.%. ^. % iOa^ .^a. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 5^ /. // *4 <;° w- A f/. 1.0 !f I.I :: iiiM IL25 ill 1.4 M 1.6 V <^ /: '<5. V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 V iV .4\^ ■1>^ :\ \ .'''•^ ^ <* I\e Ijonarablr i\\t Mmm of Ifnie, FROSi THK CANAL COMMISSIONERS RESl'ECTINO THE IMHHOVE.NfKNT OF THE INLAND NAYIGATION OK THE DOMINION OF CANADA. U '■' lA). '^-^. ^i CANAL COMMISSION i- 1^ T ^r I : Ti I'M (I Ik jjoiionililf fl,f Srrrfiiiry of Sbtf , l-IMM THI': CANAL COMMISSIONERS KK-iPKi TIN.l Tin-: IMn!MVi:M|.:NT,,|.- THE INLAND NAVIGATfON n|' TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. OTTAWA. 24th FEBRUARY, 1871. I NTlioi Skotcli C'oiiniic Docisioi rjiifriiii'e I Conolus (M)N TENTS M A r \ \ 1) i-K(»i' 1 1. 1-: I. 1 NTHODt'CTloN — I{t'!Usoii why IK. rrpoii ,;,ii I)., iriv.'ii at ])ivs..|it IJ, Skotch of Canals in opi-ralioii and projocted I Coniincrcial aspects of'thf (|ii.>stioii I ... ^^' s Doei8i()ii (.1 Couiiiii.s.sion.M-s .'(nKorninn- foroiroiiHr works I ' V. Eng'ini'eriiig- t'caturcs VI. Conclusion I 1 APPENDICES. 1I(..\ })t'll)l (.r til it;iii '■ iiif •■ tlMl • Cai •■ l)iv: '• sue ■• nlll '■ (.r " coll ■• nil' •■ (>1)1 • th.' •• (.n •■ .'iiii ■• lull •• .'sp •• lirr 1st. 2ll(: '.'>n\ CANAL COMMISSION. T/iyrT Kn Ti> I III Hononihlf fin Sim fill'!/ i)j' IStdfr j'lutiH I lie Cdinil Cniii iiiissioiii'i's, i'is/n'cfiiiL> the liu- prorrmiiil of Ihr lii/iiinl .\'(iriiiui' Id hiy till' I'ollowiim' iiil'onimtioii ))clon. His I'lxccllriK V 111.' (iuvt'Mior (Jcii.'ial in the ix'rroniiiinc." "•r thr (hitics imposed ..n us iiiidi'v th.' i;.>v:il ( "(iiiunissioii, dated I iJlIi \(i\ciiil)er. I sTii. vix : Id ilistituie and iiiiike a ihor.mii'h eii(|uii-v as to the l)Ost '• means ol'all'ordiiiu- siirh access to tlic Sea-lioard as may best l)e •• eidculalcd toattrai I a laiuv and yearly increasinn' sliare of the " tiade ()!' llie Ndrlli Wcstcri. portion of North America throiii-'h •• Canadian waters, ,is well ..• thoroim'h and comprehensive im- •• provemeiit ol' the Canal System of our said Dominion on " such a scale and of such a "character as would hest tend to •• allord anqde lacilities lor the expansion and duo development '• ol' its o'rowiny- trade and commerce : and in such en(|uiry to •• consider the whole sul)ject, in all its heariiiiis as well in a ("oin- '■ nii'rcial as in an eiiuineerini;' point of view, with the ohject of •• ohtainiiiu' such relial)le information thereujion as mav furnish ■• the necessary i/iifii on which to I.ase a plan for the improvement •■ oi the Canal System of our said dominion, of a coini)rehi'nsive '■ chara(-ter. and such as will enahle Canada to comi>ete suceess- •• iully for the transit trade of the <.-reat Western Country, and •• I'spccially to en(|uire into the pul.lic works and imi)rove"nu'nts " hereinailer enumerated, that is to sav ; 1st. 'I'/ir Wrlliuiil ('(iir.il and the eidariicment thereof. 2ud. 77/r SI. Lnin-ciirr Ciniiih ■,\\\<\ the eiilart;-ement thereof. •• "id. 'Ilie (lrri,rni,i'j: '>!' the ('li>,„Hrh ihroii^Ii the /lajiii/a oi' the Il/rrr SI. LiiicrriK-i', ■ I 'I'll,' >/r,i)n,iiiii- i>\' \\n' Miiil /.'/»•»■(• ill ils iii(i'.| sliii"iy />ir/s. ]w ■• IWri'll llli' ('ilirr 111' M,iii/ri,il illl'l (Jiirlff • '>\\\ T'lr liiiliiiH f '(O/'/' illl'l il> llll|>rii\ I'lili'!.! :lli(l l!i • i|i'\ I'lfiji- • iiii';ii 111' I iMilc I iiMiiii^'h iIk' ■"iiiii'', • tllh. 'I'hr nnish-'irlinn (•!' ii Cnni.'iw llh' Siiiili di'Sliv Miil'ii', !».•. •'twi'fii l.iikra Sit/irriiir ;[\\t\ Ihifm/. "Till. Tlic niiis/r"rfitiii i>\' .•! Cif/iil li'lWr II lin' >'/. I.i':r,-nicr \\\ '• ('(iii'j^hiKiii'ii'j,!! iilid l.nh'r I'limnifhii II . •' Sill. 77/'' iiii/iriif'iiiriif III' ill.' /!ii\r llirlnlirti jiud l,iil,r C/nnii- •■ jiliil II jiiii' (>;' ( 'ii iinU " Mill 'I'l'ir r >iiiii/rh'()ii (>{' llli' M(iilf:-',il illlil /.'//,■■ /////•(/// n\ st . 'in c if • ll;i\ i'^';ili'iii rii/ llic ()//iiir,i ;i|l'/, /.iiirrci/cr ;il /v^// I'rr/i'. '• And iilsd Id ciKiuirc ;i> to \\ hicli nl' ilic >:iid s 'Vri'jd woiks ;ind " inipr(tVi'ni!'iit> lii'ri'in!»''r<'!'t' nn'iiiiiiiird ;ind rrl'.'i'i-cd in '• (lll!illt ill till' jlldlilllclll 111' n\\V S;iiil ("oinillissjiilll'l's tn I);' •• nnidi' ;ind cdiisl i udrd ioillii' imrpM-,' nrorcsiiid : mid in '• wlcil (irdiT they rcsiicclivcl y slmnld U" pi-o I'd with ; •' iiiid ol' uiiiit (liiiH'iisioiis iiiiil di'plii- iln'y should l»r con- "^l|•U(•|t'd: lltld till' proliahli' i-nsls ui' the ci ill-t nirt iiill 111' " siirh M'\('i;il works :iiid ini pri'\ I'liii'iils M'spi'd i\ cly." Wi' lllt't ilt ( )lt;l\v:i on till' •2'>\\l ol' till' smili' lUolllll, illld niLl'mi- i/i'd l)v t'lcctiiiL;' lluiih AUmi. l<]s(|uiii'. as our Chainiimi, and prori'cdcd t'orihwith to tin' canicst coiisidi'iMtinn ol' the \iirious iiii jioitaiit siihji'cts lo w liifli our atti'iil ion w a- dirrrti'd. Ilaviiii;' It'arui'd that siii'\i'\s wi'vc in proLiTi'ss uiidci' thi' divt'clion ol'thi' riiMic Works I K'partiiii'iit lor iln' I'lilaiu'iniii'iit ol' the Wi'llaiid Canal, as well as I'or tin' piojioscd ]*,ay VrrU' ("anal, arross lln' IsihuiUs si-i)ai-aliim- tli" Ni-rthuin- Ix'vlaiid Sirails I'l-oni tlu' Way ol I'Uiidy. we i-allrd ui)on till' Chii't I'jiiiiuci'r ol' tin' l)('])artni('iil to siah' w lim his ri'ports on tlu'sr two ANorks wonlil l>r (•onii)li'li'd. and wen' di-- tiiirtlv inroniH'd li\- that oliirri- that it would not ]>,■ p.issjhl,. \\,y W ■' , ili'h. In'- M;ii;i'. !|l'lll III' iiiiihMi ill.' ii!' Mil r I'll 1/ iihiriii -nil! • riill ii'j,- 1 lie 1)111) I'rrfi. works iiiid •I'l'i'i'i'il 111 iicr^ III li ■ (1 : mill ill (I'll with : ll ill' !■( 111- I'lKliiill III' .•iy,' iiiid (iiuiui- •luiiii, ;i!h1 hi' \ai'iiiu> UMilcr llii' rucuiciit dl' iiM'd liiiv Ni'iihuiii- lli'd U|ioii \\ lii'ii his I wi'Vi' (li^- i.issililc liir liiiii III liii\(' ihi'in I'l'iidy uiild iii'iir ilic < !ii>.i' dl' i||i> ciisiiiiiy M'N^idll (if I'iirliillllrllt, 1111(1 till- Mlllli' stati'llli'lll \V;|.>« li'[iiMti>d In IIS ill (iiir siMi.iid iiii.ctiii'j' (111 ilic I'.Mli .[iiiiiKiiy Inst. \V(. rcorri il.ivili!^' In si. lie ||i;il Ulldcr till' illrlllllslilllccs lllc iirccssiiry iiil'iuiiiiiiiiiii ii|iiiii nil tin- ciiniiiciTiii'/ imiiits nl' tin' (■ii(|iiiry rcspcciiiiu' tjn'si' iwd mtv iiiiiinriniit works cniiiidi be l:iid lii'l'dVi' lis ill siilliciciit lime td ciimMc us I'lilly td coiniilv with diir iiislniiiidiis. :iiid ii iliciel'dr.' Iii'ciimi.s m ssnrv t(i d(d'('r making' a ic|idil iiiiiil lln- ri'>ults df iIh'm. surveys' arc availalile. At this stM'J'e (i| llle ill(|Ull\, lldWeMT. eellaiu ill Idriliat idll dl' all iiiiiMirtaiit idiaracter. iieaiiue' lii.tii dii ihe eiiuiiieeriiiL!' and (•Miuiiiercial as[ ts dl' the iii(|uiry, has been dlitaiiu'd, siillieieiil td eiialde us td arrive at sali^laitdrv cdiiejusidiis as td the actual re(|uireiiieiits dl' the trade and Id warrant iis in recdiiiiiieiidiui.- the cdursc of lictidii Id he taken rcsiieetiiu:' the se\cral prd- [xiscd works and culaiLi-eniciits cnuiiieiated m niir instriictidiis, as well as Id sULi'ii'sl the (injer in which thev shduld lie [irii- leeijeil with. All this We think it prdper thus eiirly to lay hcl'drc llle {IdVerillUelll III (inler Id elicit iiirniiiiiiidii ridiii all par':- d' ihc DouiinioHi as Well as ridiii parties ill ihe | niied Stales, dinvtly interested ill our trade, a circular leiier and list nl' (juestidiis relating to our Canal system was prepared, and iijiwards df •J.4it(l copies were despatched wilhiiiit Inss III' time. Copies were sent to every Hoard ol' Trade and Chaiiilier dl' Cdinmerce in Canada, to .. (iur!».'.\ Oliawa. KiiiL;>-i"n, l'»'!ii'vi!l.'. Toronto, 'll-imilton, LoiHloii, Sli-iiU'nr.l. Cu.'!!)!.. Windsor, in Cnna.ln ; iiiitl Chiciiuo, Milwiiuki'... Dell lii. ToI.mIo. and Osw.-Li'o, in \\ir I mted SiMti's"— I'roni Corn A'^soMiilioii- al Monin'al and Toronto— I'rct.u ('ori)oratr Towns and riiMir Merlin-., and Iroin sixt>-lonr in- ,li\n,liials— in idl riu-lil\ s'V.Mi, Thr reply IV.ni the NFMnlreal Hoard of Trade did noi conu' in uiiti! ihe ^'.rd Fid), inst. TIi;'-e ri'ulies when cateii-orieaUy li'iveii were all condiMis'nl and arraiiuvd \>< o'.ir Seerclary's directions under their sev m-uI appropriat"' heads, so as io sho\v at a --hnn e, l):.lh Tor purpose-; of eo:itr:isl and comparison, the ra-i>, opinions and rccoimnen la- lions, contained in the numerous and lenu'lhy c .m.iiunications laid l)ei'oi-e us. Where nol so e'i\-eii, the remarks ii' deemed im- porlant arc aihled a1 the ..ml of the (|ucsl!ons ridaliii'.;' lo each w rlc. These .ahstracts eoiuain smdi a mass of vain ihic inlorma- tion relaiinu' to the commercial aspect oi' the cmiuiry that we , consider ii proper to suhmit them with this letter lorihe informa- tion of the tiovcrnmcnl. Tahles showii-e' the aetual dep: li of water in the principal llarl)oi rs on the Inland Lal-.e^, compiled from oliicial returns, arc also aj)peiided. Tables ordistaiiccs hy water, on ten dili'ereiil routes hetween Iiilaml Lake pons and ,\tlantic sea ports, cominl.'d hy the Secre- tary from the best and latest authorities are likewise appended. These abstracts and tables, toii'cther with the various Surveys, Maps, IMaiis, Iv-ports, Kstimates and Documenls. ndatinu' to the Tanai System ot the Dominion, and to the proje.'ted works ami enlare'cinents eiiunu'raled in the a.'companyine' list, were laul l)(d'ore us at our second meetiiiif in Ottawa on the Isih January last. We now propose to uive a very brief historical skctidi ol tli ■ several canals to \\\\\rh our ailenlion has been directed, describiii'-- their inception, and tli.' i)roeress and (dianuvs in ihein from time to time to adapt them to the evci-incrcasine' demands enu-meerine. features, sliowin-' lii" (died of the proposed improvements niion exisliiie' works, and their probable <'ost ', ToroiiiO, ii;iil;i ; iliul till' I iiited intn - IVo.a [tv-l'iiur iii- ■ 'M.Mitr.'al 1st. ,1'ii- si'V 'val .)U;i)nS('-i of i")UUUi'll l.i- uiiiirntioas h'cnu'd im- iwj: 1() each If iiirornia- iry that we lie iulonua- U' pi'incipal Vftwrns. art' l(>S l)l't\V(MMl ■ till' SciM-t" appi'iult'd. us Surveys, atiiiii' to the works and t, well' laiil ih .laiiuarv kctrh (>r th ' n (lir>'cl(' J, o-cs in tlu'iii iiu' (li'iuaiuls views upiiii ccisioii and the lurtlrT e Doiuiuioii. Ml and pvti- siiowiiit:' Die works, and iriSToKK'Al. SKKTCn OF TIIK CAXALS OF CANADA. 01 the oreat arteries of this Coniineni none surpasses tho 8t Lawrence HI ,h. len.-,h of its nav.uat.on, the volume ot its o n ih h ; "^'l- '*' ''" '"''' '"-"^ "^' "-""trvor which it hn ns the hiiihway ot co„„uunica- -i with the Atlantic Ocean a;ih:r!ul' VrV'^" i.s >en.o,e.. .CCS, hut Irom Fond clu l.^"; .ttJn head ol i.ake .Sup.'rior, to the Straits ofJJelle Isle the entire a, Its volume ,s sw.dled by the waters ol' the a-reat Lakes, and smaller expansions, asw.dlas by numerous tributari..s ol no insi,o.„i|,c.ant size or im])orfance. 15etween Lakes Sui)erior I .t, V, ^';^1='"'- ''"*^veen St. Clair and Frie as the I'etioit; between Lrie and Ontario as the Niajrara. lW.)w Quebec, the bn.adth ofthisina-nilicent river increases n til It IS about one humlred miles at its junction with the wateis ol the Ciull. The iini)ortance of the St. Lawrence navigation has alwavs been lully appreciated by the people of Canada, and larae .sums o public money have b.vn wisely d.votcd toward the iinprove- uient ol its faciliti,.,s, not m.Mvly lor internal and local. l)ut l'>r the ever increasini.' commerce of the Uasin of the Great Lakes Nol ••dv has the channel of the river been deepemnl and otherwi.se improved, but an expensive system of canals eonstructed to over- •••'ine the natural obstructions, and connect the Lakes with tide wa er. Steamer.s. and ships of laro-e tonnaue can now proceed di- octly from the (Hvan to (Quebec and Montreal, a distance of !.H() Ues. l;'rovin- the followino- rout.-s of wa VI I'll t ion : li), l(\ wiiv nf t!i ■ Olljiwii iiiid K'i(lt';ni ( 'jiKils : I II lid l'"i>urlli ( )cciiii. lir liiflicli''U ;iihl l.;il\(' ( 'liMiiipIiiiii ; rii.' Hnis |)'(>r l.nkc (in Capi' liriMou) ;iiivstfiii nl' Cnmls. which (■((iiiiiii'iiccs ill Miiiilic;il, and cnd.s ai llic Inoi of I.akc l']vic. ( )n this route the \voii\s are hncwii as the Laehiiie. the i'.eaiihaniois, ihe ( 'ornwall. the I'arreii's I'oinl. the h'ai)i(h' I'hit. the (lah)]>s, and the W'ldhiiid, and ha\e a Iota! ieiinlh oT 71 inih's, witli a total h)ckaue of ."i."):! feel, ihroiiLili :> i h>eks. Liir/iitii- ('(innl. Alxive (lie city of Moiilical. now the iiead oi' the Ocean naviuatioii ol' the St. {..awrciice, ate the lapids of St. I^ouis, per- hajis better known as tlie Lariiine j>ai)ids- and in (ndei' to siinnoiiiit lliis natufal ol('(>iiis, per- il! oi'der Id e Canal was d ill I'ael its ij' the ( 'ollsli- , wi've taken 1.'), wllell the 11 aid of its n ( io\ cnior- ecessily in a • antliorities : diatidy coni- 'lisned. Not e tile pilhlie, '1' passed I'oi' h a c'a|)ital ol al)orti\(', for ill the 1 lonse the (I()\t'i'ii- as a ( Jovern- ip|>oinled to ITlh .lulv nf sterliiii;', or »n the condi- he I'rovinei' \ hole cost of s in 1Sl>,"). It W illl 1.', feel f the day, Lt,-Colone| I'hiUpoHs, actini;- under the iiistnictioiis of llie l<]url of Durham, reported in I'uvor of an im- IM'oved Canal naviuation, with locks throughout of the .sam»f diiiii'ii.sions as had ben adopted for the Cornwall Camil, viz.: lino feet in leiiiith by ;,.-, in breadth, and !• feel of water on the sills. Colonel rhillpotts also j.roposed a new line for the J.aehine Canal, and estimated the total cost of the suu-^ested improvements at !:i;l,.".7!',7-_'0. After mature deliberation, however, as to the exiticneicK of the Lake trade, then in il.s infancy, it was decided to retain the old location ol the Canal, and t(") enlari^v it to l'OO feet l)y 4.") feet lor the locks, with H feet of water on t~he sills; ji width of eanal SO feet at bottom, ami ll'O feet at water surface, (he leiiuth rejiiainini-- as belore seniles. Duriny- the alteration' navi<--ation was not discontinued, for the lunv locks were cou- slrucled by the side of the old ones. In isf J, in the course of the pro>rress of the improvements, it was decided, at the earnest solicitation ol' the mercantih.' com- munity of Montreal, to deepen locks 1 and 2 to 1(1 feet of water on tlu" sills, so as to admit the larii'cst sea-goiiiii' vesstds then tradinu' to Montreal, into the lirst ba.sin oi' the Ca'iud. In the si)iiim- of I sis, the works were suiiii.-ieiitlv enlaru'cd to admit the passauv of craft. It was not, however, till the month ol' May ISiii', that the Canal was excavated to its full width, a very ex- pensive undertakinii-, as th<> cuttin<,>' is throudi the silurian lime stone for some distance iidand. The present CaiuU is of the followinfr dimensions: If'"-^^^}; Si Mile8. JNo. ol Locks .-, ])inu'nsions of Jjocks 200x4') I'eet. Total rise of Ijoi'kaye .. 44. j [\,qi Depth ol'AValer on Sills— At 2 locks 1,; I. At;! " !!...!''"!!!!! !» Breadth ol Canal at bott«m so "Water Surface 120 o;,'"^!!- -!yl'!;i- """^^ "^' '*''" ''■"■'^ "I^ ^« -^"'y ^«t. l^<'^ was p„|,H.. Work ^-.•lS(,.i-)2.S.>, HiiNiit fur i.«c:. ll' Hraiilninitiis ( 'aiitil Ihr J.o.uihMniois Canal was .1,," in.'vital.l.. ,s..,,u,.iuv ol'ih,- '""»;; ';v..n.onu. th. K'Mpid.s ..all,.,l .h. M^.s^ados/' ( V d ■ Hud ^ ( o .an, occupying altoovthrr a , 7^^^ "l *''' •^^'"•<^";^i^'« »'■ '>'^«i'H'- demanded, hut I.v th!: \e.ir IS.].,. Ju' (juestion became of such pressino- importance" that he (.overn.nent of Lower Canada ap,.ointed (%>n miss one?' o consider all matters relatii.o. to the n;uio.ation of the St I fw enee between i.ach.ne .nd Cornwall. Mr. Mills, tlu- \^.^Zr ot the Commissioners, submitted several plans based on the di niensions adopted for the Cornwall Canal, and his re o was referred to a special Committee of the House, who an, ved f ..and recommended a ^rant of *l.,iu,0.,., towards J rv <'• ou 1 lecommendations. which proposed, as the best pla sh canals at the three rapids, and Usin- the river between them. othcis. iiom Mr. A.Stevenson m 1,S:J4, and Messrs. Stevenson .V Laird lulSji., o equally little purpose, hi l,s:{:. Colo lel ' li 11- po ts, before referred to, recommended a canal on the nor h e of the river, for military rea.soiis. thou^-h he ack.unv 1 1 I , o tTeTs' ^'^ '' '^'"' ''™'"'^'" """ ^*" ^'- «-^t'> side w u The first decisive action on the part of th.. Legislature In tho uiiiier of February 1S42. the Chief l-h.o-ineer of the Hoard of \yorks, renorted in favor of a Canal on th ' Soi th lu chie iy uu the .rounds that it would be .shorler, above ad ,: pendent of all water courses, uninfluenced In- the ( )ttaw wa trs a Id consequently navigated two or three weeks lonoM .v. ; eason than the one pr..pose,l on the North shore. Tl le uest on as to the best route for the Canal, then became a .natter ,l', l;} oquciicc (•!' 111,, ilioii, iiiul wii.s ^■s.' ••('..,l,ir,- 7 lililcs, ;illd to St. l-'l;ilici,s. snimuiiic com- wi'uld iiiiil<(' >i't canals yiivc pas.siiiu' IVoiM iiior iiiiprovc- •e iiaviiiiitioii, d, hut l)y the ipovtanci- that 'oiiimissiouer.s ■ th(' St. I.aw- tlic l']ii})ort was apj)r()vt>d ol' currying- out t plan. sh((rt 'tMl thtMU. s I'oJlowcd hv Stevenson (.\: 'olonei Phill- le north .side unvJeduvd at 1 side would slaturc, suh- u the inenio- 41, after the inmendiitioii i-ructioii ol' a lade by Mr, .'' noitii side ineer oj' tli,> ■^outh .shoi'e, e and inde- awa waters, >iiger every he (|uestion r of earnest discussion helore a Committee of Parliament, hut it was not until the summer ol' lS4i'. that the contracts were entered into lor construction nn-arly on the route proposed by Mr. .Steveu.son in 18.'i4. liy iheclose ornaviiiatii.ii in 1 84.'), the Canal was opened, but it was then found tliat its upper .'ut ranee was imi)erl'ect, its channel • ■rooked, aiulnot sullicieutiy deei)in dry wi'ather and impeded by cross cuirents; otlier diliiculties also jjresented themselves, and in the coui'se ol'ycars. up to a very recent date, dams, reuulatinu weirs and dykes ha\e Ixm-u erected at laru'e (!Xi)ens(> to the country in order to o'ive th(> recjuisite facilities to lh<' li'ade ])as.'!iii of Dickinson's l-iandinu', on the North shore of the river, to overcome the ob- structions known as the Lonu' Sault Kapids. From the sketches already dven of th(> other Canals, it will be seen that this work was actuaJly the first in the series constructed on the present scale, and that its dimensions was the standard for the others. As iar back as the year IMIT, the Covernor of I'pper Canada, in his speech at the openiim' of the Legislature, called the serious attention of Parlianu'nt to the important question of the naviga- tion below Prescott. In 181S, a Joint commission was appointed by the (.royernment of Lower and Upper Canada, and reported in I'avor of improvement between Montreal and Jiachine, between the head of Lake St. Louis and Lake St. Francis, and also at the rapids above l.,ake St. l-'rancis. They recommended the con- sliuctioii of Canals, of a limited (•a])acit v— not more than lour A|ip'ni||\ A Apipciifli.i A. M feet deep— but no (Icfinito loffislative Mclioii tooI< phxr,' on the subject until Ih-ccnib.T is^ii. ulu-ii a K'^port was I.iid b.>luiv larhainoiit by thi! (J-overnor, .slicwini.- ihc Icimtli ol' tli.' i)ropo(st'd .(auals b.-twoon Lakes Ontario and Si. Kiancis, and tlicir proba- ble cost The <|U(>stK)n, how.'v.-r, remained in abevaiic.> until l^":iS(i.(Mi(i for the improvenieni ot the miviti'ation of the St. Lawrence, so as i., iidmii vessels drawiui"- !• leet water, and reeomnieiidinn' tht '•' admil vessels le immediate com- mencement ol sucli unproveim-nf bet weeii Cornw all ami the head ot the Loui.- Sault J^api.ls. ( ),„■ ol the stipulalioi.s of the Act was the complelion of the Cornwall Canal heloie aiiv ol' the other proposed works, leadin- to Lake ( )ntario. should I.,: under- taken. In IHS'S, aComnussion was appointed i;.r the nurpos,. ,,t carryuicv out the provisions of the An, and .Mr. licnjamin Wri-du was employed as engineer with authoritv Irom tli<' (b ol Lower Caiuuhi to make the survey of the scale commensurate in all resjx'cts with those rrovince. IK' vio\ernment lowci' Canals, on a the r|>l>er I'lil.li,. Works Hi'l >>!■[ IHi) I'. N A\ithout s'onio- into unneeessarv details, it will be sulheient to mention that the Lnoii,e,.rs determuuHl .>n Lo,,ks .-,;. leet wide -no leet long between the gates, with '.