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In return we can truthfully say that we are giving our whole time and are usmg our best efforts to develop the most perfect and practical farm buildings, both as to design and durability of work. We especi- ally thank the agriculturists of the Dominion as we find that fully 90 per cent, of our large output IS used by them for farm structures n. . . ^^ ^°"^^ *^^ ^^^^^ intending to build to read caretully the letters and testimonials in the back of this pamph- let. These testimonials have been received from some of the most prominent and successful farmers in Ontario, and give very mil mformation as to actual cost of concrete structures of everv kmd. ^ In this pamphlet wejare making our instructions as brief and as plam as we possibly can, but in districts where our cement has not been thoroughly introduced we will send, at our own expense, an expert to lay out all sorts of structures and give all required instructions. When our instructions are carried out we guarantee all work to be absolutely perfect. The firet essential.ffor good, rapid, perfect work is a good platiorm of ordinary boards or plank— the larger the better Ihe platform should be laid level, so the water will flow evenly through concrete when mixing. No sides should be used on platform. On this platform place six pails gravel and one pail cement keeping these proportions until the pile is as large as is required to be used at one time. Don't mix more, at any one time, than 18 required for immediate use. After getting the proportions of gravel and cement on the platform, pile the mixture in a cone shape and then turn it over twice, with shovels, open from the center ,to the sides, leaving the mixture about equal all around ; pour into the center two pailfuls of water, turn the backs of shovels from you and push the mixture from all sides into the water, making the shovels go down to the platform every time, so that all the mixture is moistened. This will form a small trench all round inside of the dry mixture. Now pour more water all round in this trench, then push in more dry mixture as before. Repeat this until the mixture is all moistened. Again pile in a cone shape and turn over twice, and the concrete is ready for use. The old plan of using a box and hoes in mixing' concrete is a mistake. When concrete is slushy, the sand and gravel sink to the bottom, and the cement, being lighter, rises to the top, which, besides seriously weakening the cement, renders a uniform mixture and thorough ramming— which is absolutely necessary— impossible. (See Government report. ) FOUNDATIONS. Excavate to the depth required, at least below frost. Foundations should not be less than eighteen inches wide, and < where the ground is soft and springy, increase the width to >twenty or twenty-four inches, as required. Begin work by spreading concrete two or three inches thick over the bottom of the foundation, and fill in with stone (if they are available), well hammered down, and kept apart so that concrete may be ram- med firmly between them. Level up to the largest stone with concrete and smaller stone, then put on not less than two inches of concrete, followed by more stone, hammered and rammed as before. On no account put tile or any drain lengthwise under the walls. If drains are needed for surface water, on the outside, or^for springs inside, keep some distance from the walls, and, if necessary, pass under them at right angles. Foundations should be finished as nearly level as ground will permit. FRAMES FOR BUILDING WALLS. '"'^Bed planks on each side of foundation to exact wall line. For the outside comers, nail two planks firmly together at right angles, then put in angle a three-cornered strip, made by ripping a two-inch square piece diagonally. For the inside comers, set up a 4x4 scantling to the exact wall line. Then set up scantlings to support the two-inch plank on>ach side of wall, and toe-nail the bottom of upright scanthng to plank bedded at foundation Keep the upright scantlings about six feet apart and opposite each other, three inches from wall line at each side. Nail small strios across from one scantling to the other, brace firmly to stakes driven in the ground. If the concrete mixing bed is on the in- side of building, put braces on the outside, otherwise on the in- side, so as not to interrupt building