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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. ' errata d to It le pelure, ;on d n 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 32X Engmyn/ /'irjintfli ■;^ ■■-w ' ■^ 9 MHV- -4ff.Jn(lant Aate of improvemenr, •^* either from new dilcovcries in tlie ^lobc, or from the new points of view in which objctSts ahcady kn'.wn may be confulcreil, a worit of this nature niuft require frequent revifion. In proportion as the Ipirit of entcrprife, and perieverance of relearch, continue to exhibit new difcoveries, it is our duty to apply witli affiduity to tlie various lourccs of information ; and to enrich our work by an interelting feie»ftion of fuch objects as may claim attention, not merely from their novelty, but from their importance in a delineation of the world, and the hiftory of the human race. In one refpedt, in the geography of an extcnfive country, the annals of literature h:ive not prefented a more important objedl ot attention than the great revolution in France. In other countries, hiftory has iu)t often to record more than a change in the form of government, or the transfer of dominion from one family to another. The revolution in quellion, or, more properly fpeaking, the fubverfion, lias operated im every poffible objeiSl. The deftruition of a monarchy which had lubfifted for ages ; the abolition of all dillinvStions of rank ; the con- lilcation of the wealth of the mod powerful eccleriaftica\ orders ; a total change in the fentiments, habits, and manners of the people ; and the intioau(3ion of principles, the ultimate operation of which tht moft acute penetration cannot difccrn — thefe are topics which we leave to tlie difcuflion of the hiftorian and politician. Conncdled with thefe, however, is another important circumftance, whicti claims the indif- penfable attention of the geographer. The local diviiion of the country has likewiie undergone a great revolution : inftead of the former divi- fion into provinces, or military governments, it is now formed into eighty-three departments, fubdividcu into dilbifts, cantons, and munici- palities. 'I"o underftand the events of the prefent period, it became ne- ceflary, in courfe, to introduce this new divifion into our Gazetteer ; but, at die fame time, for the illuftration of former hiltorics, it appear- ed equally expedient to retain the names of the late provinces. In the account of every town, therefore, the name of its departincnt is rirft mentioned, and then that of the late province ; and all alterations intro- duced in each place by the revolution have been carefully noticed. We liave derived our information on this fubjecl from the " ^'ouvellc Geo- graphic de la France," recently publiihcd. The revolutions in Poland, by which that country has fuftained fuch a diminution of territory and power, and the diiferei.t provinces, tranf- fcrrcd, in confequence, to the dominion of Ruffia, Aullria, and PruflSa, are diflindtly noticed. A? The I t /«. IT r K I'. A C u. TIic late now flivifion of the vaft empire of RufTia into forty-riic governments, witli t!ic ac(|uiliti<)ii nf tlic Crimea and other tcrritorin ♦rom ihe 'I'urk^, has likcwifc liccn introduced, for tlic firll timr, inio any work of tliis kind. It luiiy be added, that, in the dcfcription of ahnoft ;ill tlic towns in the north of Europe, the reader may find muili new ir. formation. Ill the geography of the Eafl Indies wc have hithcrt"- , in romm'^n tvith oiirtompciitois, bi;cn extremely dcfieicnt. The ufiial divifion ot thofe vail regions was til oncoiis , niany important pl'.ces wrrc omitted, and im h as wcie noticed were uiiitormly faid fo lie under tlie dominion ot afovcveign, tlic (iicai Mo_(',iil, wiiofe authority, in fad\, was merely nominal, even in t!ie firwiU territory of Deilii, to which his onteex- teiiilve empire is reduced. If wc now claim a diftinguiihed fupciiority in this rdpedl, it mav be fntlicicnt to add, that this is the only Ga/.cttcir in which have been Introduced the new uccjuifitions in the geography of this country, for wliirh the world has recently been indebted to the in- defatigable major Rcmioli. To the fame judicious author wc arc likcwifc obliged for much curi- ous information refpedb'ng the Caucafian nations between the Black Sea and'thc Cafpian, as well as f(>r the alTiflance he has artbrded to ihc members of the African hffociation, in digcflinj; the accounts they have received of fomcofthe interior parts of that quarter of the globe. The late vo) ages to New South Wales have been confulted, and fome ncwlv difcovcred iflands in the South Pacific Ocean are now inferted. With refpeiSt to North Ameiica, we arc indebted to Mr. Morfc's .American Geography foi the infcrtion of many cities, towns, lakes, and rivers, which appear in no other Gazetteeri In Great Britain, and particularly in Scotland, great part of our work will be found confiderably improved, if not cntiiely new : mort of ilic lakes, in both parts of the ifland, arc infcrti.-d for the tirft time; and par- ticular attention has been paid to the noble Improvements in the inland navigation of the two countries. It is but juil to acknowledge hero, that we have derived much valuable information from two excellcnr works, " England Delineated," by J. Aikin, M. D. and ♦» Scotland Delineated," by an anonymous Author, All the articles that wcie not in the laft edition of this work ate denoted by an afterifk.. Thefe amount to conhderably more than one thoufand ; and a great number of articles, particularly in SwiflerianJ and Italy, have been either newly written, or greatly improved. Another important objedl was to bring down the events by whi( li each place has been difUnguiflicd, to the clofe of the year 1793. '^ '''' has been done in every part, which was not adually printed off at the time when tlje event occurred. — In a word,' no pains have been ipucd to render this eftablilTied work worthy of the reputation it has accjiiircd, and fuperior to every attempt of the kind, not only in extent and v^iiicly, but in aytbcnticiry and accuracy of information. AN of RuflTia into forty-nne imca and other tcrritoriii c(l, for tlic fird time, intc» tint, in the dcfcription nf the reader mny find much have hithertf , in rommon nl. The ulual divilion ot irunt pl'.ccs \v?rc' omitttd , id ro l)c under tlic dominion mrity, in fatft, was merely li, tit \\Iiich his on(ceA- a diflinguilhcd fupciiority t tliis is the only Gaz,ctterr lilitions in tlie geography of tly hetn indebted to tiie iii- wifc obliged for much euii- itions between the Black Sea pre lie has afforded to the \'nv> tlic accounts tliev have (juurter of the globe. ivc !)een confidted, and fomc Ocean arc now inferted. c indebted to Mr, Morfc's f many cities, towns, lakes, teer» land, great part of our work 3t entirely new : moft of the ;d for the tirft time; and pai- ? improvements in the inland lit juil to acknowledge hero, )rmation from two excellcm ikin, M. D. and •» Scotland aft edition of this work arc coniiderably more than one s, particularly in SwiflerhuiJ or greatly improved. ; dov/n the events by whi( h ■lofc of the year 1793. 'T'"' ot a£lually printed off at tlie •, cofinography lias two principal parf* ; namely, Autro- NOMY, which IS the iciencc of the celefUa! bodies; and Gkook ahhy, which is a (IdVription of the earth. As tlicfe two fciciur have, in many rofpctti, a netelUiry connexion, wc Ihall take a ciiifory view of eacii. II r*f' •?) O/de Vii'werfc. Aftronomy is a fciencc, which has been the ftiuly and .admiration of tlis mod remote aj;es. The true fyftem of the univcrfe was known in tlietarlicit times. Pythagoras, in particular, wl.o lionrilhed near ^00 years bfiore Chrift, was undoubtedly acquainted with the picfcnt doctrine of the plane- tary motions, which he is fiippofed to have learned diirini; his refidence with fome more enlightened nations in tlic EalL His difciples not only taught, that the earth had a diurnal motion on its own axis, and annually revolved, with other planets, round the Sun, hut gave fucli an account of the comets as ii agreeable to modern difcovcries. The luavens and (lar . they fuppofed quiefcent; and their api)arciit diurnal motion from cult to well was imputed to the Earth's motion from weft to eaft. Heiue tliis doiflriue, for many ages, was tailed the Pythagorean Syilein. It was followed by Philolaus, Plato, Archimedes, and Others, but loft under the reign of the Peripatetic philofophy, when the Ptolemaic 5\ fttm {'io called from Ptolemy, an Egyptian philofopher, who lived about 138 ycarii after Chrift, was iini- verfally adopted. 1 his fyftem fuppofes the Earth at reft in the centre of the univerfe, and that the heavens revolve round it from eaft to weft, carrying all the ccleftial bodies along with them, in twenty-four hours. Among the ancient philofophers, the principal .iflcrtors of this fyittm are Ariftotle and Hipparchus. Being coiifonaiU to appearances, it was adhered to for many ages, till happily, about 250 years ago, the true fyfteui was revived by Nicolaus Copernicus, a native ot Thorn, in Weftern Pruilia. The iWa/-, or Planttmy Syjlem, ftiould, in iinft [-/roprlcty, be diftingulflied from the Syjlevi of ih Univerfe: lor the tixed ftar;^, from their immenfe dif- tance, and the little relation they feem to bear to our globe, are reputed no part of the former. It is highly probable, indeed, that each fixed ftar is itfelf a fun, and the centre of a particular fyflem, furrounded by planets, &c. which, at different diftani es, and in different periods, revolve round their refpeftive funs, by which they are enlj«;htened, warmed, and cheriflied. Heuce we have a very magnificent idea of the univerfe, and its iaimeufity ; and hence alfo arifes a kind o£ fyftem of fyftemsv 11 ... j.i;. <•■ , Of tht Sclar Syfcm. As by the tmher/ils tO be iln'derftood the whole frame of nature, to the utmoft extent of the creation, by the JoJarj^jttm ie tneant that portion only of the nniverfe, which comprehends the Sun, planets, fatellites, and comets. Of this fyftem the Sun is the. centrp ; and there are fevcn planets which r^ vohe round him, each in its path or orbit. The names or thefe planet', in the order of their diftance from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Georgian. The firft two, becaufe they move within the orbit of the Earth, are called inferior planets; and the laft four, •Q account of their movujg without that orbit, are called fuperior planets. A3 I7it tifiMhi£- /">- vf- INTRODUCTION. The Sum, The StiT», the centre of our fyftem, the parent of the feafons, nnd " j;rrat delegated fource of light and lite," is in the torm of a fpiitroitl, higlier un- fiertlic equitor than about the poles. His diametir is 763,000 miles, his foiidbuik a million of times larger than the Earth's; nnd his diftance from the Earth is 9)5,173,127 mile*. This diftancc is fo prodigious, that a can- non-hall, v'hich moves at the rate of ahout eight milcb in a minute, \vould be fomethjng more than twenty-two years and a half in goinj; from tin- Earth to the'^un. 'J'his linninaiy u is generally cnnfidered by the aiici« us as a globf of purp fire ; but from a number of niacuhr, or dark fpots, which, by means of a tcliltopc, may he feen on different parts of his furtace, this opinion ap- pears to have i)ccn ill-founded. Thefe fpots arc luppofed to be immcnfi- excava'ioiiH in the body of the Sun. Their motion is from tall to weft ; and as they arc obferved to move quicker when they arc near the central regions, it follows that the Sun n»uft be a fpherical body, and revolve on his axis, in a contKiry dirtftion, or from weft to eaft. The time in which he perform^ this revolution i» twenty-five days and fix hours. The PUnels. The phnfts are all opaque fpherical bodies, and have no light of their own, but Ihine by means ol that borrov»vd light which they receive from the Sun ; it being afcertaincd, from telefcopical obfervations, that only that fide of thf plane ti which is turned toward the Sun is ever enlightened ; while the op})ofitc fide, which the folar rays cannot reach, remains conftantly dark. From the regular ajipearance and difappcarance of feveral remarkable dark fpofs, which, by means of a t^lefcope, are conftantly to be fcen on their bodies, it may be demonftrated, that each has fuch a motion round its axis, as correfponds with the diurnal rot:;tion of the Earth ; and from their fecni- ing fometimes to be ftationiry, and at other times retrograde, it is equally ffrrnin, fhnt they muft have fuch a progreflive motiii. round the Sun as an- fwcrs to the annual revolution of the Earth in its orbit. As the Earth, more- over, is fimilar to the other fix planets, it may reafonably be concluded, by analogy, that they muft be defigned for the fame purpofes, although, from their ditfcrrnt proportions of heat and cold, it is nor credible that beings of our make and temperament could live upon all of them. We now proceed to the confidcration of each planet in particular. 1. MEKeuRV,the neareft planet to the fun, revolves round that luminary in aboilt eighty-feven days and twenty-three hours, or little lefs than three of our months, which is the length of his year. Being feldom feen, how- ever, on account of his proximity to the Sun, and no fpots appearing on his difk, the time of his rotation on his axis, or the length of his days and nights, is unknown. His diftance from the Sun is 36,841,468 miles: his diameter 3, 100; and, in his annual revolution round the Sun, he moves at the rate of 105,000 miles an hour. Thefe calculations, as well as thofe of the other planets which follow, are founded on aftronomiCal obfervations made on the tranfit of Venus over the Sun, in the year 1761. Mercury ftems, ■when viewed in different pofitions, with -a good telefcope, to have all the phafes or appearances of the Mr^n. except that he can, at no time, be feen entir.iv round, or quite full; becaufc his: enlightened fide is never turned ' djreftiv toward us, but when he is fo near the Sun ^s to be hid in his beams. 2. Venus, which is the brighteft, and, to appearance, the largeft of all the . planets, is the next above Mercury. She is 68,891,486 miles fnmtheSun. and, by moving at the rate of 76,000 miles an hour, completes her annual revolution in 224 days and feventeen hours, or about feven months and a h»If. I O N. iNtkoDtJCTT '5 W. vH It of tlir feafons, anA " ^rrat Im of a fpliiroitl, higher uti- inifttr is 763,000 miles, his :h'sj mid his diflance from is fo prodigious, that a can- milet in a minute, would be in goinj5 from ttu Larth to ;d by the anti< is as a glohe Hark fpot;, wiuch, by means lliis furtace, this opinion ap- ire (uppofed to be immcnfe ion is from call to weft ; and arc near tiie central regions, , and revolve on his axis, in time in which he perfornin and have no light of their 'M which they receive from obfervations, that only that un is ever enlightened ; while ath, remains eonftantly dark. s of feveral remarkable dark nftantly to be fcen on their fnch a motion round its axis, Enrtli ; and from their fecm- imes retrograde, it is equally motiii. round the Sun as an- ts orbit. As the Earth, more- / reafonably be concluded, by ime purpofes, although, from is nor credible that beings of U of them. We now proceed r. revolves round that luminary lOurs, or little lefs than three r. Being feldom feen, how- and no fpots appearing on his r the length of his days and Sun is 36,841,468 miles: his ound the Sun, he moves at the ations, as well as thofe of the IronomiCal obfervations made year 1761. Mercury feems, lod telefcope, to have all the It he can, at no time, be feen lightened fide is never turned >ui» ^s to be hid in his beams, pearance, the largeft of all the 18,891,486 miles fnmtheSun. n hour, c ampletes her annual or about feven months and a half. half. Her diameter is 9,360 miles, and her diurnal rntit'on on hrr axis I.1 performeil in twenty-four days and eij'/if liour^. Wluvi tiii5 pimrt lippeirs 16 thi. wc(f of the Still, (lie rifes betore tiiin in tlic mi)riiiiiy;, and n nl.eii the morning Itar; and when (he ap|)e:irs to the call of that liiinimry, (li» lliloci in the evcnin||i;, and ii tailed the fcning ftir. She !•< in r.,ih litiiatinn, nlter- nately, for about 3190 days ; ni.d durinj', the whole ol htrr levohirion, ap[;(.;'.rs, through a telefcope, to have all the vnrious appearances of tin; Moon. 3. The Earth, the next planet above Venus, h ()i;»<7 5i«37 ni.lcs dif- taiit from the Sun, and by travelling at the rue ot 58,000 mil«*s an hour, performs its nnnual revolution in 365 diys, Hvc lioins, mid 41) niiiiut itfelf, and equally inclimd to the plane of the ecliptic, which is about twenty-three de /rees and a half. The rota- tion of the Earth on its own axis in twenty-four 1 ours, makes it day in tho'e p.uts which are turned toward the b\w, and nig!' in the parts which are turned from him. The Earth was lon;^ confidered 1.. a circular plane, ex- tending on all fides to an infinite dilla-ue ; and the iica\eiis above it, in which the Sun, Moon, and ftars appear to move <'-'lly from eaft to we.', wert? imagined to be at no great diflance from it, and to have been created fnlely for the ufe and ornament of our ^dobe. But this opinion is no l(Mii;er enter- tained but by the vul;.;ar and uninformed. It is now leceived as ai\ incon- trovertible point, that the Earth is of a fphcrical figure, nearly rcfeinbliiijr that of a globe. This is evident from the voyni;' s of feveral celebr;ited cir- cumnavigators, and particularly commodore Anion, who, by fteerin^^ con- tinually weftward, arrived, at lcnp;th, at the place whence- he departed ; which could never have happened, had the Earth been of any other than a fpherical figure. This form is alio evident from the circular a])pearaiKe of the fea itfelf, and the circuniftances which attend larne o'lj'.i'h when iVen xt a diftance on its furtace: for, when a iliip is failing from the lliore, we firft lofe fight of the hull, afterward of the rigging, and, at laft, dif.ern the top of the maft only. This is evidently oceafioned by the convexity of the water between the eye and the objert ; for, otherwife, the largeft and moft confpicuous ()art would be vilible the longeft. Another |)roof of tiie globular form of the Earth is taken from its fliaciow on tlie face of the Mi on, in the time of an eclifife: for, astlie Moon has no liglit but what Ihe receives' fVointheSun,andthe Earth, during the eel ip!e, being iiiterpofed lietween th.e.n, the Moon muft be obfcin*ed, either totall)', or in part. Atul lince, in every lunar eclij)fe which is not total, the obfcure part always appears to be bounded by a circular line, the Earth itfelf muft be fpherical; it beiiig evid.iit, that no- thing but a fpherical body can, in all fituations, caft a circular Ciadow. The uiievennefl'es on the fiirface of tlie I^aith, which arc caul'ed by moinitaiiis and vallies, do not afford an objeftion to its being conficl'jred as a circular body: for the moft lofty mountains bear lefs proportion to the valt mag- nitude i • Earth, than tiic finall rifing? n the coat of an orange do to the orange iUeii, or a grain of fand to an artificial globe of a font in diameter. Accordingly, we find, that thefe trifling protuberances occafion no irregu- A 4 lariiies yni I N T R o >v u cr^r T cr if . krities ia the.iliadow o£ tl>« Earth, cj, tluit finte the gravity of bodies is by fo much the lefs powerful as thofe bodies are further removed from tlie tent/e of the Earth, the region of the equator mull be abfolutely n.uch more elevated than that of France ; and that, therefore, the figure of the Earth could not be tiiat of a fphere, JOewton and iluygcus wfre the (if ll who perceived the extcnfive application of which this dalcovevy was capable. It. is impofiible, in tlus (ketch, to enter intoa'l the .princii'ki and; calculations .that were employed in this in- «juiry. It wiJl befuflic:cnt to obfprve, that the firft of thcfe great philofo- phcrs found, by mathematical calculations, that the polar diameter of the Earth ijto the equatorial as aaq is to 330 ; or, tliat the regions of the equator jare ck/ated about thirty-five mijps more than at thofe ot the poles ; and tliat thctrue figiin: of the I'.arlh, confequently,. was that of an oblate fphcroid, iqra body nearly relenihiing an orange. ',,4.. Mak», the next planet al->ovctue orbit of .the Earth, is diftant from the 'Suii i45,OT4,i.-8 mi](^. He move .at llic rate of ,5,000 miles an hour, and coi.npietes his revolution 'ound t':c bun in little lelsthan two of our years. His diameter is Cii^o miles; and las di\inial rotat!')n on his axis is per- formed in twenty-tour hours andtliirty-aine minutes. He fometimes ap- pears gibbous, but never horned, like the Moon ; which evidently dcmon- llrates, that his orbit includes that of the Earth, and that he Ihines not by any native light. This planet is di'. erfilied witii fpots likf the Moon, by which his diurnal rotation is afcertaiutd in t'.ie dirt' tion Iron, well to eaft ; and from his ruddy and o! I'curc i;;ij'earui\i.c, as well as iVoin otiier circum- ftances, it h concluded, that his almoi'phcre l.> nearly of the fame denfity with that of the Earth. 5. Jiu'iTKR, the largefc pf all the .planets, is frill higher in the fyftem than Mars. His diftauce from the Sun is 494,990,976 miles. He travels at the rate of 29,000 miles an hour, and completes his 'unual revo!\ition in foa'e- thing lefs than l;velve of our }tar5. Hi;, diami .r is 94,100 miles ; and he perfprpis his xiiurnal rotation iu nine hours and fifty-fi.\ minutes. The tele- fcopic appearance of this planet affords a vaft field for the curious inquirtr. Jt is i'urroundcd by feverjil faint; fubftauces, reftmbling bel s or bands, which are parallel to the plane of his orbit. They are not regular ui coiiflant in their appearance . 4pr fomptimes one only is to be fccn, and fometimes five ; an4,,ii» the latter cai'e, two,of them have been known to difappear during the .liine^Qf.obfervation. Wl^en theirnumber is mod conlidcrable, one or more ^arfc, fpots. are frCq^uentlyf9J:medbetwpen the belts, which inercafe till the \yhcie i^ united in one large ^.ujky- band. This planet is alio tliverfilied with anuniberqf.largel'pots, which are on the brighteft parts of vhe furface ; but, I'ke ^e b0l{js, tliey are fiibjei'^t to vaiipys. mutations, both in their figtire an<) peiwdi. j It ''** bcp" coujeftured tjasjt thefe belts are fcas, and that the variations obferyed, Ijoth in tl.\iyn.9ud |he fpots, are occafioned by tides, which are differently atfeijled,' according to the pofitions of his moons. Thefe moons, or.fatelliteji, iyh|e}iarc^ciur,iu.ijuniber, were difcovcrtd by Galileo, OH ;.T«ts». ■ tTrfjn;^;^ ^ <.e T I O N. time of a lunar ecllpfe. On qven F.nd regular, as if caft by loiiftrateci, however, that the voyage to Cayenne, near the hibcloL.. r.o longer made its I'aris, anil tliat it was abfo- uartiT, a littk: more than the it agree witli the times of the iny otJier falling body, is oiifequence of Richer's difco- eated experiments) it was ob- b much the lefs powerful as t/e of the Earth, the region of ated than that of France ; and Id iK)t be that of a fphere. eivedthe exteiifive application impollible, in this (ketch, to that were emj)loyed in this in- the firft of thtfe great philofo- that the polar diameter of the that the regions of the equator 1 at thofe of the poles ; and tliat as that of an oblate fphcroid, f.the Earth, is diftant from the pf ,5,000 miles an hour, and ;tle lels than two of our years. 1 rotati'in on his axis is per- : itii.iutes. He fometimes ap- loon ; wiiich evidently demon- arth, and that he Ihiiies not by with fjjots like the IMoon, by ;he direiition from well to eau ; a;; IVoni other circum- ;-!y ol t!ie fame denlity as we c is ntuviy o is ftill higlisr in tl)-; Aftem tlian 0.976 miles. He travels at the his 'unual revolution in foa'e- am». ,.r is 94,100 milcj ; and he ml fifty-fix minutes. The tele- fi field for the curious inquirti-. eltmbling bel sor bands, which are not regular vv couilant in to be fecii, and fometimes five ; 1 known to difappcar during the moft conlidcrable, one or more e belts, which increafe till the lis planet is aUb diverfified with ;hteft parts of ihe furface ; but, nutations, b'Jth in their figure hefe belts are feas, and that the fpots, are occafioned by tides, e pofitions of his moons, Thefe er, were difcovered by Galileo, OR I N T R O D U C T I O ^^^ ^^ on ihp 7tli of Janunry ifito, fnon after the inventiort of tite telefcor. ; but the belt: were not dikovered till near twenty yeart after. (), Satukn, the 'K-xt planet Axwe Juj'iltr, is ()07,956,l5b miles froin tiie Sun ; and, by travelliiiir at the rate of 12,000 miles an hour, perform^ hi annual circuit round riiat luminary in abotJt twer' n'lnC and a halfiof His diaiiieter in y,.' ,90 miles; and he is fr- unded by belts, like our vean //• Jupiter, by oblervanruis on whivli Dr. Hcrfchri dctcrimntd, in Jamiary 1794, that his diurnal rotraion on his axis is {M-rformetl in 10 homs and r6 nii- niiteo. t).iturn is ol)terved to be attended t>y f'even fi'.tellitcs. Of thef<-, five were difcovered in ttie lAlt i-rnnny ;.h itxthwias tirll obferved bvDr. Hfrfchcl, on the 28th ni An^niif i/oS; a;;4 n leventh he diiv.dvcred On the 17th of September, the fame year. A ma|.;ivi{ii.eiU luminous rifi;.!; eiiO'impafics this planet, at fuch a dilbincc, that fevral of the Itars may frequently be fcen between the inward furface of the Hng a:ld tlie body of tlif pfanet; its diila.'Ke from which is nearly eq\ial to its brendlh, wlikh is «h6ut 2»,oao miles. Thi,-. riiip^ w^is difcovered by Huyf;ens, :'.haut the vea'r 16J5. 7. The Gi:oRciAN, the moft remote planer in our fyftem, had efcaped the obfervation of every ndronomer till the 13th of March r78i, when it was fjen bv Dr. Herfchel, wiio gave it the iiame of iteorgium Stilus, as a mark of rcf'pti'.f to liis prefent majefty, and to convey an idea to poflerity of the time and place of the difcovery. Foreign atlrt/romers, hovtever, call it cither by his own name, or that of PuUas. Its diftance from the Sun if 1,8(6,45^.526 miles, v.-hich is nineteen times greatertlian that of the Earth. ■ Its diameter is 35,226 miles; and it rev.ilves round the Sun at the rate of 7000 miles an hour, in about 82 y:ars. It fiiines with a faint fteady light, fomewhat paler and fainter than Ju[)iter ; but its apparent diahieter being only about fr.ur feconds, it < an feldom bs f^icn plainly by the naked eye, but may be ealily difcovered in a clear night, whti\ above the horizon, br a good teiefcope. Two fatellites, attending upon it, have fince been dif- covered ; and, from the remote (ituation of this [)lanet, there is reafon to believe, that there are fevtral others which have not yet been obfervcd. The Si'coHilnry Planets. ■-U*}^/V Dcfidc the primaiy planets, there are fourteen others, called fecondary planets, fatellites, or moons, which regard their primaries as the centres of their motions, and revolve round them in the fame manner as thofe prima- jies do round the Sun ; namely, the .Moon, whicli nttenda our Karth ; the four fatellites of J\ipi!er ; the feveii that belong to Saturn ; and t!ie two that attend tlie (ieorgian. From the continu.il chain^e of their plnfes or ap- pearances, it is evident tli:it thefe alfo are opaijue bodies, and iliine only by the ret^ertlon of tlie light which they receive froin the Sun. The Moon, which is the conliant atten.lant of our globe, is the mofl confpicuous of thefe fatellites. S!ie accoiripanics the iv'.rth lii its annual progrefs througli the lieavens, and keeps revoKing round it coniinu.dly by a different motion, in the fpace of a month. The diameter oFtiie Moon is 2,i3o miles; her diflance from the F.artii 2n " f ' f^^^^^ i_„g JHlance, .Ley arc '"J.^.'^JS;? li^f he Sn^ •- hVdtori »s '^"'<>"; ;;°X™',S"l tb^of theSm.. 11 cannot 1» v-ifaon,, ami nevt-r acts m va.r, n,oi,ld have "^J^J\\%^,j/drft,„,es fron, jjcrfertipn and tslicity.^^^ ^^,^ .^ ,^,, i,.,^ ^ .„;„,.,,,.„„ * eq Dffaiplio'i of the Artificiul Sphaf. isl tie-convex part of the terreftrial globe, which is an artificial fphev^cn :^^'V"^^"r"-l;, "f'^SJ^dfel l^.e,-eforc .4,B40 EngliH. nules JH :C.^HV. ,, ■ ., ^ KbtiiTJorTiAL, is a great circle, ninety degres uil- •<«°,'*?«.Pr;;H'!r[„'"vhl*l an,"aic f,le is place.,, U ...ej»«l;^ i,gh Lon- , eaft or there is Eire 1^. -'^^^ 3; -- iu rCAftf? horiron cutting^^ f?her^ into two equal parts, and nadir in every j)idL,c, a. i^vi.„ iv,*rc-rtftiiYt^cVnpin'r--vvhvch the JMin the Meridian, becaufe U ™«'f ^ '^^'f^^^^ ^?s the e is ^ nfinite number of . Y ttnir<''Ba'^ ;, that they cannot be ften [others which the eye, even VV^e have aheady intiniateti. Hems, and worlds, dilperfeci f'ydem, compared with the (t in the inimenfity of tlic :voIves in an crbit of above of the comets make e.\- ; and yei, at that aftoniCli- the Sun than to any olbcr [ear of the attraction of t;;c of the Sun. It cannot he |ator, who ad'h with infinite •eated fo many glorious fuu>, aced at fuch diflances from near them to be benefited by lable to conclude, that they n ; to bellow light, heat, and volving round them. And, lumerable fyrtems arc witli ion of rational inhabitants ; ;s, all capable, in the diiFercnt in knowledge anxl virtue, in I S/iiere. '••; - ■ . which is an artificial fphevical rid, as it confifts of land and vided into 360 degrees, every fequently the globe is 21,600 s are about 69 miles Englifli 24,640 Englifli miles. The aquator, and the circles paral- le meridional lines. 3. The •pics ; anti 6. The two Polar eat circle, ninety degres dif- J, becauft it divides the world ; pole is found, is called the : pole is placed, is the fouth- 1 80 degrees ealt, and the fame fli globes pafles through Lon- ngitude or any place, eaft or fUn is in this circle, there is KM-id : hence thefe points are to ]>afs through the poles of fe fl^here into two equal parts, aifb jiafies through the zenith It at right angles. It is called of-tiiile^cWn>ino;..which the Sun here is an infinite number of lb is alfo infinite i for the Me- ridian > fc t t ii u n WMi ^ niBiltj 1 !m < ' tt)lt4 i f^ riiiian is changed, a"; well as the zenith and horizon, every fiep we take to- ward the call or weft; but if wc pafs in a right line northward or foutliward, wc Itill continue under the fame Meridian, thor.gh we conftantly change the zenith and horizon. However, geograpliers only reckon 360 Meridians, which are fuppofed to pafs througli every degree of the equiiio(ftial. It Iws btcn cuflomary for gcograpliers to eftablidj a Firft Meridian ; though this is altogether arbitrary : Ptolemy placed it at the illaiid of Fcrro, which is the molt weftern of the Canaries ; but the common method, at prefent, is for every geographer to make the Meridian of the capital of his country the Firft Mcrklian; and, accordingly, the longitudes in this Diftionary are reckoned eaft or well from the Meridian of London. The ufe of the brafs Meridian of a globe is to fliow when it is noon or midnight at the place to which it is applied ; and alfo to find the latitude of places, north or fouth, from the e(juator. The Ecliptic is a great circle that cuts the equator obliquely, and re- prefents that path in the heavens, which tlie Sun feems to defcribe by the Kartli's annual courfe round it. It is divided into iz parts, called figns, and each of thoie into 30 more, called degrees, correfponding to the 12 months, and the davs of the month. The Horizon is a great circle, which divides the world into two equal parts or hemifpheres, ot which one is fuperior and vifible, and the other in- ferior and invifible. When the Sun is above this circle it is then day, and when it is funk 18 degrees beneath it, night then commences. This circle is of wood, and the brafs meridian is inclofed therein with all the reft of the fphere : it is alio immoveable, and on it are marked the degrees of the 12 figns of the ecliptic, and the days of the 12 months of the year. The Tropics are two fmall circles parallel to the equinoflial, defcribed by the firft points of the firft degrees of the figns termed Cancer and Capri- co;-n, that is, where they touch the ecliptic. They arc diftant from the cquinoftial very near 23 degrees and a half. The Sun defcribes thefe Tro- pics about the aoth day of June, and the aift day of December. Whin lie touches the Tropic of Cancer, he makes the longeft day for the inhabitant between the equator and the north pole ; and, when he comes to the be* ginning of Capricorn, he makes the longeft day for the people between tlie equator and the fouth pole. On the contrary, tlie fliorteft day to the for- mer will be when the Sun touches the Tropic of Capricorn, and to the latter when he comes to the Tropic of Cancer. For this reafon, thofe points are called the winter and the fummer Tropics, or the fouthern and northern; and they are as it were the two barriers, beyond which the Sun never pafles. The Polar Cjrci-es are diftinguiflied by the names of the arftic and ant« arftie, or the north and the fouth, and art circles parallel to the equinoftial. They are termed Polar, becaufe they are near the poles of thp wprfd^ being only 23 degrees and a half from each pole. , _ The Map of the H'orU, at the beginning of tlie book, r^prefehts the globe, taken out of its horizon, fqueezetl flat, cut through, ai>(l iilrned up again. The circles bounding the projeftion, rqprefent tne.braii rneridiaii ', and the curve lines running acrofs, at every 10 degc<^e8, fliow th? latitude, north or fouth, from the equator. The top and bottom are the horth arid fouth poles ; and the curve lines uniting them, arc the other ineiicjiwis ria the globe, which are drawn at every 10 degrees on the equator, and ^lovv tlie longitude, eaft or weft, from the meridian of London. The equator or pquinoftial is the ftraight line running acrofs the lueridiSns cxai^Iv in the middle, The tro])ics and polar circles are delineated fit their ^ropjft |^aXiCes on each fide toward the north and foyth. _,', ',7 '.„,',^ ,., j ,..,;;(,•'.'.. ^^ '"''"i * .. ' '.'i.Hjiif Vaosiiod Ln>: «l)i/,jT^ 1 >\ ^ipjcntii /fHilUq flWKirj.rji Uii . Of the Zonei, ,'i>.\:V\ y •; .*•. : • ' "" ■»", Tbe Zones are five broad fpaces encompalTing the globe, and are diOin- guilbcd diictly by the temperature of the air. The torrid Zone contains all the fj)ace between the t\vo tropic.s, and is fo called from its cxceflive iieat, ttic Si:n being vertical twice every year to all that inhabit it. This circle is about 47 degree.! broad. The two temperate Zones are {o calL-d from tiieir Ivini;; between tlic two extreme degiecs of he;it and cold, viz. between the torrid Zone and the frigid Zones, the one being c;;lled the Northern ten-.perate Zone, and the otlier the Southern tempcrarc Zone. Thefe are boV\ 4I degrees broad. Of t'le two frigid Zonts, the r.wc encompafles the arftii: or north pole, and extends to the ilillance of 23 di'^^rccs and a half from it J and tbc ^tber, the antarctic or fouth pole, to the fame diftance. A Ci.iM.ATE is a fpace of the Earth comprehended between two parallels, at the en ' of which ^he length of the longeft days are intreafed half an hour fn tht- fim.mer feafon. The better to iinderftand tliis we mull obferve, that undir the equator tl; _■ longed day is no more than tM'elve hours, and that in froj^ortion as we advance toward the polar circle, the days of each Clirr.Ete in.reafe half an hour, till we arrive at the polar circles ; for then the lon;;elt days confill of 2.% hours. Thus there are 24 Climates in all on each Mc of the equator. It is eafy to know in what Climate a city is, by obfcrving the longeft day ; a*- for inliance, at London, where the days are it) hour? long, we need only fulitrarl 12 from the number, and there will rcmnii! four ; then nmltiply this bv nvo, and you will have eight, which is l|he Climate of London. The fame may be done on any other Climate. Of the Paints of the Compnfi. ■ The Earth may be confidered, with regard to the four cardinal Point,'-,, which are tl.e north, fou h, <=a;t, and well ; and all the points included bc- twcv^n them may have refpert to a particular place. By this means we know the fituatlon of the different countries of the world, with regard to each wher ; for fome are orien:al or toward the eaft, with regard to thofe that ^are occidental, or lie weftcrly of them. Thus l',ngland is to the well of France, and Poland is to the eaft of Germany : as alfo /Vfrica is to the fouth of iiurope. We mav eafiy diftingiiith the points that lie between thofe that arc cardinal : thus, though Spain is to tue fouth of France, yet it likewife lits to the wcftward thereof ; but as they do not lie cxadiy fouth or well of each other, Spain may be feid to lie fouth-well of Franoe ; and for the lame feafon, on the contrary, France will be north-eail with regard to Spain. The fame may be faid of any two other countries^. ,;.>,:i. .;t -•. ,. .; ...v.^ 1 ■ ' I .. 'loqij a^riiq ^ ■/■ V -I '.i^Oftkc Ternts ufed in Geography, l i«iQ| ai.<,fis[iijv 5,1? , The wort! Geography cotncs frorn the Greek, and fignihes a defcription of the Earth. By the Earth is meant the terraqueous globe, ronipofed of land and water, and it is cominonly called the terrellri.-l globe. CVwrooraphy \s the drfcfj, ion of a< ountry, province, or county ; ss, for inftauce, Yorkfliire. Topot^yafJi'v i& ii\e deftripti,op of a particular place, as a town and the like. HyJra^r^/fy is a defcription of the water, fuch as oceans, fcas, and lakes. As the Eartli may be rep.r^.fSP'^*^ c^fJ^" in the \vhole, or in part, it foi-ms the ditlVrcace bitweeii geographical charts or. niaps, which, however, may be rtduied to two kinds ; namely, general and particular. Among the t<*nier is the map of the world, or planilphere, which fliows the two furfaces '7 of --^i ^n.ftiiin^-mm |ng the glohr, and are diftln- 1 ne torrid Zone contains all [lied from its exceflive heat, that in'iabit it. This circle le Zones are fo calL-d from Iheat and cold, »'iz. between le bciiig tr.Ued the N'ortiicrn jempcravc Zone. Thefe arc )f;s, tlie one encoinpafles the Ice of 33 dt";irccs and a half )lc, to the fame diftance. '. r.i.) ti;^Xi'■\ ,'i ri '-■' !i'V-.0 ' ' ended between two parallels, ys are increafed haU an hovir id this we mull obferve, that than twelve hours, and that ar circle, the days of each U the polar circles ; for then re are 24 Climates in all on 1 what Climate :i city 13, by London, where the flays are the ninnber, and there will you will have eight, which is me on any other Climate. to the four cardinal Poijitr^ id all the points incUidcd bc- ace. By this means we know : world, with regard to each laft, with regard to thofe that us l.ii^land is to the well of as alfo .'\irica is to the fouth ints that lie between thofe thai jth of France, yet it likewife ot lie cxadiy fouth or well of t of t'ranw ; and for the fame h-caft with regard to Sfiain. ries. M n^.i li'; 1 ^•. •- . ioqj 3>£iq ft f{ Vtm^ A jcrraphr.-' "^i^'it »i ,Ai\\li•^ 5i9i: , and ligmnes a defcription of ;ous globe, rouipofed of land rellri.il gU'oe. Chorography is ;y ; as, for inftancc, Yorkftiire. lace, as a town and the like, as oceans, leas, and lakes. le \vhole, or in part, it fcwms niaps, which, however, may aiid particular. /*..-nong the , which fliows the two furfaces of of the whole tcrreftrlal globe, cut in two by the merid"an pafTm;: through the equinoxes ; as alfo the maps which dcfcrii'c fome principal pitit of the globe J Tuch as Europe, Alia, Africa, and America ; and even kingdoms j a) Sweden, Suain, Italy, or Great-Britain. However, thofe maps may be call- ed particular, which rcprcfent any particular country ; but thty are more properly fuch as jjive an account only of a part, as Naples in Italy*, Nor- mandy in France, and Statlordniirc in England. After all, nothing can give a better or morc,j',encr.il idea of the Earth tlian a globe, bccaule it is of the fimo fh.i'pe and fiyur.' ; b it as it is im- polfible to make one large enough to (how every [lart of the earth and ita, diftini^ly, there is a nccelhty of having recourfc tu general aud particular maps. Geography, ns well rfs other arts and fcienccs, has terms proper to itfelf ; fome of u'hicli have relation to the Earth, a:id otlieis to the water. A Continent is a large part of the Earth, which comprehends fevcral coun- tries not feparated by any fca : thus Europe is a continent. An Ijltitu/, or //iV, is a portion of the Earth en;iicly lui rounded by water.. A Paiiii/uia. or Cnf/oni/its, is a quantity of land which is joined to a continent only by a neck of the fame, it being every where die encompaffed with water, as the peninfula of the Crimea. An I,./i,niis, or neck of land, is that part by which a peninfula is joiaed- to the land, as th^: illhmus of Darien. A Promontory is a high part of land, which projefts into the fea, and is com- monly called a Cape, when it appears like a numntaia ; but when the ad-. vanced part has little elevation, it is termed a Point. Thus the Capegt* Good Hope is a mountainous promontory. An Ocean is a large collet'l'on of waters furrounding a confiderable part of the continent ; fuch as the Atlantic and Northern Oc'^ms. A .'f.i is a fmaller coUeiftion of waters, when underl^ood in a drift fenfe, ns the Irifli Sea ; but, in general, every part of the oce;ui inay be called the fca ; and it is ftill more general, when the terraqueous globe isfaid to cou- lift of land and fea. V%. A Gtilf is a part of the fea furrounded by land, except in ont part, where it communicates with the ocean ; as the (julf of J3engal, \.\\t Gulf of Florida ; and yet thefe are more properly fcas than the Meaitcrranean, the Baltic, and the Black Seas, which, projieriy fptaking, are gulfs, as well 4s the Gulf of Venice. A Bay is faid to differ from a gulf only in being h fs, and more narrow at the entrance than within ; but this is far from being true ; for a bay has a wider entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may be alfo lar;;er'than fome gulfs ; as for inftance, the Bay of Bifcay ; though it mull ^e Mcknow- ledged that bays in general are much fmaller.. > siii ni> •»»aotfcff .\ Creek is a fmall inlet, and is always much Icfs than a bay. - • A RoaJ is a place upon any coaft where there is a good anchore fifiure. a^ thofe at the top ; but ,n Maps ot the b.ll SrtHnVd thereof arc placed the nun.her of hor.rs ^-^ ""'""^^r^'F ' ?a in it lies diltant, eaft or weft, from its chiei town or ^rft .i.cndiat^. I ui la- ftance every place which isVmtatc one degree calt at another, - » W^r to have the Sua>«r minwte. of ti.ne hrfor. l ; and any one place, fm.ate one d - pee weft of another, will .pp«r to have the Sun/«r mmutes "' ''W'- "• Again. , place f.tMate fifteen degrees euft of us, ^.^^I'l^^',";' .^^K";," have th^ Sun .». complete hour iefo,.- us at London ; and , l>>a^^ J'ua^ fifteen degrees weft of us. as the illand of Madeira, will appear to have the Snn MW hour after us at Loudon. • i »• „,. ^^.. oTxhc right and left hand of every Map, between ^''^^ "^^--f"^' "^uTe pWed figure that (how the nun.ber of degrees, either north or louth lat^u c which everv place parallel with then, is diftant from ^ ;^.^;i"^^ ;•'•:, 5^'' London is ntuated 5, degrees 30 m-nut^ of north ''^y,*"^; J .^ ' '' ,;;^ h many degrees and minutes north from the equator. Over mo ft Map are S«wn line? from the top to the bottom, and from the "g^t hand to the left thofe which run from the top to the bottom, are hnes «<^^j""f "J?' ^^''X"^ which crofs them, lines of latitude ; but thcfe are fometime* omttted, uhci* « Man is too full to admit of them. ^^ , xZjJns m Provinces are divided from each other by a row of fingic pofntr^d t^ .re often ^^^-^.r^^^"^''!^'ZJ::^Z^^!^' E-a;.. ^re maiJe Ike little houfes, with a fmall circle .n the "'^^le of them but fmaller :r^, or vHU,es «re inarked only *"'\''"1^, "^ '^j;^- , jf Jerbv «e imitated in the form of little rifing hdlocks; and /.rey^ are re refented^^b^^ > coileaion of little trees. The names of .fagfs are ^"".^'^"^ *"'""' "f hand, thofe of ntia in « Roman charafter, and thofe of/r~ !'^ 'y^^hf tals. Tht/« is jrenerally left as an empty fpacc ""/' '^^^^ ' ?"J' ^are there are ricks, 'fa.ids, or llielrcs, cu-rents o water "^ ; f • J»-*^ ^^ fometimes made' in Maps like little pointed ^^m^s ft.c^k n| ip l^^ar j n e fea. Sands or A^lvcs are 'denoted by a great heap f 'l"^^ P'^"';^ ''^,f r^";^^^ ihaoe of thefe f).nds. as they have been found to lie in the ocean, >y lounrt- hS'L Ss S// o/iafer are dcfcribed by feveral long para lej crook- e7ftroke?;mit.ting a Current. The c..r/. ,/ W. >» -Pjf- =J ^^ .heads of mows pointing to the coaft* toward ^^^'^^'^^'^^^.^^"^ J '^, S^ll .km are de?cribed%y a fuigle crooked waving ''"f' ^Itf d J^ by fuch double and treble lines made ftrong and black, i^' 4'" ^^ <»"W^ guiflied by a double line acrofs the river.;. THE -^ a r3i '**-'W '' » '*'^'j ''i'S '»'''^***'*'^'"'^ •i nm" I! thf north, the bottom s> hand as tlie wcU. In oUl fowed, a Flnir dc Lute i,; >wai'il tlie nortl), by wliicli lin'TS, ar" pta- •■{ fiic fevcr.il caikru or wi:lteru loiisK'u.lf. I'c--. At tiic hottoni of ir.)lt top ; hut in Maps of ihe hi'll ■)v.Tb or mimiteb every plinc or ifirft meridian. Fur in- lit i)f another, will appear to iny one place, fituate one de- four iniiuitei ol'limc a/u-r it. ., as Naples, will appear to ,(>i)doii ; and s< place iituaic :ira, will appear to have the twcen the niarginnl lines, arc either north or foiith latitude It from tlic equator. Thn., north latitude : tiiat is, it is uator. Over mod Maps are »m the right hand to the left ; z lines of longitude, and thofc ire fometimei omitted, when ;h other by a row of fingle rent colours. Citie; or gmu circle in the middle of them ; ivith little circles. Mountains ; and /•rejh arc reprefented by *lages are written in a ninnin^r thofe of /rotw.rj in large capi. ice on ti;e Map, except where if water or wind. Rocks are binRS (licking up (liarp in the p or little points placed in the lie in the ocean, '>y found- 3y feveral long parallel crook- f winds is reprefented by the ward which the wind blows. 1 waving line, and large rUas nd black. Ji>:i/^et arc dlftin- TIIE n»n' ^Vk • '■^ THE .^ . ., , ■It #**.,, vwU«» ■<■<< GENERAL GAZETTEER .:■■ U* US. ♦V»"»f^ .^. OR, C O M P E N 1) I O V S> * ')m ^-'i**:* mi « f»; vjl» •^XhWa in»» »,>«>** r;i' OG R APII I C AL D i C T I () N A R Y. -^ A B A = (H*»« iv. »**MK» >i 1 • ABB ••* 1 A A, a river in \Vtftphali:i, which rifcj near Munlter, waters that city, and |f.m^ into the river b'.iiibs. A A, a river that rilts in tht ilcp:irtmcnt 'f Sommc, ill France, liccojncs navigable ji'cjr St, Ointr, jialTi.'- jtn to CirdVLriues, lan.'i falls into t!ic German Ocean. A.A, a river of Courlrsnd, Out rifcs in ISimojitia, and falls into the bay uf Uij;a, Aalbovh(;. See Ai.BOUiic ; a-, alfo v\:cr words that begin with rwo AA>'k, artd ~i\ uot found here. i •> o ■ Aar, a laigc river of SwilFcrlard, "liicli lias it* fuiiiLi in a kkcjUtar ^luiint IS.Mlbcrg, in the S. of the e.inton of Bern, :iJ running N. VV. through the whole jutcnt of (\\c lakes of Brieiitz and Thun It J Bern, takes a eircuitous eourl'e to So- jicure, \vlien«e it flows E. to Arbiirg, unJ IN E. to Brugg;, below which it it joined |l\v the Reu& and Linimat, and then falls lintn the Rhine, opiK-rite Waldfcliut. Au;^cp, pr Wfltenburc, a town •'f Bav'iria, defended by a citadel, and Icat- jcii on the Danube, fcven mili.» from Ra- |t:lbon. It is remarkable for Roman an- tiquities, and fomc hnc fprini;', of iiiincral vatcr. r.on. ii. 59. E. iat. 46. ^'^. N. Abakanskoy, a garriion town of jSiboria, in the Ruliian government of iTi^bnint. Loii. 94. 5. E. iat. ^i. I -iTBKf.Ait, a town m Sibcr;:!. two miles ktom 'i'oboUk ; famous for an im.i~e of fHc Virt^in Marv, conliantlv viTitLd by a Src»t nuuibtr of inl^jiuui ; the cleri^y eai ry . . "«» -■ -A it everV year in prorenion to Tobofliu!'!' L.in. 6f!, 20. K. Iat. «;S. m. N. » " AuA.NO. a village in tiie tcrritony of Pa- ' dill, in Italy, fahious for v;snn baths, fn one, called Haiinodi.Fan,;*.!, tlie patients are covered with the »v.ai.ia mud, in hopes of a cure. Lon. 10. .^7. E. Iat. 4^, 30. N. ._ A II A ram: I',, ,4 town of Turcomania/* in Afia, whtrc the arehljifliop.jf Nakfivau fiftcn refidto : he is an Arnanian, and yet lilerc art 300 Rottmn Catholics faid to be in tliis plscci it is 10 miles N. of Nakli. tail. Lull., (ti, 5(). E.. Iat. iy. o. NT 's Aba.si^aja, a towu ill Siberia, on the * river lloiii,nj. Tli(r i hyrch isiurrounded by a wall, ;\n.d, jjuarJed by dragooas. Loo. 69. 5. E. iat. 3c. 10. N. ■ AhueboyiT,' a town of frelandrin"' the coiinry of nofcominonj 2-^ niiles N. of R'j!comiiTon.- It is rcmarkablu.foi' aii old aubuy. Lon. f.«j2. W. int. 5y. 56. N. ""■ Abak y U.1.1*, a town of iu.wetr, in th«* dcpartmcat of ^oromc and lite provinet^ of F caiJy, llaud in a pleaUiit .V^fcy,-- where the Soi'iime divlilts into feverar btaiiclits, and I'eparatcs the town into tvv.» paits. A manuf.ii'.tory of woollen clo:h was fet up here in ivn in Cumberlanf^, fo eAlii.d tVjim an abbi.v iiLiiit here by Da\ id B' . ■ • kin ««L.J ABE (•the It n. 3. king of Scoti. It flamh on nn fei, und.hil a market nn Situ. h 16 rnilcs S. \V. of Carlillc. 49. VV. Ltt. >. ^3. N. AiiHKY-Mii.roN, or Minni_KTON, an .iiui nt bat mc.in tf.wn in D-niutlhirc, wliiiih Iwl f'>riii«riy ai> ahbev, am! a mar- ket. Ii i« It miK> N. k. of Dorcheltcr. Lon. X. »4- \\'- l-it- ^0' "i''^- Aiinors, o: Apkwooo Casti.f, m SralVniil.liiic, fit'iattil on aLu'ty round prn- moniury, and a irctp riil;;cof fiilW extend- ing a mile in Lngtii, cinjcdlurcd to l: BrcaklWare, who, under the name of Adrian IV. wa- N. Abkrdke.n% Ot.n, an ancient city 'X Abtrdetnfhire, in Scotland, on the S. bank of the river Dm, over which is an old hrid;^c,of one arch, relling upon two op- pontK rocki. The town confirts only '? the mrthern (fates of Europe. The ma- nufai'hircs ,ire ffockings, cottons, Ike. and here is a fine falmon titlicry. The num- ber of inhabiranr" rn Old and New Abi r- dcen, and the fiibnrbs, is eftimated at 20,000. .Aberdeen is 84 miles N. P.. of Edinbundi. Lon. i. ^o. VV. lat. 57. 6.. N. Alu.RDFKNsllIRK, a county of Scot- land, bounded on the N.W. by RanfTlliire and the river Devcron ; on the N. and K. K. by the German Ocean ; on the S. bv the counties of Kincardine, Angus, jml Perth; and on the W^. by InvernefslTiirc. Its Icnuth, from N. E. to S. W. is about 80 miles ; its breadth not quite 30. The N. R. part extenuini; toward the river Ythan is called Buchan. There is much e\ceveron ; on the N. and N'. crm:i:i Ocean ; on the S. bv of Kincardine, Angus, und 1 the W. by Iiiverner-,fhirc. oni N. E. to S. W. is about brciu'rh not quite 30. The xtendinij toward the river d Huchan. There is niucii ure in the hii^h parts ; and , called Srrathbo^ie, coiitaiiu tn'atcd fields. R, a village of Scotland, rn cl the frith of Fwth, in thi AiitKo^VKWY, a wcli-builr town rf Monmouihlhi't, containini: about too '.oiifes, with two parilh churches, and an rill rafile. It liis two mirkits, on Tiicl'- dav and Friday. It is fixtejn iniles W. of Monmouth, and 14? W. by N. of I.on- lion. Lon. 3. r, W. lar. 51. i;o. N. .A,Hi:iiNKTiiv, a town of Scotland, in *.Iurraylirh-e, on the river "^pev, f irnicrlv the feat of the Pii^ilh kings, and afterward the fee of an a'\'hl)ilhop. Abkuystwi in, afmali rownof Cardi- nfliire, in S. Wales, on the Riddal, near IIS confluence with the Iftwith, where it falls into the fea. Th.; market, on ^3on- tlav, is confidenble. It is 30 mile'^ N. K. "f Cardit,'aii, aild 103 W. N. W. of Lon- ci(in. Lon. 4. 0. W. lat. i;2. 2;. N. Ani:x, acountry of Africa, on tlie Red S«a, which boiiiuls it on the E. Abvdinia jnd Nubia lie ' n the W. Eirypt on the N. and the coaft of Ajan to the S. Siiaijuain is the capital. It is a fandy and barren country, being deftitute of wat^r. The inhaliitants are Mahometans. An IAD, a town of Africa, on t!ie coafl of Abex, Ceatcd on a hi;;h mountain, and remarkable for its trade in ebony and aro- matic plants. AniAGRASso, a fmall town of Ifaly, fiated on a canal, in the duchy of Milan. I.'n. 9. 14. E. lat. 41;. 20. N. AiH.vouoN, a town of Hcrks, on the Thames : it is a good thoroughfare, and has a market on Monday and Friday. 'I'he lllizes, feliions, and other county meet- ini^s, are often held here. It has ahandl'ome townhall for 'he alli/es, &c. Here arc two churches, and the town confilh of levcral well-built rtrects, which centre in a fpacious corn-niaikfct. Great (piantitics of malt are nwde heie, and lent in barges to London. It lends- one member to par- liament, and is feven miles S. of Oxford, and ;6, \V. of London, Lon. i. 12. W. lat. CI. 42. N. Abiul, a town of £cira, in Portugal, A li R nntainini; 1 300 lulubiunti. 1. \'. on. 7. I J, II. 40. 10. 'l HKM AS, one of thr rcv:n nv nations in the countries comprehended tutviten the Jll.ick Si J anil the C.ilpian. 'I'heir ptin- lipal and tii"ll ancient elValiiill.intntu uro on the louthtrn ll /pc of ilic niount.iini coaipn he d !• iifween the river Cub. in and ihi' niuk S' a. They are tributary to tile Turks, and arc divided iatutwo jro. vcrur.icnt., tl.c willcrn and the eirtern i t.ich fiijijeil to a bilhaw, c ■oniinly chol'eii out of the principal native famdits ; one of wl'.im re;idc3 at Sotcl.ul.kali', and the other at l- igluimkale. The ta nil is Ana- eopir, formerly Ni^op4"ik. The .Abkha* fji'ik an original languar,c, elltnfi.illy dif- teiMU from all the known lan.'.iiagcs, tliou-^h appearing to hive a very remote ailinity to that of ttie Circallians. They liavt, at prclent, very liulc religion, al- thout-h they ftiil prel'crve fome traces of Chrillianity. Aiir.AY, a country in f?rear Tartary, Aibjedt lo the Kuiliin'*: hut their chief i» a C.dimick. Eon. from 72. to i!3. E. lat. 51. to 54. N. Am, OK, a town of Little Tartarv, ly* in" between the river Dnieper, dud the Ulack Sea. Lon. 33. 15. E. lat. 46. 20. N, Ahn'AKIs, Indians of North America, iietv.een New I'liu * id and Canada. They hate labour, aiul euuld never be broughe to cultivate the ground. A:!'), a feaport, the capita! of Swedilli I'inlaiid, on the point where the gult"b of IJiiihnia and rinfoid unite. The town, whicii is not ill-built, ccntains feveral biiclc hcuifes : but the generality are of wood, p liiittd red. The inhabitants cxp' rf linen, corn, llax, and iron. Here is a iinivcffuj, founded in 1(140, by queen Chrilliana ; and here iikcv.ile is a roval botanic garden, ellahliiheJ l)y the late uni'ortimate Gufta- vu<. Abo is an epifcopal fee, 140 miles N. E. of StockhclTti. Lon 21. ib. E. lat. 60. 27. N. Abo-fi.ot, or .Ano-Hi'S, an ancient fort in Finland, on a pcninfula, near thr. mouth of the river Aura. It has often lullired from the enemy and iiy fire. Ahoi TlCih, AUL'TISH, (Jt AnoHiBE, a mean town in Up|nr Egypt, in Africa, near the Nile,uhi.re there grow? plenty of poppies, of wbieli they make the bc!i opi- um in the Levant. It was formerly largCa Lit. 2h. ;o. N. AnRAHAMsnoRF, a finall town in ]Iuii.;ary, but well inhabited. Lon. 19. 50. F,. lar. 46. 20. N. Abuantes, a town qi|Portupal, in F2 lira mad ura, on the river Tajo. It con- tain* 3 c, 000 inhabitants, has four convents, - .^-j rt r .} A B Y A C A inf^Brt Wpital. I.mi. 7. i3. W. l.u. \v ,„ l.„„>...,,.l. in ^'\^Aot\ whtcU couM. - hcmlifin panlht>. I-""- ^ '"'• ^^ ' '"• ^'XVk.m:mos .1.>npcrou, Ihoah, .|->.r ,0 ml'.c, from .)kc..;.HoIHmI.1. ami. K.r ,n.lcH-.I>.vc Alba Juln, nc.r wluch an. IJiinc, .,f ,rM ^'^> '>'^'-'-- '^""- '^- *■*• E. lar. 4<>. =0. N. V ,olr, AB.IUZ/0, a P'"V"«,f"^> : on the N. ant V.'. by Anioaa, i'"""^'; "natlu.Ca.rp,nv..'fK.n.- nn.l.n.lj S hy til. Tcn-a .U L'VAra and M. hU- l.t i, .livid, a into two prtsln-tunvcrPt.. Lt.. -hereof one UaU,,dUl.cnon- ha. AquiU f..r ,f. cap-tal •. and .!io otlKr C.tcriorc, of svbichSolnvma.s the- capita!. Ikf.dc the Appcnninc Mountains, tlHTc arc ,vvo others Called Monte C.v.dlo and Monte Mavall'^- The top ot tin. laft .. K Sed with inmv.. This conn. ry i, fertile in corn, rice, hu,t and tartnm . but the wu.Ab abound ^v..h bear* and "" AH'srK.u:, a fmall town in Suabia, in l; luntaino,., b.u plcafant cuvmtry, and ab.mn.l8 in corn and cattle. AlVwnosvtbefomhcrncaft!e.> .h.U - dandles, at the 1^^; J''''"""^ .)■; ^ ^i n.-<.KototbereaofMarnvo,a. ilus lu, u , kllcd Gallipoh, i. ruo mdes m b.e.ukh. nine illands, >n the Eaft I ndus. between &inaoanaLt./.on,w-herethebpan>.r.U have a fort. Lou. m- 'J- >-'• ''•'• "'• "a^yssisia, a kin^rdom of Afn.*, boiled on the N. by Sennaaro^l^a; on tlu: E. partly by the Kod Sc. rd l,,rtlv bv Dancala ; on the W. •'■^'.'»- r • 'i ., ft... i; hv OilT-"ro and Alalia; ham -, ;.nd on the b. U) v.iin„ . Ivhiu between 6^ and iu N. lat. .net lo„.., and Koo broad, and com .ans ,,, S.ooo fr lare miles. The r..iny Uafon eonnnnt. J; 'ai months fr-m April to September 1«. • • i: !„.» without intcr\..j, .n a s'rcfal-le to the folei of the feet t punW .nvin>; to the f\x mnnthi rams when j. | fun app-ars and partly t,. thi pcipttu.u tonahivofni^ht* and da> .. Tlu:.e is m. ' .1.- .1.1 *lii» t^fiuliirr'^ I for lix montns n-o. ,.....-.- • r Tim is li.ccccdcd, without intcrv.,i, .n a 1 im IS UlcteeuLu, - , • , , clnullel. fV:v. and a verltcnl Inn. ..old S5 The ♦ih. notw,.bftanduv< be toiMinv or ni^im .i>i•■■ country in the woild that produc. . ^icato-v.ft.:tv ot" .piadrupedv, both «il,i „ndt.imci hut there ar. no t^cr*. Ih^ hv.nas, however, .ire very iiuinem-n, an,| dr.adful in ihtir ravaj^c^. HeluU nia'i;; Intei.s of taidcs vultures, .".c. (of u Uuli Mr. »rucc, in his c. lehra'.d '1 ravei, i.. ililcover the Source of thr Nile, Itss j^.v, n ,,Miplc der.ripri..ns) tlure i. :i (picie, a wl.de, lalkd haddavn, which is l.ke\Mk vei V frequent in Kv-.ypt, nml eon.es puiu. tudlv into AbylUnm, at tiic return ot tl,c fun, after the tropica! r.iin'.. V ,ft variety (,f Oorks cover the plains in M treat plenty. Tlierc is a town of the lam-. name. Lon. o. i.. E. Ut. 8 ?o. N. Acvrui.C'. a eonl-.derable town ci Mexico, in ^. America, leatedona Invi.t tti- Scutlt^ea. The harbour u very comuio. die. (llmi nf (he feet; pnnlv |to the (ix innnth* r.iin-, when i, > ari, ami [urtlv t,i tin porpcti.:! iir tii>;llti anil il.i. •. Tliirc i- w, in the uoild that prixlmit \ virtKtv of (iiiailrii,H<|:, Utli «i!! u'i hut there arc ivi tit;crk. '11, t idwi'vcr, .ircwiy tiuioirntu, hihI |ii in iluir ravajjcH. Xcliili. main' I iif ta:'!c<, Vultures, i'»c. (of w hull 'rucc, til his ti ((.lir.i'ril Travels lo r the Sfiurce nt the Nile, iiai jjivi d ilcfi ri^)tii.n>.) tliirc ii a tpicic. it cajltd ha>l(livn, whieli ii hkewilc (•i|ucnt ill I'.i'.ypt, iiiul eniiici puiii. into ,\!>) Ilium, at tiie return of t lie fter tlic iriipie.i! i.iiii'i. V ill varii.:y kb c'lvvr tilt plains inJ\iiv, \v!ii,n 111, hrinllic eoliliant. 'I'llere ;iu- v',; hut tlulc arc of iin imnunu III liL.iiitv. Of inl'trts, tl.i; ninlt re. 'lilt ib tlle'l'tlaltlal nr llv, which is In i> lattlf.and even tn the caiTuI, thit, c panicular countries, ijrent imij'ri- src iihlijjcil to tal^c pi,ii.i: in the Ik ■ It; of tile rainy leafoii, to jirevent ill (llixk of cattle from licinu; lUtlrovLil. nlin;; to Mr. IJruce, the tilehraicii Nile ha-^ it'i linirce in tlii* eiiuiitr\, tin- villagi. of ("itJh, in Ion. [6. : ;, I lat. 10. ^»). N. Ciondar i> theiui.. is. There ii a rctnarkahlc coiiui- c In-'tween the ciifiums in the eciirt if nt Ptrfi I and tlioh; of Aliv(Inii,i. Ti lijjion of the lountry is a niixturt ulairmaml of the C'hrilUanity of th: k church. I' .\ 1)1 A, or Nov A Scotia, a cotintrv orth America, himndid by tlit riMr .au renre on the N. l-y the i.cean mi •',. hy the hay of Fundy and the It i w lia 'jii the S. and hy New J'',ni!aiui mi \V. It u IS c>.ded tj the I'Veneli I'V trtatv of IJred.i, in i6<): ; but bcii'i; watii takin hy the Kii_i;h/li, it was, 'by reaty of UtiLilit, ceded to tiieiii. It very fruitful, country, and art'oi.'i rv of name, liifide fiili. The capital 1 is H:\lifa-i. Tliis province was, iii y, ilivided into two tjove'rniiictits. Sio '\SWICK, NhW. t; AM BO I', a kingdom on the coa(l of lea, in Africa, wtt»)le kinj; isablolutc, all hii lubjei'i:!. liaveii; whieh, hmv- , doii not prevent them from beinj rhty and infoknt. t'.WNY, v.n inland country of Guinci, \frica, aS';vding the bcrt ;;old, iti t p!(;nty. There is a town of the fiKni: e. Lon. -i. -j.s. E. lat. S. ?o. N. C.\l't"l.C( . a eonfiderable town I'l tieo, in >.. America, ftatedona bavit >c'Jith*ea. The liarbour ii very cumiuu- Jiua^, A C II ~" I <1im«, and will hold near too vcffeli. KwlV year they lend a rieli fliip to Ma- nilla i I'ld .inollier refuuis aiinudiy theiu'e ti this port, l,iilcnNM'h the bell eoninio- Jirii,> ijf the Kilk Iniliet. One of thefc, IhIc.i with liivrr, w.i« taken by coinin'Kl >re A"!' n, in 1741. l«on. loi. »o. \V. Ut. IT. :•.. N. ^ . A( tKi^. a town if 8 mth Arocnca, in Par,i;',uay, built l\as, wlini it ivas powerful enoiiL-h to expel the I'or- tu-.TUefe fimn the iflaiid, and it.s l'uverei_i;ns riciived ctnballii -; from Ionic of the j;i-i;.it(l poteutatis of hlurope. It is tlimii'lit coinparativi-ly healthy, beiii;; nmre free from wooiU and Iwanips than the ctlier parts of the illand. Its chi»f pro- diii'U ;.-e very line fruits, rice, cotton, i/i>l.l dull, and fiilphur. Tlle Aciinn fe an-, ,n geiural, t.iU. r, lloitter, and nuieh dirker- cimnlcvinned than the other buiuitrans. 'I'liey are rnore aftive and iinUiftiii-'us th.in tl'.eu- neij;hb()itr», and have iii- re l.i^acity .ind penetration. They arc Mahometans. Aiiii.i.N, the capital of a kiiii^doin of the fame name, feated on a river wiueh llows into the lea, near th;; N. W . point of tile iflciiid, or Achctii Head, about two miles from the mouth, in a wide v,i!ii.y, formed like an ampliitlieatrc by two lofty ranges of hills.. The river, which empties itlelf bv fev;.ral channels, is very niallow at tli; bar. The houfes are bui'it of b.m- buos and roiii!;h timbers, and arc r,iiltd fane feet from the ground, tiiis part of the country being overtlowcd in the rainjr feafon. It is an open town, in the centre of which la the king's palace, a rude piece of architefture, a mile atyl a half in cir- tumference, furrounded by a widj and deep moat, and ilron^ walls. A laijje A C 0, mi>nn'a.'>iircof athick kind of ci»toncf<»fli, and 1 f Itu.f tor the !lii,rt tro.sfers >n mi bjr the Mrflayi and Aeluneic, i- ell,iMilhed hire. Pay-iifiif* art* connionly tnmle in P'lld dult, which ii carried ab.ui' in bl.td. titri. 'i'he .\iheinle are bold aiu! expiit navigators. Crimen arc piinilhed hero jvith reiiMrkablv ri^jour; but the rod of jufiiee, it in fiipp .ltd, fdls only on the P'xr, I'aiy theft i< pnnnlifil bv fuljKiid- inj; the o|f nder fruTi a ..ic, with a \^\\n, or other h-j.ivy wei-ht, tied tn hi. feet j or by cutiini^ otF a liM;'ti-, h and, or K^, ae- f the r.K^tf. Alany eoulin;'| to the n,itim of (liele niu'il ited p daily in tl.c Uriels. 'Ic ire to be t'ccil \n .idulterer lofen the prutcTion of his frlenl!^, and is de- iivcred up to the relation^ of tin hu'lund, w'ho convtv him to aiirce jilain, ,iiid fonii tlieinfelves into a circle, in the inidll of whiili the culprit it plaitd j a larj;a wea|V)n is thin difivend to liim bv one of his rcl,itioiis, ami if he can force Iii. u.iy through, and eliape, he \i not li.dilc to farther proficution; but he is nmA cntn- nionji- cut to pieces in an iiiUant ; and hi* relitioiij bury him as they \> ould a deail buirdo, on noucc';unt adiiiittiiT.; tht corpfe into ti.eir houfi, or performini'; any fit- neral rites, llii'liway-robbfrs and h'oull-- brc'kt-rs are drowned ; and their hiiclic-! ,ue cxjiottd, a few d.iys, on a Ihi!... \ but if a pried hi- I'obiied, tile ofiender is burnt alive. Vet, after all, the Achenefe arc fiippiifod to -v tt'.c m.ill dilhuiKll and lla- urious peoj),^ in tlie Mall. Aclneii is looo- niiles S. E. of Madras. Lun.y;. ^4. K. lat. <;. II. N. AcitoM'.v, n linall toxYii of Iiel.ind, in the county i,f Slyro, on the S'limici. AeiiMK isi-nK f, a townofCiim Tar- tary, in the KuJi'.an province of Taurida and government of Cathaiincnflaf, Lou. ; 5. 20. 1-V lit, 4:. o. N. Ai'HYK, a (tioii;.; town and caftic of the Ukraine, fiibjc^t to the Kulffms. It is on the river Uorlklo, near 'he frontier* of Uuliia, 117 miles K. of Kiow. Lon. j(). 10. K. lat. 4q. 3z. N. AciKK.SO. Si-eAcKKNO. AiKKV, a fmall town in the duchy of Majjdchuri;. It has a citadel, and IbtiJj on the f.lbe, five miles below I)-. Haw. .AcoMA, a town of North America, in Ne-v Mexico, feated on a lii^li moiini:iin, with a flroiu; callli. It is tlie cajiMl of the province. Lon. 104. 1;. W. lit. 3% o. N. " Ac^s, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, in the department of Ariicire, and. late province of I'l-ix, in I-'raiice. Its vicinity is noted for hot fprinjjs. Lun. i, 40. Ii. lat. 4^. o. N. B } A(#QUA, 'i! » ^,' Ac<:^^^\, a town in TufcanVi notci.1 fur "naini u.uiis. Loii. n. 10. E. lau 43. 45. N. AcQUA-cili:-FAVi:i-I.A, a cclebratci! fountuiH of Italy, ill Cildijria firevu.rL', a provincf of rVrip'-Cii. U is n'j.ir tlif riunuh of till rivci- Crata, aii.l the ruins arc taILd Sibari Rujuiuia. Aci^ Al'UN' UEN I K, :i i irgc town of Italy, in tlic patrimony of St. I'cter, witli a biihup's fui;, lt?.it<.il on a mountain near the river Pai;lia, j.i miles N. by VV. of Home. Lon. li. i, , E. l::'. 4a. 43. M. Ac7J;aria, a fmall tovwiin Vrigaua, a diftrifl of Al ereaiej : and there is a ihapc of a ni.in's foot cut out of the rock, .ib.ait live or fi.\ feet in I< ni'tli, which they pretend is the piiiit (.f his foot. And near this is a reef of rocks, which run over to tue continent, cniL-ii ^Vdmi's ISiidge ; for tlicy fay it was maJc by angels to carry him over to the mam k'.nd. However, we muft obl'erve, tlijt thefc are E;tropca:i names ; lor the lirft inaii is not called Adam bv the native^. Au AN A, an anii^nt and handfome town of'Natolia, in acu:.iniinj; climate, ,. ii!. ^ bilhop's lee. It is feated on the Choquen. I', miles N. E. of T.irius. Lon. 36. 12. K. lat. 37. 26. N, AuKL, a kinj;di.'ni of Africa, rallci alfo /eila, from lis capital town. It lin < n th.. S. eoau of ti'.e lirait ot Babelmandtl. It feldom rains here, and yet tlie countrv is fruitful, being vvell watered by river:,. It abounds with wheat, millet, frankiii- cenfc, and pepper ; and the tails of theii fiieep weigii a^lb. each. T'he inhabitautj are Mahometans. Adklfoks, a gold mine in the pre- vincc of Smoland, in Sweden, difcovered in 173S. Ducats are coined with its gold. Al>KN, once a rich town of Arabia Fe- lix, feated by the feafide ; but it hai been ruined and ahandone.i for forae ycari. Lon. 46. ^o. E. lat. 13. 10. N. Adknhurc;, or Aldenburo, a town of Wcltphalia, in tb.e duchy of Berj, fiibjcft to the Eleifor Palatine, 12 milei N. ]v. of Cologne. Lon. 7. 16, E, lat. 51. 2. N. AniGE, a river of Italy, which has its toiiree to the S. of the lake Glace, among the Alps, and runs S. bv Trent, and E. bv Kerona,^nto the gidf of Venice. Adon, a populous vill.ige, in the po'- vmec of Stuhl-VVeilTcmburg, belongingto Hungary, in a fruitful country near the Danube. Lon. t^. 2;.E. lat. 47. 35. N. * AiJONt, a town in the peninfula of lIindo(,;hin, on "one of the briuches of ■the' river Tungcbailda. It was, not many V'.'ars ago, a fine city, extremely w'ell for- tified, and the capita! of a fmall feudatorv province of Golconda. It is i-c; miles S. W. of Hydrabad, and 310 N. W. of Ma- dras. Lon. j;. o. E. lat. 15, 37. N. Adovr, ^ "^ , A U U rug, and adorned wiih fine battkmtn's ;i rows ot wiiit!o.\s tmnmlly tarvil. 10 building is ii[\uic, and 'in ii,ary iLcs ciinri', iiaving lufrcrod lufb Irom t.,; ui'V of time tha;i any utlitr, and ni;iK, i:li its prclciu appearaiiCL, liave htm riajiniilccnt (tniCtuie. It is eight nii nil hiircwfbiiry. ADAM's-PiKi:, a high mountain in ; illand of Cc^'on; on the tcip of which y liclicve tiic firft man \va!> ctx>aied : A thtic is a Ihapc of a man's foot cut t of the rod;, .ibvut five or fix f<.i;t in ii'th, which they picli.nd is the piiiit (f loot. And near thi^ is a ricf of rocks, lich run over lo tnc continent, caiL-d 1, all's liiidgc ; for tlicy iay it was ni.iJc aiigtls to carry liiai over to the niaui id. However, we muft obftrvc, tlut .-fc arc Eiiropca:'! names ; for the lirft 111 is not called Adam bv the iiativtj. Adan a, an aiui^nt iiiul handlnme town Nat')!ia, in acn:.iniin;; chmaic, ,. li!. ^ hop's lee. It is feattxi un the Choqucn. miles N. R. of T.iruu. Lon. 36. 12. lat. 37. 26. N. AuKL, a kinf;doni of Africa, railci /cila, from its capital town. It lii.i th.. S. (oalt of ti:c lirait of Babehnaiuid. iu'ldom rams here, and yet tlie coiuitiv fruitful, being vvcll waurcd by river:,. abounds with wheat, millet, frankm- ifc, and pepper ; and the tails of tbeii ;ep wcigii a;lb. each, l.'hc inhabitautj : Mahometans. AnKLFOi'.s, a g.ild mine in the pro- )cc of Smoland, in Sweden, difcovcred 173S. Ducats are coined with its gulii. Adkn', once a rich town of Arabia Fe- , I'cattd by the leafide ; but it hi; -■n ruined and abandone.i for fomc yean,. )n. 46. 30. E. lat. 13. 10. N. Adknhl'rc;, or Aldenbi'RG, a vn of Wcltphalia, in t!-,c duchy of Berj, jjcrt to the Eledfor Palatine, iz inilci I'-.of Cologne. Lon. 7. 16. E, lat. 51. N. AniGF., a river of Italy, which has fource to the S. of the lake Glace, lonjr the Alps, and runs S. bv Trent, 1 E. bv Kerona.^nto the gulf of Venice. Adon, a ]-):>puioNt, a town in the peniiifula cf ndoolian, on'or.c of U": brauclu.s of .' river Tungcbadda. It was, not many irs ago, a fine city, extremelv w-ell Cor- ed, and the capita! of a fmail feudatory >v.incc of Golconda. It is i-; miles b, . of Hydr.d.ad, and 310 N. W. of Ma-- s, Lon. 7;. o. E. lat. 13, 37. N. AUOVK, t** -<*i. • 4 £nifnnrt//dr fiivoker Cateiteer ■\i.-, ■»:;•?■' ' i^ N G Anorn, arivcmf Fmnrc, whirh rifcs ill tl\c department of thu .Upiii-i- Pviciu'i.";, auJ niMiiimr by Tarbt< and Dix, falls into tlic biiy of HiU'ty below Hiyoniu;. Ai)'.!A, a I'eaport town of Gr:rjr»il2, in Spain, 4: miU-'i S. E. of Gianadi. Lon. 2. 37- W. Iat.j6. 42. N. Al)RiA,a tovin in tUe tti rirory of Ve- nice, which gives n.imi- to the Adriatic Sea. jt is very ii-.conli(Uv able, though it h.ii a h'i!hop's fee. It is 2 ; i.iiles S. S. W . of Venice. Lon. 12. ;. C. lat. 45. ><. N. Adriano a Sii:KitA, or mountain of Adriano, in the province of Uili.ay, in Spain. There is a road ovi:r it to Aalba and Old Callile, wliieh is very diiTiciilt : at its bcginniik; there is a dark path of ;o paces cut through a rock ; after which is the mountain that ir.uft be pafled over, v.hich is one of the hi|;heft ot the Pyrc- r.ets. Thcfe mountaini; arc little fre- «(Uented ; and there are no Lnliabitantj, except a few ihcpherds. Adki ANoi'LK, a cek'brjtcd tovn of Romania, in Turkey in Europe, with an arciibilliop's iec. It is in a line plain, on the river Mara/i, 1 1 5 miles N. W.of Con- ihmtinoplc. The Grand Siiniior cften vi- fits this place. It is eight miles in circum- ference, but the llrcets arc narrow and crooked. Lon. 26. 27. E. lat. 41. 4;. N. Adriatic Sea. See Venice, Gujlf OF. Adventl'RK ibLAN'D, a finail iAand in the South Sea, fo called froni tli- fhip Advenrnrc.i.'i u-liichcapt. Furntaux failed to the South Sea. .CajK. Cuok found tiie people to be miid and cheerful, with little of tiiar wild appearance \(||ych Ibvages ia };cncral have. They w;:rc, however, al- iiioll to;a!lv devoid of adivity or j;enius, and were nearly on a level with the wretcli- ed natives of Tierra del Fucgo. Lo;». J 47c :r). W. lat.' 43. 21. S. Adui. A, a HKHuitain of Xavarrc, in Spain, Ivini; between Pauapelunj and St. Jean de Pie'de Port. Adzksota, a imall to^n of Valen- cia, in Sp^cin, feared on the niountaii-.a I'ej'na Golola. Lon. 2. lO. W. lat. 31). 10. N. iEr.ADF.s, or ^Oatfs, three (m-Al jfiands, lyinjj on the W. fide of Sicily, nppufite to the main land, between iVTar- fella ant! Trapani ; tl'.eir names are Le- venzo, Favii!,nana, and Waretama. yEc;i-. l.sr AWIK, a iniod harbour, ly- ing about half a mile frii;n the to^n of Soddertledge, in Sudevmania, in Sweden. .I'Ing IN A, one of the illand^j^in the Archipelago. It lies in the bay c,r Kn- ^'ia, and tiic town of that name Contains »asut Spj liDufes and 1 cuftlu } and iitar "' ' A F R^ it are the ruins of a magnificent ftrufture' which was probably a ti niple. Ai'.RSHOT, a town- in Brabant, on the liver Demur, ten miles K. of Metlilin. Lon. 4. 49. Iv lat. i;i. 1- N. j'Ets'A. SL:e EiNA. AFRIC.-V, one of the four principal parts of the wotkl ; bounded on the N- by the Mcditcrr mean Sea; on the W. by the A; funic Ocean; on the E. by the illhmus of Sue/., the Rtd Sea, and liic In- dian OccKn ; nnd on the S. i)y the Southern Ocean. It is a peninfula of prodigious ex- tent, being joiucd to Afia by the ifthmus of Suez, which is 60 miles over. It is in the form of a pyramid, whofe ba** , trotn Tangier to the illhmus of Sue?., is. about 2000 miles. From the top oi the pyra- mid, that is, from the Cape of GoodlLf c, to the moft northern part, is 4600 miles ; and, in the broadcft part, from Cape VenJ to Cape Guard?'^ui, it is 3500. The greatelt part < f it is within the toirid zone;, which renders the heat alinoft infupport- able in many places. However, the coarts in general are very fertile, the fruit.S ex- cellent, and the plants tstraordinary- Thcre are mor^ wild bealls tiian in an/ other part of the world ; there are alio fome animals peculiar to this country ; fuch as titc hippopotamus, or river- liorfe, whofe teeth are lb large that they ferve in- fttad of ivory, and are much better; the rhinoceros, v.ith two hc^rns on iti nofe ; and t!ic beautiful ftriped zebra, which is elKemed a fine prefent for the gieateft princes. The crocodiles, which were thought formerly to be peculiar to Africa, are now met with in orher places, or at le.-^-.t cieati;reti ib much hkt- tuem, that it is hard to know the dift'trcnce. IJefide thi.'fc, they have ollriches, ciintls, and many other .'mimals not to be .t with in Europe. There arc (everal i 'erts, par- ticidarly one of a large extent, which is almoft without water, and whole lands are lb loofc, that, bv means of a Itrong wind, _ they will Ibmctimes bury whole fara\ans at a time. However, this is not (juitc without inhabitants ; for there are wild Arabs, and other people, who rove from place to place, partly in fcarch of paliure, and partly to lie in wait for the lich cara» vans that travel from Barbary and Egypt to Negroland and Abylfinia. Tllere aru manv large rivers ; but the principal are the Nile and the Nigcn", of whicli laft, the Seneg.d and the Gambia are ofily branches. The mod conluUrabk- moU|l-' tains, are the .Atlas, a ridge e.\ten(ffe|^ frohi tile Weliern Ocean (to which it gives' the name of the Atlantic) as far as Egypt, '^'he Mountains of the ^^oan arw flill U 4 l''c'»^» i'-. A G A liichcT thnn thole of Atliw. Thofe of Sierra J.cr,nc, or tlv Mountains ot the Lions, which divide Ni;.;Mtm from Guincii, txfend to A'Dyiliiiiii ; thd't; wtrt liyltd, by the aiicif.iits, th.' M.,untaiiis of GrKl, r,n account of their iicin- fubjtft to tlv-in.lcr and Hghtning. With refpcft to rclifti-n, tl'.f inhabitants nmrilt of r^tjan?, M.dio- mctnns, and Chriliians. The firll, which poirds the c^rcatcft part of the country,_ from tlie tropic of Cancer to the Cape nt Good Hope, aic the nmft numerous and are 'generally bhicii. Tlic Mahome- tans, who arc tawny, pofftfs F.L'vpt and the'coall of narharv. The people or Abyliihia are dunoniinaitd Chnltian',, but retain many Taga-i and Jevilh vites. In the N. of Africa arc 'ome Jews, who ma- nage nil the little trade of that part of the couniry. Tlsc principal divi'ions of Afiua, according to the bcft accounts, are the BarbaryVtatcs,F.^7pt,^.ikdulgcrid,Zahara, ^^•-roland, Guine.s Upper Ethir.pia (m- eluding Nubia, Ab\!iinia, and Abo:), Loaniro, Congo, Angola, Benguela, Mata- man, Ajr.-i, Zanguebar, Monr.motapa, Moncmu-i, Sofola, Caffraria, and ^ the country oi the HoUcntots. lu itSS, an alTochiMon of learned and opulent gcnt,c. men 'vis formed, for the purpolc or hav- ing the interior rueions of Africa explored. Mr. Lcdvard and Mr. Lucas, two per- sons well' quahfied for ihe purpofc, were fcledlcd as their miflTionarics. Mr. Led- yard died on the journcv ; but Mr. Lucas IS ftill purfuing his rcl'earches. The afi.i- ciatio". liave been fortunave ni colleaing much geographical information m this tarlv fta"-e "of their rerearchc,; and tl^ere is" little d'oubt but that, in a few years, all the rreat features pf this contmcnt, within the reach of their intjuirics, may be known and dcfcribed. See Bornou, Cashna, and Fk/.aan. , ^ . , Afi'ica, a fearort of Tunis, on the coaft of Barbarv, 70 miles S. S. K. of Tunis. It was taken uy Charles V. who demoliihed tiie fortifications. Lon. 11. ,0. E.lat. r- 36- N. * Aruioi-'K, St. a franll town in France, in the department of Aveiron, late Roucriiue. 6 miles F. of Vabres. AFV.'KSTAn,alargc rnpper-work be- longing to ihe crown ot h-vedcn, which lies' on'lhe PM.., in the province of Dalc- carlia It l<.oks like a town, and liai its own church. Here they make copper- ,,lates; and ir 1.;.', si mmt for Imall hivcr ■•coin. Lon. .4. ^°- Y^' ^'l' ''■'"{ ^,' ■ Ac;\DK.s, a kinir'U-.m of Nfcgroland, in Africa, with .3 toun of the fame n:ime, tributary to the king of Tomimrtou. It produces excclleni llnna an(} ni&iiud, Lon. • fj. io.E, lilt, 19. 10, N\, . ■ ■ ., ,.i.|W||e -C'.-..-: - ■ At, I * Ar.AMFNTicus, a mountiiin of N America, in the province ot Main. It 1? a noted landmark for failors, about ei;.;hf miles from the fea, in jar. 43. 16. a few miles weltward from Wells. Ac'.ATHA, St. a town iu the kingd-^n of Naples, with a bilhnp"s fee. It is ro miles N. K. of Naples, Lon. 14. 36- i- lai. 4..;. N. , , , AoATTON, a town near thf mouth ■^f the Formofn, on the co.iil of Giunea, So miles S. of Benin. Lon :■ 6. li. lat. 7. ;r. N. AfJOK, a town of France, in the depart, ment of Hsraiilt and late province of Lin- gucdoc, i'eated on the river Hcrault, one mile and a half from its mouth in the ini't of Lvons, where there is a fort to defend tb.e entrance. It is 17 mije't N. E. of Narbonnc. Lon. 3. 33- V- '■>'• 4v ")•. >■• A(;f.N, a rich, handlome, and ancient town of France, in the late province ol Guienne, the epil>op;d fee of the de, partment of Aveiron. It is ieatcd in a t.r- tile country, on the banks '^f tl'.e (iaronnc. Prunes, oii account of their aiHilcorhiinc iiropertv, form here a ronlidcrable objoV of commerce; of which the Putrh J.iKe great quantities for bug voyages. Gn;.t part of the hemp in the neigldiourl-.o- d r. manuf.iftuted into table linen, which r, fent to Cadi/, anJ. thence exported to the Spanilh illand;. Here arc likewilc nv:nu- fai^tories of camblets, fcrge.s, and fail-cl/.li. Agen is icS miles S. E. of Houideiux, Lon. o. 4. E. lat. 44- '2- i^'- Agf.n'ahat, a town of Tranfylvama, 10 miles N. K. of HeriiTanliudt. Lon. :.^. 50. E.lat. 4(il|i. N. , . . „ . Agi;k, a town of Catalonia, in Spam. Lon. I. CQ. E. lat. 4t. S'^- ^'• AGGA.or AciGONA, a country on riit; coaft of Guinea, in which is a very hi-h lull, called the Devil's Mount, tuppoled to contain a great (juantity of gold. 'Phe Englilh have' a t'ort here ; and the village near it is inliabiicd chiefly by filhermen. Agc;f. uiiVYs, a fortrt-ls of Norway, in a province of the fiiinc name, wluch is full of mrunrains. It is 30 Tiiilcs N. W. ot Fredericklhall. Lon. 10. lo. K. l.'.t. y-,, 30. N. See CliKIsTlANlA. Aghrim, a fmall village in the county of Galway. in Irehnul, memorablt for the decifivc viftorv. eaincd jiilv i;, '''O", I''-' the arniv of ICing Williim, coniniandid by GcniVal Ginkle, over that of J.mies 11. under i\L St. Ruth. AcHRlX, a town of Irih-.nd. in the county- of Wicklow. 13 milts S. W. of Wicklow. Lon. 6. 21. W, lat- 5-' 4^- N- .' , . , * AfJiMF.HF, or AZMF.HF, the capitul iif ;\ tvirilor-- uf thc"'V>\iiie nume in Hm- At; I A G R ATCT 1 AMFNTicu!^, a iT\ount:iin of N , in the province lA Main. It i? landmark for failors, about ci.i;hf ,m the fen, in l.if. 43. 16. a k\v liwavd from '\Mls. rnA, St. a to^vn in the kinp:d"rn :s, with a billinjVs fcf. It is ro . E. of Naples. Loti. 14. 36- i'" VTON, a tnwn near thr mnutn "* mnfn, on the co.itl of Gimit-a, So of Benin. Lou 7. 6. IL. lar. 7. K. a town of France, in the depar'. Hsrauk and late province of Lui- I'eatcd on the river Hcrault, one ] a hnlf from its mouth in the in;'t IS, where there is a fort to deftii.l rancc. It i^ 17 "^lil'-'t N- ^''- 'f ne. Lon. 3. r^- !'•• tat. 4v ")• ^'' N, a rich, haudlonie, and ancient f France, in the late province of C, the epil"'opal fee of the de- it of Avciron. Jt is iVated in a t.r- ntrv, on the banks of th.e (iaronnc. , oii account of their arvtilcorhmic V, form here a conlidcraMe o'oji;d mcrcc ; of which the Putch Kikc [uantitics for l"na,- voy;v:;cs. Gn;.': the hemp in the neiuldiourh.oi d r, ftuted into whle hnen, which r, Cadi/, anJ. thence exported to the I illand;. Hi'rc are likewife nr:n'.i- ;s of camblcts, ferges, and fail-cl/.li. is loS miles S. E. of Gourde lUx, I. 4. E. lat. 44. II. N- ■■.NAB AT, a town of Tr-.mfvlvr.nia, 's N. E. ofHennaalladc. L(in. ;.>, lat.4«^-N. , . . ^ . KK, a town of Catalonia, m bpaui. . CO. .E. lat. 4t. ■■:0. N. CA, or Ac;gona, a country on riit; f Guinea, in which is a very hi-h died the Devil's Mount, tuppoii.i ain a great (juantity of gold, 'riie h have' a fort here ; and the village is inhabited chiefly by filhermen. ciF.uiiVYs, a fortr't-fs of Norway, in inre of the fame name, which is full mrains. It is 30 ■miles N, \V. ot -icklhall. Lbn. u. lo. h'.. l.'.t. ^f;. , See CliKIsTlAMA. URiM, a fmall village in the county .way. in Ireland, memorable for the ■c viftorv. gained julv i:, I'-o't '''■' •niv of l-Cing W'iiliim, comniandul ;n'.r.al Ginklc', over that of James II . i\l. St. Ruth. HUi\, a towti of IrclantU in tl.>. i of VVicklow. 1} milts S. W. of low. Lon. 6. 21, W, lat. s-- \f;iMF.HF., or AzMF.nr:, the capital .va-itor-- uf thc'lAiiie nuim in Hui- T. > I. ► »!.,. fv,t ,if T has declined forapidlv. Asrra is 100 niHej' AW},r^ Proper, butlt at th ^fj^^ ^^ ^ k. of Dehii. Lon. :S. i^. E. 1«. virv high mountain ; on the top ot wliicli , ^^ >• , af<.rtrefsof great '"-^"i^::''-. J^'V'^;;;'' ' aJuV.pa. a town ofSpain, in Old Ca- :,o mile., by the road \\ • /";• ^5" ' „,ie, ci-ht ,mle* '.i. W. uf T.uacuua. Lon. aadvet the famous umpe. or Acbi., lays • ni.ijor Rcnnell, ni u!e a pilgrimage on t .lit, vo the tomb ot a 'aint there, tJ im- plore the divine blcliing tn his f unity, which, at that timf, confifted only of a.uichters : but after this pilgrimage, he h.id'rhree Ions added to it. Jehangmre, his ion, occalionally kept his court here ; and this occafumcd ti'e viiits of Sir Tho. mas Roe to this pl.'.re from Surat. Lon. 7t. :o. E. lat. lb. 3;. N. ' AniNi^ociiT, a village of France, in tile department of the Straits of Calais and late C(m'lty of Artois. Near this place, Henry . king of l''.n;.',land, obtained a fmnalv,, .oryover the Krench.in 141 v It i> fcven miles N. of Ueldin. Lim. 2.. 10. 1''.. lat. CO. 31. N. A-; MAT, a :own of Africa, on the river of the fume name, in Morocco. It is leatcd on t!io „, declivity of one the moun- tains of Alias, where the air is good, and t'le country fertile, iC miles S. of Morocco. Lon. 7. I-,. W. lat. 3'5- 5f'- N. Ac;moxim:siiam. Sec Amkksham. A(;n ADFi.i.oA, a villaije of the Mila- nefe, famous for two battles : the firft, in I ;oo 1 the fccond, in 170;. It is i'eated on the canal between Adda and Serio, five miles S. E. of Callana. Lon. y. z6. E. lat. 4-2:-N- AcxANo, a circular lake, in ihe king- dom of Naples, fevcn miles from Puczoli. It is about' half a mile in diameter, I'ur- roundi;d by mountains ; !r.,per. Lis the adjacent country beaunul and t,r- " d he S. bank of the river Jumna, tile. It is built on a point o an thatjuu • —• • • into the gult. Lon. S. jO. b. lat. 3 c. 50. JN, AjA/.io, H feaport town of Natolia, in the jirovinee of Caramania, anciently Cili- cla, featcd on tiie Mediterranean, 30 miles ie,exuunrstae.uou,.,ai;o.- N- of Antioch, and 40 W. of Aleppo, About the year . sf.6, the where the cuv of IlFus aneient v (loo which is feldom fordablc. This city ap pears to hivc been, during the lalf cen- tury, and in the beginning of the prefent, the moft fplendid of all the Indian cities, ^nd, at this time, exhibits the moll magiii liccnt niuij emperor Acbar made it his capital, ano cave his name to it ; fince which time it li often named Acbarabad. Jt was then a fmall fortiliedtown; hut it loon Ipning up to an entcnfive well-built city, regularly fortified according to the Indian method, and near which Alexander fought his fe- cond battle with D.iiius. Lon. 33. 10. E. lat. . N. AiCH, a town of Bavaria, on the Par. It was taken by the Sweiles in 1634, and afterward reduced to aflitb. L«ai. n. io. tortuieii accuruing 10 nn. *mv..-.. ...-• , i- 1 , j ,., •m . ** -and with a fine citadel of red treeltone. 1^. lat. 4s. j-^. i>. -,| 'c h" it his f.ldom happened that a Aicits r at, a town of Franconia,*a|). Ji^^VU great extent aaln.a^ni licence ;al d a bdhoi>ric of the iame na^^' ■m<»- AIL A I X U rcwnrkal.ln fur a cuiiniis piece of wnrk- manflii]', tilled ilif Sun ot the Huly ha- crtimt-m, which is in the church : ii is of nrsaliy gold, ot grc:it wci^lir, aiiri ii ea- richtd with 550 Jiamutuis, 1400 'prnrls, » zombies, ani.1 other iirtcioiis ftoisc-:. This piicc is I'eatcil in a valitv, on the river Alt- mii!, 310 miks S. of Ni.riniiiCit;. Lon, ii. xo. J'',, lilt. 48. «7. K. Tiic hiniiipric i. 45 miles in Itiiijtli. tiiu! 17 in brcaillh : and the hilhop is ciianceil'T of the ciiurch of Mcntz. AlEI.I.o, a fr.i:^'' :.Avn in Abrtu/c, Ul- tcriorc, in tlie kinjjiic ..■ •■'"Naples, beloi<{j. •ng to the litici'itHry jiar.i;.- .'." 'Ml..,:. Lon. 1 5. 20. E. lit. 4!. 40. N. * AiGLE, a thriving little town, of SwitTcrland, in t'te c.inton of Rtrn. IViird on the Rhone, about fix miles irom its en- trance into the like of Geneva. All the houfcs, cveu the me:\nc'il, are built of h white marble, found in tlKneii;hl»Hirho.n. 4. 3. E. lat. 43. 34- ^' „ . r , , . Ali..\H, a fmail ancient town i^f Arabiri Pctrea, on the K. hdc of the Rt d Sea, near the road which the pilgrims t^ikc from Egyptto Mecca, f^on. 30. 40.' E. bt. 29. lO.N. '■■■ Aif-spt'ii'v, thciiEiiK- of a rich valr; in BiickirphantfliirK, which orenpifs th* centre of th.if rouiify, and is one of the mod I'l rtile tracts in Enj^land. An. (SHU.. Y, the larjcft and moft po- pnlous i(»wii in niiikioghamlliire, witli a market on S.itiirday. it confiOk of fevcr.ii Iketcs lyii'j; .tb.r.it th; market-place, whieli is larj»c, and in tlic midjie of it i> a very convenitiit h>.ii, in wbic'i this town ihans the afiues witii liiickiiij^bam. Jt is nl!i; tlic c.ntrc of the buiiiiels of the rich vale of Ai!ell'.;ry. The '••.'. .■..t..itth_ of tills toui,, >.nd it- .lllOl^d, ate in pof- fetrioii •■,' ■.'•x art of re'rinj^ early duck- I !:'..:;', which is ci.rricd to (uch an e.vient. tint it ij laid 3.;o-l. have been received at Aikduiry, for the I'uppiy of the London iiarket, in fix wttks, ufoally terminatin;; in March, Tins town, fends two mem- bers to pa'-Jiament ; and ii 16 milts S. E. of Buckinijliaui, and 41. N. W. of Lon- don., Lon.o. 4i. W. lat. i;i. ;o. N. * AiLs.\, a j^rtat inltikited n)ck, to tl.e b. of the 1(L ol-' Arran, in Scotland, hi bafe is .'ibout two miles in circumference. It connfts of a fiupendous affcmbb^c cf precipitous clitl;, riling in » wild ferle', forming a pyramidal niountain, 000 fuel high, acceinhle only on the N. E. The ruins of a chapel, and of a calHc, are liiii fecn i and wiibin 30 yard;, of the latter, i$ a fprinp; of ficfli water. The lower part^ aiL inliabited bv ,i-,o,iLs and rabbits; and the lofty fummit-. art the refuse of innumer- able fca-fowl. Ai.Mt, or A,xiM,\, afmall town in Sa- voV; on the river I;"eic. * A IN', a dipariment of France, late!'; the province of iircfle. It takes its name from a river (fflieh rifts at the foot of M..unt Jura, and falls into the Rhor.i. above Lyons. AiNs.\, a town of Spain, in Artagoii, 'on the rivtr Ara. Air. Se-i: Ayk. AiKi;, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Landes and late province of Gaf- conv, liatcd nn the river Ad-.iur, on tin' declivity of a mountain, 65 miles S. of Bourdeaux. J. on. o. 16, E, lat. 43. 42. N. Ali'K, a ftrongtown in the department of tile Straits of Ciliis and late province of Artuis. It is t'eatcil on the river Lis, 22 miles S. of Dunkirk, and conimunicatrs with St. Omer, by a canal from the river .^a. Lon. 2. 2). E. lat. 30. 42. N. ■'■ Ai.sVK, a dep-u:mcnt of France, in- cliidinir the late provinces of S lilfonivi". and Vermandiis. It takes its name fr .m a river,, which runs by Soiffons. and fiiijs into the Oifc, near Ci.mpie(;ne. A IX, a liuiidlonic and uneieat city of ' '-" " ■ ■''• ' ' fraucc. A I X |i"f'Ii:iainiirK, whii-h orfiifvfs thr |f tlur ciiuiify, und is one of tl'i- tilf traftj in Kn|,'bnil. siiU.. V, til;; Lirjcft ,liul mnft po- i»wii ill r>uvkiiii;haiTi(hire, « itli » Jcii Sitlirdiiy. Jt cniifit>kof fcvcr:ii yiiigab.r.it thj markcr-piacc,wliiih [ and ill tlic niii'ilc of it i> a vtry _i;iit h'.ii, in wliic'i this town (liarcs l/i-s wiiii Buckinj^ham! Jt is nlfo Ire of th-.' buiinclii of the rich vulc ]ll.:ry. The '■.'. .'. ,t..atii^ of tiiis n'i •'• ^ .iiiood, ute in pof- : ;i; urt of rf.rinjr c:irly diick- ihich is c-.rrici! to luch an cxii;:it. lii I'ai.l j;o-l. have been rtccivid ;u irv, f.>r the fiippiy of the London , in fix wteks, urnn'iy tirminatin-; ch, Tins town fends tw;) mcm- p^.^'i.l^unt ; and L; i6 miles S. K. kiiiyh.iii), and 41. X. \V. of Lon- on. o. 42. ^V. lat. i;i. ;o. N. I i.sA, n ^re.-.t inliilattd rork, tn t!-,e he lilv. of Arran, in SotlaiiJ. [t* about tivo miles, in cir-nmftrenci-. fts of s ftupendous affcmbb-e of ituiis clil^'<:, riling in u wild ftriL-, g a pyiamida! nioontain, 000 ftn.! acceir.b'le only on the N. E. Tiie iif a thajiel, and of a calHc, are ftiii and witiMn 30 yard., of the latter, \% ig rf ficfli water. The lower part-, v.biteil by .i;(\iui and ra'i)biib: and the ^llIllmit^ art the refuge of ihnumcr- ca-fowl. ML, <-r Ax IMA, afmal! town in S;i- on the river Ifeic. Un, a department of France, latch; roviocL- of jirefle. It takes its nani't a river Iroich rifts at the foot of It Jura, and falls into the Rhoc.i. Lyons. NSA, a town of Spain, in Arragon, ; river Ara. R . Se-e A V U. RK, a town of France, in thedepart- of Landes and late province of (ijf- tvated nil the ii\er Ad.air, on th- iiy (if a mountain, d; iniies S. of kaiix. I.on. o. 16, E, lat. 43. I'K, a fironcrrown in the department ' Straits of Calais and late province tois. It is I'eatcd on the river Lis, !es S. ofDiinkirk. and coinnuinicHtes «, Onier, by a canal from the river I.on. I. 1). E. lat. 30. 42. N. iIsNF, a depniimcnt of I'rance, in- i; the late provinces of S liironivii ermand.iis. It takes its name fr .111 ",. which runs by SoilTorii. and falls If Oifc, near Ci.miiieipie. n, a hunJIbnic and ;ineieat cit ■.ty ot FraiKf. ALA France. It was the canit d of the late province of I'rsivcnre, when it had i parliam it. it ha> dill a uiiiveility ; \i row the nietro- jio!itan fee of llie dtpartinent of the Mouths ot tile Rhone ; and is ft. tied in a pbiii, where there are hot bathi near the little river Arc. It is 75 miles E.of Muiitpeliier. Lo.i. c. 3 I. E. lat. 4;. 31. N. Aix, an ancient town of S ivoy, on the l;ike of H./.irget. litre are niinei.ii waitrs, iniuch fitqutnitd. it ii ciLdit milts N. i>f Chami'L-rry. Lon. ('■ 10 !•'.. lat. 45. 40. N. Ai.\, a fniall illand on the coall of Trance, between the ifle of OL'ron and the continent. It is memorable for an unfucceisfiil expedition of the Kiif;nlh in i;;7, againft Rochefort, when they return- ti\ without doijii^ any thing, except demo- lilhing the fort of this iiland. ft is 12 miles N. VV. of Rochefort. Lon. i. 5. W. lat. 46, ?^. N. Aix-i.A-Cii ATKi-i. K, a large and hmdibme town of Germany, in tiic circle of W'ellphaiia. Jt ii a free impcrialtown, and the emperor Cliarlem.i;.Mie \. as io de- li;;hted with the beauty of the pi lee, that he chofe it for his relidencc. lie is inter- red in the church of Notre Dame, where thev keep his (word, his belt, and the Four Evanyelifts, written in letters of gold, v.diich arc made ufe ui at the corona- lion of the emperors, itt famous mine- ral waterv !raw a j^rtat ii'imber of perfcns every year. In 166S and 1748, it was diftinguifhcd by two celebrated treaties of peace. It was taken by the French in 1792 : but they were driven from it by the Aullrians, March 3, 1703. ^t's It'ated in a bottom, furrouiultd by mountains, 22 miles N. E. of Liege. Lon. 6. 3. K. lat. 50. 4S*. N. Akissat, a town of Natolia, in Afia, built in a fine plain ab«ve 17 milts over, which is (own with corn and cotton. It is inhabited by about rooo Mahometans, and is feated on the river Hermits, 50 miles S. E. of Pergauio. Lon. 2S. 30. E. lar. 3^. 4?. N. Alauulia, a province of Turkey in Afia, between Amafia and the Mediterra- nean, toward Mount Taurus. The coun- try is rough, ftony, and Inacceflible, on ac- count of the great number of mountains. But there are g^jod pafiurts, and they breed excellent horl'es and camels. Alacoa, a town in the ifle of St. Michael, one of the Azores. Ai-Ais, a town of France, in the de- partment of Gard and late province of Languedoc, on the river Gardon, near a beautiful meadow, at the foot of the Ce- venncs. It contains 10,000 ml'.abitants, and was lately an qjifcopal fee. It liu) a i ATTB — •itadel, built by Lewis XIV. It m j<;8 mi.-s E.of l\iri,,;,ud 37. N.ui Moiitpehitr. Lon. 4. 10. E. lit. ,14. !J. N. *Ai,am>, a ti. liter if i(land«, at rhc entrance ot" the i^uif of iiothnia, in the iJaltic S;-a. Tilt printipwl iil..nd, wliitlj eivts name to liiu reli, is about 40 mile* liinj^, and from n to jt> inoad. It contain* 1; \iil.ige5 and gooa inli.iljitanis ; and n included in iLc iMivirniiunt of Sweiljlh Finland. It is -5 miles N. E. of Stuck- liolm. Lon. 2". o. E. hit. 60. o. N. Ai.atamaha, pronounced Ottaraaw- haw, a river ot N. Amtrica, called alJ'u Sr. Gi.oR(;i.',s Rivkm. It riles in the Allegany mcunrai'is, and taking a foutii- calterly direction through tJ....rgia, empties itl'eli", by feveral mouths, into the Atlantic Oct.ui, ,ibi ui 60 iiiiies S. W. of the river Sa\aniiah. Tiie Alitamahais a noble nvcr, formed by the jiji;('tif.n of t!ic Okonee and Oktinulgee brajichta ; but is of dijlicult entrance, Ala r HI, a town in the Cainpa)i;na of R.omc, on a hiil, uuh a bi;h,)j/s fet j 4a miles S. E. of Rome. Loji. I'j. 8. E. lat. 41. ;o. N. A:.atyk, a town of RulHa, in Afia on the river Sum, in the I'ovtnmicnt of Kal'an, and 40 milts E. iif rLal'an, Ai.ALTA, a river of Tiirkty in Eo- r.pe ; it has iis fource in the nioimtaii»i that fepa: itc Moldavia and Tranfylvania, runs S. through 'Valaciiia, and difehargcs itfelf into the Danube, ahnult oppofuc Ni- cupolis. Ai.BA, a town of Italy, in Montfcr- rat, with a bi (hop's fee. It was ceded ia 1631 to the duke of Savoy, and is feated on the river Tanaro, 20 milts S. E. of Turin. Lon. B. 5. E. lat. 44. 46. N. Al.UA-Jui. IA, a ftrong and conlidtr. able town of Tranlylvauia. with a hiihop's fee, and a univerfity. It is feated on the declivity of a liill, near the rircr Ompais, 1 5 miles W. of Hermanlladt. Lon, 24. c. E. lat. 46. 26. N. Ai.HA.MA, a province of Turkey in Europe, on the gulf of Venice ; bounded on the S. by Livaiiia, on the E. by Thef- falia and Macedonia, and on the N. by Bofnia and Dalmatia. it prodiaces excel- lent wine ; and the inhabitants arc good horfcmen, and great thieves. They are of the Greek church, and defccnded from the ancient Scythians. Dura/zo is the capital. Lon. iVom iS. to 22. E. lat. 39, to 43. 30. N. Albano, a town on a lake of the fame name, in the Campagna of Rome, v^'ith a biC.iop's (cc. The territory about it pro- duces the heft wine in all this country, and a j;reat many poblcmcn have jjardcns here, where 1 :-t*r3?Si'--^^-»Sta.-oJi«5-i'i» fA,;,, „ 1 J 5t" If!' jTcns wlif re they rpcru! file fuinrnfr, Tt ii u niilibS. 1*'.. of Rome, r.nri. u. •c. K. Int. 41. 43. N. 'I'tierf is anothtr tfiwn ot the Intric name in flu B ifiliciiti of Na- plcj, rciniikiible for tj\i' fi rtility uf the (oil, aiul the nobihty ot the inhibit.ioK. Ai.HAN'oi'd! IS, a town of Ti'.kcy .n Kuropc, fornici ly tl\c rnpiial of /Mtiani.i, It is ic,it((l on the rivir i)rin, 4? niilti 1'",. of F-lrll'io, Lon. 10, II. E. I.if. 41. 4!^. N. A I. ban's, St. an anricit town nf J[iri% «>n the river •' iln, fo cilkd fioni St. i\l- baii, \^ ho was horn heri cjf Vn. iin |iartnt«, but having been converted to Cliridianity, ua> the liril ni I'tyr in Knu'l.im!, ^nd was buried on a hill in the nei^libo.irhoocl. Otfa, kinp; of the Mtrci.in-. (10 atone for the murder of Elthelbert, prnice of the Kaft Ani'Jes) cii6fed a nionilhry lure, and dedicated it to St. Alban. luUvard VI. incoriioratcd the town, which is yjt. vtrnedbya niiyor, l'i;^!i itcwaxl, nrord- r.r, 12. aldermen, &:c. Here ure three' churclus bcfide the ancient one thrit l)e- Innetd to tile mnnaikry, w hicli the inhi- bitanls pureliafed of Edward \'l. for 40cl. and whicli is now a pirifli church. 7 lie Ihrinc of St. Alban ftood in tl>e eall part ; and in the pavement arc to be fcen (ix holes, in which the fiipporters of it « ere (i\'ed. Here alfo is the nionimunt t,{ Otfa, and of lluin;"ihrty th.c t^ood (hike of Glouct-fter, vhofc leaden coffin wasdilVo- vcrcd in 1 vault, in 1 "o;? : the body was pre- fil^d almoft intircly by a kitul <.f pieklc. ^oT a veriijic, bcfidc thi' rhiiich, rcniiins of the abbey, except the jj.iicway. In the church of St. Miihael is the monnnnnt of the ftlUlUiraii Vrancis IJicrn, vilcounl St. Alban's. In the centre of ihe town Ifood one of the mapnilirent crofTis, erc('ted by Kdward I. in honour of his quitn Eleanor. A building erefted in its ftc.ad, in 170',, Dill retains the name of the C'rofs. On the river Ver is a curicus mill, originally erctled for the polilhing (.d frorr nlinotl all parts of the ivrrhern \\ nrlil, Ad\ . urers arc led iiere, bv the ad. ni- lat;es foi 'raile. 'vhich this place all' vi', ; it iH'iiiK; fitnatecl on one i>'. It fendi two mtmbfv* *n par- vv,a fort bi'Ionf'liii; ro tlic Imi','. the S. W. ot 'ihi.liim's H.i\. ;o. W. lat. ;:. i ■. N. II ANY, a i-jfy ')(' N. America, ii: ni New York, litinii d mi flu- if (liKlliin'r. rivtr, 160 niiki N. t (if Nivv York. If loiuains ^ :. ,itiH 4000 inliiibitants, coIU'i>'h1 ift all parts of tl\e northern wurld. rtrs art. led litre, liv the ad, ni- radc, n\\k\\ thi^ place all' :.', ; fui'ircd oil onf (if the riiicit rivi r> rill, and the llorchoufc of the am! hum Canada and the Laki.!.. 20. VV. lat. 42. jf,. N. XSV, or B'tKADAI HANK, a dif- Scotland, in the (hire of Perth. i;ivis the title of duke to his nvi. cv-iind liin, Frederic duke of Yc.rk. M (tated on the diclivitv 11, 3 N miles N. E. by N'. of Rinieii, iN.N.W. uf Paris. Lon. 1. 30. 49. CO. N. BKNot'A, iin ancient ftrong feaport )f Italy, in the territory of Cicnoa, I hiihfip's fee. The place is ("iir- ■A with olive-trees: hut the air is ilefomc. It is feared on the Mctli- ;an Sea, •57 miles S. \V . of Genoa. i. 3. E. hit. 44. 4, N. Bisoi.A, a fniall town belonging to iiiblic 1)1 Gem a. Here is a poict- nunufafture, and ftveral cnvintrv of the Gcnoele nobility. It was rdcd, in 174;, bv the Englifli, Lon. E. lat. 44. i;. N. loC'Kc;, a town of Denmark, in Jutland, w itli a hidiop's lee. it is AlbiAirg, which lignifus Eeltown, junt of the great number of eels ta- re. It is leatcd on a canal, 10 miles he fea, and 30 N. of V'l'ibnrgh. It exchange for inetchants. and a fafo r. Thev \nvc a conlidcrabk rr;ido rings Ani c«rii, unj a niauufadtirv cif A L C nf jiinj, pi(hils, (,* Idles unJ gloves. I-on. q. 4(1. K. lat. sO, :■.!. N. ArUhKT, Htiiwiiof Krance, in ihede» pifi'.RMf of LamUi and late pr iMiiee of (l.uiunv, )7 link.. ^. of Ujurdeaiix. Lon. e. one of tlie moll curious in Krance : it iscckliratcd for an organ, which to tlu merit of c.jii- (trui'tion and perl'pe'live uiiius a tone ind a ■•.u.v ':um,i':it in the higlieft |>erfedtiiin. The inhaUtants wer» called Albigenlcj : they were the (iril tliat dilputed tlie au- thority of the pope, and tiiev were con- demned by a Council held here in 11 ^6. 'l"lie environs of Albv are ch.irniiiig : the magnificent walk, called La J.ue, is a ter- rice, commanding a great mill, which is (>i deep, that it I'erves the town for folTes. 'I'lie adjacent territory produces all kinds of grain, excellent wines, llax, hemp, I'af- froii, aiiifeed, cori.inder, and woid. The Tine paltiircs afFird wool of a good i|ualitv, which is manufactured into knit ftockinrrs fur the foldiers, ratteens of all co'niirs, Ihal- I'Kins, coarle woollens, Sfc. The wax candles of Alby are eipial in whirenels to fliofe of Mans. Thi town is 41 mile; N, E. of Touliiure, and 33; S. of Paris. Lon. z. 14. E. Tat. 44. 1 5. N. Ai.c M, \..iiK-(;i'AiiAri( A, a ti.ivn of Andalulii in Spain, on the river Ciuadaira, five miles S. E. of Seville. Lon. ;. lA. W. lar. 57. J S. N. Ai,iAi,A-in.-llKN AitF.z, a large Iiindlome town of Sp.in, in New Calliie, with a famous univerdty, a tine library, read a caftle. \V'ithnut the walls there is Co line a fprinu, that the water is kept for the king's ufe. It is leatcd on the river llenarez, 1; miles E. N. E. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 6. \\[. lat. 40. 26. N. At.trAi.A-riF.Ri: Ai,. a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a famous nionailery ; fcated near the river Salado, fix miles S.'of Seville. Lon, <;. 22. W-. lat. 37. 3S. N. Ai.c '.MICK, an ancient and handfome t-nvn of the United Province?, in North Holland. Jn tlie environs, they make the bed butter and chect'e in JKlIatm, and ha\c the ilncil tuhps. It is 17 xr.iici N. A L D by W. (;f Amllcrdam. L"n. 4. 44. F., lit. ;i. 40. N. Al.CAMfi. a town of Su ilv, in the val- ley of M.i/.aro, St lilt foot of Mount Hoiu- fal'. Lun. 13. ;s. F,. lat. jS. i. N, AicwrAKA, a fill. 11 but ftron;; tnwti of Spain, in Kill iinaJura, and the chief place el' the klii);h's of lint iiiiiie. It hat a migniticetit biidgc over the Tajo, built by the eiiijH'or 'i'rajaii. It w.is taken by the earl of tialwiy 111 1706, and retaken bv tl;c French th^- lame year. It is 41 links N. by \V. of btviUt. Lon. 6. 7. \V. lau 3y. 20. N. At CANTAUA, a townof Spain, in An- dali'.lia: It llamls pretty high, has a place where the Rotna.is built a bridge over a moral's, with .1 tower .it each end. Ar.CARX/., a town of Spun, in T.a Mancha, defended bv a ftrong cafile. It hi., a remarkable ar.cient atpadurt, and w fiiuated luar the foiirce of the river Gua. dal(]iiivcr, 13; miles S. S. E. of Madrid. Lon. 2. :;. \V. lat. 3S. iS. N. Ai.fA/.AU, a town of Spain, in New C.iltile, on the river Guadamana. It has a fortrel's on a high lull, and lies in a very fruitful country. 100 miles N. VV.of Car- tlM..;cna. Lon.' 4. 20. W. lat. 38. 11;. N. A I r AZ AK Li:r,rKK, a town of Afiici, in the kingdom of Fez. It wa> taken by AljihonCi, kin ,' of Portugal, in 14'iii ; but loon after aband ned. It is feated on thu ftraits of Gibraltar. Lon. 5, 30. W. lat, 35-0. N. A t. (■ A /, A P. - n K - S A I., a town of Portu- gal, in EtframaJura, with a caftic reckon- ed impregnable. They make fine white fait here, whence the town takes its name. It is feated 1 n r!ie river Cadoan, 1^ miles from the lea, ami 35 S. K. of Lillion. Lon. q. o. \V. lat. 3S. ti. N. Ai.i'oNCHoF, a caftle of Spain, on the frontiers of Ellramaduri, feated on the river Alcaracjuc, that falls into the Gua- diana, 20 miles S. bv V\'. of liadajoz. LoM. 6. sSi. VV.lat. 3S. 12. N. Ai.couriM, .1 town of Portugal, in the prcniuce of Al;'aiva. It is (eated on the river Ggaihana, and contains about 1000 inhabitants. Lon.-.7. 20. '\A''. lat. 37. 10. N. Ai.m'DiA, a town in Majorca, confin- ing of about 1000 huiifes, between twa large harbours. Lon. 3. o. E. lat. 3.>. ^o.'N. Aiuborouc;h. a town in Suffolk, with a market on '^V'ednefday and Satin - day. Jt is pieaCantly feated in a dale, be- tween ,1 high hill to the Weft and the fea to the- lu.iU. A river runs on the S. W. and the old chilreh iiunds on a hill, it is 40 "^ ALE ALE 4ft mil" F. I'f Hiiry, and o} N. E. oFrnn- din. It I'rnJ' t va iir rnhci* t'> pirliamf nr, and I» ({'jvcrncd by n Inilirf"^! aldermen, iHi<1 t4 ciimm iii-*i)Uiii.il. Ttic harbour ii flcrri^ily g'l'id, Init fmill. The town \va< f.irincrlv truifS Ioniser ; b-it the fca hw taktn awiv whole llrceti. Lon. 1. 42. I'l. lat. SI. I'"- N- . , ALPl"'>'^"''Tf. s t"wn in th? \V. r'uliiii; nf Yi il.;liirc.i:n t'.ic Otift, h.ul for- mt.rly i» ni.iiktt, ;iiiil l\in fciKh two mtm- bcrs to pArli.iintiii. It is 1 ; milts N. W. r,f York, aft -t, N. by W. of London. !,...». I. 10. W. Lit. ^4. S. N. _ A I. OF A, n tfuvn rif I'mmo it, in F.flr.i- niaiiurn, lo iiiiifs S. I'', of I.ilbon. Lon. 8. ^n. W. l;r. ?S..?6. N. Ai.of wntMiv, a vil!s2;c in Wiltfhire, en a hcaliliy hill, in a £^"^l I'portini; coun- ti'v. and ncir the Avon. It rirric* on a in.;;mf,ifUirc of fultians, and rcrtived con- fidirablc damat;c by a fiic in Sept. 1-77, whin -.or- houfe-. were dcllroytd. It is tsvo miLs from S ilifliiiry. At. i)k:ihil''i -1 pli-'ifant ifl.ind of Sweden, form>;d bv the three arms of a river, ninni'u; thi taken by the Ara\>s in 1637, and is !iihabif«iid by Turk;, and four forts of Chtil'tian;, who have each a biihop, a church, and the free cxercfe of thrir rfli- jjion. Thf city and fuburbs con'am jp.ocs pirlbni. Next to C.nltantinoplo and Ciiro, it is the moll caj ifiderable town ia the Turki(h empire. If Oands on cif^h*: hills, in the middle of s plcaCant friiithil plain, and is of an ovil hk^urcThc caftif ftiniU on the liij^h»'n hill, in ihr midilli; 'if the city ; and the htnifes are better than in other places in Turkey. As uCual in thu I'.. lit, iluy coifid of a large L.nirf, with ,1 a dead wall iollie ftrect, an arcade runnin,-; round it, paved with marble, and a iriarldc f.inntain in the middle. The city and fiiljurbs are fcvtn miles in cotnpafs. Tlii- flrccts are narrow, l)Ut well paved wi'h Iir^c fquare Uniic, and kept very dean. 'I'hiy liave a gnat many flatcly mofipici and caravanfera-i, with fmrntains and riier- voirs of water, and vmeyards and j;ar;reater fplendour and Cafety than in anv other city in the Tuikilh empire j which is owing to par- ticular capitulations with tht Pirte. CVathes or carriai.'cs arc not ul'ed here, but perfoiis of quality ride on horfelvick, with a number of lervants befure them, according to their rank. The PLnglilli, French, and Dutch confuls, arc miicii rc- fpefted, and appear abro.ul, the Enoilifh tlpecialiy, witli marks ofdillinffion. The heat of the country makes it convenient f or the inhabitants to (kep in the open air, in this city, over all Arabia, and m many other parts of the Eaft ; for which rcaCou, their houl'es are flat on the top. Tins praittice accounts for the early acquaintance of thel'e nations with aflronomy, and ex- plains Tome parts of the holy I'criprure. As tlie Turks are very uniform in their way of living, this account of Aleppo may give a;i idea of other Turkifl, cities. Ei.jhrcLii mites S. E. of Aleppo, is a lar^ijc plain, called 'he Valley of Salt, boimded by lii\\' rocky hills, wiixh form a kind of nanir.d balin, thatretainsfhe raindtfcending from the rocks, tok-ether with the water rirmjr from > few Iprinjjs, and caufc the whole tt» ALE nnd the free cxercfc of their reli- Thf nty and fubiirbs con-iin pirlonj. Next to C'liflantinoplo •o, it i-. tlic mull c.(i ifiiltrdhle town 'urkifti empire. If Onnd* on ci^h' the middle of a iilca(Hnt fniiUiil ■111 is of an ov.i rikfurc.'l'hc cad it.- n the UiKlcR hill, in thr miiiiili; ->£ V nnd the houlcs are V)tttL'r thun in l.iccs ia Turkcv. As ul'ii il in ti>u ity coifirt of H large L.mrt, wilil ,i v,ill i(pltif ftrcct, HnrtriMiic riinni!i.:^ :, pivcd with marble, and a marble 1 in the middle. Thi- city and aic fcvtn mili» in compafs. Tin- irc narrow, but well paved wi'h |\nre ftoncs and kept very clean, lavc a gnat many ftatcly mol'iiuci ivanllras, with fountains and n I'er- wattr, and vineyards and gardfis '.n'cd with m'lft kind? of fniit. 'liio 1 all the welU in the city iv bratkilli ; nd water is brought frum fome about five miles off, bv an af]ue- aid to have been built by the cmprels . The Cliriftians have their lioufts ii-elus in the Cubiirbs, and carry on Icrable trade in fiiks camlets and y leather. Several European ni- ivc faiitoiies here, and the Kn,!;li(h a (lutdran'de, rele^bling a college, their chaplain and chapel ; and, at hour>, \hiv divert tlumfelves with gand fowlir.t;. Indeed, the European ints live here in greater fplendour t'ety than in anv other city in the Ih empire ; which is owing to par- capitubtions with tht Pirte. ;s or carriai.'cs are not uled here, rfons of quality ride on horfeback, i number of I'ervants befi)re them, ing t.) their rank. The Englilli. 1, and Dutch confuls, arc miicii n-- d, and appear abroad, the EnRliih illv, witii marks ofdilHnttion. The if the country makcK it convenient ; iiihabiiantb to lltep in the open air, I eltv, over all Arabia, and in many part's of the Eaft ; for which real.m, hdules are Hat on the top. Tins CL accounts for the early acquaintance fe nations with aflronomy, and ex- fcvme parts of the holy I'cripture. As uiks are very uniform in their w'ay ng, this account of Aleppo may give :a of other Turkifli cities. Ki.;hrrLn S. E. of Aleppo, is a large plain, the Valley of Salt, bounded by Vnv ■ hills, whxh form a kind (if natur.,1 , that retains the raindtl'cending from ;cks, together with the water rifmi'; » few iprin^i^, and caufe the whole A i. i: A L F lo . bcoTcrftowid in vlinr. The extent takeii bv prince Kugonc in nnd, anJ lijr jfi.l ufievenncfiofthe laifateprevi:nl>»lii'i nariT from being of any g'. it depth; io t!ut it i: loon evaporated bytUcfun, when It leave* a rake <>( fait, in lome places half ,in iiirh iliiek j and with this the whole iiielnltd plain is covered. The t nl of this iiliin il a Itiff clay llronk^ly imprc.^natc.l with fait. Ill April, people are empl;)ye J river Potoinak. Tin- fit nation is elevated 10 liithcr this fait, which is very good, and niul picafanr, but the water fo lud, that tl'.e mliibitants are obliged to fmd nearly a mile for what is drinkable. The origi« the TrunJi m I7>5 ; but it wu retaken next vtjr by the ki'ig of Sardinia. It ij (tated on the ri*;r Taii.iro, 4) miles S. by E. of Milan. Lon. 8. 4;. 1'-. lat. 44. 55. N. * AifMANDRH, a town of Viitiinia, in N. AiiKiie I, on the f!)Uth lif lhi> lartieient to liipply all thii part ot the c aniry. Aleppo in feated on a fmall pr.Hjk, 170 miles N. by F. of Damafc.is and 60 from the lea, Lun. }:• -o- E. lit. ?;• 4? N. Al.KsrtAM, a finall neat town in Nor- folk, with a market on Tuefday. It is 15 miles N. of N'jrwiih, and lii. N. E. tv N. of London. Lon. 1. it. E. lat. A1.KSSAN0, a town of Otranto, in the Kingdom 'if Naples with a bilhop's fee, i ; miles S. \V. of the town of Otranto. Lon. iH. 25.R. lat. 40. 10. N nal(titl(v>i laid out the l^tcets jn the pl.ia of i'hiladelpliia. It contains upward of ;do hoiiCes, many of uliicli are h.i.iilt'omc. Nine miles belnw the town, on lire Vir« ;Mnia bank of the P it miak, where it i* nearly two miles wide, is M"Unt Vernon, the Celebrated feat of general U'aihington. Alexandria is no niiles N. '( RicltinonJ. L';n. 77- r. ^V". lat. j'f. 30. N. Alt x,\Ni>uiA, or ScANiiFmA, an aniient and (mcc rich and fanioU') town of Egypt, now mucii f wr.ich would contain 100 foldieis, and had a cillern in it, to which the water of the Nile was conveyed. It was forn.eriy a place of great trade, all rho trcafurtsof the E<.\\ Indies being depefiteJ meafure loft. Tite hind on which tlis town Ihttids is lb low, that the feamen c*ti hardly difcovcr it till they are very ncir. The i^ates of the town are of Thebaic ani granite marble, and I'ompcy's jiillar is one cnti'c piece of granite, "o feet liii.',h, ani.l z i in circuitifLicnce. This place is fun- jet^ to the Grand Si^rni'ir, wlw, however, has but a limited authority. It is Cuated on the molt wtfterlv branch of tlte river Nile, 125 iiiiies N. W. of Cairo. Lon. 31. II. E. lat. 30. : I. N. Al.FAri:s, the name of certain if^ami* near the mouth of the I'.bro, in the pun - cipaiity of Catalonia, in Sp^in, Al.rF,I/,EKAO, a fmall town of Eftra- walls, in which the tomb-, are more numer- eus than the houfes. The road is fu'^'t to many great inconvenieneics ; but the extreme unwholefomenefs of the air is the worft. I'his annuillv carrie;, off one third of the crews of the vcfieh which remain here during the fummer ; and fiiips have even frequency loft all their men in two months. On this account, while the heats are excelUve, the principal inhabitants re- tire to the neighbouring villages, among the mountains, wdiere there is excellent water and ilelicious fruits. It is 70 miLs \V. of Aleppo. Lon. 36. 23. E. lat. 36. 3--N. Ai.F.x.vN'DRiA, a confidcrablc town of ma.lura, in Portugd- "" the fesfide. Ljn. Itatv, in the duchy of Milan, with a hi- 9. po. W. lat. 39. 30. N. kiop'b fee, and a ilrong caftle. It was Ax.FtLU, a town of Germany, in t?.-: I A L G btffcoi-ric of trKlclliiim, i; miln S. '^. VV. i'•• !•»• 5.. ^li. N. Ai i''rr>r V \, :'n nnciont t"\vn rf tnc Hn^.,iloiii (.t Nuplo. .ui>l ill Al)ru//> Cinriorc. Lmii. 14. !c. !•-. Lit. 41. 4,i. N. Ar roRH, n town in I.'incAtnflirc, wiili Rin.ir!stt '11; Tiulilav. I' ibtrntciloiia fiu.iU fciook t!i -t runn tlirwuijli tin tuwn, iiml it fix niilcslo'iiitlie It.*, ami ir N. of Ho'.'ton. 1 on. o. I?, I", lit. ;}. 1''. N- Ai FUI roN, a town in I)i.rliy(hirt, xviili I nriikit on ^f')l)^llv. Ic is pli.i- ftntlv ('(.atnl 'in a Innlt hill, i.^niil. •■ N. of Dtrliy, anil 141 N. N. U'. of I.omlon, Lon. I. 1:. VV. lilt. ^j. S.N. Ai.<;ac;ioi A, ;i Imall t'l'rtilK'il ('c;iport tn«n in Corlica. It "as :ilni'ilt ik'.trnytil by tlic ni.ilcfontciif. ill I'l', ^mt Iw'' I'ttii Tcftortrf. l.on. S. ;;. f'-.l.tt. 4:. u>. N. AniAHVA, aprn\incc n.itliin:; of crnQ. iiiu lite w iihiiut lilt council of the [aiiiir.ii u . 'I'lie Arabs, who liv« in lenii, .ire a diltiiii • P'oplc, gnvtrntd bv thtirown lawi anj m.ii'illratta, thniij U the Turks inttrool'e nt, olitn as till y pit.oc. The dty of Ali;itii is an alilolnte momrcli, but t lusted by tl •. Turkilh lol,htr«, liud fitijutntlv deivil'i ', and put 1 1 lUath by tiitin. They liav murdired four of ihtir deys, and ilipoi>| two, within the f(. act if 13 \tari. Tl.: rtvinuts of the govtrniiitnt aril'e from il ; liiliute paid by the Moors and Ar.ibs, i det.Khnii.nt of the army btin^; lent int . each pr.'vince tvtrv veir to cillti't it j an.! the pil/.t., tllty take at I'ti lonietinii-i tilu u the LUes tlii'V lay up'li the iMtivts. Tl,,; (Icy has CeVeral flmuland Moors in his lirvici , both hurfe and foot ; and the di v , or viterovs of ilie proNimcs, have eath an ami) under In . command. Their re!ij;iiiii IS M.diometnnilin, and tluir languai;e a dialt'i'l of the Arabic. Thry have hkt»vire a j.ni^on, eompoCtd of li.ili.in, French, and Sp.Miilh, t.illed Liiij.iu.i l''rania, tli.t is undtrrtocid bv the tomnion people an i niercliants. The tompkxion of the na- tives is tawny, and they .ire ftrong and well ni.ide. Ai.ciKRs.a l,irfc;c and ftrong town nf Africa, in Harbary, the capital of the country of Algiers. It is bi;,lv on the de- tlivity of a mountain, and u in the form of an amphitheatre ne\t the harbour ; in- loiiiuch, that the houfi:" appearing onr. abiivi another, make a very line appe.ir- ance from the lea. TIil tops of the lion 1 1; are all Hit, fur w hich realbn they w.tlk upon them m the evening to take the air; I'.tfidts, they arc covered with earth, ami ferve for a fort of garitens. The ftrti.'- are narrow, and ftrve to keep uff the t\ treme heat of the luii. The mole of tlii. h.irbour i.> joo paces in kii'ith, extendin,, from the continent to a Imall ifland, when there is a calllt .ind ,1 large Wattery of guns The number of inhabitants is laid to con fifl of ;oo,ooo Mahomet.ins, 11;, 000 Jew ., mid 400C! Chriltian flaves. Their chief fublilKnce is derived from their piracie , for they make pr17.es of all Chriftian fliip that are not at peace with them. The Country about Algiers is adorned witii gardens and fine \illaf, watered bv fonii- taiii'; and ri\alets; and thither the inhabi- tants relbrt in the hot feafons. Algiti : has, for ajr<'', braved the rerentmcnt ol the mcrt powerful ftatts in Chrifttndoni. The emperor Charles V. loft a line tkii and armv, in an unl\K•cef^ful expeditii n againff it, in 11541. The Englilh burn: their velluls in the harbour in 1635, and in 1670. It was bombarded by the French in ■^ A LG " "• nvevcr, can d.> notliin:; of cf>nfc. i\ iiliiuit ihi' council nt the (.(iiiirarii . ,\U^, wild liv« in lt'mi,.iri' a ilil'tiri. " gnvcriKii by tlicirciwn l.iws an! uca, tliniij U iIk Turl.s iiitiriiul'i u, tluy pli.ilc. Tlic lity of Ali;iiii lolntc inonircli, htit ili>Uil by tl • t llitr«, iiiut t'lcijiKnilv iliixili ', 1 1 iliath liy tlitm. Tlicy Iwiv ^^ four uf tlicir tlcys, ami ilt|Hi ul itlun the f|.:ir(: of 13 \tarii. 'I'l.: s iif tlw i;nvtniiiunt aiil'i; tVurn il ; paid by ihc Moors uiul Ar.ibb, '. Knt nf tli<' army hLiiij^ lct\t iiu ■ i'Vincc tvtrv vc ir to cllti't it j an.! :t.i tiay takt at li.a l'i>iiii.tinic:> ciiu tlii'V lay mv'li tlii; ii,«tivf.. Tin: s (tvuval fliniiliiMil Moon in lll^ both h"rfc ami fiint ; ;ukI the ih \ , •OV3 1)1" ihc proNiiu'ts, liavc t'.iih an iijtr ill. coiiiniaiul. Their ri.li;;iHU iiiiictsiiilin, -.ind thfir lanf;iiai',c a lit t lie Arabi:. '1 hiy l\,ivc likt»vire 'II, joo pacei in kiii'.rli, extendiii;, le continent to a hnuil ifland, when i u CHllie .'.nd ,1 large battery of j;im'. Jinber of iiihabitanti is laid vo con 100,000 Mahomet, Ills, 11;, 000 Jeu , 100 Chriftian flaves. Their eliiet' nee is deriveil from their piracic , y mal<.c prizes of all Chriflian lliip e not at peace with them. The r about Algiers is adorned witli i and fine \illaf, watered bv foini- id riuilets; and thither the inhabi- elbrt- in the hot fealbns. Algier: r aj:is, braved the relentmcnt oi ift powerful ftates in Chriflcndoni. fiiperor Charles V. loft a line tietl niv, in an unfuecef^ful txpeditii n ir, in ii;4i. The Englilh burnt eliels in the hsrboiir in 1635, and 0. It was bwnibardcd by the French in ley f.irnninded bv rrat;- niici. S. \V. of Uranad.i. A L L in I'M. In 17751 the ^Sptni.ird'i tnad- a ddcefit ntar tho ci'/ « i'h » vnry fortiuJ- nMc sriny, but were defeated ^vith ^,TcAt (liu^htir. In I "(4. •l>ty '"'f " p'lW.T. fill lUtf to atta'k the fortu thjf de'VnJ the hurbour ; but t^fv were r-pcllw'd by the Aljjcrincs, ulth-UKh thcv ii.aue eight fiK.'ciriVtf .-attack', .^i'li yrtAt t;>irit a" J bravery. In 1-67, tlvr Al>jc,rincj took thc'luid of the o'hcr piiaiicjl ftjtci li 11;irl:.irv. in teruriM^ to piy K'ly lonj^er ih.ir iiliial ftibiif t ) the P Tte. A!;,lcri il fitin'ed f>| pjiirc Minorca, 7S0 mil. « W. of Tunh, Lon. s. iS. V.. lat. jO. 49. N. Ai.(;i)NQ_t'iNK, :iM Indian tribe cf N. Ainciic.i, in C.'iiuli, who luc u waiultr. inj; life, near the I. .ike Ontario; their laii- ii'iii^'t is the mod elUcnied of any in Nurih America. Alhama, a handiomc nnd large town cf Granada, in Spain. A little lielow it arc hot b.iths, accounted the belt in Spiin It is iVated in .1 valley fr fy Timintains, 1 ; m Lon. ?. 14. W. lar. ^6. s''. N. At. fCAVT, .1 fniall, but rich and ftrong town of Valciicis, in Spiin, rmvirkable for its harbour, which is lUTi'iidtd by llr.nj; iMllions; for its exctlleiit wine, and the fertility of irs foil, v.l-.ich proihuos excel- lent fruiti, and plenty of rofem.iry of an (xtMordinary ff/e. It lias a prtnt tradj, and the F.ni;'lifh, Dutch, French, and Ita- I'aiu, have ccnfuls here. The c.fiie, on a high roek, was reckoned itiipre;;nablc ; ■h.wever, it was taken by the Kn:^lifh in no6. It was lihcv.-iic tr.kcnbv the Krcnch a'ld Spani.irds, after a fiei^e of alrnoH two vcari ; and then part of the rock on n hich I'lc caftlc rtood was blown up. It is feared en the Mediterranean, on a bay of the fame name, i; miles S. of Valencia. Lon. c. 0. lat. 38. 16. N. Amgata, a town of Sicily, rcm.irk- uble for corn and ^jood wine. It is (eared in a fort of pcninfulanear the fe:i, ii miles S. E. of Gerganti. Lon. 13. 48. K. lat. 3;. II. N. ' AllahaJJ.^D, a city of Oude, in Hindooftan Proper, fcSted at the point of the confluence of tiie two great river:, the Ganges and Jumna. It wau f;ji;nJc>l by the iiiperor Acbar, w!:o intended it as a place of arms. It belongs to the Tsabob of Oudc ; but its fortilicationj will hnrdly re- fill the batterinj^ of a field-piece. It is 470 miles N. W. of Calcutta. Lon. Si. c. E. lat. i;. 4;. N. ' Ai.(.Er.ANY, or Ari'At.AriiiAW Mountains, the gcncrnl ni;nc of a lonj^ range of mountains in N. America, hr- twcea the AUaiuic, the MiiSfllppi, mi A I. I. the Lakci. Thty cxfcid north-enft^'rff ml routh'\vi'>i,rly, ni;trly par lUl "iih ih«' fe^co.ift, ab.tut (j^i mill* in lenj^'h, n"d frctn fto to i-r '\n Urcidth. The slif- fennt riJf,'4 1 which e<'ntpo(ij this imminfc nn/e havi dilTtrenr name in the Uilfercni: (>.«'c;». Ad'.jniiii)^ from tlie AtUntir, ths (irrt ridtic ih rtnnlyU'aiii.t,' Vi:"j;inia, and N. C.ir.il'ni, is tlid Blue Kid^e, or li )'uh Moiint.Ain, from 13J 10 100 inilri from tin; fti, 111.1 ali'jut 4oo'i f..et hi;;!; fr m it* b iff. Herwcen tids iiid the Nor'h Mouu- l.iin, fpicaiU a'lir;.^e fcttitc sale. t-Ji xt lies the A'it:^^ar:\, whidi is the piinripal iii!;.'e, itnd lu. L. en ileferiptivily tailed this t;ic(-.'ic:ir of the United .S?it'.!. Ikvoiid tills i> tile lon); rid;;e callcil the Laiiret MmiMt.iius J in a fpur of « Inch, in lat. ^'i" is a Ipriiij; of water, i;c feet deep, verv c. ! I, and as bltiv as indigo. From thelo fi serai ridges pmcctd iniiimerable ikmiic- lefi branches or 1'|.urs. The Kittitinny, or Hliic Moiiiii^ins, run throunh the luulhern parts of New Jerfey and Penn- fyhania. The general name for thtfe inniiuains IVcins n.t yet to h)vc been de- termined. Mr. Evans, an Aturi'Mn yxo- grapher, calls them the J'^ndLlV iVToun* fniiu : others have c.dled f'nein 1)10 .It'pafa- ci'/an, from a triiie of lii:!i m?, who live on a river prnceedin;; from this iid).',e, called the Appnl.ichiki.!a. ilut the moft common, and, no dciubt, tlie moll proper name, U the Alli'i;iny Mountains. f(j called from tlie prir,ci[-.Tl riu-;e. Tl'ifc rr.ountaiiw nre not coiifiifLiliy fcattered and broken, rilini; here and there into high peaks over- toppln;; ea.'h otl;cr, but I^reich M.ng ill iioiforin vidiji.s, fcareily half a mile hign. 'f'hcv fpiead as we jirocecd I'liith, and l',me of them ter-ninate in hie,h perpiMt- dicuhr bluff's. Others gradually fubfide into a level country, ;Mvin;i' rife to the ri- vers which run foiiiherly into the gulf of Mexico. In the jack parts of Pennfyl- vania, fcarcfly one acre In ten in this ranfc is capaUlo of culture : hut this is nor thu cafe in all parts ; for numerous trai'.^s of fine! atable and pallure land iiuerveiie be- tivetn the ridjrts, ha"'iiig gen':r;dly a ridi black foil. Indeed, feme of the mountain* will idmi: of cultivation almoU to their tops. "' Ai, lf.gany, a river of North Ame- rica, which rifes in the Allejjany Moun- tains, near the fourr: of the Tyoga, in laf. /ii\ A\-. Fort Vciiany;o, at the month of French Cretk. it is 2' a famous linivcrfitv, a librarv, fMvt a jihyfic u.irdi.n. It is fubjcit to the hou'c of Jirindi nhiirt;, and lies 10 milts S. K. of NurLmburg. Lon. n. 21. K. 1 tt. 49. 10. N. Altorf, a town of Germany, '\\t tht- circle of Suabia, ;o miles N. 15. o: Con- ftance, and fiibjeft to the Iv.uifc of Aidhia. Lon. 9. 30. E, lit. 4-. to. N. Al.TORF, a town o' Swi^erlind, capi- tal of tl\e c intnn of Uri, on the luke of Luccrn, near the (pot where i' receives the river Rcufs. 20 miles S. E. of l^ucern. Lon. S, ti. 11. lat. 46. 5;. N. Ai.TKiNT.HAM, a tiivvn in Clicfi.irc, with a market on Tuef'dny. It is 10 milts E. of V/arrington, a;u! 1^.0 N. W, of London. Lon. i. 31. W. Lit. ^5. ::;. N. Al.VA-DE-XORMES, a conlkUrable town of Spain, in I. con. wi::'. a firoi'gcaf- tlc, feated on the river Tormes, 11 miles 5. E. of Salamanca. Lon. 5. 4. '\'-'. lat. 41. o. N. Ai.w.ATiiy, a village of Gloucclter- fhire. On the top of a hill, near the Se- vern, is a large rcind camp, e..!led Oldbu- rv, where feveral antiquities h.^vt: been ^uj, up. It is eight miles from liriftol. Al.ZiRA, a town of Spain, in \'a!en- cia, on the river Xiicar, 17 miles S. of t.'ie town of Valencia. Lon. o. 10. E. lar. ^(;. 6. N. AmaFi.'VN, or li \-;.*OAS', a handfcmo town of Perlin, 200 uiflss N\ L. of Bai^iiad, Lon. 47. 4. r«. lat. •;■;. i'. iN'. A.M..\r)r,\, h tradin;^ tov\n of Atls, in Curdiftan, bclongin'.^ to the Turks; featcd on a high mountain, 40 miles S. E. of Ge/ira. Lon. 41. c. E. IrA'. 3O. ;. N. * y\.MAK, an ifland of Denmark, on which that part of Copenli;!;;en, cdllfd Chriftian-Shafcn, is built. Th.ii illand is about four miles long ami two broad, and is. clnefly peopled by the dcfcendants of 9 colony from E. Fncfland, to whom the ifland was configntd by Chriftian II. at the rcqucft of his queen, for the purpole of fupplying h.cr with vegetables, checfe, .-irn! b'.:ttcr. From ilie in'.-rm:irri;itrt c.