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LONDON; XifiARLES KNIGHT AND CO., 22, LUDGATE STREET. 1842. Price Siippence, PRELIMINARY NOTICE. OFFICE OF THE COLONIAL LAND AND EMIGRATION COMMISSIONERS. ' With the view of obtaining information which might probably be useful to persons proposing to settle in the British Provinces in North America, tiie Commissioners of Land and Emigration some time since prepared, in order to be transmitted to the authorities of these colonies, two sets of questions, one embracing the points having reference to emigrants taking out capital, the other those which appeared more especially to relate to the welfare of the labourer. The colonial authorities circulated these questions amongst govern- ment officers, public bodies, and private individuals, and digested the answers which were obtained into separate returns for each province. These returns, except with regard to Nova Scotia, from which replies have not arrived, are now published in the following pages, as far as possible in the words in which they were received from the colonial authorities. The Commissioners take the opportunity of the publication of these returns to prefix some other statements and tables which they believe may be of use or interest to parties contemplating emigration. They will be found enumerated in the annexed list of contents. By order of the Board, Stephen Walcott, Secretary. 9, Park Street, Westminster ; , " May, 1842. CONTENTS. 1. o 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. P«ge Functions of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners . 4 List and Duties of the Government Emigration Agents in the United Kingdom, and in the North American Colonies . . 5 Average Length of Voyages to Quehec during the Seison of 1841 . 6 Cost and other Particulars of the Passage to the North American Colonies .....••• 7 Table of Distances from Halifax to Quebec, and from thence to Fort Erie, and intermediate Places . . . .9 Statement of the Area, granted and ungranted lands, and Population of the several Provinces . . . • . .10 Climate ..»•••• H — 13 Coins . . • . • • • .14 Returns of the Number of Emigrants in past years. . . 15 Information for Emigrants with Capital . . . 16—25 Information for Emigrants of the Labouring Class . . 26—39 Caution to Emigrants against refusing offer of good Wages. . 51 Caution against re-emigrating from the British Colonies into the adjoining States . . . . • . 52, 53 a2 INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO No. 1. Colonial Land and Emigration Commission, As this Commission has only been recently constituted, it may perhaps be useful to give a short outline of the nature of its powers and duties, in order that the public may be the better aware in what manner and to what extent it can avail itself of the establishment. The Board was appointed by Commission under the royal sign manual, and its proceedings are directed by instructions from the Secretary of State for the Colonial Department. The practical duties of the Commissioners may be divided under three heads : — 1. Sale of Colonial Lands. 2. Superintendence of Emigration. 3. Diffusion of Information in respect to the Colonies. 1. The Commissioners are enabled to contract for the sale of waste lands in certain of the colonies. They furnish the parties depositing money in this country with certificates of payment available for the purchase of land in the colony, and apply the money to the conveyance of emigrants nominated by the depositors. They have, however, no authority to perform this office in respect of lands situated in the North American colonies. 2. Whenever persons of the labouring class proceed to the colonies at the public expense, it is intrusted to the Commissioners to see, as far as possible. First, that they have not been induced to emigrate by pub- lications improperly representing the advantages which await them. Next, that they are of the description required in the colony to which they are going. Thirdly, that they are forwarded in vessels fit for the voyage, and having on board a sufficient supply of provisions, water, and all other articles requisite for the health and comfort of the passengers. On the other hand, when the expense of emigration is defrayed by privrte funds, it belongs to the Board, as far as possible, to protect the poor from imposition, and from the effects of impro- vident arrangements on their part ; and to see that the provisions of the Passengers' Act are duly carried out and enforced. 3. It is the province of the Commissioners from time to time to make public any authentic information which they may receive on matters connected with the settlement of waste lands in the colonies, and affecting the interest of any description of persons who propose to settle in them. They likewise answer all applications from indi- viduals, and afford them, so far as may be in their power, such in- formation as may be adapted to their particular cases. The office of the Commissioners is at No. 9, Park-street, West- minster, and all communications should be addressed to their secre- tary, Stephen Walcott, Esq. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. No. 2. List of the Government Emigration Agents in the United Kingdom. Lieut. Lk\n, R.N., London (Office, East Sinithfield). Lieut. Hbnky, R.N., Liverpool (Office, 33, Uuion>8treet). Lieut. Forrest, K.N., Leith. liieut. Hkmmans. R.N., Greanock. Liput. Hoi)»KR, K.N., Dublin, Liout. FuiBNu, R.N., Cork. Lieut. Stahkk, R.N., Belfast. Mr. Lynch, K.N., Limerick. Liout. SlIUTTLKWORTH, R.N.) Sli|fO. Lieut. Rausay, R.N., Londonderry. These officers act under the immediate directions of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, and the following is a summary of their duties : — They correspond with any magistrates, clergymen, parish officers, or others who may apply to them for information as to the facilities for emigration from their respective stations. They procure and give, gratuitously, information as to the sailing of ships, and means of accommodation for emigrants ; and whenever applied to for that purpose, they see that all agreements between ship-owners, agents, or masters, and intending emigrants are duly performed. They also see that the provisions of the Passengers' Act are strictly complied with, viz., that passenger-vessels are sea-worthy, that they have on board a snflicient supply of provisions, water, medicines, &c., and that tliey sail with proper punctuality. They attend pci'sonally at their offices on every week day, and generally they afford, gratuitously, all the assistance in their power to protect intending emigrants against fraud and imposition, and to obtain redress where oppression or injury has been practised on them. Government Emigration Agents in the Colonies. Canada. Quebec. — A. C. Buchanan, Esq., Chief Agent for Eastern (Lower) Canada. Montreal. — Jamks Allison, Esq. Bi/town. — Georok Burke, Esq. Kiiiijslon. — John Roy, Ksq. 7«ro«/o.— A. B. Hawke, Esq., Chief Agent for Western (Upper) Canada. Nkw Brunswick. St. Johns, — Alexander Weddekburn, Esq., Chief Agent. Frcdrricion — Edmund Ward, Esq., Assistant Emigration Agent. In the other North American provinces there are no Government emigration agents. 6 INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO The duties of these officers are, to aflbrd gratuitoiisly to eniiKrnuts every assistance in their power by way of auvice and information as to the districts where employment can be obtained most readily, and on the most advantageous terms, and also as to the best modes of reaching such districts, Tlie Governor-general of Canada has appointed Thomas Rolnh, Esq. to be Emigration Agent in the United Kingdom, on behalf of the Government of Canada. His address is, " Colonial Society, 15, St. James's Square, liondon." Ul. No. 3. Abstract of Average length of Passages made by VesBels with Emigrants from the United Kingdom to Quebec during the Year 1841 ; taken from the Annunl Report, dated Slat December, 1841, of the Emigation Agent for Eastern (Lower) Canada. Dale of Snlllng from tlio Unllod Number of Sliortest LonRcst Arcmgo Kingdom. VeiieU. rii9iii|>Pi Piismgo. I'nssngu. DavH. 49 Davs. Dayi. 49 March 30th I 49 From April 1st to the 15 '.i. . . 84 34 6i 44: .3fi; „ April 16th to the 30th . . 4G 21 78 „ May Ist to the 15th . . . 32 3:. 59 46^ „ May 16th to the 31st. . . 27 .18 0') 465 „ Juue 1st to the 15th . . . 15 38 75 51 „ June 16th to the 30th . . 13 41 70 59 „ July 1st to the 15th . . , 17 34 C5 52^ . „ July 16th to the 3l8t . . 11 43 C7 50l „ Auguvt Isttothe 15th . . 23 33 57 43J ' „ August 16th to the 31 st . . IG 29 6i) 40i „ September 1st to the 15th . 6 31 56 42 fc-.. ^-^.I' ll M ■lU. REMARKS. imiliM til Quebec— yfater, c(M)kin|{-henrtli, fuel, nnd medleinei, arii <>iiiiiil i>iiilliilii)ii, but ahipuwiit-riuteuatoblliioil lu tlnil aiur)(i'oa « North Amorica. hfriioul to Qu»hec.—T\\e prir* of Inlermedinte uiiil tivnagf pni- \uil«* iMitlrvly (leprndioii tlm iiiiniber of itliiu* KoiiiK. and uf th« 4ppllciilioni fur iiu*an){va. Tliu pricut Kivtin fur theciibiii piumiKe \tvi tlioae chtirijml in pnvkft iliiuH ucRunliiiu iii piiHtfiiKiT* urc>, iir i-te nut, iiippliod will) wiiu't. Hy piicket liiipi, imfrniiMliiitn iind itcuriiKu piiiiuui{iTB M» cl iiVKed 5(. to fOf. muru Ibaii bv nrdiiiiiry n'Hclii. Iiit' yiiebi-c. .eith t» Halifax.— Vhe rates hore given are those to New York, fl'he clinrges to Halifax are about the same. Hgu i« Mu<(/ii«.— No jiassages taken from this pott. imerick tu Hidifux. — Ditto. ork to i/af'/i'.— I'usiagut very loldom taken. London to New Bruniwich.— Very few passengers from London. .iverpool to New Brunswick.— Ho e.nigralion from I,ivori)ool to this colony. , , , , .„ ireemivk tu New Bruntwick—Tlio prices to Mlramichl are u trifle lower. , . ■ . , Oublin to New BrMiuwi'cft.— Passage to Miramiclii higher. ielfiitt to New Brumwivk.- Prices to St. Jolin's and Miramichi are VlH>»t the same. Umerick to New fininiwicA.— Ditto. *\ •I a3 Tabi.r iliiminK the I'him of Convri (AHIN. To QnaMe i From Luiiiluii • , , Liv«r|iuul , , I.eilh . , , Greenock ,, DiiMin . ,, Ik'U.ut . , , L.iniliiniltrrry , , KliKu . , , Liincrii'k , , f ;ork . Vaidl Ciwl or tVungi*. 20/. to 2.V. Abuiit tOI. Tttbln, wiMilliiir llUvilur out. I ArtieWt ft>un4 by III* Nlilp. Fltlol with bvildinK Kurnithvil • • i l/iiial labU luiiiiliiii , Eirnry rai|uUili . , 10/. lo 12/. 20/. 11/. U/. 111. IJ/. 1(1/. Il2/.12it»l ,,,,. \ 13/. I.'...) '""'• lit. to HI. \ Oiltu Kitlvil I U'ulrr, fui-l.amlproviiiuni Oi-rii'tiUy witli brililiuK ^iime ■• fur H|iUiii . . ,, I WitlDr, fuel, mil |iruvUioiia Fittfil . . t I • I Hiiinu M fur c>|iliilii • . Ditto Dillu Dillo Ditto Ditto, vicept btililliig llvtirylliioK but wini • To ■•!!«» I rriim I.uiiiluii Liverpool • 1.1'ith . I (treeiiuck • Dubli.i . . Ui'lluat . . I.iiiiilunilrrry 8li|;o . . Limerick • Uiirk. . • '.^U/. lu2V. About 25/. 12/. to 13/. Ifi/. 11/. U/. 1 It. 12/. 14/. to Ifi/. Uiuilly wilhoui beililiuK Furniihtd • i i • Uiukl tulil* iiippliei Every r«qiii>it« . Ki'teil . Suinetimai Fitted Ditto Water, fuel, and proviiioni .Siiine M fur coiitsin . . VVnteri fiii'l, ■ml proviaions Cuplain'i fare, . . Ditto To V«w Smniwlok i From London • • . Liverpool Leith . tiruenock Dublin . U/.ta25/. 13/. 10/. to 12/. 16/. 8/. Belfaat . . Londonderry SllRO . . 12/. 1(1/. to 12/. 