot silver. This placi; 
 presented a scene of lift; .'iiul activity, for thougli the 
 island itself ])res('nts to view nothing but bare rock, all 
 the trees having been cleared olT, yv.l tliere were great 
 numbers of men at work ai various em})loyments, while 
 as habitations for thein and their fainilios were to be seen 
 nearly tliirty houses, and by the dock were moored two 
 steani'tugs and several other boats. All the islets here- 
 abouts, and there are many v( ihem, seem to be mere 
 masses of solid rock, on wliic-h grow a lew stunted ever- 
 
 
10 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 greens Avitlioiit an apparent soil to sustain them. After 
 a short stay at Silver Islet we continued to wind our way 
 in and out among these islets till we reached the entrance 
 to Thunder Bay, Avhich is guarded on one side by Tliun- 
 der Cape, towering to the height of 1,:{5() feet above the 
 level of the lake, and about 'J, 000 feet above the level of 
 the sea. It is said, whetlierVuthlully or not, that there is 
 a small lake on the summit of this rock ; opposite to the 
 Cape, and guarding the other side of tlie entrance is 
 another massive rock 1,200 feet above the level of the 
 lake ; on the inner side of this is an outline bearinor a 
 strong resemblance to tlie human face, which is called 
 " The Old Woman." When in about the centre of the 
 bay one of the paddle-wheels of the steamer got broken, 
 which delayed us over an hour. About 1 o'clock the 
 ChiCora cast anchor in the bay, not being able to get up 
 to the small pier at Prince Arthur's Landing, and we 
 were landed by a scow, which was drawn backward and 
 forward from the boat to the shore by means of ropes. 
 Having landed a part of our stores, we pit(^hed our tents 
 and began to prepare for the real work of the expedition, 
 80 far as we are concerned. So far, we have had very 
 little to do, but to-raorrow we will commence our work in 
 earnest. Some guide books say that tfiis place is only 
 551 miles from Collingwood, but this must be in a straight 
 line, for I was informed by the captain of the Chmora 
 that the actual distance travelled by the steamer was not 
 less than 750 miles. 
 
 Wednesday, 25th — At 6 o'clock this morning reveille 
 sounded, and we were aroused after spending the night 
 very comfortably in our tents. During the night there 
 was a heavy thunder-storm, giving us an evidence of the 
 appropriateness of the name given to the Bay on the 
 shores of which we are now encamped. Prince Arthur's 
 Landing, which is distant about four miles from Fort 
 
 on 
 
 grej 
 
 at 
 
 dv'u 
 
 villi 
 
 ioni 
 
 stoi 
 
 Aft| 
 
 assil 
 
 -stes 
 
 W( 
 
 on 
 
 M 
 
TORONTO TO PORT GARRY. 
 
 11 
 
 1. After 
 our ^vay 
 entrance 
 by Tliun- 
 above the 
 le level oi* 
 It there ia 
 site to the 
 ntrance is 
 vq\ of the 
 bearing a 
 I ia called 
 litre of the 
 ;ot broken, 
 ydock the 
 e to get up 
 [10-, and we 
 jkward and 
 ]s of ropes, 
 id our tents 
 expedition, 
 e had very 
 our work in 
 )lacc is only 
 in a straight 
 he Clmora 
 nier was not 
 
 ning reveille 
 ing the night 
 night there 
 dence of the 
 Bay on the 
 ince Arthur's 
 les from Fort 
 
 William, is now a village containing about forty houses, 
 with some twenty others in course of construction, and is 
 evidently destined to be a large and prosperous place at 
 no very distant date ; not only on account of its position 
 in relation to the route to the North-West, but because it 
 is the natural outlet of one of the richest mineral regions 
 in the world, which is now only begiiming to be opened. 
 It is well known that the surrounding country is rich in 
 veins of ^Iver, copper, iron and lead, and it is now re- 
 ported that gold has been discovered on the shores of 
 Lake Shebandowan, which is about forty-five miles from 
 here. But it is equally certain that it will never be the 
 market for an agricultural district, for though what little 
 soil there is appears to be very rich, yet the soil is thin 
 and crops are liable to be injured by frost ; nevertheless, 
 good potatoes, cabbages and other vegetables are raised, 
 as also oats and hay, and doubtless a sufficient quantity 
 of these will be produce<l to supply the wants of a great 
 many of the miners by whom this region will be thickly 
 populated ere many years. About three o'clock this 
 morning half of No. 2, (Quebec) Company marched away 
 on the Shebandowan road, and between two and three 
 o'clock in the afternoon ti^e remaining fifty started. 
 Haviuir eaten our breakfast and rolled our blankets and 
 great coats ready for the march, forty of us were detailed 
 at 7 a. m., to remove a quantity of Hour, rice, i»eas, and 
 dried apples from the small pier to a store-house in the 
 village, these being designed to supply us with provis- 
 ions for six mouths, if we are so unfortunate as to be 
 stopped by the freezing uj) of the lakes and rivers. 
 After having completed this jol> some of the men 
 assisted in unloading from the scow the machinery for the 
 steamboats which are to Ite put upon the Lake of the 
 Woods and Kainy Lake, and which was brought up 
 on the (Jhicora. We were dismissed from this 
 
12 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT (URRV. 
 
 (( 
 
 fatigue," .as it is called in military language, at a. m., 
 and immediately after, I, with live others, was warned 
 for guard, and had to go on immediately. While on 
 guard a prisoner Avas brought us who served in ths 
 late Franco-Prussian war, and also served in Algiers, 
 and entertained us with accounts of the French army and 
 the late war. About noon the steamer Manitoba ar- 
 rived with horses and waggons, wliich were to carry our 
 baggage aiul i>rovisions to Lake Shebandowan, and the 
 cattle which are to furnish us with fresh meat part of tlie 
 way. It is raining heavily this evening, ?nd av(> have a 
 wet and a muddy prospect before us. 
 
 Thursday, 2(;th — A dismal, damj), cold jnorning, with 
 a steady soaking rain, and no sign of clearing up. At 
 8 o'clock, [^ ni., we were relieved from guard, and de- 
 tailed to tale charge of some baggage waggons, and 
 shortly after .lur Company, No. 1, (Ontario,) one hundred 
 and three men, marched away, liaving deposited their 
 knapsacks and blankets in waggons provided for that 
 purpose, but for some reason the waggon of which I was 
 in charge was not provided with horses till eleven o'clock, 
 and my comrades were then miles away on the road. 
 After standing by the waggon in the drenching rain 
 three hours waiting for a team and teamster, they at 
 length arrived, and I, too, left the last signs of civilized 
 life behind. Six miles through a wild and rocky countryj 
 and we arrived at the camp of some of the workmen on 
 the road, and we sto])ped witli them for dinner, heartily 
 enjoying their camp-made bread and bean soup. By 
 this lime the rain had turned to snow, and fell so thick 
 and last that in less than an hour it had become several 
 inches deep. Leaving this place we toiled on tlirough 
 the mud and snow about seven miles, wlien the teamster, 
 who had been paying his attentions very assiduously to a 
 bottle of brandy lor some time, became quite reckless, 
 
TORONTO TO FOliT GARllY. 
 
 13 
 
 t a. ra., 
 ,s warnecl 
 While on 
 7e(\ in the 
 1 Algiers, 
 I army and 
 nitoha ar- 
 > carry our 
 m, and the 
 part of the 
 ^0 have a 
 
 rning, with 
 ig up. At 
 d, and de- 
 orffons, and 
 »ne hundred 
 )sited their 
 cd for that 
 ,vhich I was 
 yen o'clock, 
 n the road, 
 iiching rain 
 ,er, tliey at 
 3 of ciyilizcd 
 cky country, 
 workmen on 
 ner, heartily 
 soup. By 
 11 so thick 
 jme seyeral 
 on tlirough 
 ho teamster, 
 duously to a 
 lite reckless, 
 
 and alhjwing liis horses to go as thi-y plfiiscd/tlicy drew 
 the waggon into tlie ditcli, jind in endeavouring to got 
 it out again the doubletree of the waggon was broken. 
 Tt had now becfme quite dark, and not only was the 
 wnow falling fast, but frost began to make itself felt, 
 and as we had no moans of repairing the danuige, the 
 teamster unhitched his horses and 1 shouldered my 
 blankets, and we trudged two miles further, where we 
 reached a log ciibin called the Fifteen Mile Shanty. Here 
 were all the staff ofiicers of our force, the rear-guard, and 
 two or three stragglers. As so^" as we had got our 
 clothes thawed out a little we partook of a hearty supper, 
 and then the teamster with whom I had been trayelling 
 started back to Thunder Bay, while the rest (»f us made 
 preparations for spending the night in the shanty, by 
 drying ourselves as well as possible and spreading 
 down our blankets in the most eligible positions we could 
 tind. The main body of the force had taken their dinner 
 at this stopping ])lace, and they went on, so that I did 
 not haye an opportunity to know how they enjoyed 
 their day's march, but suppose they were not only fa- 
 tigued, but like myself, covered with ice and snow, and 
 with greatcoats stiff enough to staiul alone. 
 
 Friday, STth. — Last night was a yery cold as well as 
 stormy one, and the ground is frozen quite hard this 
 morning. During the night a number of Indians, half- 
 breeds and French Canadian yoyageurs came into the 
 shanty, then ensued a babel which both interested and 
 amused me, for while the soldiers were talking English, 
 the French t'anadians and half-breeds vere conversing 
 with each other and the cook of the shanty in French, and 
 the Indians were using their own language, Avhicli I 
 believe Avas the Iroquois. At an hour earlier this 
 morning the voyageurs began to take their departure, 
 and soon after some more came in from Thunder Bay, all 
 
14 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 being on their way to assist tis in our journey. It is an 
 interesting 8tu<ly to observe the manners and custorap of 
 tlieso half-eiviiized navigators of our raj»i(l and dangerouft 
 Canadian rivers, and among other things I rvas much 
 interested by thtir mode of travelling on laud: — They 
 march in single file, and when the leading one reaches one 
 of these wayside shanties he quietly enters, seats himself 
 by the fire to warm or dry himself, and so ho lights his 
 pipe, makes some remark to the cook, and prepares to eat 
 his supper ; by this time another arrives, and so they 
 keep on dropping in one at a time; then after talking with 
 each otJier a short time and smoking their pipes they 
 spread their blankets on the floor and go to sleep ; in the 
 morning, as soon as one has finished his breakfast, he ties 
 on his scarf, picks up his blankets, and starts without 
 saying a word, the only notice of his departure being the 
 closing of the door, for his moccasined feet make no noise 
 on the floor ; and so they depart as they came, noiselessly 
 and solitarily. During the forenoon, the staff'-oflicers and 
 the rear-gnard, who had si)ent the night with me, started 
 on with the waggons with which they had previously been 
 marching, but as no team had yet arrived for the broken- 
 down vehicle of which I had the misfortune to be the 
 guard, I was compelled to remain till three o'clock in the 
 afternoon, v;hen a team and teamster came and we pro- 
 ceeded on our way. By this time it was snowing again, 
 but the marching was much better than yesterday on 
 account of the road being frozen. Between this stopping- 
 place and the next, which is six miles distant, we passed 
 two small lakes and a large stream called Strawberry 
 Creek, and were contifuially passing through lovely 
 scenery, the road winding in and out among the dome-like 
 hills, and sometimes passing over them, so that at times 
 we could see the hills towering around us and at other 
 times could look down on the hills below us and deep 
 
 raj 
 roi 
 
 P' 
 bcl 
 
 it 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 15 
 
 ravines between then). Most of theso Inigf* mounds of 
 rock are covered with a thick growth of maple, birch, 
 poplar and evergreen trees ; thougli some of them have 
 been stripped bare by fires, and then they look like huge 
 specimens of those granite boulders 'vhich abound in some 
 parts of Ontario, and in truth granite appears to be the 
 principal component in their formation. At times, having 
 gone some distance in advance of the waggons, an op- 
 portunity would be afforded to stoj) for a few moments 
 gaze upon the view spread before rac; one place In partic- 
 vlar dwells in my memory, where I stood for some time to 
 feast my eyes with the beauties of i scene Avhich, while it 
 was but a type of many through which Ave passed, might 
 Avell furnish a subject for the pencil of an artist, but no artist 
 being present the scene was not committed to paper, though 
 it was indelibly photographed upon the tablet of my 
 brain, and preserved in the album of my mind. The 
 road being very winding, only a few hundred yards of it 
 was visible from the hill upon which I had halted, while 
 the hills which rise in every direction were covered with 
 such a thick growth of fir, spruce and other evergreens 
 that it would be almost impossible for a man to make his 
 way through the dense forest, and these growing 
 down to within a few yards of the road, which was, in 
 common with all the surround ig country, shrouded in a 
 snowy mantle of fleecy whiteness, while tlie trees retained 
 enough of the soft white snow to vary the appearance of 
 their robes of verdant foliage with the fringe of purest 
 white ; and all this seen between the flakes of the gently 
 falling snow, while a solemn silence reigned around un- 
 broken siu'c by the chipping of a ground squirrel which, 
 unused to the presence of mankind, perched himself upon 
 a fallen tree about a yard from me, and by the twittering 
 of a flock of snow-birds which hovered about the road. 
 About dusk in the evening we reached the Kam\iistiquia 
 
10 
 
 TOROKTO lO I'OUT GAKBY. 
 