operations. When the strips joining inside and outside scantlings are in the way of raising plank, put others higher up, then knock the old ones off and raise plank Be sure to drive good solid stakes behind all the planks bedded on foundation, to keep them from pressing out ward. Brace all corners and upright scantlings firmly, so as to insure perfectly straight walls and perpendicular corners (less the batter on each side). Have plank enough to go around buildinc inside and outside ; arrange the plank to proper wall lines bv wedges between plank and upright scantling. Now fill with con- crete in this way :— Spread about three inches of concrete between planks ; ram both faces of wall firmly, then put in field stone in center of wall, and hammer them down solid, having no stone nearer than two inches to the face of plank or wall line Now put in more concrete, and ram the face firmly, so as to insure a good, smooth surface when planks are raised. Keep on in this way until all the planks are filled around the building. In rais- ing planks, slack out top and bottom wedges ; now the planks are loose. Raise plank so that the lower edge has about two inches hold on the completed walls ; drive lower wedge just enough to hold plank firmly in position, put a nail in the top end of upper wedge and hangover the outside plank on top, between plank and upright scantling ; this upper wedge will be loose but in ramming down concrete the planks will find their proper line by pressing wedge against upright scantling. If top of last course built is very dry, sprinkle with water before putting on more concrete. It is very important when the concrete is setting to have moisture to insure good work, and until concrete is thoroughly set it draws moisture for many feet. After concrete structures have been built, say from two to five days, the hotter the weather the more water required. In dry weather it is impossible to give concrete structures too much water. COW STABLE FLOORS. First establish the grades of all parts of floors, and where it IS intended to put in our patent system of ventilation locate the position of the walls which form the sides of the elevated feed alley. These walls are only 4 inches thick and extend from 8 to la inches above the finished 'floor. We prefer the la inch, as that is high enough for the back of any feed manger for cattle. This system of ventilation consists in placing a 4 to 8 inch tile (according to the size of the building) under the feed alley floor, and extending through walls admitting the fresh air from the outside, with 1 inch iron lateral pipes leading from the tile mentioned to the parting blocks in feed manger in centre of each double stall, where the air is distributed in a fine spray, in this way each pipe spraying pure fresh air to two animals. The air, absolutely pure, is partially warmed in passing through the large pipe under feed alley, in unfrozen ground. We find the temper- ature of this earth is about 49° or 50°. Mr. W. S. Hawkshaw, of Glan worth, one of our largest importers and breeders of Shropshire sheep, kept a record during the whole of last winter of his thermometer in his large bank barn stable, ventilated with our system, and he informs us that in going into his stables at different hours, night and morning, he has never found the thermometer below 45° or above 50°, and the atmosphere pure at all times. This stable is about 60x80, and was as full of stock as it could be, consisting of horses, cattle, sheep and swine. The great diificulty in ventilating by doors and windows is that the air is not introduced where the cattle need it, and the whole atmosphere is cooled by heavy cur- rents, that strike and chill the animals. With our system of ventilation we prefer to keep all doors and windows tightly closed, so as to admit no draughts. After the little walls are formed for the elevation of feed alleys, put in foundation for the manure drops, (we find ideas differ as to width and depth of manure drops, but they are usually from la to 18 inches wide and from 4 to 10 inches deep.) The bottom of the manure drop should be laid first, and this should be, say 6 inches wider than the finished drop, giving room to set on edge a plank say ax8 to form the face of each side of manure drop. Along the top of each plank nail a bevelled strip to cut off the sharp edge or angle of the concrete, on each side of