• leet depth olwaleron the' mitre sdl ; CanallOO leet wide at bottom, t(. admit the pas.sa-v of steam boats; these would allow the passa-e of ves.sel.s IT.", p, ISO leet long. That, for the i.niu'ovemenls j.ropo.sed at th.' lour several places above the Lon- Sault, where vessels would onlv iise the Canals when -..inu- np. and run the rapids when -voin;. down, the breadth of the Canals shonhl be ..nlv .".o ifet a^i bottom. • ' < ' "II The suggestions of the I'n-ineers were adopted bv tin. I - islature, and Commi.s.sioners weiv sid,,se,,ne,dlv 'appointed o superintend the works. The services of Messrs. "wi'd ^ u Stl^r '7T^ '" ^n^no.r.. as well as those of Cap! taui Cole, K.K., and .Messrs. Cieddes and 1-lemin.v In |,s:i4 the work was put under contract, an.l I he tirst .so,l ent with consid- erable ceremo.iy by the late Sir .lohn lleverly K'obin.son The rebellion, as well as llnancial causes, reiarde.l the <.om- plet.on (d the work lor some years. The passage ..(•, steamer, in December, 1S42, throno.h the locks, wa.^ the "as m o some ceremony, but it was not until the month of .lun 84^ that the work was lormally opened. Since the comi.letion of th.' work>. several improvements have been authon.ed for the p.trpose of increasn '' 1 e , l ^l^c^:;rir;r"^ """'; !'"''^'r ^'^ vessels passn.gd.;!:,^ vear. il< l)lac.' oil the >t I 111' jiropost'd (1 ihcir j)i'ol)ii- il»(>yiiiic(> until "jiiiada |)assi'(l ' illl])l()vclllclll admit vcs.si'ls niM'diutt' coiii- iwall and the lalioii.s ol' (he ofi' any ol' the >uld he uiidiT- tht' i)ur|)<)S(' (if i.jaiuiii \\'i'iu'lit ' («(l\ ClIIUH'Ilt ■ < 'aiials. oil a |»I the l'])))!'!' 1 be sniriciciit ^ •")•') Icct wide, i'watcroii till' t thi' passa'.ri' Vl'SM'ls IT.') til 'd at tlic loui' ■i Avmild oiih wlii'ii Lioiuii' iv .")() i'ct't at 1 l)y the l.oi.'- y appoiiiti'd •M's. Wrio-hi llOM' ol' Vi\p- lii 1n:U the with cou.sid- soii. led tli(> coiii- ! ol' the first he occa.sioii Millie, ]S4.^, il>i<)veiU('nts r (lie d("j)lh iig through e I'ollowiii''- 15 '^P"2:th 11.1 Statute Miles No. of Locks 7 ^*'""'''^it»'»^ lion f,.,>t •;-).-) fee 1 Total rise f)l' Lockage 4,s •■ ])e])th of water on Sills ;i •< Jirt'udth of Canal at IJottoiii IDO >• " " water surfaee.. loO •• Cost to July 1st, ISCT, §l,93a.l.'»:.'.(ili 'J'lir l\'i//iiniis/)/tr^- ('duals. ,.,.,,. ^^'^ ^^"^■•' "..wconiolo that .series of Canals known a.s the Apponaix a \ iHiaiiLshurL;', viz: 1 he Farran's Point, Jiapide I'lat. and dalops Canals. Th.' Farran'.s Poiiu Canal extends from the loot to the head ol the rapids m that locality, on the north side of the river, and IS only used, as a rule, by vessels coining' up the river. liefore the question of the Cornwall Canal was mooted the • •onstruction ol the work had been diseii.s.sed, and some surveys made ol the place ; but it was not until four vears after the L'nion l>-lween I pper and Lower Canada, that the work was actually eonnueneed. fhe Canal was coi pleted lor (raliie I)v October i'S47. ■ ' The Kapide Plat Canal, the second of the .series, extends on the North Shore from Morrisburg- to th(> hi^ad of th.^ swift cur- ii'iit and has l),.eii rendered lUMvssary bv the K»apids from which It takes Us name. Several K'eports were made respecting this work previous to the Union, but it was not until 1S4:5 (hat the necessary surveys were made The works were commenied in the Sprin--' of the ensuin«<' year. = The CJalops Canal was constructed to avoid th(> Rapids at i i>in(.^ aux lr(.(iuois. Point Cardinal, and the (ialops, and is afso I'll the iNorth .si.l,. of (he St, Lawrenee. Mr. Eenjamin Wright, as early as 18.;i:J, recommended the construction of Canals to avoid these obstructions, and Colonel T'hillpotts subseciuently approved of his plan which was not. how.'ver, carried out. lii 1>!4:;. the Do.ird of Works of the Inited Provinees prepared a te . i";V^''"''""'^ ''''^ •■'"•'•''••' i">"""li"*<'lv int.. HH..t •noKl th,. Ir.Mjuo.s l,'a,,Hl., th. us,. „r (h,. wat.T.s ol' th,. St L.w- '■iH'H l.,r a . istann. of -^ niil.s. .,,(1 th... th,- ro„.s(,u.,io, ,t ion; V ih'n '"'7,^'^^'""^ '""- ^'='1*>1- <'-"! Ha,.id>, li „; h' .1 rs47 , r" '""'"^ ^v..>vo,„.n,..l lu tl„. i,„l,l„.,n S-i,;.....!...,- M I 1. .. Ht .I,.,„h Ml wal,.,- lo,- V...S.S..1S a.sn..„li„o, a,.,l it u a. il...,v- '<'>^' 1-u-icl ........ssa.T to .■o,„.,.ct that w..,k with th. (!al„,>s. 'l-he Im.ctiu., (i.nal th.. namoolth,. r,.,.t,-al s.-rtio,, lo, a t m,., uas In.allv .■(..,.i,l..i...l „. Is:,,;, ,„a ,i„. ,,„•,... works a,v now known u.uh.,- th.. o>„. .h.signati.m ot th. (iaiops Canal. sen.!''-- '''•"'"'''""' '•'''' ^'^" 'sions of the Willian.shn.- Farrtn/'s Point. Lt'iiotli ol' Canal . ■, v, , ,^c 1 „ 1 f iniJi'. iVf). ol l^oc'ks , Dimensions ,^,-... .. . . . ,, 1 oiai use ol Lockaue i ,. I>e])th ol' water on Siils. .'.'..'". ,, .. lireiulth of Canal at bottom ..!!.."..!""!'."..' .lo - water siirlacM. jio .. Thr till pi (If Pl/il, l^tMioth of Canal , ■, \T„,>,i ,„ (.1 1 4 miles, iNumberot Locks ., Dimensions .,," .... Total rise of Loeka-e.. " iV'\ ' Depth or water on Sills.. ;;;:;;;;:;;;:: ;,-'.'''• Breadth of Canal at bottom ,-,o J5readth at surfae(( of water '!'!!.!!..!!!.!! '.o Tlif (•'(//ops. Lene-th of Canal -, ., Number of Locks ^'.'^'.\ZZ'. .'.'.'.'.. '.Z' '/ ' Dimensions of locks .. .>,u) " i- r < I otal rise ol lockaii-e ^-.j Depth of water on sills "......!!!!"!! «')' lireadth of canal at bottom ........!!. ,-,,( at surface of water Ho Total cost of these works to July ]si. Is.iT.was *l.:;:2(Mi.-i,-,..-,4. t 17 tcly into clU'ct. • M' miles loll;;- |o of llic St. l.ilW- I'oiislniciioii ot Kai''*'"- -I iiiilcs lie ill Scpii'iiiln'r 'iiii.il li;ul not a I'll ii w as ihcic- ln' ( lalops. ■al siM'tioii lor a works are now 'anal. Williiinishnr"' i mile. 1 I'eot X 4.) I'et't. 4 • <) •• •• •• 4 miles. (»x4.j feet. Ii I'cet. J i tniles. ^;4o leet. Jll,;320,ti.-)o.,)4. T/ir Wrlhin.l ('n»n/. Alter leavino. the •'( Julops" we have to travel a Uistanco of 2U mile.s, partly l.y the river, l,u, ehiellv l.v Lake Out, nu ''';'.;;'" TVv\^';r- ""■ "■-' -p-tan. part oi («; U ami l.iils ol the Niai^'ara Ifiver. The earlv lu.storv of this work ::^::,'^\'" :^T'''^'T ^"'"'"'"•' "^ -nuneneement, a, 1 Tis m, fh„ had MO, the puMie men of ('ana alive o th^ nnportanee „f the interests invohe.l in s em ^ .. . t WOUIU I.e unpossil.le within the limits proj.ose.l for this keteh to ,.,ve anything- like a full historv of the .IhstMel's , "M|.edewover' Ul ed rom t .,s step and we ,lo not a..,,in hear of the project unt vo >ears later, when a Committee of the House reported fa o • bl v ;;.. a j,et,t,on from the people of Niauara (old Xewark J.d ttl' «.'. t.'d the lormat.on ol a Committee to carrv out the work In .S-l a ( ommission was appointed to consider the snhjeet ol Inland Navin-aiion. ami it reported in l.s-i in i^vour of eo m rt V ''r ^^'^^ navmat.no. the lakes. The result of this p t ^Ms the uieorporatK.n of a private eompanv, on the he v'n ]r- YT"" '""^ "'^''''- "^ 1'^-^- ^"'^l''>- '1 *' title o' eees ;; '"'•' ^ :""1'''">- ^^''^^ Proposed to estahlish the Th 7 f .r/'T"'''''''"''''' ''>V'»"''»^ <>'• a Canal atul Jiailwav I ».\ mtende.l runnino. up ,he natural waters of the Welland hmo.);",'; .l?i V'"';'^''"- 'I'V '/>wnshipof Thorold. tunnelling Ui.li the hio.h rid-e ol land about a mile and a half, and then 1 e.Hhno. directly by a canal to the brow of the hio-h land • he . u way was to descend the hi.h land, a.ul conn.^.t by means .1 n.,ther cana with the navio-able waters of Twelve Mile ,,,.,'/" r T^ !'"' '••'^I""'''<^ ^S'i-«'«s to Lake Ontario. The .1 portion was t,. be of capacity sulHcient to accommodate lH)ats ol not l.vss than 40 tons burden. t'.ke,r;'I'evei?'''''i? ^'''•".'■^'"^^^- ^'^■■^-^T'^ "nide, and other steps t..| el excite public opinion m fa- of th.- undert .'ino- • but '•"t stated m an ofh.Mal document, that at the ceremony of A|>|i|.l|,|lT .\, |H l)n'iikiim' tiic -rouiid, .•!! lln- :\\ .'inln'r is-_'!; ii)tli;ilrii (lozou ofiitl.'iiifii (.r ciipiiiil (.!• iii!lii..iir,. ill ||„. di.slric; .iiiciKl.'d'. liy ISlV), the loriii.T s.Immii.' was cuiisidi.ivd (.l.j..(ii,Miald.-, and a iifw OIK" aili.pt.'d lor ilie admission ,,\' schooiifVs and sioojis. 1|, was di'tcnniii.'d In liav." ll iiln it ih,. moiilli ol'th,- tw.dvf mile creek or I'oil Dadioiisii'. and the upprr Iciininus at llic Widliind K'ivei', IVolil w hrur,. lllr Mipply of WahT loi ill., raiial was <(» l.cd lawn, ll was also coniciiipiati'd, at an cailv da v. lo • •stalilish acoinuiiinicalion Lclwccii lli.- Wrjlan.l l.'ivrr and "liakf I'lric. so as to avoid thi' imp.-diim'iils to iiaviiiMtion hidow |-"ort I'.ric It was propiisi'd lo have wooden lorks IK) i;.,.t in Imyth l>y I'l.' I't'i't in hivadlh, the .toss section with I'l; leel at Ixittoni and .V^ leet at tlii' sin lace of the water, exce])! tiiroimli the deep ciil. which was lo he only 1.". leet wi(h- at hottoni IWr two miles ihe depth (d' water was to he s Irel. Ill the Suimner of isi':, the Coinpanv set to work lo carrv out their project with an ostensihle (•a|)itai' of s,silii,0()0 and iheiV history tiienc.dorth was one of linaneial eniharrassinent, in ISlid they ohlai'ied a loan of slOO.dOO lor three Ncars IVoni the Ipper Canadian (i )verniiient, and a promise of a coii- tnl)Ulioii ol one iiinih or Ih.. esiiniated .'ost Iroi.i the Imperial (roverninent on certaiii <'(.ndilions— the hxdvs t(. he 22 feet wide and all i)r()|).'rty ol' that ( ioveriimenl to pass free In ls->T tli(. (Jovernmeiit ..r Ipper Canada look stock in the undertakiii"' t.. the amount .d' sfJOo.ooii. and ih,. ( lovernment ol Lower Canada to the extent ol' s|(I(|,(mi(». The Imperial authorities <.a\ e a .naiit ol VKm acres ol" land in the vicinilv of the Canal, and sTihse- (luenlly u'ave a loan o.' s;2(to.()(iO lor ten vears at -I per c.-iit in- l.'rest In ISi's, a slide of earth occurred' in the .'xcavation of the Deej) Cut and added liivatlv lo the eml.arrassniciits works with considerahle eiicro'v lor water was let into the Canal in th." Tall ..f 1S2!1. aiulin The month ol Novemher. exactly live vears alter ll... tim.. the works Had been commencd. two ScluMmers, on,, of s.', tons hurthen lh».oth..r ol .smaller siz... as, en 1...1 the Canal from Lake Ontari.'. to the \\ ..Hand river. Then th.. Companv. haviiiu- accomi.lish..d so much, thouu^ht It an opj.ortun,. time to seek I'urtln.r aid Irom the (rovernm.Mit, lor the purpose of .•arrvin- out th.. work I.. fomph.tion. They pravd th.. L,.oisl;,tiuv t(. urani sjooiiuo and to allow them to increas,. th.. Cajufal Stock to $1.2(10.000 ■ ami alter considerahl.. discussion, the vol.- i^i lavor of the project was carri.'d by v..ry narrow majoriti..s. Sul)s,.,|uenflv the Company proposed (o ,.xt..nd the main lin,. of Cana'l over th.. Welhuul riv..r to I'ort Colhoriie (CJra\.dlv Hav) hv ,.n- ari-'ino. alxnit r> mil.'s of the feeder and excavatini-' a jii.w ('anal lor the remainini^' distance to the Ilav. ]y ^•2\: i; .1 hiiHn slrii'! ;illt'ii(li'(!, iinintMf, and a IIIUI s'(HI|),S, Ii, 'i dl' the t wclvf iiiiiiius III ilic T III] I he caiiiil I curly dny. lo »i\i'i' iiiul Lake 1)11 lii'ldW I-'orl ' I'l'i't ill li'iiLiili i li'cl at hottoiii •mull the (liM-p lor two mill's work to canv ii.niKt and lliciV iiicni. • r three \ears liaise ol a I'oii- .1 the Imperial le L'2 feet wide iM'c. In IN-JT. le nnd('rtakint>' Lower Canada s u'a\ e a i^-raiit lal, and suhse- 4 i)er cent in- exca\atioii ol' -siiieiits ol' the diaiid river as lid K'i\-er as a ■lalile ener<4'V, -!', and in the liie the Works tons Inirtheii, Lake ( )iilari(( accoiiij)iished tlier aid Iriiiii the work lo rant $!<)(),()()() ,o $1.L'0(I.OOO; favor of the Siil)se(jiieiitlv me of ('anal I'.ay) by eii- ii new ('anal In 'f^; '.<•»"' *i<>v.'imm.'iit approved ofthisproieet and L'rnntPd u loan o .^JMO.o.m f.,r the eo.Mpletmn of ,he work w h i h wa ,»- mediately ..ommeneed, and completed m !..;{.{. Vt th s t m he anal oeeupied nearly the same site as the present one In t' h i locks were ol small .luiiensioiis anut as the work was .nadc" the a.puMuct should also be rebuilt with stone, thlte "Oder should 1... converted into a uavi^.ible Canal • tlia h ha ' .orsol Port .alhousie and Port Colbonie should be imptve ■ ha the two lirst lucks at Port Dalhousie, and the one t Pot' ( <.lborue sh,.ul,l be 200 x 4:. f.et, ;vitl. !• f^et of wat -r n th siHs ;;>"; fnially that the Port Maitland branch should be u do taken .u.d completed with an ei,tra.i,.e Lock from Lake Erie 200 x 4 l.-et with !l teet depth. Ile.uvforth the progress in the i nnrove u"d Ihe r " d'" "r ??--^^-"y -u/suJ^esslun^tnr ^L until the Canal reached its pre.seiit condition, of whi.'h the fnl Jowins>- statistics will afibrd a ueneral idea: ft^ W ^ -~ ?• fit ^^ - X. /. --A ■Ti If "c "5 S ^ ?j - c - £ - •1'" ■Ti L-> ^ . -*-» "S .*? i .^ ^::> ^•M 5 \) ci o ■ '^ s r-T "^ ^^ * -iw ^^ f3 ■-5 -5 y. 1^ II 1- ._ ^ o ■/' ~ o7 c —--*-- X : '71 : i~ : 7. ■I. 71 ■— ST c liinliii>j.l(>>i Hi,/ ( 'mini. AmoiIi.t worl. wlurhnmy !,.■ rouM.l.Me.l t.. lonn n n.irl of the N. I.M\vr..|,r.. i.aviM.atinM, is il„. Iliirliiiiriui, Ihv ("anal whi.-b .•i.al.lr.s \,.,s>..|s t.. iva.h II... Ciiv (.r llaiiiili.,!, noi.i ih.. La'k.- It .sMnji.lvaiK.iH.Mrut a.T...vsasni.| l.ar at th.M.Mtiai.r,. of I!,,,- .n.oM l.ay; ,t ,s half a „ul,. In,.,, „ ilh an ar-raov hn-a-llh of • l";|'tl>H\v.M.|. I'l.Ms, a,,,! isnaMual,!,. lor v,.ss..l,s dnnvin- T' '"■'." ;^"'"'-. /'" 'l'>- I'.'ll- Ma,vl.. Is-J.;. a l!ill wus ,,as,s..,l i.rth." h.'-.siaimvnl I i.|M.,( an;,,!;, a.iil.oHzinoth.. n,n.sln..tmn „r llu.s work, whirl, uasru,M,,l.,...l l.y Is.';- AIi.t tl„. lui..,,. ,h.. work wa. ..1, aruo.! a,..l utl,..rwi,s.. „.,,,r..\ ..,1. Th- a,„ou„i f-xi...,,. '..I Til.' CaHudiaii sy..tri„ ..l' Canals .•o,„„.rliuo. ,1... Lak-s uifh h- N. Lawro,,,... ..M,ls with ih. \V..|Ia,Hl. At Hault St... Muri.. liow,.v..r, tl... A,i,..rira„. hav.. .•..„.stnict,.,| a ('u„al a ,i,il.. and """ ■^'■^•"", "•'', '" '""^'1'- with l.x'ks ..apal.!.. ,.r allowin.r)h,. l.as>auv .,1 v...s.s..|s .,t lijKK, t..„s. I„ this uav tl... tra.l.. of Lak.. .NuM'rior l.u.ls its uull,.t t., jJuilalo and oth.-r" ports o„ Lak.- I'lri.. 111.- AiiUM-R-ans hav.' also ii„i,n.v...l tl,.. na\ it-ati.... throu-h Lak.^ ...oruv and (.v..rth.. St. Clair Klals T.. this sul.,V..t, h.-w.-vor. w.. shall n.|(.r a( yrcal.'r l.-iii;th ..ls..wh..n.. Till': OTTAW \ AM) l(il)|;Af IJOI'TK. W.. shall n.'xt r..r,.r to ll... ,s..c.,nd i)art ol' tl... Ca„al Svsten. •I (anadaviz.. tl... \v,,rkN h.^tw,...,, ( Ktaxva and Mont.val. and •<'l\v.'..n Ottawa and Kinosio,,. whirl, n.av now 1... .•onsjd. .,•,..! ao '•'•'d.-r.s to ll,.' irad.. olth.' St. Lawri'iice. ' 1" 'I'V Aniiual R..i.orls.,rth.. |)..i>artni(.nt of Public Works I h(>hn..o| nayin-atioi, whi.di th.'.so Canals la.'ilitat.. is m von as I Uw -Monttval and Ki„osto„ ri„ Ottawa and Kid.'an Canals " I lh..s,. u,,als are call..port..(l upon bv Colonel Duvenu.t. K E but \ariouscaus,.seontribut..d t.) pr,.v..nt th.. .•ouini..ne..,nent of th.- woil- unttl th.. isth May. Is^o, l,v th.' Hoard of Works Uv th.- '■■Hi oi . un... 1S4;J. boats w.'iv abl.' t.. pass through the Canal, and I Uie work vras e.>n,pl..t,.d linallv in the Autumn of th.. .same var Mucethat y..ar, various iinproveni.'nts have been made in the work, and now th,. C;,„al has tl... U llowin- dimensions ■ J^iMiffth Number ol' Locks Dimeiisioii.s 'I'otal rise of Lork.iii'i'. i luilc. 1 1!H» v:.-,4 |;.et. ])ei)lli of Wiit.-r oil sills * '' ^^ •""' water. /v>.f. 11, , .- /" iit ordiiiarv hiii'h water, lost 10 July 1st, isd, .si;u;4:)t;..-)i Next in order eome the Ordnance or Mil Military Canals, known e as the Carillon the Chute a Hlondcau. U.e Cin^n^merand U.e Kideau. 1 he Carillon is distant l'T miles from >si,. Anne and was constructed on the north sido of the Ottawa K'iver, to avoid quenth completed under the dire.Mion of the " Koval Stall' ^-orps. and at the expense of ih,. liritish (iovernmeni " Its di- mensions are now : ■■ downwards. i>l feet. -i miles. ;. \ two risiiiii', TV • T ■,. , , / one fallintr JJimensions Lilt Look No. 1 ]-2x >; .Sl'.i feet ^ ;■ , ■' " ^'> ^ ^2(>\x-m •• ' (ruard Lock No. ;) l-t),Vx 82' " Total Lockacre ;j4.i \ -1 i' upwards Depth of Water on the Sills Ijreadthof Canal at J5ottom ...!..".... Hi) iit Surface ,->(> " Cost to July 1st, ISOT, of '■Carillon," (Jrenville and Chute a Klondeau #6:lOo8.(;4 The Chute A Hlondeau lies on the north side of the river our miles above (_ arillon, and is constructed throu-h solid rock to avoid the rapids trom which it takes its name. ^ Jt was al.so desioned at the same time, as the Carillon, bv the Koval Stalf t orps, and may be describetl as follows : Mil. feet at upper end ■' at lower end F^ength of Canal ; Number of Locks i l)imensioii,s 1.'30' > :\-2 I otal rise of Lockage... :i'j feet Depth of water on Sills U 15readth of Canal at bot- tom ;]() Hreadth of Camilat sur- face ;j() u The Orenville follows the Chfde a Hlondeau, 1 ■' miles further up. and lies also on the north side of the river, with th.. object „f i luilc. 1 >> water. iiarv hiii'h wator, i:u;4.-)t ;..-)! ("una lis, known Mnillc, and the ;St(>. Anne, ami I liiver, to avoid <^'■K and .su})se- K' '■ Royal Stair •nnit^nl. Its di- lies wo nsm <»' me t'allintr. V2l leet. 1-2}, i2j i^ '■il upwi ird ,s. :5 ;'t. di)\\i IWl ii'ds .(14 lo of the river, )Uirh (solid rock t'. It was also the J^)val Stall' )I)er end iwer end J! miles further h the ohjeet of surmountino- the rapids known as the Long Sault. Its history is that of the two prt>viously mentioned works. So far as the records yo to show, th(! (Jrenville was the last work comi)leted ; but the lirst passage throuii'h all of I hem was not made until the latter part of Ajiril. 1S34. when the steamer St. Andrew's i)assed through them. The projMirtions of the (ir.'nville Canal are as follows: Length of Canal ,', ^ miles. Number of Locks 7 Dimensions of Jiocks — Lift Look No. a i ^,^j,^^^i,j^j \ LS0Sx.32Ueet No. (i\ '-o"!""!^^ I 128.^x321 " No. 7 / .. \ l^S" x3L '• No. S \ / ]0S y;>2^^ u No. !• ' 107^x1!) " No. 10 10tj;xl9i " Guard Lock No. n 107(1x19/^, " Total rise of Locka<>'e 45 f feet. " Depth of water on Sills oi " Breadth of Canal at bottom 20 to 80 feet. surface of water 2.5 to 60 " The Rideau Canal extends from Ottawa City to Kingston, and makes the Rideau and Cataraqui navigation available for (•ral't of a certain depth of water, for a distance of 12G| miles. The necessity I'or the constrxxction of such works was seen during the war of 1812, and in the year 181.'), Captain .lebb, of the lioyal Engineers, was sent by "the Military authorities to examine into the practicability of finding a satisfactory route. This gentleman reported favorably on the project, but no deci- sive action was then taken in reference to it by the Imperial (Jovernment. In 1824, they oH'ered a loan of $:}40,t;(jt!. 07 towards the construction of the Can.d, and Mr. Clowes was thereupon instructed by the Upper Canadian Commissioners a])pointed previously on the (juestion of Inland Navi<>ation, to make a survey of the proposed work. He submitted three plans, aiul in 182.5, the Committee to whom his Rt>i)ort was submitted, recommended the adoption of the one with a teet of water. The (rovernment of Upper Ca- nada, however, on full consideration, declined to construct the work, as they believed that the improvement of the St. Law- rence iKiviii'ation was best calculated to promote the commercial interests of the country, and that the accomplishment of the work should devolve on the Imperial (Jovernment. if it was lU'cessarv chiellv for militarv r<'asons. AcM-ordnmly ilic IinpiM-ial (iovi-niUKMit sent out a ("omini - Mon of koyal J<.ii<.hi(Mt.s to report on tin" work, ami suhsiMiuo'th- (UMcnnnu'd to constnu'l it. In tli.. autumn of Isi'ii ('(.loucl l!v k. Jv. arrivp.l from J'Jmlnml. ami imnn-dial.'lv romnn'm'od th(' constru.Hion (,r ih,. works. Sir .lolm I'ranklin 'lavin-v ihc louml'i- (lon slom', I'll., works w.Mv (•ompl..t.Ml in ihr sprim.',,]' ]s:\-> and til- Meanier ]'uui])cr pass.'d ihrou-h IVom 1!\ town t(. Kinn-si,,„. L ascMid, 14 dcso.Mul •'■""■" '^"-■'""''-4 " in K'ock ,, ,"■ ,,,',' ;'' surhxvolwatpr Sd '• in Karlli < ostto Isl July. i.SC, *4,()t;i,Tt;4.IT l.'IciIKMKr CAXALs. .«xA The third series in the Canal system of Canada is that uluch has I.een construeted t„ eonue.i the St. Lawr.mee with ludsonKiver ria the Kirhelieu and Lake Champlain The Kieheheu river IS situate.l 4.1 mile.s helow Montreal and lU miles above Qu^'bee. The obsiruetionstoits navi-ation are re- moved by a eanal at St. ( Hirs, 14 miles IVom its nn.uth and bv another 82 miles lurlher up. known as the ChandllV C^ai he route i.s theiiee Iree from diilieulties for the remain.ler of the m.M Kieheheu and Lake Champlain. at the head of whi-'h the Amerieans havea eaiial properly ealle.l the Whitehall Canal ■ bv m.^.usoi this and a small portion of the Lrie Canal, boat.s' are .mabed to reaeh the Hu.lson at .\lbanv, ::n ,ailes from ^■ivJILLI^ til. The Chanibly Canal was su-tivste h like most of the ("ana- dian ( anals, alter th.> experi.MU'es of the .Vnieriran war of IS!