8/. to 101. Limerick . Cork. . . . LW. Uii'ttlly without bcddin)( faunl table auppliui . . Fitted ...... Kvery lequiilte . , . Fitted without bedding; I'ruviaioni and liquiili , Fitted Hiima ua lor iiiaiter . . Fitted without bedilini; ' Fuel, water, and ihip'a pro- viaiuuK. Fitted Ship'a allowanre . • • Ditto I'ruviaioui, apiriia, and ale Ditto , Cibin fart Same aa to Quebec Fitted Sliip'a i roviaioni . • • [Tu/aetp. «.] When not compiiti I.ondon . . . Rx Liverpool • • . Di Leith . , . . Al (irvenock . ■ Dublin. . , ;|ci llL'IfllBt . , . Al Londonderry . . To Sliifo . . . • 1 Limerick . . • 1' Cork . . . . K uliowing the PKirt of Convrvancr nml otiifr pArticulnri relating tc the I'mMur from tlione Hurt* of the I'nitcil KiiiR VHIN. ut nil. I Artly ili« Nlil|>, ililiiit( Uiiial tabU lupiilim ■ Kvtiry i«<)uiall« . . Water, fiU'Laml proviaiuni Siimu ■• fur c«|>l«iii . U'atvr.l'iivl.iinil |iruvi»iuni Siiinu at fur canluiii • Ditlu Dido Dillii, vicrpt btililln); KvvrjtIiiiiK but winf i INTKHMKDIATK. uf PillUM* t'ntvliliint. HI. lu 101. il. lo 6/. rtiml rit*i Ot t'NMKHd UllhlHll rniTltluai, 7/,10>.ta8A r/, if. to .1/. (Ulilii, wIhiIIiii llltd or uul* Fitlril,«xcrpth«ililiiiK Ditlu . . • . . No ii«. • • 4/. ' Hiirtha III mil , Nu n«, , , Nu No N.. Nu 4/. I0<. nv. ■, nu, . . at. ,, Fltlfiloicrpl bo>lilin)( ArllriM IWial liy llM Ship. U>U4illy ii'Mi* llvilli, wnUr, fiii'liCuuking' gruli'i auj mi'ilicinaii W nlvr »nil riu'l t • ■ (Vuter aiiil Twl • . . I'aiitil Ctifll iif I'MMiga Willi l*ru^ laluitt. 5/. 13i. Iu6/. I Or. 4/. til 3/. Nartr roiinil in pro«ia!uii 4/. I (If. N«v«r fuuiiil ill iiruviaiun it. il. »/. 4/, to 4/. lOi. wllhuiilmsi il. Lililiuif Uaual tab!* anppliea ■ Every r*<|iii>it* . . Water, fuel, and proviaioni Namv na for c^iitain . . Watvr, riii'l) and pruviaiuna Caplain'a faru. . . • Ohio 10/. 5/. lu 71. CI. V. to 4/. Nu N Nu Nu N Nut Without boililiiig . III'. IHI. IIU. Uaiially nuna > • , , Ui'rtli.wali'r.rurl.coii'iiiiK- i;rali', ami mnllciuca. 01. lo tl. 41. lu 61. Never TuuikI in pruvi.iuii 4/. I(l<, Never fuiinil in pii/vitiiin &/. it. eliding Hilling ^diliii); L'kual table auppliva , . Kvery requialte • . • Pruviaiuna and liquiila . Sjmu aa lur niaater • ' Fuel, water, and ahip'a pro- viaiuua. Shtp'a alluwanca . • • I'ruvikiuua, aiiirila, and ale Ctbin farci . • ■ • Qiieber. Sliip'a I roviaiona . • • 61. II. tJ a/. j/."ii>». Same aa to Nu lie. Nu lie. 3/. Nu N. 3/. Kamo hi. UuU);lily, williuiit bed- dinu. lie. III*. Filled Filled aa to giK'lH'C. Fuel ami wnler only, when pe(i|)li' li 111 ilteii' uwii pruviaimii. Ship'aalorek auil proviaiuna Qiiebic. Fuel and wiiter • • . 5/. lo DA (>!., rare'y taken. il. il. Never fuund in ptuviaiuii Ditlu Ditio When not computed by tlie I'a>aengcr>' Act, the fulluwiiig ratca ate c)iur|,i'd fur rhililien. Ixindon . . . F.xcrpt when very young, half price. Liverpool • , • Dilto. Leilh . . . • .\lway« computed by the Act. Dubhu''' ' '. ijChildrenufallagea charged one half. lli-lfaat . . . Alwaj.i L'lmpuled by the Act. Londonderry . . To New L'runawick, belweeu wvcn and fuiirlecn, 23i. tid. ; li'luevn seven and one, Ml.; under one year, uo chiirge made. Sligo . . . > j Limerick . . . [Alwayi computed by the Act. Cork .... J fUni rr S^... ..,1.1,« .- -V- ..> ^ ^^V',-. %/««, •';'»».-■- ■"^^^r-'-,---'^'^-^--*;- i ■iwi4i;V'ii|-*Vi*iw.'.i.%-»»*''*''' ."'** " ■■* The follo' iind frc Treatis 3 .•a o o ^^,g^ Li^i BRITI&H NORTH AMKRICA. No. 5. 9 The following is n Table of Distances from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Quebec, and from the latter City to Fori Erie, Western (Upper) Canada, taken from n Treatise* on Canadian Agriculture, by Mr. W. Evans, of Montreal. ^^^ '"^'" ■■^^ ^^~ ""■"■ 41 ■* 'r-. ■ \ ,; •1 . I ■l*^^ ^ "'.';■ ; ; ,. . • ; , :^- 1 ' i 1 ''* .- i ■■'■' , < , ' ■ • 1 1 J*i CO I-H ■' - •' i.ff i s 'k: '■i t '•' . i o to 04 ■■. " - ■■{ »■ i "! * 1 '1 ; 1 . CO .,.( • 1' 1 1 Z r^ eo (» ■* Tf o .' ' 1 1 o IM eo ^ o ■ ■ ' ^'' 3- ' - I t ^ a J 1 s «? 00 s 00 • , , • V : 'i ' , •«5 CO o r^ t s o • o J5 TJ" CO !» FH :-"Ji''i., ■s i 00 ^ 00 •o O ^'J t ■ ■ .^ r— 4 •^ 1 ■«r (M 00 (N o> CO to 2 i CO ^ r» o> o I-H eo ■• . , - ■_ ,■ :§! 1 (M CO -* o rr ^H 00 00 1" W 00 o "M 'I' t>. l-s. 00 o ' '\j I g r3 1 ^H I-H ^ ^ ^H 04 n -s r-t '"' 1— 1 I-H . o> o fM Tf l^ 00 o> o ■'\i i' /:- -^t ■ f, . ' 1 ^^ •^ f— * C-l •fS , • o >o CO CO -r 00 o CO eo -r CO '■;,!> It • >..''■' - 1 ea ■-H .— t IM (M . 05 .rs §5 t>. eo !>. -rf -*H ^ (» n 1 ft4 I-H (O !M t>. -1" t^ CJ> I.H 5! iO to t>« Ph I-H » o> >o ■'I' o IM ce ■^ o ■ir ^^ 00 §8 Tf ^ C-l n 35 O s> t>. 00 O (M -r t^ »» o « »»^ 1-^ (M 5^1 (M CO CO CO eo CO CO 1" i 3 'ja • i c* o> tm^ ts. (0 tl TI" s to o I-H OI O f-H ■■H CI (M M CO eo n CO ■cl< ■* ■* ' § 1 Cl ^ 1— 1 CO m 00 ■* to O 00 •* 00 >n £ »fS »>. a> p^ •ft n e> eo o t^ t>. eo A g ^ o "* (M 'I' t^ CO o T « »n .n «ft- o |^^ m ,^ ^3 o 00 •* to o 00 ■* $ .ft 04 Ol 00 ■^ o> t« a> ^ ^ Tl' o to 00 m I-H to t-. 00 a> I.H r-^ Ol eo CO rr ■fl" • «o O •n «» >« .ft »u o >o o. 04 s mm ?s o> 00 -r to © 00 ■^ 00 tn 04 04 00 Oi M CO to p'm t^ « 00 tn tsl 00 o « «9 CO (» 00 •-4 r-l . CO 00 iO t^ 00 «o CO ►^ 00 t^ fr>» 00 30 o> © 1-^ 1-^ o I-H I-H -H f-H 000 acres; that the amount surveyed is 1,326,343 acres ;§ and that the quantity available for settlement may be estimated at 3,754,000 acres. The area of land in Nova Scotia may be estimated at 8,000,000 of acres ; of which about 5,750,000 acres have been granted, and of the remaining 2,225,000 not more than about 280,000 are sup- posed to be fit for cultivation. || The area of New Brunswick is about 16J^ ,000,000 of acres.^ 13,817,573 remain ungranted.** About 1 1,000,000 are supposed to be fit for cultivation. The area of Prince Edward's Island contains about 1,360,000 acres of land,f f of which, however, only 6,000 acres now remain at the disposal of the Crown. J| The area of Newfoundland has been estimated at about 23,000,000 of acres, §§ of which nearly 23,000 acres have been appropriated; but there exists no official return of the surveyed and accessible land which still remains at the disposal of the Crown. |||| * App. B to Lord Darliam^a Report, p. 4. t Ibid. p. 4. X Evans'sTreatise, and Montgomery Martin. \ This quantity does not include the land returned to the Commissioners of Crown lands for sale, and which may not have been disposed of. II App. B. Lord Durham*! Report, p. 12. f Ibid. p. 13. ** Blue Book for 1841. f f MontKomerv Martin, vol. iii., p. 423. '" Blue Book for 1841. Mont({omery Martin. Blue Book for 1840. lilt I 1 1 >l II I II IIW^^P mmm ^i^«*t*y*.**«.f^,':/'**r3 :i l\ i\ -3 J ,. _. f -i ^ a V 1 1 i 1 eoooooe o •« o oeo ec4 o o o o eo 00(00 o ooo •9iOTr'<9e4Trt^o>^oooon'^oi o innco ciO O O O O e O IM.ot>>e9>03oi>>o i>> 00 O !» O •i ^ ©4 04 "^ « 04 ift 34 00 O M .— Tf 00 O «« O « t^ t4o e « o o o o "< >n b« t« o ic '^ o oo •004-^ "s 5 W — 3323 o 000 ■E -^040 CO o eo^3 04O o 00 o o o o * •;'9'e404^e<5w^'ifto©©©o«» us © ©eo <4i © © © © O O O 04 ^ © to TT Ut 04 9 in 04 an C4 I &§ £ s< a • S.J.... * s M • • • • 4) S k a^ 5 S3* g px 2 • o^S^":-** S" I ? s.*-l e s £.-5 J i s * M*>* a ««-^ I c II •^"•"•wKmimmmmfm n ' , , •»' iiV-k'^' ■ '■-■'.'!^ a ... ?,l ?■ 6 • r i-^ifi ^ M, ;^ ji'jh'- S..": jfVJVrtJttt/v^A.' ^ ''*7'*V*V»"^ *-!#' •<.-4*^r ,".•*•'■«*•-■ \i*' w af*'* ^ *-j' ■• Table of Rates of Wages paid in eflander-men Trade or Calling. Eastern (Lowkr) Canada. Average Waget per diem.* Without Board and Lodging. f jiread and Biscuit Bakers . butchers Ullrickmakera ilricUayers purriert < iarpentera and Joiners, wabinetmakers .... loopera iarters looks (women) .... ombmakers *airywomen ressmakers and Milliners . arm Labourers .... ardeners irooms ...... illwrights illers lacksmitha linteit ; asterers I umbers and Glasiers . . ' oarry-men •pemakera .oemakers wyeis ipwrighta and Boatbuilders inemasons . . pmakers 'kters and Shinglers : apherds .... nners «. d. 4 per month, 4/. 5 7 6 6 7 5 3 2 No employment 1 6 1 3 3 3 7 6 5 6 6 7 3 5 Average Wagei per Annum. With Board and Lodging. «. d. . * By the month ,3/ 3 6 4 5 6 4 2 U 1 inKa8tem(Low ^0 10 9 2 2 2 6 5 4 5 5 6 3 4 With Board and Lodging. Without Board and I • • • • • • • • • • • 19 10 2i.3d.io2i.Sd. iM.4d.tolM.lOd. • • 2*0 1 6 20 27 10 38. 7d. 2m. 8d. 21 .12«. 2 6 1 9 16 40 10 4t. 6 X •*;' • ■.' ' a <:'■ 'ft .\., %i ; '» c 'J i • .f t.l '"'l A/- *: s> y; ■J 5> vii ! ;; f »«M.-»iat-^ TB - W.-><«&..-B./.: '-'^ -n. rjjiUi ^^ Tablk of tbe RiTAiL Prick of ProvisionB and Clothing in each of the under- mentioned Colonies. Eaitern Western Prince Edward's 1 Artielei. (L« wer) (Upper) New Bruntwiok. IsUnd. 1 Cnnniln. OnniidR. Phovisions. Sterling. «. d. Stprllng. t. d. Sterling. «. d. Sterling. 1 «. d, 1 Salt beef, per lb 3* 34 4i H Fresh ditto, , , 3 4 3 3 Mutton, , , . 4 4 4| 3| Lamb, , , 5 4 5 , 4 Veal, ,, . 4 5 3 3 Fresh Purk, , , 5 4 5 n Salt ditto, ,, H 4 5X Fowls, per pair . Bacon, per lb. 2 2 1 6 1 9{ i 1 6 4} 7 5 Salt butter, , , 7 7i m 8 Fresh ditto, , , . , 10 7 11 9 Fresh milk, per quart , .1 3 3 4 Cheese, per lb. . . 6 5 7 7 Egg"> per dot. . 8 U 9 91 6 Potatoes, per bushel , 1 1 1 9i 9 Bread, best wheatep, per 4 lb. loaf 9 6 2|perlb. 2 per lb. Secouds, , , 7 • • 2{ r .. H >) Beat wheat flour, per bar.( 196 lbs.) 28 20 36 1; ,. Seconds, , , 25 15 31 6 !■ >> Oatmeal, per cwt 12 6 18 9 18 1.. * * > Barley meal , , .... 12 6 ■ • None. -0 1 Coals, per chaldron . . 25 ■ • 36 24 Candles, per lb 9 f 9 10^ 10 Fire-wood, per 'cord' of 1 28 cub. ft 15 :i 3 13 6 8 Common soap, per lb. . . . 4 5 5^ 4 Tea, , , ... 2 6 3 9 3 7 3 Coffee, green, , , ... 1 10 1(4 1 Rice, ,, . . . 3 5 3 4 Sugar, brown, , , ... 5 6 54 4 Ditto, white, , , ... 8 9 8 7 Salt, per bushel . . 3 12 6 1 4 1 6 Pepper, per lb. . . . Salt fish (the cheapest kinds) per' cwt 9 1 10^ 1 5 3 4 • • 11 3 iier quin. *lper lb. 3 each Cud. Fresh ditto (ditto), per lb. . . Beer, per (gallon . . . . 1 6 1 1 94 1 Porter, per buttle . . . . 1 1 6 1 4 per gall. 1 OpergaU. Clotuinq. Men's stout shoes, per pair . 10 10 9 9 Women's ditto, , , . . 8 7 6 6 9 6 Snow over-shoes, , , . . 12 f 6 3 13 i 9 6 Men's shirts, cotton . . . . 3 (391 5 0/ 3 2 2 9 Men's smockfrocks . , 4 6 Not used. 4 Flannel, per yard . 2 6 • • i ^* 1 8 Cloth for coats, , , 7 6 10 9 10 Cotton for gowns 9 • • 9 10 Fustian, per yard 2 .. 1 4 2 Velveteen, ,, ... 2 6 3 2 8 3 The above-mentioned articles of clothing are supposed to be of the average quality generally used by persons of the labouring classes. a •^')<«>ii!( ' ;!t J , 1 ■1.MI ,»a^ ,^ |. :-.r- i : i2 a •i^', fi i >j.t>^ ; 1. fill.. .(.(J ;l -'Jl I 'JCjitfi. .. J.v^u ,ii-Vlt^f J i; •• •if'iii t I'rf /r-r...'/ ,8 ?."•!;)• T'-'W T-i » '• 1-1 <•■ IJI ■>ii estimated in 1839 at about 700,000 : vi t^ o - ber trea "t s ;i?;K^ s _r fl . CI •« ?< O -^ VO 5> <>. CI ■M CI - CI r- -M -. 71 — — — CI M ^. •.Mniis h« tx i> 10 J • • J • -" .o r^ ? •iip'H CI ©» »l 00 ff» T O 'f* -• «»? O CI S! •i.iitnii| cooooow — — avcioo ffl ift is CC io CI S» CI 1^ — — • CI •J!"i ■O CI (J> in -• CO t»J CI m O P? '-M CI W « 51 iM -^ C-l CI — ?! le -^ 'O tc CI • >0 » to « CI VO CO t- Ol CI • l-H.«OW-^'-'-»CI 9i CO 1— < •■>!".•! 0)ao---roaoi-»an©e)ci(M -H ^ CI -r CI — — -^ ©1 -^ CI t CI _^^ •MOUR ee»« -"fio MI|IIII CI • M to •-< CI ■^ M O CI -1" • • pm ^^ ^^ r^ w^ fm • 00 © CI • CO •Id •foqanj ^■5 •JIBJ 00'OCIC>l^'^O>>rff5-H|>.CCl ^ ^ ei ci -< "er — < CI « CI -^ CI © CI 'Mnng O'^t^'<4'«>*«>« .-Trococoi'-roocico • * ' r^ 4r -^ M '^ 1^ CI CI CI © • i •••!"J coar3ciO'ai^©.r)-r'Oaoi>.i>. (jlrt_^^(j)^CIf-i-^.-<-^ •Avong o « vs CO C'l • • • • • >o -r • • • • • r^ •IIMI)! M-,^CI©M»^Or«flO • f-H ^^ i-H rl r- * f— i • © O 00 • CI •Id 'sai(oui CO 'o o -f o M 00 . 00 1— 1 CI o> CO 00 e>j • ■ M M ^; -i" -t CI ci -i — ' t ■S 1 January February . March . . April . May • . June . July . August September October November December , 3 ?. s, v.a so 13 iS "^ «: u '7 • < . i IIRITinil NOIITH AMKHICA. No. 7 — continiH'd. 18 NOVA SCOTIA. The cliinntti of Nova Scotiu is much milder in winter than in pithor of the divisions of Canada; and in summer the heat is not ho fl^reat; but the weather is naid to bo more changeable, and more inclined to fog than in Canada. The following Mateorological Table is for the town of Halifax : — Tliermomotor. Month*. Mm. Mod. Mill. • Juiniary t . 42 O 20 2 Some clear (layu. — Some rain and snow. February 40 IS 10 Ditto. Some rain ; cloudy. March 52 25 6 Ditto. ('loudy ; rain. April . May . 64 30 8 Ditto. Rain j cloudy. 60 40 20 Ditto. Little rain. June . < 68 50 30 Ditto. July . . 80 63 40 Ditto. Little rain and fog. Auguiit UO 70 S.'i Ditto. Ditto and haiy. Septeriiber 79 51 48 Clear. October . 