the drop or trench. The concrete behind these planks must be well rammed in, and as soon as set the planks may be removed, leaving a smooth, well-finished trench. In building stable floors of all kinds, get grades, all properly fixed. Cover the ground, if convenient, with one or more inches of sand or gravel, well rammed, before puttinR down concrete. Cover this with three inches of rough concrete, gauged six of gravel to one of cement. Ram this solid, and put on a finishing coat, one inch in thickness, of two parts clean coarse sharp sand to one part cement, which is also firmly rammed while the lower concrete is still soft. The work can be best done by setting a two by four scantling on edge, commencing at one end of the building, about three feet from the wall, holding the scantling in place by two iron or wooden pins. Ram the rough concrete approximately level within an inch of the top of the scantling. Then spread on fine concrete, so that when thoroughly rammed it will be level with top of scantling. Trowel the surface true to grade Now move along the scantling another three feet, and repeat the pro- cess until the floors are finished. Where fine gravel can be obtained, these floors may be put on in one coat, three inches thick, mixed three parts gravel to one part of cement, well rammed down and flnished smooth and true to grade. It is absolutely necessary that an iron rammer (which we can supply ) shou d be used, so that all concrete, both upper and lower, IS thoroughly rammed. (See Government report). Concrete for floors should not be mixed too wet, but should be only sufficiently moist to ram well and to worJc up to a good smooth finish. In horse stable floors the utmost care should be taken to have all concrete well rammed. DOOR AND WINDOW FRAMES. Make and set all door and window frames to the batter and width ot your walls, have no lugs or projections past the upright sides of your door or window frames, but nail on pieces of two by tour scantling, perpendicular, in the center of the outside of frames ; these will stiffen the frames and hold them firmly in place. Have all door and window frames come up to the sills • It IS not best to have any concrete on the top of window or door trames, asthe walls are not sufficiently set to support it, con- sequently, the concrete is liable to crack above such frames, and that additional weight coming on the side jams of the frames is liable to cause a fine crack under them. HOG PENS. The construction of walls for hog pens does not differ from ordinary walls. The grade of the floor of each pen is obtained by placing a stake at each corner, on a dead level ; now place another two inches below thiH level at the middle point of rear wall, which ig pierced by a tile. Now place scantlinj? diagonally acroHs the pen from the upper corner poHtn, meeting at midtlle lower point ; this will divide the floor into three parts. Lay the floor on the sides first ; remove both scantlingH and finish middle portion. The troughs are made by placing frame the height, length and width required, outside measurement, where the trough is to be set. The core will be made of inch stuff, V-shaped (see drawing), about a'., inches wide on bottom, and of such size as will leave 2j4 to 3 inches of concrete on each side, top of trough. This core, well water-soaked, must be suspended in place by nailing three strips across to the outside frame, one at each end and one in the middle ; when all is fixed properly, ram concrete firmly but gently around this core, until it is filled smooth and level to top of frame. In a few hours the core and outside frame of two-inch plank may be removed if required for more troughs. The con- crete for this purpose should be mixed of one part cement, one and one half clean sharp sand ; do not get this concrete too wet, as it cannot then be rammed solid. In about two days fill troughs gently with water and keep them so until required for use. SILOS. Concrete silos are beyond question the most durable, cheap- est, and most successful that can be built ; the foundations should not be less than two feet wide, and excavated to good solid ma- terial below frost line ; the walls should be i8 inches thick above footings, and i2 inches at top. The inside top measurement should be at least two inches smaller than the inside bottom measurement ; this insures perfect settling of the ensilage, which