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A 
 
 25th Congress, 
 Sd Session. 
 
 [ SENATE. ] 
 
 [251] 
 
 DOCUMENTS 
 
 0*7 
 
 o, 
 
 RELATINO 
 
 To the defc?ice of the northeastern frontier of the United States. 
 
 February 22, 1839. 
 
 Submilted by Mr. Benton, to accompany Senate bill No. "OC, and ordered to be pointed. 
 
 War Department, January 7, 1839. 
 
 Sir : I have had the honor to receive your communication of the 2d 
 instant, enclosing two resolutions of the Senate, in reference to the defence 
 of the maritime frontier of the State of Maine, and requesting of this de- 
 partment such information on the subject as it may be able to give. 
 
 In compliance, I have the honor to transmit a report of the Chief Engi- 
 neer, dated the 4th instant, which contains all the information possessed by 
 the department on the subject of the first part of the resolutions ; and in re- 
 gard to the second part, I beg leave to refer to the report of this depart- 
 ment, of the 31st ultimo, on the same subject, made in compliance with the 
 resolution of the Senate of the 22d December last. 
 
 Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 
 
 J. R. POINSETT. 
 Hon. Thomas H. Benton, 
 
 Chairman Committee on Military Affairs, Senate. 
 
 Engineer Department, 
 
 Washington, January 4, 1839. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor to present the following report on so much of the 
 resolution of the Senate of the 28th ultimo, this day referred to this office, 
 QS relates to " the expediency of constructing fortifications or establishing 
 other defences at important and exposed points on the maritime frontier of 
 the State of Maine, especially at Portland harbor, at the entrance of Ken- 
 nebeck river, and at the Narrows of the Penobscot river." 
 
 In 1818 a board of engineers was organized for the special purpose of 
 considering the subject of the military defences of the country ; and for 
 years the board was assiduously employed either in making a personal ex- 
 amination of the sea coast, or in devising the means of defending its exposed 
 points. During this period reports were made by the board of their views 
 on the subject, as applied to the portions of the coast coming successively 
 under examination ; and when the personal examination was finished, a 
 
 Blail & Rives, priuters. 
 
[251] 
 
 I 
 
 le report, in a form as condensed as possible, was presented of the 
 
 sincr 
 
 whole matter. 
 
 The report, made in 1S20, may be fonnd in document INo. 15J ot tlie 
 Honse of Representatives, 19th Congress, 1st session. 
 
 A reference to this report will show that the board considered it necessary 
 to fortify the road:<tcd of Mount Desert island, the Narrows of the Penob- 
 scot, the Sheepscot, the Kcnnebeck, Portland harbor, and Portsmouth 
 harbor. In a report, made in 1S36, Eastj)ort and Machias are brought tor- 
 ward as places that will need attention in this way, ere long ; and Uastme, 
 St. George's bay, Broad bav, Damariscotta, Saco. Kennchunk. and York, 
 are also enumerated, as calling, more or less urgently, for similar protection. 
 
 Portland, the mouth of the Kennebcck, and the Narrows of the Penobscot, 
 beino- positions of great importance, have received much attention. The 
 harbor of Portland has been surveyed, and the principal defences carefuhy 
 planned: these are, a new fort on Port Preble point, estimate !$155,0U0 ; 
 and works on House island, estimate $18,1)00. The security ot Hog island 
 channel may cost, say ,f 135,000. , , , . -.^m icon i . 
 
 A survey of the mouth of the Kennebcck was begun m Ibl'J or lb.iO, but 
 owing to the assignment of the surveying officers to other duty, was never 
 
 finished. ^ ,^ , r. , . i 
 
 It is many years since the survey of th;^ Narroivs of the Penobscot, and 
 the plan of 'tl'ie proposed defences, estimated cost ;=?i50,000, was handed in 
 to the department. 
 
 Portsmouth harbor, important on many accounts, and ot the greater na- 
 tional importance from being the site of a navy yard, lies partly m the State 
 of iMaine. This harbor deserves unmediate attention. The survey begun 
 many years ago, was broken off by calls to other duty of the surveying 
 officer, and has never been resumed. 
 
 The fort at the Narrows of the Penobscot, .a fort .it the mouth of the 
 Kennebcck, Fort Preble, in Portland harbor, and forts in Portsmouth har- 
 bor, were i)laced, by the last condensed report of the Board of Engineers, in 
 the class of works first to b- begun, the progress made since 182G m the 
 construction of the fortifications comprised in the original first class having 
 advanced these works from the second class. 
 
 This office is unable to afford information on the other subject embraced 
 in the resolution of the Senate. 
 
 All which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 JOS. G. TOTTEN, 
 fj. Colonel Engineers, brevet Colonel, and Vk'wf Engineer. 
 