{ thi-fe folonills with the D.inis, tin; iiri'tnt rtiha'iitaiits a/e fhiclly dtlcnidtd ;'lnif n they wear their own drel's, .ind etijov ic- cuhar privileges, tliey appear a dilini^'t rare. The iiland roiitnins llx vilLiires. in.d between three ioid four thour^nd i'.nl,. It has two churches, in whirii tl;e nnnil- tcrs preach occalionaily in Dutch and Da. nidi. The inhabitants havi tl,eir a-.n in'erior tribuniils, bur, for capital oftlii- CCS, are anici'.able to t'lc court of i;i(»i(: at Coper. hai>;en. The old national Inbir, br"uj>ht by tiie origin:'.! eoloniCts wlitn ili.v tirft migr;:te(i to the iiland, is ftill in ii;'i; among tliLin. It rcl'embles tl-.c habit of the ancient quiikers, as rtprefented in tli; pift\trcs of the Dutch pointers. Tl'c irifi wear broad-bri'.nnied hat?, black jirkas, fidl-gla;.ed breeches of the lame c lour, l"ofe at the knee, and tied round tie u;.if7. The wonun are chietly drelTed ni bhick jnckcrs and red petticoats, with a piece of blue glazed cloth bound on tlieir hi'aiis, The iflarul i; laid out in gardens and pal- tures ; and -Itiil, according to the origins! delign, lupplies Copenhagen with ir.iik, butter, and vegetriblcs. Am.\[,, a to« n of Svved tar. l..'>n. 12. 40. E. Lu ^9. o. N. Ama/. FT, an ancient town of Ii.ilv, in the kingdom wf Naples, and an arcii',>i- (htjp's fee. I'lavio Gioia, who is ikiii t" liAVe invLuted the mariner's compals, -.vmu: tile beginninti: of the 141I1 century, \>.b» mitivc ot this town, it is feated in .-. chrirmina; conp.iry, on the wijftern co;i!i r\ the g'.ilf of iialerno, 13 n.iles S. V/. otSj- lerno. Lon. 14. 45 E. lat. 4c. 2.S. N. A-M.'-.vr, St. a town of France, in rl.c d(-pariii,cr,t of Cher and late territorv cr Bonrb'/iiiiuis. It h ieatcd oa the rivir j Ch.ffr, 10 i::ilei S. of Bourges. Lm. j. .50. K. lat. 46. 4;. N. Am.wd, Sj". a town of France, i.n tht department of the North and ii] tl.L laic Frerc.h I'lan.l'-fi. Tt had lately a Miivri:- cd abb^y. X'.beathe coirbined ferce^c' Pniina and Auftria invaded Franco ml 1792, it was f.i'-.cii iiy them, hut evaersieJJ afterward on their mtmorabli; retreat, itj is i'eateil on t!it river Scarpe, ftvcn ir.ilcL N, of Va'onciennes. Lon. 3. 35. E. kl SO. :7-N. A->.iAsri'.\, a (caport of Na])lc5, ne the bay of Eufemia, 20 miles S. W. Cofenza. Lon. 16. 10. E. lat. i?| 12. N. Amap ALLA, a feapor: ct N. An.cr.al A M A rroni ihc in^"rm?.rr^lltc•^ cf , with tlie D.uus, the iirt'tnt •e chuflv dtlcndtil : hin i< ;ir own di-efs, and ciij'iv pc- i:fs, thoy appcp.r a dilirv't ll.inii roiitnins iix \ illap:s, ;ii,d L'c i'liil four tlioulsrid i'liih. iin-chcs. in which the mini'.- iA-.iliiiiinUv in Dutch anil Da- inh;fhitaiits havt. their nv.rt mi:'.)'-, but, for capital oftVn- ;iv.\blc to the court of j'ofti(c en. Tlic oUl lUtionrJ hibit, l.if original oloniCti. wlaii ili.v ;'; to the iflaml, h ftll! in uV>; 1. ]t rckmhlcs the habit ;>f u.i.kcr";, as rcprcfcutcil in tl'c he Dutch p-iitucrs. The infi .briinnicd hat', black jicka;., brcL-chcs of the ianic clour, kntcnnd tiid round the u-.ift. n are clii<;tly drclTcd ni bl.ick red petticoats, with a piece of cloth bound on tl-.eir hi-ails. is laid out in eavdtn^ and pal- ■fnil, according; to the origi.nsi iplics Copenliagcn with miik, vttetablcs. A tov\ n of Sweden, in the pro- .thland, with a ^o("-i nnrlvmrr- \'enncr, 17' w''^"' ^- ^'^'■. '• tarries on a ereat trade in tin;- and tar. l-on. iz. ^o. E. U !, an ancient town of I;,i!v. " cm wt Naries and an arch'."- I'b.vio Gioiu, who is laid f^ ,ted the manr.er'stcoiv.pafb, ;ii.«v.;: iln;' of ihc i4tl> century, V;b» ihis Kjwn. it is fcated m ,i cour.-ry, ot\ the ugftern^coalt •■• f Salenro, 13 "'i'es S. \V. of Si- on. 14. 45 E.iat.40. 2>;.^• V, St. :i town of 1' ranee, m r..; iit'of Ciicr and late terruory ;; „j1.. It is ieatcd on the nvir r.fiiti S. of Bourgeb. Ivjii. ^ c. 46. 4^. N. . ID, S.'. a town of France, mtht ..It of tlie North and in tlx Uc ■bnl'T'i. It had lately a ..liti-rii- When. the coir bincd forces'.! jnd Auftria invaded VnMi in was taken \)V them, liut tvacrairi d on their u'ltmorabltf retreat. It on the river Scarpe, ftvcn rr.M: 'a'oncienuei. Lon. 3. 35. i'-'*- N. STi-:\, a feaport of Naples, wir of Eufemia, 10 miks S. ^^■'' . Lon. 16. 10. E. lat. i?-! r ALLA, a feipor: ct N. An.cvia A I^I B ^ * in Gnntimala, fj-.tc-.l on a gulf of the fame ii.mie, no niilos S. K. of the tovvn lA' tiaarimala. Lon. 86.' 40. W . lat. i;. A.M.vsiA, an ancient town of 1 iirkcy,_ 'n Naiolia, riniarkabii: for the birth of iitr.ilii), the geogiapher. It is the refidence yf 1 ualhaw, ;,nd jjive-i iti name to u pro- vince, where thcrj arc the b^ll w iiies anil fruits ill N'atolia. It is- feared near the riiLr Cafaimaek, 36 miles N. of Tocat. Lon. 36. o. li, lat. 40. 3'. N. A.M-A/JN, or OpvCI.la.va, a river of South AniLricj, which lias its fource in I'cru, nor far from the South Se;?, and nm- imii: K. fulls, i-.ito the ocean direttly under the a]um(:.Sfial line. Its courfe is at leall po3 i.iiles, and ir is the t:,reatelt river in thcwoild. Its mouth is 150 miles broad, ft receives, in its proi^refi:, near :oo other rivers, manv of which have a courit* of ^ or 6jo lea<^ues, Ibirie of them nor inferior to tiiC Danube or tlic Nile; and, 1500 miles fri.ia its mouth, it is ^o or 40 fa- thians deep. In the rainy ieafon it over- tlmvi its banks, and fertilizes the U'.ljacent co'iintry. We have an accurate map of it bv M. Condamine, who v. tin into thole p.irti tn niealiire a degree of tlic ineiiiiian. ■ Am A/.i)N'i A, a country m S. Ame- ric:i, hounded eti the N. by Terra Firnia and Guii.na ; on ih.e E. bv the Atlantic f)cean and Ikafil ; on the S. by Paragua ; .;iul on tin; \V. by i'eru. It is i ;oo miles ■ing, anu 960 broad. It uas dil'eovered, la ijSc, by rrancifco OrelUna, who, com- ing from I'eru, failed dinvn the river Aina/.on to the ocean. Obferving com- panies of women in arms on its banks, he cilkd the country Ama/.onia, or the Land of tlie Aina/^ons, and gave the name of A ma - /on to the r'vcr, which had former'y been cjilcJ Maraj.',on. Hut this was proi^ably atidion.for AT. Condaniine could jierceive no fiich women. The foil is very rich and fertile : the trees, fields, and plants, ;ue verdant all the year round. Tlie nvtrs and lakes are infedcd by croco- dile;, alligators, and water- ierpeius. Their banks arc inhabited by different trihcs of Indians, governed by petty fove- rci^'ns, dillinguilhed fiom their iubjefts by coronets of heautiiul feiuhers. The Spsiiards have made many attempts to fettle this country ; bur difllculties and "luaiters h've hitherto rendered their de- figiis abortive. On that part of the coaft bwtivcen Cipe North and the moutli of the Ama/.on, iheFortuguefe, indeed, have inie fettleracnts. Amukko, a town of Gerinanv, capital of ti'.e Upper Palatinate of Bavarii. It has i firon^j cajUe, and is fcated on the river A M B 7i..«?j!Bf-Si^|7 11 miks E. of Ilibirc, ami joo S by E. < f Paris. Lon. 3.50. R. lat. 4:. 1 ;. N. AmiILksidk, a t')\Mi of \Vclimorlind, ivith a iirirktr on \V.:Jnefd.i7, fcated on Wmand.i jNIcre. . j luilcs N. W. by N. of Kend.l, and 271 N. N. \V, of London. Lon. ^ 6. W. iat. 54. .-S. N. AMGi.LTiiLSK, a feaport of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais and late province of Picardv. It is ei^JiC miks N. cf BouJ.igne. Lon. i. 4i,~'li. lat. ;o. 49. N. ?• AMiiorsE, a town nf Frincc, in the department of Iiidrc and Ltire and late province of Tourniue, feaied at the con- duence of the Loire and ;ylafl'ee. The ftaircale of the cafile, being witiicut ftcps, may Ix: afcendcd to th.; very top. litre Lewit, XL inltituted the order of St. Mi- chael; and here, in the year 15'j?, was iorined the famous confpiracv agaiiill llie Guiles, know.i by the name of Ainhejfe, It is 12 'idles E, of Tours, and i li ^Tby - by W. of Palis. Lou. o. s-i- E. Li. jt. 2?. N. _ A:.\r.oys.\, an idjnd of Afia,' in the Eall Indies, wi.h a garrifon to'.vn of the faine ivme. It is the chief of the Miluc- cas, and remarkable for the i]uantitv yf c! )ves and nutmegs it prodaces. I'he Engliih anvl Dutch' had fadlori-^s here atthe beginning of the 17th centuiy ; but the Dutch expelled the Engliih bv force, anj tortured and put t.) death many (>f them. Since ihis they have polTelTed' ti.c entire dominion of the Spice Iflands, and ex- cludtd tl'.e rtlf of the world from tr.iJinjj there. The natives wear l;^rge whiikers, anil their drcfs is only a flight piece of fluff wrapped round their m'iddie. The men buy tiicir wives of their parents, and if they prove barren, the marriage is void. They are generally Mahometans; but there are fome Roman Catliolics among them. Tile women arc extremely fond of the Europeans, and when they are for- liiken by their gallants, give thcni a d„.'e of poifon. Lon. 127.0. E. lat. 4. o. S. Ambhym, one o'"the New Hebrides, \n 'the South Pacific Ocean. Lon. 16S. 11. ;.. iat. <6. 10. N. Amby, a town of the Ncth-trMtvi-, in Limburg, on the E. fide of tiie ^'feule, C J opponte AM E A M E oppofite Macftrichr. Loii. 5. 43. E. lat. 56. 5*. N. * Amkdabad, a confideraWe rity, the capital of Guzcrat, in Hitidnnilan Pro- per. It i= one of the bcft fortiiicd pliCcB 111 Indii, ..nd made a goi.d ilffcncc when taken by general Goddard, in 17 So, from the Poonah Mahratra,-., to whom it was reftored in 1783. Travellers have dwelt much on the beauty and convenient fitua- tion of this city, which is in a level coun- try, on the banks of a fniall mvif ahlc ri- \'er that fall- into the in\\( of Cambay. It is 311 milts N. of liombay. Lun. 72. 37. E. litt. 11. c;8. N. * Amedkagvk, a tiry of Ilindoolhn, in the Deccan ; once the cnpital of the foubah of the fame name, which is now better known by that of Dowhtabad. This city was the refidence of the emperor Auningzebe, during his conqucit of the Peccanandthe Carnatic. It is 181 milts, by Poonah, from Bombay. Lon. 75. o. £. lat. 19. 10. N. Amklia, nn ancient town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, wUh ;i bifliop's fee ; feated on a mountain, between the Tiber «nd Nira, in a fertile country, 20 miles S. W. of Spolcto, and 45 N. of Rome. Lon. 12. 30. E. lat. 42. 33. N. AMERICA, one of the four pirts of the ivorlil, and by much the largeft. It is bounded on all fides by the ocean, as ippcars from the latcft difcnveries ; it be- ing formerly fuppofed to join to the north- esft part of Afia. It took its name frr.m Americas Veljnicius, a Florentine, who hnvin^ accompanied Ojcda, an tnrerprifing Spanilh adventurer, to America, and drawn up an amufing hiftory of his voy- age, publifhcd it, and it was read with admiration. In his narrative, he had in- finuated, that the glory of having firlV dif- covered the continent of the new world belonged to him. This was in part he- lievi!*! ; the country began to be cjlhd after the name of its (iippnfcd firft riillo- . Terer ; and the unaccountable capriceof n.aii- * kindhas perpetuated the error. But Ame- rica was firft difcoverf d by Chriftophcr Co- Ivimbus, a Genoefe, in 1401. Some c:\ll ^itheNew AVorld, and with great pri>- ^iety ; for not only the men, but the birds ^nd beafls differ in fomc refpefls frcm thole knowlioeforc. Jt has like wife a great number of trees, flirubs, and plants, that grew no where clfc, before tluy were tranlplantcd to other pUccs. All the men, except the Efkimaux, near Green- land, ieem to haVe the fame originul ; for they agree in every p^irticiilaf, from the ftcaits of Magellan, in the S. to HudCon's Bay,iiitheN. TUcir Ikins, uiilcfs ,t ail thofe parts where it is found 111 she grearc'rt plenty. This vaft coiuineiit is divided into N; and S. America, whuii are joined by the Ifthmus of Darien. It has the lofiieft mountains in tlic winU, luch as thiile that form tilt inimcnie .iiaiu called the Andes; and the moll iiuiKii- dous river, Uich as the river Aitp.i/. m, (" the migh:y Ordlana") tlic " fca-likc Plata", the Ornnoko, 'he Milhliippi, the Illinois, the Mifuires, the Ohio, lue St. Lawrence, the H.>dl'on, the Deliw^re, the Sufquehannah, the Potoin.ic, t,cc. lidiii: the Aborigines, uho inh.ibit the innri r part", and the United States of Aiiurii..;, who polfels fome of the IiiilII proviiuti, that formerly belonged to Great JSritam, the different European powtr^ havj mil and flsurilhing colonies here. The Aiic- rican States are fifteen in number, cjih having a feparatc local governmcnr ; b:it they are formed into one fedtfal re'ni 1- lic. Thefe .ftates long ttourilhed as pro. vinccs of Great lirttain ; bur parliaiiitii! attempting to tax them by its fol* autli i;- I ty, without the intervention u^' their allin;- blici, a civil war enfued ; a congrtls vis 1 formed, which, in-1776, dil'claimtd al'iic- pcndencc on the mother coumry; tlic I French king entered into an alliance with them in 177S ; the colonies, powerfully r.l- fiftcd by 1" ranee, were iuccefsful ; and •dsreat Britain, in 1782, acknOwiei'i.Td I "llieir independence in prelimiuary artiJ.sj , of' peace, linally ratified bv the defiiii'ivc [ treaty in i.'Sj. The AmtricailS have fmce formed a new federd cohftitut: ^, | which fcems to be adinit.iWy'ciilc'ji):'!^' for the country ; and the uaJcn h UO'w ^ - verncd by a coiigrels^confiliir.^', of a pr:;- dent, Yice-|)refi(ient, f^nate,a!nl liouftoi i^- 1 prelentativcs. Thercpirei'entatjvcsareelrtt- A M E or oil, arc of a red copper en- lie V liavi; no beards or inir or .art of their bodies, txaipt tiie re it is black, ftraiglii, a'.d anv art the ccnjccturcs al)cjiit ij{; (iFthi'i vail cimtiiKnt, and al- ioii!! as their authors. America , that it takes in not only .I'l , but alfo the Teniptraic and c Frigid Zoncf. It i;> hard to nany different lanjjiiagcs there inerica, a vait number titing the different people in differut il as to religion, there is no tiilerahit acre uut ot it in i;<.- jgh Ibme of the niotl civiliini of icjines •ceni to have \v{)rihii>)v.d The principal motive of the in fen ing fo many clonifs the third of gold ; and mdji^ the Portuguclc are polii lUu .,t parts where it is found in the plrnty. This vaft continent is lun N; and S. Amenca, whuh . by the Ifthmus of Darien. It loflieft mountains in the wmid, lofe that form the immcnie .iiaia J Andes; and the molf iiupui- cr, Uich as the river Ain-.i/.m, liglny Orellana") tUc " fca-hkc he Ornnoko, 'he MilliHippi, the the Mifuires, the Ohio, tiie St, e, the H.'dfon, the Delaware, the annah, the Potoin.ic, .'^ic. iSdulc irigines, who inhabit the intcrir id the United State, of Anurit,:, fefs fome of the hneft province, mcrly belonged to Great iJntain, ;rcnt European powers' have rich riftiing colonies here. The Ai:ic- :ates are fifteen in number, cjch a fcparate local government; but ; formed into one federal repwi- hefe .dates long tlourilhed as pro- )f Great Britain; but parliamtiit ing to tax them by its IbU aatliui:- loitt the intjjrvention of their alUr;- civil war cnfued ; a congrels \n% which, in-i7:6, difclaimcd all I'.c: ce on the mother coumry ; the king entered into an allianye with 1 177S ; the colonies, powcrful!;;!- jy I" ranee, were luccelslul ; :'m1 Britain, in 17S1, acknowie.l.^d idepcndence in preliminary aii:..c« :e, hnally ratifitd bv the defiiiiMvc in r.Sj. The Americans have ormcti a new feder d ctjnftitut; "1 fcems to be admirably cilcjtl;>til country ; and the \\t\iim n UO'w ^;- by a congrtfs^confirtir.g of a p'.''" ice-preficient,f?;nafe,andhoulemic- ativcs. Thercprereiuaiivesarcelf"- * cJ Kfii/ft/t I v/ //'■/• /if'i\ ■/'/.'*• /'*/ ■ I ■//* 4 :ttnd l.iiViif^^ii* "IKS ''•s.r'v.'i ...4 ^^. jk-^r. sv» ,'> .■iiijj 1/0 1 ,«H»/.>rr"O^P''H:k^#il^;*' 111 Mai-v^""^^ „ , / * \ \ \ykh-rlrttb«n A" ,I«ivv •J.i*: ► f ■ ^"- ■ L , >► ,,.■••■-; .:-\Wi »^ « e.l every feco .^ *■ -4. tor fix years prcfulwii for Wallijngton 1. - ,» whole war, ind re-elft . liatcs arc, > 1 pr.ivinco oi Idand.VcriT * 1' ♦ Eni^land ; ? ' ^ fylva'iia, D It North and V « Hid all the ( extending the L.ikes . i ; i 1 • on the W. divided int( W'aihingt II MiLhiganiu toga, Sylvi mu. Tlic miles in le N. VV. ant atcd bctwc i « / countries ( ■ 1 on this ci> fi Britain, U ■ 1 ^' Scotia, an • 1 America, J 'M , rida, Lnuif and Old I ■ :, N m^% «' Alt rica, t tile el Or \ . 1 Li Plata. p ■^■ C 1 •■ » j^ueie have ,111(1 the D See I N D !" ' f f AmeriC, >} AMF. RS ■■•■ the Nsth Utrecht ; ! « i ■"'» river Ems ^ ■ '> f ' t « 5.2Z.E. 1 4 ♦ '* Amkks t^* rt#.- . |S town of E Tlic town 1 •! ^ --- /I-*-- #^^ ^ building. Amerfhar 1 1 .■ » i^, ^ ^ mcnt, ch( borou||h, ;' 1 ^^#r ■ *' in nuinbc ingham, a 0. 35. W : " .-* * Amtd, jj » f « 4: miles fro Lon. 36. Amie cient tow Sommc a is the ep 1 The na\ ^ ' " finiftied | ■i' , ■ /■» '. '^« ^^ V ftrufturt . . > .r-i^^-^-^!^ flHi^rt ^^^^^_ : ^. . _ , „,. .. -q;-«s^.-*«i-t" ■"*^-f .,,. 5^,-1- iBvtA.rj .,1. --tiir'-»r*»— ^^ r ^^^^^H ^^^^^^^^^^H * ^ ,.L. . -. ..: - A M I AMP eJcveryfecond year; the fenitors arc clioftn lo pan(h churches one in the fuhurbi, for fix years, and the prefutcnt and vice- and ;iii acH.icmy ot bclici Icttrcs. Three prefulav for four. The ilhiUnous George branches ot the river Sominc enter tlu. WafhjnKton, their general, throui'hout the city. It was taken by the Spaniards m, whole war, was ele«cd the lirll prelulenf, i S97. by the folbwini; Itratatcen. : i„Mars, and re-elc6tcd in 1791. The hftetn d.li^uifed hke peaf.mt., cotuU.ftcd a tart Hates are, New Hamplhire (including the loa.led with walnuts, and lu a bAg of nr.wincc of Main) Mair«liufet>., Ulu.de them fall jull a. tiic pate was opened ; and inand.Vcrmont, and Conncfticut, in New while the |>oiar- lui; n whtrc tir '•lit ciCtit ilood. It h ('ix •niiles S. "of liitliorH, .ind /• •, N. W. . N. Awui.RMii'r, V, a town in Wiltllnrc, with a market on FriJay, fix nultu N. "f Jjalulnrv, anil 7* W. of London. Lon. I. 40. \^. hit ;i. 11'. N. AMSTKRrAM, a iiirpc, rich, pnpuloiii., trail. ni;, liandlnmt city, capit.il of tin: L'lii- t'-'d Prw\inu^. The walls are hi^h, iind wcll-fnni(ied ; and the bridj^c v.l.irh joins th" r:imp:\vt i-, Imdtovcr ilit rivir Ami) I, an.l Ii ' nc f.fiht (iiioll pieces of arcluax- tiin- in tht-fV I'art^'. Yew eities havu thiir jnioHc buildin};s la (ir.t, nuriitious, and wcll-ktpt. U'ltK .\r: rni'.ny Imndfoiiic chiirihis, and ho.'pita!'- for ptrlons ft all •i:ci!, rtJi;'ions^ ;ind countrii.;. Oner.i'.at ciiulc of il'ic populnifntrs ot Amfttulain i^ thiif toi('i;icini; nil n lij;ions, \\hi)h.i\e ihr uIl' of cl'uiclics and b;- tho'.Kfh the tltabliilicd rtlniinn is the Calvinifin. The exchaiii;!; is one of the principal orn imtnrs li,f the cliy, ami the Iwrbou:- is one of the inri'cA and hntlt in Europi', where a vafl number of iTurthjnr ihips mav aUvavs be li.cn ■, though ihtri. is a bar iir its tntrancc, whifii is, liivAtvir, ;'. great ferurity au'ainft fon-f-,'.! cnitniics. Tlie ft und.ition of thi? town is Liid niion pik^, driven into a mo. jaf', and iindt'r the fladr^i^nfe alone are 13,0-0. The hollies are brick and l^cne, rhe flreet^ I'paciouw and wtli-pavcd, and in.'ft < f them haTc canals, with rows of trees on e;ich fidj. It is computed tu be ab.)'.it half as big as London, and nme if the inhr.liitants are idle. Jt is jj'iverned by a col'.c'ic'if 50 ienaioi's, who hold their piicts fpr lift, and 11 biir^'oniafters, four of whom art always fitting. It fiirrcn- dend to the king ot Pruliia, on »he loth cf Oft. 1787, when that prince invaikd iMland. in favour of the ftadtholder, but va? evacuated on the reltorationof the latter to his riiihts and hdnoirs. It is feared at the conflnrnre of the rivers Amftcl and Wye, 65 milis N. of Antwerp, 17; K. by N. ot Lcndon, 340 N. by £. of Paris, aa4 . A N C <*o N. VV. of Vinin.n. Lon. 4. 5 Amvv|.. LI, a viil.(»'e near U'arc, irj Hmfordthir*, fnmoiu t^r ).jvin'.'. ri'c totln; New Kl'.'ir, which liippi^,^ LoiiiVii wiili water. One p.irr is called .\i;,well-M m'ih, aiUi the c.lhtt Ainwtii P.irva, at wh;Cli 11 the lii-Hil of the river. An.M)IH, a cor.hdeia'.dc rivrr of Si- beiKi, tl'.at tallk into th.. ICii'turn O'can. .AsAC.Ni, a Iniall t( wn of Italy, in Campania, and in the territory (.'f the chui'th ; ir is a biiiiop'3 fee, ^1 rndei I',, of Rt.nic. Li .:. AvATTOM. tne of the iflands r;;;!e,l the New Hebrides, in the South Paciiic Ocean. Lnn. i7j. q. I',, lar. zo. 10. S. Am:ak.aN'o, a town of Italv, in the marcniila'Cijf Ancorfc, live mdcs N. f)f A(. coli, and 81, N. 1'.. ot H,.,nie. Lon, 1;. 19. v.. lat. 41.' 4IJ. N. A'-JetAMKU, a village in Lincninfiiirc, I 5 nules S, of Lincoln. AscfSir, a town of France, leatcd r,n the river Lijirc, in liu; dip.mniLnr of Li>wir L'iic and larr pr ix nice of Ihc- ta;,'i:c, 20 milci E. of Nantes. Lcn. 1. ,. W. lit. 47. IS. N. AsiM.AM, a rtninj; town of Germany, in Poincraiiin, leniaikabL- fr^r e:.ci!itiit paflur.s. Jt \i liatid on tl'.c rivir ]\nc, 20 niiler. S. of Giiplwald. Lon. 14. :, E. 140. ej. tt. N. A.N'Cui; fR, a territory on the (r.!d cfiaft of Guinea, having a river of tie fiiiie ^^■^mc fion inj^ throiiijli it, the hanks of which are adorned ivirh fuic iofty tut>, atfordini; a very ayrceablc Ihadc, On ii;c wtltern bii'k ii a populous village. An'Con a, a niaiT|uil.Ui: in Italy, bclot ;> ing ti) the ecckfraitical Hate. A iV.rt i,: ihcllfilh called bal.nii, is found he.'c, among the hones liiken nut of the harbo..r of Ancotia, in high eUeein at Rome. Ancona, an ancient town of It;ilv, rr. the ;.;i,!f of Venice, and in the niariuiil'.ue of Ancns. It WHS ori;;iiially built ;ipi 1 a hill ; bat the hrjui'es have beer I'.rudu.il.v extended div n the iGe of tht UilUHIlLI., toward the Ua. the highch part llie country, and t:.c The comtiierct of Aiieoiia ha» m- Thc cath.tdial Itanil-.r. whence there i:, a hi;-; view I'f the tijwn pidly incrcafed of lute years j fur wiiii.a it is indebted to pope Clement XII. w!,^ made it a frtc port, and built a mole, n render the h.ubour fafe. It i$ erei'ted -a the ruins of t!\c ancient ;i'.' le, raiftd by t'.it cmpcvor Trajan, and is alovc iooo (:■■'■ N C IIU.'I. Lnn. 4. 5r. E. ill.tt'f nciir ^\'arc, in n» ti>rj.',ivinir ri'c toilm lUppilO l.OMllfll NMlll Citlltt' .\r;iWf'il-M 111. 1, ivili J'.irm, at wlucti u i"". .1uf;.rn'.;lc rivrr of Si- I'li.. IviiUrrn 0< ^.111. ',1 1 ti wn of It.ily, in ill.' tvTritfirv (t the o;-/'. Ice, ^i Unit:, 1'.. ot i\. v.. '.rft. 41. sO. W. tlic r,:ipiial of ihf n,i- , in A'i''. '"" 'He rnrr bclo'.v It i'lti) tlit Litt, k c of the iflands r;.Ic.! :?, in ihi; Soutli Pacini: (). I'., l.it. 10. 10. S. a town of lr;ilv, in trie :orh, live miles N. of Af- 1',. ot Uwiiic. Lon. 15, i. N. \ill.ii;c in Lincninfiiirc, nroln. own of Trance, fcAtccJi-.n in liii; iii)Miinn.nt if 111 late jiT'ivince of Ihc- '.. of Nahics. Lcii. 1. «. N. ftronj town of Gcrmf-ny, itniaikablo for cLCc'iir.t ftaii-cl on tl'.e rivir I'liic, GnplwaKl. Lon. i.;. ;. N. a territory on the sr!! a, having a river of tie iiij; throiij;li it, the liaiiki ■irned 'vith Uv.c lofty tuo, ■ ai^rctahlc lh;uie. On ihc a p ; ior wiiici o pope CUriifnt XII. wl ^ port, and built u mole, f hour fafe. It is erei'tttl ja c ancient ir.' !e, raiftd by t;^e ,n, antl is c'.Lovc icao l^-'- -— j^ N D '^ in ItnK'h, 100 in breadth, and «bcHit6o iit dip'!, trom the furfaec of i!:C (>:*. Near tltis ItamK the I'namptul Ai\h of i'u- j.in, wiiieh, iicxi the iMailuu (j^Mtreu nl Nifiiics, \t ihe nioii Ki tutiiHl aiul tiititu in iniimeiu of ll'mi.in nia^'iiuccnte exiiiin.;. l^.ie Iilawile CU'iiieiit eit .'.te;t .i ta/aittio, w'hk'i .•dvaticii .t little way intu the Ira, in ihi' fi'i'iii 01 a peiii.i.i:;oii, and ii ■! nublu it> well H> uklul tdliitL, Oreat liiiiileij of JeWiare cllablillitJ iiiiliij eity. '1 t.iy Jiave a fynayiglic lierc ; and, althuuj;h uil reli^;ions ace tuleratcd, tlirifs 1% tin: iml/ foier^n woribip aliowv'.i to b." pab!;;.ty t,\ereifeil. " In .1 wiii\1," lay: a iate tra- veller, '• the p ipeN who Tirll thoutut of niakui;^ An'ona a ine put, of eneunr:!^- in^ ii.aniiraftiire«, and ' f tiiiihiinj; a niol;', t'( render the harb.jur inoie U!'e, have in- jured Venice in a more leitr>ble manner, than tUoie wr.o thunder-d iiulls iijjainit th.it republic ; hut it ii much to be ;ji;el- tioiicil whether tlie pope», by theif en- eimra;;ciiitii^. 10 conuneree, have aiijj- mcntcd their own fpirituai importanc; in the liiiiepiuporiion t!ity liave tuc t..nrip.ral riciie* ot thi-ir lllbie^'l^." Anecnaii ii.'i miles N. by Iv. ot Rome. Lon. ij. 35. t. Lit. 43. 3-*. N. Anijai.Ij51 A, a province of Sp:iin, i;o miles in lent;; h and i .^o in breat,^lh. L i> h'limded on tne i>. by Granad.i, en tlic \V. by Al>;:irve and t!;e lea, on tlie N. by Eltr iifiadura, and on the E, by M.a- cia. Tlie (-•iiad.(i'|ulver ruiii throiii;h it; whole ien,;tli ; and it ii the imft fi.riile, rith, a^iixubic, and tra-lirL; cjimiry ui Spain, The capital is Sevjiie. Andama.n Jii.AMis, on the K. fide of the entrance into tin; bay of Ben^^al. The iiiluiuitanth arc a harmlcl's inoitenlivc tieople, liviiijr eiiietly on rice, fruits, and 11 IDs, \^■ith wliieti they furniih liups that conic that way. ■ A N" I) A Y K, a fortified town rf France, in the I'eparfineiu of the Lower Pyrenees. It is very famoiis for its brandy, and is litiiateil at the mouth of the rivei Uidaliba, oppoiitc J''oiitarabia in Spain, iS miles from Bay«jnne. Lon. i. 4r.W. Iitt.4 j. 1 5. N. Anully, a towi) of I'' ranee, in the department (4 Eure and late province of Normandy, divided by a paved road into fv.'O little towns caiied Great and Little Andeiy, a mile from each other. Great Andely is in a valley, on the little river Gam'ooiis. It has a fountain, which bears the name of St. Clotilda, and to which pil- grims reiort on the fcftival of that laint. Little Andely is on the Seine. The cloths ir>aniif:idti.irtd here arc laid to be cijual ■Jo th.oi'c of England. Andely is the birth- j'latt U' NishuUs Poalfjn, i he P..iplia'.l at' ■51 m ^ j^-^rn — "^"""^ Fruncc. It ii so miin S, F,. of R,,ucn, Hnd 6-; .N. W. of Par u. Lon. 1. 30. F.. lit. .y). J3. N. AsumsACH, a town of CJermany, in the cltcUratt of C('k'j;ne, leatut on the Rhine, 1:1 iiiilck N. VV. of L'oblciiti. Lon. 7, ti. E.liit. 50. 19. N. A.NUKRO, Si. H Ii ([Virt town of Spain, in till province of Hileay, wlier. thu Spa- lu.irds build andliy up Ijint of then men ot war. It IS do iniL;, \V. of liiiiKu, Lon. 4. to. E. lat. 43. z 5. N, Amm-s, or CuiiiMi.i huAs, a chain of iniunains in S. Amera.i, luiurn,; fn in N. M S, along the' coall of the Pacilio O.ean. Titey exceed in leiii^th any chain of moMntHill^ in the otiicr pirts of tin; I'hi'nK 5 extending' fn.m the ittlmui* ot' Daiien to tlie lliai-s of IMjjjellan, divid- m.; the whole foui hern part of America, and rimniny a len,'th of 4300 miles. Dr. Kojtriloii, alter O'jicrvinu;, t! " the moun- tain* in America ate much lujienor in heii/iht totholf of the other flivtli(>ii.s nf the tMooe, fays; " Ev.n tiic p.ain of Quito, which may be comidered as the bale of the .'Vndes, is elevated farther above the lea than the top of ihi.- Pyrenees. This ftupeiid lis ridi;e of the Andes, no lefs re- uuirk..ble f.ir extent than elev ition, riles, in dil!erent places, more tiiaii ono third above I lie Pike of TeneiilF, once tho(it;iit to be the !iii;he!f land in the aiicieiii he. raifpheie. The Ai.des may literally be laid to hide their he. ids 111 ihe clouds : the ftoi-iiis often roll, ami the thunder burlt« below ti:;ir liimmi:., which, thoui^h cx- poled to the rays of the fun, in the centre of the torriil zone, are covered with e^. laiiuiji; I'nnvs." From experiments made with a barometer on the iiiountain of Co- topaxi, it apj)earetl that its fummit was elevated 62 s-i yardj above the Airfacc of the fea,fonieihini;iii:.'ie than t luce geoj^raphical miles. In thelemuuntamcaie maiiyxuleanos, Anuovlu, u lari^e town of Uamp- ,.. fhire, with a market on Saturday. It li| lends two members to p:irliameiit, ::nd is a great ihorouj;htare on the wcfiern road, i» miles N. liy \V. of Winchefler, and' 61; W. by S. of London. Lon. i. 10. W. Lit. SI. 14. N. A.MJUARUM, a town of Sweden, in Gothland, three miles S. of Chriflian. ftadt : here is tl gieatelt alum-work in the kingdom. A.VDKi-.w, St. a town of Germany, in the duchy of Carinthia, with a bilhop's fee; ieated on the river Levant, 95 miles S. by VV. of Vienna. Lou. 15. ic. E. lat. 4^'. 52. N. Avon Kw's, St. a town of Scoiland, \u the county of fife, with a univerfity ; it I IS 30 n\ili:> N. K. of 1. 45. W. hx, 56. A N G^ k wa« foriTifily the fee of nn »ri;hhi (hop. It i» feared M ihc bortotn of ,i liay, on the level top vf \ finnll hill, txtcndini; rait .iiul wall, having :iii npi n prDfnri'l of thi- C»:r- m»n Otcan. The uiiivitrfirv, winch w.n foiinHcd hy hifliop Wurdl'iw, in 1411, tonlifti (if tliri c collcpjei. Thr c,ithcdr:>l, the chupcl of St. Rcjjiiliis (which is more anricnt iin the tomb of Ren#, king of Sicilv, and le\eral l)itliO|)s, in while maible ; and here is (hown an urn, wliieh is pretendid to hnvc been tiled at the wedding of Caiia. The pruuij)")! gate- of the church of St. Maimlxeuf, diltiniUiiiiKd fur its noble fiiii- plii-ity, is a vaiiiahle monnminr of the lixih century. Iltfore the late dilTolution of convents, monks of every urilcr were ta b'. leen at Angers } and out of f)ur abbevs that belonged (n the Henc lull- plcttiiiij vitw (if mi- , iipwitrd of A hin- .ci.iliivatfil kitclien- » that prcwiiicc jjond (thcilr.il !'• an rli-i',\nt il'itf ii(iftier« iif 'lie :hc wiilthof the nave, , luni\f>iintt(U)y tlitco jie tcntre one h.i« im IS of the other two) ircd. In th\s r.:\thc- Rtii^, kint; of Sicilv', in while niaible ; aiut , wliitli !•< proti'ndid he wcdtluijj of CniM. «)f the clmrch of St. liit'l fur iti iioblf full- lie monu'ni.nt of th!; fore the late diffohitm'i of ivtTV onlcr weiv to and out of four ahbcys 10 lUnciliLkuies, three biautitul, Here is an ifttres, eUdblillied ii> if:iiits are computed at citv i'i a conlidcr^lile aniike-rchicfs and fail- ice of the (late quarries, tiic fuburhol Brelfr^ny, important article of toni. c is li) ronimon, that the in the fubiirb< is covered ch account Angers has r.lack City. The caftic, ■tat round towers, is re- ir Its advantagcoub fitti- . and the width of its n cai;. Sicilv rv fpacious Iquan- ; and auiiful public walks. It f Nantes, and iT, &■ W- o. 3^, VV. laf. 47- 30. N. a town of Italy, in the n, capital r,' a county of It is fcatfd on the eafl fide igiorc, 30 miles N. W. well as in the w.ilU of the town. The callle has a triple mclo. (urc, and the walls arc of white marble and Hone, rerefiilihii(j porphvry. Hrrt are bred the liiiell j;uats in the world ( and the hair is of a fine white, alinort likt filk, whiih they work into the (inea llulfi, pariiciiUriy cmnblcts. it \% 1,, milci S. li. ol Conllaminoplc. Lun. i». 5. K, lat. 39. 3c. N. A.stiK \, ii leapnrt, eapiial of the ifland of Tercira, wiih a biihop'» ke. Lon. t?. 7. W. I,r. 5«. 3^. N. Anwhouna, a town of Piedmont, fcven uiilft W. of Pignerol. Lon. 7. le K. lai,4,.o. N. ■ ' ^ ANOUI1.1.A. or Snake Island, « long and narrow tiaft, winding fomewlmt in the manner of a I'nake, wh^ence it re- ceived its name, it is woodv, but per- fn'^tly level ; and is the molt norilicn. ^f th'j Knghfh Caribbec illands, in the W. iii'lics, 60 miles N. W. of St. Chriftopher! 'i'he inhaliitantu apply theinlelves chieHyto the fie. ling of cattle, tlic planting of Indian corn, lid other parts of hiilbandry. This illar, I. fertile, and has the fame climate with Jamaica. Lon. 61. 3;. VV, lat. 18 i;. N. ANtJUii r.AiiA, a town of Italy, in the Pafriinuny of St. Peter, 15 miles N. W, ot Rome. ANC?t;i,siiruE, a county of Scotland, ( tbinetimcs called Fo k K a h , from -he name (jfthc county-town), bounded on the N. by Aherdeenlhire.onthcN. E.by Kincardine- ftire, on the K. by the German Ocean, ot» the S. by the frith of Tay, and en the W. by Perthlhire. Its length and breadth are nearly equal, about 35 miles. It has many lakes and hills, but is fruitful in corn and padures. The principal fivers are the North and South Klk. An HALT, a principality of GeriTianv in the futle of Upper Saxony, 41 miles in length, and eight in breadth ; bounded on the S. by Mansfeldt, on the \V, by Hal- berftadt, on the E. by Saxony, and on the N. by Magdeburg. It abounds in corn, and is watered by the Salde and the Mulda. An HALT, an ifland of Denmark, in N. Jutland, lying in the Catcgat, eight millpf IVom«»he coa!f of Jutland, and iq fi.iin Zealand. Jt is dangerous for lea- .1 men, for which real'on there is a liirht ■ houle. *■ ; An IAN, a country lyinu on the E. I coait ^ iTTTN ' ~^ coaft of Afiica, ncir t!;c lie A Sea, cf whkh we liavt little kiiowli.dj'C. AN)FNc;f), a i'm'ill tovn ;:n:l frif>ory on the coa'it ot Mal-ibtir, i'c!i>n:;iiig to xi,l- Eart Indvi i;omp:ir.y. Tb.dr n-rrclriidi!c confifts tliicft-/ ill prpritr and c.ilici'CS. Lon. 76. I. i'-. la"-. 7. c. N. An')'^''j a 'sro pi'ovincc (if Fritic?. bounflcil on the N. bv Manif, on the \V. by Hrttignc, oa the S. bv rc^itfui. mid on the E. bv Touraiae. ilftinncily bi.loiit;cd to the {i.vcrci'.^ns dl I'.iii;;iHrd. It lunv forms, wiui th'J late piuvuicis of Maine and Tciurainc, the four dtpanmrnts of MhIdc and Luirt, liidiLund Loire, Muiiu, and S irtc. Anna, a town of TiirKiy in A;"a, on the \rc!UTn bar.k of tiic Eupiiratts. nnd the iilcar,inttil pKac i:. thcfc pait:-, jhti'c bciiii; j^cnty "f olivt^ ora:igc>, ci- trom, Lmoiif, potncj/rnnatts, Kiid dates. The fuldb are fow i\ v.r.h cottuii ; and the corn i'.ro\vs txtrr-.icly hiiih. It j. 1 ; -> miles \\'. of Ih'j.' 'd, ar.d iro S. S. \V. of Moiidbl. L. ... 41. o. K. bt. 3j. 33- N- Annamooka, an illand in t!>c South Sea, dil'covcrcd by Tafniun in K'43, aiul \ifitid bv cajrain Vv:k in i-::4 and 1777. It is wcli-f.ulfivatcd in many pb.ccs, con- fifting of plantations of yams and p!antain.>. Many of them arc cxttnlivc, n'NAV, a river of S>".ot!and, whieh rifing in the Mc'i^t HiiK, and flovdue, in a Ibuiheily dirci'tion, thr'usih Annan- dale, empties itfelf into So|w„y frith, •■■ Ann AN DA 1. 1', a diflricl of Dum- frieslhirc in tcot'li'id, fo vallcii. The piin- cipal part of the buildings are arranged ;.i;ree.ib!e to this plan. The ftadlhoui'e i> :he nriblei'; biiildiiig <.'f the kind in Ame- rica. Annapolis h 30 miles b. of IJalii. nioiv. Lo;-. ir. :o. \V. lat. jy. c. N. Ann Aroi.is, a fortified town oi Nova Sc ai.i, in Hiinlli yXmerica. ]t Hands on tile ea.'t Tide of the bay of Fundy, and has one (jf tlie lined b.arbouri in the world, I,>,-n..64. :. \V. lat. ,,4. c;. N. Annkcy, a town of Savoy, featcd oh the river Siar, and on a lake of the fame ns;r.c, about 10 miies long, and four broad. It is 7 J miles S. of (icneva, and a H. K, of Chambeny. L(ju. 6. t, E. lat, 4;. cj. N. Annobova, an Ifiand of Africa, on the coall of Guinea, lo called, becaul'c it was found out on New -year's day. It is Well Hocked witii cattle and fruit, and the an- is nvire htklrhful than in other iflands c.n the fame coali. it abounds with jialin- trces, cotoa.^, orauLie^, lemons, bananas, and feveral other fiiiits ; with hogs, j;nats, (liecp, and chicken, wlvch are allextreit.e- ly cheap. The inhabitants arc niolily black, . ' of villanous difpufitioiis ; and the wdmcn are all common, and yet niuli: of them very ii;;ly. The governor u a Portuguefc. Lon. 5. 10. H. lat. i. 50. S. Annova V, a town of France, in the d /artmciit of Ard_cche and iatc province of DaiipliinV) leated un the confluence of the livera Caiices and Deumes, 11 mi!es S. W. of Viennt. Very line paper is inaiuifaitured here j and it was in this place that the two broil. i"k rVTontt;olfier, p^permakers, difeovered, in 17^;, tiic ul'e cf rarefied air in flnatijiif b:i!lo(au-, by afire- plac:, fufpended under them ; aiid in one of ihefe machine-, abl'Mluseiy left to itfeif, the mvircpiis d'Arlandes and M. Pilatre Ri Tier (who, in rht fcquel, laifertuiiately hA\ his life in one of ihefe adventurous atttini'/ts) maiie the firft aerial voyage at Faris, al'eendin;; to the height of.3000 feet on the 2ift of November 17S3. Thei'c maeliines were called Montgv'furu in ho- )!our of the invcntcis, and to difiinguilh thi; 1)1 from ball'juiis tilled with iiiflamma- ■ ule \^'k^-^-^ ■ :-r c capital of M.u'yi'iidj itau.1 of North Amt- iiiiiiill of Siveni rivtr. In tic u>tc in the cmii- (inc of the wtakhicil 111 AiiKiici. Thv; in iiiiiiil'tr, are gim;- ■^;»m Tuc ilcl'ign of the :, ;Hid 3 f^oc ne- groes. Tii.' ciiivf produce is fugar, of which it annually makes i(.,ooo hoglheads. 1 1 was taken by tlie French in ifs:, but rertoftd in i'7fi3. The capitaF is Sr. Joiin'f. It is 60 miles E. of St. Chrillo- phtr's. Lon. 6a. ;. \V. Lit. 17. 5. N. Antii l.KS, the name whiihthc French give to tlie Caribbcc lilands, difcovcred by Columbus, in 1452. See Ini>iks, Wkst'. As-tiii, a pivinontory of lialy, in St. Peter's Patrimony, near wiiieh is a har- bour, lately made. It takes its name frym the ancient city of Anti mi, the riiiiw vf which extend over a long VaSt of lantl. Antioca, or ANiiorc, an ifiand in the Mediterranean, near Sardinia, taken fr' m his S.irdinian majeify, by the French, in February 1793, but evacuated foon after. AvTiocii, now Anth.^kia, an an- cLiu and celebrated townof Syri^'., iu Afia of w'liieh ir was fonnerly the capital ; but it is now ainiolt come to nothing : liowever the mignilicLnt ruins of it itili remain! It is leated on the river Orontcs, now called Alii, i:; miles E. cf the Mediterranean, r"ul 40 S. W. of Aleppo. Lon. j6. 45, E. lat. 3;. 17. N. ANnociiK TTA, a town of Turkey in Afia, in Cuimania, with a hilhop's 'lee, oppofite the idand of Cyprus. Lon. 32'. 15. Is. lat. 35, 42. N. Avrii'AROs, the ancient Oiiaros, an ifid'idcfthe Arehipijlago, two miles W. i.f Paros. It is only a'mck, 16 miles \n tira-.it ; yer, in Coine parts is well ciilti- vared. .ind produn.:, as much barley as fervcs a fmall vil'age. Jc has a grotto, which, perh.'.ps, is one of the irreateft curiofitics in nature, and islaid to prove an important tr-.::h in natural philol'ophy, the vegcta- ti>.n of ifcnies. Tiiis grotto appears to be about So yards liigh and iod broad : the roof forms a pretty good arcli, which, in every part, entertains the cvc with a vaft variety ()f figures, of a white t.'-an ("parent cryftailine I'ubitance, very naturally rcrnn. bling vegetables, marble pillars, and a lii- perb marble pyramid. Lon. 2;. 44. E. lat. 37. 8. N. A.VTIVARI, a (irong tov/n of Turkey in Europe, in Dalniaiia,with a Greek areh- liifliop's fee, io miles N. of Doicigno. Lon. ly, 10. E. kit. 4?.. 19. N, A.-.- f oivr, St. a iixial! town of France, in th.e depart uiciu of libit and hue pro- viiH-t of Dai'.phiny. Here was L.teiy a njunaitt,-/, the ch.urch of which is mr.gnir hetnr. ANT A N Z ficent. Tt was thcprincipal feat of an or- dcr of Hofpitallers, united to that of Malta in J 777, and whofe origin may 1)C traced loan hofpital, built (near a chapel, the depofitory of the relics of St. Anthonv) by Gafton and his fon Girin, in toys- for the relief of devotees, futTcrinp; 'inder a (lilorder, fince called Saint Ant ony's Fire. Antonio, St. one of the Cape de Verd iflands, i , miles from St. Vincent. It is full of high mountains, whence pro- ceed ftreams of excellent water, wiiith ren- der the land very fruitful. The piincipal town is fcated among the mountains. I,on. 15. o. W. lat. 17.0. N. Antrim, a coutity of Irclsn.l, in the province of Ulfter, bounded on tiie K. hy St. George's Channel, on the W. by Lon- dondern-; on tiie N. by the ocean, and on did S. E. by the county of Down, ft is 46 miles in length, and 18 in breadth, and is pretty fruitful. It contains <^6 parilhcs ; and fends 10, members to parliament, two for the county^ and two each for Li (burn, McitaU) Antrim, and Randaldown. . Anthim, the capital of the county of Antrim, in Ireland, at the N. end of the lake Lough-Neagh. It is a poor ]il .re, but fends two members to parliament. It IK 13 miles W. of Carickfergiw. Lon. «. 6. W. lat. 54. 43. N. ANTWKRr, a large handfcmc city of Brabant, capital of the marquifatc of the fame name, with a bifhcp's fee. About 100 years ago it was the greateft place for trade in Europe ; but the civil wars that were the coniequencc of the tyianny of Philip II. diminithcd that commerce, which \yas effettunUv annihilated in i64!j, when, by the treaty of Munfter between Spain and the United Provmccs, the navi- gation of the Scheld, to large Ihips, was Ihut. Sec SfHEH). It is in the (hapc of a bow, and the river i urcfents the ftring. The harbour is commodious, the water being a feet deep, and 403 yards wide ; fo that large veffels mav cumt up to the quay. The cathedral is a tine ftruc- ture, upward of too feet long, 230 bro.id, «nd 360 high; its Ipire i. 4C6 feet in licight ; the crofs at the top i;i ; the di- ameter of the clock 30 feet ; and its cir- cumference i)0. In thij cathedral is an ^fTemblage of paintings by the greatelt roaftcrs of the Klemilli Ichool, particularly Ruoeni! and Quinlin Matfys. Rur'-n's de- fcent from tht crofs is elkenied his nmllcr- piece. On a pidlurt of the falicn angcH, by the father-in law of Matfys, appears p hornet on one of the thighs. Concerning thii. it is related, th:it Matfys, who was «i'i{^lnally a blawkmich, f«i[uij( itt love >vich the painter's daughter, and applying to the father for hib content, was refufcd, as no one, he faid, fhould have her, but a pain- ter. On this, Matfys went to Italy to ftudy the art, and, in a few years, returned a great martcr himfclf; and this hornet he painted on the thigh of the falling an- gel. The puiriter perceiving it, fome time atter, attempted to beat it olf. Artonidied at the exquifite deception, he in juired who had done it, and tnus difc^vering his fuperior (kill, he immediately confenttd to the marriage. 'J'his is alluded to i;; the epi- taph of Matfys at the entrance of the ca- thedral : " Cu/niuli.a.'/s w.wr de vtulcibre fecit ylpdlim Connubial love tranf- firmcd a blackfmith into a painter." There arc many line piiniings in the other churches. The alHimption of »hc Virgin, in the l.itc Jefuits church, by Ru- bens, was the favourite piece of that great mafter. The convents are very numerous here ; and that of St. Michael, of the order of the Premonallerian', is a very- noble and rich foundation ; and the p-iint- ings, in the fine refeftory of the monks, deferve particular attention. The Ex- change, once fo thronged, and from which fir Thomas Grelham took the model of that for London, is now the abode of foli- tiide and filcnce ; and ferves no other pur- pole than the accommodation of an aca- demy for painting, fculpture, architefturc, and the mathematics. The townhoufe, in the great market-place, js a noble ftruc- ture. Here is dill feen a houfe, built in 1^68, for the accommodiition of the mer- chants of the Hanfe Towns; and hence they went to the Exchange, in pnKcflion, preceded by a band of mufic. In the prin- cipal lireet, called the Mere-ftreet, is a crucifix of bronze, 33 feet high, on a mar- ble pedeftal. This was matle from a dc- molilhed i\atue of the cruel duke of Alva, which'he himfclf had fct up in the citadef. On this occaPdn, it was a common tibfer- Vation : " D'un iliahU on a faif nn Di. '<-• Of a dcvi! wc have made a God." 1 'le citadel is efteemcd one of the ftrongcft for- tre ifes of the f^nw Countries. It was taken by the prince of Parma in I'^S--,. It was feizcd by the French in 1700, but furrcn- dcred to the duke of Marlborough, after the battle of RamiUies in 1706. It was taken by the French in 1746 ; but reftnr- cd to the houfe of Aullria. It was again taken bv the French in 1791, but was re- taken the year after. It is feated on the river Scheld, iz miles N. of Bruffels, ji N. E. of Ghent, and 65 S. of Amlierdaui. Lon. 4. 2S. E. lat. '^i. 13. N. AN/.t:RMA, a tou-n and province of Poiavan, in S. America, where there arc 111 uu< HZ :r, and applying to the t, was refufcd, as no have her, but a. pain- tfys went to Italy to 1 a few years, returned ifclf; and this hornet ngh of the falling an- erceivinp it, fonie time :)eat it off. Aftoniflied cception, he inquired nd tnus difcDvering his imed;ateW tonfenttd to is alluded to \n the epi- the entrance of the ca- Ja.'is iv.ior de tiiukibre Zonnubial love tranf- nith into a painter." fine primings in the riie a'lampti'n of 'he Jtt'uits church, by Ru- urite piece of that great ,cnts arc very numerous )f St. Michael, of the monartenans, is a very ,ndation ; and the p-mt- refeftory of the mvinks, : attention. The Lx- irongtd, and from which ham took the model of is now the abode of loli- and ferves no other pur-- •commodation of an aca- r, fculpture, architefturc, latics. The townhoufe, et-place,;is a noble ftruc- tiU feen a houfe, built in -ommodation of the mcr- anfe Towns ; and hence • Exchange, in proceihon, iidofmufic. Intheprin- ed the Mere-ftreet, is i e, 33 feet high, on a mar- his was made from a dc- of the cruel duke of Alva, f had fct up in the citadel. 1 it was a common ohler- )tiahkonafnit ««_p/."-- have made a God." ^ ^e led one of the ftrongeft for- ,w Countries. It was taken )f Parma in I'.S'v It was rcnch in 1700, but furrcn- ukeof Marlborough, alter lamiUies in 1706. It was renchin 1746; but reftor- • of Aulb-ia. It was again renchin 1791. ^»« wasre- ■ after. It IS featcd on the 2^ nnlcs T^.of BruiTcls, 21 ,n,and6^S.of Amllerdani. lat. i;!. '3- N. , a town and province ot ;. America, where there arc muH' A P P mines of gold. The town is Tf itel on the river Coca. Lon. 75. 2;. \V. Int. 4. 5b. N. AousTA, a town of Piedmont, capital of a duchy of the fame name, and a bi- ihop's ice. It is remarkable for ftvcral moniiments of the Romans. It is I'eatcd at the foot of the Alps, on the river Doria, CO miles N. W.'of Turin. Lon 7. 30. E. lat. 4;. 4S. N. AovsTA, a territory of Piedmont. It is a valley 30 miles in length, and abounds in partures, and all forts of fruits. Apanka, now called AFAMKA,atown of Syria, in Afia, I'eatcd on the ri'/er Aiii, ^; miles S.of Antioch. Lon. 36. 56. E. lat. 34. 3z, N. Af.^no.mia, a town of S.intorin, an ifland in the fen of Candia. It liv a I'pa- cious harbour, in the form of a !':ilf-moon ; but fo deep, that fliips cannot anchor there. Lon. 15. 59, E, lat. 36. iS. N. Ai'EE, one of the Nc\v Hebrides, in the South Sea, near Mallicoli. Lon. 168. 21. E. lat. 16.46. S. -Apenrade, a town of Denmark, in Slciwick.'or South Jutland, with a citadel. It has been plundered I'evtral times, and is feated at the bottom of a gulf of the Bal- tic Sea, 17 miles N. of Siefwick._ Lon. ». 38. E.. lat. i;;. 6. N. Aphiom Karahissart, a town of Natolia, called Aphiom, becaul'e it produces a great deal of opium, called aphium by the Turks. Lon. 31. 4S. E. lat. 3S. 3,.' N. Appalachian. See At,i.i- gany. * ArPALACHiKOLA, a river of N. America, foniicd by the junftion of the rivers Ch .lanouci.. • and Flint, which have theirfu'.ri:ein the Appal—M-Ti Mv,u.,^fl;ns, and r^nnii-.g ncariy parallel in a foutherly dirfjfion, flov. united into the gulf of Mexico, oppofitc St. George's Ifland. A P PENNINE s, a chain of mountains which di\ide Italy throughout its whole length, as far as the Ibutliern extremity of tiie kingdom of Naples. Hence protccc" all the riTcrs whi.'i water Italv. Appkn/.k!., a .own of Swifferland, .?- pital of the canton of the iume nam'. .I'hich is divided imo twelve communities ; fix called the interior, arc Roman Catholics ; tiic fix exterior, are Protellants. It is 40 milrs E. of Zurich. Lon. 9. 31. E. lat. 4:- 21. N. Appi.KHY, the ccunty-town of \Ve'ft- morland, with a good corn market on Monday. It li:i<^ irone greatly to decay, being only one broaii ftrcet of mean houfts. At the upper prrt is the caftle ; at the lov.er em) is the cliurch ; and litre i? aifo a towuhoufc. Tlic town is alnioft eiicir- fl<:J Ly the river Edtn: it ftnds:wom«m- A R A her'! to parliament ; and i? 10 mile< S. F. of Penrith, and 266 N.N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 34. W. lat. 154. 34. N. Apt, an ancient town of France, in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone and late province of Provence. Its com- merce confifts in prunes, coarfe fcrpcs,and wax chantllcry, for which laft there is a great demand. There are many line Ro- man antiquities, and it is fcnted on the river Calaron, lo miles N. of Aix, and 25 S. E. of Orange. Lon. 5. 30. E. lat. 43, 51. N. Apulia, the E. fide of the kingdom of Naple:., on the gulf of Venice. It is divided into three territories, whofe mo- dern names are the Capitanata, Terra di Ba.-i, and Otranto. Apuki.ma, or Aporamia, a rapid river of S. America, in Peru, 30 mile* from the riv'cr Aban/ai. At^'A-Nf'.CRA, a town of Italy, in the Mantuan, on the river Cliiefa, 12 miles W. of Mantua. Lon. to. 2;. I'^. lat. 4;. ' 12. N. Atj^n.A, a lirgc handfomc town of tht; kingdom of Naples, capital of Ahruzio, with a bifliops's fee, ant! a caftle. An earthquake happened here in 1:00, by which 2400 pcrfons were killed, and noo hurt. It is feated on the river Pefcara, 35 miles from the Tea, and 52 N. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 39. E. lat. 4s. 20. N. Ac^'iLKiA, foriTierlyaflourUhing trad- ing town of Itajy, n.iw gone to 'decay. However, it has a patriarch, who refidcs at Udino. It is fuated on the Triuii, near the fea, 57 miles N. E. of Venice. Lon. 13. 8. E. lat. 46. o. N. ArjuiNo, a tG>vu of ,thc kingdom of ' Naples, in Terra di Lav jr.; ; ,-. biiho,/* fee, but ruined oy the einptrvr Conrade ; confifting only of ab;;ut: 35 hoi!f^3. It was the birthplace of Juvenai, and of Thorau* A-juiiias. It lies 30 miles N. VV. of Ca- oua. Lon. 13. 50. E. lat. 41. 36. N. Arabia, a country of Ai'..i, bounded | on the W, by the Red Sea and tlic iilh- - 1 mus of Suez ; on the N. E. by the river Euphrates, which divides it from Diarbtc, I or Diarbekar, the ancient Melbp itainia ; | on the E. by the guli;, of Pcrlia and Or- J mils ; and on the S. by iIk Indian Ocean. 1 Ir lies between 3 ; anii 60 cK grees E. Ion. - and 12 and 30 X. lat. cxlLiuiing i4?orrale« in length and 1200 in breadth. It is di- vided into three parts, Arabia Petrta, De- ferta, and Felix, or the Happy. Arabia Petiea is the imallcll of the three, and, toward the N. is full of mountains, with tew inhabitants, on account of its harren- nefs. It had its name from ;hc tov, h Pc- ) trca, iti aiuiciu c; Aiep^'o, and from i'.:,ypt to Mecca, in i-r- der to vifit Alshrmet's tomb. Arabia Felix produces friail- incenle. ii-yrrh, bahii of C IK 11(1, jjiun ai.ibic. ;uul more cfperi- ally cotTit, of wliiih tlijy export proiliTi- cils qiiaiitiiics. Tb.i: Ai-ib";, who Ijvc in the delcrt., have no ht iilVs, but tent;. 'II, e f;nnous Mahomet w.iiiaii.uive <.f thiscouii- ti V, and his follo>' ci'-, ibou after his dtarh, ronm;euil a jMcat }:'.n of Aui, Africa, and luiropc, eftaLliiiiiii^ tlieii reli^ivn wherever tiiey caiivc. AiiACAN, or Ri CfAV, a country oa, live miles ; W. of Albinguay. Lon. 7. i;6. K. lat. . 2. W An AV/V, a fortreis us Upper Huni'^nrv, in a fount) , and on a river of t!ic fame name, 72 mile N. W. cf Calluvia. Lon. ;;. c. E. Lit. 49. 30. N. A.". Auco, a fortref,, and town of Chili, in S. America ; (ituated in a fins valle/, t;n a river of ;Iie fajne iia'ne. I'lie n;itiv,.s are l.)bra',e, tl.:-.t thev drove the Spaniardi f/Lit. of theij' country, though they had no , fire-arms. L:ni. 73. »r>. \V. Int. 37. 30. S. Af.AW, a Isr^e I'.nd handfuuic town U Sv/ilTe.-hnJ, in Ar.now, on the river Aar It is. tcm.irkahle for it- church, its fouu- ti':i, and tiie fertility el rh.e foil. It is 27 i):iles W . ci Zuricii, L:jn. S. o. K. lat. 4%Z5. N. Araxks, cr Ai!A>;, n river of Afd, which rifes in lieor;,ia, .iiid running S. !•'.. acrcl's Arntenia, ard part of Peifia, fjlls into the river Kur. Ah lU , an (pilcopal town of the repub- lic cf Venice, in an ifhi'.ui of the fame n:;mc,on the cuali of L^.dmaiia, iVom which it ii but five miles diftant. AkhI' T.A, a town of .Alia, in CurdiiV.n, w!)ere Ahxander fought the LA; la: tic with Darius. It is about 60 i.iiks b. R. cf Motifel. Lon. 42. 2;. 1^. lar. 35. t;. N. A « KURC, a town of SwhTcrhnd, in the c:.\:i'';i -)f Bern, on tlie river Aar. It lia-'.d; ci! a rock, defended by a j^ood fort c.t out of thi: rock ; and is lo miles N. \V. of Bern. Lon. 7. 5. l-',. lat. 4-:. o. N. Akrois, a populon.; town of France, in the departmentof Juraand lare province of Franche-Coniie. It is famous far its white wines. It is 22 inilts S. W. of iic'.\.nqr)n, Lon. c. 40. E. lat. 46. 55- N. AiiBO.v, an ancient town in Swilicr- land,on the lake of Conffancc, inTurgov,-, with a cahle built bv tlie llomans. It is under the bilhop of Contlance ; but the Proteftants have the free e.xtrci'e of their religion. It is 12 niilcs^ S. E. of Coaftancc. Lon. •). 30. E. lat. 47. 30. N. ArEROATM. Bee iDIiUaUOTIIWICK. Akburv, » M» *i' a iw«w< ^ -« w i » »j. q[ i i ii , i »t i . . )X» i tt- ^ja»< yi* V R B ■ i;ry of the iiiJ'.pi'ndrn*' .Do''F '' '""i ''■ town cf OlA on the Doiicro, 4- "''i'--:"' . Lon. 3. 5J- V.'- lat. a p.il;icc "f the king cf Cnftiif, en thf l"\i'., 2', ■id. Loii. ,;. 20. \V. lat. hiirli i'i'niP';\in of Afm, in 'be tlic i" nc mcntimittl nuntinu', pntuous an(1_ ■ Italv, in tlie tt rritcry 't ilts ; W. of Albingiiay. at. ,. i- 'N- -.rtrcfs (.1- Upper Fiim^^nry, ,,| 0,1 a river of the lame >!, W. ci C'ailijvii. Lon. ). -,o. N. fv/trcf:. w\ town of Chili, ; fiuiatcd in a fine vailev", « fame na'tie. 'I'lie ivitivci .-.t thcv I'rove the Spaniaii'.i unirv, thuiu^h thtV had n'- . t. "j. zr. W. lat. 37- 35- S- iri^'ie i-.nd h-.itiJffsiic town -.i Ariiow, on the river Aur )fc for it- church, its foiu!- ■ertihtv el rhe foil. Itjs^^j iui-icli, Lm. S. q. K. '"'• ',r Av. A«, n river of A fa, Gfor'^ia, .\:\i runniii,2; S. 1''.. a, a:-i! part iif Vi:i fux, i ^iii Kur. cnilcDpal t"«'n of the repvib- , in i;n i'.Va-ui of the tame ■naa of l^aimaiia, from which iiiU (hft.mt. o town of Afia, in CurJin^.n, .nder foughr the l.ft haitlc It is about 60 i.utes b. h. Lon. ,>!. 2:.E.!ar. G-v.-^-^'- atcwnof SwilTcrbiul, inthc em, on tlie river Aar. It otk, defended hy a i,'m\ fort •he rock ; an.l i-. lonnlcsN. ■ I, on. 7. <;. K. ht. 4-- O.N. a pcpulouj town of I'rance, mentof Jura ami Uv:e province Comte. It is famous i>r us It is 2 2 miles S. \\ . "t Lon. c.4o-E-'''t-.46- 55- ^• an ancient town in Swilicr- lake of Conftancc, iiiTurgow, • built hv tlic lloinans. It is ifhopofConftance ; but the ;wve the free exerci'e of their IS iimilcjS.E. of Conftancc. E. lat. 47- 30' I^- ,TM. See ABcKBIVOTIIWICK. Ahburv, ARC Arbvry, a village of CambriJgcflilre, where are the remains of a camp, and where many coins have been found. It is one mile N. of Cambridge. Arc*a»ia, a town of the Morca, near the gulf of the fame name, and in the pro- vince of Belvedere, 11 miles N. of Na- Varin. Lon. 2 1. 41. E. lat. 37. 24. N. Arceuil, a village of France, three miles S. of Paris, remarkable for an aiiuc- duft, which is thought to equal the works of the ancient Romans. It was built in J624, by Mary de Medicis : its water is diftributed into the different parts of Paris. Archakcf.l, afcaportof RulFia, ca- pital of the government of the fame name. It was the only fcaport town of Riiflia for many years, and was firft reforted to by the Englifh in 1553. The trade is great- ly diminifhcd fince the building of Pcterf- biirg. It is icated on the river Dwina, four miles from the White Sea, and 400 miles N. E. of Peterftjurg. Lf -.. 39. o. E. lat. (4. 34. N. ARCHiPKLAfio, a confidcrable part of the Mediterranean Sea, having Romania on the N. Natolia on the E. Macedonia, Livadia, and th' Morea, on the W. and the ifle of Candia on the S. It is partly in &jrope, and pnrtlv in Afia, contain- ing the iflands of Rhodes, Negropont, Lemnos, Tenedos, Sciros, Mctclen, Scio, Samos, I'atmos, Paros, Antiparos, Ccrigo, Santorin, And -os, Tina, Naxia, Milo, Delos, Argenticra, kc. ;* Archipelago, Northern, four principal groups of iflands, between the E. coaft of Kamtfchatka and the W. coaft of America. The firft, called Safignan, contains five iflands; the fecont', called Khao, includes tight iflands ; and both thefe gioups together are ftyled the Aleu- thian Iflands. The third group is called the Andrcanoffiki Oftrova, and coipprifcs 16 iflands. The fourth group is the Lyf- fic Oftrova, or the Fox Iflands, fixteen in number. Arcis-sur-Aube, a fmall town of France, in the department of Aubc and late province of Champagne. It is Icatcd on the river Aube, 1 3 miles N. of Troyes. Lon. 4. 12. E. lat. 48. 32. N. Arco, a ftrong town and caftle in the Trentin. It was taken by the French in 1703, and abandoned loon after. It ftands on the river Sarca, i^ miles S. VV. of Trent. Lon. 11. 11. E. lat. 46. o. N. Arcos, a ftrong town of Spain, in And»lufia, on a craggy rock, at the foot of which runs the'Guadaleto, 28 miles N. E. of Cadii. Lon. 5. 46. W. hi. 36. ARE f Arcot, a large city, the capital of the Carnatic, in the peninfula of Hindoo- ftan. Its citadel is eftcemed a place o( fome ftrength, for an Indian fortreft. The defence which it made, under capt. Chve, in 17 51, eftabHftied the military- fame of that great officer. It is 73 miles W. by S. of Madras, and 217 E. by N. of Seringapatam. Lon. 79. o. E. lat. 11.30.N. Ardkbil, a famous and ancient town in Perfia, the refidence and burial-place o£ many kings ; particularly of Shiek Scfll, the author of the Perfian Seft. Pilgrims rofort to this place from all parts of Perfi* It is 25 (niles E. of Tauris. Lon. 48. to, E. lat. 38. 15. N. ' Ahdlc'HK, a department of FranoCj part of the Lite province of Dauphiny. It takes its name from a river. A K D t N F. u K G , a town of Dutch Flan- ders, 10 miles 'N. E. of Bruges. Lon. 3. 30. E. lat. 51. 16. N. * Arde.vnes, a department «f France, part of the late province of Champagne, lb named from a famous foreft, lying on the river Meufe, extending, in Cefaf's time, far into Germany. What emain* of it at prefent lies between Thionville and Liege. Ardrah, a fmall kingdom of Africa, in Guinea. It lies at the bottom of the gulf of St. Thomas, and has a town called Ardrah. The inhabitants are licentious, and have no place for religious worfliip. However, they are very courageous, anfd their king was abfolute, till the king of Dahomy reduced the country, and burnt the towns. The air is very unwholefome to Europeans ; yet the natives hve to a great age ; but the fmallpox makes great dcftruftion among them. This country is fertile in Indian corn, palm-wine, plants, and fruits, which laft all the year ; and they make a great deal of fait. Lon. 3. 5. E. lat. 6. o. N. Ardres, a fmall town of France, in the department of the Straits of CaUis and late province of Picardy. Here was an in- terview between Francis I. of France, and Henrv VIII. of England, in 1520, where the two kings, and their attendants, dif- playcd their magnificence with fuch emu- lation, that the place of interview (an open plain, between the town and Guifnes) wa» named the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Ardres is feated in a morafs, eight mil^ S. of Calais. Lcn. i. 59. £. lat. 50. 50. N. Arijbo, or Arebon, a town on the Slave coaft of Guinea, at the mouth of the river Formofo. The Englifli had once a faftory here, as the Dutch have ftill, Lon. 5. 5. E. lit. 6. c. N. D Arskxa, -jrscjj i m]i,j ' imiiimtwrni- Jk U H ARf.KEA,ufcaportoftheRtdSca, 5S .hfc^" of Wc«,h.Ii.. Bn^capua^ of^a rniintv of the fame name. It li Kateu on ^' ARSsn°F.R"; ^'.own of Germany, in thc^'drcle of Wc^kphalra, on a h-lU m the ^mintv of the fame name, by the uvcr RocrJ.omilesN.E of Cologne. Lon. r^tnor of the qth century, as a defence ^ ft the irruptions of' the Saxons aird E tt eSracrofs the country. .about nine miles in Icni^th. „„„.„„ Arfnswaldf, a town of Germany, in^e New Marche of Brandenburg, on rl\?sU. on the frontiers oPomc- t'Sdfn'rWer in aferule country 490 miles S. W E. of Lima. Lon. 7 5- ■^'iUEiTo;'an\"ci;m.pircopaltown of ■ Italv!inTufcany. Guy Aret n. a Bene- j-A^^, monk was born here m the i ith JS V. theUentor of the -fical notes. ccniuiY, J. J jj^ g moun- .Sin,'^;S mi£;W. of CUta-di-Caftelto. ^l„V!Ksc^:sttt^;n";>^FVa^^^ rivVr Mcauce, in the deparnnent of Cal- vact's and hte province of Normandy. .0 , ,„He* E. of Ci*en. Lon. o. 2. W. lat. 49- ''argent AW. a town of FraiKe, in the • deoartment of Orne and late prov.nce of ■ NormaTdv. It is feared on an emm.ncc, T„ the middle of a fertile plain, on the LksoftheO_rne,a«dcarr.so„a^^^^^^ fidcrable trade in l""" ^^.Va^i,"^' Lon W. of See/, and i .0 W. of Fans. i.on. °-A\u;EKTlin.Ntownof.hcifleof Fra^,- on the riVer Gcine, five nules N. W of Pnri* It is a very beauttful place, IhlSrviney^rd. ^^' %f^^Xll diaine priory, ^^cv pretended to have ■the fcamlcfs coat of Chnft In the eny rons arc quarries of ti.e plafter of Pans. Argen'tiera, a barren ifland of the Archipelago. Its name is taken from the ;,Ivcr mines in it. They have no water but what is kept in cifttrns. The inha- bitants are Greeks, and very hcent.ous. There is but one village m tlie idand. Lon. -.3- «o-E-'»'-3^- 5°-'^,- Argen'tiere, a town of France, in the la'-e province of Provence, now a diU tria of the department of Ardeche. It is five miles 5. W. of Aubenas, and 17 W. of Vivicrs. Lon. 4. »»• E- i«, 44. ^°Ar'gknton', a town of France, in the late province of Berry, divided into two bv the river Creufc. It i» now a diftrift of the department of Indre. and is 37 miles S. W. of Bourges. Lon. i. 38. t. ^""^'a^rgos a'fcaport of Turkey in Eu- rope, in the Morca. on a bay. 15 m''" S. oftorinth. Lon. i J. 5- E. >«■ 37-.30.N. ArgostOi, a feaport of tlie ifle of Cefalonia, over-againlt Albania. It is the beft harbour in all the ifland, and the provcditorrefides in the fortrcfs, which is five miles diftant. , , , . .l. Argu.s, an iOand of Afr.ra, on the weftern coaft of Negroland. with a fort of the fame name. It was taken by the Dutch from the Portuguefe 111 i6}8 ; at- ,er^vard the French took K from he Dutch. It is 30 m.l« S E. of Cap Blanco. Lon. . 7- *o. W, lat. »o. 30. N. ARGUN.a riTcr of Afia, which divid.s the Ruirtan from the Chincfe empire. Argun, a town of Eaftern Tartary, on the frontien of the Chinefe ~^p.re. There are mines of filver and It t near it ; and a pearl fiftery in the nver Ar- Eun. Lon. 103. S*- E. lat. 4»- 1°- N- ARGVLESHiRE.a coOTity of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Invernefsfhire, on the E. by the counties of Perth and Dain- bTrton. on the S. and W. by the Atlant, Ocean by which it is broken 'ntO iflanj and peninfulas. It is not quite 100 m.ks long from the Mull of Cantyre to us N. E. extremity: its breadth is uncouali about 30 miles where greateft, and m fome part*, only one or two. /l ^""^ ^\ VV. is a peninfula, detached fro^ the reft of the county. It contmns the diftnft. of Ardnamurchan. Morven, Sunart a^i Ardoowar ; the two laft remarkable tot numerous veins of lead, which, however are not very produftive. The peninfula of Cantvre and Cowall are 'l^^wife v r lar^c. The foil of Argyleftiire, m tt^t Utigiounds, though httle fitted for cul. I tivation, affords excellent pafturc. A RHUS EN, a town of DenmarK, i" North Jutland, with a good harbour. Mi a bilbop's fee. It IS advantageoufly featej R H ts name is taken from the They have no water in ciftcrns. The inha- ;ks, and very licentious. DC village in tlie iflanii. lat. 36. 50. N. IK, a town of France, in c of Provence, now a dil". partmcnt of Ardcche. It W. of Aubepas, and 17 Lon. 4. »i. E. lat, 44. , a town of France, in the f Berry, divided into two •eufe. It i» now a diftrift ncnt of Indre, and is 37 Bourgcs. Lon. 1. 38. H. fcaport of Turkey in Eu- [orea, on a bay, »5 miles S. Lon. a J. 5.E. lat. 37. 30-N. ,, a feaport of the ifle of er-againit Albania. It is ur in all the ifland, and the des in the fortrcfs, which is ant. an ifland of Africa, on the of Negroland, with a fort of mc. It was taken by the he Portuguefe in 1638 ; af- French took it from the is 30 miles S. E. of Cane .1. 17. 20. W. lat. 10. 30. N. 1 ri-vcr of Afia, which dividts from the Chincfe empire. a town of Eaftern Tartary, tien of the Chinefc ^pire. nines of filver and 1< ■ t near earl fifl»ery in the river Ar- 103. 56. E. lat. 4Z. 10. N. ^sHiRK, a cotmty of Scotland, the N. by Invcrnefsfhirc, on ic counties of Perth and Dnm- he S. and W. by the Atlantic which it is broken into iflands ►las. It is not quite 100 miks he Mull of Cantyre to its N. ty : its breadth is unequal ; nilcs where greateft, and, in , only one or two. To the N. ninfuia, detached from the reft ity. It cnntmns the diftrifts of Chan, Morveir, Sunart, ar.d ; the two laft remarkable for veins of lead, which, however, •y produftivc. The penmfulas : and Cowall are likewife very he foil of Argyle(hire» in the [ids, though Kttlc fitted for cul- 1 JTurds excellent pafture. iEN, a town of Denmark, iij ■land, with a good harbour, aril fee. It is advantageoufly fcatcd I Oft I ARM ~ M the coaft of the Baltic Sea, at the mmith bf the river Guda, which runs through it, and it is furrounded by forefts full of game. It is 15 miles 9> of Wibiirg. Lon. 9. 50. E. lat. 56. 5. N. Ariano, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, in the Further Principa- to, with a bifhop's fee. It is fifteen miles R of Bcnevento, and to N. \V. of Tie- Vicp. Lon. 1;. 19. £. lat. 41. 8. N. Arfano, a town of It;ily, in the Per- rarcfe, on a branch of the river Po, 11 miles N. £>. of Ferrara. Loa. ii. S. E. lat. 4;. o. N. Arica, a feaport of Peru, almoft de- ftroyed by an earthquak: in 1605. It never rains here ) and there are many farms employed in the cultivation of Guinea pepperj in which they have a great trade to Lima. They have a great quantity of the dung of a bird called gana, which renders the uiil fo fertile, that one corn will produce ;oo. It is ;;o miles S. E. of Lima. Here they (hip the trea- fure which is brought from Potofi. Lon. 71. 6. W. lat. 18. 17. S. Aripo, a town on the weft coaft of the ifland of Ceylon, at the mouth of the river Sarunda. It belongs to the Dutch ; and tol>y Florence and Pila, falls into the fca t little below the latter, AiiNiiHKiM, a town of Germany, in the palatinatL' uf the Rhine, eiglit miles ftom Crutzcnnch. Arnstadt, a town in Thurinciia, on the river Gcra, to miles S. W. of Erfort. Lon. II. 1;. E. tat. ;o. <;4. N. Arona, a town of Italv, in the duchy 6f Milan, with a ftrong caltic, on the lake M^ggiorc, 30 miles N. W. of Milan. Lon. 8. 3 5. E. lat. 4;. 40. N. Aronches, a town of Portugal, in Alcntcio, on the confines of Spain, on the riVer Caro, five miles S. F.. of FoRalegra. Lon. 7. o. W. lat. jg. 3. N. Akool, a town of the RufTian em- pire, in the government of Kiof, feated on the river Occa, 200 miles S. of Mofcow. Lon. }6. 40. E. lat. 51. 58. N. Arosra Y, a town of^the ifland of Ma- dura, near Java. Lon. 114. 30. E. lut. t. 30. S. Arpino, a town of the Terra-di-Lavo- ra, in Naples, eieht miles N. of Aquino. Lon. 13. 4C.'E.1[at. 41. 44. N. ARqUA. a town of Italy, in the Pa- duan, a territory of Venice, remarkable for the tomb uf Petrarch. It it 10 miles S. «f Padua. Lon. 1 1, 58. E. lat. 45. ■ 3. N. Arql'ES, a town of France, leated on a fmall river of the fame name, in the department of Lower Seine and late pro- vince of Normandy. It is famous for the- viftory gained here by Henry IV. over the duke of Mayenne, general of the League, in 1^89. It has an ancient caf- tle, and is four miles S. E. of Dieppe. ' Lon. 1. 13. E. lat. 49. 53. N. Arragon, a province of Spain, bound- ed on the N. by the Pyrcncan mountains, d by Lewis Xlll. in 1640. of the fortifications were uban. It it divided into two imcd the city, which is the and ^e other the towr, irn, and feared on the river IcsS. W. ofDouay* and »i nbray. Lon. ». s'- E. lat. E, a department of France,' late provinces of Couferans is fo named from a river, » the Pyrenees, and palling Pamicrs, falls into the Ga- fouloule. Gold duftU found I fmall ifland of Denmark, in », ttt the N. of the ifland of in. 10. so. E. lat. 55. to. N. de-St.-Servan, a towrf Eftramadura, eight miles S. nd 15. E. of Badajoz. Lon. . 38. j6. N. i} a town of the Ruffian cm- jn the river Mokcha-reca, o;» Aftracan, 3*3° "^'l" *• ^f ^' and 500 N. by W. of Aftra- confiderable and ancient fca- •ope, in Lower Albania; a jiftiop's fee. It carries on a trade, and is feated on the ;s, 70 miles N.N.W. of Le. iii.20.E.lat. jo-**^- t?- a late province of the French ; bounded on the N. and the E. by Flandas ; and by ^ Haw- AS C^ HaJnault, Cambrefii, and Picardy, on the 6. and W. It is now included in the de- partment of the Straits of Calais. Ardba, an ifland near Terra Firma,in S. America ; lubjcA to the Dutch. Lon. t^. 35. w. lat. li. 30. N. * Ari;n, a river which rifcs in the weftern border of SufTex, and falls into the fca, below Arundel. It is famous for mullets. Arundel, a town in Suflex, with a good market on Wcdncfday, and .t fmall one on Saturday. It is feated on the fide of a hill, on,the Arun, which i&herc navig- able for barges cnlv. The caftle, the an- cient feat of the clukcs of Norfolk, (lands on the fumniit of the hill, and is faid to be a mile in compafs. The polfcffion of this caftle confer;, an earldom on its proprietor ; and, by this right thu duke ot Norfolk is earl of Arundel. It is eight miles E. of Chichefter, and 68 S. W. by S. of London ; i& governed by a mayor aiid burgclTcs, and fends two membtrs to parliament. Lon. 0. 29. W. lat. 50. 55. N. Arzilla, an ancient and handfome feaport of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, once in the poflelfion of the Portu- gucle, who abandoned it. It is i;o mile S. S. W. of Tangier. Lon. 6. 3, VV. 35. 30. N, ^ * Arzina, a river of Ru^an Lap> land, into a bay of which, in i$;3, two EngUfli velTcU, which had penetrated as high as the 7 2d degree of latitude to the coaft of Spitzbergtn, were forced by ftrefs of weather ; and the crews of both were frozen to death. AsAD-ABAD, a handfome town of Perfia, 68 miles N. £. of Amadou, Lon. 48. a;. E. lat. 36. 20. N. AsAFH, St. an epifcupal city of Flint- Ihire, in North Wales, on the river El- way, where it unites with the Clayd \ and over both it a bridge. It is a flgo r place, of note only for its cathcdralflBit nas a fmall market on Saturday. It^R^ miles W, of Chefter, and 209 N. W. of Lon- doa. Lon. 3. 36. W. lat. 53. 12. N. Ascension, a barren, uninhabited ifland, in the Southern Ocean, about 600 miles N. W, of St. Helena, in 7. 40. S. lit. and 14. 18. W.. lon. It has a I'afe harbour, at which the Eafl-India fliips often touch, to furnifh themfclves with turtles, which are here plentiful and large. AscHAFFENBURC, a town of Ger- many, fubjei5t to the elector of Mentz, whohasapatacc here, in which George II. took up his quarters tlte night before the battle of Dettingcn, in 1743. It is 40 miles £. of Mcntz. Lon. 9. $. £. lat. 50 4< N. ^ AscHERLEBEN, a tovvR of Germany, "T" :a s milefti '•Si in the principality of Anhtlt, feated on the river tine. AscoLi, a large and populous town of Italy, in the marquilate 0/ Ancona, and territory of the Church. It is a bilhop's fee, feated on a mountain, at the foot uf which runs the Fronto ; (io miles N. R. of Rome. Lon. i^. 29. E. lat. 42. 44. N. Ascoli-di-Satri;\.\o, an cpikopl city of Italy, in tlic kingdom of Naples, leattd on a mountain 70 miles E. of Na- pics. Lon. 15. no. E, lat. 41. 8. N. ** Ascot Hkath, a famous race, ground, four miles from WinJfor, in tlif road from the Great Park to Reading. Here the king's ftag-hounds arc kept. " AsF.tK, or AfifctRGUK, a ftrong fortrels of the foubah of Candeifti, in th» Dcccan of Hindooflaii, jo miles N. E. of Burhanpour. Lon. 76. o. E. lat. 21. 31;. N. AsHBORN,a Lrgc town m Dtrbylhiie, with a market on Saturd.ny. It is rcate4 between the rivers Dove and Compton, 10 miles N. E. of Utoxeter, and 139 N, N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 44. W. lat; 53. 3- N. AsHBURTOV, a town in Dcvonftiiro, with a market on Tuefday for wool and yarn only, and on Saturday for provi- fions. It fends two members to parli».f ment, and is one of the four ftannary; towns. It is icated among the hUl«» which arc remarkable for tin and copper } and has a very handfome church. It flanda near the river Dart, 19 miles S. W. o£ Exeter, and 192 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 50. VV. lat. 50. 30. N. AsHBV D* LA Zoucu, a town in Leiceflerfliire, with a market on Satur-' day. It had a caftle with a very high tower,fome ruins of which arc ftill ftanding. It has alfo a good frcefchool, and is 13 miles S. of Derby, and 1 1 5 N. N. W. (i London. Lon. 1. 2;. W. lat. 5a. 45. N. AsHFORD, a town in Kent, with a, market on Saturday. It Is 24 miles S. E. of Maidftone, and 57 S. E. by E. of London. Lon. o. 52. E. lat. 51, 4. N^ AsHTED, a village of Surry, fituatcd near Epfom, on one of the moft delightful fpots in England. AsHTON-UNDKR-LiNE, a village of Lancafhirc, 7 milts E. of Manchefter. It has a manufaftory of cotton, and an iron foundry, both very confiderable. AsHWELL, a Vil%eof Hertforaflsiic^ in Doomfday Book called a borough, hav- ing 14 burgcffes and a mayor. Near the church are the remains of a Roman camp^ which confifts of 12 acres of land. inc!o!e4' by a deep ditch, and formerly a ramparti It is fituatcd near Caldicot, on t,hc bor. dcrs of Cambridgefliire. D 3 ASIA, A S O ASIA, one of the four gre.if pam of the woild, fmi.iteij between 15° and 180' E. Ion. and between the equator and fo* N. lat. It i$ 4,740 miles in Icnjjth from the Dardaiall';;. on tlic VV. to tl»e E. Ihore of Tariaiy ; anil 4.3X0 milci in hrcaith, from the moft fouthern part of Maljcca to the mott northern cape of Nova Ztmbla j being fupcrior in extent, as well as in many otuer rel'pefts, to Africa and Europe. It is bounded on tht N. bv ilie Fro/cn Ocean ; on the W. by the Red Sea (whith divides it from Africa) and by the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, the Don, and 'he Ob^', which divide it from Kuropc. On tlic E. it is bounded by tin Pacific Ocean, whicli divides it from Aint.rica ; and, on the S. by tlie Indian Ocean. 'I'hc^princi- pal countries in this coiuiuent, are Sibe- ria, Tartary, Cliina, Thibet, Hindooftan, Si.m. Riirinih, F'erfia, part of /. nbia, Syria, Paltftinc, Natolia, biarbekar, Irac, Turcomania, Georgia, Curdiflan, .Stc. 1"he various particulars of government, religion, foil, climate, and produttion , may be found imder the names of the rcfpetlivc countries. It is here I'uf- ficient to obfcrvc, that this quarter of the globe derives particular confidera. tion, from having been the fcene of tlie moll important tranfadtions relpeftinj^ the human race, as recorded in the holy fcrintures ; as the creation of man, the eftablinimcnt of the Hebrew nation and religion, the promult^ation of Chriftia. nity, &c. Asia the T,ess. Sec Natolia. AsiiTO, a town i.f Italy, in the pope's territories, 66 miles N. of Rome. Lon; It. 40. E. lar. 43. o. N. AsiNARA, an idand in the Mediterra- nean, on the N. W. coaft of Sardinia, 17 miles from SalTari. Jt is i8 miles in tompaft. Lon. 8. 30. £. lat. 41. o. N. AsKEATON, a town of Ireland, in the county of Limerick, on the river Shan- nnn. It fends two members to' parlbment. AsiCttiG,a town in the N. riding of Yorklhire. It has a market on Thurfday, tnd is fix miles S. by E. of York, and 143 N. of London. Lon. i. o. W. 53. AsNK. Sec EsNF. Asoi.A, a town of Brifciano, in Italy, . ketoneing to Venice, 20 miles S. E.'of Prefcia. Lon.io. 30. E. lat. 45. 48. N. AsOLO, a town of Italy, in Trevifano, •n a mountain 17 miles N. W. of Trcvifo. t.on. II. 36. E. lat. 4$. ;().N. ' * Asoi^H, a fea which was anciently called tlie Folm Klzoti^, between Europv ASS and ARa, to the N. of .b Tlluk Set, with which it comrounic . by the ftrait of CafTa, the ancient ^ 'immerian Bofporus. This fea, whic'i '■' nttitnet called the Tea of Zabak, exteiiU> 390 mikt fr((m S. W. to N. E. and i^ about 600 miles in circumference. It was worlhip. ped as :t deity by the MalTaget*, 4 £ tonic of Scythia. Lon. from 35. to 41. ',. lat. from 45. to 47. N. AsoHii, a diftrift of the Rufli.in empire in the government of Caihirinenflaf. Behde the fortreflfes of Afoph, Tagaiiroc, and Pctrof.k, it include, a large tr.irt of tcrrit(jry to the E. and \V. of Afoph, If was ceded by the Turks in 1774, and fince that i)eriod, feveral new town, have l>ceii built by the viiftorinus Catharine ; one of which, Cathurinendaf (that is, " the glory of Cathaiipt") is now the capital, Aodnr, the latc'capital of a diftrift of the fame name, in Afia, between the rivers Don and Cuban. It is feated near the mouth of the Don, a' Ihtle to the E, of the fea of Afoph. It has been feveral times taken and retaken by the Turk; tRulHans : b\it, in 17J9, it was agreed ( the fortifications (hould be demo- d, and the town fubjeft to the latter. It is no longer of the importance ik was in the reign of Peter the Great ; the branch of the Don, upon which it ftands, being now fo choked with fand, as fcarcc- ly to adrnit the fmallcft veflel. The mer- chandife, therefore, is ufually depofitcd at Taganroc or Petrofck ; and the frigates and mcrchant-ihips, which were formerly conrtruftcd at Afoph, are now built either at St. Dcmitri or Roftof, and pafs down the Don into the fea of Afoph, through another brapch of that rivCr. Lon. 41. 30. E. lat. 47. 18. N. AspMjjasA, a town of Turkey in Eu- rope, wH^ilhop's fee, on the coad of the Arcmperago, 21 miles S. E. of Nifopoli. Lon. 14. 50. E. lat. 40. 58. N.- * Assam, a country of Afia, bounded on the W. by Bengal and Bootan, on the N. by tKc ipouniains of 'fhibct, and on the S. E. and S. by Mccklcy. The river Burrampoot'er flows through the whole length of it. Its capital is ^crgon. The liatives prefer the flcJh of dogs to any Other kind of animal food. They pay no taxes, the king being the fole proprietor of all the gold, filver, and other metals, found in his kingdom. They live comfortably j almoft each houfekeepcr having an ele- phant, for the conVeniency of his wives. The invention of gunpowder is afcribed to the Afiiamefe. It is certain that gun- " ' ' ,'. V. .. . . jpowder '•?t of A S J Jhxtwnjrvm , AUTHORI \19\. ^ 1 ^ h^ 7-«i ^ -Axnirstitp ^ O Loavitiule.fV' E< h'rufrxM rt/ /iv ilft V '^^JilJ-^ A ST- A^TOROA, an cpifcopl town ofLerm- in S|),«in, well fiitiilKil l)\ »rt unH inture, ftaled in a nliuUnt pit n, t \ miki S. W. ot I,u(in. l,on. s,. ^<. VV. Uf. 4*. la. N. AsruAiiAii, a tuwu of Vvtfu, ci|>i. tal of u prcivinic of ilii: r.mic name, on tlic Citr)iii4.i Sci, too inilf. N. of Ilpniian. Lon. 5 V Jv ^- l-it. ]''• so. N. As IK AC AN, an cpiltopai city i.f the Rulliai) empire, capiial of a provmct of tht Luiit n.iinc It is Inri^c sutl p ipu lout, Mill! lujK ;i j^r): il Inrh ;ir, hIiltl the Eurontair. riiibarl* for Hcrlm. It it (ur- rounded by ilronj; vvalU, and i« fainoits AftsF.Ns, a feaport of Denmark, in the for ixcillcnt ftlh. It lildotn riiits here : iiland of Fuiicn. It is rlic cnnimon pad'agc hur the river Volga, on wliicli it llandf, from the duchy of Sltfvick to Coptn- ov^flows like the Nile; and when th« hagen, and is 17 miles S. W. ot Odenfey. water ii run off, tUc gral'. >;ro\v» in Icfi Lon, 10. i. E. lat. sv >7. N. tl'*" a month. From Allracan to Tcrki, Assibio, an tpilcopal town of Italy, in on the fuk- of the Cafpian Sea, arc lonjj- the duchv of Spoltto, on the fidt of a marfhes, which prmi'.ict a valt ijiiantitjr rery high mountain. Tiic cathedral is mug- of (alt, wirJi which tiut Rulti.in'* c;irrv on AST ptrwder wis known in China and Hin. doolUn, far beyond all piriiHli of iiivcfti- ration i and, in the code of (icntoo lawi, 11 a prohibition of the life of nrc-urnis. AfTam lie! bctwtrn 01* and qb" E. lun. and i5» and »»• N. lat. AssANCALK, a ftrong town of Arme- nia, on the river Are«, ti miltv K. of Kr- icrun>. There are hot bathi much fre- quented. Loi. 41. 10. E. lat. 39. 46. N. AiSAlfCHiF, a town of Alia, ia Diar- bcck, fc.ired on the river Tigrii, 40 milei S. E. of Diarbekar. Lon. 40. 20. E. lat, ih 30. N. nificcnt, and compofed of three churches, one above another. It is 70 miles N. of Borne. Lon. n. 38. E. lat. 43. o. N. Assos, a feaport town of Natolia, feated on a h^ of the ArchipcLuto, miles S. E. of Tp.as, lubjcft tothc T Lon. lb. 36. E. lat. 39. 31. N. i Assumption, an epifcopd'city, capital of Paraguay, in S. America. I populous, and lianili la a fertij^^nu The air it> wholtfomc and temperat the trees always Kreeu. It is ferfi the river Paraguay. Lon. 57. 40 lat. 16. o. S. ■ '* Assy NT, a diftrift in the weftern part of Sutherhnunu^. a great trade. 'J'liis city is fuppoted to have been, in very early times, the Rcne- r.il ftaplf for the prgduttions of Ptrfia, Indi:i, and Arabia. In tlie j 4th century, when tilt Venetians were in poQclfion of he trade of the hlack Sea, thiv drew rom this port, to their ftaple at Tanais, e Aliatit produftions with which they ^iplied the foiithern parts of Europe ; while tiic articles dcfigncd for the N. were coivwycd to the RuKian town of Ladoga, on the Vulkhow, whence thejr were tranfported to the to^^ n of Wi/by on the ifle of Gothland. The dcftrue- tivc expeditions of Tamerlane had in,» deed forcibly diverted the trade of Ada exhibits an alTcmblagc of /battered moun- from this eliaiinel to that of Smyrna and tains, heaped, as it were, upon each other; Aleppo; but, although the new road it and feemingly torn and convulfed in a the moll cmvtnient for the produftion* truly tremendous manner. Toward the of Arabia, the fituatiou of AAracan ap rugged pcninfula of AflTyn fevcral vaft conic hills, th whith is diltinguilhed by the Sugar Loaf, Assyria, a country cclebratci cicnt hiftory, and whiAcumpr the provinces in Afia nWv beck, Curdiftan, and Irac cars to be better calculated for the trade f Perfia and uorthi"-n India.. The re- covery of this place, therefore, gave fifir |o many fplendid fpeculations ; the pro- jeft of re-cftabhlhing its commerce was formtd by fevcral -fucceeding fovereign* ; was nearly perfected by Peter the Great ; and is not yet entirely relinquiflied. Al- AsTAUAT, a very handfomc town of tracan is leated on an ifland formed Afia, in Arnicnia, thiec miles from the by the river, 50 milts N. W. of the Caf- river Aras, and 12 S. of Nakfivan. This pian Sea. Lon. 47. 40. E. lar. 46. 21. N. is the ii. !y country that produces ronas. » r''-^L which dies a beautiful red, Lon. iS. 30. E. lat. 3S. 28. N. A ST I, a handfomc and ancient town "f Montferrat, jn Italy. It is a bilhop's fee, and w ns taken by the French in 1745 > but the kiiig of Sardinia retook it in 1746. It is feated on the Tanaro, 22 miles E. of Turjn. Lon. 8. 8. E. lat, 43- 3- N. Astrop-VVeli.s, near Hanbury, ih Oxfordiliirc, much reforicd to on account of the virtues of their waters. Asturias, a proviiicc of Spain, 120 miles in length, and 45 in brt;Mth, bound- ed on the E. by Uil'cay, on the S. by Old Caftile and Leon, on the W. by Galicia, and on the N. by the ocean. It is di- vided into two parts, Aihlria d'Oyiedo, anJ AlUiti;) dc Stntillana. Thi« province »4 « 1 AT H vcrfd with trees, which Ihelter from the Ccorch- un, a beautiful profpec^- 'ood for the natives ; yet great portion of gently rs it, in fome degree, fu- fore-mentioncd favourite more capable of improve- tives are cannibals 5 for f.fficicnt proof of their f their enemies. For place, fee Sandwich ifcopal town of Italy, ia •Isples, on a craray ir,oun- s from the gulf of Ve- E, of Teramo. Lon. ij. 11. N- i, a town in Norfolk, m Tuefday, 14 miles N. and 93 of London, Lon. 35. N. a city and fortrefs of per, on the E. bank of the j 4 to (land or the fstc of/ the) AU ^ A U C ■ppmiiMMamHOT ■en Ti theTaxila of Alexander, where he c^offed that river. It was built by the emperor Acbar, in 1581; and js 180 miles N. W. of Lahore. Lon. 70. 36. E. lat. 31. 27. N. ' Attock, a river, which rifcs in the Tartarian Mountains, N. of HindcKi- Ihn, and paffing by Cabui, flows into the Indus, above Attock. ' AvA, a large river of Afia, Avhich tifes in Thibet, and crofling the king- doms of Burmah and Pegu, falls into the bay of Bengal, by fcvcrat mouths. * AvA, a lal'ge city in Afia, the ca- pital of tlu; kingdom of Buiniah. It is feated on the river Ava. The ftrects arc very ftraight, and the hoiifes arc buift •^itli tetk planks and bamboos. The royal naiace is a mean ftrufturt, although •cry large, and built with ftone. The inhabitants are well-fliaped, have gf)od features, and an olive complexion ; but the womi;n, who arc I'mall, are vvfiitcr :han the men : theT black hair is ticil be- hind ; and when they ^o abroad, they wear a piece of cotton cloth loofe on the top of their heads. Ava is 1 1 50 miles N. E. of Calcutta. Lon, 96. 30. E, 21. o. N. * Ava, a long traft of OMft ini on the E. fide o£ *e^fiu™ef iJea] extending from the feuthei^ cxtremi' Aracan to Cape Negraia?, and from Pegu on the E. by the rivei The whole kingdom of Burmah ncoiifly called Ava, from its capil named. AvALOK,an ancient town of France, in the department of Yonne and late pro- vince- of Burgundy. It carries on a great trade, and is furroundcd by hills, covered by fine vineyards. It is 20 miles S. E. of Auxerrc. Lon, 3. 52. E. lat. 47. 30. N. ■•■ AvBE, a department oj" taining part of the late prov pagne. It takes its name froi wniqp I" Arcis, fall s into th able river, whiqj» patfing Aube, ; Nogent AuheKas, a town 6fc FrartU^ in the department of Ardcche a'ld late province of Daiiphiny. It has a manufaftnrc of cloths of Spanifti wool, and of red cotton, iu imitation of Indian handkerchiefs. Befide corn and wine, irs diffridf produ- ces truffles, oranges,' figs, olives, chefnuts (which are fent to Paris) nnti vvalnuf-. Tlve mulberrv-tree fuccctdi; perfcftly well here. They wind the iWk by a ma- chine invented by M. de Vaucan^on, which coniilH of three wheels, turned by s canal brought from the Ardeche : thefe wheels move 36 lowms, each co«fii\- ing of fix double rows of fpindles in the length of 15 feet. Aubenas is featefl oa the rivef Ardcche, at the foot of the Cev:nnes, one mile and a half from the mineral water: of Vali, and 1 5 miles N. W. of Yivicrs. Lon. 4. 30. E. lat. 44. 40. N. AuBlGNY, a fmall town of France, in the department of Cher and late province of Berry. It 1ms a caftle, and is (eatcd in a fine plain, on the river Nerrc. Tn 1442, Charles VII, granted the eliatc of Aubigny to John Siuart, conttable of Scotland, ia recompencc for the fcrvice he had ren- dered him in France, to hold to bin; anct his heirs male, in direft line, with remain- dei^ the crowji, on failure of ilfuc male a famous for a battle between vifccuBt. Trcmouillc and the duke of Orleans, af- terward. Lewis XII, in 1488, when the latter was made prifoner. It is ten miles E. of Rtnnes. Lon. i, 23, W. lat. 48;. ,. N. AuBONE, a town of SwiffcrJaDd, ih the canton of Bern, on a river of the l^ipf ■ name, la miles VV. of Laulanne. Lun, 6. 3^E. lat. 46. 30. N, Auburn, a town of Wiltfhirc, with, a market on Pucfdav, on a branch of tli? , Kcnnet, eight miles N. E. of Marlbof ' rough, and 81 W. of London. Lou, i, 32. W. lat. 51, 31, N. Aubusson, a town of France, in th^ department of Crcufc and late territory of INlarchc. It has a nianufaffory of ta- pedry, wW'.ch renders it a populous trading place; and is jeated on the rivtr Crcufc,' 37 miles N. E. of Limoges. Lon. 2. »c, E. lat.4<. 58, N. '' Ai'CAUOKEL, a town of Africa, ca- pital of the kingdom of Adel, feated on i mouiituLn. Lon. 44. 15. E. lat. 9, 10. N. AuCH, 'ill 'ill jf«' AVE AccM, a wwn of France, in tlie de- . «f n,'r^ latclv an archicpilcnpal r"n? t ctapi'ti o7 Gafcony.' The gre'atcft p.rt of i" v. featcfl on the fumn^. fml ckclfvity of a hill, at .he foot of xv'h.ch *uns the Gcrs. The inhabitants arc com- iut d 'o be 8000. The cathedral, of SchClovisisfuppofedtobc the fouml- -r is one of the fincft m France. Bcl.dc r,' ccUfiafticnl canons in the ^te chapter there were five lay canons, f -^^^'l^'l x,zB the king ci France, auJ theft had a Ihare m the revenues, on alfifting m the Sr. A few years ago Auch was ^xry flUbuilt hut it has been adorned lately wthlnany modern ftruaures. Theyhav. rantt^aorics of velvet /-^'"ges cra^, hats, and leather. Auch is 37 nr. J" W. of Toiiloufe. Lon. o. 4°- ^- 1*^' *3- "avcklamd. Bishop's a town in the biJhopric of Durham, w.th a market on Thu^day. It is pleafantly feated on the fide of a hill, ana noted for us caftle, beautifully repaired about .oo years ago; for^R chapel, whofc architefture is very carious-, aVfor its bridge. It .s eight LTes S! by W of Durham, and Z5. N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 3«- W. lat. ^•^ AuDE, a department of France, pari of the bte province of ^^^"g"^; Pf" ..; receives us name from a river, which r fes in the Pyrenees, and flowing by Qn.Uaa "nd Limoax. falls into the Mcducrranean btlow Narbnnne. . AvEi-^o, a town of Portugal on the miles S. of Oporto. Lon. 8. jo. V\ • lat. '^°; AvfiRON, a department of France, includins; th. l.ro province ot Rouerg^ue It ,s named from a nver, which riles , Z^r Scvcrac-le-Chateau, and ftowmg by ' Sez a.^ Villcfranche, falls into the ; r.irnnne. below Montauban. ' Av" LLINO, an cplfcopul town of the Vmgdom of Naples, almoft ruined by an earthquake in .694. It'"' ^5 '^'1« ^-.J' 6 Tf Naoles. Lon. i v o. E. bt. ,40. 50- N. ^ ' *^ WfnCHE, a town of Swifferland in the' canton of Bern, formerly "]"">"/ Swifferland, but now greatlv decayed. It r.5 miles W. of Bern. Lon. 0. 51. ^■AvERNol°"a^ake in the kingdom of Naolcs, in a narrow valley, two niiles long, I\jJ Sroad Virgil and others have ^IldthTt the vi^terwa^fo bad. tlvu birds iropt dead when flying over u, and hence S call it the lake of hell ; but it is now , Sd o have nn poifonous quahtv ; for Sd. iot only «y ova i,. but l.lvn upon AUG it A little to the W. of the lake U a cave, where fome pretend they «"="« f?]^' merlv to confult the Cumsean Sybil. There are alfo fome old walls, which fome fuppofe to be the ruinj of a temple ot Apollo, and others of Pluto. , „ ^^ iVvKRSA, a town in the ktngaom o^ Naples, with a hilhop's fee. It »J''T ,„ [fine plain, eight miles R of Naples. Lon. 14. 20. E. lat. 40- 59- ^. AVFS, or the Illand of Birds, one of the Caribbee;. 4^0 miles S. of ^<>»o V.^c., with a enod harbour for the careening ot (hips. It is fo called from the gr"t num.- bcr of birds that frequent it. There ii another of the fame name lying;" 'f'^' of this, lat. ,c. .. N. and a third near the eaftern coaftof Newfoundland, In lat. 50. ^'Avesn-es, a fmall town of Fratice, in the department of the North and late province of Hainault, feated on the Hef- Jer, 1; miles E. of Cambray. and 100 N. k. of Paris. Lon. 3.58. E. lat. so- 8- N- Augsburg, a handfome, large, and ancient town of Suabia. in Germany, a bifliop's fee, and an imperial city, or to- veiiikn ftate, being governed by the town- ^a and the reprcfentativcs of the her*, ySo are*half Prot.ftants and Pauifts. TRe churches, townhoufe, "[her public buildings, arr magnificent. ■ irroundcd by beautiful plains, and Srefts full of all forts of game. In tUffWlliop's palace here, the Lutherans prcfentbd their confcffion of fauh to the emperor Charles, in the Vcar » 5^°. h^^" called the confenion of Augfburg; which ocgafioned a civil war hetween the Fro- teftants and Papifts. The biihop » one of the ecclefiaftical princes of the empire, but has no Ihare in the government ot the town. It.^^ take;, by the French in ^f abandoned it in the year :r the battle of Blenheim. nween iii<. river Wcrdach mile's N; W. of Munich. v.. lat. 48. 17. N. • nu^sTA, the capital of tl-.- ateot Gccrcia in N. America, fitust. on the S W. bank of the river Savannah, 134 miles from the fen, and U7 from the town of Savannah. The town does not confift of quite aoo houfcs ; hut as it is feated 0. a fine plain, and enjoys the heft toil, vvith the advantage of a central fituation bt- tvveen the upptr and lower counties, it ?« rifing into importance. Lon. bz. o. w . '"'aJguste,' or AusTA, an in|Lnd in the eulf of Venice, on the coaft of Dalma- tia, near Ragufa. fubjeft to Venice. Lon. ,7. O.K. lat. 4^. 55. N. ^^^^^^ AunusTti rica, on the E the frontiers by the Span but reftorcd 1 of i7'<3. 1 f(X)t of a plti trtes ; but t approached b twelve feet v no means we it is the chief 81. 10. W. ! August) Br; lil, 300 r Saints. Lor AUGUST< ef Poland, i feated on tli ofBiellfk. i AVIGI-I/ ill Piedmont Lon. 7. 3R. AviGNO of France, fame name, pope, with vtrfity. It the popes, Rome. Th there was a reduced to t ed here, bu Spain and ] lowed to ha tageoufly ft miles E. o lately dccla Lon. 4. S3 Avii.A, Spain, in C and a man feared in mountains vineyards, Lon. 4. 35 AvILEI cipality of a; mile^ ^ lat. 43. 27 Avis, Alcntcjo, I caftle, nea military 01 their nam Lon. 7. 4c ' AUI.CE with a ma ancient tc undoubted from the i from the i it, and fro r. of the lake U a :nd they went for- ,e Cumsean Svbil. d walls, which (ome lini of a temple of Pluto. in the kingdom o. )'s fee. It is A;ated miles N. of Naples. .0. ^9. N. d o( Birds, one of the s S. of Porto Rico, for the careening of from the great num- iquent it. There « name lying to the N. and II third near the foundland, In lat. 50. all town of France, f the North and late t, feated on the Hcf- Cambray, and lOo N. . 58. E. lat. so- 8-^- handfome, large, and abia, in Germany, a 1 imperial city, or fo- governed by the town- eprcfcntativcs of the ^alf Prot.iftants and churches, townhoufe, idlngs, are magnificent. ■ beautiful plains, and all forts of game. In here, the Lutherans ifcffion of faith to the I the year \i,'-^o, hence 1 of Augfburg; which war between the Pro- s. The bifliop is one princes of the empire, the government of the ken by the French in andoned it in the year le battle of Blenheim, een m.. river Wcrdach e's N; W. of Munich. . 48. 17.N. he capital of tl-o ^ateot merica, fuusti on the le river Savannah, i34 , and u 7 from the town l)e town does not confift cs 1 but as it is feated o« rnjoys the bcft foil, with f a central fituation bc- and lower counties, it |s tance. Lon. 8i. o. W. : AusTA, an ifland in le, on the coaft of Dalma- fubjcft to Venice. Lon. •- N, . AU L AuousTiN, St. a town of N. Ame- rica, on the E. coaft of Florida. It lies on the frontiers of Georp'a, and was ceded by the Spaniards to the Englifti in 1763, but reftorcd to the Spaniards by the pc^ce of iT)<3. Tlie town is fitu;«cd at the f(X)t of a plealunt hill, well covered with trees ; but the cnaft is two fhallow to be approached by veffels that draw more than twelve feet water ; fo that this place h by A U R neild-ftreet, paffing through it. It is feven miles W. of Str.itford upon Avon, and io« Lon. I. 51. W. lat. N. W. of London. 52. i6.N. AuM's, a town of France, in the de- partment of Var and late province of Provence. Lon. 6. 30, E, ht. 43. 40. N. Al'MALK. See Al.BFMAHI.E. AvNis, lately a fniall territory «f Frnncc, in Poitou, and now fdr-r.ing part no means well' fitukted for trade'; through of the deparuiient of Lower Charentc. it is the chief town of Eaft Florida. Lon. "■ Avon, a uvcr which riles 11 Wilts, ii. 10. W. lac. 30. 10. N. coafts the edge of the New Foreft, and Augustine, a cape of S. America, in enters the Engliih Channel at Chriftchurch Br,:lil, 300 miles N. E. of the bay of A;1 Bay in Hamplhire. , . „ Snints. Lon. 35. 40. W. lat. 8. 30. S. Avos, a river that rifes in Leiceftcr- AUGUSTOW, a fmall but ftrong town fhire, and running S. W. by Warwick, ef Poland, in the palatinate of Polachia, continues i^s courle by Evelham, and falb feflted on the river Narieu, 44 miles N. into tlic Severn at Tewklbury. of Bifcl'.fk. Lon. 13. 40. E. lat. 53. 25. N. Avon, Lower, a river that rifes in AvicLlANO, a fmall town of Italy, Wiltfliire, and running VV. to Bath, be- ill Piedmont, fevcn miles VV. of Turin, comes navigable there, continues its courfe Lon. 7. 38. E. lat. 45. 5. N. to Briftol, and falls into the Severn N. VV. Avignon, h handfome and large town of that city, of France, capital of a territory of the Aurach, a fortified town of Suabia, fame name, which depended luely on the in the duchy of Wirtemberg ; leated at pope, with an archbilhop'. fee, and a unt- the foot of a mountain, on the rivulet vtrfity. It was formerly the refidence of Ermft, 15 miles E.of Tubingen. Lon. 9 the popes, who afterward returnedtj] Rome. Thecluirclics arc handfome, 'ai there was a famoiis bridge of ig arches, n' reduced to three. An inquifition wasc. td here, but not fo rigorous as thofe' Spain and Portugal, the Jews bein "' lowed to have a fynagogue. It is ai tageoufly feated on the river Rhone, 20 miles E. of Nifmcs. The French have lately declared it united to their rcpubhc. Lon. 4. 53. E.'lat. 43. ht N 21. E. lat. 48. 26. N. Avranches, an ancient and pretty town of France, in the department of the Channel and late province of Normandy ; feated on a mountain, at the foot of which flows the river See, one mile and a half from' the Engliih Channel, and 30 -E, of St. Malo. Lon. i. 18. W. lat. 48. 41. N. AuRAY, a feaport of France, on the gulf of Morbihan, in the department of. Avii.A, an ancient and ftrong town of that name and late province of iirctagne. Spain, in Old Caftile. It has a univerfity, and a nianufafture of fine cloth ; and is feared in a large plain, furrounded by mountains covered with friiMj^ aft^ vineyards, 40 miles N. W.SHBHnd Lon. 4. 35. W. lat. 40. 40 Lon. 53- eight miles W. of Vanncs. W. lat. 47. 40. N. AuRicK, a town of Weftphalia, in E, Friefland, with a caftle, where the count refides. It is feated in a plain furrounded by forefts full of game, 12 miles N. E. of Avii.ES, a town of Spain, in tj^Si-in- Embden. Lon. 7. 12. E. lat. S3' 18. N. cipality of Afturias, on the bay of :ilifcay, AURtLLAC, a populous trading town 25 mile^ N. of Ovcido. Lon. 6, ^ — - ' " lat. 43. 27. N Avis, a fmall town of Portugal, in Alentcjo, feated en an eminence, with a caftle, near the river Avis. Hence the military order of the knights of Avis have their name. It is 65 miles E. of Lilbon. Lon. 7. 40. W. lat. 38. 46. N. „ _ ' Aui.CEsTtR,atown of Warwickftiire, The middle of it is in 15.8, S. lat. and whh a market on Tuefday. It is a very 16S. 24. E. lon. It is one of the New ancient town and fortification, and was Hebrides. undoubtedly a Roman ftation, as appears * Aurungabad, a confiderable city from the coins of gold, filvcr, aud brafs, of Afia, in the Deccan of Hindoo- from the bricks often dug up in and near ftan. It is but a modern city j owing its it, and from the Roman way, called Jck- rife, from a fmall town, to the capital of Dowla- of France, on the river Jordaniiij, in the department of Cantal and late province of Auvergne. Qiiantities of lace and vel- vet are manufaftured here. It is 3* miles S. W. of St. Flour, and 350 S. of Paris. Lon. ». 22. E. lat. 44. 55. N. Aurora Island, an ifland in th cnhcr city of France ; particularly the temples of Janus and Cybelc. They have raanafaftoiies of tapeftry from cows hair and thread, carpets, and coverlets. Their delft ware is degenerated into earthen, ahhou^h, with little induftry, their argil would be ve/y proper for por- ceUin. The variety and polifli of the murbles in St. Martin's church merit at- tention ; and here is the tomb of the cruel Brunehaud, whom Gregory of Tours ' mentions as the monfter of the fixth cen- tury : flie was accufed of having poifoncd h«r fon Childeb'rt, and of having procured th« death of 10 kings: by the order of her grandfon Clovis 11, flie was tied to the tail of a wild mare, and thus miferably perifhed. The cathedral of St. Lazarus, the college, and the fcroinary, are likcwifc worthy of notice. Autun is 4; miles E. by S. of Nevers, and i6i S. E. of Pari*. Loo. 4. 13. B. lat. 46. 57. N. AuvERGKE, a late province of France, ■bout ICO miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by the Bnurbonnois, on the E. by Forcz and Velav, on the W. by Limofin, Quecci, and La Marche, and on the S. by Roiier- gue and the Ccvennes. It now forms the two depaitments of Cantal and Puy- ^e-Dome. * Awf;, Loch, one of the mtJl bc%u> tiful lakes of Scotland, h ArgyUinirc, about 30 miles long, and, in fome parts, above two broad. It contains many fine little iflands, tufted with trees. The river Awe, the outlet of this lake, is dif- charged into Loch Etive, at the village of Bunawe. AuxFURE, an ancient town of France, in the department of Yonnc, late an epif-. copal fee of Burgundy, and feavjd on the declivity of a hill, at the foot of which flows the Yonnc. The inhabitantt are computed at 1 6,000. The principal church is very beautiful ; and tliere are many fountams and fouarcs in Auxerre, which is 2) miles S. or Scif. Lon. 3. 39. E. lat. 47. 48. N. AuxoNNE, a fmall town of France, in the dcp;irtment of Cote d'Or and late province, of Burgundy, foatcdon the Saone, with a eaftlc, an arfcnal, handlome bar- racks, a foundry /or cannon, and a fchool for the artillery. Over the Saone is a bridge of 23 arches, to facilitate the run- ning off of the waters, after the over, flowiuir of tilt river. At the end of the liridge i: a caufeway 2150 paces long. It is 17 milt E. of Dijon. Lon. 5. 29. E. la|>47. II. N. aw atska-Bay, sharbour of Kamtf. chatka, faid to be the fafert and moll tx- tenfivf that has beer, difcovered, and the on» one, in that part of the world, that cavadniit veffels of a confiderablc burden. Tfti entrance into it is in 5*. 51. N. lat. 158. 48. E. lon. Aw LAN, a fmall imperial town of Germany, in, the circle of Siiabia, on the river Cochen, 15 miles W. of Oeting. Lon. 10. 15, E. tat. 48. 56. N. Ax BR I DUE, a town in Somcrfetlhire, with a nrtarket on Thurfday. It is feated on the river Ax, dircflly under the fa- mous M|«yp Hills. It is a mayor- towfly^^Kig of one principal ftrect, whiiHHpE but narrow, 10 miles K. W. ^"^elTf, and 131 W. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. t;i. 17. N. AxKL> a town of Dutch Flanders, in a morafs, le miles N. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 45. E. lat. 51. If. N. * Ax HOLM, a river-ifland, in the N. W. part of the diftrift of Lindfcy, in Lincolnfliire, formed by the Trent, Dun, and Idle. It is a rich low traO»in wltich much flax is cultivated. AxiM, a territory on the Gokl coafl of Guinea, containing two or thre>; vil- lages on the feaihore. The inhabitants arc generally rich, f.nd fell a great deal of gold to the EngliBi and Dutch. They are likewife induftrious in irihing, and in tilling the ground, which produces a pro- dlgiout digioiis q (■hiingc tc Indian co The Du. called St. AxMIf nn the liv day. It wi the Saxon It has one Here is a row cloths It is 18 m VV. of L< 46. N. Axt'^ been once ruins arc cities of ai of public h ire forty ( any hierogl of one pice that which ingly well 1 is 125 miles 4- E. lat. I Ayamo Andalufis, at the mom fuc Callro vi Cadiz. Aymoi'; Bcrwicklhi garrifon fix miles M.N. Ayr, ill ire, fitua oil both which is chief trade ery being New Tow ruins of a by Alexan from the Chapel, Bruce, common ir of fcVL-ral Is now fca i' 65 milt 4- 39- E. h * AyRsl bounded on frith of CI E; by the flics'; and ihires of exhibits th to the N. raft bav at *■■■*._. i>jfc'.,>^fa ■-Vi..'W-- XI id, h ArgyUmirc, and, in fome parts, contains many fins with trees. The ; of this lake, is dif- ve, at the village of cnt town of France, Yonnc, late an epilV ', and fcai-jd on the : the foot of which rhe inhabitant* are 10, The principal iful 5 and there are fqwarcs in Auxerre, of Sc .;. Lon. s-jq. ail town of France, Cote d'Or and late jT.foatcdonthcSaone, enal, handfome bar- cannon, and a fchool Over the Saone is a , to facilitate the run- ers, after the over- . At the end of the ay J a 50 paces long. Dijon. Lon. 5. 19- 2. , * harbour of Kamtf- e fafeft and moil ex- :r. difcovered, and the art of the world, that a confiderable biirdtn. it is in 5». 51. N. lat. i!I imperial town of rcle of Suabia, on the miles W. of Oeting. 48. 56.N. :own in Somcrfetfljire, :hurfday. It is feated lireftly under the fa- lls. It is a mayor- ' one principal fti«ct, narrow, 10 miles N. id 13* W. of Loudon. CI. I7.N. bf Dutch Flanders, in N. of Ghent. Lon. 3- N. . ^- rivcr-ifland. in the N. diftrift of Lindfcy, in ed by the Trent, Dun, rich low traa» in wluch }tcd. ;ory on the GoM coaft ining two or thrcv vil- (hore. The inhabitants , i-nd fell a great deal oi 1» and Dutch. They are ms in ftlhing, and in , which produces a pro* digiou» "7-^ AYR digious quantity of rice, which thev cx- rh;ingc to other places on the coaft, 'for Indian com, yams, jjotatocs and palm oil. The Du.ch have a fort and faftory hcrf, called St. Anthony. AxMiNSTER, a town of Devonflnre, on the liver Ax, with a market on Satur. day. It was a place of note in the time nf the Saxons, and is governed by a portrevc. ]t has one church, and about 100 houfcs. Here is a manufaftory of bioad and nar- row cloths, and a famous one for carpets. It is 18 miles E. by N. of Exeter, and 147 W. of London. 'Lon. 3. 8. W. lat. 50. 46- N- ,_ Axu^ a vilh?:cc, fuppoled to mve been once the capital of Abyffinia. Its ruins arc very c\ttnfivc, but, like the cities of ancient times, coiifill altogether of public buildings. In one fquare rlicre are forty obeltlks, none of which have any hieroglyphics on, them. They arc all of one pie~ce of granhe, and on the top bf that which is (landing, is a patfm exceed- ingly well carved in the Greek talle. It is 115 miles W. of the Red Sea. Lon. 36. 4. E. lat. 14. 6. N. Ayamonte, a fcaport of Spain, in Andalufia, with a caftle built on a rock, at the mouth of the river Guadiana, oppo- fite Caftro Martna, 80 miles N. W. tif Cadiz. Lon. 7. 15. W. lat. 37. »i- ^^ Aymouth, a town of Scotland, in Berwickftiirc, once fortifrcd to Tiirb fHe garrifon of Berwick, from which h is fix milea N. Lon. i. 46. W. lit. 56. 11. N. Ayr, a borough and feaport of Ayr- fliire, fituatcd on a fandy plain, and built oil both fides of the river Ayr, over which is a bridge of four arches. Its chief trade is in coal and grain ; the fiih- ery being in a manner given up. In the New Town arc many g )od houfes, and the ruins of a Dominican monaftcrm^wded by Alexander II. in 1230. /CpfflPN. from the town, is a houfe called King's Chapel, founded for kpers by Robert Bruce. The Icprofy was a difeafc i'o common in thofe days, as to be the fubje.^ of fcvcral parliamciirary ftatuies ; but it is now fcarcelv known' in Europe. Ayr is 65 miles S! W. of Edinburgn. Lon. 4. 39.E. lat. 5-,. 30- N. , ^ . . * Ayrshire, a county of Scotranfl, boundedon the Weft, K. W.'and N. by the frith of Clyde and 'Renfrrvvlliire ; on the E. by the counties of Lanerk atid Dum- fiics'; and on the S. E. and S. by thfi Ihires of Kirkcudbright and Wigton. It exhibits the fhapc of two win'gs, extending to the N. W. and S. W- and forming a Tail bav at tltc mouth of the frith of "Clysite. BAG BctU'ctn its extreme points, it meafurci about 50 miles ; its greaicft breadth is not ouitc 17. Its moft northerly divifion i* Cunningham, the N. W. an^lc of which, though mountainous, is rich inpafture. AzAMOR, a feaport of Africa, in Mo- rocco; formerly very ConfiderahJe, but ruined by the Portuguefc in 1513. hoa. 7. 0. W.lat. 31. 50. N. AzF.M. See Assam. . ,p , .^ . Azof. See Asofh. Azores, or Western Ist.ands, • group of iflands, in the Atlantic Ocean, between t;. and 32. degrees of W. lon. and between 37. and 40. N. lat. 900 miles W. of Portugal, and a:, many E. of New- foundland. They are nire in number, viz. St. M.iria, St. Michael, Tcrccra, St. George, GracioCa, Fyal, I'i-.o, Flores, and Corvo. They were firft difcovered in 1439, by John Vanderberg, a merchant: of Bruises, who, in a vov-";u to Lifbon» vas driven to thefe iflanv..> by ftrefs of weather. On his arrival at Lifl>on, he boaftcd of his difcovery ; on v.hich the Portuguefe fet fail, and took poflcfnoa of them. They have been ever fince liibjeft to the Portugucfiii (who called them the Azores, from the number of hawks found among them) to whom they now belong;. The two wcftcrnmoft were named Flores, and Corvo, fr'-m the abundance of flower* on the one, and of crows on the other. They are all fertile, ar.d fubjcft to a go- vernor-general, who rcfidcs at Angra, i^ Tercera. No poilbnous or obnoxious ani- mal, it is faid, is to be found in the Azo- res, and if earned thither it will ex- pire in a few hours. All of them enjoy a falubrious air, but are expofed to violent earthquakes, from which thcj have fre- ■ quentiy fuffercd. • -■;. B. BABELMANDEL, a ftrait betweca the. coaft of Africa and Arabia, uniting the Red Sea with the ocean. Near it is a fmall ifland and a mountain of the fame name. Lon. 44; 30. £. lat. 12. 40. N. BabenhaUSEN, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and in the duchy of Wirtem- berg ; five miles N. of Tubingen. Lpn» ' 9. 4. E. lat. 48. 3;. N. BACotiTZA Carethsa, or Baboi- 1.IZA, a town ofScIavonia, feated near the Tiver Drave, between Poffcga and Zy- gttli. BaBYIon. See IkAO-AR.AErA.. Baca, or Bma, a town of Spain, in the prciviAcc dreadful 8. E. lai Bagn in the P S. of Oi 36. N. Back partmen late proi foot of tl and muc hot min( E. of '. 3.N. Bacn Europe, latro. L Bacn dcpartmt of Lang the bed 8 miles £ 43. E. 1; Bah A mated to and 27<' ] They ex Cuba, an fome of I large anc uninhabi ihefe by Colu he lasde Vador. Bnglifli driven rolina, g being a it Provi recently Georgia to the cotton bales, * Bj Proper,! bad and! the E. It is full pany port is which BahI Perfia, f Lon. 4J I « A G "^' ia, fimoui for in hot he river Suechat, ii; nna. Lon. i6. x;. E. a town of Germany, .longing to the io.ver den, fcated near the v.. of Friburg. Lon. N. a Tillage of Gloucef- a fprir.g of mineral Pool, nearly the fame th'Te of Cheltenham. 3ve Crick ly, is a very It is three miles from jfs of Livonia, so mile5 ,44. l6.E. lat. 59. 15.N, ! and handlome fpifco- 1, in Anilalufia, with a featcd on the Guadai. N. E. of JacD. Lon. 3. • N. V, a bay in N. Americj, -. Baffin, an Englilhman, find out a N. W. paf- he South Sea. It extendi 'rces of latitude, 'ninthciflatidof Cypru% near the ancient Pap'.ins, ;rable ruin» remain, par- broken columns, which :d to the temple of Venus. lat. 34. 50. N. large and populous cty, Irac- Arabia (the ancient ivioce of Turkey in Afia> he Tigris, and is inhabited Purks, and other religionJ. :aftle, on the banks of the r-againft it, on the other iburDs. It has a confider- ng annually vifited by the 30, and Wcftern caravans, pital of the Saracen empire, ne Turks in the ijthccn- lich it has been taken and 1 times by the Turks and laft of all by the Turks, ra Khan befieged this place, [t is 150 miles N. by W. on. 43. 5a. E.lat. 33. «o.N. A,orBocKL ANA, a country in the Dcccan. That celc- ot" mountains, the Gauts, jaches the Surat river from lot iterminatc in a point or but departing from its me- :, bendJ callWard, in a wavy o that river, and ifi afterward ; hills in the neighbourhood ir. Baglana, virhich extends »y from the Surat river to ' Poonahi ~ BAH Poonah, it the country inclofcc! by this bend of the Gauts. It it bounded on the N. by CandeiJh, on the S. W. by Vifia- pour, and on the S. E. by Dowlatahad. BacNara, a fcaport of the kingdom of Naples, eight miles S. of Palmi. In this town 3017 perfoni perilhcd, by the dreadful earthquake in 1783. Lon. 16. 8. H. lat. 38. 1;. N. BACNAtiEA,an epifcopal town of Italy, in the Patrimony of St. Peter, five miles S. of Orvieto. Lon. la. it!. £. lat. 4a. 36. N. Bagnkres, a town rf France, in th';de- prtment of the Upper Pyrenees and late province of Blgorre ; Ua'.ed at .'he foot of the Pyrenees, on the river Adoiir ; and much frequented, on account of iti hot mineral waters. It is 10 miles S. S. of Tarb, Lon. 0. 11. K. lat. 43. 3.N. Bacnialack, a town of Turkey .n Europe, in Bofnia, 30 miles N. E. of Sp i- latro. Lon. iS. o. E. lat. 44. 24. N, Bacnols, a town of France, in the department of Hcrault and late province of Languedoc, near the river Ccft (in the bed of which fomc gold fand is found) 8 miles S. W. of Pont St. Elprit. Lor . 4. 43. £. lat, 44. 10. N. Bahama, or Lucaya Island:., fi- tuated to the S. of Carolina, bctw.:en 22" and ^^' N. lat. and 73» and Si" W. lon. They extend along the coaft of Florida to Cuba, and are faid to be 300 in number, feme of them mere rocks, but 12 of them large and fertile. They are ail, however, unmhabited, except Providence. One of thefc iflands was the firlt land dcfcricd by Columbus, 0£V. 12, 1491, on which he lasded, and which he called San Sal- vador. They were not known to the Kngliflj till 1667, when capt. Scylc being driven among them in his paflage to Ca- rolina, gave his name to one of them, anri, being a fccond time driven upon it, called it Providence. The cotton feed has been recently introduced into theft iflands from Georgia, and is found to be well adapted to the foil and climate : the quantity of cotton they exported in 1792 was 5047 bales, weighing 1,162,822 pounds. * Bahar, a country of Hindfvjftan Proper, bounded on the vV. bv Allaha- bad and Oude, on the N by Niipaul, on the E. by Bengal, and on the S by Oriffa. It is fubjc6tto the Englifii E. India Com- pany ; and nioft of the fnltpetre they cx- pon is maiiufadurcd in this province, of which Patna is the capital. Baheren Island, in the gulf of Perfia, once famous for its pear', tilhcry. Lon. 49, 5. E. lat. aO. 10. N. ■ B A L Bahl'S, a town of Sweden, capitiit oft government of the fame name, on a rock, m an idand lo miles N. of Gotten'niig. Lon. 1 1. 42. E. lat. 57. ;i. N. Baja, a populons town of Hungary, on the Danube, 3 5 milct N. VV. of EffecK. Lon. 20. o. £. lat. 46. 10. N. Bajador, a cape on the W. coaft of Africa, S. of the Canary Iflands. Lon. 14. 22. W. lat. 26. 12. N. Baia, an inconfidcrablc town of the kingdom of Naples ; but famous, in the lime of the ancient Romans, for it» hoc baths and elegaiu palaces, of which there arc Tome ruins remaining. It is featcd on the feacoaft, in the Terra di Lavora, i* mi'xs W. of Naples. Lon. 14. 5. 1%. lac, 40. 51. N. Baikal, a great lake in Siberia, on the road from Mufcovy to Cliina. There arc a great many feals in it of a blackifli colour, and fturgeons of a monftrous fizc. The river Angara runs out of this lake to the N. N. VV. Bailleul, a town of France, in the department of the North and late French Flanders, 9 miles S. VV. of Ypres. Lon, a. 55. E. lat. ;o. 4$. N. * Bain Gonga, or Bain River, a large river of Hindooilan, which rifes near the S. bank of the Nerbudda, runs fouth- w:u-d through the heart of Berar, and, after a courfc of near 400 miles, unites with the Godaverv, within the hills that bound the Britilh Northern Circars. Bakewrll, a town ia Derbyftirc, with a market on Mond.iy. It is featcd on the river Wye, among the hills, 29 miles N. N. VV. of Dtrby, and 1 5 1 from London. Lon. 2. 42. W. lat. 53. 15. N. Baku, a town of Perfia, in the pro- vince of Scliirviin, the mod commodious haven of the Cafpian Sea, on the weft coaft of which it is fituated. The entrance, in fome places, is difficult and dangerous, oa account of the number of flioaU and iflands. Baku is a furtreis, furrounded by high brick walls, joo miles S. of Aflra- can. Lon. 49. 1 1;. E. lat. 40. 2. N. Bala, a town cf Merioncthfhire, with a market on Saturday. It is featcd on the lake of Bala, or Pcmbltmere, which i« 13 miles in length, and fix in breadth, and abounds with a filh called a guinatd, re. fembling a falmon in fliapc, and its tafte is like a trout. The river Dec runs through this lake. This town is noted for a great trade in knit woollen (lockings. It is 50 miles S. E. by E. of Holyhead, and 195 N. W. of London. Lon. j. 35. W. lat. 52. 50. N. * Balagat, a province in the Dec- can of liinUoedaa, coitfiUiiig of a vaft ex. teut n ■m I. B A L '^^^ tenf of fertile and populout plsini, flip- pirtcd in the nature ot ■ terrace, bv a ftu- pendou* wall of mountains, called the Gauts, which riles abruptly from the low country called the Concan or Cockun. •This iratT: is fo elevated, that the air is cool and plcafant. It is fubjcft to the Poonah Mahrattas, and extends, not only through their territoriet, but through the Pcniniula, tu the fouthcrn cxtr:mity oi Myforc. BalaguER, a fortified town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the river Segra, at the foot of a craggy rock, 75 iniki N. \V. of .41. 55. N. ince, near the loufe ; fam- Barcelona. Lun BalarvC, ■, ' ' rotd from Montj> to ous for its baths. Bai.asorp., a ki.^n to tl, 1' W. of the bay of Bengal, four milea j.^m the Ita by land, but by the rivers to. The iuhabitants make ftuflfs uf filk, cotton, and a fort of grafs. It it 180 miles S. W. of Hoogly. Lon. ,87. i. E. lat. ai. .O.N. Balbastro, an epifcopal town of Spain, in Arragon, on the river Vero, 4% miles N. £. of SaragoCfa. Lon. o. a?. £. Ut. 41. 8. N. Balbec, the ancient Hcliopolis, a town «f Afia, in Syria, at the foot of Mount Libanus. It is agreeably fcated to the N. E. extremity of the valley of Bhcar. On the £. fide are magnificent ruins, par> ticularly thofe of the temple dedicated to the Sun. The portico of this temple is incxprcflibty fupcrb, though disfig^irtd by two Turkiiij mmarets. To the W, of it is another, of a circular form, disfigured by Turkilh houfcs and mofqucs, built out of the ruins. Thefc, which nave l)ecu co- piouily defcribed by MclTrs. Wood and Dawkins, and M. Volney, diijplay, accord- ing to the opinion of the beft judge-, the boTdeft plan that ever was attempted in ar- thite6lure. Balbec is chiefly inhabited by Chriftians of the Greek churth, and is 37 miles N. of Damafcus. Lon. 37. 20. £. lat. 34. «i> N. BALCHi a town of Uftec Tartary, in Afia, on the frontiers of Perfia, 200 miles S. of Bokhara. Lon.- 69. o. £. lat. 37. »o. N. ' Baldivta, otValdivia, a fcaport of Chili, ;n S. America, built by the Spa- nifli general Baldivia, about the year 1 ;5i, after he had conquered Chili. It ftands between the rivers Callacalles and Portcro, where they fall into the South Sea. Lon. 7j. lo.W. lat. 32. 38. S. Baldoc, a town in Herts, with ft market on Thurfday. It is fcated bctuepn . tke hills,.jn a clulky foil lit for coru, and UAL h chiefly of note for its mif in fpnir. It h nine -nilc* W. of ftoyfton, and 37 N.N.\\'. of London. Lon. 6. <;, W. lat. fi. t, N. Balf, an ifland forming the N, fide of the ilraits of Java, throngh which the Kaft India fliips fometimts return from Ohins i bnt the paflTage is commonly very (lifficjtt.on account ofthe coinrary >'. indi. This ifland is populous, and abounds in rice and. all forts of fruits. The inhabi- tants are bliick, addiAed to war, and Pa- jans. Lon. 115. 50. E. Int. 7. 10. S. Ballaghy, a town of Ireland, in the county of SIfgo, 22 miles S. of Sligo. Lon. 8. 401 W. 1st. 53. 56. N. BAtLYC0NNEL,» town of Ireland, in the county of Cava*, 1 1 miles N. F,. cf Cavan. Lon. 7. 25. W. lat. 54. 10. N. Bali.ysakili., aborouijli of Ireland, in Queen's County, 18 miles N. \V. of Kilkenny. Lon. 7. 25. W. lat. 52. 50. N. BALLysHANKoi},alargc towAof Irc» land, in the county of Donegal, with a good haven, no miles N. W. of Dublin. Lon. 7. 50. W. lat. 54. 33. N. * BALLOCtSTAN, LiTTi.E, a coun»fy^ of Hindooftan Proper, bordering on tlie N. of Mewat, and approaching within 14 miles of Delhi. It is 80 or 90 miles long, and from 30 to 40 broad. Within this cenniry it was fcized by the Ballogos, or Balloches, whofe country adjoins to the W. bank of the Indus, oppofitc Moultan. They are reprefented as a very favagc and cruel race. Their territory is full of ra- vines, and of coiirfe difficult of acccfs. I^ has, however, been fucceffively tributary to the Rohillasjthe Jats, and the late Nud- juft'Cawn. • Wcftward it borders on the country of the Sciks. Baltic, a large fea in the N. of Eu- rope, between Denmark and Sweden to the W. and Germany, Poland, and Rui- fia to the E. It contains the gulfs of Bothnia, ^vc^tch has Sweden on the E. N. md W, fides) Finland, Riga, and Dantzlc The Baltic neither ebbs nor flows, and a current always fets through the Sound into the ocean. It is generally frozen over in the winter. Yellow amber is found on the coaft. Bai.timork, atovvn of Ireland, in the county of Cork, on a headland which runs into the fea, nine miles N. E. of Cape Clear. Lon. 9. 14. W. lat. st, 24. N. * Baltimore, a toVvn of Maryland, the fourth in fize, and the fifth in trade, in the United St.ttes of America, featcd on tl'.c Patapfe, which runs into the bay of Chefapeak. It is divided into " the Town and Fell's Point," by a creek, over which aic two bridges. At Fell's Point, the water i^ater i« occp bwt I'm if 1 1 vtlT The liourts and found to thuixhcs, wl GtTinan Caiv piliaus, Prcf A\1ttln)diltb, New Qoake bir^nts is upi li 4, niilei. N. :=, \V. Idi. 3' Bamdeiu; cf Gtrniaiiy, lilhnpric of t ni:rly imperi. ihop. The c i.lc ; and it h at th'.' conlliic till/., 3'; iiiilc 11. 7. K. Int. Bamiieki; fcot of a moi Lon. 16. 50. '. BA.MfK. BaMI'ToN ftirc, with a ii ic.iiiil nea' of Oxford, a Lon. I. 2s. ^ Bampton i market on bottom furroi N. N. E. of Lcidon. L( BaKBL'K' with a mai large tou n, county, and It fends oni noted for miles N. W. l.u. -,2.4. N Banc A, craft of Sum the fame nai 35. s. Banc a I. Sumatra, wl mcnt. It Lon. 100. Baxcoc l;ini;(iom of pofftliiun of thence in tancs, and t inhabitant"; no furnitui floor. It io S. of Si 3:.N. Banda, Spice lilani s traJ? in tp.ilf. Tt h n,and37N.N.VV. W. lat. fi. t. N. ming rhe N. fide of hrongh which the ctimts return from e is cominonly very the cOBtrary '\iiuL. ous, and abounds in 1. The inhabi - ed to w ar, and Pa. lat. 7. 10. S. n of Ireland, in the miles S. of Sligo. 3. 56. N. town of Ireland, in II miles N- E. cf W. lat. 54. 10. N. a boroutjii of Ireland, 18 miles N. W. of 5. W. lat. 5». 50. N. , a large towAof Ire. of Donegal, with a les N. W. of Dublin. 54. 33- N. 1, LiTTLK, a couii»nf )er, bordering on tlie pproaching within 24 Is 80 or 90 miles long, broad. Within this ed by the Ballogos, or ountry adjoins to the lus, oppofjtc Moultan. d as a very favage and territory is full of ra- difficult of acccfs. I^ fticceirively tributary Jats, and the late Nud- vard it borders on the I. fea in the N. of Eu- mark and Sweden to ny, Poland, and RuC- contains the gulfs of as Sweden on the E. i Finland, Riga, and itlic neither ebbs nor t always fets through ocean. It is generally winter. Yellow amber 1, ■ , . own of Ireland, in the 3n a headland which nine miles N. E. cf I 9. 14. W. lat. 51, a toVvn of Maryland, id the fifth in trade, in f America, feated on runs into the bay of ided into '• the Town f a creek, over which At Fell's Point, the water BAN nMcT U c'eep enough for fliipj of burden ; b:it rm;ill vt-nels only go up to the town. The hourts were nuiubtitj in r/H;, and found to be 19?;. Tiicic are nitic thui'clics, which ri(j)i.i^tivtly btlniig to Gtrinan Calvinills and Lli'liti.uis, Ki'ilrn. niliau5, Prufhytcruns, P.ipilis, Buiitr.'s, jMtthodilis, Quakers, aiul Nic>]|ite» oi New Q^akeri. The nunibcr of inlia- hitants is U|)w;ii,(l i>f 10,000. RjUiinore li 4. miles ls.h\ i<> Annapulii. Lon. 76, 15. \V. Idi. 39. 4:. N. Bambf. lu;, u large and handfome mwn cf Germany, in FrdMcunia, capital of a liilhnpric of the fame name. It was for- merly imperial, but now riilijeft to the bi- Ihop. The country ab .iit it i> very fcr- tile ; and it has a univerfity. It ii fciicJ at the conducnce of ilu- Maine and Rcd- Mf., ir, miles N. of Nurembtuv. Lon. II. 7. K. li'.t. 50. 1. N. Bamiiek<;, a t'Avn nf Bohemia, at the foot of a mountain, 30 miles S. of Glatz. Lon. 16. 50. E. lat. 4g. 5 ,. N. Rami !•. Stc Hanff. Bami'tdn, a large town in Oxford- ftirt, with a finall market on Monday. It is I'eaicd neai tile Th mcs, li niilt^ W. of Oxford, and 70 W. bv N. of London. Lon. I. 2:. W. lat. i;i. 46. N. Bampton, a town in Dcvonlliirc, with a market on Saturday- It is feated in a ixjttom furroundcd by hills. It is 14 miles N. N. E. of Extter, and 163 W. by S. of Lr;idon. Lon. 3. 3S. VV. lat. i;i. 2. N. Banbury, a town of Oxfordfhire, with a market on Thurlday. It is a hrge ton n," the fecond fur ticauty in the county, and feated on the river Ciiarwcll. It fends one tncmber to pai liamcnt ; is noted for its. cakes and tlicd'e; and is 75 miles N. W. of London. Lon. i. ii.W. lit. ^2. 4. N. Banc A, an ifland of Afia, on the E. craft of Sumatra, with a town and ftrait of the fame name. Lon. 106. 50. E. lat. z. 3;.S. Bancai.is, a feaport on the E. coaft of Sumatra, where the Dutch have a fcttlt- meiit. It is 130 miles \V. of Malacca. Lm. 100. 7. E. lat. i. 15. N. Bancocx, a town of Afia, in the *;ini;u()m of Siam, with a fort, once in the poffiliiun of tlie French, who were driven 'iifiice in ifiSS. T!ie iioufts are made of c.incb, and covered with palm-leaves. The inhabitants are almoft naked, and having 10 furniture in their hoults, lit on the fioor. It is 17 miles N. of the Tea. and 10 S. of Siam. Lon. loi. 5. E. lat. 1 3. !.:.^N. Bai.da, the chief of the Banda, or Spice Iflands, in the Indian Ocean. Thev BAN lie between i;.?" and i;8* E. Ion. and 4* and 5* S. lat. ti'mpnl ending the ifles of Latit';r, Polcron, Koriiigmg, P.Kilr\vay, ahil Gonapi. The niiimt>;, covered with inacc, };rows on ihcl'i. illaiuls only j and fhiy have been cntnt.y lubjctt to the Dutch, ever liiice ih'y, wlan ihcy ex- pelled boili ilit l''n_L;lil.!i and tlie natives. In lever,.! ilhiud., tliat lie near BanJa and AmboynLi, llie nutmcL, and clove would J r .w, bccuil'e, as nuur ilift^ adcrt, birds, t(;j(:fially doves and pigeon*, hvalljw tlic rutmri; aiulrleive whole, jnd void them in the lame liaie ; winch is one of the rea- fon» why ilio Uatch make war againft both thefe bird;-. Tlltfe iflands are all Tcry fiiiall, tla lar^el^ being Icarcely 10 miles in length. Miey are fuhje/t to cartli inakes. Biiida ii 75 miles S. E. of Aiiil)oyiia. Lon. i;iJ. ;. E. lat. 4. i;o. S. Banui: n L'oNCio, u Imai! Raport of Alia, in Pcrfia, on the gulf of Pcrlia, go miles W. of Gumbioon. Lon. 35. S. E. lat. 27. ir.. N. Ban DOHA, the cnpiral of the ifluid of Sall'etie, fiparated fiiin tlie idaiul of Bombay by a narrow channel. Lon. 74. 40. R. lat. ig. o. N. Banff, a feap-rt, and the rcninty-town ot Banlfshirc, in S;:uil iiul, on the declivity of a hill, at the mmrh of the Devcron, which here flows into the Bntilii Ocean. It has many jjood ftreets, and..fhe town. lioule is adorned with a handfoirie Ipire, Here is a mani^i'^lorv of thread, ;.nd an- ofherof (lockings; and, the children atrind the maiuitailory and fchool alternately, at liated h'.'iirs ; lo that education and induf- ti-y are happily united. In the middle of the town 1^ Bantt'CalMe, wiih us gardens, belonging to the Findlatcr family. The harl)our i- defended by a luat pier and a battery. At the foot of the lull, is Dufl' _ Houfc, the elegant I'eni of the carl of Fife, cl.)