is very important. Silos may be built to any height. (See plans. ) A floor ( well rammed) two inches thick will be sufficient. Special care is necessary in placing the upright scantling to keep them solidly in place, so that walls, when finished, are true to lines. Besides having the short Etrips nailed across the walls from outside to inside studding, it is also necessary to put in wires be- low the plank in concrete, and fasten securely, say about every eight feet in height. The door for each silo should extend from bottom to top, and about i6 inches in width. The opening is closed by matched boards driven close together, and covered by tar paper and another layer of boards. A 12-inch plank should be set up in each corner to form the cut-off inside. Do not forget to leave a gutter on the top of the finished wall, to be kept full of water till the plate is put on. It is much better to build a double silo than one large one. The only extra cost is the dividing wall, and the saving m teeditiK the cnHilage \h very Lneat. In the gnble end one door ih Hufflcient, if placed in front of the partition ; the shoot then can be moved to either wide. Build hUoh as early in season as convenient ; they are much stiouKer for first filling. FOUNDATION AND (JKLLAH WALLS FOR DWELLING HOUSES, EITHEH HRKJK OR FRAME. The foregoing instructions will be sufficient for building all structures of this class. Where a perfectly smooth surface is de- sired inside, or outside above ground, float the surface whilst the walls are green with a little fine plaster made with cement. When putting walls under a barn or other building that has been raised, raise the building to the height required, and finish the walls under the sills by raising the outside plank a little above the bottom of the sill and keep the inside pl/tnk s inches below, and drive the concrete from the inside of the building against the outside plank. CISTERNS. Cisterns are best built by using a circular wooden frame ; the circle for top and bottom is usually made from two-inch plank, with two by four scantling as staves nailed to top and bottom of the segments ; these circles, for convenience in handling and to get through the manhole of cistern, are divided into twelve seg- ments—this refers to cistern six feet across. Dig the cistern per- pendicular and true, twelve inches larger than the frame, so as to allow two inches for staves and four inches for concrete walls. Now put frame in place, and ram all around with concrete evenly until finished one inch above the staves ; be sure to ram thoroughly. Across the opening on top, place a two-inch plank, just long enough to catch, say, two inches on each side of frame. Support on each end and middle of this plank with uprights from below. Now place short boards from this plank to side of segments. Should there be any small holes, cover with paper. Now pile sand in a cone shape, and place the cast-iron manhole ring on the top of the cone. Cover the sand before putting on concrete arch with empty paper cement sacks. Now commence and ram the concrete all around against the clay, about eight inches thick ; keep doing so until arch is finished. In about eight days, take CONCRETE CISTERN. '''//// 'r'/}''/V^.y'^77}^.y:')/////;////,';/. . , ■JNiaonis Corner socii oi ^^aii stinwiiig how mmi %i\ Odd wedoes f m i 5i * "■"2 is: q i.'!' ' I,' f !;■ out through manhole all the wooden frame, and plaster the inside with a very thin coat of one part cement and one part fine sand, all over inside. Put on bottom of cistern about one inch thick of two parts sand and one part cement. Be sure to place a few stones or brick on the bottom where the water drops. The inlet and outlet pipes can be placed wheve required. We will be glad to educate one man in every locality just how to build cisterns. Write us and we will go or send a man at any time. CULVERTS AND BRIDGES. Culverts and bridges can be built of ordinary concrete, using wooden centres of the required size, up to six feet span ; for larger arches, the arch stone moulded of 'concrete, and set as cut stone, which work is first-class and cheap. In Europe, as well as in this country, this kind of work is almost universal. 'I ,< f f f POINTERS. i. Mix thoroughly all concrete before using any water. a. Do not use too much water. Concrete made sloppy is very much weakened. 3. All concrete material must be clean and free from earthy matter. 