 UiviT, and as the trainstcrs rcf'ust'd to go further till to- 
 morrow, llicre WMH nothiiif]? lor it but to put up in the 
 slianty for tlio night. The KaininisLi<|uia is a clear rapid 
 rivor, about lifVy yards in \vi<Uli, and in hero crossed by 
 an excellent bridge. It is said that tlic scenery through 
 which this river passes is truly magnitlcent, and that the 
 Kaministiquia Falls, some miles below this point, are 
 equal in lieight and grandeur, though not in width, to the 
 Falls of Niagara, while the surrounditig scenery is even 
 more graiully beautiful ; but for this I have only the word 
 of a few of the men of the J"'irst Expedition who accom- 
 pany us, but I am inclined to flunk that they are some- 
 what given to exaggeration, still there can be no doubt 
 that there is surpassingly beautifid scenery to be found in 
 this region of rocks, lakes and rivers. In conversation 
 to-night with a man who has been living in these parts 
 several years, T learned that good crops of oats and barley 
 have been raised, and that hopes are entertained of the 
 success of Avhcat culture in the valleys which arc plenti- 
 fully found among these hills. 
 
 Saturday, 'JStli. — At seven o'clock this morning Ave 
 once more took the road, and after travelling two hours 
 through a hilly and a barren district we reached the Mata- 
 wan ]5ridge and IShanty at nine o'clock. It was here that 
 the majority of my comrades spent Thursday night, a few 
 of them in the shanty, but the greater number in the open 
 air, notwithstanding that there was a sharp frost and that 
 their clothing had been completely saturated with the 
 heavy rain of that day, but of course it was an unavoid. 
 able circumstance, as there was no place of shelter for 
 them ; those who had got no further than tne Kaminis- 
 tiquia were more fortunate, as they were all able to get 
 into the shanty there. The MataAvan River is about the 
 same size as the Kaministiquia, and is, like it, swift and 
 rapid, and passes through an equally wild tract of country, 
 
TORONTO TO FORT r.ARRY. 
 
 17 
 
 bcinj^ only Gvo luiles from that river, and about twenty- 
 six from Thunder Bay. We only remained hero a few 
 motnents and then proceeded on our journey, and at noon 
 reached tlic Osconcgon River, which is scarcely so largo 
 as the Matawan, but is a very fine stream. Having dined 
 at tl»is place, and been providud with fresh horses for the 
 waggons, another start was made, and in a short time we 
 again came in sight of the Matawan, and were seldom out 
 of sight of it until we reachetl Lake Shobandowan. At 
 five o'clock, p. m., we arrived at Shebandowan Landing 
 which is nearly fifty miles trom Thunder Bay, by ihe 
 road. Here we found, in add'tiou V* a 1 true sioue house 
 and several hhanties, a large and comfoii..ble iwo-s'ory 
 hoUfc.e, provided lor the uu; ot ii.iuiii^iunts ; ihe ground 
 lloor is divide i into two parts, and in the upper story are 
 lour or five rooms, the euliie length of the house being 
 40 ft. X 30 tt. in width. If houses similar to this ar»' to 
 be contru(!te<l at ;dl the stop]>ing places it wUi wdd wiuch 
 to the comfort 0£ emigrants who may uome by tijis rc^ad 
 in futures years. 
 
 My comrades, Avith the exception of one man — a butcher, 
 who remained to get ready some meat for the force — had 
 taken their depaiture about an hour before our arrival, 
 and orders were left for that man and myself to proceed 
 with our stores in company with the voyageura to-morrow 
 morning. It was within a few miles ot this place that 
 gold was recently discovered, and as the region is also 
 rich in other metals it will probably be the scene of much 
 activity next year and in all future years. 
 
 Sunday, 29th. — At eight o'clock this morning we em- 
 barked in one of the boats provided for the first expedition, 
 and which are to bo used for us likewise, lor the next 
 400 miles. These boats are of several sizes, and are from 
 25 to 30 ft. in length, five or six feet in width, and from 
 three or four feet in depth, with six, seven, or eight oars, 
 
18 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 according to size, and fitted for two masts and small sails 
 — but we had only one sail for many of them — and carry 
 four or five tons weight. Having got everything ready 
 for a start, "a tow-line was thrown to t)ic tug, which is 
 nothing more or less than one of the expedition boats 
 fitted up with an engine of about 4-horse power ; and now 
 we are on Lake Shebandowan. This lake is about 30 miles 
 in length, and appears to one more like a river than a lake, 
 80 narrow and winding is it. It does not appear to be 
 more than live miles in width at the widest part, in many 
 places is not more than 100 yards wide, and in one 
 l)lace narrows to about 15 yards. It is surrounded by a 
 very rocky and hilly country, some of it wooded, but much 
 of it quite bare from the cfiects of fires. On this lake we 
 met a large canoe containing ten Indians, which was a 
 novel sight to eyes accustomed to city sights and more 
 civilized styles of boats, while it was astonishing to see 
 the rapidity and regularity with which the paddles were 
 handled, and the swiftness with which the canoe, like a 
 vision, glided away. At noon, we readied the Kashor 
 boywa Portage, and went into the shanty foi dinner, just as 
 another heavy snow storm commenced. Having partaken 
 of a hearty dinner, we portaged our goods, with the help 
 of a span of horses and wagon, loaded them again, and set 
 out upon Lake Kasheboywa, our party now consisting of 
 two soldiers and about twenty or twenty-five voyageurs. 
 For the first two or three miles we had to depend upon 
 our oars as means of locomotion, but at last, in the many 
 turnings of our route, we came into a favorable wind, 
 when the sails were hoisted and we were wafted along 
 much more swiftly and easily. Our time, not being occu- 
 pied at the oars, was employed in listening to stories told 
 by the Indian and lialf-breed voyageurs, some of whom 
 were from the Sault Ste. Marie, and others from the east- 
 ern parts of the country. At about seven o'clock, in the 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 19 
 
 ^• 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 midst of a blinding snow btorni, we reached iLe Height- 
 of-Land Portage, and having unloaded the boats, we went 
 into a wigwam stacdmg near, and were informed by the 
 voyageurs, to whom it belonged, that the soldiers were at 
 the other end of the portage, about a mile and a quarter 
 away, and after getting warmed, I strapped on my kiian- 
 sack and shouldering my blankets, started across the 
 portage, while the voyageurs prepared their camp. 
 Having crossed the portage, I reported to the captain, and 
 joined my comrades about their camp-fires. About half 
 of the company were crowded into a shanty which hss 
 neither windows nor chimney, and was filled with the 
 smoke of two large fires, while the remainder were scarce- 
 ly less comfortable in the midst of a snow-storm out of 
 doors, around huge fires on which they were continually 
 piling wood by armfuls at a time, and round which some 
 performed an Indian war dance, for the double purpose of 
 keeping themselves warm and to pass the time. This 
 Height-of-Land Portage is so called from being situated 
 on that elevation or water-shed known as the Height-of- 
 Land, and from which the river runs in opposite direc- 
 tions, those on the one side running towards the south and 
 south-east into the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, while those on the other side run toward the 
 north and north-east into the Hudson's Bay and the 
 Arctic Ocean. 
 
 Monday, 30th. — Having spent a very uncomfortable 
 night, during which very few of us got any sleep, and those 
 few not being much refreslied by it, we loaded our boats 
 and prepared for an early start, but for some reason we 
 did not get started till nearly eleven o'clock. The snow 
 on this portage is now nearly a foot in depth, which, 
 with the ice on the lakes, makes everything have a wintry 
 appearance. At eleven, a. m,, we set out upon the Lac 
 de Mille Lacs, or, the Lake of a Thousand Lakes and 
 
20 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 Islands, which is a very large lake and full of islands, and 
 to-day it was very rough, the wind being dead ahead of 
 us all the time, which made the rowing very hard for ua, 
 though as there were from fifteen to twenty men in each 
 boat, we were able to take turns at the oars, and so have 
 ^ rest occasionally. In one place, where the islands were 
 so close together as to protect the water from the wind, 
 we came to a narrow passage only about ten yards in 
 width, in which was a fis]jing-nct belonging to xn Indian 
 who had his camji on an island close at hand. The Indian 
 stood by his wigwam with his children, wliile his squaw 
 paddled off to protect the net. We, of coarse, took care 
 not to injure the net, but stopped to give the squaw some 
 
 evening 
 
 we 
 
 hard-tack and tobacco. At about dusk of 
 came in sight of Baiil Portage, having rowed upwards of 
 30 miles to-day, but wc were obliged to break our way 
 through about half a mile of ice in order to reach the 
 portage. Having at length arrived there, we immediately 
 set to work to unload the boats and portage them and the 
 cargoes, which work occupied us till nearly midnight, 
 when we retired to our tents, which two or three men 
 from each boat had pitched while the others were at the 
 other work, having first to clear places in the snow in 
 which to pitch them, and in some cases they had to clear 
 away brush and trees for the same purpose, and as there 
 was no dry wood to be had, there was some difficulty in 
 building f res, which were almost a necessity, not only for 
 cooking our eveniug meai, but also to dry our clothing. 
 
 TuESDAv, 31st. — Having been aroused at four v..'clook, 
 after about four hours sleep, we finished loading our boats 
 and set out upon Baril Lake, each boat having an Indian 
 voyageur allotted to it, as a guide. This lake is about eight 
 miles long, and^like all the other lakes through which 
 we have passed, is studded with beauiiful islands 
 of various sizes and shapes, and is surrounded by 
 
TOEONTO TO FORT GAKRT. 
 
 21 
 
 the Barae domc-liko hills which have jrreeted our 
 Bight every day since leaving Thunder Bay ; in the 
 valleys between and on the sides of many of these hills 
 there is evidently much rich soil, judging by the vegeta- 
 tion which they support, though at this season of the year 
 when the ground is white with snow, it is hard to form a 
 good opinion in this respect ; but it is possible that these 
 valleys may yet furnish a large portion of the agricultu- 
 ral produce which will be necessary for the support of 
 the raining population which this section of country is 
 destined to employ ; yet it is probable that the greater 
 portion of such support will be drawn from the more fer- 
 tile regions to the south-east, the north and north-west. 
 At ten a. m., we reached Brule Portage, which is three- 
 quarters of a mile in length. Having portaged boats and 
 stores, and having partaken of a hearty dinner, of which 
 we had great need, in consequence of having had a scanty 
 breakfast and having worked very hard, we again em- 
 barked, and started upon Windegoostogoon, which is a 
 succession of small lakes connected by narrow and in 
 Kome places rapid streams ; the entire length being about 
 twelve miles. In passing through three of the con- 
 necting lakes between the different parts of this lake, our 
 boat got stuck upon rocks and sand-bars, and there was 
 some difficulty in getting it free, and at the fourth the 
 current was so swift that nearly all the crew were com- 
 pelled to get upon the slioro and hold the boat by a tow- 
 line, while two or three remained in it to guide it among 
 the rocks ; in the sixth, wliich was about half a mile long, 
 the difficulty was that the stream was so crooked that 
 the boat could go very little more than its own length 
 without turning a corner, and at its mouth was a sand- 
 bar, through which the boat had to be poled, which oc- 
 cupied more than an hour. At length we reached the 
 end of the lake, but not the end of our day's journey, 
 
22 
 
 TOBONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 for the boat hero entered a small but rapid stream, 
 and all but four of the (U'ew were obliged to leave it 
 and march a mile through the wood, over hilU and 
 through ravines ; sometimes a man would slip down a 
 steep hill, then another would go up to his knees in some 
 half-frozen streamlet or pool ; in the meantime the men 
 in the boat were busily working their way among the 
 rocks of the rapid creek. In about half an hour both the 
 boat and the men on foot reached a point where a lock is 
 in course of construction and nearly finished, which will 
 much diminish the labor of navigating this stream. Here 
 we removed our knapsacks, blankets, and some of our 
 lighter impedimentMf rom the boats, and marched about 
 half a mile further among the rocks and hills, while the 
 boats thus lightened were taken that much further by 
 water, but then reached a point at which they and all 
 their cargo had to be portaged. This place is called 
 French Portage, and is considered the worst portage on 
 the route. Having reached this place we immediately 
 set to work at unloading the boat and carrying the cargo 
 over the portage, which is a very steep and rugged hill 
 between one hundred and one hundred and fifty feet in 
 height. Having got all the goods over and our tents 
 pitched, we next had to set to work at moving the boacs, 
 and here one of the men got a title which is likely to 
 stick to him. The men having been called together to go 
 for the boats, one who had been watching the knapsacks 
 and blankets of his comrades, at their request, was miss- 
 ing, and the officer in command of the squad was very 
 angry with him, thinking he was shirking his work, and 
 said that he was dodging it, whereupon the men named 
 him the " Artful Dodger." This business of watching 
 the knapsacks and blankets has become quite a serious 
 matter, for in consequence of our rapid travelling, fre- 
 quent portaging, and early morning starts, men are con- 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY, 
 
 23 
 
 tinually losing something, which they very naturally 
 endeavor to replace by the first articles they can lay 
 their hands upon, and it is something 
 
 amusing 
 
 to hear the remarks made when we reach a stopping 
 place and prepare for a meal or retiring to sleep : one 
 will call out, 
 
 " Who has my knapsack ? " 
 
 " Who has my blankets ? " calls out another. " That's 
 ray knapsack," says a third, while from every quarter 
 may be heard such expressions as, 
 
 " Some one has my plate." 
 
 " Who was it that ])orrowed my knife and fork with- 
 out leave and forgot to return them ?" 
 