(elo v. hole garden i> a liaadfon-.e bridi;;e, of levcn arches,' ere<^led by government over the Devcron. Banff is 31 miles N. \V'. of Aberdeen. L jU. 2. i^. W. lat. 57. 5 s. N. Bamfsuirk, arounty of Scotland, bounded on the N.ljv the Murray Frith, on the S. E. by Aherdecnlhire, and on t!ie N. W. by the c;univ cf Murray. From N. E. to S. W. its grcattft length is 50 miles, and its extent along the coalt nearly 30. '• Bangalork, a Hrong fortref'! of Mylore, in the peninfr.la of Hindooflnn. ■ It is a place of great [-oiirirnl iirtportancei" being-, from its fituauoii, the bulwark of the Myfi/rc cuuntrv, tov.ard Arcot'. It was taken by the Engliih in 1791 ; but reitorcd by tlie treaty of peace, in 1792. E . I: 1 ?:i»t '«l5««t-ili/j*i t BAP ft A R Bar, ^ town rf Pol.iP'I, in P.xl-Iia. on the rivrr B'>g. 4^ niilf N. W. «t IWack- law. Lon. 17. (o. E. lit. 49. 14. N. Bar, a narrow pal's of I'llv, in ihr valify ',f Aoufta, wliich coininnnd-. til ; pil- lairt out of that will, v into Pndnionf. Bah, orrh'.' Ra uiois, a late ihichvof a it.nvk« on \VcdnfM,.y. i^ " " p ^^^ ' ,^,1^^, on b .ih fifl.s tilt- Mcnfc. fo conful.v..b!c. that_ -t vv.^ c»U''l r^^J^'^{]!;,,^^ ,nd Cfi.Ppa.nc. h niw form', the .Icpartiiioni ot Mciilc. IJMt.DK-ni'C, a town of France, in tlie f CanlcUfer.,u.. L.n. ,. AZ- ^\ • '^%lM':;;.'';nvcrin,heiflandofn.-r^ which is a town where the Ln.hlh L. ^t;Ss?:!rv:iuIe-^:fw.not.d for an abund.nce of ^^ ^T''^':"' } but o'lic of f'^r Its winc!, and i^ feated at the foot i,t .u-ound it, and a r"'r;" ^, ;V feveral counties '"^'"^'"'l^^^^ 'iZIl' '" . Rar a, oneoftheHcbridesof Scotland, Hampton gou.t, and Lorn on. i , ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^.^^ ^^ .^ ^ miLsLmi: and a.nvns form a traA of ?o ']^' ^ ' "' 3 broad. At low water, it almoll comnm- ini-, uu'u- dilT.rcnt "^l'*'";"'"'' '"'>.V „ nicatcs with Bcnbccula ; on which account, Croydon to rarnham. On '"■« R' " ' . ,,,,,1, ifl.„„,s are Ibmetimcs called the Lon.i; ^ear Uanftcad is « 'v-'.cd tour .ri 1 s cou - ^^^^^^ ,^^^^ ^^^_ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ,^^^ ^^j Baortcadin M "''l-^' S. S. \V . ot I. m ^^^^ ^,^^ (.^^^,_ ^.^^ ,,,^,1 ,,,„^,^ ,^ ^^^^^ ^^. Uantam, a town of Aha, on tie .. ^^ _ ^^,^^.,_^^ . ^^^^ ^j,^. j,^„^,„j ,,|^ ^V.Voaftof J'>vnvC;P'"'"\\^"^'^;";;a the K. coaft, where it is barren, ami ,heramen,me,wi''.a f "''')^'^";°"^^^ breaks off abrupt, irregular, and ftccp a calUe. It is a-'l'-'J J:| ° ^;"in\ In fome parts, where the lo 1 is rocky and fcparated In" a r.vcr. TIk -'^^""M',^ ^^^ j^ ^jnut. n.,. of being plomjhed : Danes had V.u^orus here^tjd 6S , w^ .^ .^ cultivated, therefore, by a kmd '. ' thev were expelled bv ' ^ " ,"; Duuh "ooKcd fpade, called here cafihrom. Lt'n, .ins tl at have footiin; here ; ■ii.v have dc- 7. ,0. VV. tat. 56. r.. N. , - , ^ B\KACOA, a kiport in the ^. h. of Cuba, ?o miles N. E. of St. Jago i!c Cuba. Lon. 76- lo. W.lat. 21.0. in. B\RANCO Dr. Mai.aMBO, a town ot S. America, in Tert-i Firiua, with a bi- 't "'::r: ;oo; !:;d ii-p'^ •". -^ ^^ s^"-' »^"''-^- '^ ■ \vretcht( '■^V';^oi;raV.-vhich.t the S. W. parr of ihe oidv Europe. and arc fo powerful, that th.y ■ w;,, linos of the ancuin r.ice, and 1- ;'^":h;" tone done in this kinsdont pulov.s and flourilhin*;, is now a poor and ^,^^1^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^.^^^ Ma;,dalen, 7 s miles N t" , , .1.., Lon. 105. io. £.. 'ac. ,., , . Lcn. '75. 30. VV. lat. n of Irr'and, in the count iTives ■name, m ''B;i^L^u:at;;^;ofFra,K■e inthe „ rf the Straits ot Calais and Utc of Cavthagena. ^o. N. ' Hah ANW \H!^ a n:-;>ll town of L"'vcr Hunf/TV, taken from the Turks in r'.S. It is (caltd on ihe rivulet CrofTo, neur t..r ivinuhc, 90 nules N. VV. of Belgrade. Lon. 19. ^o.W.ht. 4v-vN. BAKB.s^<<>vs, the taUo'-nraoft ot tn. W.ndward Ifland:, in the VV. Indies. It'^ in ','A^*iH ^^t l >ir i, i i$iil » i >Wi* \ A R rf Pcil.ir'l, in Pi\l lia, on -■) mil. « N. W. <-t IWack- 10. E. lit. 4q. 14. N. ■ow pal's of I'llv, ia thf , \v\\\c\t coini'nnnri'- til ■ p-il- v;illi y into Piidnionf. ^Aulois, a late ihichvof in biih fiHts the Mcnfc, liti wnd Chinpa^tic. It Icpaniiicni ot Miufc. c, a town of France, in of Miul'e. capini of the ;.ir, wiili a tnnaCo:!!!' caftlc. nro tlic upper and lower r ii wMtcrcii by tin' riviiki: licit are vcrv tine trmits. :xcrllint, and as ddii-atc .is Ti is Hated cm the fide f.f ies VV. of Tciul, and ijij Lon. 5. io. K. lat. 4*^. \unF, in ancient town r,f c department of Aubc and >f Ch.impagnc. It is famou* and ib fiated at the foot i.t S miles S. W. of Joinvilk. . l;it, 48. IS- N. Si' INK, a town of France, ntnt of Aubc and htc pro- iipa^re, 20 miles S. W. «f :. Lon. 4. 31. E. lat. 4S. ne of the Hcbridesof Scnthnd, . Uift. It is 5 milcsluniraml : Ion- water, it almnll coinnm- Bcnbccula ; on which account, re roinetimcs called the Lom; ; W. coaft of Bara is luw and il, fine iliell f.ind, in m.mv ertile ; but the ground nfo oaft, where it is barren, iunl ibrupr, irregular, and Ikop, ts, where tlie I'oil is rocky .md dnut:. not. of being ploiudicd : Lted, tlK-relorc, by a kind 'it ;lc, called here cafchrom. L--\\. It. 56. ^^ N. A, a I'cvpcrt in the N. K. o miles N. E. "f St. Jngo do 11. 76. 10. \V. lat. 21. o. N. _ ;o or. Mai.aMBO, a town ot , in Tcrr-i Firma, with a bl- and a }.^ood harbour. It i_> je river ]Ma;.';dalen, 7 s miles' N cna. Lcn. 7;. 30- W. lat. n \v \\v.\, a nr:\i! town of Ln'vcr t;ikcn from the Turks in i-'.S. I on the rivulet CrofTo, near ti.r io ii;ik:s N. VV. of Belgrade. ,0. W.lat. 4-,. ;vN. iKjvs, the tnt^o'-nranft ot th; 1 IJland?, in the W. Ind Tf in BAR iMpjencril. a!evclcoiintrv,Mmilc8inlcnr;fli, ami 1 1; ill hreul'li. It had rjncc a n'lod dval of Ovood, vliitli IS r\n\v aliiiort ill lon- fuitied bv the I'u;.';;!'-- Works. Their re- ports are lugir, ruin, cotton, in.lij;!), und gini'cr; and they hive moH ot the fruiti coiiinion to the elim'ife. A rolk:'c was built luTi i]y Col. C 'drin;.;foii, iind other beni'aitors ; but it Ins not anTwertd the intention nf the founders. The number 0'' the wlii'es is about 20,000, who have lO'^iOoo (laves. The U\.\\t th.it is brought to Kni;l;inii hence is winter and liner fjiun tli;it of inv other pl.intatinn ; and they liavc one [urtiiular prover Alps and kuc province of Dauphinv, 12 miles S, E. of Emhrun. Lon.i'.. 39.'C. lat. 44. 23. N. B A R c I. i.o HE, a town of rile p n ini'ula of liindoodan, on the toaft of A] dab.ir : it is a Dutch fa('-"tory, 130 mileb S. of Gua. Lon. 74- I?. E. lat. 13. 45. N. Baucelos, a town of Portugal, on the river Sourilla, 20 miles N. of Oporto, ton. 8. 20. W. lat. 41. 30. N. BAnDi.wrcK, a to. vn of Germany, in the circle of Luv\cr Saxony, and dachy of K * I.nnon- 1 BAR bnrc, on the rWer Tlmenan, M S. p.. of Hamburg. L Lnn. 10. 19- Lunenbnr milt* S. 1 of .uc coumry, riic lu a conf.;';X L.entc■d on pccoant of ... mineral hv /which contain, the iitilc toun of \M an'» "b.k.uth. a town of ^^'^-V;, '" Fr.nco.m. in .he ^^^'^'^'^\i t^'T.o hnch with a tain m- co!lc!',c, b.;.>.nt)in; " It is ,;n.iU-S F.. <'f CuUn.Wh. Lon. II efi E. lat. ;o. o. N. . BAKF..KiR.a.own ofF.anrc. ...the Tincc of N..ni.,.n^'= "^''"'"' BAR S, W.of Glo.ueHer, and i'4,^^'- ^J "' of LonJ.,.,. L.t.. i. 30. W. l..t. 5>- ''^B \RiFTT \. s t'wn of th« kingdom of Napks/wi,h*b,lh.p^rcc,lc...ut.mthe ^alf of Vcn.ct, :s mv.th a .n,.rld alfo Chipp..v« B.rncr, fr.m a ..lar! ct pran.cdhcro.hy H...ryn.tothcmo.k.. !;fSt. Alb...''.. Itisaha.nlct to the p..- rilh of KaH Bitrnct, and has a chapci ot cufc. Near this place wa. fought, ..1 ,V.. the doc.r.vc battle U. ween the r.val ho des of York and La.'cdtcr ; and on a .rccn fpot,* little before .hcmcung of The St. Alban'.and Ha.t.tW roads, >s a filled ulh '.!> f''F •l'.''^L," ■["'l.^rt '^ fiime oiUni^nrwith a.i i>'(^^*P'V;":^: •'"! miles F.."of CJhcrbiii^, and .icar it,- p r;avyofFrancfwasdcftroy;cdhvthc F.nghlh. in .69 = . It « '-/S N. U.ot Pans Lon. I. ...W. U.49- \°-^- , Butt, ahandfomc town.>f tiie ki.v/du.Ti of NapKs, the c .pitat of Tcrra-d.-B r., ,ndanare.hlMlhnp'slce. It.slea<>.d >^ the g..!f of Venice, and bad o..cc a i^nn I harbour, ^vhich was del royed by tbo \ t- nctian.. It is zo .i..les E. of fr-.n., Lon. .7. c.K. lat 4'- if'-^' BAn., orT..RUA....,BA.<,, atcrn. t«ry of Italy, in the k.ngdon. of N. - ', " 1 - „. If .1- \/. ,,<,•.• The air pics, on .he gulf <.f Venice. The air i, ttfTtperatc, ;u.d .ac foil f^>tik ; but there are irian^ lerp-'nts and taranula.. B.SKIO..S, alnvdUown m the depart- ment of Var a.ui la.e prov.nce ot I ro- vnicc, 19 tnile. f.-om lOez. Lon. 6. .0. ^'"■pIVKiJol'r'toNvn of ElTcx, with a ,„i^Jt:"s;,urday It is ^a.ed on ,i. river Rodini^, near the Thamt^. It %ws celebrate,! for a magniUcent n';"">--^y. founcfcdinr.^ It Hood on the N. f^^dc of the churchvard ; anirc. noted f..r lar^e '!"»"'"/'* "^.'"' frceftone. It i» four in.lcs from Littn- "baRNSTAPLF., a fcaport a,id horoush of Dcvonlhire, withatrmkctonFiida. It is featedon the nver 1 au, 3^ 'n>l^» N. N. W. of Exeter, and .9. W. ot London. Lon.4.5-W.lat.5t;8.N. Baroach. a town of H.udooftan m the N. W. of the Deccan, and on the s bank of the river Nerbudda, 40 .t..1c^ N.of the entrance of the valley of Grcf.vaud... . bulk by a duke of Savoy in 1597. It A R r, and lU ^V. by S, J, JO. VV. Lit. 51. ,wn of the kingdom of . p's (cc, Ic.itid on the ^ rnilw VV. S. W. U ,. E. Ut. 4'- 3°- N- iri.K, a town in tlie m, >vi«h a market cu Ills a m.»nuf.irtur«^ ol :;itcd on the river Tcws ■ DurlmtTi, and t44 N. n. Lon. I. 49- VVM.it. r, an ifl vnd of America, rr;i dtl Fuego. Lon. 06. ). S. >wn p.utlv in Middlcrcx orts, with a niaikct un Citiiatcd '.n tlie top of a ca!li.d High Bainct, and [lirnct, frim a market IKiiry II. to the monks It is a hamlet to tlie pa- nct, and has a chapel ot s place wai f'Ught, in ■c \wttlc Utwcen the rival and Latic.dtar; and on a tie before ihc mteling if s and Hatiitia ro.ids, is * ith an iufciiption, to com- ^leat event. Birnet is 11 . of London. Lon. o. t- N. East, a village near the ;t, once much frequented medicinal Ipring. , a town m th« W. ruling with a market on Wcd- fcited on the fide of a hul, ul.irtiirc of linen and wire, s N. by VV\ of London, r jjt. i;^, 35. N. * a village of GlouceflcT- )r larjre quarries of excellent is four miles from Ciren- PLF., a feaport and borou-h ., with a market on Fiulav. on the river Tau, 3« ■/"'^■» of Exeter, and iy> VV- «' ,n. 4. 5.VV. bt. SI.8-N- , . a town of Hiudooftan, m ,f the Deccan, and ori the 'a- ■iver Ncrbudda, 40 miles N.Ql -,, ;;. E. lat. ii. i<.'^- t.'afortrtls of Dauphiny, at of the valley of Grefivaud..!!, kiKe of Savoy in 1597. y^ w the French in i59«« " '^° t ever fince. It is featcd on re,nxmilcsS. ofChamberry. £, lat. 4S- »9. N. ^^^^ B A S B A S 1 H; n^ in nmi- l illicnla .inH B-MtTnot.OMC.w Isle, » fmall idand, canmn j bur, in i;oi, when the c»nMn JDiatd the Hilwtic tunfed.racjr, th>.v re- tiiid to Fri,jiir;;h, in Hll^;^l^v, »nd .ificr. w.iid fixed thcjr rcfideiK'. at P ireturu i flill rut lining i.r fill.:, with th> dignity of prime* of ilie ( pire. Tlie finuptuary iuvi arc ve'/ <\a'\ at Ihfle 1 and no iv r- r.Mi H allowid I'/ have a f«rvaiu Itthi'td iii« carri,i;;c. In ^V1'•ral, the Imiiihcri Cini reieivi- an excellent ediictii ill •, and i' ii n.t iinc'.piiiiiioii, evtn foi tLt^ lo'ver t'lrt of one of the New Hebrides Ivm P uiiville'i I'.ifT I'C. b'.t\'ieii M the Titrra del Kipirini Siin'tii of Q^uyj. Lnn. lb'. 14. E. !it. it.. 4* J. Hak I ii'i.oMriW, St nne of the Cu- rihhte ifl.mds, in tlu, \V . 1 ndic8, jo mile* N. of St. Ciiiirt"plKr'j. It i. JO miles incir- ciiiiiferciirc, and hun go (I harlioiif. The French ceded this ifl.ind to iht Swtdri in 17S;. Lon. ftv 10. VV l..t. 17. s«. N. BA"irov,i f.wn in Lmcohilhire, with tru.letmm, vi empl'V tiu'ir \:\''.ire h'>ur» ill ri.uliii,; H-rate, Vir;d, an'l IMutiirch. H.iflc is the lir'Kl^ and ll- rns to h.tvo a miirket on Mnd.iy. L i' leafed on liic If 11 ;,b(.r, where there i* 1 ferry into Vork- (hire, of coiiTulerable idv.iniat'f to the town, width is 1; Milieu N. of Lincoln, and i6f) N. of London. Li;n. o. 10. VV. lat. -,?. 4:N. HxRi'TK, an ancient town c\f Afia. iu Svru, with 1 Clirut -ui ' b'lr'u I ij n' an incnnlderiUc plijc. to milss N. K. of SevHa. L' n. jt. ^o. K. ht. 14. 10. N. R.\sAitTscHici;, a will-bviilt town e.f Till key in r>urupf, in U in;nia. It !.a« A rrcat tiaHe, and ii (tiled un the rivt.1 M(ri'/. Lnn. i |. 40. E lat. 41. 15. N. H\s'i, Rasli, orllAi.r. riic raiHial of the cant'.n of B.illl, in b.vfTeri ind, wiih a bilhoji's fee, and a r.iiii.)iis iiniv'rruy. It ivi,uM fion be per- cei\ed with what fpirit and ai'tivity they can dance. Bas;. a great infulated rock in thr I'.ri- tiOi Oc<-,,n,'iine mile from thecoalVof II:id- dington, hctwtien the towns of North Berwick and Dunbar, in Scotland. On ttie S. (i ie it IS alm''!t conic ; on ths-other it ovti hangs the lea in a tremendous man- ner. Jt is rterp and in cieiuble on all fides, except in the S. W . an.l there it is with great diffi'ui'v th.at a htigle man can elinib up with the help of .» ripe or ladder. It is lupplied wi'h wa.cr by a fpring at and cottons, and carry on an cjaenfivc the tr)p, and in May and June is quite co- trade. The bithops of Bade once pof- vered with the nefts, eg^s. and voung fcffed the fovereij^nty over tlie ciiy and birds of the ^annef;. or iblan geelc} fo B A S that Tt is I'carce poUJhk to walk without trca'iiiic; on thcni. The llucksof \>\:<.k, in fliglu, ate !fi prodi^i'iiis, as to 'iirkcn ti'x air, liko cli)U(Is; and ti.cir noiil; is fiuh, that pL- 'pir, clod; bv cnrh dthi:'-, lic^r wlir.t is iVin! ta with (hfiuiiltY. Tiicfi; birds come liirhcr to breed. The rock is one mile in circnmrt-nnicf, A ruiiMiu'; cifili.', once tl'.c itiic prilbn of Scotland, Itiiid-. at the tdge of tlic precipicv, facin", the little village of Calt^c'ton. Tlie pr;nTilbn hi-re, in 1694, furrcndered toking \Virii.ini, after a Ion;' ve'iCtance ; and the fi rtiiicarions Were demoli ■ td. A curern run fhroi!;;!i the rock, fr; rn N. \V. v. S. E. (iiiite d,;rk in the <:en:re, where, it is TikI, there is a deep pool fif frefii water. The rock has --i tabbit ivarren, and pafture f •: a few llitep. Lon. 2, 31;. W. hit. i;6. ?.. N. Bassano, a tnwn of Italv, ip the ter- ritory nt Venice, on the ii\ir r.rante, in a country pi-.uluftive of txc- llcnt wine, l-on. II. 24. li,. hi. 4.-. (;i. N. Bass:;, or Bass, a tinvn of .France, tn the departn-ent of the North .''..I Ir.ic pro- vince of riandi.fs. we!! kn^i'. n by tin: nianv Tieges it hai f'.llained ; bu: its firtifica- tions arc now r.'.nn'r'flud. It is I'l miles S. W. of Lifle. L(r.. i. ^i. E. fit. so. »3. N. ■* BAsr)i;/:K, a city and fortvefs of note, In the Deet'a'i of Hindiioitan, oppofnc the N. ( iitl of SaH'ette. It was taken bv rlu; I Eiiglilli in I rSo, but reftoved t.ithc Mah- racms in ir'^j. It is 27 miles N. of Ji'.'ni- bs.y. Lon. 7J. 10. E. lat. 19. 10. N. * BAS.st.NriiWA fi'!-: wateh, a fine lake in C'i.im'terL:nd, ? ;nilcs N. W. of Kefwick. If is 4 ini'es lon;];, b^jiinded on ciPL- fide by hi^ti hi!!;, w'oded, in many pluces, to thc^r bafes : on the (Jtherj by the fields, and the fkirr , of Skiddaw. Basse, TEKi'.E, the capi'al of St. Chiif- ■ tcpher, a W'ir. town, bii"!t by the I'rtn'-h, Whe-i thij part of thi: ifiand was in il.H-ir pofufTioo, before it vvas ceded t > the tiiglilr -.n 171-3. ■ The hoiife . are < fh'-'u k, freeftone, ami timber; and, arm n,:^ ' "' :r buildini;:i, are a towMi'ioufe, an hof.ntai, mnd a lan;t thiirch. * BasjCtehrk, the principal town of Guadbloiij-c, in a diftnt> i;f tb- !'a'.T>e nan:e, in the V,'. pai-t of the iiland. U. is - t"^' BAT BASTtME.VTOs,fnvi!l i'land'incar Tcrri F'r-.v.a, ill S. Arn-.rica, ,;i t'le tncance of the l),iy ot Nonbre dc Dios, with a fort, and a gcod h irbou''. In i-nc of ihe!e 1.1 an eyeellcnt i'pnn,' : the c-^'.intry i> inh.n. bited by the Anu'ricaii nati. cs trioiitary to I'otto-liellc. I'lAATIOGNl-, H firiall t )v( n ' f tlie d'lchy of Lu>;eini>ur;r, i, miles N. \\'. of Lax- (.•tnburj'-, fulije!."^ to the hitife of Auuria, -Lon. 6 o. f'^. lat. s,o, o. N. Baiacola, a feaport on the coaft ef Mal;;har, between Oiiore and Barc' lore. Here are th.e remains of n once eonfulci- r.'.Ac city, on the banks '■( a ''■nail river, four miles from the fea. The c uintry round it produces a great qn^niitv of pi.'p. per; and tiic Engli:'' had a fii-^'^ory Iieie till 1670, when a buU-dnir bcloniiins toilie fic'biry, li:;vinK unfoirv.'iatelv feized and killed a facred cow, the natives rofu and mafficrfd tl.em all. Bat.\s;eck, d t.-wn of Lower linn- garv, on the Danube, 7c indi ^ S. of IJiuJa, Lon. 19. 20. E. lat. 4'). 1 •-. N. 1? A. -A VI A, a ha'idf',-me, lar^e, and ftrong town of .Afia, in the iiland uf Java, th^ rapi'al of all the Dutch f'e;tle'Tients in the E. Indies. The fore is b,;:'t ^t a di. liai'-e fropi the to.vr of ft'>ne hr'-u;;ht from ICiiiope. They !i,!ve canals in the tirincipal ftrc( ts, planted on each lide with evergreen tri es. Batavia cop'air.s a ■^rodii,i.)ii! n'.inibcr of inhabitants, of e'crynationand country ia thefe parts. It it the refdetice ot' the .^nver- ivii-ycnera! of all the Dutch colonic, in tl'e Ivatl Indies, who conti.Uies but three yturs, and is repl-tced by another from Europe. It has a hand'.'ome ho'^ptal and arien.il ; and all the goods brought froni other parts of the E. Itidies are laid up here, till tlicy arc exported to tlie places of iheir defi- nition. There is alwavs a fleet here, fii''- f.eii.nt to mai'iiain their power in iliel'e pans. The sir is very unwliolefc ir.t ; and this place is reprelentcd, by ca[)tain Co,-.k, as the grave (>f European navigators. Its harbour is e::cellent, and learcd on tlic N. I',, part of thi. ifland. Lon. 106. 51. E. iat. 6. to. S. Bath, a citv of Somerferfiiire, with two markets on Wednefday and S.;tuid iV. (t has been famous from the time of the R'^-mans, for its hot fprings, the ttioft re- markable ill England, and inferior to few in Europe. 'I'hey arc not rnlv ufcd r.s baths, but internallv as a mctlieinc ; nasi great benefits are derived from them in gouty, jjaralytir, bilious, and a variety of other cafes. The reputation of tliefe wa- ters has fo rrfuch increafed, that Bath is beeome the principal reli^rt, next to the pietropi.iks, for tlii. nubi.iiy arJ gentry, , ■- and :'r^^lrJty^{^^^>m^,nii■STifMthi•kalZ•lll*^ ■ 5 A T s, '."nviU idani'jncsr Tcrri i,'.rir;i, .it the (.ntriince ot nc dc Dios, wiih a fort, loir- I" "fic I't thcic is in,r : the cmnrry \^ inlia- iencaunati.es '.riiHUary to afmalltoAn.ftl.od'ithy z:. iv.ik-t, ?>'. \\'- '>i La\- • to the \ii life of Aaitvia. ;i Icav-iort on the coaft rf ;en Oiiore and Bjk- lore, iiiiaiiis of a once confi.'.ci'- ;e banks '.f a '"nail river, n the Tea. The c nmtry cs a ^rtat qunniitv of pep- Knuh'' hat! a f..;ftory here a buU-dniT l.cloniiins toilie ' xmforv.i'^attly fciicd and cow, the natives rofe and . all. ■ a tiwn of LowtT liun- la'Uibc, ^c indi .> S. of IJuda. :. lat. 4'-'- '-t^'- , ;, ha'idl!.-mc. lirt'e, atui ■ Afia, in the illand nf Java, ah the Dutch feule'-ncntf in The f)rt is b..:'' a a di- e town of ftone broui^ht from 1 have canal;, in the r.rincipal i on each hde \vli!\ evcrgiten con-air.s a -^rodi^ian ivaniber of e''cry nntiou and count rv in is tbcr.;r,denccot"thc .',over- • alltlicDntchcolonie'.inih!; ■ho conti.ir.es but tlirec years, :d by another from Europe, ifr.rne b/p.^al and arlen.d ; nds brouiiht from other parts ics are laid up ticrc, till tliej to the places of their detii- :rc is alwavs a fleet here, ltd; lintain their power in theic ?ir is very unvvho!ef( n;t ; c is reprel'entcd, by ca|,i;aiii ({rave of European navigators, s'^eticellcnt, and iearcd on tlic ,f vhe ifland. Lon. 106. 51. ,S. ciiv of Somerfetnnre, vita on Wednefdav and Siturd:.y. fairous from the time of the its hot fprings the nioft re- England, ana inf< rior to tew 'I'hey arc not cnlv ulcd « internallv as a medicine; Ri'd Its are derived from them I'l .Ivtir, b'.hous and a variety ot 'iThe repuiation of thele wa- rluch incre.aicd, that Bath '-. ; principal relort, next to ti.e foi- ths; iwbi',ity and gentrv. aiiQ BAT inJ the cnniiant rcfidencc of many onulent invalids, is well .is "t numerous v.jt-hath. Batli i-. u mile- E. S. E. of Biin..!, and 107 W. "f Lor.don. Lon. ;. :::. \v . lat. ;l. 2;. N. KvrHA, BATii, or Bxciiia, a tosu of [luuL,ary, in a county of the fame nai"e, on theDanube; 110 milcsfS. S. E. of Buda. Eon. zo. 40. E. la;._ 4v 3''). N. Ba I'Sl-'oliD, a vilia-e of GlouceiUr- fliire, throm.'h which pilTcs the great Ro- man rjad fiom the north in its wav to Cirencefier, and th^rc is a fniall entrcnch- mtnt almoti f mire, lupp"!"' d to have been thrown up by the Romans, it is four miles from Canipden. Battel a tv.n in SulTex, with a markv.t on fhurldav. It is rauTuis f-r the dccil'ive vicfory gained by Williai.n duke of Narman.tv, over ll.irold kmj; nf Eii.jiand, :a iofa6. Ei memory of this great event, tiie ConqMeror foanded here » cel-'bra:ed abbey. This tov\ n is nnttd for a maiuifactory of gunuowiier, well kno '■•n by the name of B.iH.i/o 'd'r, it beiu;'; the liueft in Euj'land. Ha- ei s zx miles E, ot Leaves, and 57 S. E. or Lim- don. Lon. o. 33. E. lat. 50. ;;. N. Battecola, a fortified town, on the E. coad: of Ceylon, tu.'jert u, the Dutch. Lon. Si. 3. E'. lat. 5. ■;<;. N. Batt! .\SURG, a town of Dutch Guelderland, feared on the N. hank of the Mtufe, almolf oppofite Ravcnlfein, icii miles 'j. W. of Nimeguen. Lon. 5. 33. E. lat. 51. 4S. N. '■' 15 \TTL.!oi;A, a village nf Surry, nnrtd for its line af"p:iragiis. Here was the faiT.iiy-feat of the St. Johns, where tiic fam.iiis lord Bolingbrokc was born, and died. On the fitc of it, now ftands a diltillery and a ciu-ious horizontal air- mid, vMihl ;. v\itii tlie church, at a great diltiiice. The :hiu-ch was ic;hMitr abnut 16 wars ?!;o, and is a beautiful frudture. with a mean c 'pper fpire. Hcie Sir Waller St. JoiiU f.'ii.uded a freeleiiooi ; and here is a timber bridge over the Thames to CneU fc3. Batterfea is four miles VV. S. W, cf- Londun. B A U BATTi.EFiKi.r, a large viHatrc in Shropl!''rv, Uve ailes N. of Shrew !hury, where a iftoy was g.iiiad ijy Henry IV. o.tr iieurv Percv, I'urr.iuned Ilot- i"pur. Ir has a large ctiurch, and one long bradllr, t paved. Lou. j. 42. W. lat. ,z 4..N. Bavaria, one of tlu circles of the German empire, bounded en ilie W. by tlie circle ,-,f Suaiiia, on the N. VV. by that <)• Fiaiicoi'ii, on ihe N. 1'". by Beli.emia, and on ihc E. and S. fcy tlie ■ircie of Auf- tnn. it Contains the du' 'ly of Br-.\''.ria i'r.iper, the Upper l'al.uina;e ofBivaria, t'le Idlhoprics ot Frtii'en'.'.en and Pafl'"au, ;lie duchv of Neuuurjj, and r.rcludliiopric of S..!c/bijig. Bwaiua PnoPEii, Puchv of, the piiiinpHl part of the circle of Bavaria, wlii'h funned one of ihe nine tlei'lorates of Germany, tdl ine de.ith of the cleiiof M.^Mmil.an j leph, in 1777, when he V, .,s fiuxecdee in hi'' dominions by a col- lateral iirancfi of the fani'ly, in the pcrlbn of Charles Th.eodore, elector paiatine I'f the Rliintr, who, however, by the treaty of Teiche.i,in iT'o, ceded a part of it, on the cnniines of Aalfri.i, to the emperor Jofcph II, ard thus terminated a war, concerning this rucce(li(ni, uhich had com- menced bttwecn his imperial majelty and the late king of Prullia, w lio had mrerfercd as the prot'.-rtor of the" elector palaMue. Tins tluehv is about u^ n.ilcs f ng from E. tu \V. and 07 l)ro.Ki from N. to S. Tile air is wholc!".'mc, and the country fertile. It is divided inr) Upper and Lower B,ivaria. Tlie principal river is t!ie Danube; and the chief towns aie jNT'.iiicli, Laiidduit, Donawert, Ingold- ha !r. and Ratifhon. livV.VnlA, Ul'PSR. P\I.AriNATK OF, fonietimes cal!eu, famous for the * vi.torv gained by C.i:rlcs VII. over the I'.nidilh, in 14.11. it is feattd on 'he nver Coefnon, 18 miles E. of Angers. - Lon. o. I. VV. iat. 47- 30. N. E4 Bal'c;e.\ci, ->-,\#V'-'*f ^ ■ . ■^(.'^■■.■^^i^ji'iTirsTiii B A U Baugf.nci, a town of France, in die drpauiTient cf hiAnx ami late province of Or! aviois, tcaud en a liill, at the fi-ot of whiih runs tlic r.i.;irc". It is finiious for its w ints, nnH is 6 ni'cs W. cf Orleans. BAir.ii';. Sr. a nioun'nin in Fnnce, bctwirn MarlLilles iiiul Toulon. Mary Map.Uilcn is i'.M lo hiive Jicd here, on which iirrount it is n\ticli frtijuenlcri. •Bav :ME-i.Fr,-NoNFs,;itovv''nf France, in tlic cltpartmcnt <.f Doubs and late pro- vince of Franchc Comti'-. It had lately a noble nunnery, from wliich it received its apptlL'.'.ion. Five i .iks from this town is a famous cavern, the tn'rance of wh ch is 20 paces vide, and after defcend- int' 30c p:'.ccs, a LTctto is lien, 3<; paces deep, 60 wide, and covtud with a kind of a vauittd roof, frdni wliich water cc^n- tiniiallv drops. There is alfo a fmall brook, frozen in ftimmer, but not in win- ter, and at the bottom arc llotics that re- fcnil.l'J candied citron-peel. W'hen the peafnnts perceive a inifl pr ccedini.' from the m< uth of the cave, thev aie cenain it will v,iin the next day. Raume is i; miles S. \V. cf Bcfanqon. Lon. 6. 24. E. lat. 47. 14- N. Bavmi- N', or Rav'.", V, a cave of Gcr- rnanv, in Lower Saxony, iS niiks froirt Goflar. The entrance through a n rk is i'o narrow, that not above one perfon can pafs at a time. S..me think it rear'ies as far as Goflar. ]t is certain that ftcletons of men have been found here, who are fuppoicd to have, been loft in the turnings and windings. Not far from the entrance is a brook' that falls frcm-arock, whofe \va»er is reckoned t;ood for tlic flonc. Bausk, or Ba(! 1 KO, afmall, but im- portant town, in tl'.e duvhy of C'uvcand, on the frontiers cf Poland,' with a Ihung cuftlc bnih on a reck. It is fcatcd on the river Mufza, i ■; niiUs S. K. of ^littau. X.on. IV ';6.F,. lat. ;6. 30. N. BAtrTKY, or Bawtky, arown in the W. ridi:i,c; of Yorkd.ire, with a rnitket on W'cdncCdav. It is noted for miliftones and grindftones, brotight hither 'b; the river fdic, on whii h it i^ feaicd. It is fcv<.:n rnil.s y. I'.y. E. of Doncifter. and i!;2 N. cf Loiidon. Lon. j. 10. W. Int. ^3. 2:^. N. Kai! rzFV, a coi-ifidtrable town i>f Ger- mrny, capital of Upper Lufatia, with a f^ron;^ citadel. !• ftatds on the river >-prcc, 30 m les K. o' Drcfden. Lon. lit. 42. L. IHt. s 1 . 'O. N. Baux, a town of France, in the dc- pirnnent of ilie Mo'tths of ilie Rhone d late province of Provence, rn a rock. fin M the top of wbiiclt is a llronu' caftlc ; miles E. by N. of Arks. L8tj<,4r5; lat. 45- 43- ^- ' " " B E A, BAVA,orBAjA,a fmall towtt of Lows' Hungary, in the county of Qsth, feated on the 'Danu e, 32 miles N. of EtTcck. Lon. 19. c(). E. lat. 46. 12. N. Bayeux, aconfuierablctownof France, in the department of Calvados and late province of N. Lon. I. 3c. VV. lat. 43. 29. : '. Bazas, atown of France, inthe depart- ment of Girondc and late province of Gui- cnne, and lattW an ancient epifropal lee. It is feat cd on a rock, five miles from the riverGarann;-,and 42 S. E. if Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 2. W. lat. 44. 22. N. Beachy-Uf AD, a promontovv of Sul- fex, between H;.ftings and Shnrcham, where the French ll^er defeated the En;.;, hill aiid Dutch in 1690. Lon. o. 20. E. lr.t. "io. ?4. N. . „ I Beaconsfikld, a town in Bucks, with a market on Thurfday. The p- "t TI.'. 1 . . 10 E. ■:;.fv.,i.,i.r, .-tivw^;?!!^: B E A , t I J A, a fmall towtt of Lowe' le county of Qsth, I'eated :, 32 miles N. of Eflcck. lat.46. 12. N. Dnluitrablctowuof France, cnt of Calviidos and late (iimandy, with a bilhop's icdral is vi.ry noble. It is ivcr Aiirc, four miles from lannd, and 140 W. by M. 1. o. 4.';. W. lat.49. 16. N. :o\vu of France, in the de-^ curthe and late province of ae river MofcUe, 11 miles Lon. 6. 12. E. lat. 49. r Bayona, a feaport of lain, un a fmall gulf of th* miles from Tiiy. Lon. S. '.. o. N. , a fmall, but compa£V, rich, I tlourifiiing comnitrcial city the department of the Lower late province of Gafcony. the Nive and the Adour, reainv in the middle of this ccd tn the k.i, at the diflancc if a league. The lirlf , which nmrc rapid tlian the Adouv, )wn into iwo uneqtial parts, )f which is called tite Bo:ir;- town. Tliev have a coni- y three timber bridges. Tlic of the ftron^c'l in France, illy coniirucled by Vauban. s lately a bilhop's fee ; and alhtdral is remarkable for llis nef, and the deliracv of the fupport it. A bank of f:nd, h of .he Adour, renders the the harbom difficult v hut n tluy have entered, find it a "he military weapon, the /myO' le iianie of thi"; citv, in wliich ttd, a<^ the pijl"/, for the fame 'Cailnl fr'.m Pifloia, a to'vii in The liaitis and chocolate cf c famous. It is zs; r.iihs S. :, and 42^ S. by W. of Pari>. VV. lat. 4V -9- ■ • .town of France, in the dcpart- ■ondc and late province of Gui- lalelv an ancient epifcopal fee. m a rock, five miles from tlu n,-,and 42 S. E. of Bourdcaux. W.lat. 44. 22.N. '-Hf. ,\D, a promontory of Sul- ■en H;.ftings and Shorclim;, French licet defeated the Fn;- Itch ia 1690. Lon. o. 20. E. N. . . , .'■sFiKi.n, a town in BuctC', rket on Thurfd?y. The \yti B E A Waller, who died in the family-fcit here, ftill cnioved bv his deleend.mts 1, inter- red in ihe chtirchv.ircl. Bea.onsheld is 4, miles W. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 50. VV. lat. -,x. s*^- N. BtAi.T, BEAi.T»,orBLiLTii, ato.vn of Brecknock ll.ire, with a market on Mon- day f .r live cattle, and two on Thurlday and Saturday for provifions. It is leated on the Wve, and has a trade m IUkk- ings. It is .0 miles N. of Brecknock. Lon. ;. it. W. lat. ^2. 5-N. . Bfaminstf.u, a pretry town in iJor- fetlhire, with a marke'. on '.yi^u/ld^V. xc isfeated on the Bert, 1 '. mile W. N. VV . ofDorcheikr, and ifS W. by S. ot Lon- don. Lon. 2. ;2. W. lat. ^o. co. N. Bearai.ston', a imall town in JJe- vonihirc, that fends two members to parliame.r., and had a market, now di - ufed. It is 10 miles N. ot Plymouth. Lon.4. 20.V.Mnt. :;o. 2^.N. Bf \KN,alarf province of France, bound- ed on the E. by Bi?orre, on the S. by Arra- gon, on the W. bv Soule and a part ot Lower Navarre, and on the N. by Galcony Pr.per and Armaiimc. It is 40 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. The plains are' fertile, cfpeciaUy in prftures, and tlic hills are leaded with vines. The people are f )ber, aftivc, and fo dafirous ot earn, that nuniljers go to work in Spain every vear, to till the eround, pet in the JvirveiV, or foUo\v tlici- occupations ; for the Spaniards t! emfelves are very indo- lent. It now forms with Balques, the department -^tihe Lower Pvrenee':.- ^ BF.AUCAiHl-.. a town of Fiance, in the department of Oard and late province of LingueJ.c, on the Rhone, oppodte Taral- C'-n, with which it had a communication bv a bridge of boats. The f/ir of the Ma?dalen, which is held July i2, pirtly in the town, and partly under tents in an BE A 5^. aliacent valley, is, perhaps, one of the moit famous in Europe, It is 10 mi^-3 E. of Mifmes. Lon. 4. 39. E. lat. 43. ;o. N. Bkai.'ck, h Lite province' of France, between the Me of France, Blafois, and Ovleanoi'.. Tt is fo .''ertile in wheat, that it is cali-.d the ;j;nnary of Paris. It now fivms the department'.'/ Eure and Loire. BKAUFOKf, a town of France, ii the department of Maine ;-.nd Loire and late province of A-r'o. L s a caftl.'. tne birthplace of J.:hn of Heau.ort, eldeli fm of John (if Cauat .luko .-f Lancafter, by his third wire Carharins Swinford ; and from thi'.cartk hisdelcendants.the Kn^lilh family of bomerfet, take the title of Duke. It is j; miles E. of An,:;ers. Lon. 0. 9. W. la;. ^7- '~f^- N. BtAt'FORT, a town of Savoy, on the river Oron, 12 miles N. E. of Monftier. Lon. C. 2S. E.lat. 4V -.c. N. BtAUjKt'., a fmall ti..nd!ome town of France, in the department of Rh(jne and Loire and late province ot Lyonois, with a cattle famous for its antiquity, fcated on the river Ardicre, at the foot of a mountain, eii^ht miles \V. ol Shohc. L>n. 4. 40- E.lat. 46. 9. W. Bf. AUMAKf.s, the c.mnty town of Angle cj, in N. Wales, with two markets, on Wednefday and Saturday. Jt It.ouU on the ftrait of Meiiai, :'.nd was fortiiied with a caltle by Edv/aid L It is ■];uvenK:d hv a mavor, recorder, two oailitl's and i* C(>mra.,!n-coi'ncii-luen, and lends one nituif ber to parlianunt. It'lu,^ no trade ; tnit the bay before it affords good anctKjraj^e, and ia a frequent refuge for Ihips in llormy weather. Ir is 59 "ules 'X , by N. of Chelter, and 241 N. W. of LondjiJ. Lon. 4. i:. W.Lr. ^3. i:.N. BiiAiMos'i, a town if Franc, in the department of the Nor;h and late F'n.nch llainault. It was taken by the Englifll in 1691, who blew up the caUe. It )» fca'cd between the Macfeand Samurc, lO miles E. of Maubetfi^e. Lon. 4. 19, £._• lat. 50. ii.N. BKAUMONT".SL'R-OiSt, a town of France, in the dcparinu nt of Seine aTid Oh'e and late pDvince of the ' ile of France, feated on the deciivily of a hill, on the river Oi.c, 20 nuits N. ot Pa- ris. Lon. 2. 26. Ti. lat. 49. q. N, Beaumont LK-Ro,;i.K, a France, in the department of L' and late pn^vince of N'irmanc.; S. W. of Rouen. Lon. c. 1,6. 7. N. EKATJMON'T-I.F-VtCOMl K, a town or France, in the department of Sartt a..d late province of Maipe, 10 miics i>'. of M-ms. Lon. o. ti. E. l..t. 4*^. 4. N- Bi-'.At'Ni, a Inndu.iUf' town •% Francj, in the dcj'aitment of Cote d' Or and lo'.c province of BiuEiui ly, reinarkai;le tor itj excellent wine, and iix an h ''.pual found- ed in 1443. It is 25 miles S. W. of Dijon. Lon. 4. 47. E. lat. 4-. o. N. Bic .\ u V A is,an epifcopal city of Franco, in dep.irtment of Oife and latJ province of the lllc of France. The cathedra', is ad- mired for Its tine archirefture. Among the other churches, is St. S'cphen's, re- Uiarkablc f 'r Its curious wuui.nvs. It w'l belieged by the F'.ri-lilh in 1413 to n-> purp.!'..', and iu.i4M Iv the duke of Bur- gundy, wiihanlH-.iiy cf 80, cc' men. In the hitter, the ivomen fis^r,a|lzcj rheni-« feh-es, under the conduft ot Jeanne Ha- chfttc,. who obliged the duke to raife ths ii. ^e ; and, in uieuiory of their cxpbiis town of ■■.■i;r Sei'C . 11 ir.U':» 1 .. i-l. 49. -- -T- BED the women walk fir^ in aprocclTion on the lothof j u!y, t'.io aiir.iv crl'cu-y ot tiitir df Uvtr- ance The inh;ibii.int» carry on a good t.T.i!c in bLMutitul tapLftry. It is Icatul on the nvtr TiicUn, 4^ ">'l" N. ot Pari,. L'-n. 1- 5- ^- '-'f- 4<)- '■^'- ^• Bhauvoir-suk-mrk, a maritime town of Fraucc, in the aqrirtir.cnt ot "Vcnatc aiul la'f province of I'oitou, ij Lon, 54' W miles S. W. of Nantes. '%t?BtLiNUL'FN, a town of Germany, in the duchy of W.ncnihurg, k-atcc! -u a lake from which the river Worm pncccds ; ,0 miles N. VV.of Stutiiird. Lo„. 9. z. V lat 4li- >S. N. lil-C. a town pf France, in th-: dopnrt- nic.it of Lower Seine and la'c province ot Normandy, at v! •• contlner.ce ot tw., rivers, with a late nobk Ikiu.d.dmc ab- Vcy ; i« milt^ S. W. 01 Rouen. Lon. o- c'. E. lat. 40. 14- ^'' . ^ fl- „ B^CCL^:^, alarre town in Suit Ik, on the navigable river Wasenev, with a mar- ket on baturdav. U has a noi le churrl, tivh a loftv ftecple ; and the rum. ot Tnler church are ItillvUibie. here are likewUe two freeiehooU ; one ot them with .0 feholarihips for Ema.uiei CoUcge, Cambridge. IY^'-VW'f of S \V of Yarmouth, and loS N. H.. ot London. Lon. ,. ..5. E.lat 52. 5. N.tulia, bounded on the N. by .he Bla- k Sea ontlieW. bv the lea ot Marmor.. . on the S. by Proper Natol,:,, ano on ti.r I bv U'lli- It was aucuMUlv calleu ■»jithvnta. The principal u-wn^is Burla. BK»A-.;n.ux, or Bkc-u'Auu-.vx, a town of France, in the dcparnrent ot Heranlt and late i,rovmce .. L^-^^''- 'J^- on the river One, ro miles _N. otBez.er.. Lon. 7. 2J.E. lat. 45. ?y.,'^- BtoM- a (mall town ni the N. ruling cf Yorkll.n-e, with a market on Tue-day^. jt is ,0 miles S. E. of Richmond, and no N. N.W.of London. Lon. 1.^5. ^VSEom^^^^N, a village near Croy- don, in Su.rv. Here is B^.ldmgton Park i^c ancient leat. of t.e Carews, one ot W. many laid -o have been the re.idence inueen E!i;a!>e.h. In the park, winch i, flunous for walnuts .s an avenue tr-es called Queer Enia.Ktus Wall.. The'church is a C otitic pile, , with ft«u>, -..-» -^ BEE in the ainc-,, after the manner of cii'..:.. drals. . HiiUEN, or BF.niNG, a village in ^11- f.x, 13 uiiles from Lewes near a river jf as own name, which runs into the Englilll Ch nnel at New Shoreham, and produces very "oud uuillets, pikes, eels, &c. Bi:''iir:r.. a tonilied citv of ibi Dtccan of IL.iiiooltan, in the fouoah of Dowlata- bad. It was once the cap val of a cond- lUr.iMc kiM-dom, and is aoout «o miles N. W. of liyd.abad. Lon. 7S. o. E. lat. 17. 0. N. ' BiDFonn, the county town of Bed- f rdliMre, with two maikets, ou Tuetday and Satudav. It is ieaud on the Cniic, which divi.les it into two parts, u.utcd by a t-ndire with a t-aie at cacti end. It has five churchcH, a'r.d toTincriy had a Itronj; eil\le, whole lue is nov/ a bowhng-sireen. It is lioverncd bv a mayor, iiakleimen, a recorder, autl two uai'.itls ; and lends two members to parliament. It is ^7 mdei E. by N. .■ Uuckiiighani, and 50^.0/ \V. of London. Lon. o. 30. W. In. 52. 13- N. . c - i Bi nFOV 3 5 n>i!es, and it. -rca-elV breadth 22. it lies in the di.-.cefe'of Lincoln, contains <, hundre^ls, ,0 market-towns, and 124 pa"*!'CS and fc-.'ls four members to parliamtrit. I he air is puro and wholefonie. It^ prin-t,-. nvors are the Ouie anci the l^^^'- /f^ ciMuf produdts arc corn, butter, pnd ful- ler's earth ; iis nr.nufatturts lacv, Itraw, ha's, balkets, and toys. : Bfdnorf, or Bii)T>ANORF,a town > -he peninfula .,f Hinri.ooftan, and in th.e dominions of Tippoo Saltan, ^'^f'^'^' Mylorc. It was taken by general Mat- the-wsin January 1 7S3i but it vvas lur- rendered to Tippo) in May following. The capitulation was perlidioully violated, and theVeneral, it is fuii^xiied, was poifon- .,1. Bednoreis 4=^ "■'■!« S. E. ot Bom- b,v, and .S- N. W. of SeriniMpatam. Lon, 7S.30-E. lat. 14. c. N. BFi>w)N-MAt.NA,atownin Wiltf^iire, five noUs S. W. ot Hiingerford.whRhhas „.Mther marker wT fair. 1 ut ,! FMAH, a river of Hindooftan, m ,hc J5.cc.n. 10 IS a P-"^""!'^' j^'-^T?''' 'J the K.1II 11a, cominy; from the N.VV.and of joining it near Edghin It nh s in the nvuiniains to the N. of Poonah, and pafiti within 30 miics of the E.Mcot that <^y. 36. BtFORT, -!-.yi.*jWlK*« n-ic-se^;- E E he miinmr of c%\-.t rNG, a viilae;e in i^nU ;we>^, near a river of its runs into the Englilh oreitam, ami pvoauce* :iikcs, eels, Sic. td citv oi \.hi Dcccan he louti.ih of Dowlata- thc car. val nf h confi- I,! is auout «o inilei N. Lull. 78. o. E. U. t7- county town of Bed- ) mil kets, uu Tuefiiay IS icattd on the Ou'.c, to two parts, uiiitcd by e at cacli end. It has ti.riTicriy had a It ton j; i now a bowling-grten. a mayor, 12 aide) men, ■) bai'.irt's ; and leiuls ty.o [inc'.u. It is 17 'Tiiles iiighani, and 50 N. by ,on. o. 10. VV. hf. 52. IE, a county in En^!anii, fj. E. bv Huntiiisidon- hv Canibridi;eli);r;-, on ;cris, on the S. V\ . by ic N W. by North.mp- noH lengtn is 3 5 r'x.kf, cadth 22. it lies in the In, contains <) hundre^ls, ;, and 114 parilf'cs, and tiers to parlianitrit. The .diolefonie. 1' prin-.^.d (uie and the Ivel. Its re corn, butter, siid fuU iinnufacturts lact;, Ihasv, 1 toys. or Bii>riANORK,a town .,f Hinriooftan, and in the_ ippoo Sultan, ret;cnt of )s taken by general Mat- ry 17S3 ; bvit it vvi.s lur- ppo-) in May following,-. 1 was perlidioully violated, it is fii|>iioied, was poifon- 4t.2 nv.ks S. E. of B"ni- N. W. of Serini^',apatam. lat. 14. O.N. \(;NA,a town ill Wiltlhirc, '. of Hiinuerford, whithlMt. "n'-r f.iu\ 1 lit 'ends tNvo iiamenl. It 1? 7 1 i-T'cs '^^'■ a river of Hindo'-iftan, in lt> is a praicip^.l '-.rarch of .niingfrom the N, W.and r Edghir. It rilVs in the ic N. of Poonah, and paHt« s ut the E. fide of that dty. 'W*- li 11, JL. Befort, a final! but ftrnn'.; town of France, in the dcpartn.cnt of Upper Rhine u-.d l;.tc province of Alfice, at the foot of a iiv uii>;iin, 2S miles VV. of Balil. Lon. 6.S+- E-Iat- 47- ^6- N. Bkgia, or Bkggia, a townot Africa, in the kinL,doni of Tunis, with a llrong Ciftle, (.n the declivity of a mountain, 6j miles \V. of Tunis. I.on. 11. 3°- £• '-''• 36. 4^- N. ■» Bi.HAi- River. £ecCnF.iuM. Bkia, a large town of Portiu al, in Aknrej.1, near a l:'.';'.' of the lame name ; 71 miles S. E. of Lifjon. Lon. 7. 4'-'- W. lat. 3-. ^o. N. ■■' Bl-.JAPOUR. Sec VlSIArol'R. Bf.lCin.lNOFN, a i:own lA Gninnny, in Tliurin'Ma, 17 ntiles N. of Wcmuir. Lon. II. r,c. E. lat. ',1. 22. N. Blin-h-^im, a fort of France, in Al- ftice. on the river Sur, near its conf.ucnre with thf: Rhine ; fix miles S. W. of Rai- tadr. Lon. S.8.E. lat. 4S. ;o. N. Bfila. a town o( Piedmonr, 32 imks N. (if Turin. Lon. 7- 50. E. lat. 4;. 34. N. BnnA, a province of Purtupal, Ivmnd- cd on the N. by thofe of Tra-los-Montcs and Entre-Douero-e-Minho ; en the S. by Portugueic Eftramadura ; on the E. by Spaniih Eftrama luia ; and on the W. by tiic Atlantic Or<.,ai. BLf.CA:;Tko, an epifcopa! town of the kini;.^int; the Iri'bour with'LouH;h-Nea,-h, was cony p!cti:J at the clofe of i793- Lon, 5. 5;. W. iat. 54.46. N. B E L Bki.g ^TtnF.v, a town of Germany, in P.mierania, ■;, mil'.s N. E. of Stetin ;Tuh- ju.c to Pruilia. Lon. i s- 53- E- !«• 54- >o- ^' BEi.f;on^oD, a town of; JJi (liirabta, in I Eur.ipe.it> Tiii-V.ty, at the Mouth of the Dnxiter, Ss miles S. E. of B. nder. BKtOKAUE, a ftrong P.nd famous rown of Turkey m Eumpe, the capital of Ser- via, and a Greek hiiliop's fee. It is fctitcd on a low li.ll, wliica reaches to the Da- n'.ibe, J htilc above its coniU.cnce \vjth the Save. It was tal-en by prince Eugene, in 171?, and was kept till 1739, when it was ceded to the Turks. It was agaia taken in 1780, iiy m.ir:hal Laiulohn, but rep, red at the peace of Reicnenbaeh in i;uj. li is ?.(i$ miles S. E. of Vienna, and 400 N. W. of t'onlUntiiiople. Lon. 21. 2. E. lat. 45. 10. N. B,:i.(;aAi)E, a fmall town of Romania, in Eur'-.|;ean Turkey, on the flr.ut of Ccnft.inliii...plc, to miles N. of that city. Lon. 21). o,E.l.;t. 41. 22. N. BtLGRAliu, a town of Italy, in Friuli, fulijedf to Venice _; feated near the Toja- menra, 10 miles from Udino. Lon. 12. ■;;.E.iat.4^. 5(1. N. Bf.li.ac, ?. town of France, in the de- partment of Upj'cr Vicnne and late pro- vince of Limofm, feated on the Vin(;nn, 20 miles N. of Limoges. Lon. i. 20. E. lat. 46. 10. 'N. Bf.cci.ahk, a town of Ireland, in the county of Sligo, 22 miles S. W. of Sligo. L.in. S. 54. \V.!at. !:4. i. N. Bt-i.i.i.c.Aiu), a ftrong pk'.ci of Franre, in the department of the Ettllern Pyre- nets and late province of Ronlhllon, above t!ic delile of Ptrtuis, on the frontiers of Catalonia. It is fortifud, and an import- ant place, on account of its being; ;'. paHlitre to the Pyrenees. Lon. 2. 56. E. Jat. 42.27. N.' Br.LLEOARDK, a town of France, in the department of Sau.ie and Loire and late province of Burgundy, feated on the river Saonc, 15 miles N. E. of Chalor,** Lon. 5. 10. E. lat. 46. c-.N. Be'.ee-1s i.K, an iflar.d of France, 53 miles from the coah of Brittany. It i» I : mill s lone, and five broad, T'iie princi- pal place is 'Palais, a fmail fortified town, with a citadel. It was rak-n by the Eng- lifli in 1761, and reftorcd in i7f'3- It is diverrilkd with craggy maintains, falt- works, and plealant fertile plams. Lon. 3.6. tV. lat. 47. iS.N. Bf.i.i.i -IsEF-, tin il! and of N. America, at the mouth of the ftrait between New Britain and the N. end of Newfmmdland. The pafTage between them is called the 5;. 25. W. lat. '* Br I. llrait of Bch':-Ifle. Lon. 5i.5i. N.. I* B E L BEN fc VV. ot Pans. Lon. o. 4:- i^.. Ll 4^- " ._^^ ^^ ^i^^^ ,j^^ ^_„^,„^i^., ^j- i^«ringham, «3- ^'- .» „ ;„ »1,K. H- \),.rbN',Lnre(UT. Rutland, and Nortliamp- ,b. Rhone, w n^iks N. of Chamfcevry, f^J ,.^„^ , jj^.j^ „f Hin'>oo(lan s.,c'. i.o S. E. 01 Pans. Lon. s- 5°- i^- p^_.,.^ i^^,^^^^„ ^,1,,^ ,.d Oudc. It I-:. 4<- 4/'- ^'• , M, ,u„^u,,,. r-.uuiKs th(. ciicars of Benares, J wnpour, !am!,.w.th an>.J«o,, Tn 1 .y.^^^ ^ _,_^ ,^^ .VT.', anrl produces a cka. ,.1 mil.; ^. M. V\ . "' t^'i"^- '*"'' ^"" 11:^ revenue uf s'.io.oocl. a year. K. -N. W. of Londnn. Lon. i. .0. U . r<.vcn^.c ut^j^ o,^ ^ ,-„,/Hch. .nd populous Ist.'^S- '"-N. . ,„ (.;rv. tamtal of the diilvift of the fame BHLTtN.oyA, %^7'Vl 7' :'':•'•,,; ,,;. 'Ahhuu^hi.is rhc>noR^,^,Tlpa.^rly rented .>n the nP.no, f'^'^ "■"- ; ;^'':^'',;, f ,,,| i,.,,,i,.^ than on ;my ether account. v.bce where it t.'.U nv.o rh. L.ftoM .,;„.- -j- - ^^'^^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^_ ^^^,^ ^,,f ,,,,, q 0,T. L^t>. S. .6. r-, .«;. f ■^^,V ,';;f .,,„,„ ^^hicu i. liere very brev.',, and the banks Br t.trN o, a hnudiotiie tov n 1 1 .u.y, j appearance from tia- ua- c,pit.lof '•-^--'-•'■'^?^^^;'2 vi '; e V^rn:m:.lv\L.tirul. Several Unt-- It !-,fram!?nonK.hr; A'nsonth u.tr «„bc'.hn. the banks ot the Pi.ve. >5 '^-^il'^ '^^ ^- <^^ ^^'"■'- ^'■"- "" n'e l.^,-,ng, to the Ven.y.ns iymg t^"^]^^" ^J^*^ "^^ rtve ftone. crxh, inhabited by d.t- Friuii. Cah!- Jf: It ,s not fo con,tnodio„.,.nc.r f. i-c- Cucntcd, .,s the b .. , , ,.,,^„f §,,.,. ff.-7"n over f'' iurn, t. < ^..li^m.^, J:n,!^...K'over>t^..^l.aa,.lu.ntotake C(l-tnb:i!;i 1. ,Tr ,,? tVr Belt. t:,<; u.iTTtE, rr, u , , ^ the German nr?:.rIUlr, bs t.vrrn i'U' ^^^<^^''^tff^'''!^-^ ,.or three niiks in ..r«dth,.anc. very cook. d. hot rnRco iviio: i,oD. a4' ' '- ii»n^e, '" ('■' on 'be v.; . c- Jill the'" r:a- E. «f rir.r a>d onr fr-imtlV; IV-.i,;'.o, at;r,-.nofrnh>nd, ,0 niiies M. of Leiuburg. 'it. V"- i'-- ^• ,V, h cor.fK'ei'able town ■-. .,n.d is the r...oU ter-til.^ in i ' rbc tov n i'? '7 "■'i"^'' ^' ,M..'t i. fob;. ."I to ihe Turks; of tbi irt'tv; vir.ec lie; rilCn^, called' i^vivedere^ come ilntb ■HP.^.,,IR C.V'.TI.K.. in Llnco £L,rihcd«'.e3ofRut'and.tuppolca.o f .^l• it ; a;id round the city are many runv (>f buildlne^, the eti'etts ot Mahometan in- tolerance." Notsvithlbnding thi., the fame manner'- and cuftoms flill )irevaH a.-nonethefe people, a, ar the moft .cn.otc r,ri<:i that can be traced in hiftorv ; and in no instance of .. ligious or civil hte have • they admitted any innovat.ons from t reisncrs. The 1. at here, •" '^^ ^ months, is verv great, not on.y t.-om t.,^ natural fituation <;fthec.ty, but from tli^ houfes i:e.nvi i^ll built of freello.ie, .t; wc.l as from the narro\vnei.. of the Ur.ets, vvhieli produce double and treble rehcc tions ot tb.c fun's rays. An inli.rrea.on hci-e 'n 17.ST, h.id nearly proved fatal to t!-e Kn-'hlh interefts in Hi.idooftan ; in cenfcnucnce of which. Cheyt S np t|i<; /emendnr of the province, was depolett in i-'^.3- Bcnar:3 is 4-. m'l" ^' 'V "* D.lhi, and 400 N. W. of Calcutta. Lon. 83. lO.E.lat. %■-,. :o. N. . Kt N- A V A u K 1. a town of Spain, in Ar • ,1 ra"on, . 7 miies N. of Lerida. Lcn. o. 4r E:iat.4^....N. .: . ^^^^_ E N lan ft^^ti^n, a« many of nvt bct:u dii^ up here. K laid foiin after tnc Nor- jit alf rds A dclighti-'ul Icountics ol' Nnttingham, 1 Rut land, and Northamp- i:r the fiuii.tul valley uii- S>;c Bt. KMINSTER. |a diftiirt of i-lin''oo(lan Ua'tiar aid Oudc. Jt Irs lit Bnnarcs, Jionpnur, ;v ji'JMr ; was ceded to lac ; anl produces a clear loci, a )'ct.r. a line, rich, :ar>d popuKnis ihu diii'.'ivl ot the fame [h u if. rhc inoft coitipa'Mly m H'.r,dio!h>n, it is nv-TC (. ani-ii.nt itjr of Bramini- nn ;iuy ether account. lie N. Mc of the G;inj;e';, try bro'd, ^.nd the banks appearance from the wa- ■ licaiuifiil. Scleral I'iii- ibc'.liih the baT>k.s of the y other p'jolic and prii'i.re ira^nificeitf. Tne 1ii'ec* N. It r, a t( wii of Spain, in Ar- ts N. of Lerida. Len. o. 4v .N. BlNA- 1 BEN Bkvavknto, atown of Spain, InLcon, «n the river Ela, 23 miles S. li. of Aliorj^a. Lon. 5. 7- W. lal. 4*. t- N. Beshkcula, an i(laii iiiMng to the En^liih. A ipiarter of a mile from the lea, Ihiiids an Indian vill.(i;e, wimle hoiifes art (mall and lo'.v, and l)i.iili un po'ii; . The natives have a fw.irthy complexion, and their ftatiire ii flcnder .'.ml (hai:ht. They ar'j very defiroiti of trafTJF,R, a town of Ttirkev in Kii- rope, in BefTarabia, on the river DiiiclUr, 100 inih-s N. W. of Be!i;orot!. It is re- mari.able for the rernk'ncc of Charles XII.. of Sweden, who retired hither r.frer his defeat at Pultowa. It v/as taken bv the Rulfians in 1789, but refiored by the trea- ty of YaflTa m 1790. Lon. .;9.-c. E. b't. 46. 58. N. Bf.nedetto, St. a town of Itniy, in the Mantuan, 3^ miles S. E. of Mantua. Lon. II. 2 5.K. lat. 44.44. N. Bi;kesof.uf, a town of Egypt, re- IT rkable for its hemp and flax ; Uatcd nn the Nile, >;e iniks S. of Cairo. L.m. 'I. 10- K. lit. 29. 10. N. Bf.nkvento, a handCome, large, and rici> city «'f the kint;(!om of Naples, wiili sn archbiOijp's fee, Ii ins fiiftered j.Tca'-iy by enrthipiakcs, particularly in 16S8, when the arjhbiftion, afterward pope Bcnedidt XII!, was dug c-it of the ruins alive. When !>.c was advanced to the p-ipa! chr'.ir, he rebuilt this place, ft is iuijjeft to the pope, and featctl in a fer- tile valley near the conllu' nee of the Sa- boro and Caloro, 3; miles N. E. of Na- ples. Lon. 14. 57. E. iat. 41. 6. N. Bknffld, a town of 'fiance, in t)i« departmer; of the Lower Rhitic and late province :.f Alface. Iti fortilk.itious. v/erc t^etnolillted in confetpience of the treatv of W'elljihalia. It is leated on the river Ul, 1 '. iiiilis S. W. of SLrafi;urg. Lon. 7 41;. R. lat. 48. 24. N. Bh.soM,, a country of Afn, in the S. part i)f Hiiuloiiftaii. Its extent from E. to W, ii upwuil of .po iiiiLs, and from N. to S. above 300. It is bounded on tha W. by OriiFa and Bahar, on tlic N. hf Bootan.on the K, by A'.i'am and iVIeckley, aiul on llie S. by the gulf ft fertile I'oil in the world, wlueh, in common witii other parts of Ilindooilan, annually renders V\\o, and, in lorne parts, even three er i|)':. Its priixipil producla are fugar, filk, fruit, pepper, n the N. and extends to C.ipe Negro on t^ie S. that is, from 9'^ 20" to ift*' ;i 7" S. !.:t. The climate is Very pernicious to Euro- peans. Tne men wear fkins about their w.iitts, and beads ro^ind their necks ; arM are armed with darts headed with iron, and with bn.vs and arrows. The womea wear a heavy collar of copper round their neck, a ki.id of clith, made <;f the bark of a ti((, round their waifJ, and copper rin^» en tli'.ir legs., * Bt;Ni;i'F.r,A, the capital of the king- dom of the fame name, v.'here the I'ortu- gutfo have a fort. It lies to the N. of the bay of Benguela. Lou. ii. 30. lb. lat. to. ,30. S. _ , BfcNix, a kingdom of Africa,^iewratd on the W. by Dtiujiny and the ocean ; on the N. bv lii.if.ira ; on the K. bv parts iiiikno < n ; and on the S. bv L lang.". It h.-gins in 1° S. lat. and extends to about 9" N. lat. The country exhibits man/ beautiful landlcapes ; but the air is noxi- tius and even peftilentia!, on account of the grofs vapours txhalfd from the marihes, by tiie bi-at of the fun. Tha jirodufts of tjie country, and thf: animals \v)th which it abounds, appi .ir to be the fame as on other parts of tlic coilt of' Africa. The drels of the natives is neat.: Tiie rich werr white calico i;r c-jtcon pet«. ticoais, but the tipper part of the b'ldv i» coiiiniuiilv I h f Ii B K N ct,mmonlyt,.kcd. The wot.cn ufcRrc.t In in .IrcHlnjr thcv ha.r. ^1"^'' ^ J, . H.icc into n v;irictv "f f"'ms. Tli(- P*:" J a " Ikilful in n,aking v.run,, Inrts n fits ind tlKV manuf.Aurc md export o. to; dths. '^ With rcfpca to ord. ? cv nrcfc- the r,cn> r,f do- and cals to hat of anv ..her anin.ah Volv.amy .. icd ao^o.,, .l>cm, i.nd the uu-Tdnr of Se wScs is limited hv the 1 ate o thc.r each other, they .re nK lo -^"^ .; ' l pcans, and they Unnk u ''^M^f " '^ '^^^ ^;^, Lie of the women cnn he h) deprAxe 1 as o.ra t. T^y improper hb.r,i,.s to a wm^^ ,^an. Their rehgion is pni'in.l.n. T h r king i. abr.lt.te, and has a ^rent number of ticttv princes under lum. . • N.N, .hecapnalof thcV,n«domof tV. lame ^amc in Africa, forn,erly a ve. v clofely-built and popvdot.s c. y In '^ ft" es, which are lonj^ and broad .c n,any hops filled -,vi,hKm-opeanmcrchn. dc a, well -as with ,hecommod,r,c. oh. CO mtrv. The homes t,ow Itand yulelv SSom each other ; thev arc ah hUt with cli.y, and covered w.ta rev..-., ftr.w , Tr leave; The women keep the llreets ^t and clean, A pvincip. P" " t - towt^ is occupied by the ro>al paacc, 'Eh IS of vaft extent, but neither ee. la t nor commodiotis. Benin .. Inuned In the rivcrBenm or Formola. Lon. 5. near Fort William, in the ihue ''i .1^]^'- rX It is efteemed the hi^heft m U 1. ^l\u r\(U move than 4300 feet above the levd of the fea, its pointed fumm.t capped ^'''.^BENN.NCTOK, the principal town nf the ftate of Vermoiu in New Kngland. t the S. VV. corner of the ftatc, near the f vJtht Green Mountain. Its ptibhc S dts" e tchurch, a courthoule, and rill but tb.e alfembly commonly hold rhi feffioir. at Windlor. 1 1 h,.s many ele- ^ % honlV and is a Houri!hmg town. C"u,^e.f. the town is Mount SE.bv% of Albany. Lon. ,3- -o. ^K;;^i;,M.'l- town of Germa.v in the palainaie of the Rhine, on a rivnile , ,0 i^iles N. E. of Worm.. Lon. H. 4-. ^ BEKxnr'o;,'!' town of Germany, in .hS^l^ofWe«phah.capi.l.^a^muy ^Ites^Wr^lMui.^;. Lon..: Lon. B ER Italy, 10 miles N. \'.. cf Bologna. ii.'m. 1'.. lat. 44- V- N- _ , ■ Ul RAH, a Ibubah of the Dercan ot llindaoftan, Imunded hv Malvaand Albi- liahad on the N. Orilfa on the K. Gol- conda on the S. and Candeini and Dow- latahad on the W. The principal part of it is lubie.-.t to tlie llaj.'li Moodajcc Koonflah ; tlie other to the Niz.mi of iho D'ccin. Mood.ijee's coimrry extends t-o miles from E. to \V. and in fonic pliccs, ioo fr.an N.to S. ^ Its capital is Nagpoiir. Ld's is kno '' ' " »i I ■ii«^voGUO, a' town and caftk of P't'' - -. , Lds IS Kno.\n of the interior parts ot IJerar than of uio!> rf the other cmntvies ill Hitidooftan. 'I'hat about Nagpour 13 fertile and well cultivated ; but thr Rcnc- ral appe-.rance i.f the country, particularly between Na;pour and Orltfa, is that ot 1 foreft, thinly let with villai'es and townr,, Br.RAiJM,a town of li. hernia, capnal of a circle of the fame name, 1 1 miles W. of Prague, Lon. 14- ^i- ^''- 'a^- 5°' 3.N. , . . Hi-iiUU-F., a river of S. America, m Gmana, which falls into the Atlantic Ocean between Demcrary and Surinam. Bi'.RCiiTOLscABfcN, a town of Ger- manv. in Srdt/.burg, which ferves all the ntijilibourhood \vith i*ilt ; leated on the river Aa, 10 miles S. W. of Saltzburg. Lon. 13.0. E. U.47. 3°- N. Bkrdoa, a town of Pevfia, in a fertile plain, 10 miles W. of the river Cour, and 62 S. E. of Grandga. Lon. 48. o. b.. lat. '^'^•' BF.nEiLT.Y,afmallc!tvnfHindooflan Proper, capital of Rohilcund, or country of the Uohillas, which was conquered D7 the nabob of Oude in i774- It |« ^alt way between Lucknow and Delhi, 120 miles from each. Lou. 79- 4°- E- lat. i^. 30. N. BicREKicE. Sec Sui./.. Berv-Rk.«is, a town of Dorfetlbvrc, ^vith a market on Wcdnefday : i. miles E by N. of Dorchefter, and 113 S. V\ . of London. Lon. z- i;- W. lat. 5°- '^'^iiKRG, a territory of Germanv, in the circle of W^eftphaha. U is full of weroi and mountains, and bclontis to the eleUor palatine. Duffeldorp is ihe capital. _ ^ BERC-.AMO.a province ''* ^taly, m the teiTitory of Venice, WdedbvBreicai ,l,c Valteline, and the Milancle. Toward the N. h IS mountainous and rocky, put about the capital, Ikruamo it '^^ery fer- tile. Their language is the moft coirupt of anv in Italy. , Bergamo, a large, populous, ftrcn,, and ancient town of ^^'^'^ ] '^Pf ^^^^^ i-amo, with u ttiong cuacel, and :■ bill^ p U. It U faraou. for U» Itwing Ulk^ tYn B E R — ^ B E R vf. v.. cf Bologna. Lon, +4. ?7. N. Ihuiiah of the Decent! of uird l>v Malva'.md Al!:i- . Orilfa on the K. Ool- ;in(? C miltini and Dow- VV. Thu princjpil p;ivt ; to tlic lloi'li TNIoodijce ithcr to the Ni/.tni of ilu ijct's coi'iury extends c-o ) W. and in Ionic plicos, S. Its c;ipit:\l is Nagpovir. of the interior parts of \oi\ rf the other cnuntucs That about Nagpnur 15 cultivated ; hut the Rcne- ,f the i-o'Mitry, partirtiluiy iur iind On(fa, is that of 1 t with villni'f^ and towiir,. town of H^jlicmia, caj^'al e fame name, 1 1 miles W. jon. 14. 2-.. K. lat. 50. a river of S. America, in h falls into the Atlantic 1 Dtmcrary and Surinam. .si;abkn', a town of Ger- /.burg, which fcrves all the I w itli i^.lt ; feated on the miles S. W. of Salt^burg. . lat. 47. 30- N. I town of Pevfia, in a fertile s W. of the river Cour, and randga. Lon. 48. o. E. lat. T.Y,a fmall citv of Hindooflan d of Rohilcund, or country is, wdiich was conquered by Oude in nu- if ''« half Lucknow and Delhi, 120 du Lou. 79- 40- E. liJt. 2'i. E. Sec Sue/.. Gis, a town of Dorfetlliirc, ,ct on Wcdiicfday : 12 miltt Dorchefter, and 113 S. W. Lon. 2. i;- ^V. lat. 50, ti'Vfitory of Gtrmanv, in the ftphalia. It is full of woods lis, and bclciiitjs to the eltftor ■ufTeldotp is th>; cnpital- o, a province of Italy, i" the Venice, bounded bv Hreica, :, amltheMilancle. Toward mountainous and miky. but pital, Ikrii.'.mo, it is very ter- • language »s the moft corrupt aly. 10, a lari-e. popidous, ftrcn?', town of Italy, capitilotBtr- ailrongciiaccUaiidi. bilHop s t'iiraou* for it» ftwing U\k ; aud and its fair, on St. n.itholomew's (•av, is refrtcd to by liiercti iuts from Italv, Sicily, and Germany. Jt is 33 miles N. K. of Milan. Lon. 9. 4T- li- lat. 4,. Bkkcjas, a to AH of Romania, in Euro- pean Turkey, w'ith a Circels arch.billiop's I'cp, on the river LarilTa, 40 niili-s S. I"', of Adrianople. Lon. 27. 40. E. lit. 41. 14. N. Bi';n'» ahandfome and anciint Ica- port of Norway, with a (Irong caflle, a deep harbour, and a hidiop''- lie. 7'hcv carry on a great trade in tkiir, fir-wood, and dried Iftlli ; but all their wheat is br(jught from other places. It is 3^0 miles N. by W. of Copenh.igen. Lull. 5. 45. E. lat. 60. J I. N. BFKCiRic, a town of Germany, in Po- ncrania, capital (>f the if!-- of Rugeii, fub- jcil to the Swedes ; 11 miles N. E. of StraUund. Lon. 13. 40. K. lat. 54. 23. N. Bf.rc;kn-op-Zoom, a town of Dutch Brabant, in the mar(jiiirate of the lame name. It is a handle, me place, and one of the ftrongeft in the Ketherlinds. It has feveral times been befiegcd to no piirpofe ; but was taken by the French, in 1747, bv treaeliury. It is feated partly on a hill. cir:ntly a Roman town •, and Romnn coinj have been often du.; up here. On the N. fide of the tov.n aii the rem.iins of acalUi, the refuleiice of the kings of Merei.i. In 697 a parliament was held here, and Ina's liws piiblillied. Here William tie C>ini)ueror fwore to his nobility to main- tain the laws mn\c by his predecelfors. Ilenrv 11. kept hi> court in this town, wnd granted to it many privileges ; and James T, whofe children wtie nurfcd hen , ma.leit a corporation ; but this government was dropped in the civil wars. Here arc two horpitah, a handlbmc Gothic cliurJi, and a tVeefchool. It is 26 miles N. W . of London, Lon. o. 31. W. lat. ^i, 46. N. ButKS, or Bt'JiK.sniR F., a county of EngLmd, bounded on tltc E. by Surrv, on the S. by Hants, (ni the \V. by Wilis, and on the N. bv OxfordHiire and Buckf, from both which it is divided by the Thames. From E. to W. ii txtem's above !;o miles, and from N. to S. it is 2; miles in the wideft, though nor more than 6 in the narroweft jiart. It contains • 20 hundreds, 12 market towns, and J40 rariflies ; and I'.-nds nine members to [wr- iiament ; two for the county, two each for Reading, New Windfor, and Walling- aiid partly on the river Zoom, which com- ford, and one for Abingdon. The air, municates with the Schcid by a canal, i ; in general, is extremely healthy. Its miles N. of Antwerp, and 22 S. W. of principal rivers arc the Thames, Kennct, Breda. Lon. 4.2;. P2. lat. 51.27. N. Lamborn, and Loddon. The E. part Bkrcar AC, arich, populous, and trad- has much uncultivated land, as Windfor in" town of France, in the department of Foreft and its appendages : the W. and Dordogne and Lite province of Perigord. middle parts producc^rain in great abund- It is feated on the river Dordogne, ko miles E. of Bourdcaux. Lon. o. 42. E. hi. 4;. o. N. B1.KGUKS, St. Vikox, a town of Frnncc, in the department of the North BERi.fN.a large, ftrong, and handfome citv of Germany, capital of the elcitorate (;f Brandenburg, where the king of Pruf- fia refides. The palace is magnificent. and late county of Flanders, fortified by and there is a fine library, a rich cabinet Vauban. It is feated on the river Colme, of curiofities and medals, an academy of at the foot of a mountain, five miles S. of fcicnces, an obfervatory, and a fuperb arfe- Dunkirk. Lon. 2. 28. E. lat. t;o. 57- N'- Berkeley, a town of Gloucetterlhire, with a marke!: on Wcdnefday. It is t-ovtrncd by a mayor and aldermen. Here is a caftle bcinui in the reign of Henrv I. and finifiitd in that of Stephen. nal. There is a canal cut frcjm the river Spree to the Oder on the E. and another thence to the Elbe on the W. It has a communication by water, both with the Baltic Sea, and the German Ocean ; and is feated on the Spree, 42 miles N. W. of It ftands on a rifing ground, commanding Francforton the Oder, and 300 N. by W. .1 deliijhtful view of the furroundiiig coun- of Vienna. Lon. 13. 31. E. lat. 52. trv and the Severn. In the civil wars it 32. N. fu'tlered confiderably. as it did a few years Bermuda, Somer's, orSuMMER Is- af;o by an accidcrtal fiic. The room in laxds, a cluikr of fmall ifl.inds, nearly which' Edward H. was impril'oncd is ftill in the form of a fliephcru's crook, and fur- to be feen. In the church are feme elc- rounded by rocks, which render them al- gant monuments of the Berkeleys. It is iS miles from Glouccfter, and 1 13 N. W. of London. P)KRKiiAMsTFAn, a town of Hens, with a market on Ivlonday. it was an- moft inaccefilblc to iVrangers. They le in the Atlantic Ocean, about 500 ni >8 Ey of Carolina. They arc inhabited by the F.nuhlb, enjoy a pure and tempcrtte air, and Lave plentj; uf flclh, Alh, and gar> ■ , 8 den ;.4;,i;B?.- f=tT.'^*&y.'-V' B E R ♦hr n nK.nnM is in building' (loup;. Thcvw're discovered by John Berm.Kl.z. . Sp^nis-.Ubm not i>.h;>bucd t.ll .fto,. In .n,. .n^d tbcy b.vc hclo,,«od to miflakc was caTHnl to N.'.v lM>uUnd, wS prevented his dcfirn.^ The.. -wn inildllufs "f ;:^'s;:&g^.-st.n.o,wsiiind.. the r^nit^I. The pcrp.tiul II r c.,«..«, 1- as well as S'Jincrs ,n Sviirni.ua: lice ,5 a ccl.lratcd fch.x,!.Hnchlibmv,:"vl.zc..mp;.n„:sof !SLi;.on, in one of vvhiJM^-V ..;•>';. - ant i> obliged to be. nn4Ub-^^^^ cu ov any "flicc. It is ■i "; "'^. 1 ' a Vc-ni.Vula, formed by the "vcr A . . The houfcs arc of a unc w.ue fadlm e, and rct.v m.iform. pnrfcul.rlv ,n he Scndllcot.wl.crctheyarcallcx;...,/ P r.n., height. Tlterc are pu>7..s en c:K,h tide, .uh a wal^., - "l our ^"^ ^T t '^^^ M. - ^tnnii;:^^ ?::r;;ir c a r;::;d tj.ir n..s are ' ' '" B ER. ,, of the c'.rclc of Upper ? ixouy, and princip. l,tv of Anh.', whnc a l>r.u,ch of tlie the river S.r:,, zi mitts S. VV. of Mag. Bkkn-castki, a town of Germany, in tiie eleftor.te of Trevc,, w.th a caHlc, bu.it in .Z77. It i^ rcrark.blc or ,« ro.^d wino, and is leaiul ..n th'; r.ver Mo- illlc, bfctuccu Trarba^h and vV.Vlcns. BtuKY, a late province of iMUKe, hnunded on the N. bv the Orkanoj,, Ulufois. and Ga.inois; >.n thi E. by the Nivcrnois M,rl the Bourbonnois ; on tlw S.hy the Bovirh'^nnois and Ma.-che ; an;l on the \V.byTo..,aine and 1 o.tou. It i fntilt in corn, Irmt, hemp, and flax ; and there is cxcilUnt wine in lomv plaKs. Ir now forms the t\vo departments of ChiT and Indre. _ .^ , ^ ,,, ,„ 15MIM.LL0. a fortified town of Ital), in ,hc Mo.len.Te -, IVatcl near .he conlln- cncc of the I.in/.a and P., i!l, 50 '".l^^- ^-t^;?^ r.m.uw., ■KT . 1^ I «,-;i>,!vil ice. and is 41 • 1U:uN-.thehrg.ft-ofth.; ,3"'i"n "f SwOViland, about . ^o mdcs in length, ,nd -; in b ead.h. It is divi. cod barrack. f.)r the .;arnlun. It anc int caftle, once the (eene of many a bluod/ fav is now in ruins. It is large, popi^- ■ '1-buiit, and has a good trade i7eorn'and ialmon. It is (tared on the Tweed, over which is a hand:>-me bridge STrarches. It f-cls two members to parliament, and is .47 "^' " ^ N bv W 5z S. E. of Kdmburgh, and 3 3^' ^'• ^Y ^^j 7 .:*^,.«^lg^fe^^^S?^^«®***^'**** ixony, ant! principa- ic a l)r,me bridge It fends two members to is 147 miles N. of York, burgh, and 336N. by W of B E T "^ -., -. London. Lon. 1. 46. VV. lat. 55. N. Hkrvv iCK-NoRTH,?. bormiRhof Scot- land, in IIadi, fonietiiiies called I'le Maf ; boimdtd on tlic K. by thi; German Ocean, on the S. E. by the Tweed, on the S. by Rox- bur!d>lhire,,on the W. bv Ivlinburijhlliire, an on the N. W. by HaddinL;tonlliire. Tlu. 3. part is a fcrtih and pleafant tradt ; and hi ing a low and flat country, is foinc- fimes called the How (that is, Hollow) ef the Mfrs. The S. E. ani;lc is occu- pied by Berwick Boimds ; a diftrift only cii;ht miles in compifs, governed by Eng- lilh laws, and accounted part of an Erig- lilh conntyi The prineipi! rivers arc the Tweed, Leader, Blackadder, White- aJder, and Kvc. * Bf.uwym Hills, lofty hills at the N. E. •in'.'lc of Merioneihlhire, beneath which fpreads the fine vale, in which flows the infant river Dee. HKSAN90N. an ancient, targe, and po- pulous city of France, in the department of Doiibs and late province of Franche Comt^. It has a good citadel, on a high rock, the bafe of w-nich touches both fides of the river Doubs, which here forms a peninfula, in the famu manner as the Aar doesatBern. The triumphal arch of Au- relian, and other Roman antiquities, arc ftill to be feen here. A modern trium- phal arch, and the ancient hotel-dc-vil!e, likcwife merit ;ittcntion. Befanqon is ftill an archiepifcopal ice; has an academy offcicnces, arts, and '; cllt'-lcttres, founded in 17^1; a literary-military lociety, efta- i'!ilhc(l about the fame time 5 and a public library in the late abbey of St. Vincent. it is 5a miles E. of Dijon, and 208 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 6. 8. E. lat. 47. 14. N. Bf.ssarabia, a territory of Turkey in Europe, between the N. part o*" the Danube and the Dnicfter, along the banks of which lalf river the Tartar inhabitants rove from place to place. Their com- fnon food is the flefh of oxen and horfes, checfe, and marc's milk. Bender is the capital. Bestricia, a town of Tranfylvania, remarkable for the gold mines near it ; 8 5 miles N. W. of Hermanftadt, and 90 E. of Tockay. Lon. 23. 45. E. lat. 47. 30. N. Br.TANZOs, a town of Spalti, in Gali- cia, fc-ited on the Mandeo, on a bay of the fea, 20 miles S. of Ferrol. Lon. r. 55. W. lat. 43. 12. N. Ii£XELFACt'l, a town of Afia, In BET Arabia Felix, famous for the vaft qiian* tity of coflcc lold there, being thr mart where the country people bring their codec to fell; and where the F^iropcans Come to purchafc it. Jt i» n; niiics E. of the Red Sea. Lon. 44. 30. E. lat. i<. 40. N, Bi. rHLKHEM, n town of Palcftine, in Alia, famms for the birth of Christ. It ii leucd on ilie ridf^c of a hill, running from E. U) W. and his a delif^hifiil prol- pe£t. It is now an inconfidcrable place, but much viftred by pdgrimii. There it a church here, erci'.ted by the famous He- Una, vet entire, ill the form of a crnfi. HfTi l^ aho a chapel, called the Chapel of the Nativity, where they pretend to Ihow the manger in which Clirift was laid ; another, called the Chapel of Jofcph; and a third, if the Holy Innocents. A few poor Greeks iiill rtfide here } and, not tar hence, is a monalkry of the Francif- cans. It is fix miles S. of Jcrulalein. Lon. 3^. 25. E. lat. 31. 50. N. BiTHLEHEM, a town of the Audrian Netheilands, in th-j duchy of Br.ibaiit, two miles N. of Louvain. Lon, 4. 49. E. lat. 50. <,'.. N. " Bh.thlehem, a town of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Ptnnl'ylvania, on the river Lehigh, a weltern branch of the Dilawarc. Th-i town being partly on an eminence, and partly on the lower banks of the Manakes (a fine creek, affording trout r.nd other filh) has a very pleafant and healthy fituation, and is frequently vifited, in fummer, bv the gentry from, different parts. It is the principal fcttlc- mcnt of the Moravians in America. The verc fixed here by count Zinzen- dorf 1." 174I. They have a church ; a public meeting-hall ; the finglc brethren's, or young men's houfe, where the fingle tradefmen, journeymen, and apprentices are boarded at a moderate rate, and have morning and evening prayers ; the fingle fitters, or young women's houfe, where they live, and are employed, under the care of female infped^ors, at liberty, how- ever, to go about their bufinefs in the town, or to take a walk for recreation, and every year fomeof them are married ; and a houfe for widows. The hotifes art; 60 in number, mofthr built of freeftoiie 1 and the inhabitants a between ;oo and 600. The German Lnguage is more in ufe here than the Englilh : the latter, however, is taught in the fchools; and divine fervicc is performed in both lan- 'tuagco. Bethlehem is 53 miles N. of PhiTadelphia. Lon. 7;. 8. W. lat. 40. 37. N. BcTMUHE, a town of France, in th« V depart- I B E W '^^ " department of the Strain of Cal.ii» and late county of Arton, with • caHlc, and fi)riitic«ti'ini by Vauban. It wa» taken by the alliti in 1710-, ami rdlorcil by the treaty of Utrecht, it ij f«;*ted on a Mck by tlic river Brettc, 10 mile* E. of St. Oincr and 110 N. of I'arii. Lon. s. n. E. lat. c;o. 45. N. Bk ri.F.v, a town of Staff»rd(hirc, with a market on Thiirfday. It ii 16 miles N. N. W. of Statford. and 156 from London. Lon. t. 10. W. lat. 53. 5. N. But I. IS, a ftrong town of Afia, in Curiliftan ; or» a fteep rock, on the fron- tiers of Turkey and Perfia, but fubjcft to it» own bey, and a fandtuary for the fub- )ttU of the neiidibouring powerj. It is x Bevekuwokn'. i' town of Germany, in the diocefe of Paderborn, at tlio conflii- eiii-r of the lk»e and VVefer, 22 niileu E. of Paderborn. Lon. 9. 30. E. lat. 51. 46. N, Bbwcastle, a villajfe in Cuinhidand, on tiie rivtv Leven, laid to have been built about the time of the Norman cun- queft. The chnrch is in ruins ; and in the churchyard is an ancient crofs, five yards high, on the fides of which are fe- Tcral fcSpturcs, but the infcriptions are not legible. BewolEV, a neat town of Worcefter- Ihjre, with a market on Siturday. It is fcatcd on the Severn ; enjoys a good trade in malt, leather, and caps ; and is 14 miles N. of Worcefter, and ii8 N. W. of London. It ftnds one member to parlia- ment. Lon. 2. o. VV. lat. 52. to. N. • Bewley, or Bbavlieu, a river of Scotland, which ufes in the N. of In- Yernefsfhire, and flowing along the S. bonier of Rofsfhire, forms the fine cftuary on which ftand Invernefs and Fort St. George, and which terminates in the frith of Murray. At the mouth of thi* river is the ferry of KifTock, near which is a go(Kl ialinon f\(hciy. Bfc£iEHs, K town of France, in the department of Her.nult and late province of l.angued^. It is hii ancient, l»rnc, and handl'ome town, in a delightful litu- Btion, and w:is lately an epilcopitl (cc. The inhabitant* arc above 17,000 in num. ber. The remains of a circus, and fome infcriptions, bcfpcak its ancient grandeur. It has an academy of fciences and two hofpitaN -, is feated near the Royal Canal, on a hill, at the foot of which flows the Orbre ; and is 8 miles N. of the Mediter- ranean, and it N. E. of Narbonne. Lon. }. 18. E. lat. 11. o. N. * Bex, a village in the diftriA of Aigle and canton of Bern, in SwtfTerland, near the little town of St. Maurice, which guards the entrance from that car.ton into the Lower Vallais. It is remarkable for its delightful fttuation, and the ult works near it. The largeft faline is entered by a palTage cut out of the folid rock. Tra- vellers, who have the curiofity to explore thel'e gloomy abodes, are furniflied with lighted torches, and drefled in a coarfe habit, to defend them from the drippings that fall from the roof and fides of the paf- fage. BiAFAR, the capital town of a king- dom of the fame name, rn Negroland, feated on the river Los-Camarones. Lon. 17. 40. £. lat. 6. 10. N. BiALOGOROD, or Akermak, a ftrong town of Befiarabia, on the Lake Videno, near the fca, 41 miles S. W. of Oczakow. Lon. 30. 10. £. lat. 46. »o. N. BiAKA, a town of Hindooftan Proper, remarkable for its excellent indigo, 59 miles W. of Agra. Lon. 80. 50. E. lat. s6. 30. N. BiBERACH, a free imperial town of I Germany, in Suabia. It has a manufac- ture uf fuftians, and is feated in a fertile! valley, on the river Reufs, 17 miles S. W. of Ulm. Lon. 10. 2. E. lat. 48. 10. N. BiBERSBERC, a town of Upper- Hun- gary, 1 5 miles N. of Freiburg. Lon. 1 7. 15. E. lat. 48. 31. N. BiCETRE, a caftle, two miles from Pa- 1 ris, where lunatics, beggars, vagabonds, pilferers, and diffolute young men, were imprifoncd. Bicester, or Bi/rcester, a town in Oxford(hire, with a market on Friday, for cattle and (heep. It is on the road I between Oxfoid and Buckingham, about I II miles from each. Lon. i. 10. W. lat. 51. 54. N. BiDACHE, a fmall town of France, in the *t. I D ^t the mouth of thi» KitTock, near wliicli lery, vn of France, in (he ntilt aiiJ late province it ait ancient, lari>,c, , in a delightful titu- te\j an epilcopal fee. above 17,000 in nunu of a circui, and fume k its ancient grandeur, of fcicnces and two near the Royal Canal, oot of which flows the liles N. of the Mediter- . of Narbonne. Lon. N. in the diftrt£t of Aigle rn, in SwifTerlanJ, near of St. Maurice, which cc from that canton into It ii remarkable for ition, and the ult worki gt(\ faline it entered b/ of the folid rock. Tra- ; the curiofity to explore odes, are fumifhed with and drefled in a coarfe them from the drippings roof and fides of the paf- capital town of a king> le name, in Negroland, er Los-Camarones. Lon. . 10. N. D, or Akermak, a Befiarabia, on the Lake le fca, 41 miles S. W. of k. 30. 10. £. lat. 46. wn of Hindooftan Proper. its excellent indigo, 50 gra. Lon. 80. jo. £. lat. a free imperial town of | uabia. It has a manufac- , and is feated in a fertile I iver Reufs, 17 miles S. W. | . 10. 1. E. lat. 48. 10. N. c, a town of Upper- Hun- N. of Prefiburg. Lon. 17. 31. N. . cattle, two miles from Pa- atics, beggars, vagabonds, I diffolute young men, were or BuRCESTER, a town I with a market on Friday, fhecp. It is on the road I d and Buckingham, about I each. Lon. i. 10. W. lat. | 1 fmall town of France, in I the I s.a ^aj %. %>^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / o ^•^ ^ //„ '^^ 'Q, i/i I ' '/W & /a '^. 1.0 I.I ^ la 1112.0 1.25 1.4 Photographic Sciences Corporation 1.8 1.6 i\ ^^ %' :\ \ fv <' tV 6^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 % m <> \ ( ^' a i p 'A i? .€ &:*/ f/j CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microroprodjctions /Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques r i ^j i ^^j t )i^;} ' ^ *T»fr ,m^ jZi^-?^ the depai and late ] caflle, anc It miles I lat.43. 31 BiDAS! frontiers < in the Py the fea be' BiDDE (hire, wit modioufly 'ver whic arches. ] and is 16 and 203 A lat. ;i. 10 BlEEZ, remarkabl on the ^^' cow. Lo BlELA the Belle miles W. 45. 35. N BlELSI latinate o ces of th Warfavv. BlELS governmc ofSmolen 3J. 5-E. BlENN on the lal of Mour fmall tci bifhop of Proteftan tons of ] is 17 mii( E. lat. 47 BlERC ders, w! Beukelinj pickling two mile: lat. 51.2 * Big Scotland, Here are founded i Bigg] fliire, wi is featcd ftone brii able than the grea through i ley mark of Bedfoi Lon. o. i Bigoi bounded BIG the department of the Lower Pyrenees and late province of Bsfqiics. It has a caftle, and is feated on the river Bidoufe, 11 miles E. of Bayonne. Lon. i. 9. W. lat. 43. 31. N. BiDAssoA, a river of Spain, on the frontiers of France, which has its fourcc in the Pyrcnean mountains, and faljs into the fea between Andaye and Fontaraliia. BiDDEFORD, a large town in Dcvon- fhire, with a market on Tuefday ; com- modioufly feated on the river Torige, 'ver which is a ftone bridge, with 24 arches. It carries on a confiderable trade, and is 16 miles S. by W. of Ilfracomb, and 203 W. of London. Lon. 4. lo. W. lat. 51. 10. N. BiEEZ, a town of Poland, in Cracovia, remarkable for its mines of vitriol, feated on the Wefeloke, 50 miles S. E. of Cra- cow. Lon. II. 5.E. lat. 49. 50. N. BiELA, a town of Piedmont, capital of the Bellefe, near the river Cerva, 10 miles W. of Verceil. Lon. ?• 58. E. lat, 45. 35. N. BiELSK, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of PolachiE, near one of the four- ces of the Narew, 100 miles N. E. of Warfavv. Lon. 23. 39. E. lat. 51. 40. N. BiELSKOi, a town of Rulfia, in the government of Smolenfko, 80 miles N. E. of Smolenflio, and noW.of Mofcow. Lon. 3j. 5. E. lat. 55. 40. N. BiENNE, 9 town of SvviflTerland, feated on the lake of the fame name, at the foot of Mount Jura. It is fiibjeft, with its fmall territory, to the Roman catholic bifltop of Bafle ; but the inhabitants are Proteftants, and in alliance with the can- tons of Bern, Soleure, and Friburg. It is 17 miies N. W. of Bern. Lon. 7. 10. E. lat. 47. II. N. BiEROLiET, a town of Dutch Flan- ders, where William Bruckfield, or Beukelings, who invented the method of pickling herrings, died, in 1396. It is two miles N. of Sluys. Lon. 3.^ 39. E. lat. 51. II. N. * BiGGAR, a town of Lanerklhire, in Scotland, ten miles S. E. of Carnwath. Here are the ruins of a collegiate church, founded in 1545. Biggleswade, a town in Bedford- fliire, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on the Ivel, over which it has a ftone bridge. It is much more confider- able than it was formerly, on account of the great northern road which runs through it. It is one of the greateft bar- ley markets in England; 10 miles N. W. of Bedford, and 45 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. ii. W.lat. 51. 6. N. Bigorkb, a late province of France, bounded on the N. by Armagnac and B I L F.fterac ; on the E. by Comminge* ; on the W. by Reran ; and on the S. by the Pyrenees. It now forms the department ot the Upper Pyrenees. BiHAEZ, a Urong town of Croatia; feated in an iflc formed by the river Anud, 65 miles S. E. of C^rlftadr. Lon. 16. 31. li. lat. 44. J- 1. N. * BijiNAGUR. See Bisnagur. * BijORE, a finail pt'ovinee of Hin- dooflan Proper, lying between the riveis Indus and Attock, having Cabiil on the W. the Bokharian Mountains on the N. Calhmere on the E. and Pilhour or Pei- ftiore on the S. Its dimenfions are not more than 50 miles by 10. It is full of mountains and wilds, inhabited by a fa- vai^e and turbulent race. In this province is the famous mountain Aornus, the taking of which was one of the moft fplendid exploits of Alexander, in thefe partr. Arriaii defcribss it to be 18 or 20 miles in circuit at the bafe, to be of vaft elevation, and acceflible by one narrow pafs only, cut out of a rock. On the fummir was a great extent of arsble and pafture land, with fprings of water, fo that a garrifon of 1000 men might fubfift without any extraneous aid. This celebrated moun- tain lies about 55 miles N. N. E. from Pilliour. BtLBOA, a large, handfoine, and rich town of Spain, capital of Bifcay, with a good harbour. Its exports arc wool, fvvord-blades, and other manufafturcs in iron and ftccl. It is remarkable for the wholefomenefs of its air, and the fertility of the foil about it. It is feated at the mouth of the river Ibaicabal, which a lit- tle below falls into the fea, 50 miles W. of St. Sebaflian, and 180 N. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 43. 33. N. BiLDESTOV, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Wednefday. It has a large church, about a quarter of a mile from the town, and is feated on the river Bre- ton. It was formerly noted for Suffolk blues, and blankets, but now almoft the only bufinefs of the town is fpinning of yarn. It is ii miles S. E. of Bury, and 63 N. E. of London. Lon. o. 55. E. lat. 52. 16. N. BiLEDiii.GERiD, a Country of Barba- ry, in Africa, bounded on the N. by Tu- nis, on the E. by Tripoli, on the S. by Guergula, and on the W. bv Tuggurt. It lies between 5° and 11" E. lon. and 1%' and 320 N. lat. The air is vei7 hot ; but though the foil is dry, it yields a great deal of barley. There are vill quantities of dates, in which the inhabi- tants drive a great trade. Bii.EvELT, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wcftphalia and county of ry r-T--',-- . -.«;■ '■■■ ■ ~ ■ ^^^T^'^. B I N Ravenft^iirg ; feven miles S. E. of Ra- V. nn>ui-cl., und fuUita tn the king of Ti ul- r,a. Lon. 8. <;o. K.Lit. ^:. 'o„ ^- Biit-ERirAV, a town in EiTex, uith a market on Tucfd.v. It i^ f^«ttd "n a hill, which comiuimds abeav.nful prr(pc«, ovci a rich vail, y, to the Tli iiries. It is a batnler to the villa:^e of Gn;.- Burltead, andisnincmile.S.byW.otChelmsfcd, and 2 3 E. of Londi'ii. Lon. o. 3>- ^• '"'•bilVom,^; fmall, poorly -Inhabited, and worfc-huilt town of France, in tlic department of ruy-dc-Domc anU ate province of Auvergne. It i. fe^^cd on a Lincnce, ^vithout enjoying an agreeb e p,ofpea;andis ,5 miles S. E. of Ckr- monr. Lon. 3. iS. E. lat. 4-^- 4'- T)- . * Bii.MA, .1 vaft bm-ninKdclert of Atn- ea to the S. K. of Vc/./.an, between 2. and 2^"?^. lat. Surrounded by this drear) Till, the traveller fees u^th a dejeC^- eve, the dead bodies of the birds that the violence of the wind has brought fromhap- p'crrceions; and hlkns, with horror, to ?ae driving Waft, the onlvlound that in- terrupts the awful rcpofe of the defert Bi .SDKN, a town tn Le,ccfter-".^^'"y' '" \^; ;. .ilhoprie of Liesrc, on the nvcr Dm, J, '^f^ ..^rlt above it. In thi. • Aufti-ia; nine i^iles E. ot Mon.. Lon. ... w,m .^ ^p^^^, ^^ ^^^ ^^j f,, ' '^;.^^:'!^V.r.;V-r\ilb«o.i the river of muf.cal ch.mcs. which play feven d.ffe- bitedby the native Americans.^ difficult of acceU. o. account ot the fl.oals, but is u very pleaUit place. Lon. ,9-30- ^Bu^^^v^^^h a feaport of Golconda, i„ the Decern of Hindooftan, feared on theliy of Ba,..,l, .2 n,iks to the N. fla<5/here. Lun. 83. 5- L. lat. i3. ^'binmi' -, . fraail town of Spain, in Valcieia. remarkable for S."^^ ^^'7;^^^ L. feated near the lea, :o miles S. of Tor- nfi Lon. 0. 3^. E. Int. 40- 33. N. 'bin-bROKI:. a tow,, in Lincolnflure, with a _..!ii, ,Vi-i'.-iip';. auu li "Mi.vi.iil'.'*«i^«i I R • of Durham. By fe- ci monutnents, it ap- Roman town (Vino- ans coins are dug up •a Rinchefter Pennies j been (iifcovercd, im- th legion was ftation-id the wars between the ns. . port of Africa, in the ili, 140 miles W. of 10. E. lat. 31. 20. N. ncienc and handfomc , in the archbilhopric of the confluence of the 1 5 miles W. of Menti. 49. 49. N. wn of Nottinghamfliire, i-oir, now a mean place, ^hich is on Thurfday, is miles £. of Nottingham. It. 51. 56. N. own in the W. riding of 1 on the river Aire, s* York, and 202 N.N.W. I. 40. W. lat. 53. ?o. N. ;, a town of Sweden, in. ■ the mouth of the river f of Bothnia, 7 5 ""''^^ N' 12. 5. E. lat. 61. 42. N. R, a town of Turkey ia k, with a caftle, where the i. It ftands on the £u- ligh mountain, in a fruit- hey have a particular kind tame, that they fit on the and even in the ftreets, ilifturbance. It is 50 miles 30. LD, a town of Germany, Dunty of the fame name, i» ■ Upper Rhine ; feated near , 22 miles S. E. of Treves, lat. 49- 5 5- N. . AM, a large town in war- h a market on Thurfday. ation, and therefore free for fettle there ; which has con- ly to the ir.crcaie, not only Ks, but of the trade. The n the fide of a hill, forming .moon. The lower part is e workdiops and warchouics iaureif, and confifts chiefiy js. The upper part contains d regular ftreets, and a hand- clegantly built. It has two ,e in the lower part of the is an ancient building, with the other, a grand modern iving a fquare ftone tower, a, and turret above it. In this le peal of ten bells, and a let limes, wluch play fcven diffc- reni B I S rent tunes, one for each day in tlie week. Ithas alio two chapels, and inecniM;-h()ulcs for every denomination of diflcnttrs. It had an skgant theatre, v, hich was dc- ftroyed by tire, Auguft 17, i79^- The houfes have been computed at 7000, but their number is continually intrcaling. " For a cunfidcrable period," fays Dr. Aikin, " the hardware manufaftures of Birmingham have been noted ; but, of late years, by great additions to its trade from a vaft variety of ufeful and ornamental articlps, fuph as metal buttons, buckles, plated goods of all kinds, japanned and paper ware, &c. it has riftn to be fupcrior in populoufnefs to any of the other modern trading towns in England, and has filled the furrounding country with induftrious inhabitants. It is plentifully fupplied with that important article coal by means of a canal to Wedncfljury in Staftbrd- fljirc ; and is has a communication with the Great Trunk from the Trent to the Severn, by means of a branch palling by Wolverhampton. The Birmingham goods are difperfcd about the kingdom, but chiefly fent to London by land carriage. They are exported in great quantities to foreign countries, where, in point of cheapnefs and Ihow united, thpy ire un- rivalled ; fo that Birmingham is become, according to the emphatical cxprcllion of a great orator, the tovjh'jp of Europe.— The improved fteam engine;,, made here by Mefs. Bolton and Watt, dcfervc, how- ever, to rank higher than toys, among the produftions of human ingenuity. Their application to various mechanical purpofes, and particularly to the draining of mines, which were before entirely overpowered by water, places them among the mod valuable inventions of the age." Bir- mingham is 17 miles N. W. of Coventry, and 116 of London. Lon. i. 50. W. l^t. 52. 30. N. BiRviEsCA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, i; miles N. of Burjos. Lon. 3. 30. W. lat. 42. 35.N. BiRZA, a town of Poland, in the pro- vince of Samogitia, 42 miles S. E. of Mit- tau. Lon. 24. 50. E. lat. 56. 12. N. BlSACClA, a fmall town of Italy, in th'v' kingdom of Naples, with a bifhop's ft«, I 5 "miles N. E. of Conza. Lon. 15. 40. E. lat. 41. 3. N. Biscay, a province of Spain, boimded on the N. by the ocean, on the M'. by Af- turia de Santillana, on the S. by Old Callile and Alava, and on the E. by Guipufcoa. It is 2; miles in both length and breadth, and producer apples, oranges, and c'trons. They have alfu wood for building fliips, and mines of iron and lead. The Bli'cay- ers arc the bell Itauun of Spain, They B I S have a particular language, which has no affinity with any other in Europe. Jiilboa is the capital. Biscay, Ntw, a province of N. Ame- rica, in Mexico, noted for its filver-inincs. BlsOHOKisHKl.M, a town of Gtrniaiiv, in the archbithopric of Mentz, on the river Taubcr, two miles W. of Wurtftjurg. Lon. 9. 10. E. lar. 49. 40. N. BibCHOFs WtRi>A, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Upper Saxony, in Miliiia, three miks from iJrcl'den. Bibiiioi's 2hi. 1,, a handfome town of Swidcrland, in Turgaw, v.iih a caltle. The inhabitants are independent, and go- verned by a fupruiiii; C(]uncil. Tlie bai- liff of the bilhopof Conftanre, who, rvfuies in the calUe, has jurifdif.tion o\ei' the Ro- man catholic liibjtdls, and receives a moi- ety of the fines. The inhabitants have their own council, with great privileges. The ciiapier, which had been abolKhcd at the reformation, was re-eftabli(hed in 1535. The protellants, as fuch, are un- der the proteftion of Zurich and l>ern. and of thefe the greateft part of the inha- bit.'inrs confifts. The lame church, how- ever, is iifed by buih religions. This town is feated at the confluence of the Sitter and Thur, 12 miles S. of Con- ftance. Lon. 9. 13 E. lat. 47. 27. N. BiscHWKii.i.KN, a fortrefs of France, in the department of Upper Rhine and late province of Alfacc, 5 miles W. of the Rliine. Lon. 7. 51. E. lat. 48. 40. N. BrstUJ.iA, a town of the kingdom of Naples, with a bilhop's fee, near the gulf of Venice, 6 miles from Trani. Lon. 16. 4;.E. lat. 41. 28. N. BisEiiTA, a feiport of the Ijingdom of Tu; IS, near the place where Utiea once flood ; 37 miles N. W. of Tunis. Lon. 9. 46. E. la-. 37. 10. N. Bishop i- Auckland. See Auck- land, Bi HOPS. BisHOi's-vT ^sT t.E,a borough in Shrop- ftiire, with a market on Friday. It is i'eat- ed near the river Clun, ami its market is much frequented by the A\'tllli. Jt is 41 miles W. of Worcefter, S E. of Mont- gomery, and 152 N- W. by W. of Lon- don.. Lon. 2. 55. ^^'. lat. 57.. 22. N. BlSHOl' AND HIS Cl.I-KKS, little iflands in the rocks on the coall of Pem- brokelhire, near St. David's, dangerous to feamen. Lon. 5.20. W.lat. 51. 57. N. Bishohs-Stor iFORD, a town of Herts, with a good corn market on Thurfday. [t is feated on t!ie fide of a hill, on the river Stort, which lias beep made navigable hence to the river Lea, It is II miles N. E. of Hertford, 'and 30 N. by E. of London. Lou. o. 15 E. lat. 51. J4. N. F 2 BisH- E L A B L A BiSlGNANO, » town of the kingdom of It is adorned with handfome villas; and Naples, with a ftrong fort and a bithop's f)n the fkirts nf ir, ijiit in the parilh of fee. It i> fcated on a mountain, near the Chirltjn, is i Jjrden Criiege, for decayed river Bjcccna, i8 milts N. of Cozena, merchants. On this plam 'Vat Tyle, and 133 S. E.of Naples. Lon. 16. io. E. muftered 100,000 reoeis. On the aicent to lat. 39 38. N. the heath, in the road to Dover, is a ciirioui BiSLEY, a village in Snrrv, noted for cavern, difcovered in 1780. > fpring called St. John Baptift's Well, * Br, ackpool, a village near Poulton, near the church of that name, whofe %V^- tcr is faiJ to be colder than any other ii^ the fummer, and warmer in the winter. It is 3 miles N. of Woking, in Lanc:i,hirc, much reforted to for fea- bathmg. Black Sea, a fea, formerly called the Euxine, between Europe and Afia, bound- BisVAOUR, a town of the peninfula cd ftn the N. by Tartary ; on the E. by cf Hindooftan, in the kingdom of Myfore, Mingrelia, Circalfia, and Georgia; on the feated on t^e W. b^nk of the river Tun- S. by Natolia ; and on che W. by Roma- pehadra. It was the capital of the ancient nia, Bulgaria, and Bcffarabia. ' It lies be- kingdom of Narfinga, and when vifited by twecn Lon. 33*. and 44°. E, and from lat. C*far Frederic in 1567, was a large city. 41°. 1046°. N. It is 140 milts E. by S. of Got. Lon. 76 10. E. lat, i:;. 30. N. BissAGos, a cluftcr of idands on the roaft of Ntgroland, in Africa, 100 miles to the S. E. of the river Gambia, in 11" N. hr, BisTRicz, a to'vn of Tranfylvania, on Bi.ACKWATER, a river of Irelard, running through the counties of Cork and VVaterford into Youghall Bay "^ ULACKWATER,ariverofE(rcx, which rifts in the N. W. of the county, and flowing by Bocking, Coggcfhal, and Kel- vedon, is joined by the Cheliper at Maiden, a river of the fame name, 142 miles N. and enters the eftuary, to which it gives E. of Colc-fwar. Lon. 25. 3. E. lat. 47. the name of Blackwater Bay 33- N. BiTCHE, a fortified town of France, in the department of Mofelle and late pro- vince of Lorrain. Near it is acaftle upon a rock, and it is fcated at the foot of a mountain, near the river Schwelb, 30 miles N. by W. of Strafburg, Lon. 7. 44. E. lat. 49. 5. N. Blair Athol, a village of Perthfhire, in an angle formed by the rivers Tilt and Garry. Clofe by it is Blair Caftle, a no- ble ieat of the duke of Athol's, on an eminence, amid a beautiful plain fur- rounded by hills, woods, and deep glens. In its vicmity are many fine waterfalls. Blair Athol is t8 miles N. W, of Perth. Biteto, a town of the kingdom of Lon. 3. 41. W. lat. 56. 46. N. Naples, with a bifhop's fee. Lon. 16.59. Blaisois, a late province of France, E. lat. 4T. 18. N. bounded on the N. by Beauce, on the E. Bitonto. an epifcopal town of the by Orleanois, on the S. by Berry, and kingdom- of Naples, eight miles S, of the on the W. by Touraine. It now forms gulf of Venice, and i»7 E. by N. of Na- the department of Loir and Cher, pies, Lon. 17. 1. E. lat. 41. 23. N. Blamont, a town of France, in the Blacicbank, a town of Ireland, in depi'.rtment of Meurthe and late province the county of Armagh, fever, miles S. of of Lorrain, feated on the river Vczouze, Armagh. Lon. 6. 35. W. lat. ^4. 20. N. iz miles S. of Luneville. Lon. 6. 51. E Blackbvrn, a iowii in Lancafliire, ■with a market on Mondav. It has its name from the brook Black-vater, which runs through it. It carries' on a vaft trade lat. 48. 40. N. Blanc, a town of France, in the de- partment of Indre and late province of Berry, with a caftle ; fcated on the river in calicoes for printing, and is fcated near Creufe, 35 miles E.of Poitien. Lon, i. the river Derwtnt, 12 miles E. of Prefton, 13. E. lat. 46. 38. N. rnd 103 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. * Blanc, Mount, one of the high- 35. W. lat. 53. 42. N. eft mountains of the Alps, in Savoy ; par- Bj.ack Forest, a foreft of Germany, ticularly diftinguifhcd from the other in Siiabia, extending from N. t'o S. be- moimtain'--, by havinsJ its fummit and fides tween Oriria'.v,Brifgaw, part of the duchy clothed to a confiderable depth, by a man- of Wirtemburir, the principality of Furl- tie of fnow, almoft without the mterven tenbiirg, and toward the foiircc of the Danube, rs far as the Rhine above Bafil. Jt is part of the ancient Hyrcauian fortft. ■* Biackheath, a fine elevated plain, five miles S. K. of London, commanding beautiful pr .I'petls, and fituatcd in the p;i. riflits of Grcenwifh, I.ewifliam, and Let. tion of the Icall rock to break the glare of the -ivhi/e appearance. This moiintain rifei iiftdi feet above tiie level of the fea, which is .; 14 feet higher than the peak of Tcncriff. The fummit was deemed inac- cellible till 1786, when Dr. Paccard afcenUcd it, as did M. de SaulTure in l.Tfl- landfome villas ; and (jiit in the parilh of Ccllege, for decayed Is plain 'Vat Tyle, Dels. On the afcent to Iti) Dover, is a curious 1780. village near Poulton, Ih reforted to for fea- Jfca, formerly called the lurope and Afia, bound- . artary ; on the E. by a, and Georgia; on the 1 on che W. by Roma- jBcffarabia. It lies be- Jnd 44". E. and from lat. , a river of IreUrd, the counties of Cork, o Youghall Bay R,a riverof Effex, which W. of the county, and ng, Coggcflial, and Kel- f thcCheliper at Maiden, tuary, to which it gives kwater Bay. L, a village of Perthfliire, ed by the rivers Tilt and jy it is Blair Caftle, a no- duke of Athol's, on an 1 a beautiful plain fur- i, woods, and deep glens, are many fine waterfalls. tS miles N. W. of Perth. . lat. 56. 46. N. I late province of France, s N. by Beauce, on the E. on the S. by Berry, and Touraine. It now forms of Loir and Cher, a town of France, in the Meurthe and late province ited on the river Vczouze, Luneville. Lon. 6. 51. E. own of France, in the de- [ndre and late province of caftlc ; fcated on the river ilcs E. of Poitien. Lon. i. j8.N. Mount, one of the high- nf the Alps, in Savoy ; par- nguifhcd' from the other bavin;; its fummit and fides nfulerable depth, by a man- Imoft without the mterven- tt rock to break the glare of arancc. This mountain rifes bove tiie level of the fea, "ert higher than the peak of le fummit was deemed inac- 1786, when Dr. Paccard IS did M. de SaulTure in Lis B L E 1787. The barometer on the fummit was down to 16 inches 1 line. Blanca, an uninhabited ifland to the N. of Margarttta, near Terra Firma. Lon. 64. 30. W. lat. II. 50. N. Blanco, a cape of Pwu, in America, on the South Sea, ito miles S. VV. of Guiaquil. Lon. 83. o. W. lat. 3. 45. S. Blanco, a cape of Africa, in the At- lantic Ocean, i8o milts N. of the river Senegal. Lon. 17. 5. W. lat. to. 55. N. Blandford, a handfomc town of Dorfetfhire, with a market on Saturday. It is plcafantly fcated on the river Stour, near the Downs, and is a well inhabited place. In 1731, almofi all the town was burnt dmvn ; but it was foon rebuilt. It has a manufacture of fliirt buttons, more of which are made here than in any other place in Enj:land. It is 18 miles N. E. of Dorthefter, and 104 W. by S. of Lon- don. Lon. t. 14. W. lat. 50. 53. N. B1.ANES, a fcapnrt of Catalonia, in Spain, near the river Tordera, 20 miles S.of Gironne. Lon. i. 50. E. lat. 41.40. N. Blavet. See Port Louis. Blankenberc, I town of Germany, in the duchy of Berg, 12 miles E. of Bonne. Lon. 7. 30. E. lat 50. 42, N. BtANKENBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, capital of a county of the fame name, fubjtft to the duke of Brunfwi.k Wolfenbuttle, It is 4; miles S. E. of Wolfenbuttle. Lon. II. 10. E. lat. ji. ;o. N. Blaregnies. See Malpi.aquet. Blaubevren, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, 1 1 miles VV. of Ulm. Lon. 9. 55. E. lat. 48. 21. N. Blaye, an ancient town of France, in the department of Girondc and !at£ pro- vince of Guienne. It has a good citadel ; and is feated on the Gironde, which is here 3800 yards wide. Its trade confifts in the white and red wines of the adjacent country ._ Its harbour is mnch frequented by foreigners, and the fliips which go to Bourdeaux are obliged to leave their guns here. It is 17 miles N. of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 33. W. lat. 45. 7- N. Blechincly, a fmall borough in Surry, but without a market. It is feated en a hiil which commands cxtenfive prof- pc£ts, and i:> zo miles S. of London. Lon. o. o. lat 51. 15.N. Blenhkim, a village in Germany, in Suabia, memorable for the vi£lory over ►the French, gained Aiiguft i, 1704, by the Juke of Marlborough. It is feated on the W. fide of the Danube, three miles N. E. of Hochftet, and 17 N. E. of Ulm. Lon. 10. 35. E. lat. 48. 40. N. Bt-ENHF.iM Castle, near Wondftock, in Oxfordlbire, a niaj^nificcnt palace, B L Y built for the great John duke of Marl- borounh, at the expince of the r.itinn, in cjiiiinem.iration of his virtory at U.en- heim. The funiily hold it by the ttnuri. of delivering ,t French banner at Wiiulfcr, on eachaniiivtifiuy of this memorable wfUiry. Bi.iTH, a town of Notting^iamfhire, with a market on Thurldav. It haci formerly a caftlc and priory, of which a.r lirnie remains, Jt is 13 mik;. N. N. W. ■ f Newark, imd 146 N. by W. from Lou^ don. Lon. i. 10. W. lat. 53. ji. N. Block ley, a village of Wf.rcelfir- fliire, though inclofed by Glouceftcrlt.irc, fevcii miles S. E. of Eveiham. Lot,. 1. 5J. VV. lat y. o. K- Block/i;, a ftrongtowncf the Unit- ed J'rovinces, in Ovcryffel, with a fcrt ; feated at the mouth of the river Aa, on the Znidcr Zee, where there is i good harboiu-, eight miles N. W. of Stcnwirk. Lon. 5. 3g. E. lat. 52. 44. N. Blois, an ancient and handfi fnc com- n.ercialcity of France, in the dtpartment of Loir an'J Cher, and late prfA'incc of Blaifois. It is fcated m the L'jjre, in a delightful fituation. The fpeilator is ftrutk with the idea of an ampliitheatre, tn feeing the manner in yvhich tl^e houfes are difpofed, like rows of feats abijvc each other. The cathedral is a large ftruflure, althoujjh inferior to what it appears to be at a dillance. It is fcated at one extre- mity of the city, on an eminence whofe declivity, toward the centre of the city, joins thai of another eminence at the other end, on which is built a inagnificent caftle ; fo that both thefc ftruftures form, as it wert, the two horns of a crefcent. In this calUe was born the good Lewis XII. and here, in 1588, Heniy III. at a meeting of the States General, which he had convoked, caufed the duke of Guifc, and his brother the cardinal, to be afl'alilnatcd. Here arc fume fine foun- tains, and a new bridge, one of the btft . in France. Blois is ftill an cpifcopal lie, and the terrace of the bifliop's palace affords a charming walk. This city lias defervedly the reputation of being one of thofe in which the Frfnch language is fpokcn with the grcatcft purity ; but this mult be undcrltood of perfons who hav'p received a liberal education ; for, what-' ever fomc geographers may aflert, the common people exprcfs themfclves. as badly here as in otiicr places. Blois is 47 miles W. of Tours, and 100 S. VV. of Pa- ris. Lon. I. 25. E. lat. 47. 35. N. BiiovEiz, a town of Poland, in War- fovia, JO miles W. of V\'arfaw. Lon. 20. 35. E. lat. C2 10. N. BiYTUBOROUGH, a decayed town in Suffolk, on the river Blyth. It has ^ T- n 1 « w '^" BOP ftatelv church, anJ is 08 mi!«N. E. of London. Lon. 1. 40. E. lat. y,. 16. N- BoBENHAUSEN, a town of Gernianv, in Weteravia, with a caftle ; fcatt:(i on the ^all river Gerfbrentz, three miles from Francfort on the Maine. B O K Bon!\orn, a town of Hiinj^ary, on *^« Danube, 100 miles S. E. of Buda. Lon. ,9. .z. E. Ut. 45. 5S. N. BoF.scHOT, a town of the Aultrisn, Netherlands, in Brabant, fcated on the river Ncthe, n miles N. E. of Mechlin. ranctort on ine m-iinc. , , , . > , ,, P ht ci BoBio, an epifcopal town of^ Italy, m Lon^4. 4 • K^Ja^- ■ 8. N. the Milanefe, and territory of Pavia ; on the river Trcbia, 1 5 milts 8. E. of i avia. Lon. 9. 1 I.E. lat, 44. 4;. N. . BoBio, the largcft river of Chili, in 8. America. It has its fource m the Andes, and falls into the fea in 47" S. lat. * BoCAT, a fine valley of Syria, in Afia, in which are fituatcd the magnifi- cent ruins of Bilbec. " It mis^ht be rendered," fays Mr. Volney, " one of the richeft and moft beautiful fro's in Syria, it being more fertile than the ce- lebrated vale bf Damalcus, and better watered than the rich plains of Rama and Efdraclon," , Bocca-Chica, the entrance into the harbour of Carthagena, in S. America ; defended by fcveral forts, which were all taken by the Britifh forces in f4>- BocCA-DEL-DRAGO,aftrait, between the ifland of Trinidad and AndaUifia in Terra Firma, in S. America. BOCHARIA. SccBcKKARIA. BOCIIKTTA, a chain of mountains, in the territory of Genoa, over which the road Ues from Lombardy to Genoa ; and on the peak of the higheft n.ountaiu is a pafs, which will hardUr admit three men • to go abreaft. This pafs is properly called the Bochetta ; for the defence of which there are three forts. It is the key of Genoa, aild was taken in 174^ by the Auftrians, hy which means they opened away tethat city. BocKHOLT, a town of Germany, in the diocefe of Munfter, to which it is fubjea. It is 7,0 miles E. of Cleves. Lon. 6. 2i. E.lat. i;i. 4*- N. _ Docking, a large village m ElTef, adjoining to Braintree. Ttg church is a deanery •, and here is a very large meet- Bno, a river of Poland, which runs S. W. through Podolia and Bu.-'ziac Tarta- ry, falling into the Black tea, between Oczakow and the river Dnieper. Boo Lio, a town of the county of Nice, in Italy, 25 miles N.W. of Nice. Lon. 7. 6. E. lat. 44. 2. N. BOGOTO, the capital of New Granada, in Terra Firma, in S. America, near whicli are i;old mines. Lon. 73- -^•'^\''- !?.t. 4. o. N. Bo HUM I A, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the N. bv Mifnia and Lu! 1- tiii, on the E. by Silefia and Moravia, on the S. bv Auana,and on the W. by Bava- ria. It is xoo miles in length, and i !;o in breadth, and is fertile in corn, faftron, hops, and pafturc. In the mountains are mines of gold and filver. and \\\ iome places are fine diamonds, granates, Con- ner, and lead. The Roman catholic re'ligion is the principal, though'thcrc are many Proteftants. The chief rivers are the Muldaw, Elbe, and Oder. Their language is the Sclavonian, with a mix- ture of the German. The capital is Prague. It is fubjeft to the houfc of Auftria. Bo HO I., one of the Philippine Illands, in Afia, to the N. of the ifland of Min- danao. Lon. 122. =;. E. lat. 10. o. N. BoiANO, an epifcopal town of tl>e kingdom of Naples, at the foot of the Ap- pcnnine Mountains, near the river Tilerno, 45 miles N. of Naples. Lon. 14. 40- E. lat. 41. 30. N. _ BoiTNiTZ, a town of Upper Hun- gary, in the county of Zollj remarkable for its baths, and the cmamity of faffroix about it. Lon. 19. 10. E. lat. 48. 42. N. Bois-L -Due, a krge, ftrong, and ileanery •, an« ucic .. » .-t .-.t,-: - . „■ ,^,vn of Dutch Brabant, be of London. Lon. o. i,^. E. lat. ; i. ;6. N. BODMIM, a decayed bo. ough of Corn- wall, with a market on ffaturdny. It had the privilege of the coinage of tin ; and here the fummer aff.zcs are ft ill held, h is 32 miles N. E. of Falmouth, and 254 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 40-. W. lat. ^"bodon, a fortified town of Turkey in Europe, in Bulgaria, with an archbifliop's fee; I'cated on the Danube, 26 mi.cs W.'of Vidcn, Lon. 23. 54- E. lat. 44- inoralfo,, 22 miles E. by N. of Breda, 45_ N. E. of Antwerp, and 45 S. S. E. of Amftcrdam. Lon 5. 16. E. lat. 51. 40. N. _ Bokhara, a town of Ulbec Tartary, capital of Bokharia. It is a large populous place, fcated on a rifing ground, with a, (lender wall of earth, and a dry ditch. The houfcs are low, and mof.ly built of mud -, but the caravanlaries and niofques, which are numerous, are all of brick. 1 he bar.irs, or market-places have been ttately buildings ; but the grtatcft pari of them " ■ arc K In of Hiinfj.iry, on ^ha Is. E. of Buda. Lon. 1?. N. nvn of the Auftrim labant, fcated on the |cs N. E. of Mechlin. 1. 8. N. JPoland, which runs S. la and Blll^ziac Tartn- |c Black tea, between liver Dnieiitr. nf the county of Nice, N.W. of Nice. Lon. IN. Ipital of New Granada, ill S. America, rear nes. Lon. 73. . ^. \V. kingdom of Europe, *. 1)V Mifnia and Lul'i- ilifn and Moravia, on nd on the \V. by Bava- cs in length, and i ;o in ertilc in corn, faftron, In the mountains are } filvcr, and in fome amonds, granules, cop- The Roman catholic ncipa!, though'thcrc are . The chief rivers are be, and Oder. Their iclavonian, with a mix- ■•rman. The capital is "ubje£t to the houfe o^ if the Philippine Idands, •i. of the ifland of Min- 1. 5. E. lat. 10. o. N. epifcopal town of t!.e ;s, at the foot of the Ap- tis, near the river Tilerno, laples. Lon. 14. 40. £. town of Upper Hiin- inty of Zollj lemarkatle d the cjuantity of faffron. 9. 10. E. lat. 48. 42. N. ;, a large, ftrong, and of Dutch Brabant, be- Dommcl and A a, among :s E. by N. of Breda, 4; 'erp, and 45 S. S. E. of 3n 5. 16. E. Jat. 51. town of Uftiec Tartary, ia, Ic IS a large populous a rifing ground, with a. earth, and a dry ditch, low, and mofly built of aravanlaries and niofqties, ous, are ail of brick. The t-plare<, hnvtbcen ftately he grcatcft part of theni are B O L are now in ruins. Here is alfo t ftntcly buildinj; for the (ducatiun of the prielts. Grt.-it numheriof Jews and Arabians fre- quent this place; i)ut ilic Klian I'ci/.et on tlitir u)ntiitonVat his pleafurc. It is i-,S miles W. by S. of Samarcand. Lon. ' ;. 50. E. lat. iq. i;. N. BOKHAKIA, BOCIIARIA, Or BVCIIA RIA, a (iiflrift of Uflit-C Tartary, which fee. Rukhnra is the cipilal. Poi.A.'ioi.A, one of the Society Iflands, in the S. Pnrilic Orean, rurruuiuicd by a reef of rock'*, and lev cr d finall iflands, none of them more than eight icnguesin compafs. It is four leapues to the N. \V. of Otaha. See SOCUTY ISLKS. Boi.KNLAPK, or Bi'N'T/.t,AU, a town of Silcfia, o^ the Bobar, 17 miles N. E. of Lignitz. Lon. 16. 10, R. lat. m. ii.N. BoLiNGHROKK. a town in Lincoln- fhire, with a market on Tue'day. It is feated at the fpring-hcad of a river, which falls into the William, and h an ancient town, 19 miles E. of Lincoln. Lon. o. 7. E. lat. 53, 12. N. Boi.isi.AW, a town of Bohemia, •^o miles N. E. of Prague. Lon. 15. 22. K. lat. 50. 2;. N. BoLKworrz, a town of Silcfia, iz miles S. of Glogaw. Lon. 16. 29. E. lat, 51. s8- N. Bologna, an anticnt, large, and rich town of Italy, capital of the Bulognc fe, an archbifliop's fee, and a univerfity. I'here are a great niunber of palaces, particularly the Palazzo Publico, in which the cardi- nal legate, or viceroy cf the pope, refides. Jn the area before this palace, is a noble marble fountain, the principal figure of which, a Neptune in bronze, eleven feet high, the workmanlhip of Giovanni di Bologna, is highly cftecmed. The uni- verfity is one of the moft ancient and ce- lebrated in Eluropc ; and the academv for the arts and I'citnces, founded at the com- mencement of the prcfent century by count Marfiiili. is alone wortliy the atten- tion of a ftranger. The anatomical thea- tre, befide its mufeum, is adorned with flatues of cclcbrafrd phyi'.cians. The church of St. Pttronius is the largeft in Bologna ; and on the pavement of this, Callini drew his meridian line. There are 168 other chiirchts. Though the no- bility are not rich, many of their palaces arc furniftied in a magnificent tafie, and contai--. paintings of great value ; the pa- laces having been built and ornamented when the families of the proprietors were richer, and when the fineft works of archi- ttfture and painting could be procured on ta'iier terms. Indeed, next to Rome, per- haiis no tow n in the world is lo ricli in iiuuiiaiiirssitiiaiti^saiiraiaiaoy , B O L paintings as Bologna. The private houfe* arc Weil built ; and the ciiy contanis about Ho, 003 inhabitants. They carry on 3 Cinfidcrable trade in filks and velvets, whiih arc nuinufafturcd here in great periLftion. The country round proiiucei inunenli nuantities of oil, wine, flax, and he'i'p, and furnillrc-; all Europe with I'lu- fjgo, macaroni, liqueurs, efTtnces, and even lapdogs. The river Remo, which run;, near the city, turns / jo mills fir the filkworks; and there s a canal hence to the Po. Bologna '. feated at the foot of the Appenniiies, 22 miles S. E. of Mo- dena, and 175 N. W. of Rome. Lon. u, 26. E. lat. 44. 30. N. Boi.ooNKsi,. a province of Italy, in the territory of the church, bounded oa the N. by the Fcrrarefc, on the VV. by Modena, on the S. by Tufcanv, and on the E. by Romagna. It is watered by many fmall rivers, which render the foil the moft fertile in Italy. Bologna is the capifjl, and from the great produce of the land is called Bologna-the-fat. It produces all forts of grain and fruits, par- ticularly mulkadine grapes, which are in' high effccm. Some miles, before the en. trance into Bologna, the country feems one Cfjitinucd garden. The vineyards are not divided by hedges, but by rows of elms and mulberry trees ; the vines hang- ing in feftoons, from one tree to another, in a very pifVurefque and beautiful manne-. They have alfo mines of alum and iron. The people fccm to be indultriouj, -.nd to be allowed, under the mild govern- ment of the pope, to enjoy the /ruits of their laboix. Bo LSI .SNA, a town of Italy, on the lake of the fame name, in the patrimony of St. Peter; 4; miles N. of Rome. Lon. 12. 13. E. l„t. 42. 33. N. BoiswAiKT, a town of the United Provinces, in W. Frielland, & miles N, of Slooten. Lon. 5. 25. R. lat. uj. 3. N. Bolton, a town of Lancafhire, with a market on Monday. It has been en- riched by the maiuifafture of fullians and counterpanes. Great tuiantitics of dimi- ties and muflins are alfo made here. It ftands amid dreary moors, u miles N. \V. (if Manchefter, aod 139 N. N, W. of London. Lon. i. -jfy >W. lat. 53. 33. N. Bolton, a village in the W. riding of Yorkfliire, three miles N. E. of Skip- ton. From this place the duke of Bol- ton takes his title. Bolzano, a large and handfome town of Germany, in the Tirol, on the river Eifach, ^^ miles N. of Trent. Lon. n iO. E. lat. 46.35. N. : BOMAt, } BON '>BoMAl, a town of the Auftri^n Ne- therliinds in Luxemhur-, on the river Ourt, »o milen S. of Liegc. Lon. 5. 38. E. U. so- »8. N. , ... , . Bombay, an ifl.ind of llmdonftan, on the W. coaft of the Dfccan, leven miles in leni-th, w<\ lo in circumference. Jr came to the Englilh by the marna^je of Charles II. with Catharine of Portugal. It contain* a very ftrong and capacious fortreCs, a large city, anckyarcl, antl ma- rine arfenal. The [noMX^A is b,.rrcn, .vnd good water fcarcc. It wa« formtrlv count- cd very unhealthy 1 but, by dr.unin^ the boKS and other methods, thea.r is altered for the better. They have abundance of coco«-nuts, butfcarce any cm or cattle. The inhabitants are of Icvcral nations, and vcrv numerous. It '\'''>e "f "'« three prefidcncies of the Enghfl. Eaft In- dia Company, by which their oriental territories are governed, and » «?''™''" S. of Surat. Lon. u- 38. E- '»'• '^^ ^*w!!f^KNE. a fcaport of the United Pro- vinc^ in Zealand! on th.N,(l.ore of the •End of Schonen, oppofue Ooree. Lon. ^- BoMMEL,^ a ha^dfome town of Dutch Guelderland, feated on the nver Wahal, f;urm.ksK.E.ofN.mcguen. Lon. 5. •L M coaft of Terra Fiima, to the rifcXo.j^^^i-g-"rr''Lon' ,;d abounds i'nkabrittoes and fait. Lon. BoKAVK.srtJRA, a bav, hr.rbour, and fortofS. America, in Popayan^o miles E. of Call. Lou. 7 5- '«• W. Jat. 3- *°B?;,AViST.,oneoft:.«;C.pe<^Verd .» , 1 „., 15 Ai \V. .at. ID. o. M. BoWAV.sTA, ac.peontheE. fidcof .v.» mind of Newfounoland. ■%oN"rAC.o,afcnportofCorr,cn.n.cl fortified, «nd populous; 37 m,-^-"f Aifccio. Lon. 9. "-o. K. lat. 4i- '^■/': %0NK, a fmall ancient .own of Gcr- rnanv in the eleaoratc ot -ologne. The Se'of the elettori. hundlome, and the Kins mntnlficent. It .s leatcd on the Ec .0 miles S. by h_ of Cologne. i.?4 kingdom of Alsier.., It was t^kcn E.oi Algicn. Lon. 6. .5. E. lat. 36. ■k,;knf.staiu.k, a town of France in ,hc department of Sarte and late province of M.unc. it carries o« a great trade m B O R corn, and i« t^ miles N. E. of Mani. Lon. 0. 30. V: lat. 48. II. N. B)NNKVAi., a town of France, in the department of Eure and Loire and late province of Beauce. It had lately a fine Bcncdirtine abbey. It is feated on the Loire, eight miles N. of Chateaudun. Lou. I. io. E. lat. 48. i». N. BoNNKVii-i-K, a town of Savoy, capi- tal of Faucigny, on the N. fide of the river Arve, at the foot of a mountain called the Mole, which, from its height, and fine (loping peaks, is an objcft of great beauty, when fccn from the lake of Ge- neva. It is z« miles S. of Geneva. Lon. 6. .0. VV. Ut. 4ft- 3»- N- , „. * BooDOE-BoopcF., ^ town of Hin- dooftan Proper, canit.d of the rajah of Cutch, 330 miles N. E. by E. of Surat. Lon. 68. o. E. lat. 13. 16. N. * Boot AN, acountryN. E. of Hindooftan Proper, between Bengal and Thibet, of which laft it is a feudatory or dependency. The fouthcrnmoft ridge of the Bootan mountains rifcs near a mile and a half prrpendicular flibove the plains of Bengal, in a horiz-ontal diftance of only i <; miles ; and from the fummitthe aftonilhed travel- ler looks back on the plains, as on an ex- tenfive ocean beneath him. The capital of this country is Tiffafudon. BoPFist.EN, a fmall, free, and impe- rial town of Germany, in Suahia, on the river Egcr, four miles E. of Awlan. Lon. 10. n.^E. lac. 48. s^- N- B.1PPART, a town of Germany, m the archbilhopric of Treves, at the foot of a mountain, near the Rhine, eight miles S. of Coblentz. Lon. 7- 3 5- ^• lat. ^o. 16. N. , , , ,. f BaiJCH, a town of the duchy ot M,igdehurgh, on the Elbe, 14 mUes N. E. of Magdeburg. Lon. 12. 1. E. lat. 51- ")- N* <■ ^ ■ BoHCHi-OF.N, a town of Germany, m the bifhopric of Liege, 15 miles N. W. of LicL-c. Lon. J.3>- J*"-l'»f- 50- 5°- N. BoKGo, a town of Sweden, o" «']e milf of Finland, zo mi'.cs N. E. of Hcl- l-inyfors. L'.n. 15- 4^. E. lat. 60. 34- ^: BiRGoFORTF., a town of Italy, in ihe duchy of Mantua, on the river Po, 10 miles S. of Mantua. Lon. 10.53. E. lat. 45. O.N. , Birgo-San-Domino, an epilcopal toym of Italy, in the duchv of Parma, 1 j miles N. W. of Parma. Lon. 10. 6. E. Uu 44- 5^- N. BoRGo-i)i-SAN-SF,PULrHRO, an epifcopa! town of Tul'cany, 40 m>le* E. of Florence. Lou. w. 7. N. II. E. lat. 43. BoRCO- -!>i.=iiisiAto- kii.,- o u ilcs N. E. of Mam. 8. I I.N. town of France, in Euro »not of n mountain called from its height, and ii an objef\ of great from the lake of Ge- c:> S. of Geneva. Lon. 3Z. N. c.K, ^ town of Hin- anit;d of the rajah of N. E. by E. of Surat. 13. 16, N. iitryN. E. of Hindooftan Bengal ami Thibet, of ludatory or dependency. : ridge of tlie Bootan ear a mile and a half ve the plains of Bengal, tance of only 1 c, miles ; nit the aftonifhed travel- the plains, as on an ex- eath him. The capital ralfafudon. I fmall, free, and impc- nany, in Suahia, on the miles E. of Awlan. Lon. town of German}', in of Treves, at the foot ntar the Rhine, eight Lilentz. Lon. 7. 35. E. own of the duchy of the Elbe, 14 miles N. •g. Lon. u. 1. E. lat. , a town of Germany, in I.icge, 15 miles N. \V. of 31. K. lat. 50. 50. N. vvn of Sweden, on the 10 miles N. E. of Htl. 5.40. E.iat. 60. 34. N. , a town of Italy, in fantua, on the river Po, lautua. Lon. 10. 53. E. •Do.MiKO, an epifcopal J the duchy of Parma, 15 Parma. Lon. 10. 6. E. San-Sf.pulchro, an of Tul'cany, 40 miles Lon. w. 7, E. lat. 43. BORCO- B O R BoROO-VAL.Dt.TARO, a town of Italy, in thv duchy "f P,irma, to miles 3. W. of P.irf'a, fubjedt to the h )ulc of Au- llria. Lon. 10. 16. E. lai. 44- jo. N. BoRjA, a fmall town nt Spniii, in Ar- rajj'on, II miles S. E. !. This illand lies E. ot M.tbcca and Sumatra. Lon. 1 ii. 27. K. lat. V. S5- N. Burn Holm, n idand of the Baltic Sea, 10 niilcH S. E. of Schouen in Sweden. Lon. 14. 5O. E. lat. 54, 51;. N. * BoRVOL', an cxtenfive country in the interior part of Africa, lying to the S. L. of Fczzan, between the 1 i;th and 16th parallels of N. lat. It h:is the de- fort of Hilnia on the N. Nubia on the S. VV. and Caihna on the S. E. No in- formation can be obtained of this country from the atlual vifits of any European ; but Mr. Lucai, the geojjraphic.d miUio- nary, lent by the African affnciation, in 1788, obtained many particular*' , from fome rtfpe6table Mahometans, whofc in- formation, however, on fome account! (without impeaeliing their veracity) is not ablblutely to be depended on. The climate of Bornou, according to them, is I mountains, clofe to the torrent Fredolfo, chara£tcrizcd by excelfwe, though not by uniform, heat. Two feafons, the one com- mencing loon after the middle of April, and the uher at the fame period in Ofto- litr, may be (aid to divide the year. The firft is introduced by violent winds, that bring with them, from the S. E. and S. an intenfe heat, with a deluge of fuitry rain, and fuch tempcfts of thunder and light- ning as dedroy multitudes of the cat- tle and many of the people. At the commencement of the fccond feafon, the ardent heat fubfides ; the air becomes foft and mild, and the weather perfectly fe- . rene. The complexion of the natives is black } but they are not of the negro call. The drefs of the greater part confifts of which falls at a t'mall diftance into the Adda. It contains about 1000 inhabi- tants, and has a defolatc appearance. The houfcs arc of ftone pladcred : a few make a tolerable figure amid many with paper windows : feveral, like the Italian cot- tages, have only wooden window (hut- tcrs. Bormio is 40 miles S. £. of Coire. Lon. 10. 5. E. lat. 46. 25.N. BnRNRo, an idand of Afia, in the In- dian Ocean j formerly thought to he the largcft in the world. It was dit'- covered by the Portuguefc in 15x1 ; and is about i8co miles in circumference. The inland country is mountainous ; but toward the lea low and marftiy, occa- fioncd by the great rains that fall eight (hirts of blue cotton manuta£\ured in the months in the year. It produces rire and many forts of fruits, befide feveral an'mals unknown to the Europeans ; and the fa- mous orangoutang is a native of this ifland. It produces alfo pepper, dia- monds, gold, pearls, and bees-wax, which laft is ufed inftead of money. The peo- ple in general are very fwArthy, and they go almoft naked. There are Mahome- tans on the fcacoaft ; but all the reft are Gentoos. The Eaft India company had faftories here ; but differences arifihg be- tween them and the natives, they were all driven away, or murdered. However, in 1772, the Enplifli obtained a grant, &()m the Sooloos, of the northern part of this country, of a red cap imported from Tripoli, and a white muAin turban from Cairo. Nofc-rings of gold are worn by the principal people. But the only cover- ing of the poorer fort, is fometimw a kind of girdle tor the waifl. They cultivate two kinds of Indian corn, the horfe bean of Europe, the common kidntybean, cotton, hemp, and indii;o. The hoe is ufed in tillage ; the plough being un- known. While the men, with their hoc, form the trenches in ftraight parallel lines, the women follow and throw in the feed ; but the latter take the hoe when the wfcds begin to appear. They have m i- thef .^i^yes nor oranges, but few figs idand. The feacoaft is iilually overflowed and no good apples, plums, or dates ; half the year, and when the waters go but they nave abundance of grapes, apri- off, the earth is covered with mud ; for cots, pomegranates, lemons, limes, and which rcafon, fome of the houfes are ir.clons. The moft valuable tree is cail- built on floats, and others on high pillars, ed Redeynah, in form and height like an Ihe capital is uf the fame name, large olive, the leaf rel'embhng that of a lemon, 7 atva I B O R B O R uH beirmf» a mit, bmh tlie kernel »n I ihi!l iif' whiili arc in prciit fCmnniiiHi ( the firO at a fruit, the lull 'in account nt the oil if Pioctucc» vshi-n bruil'cil. HDrltr., ■flcii, niiilcs, Ji'j^i, horned c.titif, guati, Ihttj), and cauuls (i t thir tlcfll of wliiih ihty arc vory fond) ait tlir tomnion ani- nuU II*' the country ; hut thty have no i oxin. Tlitir hives of btt* aic fo nu- f merouH, tliJt the wax i« often thrown awriy as ;m article of no viUuc Thtir game tonfifts of the hu.iddc, and other (pccits of antelopes, the partri lliiil like wife coiitaini p.illioniitilv fund of 'es (if draughts; while xccl in chefs. Their ; name, capi.'al of the ein- Africa, f'tuated in a banks of a fmall river. ifurniatiiiD obtained by )f greater exttnt than lin^ of a inultitude of irlv placed, that the am cannot be called ol()Ui;» arc conlUiided riiul thev have fchools, n is tauijht, a* in the 1 Barbary, The royal i by high walls, and )f citadel, is built in a vn. The houfes of the itly plaftcred, both with- with clay or mud, and irm to thofe of 'J'lipoli. ndcd by a wall, and i» jfMour/.ook. Lon. 27. .N. in OK, a borough in the clhire, with a market oi> fcated on the S. fide of over which is a Hone , miles N. VV. of York, v. of London. Lon. 1. 0. N. ,E, a din rift in the S. land, on the 'aorders of It is a dreary region, nd any other part of the finctt iort of that valuable icral, black lead or wad ; (.'.I arc only opined at in- n • carefully clofcd again, fublUncc Ihoul.l beciiiiic in •"■, lead, and calamine, tills tratt. TOUNNKSS, or BONESS, rl.ind, in Linlithgow fliirc:, f the frith of Forth. It ;o,ikritH and falt-wor)' s, of which it fctms cn- i tight niiks N. of Liii.- B05A, BOS DosA, an ancient town in the W. fart of Sardinia, with a bilhopn fee, a calllc, •nd a good harbour, on a river of the fame name, 17 tnilei S. K. of Ali;hier. Lon. 8. ;o. E. tat. 40. }>>. N. Bosco, or BosciM, a tnwn nf Italv, in the Milanefe, fcated on the river Orbc, five milei G. of Alexa>.dria. Lon. V. Jt, K. I«t. 44. S4. N. BosroBH, a villaf'e of Shropllnre, near White Ladies, in the p.irilh of Tongtie, noted fur the Koyal Oak,in whiih Charles II. was concealed, and faw the foldiers pafs by in queft of hiin, after the battle of Worccfter. The tree was in- clofed by a brick wall, but it now ainioft cut away by travellers. BosNA SiRAOo, a hrire and ftrnns^ town of Turkey in liurope, capital of Uol- nia. It is i-o inile* S. W.of Bci^jrade. Lon. 17. 57. E. iar. 44. 40. N. Bosnia, a province nf Turkey in Eu- rope, bounded on the N. by Sclavonia, on the E. by .Scrvia, on the S. hv Albania, and on the W. by Croatia and D^linatia. BossiNKY, a horouLjh in C'lrnwall, whofe market it difcontinued. Ir is feated on the feacoaft, 17 milts N. W. of Laun- ccfton, and 1^3 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 40. W. ht. 50. 4;. N. BessuFT, a town fif Aullrian Bra- bant, tight miles S. nf Louvaiii. Lon. 4. 50. E. lat. ;o. 4;. N. BosT, a ftronf town of Perfia, capital of the province of Sablellan. Lon. 64. 15. E. fat. 31. 50. N. Boston, a borouph of Lincolnfhire, with two markets, on Wedntlday, and Saturday. It is feated on both fides of the river Witham ; and, being not far from its influx into the fca, enjoys a goid trade. Its harbour can admit velfcls of inferior burden only. It has a navigation from Lincoln, partly by the VVithain, and part- ly by a canal, at the t£rn\ination of which, in Bollon, is a iari^e and curiuus fluice ; and there is another canal to Uourn. It is a confiderable, thriving, well-built town. The market-place is fpacious, and the tower-fteeple is one of the moft lofty and eletrant ft ruihires of the kind, and a noted Icamark. It is 37 miles S. K. of Lincoln, and 1 1 5 N. from London. Lon. o. !;. E. lat. 53. I. N. Boston, the capital of MafTachufct's- B:iy, in N. America, feated on a penin- fula, at the bottom of a fine bay, covered by fmall iflands and recks, and defended by a caftle and platform -'f guns, wliicii render the approach of an ' / very dif- ficult. It lies in the forio 01 a crefccnt about the harbour ; and the country, be- yond, riling gradujlly, atfgrds a delij^hifal B O U pnfpeft. Tlicre is only one fife ih.or. At the but- torn (if the bay is a pier, near 1000 fett in leiigih, to which Ihips of the j'reateft hurdrn may come clufc j and, on the N. tide, are warehoules for the inerclMnis. The ftreets are handfome, paitieiilarly tli.it i.\tcndink; from the iiier to the town- houlc. There are iA churi-hcs of v.iii- oiij drnonr.'iationi. The other piiiiciiial public buildings are the ftatchoufe ; Im. neuil Hall ; the houCe, formerly the go- vernor's, now occupied by the cnuncil, trcafiircr, and feerctary ; the public gr> nary, now converted into a (lore ; and the linen manuladfory hoiife, now occupied by the bank. On the VV. fide of the town is the Mall, a bciutiful public walk. Bofton was the pl.ice, in the neighbourhood of which the firll hoftilitie;i commenced, in 1775, between the colonifts i»nd the troop« of the mother country, who *inallv evacu- ated the town in March 1771. It is 3 f 4 miles N. E. of Philadelphia. 1 on. 70. 31. W. lat. 41. 