-. Ill ISIS, the rarliament of Lower Canada passed a Ilill l^rantm^ t.. a ompany the ri^U of eonstruetin.. a eanal to avoid e 'eh'i;'^T'%'''''^"'''''''^^''"' ''"'"•"^"" "'" '>='vi^ation of the vieheheu. I he C.nnpany ma.le the ne.vs.sarv survevs and he ^\olks, but several years pas.sed awav nn.l ....ilnn..' w,< doM~ to carry out the provisions of the .\et. .\e..„rdinn.|v the Le-isia- nre passed another .let appropriating sJod.iKm tor the eousiru.- «>n ol the works, and providing for the appointment of Com- missioners to eommenee the undertaking alter the eonipleti.m of out a ('oiiiini. - 1(1 ^;ul)S('(HH'::ll\- -^-li ('i)loilcl I!y. ■OlIllUl'HCtMl tllC iii'^' thr rmuuhi- iii'i'il' In:!i'. and 11 to Killti'Nloll, .... 12ti| mil .s. va to K:]i^'si()ii I. 14 (Icisct'iul. 1 \v;itrr. viL>';lM.> di'j;!,', rouoh Caiiiil I'l't't 111 i'^iirlh. " in K'ock. '■ in I'iarlh. itH.7ti4. IT .'aiiada is thai a\vi(.'ii('i' with unplain. The real, and 114 ■iualioii arc rc- louth. and hy lamhly ('aiiaj. naiiidtT of the of which the lall Canal ; iiv iial, boats arc 1 miles IVo)u ' of the ('a)ia- wai' of ISI J. passed a Hill, canal to avoid naviii'ation oj' surveys and coiistriictinL;' linu' was. done V llie Lcii-isla- the constriK - n(Mit oi' ( 'oni- complctioii of Ihe Lachinc Canal. Still tho project made uo proiiTess U[i;u is;]0, when the Commissioners ordered the dredijins- of the bed of the river ; this work was continued throughout that and '' - followiim- year, and llnally in March, 183,5, Mr. noi)kin6 ^vas api>ointed Eneineer of the Chamblv Canal. He altered the oriufinal design, with th<' approval oi" the Commissioners, who entered into contracts for the construction of the works, and also applit'd to Parliament for additional assistance. The Legis- lature thereupon made an appropriation of $38,000 hut the IJill did not receive the lioyal assent. The Chamblv Canal lies on the west side of the Richelieu, ext(>ndiim- from Chambly Basin up to St. John, twtdve miles. ( )n the a])pointment of the Commissioners just referred to, in 1820, they ordered the necessary surveys to be made, and two years later the work was reu'ularly placed under contract for the syross sum of $184,872, but the contractors were oblio-ed to suspend on account of having taken the work at too low a rate. Considerable progress, however, had been made in the construction of the Canal, and when the state of afhvirs had been reported to the J^egislature, a Bill was passed throuuh the Houses, in 183;)-'86. granting the requisite funds, but it also failed to receive the Royal assent. During the ensuing year the w-ant of funds con- tinued to be the dilticulty, and it was not until 1841 that the work was taken energetically in hand by the Board of Works. The Canal was opened two years later, but the work was found to be in a very unsatisiiictory condition, and at last, in 1858, it had to be renewed to a large" extent. At present the Chambly Canal may be summarized as follows : — Length of Canal 12miles Numbtn- of Locks <» Guard Lock, No. 1, at St. John 122 x 23| feet. Lift " No. 2, " 124 X 23J " Lift " Nos. 3,4,5,G 118 x 23"to 23iUeet. Total rise of Lockaae 74 feet. Depth ot "Water on Sills 7 '• Breadth of Canal at bottom 36 " at surface (50 " Cost to July 1st, 1867 $634,711.70 The Saint Ours Lock and Dam was commenced in 1844 under the Board of Work.s, and was completed in 184'J. The dimensions are as follows : — Jvength of Canal J mile. Number of Locks 1 Jti Al|.l,,li\ \ Apl'i'li'lix A niuit'iisioiis ol' L(>(.'k i>(io .' 4.") f,.i't. Total rise ol' Locka^i^ ,-> |;.ot Dopth of WiitiT oil" Sills 7 r.'ct at low uah-r Cost to 1st July, iSilT sli'l,;,;!7 (I,-, ST. J'KTl'irs CAXAL. Thr only Caiialiu a.tual opoiatioii in t!u> Maritime I'rov- inros IS that which connects the llias D'Or Lake of Capo Uretoii with the ..(■.■an. The widlh of the Lsthiiius sepaialin-.- the sea Ivom the lake which is a uohle sheH of water, ahouiidinir in llsh, and Mirrounded l)y a country rich in mineral and ao-rieultnral r.'sources is only hall' a mile. The ],rujcet of eanallinu' it was niooted at an early date by the rei)res."ntativei; of Cape Breton in the I.e.v,,lature of .Nova Scotia. In 18:^1. a survey was made by Mr. Prancis Hall, and other surveys hy .Mr. C. W. Fairbanks, and I aptain Larry m sul)se;\'';"«!'LJ»i"'i^^-^'^*UiO,Sll. !..-,, and up to :jOth June: 18/0-!s;]42,22.,.<8. or a total of >i^:]02Ml .:,:) to that date in \ S currency. ' ' Projerffil (\i,/ii/s. Besides Canals in <.peration, several others have Imm-ii nro- lected ol recent years, with the avowed object of aliordiuff greater facilities lor the trade of Canada. ^» ' riomment amono. thes,- schemes is what is Generally known as the oronto ami (Jeoro.ian Bay Canal. The distance hctween ^s .Vmthern terminus, m Ilumber Hay, of Lake Ontario, and its Northern terminus, m Ueor-ian !!ay, of Lake Huron, is 100 miles VAhich IS to be the summit level and feeder. N.-arl v 1 wnt v years a-o ^Iv. Kivas Tully made the Hrst .>xplorati<.n of the lin'e ol tne proposed Canal, and of late years the project h,-.^ been •21 4.-) r,.(.t. ot. 't ill lii\\ \v;iti'i'. ? Maritiino I'rov- t' ol' (,'ai)e Hictoii I'paraliim' tlic sea il>ouiuliii2r ill lisli, and aii-ri('ulliiral r (.'anallinu- it was :>i' Caiic ]5n't()ii in vey was madi' hy kV. I'airhanks, and 11 of the latter, for ', was adopti'd, J4, and lontinucd inccr of the I'ro- ihiihlc rcinuiitMa- u' railway as tlic ■ loralily". Tlu' the Cape Breton of tlie uiidertak- resunied in l^^t'l [. •rks handed o\ cr "k has been com- mit h of 2G feet at nir pairs of gates, l-i feet — tlie ex- W'j: ahout !» feet. p to .-jotli .Tnne. Ind date in X, S, have Ix'cn pro- allbrdiiiiTirreater nenerally known istance hetween Ontario, and its ron. is 100 miles, h Lake Siincoe. Nearly tweiitv ition of the line rojcct has hecii enerii-etically advocated by gentlemen in Toronto and elsewhere, incorporated as the "Huron and Ontario >Shi]) Canal Company.'' Aiiother scheme is that for the construction of a l)raneh Canal from the town ol' Niaiiura to connect with the Welland at Thorold. Mr, Walter iShanly rei)()rted favoral)ly on th<' project in 18')4, and durinti' the last Ses.sion of the Legislature, a Jhll was passed for the inc()ri)oration of the Ontario and Krie Ship Caiud Company, irom tlie waters of Niauara Kiver, at or near Fort Oeoru-e, in Niauara, thence to Thorold, and thence to the waters ol' Lake I'h'ie. at or near I'ort Coll)onie, or the Niayara, at or near Chippewa ; locks to he the size of the Cornwall Canal. The capital, 8S,0U0,()()0. in shares of .slod, with power to borrow to tlie extent of unpaid capital. The work to he connneiiced within two years, and iinished within live. The Murray Canal was advocated as far back a.s ITKT, v^-hen a resolution was formallv adopted by the Lt.-Crovernor iu'Comi- cil for the reservation of 8000 acres "of land in favor of the con- struction of the work. The n(>cessity of the work has, since then, lieen frequently brought bel'ore the" Leyislature, and surveys of the route were made. As laie as Jidv, 1806, a Committee of the House of A.ssembly of Canada authorized another survey, which was made. The Caughnawaga Canal is another scheme which has been earnestly advocated for .some time past. It was first i)rominently brought bel'ore the public by Messrs. John Young, L. H. Holtoii, and other merchants of Montreal in 1S47, and in answer to their petition th(! tlieii (iovernor (ieiieral, Lord Elgin, instructed Mr. .1. J5. Mills, C. J']., to make a Survey. In 1«4S, this irentleman re])orted in favor of a Canal having the upper terminus at St. John, and the St. Lawrence terminus m>ar the Village of Caugh- nawaga, immediately o])pos; e Lachine, about 8 "miles above Montreal. In Is,") 2, the Commissioner of Public Works stroiiffly urged the construction of this Canal, and subse(iueiitly other surveys were made and reported upon, but no Croverninent action was t>ver taken on the siU)ject. Other u'(Mitlemen, especi- ally the Hon, John Young, however, kept the scheme promi- nently before the public, and in the last Session ot Tarliameiit a Bill was passed im Diporatiim' a number of aentlemen into a Company to build the Cauuhnawatia Ship Canal, from Lake St. Louis in the St. Lawrence to l^ake Champlaiii, on the Kichtdieu, with power to use and enlarge the Chamljly Canal, with con- s(>iit of the Oovernment, who may, however, at auv time assume the whole work — the locks not "to be of less size "than those on the J3eauharnois Canal. The Cajiital Stock 8''?.0 of tlie most iinpovtaiit.sfhi'iiH.s, which have Imm.ii hrouo-lit "'»«>iv (he pul.ho ol'lah. y.-ars, is uii.loul>h.,llv th.' Ottawa Cai^al <> ••oiniyct M<.iitival with L.kr irun..,. rm" th.. Ottawa KivV-r' ^al<.' Nipissu.o.. and Fivarh liivr. Th.. lo.u.. was ..xaiui„..,l \ two Limii„.,>rs, hrsi 11, Is.H. aii.l alhTwanls ii, ]s:,!i and h.Mr .-..ports a.v i:.u,Hl in lull in th.. ivporlsol' th.. l)..part,n..n. of lid.lir Works 11... sul,)..ft has ln.,.n lV..,|.u.ntlv l...ro,v I'arlia- nn.nl, but no (h'tinil.. st..ps .wcr tak.'ii t.. .'arrv out th.. proJ,.,t. Anoth..r Canal which Iiasconi,. proniiiicntly l)..lbiv th.. Puhli,- ol lat.- y.'ars. is what is uvn..rally .-all-.d th,- jJav V.-rt.. Canal St. Lawiv,,;.., a. I'.av X.'vi. with thos.. ol th.. 15ay ol' Fuu.ly at Cnnil>..rland iiasin. hv cutti,..: a -loss th.. Isihinus ol Chmn..,.to, unitin- \ova S.^oiia with New Vunsw,..k, In IS-, a surv.-y of th.- rou... was niadc hy\u- Hall at th.. instanr.. of the Li..ut..nant-(lon.rnor of" N.-w runswick. At a lat.-r dat.., Mr. Th.nuas Tcllord, V. E rcvis.. 1 h.. report ot Mr. Hall, and su.-o-.st..d u Canal with a depth V>l 4 ket, with a vH>w ol .(...oninKHhitino. th.. laruv trad." that must accme especially with (^i..|>..c, Montreal and th.. Upp-.r l.ak..s. i 1H4.3, Captain Crawh.y mad., another survey-Canada pavin-.- ■, IK)rhon o the exj^Mise A survey of the lin/is now in V .o^n^ss at the instanc.. oi the Domini.. n (iovernment. COMMERCIAL A^VKV.T OF TH].: (n'FSTIOX. In order to appreciate to the iulh.st extent th.. imnort..nf.e ol the qu,.stion ot Canal enhiri-vment and ext,.ns n t Ts ..' c relations to the vast ar.'a ol countrv whic^h ext..nds IVom the Aniv, lachiai. or Alle^^hany lianae on the East to th.. I^)ckv Mount ns on^. ^Vestern or Paoih,. sid.. of thi« continent Ti^e " ol that section ol t.^rritory to which the St. Lawr..nc.. and I e v!^' tl^O ^ '" '"'"^"■>' -"'''' ''^'-"^ <^- naturarj; mu;^.t on A th the ( cean, ar,> most varied and have heeu d.-velon, o f kte years to an extent without parallel in the hi tor- o cm mercial enterprise. On th.. plains ami slop..s ad ?he v"-' \ps Ivmg contiguous to the great art,.rv of which the Cim Is lorm the connecting links, are raised corn, whea a , o er ao^ cultural products in such ahundanc that it is fV^C*' t! v lb f. j' impossible to dispose of them to a dvantao-e ^ " Timber and minerals abound to an unlimit.^l ..xt..nt eitb..,. .n the immediate vic.inity of th.> Iiiv..r and Lal..s :Mh;!t ofu" •2U ivc hi'cii l)r()UL;-]it M' ()tl:i\vii('a!;fil, ' Oltiiwii h'ivcr, ' was t'XiUiiiiK'd il> ill ],s,j!), and • ' I)fi):irtiii(']il ol' ly Ix'lor.' I'arliii- ill till' project, x'fort' ihc Pulilic Vcric C'aiia], to 1', at liay Vertc, lasiii, |)y cuttiiiii' cotia willi New s iiuulf by Ml', rcriior ol' New I, V. K., revised wit); a dei)lli ol' trade that must l)])i'r Lakes. Jn 'aiiada i)ayiiig a low ill |)roi>rt\ss ISTIOX. h«' iiiiportaiiee ion, it is iieoes- wrenee and its IVoni the Ai)pa- fky Mountains Till' rcsourees rcnee and the 'oiiunuiiication deve]o])ed ol' listory of coni- ikI in th(> val- ich the Canals 11(1 other a<>Ti- ^iuentlv round extent (Mtlier or that of the streams whieh pay them tribute. Th(> climate of this fertile ivu'ion IS not lik." that of the South, enervatin- and sometimes raii-ht with pestilent vapours, l,ut is hraein- and hi-althy to the hi-liest ( euree, 1 1 ,« a region emjueiitlv adapted for the use of man. and the development of his hest eiiterjjrise and industry. Il is in what is nenerally called - The Hasin of the Lakes" ihal we see the most reiiiarkahle mali-rial progress. Within the past thirlv vears cities and towns have arisen with stnkni-rai.i.lity— new States have been marked out and taken their place ainoiiL;' the most prosperous of the ohb'st com- inunities ol ihe continent. The history of the Province of Ontario and of the Stat(>s of 1 biKMs, Miehman. Minnesota and other sections ol' the North Uestern country, illustrates tlie spirit of the e,>,ni„ercial enter- prise ol the i)resent dav. •A few facts derived i'rom official and authentic .sources, will shew very clearly 1i ' progress of the country to which the St Lawrence forms th' outlet. In the year 1S4]. just tliirly years au'o. the cross value of the trade of the Lakes was estiina'ted at $6.),0U0,00() ; ten years later It had more than ([uadrupled, for it was put down in" 18.') I at !8;:5()(J,OOU.OiMl, .'inployino' 74,(100 tons of steam and L^S.OOO tons ( ol sailintr vessels, whilst at the present time the ai700,O(l(!,O0O, The tonnaye of Mae Lak(>s in Isf)! wa.s, as alr.-ady .stated, not above 212,00(1, whereas in ]H{;± it had ri.sen to 4:)0.000 tons, of which about 80.000 tons was Canadian,— .so far as can be gathered from Ihe iini)erl'ec( arailable statistics ol'lak.^ trade. In ISGt; the ton- miiie was put at .")47.2(i7. valued ;,. >^17,r);n.440 in Am.!rican cur- rnicy. We have no returns for 187U at hand, but we lind that the City of Bull'alo alone in 1S(5!), owned IM steam vessels and 12( sail, with a u'rand tonnaiic of !)1.:>28 tons. To illustrate th(> urowth of the country watered by the St. Lawrence and the Lakes, we refer to the rise of its jirincipal com- mercial emporiums. Chief aniom-- these is Chicauo ; its population twenty years ao-o was not :](),()00, whereas in 1860, it had risen to 110,000, and in 1870 to 2i»!l.0()0 souls, Milwauk<>e had a poi^u- liition of 20.000 in 18.-,(). and of 72.000 in 1S70. Cleveland iiicr(>ased in a still o-i-eater ratio, for its population rose from 1 (.000 in 18.-)0 to 92.O0O in 1S70, Huiialo and Osweox) also ex- cmplil'y very forciblv the inllueiice of the o-reat commerce of the A\ est. The tot.il poi)ulatioii of the yrain yrowiiiff States, viz: Ohio. nd'cu's nil iiliini'i! .■iiiil ■■ik,- ■Vi:\,lf. jn Micliiiiaii. Iiidiiiiiji. Illinois. Missouri, lown, Wisconsin, Minnt'sola and K.uisus in the year ]^UK was not alxivc M.unn.Odo o|' sonls, whci'cas the lasl Census oliln' i;iiiii.(l Stales, taken in IsTn' sliows ihiit it had ineieased to o\ei- 1 1'.MOd.tttM. 'I'll,. ,|nLii('L;ate |>roduelioii oT the same Stales in u'lain was as lollows : IS.-, l^.iH. ISCD. iSd!!. ^Vheui ini.sh. -<:'., .s4L',n:;s s:i.i'|i::.);i);! Id,;, Kio.ooo <'<"■" •■ :i:ii',:i(is..-,(i-j ;;:ii'.i's!m]:!| ,-,.-,(;,(i,-,iijm)(i *J'>l^ '■ 4l'.:1i's,7--!I iL'.T^is.lK) I HC.Jno.oiMi 'jy •• 7:!:t..")i;T ;!.'.i!»T.n(ll •4.S()-_>,(Hi(i ''•"■'''>■ ■■ >'-"ii.r)i7 4x;r..7til s.7:,r,,(((H) ■^ ^^'"'' No. 8..>-'}(ijSi' l1.():!li,:!;iL' |!i, lOd'ooo Nor lias tlie ('«nninei'eial i)rooress of tlie rro\ inee of ( )ntario, lyini-'contieiious to the Lakes, heeii K's.s sirikinti- llian that, of tin" American States. l'"orty years ai-'o it held a verv huml.le position in the list of the industrial communities (d' this Continent. In isil thejiopulation of Tpper Canada, or Ontario. Wiis onlv 77,niH) whoreas it had risen to li.",i',i)()(» in |S.-,|, and to !..;ii(;,(iitl "in isdi. wlulst asstimin-j that the sann' rate of iiuMvase has conliiuied as herween isr, 1 and l.sdl it cannot he le.ss than :.M:^7,()()(), at the present time. Us aii'ricilltural proere.ss has not been siiri):issed by the rival communities on the opjjositeside ofthelaki's. Those who may have the time or inclimitioii to in vi'sliuale the sidiject, will lin ])ast I'lt years. 1ms been u'reater than that of aiiv of the Xorth Western States! The yield of Barley is also .2!t.",, 1:51 bushels in IsC'.i aLiain'^t ■! r.'M~- WX ill ]X{W. The jirooTess of the cai>ital of Ontario is another illustration t)l the wealth of the country, on whi ])asl JO yoai's. Veslern Stales, cliinale heiiig 'or which iherti imnti'v Innitii;' au'ainst :!.(;it|.- er illustration ■rity depends lielweeii 1S40 and IMoU its j)n|mlatioii increased It.") por cent — a i-rciiler ratio than tlial of St. I.ouis or < "iiicinnati and other older Weslern cities. Montreal also aH'ords another slrikinu' I'xaniplt! ol" prouress and prospeiiiy as ihe coinniervial entrepot on the St. Lawrence hetweeii ihe Lakes and the Sea Its |)o])ulation in iS.')2 was only tL'.ddd. uh.'reas in isill it had risen to loLCOJ, and is probably I:ir).d0(> at ih.' prescnl lime. Hut the statistics oi" its trade best ('xenii)liry its rapid i:rowth. We lind that in 18(11 the number ol' ocean steamers carryiim' its coinmer<-e was only 40 ol'an aiiii-ri'Liate lonna!:v oj' .'. I, I'lis tons, whilst in istJ'.Mhey had iiK'reased to 117, with a loiinauc ol' 117, '.h;,") tons. In IMi) the numbi'r ol' ocean sailing- \ cssels enteriny- the port was "JJii, with an auiiit'iiiili' loimae-c or7ii.l74. while they had increased inlS6!» to 440. with a lolal loniiauv oj' I41,s!)s. The liijures ol" it.s lake crall ciiLiaiied in the inland Hade are ecjually satisfactory. In lS(;i2 ihc number of these vessels was 4. S7;'), with a tonnaiiX' of .")•_>.".. !•!» I, and in ls(;ii ostiti with 7:il.:!ii4 tons. The commerce of this f(>rtile and |)roL;rcssive ooiintrv (illus- tialed at some leii'.ilh ie the ai)pendices) depends on "several routes of communicalion. Nature ha.s intended the St. Luwreiic*- to be Ihe i;r<'al (■oiiiiiiercial highway of the West, and il it has not fnllilli'tl its destiny toihe extern itshould have done it i.s becau.se tht^ enterprise of miiii has endeavoured to divert its trade into other and iirtilicial channels. The St. Lawrence runs throuf'-h lirilish territory, whereas the nreat bulk of poi)ulation und com- merce is on the .\nierican side of the K'ivcraml Lakes. To control the entire trallic of the (Ireat West has been the i,'reat object of the State of New York for many years past, and certainly its enterprisini;- jx'ople have succeeded" to a considerable extent in achievintr their jmrpose, and thereby addiii-)- to the pros- l)erity of New York and other .Atlantic cities. The jirie Canal, with which must be ever associated the name of De Witt Clinton, is a monument of the liberality aiul enterprise of the Amoricaiis, thouo'h it is conli(l(Mitly asserted that it has -rreat diliiculty in keeping- pace with the proiyress of the commerce of the West. The Mississippi, it is triu", is another natural artery for the commerce of the West, biU it runs into re^-ions unsuitable for the carriai,re of the chief jiroducts of that section, and it is out of the line of direct communication with luirope. and may therefore not be considered so formidabh' a competitor as the I'^rie Canal for the commerce which we are chieilv considerinu'. if it w(>re possible to put a stop to the commerce of the West, and for its people to have no desire to increase their wealth or add to their comforts, then would the Erie Canal suflice, even at its present dimensions. But when we consider the actual facts before us. we see the (Commerce of a splendid rejTJon, vet in the Ai>|M'iii|i>i K march ol progn.ss has l...„a ,no,v ,...,..,1 than hu.nan 'nln,;;!:!''" .tual ,/,H,ull:,|.,, lor mim. y.ars. wr (i,„l th. i;.il,.w,.in.i,..sul(,s : 1><(|0 , T.iliil Tnnii;ii;('. is.;;i; i,!»so.!.Nw is.;a '::::::: i-f^.^^^' isfjT .;;;;;; \My 111.' lilri.' 'Willi;- results: — itiil TDtiririL'i'. l,!tS(l,!)sJ i,<;'.'L',t;.)i I,*'')7.:)(»7 l.ti<'0,;{i)(i i.-n^4.-.i l,4Tf;.i.'!»s I.2n:,7o,; "•111. 'lit (,i' Hour IT." hu.s lit'cn ii (ly cviM- Kincc rti.' tliiit a coM- 1 III'' W.'lliind ' (iict ri'inaiiis (•^ i'ull .'ajKicitv '!• instance, tho years alr.'adv il Tntinnri^. ,r)!tS.7,s.'{ ;">.')7.(;!tL' H,)L',!I-H 7-'!t,t;.-)4 77;").:.'2(l liHS,:)!',-, 442,22o S(Jl',08U inal of a very " to 1 Still, the tlie State was. ilice iStjO. on IS been al)()ut Centra J and ( >ii ill.' (ilher liiiii.l. the statistics of tli.' i)rodurti(>ii ot' till' uraiii urowiiiu' states since IstIO, shew a lartrc and .•sti'a.ly iiuTeiise, The sliipiiH'iils i'lnin ('liicaL'o of Hour and Lirniii, rciliitcd to Inislu'ls, aiiiituiil.'.i to (»nlv l.s.'Jd.'.tds in ls,")ii; the (iiiniilily in iSiKi had risen to .'!!, I'osj/i:! ; and in isdli to ."i(i,7.Vi,.") |."i. The same rapid increase is sliown hv r.'i'.T- eine to the tra.h' statistics oj' Milwauk.'c and Toledo,' whii'h colli." next in order alter C'hica'j'o, as receiviii'^ ports of the pro- duce ol'u'rain urowinti' Stall's. I ))• we may illustrate the cereal croj) nioveiiient at the prin- cij)al lake polls, hy ri'lereiice to thi' r.-.