 " That's my cap, I know it by the mark on the bottom," 
 
 "I would like to lind the man who stole my greatcoat," 
 etc., etc. ; and the tone in which these complaints are 
 uttered, and the comical remarks which frequently ac- 
 company tliem or arc replied to them by the few who hap- 
 pen to be in possession of these necessities, amuse one in 
 spite of the fact that nearly every man is himself a subject of 
 the general misfortune. Still by the time we are ready 
 to embark in the morning nearly everytliing is generally 
 found. For portaging the boats, a tow-line is attached to 
 each one, and about half the crew take hold of this and 
 exert all their strength in drawing, while the remainder 
 steady the boat and use their best efforts also in endeav- 
 oring to move the boat as rapidly as possible over the 
 portage. And now may be heard the cries from the 
 leaders of " Altogether," " Again," " Yo-heave," and 
 from the Indian or French-Canadian voyageur, " Ilooroo." 
 To facilitate the work of portaging the boats at this place 
 tliere are " skids," formed by })inniug sticks of wood about 
 six feet in length at equal distances upon long pieces of 
 timber, something like the rounds of a ladder or the ties 
 of a railway. When the boats had been drwan to the 
 
24 
 
 TORONTO TO FOIIT GARRY, 
 
 I'f 
 
 top of the hill the tow lino was taken to the stern of the 
 boat and attached there, one end being wound around a 
 tree to aid the men in restraining it from slipping too 
 rapidly down the hill, which would inevitably have de- 
 stroyed it. While this work was going on a young man 
 named Gowland got his leg under a boat, and had not his 
 comrades been prompt in stopping it he would have had 
 a broken leg, if nothing worse. 
 
 Wednesday Nov. 1st.— Arose at an earlv hour and 
 loaded our boats, after Avhich a short time was allowed for 
 breakfast. The boats then started down the French Creek, 
 each being manned by four oarsmen and two guides, the 
 navigation of this stream being very difficult in conse- 
 quence of the lowness of the water and its snake-like 
 course, for it runs a distance of nine miles to get twx miles 
 from our camping ground of last night. In the raeantim*; 
 the remainder of the men had to march in single file sorre 
 three or four miles through the wooded and hilly country 
 to the same destination, which they reached several hours 
 before the boats, the occupants of which had been under 
 the necessity of getting into the freezing and partly frozen 
 Wiv^er to force the boats through. Finally, about noon, all 
 reached the point where we were to re-erabark, and one 
 after another the different crev.-s rowed away upon Lac 
 Francais, or French Lake, which wo soon crossed and run 
 down the stream connecting it with L;ike Kaogosikok, or 
 Pickerel Lake, and at 4 p. m. readied I*ine Portage, over 
 which we portaged our boats and goods, rowed over an- 
 other small lake to the Deux Rivieres Portage, which we 
 crossed, and then camped for the night. This portage 
 was formerly called Jacob's Ladder, and was a worse 
 portage even than the F"ejch Porta^•e ; but as bridges 
 L;ive been built over two ra\'ires ihrc.igh vrhich every- 
 thing Lad formerly lo be. oarried, tiiu:- .nuiiii- the ascent 
 and descent of two high hiU>, it is now much improved and 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 25 
 
 corapavatively easy to cross, still there was some ercite- 
 ment and danger for us in drawing the boats up and down 
 the short hills still remaining, and in crossing the bridges, 
 which have no railing. We here overtook the Quebec 
 Company and camped beside them. 
 
 Thursday, 2nd. — Having taken breakfast, struck our 
 tents and otherwise prepared for the march, the boats 
 were put into the water, in doing which one of them was 
 found to need repairing, and the crew set to work at it, 
 the job taking about half an hour. After crossing a 
 small sheet of water we arrived at a narrow channel, 
 where the water was so shallow that all but four men had 
 to leave the boat and walk through marshes of wild rice 
 nearly a mile, through the forest and over the hills 
 another mile, and then another marsh, where fires were 
 needed and built to keep us warm and dry while waiting 
 for the boats to get through, and in bringing them 
 through, the oarsmen and guides had to get into the 
 water and drag their craft, and even then they had to 
 get the assistance of some of those who had left pre- 
 viously and marched through the wood, and Wrho now 
 attached tow-lines to the bows of the boats and assisted 
 in bringing them through. When all had reached the 
 mouth of this creek we once more embarked and set out 
 upon Sturgeon Lake, and after getting well out into the 
 lake we found ourselves in a favorable wind for the first 
 time, and soon hoisted our sails in order to take advan- 
 tage of it; and this added to the excitement caused by 
 the continued rivalry which exists between the different 
 crews as to which shall reach the portage first. In these 
 races, as they may be called, there is often amusement 
 furnished by the efforts at rowing made by men totally 
 unaccustomed to that kind of exercise, some of them 
 being very unapt .scholars, while otiiers seemed to learn 
 very readily ; when one or two of the clumsy men happen 
 
20 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY 
 
 to be at the oars many a hearty laugh is raised at their 
 expense, though it is also true that the ire of the other 
 oarsmen is excited. Those who happen to be looking on 
 at the time take great delight in using such expressions 
 as " That's it, all together, one after the other," and 
 similar taunting words, which arc generally taken in good 
 part, though sometimes an angry retort is given by some 
 of the quick-tempered ones. On the shore of this lake, 
 near the point where we entered it, we were surprised to 
 see a building constructed of squared timber, with the 
 Union Jack Hying over it. \Vc were informed by one 
 of our guides that this was the residence of a chief of the 
 Chippewas, and as we passed, an Indian came out and 
 cheered, his cheer being returned with interest by the 
 soldiers. We also met a canoe containing an Indian, his 
 squaw, and two papooses, who vvere objects of a good 
 deal of interest to the men. Having passed through 
 Sturgeon Lake and several small lakes, v,'c an-ived in the 
 dusk of evening at a short portage over which wo car- 
 ried the cargo of our boat while-thc voyageurs and four 
 men ran the boat down the rapid ; aftei which we loaded 
 the boat again and crossv '' a small sheet of smooth water 
 to Maligne Portage, on the lower end of which we pitched 
 our tents, leaving the portaging of everything save the 
 tents, knapsacks and blankets till morning. 
 
 Friday, 3rd. — Having been aroused at an early hour, 
 we portaged our goods over this somewhat rough 
 portage — a distance of about 500 yards^ — and then drew 
 the boats over land about 100 yards, and again put them 
 into the river. In portaging the boats I had a narrow 
 escape from a broken leg, and perhaps from death itself. 
 While straining every muscle in drawing the ooat, my leg 
 got caught between two long skids, with the boat on top 
 of them, and I was thrown down in front of it ; but, 
 thanks to the presence of mind of my comrades, under a 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GAIIRY. 
 
 21 
 
 merciful Providence, as soon as I called out that the boat 
 was on me, they exerted their entire strength to restrain 
 the boat in its motion down the hill, and I was soon 
 released from a painful and perilous position, with a 
 thankful heart and a lame leg, but the lameness nearly 
 all left me before night. Having got the boats into the 
 water, an Indian guide, assisted by three or four otlier 
 voyageurs, ran them, one after another, down the swift 
 and dangerous rapids — rightly named Maligne — to the 
 lower end of the portage, where they were again loaded, 
 and away we all started, but had not proceeded over half 
 a mile when another rapid appeared to view, and again 
 the soldiers had to leave the boats and take a walk alone: 
 the bank of the river while the voyageurs ran the boats 
 down, with the assistance of a few of our men. Shortly 
 after entering the boats again, we came to the wreck of a 
 boat which was dashed to pieces in running the rapid a 
 few months ago. There was no end to excitement and dan- 
 ger in our course down the Maligne River, for it is a 
 succession of rapids, and occasionally we got caught on 
 a rock to vary our rapid progress, but we always got 
 safely off. While making our way around one of the 
 rapids where the majority of us had to leave the boat, 
 one man, named John Smith, fell from a log which served 
 us for a bridge, over a streamlet in our way, and hurt his 
 back, yet though we sympathized with him in his misfor- 
 tune, which was by no means serious, it was impossible 
 not to be amused at some of his movements and remarks, 
 for he is a very eccentric character in his way. At a 
 distance of five miles from our camp of last night we 
 reached Tanner's Rapids, where, in consequence of the 
 lowness of the water, both boats and cargoes had to be 
 taken over a short portage ; we were then kept pretty 
 busily employed in threading our way among the rocks of 
 the remaining four miles of this rocky and rapid river, 
 
28 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 up 
 
 when we readied Island Portage, so called on account of 
 the river running on each side of it. Having made this 
 portage and partaken of lunch, we set out at 5.30 p. m , 
 upon Lac La Croix ; after rowing a couple of miles, we were 
 taken in tow by a tug which had overtaken us, and we 
 now make our way rapidly through this large lake, of the 
 appearance of which we could form no opinion on ac- 
 count ot the darkness of the night, but we did see the 
 lires of two large Indian camps, and as we passed close 
 to land in one place, our guides pointed out an Indian 
 burying ground. At midnight we reached Loon Portage, 
 which is about 30 miles irom Island Portage, so that we 
 have travelled to-day upwards of 40 miles and made three 
 portages. The country through which we are now passing 
 appears to be very similar to that throughout the route 
 from Thund(;r Bay, though the liills appear to be much 
 lower and the timbers a2)pcar somewhat diflferent ; we 
 here found oak for the first time. Tliere does not apppear 
 to have been so much snow here as on the Ileight-of-Land 
 and several days journey this side of it, for there arc only 
 two or three inches of snow here, while there was nearly 
 a foot of it at the Height-of-Land. It being so late 
 when we reached this portage, we merely unloaded our 
 boats and pitched our tents, leaving the portaging till 
 
 morning. 
 
 Saturday, 4th.-— Having com|>leted the work of port- 
 aging at 11 a. m., avc again started, and after rowing five 
 miles, reached Mud Portage, which is considered the worst 
 but one on the route ; being somewhat like the French 
 Portage, which alone surpasses it in difficulty. One of 
 No. 2 Company was seriously injured by falling, while 
 carrying a heavy load over this portage. Half a mile 
 beyond Mud Portage we came to another, which, from its 
 being somewhat similar to the last, we called Little Mud, 
 not knowing its proper name, if it has any. After com- 
 
TORONTO TO FORT «ARRY. 
 
 20 
 
 pleting the portaging and loading of the l)oats, wc took 
 dinner, and then started at 3 p. m. down a stream we call 
 Loon River, and had not gone for when the channel be- 
 came so bad that all but four of us and the voyageurs had 
 to leave the boat an<l walk along the shore, and in a few 
 moments those of us who remained in the boat were 
 obliged to jump into the water and drag the boat along 
 amongst the rocks. After working in this manner two 
 hours, the stream became so shallow that half of the load 
 had to be removed, and even then the work was so hard 
 that the remainder of the crew, who had been on the 
 shore, had to wade out into the river and assist. At G p. 
 m., after being three hours in the water, and only having 
 travelled about two miles, avc camped for the night on the 
 bank of the river, building huge fires by which to dry our 
 clothing and cook our supper, and as we sat about these 
 fires endeavoring to dry our clothes and warm ourselves, 
 some of the musically inclined raised songs to cheer and 
 raise their spirits, which had fallen pretty low, like the 
 water of the river through Avliicb we were making our 
 way, v/hile others engaged tliemselves in making conjec- 
 tures in regard to the morrow, or in " spinning yarns" for 
 the benefit of their comrades. Among the songs was the 
 following, composed by one of the men of the First Ex- 
 pedition, and now sung for us by some of the men of that 
 force, who are with us now : 
 
 EXPEDITION SONG. 
 
 Come, boys, chorr up, we'll have a song in spite of our position, 
 To help in our labors on this glorious expedition ; 
 We'll keep our spirits up, my boys, and don't lool: sad or sober, 
 Nov grumble at our liardships on our way to Manitoba. 
 Ciioups — Jolly boys, jolly boyn. 
 
 Hurrah I'or the boats and the roads, jolly boys. 
 
 Some grumble, loudly exclaiming—" 'Tis not as I expected ; 
 " I did not know that great stockade would have to be erect(!(l - 
 " It was only as a Volunteer that I left my abode ; 
 " I never thought of coming here to work upon the road." 
 
 Cno.— Jolly boys, jolly boys, etc 
 
30 
 
 TOUONvO TO FOllT «AKRY. 
 
 i 
 
 Kay what wo will, 'th very plain timt both of theso were needed ; 
 Without th(! Inst I am not MUit) v.o ever Hhould have Bucceeded, — 
 Had wo trusted to boats alone, to pulling, rowing, towinp, 
 We never should have got the stoioK us l;»r aw Shebandowan. 
 
 C^iro folly boys, jolly boys, etc. 
 
 'Tis true the H)iid.H un; rather rough— the rapids, too, are swil't— 
 And on these curHcd portages the boats we had to lift ; 
 But never mind, we'll struu'gle on, not heeding wind or weather ; 
 We are sure to gel along if we only ])ull together. 
 
 Cito. — Jolly boys, jolly boys, etc. 
 
 At Inngth We're fairly started— 1 may .safely say 
 That we shall fie<; our Journey's end at no great distant day ; 
 We'll go ahead now wit'iout fail, and never stop or tarry 
 Till we reach the promised land — in other words, Fort Garry. 
 
 Clio. — Jolly boys, joliy boys, etc. 
 
 And when we reach Fort Garry, boys, and all our work is done, 
 We'll spend our time right merrily — you bet we'll have some fun; 
 And when the winter's over, boys, and we are all set free, 
 We'll go back to UrocKville and havf a jolly spree. 
 
 Cho.~ Jolly boys, jolly boys, etc. 
 
 We'll do as did the merry men — let the bottle jmss! 
 
 And to old friends that we meet we'll toss another glass ; 
 
 How sweet to sec each well-known face with mirth and welcome beam, 
 
 Our troubles and our hardships they will seem but as a dream. 
 
 Clio.— Jolly boys, jolly boys, etc. 
 