4. Ramming doubles the strength of all concrete. (See Government reports). 5. No stone should come nearer than two inches to either face of walls. 6. In no case must concrete be left unused during noon hour or over night. 7. Keep finished work of all kinds wet. 8. Ram firmly between stone in centre of wall and the plank, so as to have smooth surface on both faces of wall. 9. All concrete walls against embankments must have an outside batter, so that embankment rests on walls, not walls on embankment ; this is a protection against frosts. 10. Do not attempt concrete work in frosty weather, unless you can cover so as to protect it thoroughly. 11. All walls should he finished by October ist, and floors that are put in late should be covered with boards to protect them from the first winter. CAUTION. We again call the attention of our patrons to the folly of using loamy gravel or sand. It is a waste of time and money to attempt any concrete work without proper materials. All finish for fioors must be good, cleariy coarse sand. Fine sand, though clean, must be condemned. N.B. — We do not class our cement with the Water Limes or Hydraulic Cements of the country, but equal to any Portland, either domestic or foreign, for all sorts of farm structures. Our barrel, though not weighing quite so much as a barrel of Portland, contains just as many cubic inches of cement, con- sequently will go just as far as any barrel of Portland. Motice. rr/E ASK OUR PATRONS to kindly read the V V following testimonials, as they give the experience of persons who have used Queenston Cement, as well as the actual cost of concrete structures of every kind : Strongly Endorsed by Hon. John Dryden, Ontario Minister of Agriculture. Isaac Usher & Sons^ Queenston, Ont. Toronto, Dec. i6, 1897. Dear Sirs,— About a year ago I decided to build an additional silo. We at first contemplated building it of wood, but as I pre- ferred a permanent structure, I finally decided to use your cement. Accordingly an order was given, which your company filled in due time. May I be permitted to say that I am rather proud of the outcome. We have constructed a silo about 28 feet high. It is eight sided, so that it has all the advantages of a round silo, but its special advantages are its neatness and dura- bility. It was constructed under the personal superintendence of my foreman, who is, as you know, a graduate of the Ontario Agricultural College. He had no difficulty whatever with your cement, and I am certain that the ordinary farmer would find it easy to use it for very many purposes, which would be decidedly to his advantage. We are now taking out the ensilage, and it is the most perfect I have ever used. We have also used' your cement for the construction of floors in the stable. I find it answers the purpose perfectly. My fore- man also constructed a wall on ore side of our feed room, which was done without difficulty, and - bwers every purpose. Those who desire to use your cement neei» not fear to undertake the ex- periment, especially as I know of your voluntary efforts to give H such instruction and assistance as may be needed. I hotie Shall be able to use a further quantity for similar purposes. we Yours very truly, JNO. DRYDEN. Isaac Usher & So7is : Brownsville, Jan. 3rd, 1896. Gentlemen, — In answer to your enquiry in reference to your Cement, I am glad to say it has proved in everyway satisfactory. As you know, my barns were struck by lightning on May loth, 1894, and entirely consumed. I then buit a new barn, 50 x 80 ft. , using your Queenston Cement in my concrete walls. The foun- dations were 2 ft. deep and i ft. 8 in. in width ; then I built on that the walls 7 ft. high (the walls were 16 inches thick), set on the centre of foundation, finishing 12 inches thick on top to receive sills 10 inches square (the joists were laid on top of sills), mak- ing walls for my stables 7 ft. 10 in. in the clear. The outside face of walls were plumb ; the inside face of walls were battering 4 in. We used, in the foundation and walls, 90 barrels of your Cement. I superintended the construction of the walls personally. I had in my employ four men. We were ten days in building the o feet of wall. We commenced to build on the i8th of June, and finished walls on the 28th. We raised the barn on the 6th of July : a very heavy frame of hardwood timber ; posts 