68 ffl 30 Ditto. November , 59 38 18 Ditto. Rain and fog. December 46 25 7 Ditto. And mow. NEW BRUNSWICK. The climate of New Brunswick ia not very different from that of Nova Scotia. The following table, for one year, may give a fair view of the average of seasons : — THERMOMETER. DAYS OF WEATHER. Mootlii. Hlghoit. Lowott, lAvernge Orontest VarintioiM. Fuir. Ruin. Fog. Snow. January February March , April . May . June . July . August Septembei October Novembei December o 22 19 36 44 50 .'51 73 75 67 53 34 16 o -21 -19 20 34 44 46 58 65 57 42 28 -11 o 17 24 33 40 37 49 66 70 62 48 31 14 o 34 44 16 8 6 6 15 10 10 11 fi 27 24 23 22 22 18 ?<) 18 23 17 22 15 26 2 1 2 7 8 6 8 3 5 7 8 1 • • 2 • • 5 9 10 5 8 2 ."l 2 4 4 5 1 '•4 3 Mean and Total . . 46 38 42 22 245 52 47 _^21 ;s9 m- IMORMATION FOft EMIGRANTS TO It ■ m No. 8. Tablk showing the Coins chiefly in use in the Bnush North American Colonies, "with their values in ii.e respective Colonies, in Halifax Cur- rency, compiled from the Official Returns called the " Blue Books " of the several Colonies, and from a Table in a Pamphlet on Colonial Banking, Exchanges, and Currency, published in London in 1836, by G. K. Young, Esq. Fractions have been omitted. Prince Kdward't COIN.S. F.aitrm (Lower) Western (Upper) Nova New Bruns- New- foundlaml Island. Canada. Cdnada, wick. Iilanil Halifax Currency Currency. GOT.D. £. 1. d. £. f. d £ t. d. £. *. d. £. a. d. £. 1. d. £. 1. d. niitisli Sovereigo. . . . *1 2 9 1 4 4 1 5 tl 3 3 .. I 10 1 9 9 llrili^h (juineK .... 1 3 4 1 5 6 • « 1 3 4 • . J ^ ^ ^ AmeiicRn Eagie, coined be- 3 15 3 13 4 ■ • • • , , • • fore July 1, J834. Ditto, coined sino; . . . 3 10 2 10 9 10 2 10 . . 3 9 6 9 10 Spanisli Milled Uoubloon . 3 14 6 3 14 6 4 3 15 6 3 16 6 • • • • Silver. Ifritisli Crown, (Half-crown 5 6 6 6 3 5 6 5 5 7 6 5 6 in proportion). Shilling, (Sixpence in pro- 1 1 I 3 1 3 1 I 12 1 6 1 1 portion). French Crown .... 5 6 5 6 • • 5 6 , , • a French Hnlf-crown . . . 3 9 • ■ • ■ • • , . Anieriritb Dollar .... 5 5 5 5 5 6 3 ■* 8puiiisli Milled Dollar . . 5 5 5 5 5 6 3 5V South American Dollar . . 5 »• 5 5 , , 6 3 5 Mexican Dollar, (coined in 5 • • ., • • ,, 1831,183:2, or 1833.) Pistaruen 10 • • . . • • • • • • French Five-frane piece . 4 8 • • •• • • • b • • •• " Although this is the current value assigned to the sovereign in the " Blue Book," and by Mr. Young, it generally passes for more, tay about 24i. ; but the «ralue of all Knijlish coins fluctuates from time to time. f In New Brunswick the sovereign Ecldom passes for less than 24*., and in June, 1841, it was current at '2i)«. The rates of exchange vary in the North American Colonies from about 6 per cent, to 14 per cent, premium. This, with the difference in value between sterling money and currency, renders 100/. sterling generally equal to 120/. currency. It usually requires, therefore, that amount in currency to pay 100/. sterling in England. In Nova Scotia promissory notes of the Provincial Treasury, of the value of 1/. and of 10s. are in extensive circulation. They are not redeemable in specie, but are received in payment of provincial duties, &c. Irredeemable Treasury notes are also current in Prince Edward's Island, and pass at the rate of 30,y. for 20*. sterling. Tlie currency of Newfoundland consists almost entirely of British money, and Spanish dollars passing current at 5s. The real value of the Spanish dollar in p*'^rling money is about 45. 2d. }ii commissariat transactions 4s. 4d. is the value ae^igned to it. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 15 American fax Cur- Books" Colonial 1836, by e Kilward'i I slant). By Halifax Currency. 1 9 S 3 10 • • 5 6 1 1 i* 5 U 5 Blue Book," value of all md in June, rom about ce in value rally equal n currencj f the value eemable in d's Island, ish money, >out 45. 2d. No. 9. Return of Per»ons who have Emigrated from the United Kingdom to the British Colonies in North America from 1825 to 1841, both inclusive. Year. Brilith Coloniet in North America. Year. Britith ColoQici in North America. Year. Brilith Coluiucs in North America. 1825 1826 1827 1828 •1829 1830 8,741 12,813 12,648 12,084 13,307* 30,574 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 68,067 66,339 28,808 40,060 16,573 34,226 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 29,884 4,577 12,668 32,293 38,164 Total Emigration of the 17 years . . 450,821. 1 Return of the number of Emigrants arrived at Quebec since the year 1829, inclusive, taken from the Annual Report, dated 31st December, 1841, of the Emigrtion Agent for Eastern (Lower) Canada. Plaeei of Departure. 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 England and Wales . Ireland Scotland . '. . . Hamburgh and Gibraltar Nova Scotia . . .1 Newfoundland • . . ? West Indies, &c. &c. .j Havre de Grace . . Total . . . 3,56 > 9,614 2,643 • • 123 • • 6,799 18,300 2,450 • • 451 • • 10,343 34,133 5,354 • • 424 ♦ . 17,481 28,204 5,500 15 546 • • 5,198 12,013 4,196 « • 345 • • 6,799 19,206 4,591 • • 339 • • *15,945 23,000 50,254 51,746 21,752 .30,93,') Places of Departure. 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 England and Wales . Ireland Scotland . • . . Hamburgh and Gibraltar Nova Scotia . . .1 Newfoundland . • •} West Indies, &c. &c. .j Havre do Graco • . 3,067 7,108 2,127 • • 225 •• 12,188 I?, 590 2,224 • • 235 48.'> 5,580 14,538 1,609 .. 274 . • 990 1,456 547 • • 273 • • 1,586 5,113 485 ff • 255 « • 4,5C7 16,291 1,144 • • 232 5,970 18,317 3,559 t • 240 • • Total . . . 12,627 27,722 21,901 3,'i6G 7,439 22,234 28,086 Grand Total for the 13 years ... 321,807 1 It appears, from the above stutement, that of the 321,807 emigrants who Etnded at Quebec during the period it embraces, England and Wales fur- jished 84,133; Ireland 10^,883 ; Scotland 36,329; and all other countries, 1,462. * The Commissioners have no means of explaining the mistake by which the kimbers reported to have lauded at Quebec from the United Kingdom in the year 1829 ppear to exceed by 2,638 the numbers who are reported to have emigrated in the same par from the United Kingdom to all the i-Ccitu Asisricau Colonies. 16 INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO hi IM. h 11? 10. INFORMATION AmIQIL QUESTIONS. 1. What is the smallest quantity of land which can be bought of the Govemment ill the colony Y 2. What is the upset price 1 and, if this varies, what is the average 1 3. What 18 the^ average price actually fetch .'d by ordi- nary country lands Y 4. What is the average price of land partially cleared and fenced Y 5. Is it easy, and not ex- pensive, to ascertain the vali- dity of titles to private lands 1 6. What is the cost per acre of clearing waste lands for the drag or harrow Y 7. Wlmt kind of lands cost most in clearing Y 8. Can a capitalist, on arrival, immediately see by list and charts in the office of the Crown Land Com- missioner, or the Surveyor- general, what lands already surveyed are open for saleY 9. If thb lands applied for be not surveyed, can they be occupied first and surveyed afterwards Y ANSWERS. New Brunswick. 1. 50 acres. Smaller tracts may be purchased, but the cost for such would be the same as for 50 acres, the expense of the grants to OoT>>mment being alike in both cases. 2. Generally 3«. currency (2(. SJ, stalling) per acre, but varies according to situation, &c. 3. From 5«. to 10», 'currency, (it.Qd. to 9*. sterling) for un- cleared lands near settlements, according to situation and value, &c. ' 4. This also depends upon situation and quality, varying from 10*. to 10/. currency (9j. to 9/. sterling) per acre. 5. Very easy, and not ex- pensive, as there are registry offices in every county. 6. Averat^e 3/. to 4/. currency (2/. 14«. to 3/. 12*. sterling) for cutting and clearing o£r the trees, leaving the stumps standing. 7. Swampy land. 8. Yes, on application at the Crown Laud Office in_Frederic- ton. 9. No, but reserved lands will be prepared for emigrants. Prince Edward's Islai 1. Town lots in George tJ and Prince Town, quarter oil acre each ; pasture lou of d acres each ; and township iJ in lots of 100 acres each. 2. Town lots average 5/., J turA lots 8/., and township J \i$. per acre^ 3. From lOi. to 14*. pen 4. A farm of 100 acres one-fourth part cleared fenced, will fetch fVom M 200/. 6. There is a registry in which titles to lands an corded, and these recordJ open to the inspection ol public npon the payment ol 6. The cost of clearing' depends upon the growth wood upon it, and varies f to 4/. per acre. 7. Lands producing birch and maple-wood arel expensive to clear but th reckoned the best descripd lands. L 8. Plans of all lands M^' 'i'es. are in the Crown are kept J office of the Surveyor-^ where the public have acJ them, and can see what! are for sale, and these lanl generally surveyed before L^ 9. No. ■»• No. a- J T'''» ordinl |tne9thon .''SiocethesJ Ition the wJ pe from timJ N.B.— In these Answers, when money is not stated efl sterling, i BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 17 10. RMATION ftMIQRANTS WITH CAPITAL. ANSWERS. ta in George tJ o\m, quarter oil sture lou of J tiL township la acres each. )t8 average 5/., and towushlp 1 0». to 14». pen Eastern (Lower) Canada. 1. Fifty acres. 2. it. 9d. sterling, or 6«. currency, per acre I for lands in the country of Ottawa and on the I south bank of the St. Lawrence to the west of [the Kennebec road, and 3s. \d. ste.ling, or 4*. ■ currency, per acre for all other lands, f N.B. These are _■'' d prices, the land not [being sold by miction. 3. From 4f. 2d, sterling to 6s. 6d. ; but this |dej;:ends of course very much upon situation. 1 of 100 acres part cleared I fetch firom 15 I is a registry ties to lands art il these records le inspection oj 1 the payment ol ost of clearing I on the growth ff it, and varies i ere. producing naple-wood are! to clear but th ;he best descripl^ of all lands Drown are kept j the Surveyor-i public have aca can see what| _, and these Ian lurveyed before i 4. About 20«. per acre. 5. Heretofore there has been considerable IfBculty, but this will be to a great extent lemoved by the late Registry Ordiuance.|| 6. About 21, sterling, but varies 'with the iiture of the soil and the quality of the wood. 7. Swampy land, growing soft timber, such > pine, hemlock, &c. 8. Yes. .^1 |9. No. J This ordinance was ptissed by the Speuial Council [the 9th of February, 1811. Western ( Upper) Canada. 1 . The smallest quantity of farm land usually sold is 50 acres, but town or building lots are sold in smaller portions, as well as park lots in the neighbourhood of towns.** 2. The upset price of Government lands is generally 8». currency per acre ; clergy reserves are higher, averaging 12# 6■..-. w ''■.■''.-.. ■ .*■'-■ •■-?!>■ Iv'i, ■.■■ ■.,!■» ;,.' i ' 18. By lease for short terms, from three to five years, some- times for money rent, but gene- rally upon shares of half the pro- duce. ■!-«i,. -. 19. No settled rate of profit. Farmers who perform the laboxir by their own families obtain a liberal profit ; but if they have to hire labour, the profit ie small. ,' ;. *^Y'«fc.^fj*.i Prince Edward'* hland. 15. Vei. 16. The properties of the soil] are better calculated for tillage I than for grazing. 17. Grazing is but little at- tended to, for the reason givciil above. 18. The usual mode of lettingl is by lease for from 40 to 99!)| years ; the latter is most com- mon, at an annual rent of froinl 1». to 2». per acre, with the op- tion of purchasing the freehold I at 20 years' purchase. ThescI terms apply to lands let in theirl wilderness late only, the tenanll or settler being at the cost of| clenring them. 19. The colony is not suffi-l ciently advanced in improvemenll to admit of a correct calculation J but, upon the limited scale off capital employed, the profit majl be rated at from 20/. to 2^/. per| cent. rrf'» Island. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. ^ntintied. tlOBANTS WitH CAPITAL. *il ANSWERS. UWiMIHUtti Eastern (Lower) Canada. 