 We Ijave talked about our going home— but now it don't appear 
 That we shall see our homes again in quite another year ; 
 For if the girls of Manitf)ba are as kind as they are charming, 
 The half of u.s Vvill stay behind and settle down to farming. 
 Clio. — Jolly boys, jolly boys, 
 
 Hurrah for the boats and the roads, jolly bo^'S. 
 
 Another iavoiitc bnlhid jvmong usistlio well-known song 
 of "Tenting on the Old Camp Grountl," the words of 
 which we altered to "^ Tenting on the Cold ])amp Gronnd," 
 to snit our circunistanccs. 
 
 SiiXDAY, 5th. — Aroused at daylight, and having taken 
 breakfast and struck the tents, we again started, two of 
 us, after sorae parleying as to who should be the unfor- 
 tunate individuals, accompanying the voyageurs in the 
 boat, while the remainder marched in single tile along the 
 bank. We had not poled our way very far before we were 
 
TORONTO TO FORT OARRY. 
 
 31 
 
 obliged to get into tlio water again, and fouu<l tliat un- 
 comfortable as it wa« yesterday, it could not compare with 
 to-day, for duritii;- the night it had turned several degrees 
 colder, and a ucood deal of ice was formed, so that while 
 it was very disagreeable yesterday, it was positively pain- 
 ful to-day, and it wouhi l)e impossible to describe the 
 sensations felt while wading in this water. After dragging 
 the boat a few yards, the water became so shallow tiiat wo 
 were obliged to get the assistance of five more men, with 
 the help of whom the boat was soon drawn to deeper 
 water, aiul for tlie next two miles we only managed to get 
 along by luciins of poling, though every muscle was 
 strained to the utmost ; but at length a }»oint was reached 
 where neither poling nor our utmost eilbrts in the water 
 availed to move the boat a foot, and all t'ne remainder of 
 the crew hiving gone about a mile ahead by a short path, 
 one of us had to run across a marsh half a mile wide and 
 along the bank, until within hailing distance of them, when 
 they very unwillingly returned and rendered the necessary 
 aid in getting through this bad place ; after that, it did 
 not again become necessary to get into the water, though 
 there was some difficulty in making our way through some 
 partii of the remaining lour miles of this river, and a Avay 
 had t"> bo broken through ice over an inch thick through- 
 out tl:e last mile, where there is very little current. At 
 the mouth of the stream a lire had been built by the men 
 who took the land route, and as soon as the boat arrived 
 with the provisions, dinner was cooked and some fruitless 
 attempts were made at drying our clothes. At o.oO p. m., 
 we left this point and s«^t out upon Lake Nameukan, and 
 after rowing five miles reached a narrow channel between 
 two parts of tlie lake in wdiich there was a rapid current 
 full of rocks ; here the cargoes had to be portaged several 
 hundred yards, and the boats were taken through empty. 
 At the end of three miles more, in consequence of night 
 
32 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GAKIIY. 
 
 M 
 
 5! 
 
 coming on, we ran the boats into a pretty little cove be- 
 tween two 'nige rocks on an island, and camped on a 
 sandy beach, where there was a good supply of wood 
 convenient. Tiiis is the best camping ground we 
 have yet had. There were only two boats, and their 
 crews stopped here, part of the others being several hours 
 ahead and the remainder as far behind. The sun showed 
 its face from behind the clouds to-day for the first time in 
 two wec^ks. 
 
 Monday, Gth. — x\t 7.30 wo lefc Sandy Beach, as we 
 called last night' t^ camp ground, and continued our way 
 through Lake Nameukan, passing in several places the 
 campgrounds of other crews, where the lire.^ were still 
 burning, also, camps of Indians who stood on the shore 
 watchiuLC the strange sight of boat loads of white soldiers 
 passing by. The wind being favorable part of the time, 
 we were able to use our sails, which was a great assist- 
 ance. When we had rowed and sailed a distance of about 
 12 mileSs Ave were met by three boats filled with voya- 
 geurs, who having accompained the expedition as far as 
 Keltic Falls wore now returning. At one o'clock we 
 reached Kettle Falls and portaged our cargoes, but only 
 had to portage one boat, as there were enough at the 
 other end already. Lake ]S'iniieukn;i, through which we 
 passed this morning, is literally a rock-bound sheet of 
 water, :uid I do notkuovr but I would be correct in saying 
 that it is iron-bound, for the walls of almost unbroken 
 rock with which it is surrounded are full of veins of iron, 
 lead and copper. To vary the appearance of this wall of 
 roclv, there occasionally appear to view beautiful sandy 
 beaches, similar to that on which we camped, while the 
 numerous islands and parts of the shore are clothed with 
 never-ending verdure, altogether forming grand and beau- 
 tiful scenery, even at this dreary season of the year. The 
 water of the lake is about seven feet above hicch-water 
 
TORONTO TO FOET GARRY. 
 
 33 
 
 mark. Kettle Falls is scarcely entitled to that name when 
 the water is so low as at present, though it no doubt 
 deserves it ^in the spring, for a hugh semi-circle in the 
 rock on each side of the rapid presents a kettle-like 
 appearance, in which the water doubtless boils as in a 
 cauldron. In searching for a reason for the name of these 
 falls, I discovered a hole in the rocks very like the inside 
 of a kettle, perfectly smooth, and which would probably 
 hold about five or six gallont?. At four o'clock, the boats 
 having loaded, a tug, which was waiting here lor us, 
 towed us all up Rainy Lake. I was hero transferred, 
 with 34 others, to a large and ungainly boat, of the kind 
 used by the Hudson's Bay Company on the lakes and 
 large rivers ; it is about 40 feet long, 8 feet beam, and 5 
 feet in depth. After towing us 10 miles the tug returned 
 to Kettle Falls, in order to bo ready to bring on the re- 
 mainder of :'ie boats, which had not arrived there when 
 we left. We then rowed a distance of four miles, 
 and as it had now become too dark for us to pick our 
 way among the rocks, we camped upon an island, where 
 there is a natural supply of good wood, and while part of 
 the|men pitched the tents other s(iuads cut wood and built 
 fires, and others again brought provisions from the boats 
 and prepared supper for all. 
 
 TUESDAY, 7th. — At 9 a. m., we left the island where we 
 camped last night, and threaded our way through a per- 
 fect labyrinth of rocks and rocky islands, in continual 
 danger of running upon rocks, some of which were only 
 BufRciently covered with water to hide them from the 
 sight of our guides until the boats were almost upon them ; 
 and, in one or two instances, they did actually strike, but, 
 by great efforts, were soon loosened from tliat disagreeable 
 position. In conso(pience of a very strong head-wind, we 
 were not able to row over two miles an ho^ir, nothwith- 
 standing our utmost eiforts. At 1.30 p. m., our fleet got 
 
34 
 
 TOEONTO TO FOET CiAEKY 
 
 I 
 
 into a small bay, where tlien^ was a calm sheet of water, 
 and having moored the boats to the sliore, wo lea}>e(l upon 
 a broad, flat rock, which served us as a wh^rf, and found 
 ourselves on a lovely island, wliere we immediately 
 proceeded to prepare our mid-day meal ; and as -the sun 
 came out bright and warm, shining upon the little groups 
 sitting upon fallen trees and masses of rock beside pretty 
 groves of evergreen and other trees, made us feel quite 
 comfortable, and gave the force the appearance of a large 
 pic-nic party ; and, in fact., being allowed more time than 
 usual to partake of our dinner, in consequence of our com- 
 mander expecting the tug to make its appearance with 
 the remainder of the expedition, we were enabled to rest 
 ourselves somewhat, and really enjoyed it much better than 
 many a pic-nic is enjoyed ; some sitting or lying upon the 
 groundjWhile others roamed about the island, looking at the 
 beautiful specimens of minerals to be found among the 
 rocks on the shore ; or getting more extended views of 
 the lake and its Diany islands from the higher portions of 
 this islet. From this pic-nic ground a post of the Hudson's 
 Bay Company was visible on the distant shores of the 
 lake, and we could distinguish several houses surrounded 
 by neat fences, and other civilized appearances. At 
 2.30 p. m., a man on the high part of the island, distinguish- 
 ed the tug in the distance, and we immediately took our 
 departure from this pleasant stopping-place, and after 
 rowing a few miles were overtaken and taken in tow by 
 the tug, which had already in charge the boats which had 
 been left behind. After getting the assistance of the tug, 
 we made much bettor progress. Having run short of 
 wood a stop was made at an island covered with a heavy 
 growth of timber for the purpose ol getting a fresh 
 supply. While here one of the nion found a knife belong- 
 ing to the former military expedition. Making another 
 start at 5 p. m., we made good progress till 7, when wo 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GAEEY. 
 
 35 
 
 reached Itainy River, and in a short time came to a rapid, 
 when the order was given for all men, except enough to 
 man the oars, to lie down in the bottom of the boats while 
 they were run down. There was then a roaring rushing 
 sound for a few seconds, and a feeling of being thrown 
 rapidly through the air, and we were once more in smooth 
 water; but did not travel far before coming to another 
 rapid place, down which we made our way in a similar 
 manner, to find ourselves, at 8 p. m., of a dark night, at 
 the landing-place of Fort Frances ; and, shouldering our 
 knapsacks and blankets, we soon found our way to the 
 camp-ground, Avhere those of our comrades who were in 
 advance had already pitched their tents, and as quickly 
 as possible we followed their example — cooked our supper, 
 and got between our blankets for our much needed night's 
 rest. 
 
 Wednesday, 8th. — Being aroused at an early hour this 
 morning, we were immediately set to work at portaging, 
 and beside our stores we portaged a tug and one of the 
 large boats of the Hudson's Bay Company. At ten 
 o'clock a. ra., our tents were struck, the boats laden, and 
 Ave were all ready for starting, but had to wait for the 
 tugs, of which there are now three. While waiting for 
 these somewhat tardy assistants to our locomotion, we 
 had an opportunity to look about us and take observa- 
 tions of Fort Frances and its surroundings. The Fort 
 itself is merely a stout oaken fence, enclosing a few block- 
 houses, and within a few hundred yards of it are several 
 other houses. .Fust above the falls and about a quarter 
 of a mile from the fort, a number of men were at work 
 build' iiors for TIainy Lake and tiie Lake of the 
 
 Woods, the engines for which are now lying at Prince 
 Arthur's Landing; these steamers, together with the 
 tugs on the smaller lakes and tiie improvements to be 
 made on the portages, will make this route much pleas- 
 
.36 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 ■■I 
 
 anter as well as more useful next year. Fort Frances is 
 a great resort for the Indians, of whom as many as four or 
 five thousand sometimes gather there, but at present there 
 are only about fifty. One thing which much interested me 
 was the Indian buryingground, or rather, place of en- 
 tombment ; for the dead can scarcely be said to be buried 
 when the coffin is suspended in the air, six feet above the 
 ground, each being sustained by four stout stakes. In 
 these coffins are placed not only the corpse but the weap- 
 ons, and often a part of any other valuables of which the 
 deceased may have been the possessor. Another object of 
 interest was the falls, which are 23 feet high, and rush 
 over the rocks in one fine broad sheet about 100 feet in 
 width. The position of Fort Frances, in a fertile tract of 
 country, at the head of a magnificent and beautiful river 
 which is swift enough to furnish an almost unlimited 
 water power, and in the viciuty of one of the richest 
 mineral regions of the world, will doubtless make it a 
 place of no small importance within a few years. So rich 
 and fertile is tho soil on the banks of Rainy River, that 
 on the farm which is here cultivated by the Hudson's Bay 
 Company officials, wheat has been grown on the same 
 land for 20 years, and it is said that it still produces up- 
 wards of 30 bushels to the acre. This fertile tract varies 
 in width from half a mile to eight miles, and back of it is 
 swampy land, much of which may be utilized in the dis- 
 tant future, when land becomes a more valuable commod- 
 ity in this central portion of our continent. At 1 o'clock, 
 or a little after, we finally got started, and ran rapidly 
 down this lovely winding river without anything of 
 interest occuring uutil 7 p. m., when our boats were drawn 
 up on the shore, fires lit, and supper prepared and eaten, 
 after which a few betook themselves to their tents, while 
 others, who either did not possess tents or preferred open- 
 air sleeping, merely wrapped themselves in their blankets 
 
TORONTO TO FOKT GAKRY. 
 
 37 
 
 a 
 
 and slept with their feet to the lire, having the blue vault 
 of heaven for a canopy. 
 