19 feet long (hipped roof). On the 15th of July we commenced hauling in hay, and then grain as fast as we could harvest it until I had at least 200 tons in the barn. The walls stood this great pressure ; there is not the least crack anywhere. I believe I have as good and perfect a wall as it is possible to build, and I am sure it will stand for generations. In October I put in my floor all over the barn, all for cattle manure drops, stalls, etc. In this I used 76 barrels of your Cement, and as a comparative test I used one barrel of Portland Cement. The floors have been in daily use over a year, and I have never been able to see any difference be- tween the Queenston Cement and the Portland Cement. I con- sider I have a perfect floor, that will last more than a lifetime, and at much less cost than plank. No liquid manure is lost, and stables can be kept clean and sweet with less than half the labor with plank floors. We have this year built another barn of the following dimen- sions : 32x56, 9-foot walls from bottom of foundations, with lighter walls 12 inches thick at ground line and 10 inches under the sills, which I consider strong enough for any ordinary barn. We used, in this structure, 50 barrels of your Queenston Cement ; ' ^ 15 and I am satisfied that when your instructions are carried out, one will have perfect work every time . Any further information yourselves or your customers may desire I will write cheerfully at any time. Very truly yours, E. B. BROWN. From F. W. Hodson, Superintendent Farmers' Institutes, Province of Ontaio. Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Dec. 15th, 1897. Messrs. Isaac Usher & Sons, Queenston, Ont. : Gentlemen, — The Cement ordered by me was duly received and has been used to lay a floor in a dairy room, a feed room, a cow stable, and pig pen, and to build a front wall under a large shed. The floor and wall have given excellent satisfaction and were cheaply built. When we first commenced laying floors we employed a mason, but after your son, Mr. Hudson Usher, visited us, we dispensed with the services of the mason, and my partner with the ordinary farm hands did the work. The result was they put in first-floors and built an A i wall. It took three of them 2% days to lay a floor 40x30 ft., together with 40 ft. of wall 2}4 ft. high. A month after building we used the pens and stalls for stock. It is now about three months since they were finished, and they are as hard and smooth as a plate. I have ex- amined a good many walls and floors in various sections of the country which were built with your Cement, and in every case I have found the farmers were well satisfied with the results ob- tained. I think it a very great pity that our forefathers had not known of this material long ago, and had used a material similar to your own, instead of putting in plank floors, which have been an expense and a nuisance to their descendants and a cause of untold loss in the saving of manure. Had they done this the Canadian farmers would have been thousands of dollars better off than they are to-day. From several years' observation among farmers, both as an agricultural newspaper man and as Superin- tendent of Farmers' Institutes, I have come to the opinion that the concrete wall and floor is much to be preferred, for many rea- sons, to the plank floor and the stone wall. Your system of ventilation is a very important subject, and one that should become well known among farmers. Yours very truly, F. W. HODSON. i6 Mr. Robert E. McKinney, of Springfield, Ont, who has built one of the most complete two-story brick residences in Ontario, writes us : — My basement built of your Queenston Cement is absolutely all that can be desired. The walls are dry, true to line, and per- fect in every w;.y — no frost coming through them. The air seems pure all the time. Mj' outside walls, above ground, are stained and penciled to imitate stone, and have a neat appearance. I am sure that the walls built as you direct are the best that can be built, and I think my walls are strong enough to carry a dozen such buildings as mine. In the near future I intend to raise my bams, and put under basement stabling. I will build the walls and floors of your Queenston Cement, and will do all I can for your Cement in this neighborhood. Wishing you every success. Yours truly, ROBT. E. McKINNEY. From A. J. nisCampbell, fl.P.P. for