13. In the fleigniories the greatest t>ropor- Ition is under tillage ; in the townships, in Ipnstnre. IG. Grazing is very general throughout tlie eastern to^vnships, ns affording the easiest me- thod of sending produce to market under the Lesent means of communication, and as avoid- liig tlie heavy expanse of labour. 17. Tillage when in the neighbourhood of market ; grazing when distant. 18. Lanr8e8 for 25/. Eastern (Lower) Canada. 20. The wheat crop has failed of late years from the fly. 21. Six per cent. 22. House about 20/. sterling} barn 20/.; ami stable 10/. 23. From 2s. to 2». Gd. sterling per day, or 2/. to 21. 10». sterling per month, with board and lodging ; without them about if. sterling. 21. The relations of master and servant are regulated by Provincial Act, (6 Will. I V. c. 27, rendered permanent by Ordinance 3 Yic. cap. 0.) 23. See Table, Appendix B, page 44. 20. Tn the towns and townships some means exi8t, but in the seigniories they are very de- ficient. U'^estern (Upper) Canada. 20. No. Partial failures of wheat crops from smut, i&c, sometimes occur ; but the harvest, even in the most unfavourable seasons, has always been more than sufficient to supply the consumption of the province. Last year in some of the remote settlements, although the quantity of wheat produced in the country was much below average, half the crops remained on the ground from the great expense of trans- port, owing to the badness of the roads ; and wheat was supplied at Kingston and Toronto much cheaper from the state of Ohio than it could be brought a distance of 40 miles through the province. Potatoes, peas, Indian corn, &c., arc always a sure crop in Upper Canada. 21. Six per cent, is the legal interest of the country ; and the b#st security can always be obtained almost fur any amount at this rate ; but few lenders content themselves with 6 per cent., — 10 to 12 per cent, is usually obtained for raoupy lent on mortgage by payment of a bonus or other well-known means. 22. A good log-house from 35/. to 60/. ; barn and stables for about 35/. to 40/. Many houses, however, occupied by the farmers of the country, cost much less. 23. By the year 25/. to 30/. ; by the month 2/. to 21. 10«. ; by the day 2a. to 3«. During harvest 4s. 6d, to 5«., with board and lodging. ■•■■» ■ 24. No. The English laws are in force. 25. See Table, Appendix B, page 44. 26. Yes, in the towns. In the country the means of education are at present very indif- ferent ; but instruction in the elementary parts of education is afforded throughout the country by means of the district and common schools. Every district is required by law to erect a school-house, and a salary of 100/. per annum is provided from the funds of the province to the master of such school. H INFORMATION rOH BMIORANTS TO No. 1( INFORMATION F0| QUESTIONS. ANSWERS. 1 New Brunswick. Prince Edrjards Inland.] 27. Ii it cheaper for pcr- •0111 paying their own pas- •age to go to Upper Caiiudu by New Yorli than by Que- bec 1 ^ 'V. " ' > .■■- ' ! •21. St. John'ii (New Uruui- nick)i Miromicbi, and St. An- diew'ii are porta to wlilch con- «iderabl« numbora of emigranta annually reaort, there being great facilitleafrom the number ofvea- sels returning to the province, whicli are employed in t'le cx> port of timber to Europe. Aver- age coat of the passage 3/. to 6/. currency, (21. 14«. to fi/, ster- ling,)— eee Tabic, pogc7.* '• *' f t . ' ,■'. . • : ••#■"■* . ' ■ ■ l\J' ■ . . t< ■ ^' ' * , ■' !•„ > ■ .' _ ■' ' '\ -1,.':' . . -V, ■. s • ■ ' ■ "^ . >■ ■ ."■-=-'.■..■ ' ',- ■ ■■■■ ■ . T ■ ' ■ ■' ,- ■ ■•■^■■■' ■ ..i ■.,-'-^ . ' V . . . . • * ItUrl|{l>t to mention that lecent (leipatclie* from the I.ieut.-UoToruor ofNrw BruDkwick atate tlmt, Incon- sequence or th« clirck which hiis U- en ■nttained in the timber tnide, ami uf the occurrence of two destructive fires at St. John's, commerciul distress wns prevsilinK, and a larte number at me- chanics and labourers had been thrown out of employment. Under those eir- cumstiiuces the arrivat. at this season, of B number of Indigent emigrants is regarded with great appreliension in tlie province, as calculated to aggravate ilitt public distress so generally pre- vailing. ■■5 '•«.''■ "■'■ , ,<> r BRITISH NORTH AMEHIOA. antinued. tkfiaRANTB WITH CAPITAL. 23 ANSWERS. Eastern {Lower) Canada, 37. Much choapor bjr Uuubuc. ',M IVextfirn ( Upper) ( 'anada. 37. Quebec is the vheniiest route. Muny veHHeU bouikd to that port, only coming out iu bnllait, will charge pait*eiigcrii much leu ; be> ■iilei the immigrant, during hi* Journey fVom thence to Upper Canada, will aee more of the country, and liavo many ojiportunitiei of maklug himaelf actiuaintod with partioulara reipeotin}( it. He will pais through the eastern parta of tlio provluce, which are generally lost sight of altogether by pertuus arriving nt Toronto from New York. New York it a more expensire route, and a stranger is liable to have many impositloui practt!)t'd ujion hiui. N.B. The Canada Company iu roply to this question (No. 27) state, timt " The route from New York is cheaper and more expeditious than from Quebec. The following is a note of the expenses from New York to Toronto, fur a gentleman : — Dl.ta„c.. Time. ,<;o.|.f Milvii. tluiiti. £, I, d. From New York to Albany : — (in Summer I „ ,« „ generally. / " '" " Autumn 15 One meal • f« •. t. «• i2 Q Albany to Schenectady per railway :— ' Railway 16 .. 2 .. .1 9 Si'hcncctady to Utica 78 .. 5 .. U Utica to Syracuse 53 .. 3 f^of^Syl"} » »« » Syracuse to Oswego per canal packut-bont, towed by liorscB 33 .. 12 . 7 6 One meal in the boat . . . . . . . . 2 (i Oswego to Toronto by steamer .... 160 . . 20 { '"jj"f,s!* } 1 »« •> Total 495 52 4 16 3 " The whole journey from Now York to Toronto, including stoppagcx, is performed in three days. One cwt. of luggage is allowed free ; above tiiis quantity is cliarged freight 5*. per cwt. of 112 lbs." 26 INrORMATION FOR EMIORANTI TO No. INFORMATION FoJ i' QUESTIONS. 1 . Ii It deoii-able for agri- cultural Uboureri to tnkc with them any iiiiplemeiitft cither for their ordinary oc- cupation or for clearing land t and if 10 what are they t 2. li it deiiruhlc for artisans to take with them the tools of their trade 1 3. Should bedding be taken out from England, csduilvc of what it necessary for the voyage 1 4. Should rooking utensils and crockery be taktu outi S. Should warm clothing be provided, or could it be procured more cheaply in the colouy t ft. Is there any kind of con nlitution to wliich the climate may be considered peculiarly hurtful or unsuitable t ANSWERS. New Briinauick. 1. Not desirable, os the neces- sary implements can be readily procured in the colony. 'i. Desirable, but not absolutely necessary. 3. A moderate quantity, espe- cially should the emigrants leave homo late in the season. Prince Edwards Island, 4. Not unless required for the voyage. S. It had better be provided, as it cannot be procured so cheaply in the province. C, None, excepting to persons who have a tendency to pulmo- nary consumption. 7. What class of country labourers is most in demand 1 7. Agricultural labourers.* • See nute at page S4. 1. Spades, shovels, West Indik hoes, and scythes will be found useful for the labourer to take out with him. 2. Yes. 3. Yei,agood supply of b1anki>l> is desirable for tnc labourer tu take with him. 4. These are to be obtained upon easy terms in the colony. 5. Warm clothing is indis- pensable, but it can be procured of the material manufactured in the colouy at low pricei. 6. The rlimate is considered to be prejumitr\ nature. 7. Agricultural labourers of all descriptions are in great demand BRITISH NORTH AMEIUCA. 27 1. Imigrants of thr labouring class. ANSWKRS. Eastern ( flower) Canada, L No. .' 3. Ym.* 3. BUnkoti and nnjr light articlei of bed- ding. Tiio emif^rant may tako out with him a lupply of article! of clothing and bedding, because theie things can be got cheaper and better in England, but it is by no means necessary to do so, as the province is generally very well supplied by the merchants, with British goods of nil kinds. 4. Not beyond what may bo required for the voyage. a. Warm clothing can be procured cheaper and better in England. , 6. No. 7. Agricultural labourers. * So few cariwnters bring their tooli witli tliem, that they are often disappoiiitrd in K^^Hing employment. (From a Return furniihed by tlie immiijratlou agent at Quebec, dated 3Ut July, l!)41.j Wettern (Upper) Canada. 1. No, The labourer when he arrives and knows exiictly thu implements he will require, can easily purchase them here, and belter adapted tu the country. 2. Ttipy may bring such as they already have in llii'ir possession if not very bulky, but all artirh'ti of the kind can be obtained in the country. 'A. It is not absolutely necessary to do so, as everything can be procured in the country, but, if convenient, enough can be brought to supply the wants of the family when they settle. An extra supply of good heavy blankets will bo of UNO for the winter.*' Uonicittir servants can bring out Hupplics of clothing with advan- tage. 4. The<)o articles can all be got in the pro- vince, as also everything that is imported from England, at an advance on the original price, of about 40 per cent, when landed at Toronto, to cover the charges of freight, &c. and the dift'erence of exchange. It is better therefore that the emigrant labourer should come an lightly ludcn as possible. 5. Clothing cannot of course be procured in Upper Canada cheaper than in England; and if the labourer can afford it, h'j may bring with him a supply, but it wouM 'u as well for him, perhaps, to purchase what lie requires in the colony. At all events he should not bring much, for it will be inconvenient to carry about with him. Some woollen stuffs are made in the country, which, though dearer ut first, are more durable. 6. None. The climate of Upper Canada is very changeable, but certainly peculiarly healthy. Out of two regiments now sta- tioned at Londor., only six men are iu hos- pital. The ague prevails in new clearings, in old settlements it is rare. Mr. Moodie, the sheriil' of the Victoria District, says he does not consider the ague a positive evil, but that, when judiciously treated, it prevents more dan- gerous diseases. 7. Agricultural labourers ; persons who have some experience, and who can mal^e them- selves useful on a farm. Young men without families would more readily find employment, as the employer generally provides board and lodging for them. Good house servants bring- ing with them satisfactory testimonials as to character will also quickly find employment. * See answer to question 14, page 19. N.B. The foUowing is an Extract of the Annual Itrport from the Chief Agent for Emigration in Cunnda, dated Quebec, 3Ut December, 1841. " 1 hnvo the Biillsfaction of «t.iliuK that tlie natural demand* of thii colony for the abiorbing of a large number of emii;raMts are in the fuUi>st operation, »s will appear from the de){rr« of enterpiixo with which both the public and private improvements o^e advuniing in every section of thi« province." 28 INFORMATION I'OR LMIORANTS TO ,. f>g:; '• } No. 11- JVORMATiON FOii QUESTIONS. ANSWERS. JVew Brunswick. 8. Do tho wives and chiU 8. They do, especially in seed drcu of agricultural labourers time and harvest, but it is not readily find oiuploymcult so munb the pructice to employ them in tipldwork as in the Mother Couut> y. 0. What kinds of mechanics and artisans are moit in re- quest 1 10. What is the best time of year for laboui fs to arrive at Quebec ?* 9. There is an ample field, end good wages for ali.iost every kind, but pe.haps, house carpen* ters, mRsons, bricklayers, black- smiths, shoemakers, and tailors are most in request; and ship- builders at the seaports."' 