-eipts of j-'loiir md (J rain, a! ChicaLlo. Milwaukee, Toledo, l)e|r,.il, aild {'h'Veland, i'rolil Auuusi Isl Isiis. to July ;l!si isd'.i inclusive, and lor the e.irr.'s- IxjiidiiiL!' periods ol' l.S(;(;-7 and ist;7-M: i^(;i;-7 IMh-s l.st;^;-:t i-'lour r.'diiced lo wh.'at, hushcls l.s.'!44.2s:, 20.,177,4a;i eti.ssijor, Total (irain (I'.t.sll.d.").". H,'.,.ss:^,o7i> l»4,!>,S3,r)4rj (Irand Totals-— Imshels ; ss,|.')S.;! pi Hit;, odi. (1117 1 iM ,s ir,,i>.-,(.) The iiiade(|ua.'y of ihe racjliiies allordi'd hv .Anieri.'an eiil.'r- prize and energy lor llie transit of the products of ihe West has tieeii asserted j'or some lilli' liy ihose who are esp'ciallv illlerest- «'d in haviiiu' ehe:ip r.uiies of ciiiimiiiiication with the principal markets of the world. On ihe 14lh of Fchruarv iSd:}, ("ommis- sion.M's wcr.' ai^pointed hy ih" Slale of Illinois to confer with th.' Canadian autlioriiies 011 ihe <|uestion of transit, and in their memorial th.-y u>ed these emi.hatic words: — •• l<\n' several vears •' past, a lameiitahh' was!.' of crops rtlr.'a.ly harvested has occur- " red in cousi'i|uence of thi' iiiahilily of the Railways MulC'ainds '■ leadiii<,i' to the scalioar I to take oil' the excess. The North ■■ West seems already tolia\e arriv.'d al a i)oint of i)roduclion •• hi'yond any possible capacity lor transportation whhdi can be '■ provhh'd, I'.rfrpl hi/ //n^'nn/ /Hi/unil oiif/rh. It has for two siic- •• cessive y.'ars crowded the Ca'iais and Railways with more than ■• one huiiilr.'d millions ol' bush.ds of erain, besides iiiinieiiM' '■ 'juantities of otliev provisions and vast number.s of cattle and " hoos. This increasinu- volume of business cannot be niaintain- " cd without recourse lo the iialural outlet of tlie lakes * * * * '• The St. Lawreiic > furnishes for the counlrv bonh-rinn' upon '■ tic lakes a iintura! outlet to the sei." These words illustrate I'll' InllllMl ll>|>ir,ll|Ml|S m| ill,. W'r.l, Jitld IiiIdIiI I>" MI|«ji1c1i|.miIi'.' I'\ iiilirr cxiraiis. f(|iiiilly riirciMc. Till' (|iii'sii((ii now iiti^i's. Ih.w liif ill,. j)..()i>|.' ul' CiiiiMtlii, wlio .'iri' llii' |)ii>si's\vii lli 'ir I'stim;!- !iciii nf 111,. |)ri,',.|,.-.> I, ■■■il I ■•,. ,.|iiru'>' '1 to i!i "ii ' Tli ■ lii>|..rv nj' ill'' iiii|iri»\ ,^iii,.|ii ,)l' ili<' iii\ i'/;iii,>ii i.r ill- S;. l/iwi' Ml,' ■ is on,. Wlli.'ll (',lll,|,|i;i;|s II,.,. I II, ,1 |„. iisll MM .(I I.. I', ll. Tll.' ('.ill;i| sv>- tt'lll. ,.\>.ll ill lis j,r,.v .;|| ,>:,.|.|i|i,.l|, isllll i||llsp-;|ti,,:l ,,|' |„,|,| ,l,.s|'j'|l fiml lil),.r;il (•x-.ciiiii.ii Th,. i|ii"-.ii,mi (.T .Ir|','iic,., iii> ildiil.i, u ;in iiii !ill iiii|)irl;iiil rj. '111,. Ill ill ih.. iii,'(.|)ii,Mi ,ii' ili,.s.. (.|i|..iiiriz,".. whilst Ih,. r.rilish (;.,v,.r.|,ii .||t ,■ ml i-,.l|..,l nil ,.;ir nliliirs ; Inn in i||,. • •"Ill's,. (iT tini,., ;i>. ill iiiiiry It^'i'iiin.. nM-r, an I cMimi'.rc,' in- crcasi'd—vi-ry slowly. II is i rii,'. for soiii,- lim — ih,. ii,.(','ssiiv of sliuiiilatiii/ ihc .^Towih ,.l' ih," ciiiiiiry w,'sl of M,iiii real, liv 'im- l)ni\'iii.^' til,. I'oiil,' of roiiiiiiiiiiii'aMoiis l,i.,'aiir' iumi'!. ,", iJi'ni i,, the |)iilili,' iii-n aii'l iii,'irhaiils oj' Canali, \\,- Imv,. alrcaih s.'i'ti ihat will. II ill,, iiiipi'i'i.il aiilh .ril!,.s as lar li.n'k as | s •_'.••, i'ii(li.;ivoiiri.il Id in liiri. ih,' l|)|),.r Caiia'lian (1.>\-,m iiiii..|it lo iiii- '''''■'•il<'' Ih" (•onsinicii..ii of ih. |;i,l,.,iii ('m.il, i!|,.y ,li.cliii,.;| iiiidi.r ihr coiivirtion ilmi th" ti'.ic jxilicy. in a coiiiiii.'ri'ial poim <'i view, was to iiM|)ro\i. tlii' diirct ruiiii' olih,. Si. Law ii'ii,,' liMvi'iiilion. Iiiini 'dial .'y all,!' lli . Imioii. wh"ii lin- p :)|)ulali,>ii ofllii' two p!'o\iii,.,.s was not um;'!i un,',. than a million of siiii!> iiltKj'fth T. and th,. t')tal iivifiiii oj' iln' i'i'v,.|iui. wasoidv ah,. in si. 4.SS, 1)11(1, til,. L..iii>lal!ir,. of Canada appropri.it.. 1 n.. |,'>s a siiiii than I wo mil lions of dollars In:' t!i . i'iipi',,v,.ni nil ol'lli • Can.'ds, and ronnally adopt.. ,1 d," p ili,'y of impyoviim' lli.> navi'j'alion ol ih,. St, Liuvi'i'ii,-,.. ill a,'.'ordaiic>' with ih;' ili'ii roiiiiii,.i','ial ri'ipiir,.- iiii'iils oT till' counti'y. Th" ri'-iilis ol' this wis . pdir\- lia\-i' I n omiiii.iil!y satisla.'ioi'y. m-a^irrd l>y dirrd and iiidiri'<-i ad\an- la'i'i's I,) ill,, '.^-lowiirj' rcsouyc','^ oj' i|i,. roimtrv. ' *l ih ' Canals ol' ('ainnla. iio;i,' has hccii s,> siii'i'"ssriil in a • •omiiii.rcia! s"iisi. as th,. \V,'llaiid. l'"oniiin'.;' as it doi's iIk- con- iii'i'tiiiu' link l)i.|\vi. I'll th'.. iijip,'!- laki's and Laki' (tntario.it has iii'i rssarily drawn to it a roiisidi'iahl,. shari' oj' th,' Wi'stcni tiadi'. si't-kinL!' iht' <'h(.ap(.sl and iiio-i cxp, . I'i' 'oiis nn.ans of iiaiisit lo iis d.'.stiiialioii. r>\- this Canal, th,. pi-odiirtions o)' ("anadian l.-vi-iiorv . ini Lakes Slip,. I'ior, Huron, and l']rii., must lin.l thrir \va\ to ill,, laru'cr cilii-s ,ii' Canada l.y Lak,' < )nlano or hv ih,- sidi' ol' tin' St. Lawrmic,'. ll all'ords tin' shipp t.s of ( "liica'j-o, Milwaukee, T,i- ledo. and oih,'!' ■> esieni cities th,. in "ans d' seiidin,^' th"ir surplus produce to \ew York /vV/ Osweu-o, or to Montn'al !oi' transhiji- ineiit to I'hirope rill the Si. Lawiciiee. \o Canal is more achiin- lau'eously situated lo cnitrol West. 'rn t r;i,le. and il' its suceess ill ilie liiture is no) equal to what it has Leeii in lli" past, ii will he I), 'cause the jieopl.' olth,' Dominion are indiir,'reiit to ih" interests iii\,>l\-,.d ill it.-, iiiip!'o\-, '1111.111. ;■!'. ■ Mi|t|)Ii'i/i.'iiii.,' ul' ('im.iilii. \vlio wii ill 'ir I'^tiiiiii- Tli • historv of :i\vr''iii' • is oiit' Th" (".iiinl sv>. II III' It.ild (|i'>i j-|i , lll> lll>lll>l, \\;|> t'si' fiit"i|»riz.'>. ir.iii',> : Imi ill ill,. 1 <'ni(llll"rri' Ill- ill" IH'Ci'ssil \- of Imii i'.mI. I)v iiii- iiir :• ''vi.li'iil t(t ' li.i\i' fili'ciiih' 1' li.ii'k ;is I S-J.'> iMlllll.'lll In nil. , i!i"y il.'cliih' I uniiK'i'rinl jKiiiii ic Si. I>,'i\\ I'ciicc ill'' j) ipllllllioli llillii>)i of .s(iul> a .i-< li'^s ;| sum ill ' (\iii;ils, mikI 'i'lMllull 1(1 ||ii> iicrrial i'('(|iiir('- li<'y liiivi' Ic'cii iitlii'i'ct iidviiii- S||CCM>,>|'lll III ;| I (llM'S I 111' CI lll- ( »iiliiri,|:i. ji i,.,,! ,.js,.i, |,, n.-arly ■J..'.()n,(lll(l ill IxI'.l. ,,!• ^,,||"|,. p)(i,(HHI |,,|i> IIIMI,. Ihall ill,. IH-'MMT-Jjlli' Iniiiiauc olilu' Si. Law i'cIk',. Canals diirinu' lln- saiiir vcav Tin' '■'•Vi'lllli' IVniii lolls was nlily s||.",.!li;s in |>l!l, I, 111 il was iii'arly i«.;i:!0.(lii() in Isdn, \\ ||,:|| il,,..,. iviuriis aiv aiialys,..!, \\,. find lliiil lln- 'jrtat pin|)<.iiini, ,,| |,)||s is c. II, •(■!,. d .>ii Aiucricaii li'iiiiau'c. T;ik'' llii' llii',M' la-' \i a i"- |nr insliilic,. : l>'ii^. istl'.t. isTo, \ iih'ii'can \'i's>,ds ?< lil.'.'."i l.-JI >■ I7,:i" 1 H.iii; ( d;; li.ntl.nij II >l's ;',:', 1 >iir"n'iii'i' •!t>,o42.ss sjiTJOS."" \iinili,T siiikinu- I'lKi ill iln's,. rciunis is tli<' su|),.riiiriiy in size "lllif .\iii('riraii idiiiiauv. lliMindi llic yi-i-nPT ihiiiiImt (if \ cssi.js IS Canadian ISC.s l.sc.li |s7(i. Alll.Tlrall \ I's.xds ,„ ,, ,, , _. . ' -.^'t / I "II. li'.iL'.Ki'.i 7I'.M:;-J 7t;;")..".4;{ /. 1- \ 1 \ N'n... -'I.-Jl'."! .'1 i'7s ;; S,")(i ( aiiadiaii \ cssids ,,. ., .,_ ., ■.,, ,mp / I "11. .)ds, III, ■)4s.iil',t .V.i|,,",74 It is also .■(junlly iioli'w "illiy that tlic American Steamers passin'.^' Ilironuii the \\ (dlaiid tlicuiiili less in uumhi'r than the Canadian Sleaniers. ;ii,. ol' a larner (dass— in laei. ,.] ih,. hir'^-esl ' a|)aeity (d' the ('anal. I'"ni' iusiaiiei'. the niiniher id' American Steamers uniiiy' throiiLili in 1^711 was (»nly S7,s. whilst those he- hniiiiiiL!' t" Canada aiiiounted to l.l'.i'.t hut the toiinaui' (d' the Idrmer \v:is. in the a^'/rcLjate, more tlnui doiiMe that oj' the latter. Thi'si' laels will lie more strikin-j- when the toniiaiie id' the \ essids in the Irade o\' llu' 1 pper Lakes is considered. 1)111 is the W I'lland ils,dr eijual to the jires"nt re(|uiremeiils (d' commerce:' NO one who considers its career lor the past twenty years can douhl that it has played an imixirtuiit part in the coiiimeri I' tli" \\ ,'st and llnil its useriilness haw not lie, '11 at any time exiiiitieraied hy its promoters and advocates. At ill,' sjime lime, there can he no douhl that, as in the case (d' the Li'ii' Canal, il has not e(|ualli'd the r(M|uiremeii!s of the erowinii' eomnierce tlepemh-nt on the lacililies it ali'ords i'or si)eedy and (dieap transit. In ls.")7, the tonnaLi'e of \'essels passino' thron'.^h il was I, Ids. 77 1. and in Isil',', onlv lis. (isii tons more, while in ls.(i7. liieaiuounl \\ a.s atluallv less. The Liieatest numher oj' \ t'ssels ev.'r passiii'.:' throuuh it was eiuht vears aiio, in \s\]-2, when the total amount ol' toimaii'e was 1.47t>.X4:2. Last, yi'ar. the loiinaLie ol' ih,. \','ss,.ls amounted to 1.-'!.'i7,l 1 7 ions. •.t! wliu'h was above tliat oni,,' \\\<< piwiou-^ vai's. Iliii takii)..- H,,. iollowiii-- statistics .,)■ ilir i,,i;il t •iiiiauvnr\",.ssi.ls and i)1'o|~,.mv (111) and dowiij for a iiniiil.-T ,,|' yars. it will he seen tl,;ii the business (•] ih,' Canal has muipaVaii vel- sImm,! slill, althou"-li it '■(■rtainly alibnls ilii. I,,., si and innsi (•..nVcni-nl avenue ,,{' r..ni- ninnicatiun : ""''" ■ :2.is2,/ili:; tons 1^'" 2,:!4s,i,i.^ .. '^"- i',n'.-..77l •• '^''•' :i,i;:;T,4T!" '^'!* -.IT!'..l/i:. ■• '^''•> •' no:: ss;l '^';2 :lj^:,:. :.:]:! •• I'^'iT 1.11:27. Ills '■'^'•■'^ i'.4iii',ls7 l^''-' •2Ai'>-2.-2n] The fact istliat whiJM the WClhnid has held its own and is sfdl the nn)st prolinil.l,. of th<> ('ana.lian ('ai;als. the trade of tho I ppt'i' Lakes. ,„• rather the character of the toiinaL:v con vi'vin-' that trade, has l.ceii nnder-oiiiL'; a marked chaiii>v. Of comsc the oiieriivtic ell'orts of the IJalTalo interest to Conc.Milrate th,' i-Teat Imlk of the AVestcrn l.iisim'.vs at that citv. For shipment ria hne C anal hare much to d.. with llic stationarv business of the Welland. Last season tli^ Icweriic,!' ol' the tofls on the Erie V) per cent n.:ivo JJuiralo the advanta-e ovr ( )swe-,, or,,ver 1,- p',,,. l)Ushel. as compared with the rat-- of previous y-ars. an^l ne(U- sarily broin-'ht more ])usiness to the r,,nner enlrepoi of Western commerce. Slill the Welland. shorleinn- „. it docs the ( 'ana'l rcmte to New Yoik. cotdd. even with the pres,.ni tolls ,,|ih,, i.',.],. satislactonly cry -i'reat extent, but have also allercil as to ihejr stvle In IS.m the twenty-live lai-esi st.'amers on die lakes ha ha ve o-onc ..ompara- tiv.dy into disuse. proi)ellers and tuu's takin-- their plac.. •|'.|i< iJisi- the years of which we have r<. liable statistics we llnd th i' -he total tonnanv ofpadille stiMim-is jell IVoni (;:i.l.-,!l to 4l..s7() while the toiuiaLiV oF the propell,..rs iiierea,s,-d From dl..-).-)!! to 7:> -^7 be- hveiMi 18(10 ami iscil. Tu-s arealso eiiunierat •i'iv SiM'll thill the ill. i)llliouL;'li ii \'i'll Ml' i.'l' colil- ,.")!'-'l lolls ,1.'..-. ,771 ,47!i •■ ss:! Ills 1S7 Is own. and i> ' irndi' of t!it> re coiix fyiiii;' < H' <'oiiiS(\ n<-(Mitriil(> tlic sIlipUH'llI /■/,/ iisiiu'ss of the '11 lln' J<]rit' r>ii t' o\iM' Ic. per ~. aiul lUM/cs- I oi' Wi'sicni '>|'s lh(^ ( 'anal N ol' ih,. |.;].j,. I>l'o(Juci' /•/,/ iiiaiKis o|' 111,' li' N'cssi'l.v ell- ill nuinliiT Im !• sl\-l('. In idan a\ eraii'.' Ill l-^")!, till' llii' uvt'i'aiji' id propt'llcis. >iii' I'oiiipara- )laci'. Tak- iiiid (hat till' ll.>^7i). whih' o 7."),:2S7 !),'. hr" lii-<( tinip, ilal loiinau'i', ilo \\"t' uolii-c 111 1.10(1 I,, lis rM'ii soil;,,,,! I 1,000; 1!> In'lwtM-n (JOO and SOO ; (.r :,A out olth.> who].- number ol'aS screw- slcain.'rs beyond llic ciiparitv ol' the Wclhuul. Tho lolal uuiiibcr ol' steam vos.sid.s was \:]]. dnidrd as I'oilows : Screw Steamers :,s Steam Ya(dits 11 '''^'"•■^ .VJ SideWhe.dSleamers... .'] it is also noteworthy that out ol' tlie .'5:! ])arks :2ft have a ton- nau'e rano'iiiti- between 4:J0 and S.'iO Kel'erence to the shippin<>- statistics of oth.>r ri)])er Lake Ports, will also establish the I'ai^. that the proixdlers are not only inereasinn- i,, number, but in .size; and whilst that is the case. lluH'alo has virtually the control oi' the l)ulk ol the western trallic. Experience proves that the lar<>'est class oi' vesstds. es})ecially .vteam, now inlying on the lakes, carry property at tlie cheai>eh't rates. The larger class ol' vessels, both sail and steam, carrying Ironi 20 to 'Ar),m() bushels of grain, are increasing year l)y "year and must entirely obtain accordiim- as the artiiicial channels of communii'ation are improved. A very general opinion prevails that steam, that is the screw vessel, miist prevail in the end over .sail on the lakes, for it has all the advantage in respect to rates of Insurance. ex])edition, safety and comjietition with railwavs, all inii)ortaiit (dtunents in the transportation of the bulky produce of I he West. As respects the chaiiginu' character of"(he Lake ve.ssel.s, the Sault Ste. Marie Canal of itself w(mld dve us a sulfi- cienl illustration, if we had lu) other facts before us. it has been constructed and enlarged with reuard to the increasin<>- recjuire- nients|of the lake trade, and points out to us the neces.sity of imi)roving our owMicommunication with the ui)per lakes so as to divert the trade, as far as ])ossi})le, from Hull'alo, and brini;- it by the cheapest and most expeditious route to the sea-board, namely tlu^ St. Lawrence. At present, according to the Osw'ed via Colling- wood, Northern K. R". to'Toronto. and thence l)v lake to Osweuo. for transj)ortation by the Erie Canal. The ("ojiper ami Iron Trade of Lake Superior is also worth com])etino- lor. The total amouni of Iron i)roduced in the Lake Supi-rior District havinii ri.seii to (;72,'241 tons in ISii't against 7,000 in 1850, while the • opper product increased to 15,2S,S tons in IHC.'t as compared with ;'>,.^)00 tons in 1S5S. Hitherto this branch of industry has l)eeii crii)ple(l on account of the want of cheap transit. Is it 38 not mor. ih,u pmhnhl. , ,!„. i,„ ,,, will iitln,«.-( this husilU'SS In ()s '•lll^'llf ol" 111,. A\',.]J;,Md In; lirsl St,-],, l!„.,vi;„v. i,, ih.. i, „,„■,, v AaVIL!;ltloll (,| tllc J)„iii' • ■ '•""■lit ol' ilu. Iiilaii.I . .-> .L:.,.i,.,i ..1 rue jjoiiiiliioii IS I he cnl'iruv,.,,.,,. r.l n- ;.^;;;'^;-r^^::i:;':■::;;:;;;:^'Vr ; 'V'"^ 'ni.rri,;.. li,^. 'V „. : ""..r'!''' I-'....l out ,o us by the i:iK'' 11 Id (id,- Hwiivs llud iis M the nn u,v ol thmn-s. i]us rnuuu.vr. uuis, , wa> .> uiark,d hy the roli,.u„,o. r.ml..s-h..n- ,■ 1,,. Vr,' "•■"■■■• oard s; ; ,>n "n^,;-"''""'''^' "'" '-'<'- "nh '='""'. '■'■" 'he Welhiiul and •'xi.sin.u' .•nvum.stancv... a .•ousidrral.!,. • •, V f^' ' ." "•^''•••• '■Hioyedl.v Ki„o,stou. asnun.], as, ;, i "' "•Min..ss ,s th.' lacilitiVs alihnh.d .h. . . "■xixvi,-,! u. viow of -.,.«.. ™», or o„n.y„„ .,. n ,■„;;-,,,; k':™:;: Ml ()|- "-- •"-n.:-'"^N:'.l:"';';^r»f;:™;;'i,;;;r;::::^,lf';:: ill tl i\iii! nit: rci\'t'( lua li w as (■ 1 ;^To\vi avclv Caiiai 111 a J hi'tW (' lornis I he SCI Caual, direct. Hade. Iioiii ii inav r( the" St. point t preseii New ^ I'.uflalo 1 vi'ssi'l (hat can cuo-an'c ■ iVoiii J Ill'' AVrlland I'f i!h' Iiiliiud 111" Wcllnud "' I'lily Willi ""lat.cs — whose vith iliiil \asi (M'C JollO' 1„, 1 Sliiies, wiih ily. Oil iiu- I '!> us l)y ih,< illll'lTSl.s oT K'l' Willi ihc llie Si. |,a\\- il link which 111' St. I.aw- < the control, ;•' it to (id,. ^\:iys hiid its ' .Mississi])|)i ore v'ivcii — I. likes with "■oiinuuiiica- I'llaiid and I'^vcii under I'lisiness is 1 ill view of :)se li'iven at )ehvecn (he wiiiLi'ston or iiiMi^htsarc t'SS ill COll- ■ijiiitch, and nine. Iloih t. the W,,]. cralt oi the duiitted on of Ircinht. lint of the an ciiii'aLi'c 39 in the trade. In the I'p.iv i v.u *i • . „ ,n '"•" 'r,'':™' ;■'■'»'■'» i.iiT.:>s- b,.M. ■■''""' •MJVWi .. "Hs ,.„ni,.,l i„ ,\n,,.;i,.an ",«,.t: I'-Wv.t proportion (vnudi,,;, !,„,„,„;' h' , ; ,', ,1 r'';r" """"". ""■■'■'■'>"« "> "I a l„r..v ,„,.„,„, ,l' ','';',' "';:'•"''■'■'»<■■' i«owi,io. II- .^.•.-ii,.„„i J„'i ,h,. ,:;l;.;:"' "■""■■• ■■■">"'".M,i,..,i„„ i,„i„.,.,.„ ;i:;''sriri:;.::;/' ;tr """ 'ri™'' <■ '--™"!e;^;o^i;i; N.'w Vor ' s^;^ " '"T-" "' !''" '"^''-^'autile coinniuiiitv ol' ' \\ ^ oik Mate say.s on a suhjecl all important to it : ^ 'iufndo'Ro;;;:^'!,' Tnd • ;:;']";••;" 'i; 'r^' ^^'^-^ *•- -'-'-^ '^^-^he l.luu inthr.lnuU'ot Cunuin ,rilh Euro,m in bnuuhtuiTs. ' 40 ^ Luropo whos<. prop!,, an. ..ul will 1,.> Ih.- rhi..|' .•..iisnin..i-.s ,.r til.' liTiUii export. "<1 IVniu this .■oiiiitrv. Wy a lihcral Cai-il ;; Pnl...y UP mny anvst this (li\ ersio,,' „r Trade, and r.-stoiv .. ,1' ^'"'"" " \"'y "">"y ii'qx'rtaiit artirh-s which serk ^ <• l"'i' .•liaun..ls throun-h iow.-r rales of (raiisportatioii The J.hserver ui h,st year-s slatisties has Cana-lians l,.,pe i., estahh-sli a lar-e direct lor.Mu., frude ),y way of the St. Lawrenee, to an.i InTn; tho West, e.vportlim- wh.'nt hy the ye.ssels used in the tra.le ^ r.'turn.nu' with iron, salt, hardware, d,,,, ......ekerv ...rpets' •ani-s. Two plans are proposed tor reeeivin- the trade oniu- -real West hv theCana- (lians lit' one is, to enlare-e the Canals iround the rajjids UK .H. I.awr.'iue. au- lead us to infer that the X.-w York int..r..st is iiillv aliv,. to the mleriority of the ]-:ri.. route as oonipar...! with th." St Lawivnc... and det..rmin..d to mak.. an ..n.-rovti.. ..flort. so.m,.r or later, to hrino- ],aek to the artili.Mal rout., that trad.- whi.'!. is pidually hem- divert.'d from it. raiiadiaius n..,.d m.t h.mever have aiiv fears of th.- futuiv of their oreat natural lin.' of navi.-,- tion. whilst they are thems.dves fully awake t.. its i.nportam'.. and ivsolv... upon availiiio. thems.dv..s of th,. sup,.ri..r ad vanla-vs iiiven them hy Natur... '"...^.s ^, . ^'^""«'|' 'li*' ^<- I-vwiviiee r..ute has n..v.M- v.'t nnvive,] anv- thnio. lik.. the amount of tralHe wlih^h it .should" l,v virtu., of its suiM^ricn- faeihties; y.-t it is surprizin- that it has"..v..ii don." as much as it has, wh.-n w.. consider the lormidahl." nature of th. . ~ ' ■ "" ' '"" "MiuHiaoi.. nature ol the opposi ton ,t has ha. to ..ont.md a-aiiist. The trad.' that sh..ul,l naturally hav.; .s.mt-ht it Just as the riv.-r s.vks th.. s..a has he.-n wooed away rom it by the ent..ri)rixin- communiti..s ,h...i,lv in- ter.'sted m the pro,sp..rily ..f .Ameri..an (' nals and Raihvavs 1 h.' very want oi a uniform sysL-in in its canals, no doubt lias ra\"^'^- '»1^«>. '^P';rated to retard th.. development of th.. St. i.awr..,,.'.. Al lucks. lun ption to a very laro-e ..vt.^.f. Vet d.-spite all th.. .Itsa.i- vanta-es u.uler whi.;h it has laboured, it has do,,,, an amount „f Imsniess whi(.h is ot it.s.df a o-uai'antee of what miiiht b.- a....,m- plished uiKhM- m.),'.' ausj)icious eircumstanei.s. \ iz. J 41 't' ('(liiMiliicis ()!' It'. ;iii(l ifstoic ■s which seek <>rt:ili(ni. Thi' K'lifi'd Ihiif Ihr 'icrrnst'il holli in liil)lish !i lariit", ', to illld IVdlll 1 ill llif tiiidc, • •lr tolls oil tlic Two plans aiv M hy IhcCaiia- I the rapids of 'I' r the Ottawa ival. The first /irt/s/rf, f'lmirr !,'■ //ir //rar." ' very siiiiiili- Nl islully ali\e witli the St. fi'ort, sooner or I'lide which is not. iKnvever, ine of iiaviii'a- its importance ior advantaijv.s received anv- A'irtue ol' its ev<'n done as nature^ of the It' ihat should ■sea, has lieeii it's deei)|y in- iid Railwavs i'> doviht, has St. Lawrence di the disatl- an ainotinl of hi lie accoiii- l.y relet riiiii- to the statistics of the eommoreial pnvn-ess of Montreal, we can ohtam a very accural.- idea of the inlluence which the iinprovenient t)r our inland Navii-'afion has alividv exercised on the conuneree of Cana.la. We have alreadv seen ihat the increase ol ocean steam tonna«-v at that ])()rf was"r,l per cent 111 lour years; the increase of .sailino' vessels .'i.S p,.r cent' and the increa.se of river craft lb per cent durin- the .same' period, 111 IM.-. the ,|uantity "f llmir and wheat (redu,.ed lo Im.shels ol -ram) received at Montreal was I'.TMi..'! I;") l.ushels. In 1S,>.") the (juanlily was L'.TH'.i,-']?!' bushels, _InJStjr.. the <|uanlity had iiicreasetl to th.> lar-e li.r„re ti,.).)S.7r)4 bushels. In iSd'l, the last year of which we have ollicial li"ures the 'jUiiiitity was still ureater. 1 :.',.';;];!. 4,js bu.shels. The increase in shipments was cfniallv .as larye in i>roportioii \ IX. : — .II' In is,-,:,, 4'.»:.,440 busliels In IXO.'). the (piantity reached .",,!I7-J.;t4:! Inish-ls, in iso'.i tin. (|uanlity was 1 l,4-_'o.(;t;7 liiishels. The increase in total receipts of Isdii over l.*0 bushels. The shipments of ]MU ovtM- 1S6S incrt>ased 2f^:i,S4.") l)Ushel.sof Hour, and 4,4l)0, 10!) bushels of wheal '>v. reducin;.- Ihmr to wheat, of .