 Hon. J. K. PoiNSKTT, Secretary of War, 
 
 Wau Dkpautmknt, Ft6/vm/7/ 21, 1839. 
 
 Sir: 1 have the honor to lay before the Committee on Military Afi'airs 
 an extract of a report of the board of engineers on the subject of the points 
 at which the erection of proper defences, for the frontier of the State of 
 Maine, is necessary. The department concurs in the opinions of the board, 
 and respectfully recommends an appropriation of the sum estimated by it, 
 $100,000, for operations during the present year; and that, in conformity 
 with its suggestion, it be made unspecified. 
 
 Verv respectfully, vour most obedient servant, ' ' 
 
 ^ J. R. POINSETT. 
 
 Hen. T. H. Benton, 
 
 Chairman Committee on Military Affairs^ Senate. 
 
 \ 
 
HIP 
 
 3 
 
 ted of the 
 
 153 of tlie 
 
 necessary 
 [lie Penob- 
 'ortsmontli 
 rought for- 
 id Ortstine, 
 and York, 
 protection. 
 Penobscot, 
 ion. Tlie 
 ;s carefullv 
 $155,0UU'; 
 lloo; island 
 
 )rlS20,bnt 
 was never 
 
 obscot, and 
 5 lianded in 
 
 o-reater na- 
 
 in the State 
 
 rvey begun 
 
 surveying 
 
 auth of the 
 mouth har- 
 iigincers, in 
 182G in the 
 lass having 
 
 ;t embraced 
 
 '.vssinecr. 
 
 21, 1839. 
 
 tary Affairs 
 )f the points 
 he State of 
 )f the board, 
 mated by it, 
 I conformity 
 
 NSETT. 
 
 [251] 
 
 rctary of 
 dated 
 
 Eitracl from a report of (he Board of Engineers to the Secret 
 War^ on the subject (f the defiance of the frontier of Maine, 
 Ftbruaru 20, 1S39. 
 
 In the view of the subject, there is needed — 
 
 1. A military establishment at the junction of Dead river and the Ken- 
 neheck. 
 
 2. A military establishment at the junction of the Mattewamkeag and 
 Penol)scot. 
 
 3. A military establishment at Calais, with collateral works at Eastport. 
 
 4. A central arsenal at Bangor. 
 
 5. A fort on the Penobscot opposite Helfa^.t. 
 
 To which arc to be ad. led advanced works as occasion may call for them. 
 
 We must here remark lliat not only is it impossible for us to indicate, in 
 the jiresent staie of our knowledge, the proper form or magnitude of the 
 establishmenis above enumerated, but we must insist on the importance of 
 very careful and deliberate examinations of the ground before the exact 
 positions even be determined. Of course, estimates made at this moment 
 cannot pretend to be more than mere conjectures of the amount that may, 
 probably, be expended with judgment within the year. It would be a great 
 advantage if the sum allowed for these objects should bo granted without 
 ■ apportionment to them severally. In that case it is thought that $IU0,()0() 
 might be applied during the year to 7nUltary n-orks at the knad waters of 
 the Kennebeck ; on the headwaters oj the Penobscot; on the St. Croi.v 
 river ; at Eastport ; at Bangor ; and on the Penobscot opposite Belfast ; 
 all in the State of Maine. 
 
 Under the disadvantage of not having personally inspected the frontiers 
 of Maine, the preceding remarks are offered with diflideiiro, not doubting 
 that actual examination and surveys may lead to import uit laoclitications, 
 
 if not radical changes. 
 
 In Senate of tiik United States, 
 
 December 28, 1838. 
 
 On motion by Mr. Ruggles : 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on Military Affairs be directed to con- 
 sider and report upon the expediency of constructing fortifications or estab- 
 lishino- other defences at important and exposed points on the maritime 
 frontier of the State of Maine, especially at Portland harbor, at the en- 
 trance of Kennebeck river, and at Ihu Narrows of Penobscot river ; and 
 that they consider the subject with reference to the claim of that State to an 
 equal and just participation with the other States of the Union in the bene- 
 fits of the sytem of national defence embraced by the constitutional duties 
 of this Government, and more especially with reference to the existing con- 
 troversy, so greatly prolonged, in which the territorial rights of Maine are 
 
 involved, a large portion of her territory having been usurped by a foreign 
 power, and beTng now held in subjection thereto ; with leave lo report by 
 
 11 or otherwise. • , r 
 
 Resolved, That the same committee further consider, with reference to 
 3 same subject of controversy and the right winch every oiute has, under 
 
[ 251 ] 4 
 
 the federal constitution, to protection for its territory from foreign aggres- 
 sion, whether any and what further provisions are necessary to be made for 
 the greater security of the inland frontier of Maine, and the staying of en- 
 croachments ; with leave to report as aforesaid. 
 
 Attest: ASBURY DICKINS, Secretary. 
 
 ^ I