10. Lattc part of April and beginning of May is the best timo to arrive in this province. * It is of the |{r«at)«it importauce that the iidvuotage of atiiviDS in the Culuny at as enriy a ucriou in the season as possible should be impressed ud the labouring por- tiouc of the emigrants who come uut at >.U'ih' own expense, and also on the lundholduri who wish to !;iv« assistar^o to their poor te- nantry to emigrate, ns everything 'sjiemls on the time of tl: 'r arrival lieio. Thosu who sail aom Ihf United lungd»m in tV'i mouths ol April and May arrive iii time tn tuKe uilvuntiige of llio sprint; and simmer wor!:. They huvu then time to look ubout them, and secure a liouse fur their families against the coming of winter. On tlie other liaud. if emigrants arrive at r<. season when nearly all employ- ment ceases the winter apprxi^her liefore they can got themselves and their fumilies into the interior '>l tUu country, and they are tlirowu on the benevolence of the Colonist, or have to drag through a long and severe winter, depending on charity for support. This is equally ur> injustice on the poor emigrant, and a serious tax on the Colonist,wliich might be avoided in a great mea- sur» by leaving their homes at u proper season. By sailing at an early period in the year they run calculate on a more exiieditious voyage, which is au all-impottaul consideration. From the Annual Report of the Emigrant Agent at Qttebe(^,ia{e^ Slit December, 1841. Prince Edwards Island. d. Yes, particularly during tlie seasons uf planting, haymaking, and harvest, * gea note at page 84 , 9. Uouse-carpenters, blark- smiths, shoemakers, and tailors, I 10. The early part of May is the best time to arrive in this province. 10. Ai the navi{ SBITiSH NORTH AMERICA. 29 iontinucd- Imigrants of the labouring class. ANSWERS. Eastern (^Lower) Canada. 8. ChiUlren of 13 years old and upwards; aud women uurini; the Buninier luunths. 9 Masons, millwrights, wheelwrights, car- penters, plasterers, bricklayers, blacksniitlis, tailors, shoemakers, and good tradesmen of all kinds. ... 10. As soon as possible after the opening of the navigation, — say in May. IVesten' (Upper) Canada. 'i. Young pcrsoui over 15 years of age, and perhaps the women also, if not encumbered with cliildren ; but the wife of a labourer cnu always emplov herself usefully at home. On a farm even little children can make them- selves of use, aud learn habits of industry, ^u the winter season they can go to school. Women do not generally, in Upper Canada, work in the fields. The growth of tobacco, however, in the western district, is said to furnish employ- ment mure suitable for them. 9. Mechanics and artisans of al' liinds will readily piccure employment . It will be difficult to name any in particular, but perhaps if any distinction is to be made, bricklayers, car- penters aud joiners, cabinet-makers, coopers, millwrights, millers, blacksmiths, shoemakers, shipwrights, boatbuilders, stonemasons, tan- ners, tailors, and wheelwrights, may be said to be most requisite. 10. In the month of May for agricultural labourers, or at any time before the commence- ment of the harvest, at which period very high wages are given by farmers, the emigrants can obtain employment, and tiic emigrant agents can then easily distribute them over the country, which is a very important object. Before the month of May the roads arc very bad. If it be the intention of th( migrant to settle on land immediately on his arrival, he must come out by the first ships, so as to com- mence his farming operations in April. It is better, however, for him, before he works a farm of his own, to commence as a labourer, which will enable him to gain a knowledge of the mode of farming best adapted to the coun- try — leani to chop— and the mode of clearing lund, &c., and also enable him by his summer eornings to provide for his wants during the winter, when labour is less in demand. 30 INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO ?!1 Slf, No. W-Montinued. INFORMATION FoMmIGRANT QUESTIONS. 11, Are domestic RervnntR much W demand, and what are their wages t 12. Is there a capitation tax on emigrants, and what is the amuuut of it ! \'i. In what shape and under what circumstiinccs is relief aiibrded to emigrants out of the proceeds of this taxi 14. Has every emigrant to go to the quarantine station, whether there has been in- fectious disease on board during the passage or not? If so, how long is he detained there, and at wliose cost is he maintained 1 15. When the emigrant lands from his voyage, does the Government agent meet him and give him advice as to his fut'' I proceedings, and inform hin:» where he is likely to obtain employment 1 IC. At what places are these Government agents, and Avhat arc their names T tfy ■ ANSWERS. Netc Brvnswick. 11. Much in demand. Wages for men, 35». to 40». currency. (31*. VhI, to 40*. Gf/. sterling,) per mouth ; women, 15». to 20«. cur- rency, (13*. C«/. to 18i. sterling,) with board, Ike. 12. There is a tax upon the mastere of vessels uf 5». currency, (4s. 6(/. sterling,) for each adult ; two children under 14, three under seven, or one under 12 months, with its mother, being classed as one adult. Provincial Act, 2nd Will. IV. c. :)0. This is probably included in the pas- sage-money paid by the emi- grants. 13. It is applied by legislative grants towards relieving the de- stitute aud diseased, and assisting them to reach their places of destination. See Provincial Act, 2nd Will. IV. cap. 30. 14. The vessel, on its arrival, is detained at the station about 48 hours for inspect .on, and when no infectious disease ap- pears, is then permitted to enter and the emigrant to land. 15. He can obtain the infor- mation on application at the office of the emigrant agent, and also from the Committees of Emigrant Societies. 10. St. John's, Alexander Wcdderburn ; Frcdericton, Ed- mund Ward, assistant. Others will be appointed. Prince Edward's IslandA 1 1 . Domestic servants are much in demand; the wages of men servants are 12A to 16/. per year;' women servants 0/. to 8/. ' 12. There is no capitation tax 1 1 ou emigrants. 13. See answer to No. 12. 14. Emigrant vessels are visile by the health officer on theh' arrival, and if the emigrants be reported healthy, they are al- lowed to land forthwith, unless the vessel shall have come from an infected port. 1 5. There is no Government agent in the colony, but advice is readily afforded by the agents of the proprietors, who reside in Charlotte Town, ) the emigrants as to the best means of obtaining employment. IG. See answer to No. 1 j. m f BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. No. ll-Montinued. MATION FoMmIGRANTS OF THE LABOURING CLASS. 31 ANSWERS. 'd's Island \ rants are much wages of infcii I 16/. per year; to 8/. capitation tax to No. 12. iscis are visited I Beer on tluii! emigrants bcj tliey are al-l tlnvith, unless: ive couie fromi Government 1 1 , but advice is J the agents of "'•o reside in!, Ihe emigrants' J of obtaining' No. lu. Eastern {Lower) Canada, 11. Very much in demand in the towns. Wages for women from 12f. to 32f. a mouth ; men from 1/. to 21. per month. 12. None at present.* 13. Answered L;' pi-eccding.* 14. Vessels having 13 or more si^erage pas- sengers, or having disease on board, are re- quired to stop at the quarantine station. The detention, however, does not, on an average, exceed two days, and iiealthy emigrants are allowed to proceed immediately after the vessel has been cleared. The expense of the qua- rantine establishment is borne by the Govern- ment, and convalescents are forwarded to Que- bec free of expense. 15. Yes. Printed handbills are culated as soon as the emig^:.' t Grosse Isle,t and the emigrat . ; the vessel as soon as it arrives ' ' :. .lit i.'.ways cir- rrrive at nr boards •t 'C. '*'- 16. At Quebec, A. C. Buchanan, chief agent ; Montreal, James Allison; Bytown, George Burke ; Kingston, John Eoy ; and at Toronto, A. B. Hawke, chief agent tor Upper Canada. There are also agents for the commission of Crown lands in the different districtt, who will furnish emigrants with information of the lands for sale. f GroKK Isle it the qiiarnr St. Lawrence, about 33 miloi V •latloii, in the River , Qaebec. Western {Upper) Canada. 11. Very much, particularly good female ser- vants. Men servants get 21. 10«. and women from lo«. to 30f. per mouth, including board and lodging. 12. No.* 13. Answered'by preceding.* 14. See answer for the division of the Province. Eastern (Lower) 15. Printed notices are distributed onboard, informing them where and to whom to apply, and every information will be given at the offices of the different emigrant agents. The Canada Company has also an agent at Quebec to afford information to emigrants. 16. See answer for the Eastern (Lower) division. * Since these answers were ';i\, , an Ai t lias passed the Canadian Lof;islature relmposinj; iha tnx of 5<. cur- rency (4}. 2il. sterling) on each ai\'.\. reckonin'; every person nbuvo 14, and three children under 7> and two under 14 years of a^e, as an adult. Children under one year of age are not chargeable. The money raised by this tax in applied under the direction of tho Uuvernor in ufTirdin^* temporary mpdical Attendance and relief to diseased aud to destituie emigrants upon their arrival, and in assia'ing tlu'm to reach tho places of their deslinotiou. 39 INFORMATION FOR EUIGRANTS TO ^mi/mm No. 1 \Jmntmued. INFOnMAHON POHl QUESTIONS. 17. State the icnjtti and cost pf the journey, noting the difference for children, from the usual port of disem- barkation to ihe principal town or district to which the bulk of emigrants proceed in Canada, especially from Que- bec to Toronto. Return tlie names of the chief inter- mediate stations, the time consumed in going from one to the other, and in making the whole journey. The means of conveyance, dis- tinguishing each change from river to canal, from steam- boat to barge, or from water- crriage to cart or stage- coach, and the expense, pointing out the places in which maintenance is in- cluded in the fare or has to be paid for by the emigrant, and estimating the charges of lodging and subsistence at those places where the tra- vellers have to stop for a night, so that the sum total may exhibit the entire cost of the whole joiuney t 18, When he leaves water- carriage, as, for example, in Canada, the great line of the St. Lawronce, or the Rideau and the liakes, what means arc there for the transport of himself and his family lo the place where his labour is re- quired 1 19. Is it customary to pay money wages ? State the average wages of mechanics and labourers named in the annexed Table, Appendix D.* • Soe aUi) jinjje 61. ANSWERS. New Brunswick. Prince Edward' » Island. 17. The expense of a journey from any of the seaport towns in New Brunswick to the neigh, bouring settlement districts can- not exceed 20*. or 30». currency (18». to 27*. sterling) for one in- dividual; and eren should he go first to the seat of Govern- ment, Fredericton, to select land, and then to the situation chosen, the actup' travelling expense would not exceed fron ,'.'^51. currency, (II. 16». to 1 * sterling.) Many, howevi. immediate employment in v ■ seaport towns, and very many (some from having friends there, others in the hope of getting higher wages) go to the United States, which they can readily do at a trifling expense by water. It is to be regretted that emi- grants, on their arrival, demand the highest wages, though the generality of them are completely ignorant of the labour of the country, and are thereby often kept out of employment. This may be attributed to the indrxee- ment of high wages upon their arrival held out to them by ship- captains, &c., to get the passage- money, and by false friends in the colony, who are desirous of keeping up the rate of wages, and who, having become ac- quainted with the work required, thus maintain a monopoly. 18. New Brunswick is inter- sected by numerous rivers and rapidly-improving roads, by which the settler can with facility transport himself and family to the interior of the Province. 19. Generally speaking it is; but in some parts of the colony a proportion is paid in clothing and provisions, &c. See Table, Appendix D, page 48. 17. On the Emigrant's landing at Charlotte Town, a trifling ex- pense will take him to any part of the colony. 