■).S77.:):{4 bushels. The P.uli'alo Ht)ard ol Tratb' miuhl well say that "this was u remarkable diver- MDii ol I'onunerce from our Canals," I'^lsewhere wt> o-jv,. various tabular statistics which clear] v sh()w the proi-ivss of this lltmr and uraiii trade to which we e.spt:. 'lally reler throuuhout, becau.se it is that liranch of trade which llic improvement of our Inland Navii-'ation iiarticularlv affects aiKl iit.m which the (\'inals must always derive the principal part <•! their revenue. I.o-ikinii at the proportions carried bv canal an. I rail, wt- lind that the (Jran.l Trunk Railway has proved a very important competitor for the trade of th<' St, Lawrence Mour a])pears to have fount! its way very larsivly by rail, but the <'t>ni and wheat and bulky produt-ts iro by canal, "The coinpetition I't'tw'e.Mi the canal and railway app.>ar,s, in fact, to have prt)duced ihe same results as in the ca.se of the New Yt.rk Canals and Rail- .ii\ i; 1-2 ways nz. : HimI Hi., ciiiial l.iisinr.ss oj' 7 luonllis is i„ ,.x,.,.>s of th.' IL mouths I.„snn.ss ..li ,. n.ihvay. Il nuisl also I,. ivnuM.il.riv.l iMthiscasr thai th.. rhai-vs of a railuav nun.in- alou-sich. a iHTh'rt water (■..mniuinraiioi, musi h,. h.w/.ivd dunuo. i],,. sunun.r luoiitlis to an .•xlcui which is prohahly iiol prohlahh'. Kvou niuhM-,.xisliim-ciicui:,sfaii(vsih.>livinhis iVoui ih.- Wc.t o -Moulrra aiv ivniarkahly h,\v .■onipaiv,] with thoM- Inmi Uiu-a-oundothyr W .vsi,.ni pons,,, .\„,v Vork /■/,/ IJulIhlo and Oswcn'o. Th.'N..T..lary ol'th.' Moiiirral Uoanl o| Trad ,\vs lU'Uivs whirh aiv iiic(.,itrov..ilil.l,. on this pomt, ami aiv viili,..! I'V all the ('\]dcniM' u'alhci'.'d. Acrordino'Iolhisstatcnn.),. lh,.av,Taov nit.. of Ind^dit per mshrl ,,1 vh..a, Ironi ('hi,.a-o lo W-u V,,rk u as asfoHows ( Anici-icaii ciii'i'i'iicyi dui'iii-- ih,. iDJlowinn. vc:ii's : i'/n lh///",i/n. I'iii Os/rro-ii ^^'••' 2tV; -'71 "^'>'' ;;iii •mT IMlH ...n .,.,7 i^:\' :>:r ^^•■•' ■■ h ;;;;i Oh. ^" ^f '^,/''" ''■",'•'-" '■"" I'"''' i- ■'• '"i-'"l I'v I.n.pcllrr Iron, (diiea-o to Montr..al was l:),. in -old : in isii:., i-h,' rat ■ was si.il li'ss or ahout 1-J(j, ■ ^ ■ lo The diii'..r.'n.v in linic is sr, o-rcativ in lavor ol' tl„. St Law- jvnro (somo Wn or .d.-v.,, days) that ih. tra.l. is arlnallv lor..,.,l mto ts natura ..hann.d d.sp,,.. ,1,.. ohstru.tions ansin- iron. th. an .,1 an enlaro-od an.l undorni svst..ni of ranal (•onnnu.,i..ati..n, and th. dosporat. att.n.pt ol'th.. ]':n.. Canal Manat-vrs to div.M, It to A,.w ^ork. Ev.Mi last y,-ar w.> ha\v it roeor.lod that th,. auavo,,to ivmpts oi ^ylu.at at Montn.al w.mv arluallv on-thi,.! im.stialion ol the sup<.nonty ol' a natural o\vr a inir.dy artili..ial . It only r..(|uir..s an .. iu.ro-,. ti, ■ ,.|i;,rt on th.- part of ,hr llo- |nn.u>n to jnak.Mho St. I awr-n..- ih. .r.-at hijhwav h..tw....n ihr .Va and th.. ^^ ,.st lo ,h,. v.mv has. of th.. K'.„.ky Mountains. Int.. our hainls must ..oni.-. s.u.n.r or lafr. th. .arria-.v ol ;,:^7,; ;;^'^"'^'- j;-'!-- --luin.-l hv(nval DrUa.n.-vho ■n IF ; '■'' '• ""' "'" "^'""'"■''" l'nn..ipali.i,.s.-Chil, ■i:i > 111 cxcos ol" tlic l) IVoill Ihr W'i'st illl lllOM- IVdlll '•/'/ liuli'alo iiikI Mill ;il-r VClilird (•■■III-. 21 h i)r<>pclli'r tVoiii t' nitf was sliil <>!' the St, I.aw- achially loi'ccd risiiio' iVoiu ih,. 'oiinnuiiicatiou, aiivr.s fo (li\ (Ml corded ihal tln^ ually oiK'-thin! ik city, aiiothri' 'urrlv anilicial )ail oi' the |)(i- hway hi'twfcii ky Mountains. til'' <'aiTiaii'(' of I lii'ilaiii, who (riM'tnaiiv, till' sia,,., ,viii il, ir,,::;:,;:; '"•"■ "' « < ■• h,.. cm,.,] I''li>iij' an I Vi:.u;s. W|„.,,t l;,.,|,|c,.,| 'i'""Hily;iii.| |'ii.|iorti "-'=-1.-. ' i.uu.,.s.v:::!; 'z^r;::.::iT I Mil) iM;i iN'i'J l>.i;3 I si; I Isr,:, I Slid I -CT 1 SCiS i.^fj'.l ■ '.i.-l.';s,'_(;:i Til 1.-7. ■; SCI '.•.■.; 41 u -J Illl ■''T.('i.">7..'J',i.s •''■; s.'ii.ftij 'Js.i.^l.-'.iT ■".I ^L'T. i;;i T:;ji:i."),;iL';i Ds 144(117 ^-,'.ifi'.M74 " '.i..).Vt.liiC •• |()(i-> .. .i ■■ •V'.'(l'.i.',l49 •• liH)4 .. i. •• ■■!.4l'.i.,-,4I •• 7(10 '. .. " . '.iSf, 4.-.1 .. I'oo .. .. '■ I .'i.'is (',77 .. ■_<.i;j '. <• •■ 1 l'.iM,.",|;; I. o'|,) ., ._ ■■ ii.'^4iU.",;j .. 7 04 u a 4n(L'S 1(11 .. .|,;,|,-, iJ-M.M.si)| .. .'is u4 Is.sil.uiM •■ ;;4.i',( ! -.7'.i7.;il7 •• ") OS l.'^lii'.itll .. ;i,i4 ^i.r.ii4 .'ills •• l;; (III jli-'.T'.ii'.ni:; ■■ |s 77 ll'S,, -,11447., ., ;;4;;-, I To uiid.M-stand th,^ rxl.Mii of d, vivas,, i,, r,,.i„li, ,1 , .1 • I'l'.wiui'iit in Xavi-.ation and in tl, , , / " ''"*' '''"' ""- '"'" the Lakes "..'.rial slafsli.s I ; H s, ""■,, •'"'"'■ ^'''^' '" ^'^'^ ^'»"'- II '-■an he Uikeii f,..- s;;' Mi K, .. "'^-i-*' W.isjUSt !j,(j,,>0. no\v II '-■an he laken lor si.-J.,)!) l)y water Iti . . '"',''• '-'\\. ''..<•<'( aiiais, iiicu(i)i , i- When th.> propellers nH.sHv in use in \V,.st,.n. AVnf .v can -"i.'U'oes to tin. lar-'er elass nf V 1 "' '^■'"'•'^l'•'• .ralii....,., ..;;-;.,.; ':"r, "' ^/'^s^s, neeessary Ibr Kuro],ean Lawrence and I'oute to Port- '|'^'iheoro.,onto|!,,stonthroui^htheiJulror's " -:';it::"i,t;-,t;!;"S'i7 1 lis ( li.mnrls ,,| .•nMiinuiM.atioiis with its markets. J 44 Jl i,s n IS iiii iixioni ill tr,i,l.. ihiit llh. ii.-iiivr v<.ii can hriii.- i|„. pro- duce (oits iiiiuk.'t without hiviikiiii-' l.ulk; the i-iviitcr will !„. the sM\ ill- ill In.i-ht. As respects the coim], litielweei. ( hicauoaiul X.'w Voik ria the Kviv Canal, an,] t'luca-'o liiul Montivul ,./,Mhe ^Vellan(l and St. Lawrence Canals tln.n- !;•;'," '"' juestion as to which route must always l.c ihc siiMeri<.r I ";,""•; ""\\ ^'V'^s ;i.-,2 miles or canal, with a im^ka-e uIiItV, feet' // , •'"',""^';'"' \y'','' "" ''^ iiiip'-vrections, has only 71 miles .,1' '*"''^'''-«- "'' '>'>'^ li'*'t, lli«' remainini.- asoiis of scarcity for making- up " tJie home ])rodiiction. ileiicieiicv ill One important element in the eonsiderathm of th.' duestion of nuisportat.on hetween L'ast and West is that of return freioh,s _New y.rkl.ein- the -reat cenhe „f the import trade f.,," the AUs lu,,h„her,o naturally drawn to i, the commercial marine j all nations, and vessels carryin- wheat, on,, and other pro- ucts ol the u,i„n.^,,.wino- States, have never wanted return mdits. I.therlo, however, the direct foreign trad., with the West, rn, the ^t Lawrence, has heen insi-nilicnnt (althou-h <.ii e increase), compared with the dimensions ,i mioh, assume under a more lavourahle condition <.f ihiniis. rt is clearly our interest to try ami satisfv the natural aspira- tions ol the \\ i^st 111 this particular. ' Tim J{eiH)rt of the Chicao.. Eoard of Trade for ISCi) refers to Xr Wes!;;': T^"" '•'" ^^"''^^^'V- '*• -'-'^ *» in c<.mmon with tnnl /'''"' '" ";'"■ "^''^•l^''-' • •■ I'^llo't^ liitluMto made to induce CoiuiTcss to make Chicauo and other Western cities ports ;,>1 ontrv lor loreiu-n i^oods received ria the sea hoard cities have lailed thu,s lar Imt will not he al.andoned until their dl ax.comp Lshmei.t is relued. (ioods to a limited extent are now ■' erdTm "' 7' ^"r '•"'•^' r "^'^'"^^"''^ '" -vamination, mon' or Jo.s daiiau'e, (h'tention and expen,se. at the point of .leliverv l.v ship ^vhieh A\estern Merchants h.-lieve c4n he avoided- Iv proper reo-ulafons or their prompt delivery in hoiul from th ■ V essel to respon.siMe transportation lines suhjc^t to examina- ;; turn and appraisement at this or other i>rominent cities m X I J ItT will l»(' (ho ic i'iv;il routes 1. 1111(1 ( 'hliMul-n Caiiiil.s, thci'c ■ till' .sii|)i'ri()r. lif o|' (IT;", );.,.(_ / "1 miles III' llilli>- (listilllee Ves on IVeiohl Mil ol' ( 'llllllls. !)(■ icdllced ill ire:nlstuils ill (1 necessarily tiiieiit ralheV ' iii>\v iiiiiinlv (lelieiellev ill »' (jUestioii of urn I'reioliis. I'iule lor the M'ciiil marine (I other |iro- aiited return ade with till' (altlH)ULi'li on liii'ht assume itural aspii'n- M(i!' riders to Minunoii with itherto made e.stoni I'ities hoard cities itil their lull eiit are now tion, more or r delivery hy avoi(h"d hy >iid IVom lli'e to exaniina- eitit's ill |iii. ihe whole .(uestion Inn.^vs ]„' trausportatiou chuim's and whether the loivi-n n^ods reach Cliico.,, h, a nroi.eller lunnui- ,Iirectly IVoiii lioston or hv the Iraiislerence into the I'fojH'lerat Montre;,!, the \Vi ,.-t will r.e cjuallv henelited Kvery- Iliiii- however, will depend on tin- lacilities ir mav he th.' noli^v and iiileresi oF ( '..niada to nliord. Wlmt should l.e the policv of ( anaila has heeii loreshadowed ire,|.i,.nt 1 v hv iar seeiii-' men interested m tlu' I'lrie Ciinal loute to Nrw V,uk. Ill isDlt Hon, Israel T. Hatch, loriiierlv iii ('..ii-iess i,nndid ships would l.e lloatin-.. j,, -the ports of your rivals, Montreal and P.oston. lor von would '■ have to send them ilieiv to ne| IVeinhts. The Xorlh'West aims "at direct tra(h,' with iuirope. und lioston helieves that il' the St. " I^iiwi'i'iiee Canals can I nlaruvd they can hrinu' their laruvst •• <'lass of propellers upon the lakes now "en^'aiivd in carryinu' from ••('lucauo to OivdeiishuiL;' and then hy Uail to Ijoston. tliroulih the ••St. Lawrence to lloslon and so hi'ci'.me respectahle rivals To you •111 the inland .•ommerce of this country. Schemes to aceomidish •• Ihes.' (thjeets aie now iieiidini:-. and l' do not hesitate to say that • I helieve a.s certainly as (hat the waters of the St. Law'reuce •• will continue to ||o\v to the Ocean that tlii> commercial exi),'n- ■■meiit will he tried to chaiiuv the dun Is and outlets of (he <■ inland commerce of this country. Shall it he said tli.it the people, outside ol' Canada, alone appreciate the natural advantan'es which the Dominion enjoys hy virtue of its u'eoM-i'aphical i)osition. and its possession of the iinest system of water inter-communicatioii on (his continent ;• So far, it can he truly iirued. that our puhlic men, irre.s])eetive of poli- tical parties, ton-ether with the e'reat mass of iiit(dli;i-ent peoph", iroin one end of the country (,, (he other, have over l)eeu alive to the intimate coniu'ction that exists hetween the commercial prosi>erity of Canada and the improvement of the nohle artery of coniinunication ailord.'d hy the St. Lawrence. ICwn if-we had not the i)u])lic records, or ihe history of our Canal system, or th« expressions of opinion in rarliament. or the utterances of tho puhlic Press, to uuidi^ us in (h'tcrminiim' our policy, we have now in the ahstracts <>-iven elsewhere a larffe amount of valuabh> cyidence to show us the direction which an iiitellio-ent pul>lie seiitiiueut has taken on this imjiortant (luestion. All auTee that till' Welhind ami St. Lawrence Canals should form part of a uniform system ol Canal iiaviu'ation, that the enlaru'ement and extension of one should he simultaneoiis with the enhiriremeiit and extension of the other. 4fi .lls t;''Ii''';nvlully|,iv,,;,r,H!iv|,|,rsnr;h.. |;,,ar,lorTr>i.l..,r In. = "iy l.:irlirul:irr..,m,i.Mv;Ml ii,t,.,vsi, luil ■ ' ' ' iiiKl shipmusii'is. \v '" "ll"IV||;ill|>, .s|lii>l.\VIII'l'S. I '^lak.-an.l ,ts >v,,nP'...n,.nts, •■ Th. rapariiv nr.sH..|. v.ss.. I,, 'u... l.MMl,,. \,u,.n,.,.u,s„! , lln. rp,.,.,. L.ko.s. vi. ; L':) . ..7:;' 7"" '■"'-■•I'- ••.'""-^H.Hl.,.,..,,.. whha.lral. or wat.T < 1 I- IM (ami a rarryiii- capariiy of .-.o on,, |,„sh,.|> of w),,..,! ;;;..i.!...<-.ni,u>i„.is„ru-!„.ai,hn.„..h .1,,. \V,.l d 1 a lmsh.-l.aml,,w.v//.M|.a.: and if ih. In- ks uvn- ,:„la,'., . _ h.s,uruvs,,..I,!,,n..u>i..,,s, ih.n sU.uu u^u\ s.nl y..s.U ,h, 1 .U .-•a,>a...,y ,.1 ;;„,„„, |„,,|„,,, ,,,,,,,1 ,,1 vai.ta.vnusl v .„..,„,.,. he nuh.l,Hwo.„ ,h.. ,■,.,„, ,„k,.sa,..l Mo,„n.l: .Tf, .111(1 )h(> I pp,.,- Lak.'s, „ul „„!v wn,;M tl„. lar-v,. l.„ll „r.l \\.il , l,\ ih, M |.;,a,v,„.,., l.uMTl,,,.,, rafoo,.s „r in.i, ,,,11 .. ;;;j-y^.-,ao(h.M.i,,.avyu-..KN (•( III W'li in Chicai^T) lo,- s:;..-,,, p,.,. n.n,.s,s '■ >Ship« ill Qiioht'c. a!i(l laid ilo ''r'iX'--'..!l!i ";'''''•;■•■'''''•?'•'' ^^"'' '""• I"'—"' nnpo;f;.;.ria;.;- .. ''"IW'} l.|.n..n, wliid, w. hav.« i,u.(i,al.lv n ' MH^onirs „1 paramoun, inipoitan.v 1,. avoid all u.„i.:- . ;;-' > ':"'-lMi>un.n,s, and l,y n.^sp.,,,,- ..v.m-v natural a.lvan- > yeu„h,nou,-pow,M-, n.solv.. u iili h.ait and haiul, ,0 pla',. "vZuv tT77v'T: '" ""*"" <•'■ uiujiu.siionrd lu '"> to thai ol l.ullalo. (>su,,,,„ and X.nv Y.„k an.l tl hxnopo. Ihep.'oph'or ih,. ],,„ninion ou- i. „.,l ~.,t...... pe- ll i.- u H, > !• i';;"l>'<' 01 tile i)o,i, ,111011 owe it to ihciuselve's a- the guardians or a noble hmilnoe ,0 see ,hat the An » ' :"' "'f'»"'>U''^ in; P.'nu.tted to eheek the oaowth ol' ^ eo,u- 1 - hat,sdeMinedioedipseinina.i,itu,le all the lealixa- f>l U.e past. a,,d all tl^Miios, sanguine aniieipations or the " liitiiri ''Ii'i'i'iii:;' ('si>c- 'I'Trailc III' |||i. •rii'iu.'c, iiiii i)[' s, sIiipovviiiTs. Ii till' Irndf of I'll \-.'ssi.|^ |',,r iiilni- Id ihi.sc kf>. \i/ : l'.'Ki niil ol' wiitiT i''l> "!' wIkmI, ■-, mill (■;irr} - i, I'.'iii i)lli)i-(l I -J I'Cllls JKM- ' tisl}' ciiuiii;'!' if real ; jiiid a • 'iiNOiiahly \ir I'V sli'MlinTS I'll Moiilrcul ' I)ulk of tlic way to tide ol' ii'oii. sail. Wiiy into the 1 IVoiil ( )(■(■ III .'ill piM" i;tos,s ipcrfi'ct lari- laiilaiic o\Tr luT ton, II ■.^.sillily wiih I' iiicvilalilv )i(l all uiuic- ural advaii- iid, to placf ioiK'd supc- k, and ilm.- liiiiiiway lo i'ni.si'i\'t'.s as ■ American 'ussihlt' faci- noc ami J^a- i\illi a view lal anmiallv Ian tic. iS'o lis<'al policv h oi' a foiii- Ik' rcaliza- i"ii.< of th,. -..m;.v., ■,i''. h;,,,,;;,;,,, V. ii....,„..i, ,h,. i,.„..,i, '■"'"•' i">i.sl Im. lar-vlv JMnicliii,..! I,, I , ii , '""- "^ ;■'';;'''-'/' 'Ins ponil ,n d.cconr.col i|..i,n.plic. lohc^^^'^^^^^^^^ 111'' < (>nuni,s.'niiis\vi(d<. h.liniat_e .'omniercal relations wtth o,ie another mus, tend to - ojealot.sies, and ..|eate a truly miliomd spirit, which will ' .'' '""■^f ^•""■•ailtee or the slal.ilitv or the edilice whi.dl Ave ,r ii"\\ nil.siiiu-on Ih,. Northern h..,l r ot ,l.i. ; ^^ '"' K' -Northern li.alr o|"' this continent. since /","i ,*""•'" ''"' ''''""'l.^' ^"="1" ^■onsi.lorahle pro.-res.s . .Mheesta.li.shmeiitof the Cunlcderation and the ep.:, o " '-•'•'i'V 1111(1 nipid iiiiri-i'itiM' Ix'iwf.'ii 111.. «liu;.|viii |'r,,\ ,|l,.,.- l lie .•iilMi|»iz,M.lili,. CiMii,! Tiimlv Ifiiilwnv Coiupiiiiv in pulling nil u line .list, .Mlllrl> hrf.vcMI I 'ul'l l.'ind himI 1 1 iilllirx. has ,U,n~' iiiiirli to liiriliiiit,. iiji.l,. l„'t\\.M.|i MoiUiViil aii,l ih,. Ciii.iial .,r Xova S<'oli:i, Tlir Ciill'slrauiNliii.s. \\|,i,li |.lv !.'•! \v.., Ml (^ii.. !),.,■ ShiMliac ami ri.loii. and (uli.T pi.iU ul llir (iiiHOf Si. Lawivn.'r' liiivt' also ([nii(. a uiral id'al l(»u a nls (|..\ ..l(.|)ii|M a ira,l,- w jiiiji, li'li \V!iis iiiro, had ivaclii'd iis iiiMiimuiii pniiit. [ iiri.iliuial.-jv till' TiMdr and \a\i-alinii I,', ■turns, Nine,, ihr iiisl olJniv. jsc,;. wli.'ii ('(>iircdtTati(.ii ranii' iiih. (.pd'alioii. do iiol cnaldi'' u^ i/. iisrcrlilill tlh' pn.Mivss (,r lli>. Hade l.rtWfcii III,. rr.)\i||,.,.s n.ii- .slilllliUU' 111'' Itolllilli.ni. and WralV i'uli>,.,|U,.|lll V luiccd lo.scrk • ds.'whriv !(,:■ inluiinaliuii uimli is cspiTiullv inlrivsiiiiL;- to ii> '" ''"■ I'l'i'-'Mil lime. W,. knnw. h..\v..v..r. thai tln.iv Iia> hvn a steady iiici'casi. in ih,. iradc canicil oii in iln' .•liii'T siaplo oj' lli l'n)viiict.s--ili,. ri.al of N'ova Sfoiia aii.l lli.. Hour ol Ontirio loi iMstaiic,'. Ill IStM, Canada (MiIv (•xi)orl..(l :>s.2:l\ hils. „r ||,,iir |,, N(»va S.'oiia. wliilsl shr s..n| j. •;!.;!.•;(; |,, Halilax aloiic. /•/// lli,. • Iraiid Tiiink K'ailway durin-j' isc'i. TIp- lolal ainounr of slnp- im'iils i;,r lour yi'ais l.y ilh' sain,- roub' lo Nova Scolia and NiMV iiriiiiswiidv w as as lojluw s : L'!>:;.7.V| ls(;s :!Js.Ji) JM.Ii I ■H, S.V.I In ISiM- il.'i ih.. Id! d (jiMiility of llour rX|)oi'li'd iVoiii Canada load lliiiish \,,iih Am. lira wiis onlv l:;7..')-si ld)ls., whil." ilic •jUiiiilily had vca^'hrd .".4i'. (12 duriii- |x(;|t ( )[' ihis(|iiaiilil v i.'|i:!.. TU wric scnl hy t!i<. C. T U.. /vV/ i'ui iland. and llic ivinaindrr hy st..aiU('is and saililii;' \ >.ssc|s l.y ih Si Law iviic... Th.. (>oi|. stiiupiioii (. I' Xnva Scolia coal, oii i! ■ oihcr hand, iv .u-adilv in- crca.siim' in ihi' I'roviin'.' ol' (^)ui'l)c.Oil() hushels of u'rain. and drew IM jeci tl imdies o| \yaler, hut she could oiil\ i^-o through th,' .aiials ).art]y laden. Indoiv this experiment could he hiirly Avorked ,.ul. the ho.il wa-^ hist on th.' low.-r Si. Lawr.Mic.'. hut i"l was ai ail ev.'iits sullici.'nt t.. sh(.\\ what .'oul.! 1).. ili)iie iiii.l.'r more lav. >rahle circumstan.'.'v ■ ■ iU'atioii. 1 he '-rowth oT liil ■rc.)loiiial Irade (h'peiid. on chcii/i fnu/s'/. siiii'e III,, nierchamiiz.. i)assiii.^ h.-iweeii the Mariiim.' l'rovinc.> .p. I li III I rn\ iiici". |>;iiiy ill iHilliiiu lililX, llllS (lollr ill'' ('.-iiiilal (if I Si Law rcllrr. ■■I M'il'l.' wllicli. I iiloiimiali'lv I i>r .Iiii\ , IsiiT, >l I'liiiMi' lis ii> l'|l>\ IIIC'S CDll. ll'l'Cslinn- to Us MTc lias h'cii a I' .stapli- dl' ill (•r ( )||t in>> Inr )i*Is. ol' lliiiir ifi iiloilf, rill llii' iioiiiif of sliip- •olla and Now Isiii; .")T.'s."ili IVdiii ( 'auada l)ls.. wlidi' ihi' (|ii!iniily li'.i:!.. lilt' vcuuuikIit c. TIlC COll- i'^ --U'aclily iii- iH'f III' tradi' is iiiiiljoii and a iiiU' a corii's- piirls has iin n' canal I'din- altcnipl was rsty" Ix'lw .'.■II ni'icls ol' lloiii' t't il inclii's of ; ■ I'iirlly hid.Mi^ ■- lilt' Ixi.il was '% -i I'lils sallich'iit % s 'n'runislaiicivv _^ Ill' l'i'o\iii(' s ^"H (intannn.nsi h..,,,, |„dky .luia, i, ',.,•,.,, uirii.n la,.... vrss..|s .■iri.l ra|,id d.'spai !, lo |,„ roally pioliiaM,.. Wh.n a prop,'!!..,- . an ..'o '"■■'"'■' ''"','.•' '•'"■^""1 <'oal. or oil,,.,' produc. oril.o I'iasl,-)!! i'lo". m.vslo Kill-,..,, a„d Tor auM ,1,.,.' .•,. a iv.nri, iV..,nlil of '"'"■■'•■"•''■>•/""' "lli"i'\\.M'M, piodn... lni,.,',.o!onialT,'a,l,.will lii'vc i'),|,'i'cd ,,,1 a ih'w ,'!a. When Nova. -Iroliaroal or ,]„. l,„s, .|..s,.,.,, „ ,o„ .,,„ |„. .„p. I'l';;'l='l"nidi.ni!.vaudrl„'aply „, W. .>,,,.„ Pons, a o.va, inn.ni:,. ;■"" " ■^^"'■' y !.;• .,,,,.„ ,,,,li,. i.'aii.sr.'ror ,1,.. ,,ad,. of ,l',..S, ''■'^vivn.Taiid Lakr.s ,o .M'.vw s,,.ani..|-s. n I raiisi;.; ahv.ds ,ak-in... i'l'K'.-. lis w.. hav.. alr.Mdy sh(,w,i \ wnm- imi.n'.ssio,, pivvnifs 'I' ii.anv .juarl.T.s w,lli ivsp,',! ,o ll„. valiir of Nova S.'olia ,.o',I lor si. .am purposM.s ; ,„;,„v i!,i,ik ,i vmi\ inlrrior |o ,|„. \,„„,.j,.,,; ;"■';■''; '•"."'^■^ P^mirnlar TI,,. tnn.sl; i' ,1,.. .'as., how.w..,'. i.^lliMl wl„.„,.v.'r.t ha. had a Tair Irial. ii answ-rs .st.'an, pnr- pos.s ,nos, adinnahly. Th- las, animal r.'port ol ih,. llosion an.l Niinaonih (.n. ^,) M.ani Navigation ('oui|.anv t,i vos ..s .soni.. ini- l';"'''"'l Ijirts l„.ann- npon ihis sul.j.'.'i. hi" Iscs, th.-v Ind to '■''■'"-" ' '" '"•'' "■^'•'l 111 lli''ii' Ix'Mls. Ill .•ons,.,|ii,.|,,.,. ,,r,l,.. ,,,.]].,. I'liKMi- Iln' luiiiors or [',..,„. -ivania, ('.,w Hav. Cap,. ];,.,.ton .""' ^^"'^ ""■" '""■"•"I •'" Hi" hill. 'r pari of lh,. season' ''.'","•'""" "'1'^ ^^■"'■" ' ." Jiirhhavd .'..al was ns.d ami '■i-hh',',, wiih sol, or Miiiious. A saviiiu- of .-1,(1011 was (h.> '■'■""" '•' '!"■ '''"' -M-^. Tin. sani,. st^anirr has. on ,h.. ^'■niuv. .■onsuni.',: lu;, . ions ol aiiHiracit.. prr ronnd trip which a 1 :t cos, o ihrcr t ^liowili -'Mson, Willi a thron-h trade l.-twrcn Toronto ami I'ictoii r.'nson to l.,.li,'\,. ihal .-oaj siiiiahh- lor i-.rop.dhM-s •' '>1 •.••.-.'I per Ion, made .$J:.'n. The round tn'i) ret.niivs' rorfv- "iisolCov, liayCoal, whicdi at 6-"..iii» per».,iii. .S1-,4.,V((, i-' a .^avi'.v; ol' .sUtl.-Ji) per trip, or upwards ol s:.',iio()'lo,. ,)„! there is . '■■'"'•:''•■•. .''I"'! ill «h'p Its on ,li,. Like and river I'or vevv Utile "V'M' St a loll. \\ 1(1, ,!„. ..annis ..nlar-ed coal I'l'eitil.ts would he ''"iluced toihe niimiuuiH i.oint— a lake pn^p^'llev would aKvnvs l-nn-hack Iroiii the lower ports a car-o ol' e<,al. rather than comf^ '■iiipiy iustasti,.' Kn.jhsh tiniher ships have hecn ac.'ust. and '" ••i-iiiLi- the same article instead ol' I.allast, Insvpavahly eoniieeted with the -rowth ol' Intercolonial ii'.i'l" IS the construction ol the I!av V.'rte ('annl, across lh,. iMlinms eonneetin- th- Pn.vinc.vs of Xova .^eotia and New f'ruiiswh'k. Ihe advaiita-es that must aeerue, not merelv to lie Doimnioii as a whole, hut to th,. coninierc.' of the Maritime I mvmce.s. are so eh.arly point, >d oui hv lh.' I'.oards of Trade of •II' I'lc i(.ad!nu<'iti,'s or Canada, and hv m.'ii interested in the 'l-veloinneiit o! „ur eomin-.-r.-ia] ini(.rcsis. not .siioply the mer- "hants ol St. John and other jdaces in the locality ol' the proi^osed < .inal, hut merchants of llaiiiilton. Toronto. Ottawa. Montreal 'iiid (^u(.l,ee. (hat it is superlluous I'or th,. Commissioners to d,. I'lor,. than hrK'lly r.'l'er t,. a t.-w .salient r,.atur(.s of tlic scheme .)(l A stcnnicr hidiMi \vi(h (|(Mir lorSl I(Jim V l> „ „• i lln lliro IS lilfhi or IK) ,li,v ''" |ll''ll<'t' is lll;i! Ih,.)',' ii ,„,„■. ,i.,H,„„.i,„ •,'i,;„i;.' '■ •'"'"' "'" "•" '"■ ■.