 Thursday, 9th. — Started at 7.30 a.m., and after a steady 
 run of three hours reached Manitou Rapids, down which 
 we went without unloadins: the boats and without 
 
 i;.5ssed an 
 
 Indian 
 
 camp, 
 
 and 
 
 mishap. We occasionally 
 some of the inhabitants freq" uitly paddled out towards 
 us; but Indians, canoes and wigwams are now no novelty 
 to us, and very little attention is paid to them. These 
 Indians are dark, savage-looking men, witli very little 
 appearance of civilization about them ; they do not ap- 
 pear to have much awe for our steam tugs at present, 
 although I was told by a man who has been on the route 
 two or three years, that when the tugs first made their 
 appearance the Indians gathered up their blankets and 
 ran away into the forest with shrieks of affright. Judg- 
 ing by the countenance of these fellows and the sheath 
 knives and hatchets which they all carrv. it would not be 
 a safe place for unarmed men to travel in small numbers 
 at all eventis. At 11.30, the Longue Sault or Long Rapids 
 were reached, and here the majority of the force left the 
 boats and took a foot-path along the banks of the river 
 about two miles, being by no means reluctant to do so, 
 for we beacame quite chilled and cramped in the boats. 
 Our march led us through some fine prairie land, in some 
 parts of which the Indians grow their corn or maize, the 
 stalks of which ^ve saw still standing ; we also saw some 
 fine oak timber, the finest hardwood in fact which has 
 greeted my eyes for many days ; in other places we passed 
 through fields of wild pease of a large and luxuriant growth 
 In passing through some of the Indian encampments during 
 this march, many of the men bought fish, for which they 
 paid tobacco, needles or small pieces of money. There is 
 some fine scenery about these rapids, and it added not a 
 little to the charm and interest of these scenes to see 
 
38 
 
 TORONTO T0 FORT GARRY. 
 
 canoe loads of Indians or squaws making their way safely 
 amid the foam and rocks, where the river dashes wildly 
 over its rugged bed, their frail crafts looking unsafe even 
 for calm water, but proving to be qualified for most dan- 
 gerous positions when guided by the paddle in the skilful 
 hands of these deni.ens of the forest. At the foot of the 
 rapids, the boats were moored long enough to give all 
 hands an opportunity to get dinner. While moving down 
 this large and beautiful river, bright visions of the future 
 would float through the mind, and to fancy's eye there 
 appeared comfortable farm houses in place of tlie wretched 
 wigwams now scattered along the banks, while bi'oad 
 fields of waving, yellow grain and herds of sleek cattle 
 replaced the prairie grass and the wild beasts of the 
 forest. At intervals, a thriving village or a populous town 
 with busy factories engaged in the manufacture of var- 
 ious articles for the use of the mining population of the 
 mineral reg^ions which surround this fertile tract, took 
 the place of the Indian villages, and instead ot a few birch- 
 bark canoes flitting up and down the river, busy fleets of 
 boats of stronger build and propelled by more powerful 
 forces than paddles in the hands of the red man. I thought 
 of the time in fact when the shrieks of the steam whistle 
 which have already caused the Indian to start with 
 affright shall become not only weekly but a daily occur- 
 rence ; when the civilization, energy and refinement of the 
 white man shall have replaced the rudeness, indolence 
 and ignorance of the red man of tl\e forest, and driven 
 still further to the west, or perhaps christianized and 
 civilized him, thereby fitting him for a greater degree of 
 happiness in this world and eternal and perfect happiness 
 in the world to come. While such thoughts as these 
 were passing through the mind, an exclamation was 
 heard of 
 
 it 
 
 See that scalp hanging beside the wigwam yonder ! 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GAKRV. 
 
 n^ 
 
 Tills cry drew the altGiition of all towards the above, 
 and called forth the questions 
 
 "Where?" and "On which side of the river?" to 
 which the first speaker replied, pointing in the direction. 
 
 " On the American side, just at the mouth of that little 
 creek ; don't you see two wigwams together, and a scalp 
 lianging from a pole beside one of them ? " 
 
 Gazing on the bloody trophy of Indian warfare, the 
 fact was forced painfully upon the mind that many a 
 tragic and bloody scene may be witnessed on these banks 
 ere these glorious dreams shall be realized. 
 
 At 8 o'clock p. m., we reached a fort of the Hudson's 
 ]5ay Company, near the mouth of the river, and which is 
 known as Hungry Hall, but the proper name of which is 
 Pointe aux Pins. Having eaten supper, the majority of 
 us spread our blankets by the fires which had been kind- 
 led, and were soon buried in a sound sleep, only to be 
 aroused again near midnight and proceed on our journey ; 
 but after going three miles further, we drew our boats up 
 on a barren, sandy is]a;ul, not being able to go further on 
 account of the roughness of the lake, our tugs not being 
 able to withstand a heavy sea. A few tents were pitched 
 here, but the greater number of us were content with the 
 protection of our blankets and a few bushes, which pre- 
 vented the wind blowing upon us in full force. 
 
 Friday, Nov. 10th. — The lake being still very rough 
 this morning, the engineers were not willing to venture 
 out with our frail steam crafts, and we were compelled to 
 remain upon the island imtil sunset, employing the time 
 in cooking, talking about the probabilities of getting away 
 during the day, telling stories, and in keeping up good 
 fires — the driftwood on the shores furnishing an ample 
 supply of fuel. Preparations were also made to spend 
 another night on this island, getting the tents well pitched, 
 wood cut, etc., having given up all hope of leaving to- 
 
40 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT QAR RY. 
 
 day ; but about sundown our commander, having become 
 too impatient of the delay to remain any longer, orders 
 were given to proceed, -which were obeyed with alacrity 
 by us, though the engineers m ere not so anxious to move. 
 After proceeding some five or six miles, however, we were 
 obliged to again come to a stop, the tugs beiug in constant 
 danger of being swamped ; some of the men were quite 
 sick from the roughness of the water, and others seemed 
 terror-struck ; one man felt so miserable during this short 
 voyage that he desired to be thrown overboard by his 
 comrades, though it is probable that he would liave been 
 been more anxious to be taken in again had they acceded 
 to his request. Our stopping place this time is a rocky 
 islet, partially covered with elm and scrub oak ; a part of 
 the force have pitched their tents on the shore among the* 
 rocks, and the remaindei* of us are trying to make our- 
 selves comfortable in the boats, but not with much suc- 
 cess. 
 
 Saturday, 11th, — The lake having become quite calm, 
 we started at 1 a. m., leaving the tugs to provide them- 
 selves with a fresh supply of fuel. Having rowed about 
 seven miles and broken through a great deal of ice in that 
 distance, we drew up for breakfast on an island much like 
 the one at which w^e had stopped last night, being like it 
 clothed principally with scrub oak, though there was some 
 pine. We were here met by Col. W. O. Smith, Dep.- 
 Adj. -General of No. 10 District, from some of whose party 
 we learned that a report had gone homo from Fort Garry 
 to the eflect that we had been frozen in above Fort 
 Frances, and that he had come to provide assistance in 
 the remainder of our journey. Alter breakfast nearly all 
 the boats again set out without the tugs, which had come 
 up in the meantime ; but a few had to remain in order 
 that the men might cut a good supply of fuel. At length, 
 however, all were oDf, and wo soon found ourselves in a 
 
TORONTO TO FORT (JA.RRY. 
 
 41 
 
 heavy sea again, in which there was so much danger to 
 the tugs that a man sat in the bow of each boat with an 
 axe in his hand ready to cut the towing-line in the event 
 ol" our little steamers sinking, so that thoy miglit not drag 
 us down with them. It seems strange that pleasure 
 should be felt on such occasions as this, yet true it is that 
 there appears to be more enjoyment derivable from a 
 position of peril and constant watchfulness than from a 
 season of calm when everything moves in a safe and un- 
 eventful manner. Having passed an exciting day, and one 
 full of fear for some of the more timid among us, another 
 camp was formed upon an exceedingly rocky island, about 
 twenty-five miles from the North- West angle of the Lake 
 of the Woods. 1'he Lake of the Woods, across one end 
 of which we have been passing during the past few days, 
 is a large and shallow lake full of rocks and islands, and 
 very liable to storms which very quickly raise a heavy 
 sea ; the islands and shores of the lake appear to be prin- 
 cipally composed of white glittering sand and a light 
 colored rock, Avliich look in the distance like huge banks 
 of snow. 
 
 Sunday, 12th. — At 8 a. m. this morning, a start was 
 again made without the tugs, and after rowing three or 
 four miles, we found ourselves surrounded by floating ice, 
 through which we made our way with some difficulty a 
 distance of about a mile, when we reached firm, unbroken 
 ice, through which the leading boat cut a passage in which 
 the others followed ; but such poor progress was made in 
 this way that when noon arrived, but a very short distance 
 had been made. We then stopped at an island, leaped 
 out, and quickly lit our fires and proceeded to cook our 
 dinner, or what had to answer for that meal, though not 
 a very substantial meal for men working hard, for our 
 provisions are now running short, and we have been living 
 for several days on slap-jacks and salt pork, our hard-tack 
 
42 
 
 TORONTO TO KOKT OAURY. 
 
 having entirely failed ; the «l:ii)-j.acks are made by mixing 
 flour and water into a paste or batter, without salt, and 
 frying them in lat. As Ave have noiLhor a great deal of 
 time nor a large sui)|)ly of frying-pans, our tin platrs are 
 brought into service for that purpose, and as many of the 
 plates have been lost on the way, it is no unconnnon thing 
 to see a man mix the Hour and water into a dough stiff 
 enough to hang on a foiked stick, which lie holds over the 
 lire, thus cooking his bread; the ''staft' of life" being 
 ready, a piece of the fat pork is cooked in the same man- 
 ner, and of these the soldier makes his scanty meal, wash- 
 ing the whole down with a vile decoction dignified with 
 the name of tea ; but as " hunger furnishes the best sauce," 
 even this rough and unattractive fare is eaten with a 
 relish, and is accompanied Avith a cheerful and jocular 
 conversation, varied sometimes by grumbling remarks and 
 frequently by some very profane language. While we were 
 preparing and enjoying this frugal meal, our assistants {^) 
 the tugs, came up, and having attached a slight armor- 
 plating of sheet iron, undertook to break a way lor us 
 through the ice, and we followed in the opening thus 
 made ; but after making our Avay in this manner a couple 
 of miles, the whole fleet again came to a standstill, and we 
 finally disembarked among the rocks at a distance of about 
 twelve miles from the North- West Angle> and within 
 sight of a large Indian village, between us and which is 
 the now frozen inlet of the Lake of the Woods. Here the 
 tugs and other boats wore draAvn up on the beach, and 
 preparations made for leaving them till spring. On land- 
 ing we immediately pitched our tents and prepared to 
 spend the coming night and perhaps several days and 
 nights in this desolate place, which the men have named 
 Hungry Island. Having thus made ready for the night, 
 our arms and accoutrements w^ere removed from the cases 
 in which they have hitherto been carried, and every man 
 provided with his complete set of arms and accoutrements, 
 
TORONTO TO VOKV «iARRV. 
 
 43 
 
 rr 
 
 (i 
 
 ■(' 
 
 (>• 
 
 ir 
 
 with which we again betoc> ourselves to our tents and our 
 fires, and employed the remainder of tlie day in removing 
 the rust which liad gathered during the past three weeks. 
 The weather has turned warmer tliis al"teriio(>n, and it is 
 now raining heavily, wliidi gives us some laint hopes that 
 the ice may yet clear away sufliciently to permit us to 
 make our way through, though it is by no means a likely 
 contingency. 
 
 Monday, li>Lh — The morning was spent in cleaning 
 our arms and accoutrements, and in discussing tlie proba- 
 bility of our marching in the afternoon, a question wliich 
 was settled for us about noon, when orders were given 
 for us to be ready to march in hali-an-hour in lieavy 
 marching order, with our blankets and oil sheets rolled, 
 and sixty rounds of ball cartridge in our pouches. As 
 the greater portion of the Quarter-master's stores had to 
 be left behind a guard was detailed to remain in charge 
 of them. Having made a very scant meal of slap-jacks 
 and fat pork in a half-cooked state, we set out for the 
 North-west Angle at one o'clock ; our march led us 
 through half-frozen marslies, in which we were contin\i al- 
 ly sinking over the ankles, and over smooth, slippery ice, 
 against a strong and pierchig cold wind, the ice being so 
 thin that we were obliged to march in single file at inter- 
 vals of from 5 to 10 paces, which gave the force the ap- 
 pearance of a skirmish line taking ground to its right or 
 left. Even with tl :,a precaution several men broke 
 throuoh, but were soon assisted out bv their comrades : 
 the smoothness of the ice and the strength of the wind 
 frequently caused some of us to lose our footi ig, and the 
 fall being accelerated by the burden of nearly one hnndred 
 pounds which each man carried, many a bruise and sprain 
 was the result. At length, at 5 p. m., our hearts were 
 gladdened with the welcome sight of the shanties at the 
 
44 
 
 TORONTO TO FOUT (lARUY. 
 
 Angle, aud in a short time we h^ ^ a number of largo 
 fires, throwing their flames towanls the skies, to guide 
 and cheer our comrades in tlieir toilsome march, as well 
 us to keep us warm and comfortable at'ler our twelve 
 mile tramp ; and it ♦.ould have rei|uire<l very strong 
 inducements to have prevailed upon us to go a mile fur- 
 ther to-night, aud it seemed like reaching a long sought 
 haven of rest to fiiid ourselves at a comfortable stoppii\g 
 })lace. To add to the pleasure and comfort of our half- 
 famished force a quantity of hard tack and fresh beef was 
 served out shortly after our arrival ; the hard tack was 
 ravenously tackled immediately, while little time was lost 
 in broiling and frying the beef. With a plentiful sup- 
 ply of this plain but substantial fare, the majority of us 
 enjoyed this repast as we never before relished a meal, 
 even of the most cpicurian description. As but two or 
 three tents were brought across the ice with us, very few 
 will be able to pass the night under shelter, and the 
 greater number ot us \vill sleep in the open air 
 to-night, not for the first time, however, though with 
 better beds than usual, for a quantity of straw has been 
 provided, on which we can spread our blankets. Having 
 done justice to our feast, preparations began to be made 
 for our night's rest, and now, for the first time, we found 
 that some of our number were missing. In the squad to 
 which I belong one man suddenly called out in the midst 
 of one of our discussions : — 
 
 « Where is John Thom ?" 
 
 Whereupon a search was instituted for the missing 
 comrade, but he was no where to be found, and various 
 conjectures as to the mishaps which might have overtaken 
 him since we saw him last, for it was evident that he had 
 not yet reached our camp-ground. 
 
 " He must have broken through the ice,'' said one. 
 
TOBONTO TO FORT OARRY. 
 
 45 
 
 " Played out, and gom* to sleep on the way," called out 
 another, as ho spread v>ut his blanket in a good positioH 
 near the fire. 
 
 " Guess he stopped to make another slap-jack," said 
 a third, while he prepared a piece of beef for his supper. 
 