18. Answered in No, 17, 19. Yes. See Tabl«, Ap- pendix D, page 48. BRITISH NORTH AMKBIOA. m No. 1 iJmntinued. MAHON FORI grant's landing | n, a trifling ex- im to any part IIGRANTS OF THE LABOURING CLASS. ANSWERS. Eaatern (Lower) Canada. 17. See Appendix C. l, pngo 45, Western ( Ujij^er) Canada. 17. See Appendix C. 2, page 40. 18. Waggons can lo hired at a moderate rate— say 'is. sterling per cwt. for 50 miles. 18. Tlie emigrant agents at Bytown, King- ston, and Toronto, have hitherto liad it in their power to grant assistance to indigent emigrants to proceed to their destination— the expenses being defrayed from the Crown Revenues of the Trovince. Th. fare by the vai-ious stages, &c., is moderate. Iff Yes rSce Table. Appendix D, page 48.) 19. Yes. See Table, Appendix D, p-ge 48. 1 J. \ es. (.see i ame, ^ppcu , p » Sometimes the farmers pay part of the wages m produce. 34 INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO No. 11. INFORMATION FOd QUESTIONS. iV. i It !' 20. When public works are in progress, are the wages {fenerolly at a higher or a ower rate than those paid by farmeit t 21. If the public works are at a distance from the towns, does Government provide lodging for the labourers 1 22. What is the usual pe- riod of hiring for farm la- bourers t 23. To what extent do the wages of labourers vary in summer and in winter 1 24. What are the usual wages by week or month to farm labourers during har- vest! 2.5. State the average retail prices in summer and winter of the articles named in the annexed Table, Appendix E. 26, Does the price of pro- visons increase much in the settlements which are distant from towns 1 27. Is beer the common drink of the labourers ! and if so, can it be procured all the year, and at what price t ANSWERS. New Brunswick. 20. Generally higher, as it in. ureases the demand for labour. 21. None have been under* taken of any note in this pro- vince at any considerable dis- tance. 22. Frequently by the year, but generally by the month. 2.3. About 5«. currency (4(. Oct. sterling) per month less in winter, except in the lumbering districts. 24. 3f. currency (2«. SJ. ster- ling) per day if fed, or 4t. cur- rency (3«. Id. sterling) if not, and from 2/. ]0s. to 3/. currency (2/. 5«. to 2/. I4«. sterling) per month with board, lodging, &c. 25. See the Table, Appendix E, page 60. 26. In proportion to the dis- tance from the town and the land carriage. 27. It is not used in the country districts, but may be obtained in the towns, price from 1<. 6d. to 2v. currency (1». 4d, to It. 9d. sterling) per gallon. The la- bourers, however, generally pre- fer West India rura. There are temperance societies in the pro- vince. Prince Edtcard*s Island. 20. There are no public worlujl in progress in the colony. 21. See the answer to No. 20. 22. In the months of May aud| November. 23. From Qd. to It. per day, and from 10«. to 15<. per month. 24. 204. per week. 25. See the Table, Appendix E, page 60. 26. Not materially. 27. Spirits are in too common use. There are two breweries in Charlotte Town where beer can be procured all the year, varying in price from 9d. to It. 6d. per gallon. BKIH3I1 NOKTll AMEIUCA. conliiiued. SMIGRANTS OP THE LABOURING CLASS. 35 ANSWERS. wer to No. 20, Eastern (Lower) Canada. 20; Somewhat higher. ible, Appendix 21. No; but "Shanties"* are commonly provided by the contractors. 22. By the month and year. 23. About one-third less in winter, except in the case of lumberers. 24. From 3/. to 4/. sterling per month, with board and lodging. 25. See the Table, Appendix £, page 50. 26. Groceries are dearer, but other proYisions are not so. 27. No ; except in cities and towns. Native whisky and rum are their common drink. * A >pecie« of liut. IFestern (Upper) Canada. 20. Tlic wages pnid by Government are nearly the same. Tliey arc paid always iii money ut 3». Od. per day, the labourer pro- vidinir himself with board and lodging. Being employed on the public works is of no advantage to the emigrant beyond the sum he receives for his labour. He learns nothing of the country or of agricultural occupations, and is much more tempted to give way to intemperate habits. Besides, as there is sukloni a steady demand for labourers of this description, he may be thrown out of employment. 21. Tiie labourers generally put up tem- porary buildings near the works for themselves and families, sometimes the contractors of the work by whom the labourers are engaged pro« vide the houses for them. 22. They are sometimes hired by the year, but oflener by the month, receiving higher wages during the summer months. 23. For three months in the summer season the wages arc about one-third higher than during the other nine mouths : in the towns the wages do not vary. 24. During harvest expert agricultural la- bourers generally receive 4«. Qd, and 5«. per day, with board and lodging. 25. Sec the Table, Appendix £, page 50. 26. All farm produce is cheaper in settle- ments remote from a market; but groceries and all imported articles are dearer in cuuse- queucc of the cost of transport. 27. Beer is not the common drink of la- bourers out of the towns, but it is coming more into use. It is brewed of an excellent quality at about If. per gallon. 36 I f i I' INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO No. 1 l--l(.0n/{nu£(J INFORMATION FOR EMIORANTsIqf THE I QUESTIONS. 28. Will land be granted by the pmployerB of labour on which to erect a dwelling T and what extent of garden allotment ia usually added t 29. What is the expense of erecting a log-hut t 30. Does this log-hut af- ford sufficient protection against the weather in all seasons t 31. Should locka, hinges, latches, bolts, &c. be taken out from England! 32. Is there a clergyman in each of the tettled dis- tricts 1 33. Are there the means of education in tho rur of worship, but not of the Churclil of England ; there are only three clergymen in the colony of that denomination. 33. Yes, in the greater part of | them, 34. There arc no savings' bonks. ! DRITISH NORTH AMERICA. No. n-Hpg„^,';,lfgrf. EMIGRANTsioF THE LABOURING CLASS. 37 •d*A' Island. the cuRtom u> ac purposes in e considered to | lie winter. les can be pur-' })ony on easy meat ii within | mce of a place J t of the Church' ; are only three colony of that greater part of I no savings ANSWERS. Eastern (Lower) Canada. 28. Such an arrangement is not usual. 29. 5/. to 20/., according to the size, &c.* 30. Yes, if properly constructed. 31. No. 32. Generally there is. 33. There are, but not adequate to the wants of the people. 34. cent. In the towns only. Interest three per * From 5/. to W. lOi. is tlie expense of erecting a log-liiit covered with shiogles, and such as is genemily erected by new settlers, ft is warm nnd comrortable, and aiiRwers every purpose. The rent of ntown lodging at Queliec, suitable to a mechanic and his family, is from 7/. lOi. to 12/. 10s. currency. (From a Return I'urnisheil by the immigration auent at Quebec, dated July 31, 18U.) Western (Upper) Canada. 28. The practice hns not been introduced into Upper Canada, but no doubt a sufficient quantity of land would readily be allowed to a labourer's family for the purpose of erect- ing a dwelling and for a garden allotment. It would prove besides an advantage both to th? employer and the immigrant, and the latter with such accommodation would accept lower wages. 29. It varies from about 3/. to 10/., or more, the price of course depends altogether upon the description of dwelling required. The usual mode of putting up buildings by a settler in the country, and which cost but little, is to obtain the assistance of all his neighbours, which la called a Bee ; he has to provide provisions foi.' them while they arc thus employed. 30. A log-hut, if properly constructed, can be made a very comfortable dwelling, and much warmer than a frame house. 31. By no means; if wanted they are easily to be got in the country ; but few houses of farmers and labourers have any other than wooden hinges, bolts, &c., which answer every purpose. 3'.^. Yes ; but in many parts of the country many more are required to supply the wants of the inhabitants of all denominations. 3.?. The means of education in the country are at present very indifTerent, but instruction in the elementary parts of education is aiForded throujjhout the country by means of the dis- trict and common schools. Every district is required by law to erect a school-house ; and a salary of 100/. per annum is provided to be paid from the funds of the province to the master of the school. 34. There is a savings' bank at Toronto which pays five per cent, on deposits. The amount of deposit for each individual is limited to 50/. currency. rs ' INFORMATION FOR KMIOKANTS TO No. 1 1. INFORMATION FOH EMKiUANT QIJESIIONS. 35. Are there any hoipltaU or iiifirmarie* t 36. Are there any benefit ■ocietieiY 37« If there any fund for the relief of the destitute 1 ANSWKRS. New Brunswick. 35. There are almi and work- houiiet for the poor in the coun- ties of St. John, Yorli, St. An- drew, and Northumberland, and OTeneen of the poor in every town and parish ; also a penitentiary and lunatic asylum at St. John Marine hospitals for the reception of sailors, and eHtablishmeuts of boards ol health at the chief seaports. 36. None but the national ones of St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick, which expressly afford relief to emigrant settlers. 37. There is a rate raised in each parish for relief of the poor, and a fund derived from tlie pay* ment of &a, curren.y (4*. 6(/. sterling) on each emigrant on arriving, to be applied to relieve them, and assist them in re- moving to their locations. There are also funds raised with these objects by the several emigration societies, which are formed and forming, assisted by Legislative granta. Prince EduariVs hliuuiX 35. There are no h pilals or| infirmarin. 3G. Tlierc are cietlcs. nu benefit lo-l 37. There is no regular fundi fur that object. In the few caseJ which arise, relief is afforded b/ the Legislature. BKITI8H NOIITH AMERICA. 39 KMKJRANT nu benefit lo- D regular fuliiil ill the few easnl f ia afforded bi \w tinned. )Y THK LAHOUniNO CLASS. ANSWEiW, EasUrn {L'jwcr) Canada. 36. In the towns only. 30. In tlie towns onlj-. 37. There are charitable locietics in tbe I principal towns, nnd grants arc made from the public funds to certain btmevolcnt institutions, J but there is no tax whence to form a general [fund. lies tern (Upper) Canada. 35. There is an hospital at Toronto and at Kingston. , 34. The national societies devote what small funds they linve to charitable purposes, but the relief Uiiih afforded is not very considerable. 37. There is a House of Industry at Toronto supported by voluntary contributions. Its disbursements last year were 800/., there are between 70 and HO inmates, who are lodged, boarded, and clothed, and about 2)0 out-door pensioners receliing relief. 40 INFORMATION FOR EMKlRANTS TO k APPENDIX A. (Referred to in the Answer to Queition 16, page 21.) Mr. WiDDER, one of the Commissioners of the Cunadu Company, lina ftirnishcd the two foUowinjj statements ; tlio first, with refereneo to tilhige, ho stiitcs lie procured from u very inleUigent und respect- able yeoman, settled in the London District : — "Cost of clearing 10 ncrc» of heavy timbered land, in the nsual Canadian fashion, 'nitii an estimate of the crupa to be produced therefrom during the first tiircc years after clearing, — First Year. ^ Dr. ^ Cr. £. s. (i. £. s. il. Cho])|)ing, clearing, and fencing 10 acres 1 rails 1111(1 riders, t. c , a substantial fence, at least 8 feet high, s') ar, to leave it lit for the drag, and sowing it at 4/. per acre 40 Seed, ]^ bushel wheat to the acre, say l.'i bushels at 5* 3 15 Sowing and dragging at hs. per acre .... 2100 Harvesting at 7<). (Sd. per acre 3 15 The value of the straw, tailing wheat hulls, and on the farm, are supposed to be equal to the thrash- ing and cartage to the barn . . ... . . Cr, bj 20 bushels wheat per acre — 200 bushels at 3s. 9(/ .'i? 10 Second Year. To timothy and clover seed, at 2.