-■ihil;^'s:"",t;;'^:r:r:::''!'-;'''^ M' r-' :i;.v:"'^z:;:;,;:;;;:,:,;;:!;::i;;-:;;;.-- I'DlisiMjMi'iillv less cell -!-;lll..!l]r<,.U the ).Mk..s t,, ]!,,sl,,|,. MlNt '-^s-ii in.,, .hi. l„Mw,.,.u th,.s,. ,„„„is at Irnst :.';,,„.,• III,. h"n.(,M| 1,,„|,.. ,1,,,, l.-i,.h„,i„s. nncllh,. > .a. „,>u's,.n,lsa laruvpoiMio,, ofiN -Ilsh o i,v '."l. ,"^; ^'"■'^- '''-l'"" "^" I'i^'l' lanir whi,.h ,!.. "tlioVl'. .>',';'■, ^'' ";:''^!"il'-"!- '" 'h- UKun.laHun.rs an.l '•arned h ;; L' I 't,';|,^'i^y.'"'^''^'';.'- -^ -•'■-■" <''•'■-' - "-V 'li.' Au(u,u„ u 1 s "', ■'""' '"" '" ■■' "•'"il'l-"mr rout,. i,> i-<|u.a.i; w',^' ^"m th.. h..a.lo|,h.. ,],,. ,„■ Ku,,iy is '" -al as n ■:;; , "* ,■ \.'^^' , ^ "^■'- ''>l'^'""' -|uival„, '■■""•'V -nlnn s'- , ;"(- ;;:i, "; ^^'''" •!-', "';: "^'y ' (ioM Ui. .',' / .11 al) 1,, New \,,rk inr .si>.: II. It ()]■ ''•'''■ ^^■'''■''-;'•--^•'-•---^•;ais,;;.;;..,;:r;,,:,:^^^^ '''I'l-iii-ai,,;,. i,i th,. aulumu o 11 accnuui nl'ii sairr i'(,iii.. ijiau thai now taken tlii.,.>i,,.K (< , '" ' '"ui,. in;,;) n,;,, .^••olia so .' ' 1 ""-• •"'al,.r,.,lu,.,iouon...,ou '''■""'"' ''■""•'■ l>-lwar,L.,n,^N I, ali>,,vu,.rallvkuo ICC, Wll "^ 51 .' U'Oi'S (low II iis|)orf('(l l)y "111 Slicdiiii' \(>\a Scofiii iliil ol' Xc\v s lli;i! (h.Mv V ol ImukIv M;il rhroiiirii ^\ill iioi |,(' o\'i- cxisls lo ;il iiiid till' ; a. and inc nil' l)v (h,i o cojisidci-. Josloii, ;nid It'ast '2') per he ('^peel- 's, and ihc Slrails ol' io l)()stoll. *,\liii'li ihi' 'o.scd ujxiii urcrs and i>al is now ir route in 1(1 per (oil '■lit ui\cii l'"iin.-, li'sscililit;- lliaii tlial ol' Xovii , it is sal'c nn I'icloii 'joi (' sa\- '11 Would i\\ reiicc. \' iviiow n aslh,. North Mior.. ol' Now l!ruiiswick. will also I.,. 1.,mi,. fitted -(|iia!ly with the coal trade ol' I'i,. ton. I.v their heiu.. nH'orded 'i saleran.l sliorler route lu.l oulvtothe l'(;iis ol' the J5;iv „i' FundV l.nt also to those ol' the Xortheasfern coast ol' the Inited States. The jisheriesol' the Hay of I'uiidy are v alual.Ie, aii'<'tioiiortlie D.miinion will he ..nackville, .Annapolis or Kiiiu's Counties in the u'rowtli ol' certain' agricultural and horticultural jiroducts. Not only will this Canal u'ive i'reer access lo lids line sectien, a u'reat part ol' which Is the result of the action ol' the tides, v.hich have in the course of a-es lormed a soil ol'rare Fertility, hut it will eiiahle th.' valuahle -tones of Us (juarrh-s. the olive l'reesi,,ne of 1 torch.'sler, the ■jypsuni ol' Hants and I lillsl)Mrounh, th.' u'riiid and .scythe ston.'s 111 llK'^vicinity ol' Cumherland Kay, as well as the Alhertite of N''\v Ihunswick. which is unsurpassed ior illuniinatinu- purposes, I" h" transported to the Canadian ]\Iarket Ironi which it is now' Mitiially sent out hy the dilii(,ulty and cost ortraiisit. All these mines and (juarricsariMiow in active ojx'ration and "I" .•! lari-v husine.ss with ilie Inited States. 'i'h..y lie accessible 111 the water, and every convenience exists I'or rajnd shipment. A ve,s,s,d lakiim' Ih.'se products oi the .Maritime I'rovinces I" ( anada can return with caru'ocs ol' Hour, and nuiiiuractures of Cnlario and (.hi.d.ec. which the people ol' the Hav of Fundv Torts are now l.uyiiii^- in the American market. ' "'' ••pcillll"' 111) nf iIh. ,, , '■'■'•='1''"'''""^ 'j) ii niiiiii '■ i'iriv;is,.(J (o ahiK ^-!''E::";;:™;;;;t::,:::'-',^':;!^'.-M- ,„„. , ,,;,„ 'l^inns ih,, „,,nn...,l ,..:.,. • -^""^ 'n.,-,.!Ki!i ('an.,! ,, ,s,,„lt S(,. '»•' Il,-Illl|;|| ,.,,;) i^ilnuus or ('I,i„,„,,,„ ,, ,h.. - ;, ' ""' ^"''^ ""•"Hd. (1... ^u ,,.;ct or c.ounM.n.ial .vla-ions , ".' '•"""(■.•lioi, \v,M, ,|,„ ^.,, 1P''0\ rill|.;|(s iial ' "iiporlain I 1 1, i> • ■ I • "" '"" lai I -■iai'n;:r.:^^'';:::;;;:,;'::''''^'-<- .1..,, y""'-silh.s ronna ;,. r ' "- '•'"'^i''"''^' -ncojothosesouih,.,.,. iJui::{:x^'r ^-'< i>-'i. sou.. ■;;;..;; ';-»iiiilri,.s aiiil llh> ''•I'-: I'lil or IV,. ,.,,1 "'\\ '■•-')' 'li.Mii au,| Canada niriioii of iiij;. ro(i,(i(io i,„,.,vi,s '"■'••■^ "I' i>iiik\ ""'■•\'llilU.>l!!,|,. 'l'' '"li'llU'Ill (,i' iinisi |„. pj.,,. <> '»l'c;ik liillk • !hi( woiil,! ";'■. iind lliiis II Sinilt Si-. I-!II> ,,| II,,, lii'oii^i 11,,, ici'cssni'y lo 'l i^ CiHiii- >i'<'\ '■nic.'Ks •il or iiii.M'- ''••li il n!;i\- iiiipoilnii'l (■si)cc):illv '>* Jiiiil il,,, III' rcci'iii •■Ill:'llli,il| "111' liui.' 'U'pointcd possiM,, As vcl, lioweviT, llu' only si'ti;i and New llriiiiswick. (iuflicc has a vciy iiisiLiiiilicaiit direct trade with iht'iii, whilst there is virtually none uilh (liitaiio. Accoi'diim' to ilie trade and iia viii'alion reluriis jnr Isii'.i. we learn the iollowiim- larls : — i;\|ioits I'loni \(iva Seotia New liruiiswie ( )iitario I^Uel)ee 'I'll S(i\llll Aniciir:l Te l'.liti>ll \V 1 '['d l'llipi''|l W.l. S 11 1.010 I.e. II ;!04..''>To si, -12 1.072 *(;o,-,,;-,(n :. I,:i22 (iO.s.no 7:!,20(; m;o2 laiiici'ts I') Nova Seoiui New Hnuiswiek... < )iitario <,hiei)ee l''roiu Soutli .\iiii-'Mc;i. j-'ieni l'llili^ll VV I, i'ruin I'meij^'ii W.l. 142 ;;;!7,lo(i 211,20;. 4(;,o.';2 2(;7.ioo :i4,7o2 s;!,03:{ 212.0SI l''roni another statement in the same returns we lind that oi' the total value of Importations into (^U(d)ee iVom the lbreii>]i West Indies, viz. : 8 1. ■!")•"). ');">4, no smaller amount tlian sil,O32,')04 <'anie throuiih the United States, ( )!' the slOs.r,77 worth that eanie into Ontario !ii!l!t4.r)4,-22] TiinlxM', l,,„i,(l,s. p|,.,„ks ,V<' •• !'"i'.o;!.s ""■^" ''"unlnrs ,l,.,n,.,,ul. |!v .noli.' 1 i i'!"';'"-'- wlii,.), '!'•' Unitrd>S,:;„,,'' 'i..ll,v !,. .so lain-., an ..xu-nl lliroud. Tli(> lai'ii'c.si cjas^ of s,r,.><- ) ;^^o-,.oi'tiuMvsuiisorun,>,.n„';'i:'";;7-'V'''''''''"'^' "'■'-'"^"" are ,n Ih.. aulunn, ,.,-o.o,.d i" "''"'"' ""V.^.lion. ran al.su luonth.sin ih,> v-avin ri,n.. r i ' '">"'- "1' !'>,■ Hv,. roul... "•^' '"^l"'- M'lil ovn.. rally take ijns r'-'Ti''^' ''•-!'■ or t,,,.n;, J;, ^ ;-;-'"]> 'mildin.^^ ,1... '"."\v*>ar.s tin. shippino- in s , '' , '''T .'•''''■^'•''■'•'-''J''. < »,' '? ^l'«l>''"ud posdion olo V in , H r '""' ""^'' "'"■) '"■'■ -''>i,l,.d ^--•'■J^l'''WKndand,;V:'rn ^^SHi:!" I"-'-'' -nnn- n, '' '•^■'l'"o,st,Hpial to thai or,|,> 1 '^''if'^N :w.d I-ran!'l'ia.,. ,ha, .Mainland Mass , „ "'^ i';'\ .- now lakd, ^'"^ -<'u(in..nl. Xoi onlv k; s r ' T '"'.'""'■'■^' "'•'•"l""'l <>" :* •d l.lf!!i.:;27 144,u|() I"7.:;.'{L' I."2."),L':.'i !H)i>,();js •!.ni.".|.V) y '" •■nnnicr- *>ii!;ii'i,, 1111(1 '•''"•''' t'lillills. Ill iliivctlv ill nlxuis wllicl, ''•''' <'aii;,l. u anrali\r l)ack Mio-Mf. ini ])ro(hicc. 'lit lliroiioh si <>i'io'ii|,|(,, '"!■ <'ail ;il.S(i H'llcc lo 111,. 11(1 t.'lll])I(l\ - ij) lor iiv,. i.v <'aM'. the lie hctwccn 'y lake ihis 'S and III,. ■ral)J('. Oi' ricaii ]^',.. '■<' <'l!lillc(l I UKIlillf. ill •<■• — ill lact, iiildiiin- ii.s '<■l'()j)OMi(>iis ol' rajnd de\ rlopniciit despite the I , , I , •, ,. • I'"' "•' >' ii> Miiiwii (lesDirii th,. lor th<" (leniands ()rir;„|,. ,,,,,^,1 |„. sinisli,.,! ; ; and exieiisioii o| ,,m. ^'anal svsle Hid IJie eiilariieiiieiit llowed by ail iiHTcasi. oi' ('anadi; .Mem will llLTeJoiv 1„. inimediat..Iv 111 tonn.'iM'e and ihe u'eiievai n'y whose eo,n,ne,v,all.....v^ Al piv-^enl Ihe Canadian ••ariTin- trade is v.rv niiudi .Ti,.- ""t • 'l.Kll.ll \e>sels J,.,„H the ...asl,,,- ll'ade of the lakes as well ..sol h...sea.l,oi.d iyrere,viu.,.,„,lie reiunisor ,h,: W,l 1 ^"'j'l- "Oil.';;, elseuhe,,., „ will he seen how lai'.v is he ra e !"■ I'liiuls ol Amenean shipowners. , m, vessels are i w i 'lie '• '':f ;.'';■•--;, <'l'';-i^-'> m.-l n-.v.e.o, and must ImX p !- \eiited Jroni trading' h iweeii th- Auhm.;,..,., I .i- ^ , i> i 1 , '"'111 lu. -rtlliei l<'ail Ijake novts and Im '"trad:' ;;■'■. ^"■" ""^ "'^"'^ *'"■'•'■-" '--- o.' s iliii'-t tiade alter the improv,.mei,t of our Canal system. IiHlispensal.leasthe navigation ol'lhe S,, hawreiiee is to the Ameriean.s we ,.11, jusily ..|aim l'ro,„ tl„.m a> on,, of th," ,• „ i '1 "" ;'^^ 'I ^\ ''■-tern .amnlry than ih-'var,. lo ihose ..I' Canada \o •'""': "''•;"oi"""< our Canals are nupVov.d, and, ,he ( ! Ves sees he advantau'es the liberal poliey of Canada has .'oi 1 ™ m ';■'■• ''=" '"•'• ^urplus wealth is no longer at ihe m..rev o K ■•"'!'l "lo.u.l.ohsts and New York lorward.ers. that he pr odm'e ^.s mereased ,n value l.y ,h,. savin.' ,n time, and de..rea>^ the I'ost o Ireiu It whieh the St. l.awr'UU'e nmte olfers her tha h r ;"l>ort trade has also ueeivased in the eo., ,.]' ,'s „ ' hen she will he the H:., ,„ deniaiul that these useless L: snihtecl Navigation Laws, the relic of an aize ol' eoinmercial i'al- lev'ii hM'!:?' 1 •'?'"• ^'«''^'^';<'"^ '>!• a ]-opl.'.\vhose true poi " > IS llu^ iie.'st intere.uir.se with the whole world of •■ommerce. From tile ex-traets we have liiveii in ll Hl.settoi. the value I i.e p,..,p|„ ,d- , h.. (J,,.,, \Ves, , .,. ,„ ;; se ol our anals and system of Inland Navu^ation has hee le pi'e\ ions parts of put on (lie ,.!,,.,,. I,. 1 , . , • ^"'•""^i .>iM li'auo aas Meeli 1 we'ar"" '" "iT ^''-"^^^ r'""^^'''^' '" l"'*''^ "'^^ ^o those on e are now addres.su,,- that it has alwuvs heen the po- C '.,:"' ,s-o^'- ^Vr^''"'V" '" ^T ^-'''"''I'l" -l-'t subn.itted to Poll "" "'" '^"''.I""'<"1 '•'^i = 'm"i'eial relations helween '•""•^'' l''"vu„.es and the I nil.'d State... said' "The IVoe ( • till 3' <' ^li":^"'. I Ins n.pur, h,ul ,nu,.h Hi;.., i„ hnno-i,,,,. X .mis o ,h.. .uhalMi.n.ls or ,h.. (ni,..! Sl.los ,1,.. n.,h , n . .at. .h. Unvr Si. LMv,v,„v.n.I ,1.,. Cnnals ia C.nJ n J A.lann,. ()..,.:„. will. (h,.i,. v,.ss.ls. l>..:„s I V,; i's , • ^ th- (.nv.rniu.nt U> s.-nnv to th,.,n ,1„. us. of ih. s.vt I , -nal.on,.n„sor..,ual„yuhh -h. ,nhal>i,au,s of U,,!' , .n;;:;, .ssan- to ivf.r ,o i!„. iviums of iradv to s.. how hii-vlv fho A.i.en.aus liav.. avail.,! th.ius.lv.s of the privil.ov. • ' i'iiit;'ini.' ' ol' wliich 111' ridit to .•iii.hIjj, used kcs iiiid ihc IS IVci'Iy as sul)j<'(>ls Ih,. tli<' I'ailh or 'vvral st.iitc thr linhHl il foinpro- . i'lslu'rics I't'tuni lor '•■spil<- the- ':iiiiul;i has hriii every 1 il is only aruvlv tlie line reluni eoiiiuierce Is DECISION ARRIVED AT BY THE (,'UMMrsSTONFP<5 CONCERNING THE FOREGOING Woifs^^^ It will be observed that the evidence laid before us relative Jor ^h?.^^'"''''^ onlar.^ement and extension of our Canal v em W frnCT'Tr ^*#'^'\"-"'?' t« ("«"ada a laro-er share of the ^row ing trade oi the West, comprehends a wide ranjre of opin^wi gathered trom all quarters of the Dominion as wella^frZ X neighboring cities of the United States interested n the Sect vesW hi;;^w: o?^hV I 1 ^"T"'^^ to r.,,resent the s 'dS'^ vestta intt lists oi the places Irom which it emanates but for the inostpartitischaracterixedby the broad and deiinit views of Hof,.^'' V'-f ?',^^'""y analyzed the statements and recommen- dations elicited by our questions, comparing them with^ ci other and considering them in relation to Our own rev^ous knowledge of the subject : and after earnest and matu e debbera- tion m the interest of th,,> Dominion, as to the b^si means of at taming the desired object, we are enabled to arr e ^ decilns on the several points submitted. uecisions Although thei-cMs a good deal of discrepancy between many of the replies which have been received, both as to the proper Me think It will be sulhcieiitly evident, all things considered after a lair comparison of the answers o,ven by par"k>s best acquainted with the wants of the trade and the exiS condi 1 defcl tl!.?t 1 ^ "'""''^f i-oquirements-so great an unanimity, indeed, that no person of ordinary capacity can f\iil to see what improvements are essential to the development o a proper Canal system for the Dominion. ^ ^ Sra/e of Navigation. m'^\Iv^\ iV" ? '''"'''^' *^' P^'^I'^^^' ^'^^'^^^^ of navigation for the ma 11 line ot water commuiuc-vtion from Lake Superior to tide ^;^^:^r^''V^f'^'rt''^'' ^^-- ui^^fi^rm size of StL^Sr ^^)'«^^-^ftit including the Welland Canal, the Made ' *^^ proposed Canal at the Sault Ste. 58 not loss than 100 i'.et 1 , t '"^'^ \'''''^^^' thvouo-hout of ^vlth p,M-ro.t ease in any r o r/^'^'^^f^ P«««i"«- .">ich of her both ,u ..rth a„d roc /xcn- < „ ' V'^'."''' '^"'^ ^^''^> roposed Ottawa .ate. 45 ..et in wMth. ^.^1^}^^^, ^^^Stl li^^^^^^^ be m^^Z K^S ir ehamte^^b^^^ "" ^'^'V^^'-"*^'^ Ca„al w,]l width, and of .su?h dran'hrov7r ^h '''';" '^'.r'^^^'^' ^5 loet n mne feet as the Channel „ he m^'S^ f' '^^^ exceeding niently afford. "^^ ^^'^ ^ '^ Richelieu will conve- rill must olWe'be'tSit^^t the [^^.^^'"^'^^ .^''^ "^ ^^o Canal best adapted for the movemnt of t^ ■'''"'•' ^^"^^ "' "«« ^"id Lakes. The vessel that Zlth,; ""/''"'^^^^^a^'^ «f the economy of time and money is the hio 7 • '""\ "^^ -^'^^test he one that will continu^to ransr^^r ll" '"'^'^^^^^ eonse,uently presents the bc5 cSK consEt;^"'^^^^ ''''^ ^^^^o:^^^,^^^^^^^ the last quarter of a every way whetheJ propelled by sll .^^'?'"'^^^^^^"•^'^ ^'^^««els s superseding the paddle ev.rvwW ^^t'^^? '/^^^^'^ ^^'-^ ^^^rew the ocean, the relative numLrnn r^' " ^^' ^"^^« ^s well as on - gradually increasnxg u;:^';]^ '^Uin^ "S ""' """ ^^'^^--« g^ugl^^ll^^^g^f ats were -i^mer years the accepted Canadian and United Stitef pV^ combined action of the ake have been so for remold thTJe";:"/' "" ^'^^^'^^^^ ^^ ^^^ It drawing 14 ket. The channel I.T'' '^" ""^pass through feet in width and 13 feet ctml ^^l' ''"^ ^'''^^'''"^ «^^t to 300 however at the ordinary lelel of 'th' j kJ ""tr f'^'^i''^ '^ ^^^t J- veioimejake. As last as the channel 59 mills will h«. ''■S 45 lout ill Us. at. loast one tvoughout of ,•• <'nch ofhur ^t the slopes ho nature of iiiil, and the 10 proposed ^r between ht of water sed 0/f/«,<,a :'tween the itro siJls. Cr///«/ will -15 i\\^t in «_'xcoeding ill eonve- fho Canal » use and igH of the greatest 'le future, nage and 'ter of a r vessels he screw oil as on steamers iccepted of the in this through t to 300 14 feet channel i wooden screw steamers " NehnskV' "in,l ■ V i '''*, „"*"'^- ' h<' J65 ieet iu length. 84 feet in Wa.f :„d"Co .Vn^T':*;,";" "'"■" the .i.e of. V...0, ,w In °»hi™ J:„ ;i"i;'r;,r(r'„c;ved range between 600 and loOO tonsfwlule mi y' i; « / "o ;.rs7 Sx;;r?:?;;rtonst>;sti;:7;Lr ^H^^l^ somewhere between lOOn!:^ till^'onr" ' ''^""^^ ""^'"^ The .siiperior economy of the larger vessel is sufficientlv establish edbythe ],resent cost of transport on the -reat ch nne s ol f. i betvj...n Chicago and Buiialo^nd l>..ween Ch cla^^^d C^w^^ On he lormer route, where all classes of vessels K-om ToO o S tons are n, use, the average charge on a bushel of whea inVsfiq for the whole year, struck from the weekly nuotat ons w ts ffi^' cents, while on th.' latter route, where the si/.. ,,1 tV, ! i r •? ed to 500 urns, the average cos^ Jbr the t^'^ a/' k^m 'n th^ 'l^e way was 1113 cents, or a dillerence of 5-48 cents for only H3 miles extra distance. Making a fair allowance for this ext I It ance and the tnne and tolls on tiie Welland Cand tht're [s st^ cen;"aSet'%'r- *^" different kind of vessel of about itu cents a bushel. Ihis agrees with many of the answers civ en or, ami'Js'to n^"" "^'^T' '^" ^'"'^' ^« Kingston is glmera ly the same as to Oswego, there wou d appear to be a savino- r F f cents a bushel after the Welland is "darg d, so as 1 brl3 through the larger vessels. This saving is" equal to the col of carrying a bushel of wheat from Kmgst^on to Montreal and the S^S^rr:^;g;:Sf- ^^^ eereaUs carnedl;;!^ vonn^i;-t^:.Sth!^^^^^ than the necessities of the case demand enti?sTot onran S' necessary expense ui cost and maintenance that has to L L^« by the vessel itself in the form of tolls to paytterei on the out- (SO XtW^i'Elo'cr'""' -'"-'^'-•'f 'ime in «m„« .„., JTiV/M o/" AotAw. ed to limi t to 40 ' ^f K ';^^^^""<=« tnulo, wo should feel dispos- «?u lo limit 11 to 4U leet, but niasiuuch as -'{0 nni nP «K<. r < i i now lu use on this line alone are 45 leet wid? wMl fnlc'tii l£ has already established the width and (ho • rAr '"""^/^"^ ^>^^^ mend any change. The replies .rfh.l^/' '^'' "^^ 'T'^™' gouei.il/with fhis view o^t^ Z^'^'tJ":!!::'^:;^^^ he St. Lawrence canals to 40 feet would excS om^er^ .1 the best class of steamers now runnino- on th « mJf ,:^a} a serious injury upon the trade oithe^counlr; '''' '"^ '''^''' Length of Locks. fppf u!'''''^ *iu ^''"-^^ proposed for the chamber of the locks 27ft The Draught. J f( a G 61 illing and ).')er width beam for ?el dispos- ' 54 locks k this fact ot rocom- jond very width of 1 them all Liid inflict od reason he largest ily to ac- ocks, 270 g of the vessel is 16 can be rmed on as much 'ilities of r Canals, perienc- ould be :ceeding oducing Quebec lipment, nted in )etween of com- class of g bulk. is upon ibilities of our Canals and Harbours and to the actual wants of the trado we have agreed upon a draught of 12 feet as xnost suitable for the Vert Cand'' ' ^^ *'"*'^ ^ "''''* ''"*''*'^'' *"°'" *^« ^^^7 The Ottawa Canal. The scale of improvement recommended for this route is O00vT%'V; iK^^t "'*''"I^^ '^'- L'^^vrence Canals. Looks 200 X 45 X 9 l.M. and has been so fixed in consequence of the necu- bar character ol this river, which, when improved, as Kug-rested by the engineers who hav,. surveyed this route, by a series of locks and dams, milking slack water navigation throughout, will be admirably adapted for a bartre navigation simiFar to that a, .. . which novy obtains m the River 8t. Lawfence, aid a' appears '" * by the evidences by far the cheapest means of transport. Thp. Chimbh/ Canal The scale recommended for the enlargement of this Canal corresponds with that suggested for the Ottawa except that the draught may fall a little short of nine leet in case the River Richelieu will not afford it without involving considerable ex- pense. As both these Canals will be principally used for the con- veyance of lumber from Ottawa to the American market, it is desirable that they should be built of corresponding dimensions. CLASSIFICATION OK WORKS. Sero«rf///,— respecting the relative importance of the several public works and proposed improvements to which our attention has been directed, and the order in which they should be pro- ceeded with, we have found it expedient to divide them into lour separate classes, as follows : — Works of the first class. In the first class we have placed all those works which it is lor the general interest of the Dominion should be undertaken and proceeded with, as fast as the means at the disposal of the (xovernment will warrant. These works are — The Sault Ste. Marie Canal. The raising of the lock walls, waste weirs, and banks of the Wetland Canal, on the present line from Allanburg to Port 68 Dalhousie, in a permunoiit mauiu'r to n.l.nit .»,. vessels druvving twelve feet water. ^ ^^'^''S^^ <^^ ^.^^ . Th. onlargement of the Wolland Canal on the .cale adopted T. chin,^ ,;;,d\'L?;nla;rme^ '''?? ^*''^^« ^^'^X *" J^a- adopted lor (hem ° *^' ^ *"""^'^y ^^"^1 on tL scale The deepenino- of the navigable channel in fl. . P;,. «* rence between Oueb.w- .,r,.7 \r , '"' , '" '"^ Ixiver St. irhtatlnw wl,.'"''''' '"'^ ^^•^"^••^''^1 *o twenty-two feet Th Law draught at low water ed ioT it ^^"«^^^^«"«" "*■ *»^^ 15'^y Verte Canal on the scale adopt- Canal anc,ther.seot- locks to .? 7 ^'"/7"*^« «i" ^^e Laehine of water on the mif e silh or in! ":*'"'"*'"VT''^ -seventeen iWi between the Montreal HarlZ'^-udZ, ^'"' "k '-'.^^^^'^^''^a Canal. The lands jnireh Vse ,1 *he nppor basin of the increasing the aeooiilda , o the ' tlX ^t Si ?™7 'T' ''' qnired, we now nronoso v,h..ii . , ' »* this point when re- commodious d "eks S ba in the who 'T 't ' ■^^^^'^'^hment of lington street are to be miX 18 L^Ide^"' ^'^"^ '"' ''' '' W^^' rencJabc;"^r;x:;;f;;[;!!U!^;;;"1,"i i^^' ^'versamtLaw. and lakes between he ve . . ^ ^^" oks ruchoiis in the river egress of these canals «o as n''''"'l"''" "* ^^"^ "•"•'•^'^^« «»d throughout. "" ''' ^'' =''■'-' *°" '-^^n ieetof water /... I:rt:% ^t ^t^^^ll^f ^";^"-- -^^- ^he head of welfare aiulpr;.L-'ty of llarlhnir""?' «^^«««"«'^I to the degree of ^^mlarrL^mJut in rec^mtnir. :jhi'h'\-^^^^^ '''K''"^' be first proceeded with- but wo ri r",7^^^^ them should .hould ie undertX!