25. N. B0.SW0RTH, or Market Ios- woRTH, a town ir Leicefterlhire with a market on Wednefday. if " fcated on a high hill, and famous .r a battle fought hrre between Richard HI. and the earl of Richmond, afterward Henry VI f. in which the former loll his crown and life. It is I ; miles N. W.of Leicefter, and 106 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 1. i8. W. lat. !,!. 40. N. ' Botany Bay, a bay of New S. Wales, on the E.coall of New Holland, fo called from the great i]uantity of herbs found on the ihore. It \viis originally fixed on for a colony of convi£ts from Great Bri- tain, which, in the lecjucl, took place at Port Jackfon, i? miles farther to the N. Lon. 1 ;i. 22. K. ht. 34. o. S. Bo rUNiA, a province in Sweden, on a gulf of the fame iiMine, which divides it into two parts, called E. and VV. Bothnia. BoxrESDALK. See BfDDESDA LE. BorwAR, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, 1 5 niil'.s S. E. of Hail- bron ; iubjedl to the duke of Wurtem- burg. Lon. 9. 32. VV. lat. 49. 9. N. Botzenburo, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river Elbe. Lon. 10. 48. K. lat. 53. 30. N. BoVA.an cpifcopal town of the king- dom of Naples ; feai ?d near the Appen- nine Mountains, xr .nilcs S. E. of Reg- gio. Lon. 16.20. E. lat. 37. 50. N. lioucHAiN, a fortified town of France, in the department of the J^orth. and late French ?l B O U B O U French Hainai'lt ; divided into two parts by the Sdicld. It was taken liy tlic French in 1676; and by the aH.es in 171 1 ; but retalitn the year following. It is nine miles W. of Valenciennes. Lon. 3. 21. E. lat. 50. 18. N. BoucHAHT, a tmall town of France, in :he department of Indre and Loire and late prf'vincc of Touraine. It is fitu- ated in a Imall ifland of the river Vienne, 1 5 miles from Tours. BoUDKY, a fmall town of Swifferland, in the principality of Ncuchatel. Lon. 6. 40. £. lat. 47. I. N. Bouillon, a town of France, in the ^uchy of the fame name, and in the terri- tory of Luxemburgh. ThJs duchy is a ib- vereignty independent of France 5 and, on the nth of March 179*. the king of Great Britain granted to captain Philip d'Auvergnc, of the royal navy, his licence to accept the fuctcffioii to the faid d".rhy, in cafe of the death of the hereditary prince, only fon of the reigning duke, without ift'i.e male, purfuant to a declara- tion of his ierene highnets, dated June 25, 1701, "at the dtfire, and with the exprefs and formal confcnt nf the nation." The town has a caftle, feucd on an almoft in- acceff\ble ruck, near the river Semois, tt miles N. E. of Sedan. Lon. 5. 20. £. lat. 49. 45. N. ' Bovi.VaS, a town of the Auftrian Ne- therlands, in the province of Namur, on the river Maefe, ten miles S. of Namur. Lon. 4. c;o. £. lat. 50. iq. N. Bo Vive, an epifcopal town of the kingdom of Naples, feaied at the foot of the Appcnnines, 15 miles N. E. of Benevento. Lon. 15. 15. E. lat. 41. »7._N. Boulogne, a large and handfome Tc?.- port of France, in the department of the Streits of Calais and late province of Bou- lonnois. It was lately an epifcopal fee, and is uivided into two towns, the Higher und the Lower. The harbour has a mole for the fafety of the Ihips ; and which, at the fame time, prevents it from being choked up. It is fcated at the mouth of the river Lianne, 14 miles S. of Calais. Lon. 1. 41. E. lat. 50. 44. N. * Bourbon, an ifland of Africa, in the Indian Ocean, about 60 miles long, and 41; broad. Thty liave not a fafc har- bour in the ifland ; but many good roads for (hipping. On the S. E. is a volcano. It is a fertile ifla:id ; producing, in parti- cular, excellent tobacco. The French firft fettled here in 1671, and have fome con- Aderable towns in the ifland, with a go- vernor ; and here their Eaft India ftiips - touch for refrelhinenis. It i) 300 miles E. of Madagafcar. Lon. 55. 30. E. lat. 10. 51. N. Bourbon Lancj, a town of France, in the department of Saone and Loire and late province of burgundy. It is re- markable for its cattle and hot mineral waters ; and there is a large marble pave- ment, called the Great Bath, v.nich is a work of the Romans. It is 15 miles S. W. of Autun. Lon. 4. 4. E. lat. 46. 47. N. Bourbon i.'ArchamBaud, a fmall town of France, in the department of AI- lier and late provii.ce of Bourbonnois. It it fituated in a bottom, near the river Al- lier, and is remarkable for its hot baths, and for giving name to the family of the late unfortunate king of France. It is i s miles W. of Moulins, and 362 S. of Paris. Lon. 3. 5.E. lat. 4^. 31;. N. BoURBONNE-LE- BAINS, a town of France, in the department of Upper Marne and late province of Champagne, famous for its hot baths. It is 17 miles £. of Langrcs. Lon. 5. 45. E. lat. 4.7. 54. N. Bourbonnois, a province of France, bounded on the N. by Nivcrnois and Ber- ry ; on tiie W. by Berry and part of Marehe ; on the S. by Auvergnc,and on tlie E. by Burgundy and Forez. It abounds in corn, fruit, pafture, wood, game, and wine. It now forms the department of Allier. BouKDEAUx, an ancient city of France, in the department of Gironde and late province of Guienne. It is an archbifliop's fee, has a univerlity, and an academy of arts and fciences. It is built in the form of a bow, of which the river Garonne is the ftring : this river is bor- dered by a large quay, and the water rife* four yards at full tide, for which foafon the largeft veffels can come up to i, ery readily. It contains upward of 100,000 inhabitants, and is one of the firll cities of France for magnitude, riches, and beauty. The cathedral, and the churches belone- ing to the late rcligi<»us orders, the Domi- nicans and Chartreux, arc much admired. The fpirc of St. Michael's was a beautiful Gothic piece till 1768, when more than 100 feet of it was thrown down by a hur- ricane. Thp caUle, called the Trumpet, is felted at the entrance of the quay, and the river runs round its walls. Mod of the great ilreets lead to the quay ; but are all narrow, except one. The town has iz gates; and near another cattle are fine walks. The moft remarkable antiquities are the palace of Galicnus, built like an amphi- theatre, and fcveral aqucdufts in dilTcrent places. It has a confiderable trade ; and they fliip every year 100,000 tons of wine and ■-^Jifrr-^i J-* iSHSfcSA-.itJl'i^'^ B O U ifcar. Lon. 55. 30. E. La NCI, a town of France, tment of Saone and Loire nee of burgundy. It is rc- its cattle and hot mineral there is a large marble pave- hc Great Bath, v.nich is a Romans. It is 15 miles S. n. Lon. 4. 6. E. lat. 46. l'ArchamSaud, a fmall ce, in the department of Al- jrovii.ce of Bourbonnois. It a bottom, near the river Al- emarkable for its hot baths, ig name to the family of the ate king of France. It is 1 s yioulins, and 361 S. of Paris. , kt,4ft. 35. N. iNE-LE- BAINS, a town of the department of Upper ate province of Champagne, ts hot baths. It is 17 miles es. Lon. $• 45* ^- '**• ♦'• JNois, a province of France, he N. by Nivernois and Ber- ; W. by Berry and pare of the S . by Au vergnc, and on tlie indy and Forez. It abounds in lafture, wood, game, and wine. s the department of Allicr. Aux, an ancient city of the department of Gironde 3vince of Guienn'5. It is an fee, has a univerfity, and an arts and fciences. It is built of a bow, of which the river the ftring : this river is bor- arge quay, and the water rifes at full tide, for which r»afon vcffels can come up to i, ery contains upward of 100,000 and is one of the firft cities of magnitude, riches, and beauty. Iral, and the churches belon^- ite rcligiws orders, the Domi- Chartreux, arc much admired. if St. Michael's was a beautiful :e till 1768, when more than it was thrown down by a hur- 'hp calUe, called the Trumpet, the entrance of the quay, and ins round its walls. Moft of the s lead to the quay ; but are all :cptone. The town has 1 2 gates ; another caftle are fine walks, remarkable antiquities arc the Salicnus, built like an amphi- nd feveral aqucdufts m different ; has a confiderable trade ; and :very year 100,000 tons of wine and B O IT »nd brandy. This is the place wliere Ed- ward the Black Prince relidtd Icveral years, and his fon, afttiward Richard 11. was born. It is 87 miles S. of Rochelie, and 315 S. W. of Palis. Lon. o. 30. W. lat. 44, 50. N. BouRDiNs, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in the province of Namur 5 miles N. W. of Huy. Lon. 5. 0. E. lat. so. 35. N. BOW vincc of Champagne, ix miles from Ctiaumunt. Lon. 5. 43. E. lit. 4*. 14. N. UouRN', a large town in Lino '"liire, with a j?'ijd market on Saturda It is feated ni if a fpring called Burnw ..-head, from which proceeds a river that runs through the town. It is noted for the co- ronation of king Edmund. It is 31; miles S. of Lincoln, and 97 N. of London. BouRG, the capital of the ifland of Loit. o. 10. W. lat. 5*. 41. N. BouRO, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, between the Moluccas and Celebes, It is well cultivated, and fubjcft to the Dutch, who have a fortrefs here. Some moun- tains in it are extremely high, and the fea on one fide is uncommonly deep. It Cayenne, in S. America. Lon. 52. 50. W. lat. 5. a. N. BouRG, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ain and late province of Brcffe. Near this place, is the magnifi- cent church aid monaftery of the late Auguftins, in which is the maufolcum of produces nutmegs and cloves, as well as Margaret of Auftria, aunt of Charles V. cocoa and banana trees, and many vcge- and other fine pieces of fculpture. Bourg tables introduced by the Dutch. Croco- is feated on th? river Reffoufle, 20 miles diles, of an aftonifhing fize, infeft the S. E. of Macon, and 233 S. E. of Paris, banks of the rivers, devourini; fuch beafts Lon. 5. 19. E. lat. 46. n. N. as fall in their way j and men are pro- BouRG, a fmall town of France, in the tefted from their fury by no other me- dcpartment of Gironde and late province thod than carrying torches. M. Bougan^ of Guienne, with a good harbour on the ville afferts, that thefc crocodiles have river Dordognc, near the point of land formed by the confluence of that river and the Garonne, which is called the Bec- d'Ambez, and is thought a dangerous paf- fage. It is 15 miles N. of Bourdeaux, Lon. o. 30. W. lat. 41;. 5. N. Bo'jp.GANEUF, a fmall well-built town even been known, in the night, to feize people in their boats. Bouro is 50 miles in circumference. Lon. 127. 25. E. lat, 3. 30. S. Boi RTON-ON-THE-HTLi., a village of Glouceftcrfhire, on the fide of a hilt, with a fine profpeft into Oxfordfliire. of France, in the department of Creufc There arc two fprings in this parifti, one and late province cf Marchc. It is re- of which runs E. and empties ittelf into markable for a very large and Ipfty tower, the Thames, and the other W. into the faced with flones cut diamond-wile, it was erefted, toward the end of the i i;th century, by Zifim, brother of Bajazet II. emperor of the Turks, when he was obliged to exile himftlf, after the lofs of a decifive battle. Bourganeuf is feated on the river Taurion, 20 milts N. E. of Li- moges, and 200 S. of Paris. Lon. i. 35. E. lat. 45. 59. N. BouRGEs, an ancient town of France, in the department of Cher and late pro- Tince of Berry, with an archiepifcopal lee and a univcrfitv. Although, in extent, it is one of the greatcll cities in France, the in- habitants hardly amount to 21;, coo, and their trade is inconfideraUle. This city was the birthplace of Lewis XI. the Nero of France, and the celebrated prenchcr Bourdaloue. It is feated on ilie rivers Auron and Yevre, 25 miles N. W. of Ne- vers, and 125 S. of Paris. Lun. 2. ii. E. Int. 47. 5. N. BoURGET, a town of Savoy, on a lake of the fame name, fix miles N. of eham- berry. Lon. 5. 50. E. lat. 49. 41. N. BoURMONT, a town of France, in the department of tipper Mtrne and late pro- Severn. It is five miles from Stow, and 30 from Glouccftcr. BoURTOS-OK-THF.-WATER, a vil- lage, about a mite from the preceding place, and rtear tlie Roman Fofs : it is watered by a river that rifcs near it, which here fpreads 30 feet wide, over which is a fl;onc bridge, befide feveral others of wood at proper dillances. It has many good houfes and a tolerable trade. Adjoining to it is a quadrangular Roman camp, in- dofing 60 acres, now divided into 20 fields, where c.iins and othtr antiquities are dug up. BOUSSA0, a town of France, in the de- partment of Creufe and late province of \larche, with a caftle, on an almoft inac- celfible nxk, 2; miles N. E. of Gucret. BouiON, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, 12 miles from the S. E. of Cele- bes. The inhabitants are Imall, but well fhaped, and of a dark olive complexion. Their religion is Mahometanifm. Lon. 123. 30. E. lat. 5. o. S. Bow, a fmall pretty town In Devon- ftiire, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated at the fpring-head of a ilvcr that faUe I ~~T" BRA 7^-- falls into the Ta\V. It is 14 milt* ^- W. of &xcter. » Bow, or Stratford if. Bow, a confiderable village «Yon(hire, wliicli R A • e river are precipitnteJ o feet. ■ge province nf the Ne- the head of tl'.t I oiile .crtie" liukc. ^' is by Holland : "f. 'he iland ; on the li . i)y nv Nanuir ; ar.(; \ .lie Flandcrr-, and ZtdUnd. )iral ; but the northern ed' is the chief tovJ'n, iit((l Provinces, under )f Dutch Brabant. The ire the Scheld and the a handfume town of mony of St. Peter, on a ame, 12 miles N. W. of re fome celebrated baths of the town. Lon. iz. I ftrong town of Pcrtind, A on the river Bog, >^ , nieck. Lon. 28. 301 K. I borough of Northamp' market on Wednefday. branch of the Oufe, and irches. It had formerly a freefchool, and is 18 •lorthampton, and 64 N. Lon. I. 10. W. lat. 5*. n of Sclavonia, on the N. Save, 18 miles S. of Po- ;6.E. lat. 4?. 19. N. , or Ba tiKsi.F.V) a vil- fgrovc, in Worceftcrfliire, ■uins of a fuperb abbey, Einprefs Maud, mother of , a town of Effex, with a uJrfday ; 16 miles N. of ion. o. 30. E. lat. 51. a town in Wilts, with a rtday, It is the centre of )ric of fuperfine cloths in I it (hares with the fur^ ; of Trowbridge, Melk- , and Chippenham, It is ivcm, 1 1 milts W. of Dc- W. of London. Lon. i. lo. N. , a town in the W. riding vith a market on Monday. in (balloons, everlaftings, nade in the neighbouihond'. a branch of the Aire, 3O York, 3iul 19^ N. N. V»', Lon. I. 40. W. lat. 53. , ' a town of I>tVon(hire, whicli BRA which formerly had a market, and was a coiiliderable place before a (ire !isppcntd, whicii burnt it to the ground. It is 11 miles N. of Exeter. Buae-Mak, a fertile vale of Abcr- deen(hire in Scotland. The riie:e:cd front and kifty fummits of the awful precipices that Curround this valkv, here and tliere Ihadcd by a I'olirary hinli or pine, exhibit a truly pidlurelquc and romantic (cenc, and iinpreCs the mind with ideas of I'ubli- mity and p mlcur. The caf^le of Brae- Mar, the fdiuily feat of the earls of Mar, now belongs, with its cxtenfive domains, to the earl of Fife. It was here that the carl of Mar bei^an the rebellion in 1715. It is 17 miles N. \V. it' Aberdeen. Brag A, a town of Portugal, capital of the province of Entrc-Minho-e-Dniiero. It is featcd on the river Cavado, 180 miles N. of Lilbon. Lon. 8. 29. W. lat. 41. 42. N. BRAGANZA,thc capital of the duchy of Braganza, in I'urtuaal. It is divided into two towns, ihe Old and the New. The Old is ftated on an eminence, fur- rounded by double walls ; and the New Aands in a plain, at the foot of a mountain, and is defended by a f(jrt. It is featcd on the river Sabor, 32 miles N. W. of Miranda. Lon. 6. 30. W. lat. 42. 2. N. Braii.a, a towii of Turkey in Eu- rope, in Walachia, on the Danube. It has a calUc, taken by the Rullians in 171 1 ; but afterward reftortd. Brailow, a town of Poland, in Podo- lia, on the river Bog, jr- miles N. W. of Bracklaw. Lon. 2S. o. E. lat. 49. 12. N. BRArs" LE CoMHTfe, a town of Auf- trian Hainault, i^ miles S. W. of Bruf- iels. Lon. 4. 6. E. lat. f;c. 41. N. Braintree, a town in ElTcx, with a market on Wednefday. It has a confi- dcrable manufactory of bays, and adjoins to the large village of Bocking, which is noted for the fame. It is iz miles N. of Chelmsford, and 41 N. E. of London. Lon. o. 40. E. lat. 51. i;;. N. Brakel, a town of Germany, in the bilhopric of Paderborn, ftated on the ri- vulet Brught, 12 miles E. of Paderborn. Lou. 9. 12. £. lat. ;i. 46. N. *■ Br ALIO, a lofty mimniain of the Alps, in the country of the Grifons. It leparates the valley of Munfter from the county of Bormio j and this part of the Alps is fuppofed to be the lame which Tacitus mentions under the name of Juga khxtica. Bramant, a town of Savoy, on the river Arck, 3<; miles N. W. of Turin. hoa, -J, 5. £. kt, 4j. 15. N. 8 R A Brambf.Rj a borough of SulTex, for- merly of tome account, but now witlioUt either marketer fair. It is 47 miles S. by W. of London. Lon. o. 12. W. lat. ?o, 52. N. Bkampton, a town of Cumbcrlandi with a market on Tucfday. It is featej on the river Itlhin, near the Pifls wall'. On the top of a high hill, is a fortified trench, called the ' Mote. It is eight miles N. E. of Carlide, and 311 N. N. \V. of London. Lon. 2. 40. W. lat. i;4i 58. N. BraMpto.**, a village in Hereford- (hire, one mile S. of I?.of . Here are th* ruins of a magnificent jallle j artd thd gatchoufe. which is entire, is a very cu- rious rtrufturc. • BaANCASTKR, a village of Norfolk, to the E. of the promontory of St. Ed'* munJ's-chapcl, was anciently Branodu-i num, a confiderable Roman city, where ancient coins have been frtaucntly dug up; Brancho.v, a town ot the Auhriaa Netherlands, in the province of Namur* on the river Mchatgne, f .ght miles N. ot Namur. Lon. 4. 40. E. lat. 50. 36. 1^. Brawdels, a town of Bohemia, on th6 river Elbe, 10 miles N. E. of Prague; Lon. 14. 4^. E. lat. 50. 15. N. BrANDENHL'RO, THE MaRCHE OFj a country of Germany, bounded otl the N. b^ Pomerania and Mecklenburg; oil the E. by Poland •, on the 8. by Silefn, Lui'atia, Upper Saxony, and Magdeburg ^ and on the W. by Lunenburg. It is di- vided into five principal parts ; the Old Marche, Pregaitz, the Middle Marche, UckcrMarche.andthe New Marche. Ber- lin is the capital ; and the principal rivers are the Elbe, Havel, Spree, Ucker, Oder* and Wai-tc. The greatell part of the in- habitants are Lutherans j but tlic Fapifti are tolerated. Bramdenburc, a town of Hermanyt divided into the Old and New i uwn, b/ the river Havel, which fcparates the fort from both. Great numbers of Prencli refugees having fettled here, introdiicei their manufafturcs, and rendered it a prolpcrous trading place. It is 16 niiltsi W. of Berlin. Loti. 14. 5. E. lat. 52. 45. N. Brandon, a town of SiifTolk, which once had a market, It is Ce itej on the % river Little Oufe, over which it has a bridge, and a ferry at a mile'v dirtance j whence it is divided into IJrandon, and Brandon. Ferry j which lalt has the mo(t bufinefs, bccaule Commodities arc biou';ht thither from the Ifle of Ely, It is~^^iz miles N. of Bury, and 78 N. E. of Lon- don. Lon. o. 45, E. lat. 52. 30. N. O Branska, 't, % BRA BRA Brakska» a town of TranfyU'snia, •B the river Merilh, 35 miles S. o^ Wtil- lcinburg< Lon. 14. 1;. K. Ut. 4'). o. N. Bh a -■ I l, a lar^e country of S. America, v/hich ^ivcs the title of prinre to the heir appitreiit of thr crown of Porrii^^al. It includes the molt talttrn part of S. /\mc- rica, and Iv.s between the equinoctial line and the tropic of Capricorn, bcini< aHotit n6o miles in length, and 1000 in hreadih; Vut meafiuing aionjr the coaft, it is near jooo milts long. It >• as dilcovercd by chance in t ;oo ; fari fif the wines, are of the colour of j;old, and tile thijthsiire as green a>; an emerald : the legs and bill are as black as pnliditd ebony, and the eyes rtfemble two oval dianionds, being (.f the colour of burnilh- ed (leel : the head is green, with a mix- ture of pold, and of a furprifing luftre : that of this cock is adorned with a (ii'all luft : it is almoft impolfible to conceive how fo 'mall a bird can have fo loud a note. The Portuguelic ohicfly inhabit the « oart ; for they have not penetrated far j ito the country. The inland parts are fill of people of different languages ; hur tl'iey all agree in wearing no clothes. They are of a copper colour, with long coarfe black hair on th'-ir heads, but wirh- fiit anv on the other iians of their bodies, like the reft of the AiTier'cans, They arc Ihonr, Ir'ely, and fjav , .md fubjeft ro •«;w iliftefci. 'I'hcv luve tu adoru tiicrn- fclvcs with feathers and are fond of feafts, at whicluhcy liaiic.t iiiimoder.:tely. Tl.tf have no temples, nor any other fiun <.f reli;;ion ; and thty make no m.oiner of fcrupit to marry their ncartft relatione. They have laiis iiiade of the branches of trees, and covtred with palm-t'ce leaves. Their turniturc eoniills chiefly in tiitir hammocks, ami dilliis, or cups, made of calibalhis, painted wrnout of a red colour, and black within. 'J'lieir knives are made of a fort of fionc and Iplit canes ; and they have bafkets of ditferem fi/.cs, ciiieriy made of palm-trees leaves. Their arms are bows, arrows, and wooden clubs. When they travel, tiny falkn their ham- mocks between two tries, and lltcp all niuht therein. Th^ Portiiguefe divide Brafil into fifteen governments, eight of which belong to the crown, and thertll u great men, who luivt peopled them at their own txpeiice. They are all under a viceroy, who refidts at St. Sulvadore. ' BKAbiiA, a fiiiall illand to the N. of Scotland, one of tlie Shetland iflands. Between this and the principal i(lan n\m B R E by fi ;htniiig, and all the houfcs were ihaXen, as if there hail been an eirthqunke. Thii town is iliviiietl int > four quartern ; anJ in tlie mul 'le is a lai\'c m Tktt-j.iacc, with tlM" flat le of R'lldulo. It is ii luilcF E. of Olilenburg;, Lon. 8. 4:*. K. lat. ^5. 6. >J. KaEM' s, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, lyinii between the Wtftr aiul tlie ICibe ; the former of vvhich feparates it from the duchy of Ol- clen'uiirf.'. nnd the other from that of Ho! • fieii*. The air i» cold ; but the country is fc'-'ic and v.tll peopled. It formerly bcl"ii;;cd to tne Suedes, liiit was fidd to the eieiStor 1 f Hanover, in 1716. In the winter it is fubjeft ti inundnti'^ns, and paniculnrly in 1617, on Chril], as-day, ftveral thoiifmd cattla were drownjtj, bc- fidc fcvcral hundreds of men ; and the country was fo covered with water, tluit it has coft itnmenfe fums to repair the dikes. BRE^!l•.NWOERD, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Bremen ; formerly a for- tified town ; but, fince tl'.e ye;ir 1683, the fortifications have been dcmolifhed. It is 27 miles N. of Bremen. Lon. 8. 45. E. lat, "i^. 33. N. Brknt, a town of Dcvonfliirc, with a market on Saturday. It is zf> mile^ S. W. Of Exeter, and too W. by S. of Lon- don. Lon. 4. ». E. lat. 50. 33. N. * Brent, a river of SomerfetOiire, which rifcsin Selwrol Foreft, on ;ix edge of Wilts, and receiving feveral rivulets, f5;-in:icularly one from Shepton -Mallet and Wd'-r, falls into Bridgewatcr Bay. Bri-Nte, a river which has its fourcc in the Wihopric of Trent, and falls into tile piilf oppofitc Venice. Rrentvord, a town in Middlefex, with a market on TutfJay. It is fcated on the Thames, inta which, at the W. end of tne town, flows a rivulet called the Brent. Here the freeholders of Middlc- fcx meet to choofe the knights of the Aire. It is a long town ; that part of it, called Old Brentford, is opp(;fite Kew Green, and in the parifti of Great Ealing : that called New Brentford, in which Aand the church and market-place, is partly in the pariflj of New Brentford, and partly in that .of Hanwell. This town is CevLn mites W, ot London. Lcn. 0. lo. W. lat. t,i,i(). N. Brentwood, a town in FlTex, with a market on Thurfday. It (lands on a fitte emmcnce, 11 miles W. S. W. of Chelmsford, and 18 £. N. E. of London. Lon. o. 2^ E. lat. ci. 36. N. Brescia, a flrong and handfomc town of Italy, with a citadel, and a bifliop's fee. 'It is the capital of Brel'ciano, and a fcatGd B R E on the river Gar/.a, o5 miles \V. of Ve« nicr. Lon. :o. 5. E. lat. 45. 31. N. BuEsciANo, a province of Italy, in the territory ot Venii'e ; liouiidi-d on the >J. by the country of tiie fJrfons, and the bi iiopiic of Trent; on the K. by the l;ike Carda, tlie Veronefe, and the iiichy of Mantua ; on the S. bv that duchy aiu! rhc Cremone'c, and on the W . by the t;re- iiialco, the liirgamo, and tiic V'altclinr.. It is uarcicd by leveral Imall rivers, ar J is full of towns and villages. BKPSELr.o, a town of Italy, in the durby of Modcn.i, on the river Po, zy miles N. W. of MiAlena. Lon. 10. 41. E. lat. 44, :;o.N. BiiEsi, AW, a large, rich, and populous town of (jerinany. capital of Silelia, with a bilhop's lee, and a univrrfity. It is fcated at the conliiix of the Oder and Ola, which laft run- tlirou;;h leveral of the Oreets. All the lumfts are built with rtone, and it is furrounded by go(Kl walls, llrenijthened by ramparts and other works. There- are two iftands near it, formed by the Oder ; in one of which is a church, whofe tower was burnt by lightning in 1730 ; in the*" other, called Tflum, is the cathedral. The royal palace was obtiiined by the Jefuits, where they founded a univcrfivy in 170^. The two principal churches bclont; to the Protellants ; near one of which is a eoileuc. It was taken by the king of Prullia in 1741, and re- mkcn by the Aullrians in 17,7 ; but the kinjj regained it the fame vesr. It is iie miles N. E. of Praj^u-, and 165 N. of Vienna. Lon. 17. 14. E. !at. 51. 3. N. Bresle, a river of Frr.ncc, that has its fource above Aumalc ; feparates the k'te provinces of Normandy and Picatdv, waters £u, and then falls into the Engliib Channel. Bi'. F..SSE, a tiUC province of Fr iice. hounded on the IV. by Jiur^jundy and Franche Comtd, on the E. by Savoy, on the S.by theVicnnois, andon'he VV.by the Lvonois. It now forms the dcpcutmtnt of A ill. Bri-.ssi'iue, a town of France, in the dcpartnient of the two Sevres and late province of Poirou, with a coUtgC; 35 miles N. W. of Poitier . StiKST, a town of France, in the de- partment of Finillerre ai.^'. kite province of Brittany, with th« bell harboi r in I'rance, and a caftlc feared on a cra^ gv rock by the ftafidc. The ftreets are nauow, crooked, and all upon a dcoli.ity. The quay is above amile in length. The arfenal was built by Lewis' XIV. whole fuccclTor eitablithed a marine academy here in 17*2 ; and, 4s this it the iKingi|J»l po|Ft to? the French ■ nivy, iffu ft R E •/a, 05 miles W. of Ve« li. Ut.45. ;ii. N. ,1 piDvijicc of Italy, in "'tnii't; li(mi)Ji.J on the V (if the fM^uns, nnd tlie .in the K. by the l;ike .iic!e, and the Muchy of S. bv tlint ducUy :iiu! the on the W. by the C^rc- invi, ;\nil tlic V'iiltclim,. I'tvcral fiTiall rivtrs, ar.J ml villages. a town of Italy, in tho 11:1, on the river Po, z7 Mixtciui, Lui\. 10. 41 ■ large, rich, and jiopulous iy, capital of Siklla, with and a \inivcvfity. It is itUlx of the Oder and Ola, )■■ tliroii;;h fevcral of the ie houfts are built with furroundtd by uo<>d walls, rarnparts and other works, iflands near it, formed by one of which is a church, las burnt by lightning in other, called Thimi, is the ic royal palace was obtained s, where they founded a 1702. The two prmcipal t; to the Protctlants ; near is a coileuc. Jt was takep f I'rullia in i74'f and rc- Xullrians in 17^7 ; but tlie it the fame year. It is iie if Pragu", and 165 N. c^ . 17. u. ti. !at. 51. 3. N. river of Frr,nce, that has its AuMialc ; fcparates the L'te Normandy and Picardv, dthen falls mto the Enijliib late province of Fr nee, the Jv. by liury:iim!y and ti5, on the E. by 8avoy, en icnnois, and on' he \V. by the now forms the dep;u't''ntnt E, a town of France, in the f the two Sevres and late Poitou, with a colifcge, 35 of Poititr . town of France, in the de- iniltarre ai.v'. kite province of I th« bell harboir in France, atcd on a cragi'v rock by the ftreets avc narrow, crooked, I a declivity. The quay is length. The arfenal was built V. whole futccffor eHablifted lemy here in i7'4 ; and, 4« :inq»|»iil pojft to? the Frenofc ^ navy, 6 ft I - « rflvy, if hns every other accominrnlation for tlie marine fcrvicc. The Knj^lilli at- ttuiptetl in vain to take this place in i'i';4. It is jn miles S. E. of Morlaix, and 315 N. of Paris. Lon. 4. 16. W. lat. 43. Z3.N. BuKsfR, or BuEssin, the capital of Poltfia, in Poland, featcil on the river Hog, too miles li. rtf Warfaw. It h a forti- fied town, and has a calUt Iniiit upon a rock, litre is a famous (ynaj^oi^ue, rtlort- ed to by the Jews from all die countries in Kuropi;, Lon. 24. 6. E. lat. ^i. 4. N. BuKTACNK, a late jirovinc. r.f France, i-o mile, in length, and 11; in breadth. It is a ptninfiila, united on the E. to An- jou, Maine, Narmandy, and Poitou. The air is lunpcratc, and it hai large forelh. It is formed int(j fi\e of t\v- new d'epirt- mcnts of France ; nanitly, the North Coaff, FiniRerre, Ifle and Vilame, Lower Loire, and Morbihan. Brktki'Ii., a town of France, in the r-pflt of Upper Alps ai)d Jatc pro- B R I vlncc of Daupliiny, with a caftlc featrd cm a craguy rocK. It is remarkalile for tlw manna gathered m its nrighbonrhoudj which at firil appears on the leaves and I'mall branrlitb of a fort of pine-tree ; but they make incifions into the buik, 10 get larger (juantitics. It has a lund'bhic church, and a noble bridjrc, iSo feet iit hcii^ht. It is 17 miles N. W'.of Embrun, Lon. 6. 25. E. lat. 44. 46. N. Briarf, a town of France, in the de- partment of Loiret and l.!"-',- povincc of Orle.inois ; feated on tlie L -ire, a:*l re- markable for a famous canal of eim.nuni. cation between that river and the S'jiiie, It is 35 milts S. E. of Orleans, and Si 3. of Paris. Lon. 1. 47. E. 1 it. 4;. 40. N. BmDr.E.VD, a town of Gliivorgan- fliirc, with a market en SiturJ;,-. Jt it feated on the river O^nvin:, which di' ide$ it into two parts, joined bv a Itonc ,)ri'!).e. It is fevcn miles \V. by N. of Cowbridge, and J7« W. of Loudon. Lon. 3. 3S. \V. lat. 51. 30. N, Dridje-Towh, the capiral of the idand of Barbadoes, fituated in the iimioffi part of Carlifle Bay. It contains 1500' houfcs, " id would make a figure in any kingdom of Europe. The Itrects are broad, the houfes liigh, and the rcntj dear. The wharfs and tjuays are neat and conv< nicnr, and the forts are very ftrong. The church is as large as fom« cathetiralp, and it has a fine (jrgan. Hers alfo is a freefchool, an hofpiial, and a col- lege ; the latter ere<^ed by the focicty for propajjating the gofpel, purfuant to the will of colonel Codrington, who endowed ic with locol. a year, for the maintenance of profelfors and fcholars in divinity, phyfic, andfurgery. Lon. 50. 36, VV. lat. 13.5. N. Bridce.north, a borough in Shrop- fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the Severn, which divides it into twv parts, joined by a h.inlfome ftone bridge. They arc cali.d the Upper ancl Lower Town. Tiic ftrccts are br-iad and paved, and it has two churche-. It was formerly fortified with walls, and had n. caftle, (eated on a rock, but now in ruins. It is 20 miles W. by N. of Biriringham,, and 139 N. W. of London. L,->n. }• 2S,' VV. lat. 52. 36. N. Bridcewater, a large borough of Somerfctfliirc, with two markets on Thurf- , day and Saturday. It is feared on the river Parret, over which is a ftoiic bridge, and near it fhips of ico tens burden may ride. It carries on a confiderablecoaft- ing trade, and trades likewiCc with Ireland aiid Norway, The tide here rulhcs in with great violence, and rifcs to/ a vail height, It is eight miles S. of ' G 3 tlie B R I B R I the Briftol Channel, 31 S, S. W. of Rrif- a p^oo*l market on Thurfday for cattle an«1 tnl, ami 137 VV. by S. of London. Lon. u.ovifinns. It is feared on the river An- 3. 10. W. lat. !;i. 7. N. kam. Some call it Glandfordbridge. 1'. IJRiDLiNfiTON, or BuRi.TVGTON, a is I ^ miles N. of Lincoln, and 153 N. ot feaportin the E. riding of Yorkdiire, with London. Lon. o. 10. W. Int. 33. 40. N. a niaiket on Saturday. It is leatcd on liRiOHTHKiMSTONF, afciiport rf Snf- a creek near Fiamborough-hcad, wirh a ftx, with a nr.irket on Thurfdu;. It was commodious quay for fliips and is a place a poor town, inhabited chiefly by fillicr- of good trade, 36 miles N. of Hull, and men, but having, for a few years paft, »o8 N. of London. Lon. o. 5. VV. lat. 54. become a fafliionablc place of rclort, on 8. N. account of its convenience for bathinu;, it Bridport, a borough of Durfetftitre, has been cnbrged by miiny handGime new with ^ market on Saturday. It is featcd buildiiigs for lodgings, with public rooms. The between two rivers, and had once a har- bour, which is now choked up with fand. Jt has one church, and aljout 400 houfcs. The market is remarkable for h-mp ; and here are large manufafturcs of (ail-cloth and nets. It is ix miles W. of Dorchef ^;c. The Sriinc, a fine lawn, between the town r.iid the I'es ♦'orms a beautiful and fd.ouiito rtfor:. for the company. Here Charles II. embarked for France in 165 I, after the battle of Warcefter. This town is fometimcs called Brighton. It is , and 13 i; W. by S. of London. Lon. the ftation of the packetboats, to and from Dieppe, in time of peace, and is ^* milts 5. of London, and 74 N. W. of Dieppe, Lon. o. 6. K. lat (fO. ^i. N. Brignoli.es, a town of France, in the departmtnt of Var and late province of Provence, fani ii"; for its prunes, and featcd amonj; ntoui.ains, in a pleafant country, 315 miles S. S. K.of Paris. Lon. 6. 15. E. lat. ,^3. 24. N. Bruiukga, a town of Spain, in New Cattile, where general Stanhope and the Englifh arniv were t^iken prifoners, after they had feparated from that commanded by count Starcmberg. It is featcd at the foot of the moimtain Tajtma, 43*'milts N. E. of Madrid, Lon. 4. to. W. lat. 40. 50. N. BRiMi'5Fir.LD,a village of Glouceftcr- fhire, on the river Stroud. Here arc the foundations of a caftle long deflroyed. It had alfo a nunnery. The river Stour rifes here, and tiie turnpike road from Glou- ter, a. 51. W. lat. 50. 4J. N. Briec, a handfomc town of Germany, in Silcfia, capital of a territory of the lame name, with a college, and an acailemy ■where the nobility learn their cxercifcs. Jt belongs to the king of Pruflia, and is feated on the Oder, 20 miies S. E. of Brellaw. Lon. 17- 3 5- K- lat. '-.o. -io. N. BRirr,, a maritime town of the U - nitcd Provinces, capital of the ifland of Voorn. It is one of the cautionary towns delivered into the hands of queen Elifa-- bcth, and garrifoned by the Lnglilh diir- ing her reign and part of the next. The Dutch took it from the Spaniards in 1.^72, \vhich was the foundation of their repub- lic. It is feated at the mouth of the Meufe, 13 miles S.W. of Rotterdam. Lon. 4.23. E. lat. 51. so. N. BaiKNTi, a lake of the canton of Bern, in Swifferland, three leagues long and one broad. It is well ftored with filh ; with a very delicate kind cfpecialiy, which is cefter to Circncefter (the Ermme-Orcet peculiar to this lake, and which is falted and of the Romans) extends along the fide of dried like red herrings. The river Aar this parifli, and divides it from Cowley, runs through the whole extent of this It is fevcn miles froin Glouccller. lake, and unites it to that of Thun. Be- Brindici, an ancient and celebrated fide the Aar, the lake of Brient/, receives town of the kingdom of Naples, with an the Lutfchinen. See Lutschinen, archbifhop's fee, a fcrtrefs, and a harbour, Brikscia. See Pot.F.siA. which has been partly fpoiled by the Ve- Brieux, St. a confidcrable town of netians. It is feated on the gulf of Ve- ■prance, in the department of Fiiiifterre nice. 31 miles E. of Tarento. Lon. i^, and late province of Brittany, with a bi, 15. E. lat. 40. 45. N. r ■.» . Ihop's fee, and a good harbour. Its inha- Brink, a ftrong town of Moravia, tiitants are deemed the belt pioneers in where the affembly of the dates meet, it France It is one mile and a half from the was inverted by the Prulfians in 1742 ; but fea and so miles N. W. of Rtnnes. Lon. they were obliged to rail'e the fiege. It i;i 58 W. lat. 48. 31. N. featcd allhe confluence of the Zwitta and Briev, a "town of France, in the de- Swart, S3 miles N. of Vienna, and 27 S. tiartment of Mofelle and late province of W. of Olmutz. The cattle of Spielberg Lorraine, feated near the river Manfe, is its principal defence, and is leatcd on 30 mileiN.E. of St. Michael. an eminence. Lon. 16. 40. E. lat. 49. BaiGG. a town in Lincolnfiiirc, with 6. N, •"^ > . , . Briovdb. I. R R I T hurfdiy for cattle an<' 15 (cared on the river An- - it Olanilfuiiibriilgf. It f LiiiLuln, and i S3 N. ut o. io. W. !at. 3?. 40. N. MSTON f , a ftapoit ( f Siif- ■cct on Thurldj; . It was habited chitHy'by fillicr- ig, flit a few years paft, onablc place of rcfort, on onvcnicncc for hathini;, it d Uy many hdndfome new ngs, with public rooms, , a fine lawn, betwetn lie I'cs •'orms a beautiful xfur:. for the company. embarked for France in battle of Worcefter. This ncs called Brighton. ]t is ic packctboats, to and from B of peace, and is <;* milts and 74 N. VV. of Dieppe, It t,o. 52. N. ;s, a town of France, in <)f Var and late province im u<: for its prunes, ami moui.ains. in a plcafant ilcs S. S. K.of Paris. Lon. 3. 24. N. a town of Spain, in New general Stanhope and the Aere t;udc, and the other Church Urioude, ((ii accdimf of a tauioiH rhnptcr, wli'ile i,in"ir. were obiijird to prove their iifiliilitv beforr tiuy were admitted. Old Unitide IS <'jated on the rivir Allier, over v/hirh is a iiridge of oiu- arch, 173 feet in (lianie'er. It is 16 miles S. of llFoire, H'ld 111, S. ^y K. of Parii. Lon. 1. 50. K. lar. 4;. 16. N. BRny.'FR AS, a town of Piedmont, feat- r<\ in the valley of L'lctiii, three miles from the town of that nam'.. Luii. 7. 34. F.. I:it. 44. c;ft. N. RursACH, Otn, n town of Germany, once f lie capital of Rrilgaw. It wa» tiken tiv tile French in i63« and 'n 1-03 ; but Avas rt,'>orc(! each time to the hniiCv of An- f'rn. It is leatcd on the Rliinc, over whith i- a bridge of boats, 21; miles S. of S-r,i(1.iirtr. Lon. 7. 40. K. (at. 4.^. «. N, Hi'isAfii, Nkvv, a hand'bme foivn of France, in the depar'ment of Upper Rhi.ie iinit liite province of Alface, huilt by the Knncb, (wer-agaiii(^ Old Brilach, and fortihed bv Vaiiban. It is ab'>ur a mile from the Rhine, and 23 S. ot Siralburg. Lon. 7. io. K. lat. 48. ?. N. Fnrt Mor- ti'-r, which btlmii's to it, is feated on the Khine. BnisnAV, a rerritorv of Gerinanv, in tlu; circle of buabia, on the K. Iide of the Kline, which feparates it fmm France. One pirt hi longs to the houl'e of Auftria, of v< Inch Friburs; is the capital ;'thc other to 'he hotife of Badtn. PiRissAC, a town of Fnricc, in the department of Maine and Loire and late province of Anjoii, feared on the river Auher.cc, 13 milts S. of Angers. Lon. o. 2 7. W . lat. 47. 20. N. nmsTOl., a city and fcipnn, partiv in Gli.uccfurfhire and partly in Somerf-t- (hire; to whieh laft county it w;!s ac- counted to belong, btfire it formed a (eparaie jiirildii^tion. In wealth, trade, a'vi p'lpuiation, if has long been r«ckoned tfie iLCoiid in this kingdom; for, although the ciiltcjnihoufc receipt? for Liverpool )n'.v, Tor i'lme tiine, cxcteded thole of B'iltol, the latter may ftill claim pre-emi- «unce with relpeft to tlw opulence and numt)er of its inhabirnnts. It is featcd at the roTilocnce of the Avon with the fmalJ rivrr Frnme, about ten miles from the plai-c wncrc the Avon emnties itfelf into the Severn. The tide nfing to a great height in thf'"e narrow rivers, brings vef- fels of conlidcrabic burden to the f]inv, watch cxtcndk along the inner Ihores «f B R I flic Frjme nnd Avon ; but, at low water, thcv he kground in the mud. Hnl^oi hn It churches, befide its cathedral, and Ic- veral iiieeiii«git for prctctUnt difteiuers, aiming whom the Quaker* arc a large Ix)- dv. The rno(\ reniaikabJe church u St. Marv k^dclitf, one of the tineft in the kingdom. There is a brid^fe over the Avon, and an exchange, "f hey have ■ (irodigi JUS trailc ; f>)r it is reckoned they lend moo (liiis yearly to fcveral part* of the wond. Here are no lefs th>-n i 5 gial's- houfe', they haviiiK plenty of coal from K.ing'$-wood and Mtndip- hills ; and the lugar-rcfinery is one of its iirmcipal ro»« nmaftures. The hot well rt much re. lorted to : thev are of great purity, have obraine<( a high repuracion in the treat' inent of confump'ue cales, and are ^bout H mile from the town, im the (ide of the Avon. In St. Vincent's Roi.k, above thi« well, are found thofc native cryl^ih, fo Will known under the raiiic of Bridui rones. Ber'de this wed, there is a cclil (pring, which gudies out of a rock on ths liay Head, in lat. 58. 70. N. or, taking it oR. Bkitaiv, Nkvv, gn ifland to the north of New Guinea. By whnni thi« land whs firft difcovered is uiictitain. D.impicr firft failed throulack, and woolly- hcadid. like negroid, but have. not their flat nolci. and thick iips. Brittany. See Bri tagnb.. Hri ves-i,a-Gaii.i. AK PK, an ancient and handfomc town cf France, in the ilcpartment of Corrc/c and late province of Liniofin. It is ftated near the conflu- ence of the Correze and the Vezere, in a delightful valley ; on which account if has received the at)pellati(;n of La Gail- larde. It has a handfome hnfpital and college; and a fine wa!!:, ph.nted with trees, which t'urrounds the town, and adds to the beauty of its fituation. Sinct the y«ar 1 764, feveral manufj6)prics have been eftabliflied here ; fuch as lilk handkerchiefs in the Englifh falhion, muUins, gauzes, &c. pf various kinds. It is 37 miles S. of Limoges, and 120 S. by W, of Faris. Lon. 1. 2;. E. iat. 4?. '?• N. Brixen, a handfome town in Getmany, in the Tirol, capital of the bilhopric of Brixpn, feated at the confluence of the Rient? and Eifoch, 15 miles E. of Tirol, and 40 N. of Xrent. Lon. 11. 47. E. lat. 46. 45. N. Br IX EN, the bifhopric of a territory of Geripany, jn the Tirul. It is extremely but proiluces excellent wlne» .lie lovtrcijjn, and iu apiince monnta' The i)iili of the cir.pii... BuutN, or HuiexzKV, .i town of Geirnany, in tin Middle >larchc 1 >' Hian- dcnbuTg, tiatcil on the river AJun, is inilvt N. E. of W'itttmh^rj;. ■ II R o A I) T t .N N k .->s t F, a noble river of N. America, which riCes iri N, Carolina, und trortcs the parallel of ?^". N. lat. into the iKitc of (icri^iii, jurt hcfcrc it nallis through Cu-.nhtrland or Laurel \li nn- tains. Its •palfakc through thcfc moun- tains occafjons a rimark ible whirl. The (Irtini, which, a ftw milts above, is hdf a P'ile widi, is hue romprclltd to ilic width of about 100 yaftls. Juti aw it en- tirs the mountain, a lar^e rock |i.j. dh front the not'Iiern (hore, in an iit)li(|uc direction, which renders the bed of the river Itill nirrowcr, and caul'es a fuddcn bend: the wuttr of the rivir is thrown, confeiiuently, with great rapiiiiiy, a;;iinli the (outhern fliorc, wlmicc it ri iiound* ananid ths point of the rock, and produns the whirl, wliich i<; about So yards in cir- cunit' rtnce. C;inoebh.HVt bc.n often carried into ti,.s whirl, and eftaied UMJiurt. Near a mile btldw, the river iptcids into its common width, and, except tlic interrup- tion of fonie inuCcle flioals, linws in a beau- tiful and placid ftrcam, till it niing'^* Nvitli the Ohio j before it reaches which, it vi called the Cherokee River. '■' Bkodkra, a principal fortrcfs aiul town of Hir.dooftan Proper, in the province of Gu/erat, in the N. E. part of the tr nt Iving between the rivers Taj.tv r.nd Mv- hic. Through this place run's the gnat road, from Surat to Oui;ein. It is 9-, miles S. by W. of the former, and uij N.E. by E. of the latter. Lon. 73. 1 1. E. lal. 2 4. 15. N. Brop, or Brodt, ^ ftrong place of Hungary, on the river S.ivc. tan.ous for a battle gained by the Turks in i633. Jt is 20 miles S. E. of Pofega. Lon. 19. 2e. E. lat. 45. 20. N. Bkou Nemkki, or Tlutch-Brod, a town of Bohemia, on the river Sozawa, 10 miles S. by E. of Cjazlaw. Lon. 15, 40. E. lat. ,V9. 33. N. Bnonzitc, a town of Lithuania, on the river Bereziiia, too miles S. of poloczki. Lon. iS. 5. E. lat. 54. «.N. Broek, i» town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia and duchy of Berg ; the capital of a county of the fame name, feated on the river Roer, 1 1 miles N. of Dufleldorp. Lon. 6. 53. E, lat. 51. 23. N. Broek, in North Holland, fix miles from Amftcrdai^, one of the mod fin^ni- pij t1 k o lir.nluce.H excellent wine* ijvcrcij;n, iinil k a prince lir. lET/.r.N, a town of lul.llt Marched' H..m. till' rivir Allan, i! miles N ii .ss t F, a noble river of ii'h rift* iti N. C.>r(:n- l^c tiiroiigh thcfc nioiiii. reitiarkiijlc whirl. Tlio ttw milts above, is hilf lure foniircdtd to ilic 100 viiril'. Jui\ Hi it til- in, a lur^e n.'ck yiiy t\% trn (horc, in an tililiqne I rciulcis the 'ltd of the ivcr, ;uid cuul'ts a ruiKlon r of the rivtr is tlinxvn, iih gicut rapii^iiy, a^jiinlt ore, wliLiicc it rti)()un(l» t of the rock, anil producLj h 1', about 80 yards in cir- noib h.ivt bc'.n often cnrrietl and tfcaj'td UHluirt. Near the river i'jinids into its and, except the interrup- liclt (IkmIs, (Idws in a heaur llream, till it iiiinuli* with 'ore it readies which, it it ■okcc River. A, a principal fortrcfs ami iftan rroptr, in the proviiu« the N. K. part of tlic tr -ct the rivers Taj ty ;.nd A!v- :\ this place runs the i;nat iirat to Ou^tin. It is q; V. of tlic former, and 105 the latter. Lon. 73. 1 1. li. Brodt, a ftronj; place oF the river Save, tanious for by the Turks in i638. It . E. of Poi'ega. Lon. 19. 20. N. «EKI, or TtUTCH-BROD, icmia, on the river Sozawa, r E. of C?azlaw. Lon. 15. 33. N. , a town of Lithuania, on the I, 100 miles S. uf Poloczki. . lat. 54. 8. N. town of Germany, in the Iphalia and duchy of Berg ; a county of the fame name, river Roer, 1 1 miles N. of Lon. 6. 5vE. lat. 51. 23. N. n North Holland, fix miles laip, one of the mofl; fuij^ur B R O iwr ■ml piflurcfque villages in the world. " Ttie inluliitant' " lav Madame dc Sillery (late Countei . dc Genln) " thouj^h peafantH only, arc all rich. Th» ftrcet* arc paved in mol'i'c work, with variegated briCKi, and dil'plav tho greatcll ncatiiefs. The hoiil'ei arc paintfd on the outlidt, and arc as fre.h and hrij'ht as if quite new. Kach has a p-.Tdcn and terrace, inclofed by a low railing, that permits every thin;; to he fctti. The terrace ii in tlie front of the houfe, and from this we defcend jnii. the jrarden, which forms the fepa- r.itioii between each lioufc. Thi (tteirs, on both fii'ei, are laid out in th lame manner. The gardeni art: adorned with china vafts, yriittos of (liell-work, trees, and (lowers; with bordfs cnmpid'ed of mi- nute particies (\f jilal's, of ililfcrent colours, of a da//.liii'i; brij;hlne'"-, ant! di'.pni"; d info a variety of forms. Theu ire liki-wile other b'lrdcr formed of linall Hielh, ar, I arranged with as much (kill and care as thofe ill a muluum. Behind the houtis and i^aidens are extenfivc nieadows, full of cattle prazinj;. The outhoufes arc iikewiCe behind; fo liiat waggons, cartv and cattle, nrvcr enter thcfc neat Itreet... The doors of the houfes are paved witli Ihinlng Itoiies, in equal fqu res, commonly black and yell.iw. The principal apart- ments are wainfotcd. This wainfot ii of its natural colour, ornamented with the prettied fculjxure imaginable. In the oeft room is a lar^c butfet, with Rials folding doors, throuijh which are fcen the rnoft beautiful china, and quantities of plate pcrfeflly bright. One .would ima- {jine, from their uniformity, that the for- tunes of the rcfpeftive owners were equA In every houfe are t .•. o doors, one of w iiicli is called /'v i/oor of ceytmony, being never opened but for the event of marriage or death. The new-married couples enter at this door, and never pafs through it again but to their graves : in the interval it is conftantly kept fhi)t. They have alfo a chamber, which is never made ul'c of but on their weddinr-dav j and it is ever after confidered as a temple, in which it >vould be 3 profaijation to llcep. This .chamber is more fplendid than the others, and the bed is profufely ornamented with Jace. On a table is a pretty balket, which contains the finery worn by the bride pn her wedding-day. In a word, they never enter thisfacred retreat, but to adorn it with vafcs of flowers, or to fliow it to ftrangers. The drefs of the men is very plain, and that of the women as ftudied. rhey wear the moft beautiful. filks, the fineft linen, and many trinkets of gold and pearlc, A hood of wjiite cambric conceuls B R O their hair, fiHened on the two fliiti \^f larg.' gold pins fei with fine pearls. M.in/ lervaiif are drcfltd in this manner: fheu" mirtrtlfes excel ihcm only in hncr neck- laces, rings, and more txpcniive linen. The maiiiurj of liidc people art irre- pnKithablc: they live together in perftft harmony ; but arc very uncivil to (^ran^cn. I'hc moment they (ce I'uch arrive, tlicy fliuf iheinl'elves up, and ri.fult ty open their diH)rs; but they have a natural j^.tllantry, or, to fpeak more piopcrly, a certain rc- fpedl for women, that makes them behave very difftrently to them. They nofooncr fee tlum, than they luftcn to Ihow them evcrv niaik of politcncfs ; and nhhougi the fan Ihangers were accoinj>anicd by- men, this would not prevent their con- dutring them to the Jiotifes, and /howing them every thing. Their wives never ftirfrnm Hriiek,and ayoung woman would fr. 1 it dillicult to marry, if ihc went fa another vilLigc a fmall diflance from it, Amfterdaiii is as little known to them as London or Conftantinoplt.'. They find ilieir happincli at hoine ; Uroek i« the whole world to them ; and they prclirve, in courfe, their manners and their virtue. They marry invariably among themlclvcs. Many nobles of this country have bcendt- firous of elpoufing young women of Brock* on account of their riches ; but the over- tures of none ha\ e proved (uccefsful. The inhabitants pride thernlelvcs in their fun- jjliciiy, and in their ftateas peafants. They Icid a frugal life. To aiiorn their lioafej is the grcateft plealTirc they know : to lire in peace the only happincfs they court, llaiidlome ao the natives are tliroiii',liouc all Holland, they are particuhrly ib at Uroek. The children arc all charming; the men robull ; and the women tail, well-niade, and generally pretty, with a Airpriiins; frefimels of complexion. Jn a word, this villaj^c exhibits a very fingular piflure. Every thing in it delights the eye and heart: not one difaijreeable ob- ]et\ appears to fpoil the piece. Not only not a lint;le beggar is to be fcen, but not a perfon, moreover, who is not perfcdUy at cafe ; not a cripple, not one infirm old per- fon, nor a fingle decayed houfe. Health ; all that atHucnce can wift ; the elegance of induftry and neatnefs ; fimphciry, huma- nity, virtue, and h.ippinefs ; th.'fe are the incftimabjc advantages, tlicfe the delight- ful objitts that wc hnd at Brock ; and which, added to the firiking fingularity of their drefs, their houfes, am', their man- ners, render it altogether a very extraor- dinary place." Brokzn BATy a bay of New S. Wales, on the E. coaft of New Holland. B R O B R U It i» frrnieil bv ihr mouth of a prfit nvjr cillcJ (hr Ha^kclliury. Lon. i)i.t7.E. lat. ? X. i-r S. PROMi.r.Y, a tf)»n in Kent, with .1 nurkft (.:i Thiirfilay. Here i» « chIIcrc for iO if)')r clcr; gV'ncn'ii \» iitcivvs, i'luixlctl by Dr. V.'anui, bilSup of Ruclnltcr, in ilic rii^n of CU.irlik If, Nur ilic fnwn it the p.tl.ife of tlie hilhops of llutlitftcr, M'hi're fhire i' a ir.intrul fpi'^'t'- 1' ''• IrattH near the ri^'ir Ra^tn.ldrii, 10 iiiili.t S. S. K. uf Loiulun. I.«u. u. 6. K. lar. ;;i. «3. N. . Hkomi ky, « (iTir town in StaffDrv'- f^iire, V. iih a nwrkct an TuirUl,(v. It ■WM formerly c^hd AIuxin-IlMimlty, stud BFterNvaKls Pdj^trs-Brmulev, htini,' ^;l^■^•n tn lord I'si^et ;it the titiif ot ihf Rct'rm- atiun. )t it 1'cvtii nnlcs K. of StaiturJ. Lon. 1. 3?. W. lat. ti. «o. N. '■ Bkomlf.y, a vili:ij',c tn:ar Strrftforit- le-Ri)A, ill iVlii!(li«itK, Jt liHii once ^ nioiiifterv.the church of ^Nhichi* Ihllufcti by thf iiih.i ) lants. '' RuoMi'Tf'N, » populous vin.igf, in the piri'li of K.i-uli.'i;it>n, in Miildlcfrx. Mere ii tin- ptihlic b'itjmc\l ;.'ardtn and iiVirarv ofMr. WiilniTiC'urti's, thiauitiomf flora l^find ill cii lis and ut iicrl lot. iiiicil Will k«. " Bkomptov, a vilUuc iti Ktnr, dc- lijuhl'i.it/ fuu.i'rd on »ii -My attiiit fmni Oiuha!!), and coni^ininK the fmt i,,iriacl-.s fur the ;.tio;i.mod.iiioii ol the military uf that ^arriluii. Br is 1 ;; ipih ^ N. F. by N- uf \\orcelttr, :ind 1 1 1, N. W. of l.oiitloii. Lon, I. lO, VV. lat. 51. »;. N. BKuMY.\'»r>i 1 town of Ile'cTord'' ire, viha niaikct on Tuirfuv. Jt is is milts W. of Worcilk^r. and m W . N. W. .if Londi n. Lull. 1. io. W. lat. cj. i. N. Bkonno, a ii'wn (>f Itaty, in the diul.V of Milan, whirc the JmpcrijJi'.ts \km the Fr..iii.ii in I TO?. It is 4 milt:. S. K. ut Pdvia. Lon. o, ifi. R. l^r. 45. *i. N. ' J?KO().M, l.ocH.a );rcat lake and arm rf thf fta, in Rolsll.irc, on tlic \V. in.iH of ScDiland. It has long litt;n n(;ttd tor hcrnnj'jS f SntiurlHodliiiie. Here is a' crnl mine, wnich was latdv ivarkcd, . and thi. colli was ti lJ in tl.uinanufa<'^hire of fait. Rut this coiil cannot be Lxporttd, or carrtd to anv (iiltance, as it takes !i. 'onbcin^ cxpikicd tJ the air. The iinc- fnnf (jiiiirv, (Imwc fh's p'tr^, i( nn intp. rclMiii; luitd of (penil.ifion : the v«rictv of (hills c"nti!:m:d in tlic hi art of ilie i*oiir n €1)11 il'v riirpri''in( and Ix'^iiriful. Brora i» 40 mile* N. by T. of Invirneii*. • ItKONA, 1^ river of S-oiUrid, in SiithiM-lindlliir:, which ilJiies hom ^i l)(,,ii|. tiful lake of tlu lame name. AUivr Hro- ra, it foini.> (cver«l I'mt r^lradc. ; and lie- low iliit vi|l.ij;e, it fall' into rlie lli'iti;H Ocean. Manv precipices on tin. bankn of this river art full of ilull., d-> in the liiiie- flont i|ii.irrv nr«r ir. DKiii'Ar.F, :* town o'' Fr:incc, in flie doparnnciit of Lower Cli.iitntt and l.tic jiroviMce of Samtonuc. Tot (di-woiks licrc are tbe linel> in the kinpl'm, and the f.ilt is c.illi-d Jiav-falt, liecaule it Irs on a bav of the In. Iti'. 17 mlci S. ot ko- cliellt, and 170 S. V. of I'^rii. Lon. 1. 4. \V. lat. 4<.. s». N. Broi'krmi AVtN, a iVaport rf the l/'iiitcd I'rovincis, in Zt:ilan(l, and in tlic ilUud of Sth.-ncn, nine inilts S. \V, of lltivoetlluyi. i^on. 4. i;. h. U'.. ^i 40. N. Hkouck, a town of S-viiicrland, in Ari{ow, of whl<"h ii is tin. third free city Ic i» katid on ilie river Aar, tiwr whiclt ^ a handi'inie biiilpc. Tiitieis likewil't a ('■lljp^i., vMtli a iinblic iibraiy. It is la niilt!> S. K. uf l>afil. Lun. 8. 4. F.. lat. 47. ? i. N. tiuoit A, a town of Sicily, on the S. fide of tbe gulf.. lat. 41). 1 1, N. JiKlK'K.or liM'titi. .Sif Br-, therefore, is not poptilou-. now in propiMtion to it« fX'ent ; aiid it policfils nothing to aitraft aitciuion but loint fine churchts and rich iiioiiaiinifs. Its truation, hos\ ever, (till tuuiinands tome trade ; for it has canal, to (.jbein, Oltend, bliiv», Nieuport. Fumes, Y^.r. >, an I Donkirk, Here the order of tilt CtilLcn Fieece was inUicutsd in 14^0. Bruges m u |thi» p'tri., h nn intp. kriil.itii>n : r|ic viriulv m tlic liiurt of ilie fnril'iit! i4n in (lie lime- iwn n*" France, in the Ivcr Clwii-iitt anil Lite I'liuf. Tilt I iK-woiki • in flic ki'ii'l'im, and V -(alt, liicaiilc it Iil'< on I' I, 17 m;lL'4 S. (it ki>. \' . of l'ari4. Lun. 1. N. N, s (Vaport rf the ill Zcilniu!, and 111 tiic nine unUii S. W. of . 4. ii(. K. Irtt. SI 40. N. Avii (if S'viiicrland, in It is tile third frtf lity river Aar, owr \vliic!\ Ipc. Tlieicis lil'.cwilc 1 iiiLilic iibraiy. It is >* alil. I,un. 8. 4. F.. lut. liwn of Sicily, iin the S. of C.iuiiia ; I ^ milts S. IS. JO. K. I.it. ?7- »t. N. 1 town of (teriii.4iiv, in »(iirt ; fciUtd "11 tilt river S. E. ot I'liilijiihurg. t. 4-). II. N. hl'tiC. Si i; Br'M'ck. Vt e(>iriM|)ii| city of An- It was torintrly tlit Kn- wijol, and lie rtntrc of Lf\\(.cn lilt F.iimlMrch md rdianrs. HmIilt 'lit I,om- 1. (Jiinliii'ts Of Indict, ;ind i nl ItHlv, and cxcii;iiH'til iiiinoilitici, of tl^c nonli ; at (hit }H.'i'id, whs flic iiiWd ill )'",nr.,J)L- ; Hlul I nation had ii coniiil here, ctnmry, »hr civil war., c tyranny of J'liilip II. firlt to Aniwt-rp, -md ;laui. Bruges, tl'trcforf, now in prciportion to its ilicfits nothing to altrai'l It fine chiirclas ami rii li iVuation, ho\\ tvir, liill Tadt ; for it has canal, tti JliiVi, Nicuport, Furnts, ^irk. Here the order i.f c was iulUtuted in i4;;o. Bruits % tight £ ut. B R U firu«;ct h** been fever*! timet taken and Ittakrn «lnrin)( the iniliiiry c>>nttlt4 in the NttlierUiuU ; the l«ft tiiiit, by the Frrnili in 1791, whc, huwtvtr, were compclltJ tocvHCtiaie it in M^rth i7> I' '* *^iil nnlvn y., of GiUnJ. Lou. j. 5. 51 11. N. BRtoi.t, or Brlgrfm, a town of Gernunv, in iliv circle of L(i\ytr Siixony and bilhopric of Hildclheim, fix iniltH irom thf city of thii name. Lun. 10. 5. R. lat. 1,1. 6, N. Hill'iiN K |n, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the tcriitorv of Genoa, at the foot of the Appenninti, ); miick S. E. uf (Jtnou. Lon. q. \c. I'., lat. 44. 15. N. BuuNk. I 1 u, a llronjj mid importint place in Piedmont, near bufa, which it defends. BRi;N«EUTTi,E,a fcaport of Ocrmnnv, in the cirilc of Lower Sixony, and duchy of MollU'in, ftattd at the nioii'h of the Elbe, I) milts N. VV. of Olurkltadt. Lon. q, :. R. bt. 54. 1. N. Biii-Nswu'K, a larj^c and ftrong town of Cftrinanv, in the circle of Lower Sax- ony and duthv of Brunfwick. It wa> tormcrly an Imperial and Hinlcatic town, till it wai. taken by the duke i>f Brunf- wick VVoh'jnbuttlc in 1671, who built a citadel to keep It in awe. In the fcjuare before the cattle is a famous Aone (laiuc, with a liun miHtc of block-tin, done after the life. Here i» iilfo a rich ninnalttry of St. Blailc. whole prior is a p.'.icc of the houfc of Bevern. This town is fmnous for the well-kro^vn liquor called Mum, \vhich h.u hence the name of BninlwKk Mum. It is (c-.ttd on the river Ocker, si; miics W. of Maj^deburg. Lon. 10.41. t. lat. 52. 2^. N. B«.UN!iWirK, a country of Germany, in the c.rcle of Lov\tr Saxony, bounded on the N. by ihe duchy if Lunenburg, on the VV. by'thc circle of "vVertphajia, on tht S. by HelTe. and the '.trritcrv of Piech- field, and on the K. by Th;:'fi_t'ia, -.viih the principalitic.i of Anhult nnd Ualhcr- {\,id'., and the duchv of Ma^'duliurir. The rivers are the VVeler, the Ocktr, and the Lync, and it ii, fertile both in corn and paf. tares. It is divided into four diichits and two countieii. The duchies of Brunfwiik Proper and of Brunfwiak Wulrenbuttlc, ^vith the counties of Rhcinftcin and Bianc keiiberp, are ful)je£l to the duke of Brunf- wick Wolfenhuttle ; wtiile the eltdtor of Hanover is duke of Brunfwick Grubcn. ha^cn and Brunfwick, Calcnbtrp, which allu includes the duchy of Goitingcn. '•■ BRUNSWICK, a town of Gcor^iia, in N. America, where the Turtle I'.ivtr en- ters St. Simon's Sound. It ios a Uic B R U hirboiir, capuble of contisininf 3 numemut Hcet of nun 'jj;uUrly laid out, bill not yet tompleic'^. From its advan- tat(>''o!it fiiiiation, and ti'C fertility of the bick country, it protnile to be hvrtafttr one of the firft iraini.if 1 'wnt in Gfor|;u. It is 70 nnltK R. W. by W, of Savannah. Lon. Hi. p. W. lat. J I. to. N. • Buu'Ns^vicK, a '■If; i.f New Jcrfejr, in N. Ait>eri>a, ineorp >rared n 17H4. It it liiuated on the S. vV . dank of K.irit.in River, 11 miles above P^rth Amboy. Its tifu.itivn, a'ld form* u 'tniporary dam, whitli makes the water rife nniiy feet above its uliial hci;;ht, r.nd ovtrHow the jjround lloorn of tlif iiouUt that arc not guarded againlV thi< inronve« nitiice by tlevated foundations. The in., habitants are beginning tu build on itie picafunt hill above the town. They have a coiilideniblo inland trade, itnd nianjr fniall vcfTel. belongin)( to the port. Here is a llourilliing college, called Quten's College, Lon. 7<. o. \V. lat. 40. 20. N. Bki'nsw icK.NhW.inN. America, la i7i)4, Nova Scotia was divided inti tsv» provinces. The province now (lyled New Brunfwkk, is boundtdon the W. uf the n- vtrSr. Crcix, by the laid river ti> iis fourre, and by a line draun due N. tKencc to the S. boundary of Canada ; to the N. by the fanic loundarv »■> laras tlie VV. extre- mity of tie hay of Chaleurs ; to flic R. by the laid bay to ihe gulf of St. Lawrence to the bay called Bay V'trte ; to the S. by a line in the centre of tic bay of Fundy, from the river Sr. C'^ix to the mouiiiofthe Mufquat rivtr, by the faid river to its fourct, and thtncc by a due 1'-. line acrofs the ilHirjus into ihe Bay V trte toji.in the E. lot ai-ove delcribtti, iiicludinj; all iilands w ithin fix Icaijucs cif the c^alt. Since the conclulion of the American war, the tmij^iailun of iovaldif to this province, from tiic United States, has been vtry ^reat. BKLbSEr.s, the capital of Bfabant, and the leat of the jjovcrnor of the /'.uilrian Low Countries. Like all the towns in tiie Ntthtrlands, it abounds with fine churches and mon.ifierits ; ot tht fi rmer, that dedicatid to St. Giiduie, is ti.e larg. tit. The principal ft^uares a'C the GraiiJ Market Place, in which is the n.ible an- cient townlKiure on ont (idt, and an old Oru^ure, called the K.\ng» Hcule, on tl e other I B U C B U C ether ; the Place ^c Snhlon, in which h a fountain creftcd by Thomas fccond cr.rl of Aileury, who icfided here 43 ytars in a kind ot exile ; the Hace ilc St. Mi- chel, a new fquarc, ni;ar the Optra Houfc ; the Place Royale, another new fqiiare, (with a new cliurch on one fidt) built on the fitc of an old roval palace ih;it \sms de- ftroycd by fire ; the P.iiK, anotlitr new and very cxteiifivt I'cjiiarc, on one fide of which is a magnificent building for the fovereipn council of Brabant, r.ivi the area is formed into beautiful public walks, tvitha Vauxhall, S;C. There arc many pub- lic fountains in the city, from fomc of which the water flows in a very whim- fical m:inner. Here is an acjdcniy of belles-lettres, and an opcra-houfc afitr the Italia,) manner. There is a kind of runncry here, called the Bccuinsgc, which is like a little town, having fon:c flreet^, and beinj^ furroundid by a wall and a ditch. Tlic women educated here are allowed to Ic^ive it when they choofc to mnrry. BftilTcIs is cclcbra;(d for its fine lace, camlet"!, and t^'pt.ftry. It was bombarded by marlhal Villcroy in i6()!;, bv which 4000 houfcswert deftroytd. It was taken by the French in 1746, but re- fiored at the (ubfequent peace. It was again taken by ilitm in 1791 ; but the Auftrians compelled thtm to evacuate it Jn March 1793. It is icatcd partly on an eminence, and partly m a fertile plain, en the little river Scone, li miles S. r.( Antwerp, i6 S. E. of Ghent, and 148 N. by E. or Paris.' Lon. 4. j3. E. lat. 50. 5"i.N. Bki'TON, a town of Somcrfciniirc, with a market on Saturday. It is fcati.d on the river Brew, and is a well-built and well- inhabited town, with a handibmc church, a freefchool, and an alms houfc. It has manufai^ures in fergcs and ftock- jngs. It is II miles S. E. of Wells, and 109 W. of London. Lon. j. 38. W. lat, 51. 7- N- ■ Bruvif.rs, a town of France, in the department of the ^''ofgi's and late pro- vince of Lorrain, 11 miles S. by E. from Luneville. Lon. 6. 50. E. lat. 43. 18. N. Bry ASS- BRIDGE, a towii of Ireland, in the countv of Clare, fcatcd on the river Shannon, eiglit miles N. of Limerick. Lon. 8. 34. W. lat. 51. ^p. N. BuA, an idaTid of the j^ulf of Venice, on the coart of Dalmatia, near the town of Trau, called likcwife the Partridge Ifland, becaul'e frequented by thofe birds. BuARCOs, a town of Portugal, in the province of Bcira, 47 miles S. of Avcira, J,on. 8. 30. \V. lat. 40. 13. N. BucHAN, adiftriftof Aheidecnlhire in Scotland, containing the N. F,. part of that county, from the fca to the river Ytluii on tlie S. Blthanncss, a promontory, the moll eallern of all Scotland. It U fitu- atcil in the dittrii". of Ihichan, in lon. 1. z'k VV. lat. t7. 18. N. B:twtc;i t>:- pro- .'.inntory and the town of P,;rerhcad iv the j/incc called i\m: BiiUns or !va[, almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1667, and is 30 miles S. E. of Ragufa. Lon. iS. 58. E. lat. 42. JO. N. . BuuRio, a to\n of Italy, in the Bo- lognefe, whofe adjacent fields produce large quantities of fine hemp. It is eight inilts E. of Bologna. Lon. 11. 37. E.Tat. 44- 3<»' N. BuDWEii, a town of Bohemia, taken B U L llvcral times in the war of 1-41. It ic 70 miles S. of Prague, and 85 N. W. of Vienni. Lon. 14. 52. E. lat. 48. <;;. N. BuEK Rk riKO, a palace of the king of Spam, on the E. fide of Madrid : it'is a perfeft fquarc, and at each anjjlc is a pavi- lion. It is generally the rcfulence o\ the king in the Cpiiiig, and part of the fum- mer. BvEvos Aykes, or Cividad db LA Tui.siD.iu, a confidcrable feaport of La Plat^, on the E. coaft of S. America, with a bilhop's fee. It is well fortified • and hither is brouj^ht a great part of the tre.iliircs and merchandile of Peru and Chili, which arc exported to Spain. It was founded by Mendola in 1535, but af- terward abandoned. In 1544, another co- lony of the Spaniards came here, who left it alfo; but it was rebuilt in 1582, and is at prefcnt inhabited by Spaniards and the native Americans. It is fcated on the Plata, :;o miles from the fea, though the river there is 21 miles in breadth. Lon 58. 26. W. lat. 34. 3;.S. BuciA, a populous feaport of Africa, ia tiie kingdom of Algiers, at the mouth of the river Major, on a bay of the Mediter- ranean. It has a ftrong caftle, which, however, was not able to defend the iliip- jiing againft fir Edward Spragge, who deftroyed levcral Algerine men of war luider its walls in 1671. It is 75 miles E. of Algiers. Lon. 3. 58. E. lat. 3'6. 49. N. Bug It, a feaport in Egypt, on the W, coaft of the Red Sea. The'poit belongs to Mecca, and i:> 1 10 miles to the W. of it. Lnn. 3:-). 40. E. lat. 22. 15. N. Blu,th, or Bkalt, a finall town of Brecknocklhirc, featcd on the river Wye, over which is a bridge into Radnorlhirc. It lias two markets, on Monday and Sa- turday ; and is 12 miles N. of Brecknock, and 171 \V. by N. of London. Lon. i. I4.W. lat. <;2. 8. N. Uuis, Le, a town of France, in the department of Drome and late province of Dauphiny, 40 miles S. W. of Gap. BuKAKi, a fmall well-built town of Huagarian Dalmatia, witli a harbour, oa the gulf of Bikeriza, near the gulf of Venice, ten miles N. E. of Vcglio. Lon. 14. no. E. lat. 45. 29. N. ' Bui. AC. a town of Egyyt, on th« E. fiioie of the Nile, two miles VV. of Grand Cairo, being the feaport ofthat city. On the N. fide of it is the Califch, whofe banks are cut every year, lO convey the waters of the Nile, by a canal, to Grand Cairo. Lon. 31. 22. E. lat. ^o. ». N. Bui-AM, an ifland of Africa, at the mcuth of the river Gambia. The foil is £ood ; and, a> it is uninhabited, an at. tempt J ■H«*«i ' » "11.' jm "J ,jyi ^*i m \j w.«ne«« 1 BUN teiTipt hw been made by the Enjjlifh to fertle a colony of free blacks upon it. This enterpriCt has been .ittendcd with difficul- ties, which, it was thought, would hf, fatal to the adventurers ; nor do they ap- {Tcar, at prcfcnt, to have furmounted ihfiTi. Bulgaria, a province of Turkev in Europe, bounded ou the N. by W.ilachii, cm the E. by th<- Bla^'k Sea, oti the S. by Uoinania aitd Macedonia, and on the W. by Servia. Bui.NF.ss, a village in Cumberland, at the end of the Pi£ls wall, on the Solway prith, whence Antoninus began his Itine- rary, and svhenco the people fay a paved caufevvay ran formerly along the fljore to Hlinhorough, of which, though few tokens ani>ear, yet tracks of ftreets, j)ieces of old walls, and Roman coins, are often dil'co- vered in ploughing the fields. * BuvDEi.A, or BuyoEM'u.VD, a ter- ritory of Hind loftan Proper, on the S. W. of the river Jumnn, and feparatcd from it bv a narrow traft of low country. ]t is inhabited by a tribe of Rajpoots, and is I'urrounded by the dominions of Oude, Be- imrcs, and the Mahrattas. It was for- iscrlv fubjefV to a rajah of the name of Hindooput, but is now eciually divided among liis fons, or their deicendants. It is a mountainous traft, of more than too miles tquare, and contains the celebrated diamond mines of Panna, or Puma, with I'cmc ttrong fortrcflcs. Chatterpour, which ii» reckoned the capital, lies in the parallel BuNG.W. a town in Suffolk, with a market on Thurfdjy. It is fixated on the river Wavenev, which feparatcs it from Norfolk. It lias two churciics ; and in the midft of the town arc the ruins of a famous nunnerv. Here are likewife the remains of a cafile, fuppofcd to be built by kiinr John. Many years ago. almoil every houie was burnt to the ground, and the records beloneing to the caftlc and con- vent WLreconfumed. It is now, however, a good trading town ; an-' the women arc •mp'ioyed in knitting worttcd ftockings. It is ?6 miles N. by E. of Ipfwich, and 107 N. -E. of London. Lon. i. 30. E. Lit. ci. ^5. N. Bl'Nco, a kingdom cf Japan, in the ifland of Ximo, whofe capital is Lunay. The king of this country w ■! converted to Chriftianity, and fent an cuibafly to pope Grejviry, in 168-? ; but thL-rc is, not now one Chriftian in all Japan. BuNiVA, a iiiountaui. of Greece, be- tween Janna and Achaia, extending as far as the gulf of Zeiton. The ancient n4Uie \Vu> CLii ; and it is faaioiw for the BUR narrow pafs of Thermopylje (To calVd from the hot baths in the neighbourhood) where Leouidas, and his gallant 300 Spar- tans, refitted, for three days, the whole PerfiAn army. This is the place, feigni-d by the Ancients to be the fctnc of thj dcTth of Hercules. BuNTiNGFOKD.a town ofHert-;, with a market on Monday. It is levcn miles S. of Roylton, and 31 N. by E. of Lon- don. Lon. c. 'j. E. lat. ; i. s8. N. BlTRAGRAG, a river of Barharv, in tl.c kingdom of Fez, which falls into the At- lantic Ocean, at the town of S.iUco. BuRRKi., or CrviTA Burrkt.i.a, a town in the kingdom of N; on th« top, and an extcnfive pro- fpeft. * Burgii-upon'-Sands, a village of Cumberland, near Solway Frith, where the viftorious Edward the Firft died, in 1307, a be was preparing for an txpedi- W. lat. 51. All bul II a I ^' ihJ c[ on! m ill U R rhermopylJJ (fo cal'td in the neighUmrhood) nd his gallant 300 Spar- three days, the whnlc 'his is the place, feigned to he the Iccnc ut tho ;),a town ofHert";, with nday. It is levcn niiks id 31 N. by E. of Lon- ;. lat. ;i. s3.N. . river of Barbary, in the which falls into the At- he town of Sallcc. CiviTA BuRRi:i.i.A, a dom of N;'pli;s, near tlie 3 miks S. of Lanciano. at. 4.!. <;8.N. wii of the United Pro- Icrland, which gives the Buren to the prince of ;; milts W.of Niintijucn. t. 51. sS.N. vn of Germany, in the bi- •born, felted on the river 5. of I'adcrborn. Lon. 8. 6. N. town of Oxfordfhire, with turdav- It is feattd on an river' Wind ru(b, and is a , chiefly noted for the dies. The do.vns near it lorferaces. It is 71 miles 1. Lon. I. 3,. W. Ut. 51. vn of Lincolnniire, with a urfdav, It is 'i "^'''-""^ N- u, and 133 N. of Loudou. lat. 53. ii.N. wn of the Dutch Ncthcr- icp.,reatcdon the Old YfTcl, ' Nimeguen. Lon. 0. 15. N. I town and caftte of Ger- circle of Suabia, capital of a ' the fame name. Tt be- loufe of Aiiftria, and is a6 \ug(barg. Lon. 10. 2$- E. F, a large handTome town of n the canton of Bern, with a featcd on an eminence, ei^ht •Born. Lon. 7- »9- E- "t- ERE, a village of ll.imp- on the W. of King's-Clere, a hill, which has a military top, and an extcnfive pro- -UPON'-Sands, a village of near Solway Frith, where s Edward the Fir ft died, in ,vas preparing for »" txpedi- liott BUR BUR rion acainft ScoiUnd W. of Cariiiit. BuKUos, H rich town of Spain, the ca- pital of Old Caltilt, and .m archbilhup's Ice. The fquarcs, public biiildii>y,>, and fountains, ait liiif, and the uaiks ngrce- able. It is liatc'd partly on a mountain, nnd partly on the river Arauzon, y; inilts K. by S. of Leon, and 117 N. ^th, md ' ^ in breadth; and is now formed intj the thiet departrntnis of Cote d'Or. Saone and Loire, and Yonr.e. ■ IluitHANiouit, a city of Hindooftan, in the Deccan, the cipital of Candtilli, and, at one period, of the Deccan alio, It is dill a lluiin(liins( city, fituated in the inidit of a deli^iltfui country, 22, miles E. by N. of Surut. Lon. 76. ly. E. lat. zi. 2;. N. JUiKicK, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Cleves. lea'ed on the Rbme, op. pofitc VVetel, 17 miles S. E. of Cleves. Lon. 6. 18. E. lat. 51. 32. N o. 4>!. E. itt. t;^. 4. N. ' Bl'u.mi AM, a hilling town of Effcr, at the mouth of the liver Crouch, which is here callid Burnham Water. The Walfltet and Burnham oyllers are the pri^ciudeif the creeks and pits of this river. Burnham is 40 miles E. by N. of London. BnuNi. KY, a town of Lancaihire, witii a market on Monday. It is 31; inilrs S. E. i>t Lancalter, and 20S N. N. W. of, London. Lon. z. i;. W. lat. 53. 46. N. Buu.STIsl. AN'l>, a borough of Scot- land, on the fritlj of Forth, in FifeQjire. It has an e.icellenr harbour, in form of a batin, where fliips lominiines perform quarantine, it has a f.ii^ar-houle, and fome beginning manufarturcs. Near thu BURK H ADSK.v, a town of Germany, in place, are found ftonts that appear to iiave Lower Bavaria, on the river Saliz, 27 miles N. by W. of baltzburg. Lon. 12. 50. K. lat. 40. ,i7.N. Bl'RIINGTOS. See Bridt.ingtos!. BuK i.iNGTON, a town of New Jerfey, in N. Americ.i, feated on the Delaware, which is here a mile broad, and, under been thrown out by a vuiciino. Jt u feated under a Ihipendous rock, ten milos N. VV. ui Edinourgh. Lon. 3. «;. W. lat. c6. 8. N. * BuRRAMi'OOTKR, a liver of Afia, which riles near the head of t!ie Ganges, in tiie vaft mountains of Thibet Of thcfc f rlter of Mittinnicup.k and Burlington t^^'o rivers it is remarkable, that, iiruing Ifl lids, affords a fafe uiid convenient har- from oppofitc fides of the laiiie ridj.'e of hour. There are two places of worfhip ; niountains, they dire£t ihcircouric toward tme for the Qj_iakers (the mod numer- oppofue quarters, till they are more than ous) the other for the Epilcopalians. The iioo miles afunder j .meetin|f in one point other public ftnirtures are two market- near the fca, after each has performed «i .. ' ■ , . I , n 1 • ...; i:„,. '•■oufes, acourt-houre, and the beft gaol in the rtate, Ir is a free port ; and the mayor, recwder, and aldermen hold a commercial court, when the matter in controverfy is between foreigners and fo- reigners, or foreigners and citizens. It is winding courfc of more than loco n iks. From its fource, the Burrampootcr pro- ceeds eafterly through Thibet, where- it i* named Sanpoo, or Zancin ; that is, :!:t Krjcr. After walliing the border of the territory of Lafia, it takes a fouth-calterljf coiirl'c, and approaches within 120 iii'lcs of Yunan, the vefternnioif jirovincr of China. It then turns luddenlv to the W. and prnceedin^r through Allam. ^'umeii 17 miles N. of Philadelphia. Lon. 75. 10. W. lat. 40. 17. N. *■ Blkmvh, an extenfive kingdom of Afia, 10 ihe E. of the Ganges jfoinettmes, bii' erroneoufly, called Ava, from the the name of Burrampooter. It »mcr« tiamc of its capital. It is bounded by Pi- Bengal on the N. E. makes a cirtuit round };ii on the S. and occupies both fides of the weftern point of the Garrow Mouii. the river Ava, as far as the frontiers of tains, and then, ?ltering its courfc to S. China. On the W. it has Aracan ; and, meets the Ganges about 40 miles from itic on the E. Upper ^<'m. This country, fca. During a courCe of 400 miles througli which is very litde known to European's, Beirj;al, this river bears lo intimare !v re- priKluces fome of the beft teck timber in femblance to the Ganges, except in one India. Ships built oi teck, • upward of par.ie.^ki-, ilut the f.lOiOOO iurr.i» 1^^^ r rirppks None ssfSSts finer, 'and better P<=°P'^J'^;';,t ^ The J-«. ^■^Trrrf;om Gra?,ada in Spain, Ird'fS gS sSk to this day. Bur. fal&'csS.o?Conftatuinople. Lon. »9. 5.E.lat.39."-^- ^ ,„„.„ of confifts chtefly o o„J lo^^S «; ' .„ .^c ruris fr<»«J;'J f '^ "'ood market'for corn bridge i ana has. a l.oo ^^^^^^ ^^^ und P^"^'^'""^.?"^" great q«antities ?;S a" fel dUn Jhf river% Hull, ^[jSorudtoothe^artsot,^^^^^^^^ ,.Uh a market on Monday h .s f-cd Unco^^r . ^'^hy-V-^ ^-^-• ^^iVo's^Itown^^fWe^-rland ^yith f . r.^ Tuefdav. It s feated in a taUet-arah'ircSre^dEarleton-K^^^^^^ r. m^.UN- of Lancafter, ^"e old market crofs ; a freefchc«U &.. The market is large for com. fift, and fowl. The aifi/es for the county are held here. iVi: 14 miles E. of Newmarket a„d 7. N. N. E. of London. Lon.o.46-i"iat.5»- "fiilsSARAH, or BassoRA, a feaport of T 'rkey in Afia, in irac Arabia, 40 mile, N W of^the gulf of Perfia. It ftands on The^ver Euphrates, which comes dole up to he walls There is a canal from the F,n hrates which runs from one end of Sty o the other, ^nd divides umto two Darts • and over it is a bridge of boats. TheCcumference is very large ; but a ^rcat number of date-trees are planted wS he walls. The houfes are con- ftruaed of bricks burnt m the fnn, and CoooftheiWnts;b«t>twasa. xirtth^vrti^^^^^^^^ The tSs The tr.de here is not fo confi- talk as it wasfou.erly. l^^^^^^ byE.of Bagdad. Lon. 44- S- E-^ t. . . .6.1. lU T of L:\ncafhire, svith a tday. It ftands on the )ttd for its I'udian ma- le coarrc goods, called erftys. Roman coins p here. A melancholy at this (uliice, July 5, lof the theatre, hy wV.ich |r!mis were buried in the icJ unhurt ; others were uifcd. Bury is 36 miles •, and 190 N.N. W. of 14. W. lat. 53. 36. N. Iumund's, a handfome with a market on Wed- liday. The fituation is lant, and the air is fup- beft in England ; for is frequented by genteel fdrmerly of great note for be the iinell and richeft and ; and its noble ruins near the two churches, argc, and feated in ona , 1 St. Mary's, lies Mary, cc, wlio was married to n duke of Suffolk. Bur^ bers to parliament, and is recorder, 11 aldermen, and unci!. The town took its Edmund the king, who was :r being murdered in a wood. :nt guildhall ; anew feflions re, built in 17S0, on the fitc let crofs ; a freefchooU &t. arge for corn, fift», and fowl, r the county are held here. E. of Newmarket, and 7* ,ondon. Lon.o. 46.S.lat.5». , or Bassora, a feaport ^fia, in irac Arabia, 4omile» gulf of Perfia. It ftands on arates, which comes dole up There is s canal from the hich runs from one end of ; other, and divides it into d over it is a bridge of boats- rrence is very large ; but lt of date-trees are planted alls. The houfes are con- ricks burnt in the fun, and iican aCpeft. Here are many ive by brokerage and^ex- icy i but they are kept ver/ 691, the plague deftroyed inhabitants ; but it was af- ,cd by the wild Arabs, who lught under the fubjcftion of riie tr.:de here is not fo confi- ■asfoimerly. Itis 140 miles S. d.Lon. 44. 51. E. lat. ig. t6.N. tE, a couuty of Scotland, confift* I.oioya, 30 miles Lon. 3. 5. \V. N. ,ar. — ^ u X. "-—-••- confiftingof the iflands nf Bute, Arran, and Inchmarnoc, which lie in the fritb of Clyde, to the S. of Argylelhire. They are fertile in corn Tnd palturcj, and there is a confiderable herring lilhcry. This iliirc lends a member to p.irliamcnt alter- nately with Caithnefs, though that coun- ty lies at the diilance of' above 150 miles to the N. E. BuTRAGO, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, formerly a bilhops fee. It is feated on tlu" river by E. of Madrid, 40. 46. N. BuTuiN'TO, 3 feaport and cpifcopal town of Turkey in Europe, in Aloania, (jii the canal of Corfu, and at tl'n entrance of the gulf of Venice, 30 miles if Chimira. Lon. 20. 9. E. lat. 39, 49. N. *■ BUTTERMERE-WATER, a iakc of Cumberland, about 8 miles S. W. of Kefwick. It is two miles long, f.ad not quite one broad. On the \V. fide it is terminated by a mountain, Valleil, from its ferruginous colour, the Red Pike. A ftrip of cultivated j^rouiul adorns the E. Ihore. A group of houfes, called Gatcl- garth, is feated on the S. extremity, under a very extraordinary amphitheatre of rocuntainous rocks. Here Honifter Crag is feen riling to a vaft height, Hanked hy two conical mountains, Fleetwith on the E. and Scarf on the W. fide. A hun- dred mountain torrents form never-fail- ing sataratts that thunder and foam down the centre of the rock, and form the lake below. , Here the rocky fcenes and moun- tain landlcapcs are divcrfified and con- traded with all that can aggrandize the objett in the moll fublime ftyle. This lake is called the Upper Lake ; and, near a mile from it, to the N. E. is the Lower Lake, called alio Cromack Water. The river Cocker flows through both thefe lakes to Cockermouth. Button's Bay, the N. part ofHud- fon's Bav, through which attempts have been made to difcovcr a N. W. palfagc to China. It is fo called from fir Thomnr. Button, who hers loll his (!iip, and came back in a floop built in the country. It lies between 60° and 66* N. lat. BuTXAW, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and bifiinpric of Schwerin, 17 miles S. W. of Roltock. Lon. n. 5^;. E. lat. i;4r. o. N. Buxton, in Derbylhire.oneof the won- ders of the Peak, having 9 wells that rife near the fourcc of the river Wye. Their waters were noted in the time of the Ro- mans. Thev are hot an ', fulphureous, but palatable ; they create an appetite, and open •bftruition* ; and, if bathed in, give re- lief in fcorhutic rhcumatifms, nervous cafes, &c. The building fur the baiii wd« ercftcd by George carl of Sluewlbury, and here M iry (juccn of Scots was for ibmo time. The duke of Dcvonlhire has trcCled here a beautiful building in the form of a crcl'cent, under which are piai zas and Ihnps. Much compnny rel'ort to this pLicc in the luinmcr. The adjacent country is open and htilthy, and nas a variety of fine views. Buxton is 31 miles N. W. of Derby, and 160 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 52. VV. lat. 53. 22. N. Bl'ZBACH, a town (jf Germany, in Weteravia, and in the unty of Sohnci, 29 miles N. by E. of Francfort. Loa. 8. 44. E. lar. 50. 23, N. Bychow, a town of Poland, in Lithua- nia, on the river Dnieper, iS^o miles S. VV. of Wilna. Lon. 30. e. E. lat. 53. 3>!. N. ' Byron's Isi.avd, an ifland in th«s S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by commodore Byron in 176;. It's low, tull of wood, and very populous. On his approach to tlic ifland, fevcral cs^ioes put off to the Ihip. After gazing at it fomc rime, one uf thein I'uddenlv fprung cut of his canoe, into the fe.i, fuam to the (hip, ran up the fide like a cat, and fitting down, when he git on deck, burit into a violent fit of laughter ; then darting up, he ran all over the ihip, attempiing to fteal whatever he could lav his hands upon, but being quite naked, he was always foiled. The fea- men put a jacket and trowl'ers on him, which c.Tufed great divcrfion, as he dif« played all the antics of a monkev; at krt, he leaped overboard in this drefs, and fwam to his canoe. His furcefs led fcve- ral others to fwim to the fhip, and what- ever they could feize they carried off with aftouifhing agility. Thtfe people are tall, well proportioned, and clean ; their fea- tures good, and their countenance expref- five of a lurprifing mixture of i-itrepidity and cheerfiilnefs. Lon. 173. 46. E. lat. I. 18. S. Byzantium. Sec Con'sta.s'tin'o. PLE. a I 1 'I ; 3' CAAN.^, a handfome town of Egypt, on the river Nile, wli^ncc they tranlport corn and pulfe to Mcet:i. Some ' fine monuments, covered with hierogly. i phical charafters, have been found liere. i It is 320 miles S. of Cairo. Lun. jo. 23. \ E. lat. 16. 30. N. "' I Cabeca-de-Vide, a fmall town of Portugal, in Alcntejo, with a Itrong calllc, H la aiilij. U A C CAD II mile"! 5. \V. of P, rtalcgro. Lon. 6. Cacerfs-bf-Camarinha, i tovfli 4?. W. lat. 39. ID. N. of Afia, in the i(lo of Luconia, with a bi. CAJitNDA.a fcaport of Con(?oin Afri- fliop's fee, ftibjcrt to Spain. Lon.' 114. ra, 100 iTiikb S. K. of Loanijo, fubjetl to o. K. [at. 14. 3 1;. N. rtinu.;al. Lon. i:. 2. K. lat. 4. <• S. Cachan, or CaihaWi a confillcrable Cai!i:s, orGABKS, h town of Africn, town of Pcrfia, in Irac Aijcmi, where in the kingdom of Tiini-, on a river near they carry on a coHfidcrablc tr;ldc in filks, the gulf of the fcime name. Lon. 10. 55. filver and jroid brocades, and iinc earthen E. lat. 33.40. N. ware. There are a great number of Cabklkia, a fmall idam' in the Me- CiinlHuns, and Gucbrcs, or worlhipers of ditcrrancan, about fevcn miles to the S. fire, iij this place. It is fcated in a vail of Majorca. It has a large harbour, de- plain, 5^ miles N. by VV. of Ifpahan. Lon. fended by a calUe. 51. t;^ H- lat. 33. 20.- N. ■ C iiuL, a province of IlindoolHn Caciiao, a town of Afia, capital of a province of the fame mime, in the king- dom of Toncjuin, about So miles from the gulf of Tonquin in the Eaftern Octan, and on the weft fule of the river Huti. It contains about 20,000 houfes, whofe wall* Proper, bounded on the W. by Pcrli.i, nn the N. by the Hindoo-l.o, on the I", by Ca. mere, and on the S. bv Can lahar. It is a country highly divcr'itied ; confift- ing of nuuiDtainii covered with eternal fnow ; hills of moderate height and eafy arc of mud ; the roofs covered with thatch j sfcent ; rifh plains, and ftatcly forefts ; and each has a yard, in which is a fmall and thcfe enlivened by innumerable arched l)rick building, like an oven, with Ilreams. It produces every article neccf- the mouth to the ground. In thefe they put fary for humun life, with the moll delicate their goods, to fecure them from fire, fruits aiul Jlowers. It is fomctimcs called The houle of the Englilh faftory is the Zii'ouliftan, from Zabul, oive of the names beft in the place. The trading-people of Ghizni, which was the ancient caphal are civil to llrangcrs, but the great men of the country. The motrntains of Hin- haughty, and the pix)r thi«vi(h. They doo, or Hindoo-ko, ilparate Cabiil from arc Pagans, and have a great number of Balk, or Bidakflvan, aiul are precifely the pagodas. The faftorie^ purchafc filks and ridge defigncd by the ancients, under the lackered ware, as in China. Loa. io;i name (if the CaucaCus of India ; and the 31. E. lat. 12. 10. N. proximity of thi'. ridg. I I.N. Ubtda. Lon. u ;'. E. lat. 37. 40. N. Cadevac, a ''town of France, in the department of Lot and late prov-incc of QiHTci, Icatcd on the river Lot, 27 miles E. N. E. of Cahors. Lon; 2. o. E. kt, 44. 32- N. C A nK.NET, a town of France, in the dcpartmvnt of the Mouths of the Rhone and late province of Provence, 48 miles S. E. of Avio-non. Lon. ?. 30. E. lat, 43. 42. N. Caoill.vc, atown of France, in the dcpartm'jnt of Girondc and late province of Guicnnc, feared on the Oaronne, with .a niai^niticent caftlc, 1 5 miks S. E.. of Ikurdeaux. Lon. c. tt. W. lat. 44. acN. Cai)I4, _J^i-"X''.^i.i.i.*» =ji":^j The The Engli ing, ftone I June XVI. was f( who ' runs bring W. Lon. Ca fliirc, fcat«« A D •Camarinha, a tnx-rn e of Luconia, with a bi. ■t to Spain. Lon. 124. N. Cash AW, a confiUcrable in Irac Aijcmi, where ■mfidcrable trAde in fxlics, ocadcs, and !inc earthen re a great number of lUebres, or worlhipers of e. It is fcateil in a vail by W. of Ifpahan. Lon. J. 2 0. N. town of Afia, capital of z fame nnme, in the king- , about So miles from the in in the Eaftern Ocean, fule of the river Hoti. It ;o,ooo houfcs, whofe walls : roofs covered with thatch j yard, in which is a fmall ilding, like an oven, with c ground. In thefe they put ) fccure them from fire. the Englilli factory is the ice. The trading-people ni;crs, but the great men the poor thicvifh. They nd have a great number of faftoric- purchafe filksaiid as in China. Lon. ic;i . 10. N. a town of Africa, in Negro- n the river St. Domingo, it fc Portuguefe, who have three ry on u great trade in wax Lon. 14. 55. E. lat. iz. ', a fmall kingdom of Africs, Zaire, whofe inhabitants arc . Their manners, religion, nt, are the fame as in Loangu. 5. o. S. , a town of Spain, in Anda- rivulet Ve2;a, between twa It belongs to the archbifhop ind is 15 miles E. S. E. of t. t. 5^. E. lat. 37. 40. N. :, a^town of Franco, in the of Lot and late province of d on the river Lot, 27 miles Cahors. Lon; z. o. £. lat. ", a town of France, in the )f the Mouths of the Rhone .luce of Provence, 18 miles »non. Lon. ;. 30. E. lat. 43, c, a town of France, in the ff Girondc and late province feared on the (faronne, with It cartlc, 15 miks S. E- of Lon. c, ti, W. lat. 44. acN. C A E Cadiz, a handfome, largr, and rich town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a good harbour. It is a hilhop's lee, and feared on an ifland, about 18 miles in length, and nme in breadth; but the N. W. end vhcre the town (lands, is not two broad. It has a communication with the continent, bv a bridge. The bay formed bv it i» 1 » miles in length and fix in breadth. The S. fide is inacccfltblc by fca, becaufe it is edged with craggy rocks, and the two forts, called Puntal and Matagorda, com- liiand the palTage into the harbour. It is u very ancient place, being built by the I'hoeniciani 5 it wai afterward a Roman town ; and there are (Ull feveral remains of Roman antiquities. All the Spanilh Jhips go hence to the W. Indies, and re- turn hither. It was taken and plundered by the Englifh in t :;96 ; but being at- tempted again in 1702, they had not tlic like fucccfs. It contains about i;o,coo inhabitants ; and the cathedral n a hand- fome ftrudure. It is 45 miles W. of Gibraltar, and 90 W. by S. of Malnga. Lon. 6i 6» W. lat. 36. 31. N. C ADO RE, the capital of a di drift called Cadorino, in Italy ; famous for the birth of Titian the painter. It is i<; miles N. of Belluno. Lon. la. o. E. lat. 46. CADORtNO, a province of Italy, in the territory of Venice ; bounded on th" Ei by Friuli Proper, on the S. and VV. bv the Bellunefe, and by ihc biihopric of Brixen on the N. It is a mountainous country, but populousi The only tovn is Cadorct Cadsand, an ifland on the coaft of Flanders, at the mouth of the Schcid, which gives the Dutch the command of that river. Caen, a confidcrable town of France, in the department of Calvados and late province of Lower Normandy, of which It was the capital. It has a celebrated iiiiivcrfity, and an academy of literature. The inhabitants arc computed at 40,006. The caftlc haii four towers, built by the Englifli. The townhoule is a larpe build- ing, with four great towers. The firft ftone of the noble barracks was laid in June 1786, by the late unfortunate Lewis XVJ. The late abbey of Sr. Stephen was founded by William the Conqueror, who was buried in it. The river Oine runs through the town, to which the tide brings up l.irgc vcflels. Caen is 65 miles \V. by S. of Rouen, and 125 \V. of Paris. Lon. o. 17. VV. lat. 49. 1 1. N. Caeufilly, a town of Glamorgan- fliirc, V. ith a market on Thurfdav. it is feataU betwein the rivers Taafe and Rum- fTXT nfy. It is thought that the wills, now in ruins, were built Sy the Romans, whof« coins are dug up here. It is live miles N. of Landaff", and n8 W. ot London. Lon. 3. iS. W. lat. 5i.'3 7.N. Caerleon, a town of Monmouth- ftiirc, with a market on Thiirldav. It was a Roman town, as is evident from the antiquities found here. It is leutcd on the l>lk. 'i'he houl'ts are generally built of ftoiie ; and here are the ruins of a caftle. It is 19 miles S. VV. of Monmouth, and 148 VV. by N. of London. Lon. 3. 0. VV. lat. S1.40. N. Cakrwent, a village of Monmouth- ftiire, famous for a beautiful mofaic pnve- iiicnt, difcovcred here in 1777; and ai- fertcd to be fuperior to any fuch clifcovcred on this fide the Alps, and equal to thole preCtrved by the k, in 1266, by the Genoefe, who made it the feat of their trade in the Eaft, and one of the moft tlourilhing towns in Afia. It was taken from them, by the Venetiars, in 1297, but foon recovered. The GenoeCe were treated with great diftinftion by the khans of the Crimea, who left them the undifturbed poffelfion of the fcaports ; fo that they foon poireffed the whole trade of the l!, thai if one particularly pleafes them, rh< V will give two bullocks in exchange for it. Their whole exercife through the day ii hunting, fighting, or darning. They arc etpert m throwing fhefr lances, and, in time of war, iHc liiields matle of the .hides of oxen. The' women arc employed in the cultivntion of their gardens' and corn. They raiff feveral vegetables, which •re not indigenous to rhc country, as tobacco, watermelons, kidnevbeans, and itemp. They have great pride in their tion of land to ciiliivatc, and a greater number of cattle to tt nd and feed. Thelie being his only rel'ources, he is often in danger of being ruined. His eabin i« neitlier higlier, nor better decorated than the reft. His fcraglio and whole family Hve around him, coinpoiing a group of about It or 15 huts. The diftance of the diftlreiit liordes makes it necelfary that they fhould have inferior chiefs, who are appointed by the king. The fovereignt/ is hereditary." See Hottentots, Country o>'. Cagli, an ancient cpHcopal town of Italy, in the ftuchy of U rhino, at the foot tattle : thev cut their hornsin fuch a ^Vay of the Appennintf, 20 miles S. of Urbino. M to'be able to turn them into any fliape theA^ plaafe. and teach them to anfwer a whiftie.- Slime of them uie an inftrumeir fc* 'his purpol'e timilar to a boaufwaiii's ■pipe. When ther »»ilh th'.ir cattle to re- turn, they go '\ little way from the hoiife tiid blow this rnftrument, which is made Lon. II. 42. E. lat. 4?. 26. N. Ca<;liaki, an ancient, large, and ricn town, capital of the ifland of Sardinia! w'th an arcliV. (hop's fee, a tinivcrfitv, a caiHc, and a good harbour. It was taken by the English in 1708, who tranfcr»ed it to the emperor Charles VI. but it wa» fcf ivory or bone, and fo conllrufted as to letakctr by tlie Spaniards in 1717, and ce be lieard at a great diftance^ and in \.\\h manner briiig all their cattle home, with- riut any diHtcutty. "The women," fa) s M. Vaillanr, *' are daily employed in making earthen ware ; and they make likcwife a curious kind of batkets, of a texture fo compaft as to contain milk. In perfon the Catfrcs are taller, and in fea- tures more agreeable than the Hottentots : their huts too arc h'ghcr and more com- modious thai) il'.ofc of the latter, and their lands more fertile. But notwiihftanding the beautiful forclts that aikirn CaftVaria, dcd to the duke of Savoy, in lieu of Sicily. The French made an unluccefsful attack, upon this place in Janiury 179J. Lon. 9. 14. E. lilt. 39. If, N. C .1 H o R ^ , a eonfiderable town of France, in the department of Lot and late pro- vince of Querci, with a bifliop's fee, and R imiverfity. It is feaied on a peilin- fula made by the river Lot, and built part- ly on a rvaggy rock. There are three bridges over the river. The cathedral is a Gc-ithic ftru£ture, and has a large fquare fiteple. Before the late abolition and the deligiitt'iil pallures that fpring of nobility in France, the bilhop of C up and almoft cover the cattle that feed on them, their oxen, and almoft all their ani- mals, are much fmaller than thofe of tlie ITi.ttcntots. Induftry is the leading trait in the thara£tcr of the CatTres, who are diftinguiflitd from their ncighbou'-s to the S. by their fondnefs for agriculture. hors was alto baron and count ; and to defend himltif againft the Albigenfes, t'liofe heretics, \vho, even it the commence- ment of the 1 4th century, were no longer to be dreaded, this prelate had, fo lately as the year 1739, the privilege of depofiting on the altar, when he ofBciated, the hel- Thcy have a high opinion of the Supreme met, cuirals,fword, gauntlets., and the reft Being, and of his power: they believe in of his military, though not very apoflolical, a future ftate of rewards and punidimeius, attire. On the day when he took pof- but think ttut the world had no bcj;in- feinon of the fee, the baron de Ceifac, bar(> A H cverlafling. Th«y fiiivr iionies, ami never prHv.' heir chiidreii llumltlvcs, s. Inlle.ul of thclc, tlicy conjurors, whom the/" I lay nrc gDVcrned by i cr 1 very liriii(«ti, rccciv- ling no truops --,. hit com- g the father of n free pco- |tcndcd nor ftartd, but rc- ved, and often pf)ortr thm )jefts. Btii\;! crmittcd to rvcs :is he pied', it is nc- (hould iiayc a larj;cr por- to cultivate, and a greater \- tn tt nd and feed. Theie refource^, he is often in ing ruined. His cabin h nor better dcorated thnn i fcraglio and whole family im, coinpolin.5 a proup of J huts. The diftance of the Ic3 makes it necelfary that ave inferior chiefs, who are the kin!^. The lovereignt/ See Hottentots, 1 ancient cpHcopal town of duchy of U rhino, at the foot inincf, 10 miles S. of Urbino. E. lat. 4?. lb. N. ii, an ancient, large, and ricn al of the ((land of Sardiniai Ihl".. /hop's fee, a nnivcnltv, » I good harbour. It was taken ii/h in 1708, who tranfcned mcior Charles VI. but it wai lie Spaniards in 1717, and ce- uke of Savoy, in lieu of Sicily. I made an unluccefsful attack A^a ill January 179J. Lon, . J9. 27-N. , a confiderable town of France, utmcnt of Lot and late pro- uerci, with a bifliop's fee, and y. It is feated on a peilin- y the river Let, and built part- ggy rock. There are three r the river. The cathedral ic ftruftuie, and has a ]arg4 ale. Before the late abolition in France, the bifliop of C;»- Ifo baron and count ; and to iftlf agaiftft the Albigenfcv, cs,\v\\a, even « the commence - : 1 4th century, were no longer led, this prelate had, fo fately [739, the privilege of dcpofitini,' r, when he officiated, the hl!- "s,fword, gauntlets, and the refi: iry, though not very apojiolicil, 1 the day when he took pof- the fee, the baron de Ceffac, bar*- € A I Hreheade !, and liii right le^ naked, con- diifttd him from the gaie ot the city to the palace, JK^Idi i|; the bilhiip's miile by the bridle, iiiid atttrw.ird vaiting at ta- ble. The lervicc of plate, valued at 3000 livrcs, and the mule, wire his peri]iulite. Caliors. ti>r fomc ytnrs pall, lias h.i;l a Ifanutai'lory of line cluih'. and ratteens, and it fiirnilhcs txcclli nt red wines. It was takiiii by aliault, in 1 ^Ho, by Henry IV. by means of pciards, which were fir't empl yed here. 'I'ht tiarril'on toniilUd c.t t'Qo ii.cn ; the a'.iail.ints were not more than i;oo; and tiiey fi)U;;ht live djvs and nights in the itrects. In one of ih- luburl s, tlie remains of a Roman am- ^-liitlicatrc arc Hill to be I'een. Cahor« is '.<■■ miLs N. VV. of Aiiiy, and 187 S. of J'Tis. Lon. I. 51. K. lat. 44. ift. N. '..'aian'abl'k;, the capital of Eaft Botiin'a. in Sweden, on ilie lake Caj.inia, 30c initcs N. E. of Abo. Lon. 17. 45. t. lat. 64. 1?. N. Caia/./o, or Cajizzo, an cpifcopal town of the kingdom of Naples, 12 miles N. E. of Naples. Lon. 14. 34. E. lat. 41. 10. N. Caicos, iflands of America, to the N. C\iko, a large city of Africa, capital of Egypt, built in VOV It confifts (if three towns, about h. mile ai*art ; Old Ciiro, New Cairo, and the port termed BiHac. The a-^ciont town had the name of Mcfra. Old Cairo is reduced to a fiTiall pl.icc, though the har- bolir for boats that come from Upper Kfvpt. Some of the beys have country hollies here, to which they retire when tiie country is ovetlloweii by the Nile. Nc,v Cairo is about a mile from the river, c A r and \% fevtn milci in circumference. ]£ has three or f.iur grand giie , of excellent vvorkmaalliip ; .but the hr^ets are narrow, and lo(,k hke Lines. 'I'he lintll homes ate ■b;ilh round a court, in wliiih they iiMl;e the bell ajipearance ; but fliLre arc few or no window .. next the firctt. 'J'he callle Hands upon a rock. I'o the VV. oi iheialUe are the remains of roiiicgrmul apaiiiiienis, eoverid with d.imes, and adorned wiih niofaic pii'.tiires oi trees and h lules. Theft arc now iiled forwtavirg ar.d einhrniiter- itig. Still higher it J oCeph's Hall, wiience there is a delightful prolpefttjver the city, the pyramids, and all tbccoumry round. It was probably a terrace to that magni- ficent room which is now npen on the ton, and is adorned with large beauti.'ul pilla-s of red granite. There are feveral public bagnios, which are very hindlome within, and are ufed as places of refrelh- ment and di.crficn, el'pecially for the wo- mc», who go there twice a week ; but the wives «f i.'rc It men are deprived of this pleafurc, by h.iving baths at homo. This city is excccdinely populous j I'everal fa- milies living in cnc houf';, and a number of people in each room. For tins real'on, in tlic buly time cifthedav, the firtets are lb crowded, that it is diflirult to pal's along. The women have greater liberty here than in other parts of the Turkilh empire ; and there arc particular (Ireers, where thi courtezans fit at the doors, richly drtlTed, toinvitecuftomers. Here arc hkewift many caravanlaries. The Ca'ilh is a canal, whith conveys the waters of the Nile into the ci;v : it is about 20 feet broad, and has houfes on each fide of it. As Iomi as the water begins to rife, they clofc the mouth of the canal with earth, and place a mark, to Ihtnv the time when this and all other canals in '.he kingdom are to be opened, which is done with great fokir.r.ity. The mouth of c'ofeph's Well (lb called, not from the patriarch, but from a grand vizir, who, about 700 years ago, liad the care ijf the work under Sultan Mahomet) is 60 feet in circumference, and in depth 176, being cut in a rock ; and oxen are employed in drawing up the water. This cit v' was a place of much greater trade, before the difcovcry of the Cbpc of' Good Hope. Jofeph's Granary is in Old Cairo, and \i furrounded bv a fquare wall. Here they lay up the corn that is p.jd as a tribute to the Grand Signit>r. Notuithftandinii its name, it was ccrtainlv built in the time of the Saracens. According to M. Sivary, there are not lefs tiian 300 mofc)ues in Cairo, ■ the lofty minarets of which prefeiit a very piflureique appearance. The Europcyis have ihcir vonluls and fa£lurs here H 3 Cairo L C A L Ciiro it fuppofed to contain 700,300 in- nliitanti ; 4iui is 1'c.UlJ nc.ir the Nile, I '3 niilc), S.of itt mouth. Lod. 31. 1 j. E. lat. ?o. 3. N. Caikoan, or Kairoan, a tnwn of Tiini«, in Africa, on tlic river Magrida, Ho miles S. of Tuuit. Lwn. 10. 11, £. lat. ?;. 10. N. ' C A iTHNfsss HI Rf, the moft norther- ly county of ScotlamI, Ixmridcd en the N. • by th'' Peniland Krith, which divides it from tne Orkney Iflands ; on the S. K. by the Britiili Ocean ; and on the V\'. by . Buthcrlandlhirc. Its i;reaffft extent is 3S milts from N. to S. and 10 from E. to \V. The whole S. W. parr is occu- picc. by Rrcat mountains, the abode of r)es and a variety of t;anic. The rockv fum- . niits Ihtltcr eaplts and other birds of prey ; and the laics arc often rcloricundirv, cndin(( in the promontory rail- ed the Ord of (.'iiithiiefs. Alonj;; the fide of this liecp lull, irppcndin^, in a manner, above the lea, a winding rnail is cut, which i) the only entrance into this (hire from the S. The cliinatt- is piw^d, and the foil ar.i'ind the to.r.c very improveab' Its « liicf exports are beef, meat, anil barley, buitcr, fliccfe, varn, fkiiu, feathers, and kelp. Eiij'Jilli 13 cliiefly l'po!;cn (,n the ro^il, hut, m the liigh landi, the Gaelic prevails. The women wen. formerly fub- H'ft to the r rt h'liiiilintinp; drudi;cry ; it t)iii)j); no unconirnfin thin;;, about 40 years a^.', to lee a party of tlieiii trmlnini; to tile fielJs, loaded with t'.e dimg-'nl'.ct, or rerornin^' home, in harvcll, uiuier a h'.avy burden nt flie.i\cs. This Oiainc- fiil trciituicnt is now I'aoliilicd j the far- rriei-4 employing hones, cart», and men, as in oihcr c'luiitics, Cakkt, a town )f Perfia, neai Mount <.'aueafus. Its trade confilll. chiidy in niks. 1-on. 46. It,. E. lat, 33.0. N. C'ai.aiiKIA, a country of Italy, in the kingdom or N-iplev, divided into Calabria Ultrt, and Cilabria Citra, mnmonly call- ed Ulteriore and C'l'eriore, or Farther and Ilithir Calabria. Cjlabria Citra is one of tlvj II provinc-s of Naples, and bounded on the S. by Calabria Ultra, on the N. by flaJTlicatn, aod on the W. and !■'.. bv the (ea. Con-nza is the capital. C alabria Ultra is waflied by the Mtditer- rancdii Sea 011 the E. S. and VV. and i)' iiiuicd by Calabria Citr« on the N. Feggio is the capitjjl. In the beginning ot i-ove 4C,oco people p»» lilamiry. Mountains were Hid formed in an iniUnt : in to flow, and old ftrcami ihe earth and deftroyed : .re removed f om their hilU carried to places far JaCal Nuovo, the princifi pward of 4000 inhabitantt, i at Biignara, 30 r; ; at I'almi, 6000 ; at Ttrra At Scilla, a wave, which . country for throe »iii!ei, its return, 2473 "^ *''* '"- J the prince at tiieir head. kes (for there were fevcral il their grcateft force from 1. mountains of the Apptn- Mniite Dcjo, Monte Sacro, iiilonc, extending wcftwari an Sea ; in all which vaft vas not a fingle village o? was not either totally du- :ry much damaged. r\, an epifcopal town o£ I CaOilc, on the fuie of a hill, h to the banks of the Rbro, rif Buigos. Lon. 2. 7. \V, 4. ^ towr of France, in the dc- thc Straits of Calais and latj Picardv, with a citadel and rlxiar. ' It wis taken 17 F.ck- 1347, after a memorable fiti'C . 1 1 month., which has j;ivtn hiftorical as well as dramatic Hume, Vol. J I. Note II.) the injflorious rtign of oun a s taken by the duke of Guili , nined, cvtr fince, in poflTcliictj h. Jt was bombarded by the 1696, without receiving much e fortifications are good : hue Utng'.h is its fituation anionjr I, which may be overflowed ach of an enemy. In rime o£ arc packet-boats, which go k between Dover and Calais. les E. S. E. of Pover, and aris. Lon. i. 56. E. lat. 50. ,TA, a confiderahle town of Europe, m i\^e iWorca, and Belvedere. It w.-w taken by ns in 1685 J "but the Turki It ftands on the river Spinar- lilcs from the lea. Lon. xi. 7.O.N. • AN»..s, three fmall iflands or ten Borneo and the Philippines, 'arago. They are famous for birvl-nefts. Lon. u3. 5. E. Calaia ' C A L CAi.ATAJvn, a large and hanclOme town of Spain, in Arraj-jOn, at the ronlUi- cnce of the Xalon and Xihca, wirhacnlllc on a rock, 37 *>iln S. W. of Sara^jolfa. Lon. I. y. W. lat. 41. 41. N. C A LA'in AvA, a town of Spam, in New Cal\ile, the chief place of the milifary Older of the knights of Ca!atrav;i, mlii- tuttd by Sancho II. kinj; of Caltile, in ni; V tlic in8. It is ftated near tlic river Clu'Ji- 2Tii, 80 miles j. of Madrid. Lon. j. to. aV.lat.39.4.N. C ALU K.N, a town of Gtrmnny, in the Old Marche of Hrandcnmirg, with a good calHe, 3s iniks N. of MagdcUurg. C ALT A It, a ftrong town of Gerinany, in the duchy of CUvcs, feared near the Rhine, eight miles S. E. of Clevei. Lon, 5. S5. E. ht. £ Bengal, .ind the feat of the governor-general of India, fituatcd on the Huogly river, or welUrn arm of the Ganges, at about 100 miles from itj mouth. It extends from the weftern point of Fort William, along the banks of the river, almoll to the village of Coffipgor, four miles and a half. The breadth, in many parts, is inconfiderablc. Gene- rally (peaking, the delcriptioii of one In- dian city is a del'cription of all; they being all built on one plan, with very narrow, confined, and crooked lUeiMs ; an incre- dible number of rcfervoirs and ponds and a great many gardens intcrf'pcrfcd. A few of the ftretts are paved with brick. The houfes are varioufly built : fome of brick ; others with mud -, and a greater proportion with bamboos and msts. Thcfe diflfereDt kinds of fabrics ftanding intermixed with each other, form a motley appearance : thole of the Ltter kinds arc invariably of one ftory, and covered with thatch : thofe of bricli ftldom exceed two floors, and have flat-tcrraccd rtxifs. The two former claircs far outnumber the laft, which arc fo thinly fcattered, that fires, which often happen, do not, fomctimes, meet vvith the nbllruition of a brick hpufc through u whole lintt. But Calcutta is, in part, an exception to this rule of build- ing ; for there, the quarter inhabited by the Englilh is cpmpoied entirely of brick buildings, many of which iiavt more the itppearance ofpalnce? than of private houles. Th.e line of buildings that I'urrounds two fides of the crplanadc of the fort, is map. nificejit J ajid it adds gre.itly 10 the I'u- C A L perb appearance, that the houfc* «re rfc. luchcd friiiii i,irl\ other, and inful'i'-cd in .1 great fpacc. The buildinj's are ajl in a l.irge Iralc, from the nccLlli'v of having a tree iirculation of air in a ciimalc, tlie Kc it of which i» extreme. The general ap- proach to the h( uirs is \i\ a fligtix of llepit with jTcat proji.fMng porticoes, or I'ur- r'lnnded by coloiiiKuUs or arcades, which give thciii the appearance of (Jriciai\ teniplc!', and, indeed, every hoiife n ,ty be conlidercd ns a temple dedicated 10 iiofpi' tality. Hut the remainder of the city, and by niucli the greatdl part, is built as above dcfcrihcd. Within thirty ytnrspnd, Cnicutta has been wonderfully impr.ivpd both in appearance and in the faluliriiv of the air, for the lireets have been properly dr.iincd, and the ponds fi!!rd up -, thuj re- moving a vaft I'lirfacc of (Kignant water. It is an extenhvc and populous city, biiiijj fuppoled to contain at leaft 500, 'oo in- habit, ints. The mixture of European and Afiatic manners, that may be oblerv. ed in Calcutta, is curi. us ; coache?, phae- tons, finj'le-horfc clijites, with the pal- > lankecns and hackeries of the natives, the pairing ceremonies of the Hiiid"o<, and tiic different appearances of the fakirs, form a fight more novel and txtr.iordinary, ptr- haps, than any city in ilie world can pre- I'cht. The hackery here mentioned is a Imall covered carriage upon two wheels, drawn by bullock:., and uCid generally for the female part of the fan'4y. Tlie fitu- ation of Cncutta is not fortunate ; for it has fome extc'ifivc muddy lakes, and a \M\ forel^, c'.ofe by it, Indeed, it is re- markahie, that thv Englifh have been more in-.tentive to the natural advantage* of fituarton, in their foreign fetttemcnts, than other European nations. Calcutta is a modern city, liaving rifen on the fite of the village of Crovindpour, about 95 years ago. The Ganges is navigable up to the town for the larj-tll Ihips that vifu India. Here is the feat of the govcrnor-gtacral and council of Bengal, who have a controul over the prclidcncies of Madras Boinba) , j'.nd Bencoolen. Here is likewife a fur prpmr court of judicature, in which juftico isdif^enfed, according to the laws of Eng- land, by a (;tiief.^uflicc and ihrei; puil'ne judges. In i7<;'i, ^lal^utta was taken by the foutiah of Bengal, who forced the fee- ble garrilon, tp the amount of 146 per- fons. into a prifon caUe(^ the Black Mole, a cube of 18 feet, out of which only ij came alive. It was retaijcn, ihe next year, by colonel Clivc «n4 adijpiral Watfon. The viftory of Pl^lTey followed j and the inhuman i'oubah was depofed, and put t.i death by hh fucccflbr, immcduttv'y aft^r i C A I. C A L this Tiftnry, cilonrl Clivc bepin to eroft tory. It tt i ^o miltn S. of Calicut. Lon, the prrffii't ciiao ix'cnfivc :i fcatc. C»l- fiitu i'. lojo iTi'lrt S. VV, by S. of Mn'lr,!^. Lnn. 8S. ■> re- Cai f'DONiA, Ni w, thf l>rj'p(l illanil, ni.ukatilc lor Uting the lirll Imli.m port jn the S. P.ir.itic Octnn, txctpt Ntw Hoi- vilitcil by Eiiropt,\it Ihippini; ; it bcinj; land ami f\\v Zealand. It ixieiuh fi 'in iliftovcrnd by tiic Portiigiielu, when they Ut. 19. n- t" **• V- S. and front lon. c.imc tn tliw K.ift Indict by the Cupj of i6j. J7. t()ift7. 14. li. It w:\» di(V jvcnJ (inod llopi, in 149II. It was then the inoft by capr. Cook in 1774. It i!> full of hills flourilhing place on the cuafl of Malabar, and villies, of vari un t»ten», borli In but apptark to have declined in its conic- height and depth. From thJ h'lls fpiinj; <|iiiiice t'oon after; the new power of t ha nunihcM of riviilrrs, which contribute greatly tofertlli/t the plains. The funi- rnit» of the hills urc in j;tncral barren, fluiiijh fomc are cl thcd with w.iod, aiarc all ilir plains and vallits. Among the trees is a fort of pint, very fit for maft», Portuj^d'e having; ocialiijned u rivolatiun throtii'.hoiit the maritime parts (>f the pininluUi Lon. 74. 14. E. iat. 11. 18. N. Cai. iri'T, a country in the peninfulaof Hindoortan, on the coaft of Iwiilabar, hi the W'jod being clofc-graincd, tijugh, and miles in length, and as much in breadth light. The inhabitants arc Itrong, ail ive, It is I'lll ol woodi, rivers, and inarflus ; and wcll-m;vde ; their hair i» bUck, and produces ('(.pper, (finger, aloes, and rice ; much fri77lf-!, but not W( oily ; their be, irds and the trees are always green. There in arc crifp and thick j th«y belmcar tlieii a tree, which produces a kind of dates, face? with black pigment ; anil their onlv from which they obtain fui^ar and oil. Civeriiin is a wrapper, niadc from t!ie bark Tliis country was Cubjcrt to Tippoo Sultan, of a tree, or of leaves, Thcv cultivate regeru of Myl'ort ; but, by the detinitivc the foil with iViric art and induftiy, but treaty of peaee, March iS, 1791, part of fubfift chiefly on roots and fifh, Plantains it (65 talooks) was ceded to the Knf.'lilh and fugar-cancs are not plentiful, bread- Eall India Company. Calicut is the prin- fruit is very frarcc, and the cocoa-nut cip^ltown. trees are but thinly planted; but their C a i.ii-ornia, a peninfula of N. Ame- yurns and taras arc in gri;.t abundance, rita, on the South Sea. It was vifitcd in Their houfts arc circular like a beehive, invH by fir l''rancis Drake, who called it and 0'. dole and warm. The framing of New Albion, and took poffcllion of it in their houfr:s ib of fmall fpars and reeds, the name of ijuccn lililalietli. In fiim- and both the roof and fu'cs arc covered mer, the heats are violent aloni:^ the coaft, \yith long coarfe grafs. The floor is laid for it feldoni rains during that lealoii ; but with dry fraf'i, and here Hnd there mats up the country, the air is more t'MTiperate-. are f(ireaj for the principal people to lie In winter, the rains are excelFive ; and, or fit on. Tlicy dcpofit tlitir de,.d in the when they are ',vcr, there is a great dew grounri, and decorate the grave of their every morning. It is very healthy; for chiefs with fpears, darts, paddles, iS:c. all ftrangers, who have been there for fi'.e ftvick uptight in the groiind about it. years together, never had any fickncfs. They arc (fa pacific difpufition, and their It abounds wit!, cxtenfive plaii:s, plea''"nt women are far more chafte than thole of vallies, and cNcellent pailures, full of tine the more eaftern ifland's. fprings. On the banks of the river> are C A I KNBi.RO, a cnftle of Oermnnv, in willows, reeds, and wild vines. California th;. circle of I.nwer Saxony, an.! capital of ha3 feveral trees and fruits peculiar to the the duchy of Hrunfuick Ca'enberg. It country. They have fourrecn forts of • is frp.jed on the river Leinc, 10 '\niles S. of Hanover, atnl fubjcft to the eh'ftor of Hadover. Lm. 10. ;. E. ht. e,i. i ;. N. Cam, a town of S. America, in Po- piyan, in a valley of the fame name,. on the river Canca. The governor of the province generally refides here. Lou. 77. 5. W. Iat. 3. i;. N. grain ; and "hey ma1-;e bread of the roots of trees and plants. They have two kinds of cjuatlrupcils peculiar to the country, one of which i:, about the fi/c of a calf of two years old, wiih a head like a flag, and horns like a ram ; their hair is long, and their hoofs like oxen : the other is a kind of fhecp, fomc white and others black ; but Calic<)ui..\n, or QL'n.ON-,a town on they difTer from the European in feveral file coaft of Malabar, in the peninfula of refpcils. The other animals are like thofe Hiadooflan, where thie Jjutch have a fac- of Mexico. The inland country, efpeciaHy nonli" A L ulei S. of Calicut. Lon. Ji.N. lovvii in the peninfiila uf u- o.ift of Malabar, uo M.iJr.is. Thi. Lnglillt lluic. 'i'his titv ii re- ling the iirll liidiiiii purt Jit.m Jhippiiu; i it bcinjj It P( rtllgiieri;, when they 1(1 liuticii by the Cjpj of 498. ft wus then tiic moll '■ oil tlic Cuaft of Malabar, .uvc ilcchncit in Ui conlc- Jir; the new power o( the Ing occaliijiud a revolution : maritime parts (>f the II. 74- 14- ii- l'>t' 11. country in the pcmnrula of tlie coaft of lVl;ihil)ar, ft* , and as much \n hrtadth. iiiods, rivers, and mnrfties ; tr, t'.ingcr, aloes, and rice ; f aluays jjrecn. There ii produces a Icind of datti., hey obtain Cui^ar and oil. vasfiilijefl to Tippoo Sultan, lore ; but, by the detinitivt t, March 18, 1791, part of ) WIS ceded to the Knj^iilh nipuny. Calicut ia the prin- N I A , a pcninfula of N. Amf . South Sea. It was vilited in i'rancis Drake, who callid it , and took poflcllion of it in (juccn Llilulictli. In fiiin- ts are vioitnt alon;^ the coaft, rains durinji; that Italoii ; l)ut ry, the air i^ more t';mptratc. he rains are excelFive ; and, re <,vcr, there is a t;rtat dew ig. Jt is very healthy; for ho have been there for five UT, never had any fickncfs. vitii cxtcnlive plains, plca'"::nt ;:%celltnt pallures, full of line I the banks of the river> are lb, and wild vines. Calit'ornia rces and fri;irs peculiar to the rhty have foiu recn furts of "hey ma'ke bread of the roots ,)lants. They have two kinds Is peculiar to the country, one ubout the fi/c of a calf of two viih a head like a flag, and ram ; their hair is lonj;, and ke oxen : the other is a kind of white and others black ; but roni the European in feveral le other animals are like thofe The inland country, efpecially north- <: A L CAM ncnhward,^ populous ; but tliey Hr<- in renee. Tlie ftreets crof» each otlwr tt 'xmrs, mad'- of the boujih'' of rijrht ,\M|;Ic-:, It i» <»Ieb''.'f«d in the liif- » lort I if arli till trees, in lummei ; ano m winter they loiy of tlie North, as ■.he place where tha creep into cavei diitr in the t.irth. The deputic< of Sweden, iJenmark, and N.»r- inen ^d naked, except a pitie of fine linen way, were api><)inted t' affcmbh- fur the about their htaiU j. and they hav^ onia. election of a kiiij(. according to trie union Its ni.ik of (hells, mixed with little of C4im.ir. On an cniinrnee. h.ilf a mil« id berries, about their neck and ami' . fiom the town, in .the calll", i.ie only re- iiicntt ni.' roui Their wetp'-ns are hows, arrows, and mains of the ancient magnilicenc of Cat jiselms, whieii rliey .^.hs.'.vs r. rvy in thrir mar. This palaci, the ri.lidence of th« hands; for thev are often at war wirh ilhiOriniisf]uetn Mar)?aret, !•, now convert, each other. Th<, SMiineii wear an apron ed int ) a diltiltery. It i.. 1 (o mile-' S. W. dc of plaited reid., and cover their ct Srockholin. Lon. lO. ij. E. lat. ;*. m;n IhouhUrs witii the Ikini of be;,ln, with a 4:. M furt of iictwcjrk on tlieir he. ids. 'J"iuy Calnf:, a birough of Wiltlliirc, with ln>e alio nicklaccs and bracelet* like the a market tm Tueldiy ; feaud on ariveruf the fainc name, 1- miles K. of Hritfol, ;ir.d HS \V. of Loud 11. Lon. 1. 59. \V. lat. ^1. 30. N. * C A I. V A DOS, a department of France, inchi !in|' (lart of the late province of Nor- mandy. It is fi) called from a rock of the l:;me name. Caen is tlic capital city. Calvary, Mocn t, a hill near Jeru- f.ilem, on whieti J Kbi'S Cliuisr wa^ cru- cilied. C A i.vr, ar. cpifcopal town of the king- dom of Naplrv ; Lir|(c miles N. of Capua. Lon. 14. 19. E. lat. 41. I ^ N. Calvi, a town in Corfua, on i cragi^T nioiintiiin and )'iilf of the lame name, with nun. 'i'hty niike tliole ornaments of « kind of j;rals ; as alio bat^s lor ditferent ules, and hilling ntt^. W'itli thisj.rals tlicv alio make cups, plates, dillies, and loine- times .umbrellas. 'J'hey have no fonn of go\ crnnr.iit, and little rtligion. 'i'hey are of a red copper colour, with co.uie black hair, and no bc.irds, like the reft of the native Amrricins. If this country can be laid to l)e!on^toany Kiiropean na- tion, it mull be to the Spaniards ; bccauie no other Europeans have ever made any liav here. Cai. i^AO, a feaport of S. America, in Peru. The harbour is the l»;li in the South Sea. The governor is lent from Spain, and is changed every five years. Jt was a Itnjii^ fortrels, and a (rood harbour, 3* iilnioll totally deftroyed by an cartli(]i'.ake miles S. \V , of U.illia. Lon. 9. 16. E. in 1746. Jt is five miles from Lima, of lat. 41. td. N. which, indeed, it is the port. Lon. 76. 53. W. lat. II. 1. S. Calla St'sii.st;, a l.irgc town of the illand of Houton, in the Indian Ocian. It is about a mile from the Tea, on iiit top of a hill, cncompalTed with cocoa-nut trees. There is a ftrong (Kme v.-ill Cam, or (-iitvNT, a river which rifea in Hertfurdlliire, runs N. K. by Cambri(lj;e, and N. to the I lie of Ely, where it falls into the Oiile. C AM A K ana, an ifland of Arabia, in the Red Sea, whofe inhahit.ints are littlo and 1)1 ick. Hire thev tilli for white co- round the town, ami the houfes arc built ral and pearl oylh.rs. upon polls. The religion (>( the ii'li^i- Cam Alt a r, a feaport of France, in the bitants is the Mah(jmetan, and they I'peak department of l-inilUrre and late province of the Malayan language. The piople are Brittany. In nn expedition ngaiuft Bred Imhll, wcU-lhaped, and of a dark olive in 1(194, '''<■' I'-i'lili'h landed here, and loft colour. Lon. 1:3. 41;. E. lat. ;. o. S. Callkn, a town of Ireland, in the county of K'lkennv, 10 miles S. W. of Kilkenny. Lon. 7.6. W. lat. ^3. 18. N. a i;reat number f>f men. It (lands on a ba« of the lame name. Cambay, a larije city of Hindoofiaw Proper, in tl.e province of Guzcrat. It C A 1. 1.00, afoftrelsof the Neihcrl-uuls, (lands on a deep and (tangcrous £;ulf of the in the territory of Waes, on the Sclield, fame name, and was th>. Camanes of Ptc fubjeif to the lioiiCe of Aullria. I'iie Dutch were defeated h.cre by the Sp.ini- ards in i63'5. It h five miles W. of Ant- werp. Li n. 4. 10. v.. lat. c,i. 13. N. C M.I.INGION. See K.KLL1NTO.S'. Cai -.iar, a firnnj,' feaport of Sweden, lemy. Its nrodui'.t^ and manufailures are inferior t thofi: of few towns jn India ; for the coiir.iry abotmds in corn, cattle, aiul liik ; and C' r-ichi!! and aijate ftoncs are found in its ri- crs. The inhabitants aie^ noted for emhro'dery ; and I'ome of thtiri in the. province of Smoland, divided from qiiilrs have bf-'-n viihie'd at 4CI. It is fuhjeft the ilk of ()(.land by a (trait, about (even to the P'oii;.'' Mahrattan, and is ^7 miles iBiles broad in its narroxcll part. It i^ a S. of Amedabad, of which it is the port, fmall town, I'carcely a mile in circumfe- Lon. -i. to. jL. lat. si. 25. N'. " Ca.m. CAM •* CAMBEnwF.i.i., a fine villigc of Surry, tw" milts. S. S. E. f.f London. Its parilh includes the village! of DuKvicli and Peck, am. C A M Bt) u I A, a kingdom of Alia, bound- fd on tilt N by Laos, on the E. by C'ochm China and Ciainpa, and on the S. and W. by the giuf and kingdiitn of Siain. It i:> dividcJ by a large river cjllcd Mccan, ©r Cambodia. The ehief town nuirs, likt- witc the ni.nii. of C'.aiibfKha, anii .s I'cated cm the fame river, about i-o miles N. by W. of its mouth. Thii country is ai.n'.i- ally overflowed in the raiiiv fealon, bc- iwcen June and October ; ind its produc- tions and fniits are much the lame with tbofe ufuiliy found bi.tvvetn the tropics. Lon. 104. 5. K. l:u. 15. 10. N. Camukav, a handfome, larpc, and ftrona; town of Franco, in the dtpanmcnt vf the North aixi late province of the Cam- lifens. It was lately an archiepifcopal fee, but is now oijy a bilhopric. /t h s a ci- tadel and fort, and a conf.derahle manu- faftory of linen, and (.ipecially of cambric>, which took their n^jijie from this city. It Is feated on the Siluld. which di\ides it in two, and is 12 miles S. E. of Arras, and 101 J^. of Paris. Lon. 3. ;o. K. lat. 5c. ji. N. Cambupsis, a late province of France, 45 miles in leni;ih ; bounded on the N. find E. bv liainau.lt, on the S. by I'irardy, and on the W. by Artois. dnmray is the capital ; ami it is now ;nc!udej in the department of the North. CAMHH.inr,E, the county-town of C.tmbridgelhire, and feat parilhcs; and fends iLx mem- bers to parliamtnt ; namely, two for the county, and two each for the town and uni- verfity of CainWridge. Theairand foil vary ejctremely; forriC parts, efpecially thsfourh- crn and calUrii, are picafant and healthy j ♦ uut th:; nnrthcrn, or fenny country, \i, lo\v and watery, tvom ths ccnjiucncc of many r- , ■..:i ■;■: rivers, E A M uccn's, Jefus, Clirift's, fit, Icn, Trinity, F.manutl, and Theliallsarc Cl;ire, Pem- , and Catherine. Of the HouCc is the molt ancient, in isi;7 i anJ Kintf's and :ci ttc mod conridtrablc, in uic noblcli foundation in he ciiapcl out of the finell ic architeftun. in the world. tli:ipcls, .tr. of Trinity col- , ce it ni tlit lirft rank. The- fts hcioniiiiii; to tlic univcr- fcnatc-houft, a fine ediiio, I St. Mary's church, ti.e nivtrfity library, and othi.f Tib a noble iquare. Here is I garden, and a general hof- Addcnhiuoke's, from the rijiinal founder. Cainbrid"u . N. E. of Oxford, 17, S. of . bv E.of London. Lon. o. >J. N. ;k, a village of Gloucefier- urktlcy, on the river Cam. anes were attacked by Ed- der, and feme thoufands of ilcd. 'GK, a pleafant village, in the racliuftis in North y\mcrica. number of well-built gentle- uid has a flonrifhing univcr- onfifts of four elegant brick s, with refpeft to its librarv, apparatus, and profelTorlhipi^ jry inliitutidn on the Ameri- . Since its tftablilhment, ia onfei red honorary degrees on • ft has generally from 120 to The names (.f the four build- .