«. M. per acre . 15 Mowing.and taking off hay, at 7«. Qd. per acre . 3 15 Cr. by 1 J ton per acre of hay, at 6 dollars per ton . . 22 10 Third Year. To mowing and taking off the hay, at 7*. 6(/. per acre , 3 15 Cr. by li ton hay per acre, at 6 dollars per ton . . . 22 10 58 15 82 10 Balance .... 23 15 £82 10 82 10 "In this case the value of the after-grass is not taken into consideration, although it is of great value to the farmer, it being the object of this state- ment to make every allowance for extra expenses, and as it might possibly be thought that the prices of labour were stated at too low a rate, the value of the after-grass is thrown into the scale to compensate for any deficiency in the statement of expenses. BHITlflll NORTH AMP.RICA. " The lime (fuantity of Uiid cleared by slashing :— • First Year, Dr. £. I. Slashing 10 acres, at 4 dolUra per acre . . . 10 This is to be allowed to lie three yean : interest on 10/. fur three years at 6 per cent 1 10 niirniiig, clearing, and fencing, at 8 dollars |)cr acre 20 Plutigliing twice at 15s. per acre, 7^ CJ. each time 7 10 Dragging and seed 5 Ilurvusting 3 15 Cr. by 25 bushels wheat to the acre, 250 bushels at 3f. 9(/ Second } lOr. Ploughing over, at 7«. 6'/. per acre .... 315 Sowing and drugging, 5s 2 10 Seed, 1 i^ bushel rye per acre 2 10 Harvesting 3 15 Cr. by 20 bushels rye per acre, nt 3*. 9 whose vemcity I iiave no reason for doubting, it appears that the value of stock in that township is as follows : — " Shecj) (store), after shearing, 10*. a-piece. " Working cattle, per yoke, 50 to 60 dollars. " YcKT old hogs, l'2s. 6d. to 1 5s. each. " Horses, from 30/. to 40/. the span (the pair). " Cows, 16 to 20 dollars each. " It appears that stock farms are much more profitable than merely BRITISH NORTH AMKRICA. 43 |e pre- |low of poor (not ihe ad- ighout Eng. ce, yet Ida and ^, or at m acre \e value forest, enee in grain farms, on account of the great increase in the value of cattle in the first three or four years. The following is o fair statement of what may be done with them : — ** In the fall of the year ox calves, calved in the spring, may he p\ircha8cd for 20*. currency per head, generally at somcthitig less. The next autumn, when two years and a-half old, they are worth 80*. each; and the spring following, are fit to break in, and then are worth 5^ each or 10/. per ycjke. The stock farmer should not keep them longer, as they will not continue to increase in the same proportion. Heifer calves are equally profitable to keep." The western parts of Upper Canada, on account of the winters there being shorter and milder, would no doubt aiiswer far better for rearing stock of all kinds than the eastern districts, and the practice would be taken up more generally were the productions of the neighbouring states prohibited from being imported. The farmers chroughout this province complain loudly that the American people are permitted to bring their produce for sale into Upper Canada, whereas the produce of their own country cannot be introduced into the States without paying a heavy duty. .■jA')tiL,£ >_i^*,;i 44 INFORMATION FOR t MIGRANTS TO i'i 3) tc Pi a o 0) a o a, -Tin C8 o .5 c as -l bo < •c e:5 pq 1 a i a I >;; P o S 2 (2 1 a & &< -31 a M .2 ^ - — . 1) ;.* *^ "tS "O ^ ™ f^ ™ 3 rt ^ t J ^ a g ■2 no t:-S-2 "S 1 i»lM!OCI©o C> ©CO"-" - » £. S'7:«a©'Mooco©i>.©i'-.©o>«rjff)ao©Mi— i-roo © (ij r-.i— •>— I— II— It—I— I «4©©©©©©©'-'>n«^»^©'"5'-' ® 00 © !>.© ©00 »» 1— < oo >n (M i-< d ■8 0 11 i.«i CI _g ^ 2cS u > ^. M *^ M O * M * * * * • •••*••• ^H wSH^I §l52^;i'"c • • • • . D o 3j ri<_ -3 .»<•.« 2 u 3 -J S 2 _' to 3 o I j3 1! liki. PUITISH NORTH AMERICA, 45 1 04 4J %9 Sq 9 o 1> JQ ■44 «« «« 3 3) 3" u > c4 V J3 -w U *4 rt rt tJ !4 =" 3 u -< d 3 '3 • pM > a >-t v c^ IIh » u 1> J3 » ■♦-• bt o 1 tM n V u bi C^ •^ 1) *^ 4 ■< APPENDIX C 1. (Ruferrod to io the Answer from Eaiitern Cnnadu to Quoiaon 17, pa^^e 33.) Distance from Quebec to Toronto, \ik Bytown and the Rideau Canal, 590 miles ;* time required, about eight days ; expens«2 of each adult, exclusive of provisions, 22s. 6d. to 25*. cur- rency ; children under 12 years, half price ; under three years, nothing. Route from Quebec to Montreal by steam-boat, 1 80 miles . Baggage free ; the present price is only 2?. 6d., owing to the opposition of the steam-boats, but last Spring it was as high as 7*. 6c/. ; 5s. is stated as a fair and reasonable rate. Time required, from 18 to 20 hours. From Montreal tc Kingston in Durham boats, and Batteaux, towed by steam-boats up the Ottawa river, and through the Grenvillc and Ridcaux canals ; distance, 258 miles ; passage for each adult Children under 12 years, half price; 40 lbs. luggage allowed each full passenger ; all over that quantity is charged at the rate of 2». 6rf. per cwt. Time required, from five to six days. Families on arrival at Montreal, who do not wish to incur the expense of lodging, will find shelter in the Emigrant sheds at the entrance of the Lachine canal. Lodgings can be hud at from 4rf. to 6d. per night. If supper or breakfast is required, price each meal is lOrf. to 1a'. Bytown, at the entrance of the Rideau canal, 120 miles, is a convenient place to obtain a fresh supply of provisions. From Kingston to Toronto by steam-boats, distance 166 miles ; time required, from 18 to 24 hours; luggage free Total amount of travelling expenses Emigrants need not incur any expense beyond a night's lodging at Montreal and at Kingston. In both places there is a shed to which they will be admitted on application to the Govern- ment agents. In no instance are Emigrants of this class furnished with food on their route from Quebec to Toronto. Probable expents for provisions on the route, about ..... Total .... Currency. £. s. d. 5 10 7 1 2 6 10 1 12 6 * III Table at prt{;e 9 the distance from Quebec to Toronto is stated to be 570 miles, and towards the bottom of page 47 at 006 miles. Thia difference arises probably from diifereat routes being taken. 46 JM'OUMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO 1; APPENDIX C 2. (Referred to in the Answer from Western Canada to Question 17, page 33.) 7 6 Currency. On the arrival of the Emigrant vessel nt Quebec, the Emigrant, £. s. d. if he intends to proceed to Upper Canada, should on no account leave the vessel, except il be to go with the long-boat direct with his luggage to the steamer for Montreal ; and not iinfrequently the steamer comes alongside the Emigrant ship, and thus facilitates the re-embarkation of the Emigrant. The captain of the ship can easily arrange this with the steamer. "Very little difficulty is experienced by the Emigrant at Quebec; v: fe.v hours suffice to provide his family with the necessaries of life, if his supplies are run out. The steam- boat gocb up the river to Montreal in about 24 hours, a distance of 180 miles. The charge for deck passengers is *]s. 6rf.,* and no charge is made for luggage ..... The fare is reduced when there is any competition to .5s., and less. Next year (1842) it may be reduced much more, as new steamers are preparing for this route. The Emigrant, before going on board the steamer, should boil as much pork or beef as will serve him for a day or two, which he can do before leaving the ship ; in a few minutes he can procure fresh bread ; and if he has a large tin tea-pot, with a few tins, he can with ease get hot water in the steamer to make some tea, to refresh the members of his family on the way up. On his arrival at Montreal he should, with as little delay as possible, get his luggage transported to the barges of the forwarding company. He will find many carters in readiness for this purpose, and must take care not to be imposed upon by them ; Is. &d. should be sufficient to take all his things to the station of the barges. Here the fare is, from Montreal to Bytown, per adult, 8^. Allowance for luggage, 1 cwt., or \\ cwt., free; and for any quantity over and above this, 25. per cwt. The barges arrive at Bytuwn about 72 hours after leaving Mon- treal. The same barges continue through to Kingston. The fare from By town to Kingston is, per adult, 10*. ; same allow- 10 ance of luggage as above, and 2s. 6ri for each cwt. extra : add Is. per day for meals from Quebec to Bytown, say eight diiys When the Emigrant gets on board the barge at Montreal, liis luggage need not be moved until he reaches Kingston. He will find utensils for cooking, and the female part of his family will find shelter in the cabin of the barge. In case of foul weather, he can get his family on board of the steamer at Lachine, (s^even miles from Montreal,) where the barges are taken in tow to Carillon, about 40 miles from Lachine. The 1 6 8 8 Carried forward * Air. Widdtr savs 5». (for every adult). 1 15 HRITISII NOIITII AMERICA. 47 ) prrtT.cy. S. d. 1 6 1 6 8 8 J Brought forwiird barges there take seven or eight hour:* in getting throrigh the locks, and getting up tu Gienville, On the way, the Emigrant can buy a few potatoes from tlie farmers on the canal. Tlie prices of provisions do not vary from Montreal to Kingston ; potatoes 1.?. 6d. and 2». per bushel; pork bd. to Id. per lb.; butter Srf.to lOrf,; flour 5 dollars to 6 dollars per barrel ; tea 'Ss. to 4s. per lb. ; sugar 6d. per lb. ; eggs Srf. to lOrf, per dozen; butchers' meat S^c/. to 5t/. per Ih., according to the quality. All these articles are easily procured on the way. From Grenville to Bytown is about 05 miles, and the barges are towed by a steamer, and reach in about 15 or 16 hours. On their arrival at Bytown the barges have again to pass through locks, which causes a detention of some hours. The passage from Bytownio Kingston is rather tedious ; but as it affords to the Emigrant various opportunities of seeing the country, and many of engaging as a farm servant, he should not look upon it as altogether lost time. A great error is committed by the Emigrant in asking exorbitant wages on his arrival;* he should content liimself at first with 3*. or 4*., and take the first employment that offers. Many Emigrants on arrival at Quebec and Montreal have not the means to carry them forward, but they find no dilHculty in getting work about the coves at Quebec, and are very soon enabled to lay up sufficient to cany them up the country. They should on no account remain in Quebec or Mc;.treal during winter, as they will assuredly have much privation and hardship to contend with. However high the wages may be in the busy season, the winter presents to tliem a barren field. At Kingston there are steamers for Toronto, distant 170 miles, and for Hamilton, at the head of Lake Ontario, distant from Kingston 210 miles. The time occupied at Toronto is 24 hours ; the deck fare is usually 7*. 6(/. Last season i' was only 5*. for each adult, exclusive of provisions. Two children under 14 years of age are charged as one passenger. The distance from Quebec to Toronto is 606 miles ;t time occu- pied in performing it last season about 10 days, and the total expense for each- adult, including provisions, is, including 2 days' provisions from Kingston to Toronto . Currencv. £. s. d. 1 15 7 G 2 2 4 6 Mr. Hawke says the passage from Montreal to Kingston is 10^., which will make the whole 8s. less than the foregoing, viz., 1/. 16*. 6rf. currency; deduct , . . , . 8 £1 16 6 * See Ciiution, page 51. f Sie note at bottom of ii>ige 43. ■'1 i u t M: "-I t,'j i. . t'. 48 1 INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS TO APPENDIX D.— (Referred to le Ans\i Rates of Wages paid in Each e under-ir • Trade or Calling. New Bkunswick. PttlNOB Edward's I BI,A\ 1 Avrrage Wages per Dlom. Average Wagegpor Annum. Average Wages per Diem.* ATcrni<(l Wages iJ Animn.l Average With Ifimnl ntifi 1 Withuiil Board and WUh Boord and Without With 1 Lodging. Lodging. Lodging. Board and Lodging Board and Lodging With DoJ Wiihuiit Boa and Ludgin Sterling. *. d. «. d. £. S. i $. d. Bread & Bis-) ctiit Bakers/ • 2/. 17*. to.1/. 3*t 36/. i 2 25 ( 4 Butchers. . 6.. 3(/. to 7s. 2tl. 4,?. Gd. fo 5s. 5d.' 32/. 