 But while such remarks, some serious, some jocular, 
 were being made, one who had hitherto said nothing, 
 broke out with : — 
 
 " I heard one of th(5 officers tel' him to remain behind 
 us, and assist another man to carry a tent, and perhaps he 
 has been kept there with the guar 3," and so our minds 
 were set at rest on that subject for iho present. 
 
 The hopes we entertained last night of having mild 
 weather were destroyed before morning, it having tunied 
 very cold during the night, and when we awoke this 
 morning the snow was lying about »ur heads in the tents 
 having been blown under the curtains, which had not been 
 fastened down very tightly, and our blankets were frozen 
 stiff, and it had been freezing hard all day ; but there is 
 now a beautiful clear sky, as well as a clear, cold air. 
 
 Tuesday, Nov. 14, LSTl — Having packed our arms, ac- 
 coutrements, knapsacks and blankets in ox-carts provided 
 for that purpose, we hurriedly prepared for the march. 
 The carts in which the arms, etc., are stored, are theoften- 
 heard-of Red-River carts, made without iron in any form, 
 not even a nail, and each is drawn by one ox, harnessed 
 with rudely made harness of untanned cow-hide. There 
 had also been provided a number ot horses and Avaggons 
 in the proportion of one to every sixteen men, in which 
 we were to take turns at riding, eight at a time. Just ?s 
 the detachment to which I belong was marching away, a 
 man who had been attacked with bleeding at the lungs, 
 was carried by on a stretcher, looking like a corpse. Our 
 
46 
 
 TOEONTO TO FORT GAKRY. 
 
 road lay through a swampy country Jiiost of the day, 
 being a fine, smooth, level road, which would do credit 
 to an old settled country. The forest on either side of 
 this x'oad appears to have been overrun with fire through- 
 out the first six miles, whicli gives it a very desolate ap- 
 pearance. After riding in an open waggon six miles, 
 tho.se of us who had be(Mi ordered into the leading wag- 
 gon at the start, were very glad to resign our seats to 
 other eight, for the ^old, frosty air lind completely chilled 
 us, and Ave enjoyed very much a good sharp walk for 
 the next six miles, wiien the men wlio had relieved us in 
 the waggon desired to change places with us again, 
 just after we had passed a, shanty which is in charge of 
 two men Avho came up on the first expedition, and who 
 furnished us with tci. At a distance of eighteen miles 
 from the North-west Angle, and at about noon we reached 
 a shanty where we expected to get dinner, but found 
 ourselves mistaken, for there were no provisions there for 
 us. Having become tired of riding in open waggons this 
 cold weather, a number of us concluded to continue our 
 march on foot during the remainder of the day. Our 
 road from this point was through more open country 
 than before ; in one place we passed through a muskeg 
 or prairie-like marsh, being a dry prairie at present, but 
 a marsh at some seasons of tlie year. The road is raised 
 above the levi-I of this and gravelled, which secures a 
 hard, dry route at all seasons. I*rairie-fowl and partridge 
 were pi'jniiful on all l,.)nds, and did not appear to be 
 alarmed at our .ipproacli, but sat <piite unconcerned as we 
 passed by. At 4.30 p. m., we reached Bircli Creek, 
 luiving marched over tliirty miles during the day. We 
 liere foun<l tents ready pitched lor us and fires burning 
 foi' us to cook our suj)per b\. JJy seven o'clock the 
 greater portion of tbe force liad arrived, though the ox- 
 carts and the rear and baggage-Efu^.ids did not avrive till 
 after ten ; but on the arrival of tlie main body liard-tuck 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 47 
 
 au(] beef were served out to us from the stores in 
 one of the shanties, of Av^hich there are three, built of 
 square timber. 
 
 Wednesday, November 15. — At a little after four 
 o'clock this morning we were awakened by the hoarse 
 notes of the bunjlesoundinc: the "Arouse," and Ions before 
 daylight we wei'e again on the road, steadily, though not 
 swiftly lessening the distance between us and our desti- 
 nation. The road to-day was very similar to that over 
 which we marched yesterday, but the country was some- 
 what more open. At noon M'e reached White Mud Creek, 
 where we stopped for dinnor. Over this stream, which 
 contains a good supply of water, are two capital bridges 
 and at the halting place are three well-built block-louses, 
 two of which are occupied by half breeds and the other 
 is probably intended for the use of travellers, and after 
 travelling through such a wild country as we have this 
 seemed a very civilized place. The cooks, who started 
 half an hour before the remainder of us, had the fire, built 
 on our arrival, so that we immediately proceeded with our 
 cooking:, and soon c;ot started aofain. Those of us who 
 were not fond of riding in lumber-wnggons wit' our feet 
 half frozen walked most of the time again to-day, leaving 
 the waofGcons to those less able or less willin2: to walk than 
 ourselves. I>y three o'clock in the altcrnoon avc reached 
 our camp ground, on the borders of a cedar swamp, 
 having marched twenty-four miles. Our supply of water 
 is drawn from holes in the swamp, and is far from being 
 the best we have had during our journey, and we would 
 have been glad to have had such a place to draw water 
 from as the holes in the ice on White Mud (^reek, but 
 that would have been too short a march for us. 
 
 Thursday, November 10 VA; had an early start again 
 this morning and soon lound ourselves passing through 
 small stretches of I'r.iirie land abounding with v/ild fowl, 
 
48 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 
 and in some places very stony, while gravel beds are very 
 frequently ^passed through, furnishing an abundance ol 
 that material for the road. BetAveen these small prairies 
 are strips of wooded land, the wood being chiefly oak and 
 poplar, giving the country quite a different appearance 
 from that through which we passed i)reviously, and which 
 was principally covered with evergreens. Just at dusk 
 of evening we came in sight of the settlement of Pointe 
 de Chene, or Oak Point, in which there are some s^ixty or 
 seventy dwellings, and in a short time our tents were pitch- 
 ed on the banks of a large stream, which furnished us with 
 an ample supply of good water, when we had cut holes 
 in the ice. During the afternoon it began to snow heavily, 
 and the ground is now covered to a depth of seven or 
 eight inches Avith a fleecy mantle, while the falling snow 
 makes everything damp and cold. After pitching our 
 tents and lighting the fires, representatives from the differ- 
 ent squads made their way to a store which we had dis- 
 covered in the vicinity of our camp, where purchases of 
 groceries and vegetables Avere made ; among other things 
 bought of this pioneer merchant, Avho, by the way, is a 
 French Canadian, was a quantity of milk, frozen solid, 
 and Avhich Aras sold in cakes, Avhich Avhen melted made 
 about four ([uarts each, and it looks odd to see milk car- 
 ried in a solid state in the hands or in a bag. The South- 
 eastern ""boundarv of the Province of Manitoba is 
 someAvhere in this neighborhood, and we are noAV Avithin 
 the bounds of that Province, and camped on ihe border 
 of one of its vast prairies. Each day's march seems to be 
 shorter than the previous one no^v, the distance travelled 
 to-day being tAventy-tbrce miles, but Ave must sto}) where 
 water is convenient. 
 
 Fridaa', Xovcmber 17. — Awakened this morning at an 
 early hour to find the snow still falling and a fierce cold 
 Avind piling it into drifts and driving it into every hole 
 
TOEONTO TO FOET GAJSET. 
 
 49 
 
 and corner ; and as we marched off across the prairie we 
 had an opportunity of learning the effect, or at all events 
 the feeling caused by the wind on a traveller on the open 
 prairie with the thermometor far below zero, and it was 
 far from being cither pleasant or easy work to march 
 through new-fallen snow against a strong head wind on an 
 unbeaten road ; but hard as it was many preferred it to 
 riding in waggons where we would be suffering from 
 cold. This affords us an opportunity of forming some 
 faint conception of the sufferings endured by the French 
 soldiers under Napoleon I. during the retreat from Moscow, 
 and if we find this hard, uncomfortable, and even danger- 
 ous, well provided for as we are, how much more must it 
 have been the case with them, without any proper prepar- 
 ation, and chased by a violent enemy ; and we cannot 
 wonder at the fact that only one-tenth of his vast host 
 ever returned to La belle Frai:oD. At times, when very 
 tired, we would take a few moment's rest in the shelter 
 of the clumps of trees whi3h were occasionally met with, 
 but were glad to move on again very soon. At about five 
 in the evening the main portion of our force reached the 
 place selected for the camp, after marching seventeen 
 miles. We pitched our tents in a small wood beside a 
 farmhouse on a well-stocked farm belonging to an elderly 
 French Canadian. In the sheds and about the hay-stacks 
 are to be seen a large number of fine looking cattle and a 
 fine flock of sbeep, while at one side of the house I observ- 
 ed a reaper and mower, as well as several other of the 
 implements which modern inventive genius has furnished 
 as assistants in agricultural toil ; and altogether there 
 was an air of comfort and plenty which was quite charming 
 to wearied, half-frozen and hungry soldiers, who have the 
 prospect of spending the bitter and stormy night with no 
 protection but damp, poorly pitched tents. The roll of 
 the different squads being called, it was found that several 
 men were missing, and some of the strongest and least 
 fatigued were sent out in search of them j and being sucess- 
 
50 
 
 TORONTO TO TORT GARllY, 
 
 ful in performing their mission , brought in some poor 
 stragglers, who, in all probability, would otherwise have 
 slept their last sleep to-night on a softer bed than they have 
 occupied during the past few weeks, and have had the 
 pure white snow for winding-sheets ; and where the only 
 requiem over their lonely resting-place would have been 
 the howling of the fierce northern wind as it sweeps over 
 the broad prairie. Even as it is, one man is so badly 
 frozen that it is doubtful whether he will recover. When 
 we had pitched our tents, lighted our fires and prepared 
 fuel for the purpose of keeping our fires well supplied 
 during the night, we addressed ourselves to the occupa- 
 tion of preparing the evening meal; and while busily 
 employed at that work some oiie exclaimed, " Here is 
 John Thom," and looking up, Ave saw the full, pleasant 
 countenance of the comrade who was missing at the North- 
 west Angle. Of course he was immediately assiled with a 
 number of questions ; but some one more practical than 
 the rest of us, said " Give the man his supper before you 
 bother him with so many questions." And being sup- 
 plied with the materials whereof to make a hearty meal 
 he answered the questions propounded to him as he dis- 
 posed of the provisions set before him. 
 
 " Where have you been all the weekV '' was the first 
 question. 
 
 " You recollect,'' faid lie, "■ when wc were ready to 
 march from Hungry Island across the ice, that an ofiicer 
 called me out of the ranks ; well, he ordered the bugler 
 of ISTo. 2 Company and nie to leave our array, accoutre- 
 ments and knapsacks iu charge of the guard which was 
 to be left there, and to oarry a tent across to the North- 
 west Anglo. H:iviiig if,'()t llic tv nt ;ind Ktarted, we found 
 ourselves far behind the iv-^t ol" you, but followed in 
 your trail as well as possible ; at hai avc came to a creek 
 running into tlie main channel, which 1 suppose your emem- 
 ber crossing, but instead of crossing it we Ibllowed it up 
 into the wood some distnuce, but at length (included 
 
TOEONTO TO POET GAERT. 
 
 51 
 
 that we were taking the wrong path and started back ; as 
 it had become quite dark by this time, however, we 
 decided to remain all night. We therefore built a fire 
 and made a bed of the tent, so as to spen.d the night as 
 comfortably as possible. During the evening we heard 
 several shots fired by other parties who had lost their 
 way, but saw no one till morning, when we met some 
 voyageurs, who told us the proper way to go." 
 
 " " You must have been pretty hungry by the time you 
 got to the Angle, unless you had more to eat than the 
 rest of us on Monday." 
 
 " Oh, we got some pemmican from the voyageurs, 
 which we cooked and had a capital breakfast." 
 
 *' But how did you catch up to us so soon ? " 
 
 " We got into the North-west Angle just a little while 
 after you had all left, and found the paymaster and one 
 or two others there. He told us to remain till next 
 day and come with him, which we did, and we have 
 driven fast, having come forty miles to-day." 
 
 After a few other questions and answers about his 
 adventure, of course he had to hear our account of the 
 time since leaving him, then the remainder of the evening 
 was spent partly in vain attempt to keep dry and warm 
 and in listening to stories told by some who were gifted 
 with the ability to relate those enliveners of lonely 
 places, and prominent among those was our friend 
 '' Dodger," who, having spent several years at sea, 
 is possessed of the proverbial yarn-spinning ability of 
 Bailors. 
 