•a/-d Hall, Mairachulets Hall, id Ho! feated un the river Cainel, end is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and recorder. Jt has one church, half a mile out c' the town ; and it has a large market for yarn, a gieat ({uantity of which is fpun in this place and jtt neighbourhood. It is 24 miles W. of Launcellon, and 229 W. by S. of i,hthe foil is good, it produces little or noyhiiig, on acco^int of the heavy diiti{.s uDon corn ; aiid the r.ir is unwholel'orac- Foimerlv the btft- peopled and hc'ff-ciiltivateil fpof i|» the Vvorld, fev/ yiiiagis, little puitivaiion, and Icarcely tfhy' inhabitants are now to be ften : no trees, no iiKloi'uies ; nothing, in fliort, but the i'cattcred ruins of temples and tombs, which prcfent the idea of a country depopulated by pcftilencc. In the niidft of thefe dcilrteUi fields, Iconic, the .mtient miiUcfK Dt I'.'x w'crld, rears her CAN head in melancholy mnjefty. Tlie Cam- panii extends ho miles along the Mediter- ranciin, and r, lubjett to the popt. Cami'UKI.iu.v, a borouiji of Scot- land, fu uaied on a bav, toward the S. ex- tremity of the peninUila of Cautyrc, m Argylelhirc. It is a lar^c town, having a conlideraiilt trade ; for whii.h it is prii.ci- pally indebted to its being tiie gcnenl ren- dezvous of uie tilhmg velfels that anmially vifit the \V. coalt. Jt is jo miles i,V. of the ille of Arran. Lon. 5.42. W. lat.cj. 29. N. Campdkv, a town in GlouccfJcrfliire, witli a market on Wednel'dav. It is 21 miles N. E. of (Wouceiler, and S7 N. W. by \V. oi London. Lou. 1. ;o. \V. lar, 52. 4. N. Cami'F. ACHY, a town nf S. Aincrici, in New .Sjj.'ui, in the penijifala of Yuca- tan, on tl.e W. coali of the bav of Cam- peachv, deiondcd by lUoiig forts. Jt is noted fur li^gw^od, which, however, does Hot f£row very near it. It w.is taken by the Knglilh in it 59, by the buccaneers in id-ji, and by the freebooters of St. Do- mingo in if.S;, who burnt it, and bkw uu the citadel. Lou. n Bridge, f miles from c aqueduft, which, for lards, conveys the canal and alfo more than navigable river Jrwe!i. arches over this river, ■ piers, are all of hewn e arch is 6j feet wide, ibove the water, and will barges to go through s Handing. At Long. canal turns to the right, iver Mcrfty, paflTc; near nham, Grapenh-ill, and tide way of the Mcrlev, where the duke's barges canal from Liverpool at s navigation is more than th } it falls 9 5 feet, and ^ears, under the direftion engineer Mr. Brindlcy. )re this carLal was tinilhe-i, le poor of ManchcOcr at 1 weight, is no\- fold to re to thecwt.) at thrcc- HE Grand Trunk, or DSHIRK Cav,m., begun le direftion of Mr. Bnn J- brm a communication b.- ;y and the Trent, and, in the Irifli Sea and the Gcr- iie length of this canal is y, 31 miles on the N. fide, JIill,.where it was begun, F Bridgewater's canal at Hill in Ciiefliitc, and 6i i. fide of the hill to VVil- (.rbyfiiire, where it coni- :he Trent. To ertcfl tins were conftrui'ted on the ing 316 feet fall. On the only one lock, ^vhich is h, and is 14 feet wide, feet tiroad at the tnp^ 16 nd the depth four feet and ried over the river Dove, : of 13 arches, and the I, above a mile, toacon- . It is alfo cartied ovi r I aquedudtof 6 arches. At , It is conveyed under and a half; at Barton ii> btenaiieuui pulTa^c is d'- CAN teflcd of 560 yards in extent; ami in the fame neighbourhood, another of 3 50 ; at Preflon on the Hill, where it joins the duke's canal, it paffes uiu!er;Muund 1:41 Vards. From the ncighbomhoud of Staf- ford, a branch is made from this c-inal, to run near Wolverhampton, and to join the fccvern near KidJerminller : f;om this »gain two other branches a\e c:irrici!, one to Birminghmi, the other to VVorccfler. * CArJAi, CrKKAT, a noble canal, in Scotland, Tvhieh forms the long-\vii!ud- for junction between the Forth and Clyde. " This vaft and fplemlid under- C A N' taking," fays the ingenious author ot icolltiitd Dilinealftl, " propofcd above a century ago, and now happily completed, tipon a fcale far above the uliial dirnen- ftons of the largeft canals in England, will facilitate the carriage of grain and of raw materials from the more fertile parts of the ifland, to thofe diftrifts where manufac- tures and population require conftant fup- plics. For this purpofe, veflTcls conftruftcd for foreign trade, can now be employed upon this Great Canal, provided the breadth «t the beam be fomcwhat Icfs than 20 feet, and their draught of water a little under S, The extreme length of this canal, from the Forth to the Clyde, is 351 Englifti miles ; in the conrfe of which navigation, the veffels that pafs along it are raifcd, by means of 20 locks, to nearly the height of 160 feet above the 'evel of the fea. I'alT- ing afterward upon the fummit of the country, for above 18 miles, they then de- fccnd, by means of ig locks more, into the river Clyde, and thence have free accefsTo the Weftern Ocean. In the fpacc of 70 miles, this canal is carried oVer no lefs than 36 rivers and rivulets, befide two great roads, by means of 38 aqueduft bridges; all of them built of hewn ftone, and veiy elegant. The road from Edinburgh to Glafgow paffes under it near Falkirk, and ever it, by means of a drriwbridge, fix miles from Glafgow. In the courfe of thii inland navigation, which may, in ge- rieral, be performed in lefs than 18 ho,us, many ttriKing fcencs preftntthemfclves to rievf. But, above all others, the beauti- ful and romantic fituation of the ftupcn- dous aqueduiSl bridge over the Kelvin, near Glafgow, 400 feet in length, carrying a great artilicial river over a natural one in a deep valley, where large vclfels fail along at the enormous height of 70 feet above the bed of the river bcbw, is one of the features of this great work, wh\i.h gives it the pre-eminence over any of a nmilar nature in Europe. Yet, however finguUr and flriking this may appear, with lefpedt to pi£turefque beauty, the utility of this Important communication bv wa- ter, betwce.t the Kallern and VV'e'.^ero Sea, to the coininea'e of Great Britairj and Ireland, to the towns of j^ivcrpool, Lanc.iiKr, ;>r.J Whitehaven, to Dubiin, Newry, and BeUjft on the one hand ; to Hull, Neacaftle, Leilli, and Dundee on the other, and alfo to all pjrrs in or near St. George's Channel, in their trade to Norway, Swe.len, and the Baltic ; out^hl to be the chief ciMific'erition, and mutl be ftrikingly cvifi.:nt, as i'. fhortcn"' the nau- tical dirtance in fome inftanrjs Soo, and in others 1000 miles ; isrtording a fafe and fpecdy navigation, p."-ticularly at the end of the feafon, "hen v ' "••!- are too long de- tained in the Baltic, d cannot attempt the voyage round bv ' e North Sea, with- out dangci of (hipwreck, or of the market being loft from delay. Such is the direc- tion, magnitude, beauty, and importance of this commercial channel of conveyance, which runs nearly in the fame track, and fonietimes on the lame ground, where a mi- litary fortification once forbade all inter- -courfe and communication between the foiithern and northern parts of this ifland." Canal Royal, or the Canal of LwGUKnor, in France, was begun in 1 65^1, in order to effeft an inland commu- nication between the Atlantic and' Medi- terranean, aiul finiflied in i -ji. From the port of Cette, in the Mediterranean, it croflcs the lake of Th^u, and, below Toiiloufe, ii cor-eyed by three flulccs into the Garonne. At St. Ferreol, near Revel, between two rocky hills, in the form of a <;r?(Ci:nt, is a large refervoir, 7100 feet long, 3000 broad, and 120 deep ; the wht'le furface being 687,43s feet. Into this bafin, the rivulet Laudor, which de- fccnds from the hills, is received and in- clofed by a wall, 24.00 feet l)ng, 132 high, and 14 thick ; having a ftrong dam fe* cured by a wall of freeftone. Under the dam runs an arched pallage, reaching to the main wail, where three large cocks of call brafs are turned and fliut by means of iron bars ; and thefe cocks dilcharge the water, throui^h mouths as large as a man's body, into an arched aqucdurt, where it ■ rufs through the ourcr wall, and when got beyond it, goes under the name of the river Laudot ; continuing its courfe to the canal called Ri^ole de la Plaine. Theucc it is conveyed to an )ther fine rtftrvoir near Nauroufe, 1200 feet long, zoo bro.id, and 7 deep; and out of thi-i bafin it i»| conveyed, by fluicc?, both to the Medi-j terrane.m and to the ocean, as the canal requires it. Th'nigh the cocks remain open for fome morths fu ceflively, yet there in nu vifible dJiiiinutioii of the \^tcr :!# I in the j^rcat rcfcrvoir. Near Btziers are tight iliiicts, which form i regular and lainl Cijicadc, r\x(< Ictt ion^;, and 66 iligil, y nitrtiis r>( wluch vttTils nuiy psl's croli, tiii: river Orli, and coiitiiinc tii>;ir voyaijc on the canal. Above it, L't'wteii Bcziers and Ga(icllan, is the M.ii-l'as, wheic the canal is conveyed fur the iem ;th of yjo feet, under a mountain cut into a very loftv arcade, the grcateft part of which is Lned with t'tecftunc, except tovvard the «n(), whi:rc it is only hewn tlirough the Tociv, which is of a foft inliiliureuus tub- l^aiicc. At Agde is a round lluicc, with three opcninjjs, three diffi.rcnt depths of the water niectiiij; there ; and tiie k;atcs ■re Co inj;enionily contrived, that viflcls may pafs through by op'.ning which lliiico the niafter pleafes ; an invention tiiat ftruck flic great Vauban hlmlelf with ad- miration. Tills canal coll Ibme'hing more than half a miiliiu llerlini!;, part ot which inoncy \%ak fiirnillied hv the king, and part by 'hie flates of Laniguciloc. The king gcncrouftv granted to Riqu-.t, the inventor and conductor, and his tnalc heirs; all th? jurifdiftion and revenues bclongini^ to it ; (o ti\at tl'.i: crown could not come into ppffclfion till the extinftijn of that line. The annual income \% ftatcd tobc;^94,5ro rterling, froti wiiich, dcduiSting the cur- tent expcnccs and repairs, the annuil net brolits lire upward of /i4,ooo ftcrling. The j^nh of fhi'- canal, from Touloul'c to H./ier-, V.herc it join-i the i.erOrb, is I ^a miles. " The I'yllem of inland na- vigation," fays Mr. Swin'iirnc, " has been fo much improved of late years, that J make no doubt but this canal would be fhortcucd many leagues, were it to We undertaken afrcfh. It is lull of angles and turns that do not appear necelTary } and, on the contrary, in one or two places, has been driven ftraight, at an enormous txpcnce, through numberlefs obllaclcs, when a fliort fwccp would have conveyed the waters, with greater cqfc and lefs ck- pencc, to the place of tlieir deftination. There arc i ^ locks tjpon it in fhi. fall to- ward the ocean, and 4; on the fide of the Mediterranean. The iitghcft point be- tween the two feas is at Naurouge, which h elevated more than joo yards above the level of each (hore. The canal is carried over thirty -fevcn aqueducts, and crollcd by eight bridges." Cananorf, a large feaport of the pe- ninfula of Hindooftan, on the coall of Ma- labar. It was ceded by Tippon Sultan to the Englilh E. India Company in 1792. Lot. 74. 10. E. lat. ij. o. N. Cava K A. a province in the pcninfula «f Hinduultan, on 'the cvift uf Malabar. It . 4t . » i. - U A N 1$ fnVijeft to Tippoo Sultan. Its mtJH northerly port is Onorc, in lat. 14. 16. N. Can Alii \, or the Grand Canary, the principal of the Canary I (lands, and that whitli gives name to the whole. The temperature of its air is delightful; its water plentiful aiul good : and abundance of trees, herbs, and delicious fruits, are found upon it. It ^ ahoiit 4a miles long, r.nA i; broad ; and lies 18 leagues VV. by S. of Fuertaveiiiura. Lo.n. 15. 34. W. lat. 28. 14. N. Ca.varv Islands, ancientljr <;all(Sd the Fortunate iflaods, arc fevcn in nuM- ber, lyinij; in the Atlantic Ocean, near the continent of Africa; namely, Palma, Fer- ro, Gomera, ToneritF, Canaria, Fuenaven- tura, and Lanccrota ;, tp which mav be added feveral I'lnallur illas, as Graciol'a, Koreas, Alltgran/.a, St. Clare, Inficrnp, and Lobos. They belong to the Spaniards, and produce barley, fugarcancs, and cxceU lent wine; and it i> thence that the Ca- nary birds originally came, Lon.from «;". to ti", VV; lat. fr'cin 27. 30, to 291 ^0. N. Canaky, the capital of the ifland of Grand Canary, x\ ith a biihop's fee, an in(]ui- ritiun,and the iupreine council of the Seven Klands. The calllc is leatcd on a hill. Mofl of the houfcs are well built, and the cathc • dral is handlV^me. The inhabitants arc gav and rich. The air is temperate. They have two wheat harvefts, in February ainJ May, and the corn makes bread as white as fnuw. They have aUb fugarhoufes, in vhich a gre.it quantity of fugar is made. The wine called Palm Sack has its name hence, as v.ell as common fack, often termed Canary. It is computed that 10,000 hogJhcaJs arc fent annually ta England in time of pc'acc. Lun. 15. 50. W. lat. 18. 4. N. Cancallk, a bay on »Ds, ancicmV *!il''< thence that the Ca- nary came. Lon.from tz". friTi 27. 30, to jg< 30. N. he capital of the ifland of u itii a bilhop's fee, an in(]ui- uprtme council of the Seven alllc is t'catcd on a hill. Mod e well built, and the cathc - le. The inhabitants arc gay le air is temperate. They it harvefts, in February and :orn makes bread as white as have alio fugarhoufes, in quantity of fugar is made. 'cd Palm Sack ha<; its name 11 as common fack, often ■y. it is computed that cads arc fcnt annually ta ie of pe'acc, Lun. ic. ^o. N. :, a bay on the coaft of Us E. uf St. MalocSf whare nade a deiccnt, under the lorough, in 175S, and hence iru the Hiipping at St. Ma- », a ricli trading town of )f a kingdom of tlie fame the Perfian and Mogul ach entire, it was the fron- rtrefs of Hindooftan toward > eftecmcd the kev of the ices of the latter, and fre- ;d raafters, although very ,tion, being I'urroundcd bv . I«*lri4; miles S. W. of )?. IS- E. lat. 33. o. N. I, a kingdom of Afia, bc- r Indus and Perfia, bouiiJ.- f Cabul, on the E. by Li- I, E. by Moultan, anU.i»rf tlie 1 CAN ~ CrO^ i fe' i i?i» » i li >_jai-jii i ui( i ) «i, .i i in »i -'j Ae W. by Perfia. The dominions of Ti- mur Shall Abd»Ha, the king of this coun- try, extend weftward to the neit',hb(>ur- hood of the city of Terlhilh •, intkuling Cabul, Peilhorc, Ghizni, Ginr, Sciltan, and Korafan ; a tradl, not Ids than 650 miles in kngtli ) its bri'adth unknown; «nd, on the E. fide of the Indus lif poC- felTcs the territory of Callinitre, and (omc tncnnlidcrablc diilritto above tt.c rity of Attock. Thel'e countriLS are all tailed by the general name of the country of the Abdalli. Ahmed Abdilla, the father of the prcfcnt lovcrcii'n, and founder of this kingdom, was originally the chief of an Afghan tribe, named Abdal (whence the name Abdalli) who was Itript of his country by Nadir Shah, and ccmntHcd to join the Perfian army in 1739. On the death of Nadir, he fuddcnly appeared among his former fubjciSts, and eretted for himlelf a confiderable kingdom in the ealtcrn part of Perfia, adding to it moft of the provinces to the W. of the IndiiE B-iKTON. See Dk 1: ion, C apt. ; and other Capes, in like manner, fee under their refpeftive names ; asGooDHoi'E, Cahe of, &c. CaPelle, a town of France, in the department of Airnf md late provir.ce of ficardy, ciglHiiiilci .^. ii. af Guile, taken CAR by the Spaniards in 1636. hut retaken the year after. L-m. 3. 50. E. lat. 49. 5 f.N. C.\i'KsTAv, a town of Franr:, in the department if Aule and late province of Languedics "car the river Aiule and the royal canal. Lon. 3. S. E. lat. 43. 21.N. Caim fAJJATA, a province of the king- dom of Naples, bounded on the N. by the gult[ of Venice, on the E. hy Tcrra-di- Bari, on the S. by Bililicaiaan'.l the Prin- cipato Uiteriorc,'ana on the VV. by the county di Molifeand .Abru/.zo. It is a level country, without trees; h-.s a faiidy foil, and a hot air ; the j||d, li-wcver, near the rivers, i^ fertile i^afturcs. The ca- pital is Manfredonit. Capo Imno, a barran rork in the ter- ritory of the Genocfe, with a calile on its eaftern peak. Near it is a harbour of the fame name, 13 miles E. by S. of Genoa. Capo d'Istria, a ronfiderable towa of Italy, in Iftria. on the culf of Triefte, \yith a bilhop's fee, fuhjett to the Vene- tians. The air is w holtf(;me and tempe- rate ; its principal revenue confifis in wine and fait. It is eight miles S. of Triefte. Lon. 14. 6. E. Iat7 45, 49, N, CAPRAi.A,an ifle in the Tufcan Sea, to the N.E, of Corfica, on which it depends. It is populous, has a llrong caftle, and is 15 miles in circumference, Lon, 10, o, E. lat. 43. 5. N. Capri, an ifland of the Mediterranean, in the kingdom of Naples, oppufite So- rcnto, famous for being the retreat of the emperor Tiberius, A vaft quantity of quails come here every year, f. rming the I'rincipal revenue of the billiop, who is hence called the Bilhop of Quiils, It i» five miles in length, and two in breadth, Capri, the capital of an illand of the fame name, in the Tufcan Sci, wiiii a bidiopric and a caftle. It was once a de- lightful place, and cmbellif.Tbd with mag- niiicent works, which were dcmolilhed after the death of Tiberius. Ljn. 14, S. E. lat. 40. II. N. Capua, a town of the kingdom of Naples, with an archbifliop's fee. It is two miles from the ancient Capua, and was built out of its ruins. Ir is the placa where Hannibal and l.is officers trifled away their time in pleafure, during « hich the Romans recovered from their conftrr- iiation after the battle of Cannai. It -^utit. taken by the : Hies in 1707 ; and is ^ffatvd on the river Voiturno, ijniiles N. n/Na- , pics. Lon. 14. iq. E. lat, 41. 7. N. '*' Caracas, Carac^os, or Stj'J-UAM df: LKON,aconriderable town of S. Ame- rica, in Terra Firma. Tr wa" piunden cnld, that when Alexander the Great b:ithcd in it, it threw him into a danj^erous difcafe. The cm- ptrof BarbarotTu was killed by it on his ref.irn from the Holy Land, in 1 100. Carasu MKr'TKo, a river of Roma- ni;i, in Turkey in Enrope, which takes its rift in Mount Rhodolpho, and falls into the Artliijiclago. Cakasdi, a lake in Bulgaria, faid to he ; t, miles in circumference, and to cc^n- t.iin feviral iflands. It is formed by a branc'i of the Dpnube, not far from its en- trance into the Blnck Sea. Carav'acca, or The Cross of Caravacca, a town of Spain, among the mountains near the river Scgura, in Muicia. Tiiey pretend to have a crofs liere, brought by an angel to aprieO, who w-is ying to fay niafs to a Moorilh king. It 15 ;o miles N. W. of Carihagena. Lon. t. c. \V. lat. 38.5. N. Cakc^ssone, an ancient and rich iown of Franct;, ir. tfee department of Audc and late* .province of Lang\icdoc, with a bilhop's fee* It is divided into the Upper and LowerjTown by the Aude, over which is a l.andfomc lioiie bridge. In the Upper Town are a ftrong caftle and the cathedral. The Lower -Town is fijuare, regular!)- built, and kept very neat, l)y means of aa aqucduff, which brings the Water of the Aude to different foun- tains. This part is modern ; but the V i.)per Town, which is alfo called the Otv, is very ancient, and in the calUc arc prclerved ionic old records written otvilie CAR bark of tree*. They have manuf«ftur« of all forts of cloth. It is 15 miles VV. of Narbonne, and 40a S. of Paris. Lon. 1. 25. E. lat. 43. 14. N. Cardiff, a borough of Glamorgan- ftire, with two markets, on Wcdnefday and Saturday. It isfeatcdontherivcrTaafe, over which is a handlome bridge, and u a large, compaft, will-bi'ilt town, having two parilhes,a cartle, a wall, tmdfour gates. It has a confidcrable trade with Briliol ; for veflTela of fm.dlcr burden may come to the bridge, it has but one church, the water having deflroytd the other. The conftable of the caftk is the chief nugiHrate, whom they call mayor : befidc him, are twoi bailiifs, a rcconler, 12 aldermen, and II commoi> council-men. Here the alFucs and feilions for the county arc held. Near it arc fome iron-work j and a canal, ir, miles in extent, has been lately completed from this town to the iron-works at Mtr- thyr-TidviL In the ancient caftle, died Robert, the dcix)fed duke of Normandy, tided fon of William the Conqueror, after having been cruelly blinded, and confined 28 years, by his brother Henry I. Cardiff is 12 miles E. of Cowbridge, and 164 W. of London. Lon. 3. it. W. lat. 51. 30. N. CARniCAK, tht county to^vn of Car- diganfhire, with a market on Tucfday and Saturday. It is a populou'; well-buils town, pleafantly fitiutcd o.i the river Tyvy, over which is a handfome ftone bridge. It fends one member to parlia- ment, and is 33 miles N. E. by E. of St. David's, and 225 W. N. VV. cf London. Lon. 4. 38. W. lat. 52. 10. N. Cardiganshire, a cointy in South Waies, bounded on the N. by a fmall part of Mcrionethfliire and Montgomery- Uiirc ; on the E. by Radnorfliire and Bicckiiockfliire ; on the S. by Carir.ar- thenlhire and a fmall part of Pcrr.broke- fiiirc ; and on the W. by Cardigan Bay in St. George's Channel. It «&tends 42 miles in length from N. to S. and to in breadth from E. to W. and is divided into five hundreds, which contain fix rinarket- towns, and 64 Parities. It lies in the diocefeof St. David's, and fends tv?o mem- bers to parliament, one for the county, and one for Cardigan. The air is milder here than in moft parts of Wales. To the S. and W. are plains fruitful in corn ; but the N. and E. parts are a continued ridgs of mountains, which, compared with the reft, arc bleak and barren : yet, in the vvorft parts of this county, there are paf- turcs in which arc bred flocks of fliecpand large herds of cattle Here is alfo plenty of tame and wild fowl ; and qear the rivers are IC A R They have manuf»^ure« luth. It is 15 miles VV. of 40a S. of Paris. Lon. 1. 14. N. a borough of Glamorgan- o markets, on Wcdnel'day t isieatcdonthcrivcrTaafc, ;i hancllomc bridge, and m dt, \vill-bi>ilt town, having caftlc, a wall, and four gates. dsrable trade with Brillol ; 'm.dlcr burden may come to t has but one church, the dcftroyed the other. The e caftk IS the chief magitlratc, all mayor ; bcfidc him, are L rcconler, iz aldermen, and )uncil-men. Here the alFucs )r the county arc held. Near ron-work ; and a cinal, 25 nt, has been lately completed Ml to the irjn-works at Mcr- lu the ancient cadle, died Uiwfed duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror, after cruelly blinded, and confined his brother Henry I. Cardiff of Cowbridge, and 164 W. Lon. 3. II. W. iat. 51. \K, tht. county to^vn of Car- vith a market on Ti:efday and It is a, populou^. wcll-buils antly fituated 0.1 the river ' which is a handfomc (lone fends one member to parlia- s 3 3 miles N. E. by E. of St. d 1* 5 W. N. VV. cf London. W. Iat. 51. 10. N. ANSHiRE, a CO inty in South mded on the N. by a fmall rionethlhirc and Montgomery- tlic E. by Radnorfliire and hire ; on the S. by Carmar- id a Imall part of Pctr.broke- on the W. by Cardigan Bay gc's Channel. It attends 42 ngth from N. to S. and to in Ti E. to W. and is divided iiito ds, which contain fix tharket- 64 Parilhcs. It lies in the . David's, and fends twomem- iament, one for the county, and digan. The air is milder here )ft parts of Wales. To the S. e plains fruitful in corn ; but E. parts arc a continued ridgs ns, which, compared with the leak and barren : yet, in the of this county, there are paf- rch arc bred flocks of (heep and of cattle Here is alfo plenty 1 wild fowl i and qear the river$ are CAR are great numbers of otters. In the val- leys are feveral lakes. The mountains abounds with veins of lead and filvcr ore ; a ton of which laft will yield 70 ounces of filver. The mines have been vvorked feveral times to great iiilvantagc j and, particularly, fir Hugh Middlcton is faid to have cleared loool. a iiiunth, for feve- ral years together, whiili enabled him to bring the New River water to Lonilon; but ne expended the whole on thatjreat objeft. The principal rivers are the Tyvy, the Rydal, and the Iftv.ith. Cardigan Bay, on the coaft of Car- diganlhire, at the mouth uf the Tyvy, ex- tending to Barfey idand in Cirnarvonlhirc. It is 40 miles from one cape to the other, and affords good flielfer for (hips. Cardona, a handfome townof Spain, in Catalonia, with a ftrong caftlc. Near it is an inexhauftible mountain of h\r, of I'cvcral colours, but which, when wallied, becomes white. There are alio vineyards, which produce excellent wine, and very lofty pine-trcei. It is feattd on an emi- rence, near the river Cardenero, 30 miles N. W. of Barcelona. Lon. 1. 30. E. Iat. 41. 36. N. Car ELI A, the eaftcrn part of Finland ; belonging partly to the Swedes, and partly to the Ruffians. See Finland. C A RENT AN, a town of Prance, in the department of the Channel and late pro- vince of Normandy, with an ancient catlJe } light miles from the fea, and 95 W. of Rouen. Loil. i. 4. VV. Iat, 49. 16. N. Cariati, a towp of the kingdom of Naples, with a biHiop's fee, two miles from the gulf of Taraiito. Lon. 17. ig. E. Iat. 39. 35. N. Caribbee Islands. See Indies, West. Carignano, a to\vn of Piedmont, in a diftrift of the fame name. It is feated "h the river Po, three miles S. of 'xurin. Lon. 7. 4;. ii. Iat. 44. 57. N. •* Cariman Java, a clutter of i/lands to the N. of Java, at the principal of which European fliips touch for rcfrcth- ments, in their voyage to Borneo. Lon. J 10. 12. E. Iat. 5. 56. S. Carinola, an epifcopal town of the kingdom of Naples, near Mount Malfico, 25 miles N. W. of Naples. Lon. 14. 18. \E. laf. 41. 15.N. Carinthia, a duchy of Germany, in the dominions of Auftria, bounded on the N. by Auftria, on the E. by Stiria, on the S. by Carniola and Friuli, on the W . by Tirol and the archbilhopric of Saltz- burg. It abounds in corn. Clagenfurt is the capital. Cakisbrook Castle, an ancient caf. CAR tic, near Newport, in the Iflr of VViirht, the plact where Ciuirks l.uas impriCunuJ in 1647. Lon. i. 1;. W. Iat. 50. 40. N. Cahisto, \n epifcopal town of Greece, in the callern part of the ifland ot Negro- pjnt. Lon. 14. 45. E. Iat. }S, 4. N. Cari.inokord, a fcapon of Iiclsnd, on C.irliiigford Bay, in the county of Lowtli, 11 miles N. ( f' Drogheda. Lon. 6. o. \V. ht. 54. II. N. Carlisll, an ancient city of Cum. bcrland, of which it is the cip.ral, with a markit on Saturday. ^ is walled round, and is picafantly (itua^Biib'jvf ri rich tradt of nicadjw', bordering the Etlcn anj two other rivers, which liere unite their ftream-.. The gates oi'this city are c;'lled the Englilh, Iriili, and Scjtch. It hat ^ cxftle, which lUnds on the \V. lidc of tiie "nvn : the lioul'es art well built, and tl.c eathe- dral is a ftately llrui'liirc. Carlillc has a confi Itrabic m.iniifddtorv of primed linuiis and checks, and is noted tor tin." making of whips and lilh-h\x)ks. It wns taken by the rebels in 1715, but retaken by the duke of Cambeiland. It fend, two mem- bers to parii anient ; and is (So miles S. of Edinburgh, and joi N. N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 1. nj. W. Iat. 54. ■■,(<. N. '' Car lisle, the county to>"nof Cum- btrlind, in the ibtc of Pennfylvauia, in N. America. It contains 3 places of wor- Ihip, about 300 ftone houles, and i ^ao inhabitants. They haveallb a court-houl'e and a college. Thirty -fix years ago, this fpot was a wildernef», inhabited by Indians an;i wild beafts. A like inftance of the rapid progrefs of the arts of civi- lized life IS fcarcely to be found in hiflory. It is 100 miles W. by N. of Philadelphia. Lon. 77. 30. VV. Iat. 40. 10. N. Carlowitz, a town of Europe, in Sclavonia, remarkable for a peace con- cluded here between the Turks and Gtr- mans in idSg. It ii feated on the Danube, 38 miles N. W. of Belgrade. Lon. 10. 5. E. Iat. 44. 45. N. Carlscrona, or Carlscroon, a feaport of Sweden, in the province of Blekingen. It derives its origin and name from Charles Xl. who laid the founda- tion of a new town in 1680, and removed the fleet from Stockiiolm to this place, on account of it* advantageous fituaticn in the centre of the Swcdifli feas, and the fuperior lecurity of its harbour, which i« large and commodiou';, with futScitnt depth tf water for firH-rate Ihips to carry their lower tier of guns. The entrance into this harbour, which is extremely dif- ficult, fro'.n a number of fli :als a mI rocky lands, is ftill farther defended by two lironj^ forts, each built '.na-a iftand, unde.' 1 1 I 10 CAR the ba»terie» of \\liich a'l vcflTch miift pifs. Tlic i;iA.\tVft (>;irt <'f the t'HMi ftands upon a Ini.V.I r,cl._v illand, which rifts gcnilv 111 .1 1> y of the Hihic : the fiihiiibii txtcml uvci' another fniall rock, xna iiloii}; the iiioic, cK.ic to tl'.c hafin vlicrc the tlcLt iu indnrtd. The \v;.y iiKd the town, from the main I iiul, ii. car- ricd over a dike to an nlmd, nml ihtncc ,aiong two lopi; wo. dell iiridges joined by a barren rock'.' The town is fpacious contains about iS.ooo inhabitants, and is adorned with a few toleral)le lioufes of \)ritk, the };enerahty of U.c iinufes bc- hig of wood! The riiburbs are fortified, was taken by tlic French in lOyi, towaid the land, I'v a ftone wall. For nierU, vtllVU in tins port, when earcijicd and n paired, were laid upon tlieir fides in the open harl'our, uniil a dock was liol- lowed in the fulid ntk, in 17 Hi capable of receiving a hrft-rate tn.in of war. According to the orii;in;d pirn, it was iiv- tendtd to conftru.M -io d>cks, for build- ing ami layint; up the largelt (hips, at the i>onc bridge, to which Imali vc: extremity of The harbour. A large bafm, come up. U was once fortifit capable of contaiiunj; two men of war, was cicfigned to cummunicate, by (luiccs, with tw'o fmnller bafiiis, from each of which were to extend, like the radii o!" a circle, five rows oi covered docks ; each row to be I'cpai ifed by wall< of hom , and each dock to be provided with (luice;;arcs, fo as to be filled or emptied by pump'--. Clofe to the docks, matv^/ines for naval ftorcswcre to bcconftrueied ; the whole CAR painted. The cjiilcopal palace is alfo of wiKid. but not painted ; and has fuch an txtenlive front, ami fo many windows, as to look like a manufactory. The tou n con- tains I soo inh ibitants, who carry on a trade in iron and wcrful acrol's the like Wenner. It is 153 miles W . of Stock- holm. Lon. I?. 4}. v.. lat. <;.). 16. N. CARisiAPr, a town of C>erin:inv, in the bilhopric of VVurtfhurg, feaied on the nvcr Maine, 16 miles N. of Wurtiliuii;. Lon. 9. II. P.. lat. 49. r6. N. Cakmagmoi.a, a tradinf; town of riedmnnt, which h,.s a ftron^^ citadel, and hut retaken the lame year. Jt is feated on a Imall river, which runs into the I'o, 14 miles S. of Turin. Lon. 7. 45- ^- '■"• 44- 51. N. Carmauthen, the county town of Carmarthenlhire, with two markets, on Wednefd-y and Saturday. It is feated on the river Towy, over which is a large ITels may d with a wall and a ftrong calUe. It is a well- built, populous town, iifiially reckoned the ih^ in S. Wales. It fends one mem- ber to parliament, and is ;4 miles S. K. of Cardigan, and 107 W. by N. of London. Lon. 4. ij. W, lit. !;i. 52. N. Cakmartiienshikf., a county of S. A\'a!es, 4s miles in length, and ii; in bi cadth. Jt is bounded bv Cardigandiirc on the N. the Briftol Channel on the S. Breck- tobe inclefed by a ftone wall. Tiie project n.-ck and (ilamorganfliirc on the E. and V as begun in ^^=.^ ; but it was nci^lerte-il till the accctTion of the late Giiftavus III. >vho warmly patroni/ed the arduous un- dertaking. The firrt dock was fiuiilitd in i77v,"and gives a complete idea of the cxpence and greatnefs of the ])lan. The bottom and fides are of hewn granite : rows of grai\itc pillan fupport the roof, tind bear rather the appearance of a colon- Fembrokeihire on the W. It is fruitful in corn and grafs, having many pleafant and rich meadows ; alio wood, coal, and fea-liih, cipecially falmon. The air is mild and whv'lelbme, it not being fo mountain- ous as the other counties of Wales. Jt con- tains 141; parilhcs, eight market-towns, and fends two membtis to parliament, one for the county, and one for the ihire- nade to a temple, than a receptacle for town. fliip--,. But the progveis made in this vaft Carmei., a mountain in Paleftine, '' " noted for being the retreat of the prophet Elias, and for a monaftcry of Carmelites. It is covered by fhruhs and groves, which 2 *5 I undertaking has hiiherto been to (low, that it is thought a century will clr.pli: be- fore it can be completed. Carlicrona is o miles S. W. ot' StuckhoiHi. Lon. i 5. E. lat. ?6. 10. N. CARt.sTADT, the capital of Croatia. and ufual refidence ot the governors of the province, on the river Kulp, mo miles S. of Vienna. Lon. 15. li. E. lit. 46. B. N. CaiW-STADT, a town of Sweden, in VVermeland. on the ifland of Tingwalla, which i'. formed bv two branches of the Clara Elb. The ftreers are broad and ttraijilif- Tlis Uoulcs iuc built of wood and flielter game of every kind. Caumona, a town of Jtaly, in Friuli, on a mountain near the river Jndri. It btlr.ngs to the houfe of Auftria, and is (even miles N. W. of Goritz. Lon. 13. 23. E. lat. 4ft. 2:. N. CARMONA.an ancient town of Spain, in Andalufia. The gate toward Stvilie is one of the mod; extraordinary pieces of antiquity in all Spain. It is 25 miles E. of Seville. Lon. 4. .;8. W. lat. 37. 24. N'. Caknakvon, a pkafaut well-built tOwa CAR cjiircnpal palarc is nlf.i nf painicd ; iiiul has Ciiili an , ami (o many windows, as :iruifaftt(iry. The tou n tun- hibltanti, who carry on a anil wcrful acrol's the like is 1 13 mills W. of Stock- ?. 4 J. K. lat. i;.). i6. N. r, a town of (jciin.inv, in f VViutfbiirj;, Itatid nii tlif '> miles N. of Wurtfbur,l^ lat. 49. c6. N. 1(1 1. A, a trailing town tif icli li.is a fttoiig citadil, anH the French in iftyi, hut mt year. Jt is feated cm a ivhich runs into the I'o, 14 iii.n. Lon.7. 45. E. lai. 44. 11 FN, the county town of hire, with two nmrkcis, on and Saturday. It is (cated Tin\ y, over which is a large , to wliich fmall velTcls may It was oiicc fortified with a ig callic. It is a \ve!l- oiis town, ufually rtckoncd . Wales. It fends one mein- nicnr, ami is 14 miles S. E. of nd 207 W. by N. of London. \V. l.r. :;i. 52. N. TiiENsmuK, a county of S. miles in length, and le, in is bounded by Cardiirandiirc on Inftol Channel on the S. Hrttk- ilamorganfliirc on the E, and lire on the W. It is fruitful 1 f^'rals, having many pleafant cadows ; alfo^wood, coal, and ecially falmon. The air is mild mt, it not beins (o mountain- htr counties of U'alei. It eon- rilhes, eight market-towns, and niembcis to parliament, one anty, and one for the Ihire- ., a mountain in Paleftine, ;ing the retreat of the prophet or a monaftcry of Carmelite^. A hy fhruhs and grov.s, which e of every kind. ■J A, a town of Italy, in Friuli, tain near the river Indri. It the houfe of Auftria, and is N. \V. of GoritJt. Lon. 13. 46. 2 --. N. l oil all fides, except the E. by the I'la and twu rivers. It has a calile f rtiriarkal)le gran- di ur, bui.t by l'.dw..r.l I. the conc|iierijr of Wales, in whiJi he i; ive the W'lllh, acciiriln\i; to his ei[iiiv"..iling prumile. a n-.ti.e prince for itteir l"'ntriii,n, in the pi rion of his unfortunate lon, Edward 11. who was born in ihii cadlc. Carn.irvnn lends one member to parliainent, and is governed by the court ible of the cilile, w'l I, bv patent, is always mayor. It is iLven miles S. W. of linu^or, and 2i;i N, W. of London. L'li. 4. 10. W. iat. 53. 8. N. CARNARVoN'siiiitK., a County of N. Wales, ^o miles in lenutb, and ij in breadth. It is bouiultil on the W. aad W.'by the lea, on the S. by Merinneihlliirc, and on the E. hy Denbighfhire, The air is Iharp and cold ; this eotinty beinj; the mod rii;.;- ged and truly Alpine diftriLtoI N. Wales. Its central part is entirely occupied by the famed Snowdon, and the fever.d crag- gy Itimtnits, deep dells, moors, chalnib, ..nd lakes, which conltitute its ilr.ary re- gion. The woods which once clothed tliis iraft arc now no more. Cattle, fhcep, and goats are almoft if; fole ri.ral riche . Thtje are fed, during the ruiinier, very high on the mountains, tendtd by their owners, who relide for that feafoii in tem- porary huts, and make butter and cheele for their own conluinpiion. The vales yield a little gra'.s for bay, which is got in without the aid of wheel carnages, the uneven furface of the ground not admit- ting their ule. The inii ibitatitt, who Jive in a ftatc of the utmolt finiplicity, manu- fafture their clothes from the wool of their own llocks. A little natincal, added to the produce '>f their dairies, cmiftitutcs their lood. The profpeits around are rude and lavage in the highelt degree ; but not without a mixture of beautv, when the dimcnfions of the vales admit the varieties of wood, water, and tnea- dows. In fomc of the lakes are found the char, with the g'vvniad, another Al- pine ftfh. Fo3;cs are tlie chief wild ani- mals. Many rare vcgctJ'.blcs, met with only on the iTioil el vitcd fpots, grow hero. Copper mines Iw.ve been woiked if. various pirts of thtlc mountains, and arc at prclenr aboitt l.lanbenis. Oliier places afford lead ; and (]uaniities of ftone, excellent fir hr.nes, arc dug ne ir S.iow- donj to the bkak. region of which the vale CAR of Conwny below, in' fertility and ht.iufy, forms a very pltafing contrdL CHrnarvnn- (liire eontatn> lix market -toaiis, 6S (la. inhis, and lends one 11 embei- to parlian.ent for till- county, and one for C^rnirvon. • Causa rif, rut, a country of the pcninl'uli of HindoolKin, extemlmg fioin the Guntoor Ciicar, alon; the whole foall of CoroiTi iiidel, to C.ij^e Comorin ; incliidin,; its appenilages, wluth arc Tan- jorc, Marav.ir, Tritehino;Klv, Madura, and Tine^clly. It \\ 5:0 inik's 1:1 length from N. to S. but no where more tbin 1:0, and commonly 7^ nules wide. Tiie revenue of the foverci.'^n, v/Iiu is cali.il na!)ob of Arcot, is ilated at i,i;oo,oocl. per nnn. out of whieli he p.ws a ftiblidv of i^'O.ocol. to the E. India Company, to- ward the expenec of tlieir nulit irv ella- blilhment. The Hritilh i)"lTellions in the Carnatic are comincd chieiiy to the trait called the I 1 'iiire, which exlenel» io3 milfs along the coall, and 47 inland in the widcft part ; i' ; annual revmue 1 i;o,oocl. There is,beruhs, a land revenue of 7 2 5,oocl. dependent 011 Madras. Tile Cunutic is a rich, tertile, and populous country, and contains an incredilde number of for- tieffes. Public m -nuinents too, the iinv- tiuivocal marks of I ivih/.ation and ojiulencr, are more coiniiion here than in the N, parts of India. In 17S7, the E. India Company toolt the whole ai'.rainiftration of the Cariiatir, and the collecHon of the nabob's revenues, into their own hands j on whiih account his higbnel's inftitut- ed a fuit in tJie Rritidi court of Chan- cery againll the company, and likcwife jjrefcnted a petition for redreli, to the Houfe of Cjiiiiinns, Carskm, \, a province of Gcrmanv, in the territories of the houle of AuHria, bounded on the N. bv Carinthia and Sti- ria, on the E. by Sei^vonia and Croa-ia, on the S. I'v Morlathia and Iltria, and on the W. by Fiiuli. It is full of rocks and mountains, but producci corn, wine, and • oil. Lauliuch is the capital. Carolina, a ciiuntry of N. America, divided into X. and S. and foiuprehcndiii:; two of the United States. It is boiiniled oil the N. bv Virginia, on the E. by the occioi, on the S. by Florida, siul on the W. by Louiliana, lying between 30 ar . 3^ de- grees N. lat. The chief produce is to- bacco, indigo, snd rice. 7 he MiiiniN, trees, fruits, and plants, are much, the fame as in Virginia. They- hue bear., whole llelh is el'eemcd^jood (pl^nK ; and they make bins of their legs, Uedlc thefc th'.v have wikl ears, wolves, a lore of tiifors, beavers, otters, nulk-rstlj c.p- poiVuint), rtieueius, minx.s, a kii'.d of' t.i. . \ i bus 1 CAR bhi J r!l(j, differint from the European ; tttgi, fallow. rts of imiir- r*U, fi)iit», snH two fcirts of rars, I'lic biriU are In numtrou:;, that it wouM l>c ttfili'i'.n to nu'ntioii their nAines ; and tnric aic m-ivy lorn of fi(h(^, iiiii"- un- kniivvii tr) Eiirmie. Tlieir native friiiti «rc chittlv pcHihc, hut tliev h.ivf fome of the belt fi 'iiti traiifplantcJ from Eu- rope, which thrive well. C.VRPATHI ■<•< MOVNTAINS, moun- tairn whic:i divid,' Hungary atid Trnnlyl- vania from P ilaiul. Catpf.ntras, an epidopal town of Frimec,in ihc I I'c provinc- of l'ro\ ence.and capital of Vtniiirtn. Before tlir Into revo- lution, ic \' 3'. ful jc6t to the piipf, and is feated on flie river Anfon, at tlic f^ot of s mountain, 14 miles N. E. of Avignon. t,on. e,. 6. E. Ut. 44. S. N. Carpi, a town <>( Italy, in the duchy of MoHena, with a eaftlc, ci£;ht milc» N. of Modtna. Lun. 11. i6. F. lat. 4). 41. N. Carpi, a town of Italv, in the Vcro- rcfe, n,tni''rablc f ^r a vi^kory gained by the IniperialiiU ovrr the Fron'-h in 1701. It is feated on the Adij;c, 14 miles S. E. of Verona. L,on. 11. 39. E. lat. 45. 10. N. Caurick, tS' fouthern civifion of Ayrihire, in Scotland, divided from the diftria of Ky!c by the river Doon. Car RICK OS Sure, a town of Ire- land, ill Tipperary, 14 miles N. W. of W'aterfnrd. Lon. 7. 10. VV. la:. 51. 24- N. CARRTCKFrnct''. a bnroui;h of Ire- land, in the rouiuy of Antrim, It is rich and populou,, with a good hsrbour and a caftir, and \i. feated 1 n ab;iy of the Irilli Channel of the lame name ; ^5 miles N. of Dublin. Lon. 5. 46. W. lat. 54. 4,.N. ' Car It ON', a river of Stirlinplhire in SrotI ind, which rifcn on the S. fide of the Ca'npfcy llills, and flows into the frith of Forth, bejow Falkirk. Two miles from its fourcf"', it forms a fine rafcadf, failed the Fall of Auchinlilly ; and "n its banks arc the celeb .ared Carron Works. * Carron Works, an cxtenfivc foundry, bel ongin;^ to the Carron Corn- pany, and fea'cd on the river Carron, one mile from Falkirk. This foundry con- firtsof the erei'tf-ft iron wcrks in Europe. All forts oF iron goods are made in it, from the moft triflme; article fur domeftic Xifc, to 9 cannon that difchargcs a ball of 4< pound';. Above a thoufand men are hcr« employed; and hence a great quan- tity of large c.mnon nre exported to RtifTn, Germany, and other foreign parts. CAR Thefe workt were crcfted in 1761 t be- fore which time tht-re wai not a Tingle hc.uff on the fiwt. " Thefe forger, " f.iy% Mr. Gilpin, " exhibit a fet of infcrnil ideas. In one place, where coal it con- vcrtfd into coak, by ihfchui^ing it of it» fulphur, and the fire fpread of rourd- over a larjjc furface, the volumes of fmoke, the (piry ilamr', and the fuff icatini; hc't of the glimmerini; air, are wonderfully affeAim,'. How vaft the fire i*, we mav conceive, when we are told, thit it oft':n confiimc* 100 tons of coal in a day. At nif^hr, its plarc i-: inconceivably grand. The malVy bclK wj which inufe the fur- naeeii are put in motion by witrr, and rc- ccivini^ the air in l.irgc cylind'.rs, force it out ajjain throuph fmall orifices, roarini; with aftdnidiing noile. The fire of the furnace thus roufed, becomes a plnwini; fpor, which the eye can no more look at tlian at the fun. Under fuch intenle heat, the rufjged ftone inftaiitly diffolvrs in Urcams of litjuid iron." The lliorr piece of ordnance, called a carronade, and intr.idiiccd into the navv in the laic war, wiij rirrt made here, and hence rcceivt'l its n^me. Carsiiai.ton, a villii^e in Surry, fi- tMated S. W. of Croydon. It lies a- nioni^ many lprin.;s, •.•hich, joininj; others from Croydon and Bcddingti>n, form a river, in the very ftrect, called the Wandie. ' Cart, the name of two rivtrs ef Rcnfrewlhirc, in Scotland. diftingui'Iud bv the nppellaiions of B/iui and lyh/t-. The Black Cart ilTucs from the lake callul Lochwinnoch, or Cafile Sample Loch ; the White Can dcfcend* from the N. K. ans^lc of the county ; .ind, uniting their ftrcams, thi y boiii (1 w into the Clyde, near Renfrew. OppolUc this town, in the road to Port Olalgow. is a hundfome bridge of ten arches, built cxadly at the confluence of thefe two river'. Three road^ meet upon th's brirf\;e, fo thst it has three ends or entrances. Cartama. a town if Spain, in Gra- nada, af the fill" '•'. a mountain near tin- river Gua.'sla Medina, ciL-iir rriles N. W. "f iMalaga. Lou. 4. 43. W. lat. 36. 40. N. ■ Cnp.terkt Isi.Avn, an ifland of the S. Pacilic Oc;;an, fecn by c iptain Car- teret in 1767 It is about 6 leagues long from E. to W. Lon. 159. 14. E. lat. 8. lb. S. CaRthaot, a ftmous town of Afriri, which once difputed the empire of the world with Rome, but was at length le- velled with the ground by the Romans. Some of the ruins are to be feen on tlic coail of the Mcdittrranean, 10 miles N. E. of IC A R ivcrc frcf\tA in 176 1 i he- me thi-rc W11 not a finjjle [xit. " Theft forges, " fiji " exhibit 3 fef of infcrnil 1: place, where coal n con- Uk, by *.t(Kjk it. It i« feared on a gulf of the fame nimr, 1 7 miles S. of Murcia. Lon. o. 30. W. lat. 37. iS.N. Cartmaoena, a lariri ''ich, and Urnng town of S. America, 011 the dull of Terra Firma, with a bi(hop'» fee, and one of the biH harbours in Anitrica. The entrance is fo narrow, tha- only one Iliip can enter at a tiine ; and it is defend- ed by tliree forts All tlie revenues of the kmp of Sriain from New Granada and Terra Firma, arc brought 1 lii.iutifiil biiy, interlpcifid with fniill ifiaiids. Lon. hn. 30. W. lat. 44. C \ s 01 .V, (,» C A sw I N', a eon fidi ruble town of I'lrfii, III Ir.ic Antiiii, where feveraloP the kings of Perfii have refided. The hiulisare litlow the furfite of the e.irth. The air is fubjci'^ to fuch fudden ch.ingts, from heat to cold, and the contrarv, that it is viry unw)ii>Jefomc for lUanj^er*. Nadir Shah built a p:;l,iee here, intfoftd by a wall a mile and a lialf iii 1 ircuinftr- ence ; ami the to*vn iscntinledby o'.ie four milts in cirtuir. It carries on a great trade, and ii fiatcrf near tlic hijjh mountain Klwend, uht.rc there are fine quarries of white marble, 180 miles N. of llpJiaii. L'jn. 52. 16. E. lat. 3<. 30. N. Cascais, a t- a of Portugal, in Ef- tramailura, at tlu iiiuuth of the T.ij", 17 niiles R. of Liftjyn. Lou. H. 43. W. lat. 3^- 4"- N. Cas( tiAW, or Cassovia, a towti of Upper llungarv, on the rivt-r Horat, 11^ milts N. E. of Buda. Lon. ii. 25. E, lat. JS. 46. N. Cash 1:1., a town of Ireland, in the county of Tippirary. with an archbifliop'* fee, 13 miles N. W. <,f Clonmel. Lon. 7. 3i- VV.lat. ;i. I'l. N. VasUAS. SeeCM'HAV. Cashi;i;!<,« kingdom of Ada, In Tar- tary, otluTwife called Litih; Uokliaria ; bounded on rhc N. by the Calinucs and Monguls, on the E. by Thibet and the deferts of Gtbi. en the'S. bv Hindooftan, from which it is fepanted'by the high mountains of Hindoo-kc, and on the W. by Great Bokliari.i. Tins country is po. •puloiis and fertile, but the air is c;;ld, on account of the mountains. Here are rich mines of gold and filver, whieh the na- tives do not work, becaule thev are cm- ployed wholly in feeding ratrlo. The miilk-animals are found in this eounrrv ; and they have feveral precious (lonts bc- fide diamonds, t- Cashcuh, a town of»'^/ia, capital of a kingdom of the f?me njimc. It Tands at t|»e toot of the itKJUntains, and enjrvi i 4 a good i C A ^ a p;ond trsi^e with the ncighhounn? conn- tries. The hoii'ls urc of flonc, and very good. Both Ci-xes drcfs nlike. Thtir complexion is fivrirthv, and they h;ivc all black luir. Lin. 73. 25. E. lat. 41. ' Cashmerf, a province of Hindoo- ftan Pro|ui-, IV.lj.ft to the ki>gofCan- jdahar. It is bounded on th.c W. by the Indus, onihc N. hy the Indian C'aiK>>rus, I i.e and on the E. and S. by Lahore, country is cclcbr.'.tcd for its Tomantic btautitii, the fertiliiy of ihc foil, r.nd the temptrature of the aiinofphcrc. Tlicfc particulars may bo ;iccountcJ for, \>'!icn It is confidered, tha*^ it is an eUvated and extenllve valley, ftirroundtd by ftei-p mountains, fliit tower above the region;; cf fnow ; and that iis foil is compofed of the nnid depofited by a capital river, vhith originally formed i* . waters inio a jakc, that covered the wh^iw" vallev, un- til it opened itfelf a pnAa^c through the monntoins. and left this fertilized valley an ample field to human induftry. " Al- though this account," f:iyq, major Ren- neli, " has no living 'eftinunv t^) fupport . it, yet hiftory and tradition, and what is yet ftronger, appcavincrs, have imprclud a conviiftion of its truth on the minds of all who have vifred the fcene, and fon- templar.-id the different parts of it." The periodical rains, which almoft deluge the reft of India, are (hut (.ut of Calhaiere by t^ height of the mountains, fo that only light (liowers "fall there. Tiiefe, however, are fufficiently abundant to feed fonie thouf>inds of caftades, wl;ich are precipitated into the valley, from every part of the ftupcndous and roman- tic bulwark that encircles it. The foil is the richeft that ran be conceived, and Its produftions thjfc of the temperate ?one< A vaft number of fjj-rtms from all quarters of the valley, bring their tribute to the Chclum, the parent of the foil, and a large navigable river. Many fmall lakes are fpread over the furface, and fomc of tliijni contain floating id mds. In a word, the fyfenc is beautifully pifturefque, and a part of the romantic circle of mountains makes up a portion of every landfcape. The fupcrftition of the inhabitants has multiplied the places of worlhip of Maha deo, Befchan, and Brama. All Callimere js holy land, and miraculous fountains abound. But to one dreadful evil they are conftantly fubjci>, namely, earih(|uakes; and, to guard ag.iiiift the moft terrible ef- fcf.H, alt their houfes are built of wood. .Among other curious inanufadurcs of Caflimcre is that of (liavvls, which arc duLributed, all over ihg weftern and fouih,^ CAS' em Afia. They make a part nf the drefs of ihc Epyptian Mamlouks as well as of the Britiiii fair. The delicate wool of which they arc made, is the produrt of a fpecies of^gnnt of this country, or of the adjoining Thibet. Here arc bred a fpe- cics ()f (hcep, called Hundoo. which, hke thofe of Peru, are employed in carrying btirdens. The Caflimireans have a lan- guage of their own, faid to be anterior to that -if the Si'ilcrit, and a religion too, it is thought, different frgm that of the llindoo.s. In fine, to ufe the words of an Oriental writer, " CdHiBiere u a garden ill pernetuaj fpring." It is 80 miles long and 40 broad. '■ CASfiMi:RF., a large city of Hindoo- ftan Pr'j|ri;r, c'.pitidof the provirice or val, ley of Ca(!;n;erc. It is built on both fides of the river Cheium, and is lic, miles E. by S. of Cabul. Lon. 73. 11. E. lat 33. 49. N. "' Casiin'a, ati cxtcnfive empire in the centre of Africa, being part of the region called Soudan by the Arabs, and Nigritia or Negrolai'.d bv the Europeans. It is bounded on the N. by the mountains of Eyre, which feparate it from Fczzan, and by a diilrid of Zahnra in the Def. rt ; on the S. by the Niger ; and on the E. by the kingdom of Zamphara and the em- pire of Bornou. It r&fembles Bornou much in climate, foil, and natural produc- tions, and in the colour, genius, religion, and government of the people. "^The rains indeed, • ' '. ,s violent than thofe of Bornou. Its ... jiikeys and parrots (but (eldom fecn in Bornou) are numerous and of varrpu< fpccies. The common people arc lefs courteous in Cafhna than in Bor- nou. A 'houfand towns and villages are faid to be included in this empire, which, like Bornou, confilh of different tribes or natiijns, fubjett to the dominion of one ruling power. * C As UN A, the capital of the empire ofCnflina in Africa. It is 370 miles S, by W. of Mcfutata, in 16.20. N. lat. Ca^hman S£A, a great inl nd fca of Afia, bounded on the N. by the country of the Calinuc Tartars ; on the E. by a tribe of the Turcomans ; on the S. E, pe. iriue or tne 1 urcomans ; on tt;e b. n,, h;)s the S. .Tnd S. W. by Perfia ; and on tlie ' W. by Georgia and Circalfia. Ir is about 6S0 miles in length, reckoning from Gu- rief to Medflietifar, and in no part more than zCo miles in l.Teadtii. It has no tide, and, on account of its frequent fl-.oals, is narigable only for veffels drawing from 9 to to feet water. Ir has flrong cur- rents, and, likc*ll in!.;ud fcas, is i'u! jcft to violent ftorn.s, which tiie Ruluan velfeh, wretchedly ccnftriifttd, weather wjili d.lUvuiry, (1 CAS' Tlicy make a part of tlie c Egyptian Mamlouks as well IJiitilii fair. The dcliciitc wfol h(.y arc mrtde, is the produrt of 'f gnat of this ccuntrv, or of the Thibet. Here are 'bred a fpc- ep, caHcd Hundoo. M-hich, like 'em, are employed in carrying The Caflimireans have a lan- leir own, faid tn be anterior to le S I'llVnt, and a rehgion tr.o, ht, different frgm that of tlie I n fine, to life the words of an Ivriter, " Caihuiere i. a garden .laj fpriiig." It is 80 miles long load. iMtRF., a larc;e city of Hindoo- i.-r, c'.nitiilof the provirice or val, liir.cre. It is built on both fidts er Chcium, and is 285 miles E. Cabul. Lon. 73. 11. E. lat 33, Ha A, rm cxtcnfivc empire in the Africa, being part of the region udaii by the Arabs, and Nigritia olaiid bv the Europeans. It is on the N. by the n.ouiitains of "lieh feparatc it froin Fczzan, and ilriA of Zahara in the Dcf.rt; . by the Niger ; and on the E. by gdom of Zaniphara and the em- Bornou. It refembles Bornou I ciimatc, foil, and natural produc- nd ill tlie colour, genius, religion, vcrnmcnt of the people. The idced, • ■' '. is violent than thofe of Its I.. /okeys and parrots (but een in Bornou) are numerous and us fpecics. The common people courteous in Cafhna tlian in Bor- V 'houfand towns and villages are e included in this empire, which, nou, confiils of different tribes or fiibjtifr to the dominion of one ower. SUN A, the capital of the empire ia ill Africa. It is 370 miles S, if Mcfur3ta, in 16.20. N. lat. IAN Sea, a great inl nd fca of junded on the N. by the country Calimic Tartars ; on the E. by a the Turcomans ; on the S. E, nd S. W. by Perfia ; and on tlie jcorgia and Circaffia. It is about ;s in length, reckoning from Gii- kledflietifar, and in no part more ) miles in breadtii. It has no tide, account of its frequent fi.oals, is e only for vcffils drawing from feet water. If has flrong cnr- id, likc«ll inl.iud feas, is fu'. jcrt to ioriv.s, which t!ie Ruiuan vtliel'!, J!y ccnftriiftt'd, weath°r wi'h d.iucuity, ■♦yfs C AS miles N. of Naples, This immenfe building is of a redtangular form, 750 feet by 5S0 ; about 112 feet high, comprehending five habi- table ftories, whicli conta'" fiich a num- ber of apartments, as to accommodate the moil numerous court, without any accef- firy buildings. The gardens are propor- tionably extenfive and magnilicenr. Cassovia, a ftrong town of llangarv, with ihc.tiijell anenai in that kinjjdom. It CAS , is near the river Horat, 55 miles N. E. of Agria. Lon. it. 25. E. lat. 46. 48. N, SeeCASc;HAW. Cast NNov ITS, a town of Auftriatt Croatin, on the river Unnn, which divides that country from I'urkey. Lon. 17. i9» E. lat. 45. 40. N. Cast ETA. MAR A, a fc?port of the king- dom nf Naple:!, with a billiop's fee, 15 miles S. E. of Naples, Lon, 14. 35, E. lat. 41, 40. N, Caste I.- Ak AGON ESE, a fcaport rif Sardinia, with a billKip's fee, 20 miles N. v.. of Saffari. Lun. 9, i. E. lat, 40. 56, N, Castei.-Baldo, a town of Italy, iti the Vtronefc, on the river Adigc, 35 mile* S. E. of Vcivjna, L( n, 12. 7, E, lat. 45. 5.N. Castet.!!AT!, a town of Ireland, in the county of Mayo, 3 ; miles N. of Gal«. way. I.OM. 9. 15. W. lat. 53, 54. N. Castf.l-Bkanco, a town of Portu- gal, capital of Bcira, en the river Lyra, 38 miles N. W. of Alcantara, Lon, 6. 40. W'.lat. 39. 52. N. Castel-de-Vidk, a ftrong town of Portugal, in Alentcjn, eight miles N, of Portalegia. Lon, 7. 3 i. \C'. lat.39. 15. N. Castel-Foi.it, a town of Spnin, iti Catalonia, (jn an inaccclhble eminence, near he river Fulvia, between Gironne and Campredon, i e, milts from each, CAsTi.r.-CoNDoi.i'o, a little village in tlie Campagna of P.time, near the Lake Albano, on the extremity of which is 3 caftle, to w hich the pope retires in the fummer. Near this village is the villa Barba'-ir.i, wi'liin the garrKns of which are the ruins of :;n immenCe 'palace, buiit by the emperor Domitian. It is 10 miles S. by E. of Rome. Lon, 12. 36, E. lat. 41. 44. N. Castel-Jaloux, a town of France, in the department of Lot and Garonne and late province of Guiennc. It is feated on the river Avance. Lon, o, 25. .E, lat. 44. 20, N. Castel-Nuovo, a town of "Venetian Dalmatia, on the gulf of Cataro, 12 mileg N, by W, of the town of that name. Lon. i8, 29, E, bt. 42. 36. N. Castel-Rodrigo, a town of Portu- gal, in the province of Tra-los.Montc«, 30 miles N. VV. of Cividad-Rodrigo, Lon. 6. 22. W. lai-. 41. o. N. Castel-Nuovo-di-Carfagvava, a town of Italy, in the Modenefe, vith a ftrong fort. It is the capital i-»f the valley of Carfagnana, and feMed on the river Serchio, 17 miles above- tucca. Li'n. 10, 40. K. lit. 44. ;. N. Caste LLANE, ? nkafant town ii France, -9! '**^f ""'•' * CAS CAS France, in the department of the Lower Alps and htc province of rriivmcc. It is fcitLd on the river Vi-rdon, in a mmin- taiuous country, which, however, is fertile in corn and p'li'iirc. AWnit a mile hn,.^ the town, is a talt I'pring, trom which u\c water ilTiies in futh abundanie r.s to turn a mill at the vciv fourcc. Many of the ancient lords of C iftelkme were dilhn- jTuin^ed anrnns the rrovcn(,al pncts call- ed Troubadours. It is 27 milts S. by E. of Sentz. Lon. 6. 34. K. lat. 43. ec. N. Ca^tf.i.t.a7.o, a town of Italy, in the duchv of Milan, remavk;ible for a battle fou"hi between the French and Aiii- fna1>s in 1704- It '* t"'" "^''•'^'* ^'7 Alexandria. Lon. 8. ^o. K. lat. 4;. 3- N. Cast?! • on', o i>'vn of Spain, in Ca- talonia, five miles N. W, of Rofts. Lon. ,. ^8.E.lat.4J. >8-N. Castei.kaudakv, a confiderable t„wn of France, in the dep^rtratnt of Aude and late province of Languedgc, on an etninence, at the foot of which is the Royal Canal, which here forms a ba- f.n a'uf.ut 3600 feet in citcumfercnce. ^' ar tliistown, in ik-'i, marOiid bchom- bcru t'lfeattd ilu: army of Gallon, duke of Orleans, and took the unfortunate Moiitmcrrncy prifoner. Caftlennudary 16 15 miles W. of Carcaffonne. Lon. 2. 0. E.lat. +3- 'Q-N- , „ f, , Castkm.u'^n'K, a fmail town ot Italy, b the duchv '>f Mantua, v^ ith a cjftle. It %*as taken hy the 1 mpeiinliils in i "c 1 , but thtr French dcfcstcd them i^car if in 1706. It is 10 miles N, W. of Man- tua. Lon. 10. 32.E. Lt.4<. 23-'N. Castii.R, Ni.w, orToi.EPo, a pro- vince of Spain, bounded on the N. by Old CilUle, on ihc E. by An;pfn and Valencia, on the S. bv Murcia and An- dalufia, and on the W. by Leon, it is dividtd into three parts ; Argarin to the N Mancha to the E. and Sinra to the S. Madrid is the capital. The air is pure and healthy ; but the land is niountauious, dry, and uncultivated, throu.uh the mdo- Jcnce of the inhabitants. Tliu uni th. part produces fruit ; and wine, and the fijuth good (lafture. and tine vot'. _ Castilk, Old, a proviiue of Spain, ah.)Ut 191 miles in length, and 115 la breadth ; bounded on the S. by Ne.v Caftile, on the E, bv Ariagon and Ma- v.arre, on the N. by Bifcav and Afiuria, and on the W. by Leon. Burgos is the capital. > /•■ •! Castii.e-dfi.-Oko, alargeandtcrtile counrrv of S. Amcvua. in terra Firma, iyine to the W. of iht Orcnpj^n. Ci^bTiLtAUA, a town of Italy, ni the duchy of Mantua, fix miles N. E. of Man- tua. ' Lon. 10. 54. E. Ut. 4^;. 14. N. Casfii i.ov, a town of France, in the depaitment of Girondc and late pro- vince of Guicnnc ; famous for a viftory gained by the French over the iMtglilH m 14^1. It is t'eatcd on the Dordogne, 2^ miles E. of Hourdcaux. Lor o. ?.. E. bt. 44. 5^- 'N- C.vsti.E-CarV. a town of Somerret- fliire, with a market on Tucfday. It is 11 miles S. E. of Wells, and 112 W. by S.of London. Lon. 2. 41. W. lat. 51. 5. N. Casti.e-Comb, a town of Wilt- fliire, To euiiL-d from its ancient caftlc. It foi merlv had a market. It is 1 2 miles N.N. E. of 'Bath. Lon. 2. 45. W. lat. 51. 30. N. CASTLE-IlFPtNOHAM, a village m EfTex, fo calied from the a-.^icnt caftle of the extindl family of the Veres, earls of Oxford ; a fine tower of wliich, on an emi- nence, li. ftiU entire. It is feven miles S. W. of Sudburv. Castik-R'istn'g, a borough in Nor- folk, which had a market, now difufed, on acoutit of iis harbour being choked up. The c lit Ic, whence it has irs name, is ftill ftandirg. It is fever, nvV '. N. E. of Lvnn, anri"i03 N. N. E. of London. Lfn. o. 3c. E. l.-.t. 52. 50. N. Castlktows, the capital of the Ifle of Man, with a caftle, but of no great im- portanre, on account of its diftance from the rocky and (hallow harbour. Loti. 4. 3;.W.lat. k3. 55. N. CAbToN, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Monday. It is 10 miles N. by W. of Norwich, and 113 N. E. of Lon- don. Lon. 1. :;. E. Lr. ^:. 4S. _N. Castor, a town of Lincolnfnirc, witk a market on Saturday. It is jo miles N. E. of Lincoln, and 1^9 N, of London. Lon.c. 9. \V.lat. 53. 30. N. Castri'.s, a town of France, in the department of Tarn nnd late province of Lnngii-do.-, of which it was recently an epifcopid fee. It is leatcl in a fine valley, on the river Agout. In -he reign of . Lewis XIII. Caftrcs was a kind of pro- teftant republic ; but, in ifiio, its fortifi- cations were dciiiolilhed. Nuar this town, are in' ties of TurquoiCe ftoncs. It was the birthplace of Rapin Thnyras, Abel Boyer, und M. Dacier. It is 20 miles S. "of Alby. Lon. s. 2c. E. lat. ^ij. 37- ^^"• CasT'IO, a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, 40 miles N. W. of Rome. Lon. I!. 54. E. lat. 42.23. N. Castro, a feaport of the kingdom of Napl s, li^ miles S. of Qtranto. Lon. i3. 31. E. kt. 40. 16. N. ■* Castro, i.ii i I-#'Wi^ i >^i^ ■ ■LuVjii) t i^iifj^wkf'', ^i'i'^v^ CAS ^^ intua, fix miles N. E. of Man- ic. 54. E. Ut. 45- '4' N- OM, a town of P'rance. in cnt of Giron'tlc and late pro- licnnc ; famous for a viftory ic French over tlic Eiiglilh m ; I'catcd on the Donlogm', 25 HoarJcaux. Lor o. ^. E. N. Car v. a town of Somerfct- * mirket on Tucfday. It is 11 of WtUs.and 112 W. by S.of .on. 2. 42. W. iat. 51. 5. N. • Comb, a town of Wilt- iLil from its ancient caftic. It d a market. It is 1 2 miles N.N. 1. Loll. 2. 45. W. Iat. 51. -IIkpfngham, a village in died from tlic a-.^icnt caftic of family of tlic Veres, earls of fine tower of which, on an emi- liU entire. It is feven rnilcs S. i^\irv. ■ -Rising, a borough in Nor- h had a market, now difufed, of iis harbour being choked cilUc, whence it has irs name, dirg. It is fevcvi ml' s N. E. snd 103 N. N. K. of London. -. R. Lit. 52. so- N. (-.TOWN, the capital of the Ifle ^ith a caftle, but of no great im- on account of its diftance from and (hallow harbour. Lou. 4. . kj. 55. N. N, a town in Norfolk, with » Monday. It is 10 miles N. by ■irwich, and 1 13 N. E. of Lon- n. 1. 2 2. E. l.it. 52. 4:^. _N. a, atown of Lincrlnfnirc, with on Saturday. It is lo miles N. nc'.:ln, and 1 ^9 N, of London. W. Iat. 53. 30. N. [.r.s, a town of France, in the nt of Tarn nnd late province of \-, of whicli it was recently an fee. It is (Vatcd in a fine valley, ivcr Agout. In the reign of III- Caftrcs was a kind of pro- publii.- ; but, in 1610, its fortift- ere dciiioliflifd. Nuar ti.is town, ;:s of Tui-qiioife ftoncs. It was iplace of Rapin Thnyras, Abel nd j\L Dacier. It is 20 miles Uby. Lon. s. 2c. E. Iat. ^J- uo, a town of Italy, in the patri- • St. Peter, 40 miles N. W. of Lon. )!. 54. E- Iat. 42.23- N. RO, a feaport of the kingdom of liK miles S. of Otianto. Lon. itl. at. 40. 16. N. Castro, ii.j,iiiTjfiJMiiii.',;iii..i»W''M^^^^*^ " ■■ CAT' Castro, a town of S. Amcnca, in Chdi, capital of the idand of Ch.loc •„ ,kA miles S. of Baldivia. Lon. 7 5- 5- W. iat. u. 4. S. r c ■ Castuo-uki-Rf.y, a town of Spain, in the province of Ga'.icid. Lon. 3. 2^. \V. Iat. 43. 20. N. Castko-Mari>JO, a town of Portu- gal, in Ah.arve. It is ftrong by f.tuat.on, and feat.d near the mouth of the Oua- diana, 5^ miles S. of Bcja. Lon. 7- ■»• VV. lit. 37. &• N. Castko-Vkregna, a town of b- America, in Peru, remarkab e for mines of filvcr, good tobacco, and whoiefome air. It is 12^ miles S. E. of Lima. Lon. 74- 4-. W. Iat. 12. so. S. f r • Catai.onma, a province of opain, bounded or the N. by the l'y>;<^""n moun- tains ; on the E. and S. by the Mediterra- nean Sea ; and on the W. by Arragon and Valencia. Its grcatert extent, froni E. to W. i=- 112 miles, and fron N. to b i4>. The air is whoiefome ; aad it is full ot high mountains, covered with forcR and truit- trces. It abounds in wine, corn, and pune, and has quarries of marble and fevcrai lorts of mines. Barcelona is the capital. Catania, an ancient, rich, a::iQ f='^'=- bratcd VAwn. of Sicily, on a gult ot the fame name, with a •bilhop's lee, and a univorlitv, the only one m the ifland, and the nur'ery of all the la^vyers. _ 1 he church is a noble fabric, the largeft in Si- cily ; and the organ h much admired tiy mufical connoifleurs. The principal Itreets of Catania are wi.le, ftraight, ^nd well paved with lava. The number of the_in- babitants is computed to be 30,000. -1 ne citv (binds near Mount Etna, and has often lutfercl by earthquakes on that ac- count, particularly in 1660 atid 1693- In the hft the town was entirclv dcHroyci, and .«,coo people buried in the ru:ns. It has '"ince been rebuilt ard repcopled, the land abouf it beins fertile in corn, cx- cellMU wine, and "fruits. It is 5s miles S. W. of Meirina. Lon. 15. ?-9- E. Iat. 37. 36, N. , C\tan/aro, a populous town ot the kin'/dom "of Naples, wiih a biihop's Oic. It js leated on a mountain, i s miles S. VV. ot Belcaftro. Lon. if'. 48- E. Iat. 39' o. N. CAT I NES'si.AF, one of the 41 governments of " the Kudim empire, being the new name of the extended government ot Aloph, which is now mule to compnle New Rudia and the Crimea. This govern- ment i> divided into tv.o provinccbi namely, Catharinenllaf, whuh include'* New Rutha and the lite gnvernnient ot Afnph ; and the province of Taunda, which includes the Crimea. • CAiHAicfNKNSL/VF, the capital ot the province of the lame name, lately built by the prefcnt cmprcfs ot RuHia. It IS leated near the fpot wher^; the ima.l river Kiltzin fall, into the Samira. Us name lignilies, " The glory ot Catha- rine ;•■ and it is colonized by many Gre.-KS and Armenians from Crim Tartary, and others of the nations ^vho fcrved in the preceding war againlf the Turks. It is 178 miles N. E. of Cherlon. Lon. 35. iS.E.lat. 47.M-N. f T 1 1 CATHt.Ri.oi't;n, a town ot Ireland, ;| in the county of Catherlough, on the river jj Bin-o-.v, 16 miles N. E. of Kilkenny, j Lon. 7. .4-W.lat. :2.4«.N. i Cathkui.ol'i.h, a county of Ireland, | in the province of Leinlter, 20 miles m | length, and eight in breadth ; bounded on | the' E. by Wi'klow and V, exford, on thc"| W. by CJuecn's County, on the N. by ' Kild;;rc, and on the S. and S. W. by Wexford. It contains 42 pariihes, and feuds fx members to parliament, yh. two for the county, two for Cathcrlcnigh, and two for Old LeighUn. . | * Catmaniiu, the capital of Napaul, in Hindooftan Proper -k? mi'es E. of Delhi. Lon. 84- ';i- ^^-'''f- -^- ^•^- 4, Catouch, Cape, the N. E. promoii-| rory of Yucatan, in S. America. Lon. | 86.' 30. W. Iat. 22. 10. N. . f ■^ C A T T ^ c K , or C u T T A c K , tlic Capital of OrilTa, a province of llindiKilvan, in the Dcccan. It is a poft of confcqucnce, as it lies on the only road between Bcng.il and the Northern Circars; and the polleihon of this city and ns dependencies gives tiie Berar rajah (a Ivlahrntta prince) more conCequcnce in the eyes of the govern- , ment of Bential, than even his extenfive domain and c~entrica! pohtion in Hindoo- ftan. Cattack is fcatcd on the river i\Ia- J 40. E. Iat. 42. 4"- ^'' „ CATiiAU. Set Chateau CAMnKF.sis. Cat;-;(",atf, a golf between Sweden and Denmark, by which the Baltic com- nuinicarcs with the ocean. ' ? CAXliAlUNK.VtLAF, OrECVTERRl: mond, in the VV. riding ot YorkflMrc. It has a bridec over the river Swale, and there is a Tort of cataraft near it, from,, whithit fecmsto have derived its name. It atniears to have been a grtwt city m the / time of the RoKuns, one of whofc high- ; C A U £f ^[.e! W'or Salerno. Lou. .4- SS- ^cVvr;Mo?^tow..f Franco, in Vc- ^r ' i a lulc ciMUoral Ice, tlun fub- Uat<. ''r"A^A?a-in"y;fI.cland,in.hcpro. in breadth, bound.l on th^l-,.^^^^^,^^^ han, an^i °:\S Mcath. h has but two S,SN~^^^f--; the Cafpian. They are ^^^^.^„j AHa andthc.rtopa^r«-;^>^,„,„, in with inow. 1 '.'- • f 1 gs and honey, corn, ^v'";'/^^ ^;|,„d',bour high *^°^""^S"Ju-ain,arctnhabitedby fercnt language -, "^'^^'> j qIF., the Kifli, H:^S^:^Se^5-; which (ee „ents in\°%l";!^;> ft is dividU into been lattly ormea. ^ Cauca- the two pcov.nces i^^ft ,^^^„,„ jiarias. fus,but,s not yeHuUin - ^_^ ^^^^^ .^^ The provtnee of C.u^^ ^^ ^,^^ ^_ the Cuban, and ^alltn^ j^^^^^j.,^^ ^^_ »"' '• rrlver%"d Cuban, and be- tween the ri er^ ^j^^ ^aUnan, ex- :i^rrrfSs:r^HhJ-"''er>ng Sordes of Mount Catjcafus. ^^^^ CAUDEBEC, a nc^. P P,^^ d ,rt trading town of fjf ^^^ 1,,^ province of ■ "^^"^ ^'^ ^"irthe ot '?a ".ou^ntain, near Normandy, at the toot ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ the Seme, 18 miits 1 ^ Lon. '•'^•^•I'^'^.^'crvERY, a confi- ,:^X:^:i U^cV-->nCula of H.- Il cay' a.intheifland of Man.r.a, with a llronsi caflk, a harbour, andad.ck. It i. .0 m.l« from the city ot ^^C JuN-F- I^A. a fmnll town of France, in th'e d.-.-.irtuicnt of T,>rn and late pro- v,'"ofLan^ucdoc,lcatcd,u.arth.n,oun- tMns, where- the nvcr Agout h;-s . tourcc. Itiszt n,ilesN E. of Caftres. 'on. i. '^'V C lu rERETS, a village of F,-ancc, m the detnrn,^ent of the Upp.r Pyrenec. adi^n■ov.K^ofB,go^rc notcdbr-ts ,,uncralNvatcr. It is .3 m.k. S. W. of ^'f 'W'vooD . town in the K. riding of ,^ miles S. ofYo,k,aHd .£6 N. VV. of L'.rlon. Lon. i.o.W.lat. ^3. 47-N- cixAMM.CA, a town ot S. Amencn, in P^ruc-itd of a territory of the fame nam Here P./arro, the Soam^ gene- S «ok AtahuaUpa, ■"" of Peru, and murdered him, m .533- ^ 'y^'j^T £ from the S^^uth Sea, and 3'^o ^- ^- ^- °^^SoJ:"a^t^^;n^a::br^g^^;f; -'^rSc:S:aJr;rfS ^^tfjrl^^-c^Sai^^^s „ear l^^rtVlegra, and running Sb.dwues Spain from Portugal, =^"'1 *^"'. '"'"/'^! Guadiana, at Badajo/, in Span.fh Eftra "'cTvrKN-E, P rich town and ifland of S.'k'Jra-a, capital of the French lettle- ments there, boundc^c. the N by ;hc Dutch colony of Surinam, it nt mouth of the river A'T>«on ; and the French have given it the title ot t.qu - nott Frances from its fituation nearly "nder the line. It is 4'^ - cs - ™.- f,M-.-nce and the anchorage for ve Uh is rte wcrcrcCcperouintheiaan,an t^^^^^ of Corbin in Terra Firma. The 1 rencit ?td here in .63. b"t Icavu^g it m ,6.^ the Engliih ftaid here till 1664, vhur e Fr.-^ch took poffelhon or it at n The Dutch became matters of it ■^ r.f. h-' the French drove them away 'the v^ar following. The greateft heau Wi. toward the end of June, and term,, h. -.t the end of November, and this u Td^v'Sn. but from December nil ,he end of June, it rains mo o I however, oit accQunt of their cm^^^ IC A Y riles amonc; the Ga'tts, klirt'tion tliroiigh Myuvi., Bcringapatam and Tanjore, jy of' IJtngHl, by ftvcral lun Cuddalorc and Tritchi- town (if Afia, in the ifland itU a fuong caftli, a harbinir, [t is 10 miles from the city ot" A, a fmnll town of Fiance, iitnt of Trim and late piu- lutdot, Itatedniar &" moun- he river Agout h;'s i Ibiircc. N E. of Cadres. ! on. i. I. 40. N. ;fy, North, a village in Glou- ceftcrlhirc, near the Downs, where Ciren- ceftcr races arc run. In an adjacent litld is a camp of coiirulcrahle extent. It is four milts from Ciicklade. Cehtosa, a celebrated Carthufian monafttrv, in the duchy of Milan, four miles from Pavia. Its park is furround- cd by a wall 20 miles in circumrcrcnce ; but there arc feveral vjliages therein. Cervera, n tr-.vn of Spain, in Cara- Ijnia, en a river of the lame name, 22 miles N. W. of Terr.igona. Lon. i. 9. E. lat. 41. 25. N. " , . ^ Cervia, a feaport of Italy, in Rn- n-.ajrna, with a bilhcp's fee, on the gulf of Venice, to miles S. E. of Ravenna. Lon. 12. 17- E. b't. 44. 30. N. Cesen A, a town of Italy, in Romngna, with a bilhop's fee, on the river Savio, 1 5 miles S. E. of Ravennc. Lon. 12. 20. F„ lat. 44' J ;• N- . ^ . , Cette, a ftaport of France, m tht department of Herai'.lt and late pro- vince ('f Langucdiic, leatcd at the pl.ice u'here the Roval Canal begins, between Montpellier and Agdc, on the Mediter- ranean. Lon. 3. 4',- !*-• !••'• 43- 24- N. Ceva, a town of Piedmuiu, on the 1'aiiaro, with a fort, eight itiilcs S. E. of Mondovi. Lon. S. 10. E. lat. 44. i'i. N. i^ii^ ' C E Y Cet^EVMEs, mountains of France, in Languedoc, once remarkable for the meetings of the proteftants, as a place of fecurity againft the tyranny of their go- vernors. In queen Anne's reign, an at- tempt was made to allirt them by an Eng- lilh Heet, but without fuccefs. Cel'ta, a fcaport of Africa, with a bifhop's fee. John, king of Portugal, took it from the Moors, in 141 5, but it now belongs to Spain. It fulUined a fiege, in ifig;, againft the Moors, and is I'eated on the ftraits of GibraUar. Lon. J. 20. \V. lat. 35. 50. N. Ceylon, a large ifland in the Indian Ocean, 250 miles in length, and 195 in breadth. In general the air is very good ; and though the country is full of^ moun- tains, there arc fertile vallies : in fome places the mountains are high and bar- ren, being nothing but dreadful rocks without water. It is particularly remark- able for its plenty of cinnamon, which is all in the poiTeliion of the Dutch, who drove away the Portuguefe. In fomc places there are rich mines, whence ara got rubies, fapphircs, topazes, and other lioncs of lels value. In the kingdom of Candy is plenty of cardamoms, very large. The pepper here is fo good, that it fells dearer than that of other places. Here is abundimce of wood for all forts of ufes, and fome proper for dying red. It abounds in corn, buffaloes, goats, hogs, deer, hares, dogs, jackals, monkics, tigers, and bears : they liave a quadruped no bigger thau a hare, which perfedtly rcfemblcs a deer. Refidu the buffalo there is another of the bfeve-kind, which has a high back and white feet ; but this is a great rarity. Their elephants arc like thole in other places, and they have fome that are i'poueil, liut very fcarce. They have great variety of hircis, f)me of which are not to be Hict with in other places. Thsy have very dangerous fcrpents, and ants which do a great deal of mifchief. The mofi; remaikaole tree in this ifland is the tHllipof, one of whofe leaves v/ill cover ten men, and keep them from the rain ! tl>cy are very light, and travellers carry ilteni ffofTi place to place, and life them iiiftead of tents. The inhabitants are divided into ievcral tribes, from the noble- man to the maker of mats, and all the children follow the fame bufinefs as their fathers ; nor is it lawful to marry into any other tribe. They are Pagans ; and though they acknowledge a fiiprcme God, they worlliip none but the inferior fort, and among thefc ihcy reckon the fun and moon. In their temples are images, well txeculcd, tjiough their figures are mon- 7 ftrous : : E Y mountains of France, in cc rtmailiable for the protcftants, as a place of the tyranny of their go- icen Anne's reign, an at- to allill them by an Eng- ithout fuccefs. :aport of Africa, with a [ohn, kin^ of Portugal, he Moors, in 141 5, but to Spain. It fuitaincd 3 agatnll the Mnors, and is Iraits of Gibraltar. Lon. 1 5. 50. N. larjre ifland in the Indian les in length, and 19!; in ;neral the air is very good ; country is full of moun- : fertile vatlies : in fome ntains are liigh and bar- :liing but dreadful rocks It is particularly rcmark- Mity of cinnamon, which Teliion of the Dutch, who le Portuguefc. In feme 2 rich mines, whence ara phircs, topazes, and other aUie. In the kingdom of of cardamoms, very large. ;re is fo good, that it fells It of other places. Here is ood for all forts of ufes, and or dying red. It abounds :s, goats, hogs, deer, hares, lonkics, tigers, and bears : uadruped no bigger thau perft6tly rcfemblcs a deer. iilo there is another of the lich has a high back and jt this is a great rarity, ts arc like thole in other icy have fome that are •y I'carce. They have great is, f >me of which are not h in other places. Thsy igcrous fcrpents, and ants tat deal ot mifchief. The le tree in tiiis iDand is the f whofe leaves will cover keep them from the rain ! light, and travellers carry ICC to place, and life them nts. The inhabitants are eral tribes, from the noble- laker of mats, and all the ' the fame bufincfs as their is it lawful to marry into e. They are Pagans ; and :kno\vlcdge a fuprcnie God, none but the inferior fort, fc ihcy reckon the fun and lir temples are images, well jgh their figures are mon- ■j ftrous : C H A ftrous -. fome are of filvcr, copper. &c. the hotcUdc-ville. In the church of the The diftcrent forts of gods luvc v ^riuut lite Carnielires, is the tomb ot th;; tpicuic pricfts, who have all fome privileges. Dc> Barrtaux, immortalized by the tine Their houfcs arc fmnll and low, wnli fonnet, " (jr.md Dicu, tcs jugemens, walls made of hurdles, fmoothly covered &:c." Chalons is luitcd «ii the river S.ionc, with clay, and the roofs, thatched. They 35 '"'■'^s S. of Dijon. Lon. 4. 57. £. lat 46. 47. N. Chalons-sur-Marnf., a handfome town of France, in the depnrtmcnt of Marnt, lately an cpifcopal fee in the It contains hrvr nri chimnics, and their furniture is on!', a few earthcrii velTels, with two cop- per bafins, and two of three ftools ; none but the king being allowed to fit in a .--,-.1 - - chair. Their food is generally rice and province ot Champ:igne fait i'nd their common drink is writer, i=,ooo inhabitants, who carry on a con- which they pour into their mouths out of fuierablc trade in flialloonsand other wool- a vetfel like a tea-p-.t, through the fpout, l^n Itutfs. The famous promenade, called the G:ird, has been formed into a new ring much fuperior to the former. Here is an academy of the fiitncts, arts, and bclles-li-ttrts Cimlons is itated beiweta two hne meadows on the rivers Marnc, Mau, and Nau, 40 miles S. W. of Ver- dun, and 95 E, of Paris. Lon, 4. 17. E. lat. 4S. 5 7- N- Chamb, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, capital of a county of the fame name, and feared on the river Chamb, 37 miles N. E. of Ratifbun. Lon. II. 55. E. lat. 49. 14. N. CuAMBERRY, a populous town of Savo^, with a caflle. It is the capital of the duchy, and well-built, but lias no fortifications. It is watered by many itreanis, which have their fourccs in St. Martin's Hill, and run through fcveral of the ftrtets. There arc piazzas under molt of the houfes, where people may walk dry in the word weather. It has large and handfome fnburhs, and in the centre of i.ic town is the d,ucal palace. The never touching it with their lips. There arc fome infcriptious on the rocks, which inuft be very ancient, for they are not underftood by any of the prcfent inhabi- tants. The Dutch arc polfcired of all the principal places along the coaft. Lon. from 80" to 82" E. lat. from 6° to 10" N. Chablais, a province of Savoy, bound- ed on the N. by the lake of Geneva, on the E. by Vallais, on the S. by Faucigny, and on the W. by the republic of Geneva. Thonon is the capital. Chablis, a town in France, in the department of Yonnc and late province of Burgundy, remarkable for white wines. It is 15 miles from Auxerre. Lon. 3. 59. E. lat. 47. 4«. N. Chacktoolk Bay, a bay in Norton Sound, difcovered by capt. Cook in 1778. It is expofedto S. and S. W. winds. Lon. iti. 47. W. lat. 64. 3>-N. Chagke, a fort of S. America, in the province of Darien, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. It was taken parliament meets here, which is compofcd by admiral Vernon in 1740. It is a little of four prefidcnts, and a number of lj:na. to the S. W. of Porto-Bello. W. lat. 9. 20. N. Chais-Dieu, a town of France, in the department of Uppei Loire aiul late province of Velay. Its hte Bcnediftine abbey was much celebrated. It is 12 miles E. of Brioude. Lon. 3. 4. E. lat. 45. 15. N. Chaldea. See Irac Arabia Tiis •1 ll IS a utile >" •"■" j'iv..».w , «..« .- ..»,..»... v<. .i.im- . Lon. So. 7. ^on; being the fcrcme tribunal of the ' whole duchy. Tnis town was taken by the French in 1792. It is 27 miles N. E. of Gre.^oble, and 85 N. W. of Tu- rin. Lon. 5. 50. E. lat. 45. 3 -. N. CPiAMiiouT, a late royal pal.ioe ia France, nine miles E. of l>loi>. It was built by Francis II. and from the number and trifling minutcnefs of its parts, lias been Chalons-sur-Saone, an ancient compared to a houic of cards. It ftandj town of France, in the department of in a park, ?. i miics in circumference ; bu6 Saone and Loire, larcly an epifcopiil fee of has no gardens. The Ityle of this ftriic the province of Burgundy. It is tiie ture is Govhic, and it is built of free ftaple of iron for Ly"' s and St. Eticnnc, ftont and of the wines for t>.p'jrtauon. The years 1 great Roman way from Lyons to Bou- logne paffcd by Chalons ; and here are various indications 01 Roman magnificence, particularly the ruins of an amphitheatre. The city 'contains the Old Town, the New Town, and the Uiburbs of Sr._ L:iw- 'rcnce. In the firft is the court cf juliice, a mv^jtrn itnic^ure, the caihtdral, and King Staiiiflaus rciidcd here nine and It wai the retreat of mirfiul Saxe, who died hvrc in lyco. ChamoM), a town of France, in the department of Rhonj and Loire and late province of Lyonois, \sith a caftlo, on the river Gicz, 17 miles from Lyons. Lon. 4. 55. E. lat. 4;. 29- N. CiiAMVAGSC.a iatc prnvincf of France, 162 miles Ju lelijjUi, unj 112 in breadth, buundtid -•»»" c n A » — y ir i ii fcoun'leclon the N. by Ilninaiilr mf\ Li:y- emlurg, on the R. by Lorrain am! Fran- che Comtd, on the S. by Hiirt'.undy, and on thp. W. by the Ilk or France and S'liflimnois. Its prihcipal rivers are the Mcufe, Seine, Marne, Aubc, and Aiii. It now forms the dcparrinints uf Ar- dennes, Aube, Manic, and Upj)cr Marne, Champi.mn, L\kk, a lij^o of N. America, wliich divides the iiatc of New York from that of Vermont. It is Ho miles lonj; from N. to S. ?nd 14 in its broadell part. Lon. 74. 10, W. lat. 45. o. N. Chavcha, a rich town or l'"gvpr, five miles from Cairo, at tlic entrance of tlie defcrt which leads to IVI,ount Sinai. ■^ Chanda, a conliderablc city> of Re- rar, in the Dcccan of Hindonrtan, fubjert to the chief of the caftern RTahrattas. it is ftatcd on a branch of the Giidavcry, 70 miles S. of Nagpcr.r. Lou. 79. 40. E. lat. 10. 10. N. *'' CjtANr)r.n>f AGORF., a neat and large town of Hindooftan Proper, in Beii- "gal. It is a French I'cttlement, and had a very ftrong fnrr, which was lakcn and dc- ftroyed by admiral ^Vatfon in 17:7 ; and, in 1793, the Engiilh af;ain difpon'tifftd the French of this fettlcment. Jt is feated on the W. fide of the river Hoogly, alittloN. N. W. of Calcutta. '* CHANMANMi'SG, a city of Thibet, in Afia, which has been the lofy.'.ence nf tiie grand lama. It is about 130 miles W, of LalTa. Lon. 89. 4^. E. iat. 3 1. o. N. CHA>fNERAY, |. village of Rofsfhire, in Scotland;, near the frith of Murray, formerly a bifliop's fee. It i-. 30 miks W. of Elgin, the fine cathedral of which town is called ChaiinSby cluurh, it hav- ing been intended, it is faid, to be built here. Chantii-IY, a town of France, 17 miles from Paris ; celebrated for a fine foreftand mngnificent huntiiiij-fear, which belonged, before the late revolution, to the prince of Condd, Lon. i, 3b, E. lat. 49. II. N. * Chaparang, or DsAPROKG, a confiderable city of Thibet iii Al?a, feat cd on the fouthern head of the Ganires, not far weftward from the Lake Mania- roar. Lon. 7?. 4z. Vj. lat. 34. o. N. Chapel-in-Frf iH, a fnwn in Der- byfliire, with a market on Sr.ttird;-.)-. It is feated oh the utmnfl confines of thi Peak, near Chefliirc ; but the market is now come to nothing. It is 17 inins S. E. of Manchefter, and 16; N. N. VV. of London. Lon. i. 55. W. iat. 53. 11. N. C H A Charabon, a feaport on the N. coaft of Java, in the Indian Ocean, 130 miles E. of Hatavia. Lon. 109. 10. E. lat. 6, o. S. Ciiartos, Los, a province of S. Ame- rica, in Peru. It has the finell lilver mines i.i the world. La Plata is che capital. See PoTosi. Chard, a. town in Somcrfetftiire, witli a market on Monday. It is feated on the fide of a hill, fix miles W. of Crewkerne, and 141 VV. by S. of Lon- don. Lnn. 3, 18. \V. lat. 50. c,i. N. Charknte, a department of France, which includes the late province of An- ijouniois. It is named from a river, which lifes in Limofin, runs by Aiigm- lefme and Saintes, aVid falls into the bay ofBifcay. Angoulefme is the capital. ' CuARtNTK, Lower, -i depart- ment of France, which confifts of thi; two Itte provinces of Aunis and Sain- toni^e. Saintcs is th^| capital. Chahkntov, a fmall town, four miles S. of Paris ; once famous for its Protein ant church ; and feated on the river Seine. Lon. 1. 1 c. E. lat. 48. 45. N. ■■• CiiARiTE, La, a town of France, in the department of Nievre and late province of Nivernois. It Ihuids between a lull and the Loire, over which is a ftone bridge. I.s fituation on the road from Paris to Lvons, and tlic canal of Briare, has made its trade very brilk. Here arc forges, for converting the iron in the neighiiouvhood into ftetl, a woollen manu- fadtory, and another for arms, helmets, pinchbeck buckles, ftecl buttons, and hard- ware in general. Here is a very pretty public walk. The fuburb in which it is fitu^.ted, is a kind ni ifiand, which forma about a fourth of the town. Tiie ftone bridj^e coi'.i:r.unicati',ig with it was ruined by the mcTiing of the ice in iri^g. The mi;ft remarkable edifice- in this town is the priory of the late Benedictine Ciunifles. VVlien we confid-r the vaft riches and prerogatives of this monaftery (the prior commendatory of which was temporal lord of the town) we fhould not forget, at the fame time, that, in a feafon of fcarcitv, the whole town has fubfifted upon the bounty of this abbey ; and hence it derives iti name. It is 15 miles N. of Nevers. CiiARi.EMON-T. a borough of Ireland, in the tuunty of Armagh, fcaitd on the river Biackwater, fix miles S. of Dun. gannin. Lon. 6. 37. W; Int. :,^. 44. N. CnARi.EMONf, a fortified town of th'-; Netiierloiids, in the county of Na- mnr, ceded to the French by the treaty 01 Ninie^ucn. It is feated on the river Meulc, C H A I, ;i fcapnrt on the N. coa'll liulian Ocean, i^o inilc^ Lun. IU9. 10. I:^. lat. 6. .OS, a province nf S, Anne- iJt lus t\\c lintll ("liver mines l.:\ Plata ib die capital. town ill Somcifetfhire, on Monthy. It is Icattd ( a hill, fix miles W. of nd 141 VV. by S. of Lon- i^. W. lat. 50. i;2. N. , a department of France, i the Utc province of An- li named from a river, Limofin, runs by AiiL,m- itts, aVid falls into the bay ni;ouIcfme is the capital. TK, Lower, 1 depart- ice, which confifts of thi; inces of Aunis and Sain- s is th^ capital. o\', a Imall town, four miles nee famous for its Proteliant featcd on the river Seine, lat. 48. 45. N. ■t, La, a town of France, nient of Nievre and late Tivernois. It Ihiiids between Loire, over which is a llone fitiiation on the road from IS. and the canal of Briare, trade very brifk. Here arc converting the iron in the *d into ftecl.a woollen inanu- anovher for arms, helmets, cklcs, fleel buttons, and hard- enil. Here is a very pretty The fuinirb in which it is kind oi iCiand, which forms :ii of the town. Tiie ftone lunicating with it was ruined n; of the ice in 1 789. The moft L-dificc- in this town is the ; late Benedictine Ciunifles. :onfui;r the vaft riches and of this monaftery (the prior V of which was temporal lord we fhould not forget, at the lat, in a fcafon of fcarcity, the las fubfifted upon the bounty ' i and hence it derives it» 1 5 mil;3 N. of Nevers. 10 N'T. a borough of Ireland, r of Armagh, featcd on the vater, fix miles S. of Dun- m. 6. 37. W; ht. i;4. 44- N. iONT, a foriilicd town of ;iids, in the county of Na- to the French by the treaty 1. It is felted on the river Meufc, c n A Meufe, 15 miles 9. W. of Namur. Lon. 4. 40. £. lat. ;o. 6. N. Chari.kroy, a town of the Auftriati Netherlands, in the county of N;'miir, built by the Spaniardi, in i(i(ib. It has been (everal limes taken and retiktn in the late wars. It is featcd on tlie river Sambre, 18 miles VV. of Nainur. Lon. 4. 30. E. lat. 50. 10. N. Charles, Capi;, a promontory of N. America, in Virginia, on the N. fide of Chefapcak Bay. Lon. 75. 50. \V. lat. 37- '»-N- Charles, Cape, a promontory of N. America, on the S. W. pait ot the (Irait cnteriuj; into Hudfon's Bay. Lon. 75. 1%. W. 62. 10. N. Charleston', the capital of South Carolina, in N. America. It has a com- modious and fecure harbour, and is a jilacc of g(x)d trade. The public build- ings a "e, an exchange, a ftatehoufc, an ar- moury, and a poorhoufe. In 1787, there were i6co houfes, 9600 white inhabi- tants, and ;4oo negrues. It it fcated on a peninfula, formed by the rivers Aftiley and Cooper, the former of which is na- vigable for Ihips of burden lo miles above the town ; and the banks of the rivers are adorned with beautiful planta- tions, and fine walks, interlperfed with rows of trees, which make this town very agreeable. Lob. 79. 30. VV. lat. 32.50. N. Charles Fort, a fortrefs of Ire- land, at the entrance of Kinfale harbour. Lon. z. ij. W.lat. 51. i. N. ♦ Charlton, a village in Kent, on the ed|e of Blackheath, on the brow of an eminence that commands a fine view of the Thames. It is famous for aa annual fair held here on St. Luke's dav ; it is called Horn Fairs horn wares of all kinds are fold ; the mob wear horns on their heads ; and all that licetftioufnefs prevails which its name imports. Tradi- tion traces the origin of this fair to the time of king John, who, being detedfed in an amour hr.re, was obliged, it is faid, to purchafe his fafety of the injured iiuf- band, by a grant of all the land from this place to Cuckold's Point ; and he eftablifn- td the fair as the tenure. In this paritli, on Blackheath, is Morden College, a noble inftitution for decayed merchants, founded by fir John Morden, barr. a Turkey merchant, feveral years before his death, which happened in 1708. Charleton, an ifland at the bottom of Hudfon's Bay, fubicft to Great Bri- tain. Lon. 79. 5. W.lat. ;i. 3. N. Charley illk, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Cork, 30 milts N. of Cork. Lon, 8. 30. W.lat. 52 23, N, C II A CiiARtEviLi.K, a hanuH/nic town rf FranCti i" 'he dejvirtmrnt of the Ar- dennes and I lie jiroviiice of ChdmpagnCi The Greets are rtrai/hr, and the h.-nift* of .in equal luiji'it. ilere is a inn;;iiiH- rcnt f(iuare, and in ilic centre a' I ui.!- fomc fountain. It is fcatcl .ni the Mcufc, near Mezii.-res, from which it ;. I'tp.i- rated by a bridge and a cuilewav ; 1-, miles N. VV. of S^dan, and 115 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 4;. V. lat. 49. 50. N. Chaklkv, a town of Lancalhirc. with a market on Tuefday. It Is Itaud ne-r the fpringhcad of a rivi.let citled Chor, not far from t!ic rivtr Yarrow 5 fix miles S. E. of Prefton, and -oj N. VV. if Lon- don. L"n. 2. 45. W. hit. c^. jS. N. Chakmes, a town of Fra.icc, in the department if the Vofgcs and late pro- vince of Lorrain, fetted on the Mifclle, over which is a handli-'me bridge. It it eight miles K. of Mirccouii. Lon. 6. 17. E. lai. 4S. 21. N. * Chaknwooij, or Ciiaki.ly Fo- RE.ST, a rou,o- bilitv in France, gave title to the eldeft fon of the duke of Orleans. Here is a gene- ral hofpital, and another for 120 ^blihd perfons. The cathedral is one of the fined in France, and its ftteple much ad- mired. The principal trade confifts in corn. It is feated on the river Euj-c, 4; miles S. W. of Parij. Lon. i. 34. K. lat. 48. 27. N. Chartreuse, -^r. The Grand Chartreuse, lately one of tlie moft celebrated monafteries in Fr.ince, eight miles N. of Grenoble. It is feated on the top of a high mountaiti, which ftands in a plain, three miles in length, having only one entrance, which is (iiiit ' up by agate. It was the chief of .he monafteries of the order of Chartrcux > aiid it is fo large, that tlure were lodgings for all the deputies of the order throughout France, who met here once a yc.ir. The monk* were emploved in all fcrts of i^ inLthanic li A C H A '^"--r^ C H A mechanic am, and fpun and wove their France, in the depi rmunt of Seine and ownclothis. Lon. n, 49. E. liit. 4^. lo. N. Miirnc ami Lite 'province of tlic l(lc of Charyihms, a wl'.irlpnol, jQ^ctit di- France, wirli a L . 'iijutline ahbcy, ameter, in the Itrait of Slt|[ina,T)ctwecn featcd on 1 hill, live miks S. of Nc- Italy and Sicily. It is faid tn iiavc been nioiirs, and ?o S. iiv li. of I'.iris, Lon. 1. entirely icinmcd by tlic dri.adfui earth- 03S. E. lat. 4S. 11. N. qinkc ;n 17S3. = Cm A rK m' i.in, n tovn of France, Cm ATKAt-BRiANT, a town of France, in tlie department of Finiitcrrc and hito in ihc dtparinimt of [,uwtr I.uirc and laic nrovinci" of Brittarv, with an old cftu. }• is J4 II. dt^ S. ol Rcnnes. Lon. ». 16. \V.l,it 47- ■;f'- N. CHArbAU-CA.MBKKSIS, a town of Fr;Hicc, in ilic depart mi lit of the North and late provir.cc or the C':iinbrcris, wiiit a iii.ii^ninctnt palace, whicli belonged to the latciiivliitpilc ip'ill'teof C.imbiay. It is fa- mous for a treaty concluded here between Hi.n«| JI. of France and Philip II. of Sip li^ and is u miles S. E. of Cam- brav. Cmatfau-Chinon', a town of province of Brittany, iS miles N. ot Qj^iimper, on ilic little river Au/on, \vlii:rc tiiere is a lalrnon filhery. CiiA itAi-MKii.i ANT, a town of France, in the dcp.irtment of Cher and 1 ite province of Ue'rrv, nine miles E. of La Ctiatre. Here is a caltjc, with ;i tower, laid to have been built by Juliui Ci-'ar. CiiATFAt'NFUf, a town of France, in the department of Cher and late province of Berry, 16 miles S. of B )iirges. CiiATEAUNEUF, 3 town of Franrr, France, in the department of Nicvre and in the department of Eure and Lc l^c province of Nii'trnois, with a con- . ^ _ fiderable innnufafture of tlrtli. It is feat- cd on the Yonnc, near the fource of that rivir, 36 miks E. of Nevtrb. Lon. 4. 8. E. lit. 47. o. N. Chatf.ad-Dai'I'HIM, a ftroni^ caftle of I'iediTif'nt, in the man|iiil'ate of Salu- ces. It was taken bv the I'rencli and Spaniards in 1744, and rertored by the treaty of Aix-la Chapelle. CuATF.Ai'-D'.'-LoiK, a town of France, in the department of Sarte and late province; of Maine, fiimous for a fiej^e of fevcn years againft the count of Mans. It is feated on the Loir, 22 miles S. E. of Mans, and 9- \V. of Paris. Lon. c. JO. E. lat. 47. 40. N. and late province of Beauce, 12 miles N. E. of Cliartres. CHArKAi'NF.i'F, a town of Frrincc. in the department of Maine and r^i.iii and late province of Herry, I'eated on the Sarte, 11 miles from Amjeis. Ch ATKAt-'-RENAL'lJ, a tOWn of France, in the deparrmi nt of Indre and Loire and late province of Touraine, 20 miles N. W. of Aml)oife, and 88 S. W. of Paris. Lon. i. i. W. hit. 47. 33. N. CiiATEAi'Rot'>;, a town of France, in the late province of Hcrry, and re- cently ertfled into the epifcopal fee of the department of Indre, with a caf- tle. It has a manufaifure in cloth, and is fe:ited on a plcafanr plain on the Inilre, 1 ;; CuATEAUDLiNi^an ancient town of miles S. W. ot liroiulnn, and 148 S. of France, in the department of Eure and Loire and late province of Bi^aucc. Here is a caftle, and a holy chapel, built l)y the famous count of Dunois. The treafury of this chiircli contained a magnificent crofs of gold, enriched with precious ftones, and a ghk vafe whicl^tar; Charlemagne, and iWliid to tars name of the be a prefcnt from Aaron king of Perfia. The ftretts are ftraight ; the h^^jfes uniform ; and the great fquare is very fpacious. Cliateaudun is feated on an cniinence, near the Loir, Paris. Lon. i. ci. E. lat. 46. 46. N. C'HATKAU-THIF.RRy, a town of France, in the department of ifXil'ne anti late province of Champagne, with a h;'.iul- foriie cartic on an eminence, ftnteil on the river Maine. It is the birthplace of the inimitable La Fontaine ; and is 27 miles S. \V. of Rhcims, and 97 N. W. of I'ari^, Lon. 3. 33. E. lat. 49. 2. fl. CiiATEi,, a town of France, in tlie department of the Vofges and late pri - vince of Lorrain, feated on the Mofel!' , 30 miks N. of Blois, and 72 S. W. of eight miles from Mirecourt. Paris. Lon. i. 22. E. lat. 48. 4. N. Chatiau-Gon viBR. a town of France, in the department and late pro- vince of Maine, feated on the river Elaine, with a caftk. It has a mineral fpring ; iis trade confifts in linens ; and it is 22 mile. N. W. of Angers, and 147 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 36. E. lat. 47. 47. N. Chateau-Landun, a town of Chatkl-Ch ALON, a town of France. in the department of Jura and late [-r - vince of Fiaiiclie-Comtt', remarkable t" r its late Bencdifllnc nunnery, 20 miks S. of Dole. Lon. 5. 3S. E. lat. 40. 46. N. CHATrLLF;RAtJLT, a town of Frafic", in the department of Vicnnc and hi-e province of Poitou ; feated in a feni!- aii'i C H A |hc depr. ■•\y^nt of Seine and late prov !■,<•« of tlic Iflc of I'l A 1. . 'i(;uliine ahbcv, iiill, live milts S. of Nc- e.0 S. I)V K. of Paris. Lon. i. |8. II. N. Ik \ I' I, IN, s fovn of France jinincntnf Finiilcrrc nnd \mc It Uriitaiiy, iS milts N. ot Ion tlic little river Au/on, is a lalihoM fillitry. .1-Mkii.i ant, 'a town of the department of Cher and |cc of Ik'rrv, nine milts F,. of Htrt is a caltic, with ,i to have been built by Julius tt'NTUf, a town of France, >irrnitiit of Clier and lafc of Btrry, 16 miles S. of AUNia'F, a town of Franrr, cpartmcnt of Eure and Loin; nninct of Beaucc, ii milts N. ■trts. Ai'NKi'F, a town of France, lartment of Maine and Loin rovincc of Kerry, iVattd on the miles from Anii,tis. ;au-Rf.nauij, a town rf I the (Icparrmi nt of Indre and late province of Touraine, in VV. of^ Amboifc, and 88 S. W. Lon. I. I. W. lat. 47. 3^. N. EAVRorx, a town of France, to province of Berry, and rc- :fted into the epifcopal fee of rtmcnt of Jndre, with a caf- las a manufacture in cloth, and is a plca("a;ir plain on the Indre, i :; 'V. of JiToudun, and 148 S. of ^on. I. CI. E. lat. 46.46. N, kau-Thikrry, a town of n the department of >\il'ne nnd ncc of Champagne, with a h;-.!Hl. Ic on an eminence, ftntcd on the line, [t is the birthplace of the ' La Fontaine ; and is 27 miles S. heims, and 97 N. W. of I'ari . 3. E. lat. 49.2. 1^. EI., a town of France, in the nt of the Vofges and late r>ri - Lorrain, feated on the Mofell. , :s from Mirecourt. kl-Chalon, a town of France. ;partmeRt of Jura and late pr - Frauchc-Ciinuc', remarkable ( ■■: Benediftine nunnery, 20 mil ■; ole. Lon. 5. 38. E. lat. 4.. f.llf.rault, a town of Franc, cpartmcnt of Vicnnc and lac of Poitouj leatcd in a ftni;- an'i C II A and pleafant country, on the river V'i- tiiiic, over winch b a handlome ftonc lrnl};r. Jt is notid for ils cutlery, watch- miik ing, and tl>c cultmj; of fal'e dia- inonds. It f;ivi» the lule of duke to the Scotch duke of Hamilton. It is u miles N. E. of ruiticrs, anil 168 S. W. of l'aii«. Chatham, a town of Kent, adjoining tn Rotliclfer, and feated on the Mtdway. It IS out ot the principal iVifions of the royal navy ; and the yards and mau;a7incs arefurnilhed with all forts of naval (lores. In I'lfi?, the Dutch I'ailed up to this lown| and burnt feveral iiitn of war: but the enrraiice inlothe Midway is now defended by Shtcrneis and oilier forts; and, in the vear i7i7, ftvet.il .ulilitional fortifications were be^;un at Chatham ; fo that now the (iiips art ui no danjri r of an infult, either bv land or water. 1 1 has a market on Sat ur- diV, a church, a chapel of eafe, and p. Hup ufed as a church, for the failors. It is 31 miles E. S. E. of London. Lon. o. 36. E. lat. i;i. z;. N. CiiATii.LON-Li:s-DnMnFS, a town in the department of Ain and late pro- vince of Hrtlft, 12 miles W. of Bourg. CiiATi t.i.oN-siiK-lNDP i;, a town of Fiance, in the department of Indre and late province of Berry, 10 miles -S. of Leches. Lon. o. i;;. E. lat. 47. 22.N. CnATiLi.o,v-suii-M ARNK, a town of France, in the department of Marne and late province of Cliampai^nc, 17 miles S. of Rhcims. Lon. 4. 5. E. lat. 4^. 58. N. CHATILr,O.V-SL'R-SKIN-E, a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or and late province of Burgundy, divided into two by the river Seine. It has iron- works in its nti!;hbo;iihood, and is 36 miles N. VV. of Dijon. Lon. 4. 35. E. lat. 47. 42. N. * CHAToqi'E, Lake, a lake of N. America, in the flatc of New York. It is the fource of the river Conawongo, which runs into the Allegany. The lower end of it, whence the river proceeds, is in lat. 41. 10. N. From the N. VV. of this lake to Lake Eric is nine miles. CiiATRK, '^A, a town of France, in the department o' the Indre and late province of Berry, fea.ed on the river Indre, 37 miles from Mi-'urges. It hr.s a confulerable trade in cattle. Lon. i. 55. E. lat. 46. Chattesworth, a village in Der- bylhire, near the river Derwent, in the Peak, and reckoned one of its wonders. Here is the maenii'iccnt feat of the duke of D."»onlhire, It is fix miles from Chcf- terfield. c II r. CiiAvrs, a town of Pcrfiipal, in liie prmincc of Tra-los-Montes ; leated at iha foot ot a^ountain, on tht rivir Tamcj^n, It h. s tWii Uiliiiriis and • wo fort 9. Ut- tv.een ilu' to« n and ttie liiiuib Mayda- »Jena, is an old Roman lUine bfidk^c. It IS 3^1 n.dts S. W. of Bra^anza. Lon. ;» c. VV . lat. 41. 45. N. CiiAfMONT, a town of France, in tlie department of Upper Mime and late pniviiKC of Cliinip.ijjr.e. 'I'hc prmcip.il g.ite of the vhurch ot tin; colLve is mueli admired, althouijh, in the opini -n of the connoillLin ■., there is too great a profuriifi of ornament, his feated (4i a mountain, near the river Marnc, 14 m;ks S. of Joinvillc. Lon. 5. 9. E. 1 it. 48. H. N. Cii almow I , a town of France, in the d' pnrtmcnt of Oife and lite profiBe of the Ilk of France, 30 miles N. w! i.f Paris. Lon. 2. 7. E. lat. 49. 1 1. N. CiiAL'N'Y, a town of i'Vance, in the department of Aifne, on the river Oift, 20 iniles E. of Noyon. Lon. 3. 18. E> lat. 49. 17. N. CiiUAULK, a town ill Stafforddiirc, with a market on Satuidav. It is feated in the muft fertile part of the moor- lands, II miles N. E. of Staft',id. Lon. 1. 5^.. VV. lat. S3, o. N. ' Che AM, a village in Surry; of whicli M is rcmarkal)lc, that, betiveen the years ic'-'i and 1624, of fix of its reffors fuccehivtly, fi^e became bilhojis. Adjjinin;; to this parilii, is the lite of the villige of Codinton, or Cudiiijjton, near which Henry VII I. built the palace of Nonfuch, fo much celebrated, bv Cam- den and Ilentzncr, tor its magnificence. It was a favourite rcrulcncc of queen El:!a;:eth; but being; granted by Charles II. to theduchefs of Cleveland, /he pulled down the houfc, and dil'parkrd the land. Chi am is 13 miles S. by W. of London. Ciitni.'KTo Harbour, in N. Ame- rica, near Halifax, in Nova Scotia. Lon. 63. 18. \V. lar. 44. 43. N. Chv BKEciiiv, •own of Poland, in Red Rulfia, which Srrics on a }:rcat trade in wax. It is 1 5 miles S. E. of Toroubin. Lon. 28. 41. E.lat. <;o. 3i;-N. Chkdder, a large village of Somcrfet- fliire, famous for its chcefcs, which are the next beft to Stilton cheel'e in England, and as lariie as tlio'e of Che/liire. Ir is three miles E. of Axbridgc. Lon. j. 57 VV. lat. 51. 13. N. Chedw^orth, a villaee of Gloii- ceftcrfliirc, "four miles S. VV. of North Leach, through which the rivct^oln runs to Fairford. It is fituated on the declivity of two hill-s. In this parifh, in 1760, a Roman bath was difcovercd. The Ro- K a maa L. CHE frail FoOc lii« about two inil«% N. W. r>f iliii r|x>t. There it a tumuliiii on jl hill near this bath, witli a rtinarkable hrge l^onc let upright on the top viil) a mild climate, bein|{ between the a4tli and i8th degrees of N. latitude : in fine, a country liltcly to remain for ever in tile hancU of its prcCcnt polTcirors, an never been more than nominally reduced. Ttomc *>f fliL- fortrefles, with which the country abounds, were indeed taken : but the Ipi- rit of Independent n.itions ts not rcfide in fortreflea, nor are they to be conquered will them. Accordiugly, every war on thet'e people, even by Aurungnebe, ended In a compromile, or defeat, on the fide of the aflailants". The country, however, i> now tributary to the Mahrattas. • CHEnouE,or Oi'DiPOUR, a town, in a piovince of the fame name, in Hin- clooftan Proper. It was the capital of the Rana, or chief prince of the Rajpoots, in the djys of hr. ercatnefs ; and was a fortrels and city of great extent, fituated on a mountain ; but it has been in ruins fuice the time of Aurungzibe in i68t. It ik ixo miles S. by E. of Nagpour, Lon. 74. <.('■ E. lat. 25, II. N. Ctii^KiAVo, a maritime province of China, to the W. of Pckin, one of the nHift fertile and trading; provinces of ihtt empire. It is interfperfLd with moun- tains, fruitful fields, rivers, and canals. The inhabitants iwi: famous for making guld and (ilvcr broc idcd filkv, which are vcrv chc-'p ; for they breed quantities of fiikwurui';. In the 'like« of this country i, to be found the golden fifti, well known for its beauty, as alio a tji.c which pro- duces tallow. It contains ti large cities, 77 towns, and many populous vi)la,{es. Chm.m, a town of PoIluhI, in Red KulUa, capital of a palatinate of the fume name, with .i bilhop's Ice ; 100 i;iilei K. S. E. of Wurfaw, Lon. jj. jg. h. Ut. fii. iy. Nk 7 C H R * CiiKiMFa, a river of ElTe*, whUh rifeii n> ar Tb.ixicd, Hows S. by Dunmo\y to Clit'Imsforil, thence takes an ealtcrly dire^tiin V) Maiden, where it joins the river Bl.ickwatcr, and formine the clluaiy called Bl ickwaier Riv, or Maiden Water, cntcru the (tirm^n Ocean, Chf.i.mskoiu>, a h.uidfome town in ElTex, fitu.itcd in a beautiful valley, be- tween the Chtimer and the Can, the gardens of the inhabitants, on each fide ot the town, extending to thole rivers. It was an inconfulerihlc place till the year 1 100, when Maurice bilhop of London (the prelates of that lee beinf; then lordi of tire manor) built a bridge of three arches over the Can, which diverted the road, that before went through Writtle, to this town, and made it the thorough- fare to the N. and E. parts of the county, as well as to SuflMk and Norfolk, This ancient bridge, though culculated to en- dure for a(»es, being too narrow, fince the fine impr ivements in the entrance of the town, was lately taken down, and an ele- oant done bridge of one arch erected in its Head. Chelmsfurd is divided into two pirts by the river Can ; namely, the town, and the hamlet of Moullham. The entrance from London is by this hamlet, along, ill-built, and, for fo great a thorough- fare, very narrow ftreet. But, on croIT- ing the bridge, and entering the town, a fpatious well-built ftreet opens by a gcntlo curve, and prefents, as a terniination, a magnificent new Ihirc-houfe, fronted with Portland ftone. Behind this appear the tower and fpirc of the pariOi ciiurch, an ancient and handfome Gothic ftru£ture. The oblique pofition of the fhire-houlc f which has a pleafing efTu^t) indicates << arther operung, in which is a new con- duit, which alfords a plentiful fupply of excellent water, and the elegant figures ot which are from Coade's artificial Aone manufadlory. A fmall theatre was lately ertfted j but, though convenient and ele- gant in the inllde, its fituation in a private yard, is unfortunate. In Duke-ftreet, is a freefchool founded by Edward VI. In this town, the alli/es, quarter-fefFions, and eleAions of knights of the Ihire are conllantly held, as well as the principal meetings on (xiblic bufinefs. The county gaol, a lar(;c aid handfome new edifice, (lands in Moulfham, near the bridge, and has two fronts of Portland ftone, one to the ftreet, and the other to the river. The natural confluence of the two rivers is about half a mile from the town ; but, a little below the bridge, the Cheimcr, though the principal ftream, is diverted into the Can by an artificial channel. On entcr- <;i. firft befit air is rivil the aiKl I'.avc juibai C H R C H F CHE a, A river of ElTcif, whkh xicd, Howt S. by Diini)>ii\v thiiicc tak« an t«ft«rly kl.iUlcii, where it juini the tcr, Mnd forming the crtuaiy itcrRiVi or Maiden Watci, iiiAn Ocean. >Kii, a hitKironie town in I in a beautiful valley, be- hcliDcr and the Can, th« inhabitant*, on each AJc ot tniliiij; to thole rivers. It fi.itrihle place till the year Maurice bilhop of London of that Itc being then lordi ) built a bridj^e of three he Can, which diverted the fore went through Writtle, and made it the thorouf'.b- . and E. parts of the county, Sufiak and Norfolk. Thiv ;c, though calculated to cu. , being too narrow, fince the mcnts in tlic entrance of the itily taken down, and an tic- idge of one arch erefted in it» msford is divided into two ,e river Can ; namely, the le liamlet of MouKham. The m London i» by this hamlet, ilt, and, for fo great a thorough- arrow ftreet. But, on croIT- je, and entering the town, .» ,1-built ftreet opens by a gcntlg prefcnts, as a terntination, a new fliirc-houfe, fronted with me. Behind this appear the fpire of the parifli cnurch, an haiidfome Gothic ftrufture. c pofition of the (hire-houlc a plcafing eflfsft) indicates a ninjr, in which is a new con- 1 affords a plentiful fupply of atcr, and the elegant figures ot from Coade's artificial ftone y. A fmall theatre was lately ut, though convenient and ele- inlidc, its fituation iu a private ifortunatc. In Duke-ftreet, is 1 founded by Edward VL In the alVi/es, quarter-fcirions, ns of knights of the fhire are held, as well as the principal B public bufinefs. The county gb and handfoinc new edifice, liiulrtiam, near the bridge, and ■onts of Portland ftone, one to and the other to the river, al confluence of the two rivers ,!f a mile from the town ; but, a w the bridjjc, the Chelmcr, e principal rtream, is diverted an by an artificial channel. On enter- eUtfcrins the town, the great rf«d Hividci ; that toColchel^tr, Ipfwieb., and Harwich, turning abruptly to the rieht ovtr the mean timber bridge of the Chelmcr i and that to Sudbury, Burv St. K.lmund'i, and Norwich, prweKlii.j; dirc^dy hrough the main iHeet ; while the traveller to Yarmouth may take either road. An art nf parliament wai lanly obtained, to watch, pave, and lii,',ht the town ; but, in cnnfequence vif l*)mf ( ppolition tothi* aft, a curioiii tircumft-.nce occurred by wav of compromifc ; the foot- way, on one (ideof the m.iin llrcct, being p.ived wiili flag- ftnnes, in the fame manner as in Limdon, while the other fide, as well as the car- riage-way, is gravel. The ftreet, how- ever, lyiiip on a gcnile defctnt, with a final! current of water from the conduit, is conftantly neat and clean. This town has a confiderable market for corn, cattle, and provifions, on Friday ; and in 17 93, an aft wai obtained, to make the Chelmcr na- vii;iblc hence to Maiden. Chelmnford is ii'miles S. W. by W. of CoKhefter, and K) N. E. by E. of L,or.don. Lon. o. 3 j. K. lat. ^i. 43. N. Chei.ska, a village in MiJdIelex. on the Thanies, one mile W. of VVtftminftcr ; remarkable fur its magniticent h fpital for the invalids of the army, and for the noble rotundo in the i^arden of Rantlngh Houfc, a place of falliionable amul'ement in the fummerevcnin_^s, and the fmcft firufture of the kind in Europe. Hero is alfo an excellent phvfic garden, belonging to the company (if Ajiothccariss.^ Chkltknham, a town of CJlouccftcr- (hire, with a market on Thurl'day. It has a handfome church ; but is moft noted for its mineral waters, which arc fome- what like thofc of Scarborouph. Ir is nine miles N. E. of Glouceftcr, and o^. W. by N. of London. Lon. s. it. W. lat. i;i. 5',. N. *■■ Chei.UM, a river of Hindoiflan Pro- per, being the wefternmoft of the tive caftern branches nf the river Indus. It riles above Caihinere, waters that city, and flowing through the province of tl'ie fame name, in a S. E. direftiun, unites with the Indus below Moultan. This ri- ver is the famoui Hydafpcs of Alexander. Chensi, a province iu the N. W. part of China. It contains eight cities of the firft rank, and 106 of tiie fccond and third, befide many forts on the great wall. The air is temperate, and the inhabitants more eivil and affable to ftrangcrs than others in the northern parts. Tlie loil is fertile, and abounds in wheat n ' millet. They liavc alfo rhubarb, honey, wax.mufk, cin- jiabar, and coaUmiues. Thcv bavt- a I'-rcat number of deer, bean, wild hiilN, .mil an animal refemb|,ne ■ tiger, svliolt (km 1* very curioun. There arc iir<» niulli- guatu, and bats at |irtj;e as hem, lididc two or three other fjrti of uuimaU ((uiie uiiknov.'ii in Europe. CiiKi'Kiio, an iflanJ of America, in the bay ol Panami , 3 miles from the vwn of Panama, v liich it fuppliet with i>rovi. fioni and fr6it. Lo.;. «o. 1 5. E. fat. S. 46. N. Chkistow, a town of Monmouth- fhire, with a market on Saturday. It it feated on the fide of a hill, on tli'. Wye, near its eonlluencc with the Severn. It was formciiy a confiderable place, and h ul a large r iftle on a rock, and a priory, part of which V\'.\ is converted into a church. 1 1 has a haiullijinc hi^;li brulgt ovt r the river, and fends provilions and other com. nodi- ties to Biidol. This town is walleil roinil, and the Ihtets are broid and widl- paved. The tide is I'aiil to rile hij^her heie tliau in any other pirr nf Europe, it rwelliij; to 5c or 6a fi-et pcrpriurkular. It is ii| miles N.of UriHul, and 117 W. r,f Lo„. don. Lon. 1. 36. W. lit. i;i.42.N. ' Cmki'., a depaitmcnt of iTanec, in« fluiling part of the late province of B rrv. It receives its name from tlie river Clii V, which rifes in Auvergne, and watering Tours, SkC. falls into the Loire, fivi: niilm above the mouth of the InJre. U iii:-gc» is the capital. Cii E K A sr o, a confiderable tnwn of Pied- mont, cajMt.il of a tei.itiry of the rainc name, with a ftrong citadel, to wliieh the kiny of Sardinia retired in 1706, durinj; the fiege of Turin. It is feated at tlij confluence of the Sturia and Tanaro. upim a mountain, 24 miles 8. E. of Turin. Lon. 7. 59. E. lat. 44. .n. N. Cher BUBO, a feaporr of France, in the department of the Channel and Uu- province of Normandy, v. ith a harboor and late Auguftine abbey. It is remark- able for the iVsfight between the Knsjiilli and French fleets in i6oi, when the latter were bear, and upward of twenty oftlieir mtn of war burnt near Cape hi Hoi;uu. The Englifh landed here in Aiiguft i;',i, and rook the town, with the lliips in the- bafin, demoliflied the fortifications, and ruined t',''e other works whicli had l)ceii liiifr ;\boat, tn enlarge the liii-lvuir, and render ic more fafe and couvenicv f.ir (hippinjr. Tiic works were reluined, on a very ihipendoiis fcalc, hv the late unfor- tunate Lcw's XVI. hut ihcir pro^jrefs was interrupted bv the hte u.uxpctt'ed ferits of events in France. At Cherhurg is a ficictv, whofe principal ubjeft^ is the natu- nl hiftory of the countty, with a pro|S[r K } attcutijii •'.m i4fj«ii^in*i III I CHE attention to nivia;ation ap.l cornrnffc. It is i;o miles- N. \V. of Caen. Lon. i. 33.F,. lat. 49. 3 S.N. CiiF.Rf.soiM,, n town of Tuvkey in Afia, cipital i-t CuniiSan, ^^c r.iilci N. •CHE W. bv S. v.{ London. Lon. o. 20. W. lat. 51.25. N. CHKKi, an rinci'-nt town of P pl.md, in Mafovi'.i, 1 1, nvAci from Wt- tu-i.'cn Cape Ciurrl-.-s and C.'pe ilcnrv in Virjiinii, 11 milss wide, and it extend. 270 '.Tiilestothc N. diviilinti; Virginia trim cf B'if!iLid. l,on. 44. 15. t,. lat. 35. 50. N. '■ Chkxokke River. See Brijaii Tkns'kssli;. Ciir.tiKY Isr.ANn, in the Kortiiern Ocean, between Norway and Grtfnland. Maryland. It !> from 7 ti' J'i niile broad, Lon. 20. 5. E. lat. 74. 30. N. and generally 9 fathoms deep ; atfjrdiny; Cherso, an Ifland in the gulf of Ve- a fafe and e ify n ivigition and many com - nice, wiih a town of the fame name near modious harouur'^. 1 receives the Suf- Crr.alia, beionning to the Venetians. The qiiehannah, Potomac, R ippahannoc, York, air is good, but the (oil ftony ; however, and Jamco iii\er», ivhicii are all large and it aboiindi in ^vine, eat.le, oil, and excel- navi:^able. Lon. 76. o. W. lat. 36. lent honey. Lun. 14. 40. E. lat. 4;;. 45. N. II. N. Chesiiam, a town of ]?ucks, with a * CllF.RSOy, the capital of New Riif- market on Wednei'day. It is iz miles S. fia, in the governiTicnt of Catharinenilaf. E. of i^ilcilury, and 29 W. by N. of It is a new town, ercfted bv tlie emprefs London. Lon. o. 36. W. lat, t,i. 41. N. Ciihaiine ILontlieN. bank of the river Chesk IRK. an H;ii;lilh comity palatine, P ''rpcr, 10 mil'.s below the mouili of the feparated out 13 miles in length, and fi.c in breadth, formed by the nnuith-i of the Merfey and the Dee. Tlie whole county fxtends 33 miles in lent'th from N. to S. made of them. I'hcy are tall and ftnmg, and 42 in breadth from E. to V\', without and artbrd ilicher to various Ainds of aijiia- fic birds, f)me of which are very beautiful. The tortilications are made, and the pkui- tations fonned, by maUfartors, who amount to fome hundreds. In 17S7, the emprtlb n.adt a triiimphant journey to this capital, and here met the emperor Jofcp!i II. Hi-r intention, it i? !kid, was to be crowned here queen >.f Tr.uriea, including the pcnivifula juft nicutl(;ned on the W. or a narrow tr.ift of land which Hretches l)etwee'i Lancalhirc and Derby- fliire, quite to Yorklhire, <;n the 1». E. It is divideil into fevon hundreds, con- taining one city, 11 market-towns, and 101 pari dies. It fends two members to parliament for tile countv, and two f r the city of Chefter. The air is temper- and '!m;.>ref> of the E.ift. But the dcfign, atelif cold, and very hcahhful ; for the ge- whate\ er it was, did not take place ; and Catharine was con cnt 10 have infcribej over one of tiia twites of the city, <' Through this gate lie? the road to By- zantium." in ibis place, in 1790, the cc'ebiated Mr. Howard, io well known for hi,s plans of n for.ti of the diiferent iuif- nerality of the inl'.abitanvs live to a good old age. It is rich in pafture and corn land ; but there arc fevera! heaths upon •vhich horfcs and (htep feed, amjn^ v.'liich ar-; the extcnfive forcfts of Mac- clesfield aiid Dvlariere. X'ue country is generally level ; tiie hijjheil hiils in it are pital; and prifons of Europe, tell a vidtim abouli I'rtd h"m ; and the extcnfive paf- to his ir,d(-fui;;able hunianity. Chorion farts with which it abounds feed a great is 50 mii-js K. or OczaKow, Lon. 33. 10. r.uniber i;f cow;, v> hoft milk ia peculiarly E. lat. 4ft. 5, N. rich, and of wiiich is made the excellent CuEtiTSEv, a trwn of Surry, with a cheee .well known by the name of Che- marker ■, n Wednefdiv. It is feated r';ar fliire ; of which fuch quantities are made, the ThBi!'cs, over wlvid- is a handforne tliat London alone is (aid to take annually ftor.e bridge > f (even arch s,'. i'r in r-S;. fourteen thoufand tons of it : valt quanti- Jt is ft;vcn niiks \V, of KinRllt,ii, and jo ti.s arg ulfo font to Biiflol, York, Scot- lata . ■•UAiiiteilt.Ht^^fc^^ar^ » ^^, t- J.? idfm '.-dJK***^*-! CHE London. Lon. o. 20. W. lat. an Hnc.icnt town of Pul.-ind, in [s miles from Warfusv. Lon. lar. ; ■•.. I. N. 'K AK, one of the hrgeft baysin •1 wc.rlj. Its cH'iM.icc is Uc- lic Cn^lt;s and C.-pe ilenrv in II miles wide, ;iiul ir extendi lolhc N. dr/iilinii \'lr!'iniii tnin It i:. troni 7 tu iS niiic bioiij, rallv 9 fathonr. deep ; atfjidiny- t liy THvigition and many coin- iar'iiiur«. L" rer.tivcs the Siif- j!i, Potomac, Rappaliaiinoc, York, |:. lincr^, wliicli uri; all large and Lon. 76. o. W. lat. jd. JAM, r, town of ISiicks, with a 11 \\'edneii.lay. It is li miU-s S. lilcilaii-y. and 29 W. V)y N. of Lon. o.'bA. VV. In:, ^i. 41. N. KIRK, an l'-;ii^lill» county palatine, mthcN. from Lanct'liircby the erf-y. bur jtift at thi; N. E. point -s on Yorkliiiic ; on thf E. it i-; bv U;rby!iiire ; on the S. E.. by ll'.ire ; ,on the S. bv Shroplhire ; \'. by Dcnhighfhire and Fiinllhirc, liich latter it is Separated by the nd on the N. W. it is v.aflied by S-,;a, into which projeiJls a penin- lUt 13 niik-.i in length, and fi.c in formed by the ni"tiths of the and the Dee. Tlit whole countv 33 iniics in lent". a fioin N. to S. in breadth frnir. K. to W . without ig the pcnililula jnft mentioned on , or a narrow tr.ift of land which :s between Lanculhirc and Dcrby- luite to York (hire, on the 1-.". E. r'ided intv) fcvon hundreds, con- one city, 1 1 marktt-towns, and rii'hts. It lends two members to lent for liie county, and two f.r y of Chefter. The air is temper- ild, and very hcalrliftil ; for the ge- y of the inl'.abitants live to a good :. It is rich in pailurc and corn but there arc fevera! heaths upon horffs ;nid fhccp feed, nmJn^' are thi' extcnfive forcfts of Mae- d and D'.lanere. 2'iie coiintrv ii 11 »/ !i:vel ; tiic hi^heil hiils in it are I'nd h"m ; and the extcnfive paf- vith whic'i it abounds feed a great irof cowi, whoft milk i:> peculiarly uid of wjiich is made the excellei-.t .well known by the name of Che- of which fuch quantities are made, ondon ahjne is (aid to take annually sn thoafand tons of it : vail qumti- p ulfo Igut to Biillol, York, Scor- C II E and, Ireland, ic. However, a confider- antity of what commonly goes by the name of Clu.lhire chetl'e is made in Slnoplliirr, Siart'u Jliiirc, and l.ancalliire. 'I'his county is hkewife famous for its lait Ipriiigs -Ai Nainptwich, Middle-A ich, Northwich, and Winsford ; and, ai North- with, there are vail [lit- of lijlid fait rock. The principal rivers are the Merfev, \Veaver, Dee, and Dane. In this county ail'u are I'everal I'niail lakes. CiiLSTFU, the capital of Chelhire, with two markets, on WediieI'dav and Sa- turday. It is a ph'ce of great antiquity, and of a quadrangular form. The walls are near two miles in circumferenee, and th'-rt are four s',ates, toward the tour car- dinal [loints. It hps a I'tnjnt; caftle, in which sthe Ihire-hall. The main itreeis have . -leculiarity of conftiutlion. They are hollowed out in the rock to tlic deptli of one ftory beneath the level of the ground on each Jide ; and the hoults have a fort of ci'Vered portico running .nut from houfe to houle and ftreet to lirect, level with the ground at the back, C H I worftcd and cotton fiockinp;?, nnd nlfo of carpets. There arc four potteries for brown ware, and near the town large iron I'oundries, the ore and coa! for the lupply of which are (lug in the vicinity. Large quantities of lead arc lent from' Chcner- licld, bv the new canal cut from this town to the Trent, which it j(;ins below Gainf- borough. Clielicrlield is 22 miles N. of Derby, and 149 N. N. W. of London. Lon. I. 27. W. lat. 153. iS. N, Ciii;VK)r llii.i.s, a ridgc of moun- tains, wdiich run from N. to S. through Cumi-erland and Northumberland. Near ihtfe many an tjbllinate battle has been fought btiween the Enghili and Scots, before the two kingdoms were united. Thefe hills are chieflv wild and open Ihetivwalks : gc^ats alio are fed among them. _ The iTate of the piior lliephcrds is as miferiible as that of iiuiirin creatures can well be; and the country has been greatly deponuLrtd by the pradlice of throwi.ig iT,?aiy (mall farms into (ingle ones ol great extent, conllfting either of wide Iheepwalks, or vail corn-fields. Some ut one ftory above tlie ftrcct. They are of the fineft ci'ile in the kingdom arc called rows, and aflbrd a flieltcrtd walk for the foot palTengers. Round them are Iheps and warchoufes on the ievtl of the ftreet. Chefter contains 10 parilh churches, belide the cathedral. It has a conftant communication with Ireland ; this and Holyhead being the principal places of taking Ihipping tor Dublin. It lias afmall Ihare of foreign trade ; and its two annual fairs are- the molt noted in Eng- land, cfpeci'.ilv for the lale of Irifh linen. it has a manitfailoy of gloves, and a con- fnier.ible trafRc of Ihop goods into N. Wales. It is.'however, chielly diftinguidr- ed for the relidence of many families of gentry from the county and from Wales, it gives the title of earl to the prince of W'alei, is go\erned by a mavor, two Ihe- riffs, and 24 aldermen ; fends two mein- bers to parliament^ and i-> a billiop's fee. It is iSi milts N. VV. of London. Lon. 3. 3.W. lat. 53. .2.N. CiiHbrr. R, West, the capita' of the ci muy of Chefter, in Pennfylvania. Ir. is Cc "ted on the Delaware, and has a fine harb'jur. Lon. 75. 27- VV. lat, 39. 54. N'. Chesterfield, a town of Dtrby- fiiiri, with a market on Saturday. It is fiattd on a hill, between two liiiall rivers, and has a liundn of Italy, in the 3ref- ciano. tamous for a viftory obtained by the Imperialifts over the French in 1701. Loii. 10. 17. E. lat. 45. 30. N. Chiaro-Mon'ti, a town of Sicily, on a luountain, le, miles W. of Syracufc. Lon. 14. 59. E. lat. 37. 3. N. CHiAVfS'NA, a hardfomc town of S-.viflerland, capital of a county of the fame name, under the fovereignty of the Gri- fons. It is a trading place, el^cciaily in wine and delicate fruits. The govetrior's palace, and the churches, are magnificent ; and the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. The gieat fupport of this town is the tranf- port ol nierciiadife, it being the principal communicati' n between the Mil.incfc and Germany. Ilert are the ruins of a once celebrated fortrifs, on the fummit of a ;iert tor the M. part ot the county. Jt is - .-, ^ ,.,w,i.,,u ^1 a. governed by a mayor, and, next to Derby, rock which overlooked the town; and i.s the moft jonhderable trading town in ckaie to Ciiia\ enua, is a rock of aftieftos, a th<; cuun'-V. It has a Uianuhiilory of kind of miutral fubltance, of a greyilh • t • K 4 filvcr .'■ ' : ' ■ - \'-' -.>■, I C II I m ii wM ii Mq i> _ — 1^ i| w n ^ Mym«ff ii ^ wigi g i LHtw;nif' !' w ^ y ' C H I r!v»r colour, which cnn be drawn mit * Ghiowem, a village in EITex, noir into lungitu'.inal liliiei ps fine as thread, F.pping Foreft. Here is a frcefchool, and ib rtippoltfi to be iiulj-ftruiitihie by tire, founded by archbiftiop Harfnett, who had The am 'Ms iii.!nii!"at'iiied it into a fpe- been vicar of this place. He was buried tits of ciuii; ii.lcnibhrt', hncn. and iifed it in the church; and Ijis graveftone was principally lor fnriuKh, in which the bo. adorned with his figure in brafs, in his (lies if tnt ^i^'it were enveloped before pontifical robes. This, for the better prc- they wtit ijlaced w t. i luner.il pile. Chi- Itrvation of it, has been fixed on a pedcf- svtnna is ftatcd nt jr ilie lakesof Chiavcn- til in the chancel. Chigwell is lo inile« na hikJ Ci.nio. Lcn. 9. n;. E. lat. 46. N. E. of London. ig. N. Chiiiiki. or Port-Chekr, a town ' Ciii/\VF.NN,\. Laohf.tto PI, a of Arabia Felix, with a harbour. It car- fmall lake of tiie country of the Grifons, rics on a confidcr;ible trade. Lon. 49. 