^i^\V:"ord r'nt'hic'h^fb'^' ''^* 1^^^ recited, or as far as posdble,simult«^ '^'^ '''' ^«^« Canal, among Xl: ^Z 't ^r./^Xr7i;e" Com ^ • '^^'^-^^ resolved, on the subject of th^ Fr!, /u. Commissioners wide discrepancy Swoei the ]i}^" ?i*^""'^^ ^''^""^' ^^^^ ^he Estimates, olie bJinialhi^h a. ^oo^'^'^^^f "/r' ^,^"" ^'^^ 0U0,000, leaves them'in doubt bJth -is Vo L ^ '^'^'7" *-^'' -provement and their probatre;^ it rp^^?:^^^^^^^ flfl work o th,' whole Dominion cannot well prosprntivlv be over- estnnatea, and the (.'o„„„issio„ers are oi opinion that HiXr order that, il ioun.l advisable, action may be taken with regard As regards the improvements of the Rapids in the Saint Lawrence ,t IS very desirable that the depth of ^"ter in t^e liwlt wall'" "° ""'■^^'^"' '^ ^" -'^^-^ '' i«-t -^^ht feet at Z obt'iiln.VT""'"''"""'/'^ ■"' '" '''^'^^'« t^^^t this depth can bo should Idon'''^' '"" "■'^" ' >'nd;.ure. and recommend that it should he done as early as co..; eiiient. The further deepening Tt mavt'l :iff ''fT'^'"'^ '^'-l '' "" ^""'^* ^^"t« practicable, but It may he iett lor future consideration. The Murray Canal is entirely a work of local importance, and 18 not required by the general trade of the Dominion In this exe^utTon ^ho T'^ "''''^' of general importance are calling for execution the Comniission.'rs recommend that for the present the consideration of this canal h.' deferred. Wurh-s of Ihv Third Claxs. J,l\!.h ^'"["^ '''''■'' T"" ^''^''' ^'^''"'^^ t^*' ^"'•k^ which have been undertaken l)y private companies, which companies have received most^liho'^^/'^i^^'T'''.''"'' ^?»«*™'^ting them, under special and most liberal charters Irom the Dominion Parliament ; and for this reason we do not feel warranted in oflering any recom- mendation 111 regard to them. ^ These works are, — The Caughnawaga Canal. — The Erie and Ontariu Ship Canal. Workx of the. Fourth Class. \JI\a^^ /o^^A./ass we have placed that proposed work, pro- jected by a chartered company which has applied for a grant of the public lands to aid m its construction, but on which we do DomSn™''" ""''^ expenditure of the public resources of the That work is, — rn inches. The iall in the rapids varies according to th,. dilferent stages of the Lake and Kiver, from 17 to 19 ieet, 1)ut is generally about 18 feet. This^ survey was made at a time when side-paddle steamers were in the ascendant, wh.Mi they had nearly reached their maximum ol size and tonnage, and monopolized the -reater share of the passenger and freight business on the Upper'lakes, _ The screw steamer was then on its trial, and its superiority lu ponit of economy, speed, and carrying capacity, was as yet un- cieveJoped. ■' f>.. nf 'Vr* '''"■1^"^''\8- therefore that under these circumstances the Chief Lngineer ot the Department proposed to build this Ldual of su icient size to pass the largest class of side-paddle steamers at i^hat tune employed in the trade. Locks 350 y 66 x 10 ieet, and the prism of the Canal 130 feet at bottom and 140 teet at surface to admit of two steamers passing each other in any part of the C-.nal. His estimate for this Caintl wifh 2 two lock.s (which it was necessary to build when th.' breadth was so groat) was $480,000. If the same amount of work had to be performed now when labour is so much higher, a lar"-e per- centage would have to be added to this estimate. ° It is believed however, that on the more moderate scale we have suirgested lor the Canal system of the Dominion, it will be qiUte prac icalde to overcome the whole fall by a single lock of LS^fbet It, and thus avoid the expense of the regulating weirs which would be necessary if two locks were constructed to divide the ro,l,JMr'''" "»f.t;"f y «iwi'^^^>" ^lie construction and operation, reduce the quantity of woi;k to be performed, and consequently the cost of the Canal and the time of passing through it. ^ There are now no less than three locks of equal lift in daily doubt'^t^T- ^'" ^'^Y'"^ ^''''^' ''''"^ ^'^^^-""^•'' ^^^^'-^^ -"^ ^>« no doubt, that if properly constructed, a shigle lock will be found GG most suitable for this short Canal, the last link in the groat chain ol the Canadian Canal system from Lake Superior to tho Atlantic VnnT-. r . "^^^^^'''^^^ ^ost for a Canal and single lock— Canal 100 ieet bottom, 110 feet surface, 13 feet deep— lock 270 x 45 x 12 including the entrance piers, and excavation to deep water and superintendents' and lock-tenders' houses, is $550,000. THE WELLAND CANAL. The Grand River Level. 1 y^ *? ^^j.'' *""*' ^^^'' uavigation of this Canal has been depen- dent on the Grand Kiver. ^ This rirer takes its rise in the southern part of the County ol (xrey, less than thirty miles from the shores of the Creor"-ian liay. In its circuitous course of one hundred and thirty iniles thence to Lake Erie, it, with its branches, waters the greater por- tiou ot the populous and flourishing Counties of Wellino-ton Waterloo, Wentworth, Perth, Oxford, Brant and Haldimand'aud drains an area of 2600 square miles. If one-half the annual rain fall within its watershed could be stored up and let off as required, it would afford 275,000 cubic feet ot water per minute or about nine times as much as would be necessary lor continuous lockages both ways for the enlar"-ed Lanal. Uut there are no means of doing this and only a frac- tional portion of the supply can be utilized. It flashes off at the (lara at every flood, and the waste is so great that there is often HI dry seasons a scanty supply, even for the smaller locks now in use after shutting it off from ail the mills along the line. A dam at Uunnville, lour miles from its mouth, raises the water in that river nine feet, making slack water navigation for 16 miles as lar up as Cayuga, and a feeder 21 miles in length, 26 feet at bot- tom, and 9 feet deep, co eystothe main line at the Junction the water required for locking both ways— towards Lakes Erie and Ontario. A ves-sel entering the Canal at Port Colborne is first locked up 8 feet to the present summit level of the Orand liiver and going towards Port Dalhousie begins its descent immediately after passing through the deep cut at Allanburgh, a distance of 16 miles from Lake Lne, and in its course crosses the Welland Kiver by an aqueduct at a distance of 8^ miles from the lake. e A /^^ !?^^ H *^^' J""f-tion is not used so long as the Canal is led irom Grand Fciver, but when Lake Erie becomes the summit and feeder the water on the main line will be lowered to its level and this lock will then have a lift of 8 feet, and will be * s t a a 67 used for all vessels and craftj passing thence to Dunnville and Port Maitland. From the annual reports of the Department of rul)Iic Works It appears that while the l)usiness on the Canal is continuallv in- creasnig the supply of vvnter continues to diminish from year to year, and ni some seasons has fallen as low as 3 or 4 ieet in the summit level. At no time, however, has the navigation been stopped on the mam line from iailure of supply in the Grand Eiver, because of the great dei)th in the summit 'and the power reserved to the Superintendent of shutting off the water fvom the mills when it is wanted for the Canal. Lake Erie Level. While the Grand River, therefore, has continued for thirtv- seven years, ever since the first opening to Tort Colborne in l«-5o, to aliord a precarious supply of water, the existiii"' condi- tions oi the navigation were ncM-er considered satisjactorv nor looked upon as hnal. They leit the most important link "in the. great chain ol water communication, between two <>reat La .es entirely dependent on the stability of a wooden dam! the sn'm- ciency ol an earthen embankment, and the possibility of failure in the source of supply. At an einly day it was foreseen that as the country through whicii this river took its course was cl.'ared up lor settlement, and opened to the iniluence of the sun and winds, it could not be depended upon as a feeder. It was, therefore, wisely determined by the Board of Works as early as 1843, to make Lake Erie the summit and ieeder of the Canal and the plans for its enlargement were arrano-ed accordingly. ° It was at first intended to lock down at the Jiinction to Lake Lrie level, and to raise the banks and mechanical structures on the summit of the main line from Allanburgh to Port Col- borne to that level only ; but when the Slides be^an in the banks of ihi^ Deep Cut, it was deemed advisable to raise all the banks and structures high enough for the Grand liiver level, while at the same time the bottom was kept down to that of Lake Erie so that as now arranged this 15 miles of the main line of the Canal IS adjusted for both levels. The Guard Lock at Port Colborne is provided with a double set ol g'ates made to act in opposite directions, and the walls of this lock, ol the lock at Ailanburuh. the locks into the W^'lland at Port liobinson and Welland, and the walls of the aqueduct are all now raised to the Grand liiver level. In the event of the navigation, at the low^er level, being t;8 .siopp.Ml l.y iu'ci.l,.ni,s IVcu slides. i( was a...nno(l in(lispoiis„l.l« tliat lluMV should |„. Ill,' iiH'Miis ol' rcsorliim- t<> ihv hi..li,.f l. dinvt li,„> oi' the W(.|land Canal hHwc.Mi Port Col- >"nu>and I or! Dalhousi,., prosoiits (h,> low,.st sun.n.it I.Hw.m.u thos.- two lak.-s-yH „n this lino, nature has iuh-rpos.-d two for- mi.lai.le Inh-s ol dHen.v a-ainst the waters of the uiip.'r Lake I h.- ,nyf eons.sts of a hand of stratille.l limestone two miles in •'vad h aloni.' ihe lake .shore, risui- .-i-ht, feet al.ove Ww level of ihe lake. 1 lirou-h this a ehaunei has been eut 6S feet u. hreadth witii vertieal sides and with a depth of 12 feet below the lo water surtaee of the lake. w T/ic Drrp Cid. The .seeoiu). line of defence is the - Deep Cut ■ near Alhin- Imr-h, about a mile and three quiirlers in leimth. eoiisislin- of Hay, restmo.,,, ,, h..,i ..f .soft material of the nature of ,juiek-saiul 1 his elay cutting' ])resents more formidable obstacles to ti Lake hn.- summit, than the lon-er and harder roek exeavation ' rrom Ihe natural surfaee of (he -round to the Lake Krie l.ottoi level the depth at^ tho summit of the eut is 45 ieet, but in consequence ot tlie spoil bank havin- been at lirsl placed too near the slopes the d.'i.lh ol the cutting since it has l)een widened is (lO fc-t. ' In the early hist.>ry of this undertaking by the Wollaud Canal (ompany, as previously stated, it was attempted to make t -^ Wclland Kivor the leed»>r, and it was not until th.n- had succeeded „i ex..avatino- two-thirds of ihe whole lem-Mh down to that bottom h>vel, that the slides occurred which clo.svd up the ohaunel. and compelled the Company io abandon their plan and sees a Jui^her level. Hy nieans of powerlul steam drodoe.s ihe Deep Cut has been excava ed to a depth oi l!»i feet belowGrand Kiy'r lev.d or ^ '- ee b,.|ow Lake Lrie Level, and lifty feet at bottom. withsL-, . ioet horizontal to one foot vertical ; but serious slides on sev -mi occasions have all but chwd the channel, and their removrJ ' ,,s delayed lor many years the achievement of this important desi-m 1 lie work was be-un in IM.I, and with slio-ht intermission has b "eu piosecuted Irom year to year until the present time In the hist Jjeneral report of the .Alinister of Public Works for ISO!., the hope was expressed ot briniiin^^ the Lake Erie water into he canal aunn,^Mhe summer of 1870, but settlements in the banks havi J- been discovered iii four dillerent places durino- the reason o la" vigation m 18(50, fortunately without any accident, the oWer u • (59 <>}' llic vviil.'i- hiis hccii (Icrcncd in th,. 1„,,„. (i,.ii i,, tho nicjiTi tunc tin- blink ol' Ihcriuiiil will .so.idil'y and IxM^oni.- niori! sccniro. 1'li<> u])p.'r j.oilionol this ciu, is a sfillstionn' <'liiy, piissin..- l,y dojrrooN iVK It f-ws Im'Iow th." wat.-r. inlo a trcaclicnms luistaMi' miitcnnl ivs('nil)linn- .luicksiUKl. When ii, slide occurs Ihc holtoni rises and th.- harder niiit.-ri;d iit the top desc(-nds on the line of trncture, and tak(-s the i)l:.ce o| tne sol'l.-r material The dred,i,nni.> opi-nttions remov.- tlu- soller sn])stanc(-, and th.^ h:ir(l(-r day is left as a linini;- to the bottom, jrivin-' i^-n-ntor resistance to the jn't-ssur.- of ih(- banks. It would Then-lore iipi)ear that tho only practical me;ins of preventin^• slides is to removo the Kuperincumbent weio-ht ot the spoil ba«ik and wid(-n tht- cut. Years a<>'o a scheme was mooted of washin--' oid the o.-ep (•nt aiid wast^l^■ the material down the valley of th" Tw(^lv.^ Mile_ Orec-k, aiui if there had been any other place to receive the stull than the harbour of Port l)a,lhousi(\ and the canal between d and St. (\dh(>rine's, the projecd might have been enter- tained. W/in/. thr. lCn/ari>e»ienl reqinrex. In order to eidaryv tlu- W.dlau.l "amd to the scale now- proposed -locks 270 X ir, •; 12, and , ..al 100 le.-t at bottom— it wdl l)(^ ne(;essary — 1. To construct a new canal IVom Thorold to Tort Dalhounie. 2. To raise the locks, banks, and weirs on the present line so as to give 12 I'et-t water. ;^ To deepen the Harbors at Port Colborne and Tort Dalhousie to If) i'eet, so as to give sale entrance to vessels draw- ing 12 leet water. 4. To widen and deepen the main line betweei^ Thorold and Port Coll)orne to 100 leet bottom and l;3 leet deptii, one loot l)eIow the lock sills. T). To build a second lock at Port Colborne, in order to admit mort> water into the canal ko close together that even sup- posing it possible lu ■•onstru'-tthe large locks on this li?)o without stopping the naviiAn^m, and to make use of one of ti)' present walls to form part of the nexv locks, still the enlarovd lo< ks M-ould be placed so close together that there would not be lei* v. vessel's length between th-'m. They would be tantamount to o. mbined locks, the operation of which is to retard the passao-^ of \ pssels and cripple the efficiency of the Canal. ° Therefore, as combined locks cannot be admitted on such an important navigation as this is, it is imperative to seek another hue where ample basins can be established between the locks to admit of the passage of vessels and capable of holdino- an abundant supply of water for working the lock without drawing down the levels. It is believed that there is no difficulty in find- ing such a line, and of locnting the locks on the sloping "'round descending from Thorold to Port Dalhou.sie, where an e"fficient canal can be economically constructed under the most favour- able conditions. This survey is now in progress under the direction of the Public Works Department. Lateral Cut to Niagara. The idea has often been discussed of making an entirely new line of Canal from Thorold to Niagara instead of the projected one to Port Dalhousie, thus giving two entrances to the Canal from Lake Ontario. The inhabitants of the town of Niagara have alwayt hvely interest in this cpr Mon, and only last yeai % r, was formed and receivt .' most liberal charter .i minion Parliament for the construction of this brancii cen a 'pany V rr lite Do- A surrey for a lateral cut to Nia^..., Barratt andKeefer in 1839, and again by Mr gara was made 185-4. The estimate of the latter i t>y - Walter Shi, or a canal 1 2 J miles i rs. in :th on a scale commensurate with the Sault Ste. Marie Canal, with tfeiJ 71 locks 350 X 75 X 12 and Canal 100 feet broad at bottom was at that time nearly four millions of dollars. 3Iore Water in Present Canal. While the construction of the new line is in progress it is not only necessary to keep up the present line to its" lull working capacity, but it is a so desirable to extend iiu-ther accomn^odation the trade by making, it of the same depth as the propose pT- largement, viz., to pass vessels drawing 12 feet water For the class of smaller vessels it will be advisable always o mamtam the existing line of locks and keep them i cod working order At a moderate expense, these locks w ih^ihe banks and waste weirs between Allanburgh and Port 1 a hou.le can be raised and finished in a permanelit manner to admi 12 feet of water on the sills, and as this would have to be done at any rate, it is better to do it at once and secure a present advtn tage. The entrance locks at Port Colborne and Port Salhou ?e foTf"""^ ?\ n' lu^'P*^"^' 1- ^''■' o" their sills. Th .v'ond lock Irom Port Dalhousie is at St. Catherines, ^ miles fro m th^xl The aqueduct is also 45 feet in width. Thus the i>art of the Canal where th. smaller locks obtain is confined to' h eilht miles between Allanburgh and St. Catherines. The 24 locks' on SS buntZ-'^'r 'f^ -'}!X'- ^^''y ^'-'^ originall/i^^l^ioS ;ll^ i ? '""^ draugh , but some years after they wer,. com- pleted the water was raised to 10^ feet by boltino- down timbcM^s upon the copings of the walls and by raising "the bLkr.nd weirs. The immediate effect of this improveme^it v'-^s to hVcr ' e Zt-oS\:^:^' if ?>f ^"'^"^^^ ^'^'^^^^ the ctial from f^cH^t Will i.n. : i. ! ^^'' ''"'^'^ '"''''''''' -^''^^^''' addition of 1 - lea Mill increases the tonnage capacity from 500 to 650 tons net. themie^lvZ nf'"" ^If^^^^ that ship owners will immediately avail ninf^ f ''''',^ ^'' important addition to the carryino- capa tt^ouf h th V'^'t' 'f. '^''''^'^ "^'^^^*^« '' ^«««ity of^hthig through thai canal, as they are obliged now to do when hl^avily be re^llaclTr/rh^J'^^'V'^'^ ''''"^ *" raise the water, should ■ nd b.nkf.hyi 1 K ''^ masonry, and the lock gates weirs ^na banks should be permanently finished to the higher level 72 nrvKij ST. LA\vin':N(^K. QiH'hfi to Montreal, Disfann- HIO Mi/cs. _ ncroivaiiy iniiMovcnicnls were (U)iiiiiu>iicc.l oil lliis purl offhc M I.iiwiviiro tlu. (Inumht of \ css.-ls wiis liniil,',! hy 111.' lints in L:ik.' Si P,>l.'i' |{) 1! r.vl ill low wutcr. The dmlLrinir of a chuimcl tlirousili this hiko was (•oniuiciicca in LSI I aiitr co poled in ISOf) at a cost ofill,;) 1T,()|S. It is 1 1 i i„il,.s Ion--, ;{, \yi.l.' at l)ottoni, and iicarlv, if not (iiiit»., •20 ]Wt deep aT lo Walrr. in- w As th.> drcd-^-iiiH' of this arlilicial chaniu'l i)roci>i'd(Ml, it, was dis( (MiM-cd that si'v.'i-al other points in lh.« track oj' sca-i^oiiiT Tosscls prcscnl»'«lol)struclions which likewise had lo])e reinovecr riu'seareall particularly pointed out hy the (Mii,.| j-hm-ineer of the I'nhhc Works Deparlin.'iil in his report of the LVith January 18()S, puhlished in the genoral report olthal Department lor the same year. This marked improvement in the channel of uavij^ation has given access to Montreal lor a much laruvr and heller class of t^ea-o-oiii;.;' vessels, incliidiiin' .Atlantic sl(>aniers of ;i, 0(10 Ions capa- city, the ellect of which has heeii a coiisi.lerahe reduction in the cost of Ocean rrei-ihl, and a correspoiidini.- advantage to every hanoh of business throughout the country. "" In order, however, lo heneiil to tlie full exI.Mil hy the pro- posed enlargeinent of the Canals and to he prepared for the great increase ofhusiness (hey will naturallv hrino- lo Montreal it IS considered essential that still furth.-r I'a'cililies should he ex- lemh'd lo .Atlantic vessels IVequeiiliiig Ihis port, so that Ihev may be in a i)osition to comiiete successfully with New York and Boston snipping for the carrying trade to European ports. ]\[any of the larger steamers now Iradiiiii' al Monlreal draw from IS to '2;? feet laden, without coal, and raim-e from 290 to 350 feet in lentith. For the securitv of the navigation the channel should be as wide as the lengthof the vess.>l, and the depth fully one foot more than her draught ; Ihis would retpiire the en- larging the channel through(mt. between Quebt>c and Montreal to 400 fi'et in width and 24 feet in depth at low water. The cost of such an enlargement has been estimated by the chief Engineer in his report, before referred to, at |2,500,00(t', but he stales that having made no exaininntion for (his purpose he assumes the depths shewn on the Admirallv charts as giving a lair idea of the channel way not included "in his survey^s ; con- sequently it is not founded on correct data, is partly conjectural in XI m ni II, . „o,k. Il„ rcim.rkN that ,(, jn a work of ..,•,.,( „,.„, ..:.:;.i';;:;';:;;;:^!;ri;y;:»t,:;r,':"'::i;!:l:;:;'-' »""- «,ui^l:,:;;-j;:;;';;;;';::U!;::/Lj;;:::r'y':;:r^^^ p;;:^:!7;::;i%;;;::t;;;;;;:,r,:r;;;:,::;;i;r;n,.!:'; Tn..iwi (1. >( a I '" '"• ""'"'" "lie llic ( oriinii.sHioiifr.s rccoiri. »'^' u.Ml.rlak.n u.mI pro-M-.d.,! with as alr..al ' ^ u- .u'l, sull.n.n ly lo allow v.^s«..|^s s an.l I ,. h i « id he subnuLl.M an ostiniat. of $loo.„„o, pn.di.at.Hl i i n k h..sanu. iM.lhodor pi.r work and bhtstn.,- „u, of h ^T.a i .j ">Hl«>nhM.r,u,o:hl of JO i;...t, but r......u„n;.id.,l b..|on> a . ty '-'^'^l that in order to ake a per eetly navigable channel throuehout, from I'rescott to he head ol the La.hme Canal, lor v.-ssels drawn... 10 feet >^oeau.CedarsandCaseade,s, the channel, thnmizh whitdi were Lt'thV".n . 7' ''' '• ''" '^''^''r^ ^■^•"•'" - t« !'• 1-t deep, and that the cost ol carrym-. .it th plan .„ taeir svstem o f sub- manne blasting' would be •> ,-20,000. It does not app..ar,hcwevei that any action was taken upon this Report. '"«^^^^^r. Ixr.r'^^J: '^' ^; 'V'"''"' '" '•*^l'.°^t"^y <>•! the C.uitrhnawa^ra Canal, in m u:..T ; r ^^' ^^^^^'^.r"J*''-t;""«l an unfavourable opinion of he " .;. n n " '^''"\ ■' ^' '^'""^^^ ^■•'•l'"'-^" '•' ' - .mproveineiit m " a e V h ; *;'"f^'^^'^^*".'