East Simcoe, Isaac Usher & So7is. Gentlemen — In answer to your letter of inquiry as to how I like my stable floor put in of your Queenston Cement, at my farm, near Churchill, Co. Simcoe. They are entirely satisfactory. The size of my stable floors all cemented are 36x60 feet. I used 35 bbls. cement ; cost of labor for putting down the same was |i8.oo ; total cost of floors was I56.50. This does not include the cost of hauling gravel, which is a less cost than putting in sleep- ers and plank, and it seems to me to be practically indestructible. Very truly yours, A. J. MISCAMPBELL. Derwent P. O., Middlesex Co. , Dec. 17th, 1897. Isaac Usher & 80ns, Queenston, Ont. : Dear Sirs, — Five years ago I built walls for my bank barn of Queenston Cement Concrete. My building is 44 ft. wide, iia ft. long ; walls from bottom of foundation to the sills, I2 ft. high. I hauled the gravel and field stone in the winter, and my whole expenditure in the spring, for cement and labor, in building the above mentioned walls, was #196.75, which is less than half what a good stone wall can be built for. I believe it is impossible to build as good a wall as mine of either brick or stone. Two years ago I had occasion to break two door openings through the walls, making box stalls under the approaches to my barn. It was aU 17 most impossible to break the walls down. The gravel cobblestone in the heart of the wall would break much easier than the ce- ment. My walls are absolutely like one solid stone, and they are always dry— no frost or dampness of any kind coming through them. I built my horse stable and cow stable floors both with Portland and Queenaton Cements, and find the Queenston wholly as good as the Portland. There are a great many bank barn walls, silos and house basements, stable floors and hog pen floors built throughout the Township of Dorchester, in which I live, and as far as I have heard, they are all good. I am satisfied that where Queenston Cement is properly used, it is absolutely perfect for all kinds of farm structures. Very truly yours, CHAS, BEATTY From John Mcflillaii, M.P. for Huron. Seaforth, Dec. aoth, 1897. Isaac Usher & 80ns, Queenston, (hit. : Gentlemen,— After having used over 450 barrels of your Queenston Cement, we beg to forward you this letter for publica- tion in your pamphlet, for the especial information and benefit of the farming public. We have built two cement concrete silos 20xao ft. inside, and 30 feet high, in which we have harvested our corn crop, and find everything entirely satisfactory. Taking strength, durability and cost into consideration, the conci-ete silo is unquestionably the best silo for the farmer to build. We built an implement and poultry house 26x54 ft., and 10 ft. high. The walls of this building are 8 in. thick, and cost us for cement and gravel just I41, which is much cheaper than masonry foundation, with frame structures, and enclosed with matched pine lumber. The partition wall separating the poultry from the imple- ments, is just 4 inches thick and absolutely satisfactory. The concrete structure, when properly ventilated, makes a first class poultry house. We have also put concrete floors in our cattle and horse sta- bles, feed rooms, etc., the first cost of which is rather less than a good plank floor, and much more desirable in every way ; they preserve all the liquid manure ; it is a pleasure to work upon them ; and they have the great advantage of being practically permanent. We have built and completed all these structures with Usher's Queenston Cement ; we performed the work under in- i8 arilv intpllio-otif fo««,„ 'cquire any skilled labor, as any ord n- factory in tUe,on^7oZrorl^Jr^:^l """' entirely «„tis- puZg ^^/btkL?"™ ht' T '''"'^' "?'*•'»"'- U^herare rPflli^A fw *u • f "" honest, conscient ous manner THpv JOHN McMillan, m. p., & sons. Both well, Ont., Dec. 8th, 1895. Imae IMer & Sons, Qiieemton Cement M/rs., Queenston. Ont. : GENTLEMEN,-It is with much pleasure I answer vour 2SdS mv nVJ k'T' '"'-i^'''''' of my basement wallsTnd Tors under my new brick residence on my farm here. You promised me If I built my walls and floors of Queenston Cemen? CoTrete that I would have the best and most perfect basement in the township in which I live, and I am glad to say yourZmise ha! ther.?