25. jn Swiiitiland, near the town of the lainc E. Int. 14. 40. N. name. Tlw; views of this lake arc ex- Ch I i.i, a large country of S. America, triiiicl' w'ild and niugpificent ; furrounded on the South Sea, ■^50 inilesi in length, and as it is by barren roiks, craggy, nnd rifing from 37 to 50 in breadth. It was difco- into fpiit^ Ipriiikled with Inow. The vercd by Don Diego d'AImagro in 1525. bales of thefe dreadful precipices are loft It abounds in trees, fruits, Indian corn, in tho 'It: d and ovcrfliadowed water, dan- cattle, and mines of all kinds. The great- rcrotis on iiccLunt of Iti malignant vapni'.rs, and afford li- n^aiyliun, fcarcdv.a land- jrg-placc, t(i th'j crews of thole frail br-j's, which ;irc cauriit unv.inly in the violent ilorms to w iiicli it is I'uiijci'''. Chjckkster, the capital of SufftfX, wi'li two rr.arkc'f, on Wedre'day and Sa- cft part is inhabited by the native Ameri- cans, who have neither towns nor villages, properly (peaking, but only wretched huts, at a diftance from each other. The co- lour of their Ikin is ihat of a red copper, as in ;;ll other parts of America ; and fince the introduftion of horfcs by the Eu- turd'iv. It is le.itetl in a phiiii, on the ri- ropeans, they feldcm travel without one, ver Lc\ant. It is a bifliop's fee, .;n of the a pcrl'on may {land in tht piarket-placc, breach of the Tea over a tlat fandy furfacr, vhich is the centre, and fee the four whofe elevation was fomcthing above the gates. It exports corn, mal^, &c. and has level of the country v.ithin. Jt commu- Jome foreign C(/ninierce, an'(l a inanufac- nicaics with the fca by a very narrow but tnrv of needles. The haven affords line deep opening, and is fhalhrtv within. It lobfters. It is 61 miles S. W. of London, is 40 miles long from N. E. to S. W. and, Lon. c. 48. \V. lat. 50. i;o. N. in moft place';, 12 or i :; wide, with a nar- ClIiKLtFA, a town of Turkey in Eu- row (lip of ground between it and the fea. rope, iri the Morea. It was taken by the Jt has many inhabited iflands in it. On Venetians in i6b's ; but' the Turks re- the N. W. it is bninded by - 'idge of tcnk it. JLiOn. ti. 2S. E. lat. 3C1. 35. N. mountains, a continuation of that which CiUKMSEE, a Icike of GcrmSny, in extends from (he Mahanuddy to the God- Bavaria, which contains a town of the avety River, and Ihuts up the Circars to. fame name, where there is a bitliop's fee. ward the continent. To thofe who fail ■: The ifland in which it flands is 17 miles fo'me diftance from the coaft, this lake has in circumference, and lies zz miles W . S. the appearance of a deep bay ; the flip of W. of Saltzbiirg. ■ land not being vifiblc. Cuif.Ki, a fcrtificd town of Piedmont, ChiI-OT, an iflnnd of S. An-erica, on feated on the dcilivity of a hill, in a plcn- the conft of Chili, in the South Sea, 12.5 lant country, boimried on all fides by hills miles in length, and 17 in breadth. The covered with vines. li; is eight miles E. principal towii is Caftro. ofTurin. CHf.fKRii, a chain of chalky hills, ChirTi, a town of the kingdom of I'unnin'j; from E. to W. through Bucking- "Naples, capita! of Abruzzo Citcciore, with hsmfliirc. They arc covered, in various sn arclibilhop's fee. Jt is feated on a rnounrain near the river Pefcara, eight wiles S. W. of PcfcEra. Lon. 1^. ■/ E. parts, with woods ; sn-l fomeof the emi- nences are of cnfiderpb'e lieight, and af !at. ii. io- N. ford rich prnfpf(?!-s. Thi:; diftri.-> btl iii-'s to the crown, which, for time iiniviemorial, has C H I i-L, a village in EfiTex, noir ft. Here is a frpcfchool, :hbi(}inp Harfnett, who had this place. He was buried 1 ; and Ijis graveftone was his figure in brafs, in his 5. This, for the better pre- , has been fixtd on a pcdcf- nccl. Chigwcll is 10 mile* ion. or Port-Chekr, a town ix, with a harbour. It car- dcr;ib!e trade. Lon. 49. 25. . N. jrgc country of S. America, Sea, ^^50 mileb in length, and 3 in breadth. It \\ as difco- 1 Diego d'Almagro in 1525. 1 trees fruits, Indian corn, nes of all kinds. The grcat- labittd by the native Amtri- ic neither towns nor villages, king, but only wretched huts, from each other. The co- Ikin i^ ihat of a red copper, ler parts rf America ; and oduftit'u of horfcs bv the Eu- ' feldcm travel without one, ilenty of them. It is bounded y the South Sea, and on the idcs. A. a lake in the Deccan of which bounds the five Cir- N. It lies on the coaft of the al, and fctms the ciTec'l of the c lea over a tlat fandy furfacr, ion was fomething above lUe country v.ithin. Jt conimu- thc foa by a very nr.rrow but g, and is fhalhrtv within. It ong from N. E. to S. W. and, «•;, 12 or I 5 wide, with a nar- finund between it and the fea. y inhabited iflands in it. On . it is bfiinded by - 'idge of a continuation of that which n (he Mahanuddy to the God- ■, and Ihuts up the Circars to. intinent. To thofe who fail ■ ce from the coaft, this lake has nee of a deep bay ; the flip of mg viriblc. , an iftand of S. Airerica, on ; Ciiili, in the South Sea, 12.5 igth, and 17 in breadth. The \vn is Caftro. Rii, a chain of chalky hills, iin E. to W. through Bucking- They arc covered, in various 1 wonils : sn-l fonitof the tmi- of cnfiderpb'e !:ci;;ht, and af- rnfprjeft to the Turks. It is feated on a rock near the fiibjeil'.s as l.is ('ludren, n-H. iiroi-Rvs to govern them v. i-h piternnl afll.7tioii. lea, ^9 miles N. of Corfu, at the entrance of the gulf of Venice. Lon. zo. ii. E. lat. 40. 9. N. CiiiMLEiGH, a town in Devonfliirc, .with r. market on Wcdnefday. It is al- moft furrounded by the i;v<.r Dart, and is 21 miles N. N. \V. of Exeter. Lon. 3. 55. W. lat. ^o. 57- N. China, an cxtcnfue empire in Afia, I'here is no country in -ihr world where bounded on the N. by E. Tartary, from the in-ialMiants are loci ri /rrr'ous as hc?'e| which ir is feparatcd by a gre.;-. wall above and yet they cheat as much in i\uW deal- 1000 miles ill length; on the* E by the ings as in the moft uncivilized c untr"^. Yellow Sea and the Chinefe Ocean ; on Their empire is vi 1 v ancient, aid they the S. by that ocean and the kingdoms of pretend that it exiliiyl manv thoiiaiitl Tf.ntpiin and Burmah ; and on the W. by years before Noah's flo/.r'. Jr is gener.aiy mountains and deferts which divide it alliued to have contir. d 4000 years, from Thibet. It lies between 100" and though they have had .-- claerent fauiilies 125" E. lon. and 20° and 41" N. lat. Tt on the throne. The fauuiv now reigning is 2000 miles in length, from N. to S. and I ;oo in breadth, frtim E. to VV. and is divided into ib provinces, which contain J 55 towns of the firft rank, 1312 of the fecond, 2^57 fortified towns, and about ^o, coo, coo of people. There are (everal large rivers, and where thcfe'arc wanting, there are artificial canali. It ischidly a flat open country ; but there are fonie jnountaiu"!, which are well-cultivated, and covered \»'ith trees, and there are mmes thro of the Tartars, confifting only ol' a {'rotiiid iloor. Learn- ing, with die arts a:id uicr.ces in get . al, isiiauii culrivated in tliis c ..i^ry. The g;veriiment is abiolute, and the t'ltrji^rcr has a privilege of nan. 1;;;^;. his forv.-. :Tor j but the ch.icf mandarin ^as peiui.if; n "> rcll him of his faulii;. He lo )ks npi^n hi* conquered is that or tne 1 artars, wiio China in 164?. Their relig-on is Pagan- ifm. They allow polvgam.-, a'ld k p their wives prcttv cloCc. Their writing is very particular ; for every lertrr is a word, and eonleijuently they have as many letters, or charadcrt, as words in their language. All their t.iwns are fo niuch alike, tb.at thofe that kimw one, are ac- quainted with all. Pekin is the capital. The annual revenues of the crown are of irtjn, tin, copper, quicklilver, gold, and computed at 2t,ooo,oorl. Herling, and the filvcr. There i; abundance of corn, and forces ars laid to cnfift of ^,ooc,ooo of pulfc of all forts, clpeciallv rice. A gt:cat men in time of peace ; but they have no number of fimples, and llveral trees and fruits, are peculiar to the country, particu- iaHy a tree thpt produces pcafe, very lit- tle eVtfe-rent from tlu.l'e of Europe; an- other bcarirg a kind of guui, which makes enemies vo cope wi:h. The Cliinefe pre- tend to have a irreat veneration for their anceftors ; and lome keep images of them in tin ir liouies, to which they pay a fort of adoration. Thty have laws which rc- •Fwuj uw^mmi^mi mm ^'V^ C II O ri'atc the c.viUtics and c rc.noninns n„a- «tu,ns they pay to cncii other. L.r wh.ci re»!on they always api^car to be ex.P.nu: y »o«t- fiil as anv ptoplt in the world. cluZi a valley of S An-r,ca m Pevu. It has a leaport <,f the lame u.nut, on a river 90 utiles S. of Lima. Loii. lb- It. W.Lit. 13. to. S. .„.,., Chisvy, atownofthe Aiiftrmn Nc- tluTlamls, ott the totifntcs ot^f.e b.fi.npric of Liege, eit',ht milt. K. of Dinattt. Lun. 4. r-7.E. lat. 50. iH N. Chinon, an ancient town of tranc, in the department of Indrc anl ^^"'-''^ ^"^ Ite prov ince of Toura.ne. It. ti.c ealtle cLircd\andherethee.lebr;ted.Joanot Arc ftrft prefet.tcd herlclf, u. a nt.htary hibit. bef';re Charles VH. Cmnon was SeUrtbpUeofRabela.sandofQutliet. It is featery which the Romans gained h.re over the fleet of Anti;)ch'.r., in the ye ,f iqi U C. and has been rcetntlv diftin,4'.iit!ied by the total deilruftion of 'the Turkiih Ueet by tlie Rul^ians in i77^- •' Chi;,w!CK, avillagein Middlefcx, pti the Thames. Hc:-e is Chil'.vick Houi'e, a celebrated villa of tb.e riu!iJ of Devon- shire, built by the earl of Burlington, after a delign of P,i!!:idK)'s. In tiu cluirchyard i-, a monument to themern'iryof Hoj^arth, with an tpit:i|)!i bv Garriclc. CUilv, u.k. is five miles W. bi/'S. of Lond m, Chitro, anwn of Turkey in puropc, on the hay t.-f Salonichi; the place wheie the mother, wife, a!ld Ton of Alexander were murdered by Calfander ; and where Perfeus, king of Macedonia, was d'jfeated by the Romans. Lon. 21. 3f,. E. iat. 40, .O.N. ' Chittf.drooc, a to\vn ot the pe. ninfula of Hindoottan, in th-; kingdom of Myibre, 117 miles N. by W. of beringa- patam. Lon. 76. 15. E- Iat- >4' S- N. CmvAS, a town of Piedmont, which has been fever.il times taken and re- taken. It is fo advant.igeouny fituatcd near the river Po, that it is tlie key of Italy, it is It miles N. E. of Turin. Lon. 7. 47- R-l«- 4-- n- N. . Ctiii'^i, an epilcopal town of Italy, m Tufcinv, pooil/ peopled, on account of Cino///.o, a to.vn and liland ot Italy, it» tin- territory of Venire, with a bilhops fee, and a luriwnr, defended by a tort. Jcis 18 miles S. of Venice. Lon. u. 9' E. Iat. 45. J7- N- r ,v;h. CiiffPKNHAM, a borough of \\ Ats, with a rtarktr on Saturday. It is leattd en the Avon, over which is a handumie fVone bridge of ,6 arches. It is 2. umes p. of nri«<.d, and 94 W. of London. L.jn.i. 8. W. Iat. ^i. 17.K tH.KK, a village S. of Wrexham, ir. Pe-ibi^bniire. It had formerly two ciidlesron the top of a hil!, one ot winch h dill entire in many parts, and iecms to have been a miig'-iificent ft ruaure. * Cillsi.EHL'itsT, a village of Kent, rear Bromley. Here is Camden 1 ace, the .mcient feat of eavl Camden, and the refidence of the celebrated antujuary ot taat name, who died h:rfc Cl.nlenurlt ^va!; aUl. the birtb.place of fir Nicko.a. B'.con and fir Vrancis Walfmghiim. it is 11 miles S. L. oi Loadoo. the unwholefome air, 55 miles S. E. of Sienna. Lon. 10. 51. E. Iat. 43. o. N. CHiuTAYK,a town of Turkey in Afia, capital of Natolia Proper, and the refi- dence of tb.e Grand Fignior before the takin9- of Conftaiuinople. It is feated 0:1 the rtver Ayala, 75 miles E. of Burfa. Lon. 30. 47. E. iat. 39. 30. N. CuocziM, a town of Moldavia, on the Daieftcr. It was taken by the RuHians and Auftn.ms in 173S, but reftured to the Turks at the fubfequent peace. It is 110 miles N. W. of jafTy. Lon. 26. 25- £• lar. 4S. -l.f>- N. Ciici:si;y, a village of France, in the d.i.irtment of Oiie and late province of tile IQe of France. It is three miles from Compie-r.c, on the river Aifn:, in the tine foretl of Compiegnc ; on which account liere was a ban Hoine royal hunting palace. Cholet, a town of 'France, vi the de- partment ot ^Taino and Loire, and late province of .\ujou, with acaftie, 170 mdcs S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 45- '^^'^- ^^^- 47- 10. M. CiiO.s-AT, an epifcopal town of Hun- S-arv, capital of a county uf the lane '^ •" '■ name, II o 'aport of N,iro!i,i, on tFie lie contiiiuiit hi, 111 iln; .b aiuitiitlv caliLd Cyr- il by tlic j;ri.nt vii^l ,ry s ijaitKcl hrru ovlt rhc , in t!i<: yc.r 191 B C. Intly dilliii^uiilied by the f the Tiirkilh licet by 70. n village in iMi'.kiltfcx,on c;-e is Chil'vick Houff, of th.e riukj of Djvdii- carl uf Burlingtiin, after la's. In uii cluirchyard the JTicni'iry ot" Hr>,^:"irtti, by Garrick. Ciuh-.u.k bv S. (jf L'Mid m, iVn of Turkey in piin^pc, lonichi; the pljcc whcie ■. and !on i>r Alexander n' C iir.iMiler ; and where Macedonia, was defeated Lon. iz. 35. E. ]at. 40. tooG, a to'.vn of the pc- )ftan, in th'i kin;;dom of es N. l-v \V. :>{ Seringa- E. lat. 14, 5. N; ;fnvn of Piedmont, which im1 times taken and rc- i> advantaijeoudy fituatcd Po, that it is the key of I miles N. E. of Turin. It. 4-,. 13. N. cpiicopal town of Italy, in ly peopled, on ?.ccount of nc air, 5 5 miles S. E. of 10. 52. E. lat. 45. O.N. a town of Turkey in Ada, jlia Proper, and the refi- .-ivand Fignior before the taiuinople. It is feated on a, 75 miles E. of Burfa. . lat. 39. 30. N. I town of Moldavia, on the ■\-3s taken by the Ruliians n 17SS, but reiiored to the ibfequent peace. It is iio f jafTy. Lon. 26. 25. E. , village of France, in the Oiie and late province of ice. It is three miles from the river Aifn;, in the tine ilegnc ; on wh.ich iiccoUnt Home royallv.mtin;^ palace, to'vn of Franco, vi the dc- Taiiic and Loire, a:id late i'ju, with aca'.lle, 173 miles . Lon. o. 45. W. lat. 47. II epifcopal town of Hun- jf a ctunty uf the la ne name, C IT R name, on the Mcrith, 25 milts E. of Sc- jjedin. Lcm. 21. 4. J'l. lar. 46. 2,1. N. CtiOKtiKS, a >',wn of France, in the department of the Upper Alps and late pro\infe of Dau; hinv, burnt by llic duke of hdvoy in lOyi. it is 10 niiks E. uf Gap. Lon. 6. 23. E. lit. 44. 35. N.. Chi'RI.kY. See CaA;tl,fcY. ■ Ch(;wi.e, a Iniall town of the Dec- can ot Jliiidooltan, on the C( aft of r»la!a- bar. Jt iiai a h.rbour for Imall velftN, and is for'ified. Jt l)e!oni;s to Portugal, and was formerly noted tor its fine em- broiilcrtd quilts^ and a gi''.d trade. It is »5 miles S. of Bo" bay. Lon. 72. 45. E. lat. 18. 42. N. Ciiv.KMNiTZ, the chief mine town in Upper Iliaiyary ; 90 niiits N. E, of Pief- burg, Lon. 19. 27. E. lat. 48, 59. N. CuRisr.'UVRCii, a buroui;h of Hampiliire, with a market on JVlond.iy. It is dated at the continence of the Avon and Stour, 98 miles S. W. of London. Lon. I. 46. \V. lat. sc. 4;. N. ■* CiiRisTiANJA, a city of Southern Norway, in the gavcrnmrnt of AgKer- liiiys, lituated at tlic extremity of a fertile vallcv, furmina; a lemicircular bend along the ihore of the I'eauiiful bay of Biorn- jng, which forms the N. CAtrcmity of the gulf of Chridiania. It is divided into the city, and the luburbs of VV..terlandt, Petcrwigen, and Fierdingcn ; the fortrtfs cf Aggerhuys ; and thti old town of Opf loe or Aniioe. The city contains 41 K houfes, the luburbs 682, Opfloc 400, and t!ie inhabitants amount to about 9000. The city was rebuilt in its prelent fitu- ption by Chrifiian IV. after a plan dc- fignedby himfclf. The ftreets arc carried in a ftraight line, ami at rigiit angles to each other, are uniformly 40 feet broad, and very neat and clean. The caftle of Ai;L:erluiys is built on a rocky cir.inence on the W. fide of the bay, at a fmall diftance from the city. The governor is the chief governor of Norway, and prefulcs in the jiigh court of ji:ftice. Opiloe was the fite of the old city, burnt in 1624 : it contains the epifcopal palace. Chriftiania has an excellent l.arhour, and carries on a con- fiderable trade. Its principal exports are tar, foap, iron, crpper, plank?, deals, and alum. The planks and deals are of lupc- riof eftimaiion to ihofc lent from Ame- rica, or fiom RulTia and the other puts of fi'e Baltic; beraufe the trees which yield tht.m. grow on the rocks, and arc there- foie fiuv.cr. more comp.ifl, and lets lialtle to rot tliin the otlicrs, which flioot chi^jfly from a fandy or loamy foil. There are 136 privi'eged fawmilh at Chriliiania, of which 100 Oelong to a fmj^lc family of the C H R natne of Anker. Chriftiania is 30 milet from the open fea, and 290 N. by \V. of Copenh-igcn. Lon. 10. 50. E. lat. 59. b. N. CuRisTiANori-F., a ftr- ng fcaport of Swedin. on the B dtic, and c.pital of Bitkini^en. It is 13 niiles N. E. of Carle- Icroon. Lon. 1;. 47. E. lat. uf). 26. N. Ckxis 11 anuvkc;, a fort of Africa, on the Cwiid C> aft of Guinea, fubjeft to the Danes. -Lon. I. ^5. E. lat. 4. 10. N. CnKlsiiANsTADT, a (tnall, neatly. built town of S\»e(ien, in the territory of Blekimren. The lioufes arc all of brick, and mottlv ftiucoed white. Englilh vef- I'cls annii..',Iy nlort to this port, for alum, pilch, and tar. The inhabitants have ma- nufa<',tiires of cloth and filken ftulfs. The town is featwd in a inarlhy plain, clofe to the river Hc'gea, v, hich flows into the Baltic at .Alius, .bout the dii'ance of 20 miles, and is na\ iy,able only for fir '" craft of feven tens burden. It is efteemcd the l^rongcft f.rtrtfs in Svvcucn, and is so miles N. E. or Copenhagen, Lon. 14. lo, E. lat. ^b. 2;. N. CiiKisTiNA, St. one of the iflands in the S c'liely l"ui,"r C H XT fafnr, cotton, R'tip;er. induro, and thr tro- pkal fruns. It was taktn by the French in t-Si, but rtftorcil the next year 63. i.i. \V. Ihi. 17. i^.N. Ctu.'i'i.i'.ioM, a t("vn of D?vonllnrc, with :i ninrkct on Satiirdav. It is fcntc.J near the river Ttipro, nine milfs :>. V\ . of Exacr, p.iu! 1S3 VV. 1>v S. ot London, Lon. 3. 30. ^V. Int. CO. ^S. ^^- ^ _ ■' flnvNAK, a fort of Himidoitan 1 ro- jvr, in tht pr-vir.teof Aliah.ibad. It is It-a'cd on the Gnngis, :c miles above Ik- Ijsris Hnd is hn'lt on a ioc'k, winch is ior- tifitd ail ronnd by a vvMl, and towers at varioi" dilt-.A-ts. At the end, overlooking the .ivtT, ■> (ituatcdthe ciiadcl, which has fn ni'-'iv i.'t«n Itron;;. This fort is iaid to •l^.; (.f (he highefl nnti.^uity, and originally I mit by ihc Hind'.os. In the ciradel is. an i.itar, confililni: of n plain black marble flab, on which the .f.utlary di'iry ot the plac« is traditionally f'lppolcd to be featcd at til! times, except from finiMfe till nine in the morning, when he is at Benares ; duriii,' which time, from the lupcrftmonof the Hindoos, attacks may be made with a profrea of ftiecefs. Chunar has alwa^rs ten confidtred as a poft of great conle- qufrncc on the (Jan-es fr.->m itv iniu!a;ed fituanoti, prnjc6\ing for ward to a srrcat ex- tent, and beini; of connderaiile heivMit. It was unfucccf.sfollv attentpnd by the En- e!ilh in 1764: the next year, it was fur- Fcndercd to them : thcv reftorcd it to the Nabob (;f Oiidc at the ftibfcquent peace ; bin, in 1772, it was finally ceded to the I En^'hih, bv that prince, in exchange for ' Allahabad: At this pl.'.cc is ki.^pt the ma- ni'inv of amnumition and ariiliery for the bric^de at Cawnjwrc. Ir is 3S5 miles JJ. W, fif Calcutta. Lon. 83. 5,0. E. lat. »c, 10. N. . , ' CnuN'.M'fs, or jENAVH,a river of Hind.:y5ftan Proper, one of the five caftern b>-anchcs of the Indus. It runs through C-inioicrc and Lahore, between the Che- Juin pnd the Rativec. It is united With b>,th thcfe rivet at fome diftance above Monltan ; and, at their cnnftucnce with the !ndu= io miles W. of Moultan, they firm R ft ream as Inju: as that river. The Cbunaiib i-- the Acufines of Alc?;ander. t'ni'RC-it-STRKTTOV, a town of Shroplhire, with a marKrt on Tlu.rf.lay. It is It niiles S. of Phicwiliury. Lon. 2. ^f,. W. In. -,.. 3I-N- ^. ^ ri f CfK'Hc-mi.i. Fort, on the E. liuc ot Hi.dfon's Bav, in N. America, the muft n.)rtbLr!v of thofe belonging to that com- Lnv. L-.n.na. ..VV. lat. ;8. 48- N. Cui'V-w, a:i -'li'-tid. on the E, ciaft of Ciii li, w'lefj the L. luwA t(.!iipaiiy had ^.>isrit«-*«^"..^-»^J*^'->' G I R onfc a faftory. Lon. i»4- °- E, lat. 3«. CiAMP.\, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on tht E. and S. by the Indian Ocean, on the N. bv Cochin -China, and on the W. by Camfxidi.t. Cni.ui, or Cici.uoH, a frontier town of Dalmatia, on a rocky hill on the _W. banks of the Narentha. It was tP.K.en from liic Turks by the Ven-tians in 1694. Lon. jS. 11. E. lat. 4J. *?, N, Cm. i.KV. an ancient town of Germany, in Upper Carniola. It is the cipital of a county of the fime name, and fcated on the Saan, 36 miles N. E. of Laubacn. Lon, I-,. 1:, E, lat. 46. ji. N. 'CiMBRisHAM, » Icaport of Schniicn, in Sweden. Lo». i;, 30. E, lat. C INTRA, a cape of Portugal, in Eftrs- ma-lura, cillcd the Rock of Lifbon, on the N. fide of tite entrance of the Tajo ; and on it is a town of the fame name. Lon. i). 30. W. lat, 38. 46. N. CiotAT, a feaport of France, m the department of the Mouths of the Rlioiie and late province of Provence. The har- bour is defended bjr a ftrong fort. It is famous for Mufcadine wine, and is teatcd on the bay of Laquec, between Mar- fcillcs 2nd Toulon. Lon, 5, 46- E- '«• 43. !2. N, ■?' CiRrARs, Northf.uk, five pro- vinces on the bay of Bengal. They were originally denominated Noi: Bengal and Madras, it being 350 miles from the hrft, end i>;o from the latter ; fo tliat the troops deftined to protea it cannot be depended on, for any prelfing fervice that mayarifc in either ptcridcncy. The Eni^lilh Circars had been ceded to the French, by the Ni/am of the Deccan, in 17;?; but they were eonquertd i)y colonel Ciive in 17 S9. and now produce an annual revenue of 360,0001. Tl^.at of Cunt(X)r is 70,000!, '' CiRCAS!«»A,,one of the feven Can- I R ^on. 124. 0. E. lat. J9. Iigdom of Afia, bounded Jy the Indian Ocean, on |-China, and on the W. Ini.'OH, a frontier rowii In rocky hill on the W. Jrenfha. It was t^kin ly the Venetians in 1694. rr. 43, jg. N, icicnt town of Gcnnanv, h. It is the cnpttai of fune name, and fcatcd on N. E. of Laubacn. Lon. ji.N. J, » Import of Schoiicn, ». 15, 30. E. lat. 56. pe of Portiieal, in Eftrs- c Rock, of Lilbon, on the if.nnce of the Tajo ; and tlic fame name. Lon. q. 46, N. ap'irt of France, in the he Mouths of the Rhone of Provence. The h ir- 1 by a ftrong fort. It is cadine wine, and is ftatcd Laqiifcc, between Mar. Ion. Lon. 5. 46. E. tat. L NORTHF.RN', five pro- ly of Benj^al. Thcv wtre ninafed Nonhr-n from their £t to Madias, on which they icfc Circar?, Cicacole, Ra- re, and Condapilly are in f the Englilh ; aiid Gun- the Nizam of the Dcccan. :cupy the fcacoaft, from the n the confines of Cattack, of the Kiftna ; forming a ountry 350 miles long, and iroad. ft is eafily defcn- n Indian enemy, hiaving extcnfivc f6refts on one ■ on the other ; the cxtrc- ig open. Its greattft de- u of relative lunation to adras, it being 350 miles end it.0 from the latter ; 3ps deftincd to proteft it ndcd on, for any prelfing 'arifc in either prefidcncy. -ircars had been ceded to the Nizam of the Dcccan, they were concjiiered by I7S9, and now produce an : of 360,0001. That of lool, .A^one of tiie feven Cm- C I R cadan nations, lying between the Black Sea and the C.tfpian. It is '.xiundcd by the government of Taiirica ai.d Caucal'iis en the N. and by Minj;relia and Georj^ia oa the S. being fcparuttd from Taiirica by tht river Cuban, it contains thv dil- trifts of Great CahatJ.i, Little Cabarda, Beflcn, Temirgoi, Abil'eeh, Hfeduch, lla- tukai, and Bihani. This np.tioii, tDm tx- ttut of territory, which includes nearly 10 degrees of longitude ; and, frc-m their extraordinary courage and military genius, luight become very foriuidable, were they united under one cliief. But a natiDu of mountaineers, who ('ubfill by railing cattle, ai)d are therefore forced to lix thcinfelvcs on the banks of rivers, for the fake of water and p«fturagf, ibon forget their origin, and divide into fcp.irate and hoftilj tribes. From this principle of ;',ifuiiion, the Circalfians of the Cuban are lb little powerful, as to be fcarcely known even to Kuinans, but by the general appellation of Cuban Tartars, in which they are con- founded with the AbkhasanJ Nogays, their neighbours. The Cabardian Circalfians, however, are ftill the moft powerful people of the N. fide of Caucafus ; and this fuperiority has introduced among their neighbours fuch a general imitation of tiieir manners, that, from a dcl'cription of thefe, an idea may be formed of "ail the reft. They are divided into three ciafles ; namely, the princes ; the nobles, called uf- dens ; and the vaffal.-, or people. A cer- tain number of the pei^plc is allotted to each princely family, in each of thefe, the cldeft individual is confidercd 3s chief of the family, and as judge, protcftor, and father of all the vafTals attached to it. No prince can be a Lmdholder ; he has no other property than his arms, liorfcs, /laves, and the tribute li: may he able to extort from the neighbouring nations. The perfon of every prince is lacred ; and this extraordinary pri"ili ge extended even to the princes of the Crimea. This is, however, the only diftiuftion of birth when unaccompanied by p>;rl()nal mcrif. The greateft honour a prince can acijuire is that of being the firft of the nation to charge the enemy. The princes are not to be diftinguiflied in time of peace f.om the nobles, or even from the peafants : tlitir food and drefs are the Ame, and the ho'ifes are little better. The nobles are chtfen by the princes from the inferior cla!i.. They art tlie officers of the prince, and the cxecu^u ^ of tiie laws, and are fiTipioyed in the general aifemhlifs of the nation to gain the aiftnr of the people to the .! eafiirta pr'^poied by the princes, yt'he people, a» well at the ul'dtns, ire C I R proprietors of lands. By »n odd kind of contradiction, the piincca claim, and Ionic- times attempt to evercife the rigl-.t of fci/ing the wli'/le property of their \a!ril»} but, at the I'a.ue time, the valFal his a riglit to transfer his allt-giiMee to any dtlitr prince, whenever he thinks hiinlelf ag- grieved : by this privilege, the piinces are compelled to gain the drtecii.iis ol' their valfals, on whofc readincK to follow theru into t>.e (ield, ail tl'.eir Ivipes of grtatnefs ;-.nd V, i..;lih muft abfolutely depend. The Ci'cailians d > n.it appear to have ever had ai.y written laws,, 1 ut are governed iiy a kii.d of common law, or coliedlion of an- cienv ufagcs. On great occifions thi: whuic nati.ir, is a'lemblci : a meufurc is pro- pofed by 'he oKlert of the princ-s; it i» firft dibatcd among the lUllens, and after- ward )y the deputies of the penj.le, who are 'Id men, wlii often pilfels greater inrtuence than the prince hiinfelf. if the propjfiiioa be accirpted, it is confirmcil by 'i foL'mn oath by the whole people. They have few maiiutatlures. Their mats of mail, which are very beautiful, are brought from I'erfia, and their fire-arms from Ku- bcfcha. Their agriculture produces barely fu:H;ient for their own fubfiftence. Siiecp ar.d hnrles are the principal artielcs of llieir ciariinerce ; particularly the .latter, which fell at a hiyji price ; but notivith- flanding this, the balance of trade would be conllderably againft them, were it not for the flaves which they make in their predatory o.curfions. At the biith of a prince, Ionic ulden, .-r fometimcs a pritici: of another family, is chofen by the father as his future prcjipior. At a year old h« is prefented, at tlie fame time, with (bme pliyrh'ngs and arm . : if he appear, to pre- fer the latter, the event is ctlebiattd ia the family by great rejoicings. At feven (or, according to others, at twelve) ycarj of age, he leases his father's hjule for that of his preceptor. By him he is taught to ride, to ufe Iiis arnl^, and to ftcal, and conceal his thefts. The word ibiif is a term of the utirioft rcptoajh among them, bccaiife it implies dcret'tion. lie is after- ward ied to mure conf.derable and dan- gerous robberies and riojs mt return to liis fuhcr's lioufc, until his cunning, ad- drefs, and ftrength, arefuppofed to be pcr- feft. The preceptor is recomper.l'cd by nine tentiis I'f the booty niaJe by his pu- pil while under his tui.ion. It is'fod that this mode of cd,;catii-,n is perfevercd in, with a view to prevent the bad effefts of paternal indulgence. The cultom is iup- pofcd to be peculiar to the L'lrcnlfians ; out the cbjed't of education .is th; fame amon^ till the* uiountiuieers of Ca'.icii.rus," whj I who has Killed anv prince, cn.'.Lavoiirs ro fleal awav foiiic ihiUi of the i'.niie f.iinily, C I R yiiho univerHilly fubfift by robbery. The tducatiiiii of a child renders the iirtciptur « kind o( adopted father; th- refure, as thib is a very vindii^tivc n:iti >p, a pcrf / princi ,, ^ lid (if t in order to educate him. Tin plilliinent of this is the only u ly to tfiia a reconciliation. Sotiie iri-.vellirs report, that a vafTul fiinrtmies contrives to ll( il and educate the fon of his prince, and by his fucctis infurc his own -idvanccmcnt to nobilitv. The point in which all agree is the neceiniy tl'J' *li>-" child Ibniijd be • ht- catcd at a d'iftance from the -. P-Mj pre broui;ht up by the m. 1 learn to tmbroide:, to inak. eir i vi drcls, and that of their future >ands. The diughtcrs of fl ives receive the fame education, and are fold accoidinj: to thcit beauty, from lo to lool. TheCe are prin- cipally Georgians. Soon after the birth ot a iiirl, a'vvidc leather belt is fewcd round lurwaift, and continues till it burfts, when it is replaced by a fccond. Bv a re- petition of this practice, their wailh arc rendered aftonilhingly rmnll. but their n-oulders become pioportionabW broad ; a dcfe6\, which is httle attended to, on ac- count of the b-nuty of their breafts. On the wcddini; niiiht. the belt is cut with a dagger by the hulband ; i ciiftoni fome- times produftive of fatal accidents. The bridegroom pavs for his bride a nurriage- prel'cnt, conftllini,' of armf or a coat of ■ rnjil, Init he muft not fee her, or cohabit with her, without the grtat( ft myftery. This refcrvp continues during life. A Cir- cailian will fometimcs permit a ftranger to fct his wife ; but he muft not accr mpany him. The father mikcs the bride a pre- fent on the wedding d ly, but rcfervcs the greater part of what he intends to gi\e her till the birth of her tirft child. On this occafi'^n fhe pays him a vifit, receives from him the remainder of her portion, and is clothed by him in the dref-, of a matron, the principal diftinftion of which confills in a veil. Until this time, the drcfs of the women is much like that of the men, excepting that the cloak is longer, and fre- quently white, a colour never worn by men. 'The cap too is generally red, or rofe-coloured. Before marriage, the youth of both fexes fee each other freely at the little rejoicings which take plac« on fefti- vals. Before the b.dl, the young men Ihow their aftivitv and addrcfsina variety of military exercifes, and the mod alert bave the privilege of choofing the moll beautiful partners. Their inulical inftru- ments are a long fiuic with only three flops, a fpecks ot" mandoline, and a tarn- 9 t C I R bourin. Their dances arc in the Afiatie ftyle, with little gaiety or exprelli m j the ftips difhrii!', hu' not graceful. Tie wo- men participate in tiie generil ciiaraftcr of the nation : liiev take p'ide in the courage of their huihaml'., .lud reproach titem feverely wi\en dcfcarrd. Tli-V po- ll 'h and take care oi the armour of the men. W,,l iws tear their liair, and dif- ligure the.; felvcs wiili I'cars, in ttliimony ot their grief. The- men hid formerly the fame cullom, but are now grown m' re tranquil under the I'fs of their wives and relations. Th': habitation uf a Circalliari is compofed of two huts, becaiife the wife and hulband are not fuppoied to live to- gether. One of tacfc liuts is allotted to *lc hufband, am! to the reciption of T ngers ; the other to the wife and fa- mily : i-lic court wiiich feparate* them is i'urroundcd by pa'iliidei. At meals the whole' fattiily is aile'iiblid; lb tliat here, iis among the Tartars, eacli village is reckoned at a ccrt;'.in number of kettles. Their food is extr; mclv fimp'e, conliliutg only of a litili; meat, (ii'Tic parte made of miller, and a kinJ of beer, c iinofed of the lame grain fevim ntcd. The Circaf- ft.ms arc aecufcd of freijuent perjuries and violations of treilifS j but this is rml to be a new vice a'ncng them. Whatever may have been the original rolv^'ion of this people, they have been fiicccHively con- verted to Chrii'ti mity and Mihomctanilrh, and hsve now no religion or vvorfliip among them. Thev break, whiiout Icruple, fuch oaths as they have taken on the oible.and the koran ; but there arc certain forms of oarh';, and certain places in the ncigtihourh >0(1 of their niin-i (Ciip- pofed to be remains ot Chrillian churches) which infurc thtir fidelity. Tneir cou- rage, great as it is, is not proof againft re- li»ious terrors. Like all barbarians, they believe that what is called accirlenr, may be influenced by particular ceremonies. The Circi'liians have not any letters of their own ; rhofe among them who wifh to write their language being obliged to make ufe of Arabian ctiara'>ers. CiRKNCRSTKK, a confidcrable borough of Gloticcftcrlhirc, witli two markets, on Monday and Friday. It is feated on the river Churn, and was a place of great ac- count in the time of the Romans ; and the ruins of the walls arc vet vifiWle. A great many Roman antiquities hive been dif- covercd ; and here the Roman road", crolfed each other. If had alio a caftle and an abbey. It is i8 miles S. E.. of Gloucerter, and Sg W. of London. Lon. I. c;8. W. lat. 51.43. N. ClRENZA, a town of the kingdom of Naples, : I R nccs arc in the Afntic icty or cxprcHi in ; tlie n'!t i^rartfiil. Tii. wo- niu (;cneril ch.ir.iflcr ' V take p'-idi, in the il'imls, ,iiui rrproHch n dct't-ucd. 'I'li.v jiu- ot the armour (if the ,ir their h.iir, nnd dif- iili I'cars, in teitimony I'h.' men ind furnVvTly lilt irc niw grown ni' re I'lfs of their wives and bitatinn uf a Circilli.in huts, becauk' the wife lof (iippotcd to hvc to- thefe luits is allotted to d tn the rec-jption of her to the wife and fp. which feparates tht-in is i!ilude-i. At mcils the iiTl'phitd ; (o that here, 'jrtars, each village is rt lin numhtr of kettles. r mrlv fiiTip'e, CDnfiCting mat, lo'Tit parte rnade of iJ of hu.T, f ni:w('ed of eimi ntcd. Thr Circaf- of frequent perjuries and itrs i but this IS fan! to be 5 them. Whatever inay original rchL'ion of this c been fucctHivcly con- mity and Mahnmetanitrh, no rt:lij:ion or vvnrfhip Thev break, w'uhout hs as I'hey have taken on le koran ; but there arc oarh':, and certain places h lod of their niin-f ((uj)- .ins ol-' ChrilHap churches) dr fiduHty. Tniir cou- is, is not proof ai^ainft re- Like ill barbarians, they it is called accif'.enr, may y particular ceremonies, have nut any letters of c amonp them who wifh in£;iiace being obliged to bian ctiara'>ers. ;r, a confiderable borough re, with two markets, on day. It is feateil ou the t was a place of great ac- : of the Romans ; and the ; are yet vifiiile. A great ntiqiiities have been dif. litre the Roman road-; er. Ir had alio a radio It is 1 8 miles S. E. of ■ig W. of London. Lon. ..43.N. town of the kingdom of Naples, C I V C L. A "Naples, capital of the Baflicata, njth a in the patrimony of St. Peter, with an ar hifhop's lit. It is fcau - r!i - Castki.i (), a popul'ius town of Italy, capital of a county of the fanie name, in Unil)ria, with a bilhop's fee. It is dated m the river ■ril)er, 27 miles S. W. of Uibino. Lwn. 1:. i^. E. lat. 43. .i.N. Ci r I A-Nuov A, a town of Italy, in ihf niarquilate of Ancona, I'eated on l!ic feadiori, and C'lntainini.'; id churehes and tinned, and it is a free port, but the air is viry iinwholclome. It is 35 niiks N. W. of Ruiiic. Lon. II. ^1. E. lit. 41. 3.N. Ci, A c K r : A N N AN, a borpiif^li of Clack - niaiiiiaiii!'ire in iwotlaiid, ou the N. Iliore of the fiith uf Foith, and at the bottom . 4fi. E. lat.43. 16. N. Ci.ACKMAX.NAKSiiiRE, a County of CiTTA - NuovA, a fmali feaport of Scotland, bounded on the E. by Fifeitiirc, Iflria, in tlie territory of Venici', with a bilhop's fee, 60 miles R. of Venice. Lon. 14. 1. E. lat. 4;. 36. N. Ci TTA-Ni'dv A-CoTi OXKR A, a for- tified town ill the iiland of Malta, includ- ing^ the port of St. Margarita. CiTTA-Vrr roRiObA, or II Rorco, on the N. and W . by Pcrthflure, and oa the S. by tl;c Forili. It is eight rnilcs in length, and five in breadth, l' pr ' ). E. bt. 49. 34. N. Ct.Ki'.Mo.vT, a town of France, in tlie deparm.eiit of Oifc and late province of ihr lile of I''ranee, 37 miles N. of Paris. Lc;n. 2. 21;. E. Jat. 49. ic,. N. Ci.KRMONT, a con fid erable, rich, and popul.'ua town of France, in the depart- ment of Puy de Dome and late province of Auverijne, with a biihop's fee. It is featcd on an eminence, and is alio called Cm-.rmont FEHRANn.evcr fince it was tinited, under the name of a fuburb, to the town of Mount Ferraiid, about a mile dif- tant to the N. E. The cathedral, public fijuares, and walks, arc verv line; but the ftreers are narrow, crooked, badly paved, and lin^d with huufes built of ftonts of a fombrc hue. Many Roman aiitit|uities arc found in the neighbourhood, and foine mineral fprinas. That of the fuhurb, St. Allyre, lias formed a natural bridi'c over the brook into which it falls : it is called tlw L E .^itiiHutinf; l)a(1arjs,anj jitv 111(1 pai'iloii crinilnnl:<, livlicii it was cre6s two irtanjsjin the N. Pacitic Ocean, i)et\veen the coatl of KaintCtliiitka in Alia and tiiat of N. Ame- rica. Tliev were fLCll by cipt. C"i ok ill 177S, and wen; fo iiuiitd 111 honour ot capt. L'lerke, his fccond in c-inmaiid. They Were both inhabited, aiul were n.>t un- known to t'.ie Ivuliians. Lon. i6(). 30. W. Iat. 63. 15. N. Ci.K.VKS. a handi'inie town of Ger- many, capital of a diieiiv of the fame n.Mne. [t is I'e.'.ied on a hill, three miles fioui the Rliiiie, near a wood. tiirout;li whith arc (cveral line walk< 5 i;. inilts S. E. of Nimcic.ien. Lon. ;. to. E. Iat. 51.4c. N, Ci.i:vKs. thediithyof, one ot the finert countries of Germ iiv, in the circle of W'cftphalia, divided into two parts li) ilit Rhine. It is fiibjet't to the king of I'luliia, and Cleves is the capital. Ci.i.VBKooK, (tri.at and Littlf, two vills;^'eb in LeicelUrJliire, on the N. \V. fide of Lutterworth, llippofed to h::ve been a part of Cleycefler, fitiMicd one mile to th.' W'. which wai a llourilhing city of the RoiiKiiis, and wliere theii bricks and C(/ui:, ha\e been freipienrlv found. C'l.UFK, a town of Nirtiiatiiptonfhire, with a m.irket on Tin Ida v ; 3t miles N. E. of Noithiinipton, aiul '■'S N. N. VV. of London. Lon. o. 37. W. Iat. '■:■ s'i. W. Clifton, a villiigc of Welhucrland, three niiii.^ from PeiuMtii, remarkable for n fkirmilh betWLcn the king's force., and the rebels in 1745, '" which the latter hud the advnritajji.'. Ci.iFTo.N, a villajrc in Gloucc.lcrdiire, near Uritiol, noted for the hot well in its neighbourhood, upon the Flower Avon, at the foot of Sr. Vincent's rock. Ci.issA, a fort of Dalmatia, tnkcn from tile Turks b\ the V.enctians. It is feated on acracs^v inountain, near wiiich isa nar- row vallev, between two ftecp rocks, throufjh which the read lies from Turkey to Dali.iatia. It is fix miles N. of Spalat- to. Lon. 1',. 31. E. Lit. 44. 10. N. Ci.issoN', a town of FrancCj in the de- partment of Lower Loire r.iid Luc pro- vince of Brctague, on ihe river Scurc, 11 C L Y milct S. of Nantes. Lon. 1. 1I. W. \vt, 4'- I. N. ClithkRo, \ bnrou;',li in Lincafhilft' with a market on r)aturday. It is l'eat«d nnrPindil MiM, and i^ )'i miles S. V.. »( of Laii' illcr, and 213 N. N. VV. of Lon- d.ill. Lon. 1. 2 1. W. Iat. 53. ^4. N. C'i.i)i;HKR, an cpifcopal tov.Mi .ind bo* rougli fif Ireland, in the county of Ty- rone. Lnil. (1. yO. \V. Iat. S4, 3'j. V. Clonmei., a Imroui'.h tf Irland, in the county of Tippemry, fe.it.d on the river Sure, kj inikii S. E, of Tipi>er,iry, Lon. 7. 27. \V. Iat. (.1. 14. N*. Ci.ouii, Sr. a town of I'rince, fmr rniles from Paris, leated ( n the river Seine, Here \v:v Iitelv a maitnuxelu ro)al jvi- late, garili.iV', cafcule, tVc. ClovNi, ail epil'co]ial town and ho. rouf^li of Inland, in the county of Cork, 16 miles E. of Cork. Lon. S. 0. \V. Iat. SI. ;4. N. Cluny, a town of France, in the de- partment of baone and Loire and late pro- vince of Hurijundy, remarkable for it, late farious l{eiie(li('.1iiie alibey ; dated on the Grofiic, 10 miles N. VV. of Macon. Lon. 4. 73. E. Iat. 46. 24. N. Ci.fsi:, a t i\vn of Savoy, in the terri- tory of Faucii;nv ; feateil rm the river Arve, 22 miles S. E. of Geneva, Lon. 6. II). E. lit. 45 N. Cl.w S n, a celebrated vale of D;n- bitjhdiire, extendinj^ from its upper en J to the fea above 20 mile, ; its breadth vary- ing from lliree to eiyht, accordinir 10 tlic tipproach or rtccfs of th'.- liirh mountain* iiiclofiiii; it, thr )ugh which, in dill'ereiit parts, are paps formed by nuure for en- trances. This delij^luful fpot i, in a h\jli ftatc of culiivatiim, even far up the afcent of the hills, aad is full of towns, villakjcs, and genrlemen'i li..its. A river of the CaiTic name run:, along tl'.is v.'.lc, tho inha- bitaiiti of which are reiii.ikable for re- taining I heir vivacity to a very late ]jcrlod of life. * CiWYD, a river of Dcnliikfhdiire, which rife'-, in the middle of the county. and taki'iir a compafs to the S. E. ruiiis to the N. VV. and. having entered I'lintlliirc , falls into the irilh Sea. Ci.vof", a river of ScotLaid, wliica rifes in Aiinaiulair, and running N. VV. rhrr-u!',!! Ciyilelilr.lc, pades bv Lanerk, Hamilton, and GLifeow, fallin;'; into tiic frith of Clyde, a fe>v miles bcii'w Glaf- jjuw. Near Lanerk, this river runs, for i'evcral miles, betwei'n high rocks covered with wood ; and in its courfe exhibits many aftonifliing catar.iv^ls. At Stonc- bvres, it is toufined wiihiii a very narrow L bed, I C L Y bed, and mnV.n one entire (hoof, falllnt; •bout fto feet ovi r a pirjundiciiLir rutk j the wAtcr tlitn pnuring over an iihor pre- cipice, is Haiheil into a deep ihui'm be- neath. " Thi^ {"rent Wxl/ of w.tfcr," fays II larc traveller, " ruOiin^ with licrriil fiirv, iVciiH to rhrt.uen the folid rnckn, The iiorrid ;iiid inceiniiit din with whirh this is iircomp.inied, iin- ntrve» and overcomes the heirt. At the »iil>ancc of about » mile from this place. Toll Cee a tliick inifl, like fm"kc, alcend- ini; to heaven, over the ftattly wnoil«. A'* yon advance, you h.car a I'ullen noilV, tvhich foorJ after almoft ftiins votir rar^. tJ'i'iblini,' as yon proceed toward a tuft of wood, you are ftrtick at onct witli the anful Icenc wiiich I'tiddently biirlls upon your adoniihed fiKht. Y turerque rock, appears to amufe the eye. The fpcftator inuft plunge into the bowels of thelemoiutrainsforenteitainnicnt." The Vein< •'f lead lie moftlv N. and E. and their thickncis, which feldom exceeds 40 feet, varies greatly in different parts. The i'canty a'^ure here fci d:i fomc ihccp and cattle; ac ihofCf in the neij^libourhuod of tlie £ . c o c mines, fofnetimei perifli by drinking the wafer in whir'i the If ad ore has been wallicd ; for this ore communicates t de- leteriou-. quality to the water, though that li(|uid acq'iircs no noxloui taint from re- mainin;; in Icnden pipes and cinerni. See LKAniiii. ts. Coast C*sti.k, Cape, the principil feitlcmtnt of the lingliJh on the coad of OuiiiM, with a Uroni; citadel. It lies un- der the meridi;in of London, in t," N. lat. ComiAM, a village in Surry, remark- able for Fame's Hill, the (eat and beauti- ful gardens of the late Mr. Hopkins. Cob- ham is 1 1) miles *. W. by W, of Lond>;n. Cnni.r.sii, an ancient and handlome town of (lerinanv, in the clef.torate of Treves, at tlic conHtienceof the Rhine and Mofelle. It is the ufiial rcfidencc of the elti'tor of Treves, and is ;o miles N. F., of Treves. Loll, 7. 31. E. lat. ^o. 14. N. CoHi'Rr;, a town of Germany, in thv circle of Franconia, capital of a principidity of the fame name, with a college, a fort, and a calUc. This town, with its princi- pality, belongs to the houfe of Saxony. It 13 fcatcd on the Itch, 20 miles N. of Ham- bcrc^. Lim. 11. 18. K. lat. i;o. 1:. N. Coca, a town of Old Ciftilc, in Spain, fcated among mountains ; and near it u a ftrong calUe for llato priibners. CocniF.iM, a town in the elcftorate of Treves, fornlcrly imperial ; (cared on the Mofelle, i;^ miles 9. W. of Coblentz. Lon. 7. 1. E. lat. i;o. 12. N. CocHi.v, a feaport of Travancore, in the peninlula of Hindooflan. It bcIon:;s to the Dutch, and is 110 miles S. by R. of Calicut. Lon. 7;. 30. E. lat. 10. o. N. Cochin Ciiima, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on the E. by the Raftcrn Ocean, on the N. by Tonqiiin, on'the W. by Cambodia, and on the S. bv Ciampa. It is larger and richer than Cambodia; but the inhabitants are not lb civil to (Grangers. It abounds in gold, raw filk, and druj;s. Their religion is much the fanu a'^ that <'i China, and their cities and tou-ns have i,ates at the end of each ftreet, which are ilait every night. If any tire break out in a ward, all the inhabitants arc dtftroycd, except the women and children. The in« habitants are of a light bro*n cjmplcxion, \vcll-(haped, with long hair and thia bcard^i. * Cocker, a river which rifcs in the S. of Cumberl.'iid, and fiowint; throui;li the lakes of 13 '.termere, Cruinack-u-atcr, and Lowrs-watcr, joins the Dcrwciit, below Cockcrmouth, Coc.KERMOurii, a populous borough of Ci.mbcrlaadi wicU it marktt uu Mum- c o c nir^ pcrifti by drinkinf? fhe I the If.xl ore h;u been thii lire commiinicatri a At- itv to the water, thoiij^h tint ■i mi no»lniii flint from re- iilcn yipct iinJ cinerni. See «sT!.F., Cape, the principil ih« i^n^lilh nn the cnM\ of a (Ironn ritailrl. It hcs un- ti;in of London, in <,' N. lar. II villnge in Surry, remark- e'% Hill, the (cat anil beam i- f tlic hue Mr, Wopkins. Cob- lei S. W. by W, of Lona.m, /,, an ancient and himllome crinanv, in the electorate of He conrtuenrcof the Rhine and t i', the ufiial rcfulcncc of the reves, and li t,a miles N.F.. of on. 7. )i. E. lat. jo. 14. N. , a town of Germany, in thv nconi.i, capital of a principiility tiamc, with a coUcye, a forr, Thi* town, with its princi- gs to the houfe of Saxony. It the Itch, 20 miles N. of Ram- II. iS. K. l,lt. e.0. JI. N. town of 01(1 C iftile, in Spain, mountains; and near it u * : for Uato prifuners. IM, a town in the cleftorate nf 'ftlerly imperinl ; (eared on the S miles S. W. of Coblcntz. E. lat. no. 12. N. ', a feiport of Travancore, in ila of Hindooftan. It belon;js ch, and is 120 miles S. by R. of .ion. 7 :. 30. E. lat. 10. o. N. I Chiha, a kingdom of Afia, 1 the E. by the Kaftern Occrin, bv Tonquiri, on'thc W. by and on the S. bv Ciampa. It ud richer than C-tmbodia ; but ants are not lb civil to ftrangcrs. s in gold, raw fiik, and dtuj;s. gioTi is much the fami a^ that and their cities and towns h:ivc >c end of each ftreet, which are ■ niglit. If any tire break nut all the inhabitants arc dtftroytd, women and children. The in« ire of a liglit bro A'n complexion, :d, with lung hair and thia KER, a river which rifcs in the •nberl.Mid, and flowini; through of B 'Ltermere, Cromack-water, Ts-watcr, joins the Deriveiit, kcrmoutli. ;r MOUTH, a populous boi-ou;.;h riandi with a m»rkit uu Moii- 4*y< C O I liar. It ll't between 'lie rivers Derwcnt and Cocker, over which arc two (\one brid^^es. It 11 between two hilh, on one of which ftandi vith a bi- (hop'a lee, v^.iulV preWte has ihe ' ight of coining monev. ir is lUua'.l at the foot of the Alpj, in a rich plain, between two and three milcti wide, and partly on tho lletp lidc of a rock. It is lurrouiuted by ancient brick w:ilts, wiih fquare and rounil toWers, ill (lie flyli of furtilication prior to the invention of powder. The l\reetj are narrow and dirty ; and it contain* ttbeut 3000 fotili. It is divided into two parts, the Icali of \vhich is of the K'"iian Caiiiolic religion, and the greateft 01 the Protci^ant. It is governed by its owii laws, and is half a mile from tiic Rllinr and 4S miles !i. of Conllance. Lon. 91 IV E. lat. 46. to. N. CoKfe.NHAL'sE.N", a ftrong town of Riidt 1, in the government of LiVonia, on t|ie river Dwina, ;o miles S. E, uf Riga^ Lon. te,. 50. E. lat. 56. 30. N. " Co I., one of the weftern Iflands cf Scotland, nine miles S. W. from the point of Ardnamiirchan in Argvlclhire. It abounds in cian, pafture, lalmons, eels, and codi. Lon. 7. 1 ;. VV. lat. c,t. o. N. CoLBKKii, a handl'ome fiaport of Ger- many, in Poiiietania, bcionijing to the king of Pnillia. It is remarkable for its I'alt-works, and is leated at the mouth of the river I'crl'int, i-n the Haltic, 60 miles N. E. uf Sietiii. I.,on. 15. 39. £. lat. 54. 2J. N. CoLcHtsTKH, a lari;c tKUJiigh of Ef- fex, with .1 market on VVednetUay and Saturday. Jr is u place 01 great antiquity, feated on a hnc eminence, on the Culn^ Which is navigable within a mile of the town, at a place called the Hyihe, which may be termed the VVappingoi Colchcllerj and in which the cullowilKnil'c i« I'ltaated* The town was ("urrounded by a wall, which had fix gates and three pi .U-rns j but thel'e arc now demolidicd. It had 16 pari'.hiijiurchcs (in and out of the walls) but now only 1 2 are ufcd : thele arc not Krijc, and moll of tiitni were damu;^ed in .64S, when the town furrcndered to the irmy of the parliament, after a memorable (gt, in which they had lutTered all the i 'remitiesuf famine. There is a large m.iniii'a'tory of bays ; and the town it fam s tor oyllers and tringo-roots. Jt is a corp'irrition, governed by a mayor, aldermen, recorder, &c. To the E. are the ruins of an ind c-allle, in wliich is one of the town prifons. It is ii miles E. N. E. of Chelmsford, and 51 E. N. E. of London. Lon, i. o. E. lrk>; in !.!;;;-!:;tid. " Tile not!': of the f 'rc;e% raills, i^'^v-." f,iys Mr. yoiintr. "with allthtir vafi maehinery ; tlie fi.".ioe<. buriiini), from the iuniaces, ^vtt^> the burning (;f cod, aid the irnoke of the linjckilns, an; ' idt'-'gether 'iorril)iy fub- liiiie." A biidu.-: eniiicly ma.lo of taft iron, wliieli has i;i:tri thrown ovi.'- the Se- vern, giv e tlitl'e ucne,-. a ftlll nearer refem- blanr.c to ;he 'deas in fomance, Tlitrc is alfe, in the D.'k, a remarkable fprir".; of foilil tar, or pettoliv.ni, which has yielded i vatl quantity of that fuliftance ; but 't h now much ditnuii'b.d. A wmk, fur oi)- tjining 1 liniiiarkind of tar, from the too- alt;. Coi.i;tiAiV. a lariri' norr.u;f;h of Ire- land, iti the I ">..n'v of Lond'-ndert y, on t'.e Tiver Bain, z; mile >>. K. of Lon- donderry. I. on. 0. 3C1. V.'. iar. ::,. 16. 1'. CoLJ'SiUi 1 , a tDwii in Warwick ihiro, vith a inarkot e-n VV'ednci'day. Jt is fcatrd oti the fiJe of t\ hill, oji the Coin, over ivhich i;i 3 ncne biidg^J Jt is 1 1 mi!e! N. W. of Ccv-utr ■• Lon, i, 35. . .-,,, 4 COL ■'' CorF5H)i. I., a vilinsfc, four niilcs VV. of Rickmanfworth, in Hets, and in a part of thit c'T.nty which i. infalatcd in .Hncks. It was the birthplace of the nnet Waller. Co.'. POM o, a town of Gloucefterdiirc, wiih a i.iarkcf on T.'elilav. Jt is 14 miles N. (.if Herefard. i^on. 1. 40. W lat. SI. 4«. IS- CoMM.'K, a f'capo'.-t of N. America, i: Mexiro, capit.d of a fertile valley of t.he fanie name. Jt is feated at the mouth ut a liver, v.ear the South Sea, joo ini'es Vv'. of Mexico. Lon. ic6# 5. W. lat. 111. 10. N'. Ctn.iouRK, a fniall ftaport of France. in the departnient of the Kaftern Pyrenee and l;vc province ^f Roufillon, at the ftn't of the I'yrenecs, !o miles S. 1''. of Pcrpig- nan, J.on. 3. S. E. lat. 42. .54. N. Cor. Lt., an c'lifcopal town (jf ftalv, iii Tufcany, 10 1 iiles N. \V. of Sitnn.i. Lon. 1 1. 7. E. li.t. 43. !6. N. Coi.t.vMPTt^N, a tOA 11 of Devon'liirf, vith a iirirket on ThiirfJay. It i, feate.t on a river near the fea, jo miles X. if Exeter, and 1 ;a W. by S. of London. Lon. 3.. 21). W. lat, jo. rj. N. Cot.M,\i!, a large an(' hnndromc; town of !• ranee, capital of the department ef Ui'iier It.hi.ie an.l la:o province ',f Upper jAll.ici-, It Wris formerly a'.i imperial town, and has been recently crefied into a 'li- Jliopric. Jt is teated ncir the river 111, 5 ; miles S. bv W. of Stralburg. J.,on. -. z'-. ]■:. lat, 4>l'. ?. .N. CoL.MAKS, a town of France, in i''>_: depattir.eiit of the I^owcr Alps and i-.:^ jirovirirc of P;-ovence, 20 niilcs K. of .Dii;!ie. L(jn. (■.. jc.E, lat. 44. -. N. (..\. i.MOGORoi), a town of the empire of Rti"ia, in an i)land fornud by the river Dwna, w ith an archblfhoij's fee, 30 inil.'s S. K. of Archangel, L(,n. 39, 4;, E, lat. (.4, 14, N. Coi :,•, a river of Eflex, which rill:. near Clare in Suffolk, and palling bv Ha!- ftead and Coleiiefter, empties I'i'elf into the (if.r'Tian Ocean, beiweeii Mtrfev Jfland and the mainland. In the ra!t-\\';',tn' inlets ar.d pools, ;it the m.)i:th of this river, srt brcil tlie famous Colvheilcr oyfters, ■'* Cuj.N, a liver wliicli riles near .Se- vonha;npton in CJloureKerlhire, flows S. ]•'. to t'";>irfo\d, and falls into the ThauK; at Lechladc, CnL\,a river which rife? in I'lerts, and dividiiig Middklex fro.m Hi.icks, fall iiiij til.' Thamei above Staines. Coi.WBiiooK. a town of Rutlis, vitli ?. market on Vv'ednefday. Ji is feati d 011 the river Coin, a-id is 17 miles W. from Load^jti. Lon. c 15. W. lat. 5 1, no. N. Coi,Nr., c o L F5Hit. I., n villajrc, four m\]th lckniunl\vortl!, in Hct?, rmd in a llut c'T.iity which i, infuliucd in lit was riit; birthpl.ic(; of the poet liMU), a town ()( GloucefterfhirL', |i.i;ii-kcr on T 'cl'ihy. Jt is 14 (if Hertford, i^on. 2. 40. W |ma, a f'eaporr of N. Anic.-ii:i, i: capit.d of a t'ertilf v;il!cv of the liio. Jt is fcated at the niotith .it' ■tar the South Sea, 3^0 niiies \V. |ico. Lon. ic6# 5. W. lat. ly, ouRi:, a fniali fi.iport of France, trpariment of the Kuriern Pyreiiec province 9f Roulillon, at tin- foiifcopal town of (talv, iii 10 1 iilcs N. W. of Sitnnn. 7. K. I;.t. -15. 16. N. I VMITCX, a to.vn of Dcvoirfbirc, nr.rkf.'t on Thnrfuiiy. It is feated \\:t near the fea, 10 iliiies- N, if Hiul \io \V. by S. of London. 21). W. Iat. ;o. 54. N. MAi!, a large an(Hrini!ruiTT!; town iicc, c.ipit;;! of tie department o( If.hi.K- and late province ',f Upper , It ^v•^,i formerly avi imperial town, s bftn recently ertficd into a Ui- :. Jt is ftated near the river Iii. es S. bv \V. c)f Stratburg. I^on. 7. Iat, 4*1. s. N. i.MAUS, a town of France, in tl^e n.eiit of the I.owcr Alpi and l:;rc ;c of Provence, ao niiles K. of . Lon. fi, jc.E. lac. 44. 7. N. i.MOGORor), a town of the cinj>ire 'ia, in an illand fotm .-d by the river I, with an archhillioij's fee, 30 iniics of Arch.ingel. Lcn. ■?n. 4;. E, !.:.', a river of ElTex, whicli rill-. 'larK in Siaifolk, and paHiiig bv 1-I;il- and Colelieftor, empties' iM'tlf iiitu r!.-rman Occhu, lieiwceii Mcrfev and the nininlaiid. In tiie rnlt-wi'.tcV itid pools, at the m.)i:th of this river, ■li tile fanicjiii Coiv'hefter oyft'.rs. ;ul.N, a viver wliicii riles near Se- iipton in (Jloiirelk'rdiire, fiows S. i''; miles S. E. of i,:tneafter, and :i4 N. N. W. of Lunuoii. Lon. z. 5. AV.l.it. ,53. 50. N. Coi.(H-iiiN A, an ancient town of Tur- key in iMircpc, in the Miaea, 50 miles S. K. of Miliiira. Lon. 23. ii. K. Iat. sri. 3i. N. CoLOczA, a town of D'.-.ngarv, on the Diinube, capital of the coimty of li.ith, with an arciibidiop's lie, ^7 miies S, of Btida. T.tH\. iS.'2(). E. Iat,"4r.. 3:^, N. Coi.oc;na, :'. town of ital;,*, in ii;e Pa- diKoi, 20 milts S. W. of Padua. Lon. .17. 27. E. Iat. 45. 14. N. Coi.otiNt, an ancient, larjrc, and LandlblT.e city cf Getmiinv, with .m areli- biiliop's fee, and a uiiiverfity. Jt has 37 ni"nantri(.s, and 365 thurehis and cha- pels. It is fortified in the ancitr.t man- ner, with llroiig vv-alls, Ranked with 83 larac towers, ;.nd furn.ninded by three ditches. It is a free imperial city, and though the cleiftor has a pidacc here, lie hr.s not the liberty of itaying in it for many days togclher, nor is he admitted to come at all with a luimerous "ttendanct. It is featcd on the W. bank '.f the vli'nc. The inhabitants are generally Roman C;,th(lii;s, but there are Tome Proteftants, who -ire obliged to perform divine fervice Kt IMiJhcim, three miles from the city. 'J'hcy pretend to lliow, among a vali num- ber of other ri'iics, the- bodies of the ihrce r>r.;gi, called tiie Three Kingt ; and every feven years there .s a proceiHun of Hun- garians, who CMTC to return them thanks for procuring rain in a dry reafoii. It is J 7 miles E. cf Julierd. Lon. •;, 10. E. Iat. 50. 51;. N. Coi.otiNK, "leftorate of, one of the raoll fertili; and confiderablc eoiinrries of Germnnv, bou ided on tiie N. by the ducbyof Cleves, and by Ciieldcrland.on the F.. bv the duchy of BerK, on the S. by the archbiQiopric of Treves, and on the V\'. by r";e dutliy of Juliers. I'he eleiTcor u .I'chehanceiior of tti<. empire for Italy, and has a right to coiirecrate the emperor for Italy, with that of Metit/. The re- venues ace compucciJ to amount to ^30,oocl. a year, Coi.o.MiJ, St. a town in Cornwall, with a market on Thiir!'(!:;y. It is feated on a hill, at the bottom of whieli is a river, which falls into the fea at a fnudl dilfanee. It is 10 miles W. of Bodmin. Lon. 4. 52. W. Iat. 50. 30. N. Coi.o.MBO, ahandf(>me townof AHa, oti tbe W. n.dc ;if tiie i,'J5^ rn "V^ COM aiul Dutch, who are n'n ■ in porefJlon of it. The nuivii, live in the o -I -.own. without the walls of the new. The Oreets (,f tlii* lalt are wide .uul fpaciotis ; tlie buildings ir. the modern talk' j aiul ihe governor's hotiie I., a handl'onie tlrutture. ' Lo|.. 80. 15. E. Iat. 7. 10. N. Coi.o.MjjoT-/, a eafile of Turkey in. Europe, in liul^rari.-,, on a liilt, mider which IS the llrong p .fs of Urania. Coi.oMKV, or Coi.o.MiA, a to« n of Poland, in Red Rudii, on the river i'nith, 4^ niiies .S. J:. of UAhu. Lotl. 2?. 40. L. Iat. 4H. 41. N. ■Coi.oNNA, a fmr.lJ tow:- of Italy, in the (•:!,. 'pagna of knmc, 18 miles E. of. Lome. Lon. 1:. .-6. ]■'.. br, 41. ;;. N. ■ Coi.ossA. a fertile little illand, nn the V,'. court of Scotland, ilvcn miles \V. ot the ifland of Jura. Coi.-.oR, . diamond mine of the re- ninlula .of Hindoolfan, near the fort of Condavir, in the G'liitoor Circar. Coi.OK.Nd, a toun of Italy, in the 1 arma/an, near the Po, eii;iit miles from Parma. The duke of Parma has a plea-- lure-houfe here, one of the iiiolf dili.lit- fiii in Italy. Lon. 10. 22. E. Iat.''44, 54. N. ^^ Coi.os'.VAR, a large town ('f Tran- fylvania, where the liates meet. Jt is (eated (in the river Samos, 3- miles N. ^^'•."f ^\'..il^emburg, and 2 so E. by s! et Vienna. Lon. 2 {. i s. E. Iat. 46. 53. N.' Column A, ,^ town of the Rnifian em- pire, m the g' .•ernnient, of Mofeow, with an archbilhop's fee ; ;o miles S.E.of iMol- coA. Lon. 38. ?;. K. lac. ^^, -. N. Coi.i. Ri, an ifiuid of Greece, formerly call; J Sdlamis. The principal town is of the (ame name, on ihe S. Ilde, at the bot- tom ol the harbour, which is one of the tinell in the world. Though Ajax, who makes luch a hgure in JK-mcr, was kin? of tius illand, it is but a poor place. Jt in leven miles S. of Athens. Lon. u ; E. Iat. 38. o. N. '' Co.M, a large populous town of Perfia in Irac Agemi, 10 miles N. cf Ifpahaa' Lon. 5!. r,6. E. Iat. 34. .;. N. CoMAfHio, an epilcopal town of Italy, in the Ferrarefe. The air is bad, for which reatbn jt is inhibited by a fL\Y fifliermen only. Ir is •..7 miles S. F.. of Ferrara. L.in. ij. 10. E. Iat. 4.1. 45. N CoMAtiiio, a lake of the Ferrarefcj in Italy, bet vcea the two mou'hs of the river Po, and about 10 milts in circuirt- feience ; but dry in fever?l places. On one • of this lake tiie town of the latre tiarac is built. CoMANA, a feaport of S. America, the capual gf New Andalufia, in Terra Fir- •^ i nia. COM wa. It is defended by a ftrong caftle. Lon. 64. 29. W. lat. 10. 10. N. Cmmanagotta, a town of S. Ame- rica, in Ttrra F'rtna, 10 miles W. of Co- m^iia. Lon. 64. 40. W. lat. 10. 10. N. Come- Abbey, a village in Warwick- fliire, three miles from Coventry, once fa- jnous for a ricii abbey. Tile church is dtmoliflied, but the abbey, with fome niodcri! improvements, is the feat of lord Craven. Comb-Martin, a town of Dcv)n- fliire, with a market on Tuesday. It is fcatcd on the Briftol Channel, where it has an inlet which runs thrsugh the town. Jt is fevenmilts E. of lltraconibe. Lon. 4. 1. y/, lat. 51. 13, N. CoMETF, At', a town of Bohemia, with 9 handfome townhoufe. It wa^ taken by ftorm in 141 1, and all the inhabitants, men, wpmcn, and children, wpre put to the fwcrd. It is feated on a fertile plnin, 30 miles N. W. of Prague. Lon. 13. t(,. E. lat. 50. 30. N. CoMiNEs, a town of France, in the department of the l^orih and Jatc French Glanders, fcated on the river Li,- five miles S. W. of Mtnin. Lon. 3. 4. E. lat, 50. 45. N. CoMMERCY, a handfonie town of France, in the department of Meufe and late duchy of Bar, with a magnificent caftle, built by cardinal dc Retz. It is featcd on the Meufe, 160 miles E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 44. E. lat. 4S. 40. N. CoMO, a populous town of Italy, in the dtichy of Milan, with a bifliop's fte. Ji is dtlightfully fituated in a valky, in- f lofed by fertile hills, on the S. extremity of the beautiful lake of the fame name. Jt is Inrroundid by a wall, guarded by piflurcfque towers, and bscked by a co- tiical eminence, on which arc the ruins of an ancient caftle. The houfcs are nently built of ftone ; and the cathedral is a hand- fome edifice of white marble, hewn from the neighbouring quarries. On the out- fidc of the church, is. the ftatue of Pliny the Younger, in a niche, with a Latin in- icription bearing the date of 1499. Pliny was barn here ; and, in his Letters, fpeaks with rapture and cnthufiafm of the dcf'ght- ful fitiiation of his native town, an'l fhe romantic fccnjry of its environs. The inhabitants have eftaWiihfd feverf\l manu- f^ftoricB of cotton and filk, and carry on fomc trade with the Grifons. Como in 80 miles N. K. of Turin, Lon. 9. 7. E. Jat. 4t. 4';- N. CoMo, the largcft lake in Italy, in the ^Hchy of ^lilan. It is S8 miles in cir- cumference, but is rot above lix ^n^cs 9VW in any qnc pw. ' • . COM * CoMORA Islands, a ciufter of iflands, in the Indian Ocean, lying op- pofite the coaft of Zanguebar in Africa, N. of the channel of Mofambique and the ifland of Madagafcar. They are five in number, and are called Johanna, May- otta, Mohilla, Angezcia, and Comora. Ion. from 4° to 46" E. lat, from 10" to 14" S. CoMORiN, a promontory of Afia, th« moft ibuthern point of the peninfula of Hindooftan, and N. W. of Ceylon. Lon, 77. 3». E. lat. 7. 50. N. CoMORRA, a large town of Lower Hungary, capital of a territory of the lame name. Jt is fo well fortified, that the Turks could ncvef take it. The prcatcft part of the inhabitants are of the Greek religion. It is featcd on the Da- nube, in the ifland of Sibut, 70 miles S. by E. of Vienna. Lon. 18. 5. E. lat. 47. 46. N. CoMPipGNF, a handfome town of France, in the department of Oife an4 late province of the Ifte of France. It is featcd near an extenfivc foreft, at the confluence of the Aifne and Oife. Here is a palace, in which the kings of France often refided. The Maid of Orleans was taken prifoncr here in 1430. It is 4; miles N. P.. of Paris. Lon. 2. 55, E. lat, 49. zr. N. CoMPOSTELLA, a celebrated town of Spain, capital of Gatici?, with an archbi- (liop's fee, and a univerfity. The public fquares, and the churches, are magnificent. It has a great number of monafteries for both fexcs, and about iooo houfes. It is prete .dcd th:it the body of &t. James was Duried here, which draws a giH-at number of pilgrims from many parts of Chrif- tendom. Thty walk in procefllon to th? church, and vifit his wooden image, which ftands on the great altar, and is illumi- nated by many wax-candles. They kift St three' times, with great devotion, and then put thf ir hats on its head. In the chiitchare 30 filvfr lamps, always lighted, and fix chandeliers of filver five fee; high. The poor pilgrims are received into an hofpit^l, built for that purpofe, which ftinds near the church, and round it are galleries of freefjonc, fupported by large pillars. The archbifhop is one of the richeli prelates in Sp;V..i, hiving 70,000 crowns a year. From this town the mili- tary order of St. jago cr lit. janu-s, had its origin. It is feated in a peninfula, formed by rhe rivers Tambra and UHa, *6^ miles N. W. cif Madrid. Lon. 8, 17. VV. lat. 42. 51. N. CoMrosTELt.A, Nlw, a town of N. America, in New Spai^i, nwr the South the »"• O M ' Islands, a clufter of Ic Indian Ocean, lying op. aft of Zangucbar in Africa, lianncl of Mofambique and iMadagafcar. They are five |nd are called Johanna, May- Angezcia, and Comora. 1° to 46>' E, lat. from lo" to , a promontory of Afia, th? n point of the peniniula of ind N. VV. of Ceylon. Lon, t. 7. 50. N. |A, a large town of Lower apital of a territory of the it is fo well fortified, that could never take it. Tho of the inhabitants are of the lor. It is featcd on the Da- • ifland of Sibut, 70 miles S. :nna. Lon. 18. 5. E. lat. 47. iNF, a handfome town of the department of Oife an4 c of the IHc of France. It is an extenfive foreft, at the of the Aifne and Oife. Hera in which the king'lNGTON. a village in ilunting- donljiire, near Stilton, at ihc liead tf tb.e river wl-Mi forms Ug-mere, Prick-mcrc, and \V'lii:dcfea-;.ierc. Jt has tlic ruins of a cafilc ; and in a pool, jufi by thin village, was f und»lhe fKtlt.l n, <'n the N. and N. W. hv the ocean and Uliler, and on the S. and E. by Munller. It is i jo mile;, in length, and 84 in breadth. It ha:: no rivers of note be'idj the Shannon. It lias feverid convenient ii lys and crteks, and is fertile ' in many places. It had feveral dange- rous bogs, i.verrun with woods, which arc now, in fonie nieafiirc, cleared awav, Jt produces abundance of cattle, flieep, deer, hawks, and honey ; but tlie inha- bitants being iiidolentj it is the leaft c;il- tivated of all the four provinces. It con- tains one archbilhopric. five bi/hoprics, (ix Counties, fcven market-towns, 10 boroughs, and 330 parilhes. CoNNK ■uu'T, (me of tlie- five ftntts of New E., ,land in N. America. It is At milej long and ki broad, and is bounded pr (he N. by Jklairachiiiets, on r'le E. by P..;:o"> Tila ii, f.n the W. by K .tv York, 1^(1 "1} ths; 8. b-' the ^ou\iii, wiuaU Uividcs . . 'COX it from T.ong Illand. Thi/iigli fubjei^l to the extreme.* cf heat and cold in thi'r f.a- fins, and to frc(|aent ludden chiiiige'!, this country is very her.lthfiil. It u the nioft populous, in proportion to its cjttent, of any of the Jnited Srates. it refcnibles a weil-cuitivatcd garden, wh.ich, with that degree of induftiy which i-. effential ti> happinefb, products the nccefiaries and ciinMniencies of life ir abundmcc. Its principal rivers are the Conr.eibriu, the Ilouf;itoinl<, the Thames, and their re- lpe('"!ivc branrhe?. It conti'ms the coun- ties of Hartford, Ncwhaven,New Lond.)n, Fairfield, Windham, L,ichlield, Middlele.N-, and Tolland. In 1782, the number of inlnbnants was 276, 3^^. ■■ Cd.NNECTicuT, a river of Ntvv England in N. America, which rifcs m a f'wanip in lat. 4;, 10. N. and lon. 71.0. \V. and, taking 3 foutherly diretlion, talis into the Sound, .-.pp' fite Long Ifi.ind. Between W'rflpnleon ihe E. and W'cltmin- fier on the AV. fide if the river, are the great falls. The whole river, comprcfi'ej between two rocks, fcareeiy 30 fiet afun- dei, ihoots \\'i{\\ nma/ing rap.idity inic a broad bafin below. ,, Over toefe falls, s biidge, 160 feet in length, under %vhich the Ligheft R(;ods may pafs withuut in - jurv to ir, was built in i:i^ ; the firft bridge ever creitlcd over this noble river. From irs fuurcc to its mouth it is aljout 3C0 miles ; and on its bauks are' many pleafant well-built to'wns. Co\.voR,a io\.n tif Ireland, in the county of Antriiii, with a bilhop's fee ; iix miles N. of Antrim. I.on. 6. 6. E. lat, 54. 59. N. Co.sc^t'i.i , a handfomc town ( f Fiancp, the .^rf-.-ient of PinilUrre and late proviiKe of i5rjtagne, with a good harbour and road d is 11 miles W, of Breft. Lon. 4. 41. W. lat. 4S. 23. N. CoNSTANcF., a town of Germany, in tl:e circle of Suabia, with a bilhop's fee. It is delighrfully featcd on the Rhine, be- tween the two lakes of the fame name, A (\im\ itillnefs reigns throughout tiiis town, onfe fo ftourilliing ip commerce, and lb celeljrated in hiftory. (irals grows in the principal (h-eets ; it wear.: tlie melan- choly al'pecl of being almoft dcftrted ; and Icarcelv contains 30C0 inh iliitants. It w?s fornierlv in alliance with Zmicii and Ilalit, and, by their afliflaiice, had expelled the bilhop, and embraced the rtformaricn. But the" proteftant pautoii'; being worfied jn 1^3 1, Conllancc was (;bliged to lubniic to the emperor CharUs V. and to re- admit the catholic religion. It thus lolt its independence, and being ncglefted bv the houi'e of Auftria, foil by degrees into '^s prcllnt 4moft aanihilaictl ftate.. ii\ \C O N IiImikI. 'riiDiigh fubjei^ to |t' litit and ciilil in '.hur fi.:i- trei|acn: iViildcn cl>iui^;c-, VL-)-y licT.ldiful, It is :1k in propovricm to its extent, pnitrd States. Jt rtrcnibl_i.<. ;i '.! gariltti, wliich, witli that liilhy wiiich i-. ttTLntial tD |odiii:(;s the nLCtfiarits and of liic ir. abundmcc. Jtj In aru ilic Conncftiruf, the ihf Thaiufi, and their n;- hc?. It cont.'ins tin.' cnmi- Ird, NcwhavLn,Nc\v Lnndin, lidham, Lfichficld, MiddlclLX, In i-Sj, the number of IS 176,39^. ricvi, a river of Ntvv 11. Anii;ixa, which rifcs in it. 45, 10. N. and l(.n. 71. o. lu: a foinJKrlv dirdJ^^ii^r,, talis und, .'.pp' f:tc Lont; Jfl.iiid. ilc on iliv F.. .t.k! \\\ttmin-- \V. fidf if the rivtr. are the The whole rivtr, coniprcfi'tJ r-icks, fcaretly ;o feet afun- ith iinia/ing rap-idity inic a bclinv.^ Over tiiefe fidls, a feet HI length, under vvhich flc'odb may pafs without ir, - A'.i.i built in 1784 ; the firfl crefted over this nnble river. urce to its month it is aljnut and on it's banks arc' many i-bi|iit to^vn•l. , a tiji.n of Irtiand, in the i'\ntrini. with a bilhop's fee ; . of Antrim. I^on. 6. 6. K. 1 , a haiidtomc rnwii < f Ti ancp, ;^..itnt of Finllh.rre and lato iJrjtagne, with a irood li.irbour ' is u miles M'. of Urell. W. lat. 4S. 23. N. \'t'f., a town of Germany, in f Suabia, with a bilhop's fee. ■"iilly teatcd on the Rhine, be- wo lakes of the fame name, Inefs reigns thrcaghoiit tni'; ) flouriiliing ip coinmerce, and in hiftorv. Grafs ;^r()ws in fti-eets ; h wf.aro the melnn- of being almoft dcftrttd ; and ains 30C0 inb ibitanis. It w?<; lli:fncv with Zuricli and ]]al/l, r aflirtaiice, hi.d expelled the embraced tho reformation, teiiant pautt>ttan:t is famous for a four.ei'. held here in 1^14, vvhen tl-,.;-. vcre three popes ; but they were all de- pofed, and Martin V. was eleitec' in their room. 'J'he eniMicil eaufed John ilufian.l Jerome of Prajnie to be b.iint, thongh the emperor Sigifmnud hail i^iven them a I'afe condu6l, in piwiuance of this ma\iin, that no faith is to be kcpr wiili heretics. They liktwife condemned the liodrine of Wicklirt'e, and ordered his bones to be burned 40 vears after he was dead. The houfc is llill fliown, in which John VIul's waslciicd, and iipon which is il.'ced his head carved in ftonc. in the convent S()ove-memioned is alfo (hown the diingcon where he was contined : it is only eiiiht feet lo;i^, (ix bu.. lat. .,7. 3S. N. CoNST.wt'K, the name of two lanes that feparate S.vifferland from Germany ; the one called the upper ; the oti'.cr, the lower. The upper lake, or the liuu'rn Hi." i; 1 i, leagues in length, and fix in its greatell breadth. Through this lake the Hhine flows, and then enters the lower Jake. Like all the lakes in SwiflTerland, this is deeper m fiiinmcr than in winter ; which is owing to the firft racking of the I'now from the adjacent mountains. This I.'.ke exhibits on all fides the nioft en- chanting landfcapes. The lower lake, or the Ze:L'ir Sic, is x6 milci long, and ten in its gre-iteft breadth. Cofcsf .ANTIN A, a confidcrable tow.i of Africa, in tiic kingdoii) of Algiers. It is tlii. largcft and ftrongeft place in alj the ealt/ern parts, and is feated nt the top of a great rocj:. There is U'j way to it I'ut up fleps cut out of the rock ; and tile ufual way of punilhing crirniuals here is to throw them down the ehlf. Here are a great many Roman antiquities, par- ticularly a triumphal arch. It is 75 miles from the fea, I'nd ^(o E. by S. «jf Algiers, Loni 7. o. E. lat. 36. 4. N. CoNSTANTiN A, a town of Spain, in A^dalufia, with a caftic feated on anioun. tain, 40 iiilles N. E. of Se^ic. I. i8, i^o. E. lat. 41. t. N. * CoHSTANxrNori.i, tiir, Stkait OF, anciently calltri tlic Thracian Bof. phoriis, land forming th?: coiniTiunication DCtwccri the Euxiiic or Black Sea, iirid the Proponiis, now the fea of Marmora. It ij 10 triileii lonu;, ?,nd a inilc and a quar- ter hroad, where it is narrowed. Tlie Turks have built two casllcs, oppofitc to each other, to defend iht paffagc. It forms the reparation here between Eu- rope and Afia ; and the adjacent country h delightful. On one f,\c of it is fituaccd Coiiftantinoplc, and, on fl c ni.hcr, .Scutari, whtr" the VTrand Signior h.is his fcr.iglio, and which is confidcred as a fui^urb to the city. Const ANTINOW, a fown of Poland, ii! Voihiiiia, on the river Selucza, (11 miles N. E. of Kaminier.k. Lon. »;. 20. E. lat. 49. cS. N. CoNTKssA, a feaport of Turkey in Europe, on a ,^ilf of the fame name, in the Archipelago, icj miles W. '-,f Cun- ftantinople. Lcn. i?. ^S. E. !»i. 41. S.N. CoN'Tl, a town of Tfrance, 111 the de- F' irtmenr of Somme and late province of icardy. It gave the title of prince tonne of the branches of the late loval famil) of France. It is ftatcd on 'lie' river Seillc, 14 miles S. W. of Arniti,', ird 62 N. of Paris. Lon. i. 13. E. lat. A9. 41. N. CoNVERSANo, a town of the kin ;-. N. W. of Rhodes, fubjeft to the Turks. Lon. 27. 44- E. lat. 37. i.N. Copenhagen, the capital of Den- mark, with a univerfity. It is the bcft- buiit city of the North ; for, although Pctcrrtjurgh excels it in fuperb edilircs, yet, as CofKnhagen contains no wooden h"ufcs, it docs not difplay that ftriking coDtraft of meannefs and magnificence, but exhibits a more uniform appearance. It owes its principal beauty to a dreadful fire in 1728, that dcftroyed five churches and 67 ftreets, which have been finte re- built in the modern ftyle. The new part of the town, raifed by Frederic V. is very beautiful : it cor.fifts of an octagon, con^ raining four tmiform and elegant buildings of hewn done, and of four broad ftreets, leadinv; to it in oppofite direftions. lit the middle of the area is an tqucftrian ftatuc of that king in bronze, as big as life. It was cad by Saly, at the expence of the E. Indi^ Company, and coft 8o,»ool. derling. The drcf;'"; are well pavc4» with d, tootw^y on <:ach, but totj* ^lavro- ' b o P IH river of N. tl'.ilcs, bugh the vale of the fatsie whole eaftcrn border of |incl enters the Iriflj Sea, fjnvviiy, icienc town in t'.ie king- Iwith c.n arthbilhop'i f.;«, ruined by an eirthqualic Ip'.ace where thi catliedral jiiown. li ii 51 miles E. fcn, 15. 35, E. lat, 40. rvER, a large river of hieli flowi into the N, Ir war. dilciivtrcd by 177!?. As h^ l-vft a biai'ik it was fille'.l up, aftei? ircflion of the late ear? This tiver was traced 6t, 30. N. I'ln. 1 50. o. bi)Vfc TO leagutb fiom its TRAIT, H ftrait in the 8„ dividing the two large :h New Zealsnu U com- b-jut four or five league* Hitt, a fine hill in ed bj fir John Deo ham's ime name. Its bafe ex. i edgi; of the famous Run- uminit is crowned by the called Engleileld Green j miles W. by S. rj London, in ligham, through Wmd- ;, to iReading. land in the Archipelago, W. of Rhodes, fubjcft to L,on. ».7. 44. E. Jac. 37. EN, the capital of Den- iniverfity. It is the bcft. he North ; for, although tcels it in fuperb cdifiof^s, lagen contains no wooden 1 not difplay that ftriking :annefs and magnificence, more uniform appearance, nc'pal beauty to a dreadful hat dcftroyed fire churches which have been finte re- dcrn ftyle. The new part ifed by Frederic V. is very onfifts of an oi^agon, con-i iform and elegant buildings and of four broad ftreets, n oppofite direflions. In, the area is an equcftrian king in bronze, as big as aft by Saly, at the expence dia Company, and coft ij. The ftref;''; are well tootwrty on vach, but to<. lat. 51. t;o. N. Cordova, an epilcopil town of Anda^ lufiH, in S()ain, remarkable for its anti- quity, and for having preferved its fplen- tlour and riches through fn many ages, it being well known to the Romans by the name of C'jrduba. It is i'eated on the Guadaliniiver, over \vtiich is a magnificent ft'ine bricij'c. The circumference is large, but it IS not peopled in proportion to its extent, for tliere are a great many orch- ards and gardens within the walls. There are many fuperb palaces, churches, and religious lioufcr, particularly the cathe- dral, which v.'as a molque, when the Moors poffelTed the town ; for which rca- fon it ftill retains the name of Me zquita. The fquarc, called the Plaza Major, is furrounded bv fine hnul'es, under v^hich are piaziai. Tt'.e trade f.onfills in wine, filk, and Cordovlan leather. In the neighbourhood, are a vad number of orange and lemon trees. The beft horfes in Spain come from hence. It is 75 miles N. K. of Seville, and 137 S. by W. of Midrid. Lon. 4. 4. W. lat. 37. 5s. N. Cordova, a town of S.America, in the province of Tucuman, with a bifhop't fee, 180 miltb from St. Jago. Lon. 6x. S- W. lat. 32. 10. S. CoRDUAN, a famous lighthoufe of France, nt the mouth of the Gironde. It is 55 miles N. \V. of Bourdeaux. Lon. I. 9. W. lat. 4^. 36. N. Corf />, a peninfula lying to the N. E, of China, between 99° and 109° E. lon.and 32' and 46" N. lat. The capital town is Hanchin[^, where the king refides. Th« people are well-made, of a fweet and trad- able diCpofition ; fond of learning, mufic. and dancing; and, in general, refemble the Chinele. Their lioufcs are mean, being covered with thatch ; and they have no beds, hut lie on tht floor. Their arms are crofsbov/s and long I'abres. Their trade confifts in white paper, pencils, gin- feng, gold, r.iver, iron, yellow varnifli ; fowls, whofe tails are three feet long: horfes no more than three feet high J fable- (kin?, caftor, and mineral fait. In general, it is a fertile country, though abounding in mountains. They never bury their dead till three years after their dcceafe, but keep them in ccfTms for that time. It is tritiurary to China. Corfk-Castlk, a borough of Dorfet-, /liir", with a market on Thurfday. It is feated iii a peninfula called Pui'beck, on a rivet ^ COR COR X river bttwctn two liilK, nn one of »v.liirh ftnnds tliu c:i(llc. Ir i'- it niilus K. <«f Dorchcllir, aiul no VV. by S. ot Loiulon. f-on. I. 4. VV. lut. ^o. ^'C. N. CoRKl'.nu illand m the M'-clittrrancan, near the cualk oF Aib.inia, liibjc^'t tn the Vcntiiiiis, and tlic iiioii iiiipLitanr jilicc tbiy liavt ill jlit.lt piiits, btc;iii't it cdiii- «nand- tiic giilt of V'-nice ; fur \kl.icli r. ,'- ion they have always licrc I'tvtrai giiiics and other vcUr!?. The wefropoiitan thurth tif ihe Gretks, in tl:c capi.d, i» \e( Its Atiiation oQ th»: ittb.mus into ilic Mo- res ; its calUe on tlit top of .ai nhnotl in- .acctilib!c rock j ii' harboi1i< in ilic giiif; of Lepauto and Kngma •, it. liihes, -ind its architeil'ls, fciilpt t;, and painters, who were the nioft I'.iiful in Greece. It once "belonged to the \ cnttiaiis, but the Turk,, finally bccainc mafterb of it in 171;. It is now greatly decayed; for the iioiiils are not cont i oius, but inrtrniiMed \utii field"; and g,i iins, whi'h make it Uul^ like a village. The couutry about it abounds with corn, wine, and oil; and, i'rom the t.iftlc, is or.e ot t);c tinvll pror fpeflts in the vorld, ovrr tl'.c fta to the E, and VV. and a ftrtilc cmintvv N. and S. The narrowelf part of the iliiinuis it above fix miles ever ; and on a mount there, callvd Oneiiis, were formerly ctlc- brated the llHinii..n games. There arc Hill the ruins of a town upon it, and of, the temples dedicated to the Sun, I'luto, Plana, Neptune, Ceres, and liacchus. The inhabitants arc chiefly Chriftiins, of the deck church, who are ijliowtd liber- ty of con fc it nee. It is 40 miles N. W. of Athens. J-oji. 1). 3. h'., lar, 38. 14. N. Corinth, the ifthmus of, in the Mo-. rea, a jieck of land which joins the Mo- rca to Greece, and reaches from the gulf tof Lcpanto to that of Engina. Julius Caefar, Caligula, and Nero, in vain at- tempted to cut a chauQcl tluuu^h it : they Ihi. I( it on. 8. 13. rIi/!refore built a wall acr.jfs it, fslk.l llmaniilium, bteaule it w.i.. fix niilLS in I'.iigth. Tun was demtjilfed by Amu- rath ir. ivbuilt by the Venetian,, and l^.vilieda (iionl-tiiiie i)v M.ihdHietll. «.'onrr.\, a town of Spain, in Lconi :■", ii'.iles K. of Salamanca. Lon. 5. 41^. \V. lat. 41. ;. N. Ci/Ki., a loi.iity of Ireland, in tlic ptovincc of i\iunl>ci, So miles in kiv'tli, and yi in breathii; oounded in ti. VV, by K'.rrv and iht !t.i, on tj-.e N. by Lime- rick, and on the S. and S.h^. by the ocean. 1 1 contains ijj pariflies, iind fiml?. ift mtnd>ers to parliamenr, ]t is 'Vriilc and p'puliius, and has two remarkiible rivers, the Hlaekwatcr and Lcc. CoKX, the capital of the county of Cork, in Irtliiul, with .t' l)i(luip's fef. It is a mar, rich, a-id populous pl.icf. on tht river LcC; where it has a coiiimcdious harbour. Jt (urpalfes all the tiA> ns in Jielar.d for trade, ixcept Dm 114 n,lks S. VV. ofDi'.bl-n. I V\ . iar. ; r. 5 ;. Is. C'jl' US', a t'.iwn of Gerrr'^rv, in I'ar- t!a.r l'onier.:Mia, lubjift to the kins of I'riiliia. It is feared on the rivtr Pirlant, eight units. S. li, of Colberg. Lou. 15. 4:'. K. lat. i;4. jfi. N. Cor,.Mi-NxiN, a fortrcfs on, th.c Gt.'!4 C'lall cf (5ninca, btloni^ing to the Dutch, lielow it is the town, which is larjie and populous. Lon. o. le,. \V. lar. 5.30. N. CouMi R.v, a town of France, in the dcpannitr.t of Jndro and Loire and late prov ince of Ti uiiiiiie. It had recently ;» rich. Benedictine abbev, ,uid iv leartd on the Jndre, ei^ht miles i'roiii Tours. Lon. o. 2S. E. lat. 47. 30. N. CoKNKr, a cadle on the iflind of Giiernfey. Li.'D. 1. 40, W.lat. 49. 30. N. Coum;to, a town of Italy, in tiic pa- trimony of St. Petei, wjrh a bithop's li,e, fcated on the river Mart<\, three miles E, of the fea, and 37. N. W, of Rome. Il liy Aiiiu- ly tliL V'<;m:«ian.. and liic oy M.iliwinct 1 1. n of .Spniii, ill J.foii, paniancj. i.on. ;, 41,. fv of Ireland, in tlic , So luiith in icnv.'li, 11 ; D'lunclid in ti. VV. |!ta, (jn tl:t N. \:y Liuic- ,!iiid t).K. by the oicaii. |iaii(lie>, iiiul find". 2 ft Initnr. ]t is 'Vriilc hiiJ two rtinaiknbk' rivers, ;! Lcc. ipitnl of the county cf ultli .1' i)illui[)\ fee. It '.\ no|iuiouK pi.icf. ••n the c it has a tuiiiniciious I'.illtj all tliL' tovns in , ixiL'pt Dai !in. It is ol Di'.l^l'n. I.on. 8. 13. wn of Gcrrr. iny, in I'ar- lulijidt to till; king of red on the rivtr Piiliipt, of Colbtrj'. Lou. 15. N. a fortrcfs on tl.c (n.-lj , l;cli}ni;ing to the Dutch, own, whiil) is iarjic and . o. JH. \V. lar. ^. 30. N. a town of I-'iaiicc, in the J)uhc and Lniii; and Lac iiiiiiR'. It had rcctnily ;t ; abbi-v, ,!nd i^ fcattcl on : niilc!. from Tours. Lcni, . 30. N. calllf on the ifland of 1. I. 40. W.lat. 49. 30. N. i town of Italy, in tlic pa- ?Lti.T, w^rh a bilhop's ke, ver Malta,, three miles E, 7. N. W, of Rome. I.on. s. 15.N. a county whicii forms miry of Great I^ritain. It le E. by the river lamar, from IXvonlhirc ; on the 1 Chaiipel, and on the N. ije'i Ci'annel. Its lengtlj ) nint-tv miles, its breadth ire, is above fifty , but it ind at St. Ives does not then fpreads a little to W. and terminates in : of which is called the other the Land's Knd, :e of Exeter, and cont.iins 7 inarkct-towiii, imd i6i patiihcs i COR V pnil flics ; nndit frnds44Ticmbcr';tnp-.i'Ha. nieiit. The air is (liarii iiid liwililil'ul ro the tiMtiies ■, vet tlie vioiiniv "f the lea exnnpts this county frmn hard ftolls, andtliernuvv never Iks toni: on the !.;r(i'iud. The fame ns'lon rnav be airu^ned for t!ic frii.jmnt }»m4s of wi-id, wliich arc veru h lifteroiis, and fonietim ■'■ perni'.-ioir'. 'lb'." hill-; in the f;:iitrcol thi f.Minry, by attri''"lini; the" cI.uk'.'. anit vap.iurs, create at)iind ;iicc of rainy and (•'•''/y we it her ; but the iiih ;ji- ttnts afi; 'eUiom rtoubled \vith iiifcAioas difealV'i. The fealiaii arc fomewliat dif- ferent from tliofe in other part>, the i'um- miT bfin;: more temperate ; and as the autumnal fruits are later, then' linrvert h f'Idem ripe foi !avm:j up rill near Mi- chaelmas. The foil, as it is Hvalliw, is not verv fruitful, eiiKci.dl/ on the hilly pirtv. Tlv villies yield plentv of j;raf> ; and the lands noar the "ca. by li.ini; ma- nured with ft.i-weed and fea-f.md, pro- ihice corn. It lias fome plant.s which arc either uncommon, or have never been found in other coiuities : among ihcfe is a f rt of grain fown pkntifully toward the farther end of the ountv, wliieh is naked tiats, calleped of the hufk ; for which reafon it is much elU'cnicd. There rre plenty fif fi a- herbs, a- tamphire, erinico, ros foils ; ami, whit is pcculi^r to this county, the fwtetbriar ^rows naturally here. No othjr county is fo advantaije- ouflv fitiLiteil for c;'.rrvini; on lilheries ; and flu- inhabitant^ aviil theml'elves fitllv of their local advantages. It derives, however, its chief importance from the niinerds which tlie earth coiit.'ir;'. Thcfe cnnfiU of tin and copper : tii. mines of tin arc numerous, and are, iit ucnend, very rich in ore : thcfe have rcnJertd jhis county famous in all aires. 7 here has been iomctimcs found a fmall (jiiancity of ^'old and filver, but not worthy "f notice. With the metalline ores arc intermixed liirsje i]uantitiis of muudic and arlcnic. Many forts of ftoncs arc alio f, und here, particularly niofrftone, wliieh is uled both in buildiPijs aiid for millftones t its natural compolkion is henutif'il, conrniini; for the iricatert part of a v-hitilh tiranu- lated inarblf, variemted with n loit of black and v'tHow mafer relcnibiin;.; tini'el atul tinglafs, fhinitit^ a;:rce.ibly ir the fiinlieaiiis, .'ibis Hone, ihereforc, while new, gi es a glaring aPijcM; lu biiihl Ojrs ; btit t'.'.o, r^i prodigiouily hard st fiili, it loon changes its colour and confidence. Wiicn poliihed, it appears much more fpiendid !>>'.i\ bcHUttful than any of the marbk k^r.d, and ma''.i"-: the rirhefV furni- tuic, as tables, chiituiry-picccs, Jxc. but brini' r\fecdinj;ly bird, thi pnlidiing n Very cT;Ten!ivc. The copper mines arc alfo nume' :iu and rkh in ore. In many c-.vernouii pan* of the rocks are founil tranfMrciit crythih, cdkd Cornilli dia- rrxiiiK, they Ixiinj; very brilliant when Weil poliihed. The piinrijwl rivers arc the 'J-aiiMi-, Ciinel, and File. This ciwinry was one of the phcta to which the itncienr Britons retreated, whole Ian- giLigcihcy rctiirted for aconfiderablc time. Lint It is n< \v (|iiite cx'im''t. The king's eldeit foil k biirn ne<, and poorly kin.K'loTi of Naples, capital of C.ilabi la Ci- CkiltivHtcd ; however, the vnllics produce wheat, and rhc hill;, olives, |i^>s, prapcs, >lm(jn(i5, anil chtl'iuit<. Thry h.ivt horfts alfo, of a fury n.inirt, Thi re ar<; mines ,of iron, and a j^rmt deal of fifh and roral on the coalV. In the middle, is the nioun- tain Gtadaccio, where there are two Ijkes near each other, whence proceed the twti principal rivers. A ridj^e of momitaiiis dividcb the ifland into two parts, the N, and S. The capital is Baftia. It l:;- Innged to the Geqiiefe ; hut the natives having been for many years in revolt againtt them, that Itatc liirrcndeud its right to France, of which Coffica is now a department. Lun, 9. 0, R. lat. 4:. O.N. * CoRsoER, a town of Denmark, on the W. fide of the iflc of Zealand, on a fmall peninCiila, on the Great Belt, which feparates Zealand from Fiincn. It ha. a tcriorc, with an arch')ilho|>'s fee, and a caftic, it IS fcated on th^ river Cratci II milei from the Tea, and 105 S. E. of Naples. Lon. 16. io. R. lat. 39. 10. N. CosMN, a town of Germany, in I'rul- fian Ponierania, iO milts 1''.. of Colberg. Co-iNK, a town of P'rancc, in the de- partment of Nievrc and late province of Nivtrnois. Anchors for Uiips arc forged here ; aiul its cutlery and gloves arc much elUeined. It is feated at the confluence of the Loire jnd Noain, 88 miles li. of Paris. Lon. j. 6. E. lat. 47. tj. N. CossACs, R newie inhabiting the confine* of Polana, Rulfia, Tarr iry, and Turkey. Tl.iv arc ilividcd into i'evcral branches, the Kofakki-fa-Parovi, the Ko- fakki-Dmfki, and the Uralian Coffacs, Thel'e !■ the wildcft of them all, though ihcy dufll in large villages, along the haiiKs of the Ural, near its fall into good iiarbour for light vedels, and is d( - the Cafpian Sea. They live on hufbandry, fended by a citadel. Lon. 11. 12. E. lat. tithing, and their cattle; but rob their 55. 11. N. neighbours as often as they have oppor. * CoRSTORTHiN, 3 village of Scot- tunir^. In winter they keep at home j land, three miles W. of Edinburgh, fiiuat- but in fummer they rove inuoatson rhe cd on the declivity of a beautiful hill, and Cafpian Si.a, to attack the veffels fail- noted lor its cream. ing ihcreon. Their religion is a rnix- CoKTK, a town of Corfica, with a ture of Paganifm, Mahometanilm, and ftrnng cart Ic, 27 miles S. W. of Baftia. Chriftianity. Their only town is Urallk. CoRTis, a town of CJermanv, i;i the The banks of the rivers are exceediugl/ bifhopric of Lic4;c, lo mil's N. E. of Ra- fertile, and produce all the neceffaries of millies. Lon. 4. 59. E. lai. 50. 46.N. lire. Thefe people arc large and welU Cow roNA, a town of Italy, in Tuf- made?, have blue eyes, brown hair, and canv, with a bitbop's fee, and a famous aqu.linc noils ; the women are handfomef acaJemy, 32 miles E. of Sienna. well-fliaped, and complail'ant to ftrangers, CoRRuNNA, a feaport of Galicia, in The country which the Cofiacs now inhabit^ Spain, at the mouth of the river Groyne, is called the Ukraine, and is one continued Lon. 8. 19. ^V. lat. 4-!. 18. N. fcitilt plain, which produces corn, pulfc, CoRVO, the fmallcft iflaiid of the tolucco, and honey. The paftures arc Azores, having only about fioo inhabi- fo good, that their cattle are the largeit in tants, who cultivate wheat and feed hogs. Europe. Their towlis are built of wood, Lon. :?i. 5. W. lat. 39. 42. N. after the manner of the Ruflians, Tho Ko- • CoRYVREKAN, a dangerous whirl- fakki-DonIki dwell on both fides 01 the pool on the \V. coaft cf Scotland, between Don, are under the protcftion of Ruffia, the ill e of Scarbaand the N. point of that and profcl's the fame religion. See Ural, of Jtira. It is fo named from a yoiuig Urai.ian' Cossacs, and Uralsk. Danilh prince, who pcnfhed in this place. * CossrMB a/.ar, 1 fmall city of Hin- As the tide advances, this unfathomable dooftan Proper, in Bengal. It has becp'. gulf, of which the dreadful vortex extends at all rimes the rclidcncc of the diiferent above a mile in circuit, begins to boil up ; European faftors ; this being the centre and, at full fea, its numerous <.ddics form of their trade. It isfeatcd on- an ifland watery pyramids,. Nvhich rife into the air, in the weflern arm of the Ganges, no and burfting with the noife of thunder, miles N. of Calcutta. Lon. 83. 22. E. whiten the fubjacent waves witii foam. lat. 25.40. N. Many fmalltr whirip /ols mal r;ipid cur- '^ Co'jtagn azz ar, the highcft moun- rents arc found in tlii» mijlibonrhcxKl ; tain of Turkey in Europe, in Romania, dariTtrous, ho^vtve^, to thole oniy who anciently called Hajmus. are ftrangers to the coad. Costa Rica, a province of N. Ame- CoRZULA, an ifland in the gulf of V;- rica, in New Spain, bounded on the N. nice, on the coall of Dalniatia. L.on. 17. «. E. lat. 43. 1 6. N. CostNZA, a ccnfidcrable town of the E. by the ocean, on the S. W. by the South Sea, on the N. W. by Nicaragua, and on the S. E. by Veragua. The foil is not fcftillrj apital of C.ilabiia Ci- :lu)illio|i's ftc, and a on tlij river CratCi lea, and lo; S. E. of o. R. Int. 39. 10. N. of Cicrmiiny, in rnil- milts v.. i)f Colberg, of P'rance, in ihc dc- and late provintc of IS for fliips arc fi.rfj^d ry and glove* arc much tated ;it (he confluence Niiain, 88 miles '.■>. of K. lat. 47. J 3. N. H'onlc inhabiting the , Kuffia, Tarr iry, and r( divided iiiio i'evcral ikki-fa-Parovi, the Ko- 1 the Uralian CoIThcs, left of them all, though rgc villages, along the ral, near its fall into They live on hufbandry, cattle ; iiiit rob iluir en as they have oppor- r they keep at home } hey love in uoats on the attack the velTels fail- heir religion is a niix- fm, Mahnmetanilm, and icir only town is Uralfk. le rivcri. are exceeding!/ luce all the neceffaries of ;jplc are large and well* e eyes, brown hair, and the women are handlomef il complail'ant to ftrangers. ich the Coflacs now inhabit* ■aine, and is one continued lich produces corn, pulfe, incy. The paftures are ;;ir cattle are the largell in r tovvha are built of w-doJ, r of the Ruffians, Th>; Ko- well on both fides ot the the proteftion of Ruffia, arae religion. See Ukal, SACS, and Uralsk. /AR, a fmall city of Hin- , in Bengal. It has beer* rcfidcnce of the ditTerent irs ; this being the centre It is featcd on- an ifland arm of the Ganges, no slcutta. Lon. 85. 22. E. A 7./ A R, the highcft moun- f in Europe, iu Romania, Hajmus, a, a province of N. Ame- Spain, bounded on the N. , on the S. W. by the South W. by Nicaragua, and on ^tragua. The foil is not fcrtillr ' C O V fertile ; but there is plenty of cattle. ^ew Carthage is the capital. CoTPUs, a ftrong town of Germany, in Lower l^ufatia ; lubjttt to the king of PrulJia. It is fc.ittd .n the river Spree, 60 miles S. by K. of Bcrhn. Here arc a great number of Frem li protcftanis, who have introduced their manulaftures ; and it is noted for excellent beer, pitch, and the culti- ation of tiax. Lon. 14. 12. E. lat. 51. 36. N *• CoTK li (* a, a department of France, containing patt of the late province of Burgundy. Dijon is the capital. * Cotes vv Nokp, a department of France, To named frcjm its northerly mari- time pofition, and containing part of the late provmce of Brctagnc. St. Brieux is the capital. CoriG.NiAC, a town of France, in the department of Var and late province of Provence, on the river Argrni. It is fa- inous for its I'weetmeats. ♦ CoTEswoi,i>, or CorswoLD Hii,i.s, a long tradl of high ground in the E. part of Glouceft>.rihiic. It is for the mort part bleak and bare, yet affird- ing in many places a fme Ihort grals for the feed of Ihetp, and at prefent princi- pally devoted to tiic growth of corn. The fides of this long range are extremely beautiful as they fink into the vale, from the hills of Stin'chcomb and Nul-^y in the S. to that of Bredon in the N. vvaich has been celebrated in ancient rhyme. Coucv, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aifnc, nine miles N. of Soit- Ibns. Lon. 3. 13. E. lat. 48. 30. N. CoVENiKY, a large and p pulouscity of Warwick Ihirc, which, wita L < hficld, is a bilhop's fee. Its market is on Friday. It is a county of itfelf, governed by a may.ir, 2 bailiffs, 2 (hcriff;-, and 10 alder- men, and fenil-. 2 members to parliamtnt. It has 10 ward., 3 parilh-churchev, 1 free- fchools, and feveral hofpitals. The houfes bein^ nioltly old, and built of wtx)d and plailcr, with ftories prnjetling over each otncr, mike a mean appearance. It had Tery early a great trade in various articles of manufafture, as cloths, ihi.-fs, thread, &c. At prefent, its pilntipal branch is that of fjik ribands: f' me gauzes, camlets, and laftiags aie alfo made lure. Tile goods are ten; to London by wag. ons ; but this citv has a coiiiinanieaciou witu the Gtaf- fo;d.iiirc Grand Trunk, l)y a canal to Fradl y ; a \d by ano.ncr ca al, wiiich joins the Oxford canal at Drauniton, it has alto .. cummunicatio.i with the riiaines. Coventry 1? 91 milts N. W. of loudun, L.':i. I. iS.W. la:. 52. 2S. N. Cqvluoln, a tuwn of the United COW Province*, in OvcrylTil, with a fortrefs in the inirlhcs, ftrong both by nature and art. It IS 3 5 miles N. F.. of Dtventcr* Lon. 6. 3 V E. lat. 52. 46. N. Coi;i.AV, or QiMUoN, a country of the ncninCula of llindoi.ftan, on the cualt of Malabar. The inhabiiailts are gene- rally Gentoos, with fome ChrilliaiK of St. Thomas. The capital is of the lame II ime, where the Dutch have a fcttlcmcnt. Lon. 71;. JO. E. lat. H. 30. N. CouRi.ANi>, a fovcreign duchy of Eii« rope, bounded on the NortU bv the Bil- tic, on the K. by Livonia, and l>y Poland on the S. and VV. It is divided into Cour- land Proper and Scmigallia, and is 1 50 miles li)ng and 40 broad. The country fwells intt) gentle hills, and is fertile in corn, hemp, and flax. It is moftly open, and in fome parts i lothed \vith forefts of pine and lir, durted with occafional grovet of fine oak, fprinkled with much under- wood. The villages arc neat, the fcatter- ed c )tt.igcs and gentlemen's (cats prettily fituated amid clumps of trees, and tlie inns provided with beds ;a great luxury to travellers juft come from Ruina. It i« nominally a fcudatoiy province to Poland, but, ill reality, dependent on Rulfia. Mic« tau is the capital. CoL'RTRAY, a town of the Auftri-ui Netherlands, on the rive'- Lis, 12 mil«» E. of Yp;es. It was taken by the French in the fpring of 1792. It was evacuated foon after ; their pencral, Jarry, on the ap- proacli cjf the AuUrians, tirli letting fi.'c to the fuburbs, which were dettroyed, to the great dil'pleal'ure of marlhal Luckner, and of the French N.itional AITcrablv. They took it •- lin in the winter of the fame year, but ..ere compelled to evacuate it once more in the enfuing fpring. Lon. J. 6. K. lat. 50. 50. N. Coi'sERANs, a late province of France, iyin-j; .dong the river Satat, and forioing, with Foix, the department of Arriege. CoUTANCEs, a feaport of France, in the department of the Channel and late province of Normandy, with a bifhup's i'Cc. The churches, and pa-ticularly the cathedral, arc magniticent. I. is 22 miles N. of Avranehcs. Lon. 1. 23. E. lat. 4^ 3. N. CoL'TitAs, a town of Fiance in the department of Dordogne ar. . late pro- vince of Perig.)rd j iiated on the Dor- dogne, ;o miles N. E of Courdtaux. L-.ni. o. 3. VV. lat. .;o. 4. N. CoWDitiDGE, a I'lViall but neat town of Glainor.^anfiiire, with a market oi\ Tuefday. It is called bv the Welch Pont-\ an, from the Itone bridge over the liver, wh'.ck luuu aft^r tails iucu the lea. Tii« C R A The ftrefM nrc hrnail nnd pavfd ; it I* ^n- veriicil liv two l)iilttf», II alilernifii, nul 1 1 C'lntni'm-cimnoil ; atiil hctc tin; airi/ci for tlic I'Piiiifv ;ire liilil. If is i» niilcs W. of Ciriliir, .iiul 17A W. i)f l^m- don. I.rtti. V n- W. I;u. ,n. iH.N. Cow Ts. a It.UHPit, nil the N. K, if flic Itll of VVi^ilf, ti^lit mile. S. W. of I'^rtf- •moiitli. Loii. 1. 1.?. W. ht. to. 4'>. N. Co/.t'MKt., iitt illunil nf N. Air.crica, on the K. coall iif Yucat.in, wlicrc Corn/ Untied, anti rifrtlliiil iiis troups, before he attempted tl'.e loivincrt of Mexici), It a- bfiunds "ith friiirs, pul.c, cattle, .ind fowls. Tiie oiiniii.d natives rtill polfefs this idand, Imt ful>ji:('.t to Spain. C*AC\'r"\, the foutlurninoft of a fliillur of iflandi m the entrance of the Oraif. of Suiul.i It conliOs of el.vated I. Old, tiradinllv rifnii^ on all fidts fi-oni the feu, ami is eniirtlv covered with ireturi;hfliire, in Scotland, called alfo the Almond. For I'evtral miles it dj. vidcs this county from Linliihi^owftiire, ami fall, into the frith of Forth, at the fmall village cjf Craniiiiond, a place re- markable for the traces of a great Roman ftation. Its fertile banks are adorned with villages and country I'eat'-. Cm ANKOiJKN, a town of Dorfetdiirc, with a market i;n Wednefday. It is well watered with llreanis, and has a fine chafe, which extends almoft to Salilhurv. It is 38 rnilcs N. E. of Dorchelter, and 94. W'. of London. C«,\vii«ooK, a large town in Kent, with a market on Saturday, the bell in thefe parts. It is i? miles S. of Maid- Hone, and i;t S. K. of London. Lon. 0. 59. E. lat. f I. 4. N. Cn.wc; woiti:, a town and fort of the iKniiilula i.f llindoodan, on ihe coall of Alalab.ir, lately I'ubjcft to the Dutch, bv whom it wns taken from the Portu;;ue(c in 1662. In 1789, the Dutch fold t hi i place to the rajah of Travancore, Hut Pippoo Sultan, regent of Mylorc, dif- puting their right to fell it, a war cnfued between that prince and the rajah, wht) being powerfully iupported by the Eiii'- lilh, and their allies, the nizam of the Deccan and the Mnhrattas, the war wa? Iiappily terminated in 1:01; Tippoocoii- fenting to pay above three crores of rupees, toward the expeiices of the war, and to cede one half of iiis dominions to the three conf.derate powers. Cranganore is featcd at the mouth of a river, 24 miles N. by W. of Cochin. Lon. 76. 30. E. iat. jo. 23. N. Ckato, a town of Portugal, in Alrrt- ti-io. R A within the wMli of th«[ in^ "f the r(.vtrtis;u» "•» rcil. Cracow i« nomili-* law. Lou. lo. 16. K. bt. l.AR.aruinnm cnftlc.two Jinbiir-h, in which M.»iy rclldol, after htr return cdi. llir Ircncli retinae l I'crc t.M), ic- Ih mJich with the iiroili- .y, Ihc often retired, tuiu- ithuly in folitiulc. r-mi^h of Scoilanil, in V'lft- Hith iif the fritli of Forth,^ f St. Andrew's. Lon. 1. 15.N. ;, a tifwn "f Gerinany, m c river S.nve, 10 niiW* N- Lon. 14. 5. li- l->t' 4<'' )Nn Water, a river i-f in Sotluul, called alfo For 1'tvi.ral niilrs it di- ntv fn)m l.inliih'^owlliirv, til,; frith of Forth, M the f Cr.ininioiid, a plnce rc- flie tracts of a ijrcat Romiin fertile banks arc adorned iiid covmtry feats. UN, a town of D»rrctn»)rc, t i;n \v eilncl'day. It is well 1 llreams, and has a tine extends almort to Sahllury. , N. E. of Dorchellcr, and ndon. . OK, a large town in Kent, ft on Saturday, the lull in It is I? niilfs S. of Maid- S. R. of London. Lon. o. ;'our., a town and fort of the lIindool\an, on the coaft ot Iv I'libjeft to the Dutch, hv i taken fro:n the Portii!;iiefc I, i-Sq, the Dutch fold thi. ■ rajah of Travancorc, Hut an, regent of Mylorc, dil- right to fell it, a war cnlued It urince and the rajah, who •fully iunported by the liii;.'> leir allies, the ni/.am of the the Mnhrattas, the war was linatedin 1-91 i Tippoo con- ,y above three crores of rupees, cxpenoes of the war, and to If of iiis dominions to the three powers. Cranpanore is fj^atcd th of a river, 14 miles N. by lin. Lon. 76. 3°- K. lat. 10. a town of Portusjal, ir. Al-rl- tLJO, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^ _ til v. I. 1128 ^6 1^ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 .« 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation \ S V % V

23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 •%^ »»i. .;. , 1'*-;!'^* i>2aia.'-fs=«'!S"W ,:;^.%>M;».?£«<.KK;rJ^«,u«ra»«H»8!!iia«Ke^^ i/.A 'i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques -f;^^^,i^m^ss »jm^f>£:f v^?if S i¥ir'SW& '^?;is m^iiii?s^^ / !"'SSiS"'V' tejo, fi iq p.l tlie ca of Ma Cr in I he and lii for tl j;ainec is 32 I Ck fliirc, I'cated :i hani a cath The t in i-ji tory c Excte Lon. •■* ( land, Kiikc a«c ci Ihells frvJin from efteei PtTCl •nc ( Pcrtl Ci partii J Ik ( five : Ut. - Ci tnry with river 9. ■;( Ci the vinci tain, 20. 1 C of D Pref C tovvi capil c;i'al The boul and tirae tlic '. C R E te]o, fevcn miks E. of Portakgra. . It has ig p.irilhcs under its juririli('li( n, bctulc the capital priory bck)iii!;ing to the orckr of Malta. Lnn. 7. 20. W. lit, 30- 6. N. CRKCY.orCRKSsv.avilligi'ofKrancc, in ,iie department of the Straits of Calais and lite prmince of Picardy ; remark ibk- for the great vift^ry over the French, caincd here hy Edward in. in 1346. It IS 32 miles S.'by E. of Calais. CuEDiroN, a large town in Devon- (liire, with a market^on Saturday. It is i'eated between two hills. The church i. a handlome ftnifture, built in the torm of a cathedral, to which belongs a tVeclriiool. The town was alinoll all deltro^ed by lire in I74^ It has a confulerabli: manufac- tory of fergcs, and is 12 miles N. W. "f Exeter, and iSi W. by N. of London. Lon. ^ 4.t.. W. lat. 50. 49. N. • Crkf.town'. a fnid! port of Scot- land, on the E. fide of Wigton Kav, in Kirkcudbrightlhire. Here fevcral Hoops a«c conllanlly employed in cirrying le churches handibme, and the kfuares large. It has been teveral times taken and retaken. It is leated on the Pa, 30 miles N, VV. of Parma. Lon. 9, 5S. E. lat. 45. 8, N. CRtMOKEst, a territory of Italy, in C R I the duchy of Milan, bound d en the E. by, Mantua, on the N. by Brelciano, on the W. by Crennfeo and Lode7.-Lode/.a'n, and on the S. by Parma. It is feriile in wme and fruits,' and belongs to tli- Iwufo of Aullria. Cremona is me capital. CuKMrKN, a town of Ctermany, in the * duchy of iioUlein, fi' e miles from Hain- biM-jTh. Ckf.scektino, a town of Piedmont, on the river Po. It \v.« taken by the French in 1704. and by the allies in 1706. It ii 20 miles N. F.. of Tuiin. Lon. i. o. E. lat. 4s. 20. N. Cuisrv, a town of France, in the de- partnienl of Oile and Luc provitici if the ]!le of Fiance, 17 miles S. of Compiegnc. Lon. 2. 5^. E. lat. 49. 10. N. Ckkssv. See Cki CY. CuEST, a town of France, in th^ de- partment of Drome and bte proviiice of Dauphiiiv, feated on the river Dr sme. ilcs'S. E. of Valence. Lon. z'>. E. lat. 44. 40. N. CuEvi-.coF.UK, a town of France, in the department of the North and late pro- vince of Cambreli-, feated on the ScheKl, five miles S. of Cambray. Lon. 3. 20. E. lat. 50. 6. N. ■'•■ Crei-'sr, a department of Franrc, (o named from a river that falls inr^-i xin- Vi-^ cnne, and containing the late iirovii.ce cC Marche. Gueret is the capjf.l. Creutzn ACH, a town of (Germany, in the pukuinate of the 'Rlune, with a caftie on an eminence. It is 20 mileb S. W. of Mentz. Lon. 7. 55. K. lat. 49. .1.4. N._ C'Rivt-KERNE, a town of S.mcrfct- fhire, with a market on S iturday.^ It is leated on a branch of the Parret. Tnree miles b .ey< lid tills town is a hill, that com- mands one of the m'-ft beautiful profpcfts in the kingdom. Ciewkeinc is ,132 miles W.by "S.of LonduHJl^n. 3. c\V. Lit. so 5o.'N. &-'*^ Crickhowee, a to#h of Brtcknock- (liire, with a market on T'.uirfday. It is feated on the river Utlc, 10 miles E. by S. of Brecknock, i^m. 3. 7- W- l-^t- 5 J. 49. N. CRicKi.ADF,,abor';ii2h of Wilts, with a market on Saturday, it u feaad on the Thames, whicli almoli furrounds it. It is 2 s miles S. \V. of Oxford, and S? W. of London. Lon. i. 50. \, lat. ■;>- 40. N. Crimea, or Crim Tartary, ti;e ancient Taurica Chcrfonefus, a peninfuli m Al",a, bounded on cue S. an. I W. by the Bl.ick Sea ; on the N. by the pro- • vince of Catharir.ennaf, with which it communicates bv the itthinus of Pa^Kop ; and on the S. i))' the ici of Aloph .,nd M tiie C R I ftevffr^^-'ptrr^^^ '*^, ' C R O c.....m<' ci il a '.vant;ig(.'s. Long bch.a tliL rmc.f lcnH!>tus"itsS.c,altw,i<;occu. Z by Grc.k Ictrlcrs wl,o bu.'t cvcra n'.s .hich, however arc not a.ou,h ,o have bc.n exaftly on ihc fitc of / of Ponnis. On In- ^l'-i'-« ■'"i SSi"-"membut.ry.otheRon.an.. It wLs fucctUivck ravaged by the Sa - n .:.«, the Al.ni, .he Goths, (-1^" "'• J^ "n el aUilhn.ent in the moun.atns to the S^ht Huns, and the Rhazan. T p.rts of Keith and Jenikak, the ro:ul of Carta, and. the harbour ot j^'}^^-'"^' there is, near Scballapol, one of the hneft harbouis in the world, fecurcdtrmn all winds, lufTieitntly capacious to adnut large fleets, with depth of waier tor (hips ot any bur.kn The Crimea now torms one of the ?wo provine-:s of the govern- ment of Catharmenllat, under the name - of Taurida. in fome late maps it is calleU '^Cao^AriA, a provincc_ of H"nc«7; f b:.u..led on the N. by bclavonin, on E. by B.!n:a, on the S. by D.dinatia and tlie \^ulf of Venice, and on the U . by Carniola. The L'reatcft part o it belongs to the houfe of Aviftria. CarUladt is the 'Tko.a, a town of Albania, in Turkey in Europe, with a bilhop s lee. It u feated .u.tr the gulf of Venice, 13"-- N. E. of Duratzo. Lon. 19. 27. L. lat. '^'^•. Cromack-W ATF.It, a hke of Cum- berland, between Buitermere an^ L"";^;^- w.uer, with each of which it is con- nX by the river Cocker. Jt is 4 mil s 0" and, in fome places, near half a mile over. It is beautilied wuh three !ma I iiks. one of them a rock. At the N E. i:,;r IS. Intndfomeftone bridge otW arches over its outlet, the Cocke . Tl e ^vaterofthis lake, though clear, is not o tranfparentasthe lake <'f ^'^''-'^f ^ J^ ' ,s well as Buttermere and I^"wes-wattr, it is of a much greater depth than the Derwent. It ab^^nds with very fine ch^ and red trout. e^„,Ianf1 * CK.OMAUTY, a county of Scot and, which comprehends part of ^ F.^""J''^;;^, the S. lide of the frith to which it gives amc On the S. and W. It is bounded by Rofsfliire. It is .. miles long from E^ to W. and about three is its greutcft 1 tendth. It is fertile and wcU-cu Itivatcc ; ,,utitisnowalmoftdeft,tuteofoldtra.s thor-h, in the days of James V. it was a fureft, ^"d afforded flieltertomany wove . It fends one member to parliamci.t, sUtr- natcly with Nairnc. , Cromart.S the capital of the fli.re or Cromarty, in Scotland, at the mouth of the frith of the fame name, ^hu bo- rough has a manufafture of coarfe clo h, a confiderablecoaft^^ng trade. n corn. with a market on Saturday. It w leatect :e"^l"Uanawa,form^yt^o--; churchi houfes. Tile in Tlie p, was bi curious preat ilands, being . oMCc a miles r Londo; ■■■■ C on the Derby ward foiiie improi and by of the fully f ties, built, '' churcl of Dei Cri circle berg, of Ilniit large cnth of warei- tor (hip of The Crimea now tnrms /(> proviiie':s of the govcrn- Imrincnllat, under the naini; ill feme late map^. it is caileU , a pnnincc of Hani;ary, [he N. bv Sclaviinia, on ihe , on tlie S. by U.ilinatia and Venice, and on the W. by- lie ereatell part of it belont;-; of Autlria. Carllladt is the , town of Albania, in Turkey with a bilhop's fee. It is the gulf of Venice, 13 tmUs Lon. 19. 27. E- '''^* C R O CUB urajzo. churches, one of which, with fcvcnl ficd ; and it is 35 miles N. W, of Glo- houfes, was fwallowcd up by the fea. gaw. Lon. 15. 49. E. lac. 5;. 5. N. The inhabitants are now chicrtv tilhcrmen. CiiOTONA, a town ot the kingdom of Tlie part of a church, which Itill remains, NauLs, on the gulf of T..ranto, with a was built in. the tune of the Savons, of blfhop's fee, and a citadel, 15 mile!. S. E. curious tlint, and the t')wcr was railed to a of St. Severina. Lon. »;. 17. E, hi. 39 ACK-WATF.it, a lake of Cum- ween Buiterniere and Lowe?- h each of which it is con- he river Cocker. It is 4 miles ;n fomc plans near half a mile is beautilkd with three Imall if them a rock. At the N. E. i handfome ftone bridge ot ^^ur r its outlet, the Cocker. The lis lake, thou-h clear, is not lo t as the lake of Derwent ; but, Buttermere and Lowes-watt-r, much greater depth than the It abikinds with very fine char out. , - , , MAUTY, a county of Scotland, nprehends part of a peninfula on e of the frith to which it gives )n the S. and W. it is bouiulecl lire It is ii miles long from . and about three is its greateft It is fertile and well-cultivated ; now almoa deftiiute of old trees ; in the days of James V. it was a kI afforded flieltertomany woWes. one member to parhamci.t, sltcr- iJuT's'tli^ capital of the fliire of y, in Scotland, at the mouth ot li of the fame name. Tins bo- as a manufafturc of coarfe cloth, ,nfiderable coafting trade in corn, Jam. fift, and flcins of various I't is .6 miles N. of In^emels. ?j. W. lat. S7- 44- N. MKR, a fmall town of ^^"rfolk. market on Saturday. It « f^ted ,t: fca, and was formerly more con- preat licij!;iit : this, indeed, is ali that Hands, and the other pan of this (Irufiure bcin;; .Iccaved, divine icrvicc i^ performed once "a fortnight in tlie ftcple. It 'i 21 miles N. of Norwich, and i.-.; N. K. of Lond.m. Lon. i. iv W. lat. i;?. o. N. • ClloMKOitD, a vill.ige in Derby (hire, on the river Derwent, in the n.id fiotn Derby to iVrinchclter. Here Mr. (after- ward' fir Richard) Arkwright er^iUd 9. N. ' Ciioucit, a river of EfTex, which rifes near H luid.in, anil flow in;; eaftward, di/ides the huiuhed of Rochfcird fr'nn that of Dcngy, and falls into the Ciennnri Ocean, b:.t'.\-ecn Barnham and Fouhiefs lllaiid. The Wahleet and Burnlum oylters are ihi produit of its creeks and pits. Crowlanmj, a town in Linr^lnOiire, fonie of the new cotton-mills, a capital with a marka 011 Saturday. It is leatod jm-irovemcnt of methitiitm due to him ; in the Fmv, and had formci ly an abbey of and by me.ais of which the vaiiou> branches great note. There is no coming at it but: iif the cotton minufai'tuie have wonder- by narrow caufeways, which will not ad- fi'illy fprcad in tiiis and the adjacent conn- mit a cart. It has three ftreers, feparated ties. Here alio fir Richard Arkwright from e,.ch other by watercourfes, whofe built, before his death, a noble feat, and a banks are lupportc'd by piles, and fet with church. Croiiiford is 14 miles N. N. \V. willow-trees. The chief trade is in fiih of Derby. ^'"' ^'''''' •'"^vl, which are in great plenty ' Cronach, a town of Germany, in the i:i the adj.rcnr pools and marflics. It is 11 circle of I" ranqonia, andbilhopric of Kain- miles N. of Peterborough, and 93 N. by- berg, with a citadeh It is 2 i miles N. E. W. of London. Lon. o. 10. VV. lat* 52. of I:ico, about the murder of his father \ as perpe- trated. Lon. 12. 54. E. lat, 56-0. N. Crosi:nburg, a town of Germ ,ny, in the landgravatc of Heire CaflTel, with a caftlc. It IS feated at the foot of a m 'n- tain, and is furiounded bv a double w:..': It is 10 miles N. of Francfort on the Maine. LoQrt#. 4°- l'^- '^t. 49. =;>;. N. ., . , , - , CKONsrADT, a town and fortrels of 700 miles in length, and S7 in breadth. It Rulfia, fitua*ed on the ifland of Retufari, was dilcovered by Columbus, in 1404. on the gulf of Finland, It has a g'>od The Spaniards arc entirely mait( rs of it, harbour, which is the ftaiion of the Rui'- having extirpated the na ivcs. The foilig fian fleet, with the great magi/Jncs of not extremely fertile; but. there arc paf- naval llores, as well as docks an.{ yards for tures fufficient to feed a great number of building Ihips. It is 12 miles W. of Pe- iheep, and hogs, wliich wero originally terfbur?. Lon. 19. 56. E. lat, 59. c6, N, brought hitlier. There are llveral h,rti Cronstadt, a town of Tranlvlvania, of mines in the mountains, and forell^ full 6omilcs N.E. of Hermanftadt. Lon. 26. of game The produce is fugar-canes, o. E. lat. 46. 30.N. ginger, cnllii, wild cinnamon, and very Crossen, a handfotne town of Silcfia, good tobacco, c.iixd by the Spaniards Ci- capital of a principality of the fame name, ganos. The hills run through the muU at the confluence of the Bcbar and Oder, die of the illind from E. to \V. hut, nrar in a country abounding with wine and the coaft, the land is generally k\ el. Here fruit. The bridge over the Oder is fgrti- are many livulcts, which run froin the M 4 bill* C U L ' yiiJil|i,HH."..>»"U CUM u hills to the N. and S. The air is tem- perate ami wholtlomc, and here art c(f. Cui.r.MB Acn, H town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, c.ipiial of rhe mar- fravatc of the ('w. name, with a citadel, t is feated on the Maine, z^ miles N. E. of Bamber^;, Lon. ti. 33. E. iat. 50. li.N. CvLi\c.\Sf .1 town cf N. Ameriw, in Mexico, capital of .1 province of the fame name. It is oppofite the S. end of Cali» fornia. Lnn. loS. 5. W. lat. 24. o. N. Cui.i.kmiu'Ik;, or Cum-knuurg, a town of Dutch Guclderland, on the river Lech, 12 miles S. E. of Utrecht. Lon. 5. II. E. lat. 51. i;S, N. Cui.LF.N, a royal boroiii^h of Scotland, on the coaft of UanfTshire, 40 miles N. \V. of Aberdeen. Near it ar« Teen three lofty fpiring rocks, formed of flinty maf- fes, called the Three Kint;s of Cullcn. Lon. 2. 10, VV. lat. j''. 40. N. Cui.i.uMrTON. See Com.i.'mptov. CuM.oDEN MuiR, a wide heath, in Scotland, three mill s p;. of Invcrnefs, near which the duke of Cumberland gained a decilivc victory over the rebels, in 1746. Cu I.M, a town of vVcftern Prulfia, with a bilhop's fee, feated near the Viftula, 63 miles l>, of Dantzic. Lori. iS. 30. E. lat. 53. 24. N. Cui.MORF., a town of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, feated on the coaft of Loughfoyle, five miles N. of Londonderry. Lon. 7. 3. VV. lat. 55. 8. N. CuLMSF.E, a town of- Poland, five miles jfrom Culm, whofe bilhop generally relides here. CuLROgS", a royal borough of Scotland, on the frith of Forth, in a traft of coun- try between Claekmannanfliire and Kin- rofsdiirc, which is recKWItd an appendage of the county of Perth. It is remarkable for an ancient palace or dbbey, faid to have been built by Malcolm Canmorn. Lon. 3. 34. W. lat. 56. 4. N. Cum AN A, a town of S. America, in Terra Kirma, capital of a province of the fame name. Lon. 63. 35. W. lat. y. 46. N. CuMBEiiLAND, a county of England, bounded 011 the N. by Scotland ; on the E. by Northumberland, Durham, and Weftmorland ; on the S. by Lancafhire ; and on the W. by the lufli Sea and Sol- way Frith. It is 70 mlip|fcQ length from S. W. to N. E. and sd'^^lo^rcadth from E. to W. where it is broa^jjeft. It con- tains one city, 14 market-towns, and 90 parilhes. It lies in the diocei'es of Chefter and Carliflc, and fends iix members to parliament ; two for the county, and two each for Cnrlifle, and Cockermouth. The air IS cold and piercing, yet lefs than iriigiil be expe^ttil from its being fituated fo far north. The mountains feed large rtocki of ilieep, whole flefli is plirticularly fweet and gum!, and the vallics produce corn, &c. There are mines of coal, lead, copper, lapis calarainaris, and black lead ; the ktttf uf which 15 aimoft peculiar to this t U M of .1 province of the fame )poriti; tilt S. end of Cnli* qS. 5. W. lit. 24. o. N. R(i, or CULLKNllURG, a Cjiicldcrhnd, on the river S. E. of Utrecht. Lon. . ^H. N. royal borouijh of Scotland, f BanfFshirt, 40 miles N. n. Near it artt fccn three oeks, formed of flinty rnaf- Tliree Kin>;s of Culltn. I:it. 57. 40. N. us. See COI.I.I.'MHTON'. Mlir, a wide heath, in milts K. of Invernefs, near of Cumberland gained u y over the rebels, in 1746. wn nf vVcftern Prulfia, witFi feated near the Viftula, 6d ntzic, Lori, iS, 30. E. lat. , a town of Ireland, in the ondonderry, feated on the ghfoyle, five miles N. of Lon. 7. 3. VV. lat. 55. a town of- Poland, five ulm, whole bilhop generally a royal borough of Scotland, i( Forth, in a tra£t of coun- Clackmannanfiiire and Kin- ich is reclc?Blfed an appendage y of Perth. It is remarkable nt palace or dbbey, faid to juilt by Malcolm Canmorn. VV. lat. 56. 4. N. , a town of S, America, in I, capital of a province of thi.- Lon. 63. 35. W. lat. y, LAND, a county of England, the N. by Scotland } on the thumbcrland, Durham, and ' ; on tlic S. by Lancafhire ; v.. by the Isiih Sea and Sol- It is ro mWPJftJength from . E. and 5<^B^rcadth from here it is broal|eft. It con- y, 14 market-towns, and 90 lies in tliediocol'es of Chefttr , and fends fix members to two fur the county, and two iflc, aiul Cockermouth. The and piercing, yet lefs than |ie<'tril from its being fituattd t The mountains feed large ;n, whofe flefh is piirticularly ;ii(>i!, and the vallies produce riitre arc mines of cnal, lead, . cnlaminaris, and black lead ; which IS alinoft peculiar to thii CUR this county, which contains more than is fnfficicnt to fupplv .ill Europe. Here arelikewife wild fowl, falmnn, penrls, Slc. The laft are found in mufcles, at tiic mouih of a hniok called the irt, which eifcharges itfelf into the fea a little to the N. of Ravenglafs. The Skiddaw is the principal mnuntain ; and the chief rivers are the Eden and the Derwciit. This county, and the adjoining cne of Weft- morland, are leiebrated for their lakes, and the beautiful rnmaniic (cencry which their banks and the adjacent country ex- hibit. Thcfe majellic and diverfified ap- pearances of nature were (irft recommend- ed to public notice by the late Dr. Hrown, and have fince bei-n repeatedly defcribed by the pen and pencil. The lakes in Cumberland are Derwent-water, Baflen- rhwaitc-water, Buttermcre-watei, Cro- mack -water, Lowes- water, UlU- water, Weft-water, Rnnerdjle-water, Elder-wa- rcr, Broad-water, Sec. In vifuing the lakes of both counties, if the lonr/Jl's time be (hort, he may leave the S. W. which is not equal to the other, either in gran- deur or beauty : his route will then be from Lancafter to Burton, Kendal, Bow- nefs, Amblefide, Kefwick, Ulls-water, Penrith, Sliap, and Kendal. Wlun at Kefwick, if he has time, he will hnd much pleafure injrf^ng Duttermcre and Crtrnack-water, afflBlHi riding down the fide of Balicnthwaite-water. * CuMBRAY, Grkater and Les- ser, two little iflands in the frith of Clyde, to the E. of the ido of Bute. The former is remarkal)le for its excellent free- Aone quarries, and the ruins of an ancient cathedral deilicatcd to St. Coiumba. Upon the latter is a hghthoufc. CuNNis'r:nAM, the moft northerly di- vifion of Ayrlhire in Scotland. The N. W. angle of this dillriv^, though moun- tainous, affords rich pafturage. * Cupar, a royal borough of Scot- Imd, in Fifefliire, and the counfy-town, a miles N. b]^B>o^ Falkland, in a rich valley, on theW. fide of the river Eden. CuRArAO, Her/egovina. The air is wholcli,me, and it abounds in wine, corn, and oil, DaltoN, a town in Lancaffiirc, with a iiiErket on Saturday. It is feated on the fpringhead of a river in a champaign cmintrv, not far from t.ic fea ; and the ancient caftle is made ufc of to keep the records and prifoncrs fir debt in the li- berty pf Furntls, It is 16 miles N. W. of F^ancafter, and 273 N. N. \V. of Lon- don. Lon. 3. 18, W. lat. ?4. lA. N. Dam, a town of the United Puovinccs, in Groningen, feated on the river Dam- fter, three miles from the fea, and 15 S. W. of Enibdtn. Lon. 6. 4S. E. lat. 53. 22. N. Dam, a town of Germany, in Poinc- rania, fubjcrt to Prullia ; feated on the river 0';o('ilic 17th ctntiiry, and 'ii's Jllnnd'i, but very im- iibed liy him. Lon. 169. '. ir. S. (., a town of Germany, in . 'wcr Saxnriy, capital of a !.iini; name. It i)elon}:s to 1 1. mover, and is ftatcd on e, tuar tlit Kibe ; 40 i.iilcs nenhurt;. Lon. 1 1, 29. E. one of the brceft and of Kiirope, capital i,f Ilia ; wi;h a famous harbour, and a univcrfity. It is cn- a wall and fortifications of Tlic houlus are well-built lick, fi\ or (even (lories high ; nits, containing va(t quanti- ?d naval llorcs, are ftill hij^h- the iliips lie clofe, and take 2;. The arltnal i:> welJ-pro- iie excliixjff is a handlomc It is reckoned to coniain bitants, th'Ugh tiierc died of i70(), above ^o,coo perfons, s provided with very learned t carries, cin a great trade, n corn, timber, and naval crtablillied nliio'in is the ut there are P,']"iifts, Calvi- abaotill'., who are all tole- nai'irtrates con fi ft of 30 fen a- viit.ni arc burgomallirs : be- .rc are 43 ci'iifuls, who elert i.rs out lif their own hodv, vife appoint ali other officers : are- ele.'.ied to reprelicnt the ances, to (kferd their privi- inlpei'i the adiliinpitration of ■nt. It'cy coined money, g of Poland's iiead on one ity anil'- on rhc other. The this town cxteaHs ab( ut 50 ; and they maintain a gar- ' )wn t.xpencc. It was lately ic town, under the piotec ; but, in 1793, it fubniitted to D A R -^ to the kinf; of Prudia, who forcibly uiurp. lit the fovertiv;ntv. in a fccond p.irtiiion of tile I'ohlli iloniinions. It is fe iled on tl'.c \\elUrn banks of the river V'llhda, rear the jMdf of Am.i!, in tiie Unhic; 10 rules S. K. of Marienbur;^, and ifto N. W. by N. of VVuifaw. Lun. li. jS. E. hit. ■;+. ii. N. 1)ani,iik, the larpcft river in F.iirnpr, rifiiigat I)oiiel'eiiini;cn, in the IJlack Fortll, in the circle of Suabia, in Gcrmanv ; and riuiMini( N. K. throuj^h Su.ibia, by Ulni, the capital of that country; and then I'.. tliri'iiuh IJivina and Aullria, palles l)y Ratilbon, IVillau, Km, and Vienna. It then enters Hiiiu;ary, and runs S. E. from Pre(l)urg to Jludi, and I'o on toBwl- graiie ; after which it divides lUilijaria from Morlacliia and Moldavia, difciuui'jnff itl'elf ijy leveral cliannel:. into the IJlaek Sea, in the province of JJcflarabia. It was called the liter by the ancieiu?. It begins to be navigable for boats at Ulm, and receive;. fevernie rmiU \v»rci of ilii- Min:heftcr kirn! thref cliiirchen ; ami ii 30 milct S. S. ^V. arc M'> III.*'- lure j ami tl.w.c n a con- or Kxcur, ami io+ W. hy S. at Lomloii- |iilcr*l)l* trade in ilrelFiri;; IcmlKr A lit- L(M). J. 4s. W. lit. , <'t TMR Isi.r, Of Di f.R, one lit tilt- thrrr liii\ll iflanilt to tliv N. of the Ci|)': of tJiiiHl II [It i l<» calleel on nccnmu ot the griit nuniljcr of ilecr which were lirH carried thitlur in I'lTi. 'I'Kcrc are alio llitcp thi-ir, ^\ hole t.iiU \vti^;ll 19 pdUlKl?. Lon. 18, : li. lat. D\vi;nti«v, a town of T^'urthainpt n- fliire, with a market on Wt'dnt-rduy. lU-re the iliflcntcrs hml f>iM.i; a Hnuriltuni; aca- ciumy. It It loiiiik. \V. i<( N-.nhamp* iinilyrav.ilc of lI.ITi; Uuiiiliailt, tim, and 72 N. W. i.f Loiuiun. Loii. i. liindi.mc caiHu, wlicic its own 10. W.lat, fi. i<;. N. David's, Sr. •>» cpifcnpnj town of Pi.n)l)ri)I;eniire, with a nurktt on \S cd. MtCday ; I'e.ited in a barrtn liiil, on tlic the river lien, nit a rnile I'uni the fca. It wis ojcc a conhdcrablc place, and liad walls, .wlni:h are now dcmniidKd. The c ithedral !■. a prttiv gond ftfii(''tiir<'. Frotn the cipe, iK.ir tiiib place, it a prolpcft imo Iiilind. It is 14 miles N. W. of Piinbrukc, and 'if-, W. by N. of I.ondon. Lnn. e. I;. W. Lit. ci. 56. N. David's, St. a f> rt bclm^ing to the TJois water iiLuli'iie for urindin.; optical 'Bhl!".i, and for Ipinniii.:^ linen s '"■"> ''■^'' b«cn (.n i*lcd htit, the in> tntii.ii of a iiuiive or the town. Uirlington is p) n\\U\ S. of Durh..in, and 159 N. by VV. of London. L'-n. I. Ji. W. lit. 54- 3»' N- DAiti.