8«. • • • • • • 'or month, Briclcinakcrs. 4«. G/. 5s. 4d. to Gs. 3d. • « 4 3 36 1 6 Ciibiiietniakers 7i. '1,1. to 8«. 7d. 5s. 4d. to 7s. 2d. • • 4 6 3 6 40 7 Coopers . . 4». M. 2s. 8d. to 3s. U. • ■ 4 3 36 i 5 Carters . 4». C(/. 2s. 8d. to 3*. Id. • • • • • • . . 3 6 2 lo employn Cooks (women) • • 13*. Gd. to 18».t ■ • « • • • 10 i Comhmakers. • . • • • • • • • a • • Dairywomen . • 13*. Gd. to 18*.t • • • • « t • • 1 G Dressmakers 1 & Milliners j 2«. 3(/. to It. 8d. 1*. 4d. to 1*. 10//. • • 2 1 G 20 ! 1 3 Farm Labourers 3». rd. 2*. 8*/. 21/. 12*. 2 6 1 9 16 1 3 Gardeners . ■Is. r,d. 3*. 7d. 271. 3 4 2 3 • • 3 4 Grooms . . '3s. 7d. 2*. 8d. III. 10*. • • • • 20 ( 3 Millwrights . 8»-. Gs. 3d. • • 4 6 3 6 40 1 7 Millers . 9.. 7s. 2d. • • 3 6 2 6 35 1 (i 6 Blacksmiths . 7s. -Id. 5s. • • 4 3 40 ( 5 Painters . 7s. 9,1. to 9s. Gs. 9d. • • 4 3 30 1 C 3 Plasterers 7s. '2,1. to 9f. Gs. 9d. • • 5 4 40 i 6 8 Plumbers and) Glaziers .j 6». 3d. to 8». 4s. Gd. to 6*. 2d. • • • • • • • t 7 Quarrymen . 5*. Ad. 3s. 7d. • • « • • • • • 3 6 Ropemakers . • • m m • • • • • • • • 5 4 Shoemakers . Per week, 2/. 5f . Per week, 1/. 7*. • • 4 3 40 ( Sawyers . . 6f. 9d. 5s. 4d. t • 4 3 3G 1 5 Shipwrif^lits&l Boatbu;l(lersJ Gs. 9d. to 9s. 5s. 4d. tc 7s. 2d. • * 4 3 40 ( G Sioncmnsons. Gs. 9(/. to 9*. 5s. 4d. to 7s. 2d. • » 4 3 30 I C Sailmakars . Perwk.,27».to36i. • * 00/. 4 3 40 ( 5 Slaters and) Shin>>;lers .) 7s. 2d. 5*. 4d. .. :, 4 40 « 5 fone in Ki 4 Shepherds None exclusively. . • • • • • • « « Tanners . Gs. 3d. 4s. Gd. 27/. 4 6 3 6 45 c Tailors . Per month, 6/. 6*. Per montli, 4/. 10«, • • 4 3 40 (' 6 AVhcelwrights 6*. 9d. 4». Gd. • • 4 3 40 i G G Whitesmiths. l'erwk.,27«.to36». • • • • 4 3 40 8 5 G *Pii( :es presumed iu bte rliug. tPe r m(.rliii|{ .Sterliii|{. .Sterling. Rteilliiff. 1 :''' d. *, (/. i. d. .. d. ■ 'i; 1 Salt bci'f. )>ir lb t 3.J 3.J 4^ 2A m\ ! Fiesih (Iittu, , , . . • . 3 4 3 3 Sffl :'l Mutton, , , . . • • 4 4 4i 4 n-' Lunib, , , . . 1 . 5 4 5, 4 ; r 1; Veal, ,, .... 4 5 3A 3 Fresh Pork, , , .... Suit (iittu, , , .... 5 ;Ji 4 4 5, fy.- 2* 3i 1 ■i t ' Fuwia, ])L'r pair 2 2 1 G 1 'A 1 1 ',■' • i 1 Bacon, per lb U G 4i 7 5 r •! Salt butter, , , .... 7 7i lOi 8 m , Fresh dittu, , , .... 10 7 iij 9 i»'-v Fre^h milk per (piart . . .'{ 3 3.J 4 Cheese, per lb U (> 5 7 7 K^^s, per (loz 8 9 9| 6 Potatoes, per bushel .... 1 1 1 9.1 9 ^•; Bread, best wheattu, per 4 lb. loaf 9 G 2| per lb. 4 ,, 2 per lb. i;,, 1 Seconds, , , 7 , , U t. Best wheat flour, per bar.(19Glb8.) 28 2U 3') h 1 Seconds, , , 2) 15 31 G u 1 . Oatmeal, per cwt 12 G 18 9 18 U h ' ' Barley meal , , .... 12 6 • • None. 1 ,, \l Cuals, per chaldron .... 2:y • * 3G 24 Candles, ner lb Fire-wood, per 'coid'of 1 28 cub. ft. 9 9 lOi 10 h 15 U 3 13 G 8 j! Common soap, per lb. . . . 4 5 5i 4 k Tea, ,, ... 2 C 3 9 3 7 3 Coii'ee, green, , , ... 1 10 101 1 Rice, ,, ... 3 5 3 4 Sugar, brown, , , ... 5 G 5A 4 Diito, white, , , ... 8 9 8 7 m ^ Salt, per bushel 3 12 6 1 4 1 6 ll:,'' Pepper, per lb 9 1 lOi 1 5 i^-' i Salt fish (the cheapest kinds) pur cwt 12 4 11 3 per quiu. Oil '>'y' *\\>ei lb l. Fresh ditto (ditto), per lb. . . 3 ■ • ■ • 3 cichCod. Beer, per gallon .... 1 fi 1 1 H 1 ?'■ 1 Porter, per bottle 1 1 6 1 4 jier gall. 1 i>ergall. *■ Cl.OTHING. I Men's stout shoes, per pair • . 10 10 9 9 I; >^ Women's ditto , , . . 8 U 7 G G 9 G i ' Snow over-shoes, , , . . 12 ; G 3 \ \15 9 G : - Men's shirts, cotton .... 3 ( 3 9 \ 5 3 2 2 9 ; Men's sniockfrocks . . • . 4 6 Not used. 4 , Flannel, per yard .... 2 f) • • 1 H 1 8 , Cloih for couts, , , ... 7 (i 10 9 10 : ' Cotton fur gowns y • • 9 10 ',1 i Fustian, per yard .... 2 • • 1 4 2 i|: Velveteen, , , .... 2 G 3 2 8 3 ' ?■-!■• > The above-mentioned articles of cluthiug are supposed to be of the average qualitj f geucrally used by persons ol'the labouring cl asses. 1 k_i.. BRITISH NORTH AMKRICA. 51 No. 12. Caution to Emigrants against rkfvsino Offer of Good Wages. The following ia an Extract of a Report from the Chief Immigration Agent at Quebec, to the Governor-general of Canada, dated 31 st July, 1841. " The most important measure is, first, to endeavour to undeceive the emigrants in the very erroneous ideas which they almost all entertain as to the remuneration which tliey will receive for their labour on arrival in this country. Instances occur almost daily of persons who, in their own country (Ireland) were glad to work for lOd. to Is. per day, refusing employment Ijere at 3*., and they do not consider ♦hr.l for the first eeason, until they become acquainted with the labour of the country, their services are worth little more than one-half to the farmer. Many, to my certain knowledge, have been offered advantageous engagements in this neighbourhood, but re- fused permanent employment, preferring to proceed in hopes of better wages, but in which very many are disappointed. " Wages for agricultural labour in the eastern townships, and in almost every section of the western division of the province, arc higher than in the neignbourhood of this city (Quebec) or Montreal ; six to seven dollars jjcr month is as much as farmers will, or can afford to, give to newly arrived emigrants, with board and lodging. Good hands, after a year or so of re- sidence, will generally command from 10 to 12 dollars, and found. La- bourers who board themselves receive here from 12 to 15 dollars per month. Day labourers always get 2*. 6d. to 3j., and at this season oftener the latter than the former, but if they possess the means of proceeding further, they will seldom work for this. " It is most desirable to impress on the intending emigrant the necessity of their being in possession of sufficient means to enable them to proceed to where a demand for their labour exists, and it is extremely difficult, I may say im- possible, when from 2000 to 3000, and in some instances 5000 people arrive here in a week, (as was the case this season for several weeks in succession) that employment can immediately be found for all who stand in need. " Facilities have occurred this season which were not formcrl-^ lo be obtained in the neighbourhood of this city (Quebec) and Montreal, viz., immediate employment to all classes of emigrants on the public works and road im- provements. This, however, cannot be relied on in future beyond another season." '■^ INFORMATION KOK EMIORANTI TO No. 13. Caution aoainst Re-emighatino irom thk Britisu Colonies into THE AOJUININO StATES. Tlic following are Extracts of Despatches from Her Majesty's Consuls at New York and Boston, in reply to Inquiries on the subject of Emigration from the British Provinces into the United States, recently addressed to them by the Lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. „. . „ I'iXtracts of Despatch dated 30th September, 1841, from the Consul at New f York to the Lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. •' I beg to say that my office is daily beset by numbers who have landed lit Quebec, St. John, and other ports frotn the United Kingdom, who merely remain as lung in Her Majesty's possessions as they can either earn by their Itibour, or as they can obtain without labour, as much money as will pay their passage to the States. I may state that in nine cases out of ten the poor people deplore how they have been duped, while, from their having left Iler Majesty's possessions, I do not feel it my duty to render them any pe- eimiary aid. ♦' Several Emigrant Associations have been formed in this city, but they have been short-lived from being so borne down with applicants, and one established last year will, I presume, expire with the year. •' It may appear extraordinary to your Excellency that more persons receive charitable aid in this city than in Dublin, or any city in Her Majesty's dominions of the same extent of population. The numerous charitable institutions have entailed this evil upon the city. " Tlierc is continually arriving in this city a class of British emigrants, whose condition here is truly distressing, viz., persons above the rank of the labouring class, the sons and daughters above the scale which furnish ser- vants, some of whom have been well educated ; some of them arc well qualified to act as teachers in various branches, but all such are miserably disappointed ; not a few are provided for by death, in the unhealthy climate of the Southern States, to which they have to resort, while many enter the service of the United States army. * ♦ * ♦ " For above 25 years I have witnessed tlie misery and disappointment of thousands who have arrived here, while the most deplorable sufferers are females, and those men who will not labour. 1 know not how it is in New lirunswick, but in Upper Canada females are sure of employment, and if prudent and well conducted, certain of getting comfortably married, while licre distress drives hundreds to the most degradhig haunts of prostitution. BRITISH Noain amkrica. 53 " \ Iftbouring man mny work hard uU hiit life in the United Kingdom, or Irelniid, and never will acquire 50 acrcH of land, while live years of such labour, if he avoids spirituoua liquore, will cimble a labDuriiignum in Canada, and I presume also in New Brunswick, to ac(iuire 50 iicrcs, if not more, with a dwelling; I speak from actual ol)Rorv!itiun. Labouring with the axe and hoe is so dilKercnt, I may say so gcntlcinaidy, a description of labour, that our resncctable young men do not view it as working with a spade and reaping-hook in Ireland is considered, while in a short time an active young man may obtain 3/. per month, steady WHt,a>y, with bo.ud, and be regarded as one of the farmer's family." Extract of Despatch, dated 2d September, 1 II, from the Consul at Boston, to the Lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. " To your varioiia queries relative to the situation of the Irish Emigrants in this cUy and neighbourhood, I can state — " Ist. That the numbers are unquestionably in excess of the demand, and that there is by no means sufficient employment fur them. " 2nd. The rates of wages for labour are at present fluctuating and depending in a great measure on locality. A dollar a-day has been con- sidered until lately a fair and general price, but there arc great numbers of men now here altogether out of employment, and I have good reason to think that the labouring Irish would willingly compourd for .'iO cents (half a dollar) per day, to be guaranteed constant work. " 3rd. Wages are in all cases, I believe, in this neighbourhood paid in money, and f have known but few instances of complaint for want of punctuality. •' 4th. The summer season cannot be considered by any means unhealthy. or uncongenial to the emigrants. " 5th. Very few return direct to Europe from this port, and as no vessels are employed in the transport of emigrants from the United Kingdom, direct to Boston, it is only from the province of New Brunswick that they come here in any numbers. Some stragglers arrive from New York, or come down from Canada. Those who leave Mussachusets and the other New England States, after vain attempts to get employment, invariably remove to the West, through New York State. Numbers arc now tem- porarily engaged on the Western Railroad, which has been completed beyond the bov.ndary of the State of Massachuscts, in that direction. I may also mention, that r.ll the other railroads radiating from this city, with the exception of one in the direction of Maine, have been carried beyond thfe limits of Massachuscts, and the demand for Irish labour is consequently much limited in this quarter. " The strong prejudice which exists in this part of the Union against the labouring Irish, tends much to make them discontented; coulu encourage- ment be held out to them with the certainly of employment in New Brunswick duri^ig the whole year, I have no doubt that numbers would be induced to return to that province, or to proceed to Canada on the same terms," my p*- m mi' 1 ' '1 'BA ^wrifmuf^^^ LONDON VAniti'ta* Hrt M»j»i»y't SluMorery Office by W. Cm>wm and Soitt. SUmftird Stircl. -■■ ,f'.-'