^ propeller of 000 tons with reasonable •.' n^s'e ^ 1^ V n'''^'"^' ^I'P"''^^*^' (^-rnwall and Beanhar- ■ m e tVon';] f^ '''^'" " "" "^^^''^'^' '' ^''^ ^"•"""^^^l to the route from tins source. With the information supplied liy these Keporls, the Deparl- nout of Pubhc Works did not undertake anv improvement of he vapids, and consequently, up to this time, the channel throu-h them remains m its natural condition. = We have not time at present to sriye this subject the con- sideration its imporlimce seems to deserve, but wo state that in our opinion by a judicious employment and combination of the 76 two systomH— pier work tor foiiliuiiiy llio (Mirrciitis williiii <('rtiiiii limits, and Bul)-!U|m'ouK MiiNtiiiu' witli the inorf powcrliil vxiAo- isiVf Bllhstiviiccs now ill use, iiitio ylyctuiui' or i///niii,ii/r—\rYy ioiisi(l,.ri\l)l(' iiuj)rovt>iiu'nts ciiii ],r iu'jul«, juul iit ii umch moro rnodoralo expenditure tlmn (lial contemplated in the last estimato laid hel'ore tlie Puhlie Works Dejmrtmeul. SAINT LAWKKNCH CANALS. An (estimate was prepared l»v the Chief l!;n^•ineer ol'the De- partment oi' Pul.lie Works in iHfio lor inureasinir the druus^-hl of water in tli.' St. Lawn>iiee Cami' lo 10.\ leet—lfie depth speeiiicd in the Adtlress ol'the Le<.islati\ e As,seinl)Iy of Canada of the itltli March, iH.V.». The Mniiineers rei)ort aiid estimate wore [)nl>- lislied in the rnhiic Works report for iH.V.t, and were a.companied with copi(ms notes, "explanatory of the circumstances, nanire, and »>xlent of the work to lunlone " in theaccomplishmenl ol this ohjec^t. Th.' draught at present is nine feet. To increase it by only Vj feet, the estimated cost was !5il,028,()()(). It does not follovv however that douhlim'' this increase and makinir the draiiL-ht 12 instead of 10.^ feet uill necessarily double the co.si. The difier- ence between raisino- the bank.s, and deepenini? the canal for 1| feet or l-r :{ feet nniy be directly arrivedat, but if certain hxik Avails hav be taken down in order to sink the sills, or if the sills can oil. wis(> be lowered by uiidersettini>- Without disturb- msj the walls, the mere addition of work and material necessary lor three feet instead of U feet, is small in comparison to tln' cost of the elaborate preparations indispensable in either case. On the other hand since it has been recommended to add 70 feet to the length of the locks, whi.h was not contempln 1 in ihe estimate referred t.. it is eviilent that it cannot be taken at thi'i time as any nn-asurt^ of the cost of increasinjr both the /<•«"■/' mrul draiighlin th.' scale now proposed. It will therefore be necessary that another survey and estimate should be made in order lo as- certain th(> prol)altle cost of the enlargement. It is unnecessary ther<'fore at present to enter int. the en- tiinecring details respecting the manner in which the existing ^vorks will be atlected by the proposed enlarucment, but it may be proper to state in a general way that we di not apprehend any -erious dilhculty in carrying it' out, and that we think it may '•e acc(miplished for some\ henj about the sum of #3,150,000. Lachine Canal. From iheevidenct! laid befon^ us, as well as from the Annual Iteports of the Public "Works Department for many years 76 =^:t;i:!;i;;r,r;:::t-r;:;-K;:rr-^^^ ^n, .h. c.,>nn...tion hnin",; ("n ''a s^T tr^ ^I^'^^k' ''"^"^■ of thi8 port. As th n iC' ''^'"^y "^ "I'o» the bu^in.ss ^v'orse. Th. entrance M. ^^^ ' ^TV' V" ^"'b' «vttin^. q.late to the p osent rcmirei .-n " • "'• '^''.'^^^^■*h<-r inaclel aetion should ll la^'n^ "n.^;' t./^:^ , l^i/ •?? ^'l!* ^T^ f^^'^^^Zr!^l^:;trI^ ^« this terms : — ='«i'i>i}ing it, in the lo]]owini>' "room and wareh,,use c ,mvdtrthi?i. ' '" '^^^ffreuter dock " this year to be afforded ^^ "** ^''"'''''^' «^ ^^ likely 'n ^J^^^^T^^u'!^^' ^«^"- '>'! ^he south Sid :;aeepoidnJ the ch^nlei'-^^^u^h S:;.^Sli;'o;[,!^V^'^^^{ ^"^ up to them, sea-"oin.r vess,.]s mnv J^ih i • r. , ¥''^'' ^"^^^n I " ' ''" ^'°^^f?ht in I ;: Trunk U^Kvay, for the^dU^K 'n^iJ^^r'^.^?^ l!ll^"d of the canal, and >asin it in "Trunk Kailvvay,>o7thVdmU-hTimm!''?^''''T'';"i^ ^^'' ^'^™^d ;' locks has been^inade 6 i^t "exV^^^^^^ ^^e two lower " reouisite quantity of land ha' foCs L !/ ^'" '''">''' ^"'^ ^^^ "«ti(l retaii/ed forlhat expres^purfur "" ''"^"""'*' ^"^ ^« "acc;;s^toZ^i^g^iS:,!;nr^^^r ^^^ "-« *^ ^-^^ " that tho%equisite Lcommodation c. h ' ^'u. '■' '\ ^'^'''''^ " mannc^r, in the rr-adiest w^v o,, ? . !u ^'^ obtained in this " ^'^I-nditure, B d i thV^advan?^ . T/ ^^''"* ^""«"»t «f " afforded, the sale of he buihW f' "" ^^^ *'^^^« *J^«reby ;: the erection of vva^ehote "wS^:,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ basins, fo^ years, more than repay the cost of tl^ coLtmSr "' " '''' ' of t^eMt L™:r^;^£ir:^ the importance M the trade ,:->ring, and transbipping"g"fi,f3^jr^*^- (- -eiving, " count the inconvil,;i5(),0()0. Adding %iH.1.5(i,()(M) for the enlarii-ement of the JSt. Lawrence Canals, the total cost will be $4,500,UOO. BAY VERTS CANAL. The evidence submitted points out with remarka})le force and unanimity, the necessity of opening a highway for com- merce between the Oidf of St." Lawrence and the head' waters of the Bay of Fxindy through the Isthmus of Chiguecto dividing them. The project of connecting these two tideways by a canal has been discussed for the last fifty years without "arriving at any practical result. The perusal oi the reports heretofore made by Royal and CMvil lingineers including that of the Chief Engineer of the Department of public Works submitted to the legislature in 1869, tends rather to create a doubt as to its practicability than to encourage a hope of its accomplishment. Li his several interviews with the Commissioners this latter gentleman r i)resented that the surveys as far as known did not w^arrant him in saying whether the canal was feasible or not ; but accepting such facts as he has made known to us we canno i 7 s ^'^e that nature has liero nl'.P<.<1 , Huoii Allan, Esq., Chairman, Canal Commission, Ottawa. Mu, I beg. to sulmiir the ibllowinn- <>l the. Ijay \erte Ciinal. '•''marks on tx.e practicability wori^'\:;;-.i;rs^::;!-Vr ;- ^^^^ ^^-'--^ without as yet any delinite ae ion h vi ''"'\'-' ■ <^'^'^'^'^i">-^tion, that vvhil,. Captaiii Crawley [> " ''1; ^''''' "'"''t"'^ *' -PPears cable, .Mr. Thomas Tellb d C F : , ? ^ pronouneed it impracti- iu:,mntters, when report .^..mMlwr"; '"^'^"";>' ''^ ^"^i»-«'- Herious obstacle to be encountVni. ''"^' "^ ^^^•'"^' " ^'^"' »« abov'So^:^^:^!. ircSmi;::;;:!,;;'^":'-":'''!'^^; ?-""^ - ^-t vvater streams of the 1st , . ^r, '^e!?;.^ ^^; ^>;' ^^^^l by the Iresh that the whole of the 0^0 t ovev 7'h b-nvover. observiag tvveen the two ti '' l^''! ''''''^ ^^■'" 1>'^-^'^ ^^<^- P^'«od ior the top water line o he ciu l^.r \"^ Cumb..r]and IJasin ol- the extra locks on Mr J all'st m nn ir."' n' '^'V '^'' ^^^'"^^«i'^» navigation and attbrd better .Zriu"'''^ -''"'''>' ^''''^'^^^' ^he tbe water of the adjoining di St m' - ;.c.,u.nn^ the use of this su nmit 14 tWi deen 4^ i . ^ J ' « ""ate ior a Canal on Mu-l:.ce, except in de.:^ Itit w l^I «;'■' 't'"' "'^ ^ ^'""^ '^^ f-t and top -OiVet, whh lo K m !^l 'it'^'l ''""'^^ ''" ^^ ^i^'Thng; hut no provision w s ne le n n -^'"^ ''"' *-'^^'^-««« barboars at either end. ""' estimate for piers or -nee"^SeXCl!'wor d' 7"'V^' ''''' ^'^« ^hief En- ;-n of th,. hi:.hest pri^ • u^s^ h "cu nh " "iT'"'^^ '^^'^' ^'^'^ -^"P- b'wl of ih,. canal ;' , 't,. " ''' ^ ""^^''^J^^d 15asin ;is th.. summit doubtless h;rma;'";;;:;':':;'^''::r'^^''^ ^^y '[■■ T^H-d ^ .zi bii^'best «prino- tides u-unltt" ''''''''^''' "" «ays the fact the canul could only he used f^upply would be irreo'ul 'br a few h on n: " h rs at a time, and 79 • at tlLstant iiil,.rvuLs, whibt it would •' during n,.aptitk'8." he wholly uns.Tvicvuble nlity Cumherlaud iJa.i^CL ^!:;,^^ jj^^; f/^ -^"'""t above that of "moro ,s..rvic..abJ,. if thrmain nl <^^"i='l would be much '>elow that «uinrau;- at uyTh.i ;i '^^^^^^^^^ ^'^ "> 1- ^'^'^^ an abuaulant supply « 1 r n s h v S ^'f / "'^^« ^^ quite probable water ol'the l^ayU-FuuiVeoui b. ^ . ? "^H"""'^^' ^^"^^'^'^^ »^*^ m^.tern eiitrau/o oitl "ain P '^St*'^' i'.^' '^ '"'''^ '^^ ^^e c-ould be judiciously cnedoui , ? ^V''*^'' V^''^ arranoemeut and nature of the i- roZd Ixtwlen^ h" f' "'''-'"V '*" f^'^' >>^'i^ht v-Htnrins- to oiie,^ de in e o ,i \'"""'^^' ^''^"'^■'^- J^"l<"-« -rvov and .'xanunn^i 'r' • e iSC"; ^^'hir^""""'^ ^"'^^^^^'• proo-ress uiuVr his own directions hi, i ?''*'>' '" ""^^' '" missioners that he Will not be .'f. ?'^ !f« "liormed the Com- •riorc the time fix "d f^st dn n th i?"' '"' T"^^*^^"^ thereupon Consecjuentlv, Iroui the docu men ,^'^7")''^*'"^'-'^>n»"H.nication. i-^om th, ver-bal «(atemM t 7th 'cK ^''"''' '^''T' "^ ^^'^'^^ ^^ ^n^Miot in possession or sulide ft S,^r^ l^noineer hnnseli; they oill'r any opinion on t^e p^ i^ , ^ ^''^f [j''/^ T'-^^^'^' 'i^"m t^i as bek>r.. stated th,. EnoiLMrXT.l i ^'^'' ^^'^^^'^it'. In fact ^ak. .o say that .lu- pn^ect Iv^'l!.;:!,;;: "'^"^^ '^"^ *^-^ "»^'- ^aid bet.:;;;;;: coS:S:ioI; wS;?;''"^;^^^^' ^^'""^*" ^^-^^^'^ >>« -t .on on this important •' delerred. Under 'i^^ «ubjec , expressed i ' -li e a t ^^ V^'""''' "^ "\!""«" «« 1.^ based on the facts conou )-'ludiM^ that <'onin.ui;;,:::^ d^ £?^;;:-^--^l^"-^^^^ -urcos mterviows with th.' Commissi,.,...,. ,, . ' ^^"'''"''''i' '» his several 'he survey as far as known ' ''^'''''''^' ^" 'he results of The main facts ar,? these '-■i-' 'o ;M's/cubi; reMlermhmt;. ''"'^^ ''^' "^-^•^"'-ment^lo 80 ", The cxtrcinc ViUiuo of lidos in Ciunberliuul Hiisiu I'lilLs sonicwhi'vc within IS I'tM't. loot. 4. Tlio oxtiomo ranLio of tides in Bay V'orte is limited to 8 5. Tlio h)\vost water of C'uniherhiiid Basin falls ahout 2") feel helow the levi'l of medium tides, and high water rises al)out 2(] feet above that L(>vol. 'i. The direct distanoo between the two tideways is about 15 mih^s, ami between th(> moutiis ol' the Aulac and Tignish ri\ c^rs about 11 miles, ami no serious diflicultios arc likely to bo encoun- tered in the oxoavation of a channoj. 7. Hy the construction of the necessary artificial works at T)(,)tl; 'MkIs of the Caiiid. it is assumed tliat the entr practicable. The ([uantity of fresh water availahlo at sonn^ certain level not yet (lettMininod, su]>posinL!,- *he whole of it c(nxld bi' used for foodiiio- the ('aiiMJ. is barely suliiciont, al'tor makiuivtho necessary deductions for lenkauv. absorption, and evaporation to ailbrd one lockage in an hour and twenty minutes or lr 70 or 80 vessels could l)e put tlirough in th(> san^.e time. This statement is suilicient to sho\\- thnt the quantity of fresh wntor is ina(le(|uat»' for the supply of such an importajit public work as this is intended to be. It has, however, boon romarktMl with regard to the water in the l>;iy of Fundy, that it is only at the bether objectionable il'used only to sui)plement the fresh water supply. If this be so then. Tolibrd's summit, or one a few feet lower, coiresiionding with hii-h water or neap tides, might be found to answer all the conditions. Further information on those points, and •'specially as to the pro])er level ibr receiving the fresh water into the Ciimd, is essential before they can 1)0 accepted as in/hiencin"" the design. Sln)uld these two sources of sirpply, however, fail to meet the re(piiromonts, it does not necessarily follow that the re- sources of the engineering art are exhausted. If the plan that is cheapest of accomplishnunit cannot be carried out becau.se Nature has not given the n«M'e.s,sary facilities, the interest oi' commerce in this ])roject is too groat to be baulked by an exi)enditure we did not at iirst anticii)ato. It demands the speedy opening of the channel, and will justify its construction almost at any cost. 81 al)out. Thoro IS nollnii- but th.. additional quMuUlv ol'ox.-u-itiou to prev.i.t h. >ul<,pt,on of th. hi^h vvaf.r ol' liav V.r • as h; « , rut l.yd ol th. c.u.al, and tins may ),. reduced h a ..r ■ i, ox n^ by se.luno. out, th. lowest, and inosUavorable ^^ o u d 'o f I • •haimcl ol (•oiuinunicat on. On this nl'in tlirro ^vj i i , ' ,' ut the Bay Vevte of 8 teet lift .t l^^waJe '',.,; '4;. 'n!; t '-""'" wSif wni r'"''-: '^' ^' '"^"'"""^ ^'1' '1- canal, the hi. ts; whi.Ji u ill hnve Its gates ,sH u. work in opposite d roetions to ho other two. servn.u- to keep l,ack the h.n'h.st wate f u I er' iMud Basin, and to pass vessels in .-ither diT ^uinln,!- ol the tidal lluctuations. ii'ec'tiouand.it any stage The rlear water of the Gulf woul.l he the source ofsunnlu and render the eanal independent of .he iVeshTa e s e-^^^ .^^^^ ' M L .1,^"' li. .-anal, and ol keepmn- ,h,. ]o,,ks an.l machin ery el(>ar of dei)osits liu'ir offh n J r "'""""i;^'"'^ '^i'^' '-'^ above the highest sprin.- titles ft le kyofln^ndy;^Ir.Telford^ssuuuniteorrespon,le vftlUh^ .lest spnng tides of that hay. The Chief ]ingin.^.r su^ ,^M t ri'h;::^^;.::;;:;;;;::;.^"'-" r- '-;i-i... lou-e^^^iu;! lh(> hiiih water of th ),IV would lower it still farther down to Vorte, some U or 20 fe(>t below that of ;;;:,.^tr;,.r;;::>;;.„'.t: S::;i;:;',";:,;ft';;;: ^ "- IS to save exp,Mis.> in the eost of eon.struetion ttie vessel tim the e vessel in navigating the eanal is immaterial as re- u- « th \V() tideways riie difference to e f .h. ct''™i:!:,',l',,i:;;7'^'^""''>- ™'""'"-' '■°'- *'^ -rovmalio,, of Your obedient Servant, Samuei- Keefer, M. Inst. C. E. Ottawa, sth Fel)., 1871. 82 iravniG- road all tho existing reports referring to this canal, and f Y'" thp ^^^l^Jt^ct my v,>ry be«t consideration, I am perfectly satisfied that Mr. Keeter's plan is quite practicable, with or with- out a ..iil>])ly of fresh water; and that a canal of the dimensions the C oinmissioners have decided on recomme:i).ding. can be built for the amount estimated. C. S. GzowsKi, C. E., Canal Commissioner. .:.ri^M^' "*»:■"».-**« 83 5 canal, srfectly r witli- ?nsions built loner. c~sf^ «s S5 P 03 (—1 ft a H t-H o ^:ii 1 o ■r. ^ ? ^_' h "■ c t[ _ -z H — .r (^ Z '"'3 i, X ^ s t: £ « S Ef T s - JZ ■/- - i: c S3 O ■^ a -^ C ■^ O c - c^ ^ - e; ■^ X n c ~ # ;: ^' T c S & H o pT o .^ ■o s e ill; s ^ c -■ OJ C g= c k h * ake iii.., rdi:;;I;!:r.;;^'|3f^'; ,,:-;, ^-;^^;o it. ,^u,h ou Lake Nipissin- is 64o iVet ml ] f] u^ A* ^^^'"^■V t^^*^ '^''a, samelevVl J'^', .nicl Lake Fluroa o(4 f.Md abovt' the same level. Thnt <'l- (hat eity is .alle.l ,he Upp^r oSa ^" ^^■'^«^""*'-^^ 85 1-7 t,ia, any plan ^ i^ ^ /' ^^^^•'•'''' ''■"'- J- -- should ,,. as uecnrit. an >,,",,/' ' T' '""^'"'V ^•"""•'"•l sinal Dorl nn nl'ii([ \v,it'n only a , 'lavipuion Jiad Ix-ni .sul,niit ':xammation,hi,slal,ou,-su,.rc- ^-^l^^;> ('•!;S:i;r;r;d;:i^';:,;r!};^^ r'*' •-^-•---', o,' u. iioO X 4,5 X l2|W.i It . ,^J;;^ , >.:V/^ •■"""'' vvit,i Juc'k.s l^lai.s and sections s,iouin- Um t^^^^ '' aeeompan.ed uhli Hon. natniv and extent ol' ",,;"£" '''" ''Y" '"'" "^*' '-•='- m.nt of tlio navio,,t,on and\v , r 'V^T"*^ >^'- "»" iniprnv..- quantitios and pn.rs oi ev rv dil i';'-'"^ ^'Mnnat.s .iv.A. „,„ '"quir.din Uirir ronsfniHion. ^^"^'^1^''^" «^ ^vorJ. and .nat.naJ navii";u;na;bptodI!Mr].u!";;"d:; l*';"^-^'^'"^- - ^lad. ualer 'h.> vap,d.. T,..nain di,,..n;.t;i;:;4S;;:;;!.;:^-L;;;;:;,^^^^^ "71 „n. iaet Un„ in,.,! d n" ! \ hir J^ ", V""*'''' ^^« '^l^i^-^ -'- o^ Cana, whev. M, S,n;n,;i;;.:;;';dir ^Ij';.,^-- -"y 29 ^,ian,y proposed raisin^rsu -ho ' o?^!; ^\ ^^ V^^"^^' ^'^^^ ^'■• h.:iound intiu. hnm.dL^yiJ^ t ^,<.h" host lands that are to '•-iu^ it onh- ,, „,t and < 'dno^Ttu 'V"':"'^ '^''^^^'^-^ also lowc-nn- Turtle Lake 7 feet , l", ^''^'' '"''■ ='^^^l l^T ^-auoes these,;n.r]ak;i;,^t^Co t;:;;;"^,^^^ le.8.th^ thus creati^ig a ^^" " J^^ .^„;;-'S'^^-^^ ^ ""'^'^ "^ and a,!o,dino.an abundant suiuK of^l- 7 '*^ '"''' '"'^''^ ^'^ "^'^^'i. lor the utmost demand. ho' J,ii.^:^''' '\'r '^"' -^""^"^'^^ "^ ud^ igatiou. IIls summit will ,jo 86 Huron.' above Ihel.vol of the «ea unci T^^^e^^^TlIo ottaw^tu!;:' -fi^ricrvr^r"^^'^ '^- ^^— ^ -^ ^-^•^.nl „> .ll. ,.o, , ,a; v?^J^^' ? v.^..,..s on .h. subject, with -'v.n.auv in ;';',• ti ' oti;^ ^''' V'^"^' '" -no...,,,,, tho ^••<'^" ^..-Min.inu- Iha 1 : , fs ,n 1 T' ^^"^;r."^"'^ ^" ^avo arisen IJOO instead oJ- !M(i le t h n n K "iK ^ ^''"'^^■'^ "'^^^ ^'^^"'^J" '« u. «. Topoo.,.aphicani;;yi,;:et ■' '"■'"' ^"''^"y^ °*" ^h<> The two line,, ol'naug-ation are thus compared :- St. I^uwience. Ottawa. Liike Navi-i-ation -,.,,. ,,., KiverNaviualion ^',M;' ^^''^^ 575 Canal Naviyalion " ' ^2? " ^"^^ 71 " 58 Totals — -— 1,;^4« " 980 ^lunvin. a dim-rence of ^168 miles in Atvour of the Ottawa :- The correct distances appear to be St. Ltwronce. OtUiwu. Lake Navigation , .,.,- ,,., l^iverNavioation.... l,W>o Miles 560 Canal Navio,,tiun ['. ^^'' " ^, , ^02 '1 "(Clarke) 2!» ^h^nvuio: only 270 miles in f\,vour of tl^'' Ott.wa '"'^ A companson of Locks and Lockage will s.t^'ihus. ;- St. Lawrence. Ottawa. Number of Locks . Feet of Lockaov..... ,?^ ^^^ T» r , • ,. " 5o3 710 i^^et oPSge!^^"'^^^'""" ''=""^'' '^'' ^"'^^■^ «f '' ^-^'^^ "^'^ 1/57 T//^' Loircr (lltawa. greater taci^UerS r ^^>o t ^ 'r" Vr "'"" '"''^ ^^^ ^'^ ^^^^"''"^^ It has been ecided to n .?; . " '^V ^^'•^^■'^'""-' ^'^">^^1'^ ^'an atlbrd, the cHmstruci^ny.;new ]?/;'''■ "'^^';'"'^ ^^' <^^'''^'' ^-'"«1« «^ 01 a new luu' oi naMgation of greatly increased 87 575 347 58 »in=S'';,;;i,-,--:,,:;;t;-r;;,,;;:,,- .i.»n";iiTiu:;;^;;';;'''r;; '''-■,'?•• t""'-" ' '^ •■'■i- '>•■■ oh„t..A iiio,™, i ;;i, ; '"■ '"-"•«.„ ,i„.c,„.iii„„.„„i This lAiii iviniir, , ,1 -"" ' -"' "'" ' ' ■"'ivill.' CiMiai damJ^;!^:::;;^;;;:.;;''™:;:" - -.^^-^^n-' o.^ .i. p,..,.osed plan, but w<. ., • • ' ? * ^'* '^''''''^*' "!•"" 'l^'' i"<>'^< <'-asil.J." #1,«00,OOU -^^Viigest.,!. rnn 1,. .■onstmol,.! at a cosi ol'ahout JflVKli RiniKLlJU: ANJj LAKE dl AMI'LAIX. Cha.M,>i.in ('a„al . uuu n^ i, -n^vm... at La<.Jnn,.. ulnl.. th. sunuu'l. KhII.v ;rF;i,s r/// 1- I'Mson at AJhanvhasa canal nuL, thj^^ :;^, ^ ';:^;. j^" ^^^ 'i;""''"'''" ^T ''"' ^ l>arovs or li]0 tJnr.n'n-L ';'''(';'''' ' - HvuIm.,, w],..,va; i^K^ll^^^ ' ^"""'- -"■ani;.rsoi""^-'*°^'-'^«- > f. Uius, and iM.ats ol Kmi ,„„. j,,. ()((,, va Canals. -nul!;;-;;;;;;;;rt;;';:;;f ;;;;!" ;;;:;;;- -y--h..,in.oru-a„. g-at lumlHM. nn,rko!,. /^sfn„„n-s for n,r iVorl,. nnhn.nt i„ /A. /-V,-./ Ch... ^'auK St.'. MiiricCinuil » ,. ¥ .OoO.ooo \V.-llaii,l Cnm.l, , ,. ,., Rivor oo^.^OQ '^'"'"' t^^o^^ ivlwl.k. oi,i,„on ns l„ it., ,>,„<;«(, biiflv I,i I , . ' ' .t i, "" "">' ""- I..' iormod on ..eh ii,.,., „„,, ,, a," laM tforT'S Hn n nolo .sohomo COXCLUSIUN. A e> '*^> %>, %.%^\% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // f Y %// y. f/i ^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 '- """ lllill '- III 2-0 JA ill 1.6 I P i V] <^ //, '^1 ^2 s^ :-> ^>f ^f A> Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 -^ <^ fV iV ^ <^ ^ ^^<> ■<> '^ t^ C/a i 90 -"mn(.v..iul (Ij'v.lop.nont of Iho .vhole Dominion and bind all .MTtioiis logciluT m iho l)onds of mutual amily audinlemst. The ..xix.ns.. of these improvomr its will bo insio-nificant comi.aiv.l will, ih.' duvet beiielits Canadian commem! vvil' iv- •m,.. .ud will 1m> immediately m-l by Uie lai-er revenue that musi aceiiu- hum n,,- lolls on a vastly imreased traliie. Tile ,.unl,.si f(„- liu. ,su|)remaey of the carrying trade of the ,y■reai^\esl V, II be between New Yoris, Montrentand Quebec iNature lias an. n the lalter cities the advantayvs of position and n.ute. and U now only depends on enterprise and capita] to doier- in.ne wJiether thev shall be left behind in the eom],elition for an enormous ti^aihc. the control of which must elevate them to the loieiiK.M p,,sit]ou among commercial communilief.. Jfwelookatthe routes of all other projected cairaLs, the Ollaua the hne and (hitano, or the Georgian Bay ; wesoethat each and all are intended to be subsidiary to the 'St. Lawrence Jvout... Our duty is to improve that navi-alion in the iirst place pause It IS t le one which has been tried and iouiul to answer all tie purposes lor whuh ii was m.ended. It would be unwise to spe d milltonsot public money in assisting enterprises of minor utility at present, when a comparatively reasonable sum can so improve exist ing works, like the Welland and St. Lawrence sys- tem ol canals, as to answer all the requirements of Trade for many years to come, and with the certainty of reluming a lar-e ncome to the public revenues and giving an impulse immediately to the development ol the commerce of the whole Dominion. In taking upon herself thr stimulai.-d. and whose productions will be en- hamvd 111 value by the expenditure,) should be felt in the coun- cils ol their country and thut all unnecessary restrictions upon the tradt' bc-tween the two countries should ])"e abolished. The (|uestJon is now presented, whether, under our exise put on a looting mutually advantageous to both couiitries. We have thus endeavoured to lay before His Excellency in ' I'C- that pt'O- t b ill much «„ iii,:,,,.,i ),v ,h,. ,n,.,h„