^sroN, ^;^vill..t;e mar Stine, in Sraifotdiiiire, where art tla- ruiiMi.s of an aiKiciit callli on a hill. Jt wa» iicru that VVulpere nnirdcrtd bis two fon-;. DAiiMsrADi, a town i)f Otrni.invi in the circle of tlic Upper Rhind rapital of t\tc with a prince i;enerally relidcs. It has llveral lunJIome IvnilU iuid Uiburbj and a good coHei;<-'- It is leircd on a nver of the fame name, 50 iiuin N. W. "i Heidtlbug. Lon. «. ,^0. li. la'. 4). 4?- N. Dart, a river in Devonfhire, which ril'eii at the foot of D.irtmoor Hilh, and after pairing Totnefs, where it isn.nij^a- ble fur fiuall vctTtls, is joined bv the Ilarcborn, and, fevcn miles farther, falls into the Tea at Dartni mth II i\ en. DAiiri'OHU, a town in ktnt, wiih .1 nnaiktt on Saturday. It is iVateil on the river Darent, mr far from its inlhix intu the Thames, Here are the rtiaains of a fine nimnery, founded by I'.dw.ud III. At the dillolution it was converted into a royal palace ; hut it was alieniated by James I. The rohi.Uion of Wat Tykr, in the rtijn of Richard II. bc_;,'an in this town, which is ("even miles W. of F.iu'Jiih F,. India C'"nipjny, on tbc cmft of c'oromandtl, wl'.ich was taken and de. ftroytd by the French in 175S, and has not yet been rebuilt. It is 80 miles S. of Fort St. George. Lon. 7v,. 45. E. lat. 1 1, ^o. N. Davis' Straiis, nn arm of the fea between Greenland and N. Amtric*, dil'covercd by cajitiin Davis in 15s,', when China. Dau.v, a town of German v, in the cleftorate ofTrcM', ftated on the river Lcztr, at the foi.t of a inonntain, on whicli a caftle is built that eomniunds it. It is 12 nnle:. N. of Montroyal. Dai.'1'1iin, Fort, a fort, built by the Cft^vcfend, and 16 R. by S. of London, he attempted to hnd a N. W. paflagc to Lon. o. 16. E. lat. 51. -It,. N._ * Dartmook, an exteni'ive mnorifh trac>, in Devonlhirc, bounded on the N. by bleak hills. This fort of country, clayey, wet and fteril, extends north- ward quite through the centre of the county, and on the Cornilh border to the fea. Many fheep are bred here, but of a French on the E. coall of Madagafcar. fmallkind, and fubjea to the rot. The Lon. 4;, 10. E. lat. 14. e.j. S. chief riches of the inhabitants are th(.ir DAUPiiivy, a late province of France, black cattle, which thrive well on the hounded on the W. by the Rhone, on coarfe four herbage ; and, after bcinj; fat- the N. by th.e Rhone .,iid Savoy, on the tened in better pafturcf, aredriven to th.e S. by Provence, and on the E. by the metropolis. Alp-. Ikncc the hcir-appircnt f)f the ' DART>!f)UTH, a feaport and borough late crown of France v.is called the Dau- pf Devonihire, with a market on Friday, pt^in ; a title which he derived from the it is leated on the declivity of a hill, by following circumllanre. In 1349, Hu- the river Dart, near its fall into the fea, bert IF. count of Dauphiny, being incon- aiid has a fnacious haven, capable of fol ible fgr the lol's of his only fon, whom iDieltcrinij a large number of fhips. It he had let fall from a windo.v of Iiis palicc has a confiderabic trade to the S. parts of at Grenoble into the litre, .-itcred into a Europe and to Newfoundland, as well as convent of Jacobins, ancf ceded Dauphiny a Ihare in the coalling traffic. It contaiins (which, moreover, he had with difficulty A •' ' ' defendeii A U i'kI ii JO milci S. S. W. |.o> W, hy S. uf' Loudon. lit. l ilic grnt niinUjtr of JTc iir» carried thulur in laii; all') llittp thcif. '\ hole J)(.iiiid«. Lon. is. : L, l..t. I, .1 ffivvn ■,( ?V(,rtli:iinnt n- |irk(.r I, a U'tdialiiay. Hero li'id (.i«.c H Hiiiirilhiiii' :iCH. I, . 11/ . .; Kf ..'■• \'<'. uf Luiidon. Lon, i, I-, N, of . II 111 a "ii tpirc'pil town til d nnrkLt on Wed. barren loil, on the n ^r n mile fVi in rlic fci. Loriildtraiilc plHcc, and liad rt now dtnioliOnd. The attv good ftriii'tiiri-. From this place, ii ;, ])ror|ici'-:t It i', .'4 inilrs N. U', of • r? - W. l)v N. ot' London. lat. i; I. ^6. N, >T. a f. It bcl in.^ing to the lia L''ini|)aiiy, on the coill I ul.ich was tiktn and dc, ■■ Frtnch in i'5S, and has l-'huilt. It i^ So miles S. of rgc, Lon. 7^. 43. £. l,,t, rRurs, nn arm of the Jreuiilaiid and N. Anitritii, :itaiii Daviiin i;S,-. when o hnd a N. W. paflagc to ;own of Germnnv, in tlie rcwi^, ftatcd on the rivtr 3ot of a mount.iin, on whicli t that ciminiands it. It is Vlontroyal. t^)if Amatlcui, duke of Savoy) to I'liiiii), a youi.gtr fon fif l'bili',1 of V'.iloi., fill lin.oo-i fiorini of old (tiich of tlie value of iv I0I1, or iid. . iiplid.) oil ihii. ci.iuliii" n, tit 11 the cldcrt fon of ihe king of Fr.inec ihould be fty cd the Uaupliln. Ciiailis V. funwined the Wife, (-riindfon of Philip of Viilr.i,, f.rft liore tliii title in M^c. Two lliiii'i of Daiiphinv arc inttrfi.^'ej by im'iintuini, wliieli a^foid pjOud p if'tuiH/,e, |i!cn'y if timber i tir-treej, i;i pirtieul.ir, f-r the Luildinn of Ihipa ; and very fcarcc fiinjjlti. in thtic mountains v. liieli urj b..imbe» cif the Alps, .ire bc;rs, chairioii (a kind of wild i^oit, wbofc fMii ii niuili valiKd) inarrnof, ca.i',les hav l^-, tVt. A number of childieii go fr^m town to town, and gain a livtliboid by iVi.d.ing the mainiot fiance. The valhc» atiord wiitat, and the lull., in the viciiii'v of the Rhone, extel- lent wines, clives imd I'lk' Mi"" of iron, copper, and lead, liave been worked here to j.'re nd.iy. It had ut t. m.e fri/m thf forel^ of IX?n, in wbirh it t« featid ; II rnilf. U'. -f Gtouieiier. ami 1 11 W, S. \V, of London. Lon. a ji. \V. lat. (I. (o. N. J5i,A.v, a forefl in Gloureftcrlhirc, lomprthending that part of the i.mn'y wlnii lie« between tlif Severn umI ij»e /liireJ of Monmourh and Ileieford. |e ronl.iins four llilirkei-towns' and 1? iii- tiil.es. It is fertile both in p.iftuu. and fiiUgc ; it bears vi y mic oaks ; and hi* riili niincj of itm .Tnd cal. It v4» once reckoned tlie clotf fuptiort of the Kn^lilh navy ; and the Sp.mifii armada, it is faid, was e'xpri'f ly tominilhoned to de- ftroy it. It is now thinned by frtfiuenc^r pf fellin.;, and liarr^ \\\ d by inercafe I'f cultivaiioii, though a few folitaiy deer ffill Continue to run wild in its reccflis. Both the forelt of Ue.in, and the vair of the fame n, me, a'.iound in orchards, wNirh arc fuppofti. to occupy tlie pliec of amlcnt \ineyaril>, ano \\hicii .nniiii.illy produc*' great plenty of ex. Ilent ciiler. ■• Df.U|.;'.v, a ri'er of SufT.lk, wliich rifts near Debi'iuin, and Hoas to M'ood- biidge Ancic It expands into a long n.ir- row arm of the lea, ,uid enters the C!rr- uian Ocean a litlle to the N. of Hai wich. Dkbfnham, a townot Surlolk, with a market on Kri.'m . It is IcatuI near the held of the iner Debeii, n rhe tide of a hill, 14 miles K. of St. Kilmiind's- burv. and 84 N. K. of London. Lon, f. 17. K. lat, (1. 22. N. DhBHECt.v, a to.en i f Upper Hungn. ry, capital of a diihirf of the fame name. It was takm by the '1 utks in 1684, and the Imperialids retook it the (ame year. It is 107 miles M. of IJuda. Lot:. 22. u, E. lat. 4-. 32. N. ■i DucAS, an cxtenfivc traft of country in Afia, which, arcording to the fignificatii n of its name, tiic Snr/if,, ha» been fuppol'ed to include the >.'.holc regit n S, of Hindooftan Proper. But, in iti more limited and arcurite fenl'e, it cm- tains only the countries fuuated bttwern Hii>dooflan Proper, the drnatic, the \\ eftern Sea, ..nd OrilTa ; namely, the pruvincea of Candeifli, Dowl .tabad, \'i- fiapour, Go'conda. and the W. part of Berar. It is bounded on the N. by the rive-Nerbudda, bv Bent{rtl, and by Baiiar- am" the river Kil'na f(Ti:>s its fcparafioa on the S. from the peninfiila of Hindoo- ftan. All this vaft country was otiee a province oi' the Alo^jui empire. Candeifli, Vjfw. D trE^ DEL ! Vlfiapour, ami a part of Dowlataba.1, arc fubjirt to the M.ihrattas; the remainder, to the Ni/am of the Dcccan. * Df.ccAN', the clcniiiiions of T>izam Ally, foubah nf the Deccan, comprifing Gjiicnnc^a.thc princiii;;! \wt oi Do\vlata'.>ad, and the vcftcrn pari of Hjrir ; the latter fubjei'.t to a tribute of a fourth part of its net revenue to the Ikr:!r Mahrattas. His territories are boiindrH on the N. W. by the Po<.?i:.li Maliraita , on the N. by the Bcrir Mahrattas, mi the E. by the Nortlierti Circars, and nn the S. by liic Camatic and My (ore. By the peace of tT<^i, he had a (liarc < f the country reded to the I''.n;;h(h 1'-. India company and their allies by Tippoo Sultan, inckiding Kopiil, Cuddapa, and Gangecolia. By the death of his brcth .r, in 17^0, be h( - came [XilkllVd of the diftrii't'! of Adoni snd Tachore, and of the Gnnto-r Cirrar. Hii dominions (wirl-eut inchiding the cef- fions (i Tippo" S'lUaii) are fiijipofed to be 4^0 miles long, from N. VV. 10 S. E. by 3C0 Tcidc. l!is capital is Ilydrahad. Di.ri'K, an ancient town of France, in tlie dcpartniciit of Nicvr; and hue pro- vince of Nivernois, feaicd in an illand r-.rrr^eJ by the Loiie, 16 miles S. K. uf Keven. Lnn. 4. 31. V.. lat. 4ft. i;o. N. l)i,k:;:ENiHiHF, a town of Germany, in Lower iiavaria, 37 miles S. K. ii( Ra- tifbf'n. It was taken by the Swtdes in 1641, and is feared neartlic Danube. l,on. IS. 55. E. lar. 4S. 42. N. DEDDINtvruN, a townof Pxfordfiiirc, with a market on Tiiefday. It is fearnl on a rifinj; gri'iind, th miles N. ot Oxford, ami 70 \V'.' N. W. (,f London. Ljn. i. 12. W. Int. rn. 2. N. •_ Deiuiam, a town of Elfex, witii a market on 'I'liefday. It lias an ancient larcc chnrrli, which has a fine Gothic ftecple. It IS fix miles N. of Coichefter, and 5S. N. K. of London. Lon. i. o. E. lar. ;2. i. N. Dk:-, a fine river in N. Wilc-; b.dd in great veneration by our Britiih an- ceflcrs, and the theme of r.iany a -poet fmcc. Some trace its head to the foot of the lofty inountain Ariin, which Spcn- fi-r, in his Fairy Queen, mal-.cs the re- fulence of tlie fage Tinion, foltcr-father to prince Artlmr. This is in the N. W. angle of Mr'vion;:thlhirc ; but others t.jcc it no farther than tn the lake of Bala, whence it tioivs throniji a fine \ale, in a N..E. direfiion toDi nbighlliirc, vifits the VV. border of Chediiic, to which it ftrvcs for fcine time as a iioundaiy ; then cri;fiing over to Clicder, it flows Uieiici' to the lea, makinij a hr-nd landv eftunry^ which feparates Che U. lie from I'iiiitiJiire. By embankments made here, much lani has been gained from the tide, and a nar. row, but deeper, channel, finer for navi- gation, has been formed 'in Chefter halfway to the fca. The Dee is navigable from near Ellelmcre, in Shroplhire, t,> Chefter ; but, at this city, tht continuity of the navigation is broken by a kdce of rocks, running acrofs ihe bed of the Mver, and caufing a fort of csfcade, Df.k, a river of Scotland, which rifcs in Aberdeenfliire, amid the mountains of Mar Foreft, and flows throvigh a wild cc intty for feveral miles, till it reaches the fertile vale of Hrae-rnar, whence it proceeds in an caftcrly direflion to Aber- deen, below which it falls into the Britifli Ocean. ■■ Df.e, a river of Scotland, which rifts in the N. W. part of Kirkcudbrightfliire, and joining the river Ken, below New Galloway, falL into the Irifli Sea at Kirk- cudbright. DitriNn, a town of Lincolnfliire, with a market on Thurfday. It is feattd on the river Welland, in a fenny ground, fix miles E. of Stamford, and 90 N. of London. Lon. o. zi. W. lat. t,z. 42. N. DiKRiu'KST, a village, three miles S. of Tewkeibury. in Gloucefterfiiire, Aib- jctt, by its low fitiiation, lo frequent in- undations from the Severn. In 1 7-0, the flood rofe to tlie top of the firft floors, and continued fo for many days. Here was a palace built, and afteru ard converted to a nionafti.ry in 71;, which the Danes de- ftroyed ; but it was re'ouilt and made an alien priory, under the patronage of the ab!)ot of Tevvkcfbiiry, Its being rebuilt in the reign of Edward the Confeffor, ai^d its coniecratiou by the then bilhop of' Wurcefter, is denoted by a Latin infcrip- tion on r. ftonc, wl ■, in 1675, was dug up in an orchard. DEi.vsE.a town of Auftrian Flanders fcated on the Lis, eight miles S. W. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 30. E. lat. to, Hg. N. DiCLAWAKK, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the N. by Pennfylvaria, on the E. by Delawaie river and bay, and on the S. and W. lir Maryland. It contains about 14000 f(ju;'.re miles, being go miles long and 16 br;>ail. in many parts it U unliealthv, beinsr leat^d in a peiiini'ula, where tl'.c land is c,enfcra!ly low ana fiat, which occafions the water; to ftsgintc, and fubjefts the inhabitivnrs to interniittents. It is divided into the thne • counties of Ncwcafile, Kent, and Siif!"e<. In 17S7, the inuabitants were computed at 37,000. ' Dklavvaue, .1 fine river of N. Apicrica, whic.i rifing in the ftate of DEL DEL D E L |nts made here, much hni d from the tide, and a n,ir. Icr, channel, fitter for navi- |een formtd 'in CheOcr (ea. The Dec is navij^able lilmcre, in Shrop(|,ir'e, to at this city, the continuity lion is broken by a L-dirc rif 1 acrofs the bed of the uvcr, Ifort of cafcadc. |iyer of Scotland, which rifcs >ire, amid the mountains nf land flows tlironah a wild Ifevcral miles, till'lt readies |ile of Hrae-mnr, whence it caftcrly dirtflion to Aber- .vhich it falls into the Britilh ivtr of Scotland, which rifts part of Kirkcudbri^'htfliire, he river Ken, btlciw New ■ into the Irifli Sea at Kirk- a town of Lincoln/hire, ■t on Tluirfday. It is feattd W'tlland, in a fenny ground. of Stamford, and 90 N. of in. o. 21. W. lat. ^z. 42. N, iST, a village, three miles S. iry, in Glouccfteriliire, Aib- o\v fituation, 10 frequent in- m the Severn. In 1 7-0, the Irhe top of the firft floors, and for many days. Here was a and afterward converted to a 71 >, which the Danes dc- it was rci)uilt and made an under the patronage of t)ie vkefliury, Jts being rebuilt )f Edward the ConfenTor, v^d ion by the then bifhop of denoted by a Latin infcrip- nc, wl •, in 167;, was dug lard. town of Auflrian F.'andcrt, : Lis, eight miles S. W. of 1. 3. 30. E. lat. CO. ?q. \. <.K, one of the United States 'ca, bounded on the N. by ■ on the E. by Delaware *-, and on the S. and W. hj contains about 14000 f(ju?.re )o miles long and 16 br;)ad. it is iinhealthv, bcinsr I'catfd , where tb.c l.md is rcnerally which occalions the water.i id fubjefts the inhabitants to It is divided into the three :wcanie, Kent, and Su(rtx. iniiabitants were computed M(E, .1 fine river nf N. ica rifing in the ftate of New York, in the Lake Uflavantho, tikes a S. VV. courfc till it erotics into Pcnnfylvania in ht. 41". Tlicncc pro- ceeding S. it divides New York froin Pennlyi/ania, till it ftiikcs the N. W. corner of New Jerfey, in l.ir, 41". ii. and it then paffes ctt' to the Atlantic Ocean, thnjugh Delaware bay, having New Jerfey on the K. lidc, .ir.d Pennfyl- vaiiia and the ftate of Delaware on the \V. From the mouth, of this bay, at C:'pe Hetilupen, to I'hiladelpliia, it is iiS miles, with a I'ufficient depth of water, all the way, for a 74 gun Ihip. * Delaware, a bay of N. America, which is &o milts lonj:, from Cape Henlopen to the entrance of the river Delaware at Bombay-hook. It is fo wide, in fiime parts, that a fhip, in the middle of it, can- not be fcen from the land. It opens into the Atlantic N. W. and S. E. between Cape Henlopen on ilic right, and Cape May on the left. Thefe capes a^-c iS miles apart. DEi.f' r, a large town of the United Provinces, in the province of Holland. It is clean and well-built, with canals in the llreets, planted on each fule with trees. Here are two churches, in one ol which is the tombof William I. prince of Orange, who was airaflinated, and in the other that of admiral Van Tromp. It has a fine arfenal, is about two miles in circum- ference, and is defended agrAinll inunda- tions by three dikes. Here a prodigious quantity of fine earth'.n ware is made, known by t'.s name of Delft ware. It is fcatcd on the river Schie, eight miles N. W. of Rotterdam, anil 30 S. W. of Am- fterdam. Lon. 4. 24. E. lit. !;2. 4. N. Dklkzy, a fortrefs of the United Pro- vinces, in Groningcn, fcattd on the river Fivel, 13 miles N. E. of Groniiiijen. ''' Delichi, a river of Albania, a province of Turkey in Europe. It was the Acheton of the ancient poets, who feigned it to be in hell. *■ Delhi, a province of Hindooftan Proper, bounded on the N. W . by La- hore, on the N. E. by Scrinagur, on the E. by the Rohilla country, on the S. bv Agra, and on the W. by Moultan. This province is in the moft wretched ftate that can be conceived. Having been the feat of continual wars for 50 years, the country is almoft depopulated ; the lands, in courfe, lying wafte ; the wretched inha- bitants not daring to provide more than the bare means of I'ubliftencc, left thcv Ihould attratt the (i'*ice of thole whole trade is pillage. Nothing," fays major Rennell, " but the natural fertility of the Ibil, and the milduelii ot tlic ciiu^atc, could h.ive kept tip any degree of popu'.ition, and rendered the loveici^nty nf ir, at this day, worth conteiulmg for ; I'o ihit a traft of country that p )liciil'i every a.lvintage that can be derived f 11 nature, contains the moft iniferabK ; inhabit mts ; fo dearly do mankind ,) y for the ambition of their Uipcriors, who, miicilcuhtuig their powers, think thcv can "overn as much as thev can conijucr." Tliis province is now all that remains to the Great Moijul of hit once cxteiilive empire. ' Di Lui, tiie capital or :i province nf the fame name, in Hiiidooltun Proper, Icated on the W. bank of the river Jumna. it is the nominal capital, at prelcnt, of all Hiiiciooftan, and was the ao.tual caoitul during the grtatcft part of the lime nncc the Mahometan eomiuell. Jt was faij to contain, during the latter part of the h'i. century, 2,000,000 of inhabitants. IJut Bernitr, an author of great veracitv, who wrote in i66-t. when tiie grandeur of the empire and its capital was at its height, does not juftify lo high a calculation ; for he eftiniatcs the circumference of Delhi at three leagues only, reckoning what was wittun the fortitications ; beiidc wliicli, he defcribes feveral fuburbs, but altOHcther, no extraordinary extent for a capital citr of India ; and he defciibe» Agra to be confiderably lar;jcr. In 173b, wiitii Nadir Shah invaded Hindooftan, he entered Del- hi, and dreadful were the tumults, ma'.- facres, and famine that followed: joo.ooo of the inhabitants pi.ii/lied by the iWord ; and plunder, to the amount of 6z,ooo,oool. fteriing was faid to be collcdted. The fame dreailful calamities they tndiuid on the lubfetjutnt invafions of Ai)- dalla, king of Candahar. Since the de- cline and downfall of the Mogul empire, we may txpcdt, therefore, to find the prefent population to be very low. Delhi IS SSo miles N. E. by N. of lion.bav. Lon. 77. 40. E. lat. iH, 37. N. Dklmeniious r, a ftrong town of Ger- many, in the circle of Weftplialia, ;:nd county of Oldenburg, belonging to Den- mark i feated on the Delm, near the W'e- fer, tight miles S. VV. of Bremen. Delos, ,'ui ifli.nd of the Arehipclairo, now called Dili. There are abund.rnce of fine ruitis, fuppol'ed to be of the tem- ples f>f Diana, and Apollu, whoie birth- place .t is laid to be. It is lix mijes ui circumference, but it is now quite dclliiute of inhabitants. Lon. 15. 59. E. lat, 37. 3c. N. Dl:i. I'HO',, a town of 'I urkev in Af;,i. in ihe province formerly called Acbaia, now Livadia, It wi.: ''"amou* for tlio oracle of A polk), wrath they came fioni all paru to confult, pLLS- ^ D E N , Dkt «rERG, a tovn cf SwifTcrlantl, in the bilhopvic of Halle, lo milts N. W. ef Soleure. Lon. 7. J 3. E. \:\r. 47. i7- N- Delta, aiwrt < f Ivnver Ei^ypr, winch takes up a coniulcrablc fpace of proun.l bi-wccn the branclu^ rt the Nile and the Mc.'-rcrrancin. The ancients calicfl it tic ille "i Dflta, Viecaufc if is in the (liape ct' .1 triangle, like the Greek kttrr of tlvu r^'tiic. It is iibout 150 nulcs along the coalt from Da.nictta to Alexandria, and -o on the fides, from the place where the islile begins to divide itl'i If. It is tliemnft plentiful country of all F.t;vpt, and it rams more here than in other pirts ; but the fcrt.hty is chiefly owing to the inundati- ons of the Mile. DkMFK \UY.a Dutch fet'lfment in the DEN Bani^or, and feiuls two menil)ers to par- lianient, one for the county, and one tor the borough of Dcnbiirh. The T'-il is va- rious ; tiie vale of Clwyd bcini^ extreme- ly fertile, which is not the caf^ with the ]■',. part of the countv ; and the W. is, in a manner, barren. The inhabitant', gene- rally live to a irreat aire ; and thofc who dwell in the vale of Ciwyd are remark- able for rctainini; great 'vivacity to the lonj-'clt period of life. The principal ri- vers arc rl e Ciwvd, EKvy, D'.e, and Con- way. Tlie pro'diiC'Vs ot this county are rhiellv corn, cheefe, cattle, lead, and coal. SeeCi.WYi). DisntuMOVD, a town of A\i(lrian Flanders, with a rtrong citadel. It was taken Iw the Allies in ivCi ; and by the province of Surinan., ab -.it rhri.e Icsguos to the W. of tnc uiv or" that name. It was taken from the Dutch, bv the Eng- lilh, in the laft war ; but the French dil- poflcffLd thein of it Toon a:"rer, and by the treaty of peace in it'^J. i'« Dutch re- jrained poficliion of it. DKMMiN.an ancient town of Germa- ry, in the duchv ( f Stetin, fubieft to Swe- 'dei'i, and feared on the river Teen. Lon. ,3. iz. E. lat. C3. 52. N. Pi MONA, a fort of PnHlmont, on the river Sturc, 10 miles S. W, of Coni. Lon. ,. .S. F. lat. 44- i!^- N. DvNAis, a village of the Netherlands, in ll.inault, feattd on the river Scheld, Tcm^^rkablc for an abbey of canonches, and for 3 viftorv eaincd over pnnce Eu- gene, by marlharVillars, in 17 >i. DKKBif;;!-'^lif county town of Denbign- Cv.re, hrHy Huiated on a rocky declivity above the \a!f of Clwyd, on a branch o' the river of tiiat name, its ruined caftle. with us vaft inclofurc crowning the top of the hill, f.'tms a ikiking objeft. Den- Liirh has a conf.derable manufafture of frbves and (lioes, which are fent to Lon- don for exportation. It has a market on Wedn-fdav, (etids one member to parlia- B^ent. and IS 27 miles W. of Chefter, and ao8 N. W. of London. Lon. 3, 35. W. lat. i;?. n- N- ,- ^, Desuighshire, a county of N. Wales, bounded on the N. by the Irilh Sea and a part of Fiintfhirc ; on the E. b; Flintlliire and Shroplhirc ; on the S by Mcrionethfhire and Montgomcryn»i, ; and on the W. by Carnarvonflure, from which it is fcparatcd by the river Conway. It extends from N. W. to S. E. 48 milesj and from N. to S. in its broadeft pirt itis ao miles ; but, in general, it is much lefs. It is divided into \i hundreds, w'.uch con- tain four markct-towns, and 5' pariihes. It U« in the dioccfes of St. Alaph and French' in 174;- It « uirroundedby marlhes and fine meadows, which the tn- habitants can lav under water. It is featid .-.t thecontlLienc • >f the Dcnder and SchclJ, 16 miles W. of McchlLn. Lon. +. 10. 1:. lat. «i. 3.N. r c • • Dknia, an ancient town of Spam, la Valencia, with a commodious harbour. It is feated at the fout of a mountiin, 51 miles K. of Alicant. Lon. o. 36. E. lat. 38. J4. N. Dknmark, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the E. by the Baltic Sea, on the W. and N. by the ocean, and on the S. by Germany. The country is gene- rally flat, and the foil a barren land. The air is rendered foggy by the neighbour- hood of the feas and lak'es, of which it is full. Denmark, properly fo called, c.un- fifts of lutland and the iflands of Zealand and Funcn, with the little illes about them ; but the king of Denmark's dominions con- tain the kingdom of Norway, and the duchies of Hoifttin, Oldenburg, and Dcl- menhorft. There is no confidcrable nyer, and the winter continues feven or eight months. In the fummer the heat is very great, and the days are long. The com- modities are corn, pull'c, horfes, and large beeves. The kingdom of Denm irk was formerly limited and ekaive ; but, in 1 660, it was made abfolute and hereditary. This was the confequcnce of a revolutioa almoft unparalleled in hillory ; a free pro- pie vokmtarilv refigning their . liberties into the hands of their fovereign. The inhabitants are Troteftants fince the year 1 -,21, when they embraced the confcllion of Aug (burg. The forces which the king of Denmark has ufually on foot ara near 40,000. The revenues are compa- red at 500,0001. a year, which ariie from the crown lands and duties. The produce oif Norway confills in pitch, tar, fi(h, oil, and deal boards. Copenhagen is the capital. Den vs. P E N / lis two members to par- the cniuity, and one for >enl)it;li. The fVil is va- Jof Clwyd bcinj^ extreme- V is not the caC^ with the )unt\' ; and the W. is, in a The inhal)itant<. gene- Tcat a;:e : and thofc who ic ot" CKvyJ are reinark- \':\{^ great 'vivacity to the if life. The prir.cipal ri- [vyd, Elwy, Dte, ;ind Con- rndiiiils of this county are |eefe, cattle, lead, and coal. vn, a town of Audrian ! Irri'njr citadel. It was licii in 170') ; and by the V It is iLirroundtd by ie meadows, which the in-. iiy under water. It is ntku.nc' ;" the Dender and :s \V. of Mechlin. Lon. 4, anclL'nr town of Spain, in h a commndious liarliour. the fout of a mountain, 51 icant. Lon. o. 36. E. lat. a kingdom of Europe, le R. by the Baltic Sea, on ^'. by the ocean, and on the nv. The coimtry is gene- rhe foil a barren fand. The d foggy by the neighbour- eas and lakes, of which it is k, properly fo called, cun- :! and the iflands of Zealand ith the little idesaboiit them ; " Denmark's dominions con- ]:dom of Norway, and the Iftein, Oldeaburg, and Dcl- herc is no coniiderable river, -T continues feven or eight the fiunmer the heat is very days are long. Tite com- nrn, puife, horfes, and large kingdom of Denmark was ted and cleftive ; but, in lade abfokitc and hereditary, confequcnce of a revolution leled in hillory ; a free pro- y refigning their , liberties s of their fovcreign. The i Proteftants fince the year ley embraced the confeifion The forces which the lark has ufually on foot ara Tht revenues are compu- '1. a year, which arife from Is and duties. The produce rilith in pitch, tar, filh, oil, s. Copenhagen i« the capital. PtNYS D E R"^"^ DF.KY3, S r. a famous town of Frn ice, in the department of I'aris. H re king Da^^)btrt built a magnificent church i^ (132, in which were the f inbs of nriny of the Trench kin:>, of the l iiftable Citicf- clin, and of marflial Tiirenne. In the tresfurv, anong other curiofitic";, v. ere the fwords of St. l-evvis aiil the Ma^i of Or- leans, and the fetptre of Chirlemagne. The abbey of the l.;te Bcneai.'tines, a magniticcnt piece of ni.idern arehircMure, has mure the nppear.niee of a pahice than a convent. St. Deuys is I'ea'.ed on the river Croi:ld, ne:'.r tiie Seine, five miles N. of Paris. It ii. now called Fr.vnciadk. Lon. 2. :f'. I'-, laf. 4S. 5(1. N Uti' ii-OH 1), a to vii of Kent, confider- al)le for its fine d^icks, and for the king's, vard and linij'ioufes. It w.ss anciently called Weft (Greenwich, and ib divided into I'pper and Lower Dtpiford. It hns two parilh churches ar.d two hnl'pirak ; one of wtiich was inrf>r()(;rattd by Heiir^ \'11I. and is called Trinitv Houl'e of Dtptford Strond. The brethren of the Trinity lliHife hold their corporation by this hofpi- ti.l, and are obliged, at certain times, to meet here for buhnefs. It contains 21 houl'es : a more mod-rn ftruffure, and a liner one, called Trinity Ilol'pital, contains 38. Both thefe are for decayed pilots, or maftcrbof (liip>, or their wid;nvs, who have a ban Ifomc monthlv allowance. Deptford is four miles F,. of London. Lon. c. 4. E. lat, 51. ?o. N. Derdknt, a fc;iport and fortrefs of Perfia, in the province of Schirvnn, on the W. coftft of tlie C^l'pi.in Sea. It is f,:id to have been built by Alexander the Cjrtat, and is furroundcd by, high brick w.dls. The inhabitants arc chietly Pcrluns, Tartars, and a few Armenians. Its port is the worft on the Cafpian Sea, on which account it is little frequented. It ii featcd at the foot of Mount Caucafus, Lon. 5c. o. E. lat. 4z. S. N. Dkkey, the cnunty-town of Deibv- jliire, with two m.irkets, on W ediicf- d'v arid Friday. It is feared on the „trut'»c, over which is ahandfome ftone bridge, and afmaii crook runs througli the town, under fr;vtral ftone bridges. It is a large, populous, well-built and well-in- habited town, containing live clu-irci;cs, of which All Saints is tiie chief, wliofe tower is as high as mnft in the kingdom. The ihirehall is a Hone building. In I7j4, a rvyichinc was erti^ed here by fir Thomas Lombe. for the manufa^> ring of filk, the model of which he brought from Italy. It was the firft of its kind eroded in England ; and its opcrati'-ns are to ^vind, duuble, aad twiH the [ilk, fo as to D E R J ill .4-iJ l ^| ii i n ^ . i n render it fit for weavir.g-. It has em- ployed nuiiy han!; I),.KP,a town of Livoma, wnha m- Ihop's fee. and a vimverfnv. I^ 1>«"^7 the river Ambcc, S0^,>^'« ^ ,1 m ^ DiRWENT,^ a river of Demydnre, vhi.h,rirni- in the hit;!. Peak, flow-'.'.- Tedtlythrou'iih the nVuldlc of the county, divuliim^ it Tnto two near V equal pa s ; and after pailing Derhy, it .^optics itie.t into the Tilnt, on the borders u.Lcicellcr- ^'mRWENT, a river of Yorkn.ire, ^vh,ch riles in the N. riding, and runnn.g S. fall, into the Oufc, below \ ork. 'i: Dr.RvvKN r, a nvcr of the co intv of Durham. Nvhich rifme near the wild bor- icrlof Norlhomberland, makes the boim- d-irv of the two counties for iomc Ipace ; h n croUins; a corner of Durham, it flov.s , t'^a LutifuUy .vomantx tra^ to tl e Tyne, which it joins a httle above Scwcnlue. On its banks, near ns termi- nation, arc fomc capital ^''"Yn tr^..,} * DRuwi.NT, a river oi Cumben;.nd, which riles in Borrowdale, and ttowm.^', firft through the lake to whi.h it gives mmJ;and%hen through Bairenthwa.te- "vTer, turns to Cockermouth, and enters the Irifli Sea near Workington. DEKwrNT-WATtii. a lake of Cm- be and, in the vale of K^''-^ • ^ .V,. ■^. three miles in kn;;th, and •' "'"^,«";\'" ' xvide. Five lllands ntc out of this Ukc, which beim,^ covered, either w„h turf or rees.addgr.atlvto.hebeauivottheap- nlrancc. On on. of thcle lOands is an e^ltMntmodern-btiikhouCe. From this, laU.the river Derwent flows toBaffcn- ''l)r^r?;:;;neoftheCarlbbeeinands :„ 'he VV. Indies. It is .0 ■nile^ lo".f. Z Zc broad, and belongs to the French. Tirgeiurall the tuft land that IS made rnlaiirtigtotheW.Ind.es. Lon. 6,. 20. VpteluT- CAPH D.s,af. the Jwn Pt of ihcliraitstf Magellan iu S. Amcrica^w the entrance of the D E V South Sea. Lon. 74. 'S. W. lat. sj. 4. S. DcbSAW, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and pro- vince of Anhalt. Ir belong«i to its own prince, and is feated on the Elbe, 37 miies N. of Ltipfick. Lon. 12. zi. E. lat. 51. ^3-N. ' DiTHMOi.n, a town of Germany, m the circle of Wtftphalia, fcatcd on the river Wehera, 15 miles N. ot radi;rburii. Lon. S. svE. la- 5^-°-"N/,, . '• Dftroit, ■> town of N. America, niuated on the W. fide of the It rait, or river, that fov;ns the communic.ition be- tween lake St. Clair and lake Erie. Lon. S3. I. W. lat. 41.11. N. Df.tti.s'cf.n, a vilbiie of Germany, m the circle of the Upper Rhine, and terri- tory of Hanau. Here George IL gamed a virtory over the French in 1743- "is 4 miles E. of Hanau, and 4 W. ol AUhaf- fcuhtug Lon. 0. 5. E. lat. 49. 5-N- Dkva, a fcaport of Spain, on lUe hay of liilcav, and in the province of Guipul- cna, I ; miles S. E. of Bilboa. Lon. 2.40. W. lat. 43- -4- N. ,„,...., Divi.i.TO, a town of Dulgaria, in tu- rnpean Turkey, with a Greek archbilhop's fee. It IS feated on the nvcr Pani'M, 6; miles N. E. of Adrianople. Lon. 37. 33- E. Idt. 42. 33.N. DEVtN'ihK, a large, trading, and po- pulom town of the United Provinces, m Overvlfel, with a univerlity. It is lur- rounded by Itruiig walls, and ditciies hill ot water. It is feated on the nvcr Iflcl, to iniks E. of Amftcrdam. Lon. 5. 56. E. lat. 52. I S.N. DF.vi/,r.s, a large and populous bo- roujjli of Wilis, feated on an eminence. It has a manufafturc of ferges and other woollen ftuffs, and is 24 miles N. W. of Salilbury. and S9 W. of London. LoD. 2. 2. W'. lat, 31. 10, N. , , , . , ■ Dfvo.v, a river of Scotland, whicll rlfes on' the S. fide of the OchiU (or Oak Hill ) in Ptrthliiire. it l.mietunts ruihes precipitately dowr the broken declivities of the mount ,ms, and, at others, glides gently in the bottoms between them. At- fer an uncommonly meandering courfc, it pmTes through the bcantiful vale of Glen- devon. Here is a " Rumbling Bridge, firailar to th»r over the Braan. It conhfts of one areli, thrown over a horrible chaim, wurn by the river, about 80 feet deep, and ve-v narrow. The bottom is ftrcwed with fr.,ment. of rocks, where the water is leen uulbing between them. 1" many places, the fides projsft, and almoft luck, into each other. A few (hrubs and pen- duljui trues Ihoot out, here and tliere, 2 irom E V ^""^ [on. 74. iS. W. lat. ?j. irone; town of Germany, I'ppcr Saxony, and pr<,. Jr bcloni^s to its own |itL town of N. Aintrica, \V. fule of the ft rait, or [lis the coiiimunicution bc- t. Cidir and lake Erie. . lat. 42. 22. N. s', a villa;j:e of Germany, in e Upper Rhine, and tcni- Ilerc George 11. giiiitd a u- Frenrii in 1743. It is ii.ui, and 4 W . t)l Afchuf- q. 5. K. Lit. 49. n^.N, j)ort of Spain, on tljc hny in the province of Giiipiif. . Iv of Uilboa. Lon, 2.40. . N. a town of Bulgaria, in Eu- /, with ;-. Grcelc archbilhop's ted on the nvjr I'aniza, 6^ Adriaiiople. Lon. 37. 33. . N. |k, a lari^e, trading, and po- of the Uiiirtd Provinces, in th a iinivenity. It is fnr- ■ung walls, and' ditcii;.-s full of leatcd on llie nvcr Yfl'ei, co Amfterdam. Lon. 5. c,f>. .N. a lar^e and populous bo- s, featedon ap eminence. It atluro of ferges and other , and is 24 miles N. W. of 1 Sg W, of Loudon. Lou. 51. 20. N. a river of Scotland, which >. f:de of the Ochils (or Oak hfiiirc. It l.imctiintb nilhes 'u.vr the broken declivities litis, and, at others, glidi:* jottoiiis bttween them. Af- nionl/ meandering courfc, it the !)cautiful vale of Glen- is a " Knmbling Bridge," over the liraaii. It conlifts lown over a horrible chafin, vtr, about 80 feet deep, and The biitrom is ftrcweJ s of rocks, where the water ; between them. In many cs projsft, and almoft luck r. A few ftiriibs and pcii- Ihoot out, here and there, I from ♦ D E V """''- f»rm the riipgcd clilTs, and contribute to increafe the git im of the fcenc, while the ear is filkd with thi cawing of daws, the cooinjj; of woodpigeons, and the nolle Hf the rulhing waters'. In (ithrr placte Eni;hlhin •'•94, and is not nowj. con- fiduablc as formerly. It 's 30 mile N. of Rouen, and.. '.N.W. of .Vis. Lon. DiLsstNHOFKK, a larRc, rich, and handfome tovn of Swiflcrbnd, in the canton of Schaffhaufen. It has the fam. rrivilcces as the oditr towns of this can- ton, and embraced the "formanon ni T uo It IS five miles S. of bchalFhaufen. Won. S. 41. E- lat. 47- J^-N. DiEST, a town of Auttrian Brabant, rot fo conhderable as formerly. It was taken bv the French fn 1791, but retaken nMarL.793. Itisfeatedonthenver Demcr, . ^ miles N.E. of Louvam. Lon. <, 0. E. lat. 50. ^9- N. . DiF.T/., a town of Germany, m the circle of the Upper Rhine, and in Wete- ravia, capital of a county of the fame name with a ftrong calile. t is fubjett to the prince of Nalfau-D, lemburg and s feated on the Loan, .6 miles E. of Cob- Icntz. Lon. 7.3 ?-E. lat. ^0.12. N. DiFUZE, a town of France, in the de- partment of Meurthcand 1«<= ,F°J'"« ^f Lorrain. remarkable tor wells of fa water, which produce much fait. It is feated on the river Sc.lle, ^^ miles N. E f.f N»nci. Lon. 6. 4^- 1^- '»«• 4»- 53- ^• Djk/, Sx. a town of the department of the Vofges and late province of Lorrain. It had lately a celebrated chapter, whole canons were obliged to produce proofs of nobility. ItisfeatedontheMeurthe 30 miles S. E. of LuncviUe. Lon. 7. 4- ^• ^''bfcN AN^a town of Italy, in Iftria, three miles'fr.n the fea;lubjca to the Venetians. Lor.. :3- v E. lat- 45- >°- f^- DiGNE, a handfome town of F'-»"'^^ j in the department of the Lower Alps and late province of Provence, with a b.lhop fee It is famous for the hot baths that ;'; near it, and is feated on the nvcr Blcone, 30 miles S. by W. of Lmorun. Lon. 6. li.E. lat.44- »«-^' '^ "T— " ' DIN Dijov.an ancient, handfome, and rich town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or and late province of Burgun- dy. It was lately an archbilhopric, but is now the epifcopal town of the depart- ment, and contains zo.ooo inhabitant.. It has an academy of fciences and belle>-- lettres. The public ftruftuies, snd par- ticularly the churches, are very fine. lu front of the Place Rovfle, is the ancRni palace of tiie dukes of 'Juri;undy ; and a- the gates of Dijon is a late Chartrcule. in which are fome magnificent tombs ct thofc princes. Dij.m is fontcd in a plea- fant plain, which produces excellent wiiu , between two Imall rivers, 48 miles N. 1.. of Autun. Lon. 5. 7- E. lat. 47. i9- N. « DiLLA, MoL'.VT, a remarkable pro- montory of the coaft of Malabar, m riic peninfula of Hindoollan, fituated 20 mil*' M.by W. of Tellicherry, Lon. 75- =• E. lat. II. I.N. DiM-EMBVRO, a town of Germany, in Weteravia, capital of a county of the fame name. It is fubjeft to a prmcc of the houfe of Naffau, and is 21 niiles W. W. of Marpurg. Lon. 8. 27. E. lat. 50. 4?. N. DriiENfJF.N, a town of Germany, m the circle of Suabia, with a univorfity, and where the bilhop of Auglburg refidc». It is feated near the Danube, 17 vn\k% N. E. of Auglburg. Lon. 10. 20. E. lat. 48. 30. N. ^^ . ■ v DiMOTUC, a town of Romania, m Ku- ronean Turkey, with a Greek archbi- (hop's fee. It is feated on a mountain, furroendedby the river Meriza, 12 miles S. W. of Adrianoplc. Lon. 26. 15. h.. lat. 41. 3";-N. , r I ui„ Din ANT, a ftrong and confiderablc town of France, in the department of the North Coaft and late province of Bretagnc. It is feated on a craggy mountain, at the foot of which is the vivcr Ranee, 20 miles S. of St. Malo. Lon. i. 58. W. lat. 48. 20. N. , , »i V DiKANT, a rich town of the Nether- lands, in the biQiopric of Liege, with. a cartle. It is feated near the nvcr Meu e, 12 miles S. of Namur. Lon, 4. S'- E- lat. so. 17- N. , •», • .u DiNASMONDY, a lown (>f Mcrionetn- ire, with a market on Friday. It n Ihvic, Willi a ■ ■•-- -- - i^ ,. c ,8 miles S. of Bala, and 196 N. W. of London, Lon. 3. 4°- W. lat. 52.37. N. DiNCHURCH, a village in Romncy Marlli, in Kent, adjoining to the fea. In a place called New Hall, built above loo years ago, arc kept the records of Rom- ney Marlh, and a court, called the ..athc, is held by the lords of the Marlh and the mcmbcro of the corporauon, who arc ap- pointeu ) I N """"^ Kicnr, liamlfoine, and rich L-e, in the department of I late province of Bargvti- itcly an arclibilhopric, l)uc Icopal town of the depart- mains to.ooo inhabitant., emy of fcienccs and belles- public ftriiftuies, «nd p;ir- mrches, are very fine. In lace Royclc, is the anciLut ukci, of 'Jiiri;iindy ; and a- Dijon is a late Chartrcule. Ionic magnificent tomb, c t Dijun is foBtcd in a plea- Ich produces excellent wim , fmall rivers, 48 miles N. 1.. on. 5. 7- E. lat. 47. ig- ^^• Mov.VT, a remarkable pro- :ic coaft of Malabar, in tiic lindoollan, fituatcd 20 mil*' ■ Tellicherry, Lon. 75* =■ L'KG, a town of Germany, 1, capital of a county of tlif It is fubjeft to a prince ^of ■Naffliu, and is zi milci, N. jrg. Lon. 8.27- E. lat. 50. F.N, a town of Germany, in jiiabia, with a univorfity, and Dilhop of Auglburg refidc». ear the Danube, 17 mi'" N. lurg. Lon. 10. 20. E. lat. •, a town of Romania, in Eu- key, with a Greek archbi- It is feated on a mountain, y the river Meriza, 12 miles .drianoplc. Lon. 26. 15. E. a ftrong and confiderablc ice, in the department of the and late province of Brctagnc. on a craggy mountain, at the h is the river Ranee, 20 miles alo. Lon. i. 58. W. lat. 48. , a rich town of the Ncther- e biQiopric of Liege, with. a s feated near the river Meulc, of Namur. Lon, 4. S'- ^• N. . ONDY, a town ^f Menoneth- a market on Friday. It is of Bala, and 196 N. W. of .on. 3.40. W. lat. 52. 37- N. RCH, a village in Romncy Cent, adjoining to the fea. In ;d New Hall, built above 100 are kept the records of Roni- and a court, called the l.athc, :he lords of the Marfh and the f the corporation, who arc ap- pointed D I X pointed, bys ftatvuc 33 of ^r''^'"f "^• ?o meet here, or at fomc other pa .a fortnight after Michaelma.. to regulate .11 diftereiKes, to make new l^vs fo e better management of the M»r(h land, and walls, and to take care that the uld ones be ftiiaiy obfervcd. It h three miles and a half N. E-of Romnev. DiNCKEU^lL, a free ana itnpnal town of Germany, in Suab.t, feated on he river Wernitz. It has a great and a Ic council: the fortiier is a mixture o Papilh and Lutherans ; but the h.t'e one are all Papift^. It canicu on a trade m doth and reaping-hooks, and is 37 rn^W^ S.W. of Nuremburg. Lon. 10. 10. s^. '"b^Nc'trnNO, a town of Germany, in Lower Bavaria, feated on the "ver Her, 20 miles N. E. of Landlchut. Lon. .2. 36. E. lat. 4»-4"-T^- . . , , Dingle, a Icaport of Ireland, D N I top of ti conical hill ; a deep valley fur. rounds it like a trench, and the road wind« Ipiially up the hill till It end. among the lloufcs. The town is oopul.ms, a"'' ""- fins of Moors and Christians ; and the ,;iY trade of either is the lelhr- of chiU dr. n The CMiriftians bring fuch as they have'ftolcnin Abyliinia to IMxJm, vvhere the floors receive them, and ■-•arrv them to .^ market at xMalu.h, whence they are Cent to Arabia or India. The pnelts of th. prov^ince of T.gre ^^"P^"^^'"'^- cerned in this infamous traihc. Lon. 40. ^' D,XMJnE!a'for"tified town of Auftrian FLmdtrs, leatcd on the river Yperlee, .0 lies N. W. of Ypres. It is cutbiated 57. E. in the county of Dtrrv, ieated on Dmgle Bay, four miles W. of Limetxk. Lon. S. 40- %'Sg'w .'.af'; roval borough of Scot- hnd in the (hire of Rofs, leatcd on the Sot- the frith of Cromarty, .3 miles W of the town of Cromarty. Some Iw ^cn-yarn is manufaftured here, ana .nert b a lii^t-mill in the neighbourhood. Lon. A. li. W.lat. 57- 4v N. . ^ Diss, a town of Norfolk, with a mar- i ,^,n Friday It is feated on the river Wa™ oTthefideofahill.ntidt^ inarket is fupphed with cloth, yarn, and noWf.on . It is a neat flourilhing town ; r£sareweU.pave3.^vWeand^^^^^^ At the W. end of the town is a large lake, Cut fo muddy, that the inhabitants can nuke no othe'r ufe of i: b"t - catching o etls In the town is carried on manutac- to es o fail-cloth, h.^Ce, and thr making of ftay": It is t, miles S. of Norwich, and 92 N. N. E. of London. Lon. 1. 9- ^• *' V.u.'anSand of Afia, at the entrance of the gulf of Cambay. in the Dcccan of Hindooftan. On it is a large, well-built, and w fortified to vn of the hmc nau.e. Tlie liruaures are built of freeftonc and marble; «nd it contains fome tine church- es, ereded By the Portugucfe, abc time thev took polTcihon of the ill icii;. The trade of this town, important, is almoft entirely about the and in once fo removed to for hs "excellent butter. Lon. 2. ''dVz.kk!^'St. a confKlerable town of France, in the department of Lpper Marne and late province of Champagne, on the river Maine, where itbeo.nsob navi>'able for boats, i s mxk\ ^- ^- °* ; .' tri-le-Franqois. The road between thelc two towns. levtlletS and planted with trees, forms one of the hneft walks in Prance. Thi^ town received its name from ht. Drncr, a bifhop of Langres, who is in- terred here. Lon. 4- 54- E. ^t- +'*• ^ ■ Dniever, anciently the Bonfthenes, a large nver of Fnrope, which riks in the eovcrnnent of Smolenlko in Rt.ir>a, and lowing, in its general crmrle. in a loutherly dircaion, enters the Black Sea, between Cherlonand Oc/.ak.w. F^om us J^urce to its mouth, it now flows entirely through the Ruffian domimons ; and through th.s whole courfe, of above 800 miles, its na- vigation is only once intcrruptet by a le- rles of catara6ts, which begin below the mouth of the Samara, and continue for ^.^vc 40 miles. They are nor, however, fo dangerous as they have been repreient- cd or they may'be paflcd m Iprmg, wi bout much ha/.ard. even by loaded ba k s In other feafons of the year, t le 'oodsare landed at Kemenlk, "Ppofite the mouth of the Samara, and tranlportcJ ao bv land to K.ichkafe.ix miles f.^ru I e f.ortrefs of Akxandrowfk, where they a e again embarked, and dcfcend the ftream to Cherfon. Thcfe cataratts might, at a confulerableexpence.b. rendered na. vigable at ail iealons SuVat. The iHand is three miles lo,.|and r''-°''d2ooNWb;N.VfKba;! 'n^-.^.5:tt:^.^i»Aby(iini3, oathiudc^fTarants. It is buUt on the . DNU..bTf.R,. arincriverof RiQp'-, which rifes in Oal.ria, in Auftrui-. Polan . and, taking a louth-caftcrly d.rcttion. v - far chocim, div,ding po;|--ii -- ^^^^ : davia -. it then feparates the Turf-.fl, p vince of BelTirabia from the la.e V.MTuj^ acquifitig.^ called the S°vernm.nt -^ Ca- tharinenlVf ; and haying watered J.cnd.r^ ^ 1 miLU, AV*! ' ^ '- t) O L D OM filU into tlic RIack Sta, lictivcen the mo'irlis of tlic Dnic|)'.r anJ. i!ie Danube. DoBKLiN, a town of tlij (iucliy of Courhiiul, 20 miles S- VV. of Mittau. Lon. 13. 35. R. lat. fb. zS. N. DoUK/.iN, a town of rolanil, in Ma- fovia, capital of a territory of tlic fame nimc, fcnttJ on a rock near tlic rivtr Vif. tula, 14 miles N. W.of Plocklko. Lon. 19^ 5. E. lat. 5j. 54. N. DocKiJM, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in WcA Friellaiiil, at the inoutii of the river Avers, 10 miles N. E. of Lc- warden. Lon. 5. 41. K. lat. 13. 18. N. Dot:L, a town of Dutcli Brabant, on the W. fiJe of the Schcld, oppofitc Lillo, nine miles N. VV. of i^ntwerp. Lon, 4. 1 1;. R. 'at. ^i. I',. N. DoKsbi'iiG. I town of the United Provinces, in Zutplicn, feated on the river Jffel, 10 miles S. of Zutphtn. Lon. 5. 36. E. lat. 4z. 1. N. DofiADo, a province of Ita'y; in the territory of Venice, bounded en the K. by tlie gulf of Venice, on the S. by Polt-fino, on the VV. by Paduano, and nn the N by Trevifano. It lies on the f'jr.coil}, and comprehends a i;reat nunilicr of fii..dl jrtands near it, called The Lacu.nesof Venice. DoL, a town of France, in the depart- ment c;f lllc and Vilainc ;;nd late pro- vince of Bretagne. Bcf.ire the revolution (if 1739, it was an cpii'c'p.il Ice. It is fituatcd in a niorai's, five miles frun the fca, and zt S. E. of St. Pvlalo. Lon. 1.41. W.Iat. 43. 13. N. Doi.cF.-Af^L'A, a t'i'vu of Piedmont, capital of a marquifate of the fame name, with a caftle. It is fe-itid on the river Nervia, live miles N, of Viiitinugiia. Lon. 7. 41. E. lat. 43. ^S. N. lioLCiONO, a ftrou!:; tfnvn of Turkey iri Europe, in Albania, with a bt.'hop's fee, a good harlxjur, and a ritadel ; fcated on the river Drin, 10 miles S. .E, of Antivari. L'ln. 19. JO. L. lat. 41. 1 1. N. DuLE, a large, populous, and "hand- ■fbmc town of France, in the department of Jura and late province of Fianchc CoiPte, fcated on the river Doubs, 1 5 miles S. W.ofBeianqon. Lon. 5. 38. N. lat. 47. 6. N. DoLEGELLY, a town of Merioneth- fliire^ with a market (ui J uofday. . It is feated on the river Av;in, in a vale fo called, and at the foot of vhc c^reat rock Cader-Idris, which :s cxtrenM.-Iy hii;h. It has a good manu'af^Une of VVcIih cotton, is 31 milei N. \V. of Al"r.rg,)ni(.ry, and 105 N. W. of London. Lon. ;. 4S. \V. lat. 5»-4i-N. Dollar I Bay, akrgc gulf, fcparat- inf^ Raft Friefland, in Germany, frnffl Gronini^cn, fine of the United Province'?- D'>MA/,I.I/K, A town of Bjhemia, feated on the rivulet of CadlnirA, in the circle of Pillcn, 17 miles S. of Pilfen, and remarkable for a battle f.uiyht between tilt Crufaders and the Muihtcs 'n 1466, to the great dil'advantaj^e of the former, it was taken by the Swedes in i ^41. DoMFRONT, a town of France, in the department of Orne and late province ot Normandy, feated on a craj.;gy rock, which has a large cleft from the fummit to the bale, through which flows the little river Varenne. It is 3^ miles N. VV. of Alenrju. Lon. o. 43. W. lat. 4S. 3S. N. D()^ (-NGO, St. one of the licheft Ifiands in the Weft Indies. It is 400 miles in length, and 7; in breadth. It was difcovered by Chriftopher Colutii- bus, in the year 1492, and is furrounded by craggy rocks and dangerous flioals. The heat to the N. and S. E. would be infup- portable for fix months of the year, if not qualified by the cafterly winds, and frc- iiiient rains ; but the latter foon fpoil the llclh, bread, and fruits. It has a great many rivers, and mines of gold, talc, and cryfliil- The Spanilh name of it is Hifpa- niola. The VV. part of it belongs to the French ; the E. to the Spaniards. Since the great revolution in France, the French part of this tine ifland has been fubjett to the moft dreadful calamities, as well from an infurredioii of the negroes, as from a civil war lietwcen the patriots and the rov- alirts. It lies between Jamaica to the VV. and Porto Rico to the E. Dominuo,St. a handfomc town of the W. Indies, capital of Hifpmiola, or St. Domingo, with an archbifhop's lee, whole cathedral is a fuperb ftru£lure. It belongs to rhe Spaniards, and is feated on a large navigable river, and very difficult of ae- eels. It has an excellent harbour. Lon. 70. 10. VV. lat. j8. io. N. Dominica, an idand in the VV. Indies, one of thofe formerly called The Neutral Ifiands. but ceded to Great Britain by the peace of Paris in 1763. It lies in i<. lii. N. lat. and 61. 13. W.lon. about half-way between Guadaloupe and Martinico, and is near i>< miles in length, and 13 in breadth. The foil isthui, and better adapted to the rearing of cofTee than fugar ; but the fide* of the hills hear the fincft trees in the VV. indies, and the ifland is well lupplied with rivulets of water, Doj!!Nic.\, one of the ifland of the S. Pacific Ocean, called the Marquefas. Lon, 130. 2. W. l.it. (). 41. S. Dgmitz, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Lower ijajconv, and duchv of to ] ma jc' on wa in U OM nil, in Germany, fnim |iit" tht Unitctl I'rovlncts- A town (if BjhcmKii Iviilct (.t Cadlnir/, in the 17 milts S. uf Pilfcn, and a bR'.tIc fought between d the lluflitcb 'n 1466, to ntaj;e of the former. Jt t Swedes 'n I ^41. |, A town .)f France, in the ine and late provinec of ted on a craj^gy rotlt, gc cleft from the fummit ough which flows the little It is ^c; miles N. W. of . o. 43. W. iat.4S. 38. N. St. one (if the licheft Weft Indies. It is 400 1, and 7i in brc:idth. It liy Chrillopticr C(jknn- i4';2, and is lurrounded by nd danj;eroiis (hoals. The and S. E. uould be infup- . numihs of the year, if not he caftcrly winds, and frc- ut the latter foon fpoil the nd fruits. It has a great nd mines of gold, talc, and panilh name of it is Hifpa- . part of it belongs to the E. to the Spaniards. Since luiion in France, the French nc ifland has been fubjett to ilful calamities, as well from 11 of the nef;r(^es, as from a cen the patriots and the rov- between Jamaica to the W. Bto the E. , St. a handfome rownof the jpitsl of Hifpiniola, or Sr. h an archbilhop's fee, whole fuperb flru£lure. It belongs ds, and is feated on a large •r, and very difficult of ae- an excellent harbour. Lon. :. 18. 20. N. .,an ifl;md in the \V. Indies, jrmerly called The Neutral :dcd to Great Britain by the in 1763. It lies in i(. ib. . 23. W. lon. about half-way laloupeand Mariinico, and is in length, and 13 in breadth. II, and better adapted to the be than fugar ; but the fideg ear the fineft trees in the id the ifland is well lupplied jf water. A, one of the ifland of the S. , called the Marquefas. Lon, ;r. (,.41.8. a ftrongr town of Germany, f Lower Saxony, and duchv of DON D O O with a nf Mecklenburg Schwe-^n f<.yt. It is feated at thf^nntlucnce ot the El'ie and Klve, 15 miles S. of Schwerin. Lon. 1 1, 41. E. lat. 53. 1 S' N. Domo-d'Osci- i.A, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mdan, t 1 the S. of the ftrone; of Yorklhirc, w-.th a mirket on Saturdajr. It liad 111 name tnuii the river Don, on which it is lejied, and a ciiHe, no(v m ruins. It is a larfje, ^vt■ll-lv.nl[ cyporaie town, and has g.jod manutait.iics in llmj. . 'ngs, kmt wailteoats, and j'joves. It i^ 37 lakcMaggiorc. Iti^l'eatcdonthcrivcrTol'a, miles S. of York, and i',o N. by \V. of at the foot of the Alps, and has a calUe. DoMREMY-i.A-1'ucKi.i.K, a viliapc of France, in the department of Meulc and late province of Barrois, remarkal)le for the birth of Joan of Arc, tlie Maid OF Ori KANS. It is feated on the Mtufe, live miles from Ncufchateau. Don, one of the principal rivers in Eu- rope, which feparates it from Alia. It liluts fro.n the fmall lake of St. John, near Ti.la, in the govcrnmtnt of Mofcow, and tlowinj; through part of the province of Voronet/., a Iniall portion of the Uk- raina Slobodfkaia, and the wiiole province of Aloph, divides, near Tclierkafle, into three itrtams, which fall into the lea of London. Lon. 1. li, \V. lai. ^3, 33. N. DommiKkky, a handiniTic town (jf France, in the depiriiiitnt of Arduiiius and laie province of Chaiiipijjnc, leatcd on the Mcufe, three miles from Sedan. Lon. i.i. E. l.it. 4().42. N. DoNKGAi., a county of Ireian.!, in the piMviiKe of Ulllcr, 6H miles in i.;nf;tli, and 44 in breadrb ; bounded on th ; i^. oy Lon- dond( rry : 1 ryrone, on the \V. and N. by the (jtean, andon the S. by l'"erm;ina^;!i, and the bay of Donegal, it contains 40 pinlhes, and linds u members to parliament, it i", in general, a cham- paign country, and abounds with har- bours, Tlie principal town is of the fame Afoph. This river has I'o many windings, name. is fv) (liallow in many parts, and has I'lieli DuNEf;Ai., a town of Ireland, capital numerous Ihoals, as to be I'carcely naviga- of a county of ihe lame irime, Uatcd on ble, except in the Ipring, on the melting of the i'liows ; and its mouth alio is lb choked up with land, that flat-bottom boats oidy, except in the fame fcafoii, can pals into the feaof Aibph. '■' Don, a river ot Scotland, which rifes in the wild part of Aberdeen- Ihirc, four miles N. of the Caftle of Brae- Mar. At Inverarie, it joins the river called Uric Water, and palling by Kin- tore, falls into the Britilh Ocean at Autr- deen, within two miles of the mouth of the Dee. Both thefe rivers arc noted for the falinort fithery. A fpnce of be- tween 200 and 300 yards, on tlicDon, has been known to produce 20GcI. in one year. The method of taking falmnu here, is by heaping a ridge of loofe ftones acrofs the river, in an oblique dire(^"Hon, and of a height I'ufficient to overtop the water. Several openings oi nine feet wide arc left in this wall; and in thefe a kind of boxes, called cruivcs, are fixed, in which the falmonare caught. * Don, a river of Yorkfliire, which wa- ters Doncaller, and joins the Aire, near its termination with the Oufe. Dona r, St. a fort in Dutch Flanders, to the W. of Sluys, which it commands. Donawert, a ftrong town of Ger- many, rn the frontiers ot Suabia, and lub- jci'f to the dvike of Bavaria. It is Hated on tho-N. fide of the Danube, over which was a bridge that was burnt by the French in 1743. It is 11; miles N. of Auglliurg. Lon. 1 1. 5. E. Lat. 4S. s^i. N. Do.ncaster, a town in the W. riding of 54. the b.iy of Donegal, 10 miles N. Ballifhannun. Lon. 7. 47. \V, lat. 41. N. ■ Doneschin(;en', a town of Ger- many, in the Black Forcll, and in the circle of Suabia. Iris the c.iitf refidcncc of the prince tif Furilenbur;;, in the court-yard ot whole palace the Danube takes Its rile. Some linall I'priu.;-, bub- bling from the griund, foriii a 'ualin cf cl^ar wa:cr, ab.ut 30 feet ('|iiare. From ihu ilHies the Daiuibe, wiiicli is liere only a little brook ; aiil iliough the Ihiall ri- vers Bribach and Bf '^e, uniting below tlu town, are far mon' confldcra'jle than this ftream, which limv.s into theiii ii'ioa after their jun^'lioii, yet his this al'ne the ' honoiir of being ca.kd the fource of the Danube. * D J M G A I. A , or D a n- c a l a , a to\vn of Africa, 111 Nubia, feacil on tluj E. bai.Lof the Nile, 'i n'.' llrcers are re-^'relenrvd to bo half defer'.ed, being lilled With hcflps of fand, brought down uy the v.^'.firs from the mountains. The calUe is lai-j^e, but not ttrnng. Ir 's mo allies N. of Sennar, , and 6(^0 S. of Cairo. Lon. 3J. 35. E. lar. 21.0. N. D&^fzv, a town of rtance, in the de- partment ot Kievrc and !a:e teiritory ot Nivernois, 22 miles N. of Nevers. Lon., 3. 14. E. lat. 47. 22. N. * DoQAB, or DoAH\i!, a f rtilfrraflt of !.n 1 in Ifindooftaa l\aiTji', ivinj b.e- tween the Ganges and Jii, "iia, and for.ncj bv the tonllucnce of ihole rivers. It is lb named ny way of craini;acc ; the wtrd N 3 f,,. ■i^ «&ijk*ii:. i rtji i f | ffto l *l ti> i!% i M < r,tfk ^» \ut£iJ DOR DOR flgnifying a traft of land foriiu 'ic which rilei in tlie mountains of Auverpne, liiiproxiniatirin or juntti^n of tw( .». ami riinninjj W. throiijjh Guicnne, Ullt Tic principal part of it is iubjeff to the info tlic Garonne, near Bourdeaux. nahob of OiiHi. DiiEN, a village, in the parifh of DooN, Louir, a lake of Scotland, Blockley, in WorccUerfhire, on the bor- 'intheS. E. part of the difirirt of Kyle, dcrs of Gloiicefterlhire, from which the in Ayrlh'ie. Jt i-, fix milts in Icnj^tli, Roman fofltway runs throu;;>i it. The and of cnnfidcrabte brt.idtli. Cii an illanJ people have ■ tradition that it wa» once a in this Inki' ItaniK Ballocii CaOlc. city ; and here are plaii, tokens of it> an- • Doo.N, a river nf Scothnd, which tiouity, and of its having been a Roman HTue* from Loch Doon, and taking a N. cotonv, abundance of coins, both Romaa W, dirtftion, divide-, the dii^rift of Kyle and Untifli, having been found htre. from Carrick, the foiithtrn divifion of '' Dorn'OCH, the county town of ^vifliiw, and falls itiro the friih of Sutherlandlhire in Scotland, fituated at Clvde, a httle to the S. nf Ayr. the entrance of a nnblc frith of the fame DoRAT, a town of I-rince, in the de- name. It is a fmall place, and half in pirtniriit of Upper Vienne and Wte ttrti- r\iim, but was the refidence of the hilltops tnry of Liniofin, feated on the Abran, near of Caithnefs. Part of the cathedral fervei ii» juiirtion with the Sevrc, 25 milts N."f for the parilh church; the other part is Liinoge*. Lon. 1.74. E. lit. 4ft. ii.N. in ruins. About nine miles above Dor- DoncHfcsTEK, tlic county town of Dorfetf.Sire, wirh a market on W'tdnef- day and Saturdny. ft is a town of r,rt.Hr a'uiqiiity, and was mud; larger than it is Mt prefent, the ruins of the walls being Hdl to he fccn in fome places. It is fcaicd on tie river Frome, on a Roman t .ad. The hniil\:s are well-builr, and ii 'las three ha;i(ltbmc ftrvets. It rends two mem- bers tj parli imen:, and is governed by a mayor, ji alJtrnieii, a recorder, and 24 tomnioii-council-men. It has'3 churches, and ab-iiit 600 houfes. Tiie ftre(.ts arc iioch Ferry, at InverOiin, is a fine water- fall, and falmon-ieap, wliere the lilh tliat fdll in the leap are nften caught in a baf. kit, placed, on purpofe, below where the water (hoots over the rock in a great body. Dornoch is 87 miles N. VV, of Aberdeen. DORPT, or DOKPAT, a town of Li- vonia, on the Ember, between the lakes Wofero and Pepas, 60 miles S. of Narva. Lon. 27. 51. E. lat. 58. iS. N. UoicsKTsniRE, a county of England, bounded on tne N. by Somerfetfliire and broad and paved ; and a fini; terrace-walk, Wiltlliire ; on the K. by Hampfhire ; on planted witii trees, ai;iio!l lurrounds ilie the S. by the Englilh Channel ; and on tovvn. This plate w^^s fornraTlv a city, the W. by Devonlhire and Somerletfhire ; Tt his no maniifadture-., but is f.imous for extending i;o miles in length from E. to its txccllcnt alt, which is exported to u!l W. and jij from N. to S. where broadeft ; psrts of the kin^jdoin. At ab'iut half a containinj; 11 market-towns, and 148 pa- mile's diftancc ftaiid.i Maiden Caftle, with rilhes. The air is for the moft part v«ry intri.iichments 40 feet iki p, thrown up good and wholefome. On the hills it is round it in the time of the Romans. It fomewiiat bleak and (harp, but it is very irnis title of earl to the family of Darner, mild and pleafant near the ccall. The aud is eight miles N. of Wtyiiiouth, and foil is generally rich and fertile, though in 120 W. by S. of London. Lon. z. 45. fome parts very fandy. The northern W. lat. i;o. 42. N. part, which is divided by a range of c'.ialk DoitriiKsTF.R, a town in Oxford- hills from the Ibuthtrn, was anciently fliire, wliofe market is no'v difufcd. It ovcrfpread -with forefts, but now afTords v»as a bidmp's fee, till loSf', when W'il- good part lire for cattle ; while the fouthern liam the Conqiiero'- rranflated it to Lin- part chieflv confifts of fine downs, and coin i and it had five Ihitciv churchts, ' " though now hut one. Tt appears like- >vire to have l;ec;; a Roman dation. It pives the title of baron to the family of Carleton. It has a bridi;c over tlie T;-.mc, about three quarters of a mile before the jun/tion of that rivcr with the Thames ; and is j-> miles S. ]''.. of Oxford, and 40 W. N. W. of London. Lon. i. c. W. lat. ^i. ^9. N. feeds incredible numbers of Iheep. The chalk hills, which run through every tounty from the S. E. part of the king, dom thus far, terminate at the farther ex- tremity of this ; but on the coaft, chalk clifl's extend beyond it intoDevonfliire, ten miles W. of Lyme. From the Hampfhire border to the neighbourhood of Blandford, a heathy common extends, which caufcs an exception to the general charai^er of DoRllO(;^f^:, a department of France, fertility which this county merits ; but the which includes the U:t proviiirc of Peri- rich vales to the S. VV. make ample amends. {ord, and receives its nume fruiu^ rivci, Thcduwus undhilharc covered with great tlocks O R e mnuntaini of Auverpnei '. tlirouj;li Ouiennf, Ulli ne, near Uourdeaux. illagf, in the parifh c( orcclterlhirc, on the bnr- |cft«rlhire, from which tlie y runs throur.i it. The rtdition that it wat once a are plaii, tokens of its an- iti having been a Roman ncc of coins, both Roinaa vingbeen found htre. H, the county town of e in Scotland, fituated at f a noble frith of the fame 1 fmall place, and half in the refidence of the bilhops Part of the cnthedral fervei cluirch ; the other part u )oiit nine miles above D'^r- t In\er(hin, is a fine water- ii-lcap, wliere the lilh that ) arc fiften caught in a baf- M piirpofe, below where the over the rock in a great 3ch is 87 milts N. W. of ir Dor PAT, a town of Li- ; Embtr, between the lakes I'opas, 60 miles S. of Narva. E. lat. 58. 18. N. HIRE, a cniinty of England, the N. by SomcrfetiJiire ami on the I'., by Hampfhire ; on he Kiiglilh Chaiuitl ; and on (cvonDiirc and Somfrrctftiirc ; miles in length from E. to Vom N. to S. where broadeft ; 1 market-towns, and 148 pa- L' air is for the moft part vmy holtfomc. On the hills it is eak and (harp, but it is very eafant near the cca(t. The illy rich and fertile, thmiph in very fandy. The northern is divided by a range of ciialk :he foiithern, was anciently vith foiefts, but now affords foi- cattle ; while the fouthern confifts of fine downs, and ible numbers of Iheep. The which run through every the S. E. part of the king. r, terminate at the farther ex- lis; biit.m the coart, chalk clift's nd it into Devonfhire, ten miles TIC. From the Hampfhire .' neighbourhood of lilandford, mmon extends, which caufcs n to the general charafter of ch this county merits ; but the the S. VV. make ample amends. uu'l hiih arc covered with great llwks D U U " fl'icks of fliecp, svhufc flclli is fweet anu dclitaf, and wool very fine. Here is plenty jf fowli, as poultry of ail l'"rts, Iwanx, wootlcocks, phcalinfi, pirtriil^,ca. (iiMf.irrs, &c. bcfldc cattlr, fjlh, &;c. The niodudh are torn, uool, hemp, line Purt. und Hones, and feme ni.irble. The peninlula of Purbcek furnilhes a par- livular kind of ih.nc, cp.lli d by its lunic, .iiul tobacco-pipe clay. Thks d'Unty is dillinguilhed for iti woiJUii manuU^'urci, and its tine ale and beer. It fends zo incmhtrs to pailumtnt, and it* principal rivers are the Stour and Eiome. Dour, or DoiibUKc'iiT, a handfome, ftrong, ami rich town of the United Pm- vincts, in Holland, famous for a iVnod held herein iftiS, and for its falmon-fidiery. It is feated in an ifland at the place where the river Mcrve falls into the Macfe, 10 miles S. li, of Rotterdam, and ^7 W. of Amiicrdaiii, Lon. 4. 4S. E, lat. ?i. co.N. DoHTMi'ND, a fmall, hut (Irmi;, rich, populous, and imperial town of Germany, in the ciicle of Wcliphalia, and county of Marck, feated on the riv r EinlUr, ^5 miles N. E. of Colugnc. L'in. 7. J5. E. l:it. fi. 16. N. DouA Y, a confidcrable town of Frfncc, in the department of the North and late French Flanders. It has a tine arllnal, a fnundiy for cannon, and a military Ichool. The fort of Scarpe, within cannon-ihot, ferves for a citadel. It has three famous colleges j and the great fqiiarc in the cen- tre of the city, and the principal church, arc worthy of notice. It was tak>;n by the French in 1712, after the fiirpcnfion of arms bcrwcen Great Britain and France. It is feated on the river Scarpe, whence there is a c;inal to thx Dtule, i r, milts N. W. of Cam'jray. Lon. 3. 10. E. lat. 50. 12. N. * DocBS, a'department of Frr.ncc, in- cluding; part of the late province of Tranche Comte. It is fo named from a river wliich falls into the Rhone. Dov'i:, a river of DcrbyHiirc, which rifes in the Peak, parts the coiintv from StafFordfhirc, and falls into the 'Prent, ^ur miles to the N, of Burton upon Trent. * Dove Dale, one of the mod ro- mantic fp^its in Dcrbyftiire, in the neigh- bimrhood of Alhborn. Here the nvcr Dove ruins in a thal'm between precipi- tous rocks. * DoL'E, a fmall town of France, in the department of Mi.iac and Loire and late province of Anjou. It has one cf the fincil fuuuiain;i la Fiance ^ and near it \i "" IJ o u ^ a v.ift Roman atnphitheare, cut out of the folij fiXk. it is i>ine niilci S. VV. of Sjumur Dover, a fcaport of Kent, wiili two •markets, on Wcdncfday and Satin d.iy. ft I, (troni,' both by nature and art, being liruafed between hif/li cliH. ; aid it has uii aniitnt taflle, b'.'t on a hi.;li hill K. froiri the town. It was repaired in 1756, and |herc are barracks in it for 3000 incn. The town was once walli d round, and had fen gates ; but there n' N. r r I DoiMtAK. a town of Pcrfii, fe«c( near the c-ntU.cncc of tl.c K.iphratts pm^I Ti/ru, and rn.v.rkablc f-r tlie rcud ot vh.'rh tluy make their pciiii. Lon. t,t. CI. K. lai. IS- '^- ^'' , ,, . . Dot) ..DAN-, :. town ..f I-r.^tice, in the dcp'rta.int of Sciue and O.le ;.nd h..^ pr'vinec nt the IHc of France w.ih a minufatlory of f.lk and worftcd ftock..,.;.. (t I. fcncd on th.' river O.pc, j -, m.l-s S. W. of Palis. Lon. 2. 10. L. lit. 4^- ^^boV'RtAcn. a handfnme town of n.rnn.-.v, m S.ahia, capital of B.de.,- D.urlach. It u as burn, by the I'rcnch in ,'«0. Thcinhahuin.san:rrou(\|ints 1, i, luu.d on the G.ellen, M nu les b. of Phih' >g. Lon. 9- ^'i- ^- !'''• ■^'> *'D-)VMENS,cr DoURLEKS. a town rf Pr.nee, in the d. partmcn. of Son.me and h,, pr<.v,nce of r.cardy, with two era- dels It is f. lied on the nvcv Autit, . S niile^ N. of Amiens. Lon. ». 23- L. lat. ^"•^'^bowLATAriAP, formerly called AmednaKur. a 1":>'V"'' TV" .K^'n" h! llindo-.lCn. I- 1^ bounded on .h^' N. by clL.lhandMal.va; onthcVV.bvthc Gaito. or Uabgar. mnintains ; or, the S. bv Vir..pour and Gokonda; and on the E. by Uiaar. Aurun.;abad is the eai„tal. '<■ DuwT..\TAnAD, a foitrefs in th-: Dcccan of llindoof.an. .5 "" " jron. Aurun...had. Jn the neighbourhood are ^c^aHa^ofKlura m.Hofwlu,hnrc cut out of the natural mck. M. 1 hoe- not fav». t"at f.r fvo leav.ues t,-i'eihcr. ^ohi"' V, to be feen but pagodis, in "hich-therearcfomethoufandsofhirures. But he drc, nor iireatly commend .he f"ln,.„v,.im\ .T^ainr Rennell .hmk, they „re'of early Hindoo origin. Lon, 76. o. ^■dowv, \V,c^capirnl of the cminty of Town, in Ireland. It IS a borouj.h and t,,rke- -t )wn and is featcd on the river L .1 [ 4». W.lat.'M- »i. N. iVcwN, a county of Ite..nd, in Ueur^'c'* Clnnnil, on the W. by Ar ma)',ii, on tic N. W. by Antrim, and on thc's. by Carlini'/'ord Bay and the oceini. It contains 71 psriflics, and fend; i4mem- bcrito parliament. It i-, a fertile count. v, th';u,;U ill foinc place* incuit»bered sMii boju. I)i)WN, a fm.i'l place in Scotland, in Ptr.hihirc. 'hat ^;ivc» the title of baron te> the lail of Moray'* eldclf fon. DowNr., Tm , a road on the coift of Kent, betw. tn the N. and S. Konland, thriui'.h whieh lliip< t'/m-rally [>M's, in goinj; out an I returning home : here alio f(luiilronh of men ^t0isai>ii^3--rrss>i»a«^erf^-' p R E Lr, 41 milei in length, inj |l'ciundeil en ilic I'., hy St. nil, on the W. by Ar- W. by Antrim, ami on lu;*''ird Buy and tlie ocean, pnrticj, and fend i i4mcin- jiit. It I, at'iTtile coiintrv, Ic phcu incuinhercil wici ii.i'l place in Scotland, in j;ive« tlic title of baron to iy'» eldcli fon. [mi, a rnad on tlir coift nf tlir N. and S. Fori land, 1 llii|i< i;fn«-r.illv p;»f», m returning home ; htrc alfo !■ n of war frt'|uenfly rcn- fiOoowiN Saniis. , .1 i) iroiigli nt Willi, with iidiy. It 14 Icarcd on ilic ix miles S. K. oi Salilliiiry, i W. of London. I.on. i. .O.N. , a town of Norfolk, witii Saturday. It is (tatcd on IS noted for the pioilij;;iiiii, itttr that is bromjlit liithcr, Cambridge up the Oufe, ronvcycd in the Cimbridj^ir ondon, and generally known name of C'.imbridgr butter. N. K. of Ciinibrulj;e, and of London. Lon. o. ;e, E. I. NAN, a town of France, in nt of Var and late prosuirc 10 miles N. W, of Frejus. -.lit. 4?. )!■ N. I C'lnfidir^iile liver of Gtr- I rites in iifc Timl, rn the r arehl)illiopiic <.( Salt/.burj;. Cariiithitf, p.iil'ts by ftvcr.il hen fnttring Stiria, rcnti- f tj Marpun; ; then its runs fines of Srlavcnlu and Lower Hint,' by Klfetk, and a little 1 the Dinubc. ', a tim n of Shropfliirc, «itli Wedncfday. Ir is feated Torn, which ftjiaratcs thu irartoidlhire. It has a uoiut ■lis and cattle ; and is 17 miles lewdiurv, and 114 N. \V. Liii. 2. 11. \V. lat. 52. 1 a town of Gormjny, and loiiv. It is divided by the Old and New 'Liun, whicti ;cther by a bridge 6^1; paces to<.\ ns aic furiounded by cations : however, it was king o Piulfia in 1745, but was 'D R O wai foon rcftored, in cnnftiiucnce of a p. aci between him and the tlun iltMor. All the houfts are built of frctUjne, and »rc alniull ;ill of the rune heii^ht. There 11 A nia^,niliccnr cluirch f.ir the Roman Catholics, which I^iikK between the I'-lbe, the bridj'.t, and the cilHc; and there arc Id many palaces, tint it it one "f 'he lundluniclt cities in Germanv. Htforc the place where liny keen ('.iiard, in the New Town, is an nnaurlan liatue of Aii};uftut II. loiikin:; toward IMand. Travellers take inueli imtiCc of the elec- tor's Hablcs, of the e binet of curiofiiits, the arlenal, the court if the huniri'i the garden, the palaces of Jap.ui and of Hol- land, the mint, the j^reen manaiinc, the clcttor'j library, the I'leat g:irikn without the wills, and other tilings, which canm/t be ftcn without admiration. With re- gard to ecelefiallie atV.iirs, there is a I'upe- rior coiifiltory, on whiehthe twi)Univ, jo niiles E. of Sarino. Drino, a r!i cr of Turkey in Europe, which has its iource on the fruniieis of Albania, and falls into a bay of the fame name, in the gulf of Venice. Drino, a I'eaport of Turkey in Eu- rope, 01} a bay of the fame name, in the gulf "f Venice, no miles S. E. of Ra. guHi. Lon. 10. ig. E. lat. 4;. 4'^. N. Droghkda, a feaport ami bcrouj.h of Ireland, in the county of Louth. It is H (Irong place, and well-inhabited, iu vinj n R o '^Wt " DromF., a departrnrtit of Fnnce, inchidii.ri (iirt of the j.iie province of an excellent harbour. It 11 leated on ths Uuyiie, live inileit VV. of the Iiilh Chan- nel, and ij N. uf Dublin. Lon. 6. 1. W. U:. ^1. M-N. Uriji I wit»i, » b iroiii;hof Worccft«r. (hire, wiih a market ••i\ Fridiv, It it feii'd on the riVer Sil\arp, and it i>f grent note for iti fult-pits, fmni which ihev make tiiic white I'llt. It is lix mili-» E. N. I'., of Worielier, and iH W. N. W. ot London. Lon. 1. 41. W. lit. ci. IV N. IF., a departrnrtit fi pirt of the j.iie D.uiphmy. It it fo called from a river of the 1 line name. Dkdnkru, a trAvn of Piedmont, feTtcJ .It tlie foot of the Alps, on the liver M.icra, over which is a brid^jc of a pr; fame n me, with an archbilhop', fee, and a jjood harboiii. It rarres on a great trade; is al.iinit fiirround;d by tile fen and lUe ri.tr Piddet ; an I 'is L 170 miles 11. 5. E. N. W. of S-.ockhclm br. (^^. ■!'.. N. ]):u-vriii:iM, a province of Nor- svay, lyin;; aluiig the llacoall. It is bounded on ti.e VV'. by the ocean, on the N. by the i^overnmcnt of Wardhuys, on the S. by tiiit of Hergen, and on the E. by S.Milr'i, from which it is fepar.ued by ly-.th mountains. It is but th.n ''f pen- p'e : rlie t.:pital town i< of the faii^ iinme. * Ditr.'.vvKn Lasts, a large nnd valuwibl:; tri'f of country, focilled, in N. Anuriea. It ontains .10 or jceoo acres, and lies in tli'.- liare of New Vi"-k, on the N. lide of the mounftitis, in Orange Co'.mty. Tiie waters, which dclcend from the furro'indin;; hills, being but ilo v'ly diicinru'cd by the river ifTuing from it, cover tliefe y;ii1 meadows every winter, and render them extremely fer- tile ; but they expofe the inhabitants in the viiiiiitv to intcrmirtenrs. The river W.iilkill, which palfes through thi; cx- ttnlivc traifl, and falls into Hudujn's Ri- ver, is, in the fpring, very plentifully flortd with large eels. DllU.M- 'U V D U U R Dtit'MBOTE, a town of Trc'.inil, in the td'inty of Monaghaii, cij;ht miles \V. of Uiiudalk. Lon. ^>. ^i. W. I-.r ;+. lo. N. DituMt. AVKio, \ town ot Diiinfncs- Ihire, in Scotland, in the dirtrift of Nitlif- lUlc i remarkable for a wood of o^k fix miles in length. Here h h nobL feat of the duke ot Qneensherry'», (kreened by woody hilU, and adnr'it."s of parliament palfcd in 1 7-4 and i7S<;. It contains two cathedrals, jS paridi churci'.es, two chapels of tafc, I ; Roman Cstliolic cluipcls 13 mecting- hdufes for diffcnters of various denomina- tions, three foreign cluirclies, and a fyna- gngHC. There are fcveral magnificent Ibeets and ftjuarcs, many of which arc newlv-buitt. Among the principal puh- lii buildings are the Caftic (the ri.fidencc cf the Viceiuv) the Pailiamcnt Houfc, Trinity College, the Royal Exch.tn(»e, th» new Cufttjm Iloufc, the Ivjyal Hofpital at Kilmainham for iiiv.dids, atui EfTcx Briil^e, one of the fivr bridges over the LilFey. Tiie Houfc of Couunons wasdethovcd by fire in ito^- The haibour is chokcHl up with two bank, of fands, which prevent vclTels of large burden from ^-oingover the bar; a defcifl which will be remedied, no doubt, by foinc fine projefted improve- ments. Dublin is 60 miles W, of Holy- head, in Wale-, and 330 N. W. of Loii- din. Lou. 6. z. W. lat. 53. 2;.N. Di'Bi.m, a county of Irehnd, in the province of Leinfter, ^^ mAm in length, and 17 in breadth ; bounded on the E. by the Iriih Sea, on the W. and N. W. by Kildave and' Eall Meath, and on the S. by Wicklow. It contains 8" pariflies, four niirket-towns, and one city, and fends 10 members to parlian-ent. The foil is rich, and fertile in corn and grafs. ■ Duck Cketk, a town of N. Ame- rica, in the flate of Delaware. It carries on a confiderablc trade with Philadelphia ; and is 12 mile-a N. W. of Dover DuDi-KV, a town in Woricfterfiiire, with a coiifidcrable rnarkct on Saturday, The inhabitants have a great manufafturc of nails and other iron-wares j and there arc two churches placed at each end of the longed ftreet. It is 10 miles N. W. of Birmingham, and iioN. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 2. o. W, lat. 52. 33. N. DUEKSTADE. Sci WlCK-DE-DuER» STADK. DuisBt-'RG, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Clcvcs, with a univerfity ; feated on the river Roer, near the Rhine, 12 miles N. of DuflTeldorp. * Duke or York's Isi.AVD.anifland of the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by commodore Bvron, in 1765, and named after the late duke of York. It lies W, N. W. of the lilcs of Danger, E. of New Guinea, and N. of the Friendly I (lands. Great numbers of feafowl were f?en fitr- ting on their nefts, and fo devoid of fear, that they did not atreinpt to move at the approacli of the fcamcn, but fufTered themfelves to be knocked down, having no apprehenfion of the mif;hief intended them ; a fign, that no humin being had ever before Uccn there. The ground was covered by land-crabs, but lit) oihrr animal was feen. Ion. 172. 30. W. lat. 8, o. S. ■ DuKE OF York'sIslani), aaifland in the S. Facific Ocean, about 10 miles long, of moderate liei>iht, and flat. The huts are fmall, and neatly made, chiefly of bamboo, and placed under the (hade of a grove of cgjoa-nut trees, with a fence before U U JL -^ — gc, the Royal Exchange, th» Houfc, the Roynl [lofjiital at ^or invalids, ami EITcx Bridije, ivr briiiijci over the Liircy. [)1 Coiumoir, wdidcthovcd by Tiic haiijour is cliokod up nk. ot faiidi, which prtveut I'c burden from ^'oingover the whicii will 1)L- nmedied, no 'line fine projcftci'. iniprovc- blin is 60 niilci V, ofHoly- Ic-, and 3?o N. V. of Lou- |6. 2. \V. lat. 5?. 2;.N. a county of Irdind, in the LfinfttT, 27 mil(!« in length, readth ; bounded on the E. by ^, on the \V. and N. VV. by Ea!l Mcath, and on the S. iv. It contains 8" pariflies, t-towns, and one city, and icmbcrs to parlianrent.' The and fertile in corn and grafb. CitETK, a town ov N. Anie- rtate of Delaware. It carries Table trade with Philadelphia ; ilc. N. \V. of Dover f, a town in Wortofterniire, fiderable market on Saturday. tants have a great manufafture ;1 other iron-wares ; and there lurches placed at each end of ftreet. It is 10 miles N. W, ham, and 110 N. W. of Lon- . 2. o. W, lat. 52. 33. N. rADE. Se« WiCK-DE-DuER. RG, a town of Germany, iit of Clevcs, with a univerfity ; rtQ rircr Roer, near the F 'line, . of Diiffcldorp. 01- York's IsLAVD.anlfland Pacific Ocean, difcovered by I Bvron, ii; 1765, and namc'd tc duke of York. It lies W. he Iflcs of Danger, E. of New )d N. of the Friendly 1 (lands. bers of feafowl were f?en fit^ ir nefts, and fo devoid of fear, id not attempt to ttiove at the of the feamcn, but fufiered to be knocked down, having ;nfion of the mifchief intended gn, that no hiimoii being had ilcen there. The ground was land-crabs, but no other animal Ion. 172. 30. W. lat. 8. o. S. OFYoRK'sIsLAM),auifland cific Ocean, about 10 miles long, e litisiht, and flat. The huts and neatly made, chiefly of ui placLd under the fliadc of cq»oa-nut trees, with a fence before ^ D U L before them, within which the ground is well-cleared and trodden. In thtle in- dofints, the plantain, banana, yam, liu^r- tane, f-c. arc cultivated with Tome p;iins. lu ihort, the ifland is a p'.rrtit garden, and products, teruie the plants abuvc- mentiontd, betle-nut, mangcts, bread- fruit, and guavas. Tlicre are alfo doi^s, hogs, puuUry, and iinie fpices. Tlie nutmeg was fcen by tapiain Hunter, who anchored in Port ' Hunter Bay, in this ifland, in May i79«- Their canoes arc neatly made, and have an oiitrigt'cr. The natives are flout, well-made, and of a light copp«r colour. They go entirely naked. Their hair is woolly, but they' urtls it with greafc and p^jwder, and make it hang like tandit wicks, or the thrums of a nop revelled ; they are generally as fully »> wdr-red as a beau dred'ed for an aflem- blv , .md none arc I'ten with their hair of Its natural colour. The pov. der is a lime made from fliclls or coral : they gtmially carry it about them in a fmall gourd ; and, when they are hoftilv dilpol'ed, take a (juantity of it in the hollow of thtir hand, from which, with a ftrong hlaft of the inouth, thiy blow it before fhciTi ; and, at a (mall ilillance, it has exadtly the ap- pearance of firing gunpowder, and, no doubt, is meant as a token of defiance. Captain Hunter conjedlures, with good real'on, that what captain Cook (iippofed he faw, on the cnalt of New Guinea, namely, " fire and fmokc ilTuing from a bamboo," was nothing more than the practice obferved here. Their weapons are lances, cither made of a hard wood, like ebony, about 10 feet long, or of bamboo pajinted with hard wood. 1 hey have alfo flings, from which they calf a round pebble nith great force and exa£lnel's ; and a long unhandy kind of club. Moll of them chew the betle, and ufc with it the chenan aud a leaf, as praftifed in the E. Indies ; by which their mouths appear red, and their tcerh, in time, bttoine black. The only mufic.d in(^rumi.nt among them is compofed of feveral hi;llow reeds, of dffflrent lengths, fa!>ened together. This ifland lies be- tween Lord Howe's Group and the S. K. point of New Ireland, Lon. ii;2. 42. E. fat. 4. 7. S. Ddi.as, a village on the N. E. fide of fite ifl'j of Anglc(ey, much fretjiiemed on account of the corn and butter trade ; and upon all the coaft they make fcrn-anies, which are fold to (bapbv;iltrs, glafshoufcs, mclting-houfts, and refiners. Near it is a red ochrcy earth, fit for painting, and veins of Uad-oro. UviUi^usTAPT, a town of Germanv, D U M "" — '"■ ' "*—'" * " in the duchy of Rnmfwick, fubjeft to the elcdtor ot Ment^, feated on the river Whinper, 15 miles E. of Gottingen, and ^on, 10. 14. 130 N. E. of Mtntz. lat. c;i. 28. N. Di'SMEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and bilhopric of Munfter ; iS miles S. W. of the city of that name. DuLVEKTON, a town of Somcrfct- fliire, with a njarket on Saturday. It is feated on a branch of the En, 14 milrs F- of Iiarn(taplu, and 164. W. by S. of Lon- don. Lon. 3. 30. W. lat. 51. 3. N. ^ DuLwiCH, a village of Surry, in the parifh of Camberwell, famous for itj college, founded by Mr. Edward Alleyn, an aftor, and principal performer of Shakfpeare's plavs, in the reign of Eli- fahet.i. He called it, The College of God's Gift, and cnrfoweil it for a maimer, war- den, and four fellows ; three of whom were to be divines, and the fourth an or- ga-.iitt ; for (ix poor men and fix poor wo- intn, and for 12 poor boys, to be educated by two of the fellows. The matter and warden art always to be of the naine of Alleyn or Allen, and to be finglc men. Dulwich was once noted for its medicinal waters. It is five miles S. of London. pUMBAKTOv, a borough, the capital of Dumbartonfhire, in Scotland, feated at the confluence of the Lcven and Clyde, 1 1, miles N. \V, (jf Glafgow. It is an an- cient, fmall, but well-built town, and hat a ftone bridge over the Leven. Its prin- cipal manufadlure is glafs ; but many of the young women are employed in the neighl)ouring print-fields on the banks of the Leven. Dumbarton Caftlc, in whicli a garrifoB is ftill kept, is a place of fome ftrength ; and, in ancient times, wa« deemed imprcj;nable. Its fituation isverr piiturefiiue, being on a ^all rock, tvitfi two tops of unequal liei^;lit, Iteepon everf fide, and riling to the height of 500 feet, amid a plain, unconnefted with any high ground for the (pace of a mile. Lon. 4. 30. W. hi. i;6. o. N. •■ Dt'MnAiiTONsmnK, anciently called Lf.xnox, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Ptrihfhire, on the E. bV Stirlingfliire, on the S. by the counties of Lanerk and Renfrew, and on the \V. by Loch Lnung, which divides, it from Ar- gylpfhire. its grcateft length is 50, miles ; its breadth not above 12. The W. part of this county abounds v.ith great_ mo- rafTes ; but near the rivers it is fertile in corn. Sec Locu Lomond. DfMiiLANE, a village of Scotland, ia Perthfliirc, remarkable for a battle, cciii- monly called the battle of bhcrifF-muir, between D U N betw«n th- .lukc of Arpvir and the re- bels, commanded by tlic cirl of Mar, m ,- , t. At the v.pr" <='''^ «• '•'- '"^.'-'^f,'' of F.ainbur-li. Lon. 4. t. W. Ut. 56. "d"MV!Mimi.in-f, a bnrcugh o'^ Scor- iTiannfAftiinnt^ t>wn, inJ has a yood trnd(i ;„ linen en' i!s pirtKiilarlv vhancr<;. U is phcc of, Charlc. 1. «^'-'-^,.'"»^'' ohce were buried Maknbn and h.^ queen, and fcvtrai ki.>-;s of Scotland. It is 15 miles N. W. of VMu>buii;l.. Lon. 3. 17. Dv-MrRiKS, the capital of a county of tl,c fame name, m Sctlar.d, ieaaj bc- twcrn two hills, on '^'^ '^''''^^'^ l''' a ruyal bomugh, and a rej;ular well-bu.lt town. The ancient ftonc bridge of nine Irches over the KnK w-.s to be taken down in .-89, and rebuilt at the joun ex- igence of government, and of the ne gh- I'unn, gentlemen Du,.fr,es is eight n,iles N. of Snl-.vay Frith, «"'\j^- W- N. W. of Carliflc. Lon. 3- 19- W. lat. 55. "buMFUir.ssuiPr, a county of Scot- land, bounded on the N. by the (hires of UU andPeeoles, onlheKbythofe of Selkirk and Roxburgh, -"i /^e S. by SoKvay Frith, and on the W. by the counties of Kirkrudbnght and Ayr It is .0 nnles lone, and us greatcft breadth is 30. See AsNANOALE and NiTl.s- ''^DvKM.n-lVTiM-noi.F, f^ve miles from Lancafter, a gieat natural curiofuy, bein-'acavc at the toor of a mountain, luio xvhicli a mr^e bro<:k runs, after it has driven a mill near tlie entrant It con- tinues its courfe about two miles under ground, and tl en ;ppenrs at Carnforu, a Villare in the road t.^ Kendil. Tae en- trance is a rugL-ed pai^as;* from the mill, that defcends about ten yards pcrpendicu- Inr, through chinks ui the rocks, and clu-nps of trees. Sone of the vaults are fo hil'h, tint they rclemble the roof of a churdi ; -.md in other parts fo low. that vQU raul^ creep on vour hands and feet to rafs'bv The w.i'fr diopomg from the rocks has an awful and pleatjng found. Pi-MBAR, a royal borourji '.f Sr^tun^ in H^dd;ngtonfhirc, fe^w.d near tUe G.r,nan Oce.n, where there 1^ a good Jkafb'-jr, which v.-'as lormctiy vV.:c;!v.vJ DUN hv a rnftlc built on a rock, wliofe ruins are 11,11 remaining. It is a well-built town, and lias an cxtenfive fi(h trade. Under the rock, on which the caflle liands, are two natural arches, through which the tide llows. Between the har- bour anil the caOle, is a ftrafiin of vad bafaltic columns of red grit (lone. Dun- bar IS rcmarki'.bic for the defeat of John Ihli'il's :nmv by carl Warrcnne, in 1:9'', and for a vidory gained here by Crom- wrU over the Scots in 1650. It is z; miles E. of Edinburgh. Lon. 1. 3.1. VV. lat. s6. o. N Dt'VC^NNON, a fortrefs, and town of Ireland, in the county of Wexford, feated on the river Rofs, fix miles E. of Water- ford. I.on. 6. 46. W. lat. =;i. 1*. N. DrNTiAi.K, a feaport of Ireland, in the countv of Louth, on a bay of the fame name,' 10 miles N. N. W. of Drogheda. Lon. 6. 17. W. lat. ■;4. li. N. DuNDT K, a royal borough of Scotland, in the (liire of Angus. It is a large and flouri(hing town, with an excellent har- bour. The new church and the town- houfe are elegant ftniftures. The lofry Gothic fquare tower, in the middle of the town, is part of a magniiicent eonlecrafed edifice, built in the izth century. The chief manufaaurcs of Dundee are glafs, Ofnaburghs or coarCc linen, fail-doth, cor. dago, coloured and white thread, buck- ram, tanned leather, (hoes, and hats. There is aUb a fugar-houl'e here, and the inhabitants are computed at i6,o'0. Dun- dee is feated on the N. fide of the fritii of Tay, 14 miles N. W. of St. Andrew's. Lonri. s^ W. lat. s6- S^*- N. ^ Dt'MKnt'RG, a town of Livonia, on the river Dwina, 90 miles S. E. of Riga. Lon. 27.0. E. lat. 56.8. N. DuNGANs'ON, a town of Ireland, in the county of Tyrone, 11 miles N. N. W. of Armagh, Lou. 6. 39. W. la^- u- ■iH. N. DuN'GARVON, a town of Ireland, in the county of Warerford, feated on Duii- garvon Bav, n miles S. W. of Water- ford. Lon. 7. i9- W. lat. 51. 6. N. Dt'NGFNF.ss, a cape, on the coaft of Kent, eight miles S. by W. of Romney. Lon. I. 4. F" lat- 50- 51- N- . ■■■ DvNiPACK, two noted artilicial nills, in Scotland, on the N. lidc of the Carroii, near its junftion with Uonny-water. Thefc two mounts, covered with trees, a cluirch between them, and the river wind- in? through the vale, form a beautifully pi.->urefiiuc (cenc. DuSKKLD, a town of Scotland, in the {hire of Perth, fituated dmid vaft njcks, D-rMy naked, and parllv wooded, urid^r ^ ' winch U N t on a rock, ^vhofL• ruins ing. It is a wtll-huilt an cxrenrive fifh trade. k, nn which the caflic natiirni arches, throut^h llnws. Between tlic liar- lOle, is .1 ftrat'iin of vail of red yrit ftonc. Dun- le for the defeat of John ' carl Warrcnne, in iigfi, ry gained here by Crom- Srois in i6;o. It is 2; iinbur^h. Lon. z. 3.1. \s, a fortrefs, and town of fourty of Wexford, feated ifs, fix miles E. of Water- 46. VV. lat. c,i. if,. N. a feaport of Ireland, in the th, on a b■^y of the fame- . N. N. W. of Drcghedi. i.it. i;4. II. N. royal bonjiigh of Scotland, Angus. It is a larg>- and n, with an excellent har- cw church and the town- am ftruftures. The lofty tower, in the middle of the if a rnagniiirent confecrafed n the i2fh century. The ures of Dundee are giafs, coarfe linen, fail-doth, cor, 1 and white thread, buck, leather, fhoes, and bars. a fai;ar-houi'e here, and the ompuicd at ift.oro. D'ln- on the N. fidf of the fritii Ics N. W. of St. Andrew's. ^ lat. ^6. 30. N. c;, a town of I.ivonia, on na, 00 miles S. E. of Riga, lat. 56.8. N. OS, a town of Ireland, in Fyrone, 11 miles N. N. W, Lon. 6. 39. W. laf. e,^.. ~>s, a town of Ireland, in IVaterford, feated on Dun- :i inilos S. W. of Water- 29. W. lat. 52. 6. N. s, a cane, on the coaft of ilcs S. by W. of Romney. at. 50. 51. N. :t:, two noted artificial hills, the N. lidc of the Carron, ^ion with lionny-water. lunts, covered with trees, a 1 them, and tlic river wind- le vale, form a beautifully nc. a town of Scotland, in the , r^tuated amid v;ift rocks, and parlly wooded, «nphich the Tay rolls its trajtftic dream. Iti romantic fituation, and tlie benefit of drinking j^iutw whey, renJcr this place the rcfort of much genteel company in the (tiinmcr feafon. Duiikeld is the inaikct- town of the Highlands on that fide, and ( jrries on a manul'atlirre of linen. The duke of Athol has a line feat lierc, in a I'eautiful valley, fkicened by tlic (iiampiaii moimtains. Tlic rain* of a (.aihedral, al- mi.ll concealed by wood, ftand near the huure. i'art of this ancient (Irui'lure is iiiiw the parilh church. Dunkcld is 12 miles N. or Penh. Lon. 3. jo. \V. lat. 56. 3S.N. Dunkirk, a cohfiderable town of 1- ranee, in the dtp:iriMi.nt of the North anci late French I'laiiders. It wis taken troin the Spaniards bv the Kn^'Jilh and French in i6i;», and [)iit into the hands of the Engliili, but fold to the French by Charles II. in 1662. Lewis XIV. foon made it one of the ninll rtfpeiUbIc and bcft fortilied ports in the kii|j;dn:;i. IJuc all thefc Vdll and expenfive works were demoliflicd, and the balins filled up, in confequeiice lA' the treaty of Utrecht, in 17 13. The Freuvh afterward rckuned the works ; but they weic ordered to be dcmolilhed by the peace cf 1763, when it was ftipulated thxt an l'"n;;liu'i comiuiflury llioulJ rcfide at Dunkirk, in order to fee tiiat the terms of the treaty were lirii'lly adhered to. But, by the peace of i7SJ3, the Kngliili conuiiiliary was withdrawn, and the Freiieh were Ifft to refume the works. The Eii;.;lilh laid ficjje to this place, in i7<)5,but were obliged, by a luperior army, to abandon it. It is 11 miles S. W of Ollcnd. Lon. 2. zS. E. lat. ^i. 2. N. Dl'N-i.k-roi, a fmall town ;if France, ill the department of Cher and late pro- vince of Berry, 20 miles S. of Bourses. Lon. 2. 29. E. lat. 4'j. 4^, N. ' DuNi.op, fometimes pronounced Delap, a vilhtre of Ayrlliirc, in Scot- land, in the dilinrt of Cunnin;.;ham ; cele- brated for rich niiil delicate cliecfe. DuNMOw, Gri:at, a town of EflTex, wiih a market on Saturday. It has amanu- f.K'lory of bays, and is 13 miles N. of Chelmsford, and 40 N. E. of London. Lon. o. 24. K. lat. 51. J4. N. ■ Dl'Nmow, Littlk, a village in F-ITcx, adjoining to Great Dunniow. It had once a priory ; and is Uill famous for the cuftom iuftiruted in the reign of Henry III. by Robert dc Fit/.waltcr, and now the tenure of the manor ; namely, chat whatever married couple will go to the priory, and fvvear, kneeling upon two fharp-pointed ftones in the church, that they iiave not quarrelled, nor repentid — DUN of their marriage, within a vear «nd a duy alter it took plue, liiall receive from the lord of tlic manor a tiiti h of lacon. S)me old records mention fevcral that have claimed ..lul received it. It hal been aftually received lb Litely as fincc the year i7;o, by a weaver and his wife, of Ciiggellial, in ElTex. I. has bten N. W. of Taunton, and i-,S W. of Lun- don. Lon. 3. 41. W» lat. ;i. i^.N. DuNwii.-ii, a borough of Suffolk, with 3 market on Saiurday. It is feated at tfie top of a looie cliff, and was formerly of good acc.un;, having; been a bilhop'» f«c, » but D U R trat it is now only the remain's of n town, «lll)Ut uvo parilhcs bcinj,' iwallowtd u;) oy the Tea. 'Huir only bufinels is filhing fur herrings, mackerel, lolcs, fprats, &-c. It is 14 miles S. of Yarmouth, and 99 N. of London. Lon. i. ^c.E. lat. 52- l'-^- DuRANGO, a populous town or bp:.in, in the province of Bifcav. i4mil«'' S- ^- "' Bilboa. Lon. 2. 56- '^^'- ta*; 43 ■ 'S- N. . DuRANGO, a town of N. Americs, in ?J«v Bifcay, with a bifliop's fee, and good fah-works, in a fertile country. Lon. fos- «. W. lat. 14- ?.o- N. DuR A/.7,o, a village of Turkey m Ku- repe, in Albania, with a Greek archbi- shop's fee. It has a n\ined fortrels and a good harbour on the eulf of Venice. It is 50 miles N. nf Valoiu. Lon. 19. tg. E. lat. 41. =;4- N. ^ ^ , , ,. DuRH""!", a town of the duchy of l.ux D Y S Yorkdiire and the river Tecs; and on the W. by Wcllmorland and Cuiiibcr- l,iid. It extendi 37 mi'cs from N. to S. and 47 from K. to W. It is fitu-ucd hi the diocel'e of its own name, and c ,1- tains one city, feven market-towns, an-l 113 parilhes, but fends only fmir mem. bers to p;vrliamcnt. The air is whole - foine, and though very (iiarp in the welU ern parts, is milder toward the fea, whofe warm vapours mitii^ate the fcverity of the winter leafons. Tlie foil is veny various; tlit weRern fide being moun- tainous and barren, while the eaftern and fouthcrn particularly refemble the S. ot England, andconlift of beautiful meadow?, rich pattures, woods, and corn-fields. Ini- mtnie qu;mtitics of coal, lead, and iron, arc found in the bowels of ^the carta. The principal rivers arc, the Were, Tees, .mK"capi.: of a ;^t7of\he liime Tyne; and berwent emburi,, capital 01 y Dursley, a ton vame. It was wded to France in 1698, »nd is featcd on the river Outre, 20 miles S. of Liege. Lon. .;. zS. E. lat. =;8. 18. N. DuRCKEiM, a town of Germany, in the Palatinate, i z miles N. E. of Neulladt, Lon. 8. 21. E. lat. 49. ifi-N. DuREN, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Juliers, on the river Rocr, 11 miles S. of Juliers, Lon. 6. 40. E. lat. ^°DuKHAM, the capital of the binmpric €,{ Durham, with a market on Saturdav. It is a bilhop's fee, and a confiderable place. Dursley, a town of Glouccftcrfliirc;. with a market on Thurfd;iy. It is featcd near a branch of the Severn, and has a calcic, now in ruins. It is inhabited oy clothiers ; and is 13 miles S. W. of Giou- celler, and 107 W. of London. Lon. 2. 23. W. lat. 51. 40. N. Dussti-uoiu', a ftrons town ot Ger- many, capital of the duchy of Berg, bj- lon^nng to the Eleftor Palatine, whole palace is very handfome, and adorned with tine pifturcs. It is featcd on the "y^^"' Duffel, near the Rhine, 21 miles N. W. Viifhnn s fee. and a connaeranie i-»uiiti, i.va. v..- — , -- Malv b'uit on a beautiful of Cologtic. L-. 6. 52. E. ht -S.. ■ N^ "'■fa" ■!.. .^/-- u._i.. _,,. iiiiTi ivni-v. a town ot Ocunanv, in winding of the Were, whofe banks arc covered with wood.,, and edged with lofty crags. Its cathedral is a large and magnificent edifice. The buildings of the city, in general, arc old. It has two ftonc bridges over the Were, is lur- roundcd bv a wall, and has a caftle, now the bifhop's palace, featcd on the lughelt part of the hill. It contains fix parilh churches, befide the cathedral, and is well inhabited. Durham has a mauufaftory «f Ihalloons, tammies, and calamancoes. Around it arc grown lirgc quantities ot the bed mulhrd. Nevil's Crois, near this city, was erc£ted ii. memory of the great •viaory obtained bv queen Philippa, m J 346, over Divid Bruce, King of Scotland, who was taken prifoner in this baiilc. Durham fends two members to parliament ; i« 14 miles S. of Newcaftle, and 2^7 N- by W. of London. Lon. 1. 17.- W. lat. 54. 50. N. Durham', a county of England, eora- monly called the bifhopric of Durhani, bounded on the N. by Northunib:ri;u>d, from which it is feparated on the N. h.. \,y the river Tyne; on the E. by the German Ocean j on the S. and -a. V\ . 6/ DuTLiKt-.EX, a town of Germany, in Suabia, with a bridge over ths Danube, and a calilc, featcd on a mountain. It be- longs to tlie duke of Wirtemburg, and is 33 "miles N. W. of Conftance. Lon. 9. i. E. lat. 48. 10. N. D1JVIVEI.ANI), or DivF.i.AS-n, one of the iilands of Zcnland, ir, the United Provinces, E. of Sdionen. from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. DwiNA, a province of Ruiha, in the government of Archangel ; bounded on the E bv the province of Condinlki, on the b. by U (liner, on the W. by K.irgapol, and on the N. by the White Sea. Archangel is the capital. „ ^. Dwi\ A, a nver of the RulTiSn empire, which rur'. hvm S. to N. and falls into the Whi'.u -.ca, a little below Aixhaiigcl. D .'• i;- I, a river which rifus in Lithu- ania, and running N. W. divides Livonia from Courland, and falls into the Baltic, at D'-inamundarforr, below Riira. . DysaRT, a borough of Scotland, m Fifcfiiirc, Icatcd on the N. coaft of thj Forth, 1 1 miles N. of Edinburgh. It has a confiderable trade in coals. Lon. 3. 6. W. lat, s5, 9. N. » EARL D Y S the river Tees; anJ on .'■clhiiDrland ami Cuiiibcr- idi 3 7 miles from N. to S. K. to W. It is fnuntcd of its own nnmc, and cs from a lake of the fame bclon-ing t the court of Vicuna, in name in the S. W. of rerthflure, nuanders Lower Aufuia, leated on the Danube, beautifully for above 20 miles, throu-h nine miles E. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 34. E, the charminL' valley ,of Strathearn, and lat. 4S. S. N. joining the Tay below Perth, falls into Eberstkin', a d'^rift of Germany, the frith to winch thit river gives in Suabia, {uhy-H to the margrave of B.i- den. The cilUe of Eberllein is the name. , , • . Earke, a i';reat lake of Ireland, in the county of Fenn,ana;^h, 30 milts in length. It is narrow in the middle ; and in this part is an ifland on which ftands Inni- ^'"'"S- . , XT ■ 1 Eamn'(;woi n, a town in the rs- rid- ing of Yorkfiiire, whofe market is dif- ukd. It is 12 miles N. of York, and 210 N. of London. Lon. i. 4. W. lat. 54. to. N. EAsriiot-'RN', a town of Suffex, whofe market is difontin'iul. It is featcd ncaf chief place, and is fix miles S. E. of Baden. Lon. !j. 20. E. lat. 4S. 4ft. N. Ehi;rstein', a town of France, in Alface, eight miles S. W. of Straftmrg. Lon 7. 46. E. lat. 4;:. 29. N. E urn VI I., n town of France, in the dep.irtment of Puy-de-Donie and late province of Auver^ne, with a Utc rick BcJiediftinc abbcv. It is icatcd on the river Scioule, eight miles from Riom. Lon. 3. 1 ^. E. lat. 4;. i;;). N. Enito, i celebrated river of Spain, the fca, and is chicHy noted for the plenty whic'.i riles on the confines of Old Caf- of bird's hereabout called wheateais, and tile, in the mountains of Santillanc, and as a place of refort fur bathing. It is is "' ' ' " .-"..i—.- miles E. S. E. of Lewes, and 65 S. S. K. Lon. o. 22. E. lat. 50. 'i I '4 palling through Arragon and Catalonia, talis into tke Mediterranean, above Tor- tofa. ■ ECATERRINEK.L.AF. Scc Ca- T II A :(. t K E N S L A F . Eci'LKSHAL, a town of StafTordfhire, with a fmall maiket on Fridav. ft is fcated on a branch of the river Sow, .^nj the biiliop of Lichlield and Coventry has a caftle here, where he refidcs. It is fiic mihs N. W. of Stafford, and 143 N. ^V. of London. Lon. 2. g. W. lat. s ;. 2. N. EccLF.sTON, a town of Lancaihiro, wh.'fe market is difcontinued. k is 24. miles S. of Lancafter. Lon. 2. 55. W. lat. s?. 40. N. EoKTF.R^AC, a town of Auftrian Luxemburg, on the river S.ure, in a valley m of London. 49. N. Easter Islakd, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 12 leagues in cir- cuit. It has a hilly and ftony furface, and an iron-bound fhorc. The hills arc of luch a height, as to be fcen 15 or 16 leagues. It affords neither I'afe anchorage, frefh water, nor wood lor fuel. It is the lame that was feen bv Davis in 16S6 : it vas next vifitcd by Ro,rgewein in 1722, and again by captain Cook in 1774- 1'^^ countrv is naturally barren, and without wood :' what little it yields muft be raifed by cultivation. Rats are the only quad- riipeds, and there are but few birds. The cars of thefe people are long beyond furroundcd by mountains, 18 mile? N. E. proportion, and their bodies are" fcarcely of Liixcmburg. Lon. 6. 33. E. kt. 49. any thing of the human figure. Lon. 109. 50. N. / y^' i^r_ J-. , s. Ecya, or E/.rjA, an cpifcopal town EasV LooE. See LoOE, East, and of Spaio, in AnJalufia, fcjted on the river i^ E D D ^""^ river Zcnll, iS mile? S. W. of CurJjva. Lon.4- J7. W. lal. 37; 39-N. Edam, a town of Holland, f.imoiis for its chctlcs ; Icatid on tlic Zuidcr Z^s, io miles N. K. of Amftcrdam. Lon. 4- 5S. E. lat. 51. 3i- ■^J- ^■—■—- E D I "'^' the internal, iiul the other for the external pin of the llrutturc. Upon the principle of ii broad baft, and accumulation of ra-.ittcr, the whole, to the height of 35 feet from the founi'.ation, is a folid of Uone', engrafted into each other, and unit- TTui'.VbToNK. the name of f„me td by every means of addhional (trengti ■*-■"'.. , ..' ,-,, 1 - i.;.i. „,» Tl-,,. l„,;i.l,„.f liQ^ f.iiir rnnms. r,ne over tr rocks in the Enjiliih Channel, which are lo called, from the great variety of coii- tr irv fits of the tide or current in their vici.ntv. Tliev are fituated nearly S. S. \V. from the middle of Plymouth Sound. Their dirtance from the port of Plymouth is abrut 14 miles. They ar ■ The buildm;^ has f , ,• ,i.,ri _ ,,ru . and. in a nrobabi- rcurly in the direftiun of veffels coalhng up iind down the Channel, were nccelTa- rily, before the ert.ihlilhmcnt of a htjht. lioufc, very_ dcHigcrous, and often fatal to (flip?. Thi'ir fituation with regard to the bay "f l^i'"-'V and the Atlantic is the fm;dleft injury ; and, in all probabi- hty, as Mr. Smeaton thought, nothing but ,in earthquake can dellroy it. Its dittance from ths Ram. llesl, the nearcft point of land, is u| miles, Kde.v, ariver which rifcs in Weftmor- u h, Lt thev he open to the fwelh of land, on the- couRnes of Yorkdnre, and lULd, 11 • 1 r,..,.\, ,,,„„ r,,r TJ U\i At>r,ifnv and t-arhlle. rails that bay and ocean, from all the fouth wcP.crn points of the compafs, fo that all the heavy fcas from the fouthwLft: ccme uncontrclKd upon the Eddyllone rocks, and break thereon with the utnioft fury. Wh.cn the fea is to all appear- ance fmooth and even, and its iurlacc vnruffled by the flighicft breeze, the Kiound-f'.veil meeting the fl.-pe of the rocks, the fea beats upon tiiem in a iri-iit- ful minner, fo as to obftiurt any work being done on the rock, or even i,ini!-..g upon it. On this principi, rufk, liow- tver (fi:r the relt arc under .va-er) Mr. Henry VVinlfanley, in 169'., undertook to build a h^hthoufe'; and lie cnnpleted it in 1-00 Tliis ingenious mcehaiiic was lo certain of the Italiility ot this llruaure, that he declared it was his wilh to be ir, running N. by Appicby and CarUile, falls into the Solway Frith. ■■ EuENToV, a town of N. Carolina, in N, America, fituated on the I^. fi^de of Albemarle Sound. It his 1 jo indifferent wooden houl'cs, a few handfome Iniildings, and a brick epifcopal church. Its fitiia- tion is .idvantageous for trade, but not for health. It is the county town of Chowan Crunty, It is 78 miles S, by W. of Wil'.iamiliurgh. Lon. lb. 4°. VV. lat. 35. 5S'. N. F.Dtatn.T., a village near Kenton, it^ Warwickifiire, where^the firft battle was fought between the forces of Charles I. and thoi'e of the parliament, in 164:. It is 14 miles S. of Warwick. Lon. i. 33. W 6. N. that he declare.! it was ..,. w,„. .0 .. ... Edgw ark, a town in Middlcfex, ^vlth k duriU th moft tremendous ftorm that a market on Thurfday, It is eiglvt mile, could Snen. Unfortunately, he had his N. W, o London. Lon. o. .4. W. lat. wilh. It was deltroyed in the dnadlul ^i. 57. J. form, November ir, 1703, «hen he ncriihed with it. in 1709. Hnnther bui.t of wood, but on a diffefent eonfirua,on, XV .IS freikd by Mr. John Rudyard, wh.ch was confumed by fire in 1 75 ?• A'lof ''■f, of ftone, wa- begun by the late ccleoratcd Mr. John Smc'atop, on the 2d of April ,-57, and hiiilhed Auguft S4, »7'9- Tne rock which Hopes toward the S. W. is cut into horizontal ftcps, into wr.ich arc dovetailed, and uniud by a (h-.ng cement, rorllmd (lone and grani'c : for Mr. Smeaton dilcovtrcd, that i; was impol- fib'.e to m^kc u!e of the furmcr entirely, as a marine animal has power to deftioy_ it • and of the Latter, as the labour ot workmg It would have .added to the ex- I. 37. 'J. Edin!u;roh, the capital of Scotland, fituated in a county of the fame name, on three hilh, or riugcs, which run from E. 10 W. in a dircttion almoft parallel. On the middle ridge, which is narrow and Iteep, ftands.thc Old Town. The North Town is leatcdon an elevated plain, gently Hoping on every fide ; and the S. part of the city l\ands' alfo on a fimilar Hoping eminence. The fituation of the Old Town is very pecidiar and llriking. A fine ftreet, a mile in length, and generally ()0 feet broud, extendi from the caftlc, on the VV. fummit of the hill, to Ilolyrood Houfc. It is called the High Street. On each fide of this ftecp hill, the houfes form narrow lanes, which arc caller, clofes. ;™"r.:ru;;::u.;„;s»rf:r „r.;c„d N.„ds. M»,.f.i.,:«.,j E D I " 1 tlie other for tlic cxtcrnil tturc. Upon the principle all, and accumulation of I'jle, to tiic litight of 3 5 I'uiuK'.ation, is a folid of d into each otlitr, and unit- ans of additional fticngtli. as four rooms, riiic over th« e top a gallery and lantern. arc tl.it above, but con- and aru kept from prcHing ; of the building by a chain ills. It is nearly 8o fett been ftandmg 34 years ; me it Iiai been aliaulted by elements, without futfering ijury ; and, in all probabi- neaton thought, nothing but can detlroy it. Its diftance 1 Heal, the nearcft point of iles, er which rifcs in Weftmor- confinei of Yorkfliire, and jr Appleby and Carliile, falls ly Frith. l^■, a town of N. Carolina, a, fituatcd on the N. fide of und. It his 150 indifferent ;s, a few handfome buildings, pifcopal church. Its fitua- agcous for trade, but not for the county town of Chowan is 7H miles S, by VV. of h, Lon, 76. 40. W, iat. 35. ., a village near Kenton, in •e, where the firft battle was cen the forces of Charles I. of the parliament, in 1642. cs S. of Warwick, Lon. i. :;;. 6. N. ; t,, a town in Middlcfcx, with ThurfUay. It is eight mile* ,ondon, Lon, o. 14, W, Iat. !ioH,thc capital of Scotland, a countv of the fame name, Ih, or riui!;cs, which run fromi n a dircttion almoft parallel. Jlc ridge, which is narrow and ..the Old Town. The North xdonan elevated plain, gently very fide ; and the S, part of nds' nlfo on a fimilar Hoping rhc fuaation of the Old Town ;iiliar and llriking, A fine iiile in length, and generally ad, extend;, from the caftlc, on mmit of the hill, to Ilolyrood is called the High Street. ;!e of this flecp hill, the houfes w lanes, which arc callcii clofcs, . N. and S. Many c»f them are very E D I Very lofty, but fo crowded, and as it were, fd upon each other, th;it they are fir from being diftinguifhcd either for clc- ncc or cleanlineli. The firm of tlvj Old Town rcfeinblts that of a turtle ; the cilUe being the litad ; the High Street, tiie ridsjc of the b:ick ; the cljfe?, the Dielving )i.lc> ; and Holvroul Houfe, the tail. Oa each fide uf this liill was ontc a lake. The S. valley, diaiii'.d of its \v:irej-s, is occupied bv Cowgate Street. The N, valley is ali'i drained ; but a difa'^eeihlo morafs reunins, which is ftill called the N. Loch. The nncknt caftle (the origin of which no hiftorian c; n trace) is fcated on a high, craggv, and precipitous rock, with a drawbridge on tliv onlv fide that IS accclfible. In former times, therefore, it was deemed impregnaiiie. The vifit >r3 10 tills eaftle arc here Ihown the apart- ment in whicii was born Janus \'I. of Scotland, afterward James I. of l^ngl.iiid. On the S. fide of the High Street is the ancient church of St. Giles, a fine Gothic llrufturc, which has four churches under its roof. Near this is the builJing in which the Scotch parliament were ulu;illy convened. It is now occupied by the courts of juftice ; and its magnificent lofty hall merits particular attention. The palace of Holyruod Houfe f.irins a grand quadrangle, -vith a court in the centre furrounded by piaz-zas. The N. W. towers were built by James V. and the whole was ccmphted in the reign of Charles II, A fpacious gallery here is hung with the pictures of 1 1 1 monarchs, from Fergus [. to James V'l. the greateft part of them imaginary. In th : N. W. tower ii ihown the chamber w' "re queen Mary fat at fupper, when Riz/.io was dragged from her fide and murderTj, and the private ftaircafe by which Ruthven entered with the affiUins, to perpetrate the ruthlel's deed. Adjoining arc ihe magnificent ruins of an abbev, founded l)y David I. in 112S, and converted by Charles II. into a royal chapel. The communication between the N, and S, parts of Edinburgh is by two noble bridges ; the N. one built in irdi, and the S. in 17S;. The N. Town has many new fquares ;;nd ftrcets, adori^cd with uniform and elegant houfes. Tl-.e build- ings of the S. Town arc likewifc ele- gant and extenfive, though not equal to thofe of the N, But, in this part, the New College will foon form a very ftriliing objeft. It was begun, in 1789, on the elegant plan of the late Mr, Robert Adam. The mcft liberal fubfcriptious from pcrfons of all ranks, and even from the E. Indies, have been procured fjr this G R .npirtant work. Of tlu uni/rrfirv rf Edinburgh it will be fufficient to obferve, that it is celebrated in all (luaricrs of the world ; a'ui its mcdiral I'chool, in oarticii! ir, is entiiled to the firft rank. Oriheotlur liuildiiigs In Ediiiburi'h, a fe'v uiilv c\r^ be mentioned ; namely, the lloya! E.x.- cl.ange,bijik ill i:?j ; the Regilkr Ofn.r ; the I'.iyfieian's Hall ; lleilot's Hulpit-.l, A beautiful Gotliic llru'''liire, founded in itiS, tor the education of i.|o po'jr boys ; %\'3tfon's Ilo'pital, f.-r the I'lipi^i-t of the fijns of decnvtd merchants ; t'vo hofpitals for girls ; three charitv work- hoafv-s ; an almfhnife ; an hofpital t'or orplians ; a Royal Infirmarv, incorpora'cl by charter in 1736 -, and the Pubix Dil- p^nfary. The churches, both pretliy- terian and epifcop.il, and oth;r places of wordiip, of various den':miiiations, r.rc numerous. The public places of ainnl'j. ' mcnt are, the AITemblv Rooms, the Con- cert Hail, the 11 dl for the Roval Arch- ers, th':; Theatre Royal, and the Rqiicf- trian Circus. Edinburgh, with its de- pend>'ncies, is fuppofed to contain 100,300 inl;abitants. It is fupplied with water, conveyed in call -iron pipes, from Comil- ton, four miles to the \V. It is u'^iverned by a Lord Provoft, four bailiffs, and * common counril, and fends one inemboT to parlir.ment. It is two miles S. of Lcith, 1:4, W. N. W. of Berwick upon Tweed, and 3S9 N. by \V. of London. Lon. 3, 7. \V. Iat. 35. 5S. N. See Leitii. ■ Edinburghsiiiki;, a ounty of Scotland, I ailed alio Mill I.oihian ; b' und- ed on the N. by Fifefiiire, from which it is divided by the frith of Forth ; on the E. by the fliiies of Haddington and Ber- wick ; on the S. by that of Peebles ; and on the N. and N. W. by the counties of Lancik and Linlithgow. Its length, be-' twcen the extreme points, is 35 miles ; its greatell breadth 16. ' Edn'am, a village of Scotland, near Kelfo, in Roxliurgiliire, on the N. fide of the Tweed. It is the birth;;lace of the poet Thornibn. ErKERDiNG, a town of G;rniany, in Upper Aufiria, eight iniies \V. of Lint/ ; defended by two caftlos. Lon. 13. 52, E. Iat. 4S. i3. N. ■■ Egg, a fertile little ifland, one of the Hebrides of Seorland, to the S. of the ifle (>f Skvc. E(;i.isow, an ancient town of Swif- fcrland, in the canton of Zurich, featcd on the Pviiine. Lon. S. 30. E. iat. 47. 33. N, EoR\, a handfome and ftrong town of Bohemia, f irrntrly iirpcrial. It was taken bv tiic French in 1741, but they wera O f„r.'.d liJ' IHH^ ■flS#iilfiiS'- ; r 4j ; ,i'.' ■ ;jj r ^'; ' -;<:j'S- ' . ' i ' E G Y ♦crcH w evacuate it the next yenr. It eintains a number of ingenious artittj, a,.a Its minc.vl waters are famous. U M liiuta on the river Kger, 9;', "';'" ^^ • of Pragut?. Lon. 11. 40- i'-" '"• S'- ''Egrfmokt, a town in Cumberland, vith a market on Saturday. It is teated n„t far from the fta, on the banks of a river, over which are two bridges ; and en the top of a p<-.ked hill is a t.ronR ea;'>le Ii fcnt m::i.il)ei-s to parliamnit in riie reign of E.lw.rd I. but never f.nce. It is ,; miles S. W. by S. of Cocker, inouth. amUgoN.W. of London. Lcn. EoYrT, a country of Africa, loo miles in length, and .,0 '^^ ^!?^'^'\''''^^,l^ bro.deH; bo.m.kd on the N_ bv the A e- diterran.at,, on .he S. by Nub.a, un the E bv the Red Sea and the idiiirius of Suez.^ndon the W ^X ^l^* '^'f" " The E. of Fi7/an. The hroadell par i, from Altxr.idria to Damietta, and thtuce ft gradually grows narrower, till ;, apprnacts Nubia. This country, fo famrusin hiftoiy, has not un extent pro- portionablc to the dclcription the ancients have eiven of it ; namely, that it contained ,o,ocotowns or cities; that the number •<^ the inhabitants amounted to Itverai riiUion^ ; that the kings kept arm.e, of ,00,000 men, and fx.cu'ed the prodieiou. works, whofe n.a.'ninccnt ruins arc Ihll ,„,aining : but when we confuler the fertility of the country, that not a foot of Eround remained uncultivated, and thut there was a great numbcrot canah, wh.ch are now filled up, their accounts do not feeui improbable. Kp^vpt -s divided into the Upper, the Middle, and the Lower ; which^hiit comprehends the Deha. Smce Eevt^t has been under the dominion of the Turks, it has been governed by a balhaw, who refidcs at Cairo Under him are inferior governors, in the feveral parts of thi« country; thole in Upper Egypt are generally Arabs, who pay tribute to the G.and Signior, and make prc<^>«^; t*} the bali.au-, living like l'"!^ tyrants and V,ein<' frequently at war ^v>th each c ther. Befi'ie thtie, there »re leveral (heiks, who nrefide over particular places and are Sers of a Lv villages. Though the air of E-'vpt i^ naturally hot, and not vcrv wh-^elome, .: enjoys lb many other Sdvan.ai-e^. thit it has been always ex- '" ,elv' poiuilous. Their ancient kings ;;;:^';i:t':aithL^Welful«ruaures «erc rai-ed. wlurh we cannot bthuld with- out atton;fh:uent. Thef. .re the pyranuds, — E G Y ^"^ the libyrinth, the immcnfc grottos of thit Thcbai':-, the obelifks, tcmnles, and pon;- ™,us pahices ; the lake Ma-ns, a-id tt:C valt ciinl-, which I'cvved both tor iradv, and to render tlie land fruufid. A;t r • hw coiiuueft, Canit.yrnelis. Th.i country ontm.icd under ll.e I'crfun yOKC till the time of Alevv.ider the T.uat, wlio, having coTjueied I'erl a. balk tii'- eitv ot rtlcxandria. He was lutcceded '^y^''' le.nv, the fc of Lagus 314 vear^ B. L. Ten kin"s o -liat name luccceded e icli other, tilfCleopatra, the fifter of the lad rtulemv, alcendcd the throne ; when Eeypt 'became a Rsman pr-vmcc, and continued fo till the reign of Omar, the Iccond calif of tlic fuccellors of Mahoniet, who drove away the Romans, after it had been in their hands 700 years. When the power of the califs declined, Saladine let up tlic empire of the Mamlouks, which became fo powerful in tune, that they extended their dominions over a great part of Africi, Svria. and Arabia. Laft of all, Selim, a'Tuikilh emperor, con- eiucred Egypt. The prefent populanon of Egypt is computed at 1,300,000. 1 nc inhai-itants are compofcd of four different races of people ; the Turks, who frfUmi to be mafters of the coun:ry ; the Arabs, who were conquered by the Turks ; the Cophts, wlio are defcended from the hrft E" vptians that became Chnltians ; and the M^amlor.ks, who were originally Circaf- fian or Mingrelian flavcs, and being the only military force, arc the reil mafters of the country. Of thele lart, M. Volney obfervcs, that daring the sso Y^rs thev have been eftabHnicd in Egypt, not one ot them has founded a lubfifting family ;, not one family exi'.ts m the fecund generation ; but all their children oerilh in the hrft or fecond year. The method o: perpetual mg them is the fame as that by wcich tlicy were eftablilhed ; that is, they are kept up by flaveii tranrp..rted from the origi- nal country. The Ralhans hn-e, there- fore, rendered a very important Icrvice to the Turks, by checking the traflic ot (laves in Mount CaucaUis. Egypt has been, for many yciirs, diaraftcd by the civil wars between the different contenel- iniibeys, bv which its tA province's were governed. 'The famous HalTnn Ah, the TurkilU admiral, gained Icvtral viaoncs over them in nib; but though he re- prelTed, he could not totally lubdue them ; and the Ottoman power in \\.i cr;untry is now fuppoied to Ue extremely precarious. Egypt has been ever noted for plenty nt roni, and they had vineyards on the banks of the Nile; but f.nct the Taihs came iht-y ^I1S,.-*.^st- E G Y the immcnfc grottos of the ubclidis, tciiiiilts, and pon;- the likt; Md'iis, ;i'ni tie Inch Icivcd both for tr.id'j, tlie l:uul fri.it fill. A;t r Cam hy lis »lLiiiuhi1itil t;ic lerlLCitid t'lf j-nclts. Th;i .led uiidLf tl.i. I'cifun yoke Alc»<:iiler the Cluiit, who, red I'crl ,i, bailc UK ihv of Jc w.is fui-cccdc-l by !'•')- of Lngii'!, 3i4 ytur> B. C. •Ijjt name lnc>.ct'de(l c iclx opatra, the firttr of the lad '.u'.cd the throne ; when ; A Rim;in province, and .111 the reign of Omar, tlic i( tlie i'uccellors of iVlahomet, way the Romans, after it had • hands 700 years. When the e cahfs declined, Saladine fet ire of t)\e Mamlouks, which powerful in time, that they icir dominions over a great lea, Svria, and Arabia. Lad ni, a Turkilh emperor, cnn- pt. The prefent population computed at 2,303,000. The are compofcd of four different iple ; the Turks, who preUnd rs of the country ; the Arabs, :onquercd by the Turks ; tlie 10 arc defcended from the firft :hat became Chrillians ; and the , who were originallv Circaf- ingrelian (laves, and btinj:; the ry force, arc the reil niaftcrs try. Of thcl'c lalV, M. Volney hat durini^ the ^50 years they tftablidicil in F-S^ypt, not one of ounded a lubfiftini; farntly ; not exilts in the fcccnd generation ; ir children oerilh i.i ilic firft or •. The method o:' perpetual iiig L- fame as that by wuich they )li(hcd ; that is, they are kept es ti-^nrpcried from the orij;!- y. I'hc RilVians hive, thtre- ired a vtry important fcrvice irks, by checking the traffic of Mount Caucal'us. F.gypt has many yci'.rs, diftraftcd by the between the different contcnd- bv which its 2.1. provinces were 'The famous' Hafn.n Ah, the idmiral, gained Icvtral vif^orics 1 in 1786; but though he re- ; could not totally fubdue them ; ittoman power in th;;; cr;untry is jfed to Uc cxtrcttiely precarious. ! been ever noted for plenty cf they had vineyards on the banks lie J but Tinci. the Tuihs came ihty E G Y Uicy are neglefted. A confidcniblc trsdc was carried on her-' in V., India comuiodi- tiei, till the I'ortugiielc fdutul the way round the Cape of Good Hope. How- ever, ilic merchants of Europe vifit the harnours in tlie Mediterranean, ami im- port and export feveral Cort't of nierclwn- difc ; and fr^n other parts the naiives get elephants teeth, eliouy, gold dult, mulk, civet, ambergris, and cotVee. The L'xild dufl is brought from Negroland to Fez and Morocco, and thence to Cairo, over immcnfe deferts. The principal commo- dities which the merchants purehai'e here, are coffee, fenna, catii.i, rhubarb, fal atn- moniac, inyrrh, I'aff'ron, laltpetre, al> eo, opium, indigo, fugar, fandal wood, dates, cotton cloth. Sec. The complexion of the Egyptians is tawny, and the further S. the darker, inrniuch, that thofe on the con- fines of Nubia are almoll black. They arc mod of them indolent and cowardly. The richer fort do nothing all day but '■•ink coffee, fnioke tobacco, and flcvp ; and they arc ignorant, proud, haughty, and ridiculouflv vain. M. Volney obferves, that during eight months of the year, from March to November, the heat, to an Eu- ropean, is almoll infupponsblc. During the whole of this feafon, the air is inflam- ed, the Iky fparkling, and the hciitoppref- five to uil unaccuftomed to it. The other months are more temperate. The S. winds are by the natives called " poifonous windj," or " the hot winds of the delLrts." They are of fucli extreme heat and aridity, that no animated b(xly oipofed to it can with- (fand its fatal influence. During the tliree days that it generally laffs, the itreets are defcrted ; and woe to the traveller whom thi? wind furprifcs remote from (lielier. Wlicn it exceeds three days, it is infup- portable. The inhabitants are often al- moil blinded by drifts of land. It rjins very feldom in Egypt; but that want is happily fupplied by the annual inundation of the Nile. When the waters retire, al- the ground is covered with mud j t1ien they only harrow tlieir corn intuit, with- out farther trouble, and, in the following March, they have ufually a plentiful har- vcft. Their rice fields are fupplied with water from canals and refervoirs ; bccaufe rice never thrives but in watery grounds. There is no place in the world better furniflied with corn, flefh, fith, fugar, fruits, and all forts of gardcn-ftulf ; and in Lower Egypt they have oranges, le- mons, figs, dates, almonds, calhs, and plantains, in great plenty. The fands are fo ibbtile here, that thev infinuatc thcmlelvcs into the dofets, chelU, and cabinets, wliich, together with the iiut E I F winds, arc probably the caufe of fore ejrei bein^; fo very common here. The larjjell of the pyramids takes up ten iures of ground, and is, as well a^ tiic rel;, built upon a rock ; the external part m clii-.riy -.f large Hpiare fluncs, of unctiwal fu'cs, and ttis height of it about 7-0 feet. Tliere .ire caserns, out of which they get the mummies, or embalmed dead bodies, whieli are found in coffins let upright m the niches of the walls, and havecontiiiucd tlitre at leaft 4000 years. Many of thele have l)cen brought to pjii;land. and were f'ormerlv deemed of great ule in nieoi- cinc. Tin; animals found in Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes, apes v. itli thu head like a tiu^'s, camels, black cattle, fine horfes, and Jarue aflTes ; crocodile^, which were once thought peculiar to thiit country ; the hippopotamus, (.rriver-hurle; / the eameiion, aiid u kind of rat called le.n- * lieuiiion ; oftriches, eaglcr, hawks, peli- cans, water-fowls of all kinds, and the ibis, which rclembles a duck, and was dei- fied by tlie ancient Egyptians, on account of its deftroying ferpcnts and noxious in- fers. They have a llrpent here called the ceralles, or burned viper (perhaps tiis alpic which Cleopatra employed to pro- cure her death) whofe bite is fHtal to thole who have not the fecret of guard- ing againft it. But both M. V'oliiey and Mr. Bruce have expat, ated on the curious Uibjcit of the incantation of ferpcnts, and have no dc'.ibt of its reality : it is certainly alluded to in Holy Writ. (Sec Pl'al. Ivili. 4. <. Ecclcf. X. 1 1, and Jerem. viii. 17.) Some of the n.ttives can plav with the reralks, which to them is perfeitly harm- leli } for it will not attempt to bite them; but when a;\'ilied to a her., or any other animal, they nave inftantly bit and killed them ; fo that the fecret certainly con- fided, not in deprivin;^ the ferpeiit of itg niixious powers, but in lome irrcliltible charm. The principal city is Cairo. F.gypt lies between lo" and 36'^ E. Ion. and i3* and 31° N. Ut. Egyptln, a town of the duchy of Courland, lao miles S, E. of Mittau. Lon. 26. 40. E. lat. 56. s. N. Ehigk.v, the name of two fmall towns of Germany, in Suabia, the one near ihe Danube, and tlie other on the Neckar. They belong to the houfe of Auftria. The former is in lon. 9. 43. E. lat. 43. 18. N. and the latter lu lon. 8. 45. E. lat. 48. 25. N. EiENHOvKx, a to-n nf Dutch Bra- bant, 15 milesS. E. of Bjis-lc-Duc. Lon. 17. o. E. lat. 51. jf>. N. KiFEiD, or Ei.KEi.D, a to^'n of Ger- many, capital of the county ol RhiuCfiavv, O 4 'a / HVliia^«NtSbBlor ot Mtntz. i^ 8. i;. E. hit. 40- ^V-^- lifr in the Mountain of the Cmtf, en tiic confines of Bohtmi.i and Silcfi.i. an.. ftawipi' 8. to KoninnlKr^'t/., afttrsviovl runsN. VV.tiU it icciive* tlie Muld.iw J ,. M run* 11. »».•■■• •• ■— E.MKO.one of the Snc.cty Irtes in ^ ^^^^^^^^^ ftn, VVitK-mburg, md MLiiiacbiir,; ; after which it runs tliror. ;h htitf , nnd vifui'd by cajuam Conk in hi* Uft vov^uc. There « ''"'.'^ '^'f '- •K. between -.he rroducr of th>, .nund and that .» Otahe.tc, thout-h u h.i. not .be lean npiu-.'-ance ot it m jt^ form. Ot.dicitc i. a l.dly c.untry, us htt!e low land, except fomc d.q> vnlUcs, and the «Ht border th:>t alnu.ll fiirrounds it near the lea; hvlt Eimeo h;ii ftccp rug!;td hilU, running .. different d,redt.> n,, Icvm.^ Lr^c va'.ras, and Rcn.ly riinn; ground Have Braiidenl)iir;', It then laruc values, ana „»-i"')r ■■■'■?,&• -- , r !:l^it their tides. Thehi:U,thou;.l>r...ky, thc(c^^ where it receives .. divides the diicliy of Luncnbnr'' frutn MttHenburi', and the duihv »f llrcmgn fiCT, H.^lftein, pafling on to Hainhurp;, and fo to the fortrefcnf Ghiikfladt, taUinsj into tlie Gcrnvin Ocean a httle below it. It is navigable fur ^rcat (hips as h^.