 Saturday, Nov. 18.— Our march to day was but a 
 repetition of that of yesterday, toiling through the snow 
 with the wind blowing in our faces, while the themome- 
 tcr marked, as I have been told, whether correctly or not 
 [ cannot say, 23° below zero. When we had marched 
 about twelve miles we were met by two men in a cutter, 
 who handed bottles of liquor to all who would accept 
 tliereof, and I am sorry to tay the majority seemed to be 
 
52 
 
 TORONTO TO FOBT OAEEY. 
 
 willing enough to take it, and in a Bhort time many of the 
 men began to show the effects of it. This was the first 
 time any liquor was obtained since leaving Thunder Bay, 
 and there can be no doubt that it was a fortunate thing 
 for the expedition that such was the case, for had it been 
 otherwise it is almost certain that there would have been 
 some serious accidents to deplore, for men undergoing the 
 hardships unavoidable in such an expedition as this, and 
 exposed as we were to to inclemencies of the seasofr 
 would have found it hard to resist the temptation to use 
 stimulants had they been obtainablu. About noon we 
 came in sight of the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St 
 Boniface, and about the same time the wind died away, 
 and the sky cleared off" and the sun came out bright 
 and pleasant. Having reached the cathedral we were 
 halted, put on our accoutremcrts, which had been in the 
 cart, and marched off in fours to the Red River, a distance 
 of a few hundred yards, and were marched across the 
 river in small squads lor fear that the ice would break 
 if the entire force should cross at once. After crossing 
 the Red River and the Assiniboinc, which joins it just 
 where the road crosses, we ascended the northern banks 
 of the Assiniboinc, and were greeted by the band of the 
 fore previously stationed in the fort, playing the '' British 
 Grenadiers ; '' and as each squad .rrived in front of Fort 
 Garry it was halted until the whole force had arrived, 
 when we were formed into a three sides of a square, 
 and an address from the citizens of Winnipeg, welcoming 
 us to Maninoba, was read to ua, and a suitable reply made 
 by Col. Smith. After the conclusion of this conventional 
 ceiemony we were marched into Fort Garry, and having 
 been dismissed, soon cstablishcil ourselves in our new 
 (quarters, where a warm dinner of meat, potatoes and 
 bread Avas served up to us at 2 p. m. In the evening 
 many of us found our way to the town of Winnipeg, 
 which, though the capital city of Manitoba, would be 
 considered a mere village in Ontario ; here there was a 
 
TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 53 
 
 great demand for what the *' boys " call a " square meal," 
 aud the hotels, eating-houses and saloons were kept busy 
 for a few hours in sujjplying their demands. 
 
 Sunday, ISToy. 19.— This being our first Sunday in 
 barracks, and it being considered desirable to allow us to 
 have a little rest, no church parade was ordered for to- 
 day, but all who chose were allowed to go to church, a 
 privilege which many of us gladly accepted, and at 10.30 
 a. m. attended the several churches of our choice, being 
 well pleased to have an opportunity of spending another 
 Sabbath in a Christian manner, and of singing the praises 
 of God and listening to the exposition of His Word. At 
 nine o'clock this morning fifty men and two officers 
 belonging to the Quebec Campany, were marched away 
 to the Stone Fort, a distance of twenty miles ; and fifty 
 more men from one of tlie companies will leave for Pem- 
 bina some time during the coming week. To-morrow we 
 will begin the regular round of duties of soldiers in 
 quarters. So ends a short but eventful chapter in the 
 life of a Canadiau soldier, for with barrack life will corn- 
 commence a new and more monotonous poruou of that 
 history, with the same dreary round of duties and few 
 changes of scene and few incidents to interest and occupy 
 the mind, the arrival of mails from home being the 
 onlyjinteresting event perhaps for weeks. 
 
 
 FORT GARRY. 
 
 On the northern bank of the Assiniboine River, and 
 about live hundred yards from its junction with the Red 
 River, stalls the much talked of and much written of 
 Fort Garry. The fort itself is a rectangular structure, 00 
 yards in width by 180 in length, having circular bastions 
 built of limestone at the south-ea<»t and south-west corners, 
 and one in the centre of each of the two side walls ; these 
 bastions, which at one time formed the four coruers of the 
 
54 
 
 TORONTO TO FORT GARRY. 
 
 fort — it having been originally a square— arc pierced with 
 port-holes for artillery and loop-holes for small arms, and 
 are connected by a stone wall twelve feet high and be- 
 tween two and three feet in thickness, while the east and 
 west sides have been extended to double their original 
 length, the additional piece of wall having been built of 
 squared oak timber, as was also the new northern wall. 
 Over the north gate is a square tower, also pierced for 
 both guns and small arms, and over it waves the flag of 
 the l^ritish Empire. Entering the fort by the southern 
 g«te, we find directly in front of us the bi.lldiLg occupied as 
 officers' quarters ; immediately *.o our left and against the 
 south wall are the guardhouse, orderly room, and ser- 
 ^,;ants' mess, and down the western side are four long 
 two-story buildings, built for storehouses, two of which 
 are now used as barracks ; between these and the wall are 
 several smaller buildings, used for cook-house, bake-house, 
 etc. On the east side are several more storehouse?, a 
 retail store, and the residences ot the Governor of the fort 
 and other Hudson's Bay Company officials ; in the centre 
 are the offices of the Hudson's Bay Company and the 
 engine-house ; near the northern end, and facing the north 
 gate, is the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor of tlie 
 Province of Manitoba. In the barrack square, in front of 
 the officers' quarters, are a number of field guns of diflTer- 
 ent calibre, and several garrison gu^is and mortars, svhich, 
 with the piles of shot and shell lying about, aod the 
 sentries pacing their beats in difierent directions, give the 
 place and scene a truly military appearance, whicn is still 
 further enhanced at times by the mounting cf gi/arda or 
 tho drilling of the various squads or companies of soldiers^ 
 
 Taking our stand upon the walls of the fort and looking 
 
 toward the norih, we see the town of Winnipeg, standing 
 
 on the bank of the Red River, aboi-t a mile from the fort . 
 
 -. . . . '' 
 
 it is a very compact and business-like pince, eontai'?ing 
 
 about a hundred houses, nearly all of which are used as 
 
 places of business, and 'laving a population somewhat less 
 
FORT GARRY. 
 
 55 
 
 h 
 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 than a thousand. It contains three churches — one Church 
 of England, one Methodist, and one Presbyterian— three 
 printing offices, from which are issued four weekly papers, 
 three of ihem English and one French ; and a great num- 
 ber of hotels and saloons. The streets of the town are 
 good in winter and in dry weather, but in wet weather 
 they become exceedingly bad, and as there are no side- 
 walks, pedestrians have to walk through oceans of mud 
 and water in passing from one part to another. Half a 
 mile beyond Winnipeg is the village of Point Douglas; 
 and along the bank of the river beyond that is a line of 
 houses, churches and windmills, farther than the range of 
 our vision, looking like one continued village. 
 
 Turning our eyes to the east and south-east we see the 
 Cathedral of St. Boniface, the Archiepiscopal Palace, Col. 
 lege. Hospital, Orphan Asylum, and other church buildings 
 of the Roman Catholic Parish of St. Boniface ; and far 
 away up the Re<l River, and back and around the Cathe- 
 dral,outhe prairie and awr.y beyond the tree8|on the bluffs, 
 are the houses of the parishioners of that parish. 
 
 Looking next toward the west and south-west, a long 
 row of white houses, with one or two windmills and a 
 church, lines the tree-clad banks of the Assiniboine as far 
 as the eye can reach. 
 
 If we now cast our eyes toward the north-west, the ap- 
 parently boundless prairie stretches away to the distant 
 horizon, looking in winter like some vast frozen sea or lake, 
 ice-bound and snow-covered ; and in summer, when clothed 
 with rich garments of verdant grass and bushes, it still 
 bears some resemblance to a great body of waters, while 
 the tents of emigrantiH dnd surveyors, and the wigwams o 
 Indians and fur-traders might be taken for the sails o* 
 shipp; still the luxuriant growth of vegetation has a far 
 more land-like and attractive appearance than hte vast 
 waste of snow. 
 
 Fort Garry contains nearly thirty buildings at the pre- 
 sent time, and from its position at the junction of the Red 
 
 ::^* 
 
« 
 
 \ 
 
 56 TORONTO TO FOET •A.RRY. 
 
 
 and Assiniboine Rivers, in the heart of tlie Province, it and 
 
 
 the town of Winnipeg — for they may even now be con- 
 
 
 sidered one place—appears to have every chance of becom- 
 ing a large city within a few years. The fact of being the 
 seal of government, and the point toward which all the 
 great highways of the province converge, will also tend to 
 produce that result. 
 
 LIFE IN BARRACKS. 
 
 The " Jftouse " is sounded by the bugler at 6 30 a. m., 
 in winter, at 5 30 a. m., in summer, when every man 
 has to rise ; five minutes after, the cry for '* Orderly Ser- 
 geants " is sounded, when the Sergeants have to answer 
 for their men being present and risen ; twenty minute;s 
 after " ^ouse " the Regimental Orderly Sergeant passes 
 through the rooms to see that the men all have 
 their beds properly made ; the beds are made up by fold- 
 ing them so that each shall show three folds, and then 
 lay one on the othei ; an oil sheet is also folded so as to 
 show three folds, each about two feet in length, and is 
 laid upon the centre of the pile of blankets, the ends of 
 which are then folded over upon the sheet, thus forming 
 an ovel-edgcd bundle or roll, the face of which is made; 
 as smooth and flat as pob^lble by drawing the front of 
 each fold so as to lie exactly over that beneath it ; the 
 pillow is placed on the centre of the straw tick, which is 
 then rolled up and a strap put round it, when the roll of 
 blankets is laid on top After the visit of the regimental 
 Orderly Sergeant, and half an hour after ^' xjfouse," the 
 bugle sounds " dress for parade," and half-an-hour after, 
 the " fall in " is heard, when there is squad or setting-up 
 drill for an hour ; at fifteen minutes to eight the " first 
 breakfast call " is sounded, and the " room orderlies" 
 have to go to the cook-houses for the coffee ; at five rain- 
 ates before eight the call for " orderly corporals " is heard, 
 and they havo to parade the " room orderlies " with the 
 
LIFE IN HARRAaCS. 
 
 57 
 
 < 
 
 breakfosts ol" the men on guard ; at eight the " second 
 breakfast call " sounds, and the men sit down to break- 
 fast, and while they are eating their meal the " olKcer ol" 
 the day " accomponiod by the " regimental orderly ser- 
 geant " visits the rooms and inquires whether the men 
 have any complaints to make in regard to their rations. 
 After breakfast there is a little leisure time which is em- 
 ployed in cleaning arms and accoutrements, in reading or 
 in conversation. At a. m., the " sick bugle " sounds, 
 when those who have reported themselves sick are march- 
 ed to hospital to see the surgeon. Immediately after is 
 the call for " fatigue,'' and nuin who have been detailed 
 to cut wood, carry water, or eh^an the barrack yard, or 
 any other menial work, are sent to the })lace where they 
 are to be employed ; in the meantime the room orderlies 
 having washed the dishes and swept the rooms, take their 
 axes and cut and carrv in thv wood necessarv for their 
 rooiL'=« during the day. The "dress for guard" sounds at 
 9 SO and at 10 " guard fall in," at the same |time " dress 
 for parade" is sounded. The guard having *' fallen in " 
 on the parade ground is inspected by the Adjutant and 
 Sergeant-Major, v/hile tiio company Orderly Sergeants 
 stand by to note any orders given by tlie Adjutant, who 
 closely inspects the inside and outside of the rifles, and the 
 swords to gee tliat that they are perfectly clean and free 
 from rust or dust, the slings of the rifles, scabbards of the 
 swords, the belts and pouches, to see that they are all 
 well blacked and polished, and the clothing, to see that it 
 is clean and neatly kept. On finding a man with anything 
 in bad order, if it is the first time he reprimands him, but 
 if he has been in the habit of appearing so, or has his arms 
 and accoutrements in a very bad state, he is awarded an 
 " erctra guanl," n,nd it is no imconiraon thing to hear the 
 Adjutant, on halting in front of a man, say : — 
 
 " Why did you not clean that buckle," or " That rifle 
 is not properly cleaned,'' or call attention to the fact that 
 the clothing requires a little brughing, and if the raa» 
 
 !■ 
 
nR 
 
 TOllONTO TO FOKT OAttUY 
 
 makes an unsatisfactory excuse, and sometimes whether 
 an excuse is made or not, ho will be heard to say; — 
 
 " Orderly sergeant of No. 1 " (or 2 or ;^, as the case 
 may be) " give this man an extra guard." 
 
 While the men who are not clean or neat enough to 
 satisfy the Adjutant are treated in this manner, there 
 is anotlier inducement to be clean, for the cleanest man on 
 the ground is selected by the Adjutant as the Orderly for 
 the day, thus furnishing a positive as well as a negative 
 reason for taking pains to be clean, but as this is the ob- 
 ject of many, and only one can be chosen Orderly, there 
 are a good many clean men go on as sentries. The du- 
 ties of the Adjutant's orderly are to attend at the orderly 
 room, and carry any messnges that may be sent from that 
 office ; in the evening he is allowed to do as he pleases, and 
 he spends the night in bed, while his comrades, who 
 mounted guard at the sr.mo time, are on duty the full 
 twenty-four hours, both night and day. 
 
 I remember reading, a few years ago, an article in 
 Chambers Jounial in regard to military life, much of 
 which was very true, but it is my opinion that the writer 
 of the article never was a private soldier, for in speaking 
 of doing duty as a sentry, or " sentry go," as it is com- 
 monly called among soldiers, he says, — " this duty, so far^, 
 from beiug disliked, is rather enjoyed by the s):<i2kdy 
 soldier, as it gives him an opportunity for^v;»iiet reflec- 
 tion," &c. Now having had soma, TA^erience in the 
 matter, and having had opportiffiities of learning the 
 opinions of many others I have no hesitation in saying 
 that there are very few, if any, who enjoy it at all, and 
 in fact I have never met one who did like the duty. If 
 the author of the article in question had ever done 
 " sentry go,"" with the thermometer ranging between 30" 
 and 45° below zero, or under a burning sun with the 
 mercury at 100° in the shade, perhaps he would have 
 thought somewhat differently on the subject; not only 
 tliis, but the '* quiet reflection," is a good deal of a myth 
 
 '., >»i»ir wwWN*fli!»P*>!!iHBB 
 
't 
 
 LIFF. ly rURTlACKS. 
 
 n9 
 
 on other groundH, for wliile there is tiino for thought 
 there is very little time for connected thought, since the 
 attention is continually drawn away and diverted from 
 any subject on which tho mind may be >!T\elling, by tho 
 duties of hi:^ position :vu\ tho <'(/rt?tnnt watchfulness 
 required. •*'' 
 
 The guard having been duly inspecled, is marched oft" 
 \o relieve tho old guard, and after going through the 
 long formula prescribed for relieving of guards, the old 
 guard is marched away to be inspected by the " orderly 
 officer of the day," and are dismissed, and are not liable 
 for any parade or duty till noon. At 10 at) the " fall in " 
 for drill is sounded and there is an hour's drill again. 
 The " prisoners' call " goes at 12 noon, when any m(!n 
 Avho have been confined in the guard room for any infrac- 
 tion of military rules, Avith the ovidcnce lor and against 
 them, are marched to the orderly room where they are 
 "told oil'" or tried by the commanding officer, when; 
 they are awarded various punishment?, according to the 
 number of times they have appeared there before, or the 
 degree of the " crime ;" for the first offence or a simple 
 " crime " he may be only " admonished," but if he has 
 " been up " several limes it is very likely *' seven days 
 confined to bnrracks," or " fourteen to barracks ;" if for 
 drunkenness, he may be fined, and for some oflences he 
 will receive " three days to cells," or even as many as 
 seven days to cells ; if it be a very serious crime, he will 
 probably be remanded for a court martial, and be awarded 
 by it from seven to for'^y-two days solitary confine- 
 ment ; during the time a man is confined in the cells his 
 pay is forfeited and he is kept at work. 
 