«^r *1^"" ^"^^"'^•. ^^^'^ are smooth a'^irabsffiy dry ! is nure M Z^y^'' ^^ '" '^^^ °" ^'''^ ^«"«- ^he atmosphere 18 pure all the time in my basement. The dimensions of my building are as follows .—Main part is 24x30: wing i6xL feet^ rToms'.^/ .' ^"'?r ^^^'- ^y ^««^«^-' ^« divfded int'o foil- M^^«VofJ ^r^ ^^''^^ concrete partition walls 6 inches thick. Th^. wb± ^^"f/t^P«' walls and floors throughout are concrete Ti/n It r'* ^°' ^^^,°' ^""^ '^^«^^"*' wi*^«'it the gravel, was fi4o.oo. I have seen silos and other walls and floors in this vi- cinity and am happy to tell you they are all good. I am sure over the Dommion, when the use of your QueenLton cement is properly understood. To any one writing me, I w HI gladTy give any further information I can. ^ ^ Wishing you every success, I am, Yours very truly, JOHN SHEPHERD. 19 This 18 a letter which we have received from the Hon. Thos. Ballantyne & Son, importers and breeders of Ayrshire cattle, Neidpath Stock Farm, Stratford, Ont. : Isaac Usher tt Sum : Gentlemen,— We have used your Queenston Cement in all our stable floors and feed mangers, for our cow stables, hog pen floors and troughs, silo and large stock water cistern, and in our opinion the work could not be better. To any one contemplating such work, we will be pleased to show our structure and give them all the information we can. We are, very truly yours, THOS. BALLANTYNE & SON. From Geo. N. Kidd, M.P.P. for Carleton. Isaac Usher A- Sous Carp, Dec. 17th, 1897. Gentlemen,— I have very great pleasure in writing to you that the floors put in my bank barn stabling with your Queenston Cement are first class in every particular. I superintended the work myself after your coming and laying out the floors and showing me how, for which I thank you. I think your plan of going personally and showing the farmers of this province just how to build these walls and floors without the employment of expensive labor, should and will be appreciated by them. I am satisfied that the cement floor does not cost more than plank, sleepers, nails, etc., and if the work is properly done the cement floor should be everlasting. I have put in your system of ventilating, which I believe is a grand thing. Should you see fit to come in the Ottawa Valley, I will introduce you to the farmers in my vicinity, and aid you all I can. Wishing you every success, I am, Very truly yours, G. N. KIDD. W. S. Hawkshaw, Glanworth, Middlesex Co., importer and breeder of Shropshire Sheep, writes us : Isaac Usher & Sons : Gentlemen, — I built walls for my new basement barn, 5i;ft. by 65 ft. ; walls 10 ft. 6 in. high and 12 in, thick. I put in stalls ao for six horseH. The balance of my basement was cemented for cow stables except a portion which I need for sheep which has no cement floor. The total cost of my walls and floo^; was |r84 Jul^T ""^ T\'^'^^ ^^^ ^°'^ «^ h"">>n*f "tone and gravel. I fnn Lh^S" ^eed alleys to get the benefit of your plan of ventila- waUs „n.rflni ^'^^ T^ "'"i'V and I fully believe that concrete walls and floors are cheaper, drier and stronger, and in every way better than either stone or brick. cvciyway Very truly yours, W. S. HAWKSHAW. Kintyre P.O., Elgin Co., Ont, December, 1895. Inaac linker t(- ,fe in answering any letters of in- quiry from the farmers o' 1%,. .ouMry who contemplate building, 31 and would be glad if every fanner in Ontario had as good walls and floors as I have. I remain, dear sirs, Very truly yours, JAMKS FLEMINCJ. Claremont, Jan. i\)th, 1897. Mrm-tt. Tmuv I'xfur tO Sonn, Qii"^-'"'" -tr^^ andX'r^omln labo and I am su.^e that it is impossible to build a brick or stone wal that is as good as my wall in any respect. My building is s^ft liter Tou ' m' • « "^' *M "^^^"^^ ^^'^^' «f ^«"« is about'9 tt. us «v n»rth^ ^J'^'T^l "^"^Z' ^^ y°"^- ^^Pe«se, and helped crJ^trtV. T'^ ?"^ showed me how to mix and ram the con- mo^ wi. fvl''^^ "° ^'^""^^ '" g°^«g «« and finishing the Tston^e w«?l tL ^^n' '"'' '""".' ''I^^ ^* ^ "^«^^ ^^^^ ^««t than about hrrfihJ/il t^"' '*'1-"lt*° ^^ ^^y ^"^ f^««* proof, and only wc^yo V ? ^t *^^k"es« of '^^e usual stone wall. We built the mft in o,^.'S«hf ^fl^'-^^^t'/"^ ^^''' °"^- ^''°P« ^^^^ i" the barn we put in our stable floors of your cement concrete, putting in your peS 'Vha!f bT' ^'^^^ " T^ rP'^' ^"^ I '-^ ««r- Tost pertect. I ha;.e between 30 and 40 head of cattle, besides pies the t^^f '^T '" V 5^"^^^"f • '^^' ^^^ «^^"^« P«r^ and sreefall the time. 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