 As 12.45 is the ''first dinner call," at 12.55 the "orderly 
 corporals," and at 1 p. m. the ' second dinner call," at 
 each of which th'^ nuie programme is gone through with 
 as at breakfast. The " dress for parade " sounds again 
 at 1.80, and at 2 the " fall in;" at 3 the "ration bugle," 
 when room orderlies go for the bread, meat, potatoes and 
 
r^ iP ' 
 
 60 
 
 TORONTO T» FOBT GARRY. 
 
 groceries for their companies, which, with the exception 
 of the bread, they t'lke to the cookc. The drill ends at 
 .■].;J0, and there is nothing further to be done except clean 
 up or read or write, according to fancy, till 4.45, when 
 the " first tea bugle "sounds, "orderly corporals" at 
 4.55, and "second tea call " at 5 o'clock. 
 
 The " retreat," a very pretty bugle call, is sounded at 
 sundown, a warning call, named the *' quarter-bugle," 
 having sounded fifteen minutes before ; the picket are 
 inspected by the " officer of the day" at "retreat," and 
 if they are not required are dismissed to their rooms till 
 "last post." Mon not on duty Lave the evening to 
 themselves from tea-time till " first post," and may leave 
 quarters if he is not on the " list" of defaulters or sick ; 
 " iirst post " is sounded at 0. p. m. in winter, and at 9.30 
 in summer, .uid tifteen minutes previous the "quarter 
 bugle " or " drummers' call " is sounded ; half an hour 
 after " first post " is '' l.-ist post," when the picket have to 
 parade again, aud any men who are absent without a 
 "pass" are made prisoners on their return and are 
 punished next day ; fifteen minutes after " last post," the 
 bugle sounds " lights out," when all lights have to be 
 oxtHjgnished, dampers on stoves arid all the men in bed. 
 
 On Saturday the ordinary routine is somewhat varied 
 l>y a " kitfinspection " at 10.;30 instead of the ordinary 
 parade, and medical inspection at 2 p. m. Sunday differs 
 from th„ other days in having only one parade, " church 
 parade," in the morning, when all the men not on duty 
 ?re marched to the respective churches of their choice. 
 
 At irregular intervals every day and evening, between 
 other calls, may be licard the " defaulters' call," when the 
 itien who have b(?en sentenced to confinement to barracks 
 by the commanding ofticer have to answer a roll call by 
 the Regimentai Orderly Sergeant, and receive extra 
 punishment if absent. 
 
 ■■"^jm 
 
when 
 i" at 
 
 61 
 
 ■"^S 
 
 IN CAMP. 
 
 The Provisional Battalion (made up of the men of the 
 second expedition and the re-cnlisted men of the 1st 
 Ontario and 2nd Quebec Rifles) marched from Fort Garry 
 at 11 a. m. on Tuesday, June 11th, leaving a guard with 
 two sentries to keep watch, and marched about a mile up 
 the Assiniboine River, to the point where it is joined by 
 Colony Creek and there formed their camp for the summer. 
 On the march, the battalion was headed by the excellent 
 band, and in advance the tame black bear marched along ' 
 as if his trade Avere to lead a regiment. The camp is 
 situated in a very pleasant and healthy position, and 
 though it is somewhat disagreeable in wet weather, yet 
 we enjoy ourselves very well when it is dry. One great 
 drawback is, that as guards have to be mounted at both 
 ihe camp and the fort duties are very heavy, and each 
 duty man has to go on guard once in three or four days. 
 
 The camp being on the bank of the river (which at 
 this part has a very strong current), bathing and SAvim- 
 ming vvere very much in vogue ; but on Thursday, June 
 'i7th, as several of the men Avere swimming, one of thcm^ 
 Corporal Charles Dumas, was suddenly seized with a 
 cramp and sank to rise no more as a living man. His 
 body was not found till Saturday evening, when it rose 
 to the surface and floated down to the bridge opposite 
 the fort, where it was stopped and taken out. On 
 Sunday, 30th, at 11 a. m., he was buried in the church- 
 yard of the St. Boniface Cathedral, with military honors, 
 in the midst of a heavy storm of rain. The coflin, sur- 
 mounted by his cap, belt and sword, was placed upon a 
 nine-pounder field gun and drawn by two ])o\v(Tiul horses. 
 while the band played that grandly solemn piece of 
 music the " Dead march in Saul," and all the men of the 
 battalion not on duty followed. Tlie funeral service 
 liaving been performed over his body, the firinu;- party 
 fired three volleys in the air, and the Avhole force returned 
 to camp, leaving the body of the first man of the second 
 
IN" CAMP. 
 
 62 
 
 expedition who has died in the service, and vi^ith tho 
 expresBed hope that he may be the last. 
 
 We have in our camp quite a menagerie of animals, 
 including a, black bear, a wolf, two foxes, several cats, a 
 lamb, a go'dhet and nearly forty dogs of every size, age 
 and variety, and we are on tlie look-out for a moose, a 
 deer and a badger, when wo think thnt our collection will 
 be about complete. 
 
 But in spite of all the attract lomt of a military life, 
 the beautiful stream, and strawberry covered prairie sur- 
 rounding us, all are anxiously awaiting the time when we 
 shall be free to return to oar distant eastern homes if we 
 choose, for though a quite time in barracks or camp, or 
 the hard work of marching through a wild country in a 
 wintry season does not bring so much glory as accrues 
 to the soldier described by Shakespeare in his " As you 
 like it," 
 
 " When the fierce soldier, beartled like the paid, 
 
 Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel, 
 
 Seeking the bubble reputation even in the cannon's mouth." 
 
 yet there is probably as much to weary him, and far less 
 to interest and incite on to renewed and continued military 
 service, So much is this tho case that even the hard 
 work, danger and excitement incident to the march from 
 Thunder Bay to this place was enjoyed by many more 
 than the quiet, dreary and monotonous state of existence 
 passed in barracks during the winter months. 
 
 7.. /u ^ ^'t 
 
 'i(C^ 
 
 i 
 
 Camp Absiniboine, July 1872. 
 
RANK AND NAMES OF OFFICERS AND MEN 
 OF THE EXPEDITION. 
 
 STAFF : 
 
 Capt. Thos. Scott, in command of the Expedition. 
 Capt. W. B. Morris, Paymaster. 
 Capt. Edward Armstrong, Quartermaster. 
 Sfegbon D. Codd. 
 
 No. I Company. 
 
 Capt. Thos. Scott 
 Lieut. Hayter Reed 
 Ensign W. H. Nash 
 Scrgt. -Major John Chinner 
 Quartermaster-Sergt. Joseph Somerville 
 Paymaster's-Sergt., James McKay 
 Hospital-Sergt., Montagu Banks 
 Scrgt. W, S. Volume 
 
 " W. H. Means 
 
 " Wm. Kelloch 
 
 " Harland Wright 
 
 " George Adshead 
 Corpl. Thos. Baker 
 
 " Tames Dunn 
 
 " Wm. Garvin 
 
 " George Connor 
 
 " Thos. Tweed 
 Adams, Samuel 
 Allen, George 
 Amandus, Fred 
 Annabel, M. 
 Beatty, George 
 Beers, Edmund 
 Bond, Jj-mes 
 Booth, John 
 Brown, Henderson 
 Buchanan, G. 
 Cale, John H. 
 Caldwell, — 
 Campbell, Duncan 
 Campbell, James 
 Campbell, Peter 
 Carey, John 
 Clelland, Peter 
 Coombs, Owen 
 Cook, John 
 Crusoe, F. 
 
 Crow, SaimMel * < 
 
 Crawford, Alexandei 
 Currey, Ansen 
 Cavidson, GeorRe 
 Duperanzelle, — 
 Dunlop, Robert 
 Elliott, Walter 
 Falls, Robert 
 Fawcett, Albert 
 Forbes, Daniel 
 Foster, Robert 
 Galbraith, James 
 Gale, George 
 Gill, John 
 Gowfand, George 
 
 Gillies, John 
 Griffin, Justus A. 
 Griffith, Ed. 
 Hallowell, John 
 Hearn, Hiram 
 Hutchinson, John 
 Keeley, Samuel 
 Lamond, Charles 
 De I'Armitage 
 Lloyd, John 
 Lundy, George 
 Luddington, Henry 
 Mahoney, George 
 Macbeth, Duncan 
 McCumber, Alfred 
 McLean, Pf+er 
 McCurdy, Jai .cs 
 McGarry, James 
 McKenzie, P. 
 Meagher, Augustus 
 Meagher, Thos. 
 Miller, Henry 
 Moffatt, David 
 Nelles, Sylvester 
 Purvis, Peter 
 Phillips, James B. 
 Price, Joseph 
 Renshaw, Robert 
 Ross, James 
 Rowsell, Edward 
 Reeves, Edward 
 Reynolds, J. 
 Savage, Sidney 
 Simpson, — 
 Smith, John, s«n. 
 Smith, John, jr. 
 Sherrington, — 
 Shepherd, John 
 Saunders, W. H. 
 Saunders, JoJin 
 Telford, John J. 
 Thompson, Duncan 
 Thompson, George 1 
 Thorn, John 
 Torrie, Arthur 
 Turner, W. 
 Wedge, Isaac 
 White, Robert 
 Wellband, W. 
 Willoughby, P. 
 Wilson, Thos. 
 Wilson, Samuel 
 Young, Douglas 
 
64 
 
 NAMES, 
 
 No, 2 CoiiPA;:i 
 Cipt. Fletcher 
 Lieut. George SimarH 
 Irinsign Martineau 
 Sergt. Geo. Mace}' 
 I'red Aj'ltner 
 
 " Alfred Desjardin 
 
 " Thos. Cottinghtni 
 
 " jean Guillott 
 Corpl. Chao. Johnston 
 
 " Wm. Johnston 
 
 " Jan. Fullcrton 
 
 " K. Bernier 
 r'red Vogt 
 AUoway, Charier, 
 licaudy, Oscar 
 Boulanger, Louis 
 Hourke, Jame;. 
 Brule, Jf)seph 
 Chasse, Charles 
 Chishoim, Wm. 
 Collina, Alfred 
 Curtin, Wm. 
 Desluc, I'lric 
 Dupont, Leon 
 Dupras, John 
 >'othergi"ll, John 
 Goyer, Alex. 
 Gordon, Wm. 
 Gaulthier, Jean 
 r^evesque, Vital 
 Lord, John 
 McCaddy, Robert 
 McCarroil, John 
 >f archand, A. 
 Mitchell, Hil'jard 
 Payette, Ulrir 
 I'eiissier, Jean 
 I'entland, Jamc-, 
 Rancour, Charles 
 Ross, Archibald 
 KosK, James 
 Rouledge, Napoleon 
 Lauve, H. 
 .Smith, Wm. 
 Sirois. Theo. 
 ']"ait, James 
 Thibault, A. 
 Thompson, j. 
 Thompson, Char.. 
 Tnrcotte, Sam 
 Vincent, Louis 
 
 VVahh, Michael 
 Whittaker, Fra;i;. 
 Heenoy, Pat 
 AUard, F. 
 Bailey, Jolni 
 Ball, George 
 Ball, Thomas 
 >5ernier, R. 
 Buchanan, D 
 Carroll, M. 
 Cornell, James 
 Cornell, George 
 Daily, Charles 
 Darby, John 
 Dumas, Charles 
 Dawes, A. 11. 
 Dawson, Sam 
 Deegan, Jami;s 
 i)obbs, Arthrr 
 I^olphin, John 
 England, Alfred 
 I'razer, John 
 Hardy. Robert 
 II as sett, Thos. 
 Ilosbrook, D. 
 Hicks, John 
 Gall, Wm. 
 King, Charlos 
 Langtrce, Henry 
 Longpre, Edward 
 Logan, Sam 
 Mc.Nai:, R. 
 McXcil, D. 
 McCormitic, 'J"lii).. 
 McGranahan, — 
 Michand, T. 
 Xeilson, D. 
 Owen, 1\. 
 Prcsho, D.a\-id 
 Rcnand, Josep:! 
 Roe, John 
 R_ md, George 
 'J'aylor, Ernest 
 Thorn, David 
 Thorne. Edward 
 Turnbull, )ohn 
 Walmsley] D. 
 Williamson, Joi!:i 
 Young, fames 
 McLean, C. II, 
 Mulranv, '.'a; 
 
 
 <•", 
 
 •■^^^^^■^ 
 
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