^\\ as Hanibui-i;, which in 70 mdes from arc t-cner.-lly covered with trees .Imoft to the tops. Here eapt.in Cook v-asabund- antlv f.iPPli.-d with tire-wood, and re- ceivcd u'lan,c (lock of rcfreihments in hou>, bread- i;ui', and cocna-mit';. E M!u;cK, a town of Germany, m the circle of Lower Saxony, and territory „f Grubenha.',en, z; noles b. ot IL.del- hcim, ('^^-tt to the elertor ot Hanover. Lon 10. o. E. lat. ^i. 4^'- ^- , FisL! ni.s-, a town of Germany, in the cive-le V,r Upper '^ixony, and ^^""7 '^ Mansfildt, hlc tmUsE. of Mansteld . Liuher was born here. Lon. ii. i6. L. '"eis'^m-h," a l.anJiome town of Ger- many, capital of a diftn6t ot the f.vrnc n^ime- in Thiirimf.a. with a celebraf.d colTc^e, 36 miles VV. of Eriorr. Lon. 10. it.E. lat. 50. y)- N. FiTDEvET, an ancient town of Africa, in Morocco, iVated on a fteep moun'am. It has famous fcluK.ls, and is lurround- cd bv cra-sy r^^ks and .two nvers. •< .. %-F.n-H.'K, or Y-.UAN, ^.nvrr *f Abcrdeenfl.ire, in Scotland, >v!.ieh croffe. ^nt county in a fouth-eafterly d.rcrt.on, a„d falls into the Britifli Ocean, at l^ew- ^"IfjER.iORO.atownofDcnm^k in the duehv of SldVick, feaied on the h.u- tfc, .1 miles S.E.^fSlelwicK. Lon. .0. "ktr.'r an' iVand of Ttalv, on the co-.ft of Tufc-.ov, ren.ark.ble tor lu.nes of iron "ndlcadftone, and quarnt. of marble. It is fubjeft to the prince < rioinbmo. n W he protcftion of tlie king or l^a- T w o ifin poffefT.on of Port.-I.on- g:n;ranTthegLitdukcofTufcanyhas ■^'trn'St^o, a town of Turkev in Europe, in Albania, 45, m^h^ «• ^; °' nura«.o. Lon. xo. v,. E. la'. 4>- 34- N-. El.BE, a large nvci ot Germany,>vhuh KunF.t'r, a town of France, in the ilrpartmcnt of Louev Seine and late province of Normandy. It has a manu- faiturc of cloth, and is leafed on the ScMie, 10 miles S. of Rou.n, and 65 N. VV. of Paris. Lon. i. «. E. lat. 49. "■'ki.liiNc;, a haniHoiv.e, rich, and ftrong town of Wellern Priilha, in the palatinutc of Marieiil)iirg. It carries on a conliderablc trade, and the inhabi- tants are a mixture of PapilU and Protei- tams. It IS ftalcd near the Baltic Sen, ^o miLs S. K. of Dantiic, and 100 N. by \V. of Warl'aw. Lon. 19. 35. E. lat. '4. 9. N. . . , ' Ei.t'.orif.N', a town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the lame name, with a ci- tadel, on the river Ej;er, 16 miles N. E. of Ki;ra. Lcn. 13. o. K. lar. e,'>. ir,.N. Ei.Btuc.atown of ihc United Provin- ces, in Giielderland, on the K. coalt of the Zaider Zee, ten miles N. E. of Harder- wick. Lon. 5. 5^- E. lat. =;i. ^o. N. 1'',I.CATIF, a iVaport of Afra, m Araliia Feli.v;, on the \V. confi of the gulf of Pcrfia, 300 miles S. of Buffarah. Lon, 53'. ?. E. lat. 2^. c. N. , - ■ • E1.CHI, a hanulouie town (.f Spam, m Valencia, io miles S. W.of Ahcaiit. Lon. o. 23. W. b-t. 38.7.N- , .., Ki.Ki'HASTA, an liland on the v\ . ctoft of the Deccan of Hindoollan, five miles from Bombay. It contains one of the mod inexplicable antiquities in the world. The n^'ure of an elephant, ot the naf.'.ral fu'.e, cut eoarfely in ftone, ap- p.'ars on the landing-place, near the toot of u mountain. An eafy-flope then kadi to a Itupendous l"ubterranean temple, hewn out of the folid rock, 80 or 90 feet long, nnd 40 broad. The roof, which is cut Ibt, is luppoited by regular rows of nili.;rs. about ten feet high, with capi- tals refetnbiing round culhions, as if prelled K I. E ,l(untaiii of the (ihnti, en )t HohciTii.i anil Siltfi.i, an.. K'inini'.rjjr 't/., aftrrwant uvii tlie MuM.iw ;it It ICC l*i;i;Mie thcticc ir con- 's, ami jialTcs tliriiip!> tlic nv, vifitinj^ D'jiilen, Mei!'- g, iiul Ma^itcbiir,!; ; aftti' ns throi.jh Biaiidiiil)iirf, Livii thf Havel. It tluii ucliy ')f Liiiicnlnin; fruiii and the ducliv <'f iircm«a 11, pafung on to Hainhurp, '■ortn;fei)f Glmkftadt, t'Hllin;; man Ocean a little lielow it fur jTcat Ihips •>» hi^';!! ;, which is 70 milt J from n town of France, in the of Ijouer Seine ami late Nuniiandy. It his a nianu- cloth, and is leated on the ilcs S. of Rouen, and 65 N. is. Lon. I. S. E. lai. 49. , a hani'.lomc, rich, and ftront; WelUrn Pruliia, in the of Maiien'.jury. It carries erablc trade, and the inhabi- mixtuie of I'apilis and I'rotef- s feated near the Bahic Sct, 30 of Dantiic, and 100 N. by arl'aw. Lon. 19. 35. E. lat. r.v, a town of nohcinia, capital cf the lame name, wli'.i a ti- hc river K^er, 16 miles N. E. .on. 13.0. K. lat. 5^*. 16. N. (;,atown of the United Provin- cldrrland, on tiic K. cnall of the :c, ten milts N. E. of Harder- m. 5. 50. E. lit. e.1. 30. N. F. a fe.'port of Afia, in Arabia the W . roift of the gulf iif lo milts S. of Duffarah. Lcn, lat. i^. c. N. , a haiu'doine town (.f Spain, in io miles S. VV. of i\.heant. Lon. ht. 38.7.N. AST A, an ifland on the W. he Dtccan of Hindooftan, five n Bombay. It contains one of inexpiicable antiquities in the Phe iTijure of an elephant, of i! fii'.e, cut eoarlely in llone, ap- thc landing-place, near the foot intain. An eafy'flope then kadi ipcndoiis fiibterranean temple, of the lulid rock, 80 or 90 feet .>o bro.td. The roof, which is s fuppoite.l by regular rows of xiut ten feet high, with capi- blinH round culhions, as if prclted ELL. by the incumbent mountain. At i!ie f.ilthrr end are thrie jjii^antic lij;urts, uhich were mutilated by {l\c abl'urd /• al of the Portii;.'ucrc, when thi'i illmd m is in tl'.tir pollellion. There are v .rr ,i> o'her objcfts worthy the attention of a \i.ltor. Nlr. Cirofe, who has given a co. pious dtftription «i tic whole, i'> of opi- nion, that the imnitnlc wor!. of fueli an exravation is a tar bolder attempt than th.it of the pynmids of l-iiypt ; and mijor Ker.nell thinks that this, and the fubler- r.-'.neoiis temple in the adjitciit illand of SilCette, are momimmtsof a Aiperltition anitrior to that cjf the llindois. Lie- plianta was ceded to the Englilli by the Mahr.ittas. Ei GIN, the county-town of Murrav- fliirc in Scotland, lis .name, in the Celtic, anl'wers to the French word bf/L "vJli. Here arc many large v\*. b'.uldini^B t.ti'.led over pi:./ /as. Its e.ithcdral, founded in iii4, ^vas one of ih'- moft niagiiiticent Gothic Ihudliirtb in Scotland ; 01 which i'.s ruins aie a fuli'i lent proof. It is piea'.'antly leatcd <.'n the livcr Loffie, live mile. S. of Murray Erith, and 3; E. of inverntfs. Lrn. 3. 1 ?• W. lat. i;;. 37. N. F.i.r.iN.'iiiii:. See Munit ayshiri:. Eltham, a town in Kent, with a market on M(;ni!ay. Here are the re- mains of a royal palace, in whith E(K> ard II. often refided, and his Ion, John '.'teri.in church, an epifco- , pi cluireh, ami an academy. It is 15 miles from New- Y irk. El.KHOi.M, a ftap. rt of Sweden, in the territory of IjleMnytn, fe.ited on rhs Baltic, 24 iniles W. or Caritfcroon. Lon. i.|. <;o. E. lat. s''- 25- N- Ei.LF. RENA, an epifcopal town of Spain, in Efiraniadura, 54 miles N. of Seville. Lon. 5. 20. VV. lat. j8. ih. N. ExLF.snoN, a town of Northumber- land, whofe market is diful'ed. It is jS miles N. VV. of NcNfcaftle. Lon. i. 49. VV. lat. 55. 20. N. ! Ellesmerh, a town of Shropfliire, with a market on Tutftlay. It is feated on ELS a larpc mere, in a fmill but rrrri/e (fiY* trii't fpf the Cam.' 11 mie, 16 miles N. N. Vy. of Slircv I'liirv, and %■;(, N. VV- of l.oiulon. Loii. I. 51. \y . lit. jf SI- N- ■• ELMcKPni R, the rnpiul of ihc \V. part of Berar, in the Dm an of Min- dooll.ui. It is a lini eity, fubji^t to ihc ni/ani ui the biccan \ 39^ miiis N. K. by E. of BoniLi.iv. L-.n. 77. 46. E. lat. ; I. tj. N. Ivi.MAtMA, or MAiiAntA, a town of Afriia, III the kin{',doin of Tunis, (iaud on tlie j;ulf ol Capes, ( ppo'itc the illinil of Selicrcara. It is im rounded by the lea, is wcll-fortilieH, and has a i' > .d iiar. hour. It WHS taken by liic cmpiror Ciiarles V. but retaken lo .n after. Lon. 8. 47, W. lat. 35.4. N. Ei.MK, St. a calllc of the ifle of Malta, Itatcd on a rock near the city o) V'alit.a, at the inoutli i.i' a very line harbour. * ElORA, Sec DoWI.AT 'HAD. F.i.siMiUitr,, a feaport of Sweden, in the province of Gothland, liven miUs E. of Elfmore. Lon. 13.20. E. lat. <;'), 0. N. Ei 'I NO It I'., or Er.iN(<()u, a fcapoit of Denmark, feated on the S.nuid, m th.c illc of /.(al.ind. It wis a li;all vil lage, containini^ a few (illiei men's huf;, until 144;, v.iitn it was ii:.ide a flaplu- town by Eric of P( mc-ai i.i, wj-.o con- ferred upon the new lettkis confidciable iniiminiii(s, a-id i)uiit a tjllle for their det'encc. From tha' •^cri\i it graHu:'.l!y \ incrtal'ed in fize and wealtli, and is now th,- molt comnurcial jsLire in Denmark, next to Cojitiilmgcn. It contains ^cco inhahithiiis, amoni< whom , ire aconfider- able nUnibt r of f ireign nier. bants, and tlie roiifuls of the principal iiatir)ns trading to the Baltic. The palTairc of the Sound is guarded bv the fortrd's of Cronbon;. fituatcd on the edge of a peninfii'ar pro"- niontory, the ncarefl p.oint of I;md from the oppofite coaft of Sweden. It is for- tilted toward the (hore bv dirches,bar}ions, and regular cntrcncl.'uiLi.rs ; and toward the lea by leveral batteries nuiunted with 6j cannon, the Lij,tft of w! ich arc 48 po'indcrs. Every veflel. as it paffes, lowers her top-lail^ and pavs a toll at Ell'norc. It is alTerted, that 'rhis fort-pf.; guards the Sound ; and that all (hips muft, on account < f the (hoal vv arers and cur- rents, fteer fo near the batteries as to be expofcd to rheir fire in cafe of refufaj. This ho_.' ever, is a miftakcn notion. Oii account, indeed, of the numerous and op. pofitc currents in the S',and, the lafeft palTage lies near the fortrefs; but the O J water F L W E M B Uter.e.. an.l .bi lugcl, (hip. «n .v.n -7 .^.1^* >■ fj.l rl..ff to tl't coml ff Svs.; «^ to compl. .tjcc with the public Uvv of F.uropc. Manv iblput.j h^vc ,7 r.,ll« S. F.. of Hall, »nrt t^ 8. W. of Anlpach. Lon. lo. »S. b. bt. Ar N 'Eiv. a town . f Cnmbrkl-cihire, wi'l. a bilho,.', Ice. ana » nark« ou 8'-"';l;>v- „av.s»bIo hence to I-y""),'" ^'"^ /.^''">: Flv. The ..m/.t» arc htUl here once a yelronlv. 1, ,s a ru.m.y of -tfc f. .nrUu I- Snc the territory ar.vm.l it. an.l has a ihl- tinft evil ant.o the km- of l'ri.lha. to whom .t is now fubjeft. t .s featcd on the river Kmb.. near the lea, H - ■• Lon. 7. 5* '^' law or run ,".. i..— • ••_ r orifen cnnfrrn'.H; the r.^-ht by which the ero..n of Denmark imp .(c iuch a duty. The king, of Swe.len. in prt.c.la . claiming an e-tual .i.Ie to the fre. j^af- f,ue ot^ the Suait, were for fome time exempted by tre,.ty from pavm.' u ; but in ./zo. Frc'u rid. agreed that .11 Swed- ill, velVels llou'.d, f<,rthefuturc be lubjeftt Mutual imports All velfeh bc'^ e a imall duty, are rated at ,i Z^^' '•'•"'• '» ''"'^ creoes ocert the I' ngl.lh. 1-rench, Dutch, and Swedifh, whiet, pay onlv one Lrr.«/.an.', m r.mrn, the crovvn t.kes the charge of cnniUua.ng hi-l-.thoufc . ,nd erefiin^; fiK" -K to mark the Iho^ls *nd rocks Ir -m the Catcatc to the en- mnce m-o .he Hahic. The tolU o the Sound, and of the two Belts n.ppty «" annual revenue of above .oo.oool.Uon. ,j. »3. E. lat. s*- o- ^- S'^'- ^*^- '"'Ei^tf.M.vn, a tnwn of Fra-^rnnia, in thebi(hopr>c of VVur,.burg.ontl^r.ver P^^;;' J^^^-'.^iiiherans. Pa Maine. Lmi. n. S»- »••• '■"• 5°- "• '^- , . Eltor, or ToK, a town of Arahu Tctrea. feared on the Red Sea, .0 m.les S of Mount Sinai. It h.s a citadel, xv'herc .he Turks lave aKv.iys a ^..arnfon. Wddhcim. It i. Lred ■-'--- '^^^^M^of^ village near Brora^ ctj the Lcina, .0 miles S. W. ot H.ldelhc.m. J^^ ^f Surheflandihire, .n Scotland. Lon. 10. t. r.. l^t. ;i. ^. N. r „'. „„ unfortunate perfon was burnt m Eiv AS. a lar^e and Hronn town o "^^ ^^ 'X'i,^,.i,l;,,.y cri.ne of witch- r,rtu..a! in A'emeio. wi'h a caftlo and m., tor tlujm.^^ ) ^ ^^^^^_ ^^^^^^^ Uop-sfec. Itiscneof.hemoft.mportant pUce^nl^>r,u.,d.Ti,cflrec,. are hand. Fome. and the houles ^vell-bu-l . 1 here - •. r-,f>(rn r<) lar-^e, that it will hold water ^^n^ r ihc [:^v; for fix moml^ It is Jf ;i;V;ics Nrr-^'^si^lunlchi, and five ;^,4,Wam„.nificenta;^.^^- ^. 1^ "^o-lfli. Lon, .3. 55- E- 1- craft -, the laft inrtance of thefe fanatic executions in Scotland. -it,, Emboi.Y. a town of Turkcv m Eu- rnne', in Macedonia, with a O reck arch- bishops fee; (cared on the nvcr Suomo. 13. 55 '"em^^Js, an ancient and confiderabic city of France, in the department of e Uo'icr Alps and Ir.te province of Dau- archhin-op's fee, but is now only a b.ihop- tic r iVra^'an to A.x. It is a ftrong place, . d on of the moft elevated towns m Eiopc. The cathedral, and the cpifco- pal palace, are worthy of attention. It ?u rendered by capitulation to the duke of 5. \V. lat. i<5. 4V N- , ^ ;„ c " v in 1693 ; bat he was compelled to ' EtWAN. = KS. a town of Germany, n ^avov. "^ > 9J ^^^,^^j^^ ^^^^^^ ^ U feated thf circle of Suubia, with a chapter, whofe evacuate it tn ^^.^, Tni'.» in leP"rh. which i^ m fome places ^.pport.d bv'f.uror fiv-^.^'.f ■•^^^■'^f ^ ^l"' '..vln ano.her. On the fide of it is a foreft 'f ohv-trees three miles in length, among whicii are walks and fine fountains. It v!.. bombarded by the French in 1706, to po purpoie. An academy for young Lntkmen was founded here, by the king, (n ,,,, It i> feued on a mountain, near ,».c nvrr Guadi.na, 5° "i*'" ^J ^^ ''* Kvrra. and 100 E. of Lifbon. Lon. 7- 3. V/.lat. 3'5- 4V ^'- i: M B liue of tlie rmnir.*, anA WA If in feJt i! on llir Jiiri, of Hall, and f, 8. W. |Lnn. 10. iS. v.. Ijt. 49. in I f Cimbriil^clhire, wiili mil .1 Piarkec ou Si'tirclav. |i the rivtr Oufc (>•. I.icli i, icc to I.ynn) in ilic finnv lome tf\A, cMti.\ tlic Ifle it iiri/.c» arc IkKI litre once 1 It IS aroiiniy of itftlf. inrhuU Inry aro'ind if, ntul Iikh a ilil- Ini! criminal juritilitti"n, rf ilhop i' tilt luail, in the fame hifiiop of DurhiiTij is <'f th.it has a \crv fine cathcilrnl, hu» a m-an pUre. It i^ 17 tnil.s ■rii'i'e, aiif the Ups and Ir.te province of Dau- Before the revolution, it was an )p's fee, but is now only a biihop- a^an to Aix. It is a ft'rong place, of the moft elevated towns m The cathedral, ind the cpifco- ce, arc worthy of attention. It red hv capitulation to the duke of in 169? ; but he was compelled to I it three wceki after. It is feated neuc E N G -r*r the river Duritnci, nii t ff^Hty k, 17 I "jk !•'.. of G«p. Lon. 0. 34. -:.. lal. .;4, 34. N. I Mtti, .t ri\cr in Germany, which tut '• t< I L III t'le C'>iintv if Li|)p«, in ircL' of \,'**p' '.4. It ,-iins lirit ■ 'V u'-d, ihr:t >;h tl. . county of U.tburj:, ;.<1 lUii tu.'n: ii. pull'.^ thriuKlt liu ' I'lty of Ti.^i 'ibui|^', and eoiuiiiuiMy, it» >..iv N.i'ir j;^;! the' coiiiiiy of h.m idcn, itfiii i ,tu Dolart Bjy» at the town t IIUMIh itf», » f I'.ilihdtr. J'i.v. K:>«A, an iinci'.rit town of Ai'i.t, in Svri.i, in th. {^ovcrini.eiit of the oalliaw I ' Uain.ifi.U'.. There arc Hill Ctvcral no- ble rii'i s, that liiukv ic wat fvtinttly a I.iapni itrt eiiy. EM.Mi.itK'K, a iaige, ri:h, and hand- fouic town ot Otruimy, in ilie duchy of CLves. It carriit on a conrulLr.ible trade with Holland, ami is Icatcd mar tiie Rhine, ci|^ht iniki I'., lit Clcvct. L'.ii. &..4. E. lat. 51.4?. '"*'• Em: •)i.\, a town of Italy, in Tufcany, with ii bitliop's lee. It is fcired on the river Arno, 17 miles S. VV. of riurence, Lon. 11.6. E. lat. 43. 42. N. Enciiuysen, a I'caport of tlie United Provinces, in Uullund. f(-rineily more confidtrable than at prcfcnt, its harbour filling up every day. ft is feated on the Zuidti Zee, 25 miles N. K. of Amller- dum. Lon. 1;. 4. E. lat ;i. 45. N. * EndKAVOUR SlRAIT. Scc GUI- NEA, New. Endino, a town of Gtrmanv, in Brif- eaw. It wasformeily free and imperial. But now belongs to the houle of Aiillria. It is feated near the Rhine, 'ic niliti be- low Brifach. ENi)KiopiNr.,a fmalltown of Sweden, in the province of Upland, fituatcd on a river, ciofe to an inlet of the Luke Maeltr, and conlifting cliiefly of wooden houl'es, jiainted for the moft part red. It ii 40 miles W. of Stocklwlm. Ltn. i6. j'g. E. lat. .« of the livrr Inn, frem Its lource to the TiioUlc. Upp<.r Engadina ii a bcaitiful valley^ yit, on Mccouut of its clevuni'ii, prodijce* iiothinj} but rye and bailey. The winter lets in early, and ends Ute hin, during which lime lledget are the comn,, n vrlii- clei. Even in luiiiinrr, the air is cjld and pi' rcinj;, and the corn ocealion il!y uiucii • '•'liai.cd by the hojr.frulL IKnei? iIm lt,ili,ii) provi.iU, •' /.t^iuiiitii terra fina, Jt Hun fvfi la prmnii"—" i'lnjja.ima wuuld lie I fint c.)U:ury, were there no (roft." Enckkb, a town of Germany, in th« tirelc of tlie Lower Rhine and ele£lu- r.tte of Treves, capital of a cjiinty gf the lame lumc. It is leated on the Rhine, II miles N. of Cojlentr. Lon. 7. jt. E. lit. 50. 35. N. L.soiUKN, a rich town of Auflrlan H.iiiiault, famous for a battle foujjht near it in i6>,t, bet .vicn the French and Kn- };li(h, v.'hen the former were vidloriuLij. Thib is eoniiiionly billed the battle •£ Stceiikirk. It i. i^ railed S. W. of Brul- lels. Lon. 4. ;. E. lat. 50. 41. N. E.S(;iA, or Knoina, an illand of Tur- key in L-'.uropc, iu a euif of the lame name, between Liv;'.dia and the Morea, ij mile* S. ot Athens. There ii « town upon it of the 1 line name. Lon. 23. 59. K. lat. 3:-.4^ N. EvuLANU, the fouthern and moft cjn- fideraljle part of the illand of Great IJri- trfin, boi nded on the N. by Scotland, oa tile N. E. and Ii. by the German Ocein, on the S. by the Eiiglilh Clmnntl, and co the VV. by St. George's Channel, the principality of W.iIls, aivd the Irifh Sea. It lies between 1" 11. and 7^ W. lon. and between 49" and ^b* N. lat. Jt is of a triangular form. From tlie S. Fore- land in Kent, w.'iich may be termed the E. point of the trianj;lc, to licrwitk upon Tweed, which is the N. its length, in a ftraight line, is u« niiles ; from that point to the L'jn(rs End, in Cornwall, which i( the W. it is 425 ; and the breadth thence to the S. Foreland is 340. Bui the breadth diminilhei, in general, is uc approach the North ; ;>nd, on the other hand, the length would be confulen-blv more, if we were to tolln.v r,ll the windiiij^'s of the fea- conlh " Th.'; face of the country in Eni'- land," favs Dr, Aikin, in his England Delineated, " .ifTordt ?\\ that beau'iful variety which can be found m the mift txtenfive iriArs .f the globe. In fome pans, verdant plains extend as far as the eye can rea^U, watered bv copious ftreains, ami C(;vei.;d by innumerable cattle. la other*, the plcailnt; vicilljtudes of gcnrly. ^ 4 liUiig ^m E N G I'lfing hilU and Hcndin^ VjL';, fertile in corn, waving; \\'*'i wood, ami i;ittrlpcrfcd \v'.tii nieado'Vi, offer the mod d.-lij^luful Ip.ndfc.ipeu of rural opiiknct and beauty. HomQ tradls abound witii profpcdts of a more romantic kind ; lofty in; domefiic kinds. England flcs no other wil(J quadrupetls of the fmaller kinds; fuchas t wild tat, the badj^er, the mar- ithtrs of the wealel kind ; the hedgehog, the hare and rabbit ; I, dormoufe, mole, and feveral the rat and moufe. On the 1, every kind of doineftic ani- irted fror.i abroad, has been he grcatell degree of ptrfeftion. ' has been trained up for all the irpoi'cs of Itrrngth and Avifr- . to excel in thole qualities the al in every other country. The ;tlc have been brought to the ; and greatcft judneli. I'lf Ihape. ent races of fiieep, in England, [ly dilti'iguiflied, cither for un- le, goodncfs of flcfli, and plenty s of wool. The deer of our lich are_ originulljr a foreign fupcrior in beauty of (kin, and flclh, to thole of nwft countries. feveral kinds of dogs have been degrees of courage, ftrcngth, ty, rarely to he met with clfe- whcre. E N G ^xhcrc. The improvement in the vege- table produfts of this illand is nr.t lels flriking thr." in the animal. Nats, acorn:;, crabs, and a few wild berries, were alnioft all the variety nf Vigctable food which our woods could boaft. To foreign coun- tries, antl to the efforts of culture, we are indeb ed for our bread, the roots and greens of our tables, md all lur garden fruits. The barley and hops for our milt liquors, and apples for our cider, arc ctnullv the gifts of other lanns. The me.mtli labourer is now fed with more wholc'/oiae and delicate aliments than tiie petty kitigs of the roiuury c.iuld obtain in its lavage and uncu.tivated Itate. I'I'.c rivers and leas of England are flocked with a great \av:cty of lilh, which vield a plcn'i'al article of prwilion to all rj.ttkg of people. The river ti!li, indeed, from the pjpulotifnefs of the c un^y, and the number of lllhers, are, in manv pans, much diminifhed. Cut the ua is an inex- hauftible fource ; aivl every cx-rtinn cf indulhy, to procure fo' d trom thence, is amply repaid. The filheries, at prefeiit, arc a great objei'.t of attention ; and the whole feacoaft is enlivened by numerous inhabita-)ts, who gain their chief Tib- fillence from the deep." The manufac- tures and coinmcrct of this country are fo vaft, fo extenfive, and fo va.'ious, that an account of them v.juld lead us beynd our limits. Referring, therefore, to tiie various counties, citi.s, and towns, under their nrpe.^live heads, for farther infor- mation on the fubjivj, it is hardly r.ecei- fary to obfervc here, tint in the w;!c:ilen, cotton, and hardware niuiufaitorics, this countiy has long maintained a pre-enii- nencL ; and,' though nature has denied it the rich ft uits of other countries, yet the I'lanufaSIirt:, if it may be lb called, of (jur home-made wines, in iiTiitaiion (if I'll the varieties of the foreign, has been brought to an uncommon degree of prrfcdlion. The government u[ this countrv is a li- mited monarchy ; the legiflative power re- fiding in the king, the hotiie of lords, and the houfe of comiuoiis ; and the cxeculive piHver in the king, the great officers of flare, the judges, and all the inferior gra- dations of magiltracy. Under this free conftitution, we have enjoyed a degree of profpcrity and happinefs, fo uniform and uninterrupted, as to be the admin.tion and envy of furrounding nations. _ The civil divifion of the country h into cir- cuits, and (hires, or counties : thefe laft are fubdivided into wapentakes, or huiulreds, and panlfies. The circuits (which arc lix in number, and in each of which, for the moft part, two of the judges admi- E N G pifter juilicr twice a year) contain jH counties. They are, i.'The Home Cir cui:, which contains the counties of Elfcx, Herts, Kent, Stirry, and Sulfex. 2. The Norfolk Circuit, contait-.ing the countitg c.f liiicks, HeJlord, Huntingdon, Cam- bridge, SufTilk, and Norfolk. 3. The Oxfflrd Circuit, containing the counties of Oxford, U'rks, Glouceller, VV'orccllcr, Monmouth, llireford, Salop, and Staf- ford. 4. The Midlind Circuit, contain- ing the (hires of Warwick, I-eicelU-r, iJcrby. Nottingham, Lincoln, Rutland, and Northampton. 5, The Northern Circii:t, cont:'iniiig the cininties of York, Durhutn, Northumberland, Lancifter, Wclimorland.and Cumoerland. "6. The Wellerii Circuit, containing Hants, Wilts, Dorfe*. Somer'et, D.von, and Cornwall, Midclle'ex being the feat of the ftipreme court of jaftire, and Cheiliire being a county palitin'., are not inclu led in anv circuit. The eftablKhcd religion of the country, tjs contained in the 39 articJcs of the Ciiurch of En^jiand, is Calvinifrxi ; but tli-.ie articles are intcrpnted, by the clergy in ;,reneral, according to the more libcrol princiides of Arminius. But all rehgl.yns are tolerated in Englatid ; and, of late years, the Roman Catholics and Pro- teft-'tii Dilfcnters, in particular, have bec» relea!ed from all apprehenii ,ns, on ac- count of many fevere pon.^l laws, m hich, in his enlightened times, were enaftcd againd them ; and, if they hue not been reftored to the cumidete enj yment of their rlgiits as En;j;liih fubjeCh, without any civil difoualifieation on account wf their ithgiouw pirions, it is, no doubt, be- caufe the legifla'ure have tlnnighr, that fo clolely connected as is the religious eftab- lilhmei'-t of tliis country with the civil go- vernment, any farttier conceljions might be danger.nis, if nor f./al, to the Safety of both. The ecclefiallical divili(ni of Eng* land is into two archbidioprics, called the jiroviiices i^f Cmterhury and Y-rk, That of Cantcrbuiy (u hole' archbiflinp is me- tropolitan and primate of all England) conr;ii:is thy diorefes cf r.ondon, Wiij- chtlier, B.;th and Wells, Brillol, Chichef. tcr, RIv, Exeter, Glouceder, Hereford, Liihlield and Coventry, 'Anv^.n, Nor- wich, Oxford, Peterbi>V;nii.:h, R chefter, Sililbury, and Worceili-r, belilc the four Wellh bilhuprics of St. Divid, Bangor, Landaff, and St. Afaph. The provmce of Y'ork contains the diocefes of Durham, Cherter, and Carlide, and that of Sodoi" and Man j and all the prelates of the fc8« enumeraced (the latter excepted) have a feat in the hmife of lords. Engl,\.\d, New, a country of N. America, 1 E P E Amtrica, bounded on the N. by Canada, on the E. by Nova Scotia and the Atlantic Ocean ; on thi; S. by that nccnn and Long inand SounVi, and en the W. by New York. It contains the following five fiates ; namclv, New Hampftiire, Maffa- chuftt's, Rhode Ifland, Conncaicut, and Vermont ; which ice refpci^iively. Eno, or Enos, a town of Turf-.ty in Europe, in Komania, r.e.ir the gulf .>f the fam'; name, with a Greek archhllhop ilec. It is 125 miles W. of Conftiminople. Lon. 46. 15. E. lat. 40 46- N. Ens, a town of Gcrmanv, in Upper Auftria, on a river of the fame name, n miles S. E. of Lintz, and qo W. of \ icn- na. Lcn. 14. 21. E. lat. 4S 13- N. Ensisheim, a town of Vrance, in the department of the Upper Rhine and hte province of Al'ace, ("eated on ttic river 111, ,0 miles S. W. of Briibch. Lon. 7. 3^- E. lat. 47. ';S. N. EnskirKEN, a town of f-iermanv, in the duchy of Julicrs, 15 miks S. W^ of Colopie. Lon. 6. i>). E. lat. ti. o. N. Entrf-Bouero-f.-Minho, a pro- -»ince of Portugal, 4=; miles in length and breadth. Braga is the capital. '* EoO'.,one of the Fricndiv lllands in the S. Pacific Ocean. When viewed from the fhips at anchor, it frrmed one of the moft beautiful prol itds in nature, and very different from v!... others 1 the Friendly lllands, which bein- 1 )W, and perfeftly level, txhjhit r.r-thm;? to the eye but the trees which cover tlii.m ; whercis, here, the land rifing gcntiv t^> a C'lif'''';;- *iible height, exhibits an extcnhvc piolpeft, where groves of fine trees arc intcrlperltd, at irregular diftances, in btnunful diR.r. der • and all the rell is covti'-d with gvafs, except near the ft.ore, where it n entirely covered with fruit and other trees, ainoPi; which art the habitation^, uf the natntb. Thi» iflan^l '^^■a'' nair.cd Middltburg by Tafmati, who difeovercd it in 1643- J' '' fituatcd in abcut ns» W. lon. and 23" S. '''epkrif.s, a town of Upper Hunpnry, capital of the county of S^r.is, rein;.ik..bk for its fairs and mines of fair. It is ieated on the Tat/a, 20 miles N. of Lallovia. Lon. II. M- P- laf-4'). **• ^^ . ,^ Fl'EtiNAY, ^n ancient and handfome tp-vn of FrA,.ef, in the dc;Tartmcnt of Warne and late pr(,viiue of Champagne. It was taken by Henry IV. in 1 C92, when marlhf-1 de IJiron was killed while that monarch had Ins hand on his Ihoulder The wine;: produced in its ,Rij;hooiirh._^>Kl. are verv exquifue. It is ,7 >">1« N. \V . ef Chttfons. Lon. 4. o. E. 1«- 49- S- N- Ephesus, an ancitni and ccltoraitd E P P town of Turkey in Afia, in that part of Natolia anciently called Ionia. It w now called Ajafalouc, and has ftill many remains of its ancient fplendour. There is nothing to be feen about it bu- h.;aj^ of marble, overturned walls, colunr?, capitals, and pieces of ftatix:, he:. upon one another. The fortreL, ^^h■^^h is upon an eminence, feems to be la- work of the Greek emperors. The calicrn gate has three baffo-rdievos, taken from fome ancient ni'muments : that in the middle was conftruaed by the Romans. The moll remarkable ftru6\ure of all, was the temple of Diana, which the ancient Chviftians had ruined into a church ; but it is new fo entirely ruined, that it is no eai'v matter to find the ground-plot: how- ever, there are fome ruins of the walls, and of five or fix m.arble columns, all of a piece, JO feet in length, and feven in dir.neter. It is fcatcd near a gulf of the fame name, and has fiill a good harbour, 40 miles S. of Smyrna. Lon. 27. 33- ^- '^'^- 37. 4S. N. Ep'in Ai., a confiderable town of France, in the department of the Vofges and late province of Lorrain. It is f=«ed on the Mofellc, near the mountains of the Vol- tes, and is famous for its paper mills. It was taken by marflial Crequi, in 1670, when its fortifications were dilmanticd. It had lately a chapter of can.ins, who were all noble. It is 3S miles S. E. of Nanci. Lon. ''. 0. E. lat. 48- 9- N. EiTTJo, a town of Effex, with two markets, on Thurfday for cattle, and on Friday fur provifions. They are each kept in Eppin^-l^rc^t, a mile and a half irom the church. The buttct made m this neiehbourhood, and called Epping butter, is hiehly efteemed in London. Epping is 17 miles N. by E. of London, Lon. o. (1. K. U. !;i. 46. N. „ . , -'• Ki'i'iNG F0KE8T, a fine foreft m the S W. of Effex, formerly a much more txtenfivc dillrict, that contained a great part of lUc cmniy. It then went by the name of the Forell of Effex ; and attev- \vard, witcn its boundaries had been con- fiderably contraacd, it had the name ol VVahham Foreft, from its vicinity to the to\v n of Wal-.ham Abbey. Various parts of this deliuditfal fpot are adorned with handfome villas. On this foreft a ftag is annually turned out on Eafter Monday, for the amufcment of the LondoR tportl- men. • .1 ^ FppiNGF.N.a town of C-iermany, m tne palatinate of the Rhine, with a caftle. It IS, fcat.d on the river Elfats, to miles M. E. of Philipfburg. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 49. *^- . ErsoM, : ■,■ .■ . ., , ,. L p p ley in Afia, in that part lently called Ionia. It is jfalouc, and has ftill many [ancient fplendour. There j)t' feen about it bu' h.;aji« (erturned walls, colurn":, 5iccc4 of ftathcc, hc:.^;ed her. The fortrefi, wh.h linencc, feems to be !'::■ leek emperors. Tiic caftcrn bairo-rclicvos, taken from JniDnuments : tliat in tlie Inftnifted by tlie Roinans. irk.iblc ftruttiirc of all, was Di;inn, which the ancient ruined into a church ; but itirely ruined, that it is no find the ground-plot : how- fonie niins of the walls, and arble columns, all of a piece, .nh, and I'evcn in di ::netcr. ■,\y a pulf of the fame name, good liarbour, 40 miles S. Lon. 27. 33. E. lat. 37. confiderable town of France, ment of the Vofges and late orrain. It is fcatcd on the the mountains of the Vof- nous for its paper mills. It m?rflial Crequi, in 1670, tificaiions were difmantied. r a chapter of can.jns, who le. It is 31, miles S. E. of . '.. o. E. lat. 48. 9. N. a town of EflTcx, with two Thurfday for cattle, and on ovifions. They are each kept ■eot. a mile and a half irom Tnc butter made in this d, and called Epping butter, L-nicd in London. Epping is by K. of London, Lon. o. 46. N. roRKST,a fine foreft in the Ifcx, formerly a much mure trict, that contained a great iuniy. It then went by the Fortll of Effex ; and aftej- its boundaries had been con- trafted, it liad the name of rtfi, from its vicinity to the .ham Alibcy. Various parts itf'al fpot are adorned with lai. On this foreft a ftag is )ed out on Eaftcr MotKlay, :ment of the London tportl'- M, a town of Ger.nany, in the the Rhine, wirli a caftle. It the river Elfuts, lo miles N. burg. Lon. g. 0. E. lat. 49. ErsoM, E R I Epsom, a town of Surry, once ceic- ^rat<,'d for its mineral waters, and the lalts produced from them. On the neighbour- ing IXjwns arc horicrnces every year. It j» I 5 milts 8. W. by S. of London. Lon. o. 15. W. Idt. 51. 25. N, Epworth, a village of the ide of Ax- holin, in Lincolnlliiie. l"hc celebrated JohnWeflcy,one of the founders of tlic fe6t of the Melhodifts, was bcrn in this place, of which his father was reftor many yesrs. Erfort, a town of Germany, capital of Upper Thuringia, with a univerfitv. It was formeiiy iniferijil, but is now fub- jcdl to the elector ol'Mentz. It is a Urge place, but thinly peopled ; defended by two ftrong forts, and furroundcd by ditches full of water. A fire happtned here in 1736, which burnt down iSo houfes, and feveral churches. It is feaied on the river Gere, 30 miles E. S. E. of Mulhaufen. Lon. II. 23. E. lat. 51, o. N. Its terri- tory comprehends 73 villages, and the in- hibitants are at i'u I'lnall a diftance from 26 towns, that they can go to each and return the lame dav. With regard to religion, the principal magiftrate is fome- limcs a Proteftant, and fometimes a Pa- pi!t J but the greateft part of the burghers 3rc Proteftants. There are three fine li- braries, one of v.'hieh belongs to the Pa- pifts, another to the univcrfuy, and a third t'j the Proteftant minillers. * Erihoi,, Loch, an arm of the fea, on the N. coaft of Suthe'-landlhire, in Scor- Irtnd, capable of affording a fafe retreat to the largeft vefTels. It receives ieve- ral ftreams ; particularly that which flows /rom the great lake called Lech il^pc. *■■■ Erii'Ht, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in the N. W. of the diftritf of Athnl, in Perthfhirc. it extends feveral miles into Invernefblhire. Near this place wan- dered the fugitive pretender, in 1746, lurking in caves, and among rocks, and expofed to all the rigours of an inhof- pitable climate. The waters of this lake dcfcend into another, called Loch Raii- nucL. Ekie, a lake of N. America, fitir.itcd i)Ctwctn4r\ and 43*. N. lat. and 79'^. and 84". W. lon. It is nearlv 300 miles long i'To:n E. to \V . and 40 in its broadclt part. 1'hc irtands and banks towards its W. end arc io infefted with rattlefnakes, as to rciulei it dangerous to land on them. The lake is covered near the banks of the illands, \\iih a lirge pond h^y ; the leaves of which ar'.- thickly I'pread on the furfHCe of the water, to an extent of mnny acres : on thtCe, in thr iiiinmer, he myriads of <^atei>lnuke£ balking in the fun. Oftiie E R P venomous ferpents that infeft this lake, the hiliing-fnake is ihe moft remarkable. It is about 18 inches long, fmali, and (peckled ; when apprnached,'it lattcns it- felt in a moment ; and its fpots, whicU are of various colotirs, become vifibly brighter through rage : at the fame time, it blows from its mouth, with great force, a I'ubtilc wind, rs, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Juliets, with a caltle j'feat- ed on the river Rout, to n-.i.es N, W. of Julitrs. Lon. 6. 35. E. lar. 51. 4. N. Erlang, a town of Girmany, in the circle of Franconii and nnniuiilue of Culembach ; featcd on the river Re^;r,itz 12 miles N. W. of Nurcmbuig. ^Lon'. 1 1. 5. E. lat. 49. 3 V N. Erpach, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconi.i, 30 miles S. E. nf Francfort. Lyn. y. to. E. lat. 40. 31. n. » . ' Erpach, ESC E S K Erpacit, a caftic of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, wiili a town, capital !>( the countv of tlic <" c iiJiinc ; tight miits S. K. of Ulm. Li,n. 10, I'). E. lat. 4S, »o. N. ERm,'r: fquare win- dows, and 14,000 doors. The moll re- markable part is the vaulted chapel, in wldch is a mngniliccnt fepulchre, called the I'antheon, becaule it is built in imita- tion of that church at Rome : it is the burying-placc of the kings and ([ueens of Spain, and is thought by f me to be the uiuii curious piece of architcfturc in the worKl. The fathers, belonging to the mon.Piery, nrc 200 in number, and ha\c an income of 40,000 ducats a year, which is fiifTicient to maintain them in great plenty. The church is built after the model of St. I'eicr's at Ri.me. It is ieated on the river Guad.ira, i; miles N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 35. W. lat. 40. EsK.N";, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Wefiphaiia, feated on the fea, 2. W. of Kin.rfton, It is diftingi;ifhed by a noble Gothic i'eat, belonging to Mifs Pelham, the two towers of which are as they were originally built by cardinal \V(>lfev. The river Mole winds thrcugh the beautiful plantations. Here alio is Clarcniont, the elegant villa of the earl of Tvrtonnel, built by the hue lord Clive. EsK, a river of Damfiieslhirc in Scot- land, which is part of the boundary be- tween England and Scotland, and falls into the Solway Frith. ' EsK.a river of Edinbiirjibfliire, form- ed be the juixSion of two fireanis called N. and S. Mk. They l'''em to encircle the town of Dalkeith, patling on each Rde of the eminence on which it ftands; and uniting a little belmv the town, this river enters the frith of Forth at Muifeliiurgh. • EsK, N. AND S. two rivers of An- gtisfl.ire in Scotland, which defcend from the hills called the Braes of Angus. The former divides this county from Kincar- dtnfliire for fevcral miles, and reaches the Britifli Ocean, a little to the N. of Montrofe. The latter, after traverfing the whole breadth of the cr unty, falls into the bay on the VV. of the fame town. * EsK- E S K It is built of gray flones, cighbourlioccl. which wr.j •aion of iti being erctieii If a I'pot. They worked 21 ytars, ?nd it cofV .wn;. Jr is a i.mg i'quarc i N'l'.ir Oorits high : tiity ;irs, 1 1,000 lljiiarc win- ;oo doiivs. The moft rc- is the vaulted chapel, p::iii!iccnt ftpulchre, cnlled ^tcnul'c it is built in iiiiita- uiich nt Rome : it is the :>t the kings and ([uctns of houi;bt by f.- mc to be the cce of arcliitcfiurc in thr. fathers, belnnping to the 200 in number, and ha\e .0,000 ducats a yc^T) which ) maintain them in grcHt rliurch is built afttr the I'elcr's at R' me. It is ivcr G\iad.ira, 15 miles N. . Lon. 3. 35. W. iat. 40. wn f>f Germany, in the cir- aiin, feaied on the fca, zr) nbdtn. Lou. 7. 14. K. Ut. , a town in the N. part of s for the grcit number of produced. Ji is 00 miles E. Lon. 41. 23. E. Iat. 36. village in Surrv, five miles n.rilon. It is dininguifhed itliic feat, belongin;^ to Mifs two towers of which arc as iriginally built by cardinal e river Mole winds through plantations. Here alfo is e elegant villa of the earl of lilt by the late lord C'live. :r of Dumfiiesthire in Scot- s part of the boundary be- d and Scotland, and falls into rith. ver of Edinburghfliire, form- i£>ion of two ftre.-ims called fk. They fpem to encircle )alkeith, palling on each ilde ice on which it ftands; and e beliivv the town, this river h of Forth at Mulfelburgh. .^NP S. two rivers of An- :otland, which defcend from 1 the Braes of Angus. The s this county from Kincar- fevcral miles, and reaches )rcan, a little to the N. of "he latter, after traverfing ridth of the county, falls into c W. of the fame town. * EsK- ■'ESN ■* EsKDAi.E, the moft eaflcrly divifion of Duiufiie.lhirc in Scutl •!, fo named from the river Elk, which Hows through it, in a criurlc of 20 miles, to the town of Langholm. E.Ki.MAUX, a peop'e of N. Airerie.!, i'lhabiring all tluit vail- tratt- of country called Labrador, or New Bi'italn. 'J he/ have no fivcd abode, but rove from place- to place ; for they (omet>;ries couie as far S. as Newfoundland, and I'ometimes arc met witli on the coaih of the llraitj and bavs that the Eiiglilh ii:tvc been in whun tf.ey went in learcli of the N. W. palfagc. They are of a dilRrent race from the other native Americans ; for, as they have no beards, thefe have theni fo thick and large, that it is ditficult to dil'cover anv features ot their faces. They have fin'dl eves, large dirty teeth, and black rugs^J hair. They are always well- clothed, for there is nothing to be leen but part of tiicir faces and their hai'.ds. They have a fort of Ihirts, made of the puts of fiffi, with a coat of bear or bird Ikins, and a cap on their heads. They have likewife breeche--, made of Ikins, ^A■ith the liair witiiiii, and covered with furs without. They have alfn two pair of boots, one over another, of the fame fort of Ikins. In fummcr, they have nothing to cover them in the night, but, in winter, they h'dge together pro- mifcuoufly in caves. The drefs of the women is nearly the fame as that of the len. Tliey are very fuperbitinus, a'lj have foine fort of facifice-^. Tiieir chief employment is hunting an.t fifliin,-;. E.sf.t.vc.F.N, a large imperial tov.'n of Germany, in the duchy of Wirtcniburg, It is feated on the river Neckar, eight iniics S. E. of Stutgard'. Ljn. g. 20. E. Iat. 4S. 47. N. Eb\E, AsNE, or ESSKNAY, i town of Egypt, on the Nile, fuppofed to be thf -.'.n- cient Sycna, but Norden thinks it was Li- topolis. It is a large piare, in the terirre of which is an ancient temple, wi-h walls on three fides, and in the front 24Co1::.t:us, well preferved : they fupport fVones, placiftl crofswifc, on whidi grcst tables are laid, \\ hich form a roof. Within rhe temple are three (lories i,f hicroglyp'ucs, of men about three feet high, t^nd at me end the lowed figures are as i^ig as the life: eiie of them had the head of Ibis. The ceiling is cunoufly adorned with all forts of auinvals, painted in bcamifui co. lours. The temple app'.:ars to have been ufed as a church, for there arc iVveral in- feriprions on the wal', in black letters. On the N. fide of the town, is another temple, with pillars fomewhat like thofc ESS of the Corinthian order. The whole building is richly carved, with liierogly phics. A man with a goats's head,'and another with that of a crocodile, arc cut over the middle of the dcrr : there ,irc other crocodiles heads, and whole croco- dile's, fo that it is probable that this ani- ni.d was worlliijijied here. However, it mull be t^bfervcd, that Stralio mentions the city of Crocodiles as difliuil fronu Aphroditopolis and Latopolis. A mile to the S. is the monalVery of St. Helen, by whom feme fay it was founded. It now aopearsto have been a large burying- ground, and there are many magnificent tombs in it. Efne lies n.ar the graml ca- taradl. Lon. 31, 40. E. lit. 24. 46. N. Esi'EiRKS, a town of Aultrian Flan- ders, on the Sclield, 20 miles N. of Tournay. Lon. 3. 25. L. Iat. 50. 53. N. IviPF.RiE, a t^wn of Hungary, near which are fome fimous fah mines. It h 22 miles N.of (, ifchaw. Lon. 21. 38. E. Iat. 49 5. N. EsPKRN'L .J,.a town of Fraricc, in the department of Eurc and Loire and late province of Bcauce, feated on the river Guefle, 12 miles from Chartres. Lun. I. 44. E. Iat. 43. 36. N. Esc>L'iM.\u.\. See Eskimaux. EssECK, a confiderable trading town of Sclavonia, with a (hong caftle, and a magnificent bridge over the marihcs, 8S55, geometrical paces in length and v f in breadth. It is a diflieult pais, and there have been leveral battles fought here between the Turks and Germans. There are towers built on the bridge, a quar- ter of a mile difiant from each other, and it is handfomcly railed on each fide. There are trees in all the (trees of the town, which was taken from ti.j Turks by the Imperialifrs in I'-S;, fin:e a -hich time it has continued in the hands of the hoiifc of Auftiia. It is feated on tke river Drave, So miles W. by N. of Bel grade, sx)<\ ;: , S. by E. of Vienna. Lon.' 19. i.'i. E. Iat. 4;. 40. N. FssE.N', a town of Germany, in Wcft- plialia, formerly imperial, but now fub- jecf to the abb-fi of EITcn ; eight miles K. of Duifburg. Lon. 7. 4. E. Iat. 51. 22. N. E.ssKcy^ino. Sec Issrit^rno. Essex, a cie name of Epping-butter. The N. W. pan, from Saf- fron- VValdcn to Cambridge, is famous for the growth of faffron, which is alnioft pe. culiar to this diftrift. The middle part is a fin- corn country, varied with gentle inequalities of furface, and fprinklcd with woods. What are called the Huiidr.'ls of EjffX (though injluding only the hundreds of Barftable, Rochford- and Dengy) bor- dering on the Thamci and the fca, con- fift chicHy of marfhy grounds, which af- ford excellent pafturagc, yet are deemed unwholefome and aguiili to a proverb ; but more inland, they are dry. elevated, '.nd heahhy ; and even the worit parts of tiicm are rendered healthier than formerly, by clearing the woods, draining the ftagnant waters, and othef beneficial improve- ments. Befide vail quantities of corn of all kinds, abundance of calves are fcnt to the London market; alfo wild fowls, and the oyllcrs fo well known under the name of Colchcfter oyfters. The towns of Colchefter, Ilalftead, Coggefhal, Brain- tree, Booking, and Dunmow, have been long diftinguiflied for the manufafture of bays, which, however, is fir from being fo flourilhing as formerly. The rivers of Effex, belide the boundary ones already mentioned, are the Chelmer, Blackwattr, Coin, Crouch, and Roding. Chelmsford is the county town. EsTAPLES, a town of France, in the department of the Straits of Calais and late province of Boulonnois, not fo confi- 'derable as it was formerly. It is featcd at the mouth of the river Canchcs, is miles S. of Boulogne. Lon. i. 56, E. lat. 50. 46. N. EsTAPO, a ftrong town of N. Ame- rica, in New Spain, inhabited by Spani- ^jrds and native Americans ; festcd at the '^tttouth of the river Tlaluc. Lon. 103. ■#5. W. lat. 17. 30. N. EsTK, a town of Italy, in the territory of Venice, i $ miles S. W. of Padua. Lon. II. 44- E. lat. 4^ 55. N. E^TELLA, an cpifcopal town of Spain, in Navarre, capital of a territory of the fame name ; fcated on the river Ega, 15 EST miles W. of Pampeluna. Lon. ». 0. TV. lat. 4.1. 40. N. Est EPA, a town of Spain; in Aiida- lufia, with an ancient caftle, Handing on a mounf*in, 61 miles N. by VV. of Mala- ga. Lon. 4. 19. W.Iar. 57. 16. N. ■* EsTHONiA, i^r Rkvki., on: of the 41 governments into wliich tlie Ruffian empire h.is been lately divided. It lies on the E. of the Baltic, and is bounded on the N. by the gulf of Finland, on the E. by Ingria, and on the S. by Livonia. After having been Lung an object of bloody contention between the RulFians, the Poles, and the Swedes, it was confirmeti to the latter by the ]ieace of Oliva in 1660; but it was fubducd by Peter the Great la 1710, and finally ceded to RuHia in i7ii. EsTRAMADUKA, a province of Spain, about 175 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, bounded on the N. by Leon and Old Cartile, on the E. by New Caftile, on the S. by Andalufia, and on the W. by Portugal. It abounds with corn, wine, and fruits ; but the air is bad for foreigners, on account of the exctflive heat. It now makes a part of New Caftile. EsTRAMAD'JR A, a province of Por- tugal, lying about the mouth of the Tajo, bounded on the N. by Bfira, on the E. and S. by Akntejo, and on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean. It abounds with wine, excellent oil, honey, and oranges. Here the oranges were firft planted that were brought from China, and which are known by the name of China oranges. Lifbon is the capital. EsTRAVAYER, a handfome town of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Friburg, with a fine ca^le ; feattd on the eaftern banks of the lake of Neuchatel. Lon. 6. 56. E. lat. 46. 55. N. EsTREMos, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, divided into the upper town and the lower. The upper town is commanded by a citadel, on the top of a hill, ftrongly fortified, and furrounded by a large ditch. The houfes are white, and the principal are adorned with fine marble pillars. There is alfo a tower of marble, fo finely polifhed, that it glitters greatly when the fun fhines upon it. The lower town ii the newcft, and in it is a large fquare, in the middle of which is a bafin. They make an earthen ware here, greatly ef • teemed for its beauty and fine imcU. The Portiigucfe gained a complete vic- tory over Don Jolin of Auftria near this place, in 1663. It is featcd on the river Terra, which falls into the Tajo, in miles W. of Badajoz, and 75 E. of Lilbtuu Lon. 7. 16. W. lat. 3S. 44. N. * EiTll- Frl Oi Frl pc| latl E S T npcluna. Lon. s. 0. W. own of Spain; in Aivda- ncient caftle, rtandiiiR oit niiks N. by VV. of Mala- , W.!r.r. 37. «6-N. », or Revel, 'mi: of the ; inta wliich tlie Ruffian I lately divided. It lies on Baltic, and is bounded on i;;ulf of Finland, on the E. j on the 6. by Livonia.^ been kjng an objcft of ion between the Ruffians, hs Swedes, it was confirmed bv the peace of Oliva in was fubdued by Peter the , and finally ceded to Ruffia lUKA, a province of Spain, les in length, and loo in led on the'N. by Leon and ,n the E. by New Caftile, Lndalufia, and on the W. by abounds with corn, wine, t the air is bad for foreigners, the exccffive heat. It now of New Caftile, DURA, a province of Por- ibout the tnouth of the Tajo, he N. bv Bi'ira, on the E. .ntejo, and on the W. by the an. It abounds with wine, honev, and oranges. Here vere firft planted that were 1 China, and which are known of China oranges. Lifton is ,YER, a handfome town of in the canton of Friburg, caftle i fuattd on the eaftcrn lake of Neuchatel. Lon. 6. .6. 55. N. , . 3s, a town of Portugal, m vidcd into the upper town and rhe upper town is commanded on the top of a hill, ftrongly d furroundcd by a large ditch. are white, and the principal d with fine marble pillars, fo a tower of marble, fo finely at it glitters greatly when the upon it. The lower town n , and in it is a large fquare, in of which is a bafin. They- :arthen ware here, greatly ef- r its beauty and fine imcll. leuefc gained a complete vic- Don John of Auftria near this 663. It is fcatul on the river ich falls into the Tajo. 15 miles jdajo/., and 75 E. of Lift)oa. .W.lat.33.44.N. ^ ^^^^,_ E T O buildings were not blackened by the fmoke of tilt forties. Coui-mincs are found in its ncijihhoiirhood, and alio a foft ftone fit for gnndftunes. The nitrchandil'e of St. Etitnnc is conveyed to Paris, Nantes, and Dunkirk, by the Loire, which be- gins to be nuvi^abL for fmall barges at St. Lainbero.' St. Eiienne is ii miles S. E. of Fuers, and if-"m this period to the E T 1 '* EsTHWAiTE-WATKR, a lake in Lancalhire, between Hawkthead a'ld Wi- nanderor Windermerc-watcr. It is two miles and a half in length, and half a mile broad, intcrfe6ted by a peninfula from each fide, jutting far into tlie lake, finely elevated, crowned with cultivation, and bordered with trees and coppice wood. The lake is encircled by a good carriage road, and over its outlet is a n.Vruw ftoiic bridge. On the banks arc vilUgcs and fcattcred houfes, fweetly fituated under woods and hanging ground., and clothed with delightful verdure; all heightened by the deep ihade of tlie \»ooJs, and the ftrong background of rocky mountains. At the head of a gentle llopr, a hand- fome modern lioufe, called Uthimnt, com- mands a delightful view a' the lake and its environs. The tilh are pike, perch, ccl, and t-nut ; but no ciiar is found in this lake, ti;ough it is conneAed with Windcrmcre-watcr E. lat. 16.43. N Eta IN, a fmall town of France, in the department of Meufe and late duchy of Bar, 1 5 miles N. E. of Verdun. Lon. 5. 35. E.'lat, 49. 15. N. Etampes, 'a confiderablc town of France, in the department of Seine and year 1447, there were 18 more eruptions. After th's is ceafed to emit fire near 90 years. The next was in i 536 ; others fol- lowed in 1 537, 1567, •f'03 (which con- tinued till 1636J 1664 (.which continued 14 yeaiO 1682. t6S6, 1693, 1755, '763, 1:64, 1766, 17S0, and 1787. Of all the Oife and late Drovince of the Iflc of crui^tions to which this celebrated mouB France, feated on the river Loet or Etam- pes, which abounds with crawfilh. It is 15 miles E. of Chartres, Lon. 2. 10. E. lat. 48. 30. N. Ethiopia. See Abyssinia, Etienne, St. a confiderablc town of _ France, in the department of Rhone and miles in ci Loire and late province of Fore?., remark- ^_ Eton, able for its manufa^ories in iron and ft'.el, for the tempering of which the water ef the brook Eureno, onwhich it is feated, is extremely good. Befidc the manufafture of arms, hardware, and cutlery (ihcmoft confidBftlble in France) the weaving of ribands forms a confiderablc article ol its commerce. It would be aline city, if tiie lat. 50. 30. ^. tain has been fubjeft, from the moll remote.' period of antiquity, that of 1693 was tbiC mort ter'-ible. It was attended with an earthquake that overturned the town of Catania in a moment, and buried iS.ooo perlbns in its' ruins. The mountain is 6j ■' ' "rcuniference at the foot. ^ a town of Bucks, oppofitc Windfor. Ii is feated on the Thames, over which is a btidgc. It is famous for a fchool and college founded by Henry VI. King's College in Cambridge »dmits no other lludtntj fur fellows but what havs been hroi:^'ht up here. It is 2U miles W. of Ljndon. Lon. 0. 3C. W, * Et THICK, EVE t ,m,!ri>v i»ie conflaiiu-- of all the brooks ^f . (r..n fi-m il»' mountainous rejnon Ifthc S W. V Sclkirkihirc. It .s a ' ...ftor ,1 ftrcan,, which Items to pl.iy "l^a^ thJ prl'mtoras of uumc.ous round till. 1""" . , • rourie. trom nver, the <^""'"yjf -^..^ H.^„ks are the Ettrick l-orcft. ^J"!''^ ; ^1,.^ Hav- £.rn.;;":::ersthe«nreofKo.. ^""S' a foaport of France, in the .kpart- r \f 1 ovvcr Seine and late province of ment ot -•>^"'^'-^,^ , ^.^.-u cnftlc, and a Normandy w. h a « ' "J^., ^^i„_, „.,,ie i» handlome Iquare. ^ '^9 P^' , „, ,, ^^j. wonaY-\»3^^Vu.50.3.N. e;r:^;^£^fromM..ntL.,.. Lorf. *. 3S- i';l«- +;;;^;f bcrmanv, in ^^^''''^Aua^ feted on the S-.Mc . the circle of Auara ua j^_^,^^_ or the DAuube, 11 m.Ks . ton. >3.4f'.l'-l.f-'^,;,;V'Dovfetihire, I ^'wh a market on ^ " '' ' ^^^ ^^ g. ■ W. of Dorchcfter, and ^9 VV y i. of London. Lon. i- 55- ^^- ' ^ "^'e^^esH SM, a borough of Worccftcr- blv and contains throe churches It is °«'y? ?■, c V of Worcefter, and 95 N- 14 miles S. b.- fit vvuii. , .- w W. by W. of London. Lon. i. 45- W WorcSUontheoank^orteAvon. which flo^vs.alon^c, h. S^b. p r-^Ll^bSe^f r^'fS; and ^eau- « . and befide the utWd ob efts of agn- Ikure ercat quantities of garden-lluff culture, grtii 4 , .. J the towns are here S^own .nd '^ ^^.^^^^^_ j„ rtCsimrdtMontfort,.earlof T feicefter was defeated and flam, in ..6., Lfcicevter, %%<> , Mi, bv virtue of his tKe very Y^^^" ^^ ^^ ^; .afnirabl. part of ufurped authority, tuat^ commons, is our -""l^J^""""' ?': i:^,d its exifteuce. faid to have ^^^ J^ ;^^r,,,uh the mure fKic vale. communii-aii"ri " , , , , E U H no .ilTisrnable rcafon, the fame general name of ihc Vale of Fvclliam. See Se- VKHN, VaI.K of. Euouni", an epilVopnl town ot Italy, in the territory of tlie pope, and duchy of U.bim.-, 3S ni'l" S. of Urbino, an.J 87 N: of Kome. Lon. 13. ^7- 1^- l^t- FviAN.atnwriof Savoy, m Chablais. on tlie S. of the lake of Geneva, ii miles N. K. of Geneva, an.1 10 S. of Laulannc, Lon. 6. 50. li. lat. 46. 2 1. N Lon. 6. 50. K.. lai- 4°- •"• "• , , .^„ KvoLi, an ancient town ot the king- dom of Naples 11 miles R. of Salerno. Lon. 15. 16. E. lat. 48-46. N. FvoRA, a confidcrabic town of Por- tut-al, capital of Aientejo, with an arch- bilhop's lee, and a univerfuv. It 1^ f^aied in a country, which, th oj^h a title un- equal, is very pleaian', lurnmnded on n fjles by mountains, and i^lanted with hriit trees of diver, forts. It li. well- tor- tirKd,andis6,n.ilesE.byS ofLUbon Lon.7.40.W.lat. 3'i- 30.N. EvonA-nE-Mosri-., a town of Por- tui;al, in Alenttjo; ei-h' m.les trom Ellrtmos. , . , FviMUMTA, a fer.port of the kingdom of Naples, on a bay, S^^l^ff/'-^^ Rea-iiio. Lon. i6. 31- L. lat. 3«- 44- ^' EuPHitATES, one ot the mnft cele- brated rivers in the world, and 'he pn"- eip:a of Turkry in Afia. It Ir.s us rile about a day', .journey from '^r^erum ; and another Iburce about tvvo ''"Y^ J""^; ncy from the fame place. They both he 10 the eaftuMi-d, on high mountains co- vered with faow almoft the year -ound. The r>lain of Erzerum is mcloled between two Le Ibeams, which, -hen united are called 'be Euphrates, or the Hat. After their junflion, three days jou.ney from Erzcrim, it begins to be naviga- ble for boats ; but the ch.nne is loro.ky. that the navignion v. not la e. At hrlt it runs S. S. W. then 8. till it approaches, nearcft to Aleppo; when rt runs S. L- ti • t reaches Rakka. It afterward tm-n more to the S. till it comes .0 Melhed; Zd thenpafi-es S. E. aga.n hy Anna Hit, CubelTa, and Felugia; aiul, not far thenc . vifits the fpot where Babylon flood. It h n fetched a compafs like a bow, till it runs E. and unites with tae I igris ; and, ft 1 retaining its name, it runs to BulTarah, ad then- fnto the gtdf of Per la. about 50 miles below i:. Tt urft divides Art^e- nia from Natolia ; then byria f™m D ar- beck; after which it runs through Irac ASbktul.trnee.sthe'i^grts I^t-saHo the north-eaftecn boundary of the great deC'Tt of Arabia. ' ^ t- „. '*,EUKE, a department of France. E U H rcafon, the fsmc f^fiicrat ■,ilc of Evcfliam. Sue Se- OF. an epilcopnl town of Italy, y of tlic poi)f, and duchy milts S. of Urbino, an J ic. Loii. 13. -!7- li- 1«. rtwrt of Ssvoy, in Chablais, lie lake of Geneva, 21 milts cva, an.) if> S. of L.iuUnnc. ,. lat. 46. at. N. ancient tnv.n nf the king- es II milts R. of Saltrno. E. lat. 43- 46- N- confiacrabic town of For- of Aientcjf), with an arch- nd a univerfitv. It i" /'"^'^y. avii>nion i'; not late. At hrlt S.W. then 8. till it approaches, A'eppo ; when it runs S. E. hes Rakka. It afterward turns he S till it comes to Melliert ; .afTcs's. E. ag^iin hy Anna, Hit, indFelugia; and, not far thence. foot where Babylon ftood. It hc3 acompafs like a bow, till it nd unites with rlie Tisr^ ; and, ling its name, it runs to BuC^irah, :e into the gulf of Pcrfia, about below it. Tt urft divides Arme- ^atolia; then Syria from Diar- •ter which it r^ins through^ Irac iUit rnee'sthc Tigris [t -s alio :h-eaftecn boundary of the grdat Arabia. ' r -c -. jRE, a department cf France jt,' i . ■ ^ t > - \ •, ■fe* % -c ^ " i » ., L,i iVd ffiii \ inj,i, Siltdi, M'irivia, I'oluul, Spjui, rivir wiiicli lifts ill I'lrche, in tliu forcll Italy, Pmtuvd, IIiiii^uv, Swiiriilind, aiul and the rLpiiLili: of Genoa, Tiiere arc fi/iir lefs, vi,'. of Geneva, Luc- ca, S.i!i Marin >, and Riigu'.a. To the rc- pu'ilici, at prc'tiif, mult hz added the late kinird jin of lianco. The lanKUifei arc irc i i, milci S. of Rouen, and t; ; N. W» of tli'j ftaiian, Frcncii, Spaiiifli, and I'oitiu jfU'.Me, which art di.i'eAs of the Latin i the Citrnian, Meiniih, Dutch, S ve.ii;ii, Da- nidi, ami I'.iii^lilli, whitti proceed from the Teutonic ; tlie Sel ivonian, which reij;ns ('h'jui;h in difguife) in Poland, R'lllia, llolii niu, and a i;rcat p-.rt of Turkey in Iviripe ; the Celtic, of winch there arc di.tlects in Wales, i\\: Ilijjhiaiids of Scoilmd, lr>.Lind, Bretagne in France, It lies between y. 37. W.' and 72. 1 h'U. and between s^s^ and Paris. Lon. i. 14. K. lit. 49. i. N. KuROi'j;, called by the people of Afi.i Frankilian, one cf the four Kcn. ral parts of the world, bo'.m.led on the N. by the Fru/en Ocean, on the S. by the Mediterra- nean, on til'..- W. by the VVeftcrn and Northern oe.-ans, and on the K. by Alia. ""' . E. From Cape St. Vincent to the rn'iuth of ynd Ltplind ; the iiaxlerii Greek, and the Oby, it is near 3,600 miles in len;;th ; fevcral otlu rs. The principal riverj are, and from Cape Matapatam in the' Morta, the D.uiube, Dnieller, Dnieper, Viilula, to the N. Cape in Lapland, about i,2co \'olga, Dsvina, Big, Oby, Don, SchtlJ, miles in breadth. It is much lels thait R'.iine, Kiinne, Seine, Loire, CJ aronny^, cither Afia or Africa, but furpal'.ls thcni Groyne, Tajo, Thames, and bevernti in many particulars. It is entirely within The principal lakes arc ihnl'c of Conllanc*, the temperate zone, except a linall pact Geneva. Laufanne, VVenner, Ladoga, of Norway and Kulfia; fo that there and Onc^a. The chief mountains are is neither the excelfive heat, nor the in- iupportable cold, of the other parts- of the continent. It does not abound in gold divided info tlie Grerk, Roniilb, and Pro- the Alps, An|)cnniiics, and Pyrenves. The prev.iiliiiLf religion is the Chriftan, and filvcr mines,. much lei's in precious Hones ; it produces neither fai;ar nor fpices ; nor dots it nourirti jackal:, hyenas lynxes, leopards, tigers, lions, rhinoccrofes, eltpnants, dromedaries, camels, or croco ttftant churches. There are alio Jew* in evcr7 country, and Mahometanlliii is the eltabliihed religion of the Turks. Et'STATiA, St. one of th.: leaft of the Leeward Ifl?nds in the VV. Indie*, diles; but it produces corn, wine, fruits, which properly is nothins; but a moun- fiieep, oxen, iiorfes, and all the nccelTa- tain in the form of a fugar-ioaf, who'.'e to;) ries of life. It is much more popidous, is hollow. It is llrong by lituarion, ind and l)etter cultivated, than either Aiii or lias a f;ood fort. It lies to the N. W. of Africa. It is fuUtr of villajjcs towns, St. Chriftoplier's, and bchmi^s to the and cities, and the buildinjrs arc Ib'onger, Dufch, from whom it was taken by ad- inore elegant and commodious, j^tnerHlly miral Rodney, in i-Si ; but was Too 1 fpeaking, than in the two former. The inhabitants are all whites, and, i.x the moft part, much better made than the Africans, or even the Afiatics. With regard to arts and fcienccs, there is no manner of coraparifon ; nor yet in trailc, Lubcc have their rctidence. It is fcven navigation, and war. Europe contains miles fi.jin Lulicc. * Norway, Sweden, Dcamark, Great Bri. < £wi;,i, a town in Surry, with » mir- afii-T taken l)y the French, and reliore i to the Dutch by the peace of 1783. Lon. 63. r. W. l.at. 17. 19. N. EuTiM, a town of Germany, in Ho!- ftcin, with a cai\le, where th«l>iih';;is of EYE f A I r,.^ r, T • f It ,.f An* mirket on SAnirday. It ha» the ruin* V.« on ThurrUy. It u full ..f fine "l^'V, _„j ,^f J, ,„cie.>t Uctudiftinc fiiriiiK* r which uniiin fi.rrti a river Tuf- "t iir, furrti a n ...tdiu '■> Jriv»: :i mill in tlic town, and y.\vx\\ cmptic? itlelf into the 'l'luiiu>, at K::i,'(\oti. It i» >o milt. N. K. bv N. ol Diirkiu^, ;md n S. I- l>y S. of I.on- aon. Uoit. o. ■■;. W. lat.^T. 1'.. N. » F.x, a ri\ r which rik* in the lorcll of Kxini)»r, in Surntrlcilhirc, iind Icnin:; that ciiiMv, hi'low Dulvtiinii, jinncil* by Tivi-nim i<< KxKicr, 'vt.lcninf^ H'"'" ;irc civ>|) ili.ycd ahbcy. 'I'lii' women • ' , makuij; bi.ntl.ict. It i-' «o niilts N. ot Iplwicli, mul 91 N. F..of London. • I'.VK, a IhmII river, which riln in the N. W. of Uirv.icUlliiri; in Scotl.inJ, and fall: into the Hniilh Otcan at Ky«itiouili. ' hVKMOUTH, a Im.ill Icajwjtt ot Btrwuklh're in Scotbnd, -.ir the mouth of «hi' nvcr Kyc, wiitrc there is lomitime. * It i» nine milcj ^^s;^»r;;:,.^.^i;.:; --V!";«s in th. Kiii-lilU Channel at L'.M-nouth. ExtiKH,, a tny "f De^ .Miihire, with two ttuirlicts on W/cdncl'! iv and Friday. It i. Ic.tcd on the rivtr Kx, whence it took it. numi-, and ovpi- uhieh i. ahand- |\,mc none hridi^e. With i;> luhurbs, it contains t \ parilh-churchi- , .'"d four cha- ue!» of cii'r, bcfulc tl.c iaihidr.d._ Silip* oflninleii formcilv e.mic \\\^ to this cityj but the n.'vig.iti.n wa? sl-tioll (Itllroycd by one cf ;he Courtciuiv. tarU of Devon, «nd. thoufih repair.d, in I'oine decree, could never be ri.lt.:rcd to if. former ftate. The nort of txacr, therefore, i. pnipcrly It Toplliam. live nuUt below. It », howevir, the printip.il city, for fi/c .ind confcc:MCiv.c. in the W. of Kn-land, the rchdencc of nianv tente. I lainiliis, and ific feat of an extenllve UMci mi and do- mcftic commerce ; and, particu; irly, it has R Ihaic in the fillieries of Newfoundland and Cireenland. It is j^'vcrned by a mayor, recorder, 14 aidcinicn, SvC. and fends two members to parliament. It is fc'i mi'.i-s S. Vv'.of niilV.l, and 173 miles VV. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 29. W. lar. 50. 44. N. " ExKiKK, a pretty town of New ' Ilanipiliire, in N. America, on the S, i'ldc of Kxeter River. It has a f^nod har- hour, .md was formerly famous for fhip- It is i; mileo S. W. of Portl- N. bv W. of i{Lrv. ick.v * Kykshai K, a (mill iliand on th« coart of Ar-vlelhne, to thi 3. K. of Mull. It is noted for it. Ilatc ipiarries. I'.YNlMiovf.N', a fill all handfomc town of Dutch Urabanr, on the nvir Dommcl, I J mile. S. F.. of Bois-le Due. Luu. j. »6. E.lat. ;i. 11. N. Ev-p.Af. Sec I It AC. KzAfivi N", a rich and ancient town ot Africa, ill the kingdom of t'ei, 57 mile* ffom Fez. F. FABRIANO, a handfonie town of Italv, in the marijuifate of Ancona, famous for its good paper. It is x? niilea N. E. of Foligni. Lon. iz. 31. E. lat. 43. 10. N. Faenz;a, or Fayf.nck, an ancient town of Italv, in Romagna, with a bi- Ihop's fee. It is famous for its fine cartli- cn ware, which was here invented -, and is feared on the river Amona, li miles S. W. of Ravenna. Fahlvs, the capitil of Dalccarha in Sweden, ihuated in the midll of rocks and hills, between the large lakes of Run and Warpen. It contains lioo houlci buildmr. It is .5 mile. S. W. ot rortl- and (including the miners) 70oo inhabi- ,,,',,'' ' tants. Except two churches of brick. K-.-n I ! s. a ftroni; f.rt of France, in roofed with copp.r, '^'- ''"''<''"«' »''^,'h; .Ue depoimein of tl.c Upper Alps and nerally of -od - a ft^ies In^ late province of Dauphiny. It was taken by the duke of Savoy in. j7o3, but rc- ftt3rcd bv the treaty of Utrecht. It is an important piffiK^e, which leads from Bri- anron to Su7.a Tfix miles W. of Bu.:a, and 43'N. E. of Embrun. RxMoOK, a foreft of Somerfetniire, in the N. VV. corner of th:\t oMinty, and ex- tendir.^j tt-.cr.cc into Devonlhirc. ■ K'.Moi TH, a village of Devonfliire, en tlv: E. Trie of the hay which forms the rvnit!#»f the ri-er Kx, 10 miles S. bv E. of copper mine, whici gives cxUlcnce and celebrity to the town, is on us E. fide. It is JO miles N. W. of Ikdcmora. Lon. 16. 4:. E. bt. 60. 34- N. Fadifield, a town of Connctticut, In N. America, featcd near the fea, 100 miles S. W. of Bofton. Lon. 73- Jo.' W. lat. 41. II. N. Fairfobd, a town of Glouceilerinire, with a market on Tiiurfday. The church was built for the fake of the glals, '.aken- in a ftitp going to Rome. It has \etrr. It is much frequented for 28 large windows, cuaouflv pun cd wtU t>.bc.«,co^fea-ba.hiue. (bripture hiftories, in extieine beautiful EvEra bu^ouili m'sxifTolk. with a colours, .nd defigaed by the famous Al- ••■ --ji^s^sswsssrisa^r'icaaEaasswwaRiwes-- F A 1 nirday. It hst the ruin* 1 of an uncieiit Ucncdiftine women iirc civ.|)l"yKd in ici-. It f- «o niiltii Nt of ^1 N. F.. of London. iiall I ivtr, which rili". in the nvicUlliirc in Sc»tt,ind, and ilriiilh OccJii at KycitwiutU. urH, a Im.ill Icapott of in Sonbnd, -.ir the mouth of , wlitrc tKcrc is romitime. i ini^ lifliti V. It ii ulnc inilcj i{lrvicl..; Ai K, a Im.ill i(l*nd nn tht IclhuT, t'j thi. 3. K. of Mull. r if. Iliti ijiiarrics. ^f.N', a f mall handfome town ■nbant, on the nvir Dommcl, t., of Bois-lc Due. Luu. s- Sec 111 AC. <, a rich and ancient town of he kingdom of h'ci, 57 »'''«» F. I NO, a handfome town of in the niiiriiuil'atc of Ancona, \i% good p:ipcr. It h n niilcu Foligni. Lull. li. 3». E. lat. , or Fayf.nci!, an ancient alv, in Romagna, with a bi- ll is famous for its line earth- wliich was here invented ; red on the rivtr Amona, li v. of Ravenna, s, the capit il of Dalccarlia in iniated in the midll of rocks Ktwccn the large lakes of Run ptn. It contains izoo houlci ding thi- miners) 7000 inhabi- Kccpt two churches of brick, :h copper, fhc t)uildings are^se- wood, t\.o ftorics high. The inc, whici gives cxirtcnce and to the town, is on its E. fide. lilcs N. W. nf Ikdcmora. Lon. ,. bt. 60. 34. N. lELD, a town of Connctlicut, nericj, featcd near the fca, too A'', of Bofton. Lon. 73. jo.W. 1. N. fOBD, a town of GtouccnerilMre, market on Thurfday. The vas built for the !":)ke of the K-Uls, a Ihip going to Rome. It has windows, curioudv piinted with hiftones, in exticinc beaiititul and defiensd by the f*mou» Al- bert htrt Dutff. If is n milts S. R. of UloucelUr, and bo VV. by N. of London. Lon. I. 44: VV. lat. ^). 4^. N. , • Fair I.sl.j, an ilhnd of the North- ern Occ;\n, lunrly midway bttwii-n Slitt- laiul ami Orkney, frnm both which its lii^;h towtriiij< recks arc pbinly dilcuvercd. On the E. Iiili-, the dul.e of Mtdin.i Sido- lihi, ailiiiii'.il 01 till- S^'aiiiili aiiiuda, w is wreiki-d in 1 5c)i. Faisass, or Pin, ASAN'Tb, an iHc formed by the river Ui-l.ilToa, which fi pi- rates Friiiit from Spain. It ii faiii"U» for the trtatitsc'incliKli'd here between France and Spain, it having been c>.ntKLitd as H ntiiiral place. Lon. 1. 4''. W. lat. 43. ao. N. Fakkkiiam, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Thurlday. It i* ("itiuitcd on a hill, and is 20 miles N. \V. of Norwich, and no N.N. E. of London. Lon. o. jS. K. I.tt. f». 53. N. Falamk, a iiandl'omc town of France, in the department of Calv.ido;, and late province <.f Normandy, v.uhacaliie, and one of llic finell lowers in France. It is remarkable for bemg the iiirtliplacc of William the Contpitror. It has :i i;ood trade in lerget, linen, and lace; a;ul its unniial fair, which begins on the lOth of AiiL''.1, and lalls tijibt days, is the moft l^iniyus in France, next to that of Beaii- Ciire. It is ft ttd on the riicr Ante, 10 miles S. li. of Caen, and 1 1 ; VV. of Paris. Lon. o. 2. VV. lat. 4S. 53. N. Fai.ki. NiiKR(;, a feaport of Sweden, fcated on tht Baltic, 17 miles N. VV. of Helirltadt. Lon. 12. i;^. E.lit. 56. i;2.N. Fai.ki situ Kt, a ftroni; town of Ger- many, in the New Marchc of IJranden- burg, leated on the river Tr.ijc, Co miles E.ofStetin. Lon. 1 5. 5.^. E. lat. 53. 3 ,. N. Falkinciiam, a town of I^iiicoln- fhirc, with a market on Thurliiay ; i^ niiles VV. by S. of Bo!\on, and 104 N. of Loiidon. Lon. 0. 10. VV. lat. 51. 48. N. Falkirk, a handlVmie town of Stir- linijlliirc, in Scotlaiul, chiefly fupported by the great markets for Hifjhland c:ittle, called Trylfs, which arc held in its neigh- boKrhood thrice a year: 15000 head of cattle are fometimes fdd at one tryft : thcl'e, for the moft parr, are fent to Eng- land, and fattened fur the Imicher. At Falkirk, in 1746, the rebels uefeaitd the kinsr's forces. It is nine miles S. of Stir- ling. Lon. W. lat. r- ■=?. N. Falkland, a boroutjh of Fifeflsire, in Scotland, at tbe foot of one of the beau- tiful green hills called the Lomonds. ilere aie t!;c rr.agniiiccnt ruins nf a royal palace, ll.iiie apartments of v.b.lch arc ItiU mhabhed. F' EdinbuK'h. Lon. 3. 7.VV. I»t. t/i. 1*. N. Fai.kla> u IsUANiit, nt.ir the llral'.l of Mai^tllan, ill S. A.aerifa, wwra diluj- vcred iiy 111' Richard ilawkiiii, in K'^l and, in oTit, then (irft lord of the Admiralty, lent commodore Hyrou to I ike pol!cllion of theiii, in tlic name of his Brit.iiinic M (jelly. The comniodur' , acrordiPi'lv, made a Icttlemrnt o'l a part which he called Port L'./.mont ; but, in 1770, the Spaiu.irili forcibly ilirpt Zeahuid, Lal.oid, and Mona. Nikoping is the capital. F'AMAGiisTA, a town i;f Turkey ia Ada, in the ifland of Cyprus, with i Greek bilhop's fee. It has a good har- bour, defended by two fo>-t.s, but it is now ahiiort choked up.. It was taken by the Tiiiks, in 1:70, after lix nrenths liege, when they flayed the Venetian "Jovcrn.r alive, and munlered the inhabitants m cold blood, tliouj.]h they lurrcridered on honourable terms. It is 62 miles N. E. ofNicofia. Lon. 3;. 55. E. lat. 3-. lo.N. Famim', Port, a fortrcl's, on the N. E. coaft of the llraits of Magellan. Flerc the Spanifli girrifon perilhed for want ; fince which it has been ncijltileJ, L'vn. 70 20. VV. lat. 5.. 44. S. P I Fana.vo, FAR F E L ^ANAKO, a town of ItDlv. in the eminence, not fir from the Thimes, i9 <1i!chy of Mixtfna, i< mile^ S. of Modcnn. miles \V. of Oriford, and 50 W. by N. Lon. ti. 18. il. bt. 4^. 10. N F'AKO, a i'.,in(Unme tcv.'n cf Italy, in tlie ttrritorv of tlie pope, and duchy of Urbino, witli a bilbnn''^ fee. Hire av an ancient tnurr;-hr.lnrci\, haiidfonneciiurches, and lint pal:iccs. It is icatcd on tb,t; gnlf of Venice, eil of urciUerv. It is featcd at the con- fluence of the Serre and Oiie, 10 miles T/. of Soiffons, and 7'! N. E. ot ^Pans. Near this town is tho raflle of St. Gobin, famous for its manufaftory of fine plate glafs. Lou. 3. 25. E. lat. 49. 29. N. Ffrkn-tin'o, or FioRENTO, an epil- copa! town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome ; feucd oil a mountain, 44 mi-s S. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 27. E. lat. 41. 46. N. ■ T I 1 • F f RM AN A CH. a county m Ireland, m the province of UlHer, 3'< "'i'" in length, and 2 3 in breadth, bounded on the N. by Daneg.-l and Tyrone, on the E. by Ty- rnne and Mona'ghan, on the S. hy Cayan ;md Leitrim, and on the \V. by Leitrim, and the ocean. It contains ly panlhcs, and fends four menibers to parliament, innillilling is the capital. Fi:rmo'. an ancient and ftrnnsi town of Itulv, in the maripiilaic of Ancona, with sn archbilhop's fee. If is U-ated near the gulf of Venice, 17 mil" S. E. of Maccrata. Lon. 13- -i^- ^" ^^^- +^-.'!,- ^j F F R N A N n o - n A -N o RON :i A , an tlland near the coaft of Brafil, nelcnsjinc; to the Portuguefe. Though mountainous, it is well wooded and fertile. Lot). 32- 33- W. lat. 3. 56. S. F E R Ffruara, a large, handrjme, and famous town of Italy, capital of a iluchy of tils fame name, with a bil}io|)'s fee. ' Its magnirtr^MU llrcets, and niiiniier of fine buildings, evince that it was formerly a rich and tlourifliing city. *riie prelent inhabitants however, u ho arc very few in propi.rtion 10 the extent of the town, bear tverv mark of poverty. IJut the7 ftiU ij^t.'.iii an old privilege of wearing fwords bv their fide ; a iirivilrge, extend- ed to tii2 lowed mechanics, who ftrut ab.nit with (jreat dignity. Fencing is the only fcicnce in a fiouriihin;; condition in this tiwn, which furnifhe;; all Italy with Ikdful ftncing-raaltcrs. It w.as famous fnrnverly for a manufaflorv of fword- bhdes. ' The Scotch Highlanders, who had a p;reater demand for fwords, and were nicer in their choice of bla ies than any otiicr people, ufed to get them from a celebrated maker of this town, of the name of Andrea di Ferrara ; and the bell kind of broad fwords are ftili called, by the Highlanders, " True .'Vndrew Ferraras." In the nenediftine ehnroh, Ariolto the poet is interred. Ferrara js feated on the river Po, 2; miles N. E. of B.bigna. Lon. 11. 4-. E. lat. 44. 54. N. Ferrara, or the Furrarfsf., a p-ovince of Italy, in the territory .;f the Church, bounded on the N. by the Pole- fim di Rovigno, on the W by the duchy of Mantua, on the S. by the IMogmfe and Rimagna, and on the E. by the gulf of Venice. It had its own dukes till ii;o7, when pope Clement V(1I. united it to the apottolic chamber. ' Since that time it his been almoil all unciilti- vatcd, though it was one of the lineft countries in Italy. The air is unwhole- fomc, on account of the marihes, and the inhaiiirants are too few to drain them. Ferrara is the capital. FERl!E\niN-.i, a town of the king- dom of 'Naplos, near the river Bafianto, --, miles S. W. of Matera. Lon. 16. 34. E. lat. 40. 43. N. Fkrro, or HiERO, one of the Canary liles, remarkable for this circumftance, that I'everal geographers have reckoned their lirft meridian from its weliernmoil e^trcmity.v It is a dry and barren fp"t, aluirding no water except what is fup- plied ill a furprifing manner, by the fountain -tree, which grows in tins idand, and diftils water from i's leaves, in fuch plenty, as to anfw^r all the pur- pofes of the inhabitants. This tree (ac- cordins^ to the author of the HiOory of the Canary I (lands, who has given an amplft dcfcriptiou of it) is not peculiar P 3 to 1 F E T Hn rhh inand. as one of the fame kind is V.iia 1.) l.e in thr ifiaiul of St. Thnmas, in thr iiulf of Giiintn. Lon. i?- 46- ^> • lav s7- 47. N. „ ^ liy" and Saturday ; is famous t'.T the bcft oyftcrs for laving in ftews ; and has fcvr- ral guiip''\vder-m'lls in its neighbourhood. Here are the remains of a ftately abbev, built by king Stephen, who was in- terred in it, with his queen and (011, Hero that mifguided prince James H. attempted to embark for France, after the fucccfs of the prince- of Orange, but was flopped by the populace, and con- veyed back to London. Feverlham is nine miles \V. of Canterbury, and 4S E. by S. of London. Lon. o. ss'- K. Ut. ci. 2i. N. Fkvus, an ancient town of France, in the department of Rhone and Loire and late pr-A-ince of Fore/, feated on the Loire, 25 miles S. W. oPLyons. Fk/,, a country of Africv, in Barbary, bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Oce- an, on the N. by thc'Meditcranean Sea, on the E. by Algiers, and -.n the S. by Morocco and Tail let. It is about i:.; miles in length, and the fame in breadth. 1'hc air is temperate and wholcfom^', and the country full of mountains particularly to the \V. and S. where Mount Atias lies. However, it is populous and ftr- ti'c, producing citrons, lemons, oranges, dates, almonds, olives, figs, raiUns, fugar, honev, flax, cotton, pitch, and corn in abundance. The inhabitants breed ca- mels, beeves, ihecp, and the fineft horfis in Uarbary. It is watered by feveral ri- vers, and the principal town is I'cz. Fez, the capital of Fez, in Africa. It is an ancient, (Irong. and one of »tac largea and handHjineil cities in all Africa, compofed of three towns, calle'd i'.elcyde, Old Fe;., a-^d New Fez. Old Fez is the mod conuderahle, and contains about Sc.ooo inhabitants. The palaces arc magnificent, and there arc 700 mofqres, 50 of which are very conrKierable, ad.-.rned with raariile pillars' and other ornamen's. The houfcs are built of brick or (tone, and adorned with M >(aic -vork : thole of brick are ornainen.tcd with glazing and cslours, like Dutch tiles, and the wood- \vori<.and ceilings arc carved, painted, and 2ilt. There is a court to every hoiifc, 'ill which are fquare marble hafins. Tb.e roofs iire liat, and they fleep thereon in the di FEZ tlic ground, thaugh it is rtilc country. It nboiinds p.iliii wmc, and oil, nnd i paths, l)')rtlered with fhady Itch havL a fnrt licrc. M, a iarye town of Kmt, reck of tlic Mcdway, and cd by fm;ill venTcls.' [t is he port of Dover, and is mayor, ii iddcrmen, and has a m.irktt on VV'tdncf- ay ; is famous f .t the brft ng in fttws ; and has fcvr- Hills in it< neighbourhood, remains of a Itately al)l)cv, Sti.phcn, '.vlio \va<; in- with liir, queen and Ion. lif^^uided prince James Jf. embark for I'rancc, after the prinee of Orange, but by the populace, and con- 1 London. Fcvcrlham is nine Canterbury, and 4& E. by S. I. on. o. c,^. E. !at. ci. 21. N. in ancient town of France, tnient of Rhone and Loire I'ince i)f Knre/, O'.'tcd on t!ic ilcs S. W. (if'Lv(]ns. iintrv of Afriev, in Barbn.rv, tile \V'. l^y the At!;infic Gee- s', by the iVltchtcranean Sea, !V A!,cicrs, and <.n the S. hr Tdfilet. It is about i;j i;th, and the fame in breadth, cmpefa'e and wliolefom... aiui full of inountain':, particularly and S. where Mount Atlas ver, it is populous and ftr- ing citrons, kmons, oranut-s, ds, olives, fiz"^, raillns, fugar, , cotton, pitch, and corn in Tlie inhabitHuis breed ca- s, Ihcep, and the fmeft horfit It is watered by fcveral ri- le principal town is Fez. e capital of P"ez, in Africa, eicnt, (Irong, and one of »iic landfomtd cities in all Africa, three towns, called i'.cleyde, •d New Fez. Old Fez. is ihc .lerable, and contains about abitants. The palnces are and there are 700 nioftpHs, arc very tonnderablc, ad.-rni A pillar", and other ornamen's. are built of brick or flone, with M )!aic m ork : thofe of irnaincn.ted with gla/iiig and : Dutch tiles, ancTthe wood- :ilingsarc carved, painted, and e is a court to every houfe, e fquare marble bafins. Tl.c It, and they deep thereon in the FEZ the fummcr. Here arc two colleges for tbjdentb, finelv built •f marble and adorn- ed v.iih paintings : one of thefe has too rooms, and the fidts are adorned with IDarblc pillars of various colours, whole capitals are gilt, and the roof glitters with gold, azure, and purple. Ikrc are many bofpitals, and above 100 nuiilic baths, many of which arc liately ftruihirts. All the tradqs live in a feparate part of the city, and the cxchaniie, tuU of all fotts of rich mcrchanilile, is iifelf as large as a fuvtl! town. Tile gardens arc beautiful, and full of all kinds of fragrant floweis and (hrubs, fo that the city, in general, is a fort of terrcfirial paradile. I'lie in- habitants are clothed like the Turks, and the ladies drcfs is very txptnfive in tie tvinter -, but in the fummer, they wear nothir, but a (Iiift. It is the centre of the trade of this empire, and hence caia- vans go to Mecca, carrying with them ready-made garments. Cordovan le.uher, ind'go, cc-thineal, and oftrich fiathers, for which they bring in return filks, mullins, snd drugs. Other caravans go to Tom- biifteo, and th^ river Niger ; one of which confiftb of ic,coo men. They travel ovr"- fuch dry barren delcrts, that every other camel carries water. Their commodities are fait, cowries, wrought filk, Britilh cloth, and the wouUcn mvinu- faiMures of Barbary. litre art a great number of Jews, who have handfome fy- pagogues, but the bulk of the inhabi- tants are Moors, of a tawny complexion : tlitre are alio a great nutribtr of blacks. It is 160 miles S. of Gibraltar, a"d uo N. E. of Morocco. Lon. 5. 5. \V. lar. 33. 40. N. * Fezzak, a couniry of Afnca, whofe Imall and circular domain, placed in the vaft wilderners, as an ifland in the midti of the ocean, is bounded on the N. bv Tripoli, on the K. by deferts tliar di- vide it from Egypt, on the S. by Bornou, and on the W. by the deferts of Zahsra, lying between i;'' and 30" N. lat. An cxtenfive plain, tncompaflcd by moun- tains, except to the W.compofes this king- dom. To the inlUicnce of thefe heights it may be owing, that here, apes of va- rioir, kin Is ; <,::c of which is called the huaddec, and is celebrated for the fmgu- lar a.Mrei's with whieh, when chafed by the hunters, amid its craggy heifhti, it plun|f;ei from tlic precipice," 'and lighting on its h:;m% without d.mg.-;r of purfutt, rontiniie:; till evening in the vale bcLw. Tiic heats of the fummcr, wlneii conti- nue from April tj Novc rber, are fo in- tenie, that, from nine in the ni.:rning la funl'et,the llrcets are frequented by tlit la- bouring people only : and, even in the houfcs, rcfptration would be difficult, if the expedient of wetting the rooms did not furnifii its fdlutary' aid. From May to the end of z\ugufl, when the wind is ufually from the E. tl.c S. E. the S. or the S. W. tlie heat is often fuch as to threaten inflant fiiffocatian ; but if it change, as f 1 r a few days it fgmctiir.rs does, t.i tJie W. or N. 'W. a revivir.g f/edtncfs immediately fucreeds. But na- ture and cuftom have fo'med their confti- tution to iueh high degrees of heat, that any approach to the common tcmpera- Hitnt of l;)uronc entirely dcftroys their comfort ; for iVIr. Lucas (the geographi- cal milhonary from the Afric.-in aflbcia- tion) often obferved, in his jinirney to Melurata, that when the feorching beat of the meridian fun had eouipeiicd himto feck the fh,;de, his fei!o'.v-trave!!ers, cfrceially if the v.ind were in the N. Lid tiiem- feives down upon the fand, in' the open i'v.n, to receive a double portion of its warmth; and, wiien thev iuquired after his health, they alinoft always concludird with the cxprtHion, " Heack m'andick herd — W'c hope you are not cold." — The difeafesto v/hich the inhabitants are moft I'uij'eft are thofc of the inflammatory and putrid kind. The fmillpox is common ; violent headaehs attack them in the fum mcr; and they arc ifiliited v.ith rheuina- tic pains. Tlicirold women are the prin- cipal phyficians. For headarhs they prc- fcribe cupping and bleeding ; for pains in the limbs they fetid their patients to bathe .in the hot lakes ; and for obltmatc achs and ftrains, and long- continued f;)ffijer» in the mufeles, thev have recourfe, Tike the horfc- doctors of Europe, and the phy- ' r 4 Qcians r FEZ firians nf Barbarv, to the application of a biirnins; iron. Tlic greatcll part of their difeU'ti may he the cunfuquencc of the rlimate, which is certainly the caufe i-t the muititudc of noxi-jus animals that infeft the country. AdJcrs, fnakcs, fcor- pmns, and toads, nre the conftant inhahi- tants of their fields, their gardens, and their houfi;s. Tlie air is crowded with niofquitos ; and perfons of every rank are over-run with all the different kind", of vermin that attack the beggars of Europe ; and though in the fummer, the llcas en- tirely difappt ar, they are fcarctly fcnfible of relief. The natives are of_^a deep, fwarthy complexion ; inclininj;, "in their perfonh, more to the Negro than to the Arabc-ift; their hair a fnort curly black, their lips thick, their nr)fes fiat ana broad, and their (kin cmittintj a very fetid ef- fluvia. They are tall, but not ftrong ; welUllinped, yet indoitnt and inadivc. The t'.wns are chiefly inhabited by luif- bandmcn and flieplicrds; for, thoni;hthey alfo contain the merchants, artificers, mi- nifters of religion, and ofTicers of ment, yet Ejiriculture and paftura^te arc the principal occupations. l"hc lioules are built of clay, with a Hat roof comnol'ed of boughs of trees, on which a quantity cf cnrrh i'i laid. Their drcfs is fimilar to that of the Moors of Barbary. In their common intercourfe, all diftinftions of rank fecm forgotten : the fiierttf (or go- vernor) and the lowcft piebeian, the rich and the poor, the mailer and the fervant, converfe familiarly, and cat and drink to- gether. Generous and hofpitable, let his fare be fcanty or ab\indant, the Fez7an- ncr is defu-ous that others lliould partake of it ; and if 20 pcrfons were unexpeft- edly to vifit his dwelling, th^.'y muft all participate as far as it will -j.o. When they fettle their mr.ney tranfa;tions, they fqur.t upon the ground', and having level- led a fpot with tiicir hands, make dots as they reckon : if they are wrong, they fmooth the fpot again, and repeat the cal- culation. Even tlie byllanders arc as eager to corrett miiiakes as if the affair were their own. In religion, they are rigid, but not intolerant Mahometans. The government is purely monarchical ; but its powers are adminiflercd with fuch paternal regard to the happinefs of the people, the rights of property are _fo re- vered, the taxes fo moderate, and juif ice is dire£\ed by fuch a firm, yet ti.mperatc . hand, that the people are aidently attach- ed to their fovcreign ; a circumftance, to which, no doubt, his acknowledged de- fcent from the prophet has contributed. ■ Gold dull conttitutcs ihe chief medium F I F of pnvmf nt with the Fczzanners ; and va- lue, in that mcduim, is always exprclft'l bv weight. Of the adminilUation of juf- ticc, Mr. Lucas thus rdatts a remarkable circumrtance : " If any man has injured another, and rtfufes to go with him to the juds'e, rlic complainant, drawing a circle round the oppreffor. folemaly charges him in the kintj's n:imc, not to kave the place till the ofi'.ccrs ;.f ,aftice, in fearthof whom lie is going, fhail arrive ; and Inch (if they arc to be credited) is, on the one hand, liis fear of the punifhuient inrtifted on thofe who di!i)' . ' the injunfilion ; and, fo greit, on the - .'. r, is liis dread of the p>.rpctaal banilhiTi. i,t, which, if he feeks his lalctv, by withdrawing from the king- dom, muft be his inevitable lot, that this imaginary prifon operates as a real con- finement, and the offender fuhmidlvely waits the arrival of the officers." Mour- zook is the capital of this country. Fl.\N'o, a town of Italy, in the patri- monv of St. Peter, feated on the river Ti- ber, 1 ■; miles N. of Rome. Fi ANON'A, a town belonging to the re- public of Venice, in Iftria, 17 miles N. of Pola, fcatcd on the gulf f)f Carncro. FiAsroNK, an cpifcopal town of Italy, in the territory of the church, on a moun- tain near Lake Bolfena, 12 miles N. \V'. of Viterbo. It is noted for fine mulcadine wine. Lou. li, 13. K. lat. 42. ,?4- N. FiCARl, a town of CnrhCii, on the S. coaft, zi irdlcs \V. of Bonifacio, and at the mouth of a river of the fame name. FlCHKRUi oi.o, a fortified town of Itidy, in tlie Ferrarefe, feated on the river Po, I z miles above Ferrara. There is a canal from the Po to Tartaro. Lon. 12. 31.E. lat. 45.6- N. Fn;u ANZuoi.o, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Parma, 10 miles S. E. of Placentia. Lon. 9. 44- E. lat. 44. 59. N. FiE7.oi,i, an ancient town of Italy, in the Florcntino, vvith a bifliop's fee a^nd a handfome palace ; five miles N. E. of Florence. Lon. it. 11. E. lat. 43. 49. N. „ FlKK.sHiRE, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the frith of Tay ; on the E. by the Britifh Ocean ; on the S. by the frith of Forth ; and on the W. bv the counties of Kinrofs, Perth, and Clackmannan. It is above ^c miles long ; its greateft breadth 16. «' This county," fays Mr. Pcnr.ant, " is fo populous, that excepting the environs of London, Icarce one in S. Britain can vie with it ; fertile in foil ; abundant in cattle ; happy in col- lieries, in iron, in lime, and freeftone ; ■bleffed in manufaftures ; the property fiimarkably well-divided ; none infulting- ly powerfiil todiftrcfs, and often depopu- late .^^^mimiii^^- F I F th the Fczzanners ; and va- icduim, is always oxprelTt^l •f the ailminilUation of jnf- tlius rtlatis a remarkable " If any nan has injurcil (ts to go wirh him to the aipl.iinaiu, drawing a circle preffor, folcmniy char^';c3 ': n;-.mc, not to kave the fl";ccrs ;.f .ufticc, in I'carthdf )ing, (hail arrive ; and luch be credited) is, on the one of the puniftncnt infliftcd difc' ' the injun€lion ; and, ic'.'. r, is his dread of the IhiTi. 1,1, which, if he feeks withdrawing fn.m the king- e his inevitable lot, that this il'on operates as a real con- d tl-.e offender fiibniiHivtly ival of tilt officers." Mour- ipital of this country, town of Italv, in the pat ri- veter, feated on the river Ti- N. of Rome. , a town belonging to the rc- licc, in Klria, 17 miles N. of on the riiif of Carncro. E, an epiCcopal town of Italv, y of the church, on a moiin- ike Dolfcna, la miles N. W. It is noted for fine imifcadine [12, 13. E. bit. 42. 34. N. a town of Cnrfica, on the S. cs W. of Bomfacio, and at the iver of the fame name. •101,0, a fortified town of l-'errarefc, feated on the river ;s above Fcrrara. There is a the Po to Tartaro. Lon. 12. ',. 6. N. '.CO 1.0, a town of Italy, in of Parma, 10 miles S. E. of Lon. 9. 44. E. lat. 44. 59. N. , an ancient town of Italy, in no, vviih a bifliop's fee and a jalace ; live miles N. E. of Lon. II. 1 1. E. lat. 43. 49. N. KE. a county of Scotlind, the N. by the frith of Tay ; 1' the Britifh Ocean ; on the S. h of Forth ; and on the \V. nties of Kinrofs, Perth, and in. It is above i;o miles long ; breadth 16. <' This county," en rant, " is fo populous, that he environs of London, learce ritain can vie with it ; fertile indant in cattle ; happy in col- iron, in lime, and freeftone ; maiiufaftures ; the property well-divided ; none infulting- todttlrcfs, and often depopu- late F I N late a country ; mod of the fortunes of a ulefiil iiiediucrity. The number of towns is a'lroft luiparailelcd in an (.-(pisl tract ot C'aft ; fertile wliole (here, from Crrtil to Culrol's, aliout 40 miks, is one continued chain (!•' towns and villages." FioEAC, A town of France, in th« de- partment of L't and late province of Q^ierci. It had recently a rich Benedic- tine abbey, founded in ', 5^, and fcciila- ri,r(d in i;;C. It is feittd on the river Selle, 12 links K. of Cahois, and 1-0 S. of l';iri':. Lon. i. ;S. L. lat. 44. 32. N. Fi<,uKiRO-uo;, Vi N Hos, a town of PortU'/al, in E iramadiira, leated ami ng the mountains, near the river Z,i;cre, and remar!c i comma.,,- t Gatehoule. c«t« with the N.lc; 70 miles S W. of ^"^^S^.^^^^^^^^^ , handfome to-vn of O.iro. ''•''"•5°-^Vjf '^'iV.Ut of Denmark, eap.t.l of SUfwick, vvith I Fit'tiK rsr St. v f. it, a itajUMi, -j^ __ .11. 1... „ K-rWrinr- m tl ftn.ngniadi-l.' It has a harbour in the Bilnc Sci ; is a place of confiderablc commerce ; and is i ", miles N. W. ot Slcl- wick. L-n. 9. 47-K-l''t ?4- 5o-N. . Fi.EURUs, a village of the Auftrian Ncitrcrhnds, in the province of Namur, remarkable for a great, but dearly -bought viftory, gained by the Fr.nch, under the duke of Luxemburgh, rver the allies, un- der the prince of VValdcck, m 1690- j^^ is fix miles N. E. of Charlerov, and 1 ? vV . of Namur. Lon. 4. '-(>■ R- '■if- 50- '«• j^- on the Zuidcr-Zec. r . j F I INT, the capital ^if Fhntfhiro, feated on the river Uce. Here are the remiuns of a caftle, in which the \mhappy king Richard H. was delivered into the h^nds C^ni<,u'onthej^df of Venice; n.ated in a valley, and noted lor wine, good hgo, -Tnd <^htr fruits. It is very populous ; and the cathedral is worth obferva-ion It ■:,S«iile.E.ofCabo-di4ftr.a andhib. jcft to the houfc of Auftna. Lon, 14. /m.^uorv of Yorklhire, whofe l>fty S ferve for a direa.on to ( ups. Its lAl ,,c occupied by innumerable multi- tSs ot ic^fowls, r.hich fill .he a.r ar.l ocCTn all Uurlinj;ton land J£:^;:„^Oc;;;"and the Umted^'.. ^rc« on the N. bv Brabant on the F.. by Hai. ault and Artois on the S. and by " mh r part of Artois and tWe German ^.noStheW.bein,,about^6c,^;;l-;; ■ H ;ath 'uTm ::{^^U nJ^U afierward Henry IV. Flmt '^"St^tu:i:rJ^--apa^uUaJd ibndsone member, to parliament ;^b..t. The'^'i '.;i. The manufaaures are •^^;;':^;^:rv;clS^SheW.coaa ,{ N. America, dilcovercd by captain t-S- in I--S. It was foimmed, bccaufe, :tS;tua:hrftdel^ried, the captain had S.^ t. e.pcft to hi^d a harhcmr ; but in .'h T. was^deceived. Itis,nlat.4?.;5. . w Mn ,r± C7. W. In this hricudc gco- .^r;Xhtepl-edthe,pr..naedlira.t ^ff«nderuca;butn3tu,r.ghkeitwas ^''f; vvi-.vT, a town of France, in the . W. of Chefter, and 193 N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. ^ :. W. lat. S3. 16.N. Fi iNTSiURi:, a county ot IN. waies, bounded on the N. and N. E. by an arm of the fea, forming; a large bay, at tlic mouth of the river Dee, which divides it from Chelhire ; on the N. W by the Irifli Sea; on the E. by the river Dee, which cimtiriues to divide it fron>. Ute- ftire. and on the S. and S. W from Dtnbiirhlhire. It is 29 miles in length from N. ^V. to S. K. and iz where broadclK Part of Fiintlhire extends on the £. fide of the Dec, about nine miles, between Chefl.ire and Shroplhire. It is at firR no more than five miles acrols, but fprcads out in its moft caftcrn part ta .bout cicht miles. It is divided into five ■ in which are two market- 28 pariflies. It lies in the dto- Afaph and Chefter. It fends two members to parliament, one for the county, and one for the town of Fhnt. The vallics poffefs coal and frceftone, the hills lead and calamine, with valt quantities of limeftone. The principal I , _!_:-~ A fmnll-intr. Thc H'T- \ \^a \n Viance ; and in tlie ca.ipi-i i.<- ;:: ur to wh.ch'.re depohted Ins heart two memt f,hlt of his queen Marv o' Merhcis, tn' £ bnxes. 'it is feated on the river T .-iW- li miles -N. of Angers. Lon. o. > \V. lat. 4T- 31- >".• . r Cr„tUnd in trade h mining and fmeltmg. - . * Fi.F.FT, a little r vcr of Scotland, in produces wheat : there ts alfo Kirkcudbrightflure. It winds through a *he.n part pr"' „f moun- K^tiful valley, fkreencd by woo y hi^. ^ ^^'^ ^^^ ^,7 ,„, ^ , Wd which open toward the S- On tht \\ . i^n^ frontier. F L I arc feen the v'eftiges of % cal circle, and a viirifitd VViijtoii Bay by the rifing oul'e. n, a handfome to.vn of it»l of Skfwick, with a It has a harbour in the a place of confiderablc isMmilcsN.W.of Slcf. 47. E. hit 54. 50. N. I village of the Auftnan 1 the province of Namur, a great, but dearly-bought by the Fri-nch, under the iburgh, fver the allies, un- of Waldcck, in ifto"- \^ [i. of Charlerov, and 1 5 W. y.\. 4. i6. R. Lit. 50. 'O. N. town of France, in .hede- ,v;nc and Loire and late lurgundv, 30 iniles N. of 1.4. 50.' E. lat. 47. 13- N. i.Y Island, an iiland on )lland, at the entrance of the capital Jif Flint(hiro, feated )cc. Here are the rem;iins 1 which the \mhappy king iras delivered into the hands iftcrward Henry IV. Flint :nibcr to parliament ; but it c, without trade, and the af- at Mold. It is II miles N. cr, and 193 N. W. of Lon- . 2. W. lat. S3. 16.N. RE, a county of N. Wales, the N. and N. E. by an arm "orming a Urge bay, at the river "Dec, which divides it re ; on the N. W by the n the E. by the river Dee, riues to divide it from Che- 3n the S. and S. W. from c. It is 29 miles in length i'. to S. K. and 11 where 'art of Flintfliire extends on of the Dee, about nine eeu Chefl.ire and Shroplhire. no more than five miles acrofs, out in its niort caftcrn part ta miles. It is divided into &ve in which are two market- 's parities. It lies in the dro- Afaph and Chefter. It fends .TS to parliament, one for the J one for the town of Flint. s poffefs coal and frceftone, lead and calamine, with vaft of limeftone. The principal ining and fmehing. The nor- produces wheat : there is alio ,d. A lofty rang* of moun- on tlic W. and forms a bold frontier. F L O F L O tute .V 1., ,l.-n-. tlf citv of Florence, and the bcsutiful fror.t-cr. This county .. entire ydcR - ti.e .^ ^^.^,^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ .^ of the f< ihl, u'^'^.lly V"^'\ '?,-,.,, V n/, Ttie prolpefV is bounded rn ''''^^7\Xt^^^ e:";-fidc Sv an.f Phithcarre of fertil. ,.uv Oi mi- ', ,,,,./ adorned with coimtry-houlcs and 1 here l^ good bu.ur. hilU - ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^..^ ^^^ ,,_^ ^^^_ nofite fide of the Arno from the famous 1 .. .1 < -..I I r,«,/. ,f >,.-is name. - - . 're-a I'.upruy ot mil.-.- fame yield a ^, tielh is cvcclUn . ■■-... 'i . ,1,,. „,. chce'c, Mid honey, of v> nich 1 ■ ft tl u. na- th^ mkemctK.hi.awhcU^i-':^^"^: J^h utcd in tho,i. rar:. The prmc^l rivers ore rlie Clwyd, W heeler, Da, .jc- vion, FUvy, and Aaen. . , „ , . "^Vix, I' town of Spain, m C.alo., '-.lUcry. It has been enlarged lince it was purch.i led from the ruined family of Titti. 'II.- furniture is rich and cunous ; hut th" mofi valuaiilc ovnam.'ins are the paint- l-Mx, a town ui v^j....... - - ■ yj „.,,!ic,.y juft mentioned, at- ftrnns both hs art and l^^^"-;^' ^"' ^.^J '^, ^,:,,k[ att^ini n. One of the upon a peninlula in the rr.er hbru, \\lur- ti-.i u ^^^ ^^ .^ .^ ^^_ „„i„inn and defended by a cal=.le budt i.pon a" ciT.inenrc, which commands h.e tovn, .ndnrai-'itisawaterfalL Itis2omd3 S. of Lcrida. Lcn. o. iC L. .at. 41. '-'f-^.o RENTE, an ancient, hrge, ind ce- lebrated city of Italy, cpital ot lufcnny w upon a penuiiuia ii. >"- ■■■-■ :,.a,"H m it mnrellinij pans (f it, in the opinion i,^,n.kel .n elbow, ferses ^^^^^^^ ^t^^, , u/iJJies ..F Roman emjleror,. of a d.tch, and may be ^ ";^^^'' ^^ ^ "^^ f,,,,,, j;,,',,,, Cr.far to GaHicnu-:, which i. r.nmd it. It is covered h> "™"";" ^-^ ..j,^,,-,-' ,, ™pl,tc. The celebrated Venus that fidc where the nver 'l;;';^ "",^ .pals, ^^^^^^^^^^^[^^^ j^^,„^, ^,,1 „,- „ft, i„ female bcautv ar.d proprrtion, is in a room called the Triuuual. The iclcripti'.ii on the p(-dcrt,.l, alVribes it to Clcnmenes, aa Athenian, the fon of ApoUodorus. It is nf white mari.le, and fur rounded by other 01 1 uic«ny. maftcrpicccs or Icuhnure, faid to be the - , -r , ,„„ l-vclufiveof works of Prnxittlcs and other Greek it is a verv beautiful '^''X' -^2';,^^°,; ^.ft, p., Befulc the gallery and tribunal, the churches and P'-":;, ' : jf ;V\' .' "h, |„,ndredth part of whofe treafures it are magnificent the =>' ^;'^'"'' 'J=/ V, ', is impolhble .0' particularize here, there lioufes in general ,s .n a ^ ';^J^«« ' V,d are o'ther rooms, wh.fe cements are in- ftrects are remark^nMy ''\''']'^'''\J'^". .,„.„.,4 by the names thty bear; as the ^,b large broadftoncs^hHcle^fo ^ n, diea^ J ^^^^^ ^^ ,a,on ^, ^^ J f^V &c" I'he gallery of portraits thJrjverArno.ove,^.dnch ai^c^t. 1^ ^::;;^::, the portrait^ al^xecLd by : than four bridges iii h,,ht ^;\,-^ tl.cmfelvcs of the mod eminent painters ,, Tluit called the I'on.e e I r 1 . .., s ..-nia_^ ,^^^^.^^^ ._^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^P._^^ ^^^ uncommonly elegant. Jt IS iniiitnurv centuries. Thev amount to' of white marble, and "'""='"'., J. S X\c Z Three of them, which have four beautiful ftatues. rcprefc.n irg the n;;^;= -°°^ [^^ -^ ^.^.,1^ ;,,^ fi„,ft ;„ ^"^'^ YcT ^'uiJ^Se endJZ Sl^c^heaion-ti^^le of Mengs fir Jofhua on each fide, »"'*,^';^,,Xv^h'e river Reynolds, and the eieftrcls dowager of p,rt of '°--^,f ' ar'^^Kic ftreets SaLy. It is in vain to atretiipt a de. runs, by far tlie ''"eit. x ^ fa-iwion of the churches and other public fquares, and fronts or ^'^^ P^'""'' '!' buiidin-. But the ehapel of Loren.o muft r''°"o? tl-L\ftreSn:d:/n maTe:.: not^e^mitted. It is"; perhaps, the fineft iome of tlitm D\ ii.e utie ■ e r.,„,„,n, pn.t moft expcnfive haoilation that ever Michael Angelo, Bandmclli, Donate , am tpo e^p .^ .^ .^^^^^^^^ Giovanni di B-l°g-' ^^^"V^ '^^,„Vm 1 w th Jr cious ftoncs, and adorned by the and others. Some ot the Florentine mcr , ' (. ; f f^e bcft modern fculp- chants,fo,merly. were men of vaft we,dth ;« ^^'^^ "J^^wirnn remarked, ttiat this and lived in a magmUcent man er O to,^. M ■ ^^ ,_.^^..^ ., ^^^^ .^ of them, about the ""o ,!e of '^e > >i ^^ " ^ " in^peffible but the family of Medici tury, bmlt that ""^';^, ;:^' f J^ ^^ iJ^, l"^ J^tinft before their burial-place i, V'^l "o" Phti ' H w^'s rS ed bv tl e finifiied." This ha, aftually taken place. Talarvo Tuti. "%' ^ .'^ , ,■ ^^,,5^1, ti,^ Medici family is extinft, and the , pHKhgHUisexpenceof h.sU In ,w ^ ';,,^.i „„fi„iihed. ' Florence is a place of : ^vas immediately piireh-ired ^ V - ^ a c, JH^^ ^^^ ^^,,^^^;_^^ ,„ archhiftiop'. family, anc has -ntu d o r c o 1 ^ ^^^ ^^ .^ ^^ ^.^^^ .^_ ^^ ^u^^^yr^X^-X^n^tothis Bologna^nd^t23N^;V^ofRome. Lon; palace, are on t^ie ''"'-"y,;^ -^^;- ''Y\];li:s^^r.fr^n of France, in S- b"" d re'";:":;' :^ ;: a^d^^:::^ tl.' department of Maine and Loire and :' he Sgher walks is a Complete view of late province of Anj >u, f.ated on he FLO Loire, 10 miles from Angers, with a late rich Ikncai.Mine -.iblicy. Fi-ORKNTiN, St. a town of France, in the ilcpiirtmtiit of Yoiinc ami hlc pro- vince of Biiii^undy, at thL' tonthitnce of the Armaiire antl Armaiiq'.n, i^ miles M. F,. of Aii>;crrt, and 80 S. E. of P.iris. Lou. 3- 5 5-l*^- l-it. 4'i. '• N. Fi.oRi NTivo, one of the three pro- vinces of Tnfciuiy, in Italy ; b^nindcjl on the \V. by the repiil'lic ol Lucri, aiul the tcrrito.y of MoJcn:\ ; on tlie- N. by the Aiipennine innuntiins ; on tlic P.. bvr the Juthy of Urbino. The Arno rifis in this province, and nins thro'.iglv rhe nnddle ot It from I'l. to VV. and the number of fni.ill fireanis it receives; renders the c )Untiy *ery fertile. Florence i> the cipital. Flokes, a fmall fertile ifliiui, one of the Arores, lyinj; in ^0. 5^ ^^'- '""• =""■' xn. 34. N. lat. Florida, a country of N. America, bounded on the N. by G.-orpia, on the IL hv the Atlantic Ocean, on tl'.e S. by the gulf of Mexico, and on the W. by the Miffitlippi. It is 6co nules long, and 150 Woad, lying between 25° and 3t'; N lat. and 82-^ and qj" W. Ion. Ic is divided into E. and W. Florida. St. Auguftine is the capital of the former, and Penlacoia of the latter. The country about St. Au- guftine is by far the moft unfruitful ; yet, even here, two crops of Indian corn are annually produced. The lianks of the rivers are of a iuperior quality, and well adapted to the culture of rice and cum. The interior country, which is high and pleafant, abounds with wood of almotl every kind ; particularly white and run oak, pine, hiccorv, cyprels, red and white cedar. The intervals between the hilly parts are very vich, and produce iponta- neoufiy the fruits common to Georgia and th'i Carolinas. But this country is valu- able, in a particular manner, for the ex- tenfivc rangCK for cattle. Florida was dif- , covered by Sebaftian Cabot in 1497. Hav- in>- often chanced maftcrs, htlongintr al- 'crnaielv to the French and Sjianiards, it - was coded by the latter to the Eng!i!h in ff.i; in whole hands it continued till ,78i,'\then it was taken by the Spani- ards, and ceded to them by the treaty of peace in 1783. , ^ , . „ F't.oTZ, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Walachia, leated on the river Genifla, near the place where it falls into the Da- nube, oppofite A\iopoli. Flour, St. an epifcopal town ot France, in the department of Cantal and late province of Auvergne. Good knives are made here, and its fairs are famous for the file of rouks and rye. It i» leated F O K on a mountain, 4^ miles S. of Clermont, and 150 S. of I'arii. Lon. 3. 11. E. lat. 41;. ». N. Fi.vsniNO, a handfome, Prong, and conlidcrable town of the Unitcil Pro- vinces, in Zealand, and in the iihnd of Walchcixii, with a good hirbour, and a great fortij'u trade. It was put into the hands of rpicen IClifabtth a. a^lecurity tor the money ihe advi'nccd. It is one of the three places which Charles V. advifeJ Phi'ip II. to prcCcrve with care. It is four milts S. \V. of MidJ.cburg. Lon. 3. 3;. n. Int. 51. ig. N. Focii abkrV., a io>vu of Banfffliirc, in Scotland, fealtd in a plain, near the liver Spev. ll:re-is Gordon Cafile, the prince' ly manfiun of the duke of Gordon, now I'rtatly mn:krui/.cd. It is luvrounded by ancient trees and elegant pKafarc grounds ; the adjacent hills downed by vail planta- tions of ur and other trees. In thu town, many girl; are employed in ipinning, and in th'e ni.uuifaflure of fcwini^ thread, un- der the patrona;';e of the duthefs. It is 4S miles N. VV. of Aberdeen. FocHiA Nova, a town of Natolia, ia Afia, ttated on the gulf of Saiulerly, with a good harbour, an '. a calUe. The Vene- tians defeated the Turkilh fleet, near this place, in 16-0. Foimtia', a town of the kingdom of Niples, feared near the river Cerbero, 10 miles E. of Maafrcd.jnii. FoowAii, a town of Hungary, fcated on the Danube, oppofite Coioci:a. Lon. 19. 30. E. lat. .1^6. 39. N. Fo(; ARAS, a town-and caftle of Tran- fvlvania, on the river Alaiita, 30 miles N. E. of Hermanftadt. Lon. 15. 15. E. lat. 46. 30. N. Fog 1. 1 A, a river of Italy, which rifes on the ccnrmes of Tafcnny, croU'es the duchy of Urbino, and falls into the gulf uf Vtiiice at Pifaro. ■ For;o. See FuKOo. FoiA, an ancient town of N.itnlia, in Ah.!, on the gulf of Smyrna, 30 miles N, of the city of that name. It has a goad harbour, and a ftrong ca!He._ FoTX, a town of Frince, in the de- partment of Arriege and hue ciunty of Foix, featcd on the river Arrisge, at the foot of the Pyrenees, eight milf:s S. of Pamiers. Here is a nianurAiUire of eoarfe woollen cloths, and foiiic copper-mills on the river ; that metal being here a con- fulcrablc objeft of com.iierce. Lon. i. 3z. E. lat. 43. o. N. FciKiKN, a province of China, bnundtd by Chekianir on the N. by Canton on the S. anvl on the othir parts by the fca, be- ing oppofirc to the laandof Formofa. The ° ^ climate ^llv'^ ^ O K yf. miles S, of Clermonf, ['ansi. Lon. 3. u. E. , harKirome, dronp, and rn of the United Pio- nd, and in tlic iihnd ot' 1 a godd hirboiir, iind a ulc. It was put into the lUifabtth a; a I'ccin-iry for iv:'.iiccd. It is otic ot the liich Char!(;s V. advifcd F O N ^ F O R rcfcrvu witli caic. It is Lon. of Miiljicburj!^ • -9- ^'• , a to'.vn of BanfFfliirc, in in a pliin, near tlic liver lOidoi) Ciftlf, the prince- lie duke <,'f Gordon, now ;cd. It is 1\ IV rounded by elegant plt.aCarc grounds ; Is Clowned by vail plant^- nhcr trees. In thu town, rrnplovcd in ("pinning, and lire of fcwinir thread, iin- igf of the duchel's. It is of Aberdeen. VA, a town of Natoiia, in tlie gulf of Sandtrly, with an: a calUe. The Venc- he Turkilh fleet, near this town of the kingdom of lear the river Cerbero, 10 tfrcd.jnii. town of Mungary, featcd , oppoiite Coioci:a. Lou. ^6. 39-N. , .^ town -and caltle ot Tran- river Abiita, 30 miles N. adt. Lon. 25. 15. 12. lat. river of Italy, which rifes IS of Talcnny, croU'es the [o, and falls into die guU of o. - FUEGO. ncicnt town of N.itoha, in idf of Smvrna, 30 milas N, that name. It lias a good f^rong caiilc._ )wn of Fnnce, in the dc- Lrric;;e and lace county of 1 the river .^nit';je, at the 'vrcnces, ciuht niih:s S. of •c is a nianufadure of coarfe and loiiie copper-mills on at metal bc'mg here a con- l of comi.ierce. Lon. i. 32. N". province of China, hnundid !n th;' N. by Canton on the ; othir parts bv the fea, bs- I vhe iHandof Formofa. The ^- climate J L i.t,.. tin,4 C\Ac bv the Pvrencan mountains. chnatcishot.butthcairpureandhcaUhy. Mnd^ mc^^^^ .^^ x^^ ^,^^^^ ^^^^^^ _^^_ placed one above another. . \''<^y;;^^'^,!'^ *^i.uVTF.N AI-I.F.-CoMTF, a handfc mufk, precious ft'""^^- n;:Y'''"Vn n town of France, ill the department hnen,c'li.oes,f.eel an.lalMort,olt n- ' : ^ 'e^'.d la.:c province 'of Poi, fds. Kverv town hts ir, ^^^^^^^^^-^^^ \^r:': ,„„,„,, „vauufarture, an.1 its which'iVVery inconvenient for traveller The inhal.iranis are much attached to tlie fctences. and it produces a i^v^^i number of learned men. . , ,- ... 1., Fot..o.s>. «n opifcopal t'^-" "\ ^^^ K. of Ro^uUe." Lon. o. 53. W. lat. 46. in th. territories ot the pope, and dlfti.et r._ W of Umbria. It 1^ a trading place, re- 30. .n. fome of i iv..^., -.— "'"'' iVhas a woollen mai'iufarture, an'1 its fair is famous for cati'c, ami paiticul.^rly for mules, on w'.iich Utl acccuut it is rclo-t:« to bv the Spinianls. It is leatcd on the river Vendee, near the fea, 1$ miles N. markable for its fweetmeats, paper-mi Is, filk manufaftures, and fairs. It is feated on the dechvity of a mou-ram, ne.r a fine fertile plain, 69 miles N. ot Kome. Lon. 12. 24. v.. lat. .p.-V^-N. FoLKsrosr.a town of Kent, with a market on Tlairlday. It %vas once a llouiilhing town, of l.rge extent, contain- ".''; r-'ruur'^undy, remarkable for a bat- ing hve pariih ^^-;;'-' -^-'> ,^:;^;:;^ ]^t:^^.^.A, between the Gcr- reduced to one fmall chuich, and t-iree t ^ French, in which were Snslilh Channel, ei^ht miles b. W . ot 23. N i'oN-TEN'oY, a village of Auftrian Hainsalt, remarkable for a battle between the Allies and the French in 1:4?, in which the former weie worlled. It i» four miles S. W. of Tourn ly. Lou. 3. 16. E. lit. so. 31.'^. FoNTENOY, a village ot France, in the department of Yunne and late pro- Dover, and 72 !•- 1^/S. of London, i. 14 E. lat. 51. 5. N. ^ , , ■ FoVDt, an cpifcopal town of the king- dom of Naples, feared on a fertile plain FoSTFVR AULT, a town of France, in the department of Maine and Loire and l;te province of Anjou. Here was a fa- mous abbey, founded by l<.obtrt d'Arbrif- • 00. It was the chief but in a bad ^r, near^i f^^'J'lX '^l rrlferorde;; which, by a fingu- name ; 4;^ nules N. W. ot Lapua. ana 5 . _^ ^^ ^^^ f„,,„^.^^^ confiftcd of S. E. ot Rome. Lon. 13. ^4. L- 1«. 4.- j^^^^^^ ^.^^^^^ ^^^, ^^^ j,^,,,^,^^, „f ,,1^;,^ svas *z-N. ,„.,m nf Vnncc a woman. Queen Hertradc, lo famous m i„^r^;:^^:^of^:rl^ ssr ^cf t.ti-^i ^::i^'^::vi:^U^XJ^^ f~^^^^ tjos.w.ofParis. ririi^g ^at of ihe lat^ kings of Frai^^ Lc. o. o a^4:. 9- N. ^^^.^^^ .^^^ ^^^_ It was hrO embellUhed by I'ranci^ I. and ^ "^^ '^^ ^^^ '^f ^^ance, in the depart- each fuecelV.vc king added lotjiething to u erabie t-vn ot J , ^^^^ F i, ., i„ronuieh that ,t was one ot the huert ment «? 'he ^ ' ^^ ^J^^^ ^,_^ .^ J^ ^, pleafure-lioufcs m the world. It flan s ncc o 1 , ^,^^ .^^^^^ ^^^^^ L the muht ot a torefl, 35 -'^ S^'^' "^ t,c Its Roman name was Forum Ne- ''^F0VT';TNE:L-^"Ev^F:^-;,'a^u,wn of ronl. h is 20 miles N^ E. of A.x. FrL°:,'fn"thc dcpartV.nt of the North Lot, . 4S. E- ^f ^'^ ^^ „f (.er- ..d late ™ce cj ainaiih near t e J^^l^^^^,^ J ,„ ,He bifljopric river Satribre- ; three n^^' « Y,. N. of IJan^bug, with a line arlena ; leatcd Bifeay,reatedonapeninfulamtl,efea- BamWrg. Lon. ... .- E. 49 Ihore, and on the river Hidanoa. It is -^^-J^; .^ j^^f , ^wn of H.amo- clivity of a hill, and lurrounded on the la:. 50. 36. rM, ^^^^^ 1 I Durchcll ' was iiKi V K. It ii 60 miles N. W' Durchcftcr. inDorfctllua-. Acaulcwy °" ^ ; ..^ ,,;' ,„,tnt ami cmfidmUc was MKulc over the moor hc.;c to the L. r . _^^^ ^,f ^ ^^^.i-^^y of end of Dorclwl\er, with a brid-e over .he Kro.nc.ia ,747. for the more convo- nient ai>d Idr. il.nn^'-ou'i road to DoichU- tcr.to which it wn formuly a luaurl towu of ita.v, capital of a ttriitory of the I'ainc naiiK, in RomaE;na, with a bilhoiV. Ice. The puohc ftruaiirt» arc very handf .me, and it is icatcd in a fertile, r.to which it wn forn.uly " '"t^^';;^^,,, , J,i,y, ,„j pUnfaiU count,y, . ..nilcs S iurnts.and conui.onalty. U is noted tor i4 c<;cc!lent tro.i,.,. and lies « y^--. "'>lf N. E.of CanttrUury.a'ul cit,ht VV .of Saivl- ^"''^F OR F.I. AN- 1), North, a promon- tory, ^vhich is .he N. l- P-mt -t the Itte- of Thanet, in Kent. It is alu. the nwft 1-onthcrn part of .he P"" "' ^on- don, whicK i:^ thence c.«ende-.. Ion. and 12" and 25'^ N. lat. about |,oo m'lc« E. of Canton in China. It is lubje« to tile Chineic, who, notwithtlandinK n» proximity, did not know of its cMlkncc till the vear i45?- It is about zs5""'« ^t nn^ t..-thc point. cdUd the Na.. j ;^-r-^U;.,,. A l^^g cluin/ Edcx, a-nl tonus the mo d 'fj^ ^o Lains. n.nnin, from N. to S. d.vuks m cuex, ni'vi i> ,11. Thtmcs. Here is a r.-and brick t-wer, ncj So feet hii;h. ercckd by tlie I nn.ty lloufe, for a feaniark. V Fo'' '! „ , , Uloture -, and laid to have been rr,arl found at irs bottom. l"'^\''^^'' ^^f,',j ,„ ,;.„nory of a viaory obtained mile-. W. of Montrolc Lon. z. 54- W. cre^c. ^^^^ ^^^^^^ /^^^^^^ ^j_^.^. ^^^j ^^,,.^,^, ^^^^k;!"; town of France, in the ^^ ^^^^'S^n iAandof the At- depra-tmcnt of Lower Seme and ate J"'^^ ^„, ,f ^le Canaries, 65 province of Normandy, ruaurkiolc tor lu Ixuic U-t. , , ^^,j„^ U K it ii 60 miles N. \V- 40. E. l.it. 49. 3S. N. " citnt and c.>nridcraLlc apital of a territory of in Romagiia, with a ic j)ii))Iic ftrui'.hirct are id It is ilatcd in a fertile, ant coiintiy, 1.) milts S. 1 40 N. IC. of Florence. It. 44. 16 N. I town f)f Italy, in the Peter, with a tine palace, prince of Chigi. arj;c illand in rhc Eafttrn 1 19" and isi" K. Ion. N. lat. about 100 inilci China. It is lubjc/^t to vhn, notwithrtandin^ tt* not know of its txillcncc :■. It is about z ^5 milts rur.il. A long chain of ng from N. to S. divides IS, the R. and W. The fort of Zealand, in liie 4. 'I'l.is fccured to them t of llie iflind. TlKywtrc n idft I, by a Chineft pi- matle hunlelf maftf r of all But, ill 16S1, the whole ^ to tlie emperor of China. tenfne and fertile plains, cat number of rivulets that mouni.iins. Its air is pure : i and the earth produces orn, rice, iSiC. Moft of the are found here, and many (.pe. Tobacco, fugnr, pep. and ci-iinamon are alfocom- .'omc water, fu for drinking, ,£; wanting in Formofa ; and ordinary, that every kind of 1 deadly poifon to Ihangers, remedy has been hitherto he 2:d of May 1781, this s overwhchiied, and alniolt eJ, liy a furious hurricane uindation of the Tea, plealant little town of Mur- :ot!and, iituated on an cmi- a I'mall river, two miles to iver Findhoru. It contains ne lioufes, and manufaftures d fewing thread. A litth; icar the road, is a remark - called Kin^ Seven's or ;, above 20 Feet high, and covered on both fides by ire ; and laid to have been nory of a viflory obtained ■s, before their final retreat in icoS. TUKA, an idand of the At- one vf the Canaries, 6^ ni'.le« F O W miles in length, and of a very irreirulir trtadth, confining of two ptnuifuU* jomtd bj an illlinius 11 miles in breadth. It produces plenty of wheat, barley, beeves, and goats. Lon. 14. z6. W. lat. iS. 4. N. * Forth, one of ihc fincft rivers in Scotland, which rifts mar the bottom c)f Lomond Hills. Bitwun Stiilio;^ and Alloa, it winds in a beautiful and liirprif- ing manner ; fo that, altlioUj',h it is but four miles by lan 24 iiy water be- tween tliefc two places. After a couifc of near 40 miles, it meets the lea a little below Stirline, wlieri' it forms the noble elluary, called tlie fritli of Forth. A cumnmnicatioii between this river and the C'lvde, by a canal, is iv w happily accom- plirtltd. Sec Ca.VAI.. CJItKAT. ■ FuuruosK, a -Ivcavcd lior(nij^;h of RofsUiiie, in Sci;ilaiid, Iituated on the Murray Frith, nearly oppolitc Fort George. FoisANO, a ftroni^ town of Piedmont, with a bifhop's fee ; featcd on the Sturc, 10 mile? N. K. of Coni, and 17 S. E. of Piynerol. Lon. 7. 56. E. lat. 44. 45. N. Fosso.MHKONK, a town of Iialy, in the territory of the Church, and in iHe duchy of Urbino, with a bi!i.op'.s fee ; ftated near the river Metro, lO miles S. W. of Pelaro, and li S. K. of Urbino. Lon. 12. 4S. E. kit. 43. 40. N. FoTHERiNGAY, a town of Norrhamp- tonfliire, nine miles S. of Stamford, near the river Nen. It is chiefly nor;d for the ruins of the caftlc, in which Mary, cjuten of Scotland, was beheaded. FoL'E, an ancient and large town of Lower Eeypt, leaicd on the river Nile, in a delightful country, 25 miles i. of Ro- fetto, and 40 E. of Alexandra. Lon. 3 j. 15. E, lat. 31. 12. N. FoiJGEKEs, a town of Frrince, in the department of Maine and Lcirc and late province of Bretagnc, with an ancient caftle. It is featcd on the river Coefnom, 1 5 milts N. E. of Rennes, and 1 50 W. of Paris. Lon. i. 13. W. lat. 48. 22. N. FouLsnAM, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Tuefday, 16 milts N. \V . of Norwich, and 111 N. E. of London. Lon. I. 7. E. lat. 5?.. 51. N. FouRNEAVX IsLAXD, a fmall circu- lar iflaiul in the South Ijea, fituateJ in 17. II. S. lilt, and 143. i. W. Ion. FovVEY, or FoY, a borough and fea- port of Cornwall, witii a market on Sa- turday. It is featcd at the mouth of the river Fowey, and has a oinfiderahl? Ihare in the pilchard filhery. It is 3?. n;ilcs 3. W. of Launtefion, and ;nntl at the tow n of the (.une name. • I'ox I'^r.ANPs, a ^;roup of iflands inl the N. Archijiel.igo. Tliey are ifi in niim- litr, .mil are litu.iltd between the i'", toaft of R.Hintlcli Ilka and the W.roiilt of Ame- rica, between s:" and s^" N. lat. Earb illdud U.\j a peculiar name ; but this i^c*- netal nunc is j'ivcn to the whole gruiir>, on iiccoiint of the great number vf black, grey, aiul red foxts with which they abound. The drtls of the iiil'abitains tonliils of a i.ip, and a fur coat, which reaches djwn to the knee. S^InL of them WL ir ccmnun caps ()f a p.irtv-colojrcil Wrd fhin, ujioii which ihey ksvo part of the wln;rs ,ind tiil. On the fore )'Trt of their h^-itiu;^ and fifhin;; caps, they place a fmall board, like a Ikrccn, adijrr.tJ with the jawbones of lea-bears, and orn imentej \vitli i^^^bil', bcad'i, which they receive iit barttr tr;)!u the Ruffians. At their fcfti- val';, and d:iiiciiig parties, tlity u(e a much more lliowy fort of cajw. 'lliey ftej upon the fledi of all forts of fea animal*, and I'cner.illy cr.t it raw. iJut, A-hen they tlrelb iheii' food, iluv make ufe of a hol- low rtoue, in which they place the fifli or llefh : th(y then cover it with another, and dole the inter!'! ices with lime nr clay. They next lay it horizijntally on two fl"nes, Bnd light a fire under it. 'l"he provifion intended for keepini';, is driid without fait in the open air. Thew wenpons are bows, arrows, and dirts ; and, frjr dctence, thry ule wooden Ihitlds. The moll ptrfett equ .l:tv reiL'ns among them. Thev have neither tbufs nor fu- periors, neither laws nor pi'uil/iments. fhey live toj^chcr in faniilits, and focic- tics of fcveriil families united, which form v/hat they c.ill a rice, who, in cafe of at- tack or defence, mutually aid each other. The mhrt. iunts of the lame ill,rc very common among them, and, more p•.•rticu!^^iy, when the inhibitants of one iliaiul are viiitcd by thofe of another. The men of the villai^e meet their gueih, hew- ing dnuns, and preceded by the women, who !:n)r :i;;ii dance. At tho ctnciuliotv of the dance, the hods ferve up tl.cvr bell provifjotis, and invite tbtir guefti to par- t;ikc oi the fcaft. They ferd their chii- drru, v.hcn very youn;r, with the cc.~.rle!t lieili. and for the moft part taw. If an infant cries, the mutiur inim(xiiaf..!y car- ries 1 rmr i# rie* it to the fe.ifide, and wlip'hcr it he fiimiTi'T or winter, liolHi it naked in the VBt';r nil it is fimet. Tlus is to f.ir (mm Au\i\y, the tuilJim anv hirni, that it h.irdtn% thcni .igainn ilif fol.l ; and iIk y •crordinj'ly go liart''j.i«.iit in nmll of tli'.ir ■ftioii!. ; Init It' iiii injiiiy, or cvin a nitre fidpicion, P'lile tiiein fi'iin this phli^m.i- tic ilaf., th^y bee me fumus iwid in- flexible, taking ttic mull violent rivi.ii>;«» without any riL.iiid to the ci>nrtc)Ueiiei .. The leaft atllii'tioii piompii thcin to lui- cide ; the ap(iii.lii-iiili'n it even an uncrr- tain event i.'ftcn leads th'. m to dtip.iir ; and thiy |mt an end l> their div:, with great Hppaitiit inlennbilitv. The Rul- li«n« call thclc uMndili • I.yirie Olkov i. Fkaca, ri t wn of Spain, in Arra;4on, with a handri'Mic c;.ftlc. It U I^ronj; by ti- tuati»n. and from 41'* 50' to CI* N. lit. From the I'vrenees in rtic S. to Dunkii!. Ill liii N. ii> extent m ('J< iiiiles, and (oimfii nj; more from the motl ealtcrljF part of AHhec ti the nioft welkni point of Hiitt.inv ; whiih provinc*. it muif. bcol)ltrvid,exlen !sabo\t 100 miles fdrtlitr into the oct o> tlinii any other pait of the country. 'I'he t 'iniatc is temperate ; the air pure and whoMome ; and the loll, svliith i's aitrteably divtilified, product* al the nectilariij of lilc, and, anions; its luxuries, (oMir of the niill cxcilltnt wines. Tbc pririci|Ml rivers arc? the Seine, Loire, Rhone, and (lironi'e, with many others, tint i;ivt n line to the new j^eojjraphical divifion of tills country into dcpartmentu. The moll conliderable niountjuiii, IilIuIc the Alps aiul I'yi enecs, are thofe of the CevcniiLS ;ind Auver'.;iic. France was liti.lv an .I'jiohite monarrhv, and was di- viiled into fevcral liiilit ir) jvivernmcnt^., or provinces. Thei'e utrc Alfacf, An- j;ouinois, Anjou, Arniajrnac, Arioi,. Au- iii-, Aiivrri;nu, Harroh. Bariiuei, lluvirn, lUrry, Hi;; irre, Blafois, Ujuloiiiiois, Uour- bonnols, Brefte, Hrittany, Burgundy, Canibielis, Chaiiipii:,ne, Coufcrans, Daii- pliiny, l"oreA, Foix, Franche Comte, French Flanders, Gaf'cony, Geva'.idan, Guienne, French Ilainault, llle of France, Lani-ucdoc, Liinolin, Lorrain, Lvonois, Marclit, Maine, Marfan, Na- varre, Nivcrnois, Normaiulv, Orltanoij, Perche, Ptrigord, Picardy, I'oitou, Pro- vence, Queifi, Rnucrirur, Roufillon, Saintnnk,e, SoilFonno's, Touraine, Vtlay, and Vermandois. TheCe varied much from each other in point of extent and importance, and there were others of Hill inferior confideration. The population of the whole is eAimatcd bv the French at 2^,000,000. The ctlaiilillied rtli;;ion was the Romnn Catholic ; and the eccle- fiaftical divifion of the crnntrv vvas into iS archbilhoprics and ii^ tpifcopal fees, txclufive of Avignon, Cnrptntran, Cai- vaillon, and Vail'on, which belonged to the pope. Bur, in 17S9, a very wonder- ful revolution took place. The der;ni<;cd f.tuation of the finar.cts of the country, ocrahoned, in a confidcraWe degree, by the American war, had ieduced his moil Chrlflian niajefty to convoke, firft an af- femhly of tht notables, or principal men in the kinedoiii, and next (on the intf- feilual rclult of their deliberations) the ftatcs- ■ ■>.*-■ T"R A ~ " the Alps uhich fepantch u!. Sa. iiv. ii'iil ritiln\(jiit ; lie Miilitcrrancati Sia ami lit It kiiigil.jiii it is Uimlcii ;«i J ami an tlic W. by tiie n ; fxtinilin.; frnin t,'' s •'.. K»n. ami from 41° ?c' '" Fmni lilt I'vrtncis in rtie . in ilu N. ii'. extent i« (>ii iLthiii|; iimrc fi'im tiii; nioll ( Airacct.)thc niort wclUrn nv ; whith pp'viiice. n inuik icn liabiiM; 100 mill'', farther tluiii any other part of the ic I'inutc is tcinperatc ; the wholcli-MTic ; ;iiut tliu loll, rttahly t'.ivtiritkil, pri'iiucts .iriu ut" lilc, and, -awnr^ its ■ (.f the nv.rt excellent wiiics. I rivers arc the Stinc, Loire, C'liri'ni'e, u ith many others, nc to tlic new gtojjraphical 11;. cniiitry into deparliTiints. iMl"i!tr.il)lc mountains WMc I I'yienecs, art tbufc of tlic ii'l Auver-ne. France wns oliitc nxinnrchy, anil was di- fevcral military ijMvernnicnt^, . Thcfc utrc'Alfatf, An- njiii, Armairnac, Arioi.. Au- tiij, IVirroi-. Bahiues, lUvirn, rvL, Blat'>i<, 15.)ulunni!is, Duur- refle, Hrittany, Burgundy, Chaiiipa£,ne, Cuurcruns, D.iu- x/., I'oix, Franchc Comtc, andcrs, GaCcony, Gcva'.idan, French llainault, llle of ingutdoc, Liinofin, I^orrain, ■larche, Maine, Marfan, Na- crn'iis Normandv, Orkanois, ;nj;ord, Picardy, Toitoii, Pro- Litrci, Kfiucreuc, Roufillon, "Soiironnois, Tourainc, Vtiav, andois. Thele varied much other in point of extent and ■, and there were others of Hill imfideration. The papulation ule ib eftimatcd hv the French 000. The ctiVi4inied rtii;;!on .oman Catholic ; and the cccle- vifion of the cfuntry Mas into Ihnprics and 1 1 ? tpifcopal fees, of Avignon, CpTptntras, C.ii- .nd Vaii'on, which bclonecd to But, in 1789, a vuy wonder- lion took place. The deran<;ed of the finance? of the country, [1, in a confulcrablc drgrce, by rican v/ar, had kuiuced his moil majcftv to convoke, firft an af- f the notables, or principal men inpdcm, and next (on the inef- rcfuk of their dchberations) the (late; I- R A f.it pwireed o h .r.nel-., witlioiit the concurrenCi 'f thr two ether erders, if thiy ftdl refultd tijoin tlirm. Jn ilic fcqiiel, the nob li'y ami rlergy found i ex- pedient to concede the point, and they all met in one hall. In the mean time, Paris was encircled hy ap army of po,"co n'cn, with the apparent \itw of (ocrrmi: that city, if nered'ary. NoHvith.^aiulin , ll.:s, on the removal of the popular miniP.er, M. Ntekar, in July i-i), ■<• dreadful in- lurreftion enfued in Parii ; the military rcfukd to fire upon the people ; che fur- liiidable Baftilt was raptuied by the ci- ti/ens ; the i;ovcrnnr, and b'tTe other ob. nu.\i'.us perfuusjAverc beheaded, and tlieir heads carried about, in horiid triumph, on poles; in a word, eiuht weeks after the opening of the ftates-general, on the ?th (rf May, a revolution was efl'eftci', wliieh then excited aftoni;!.mcnr, and, fine<- that period, even alarm and teiror in r.!l Eu- rope. On the 17th of July, the king vi- fitcd the Hotel de Vjlle in Pari:, and'lur- rendcred himfelf, as ir were, to liib pc'()plc. From that moment, from bcin^^ an abio- lute monarch, he b( tame one of the m.jft limited in Kurope. Tlic natiiinal a.Tein- klv, now triiimphanr, proceeded to th;: iiioll extraordinKrv mea'.ures. They abo- li'bed nobility and the whole feud.il fvftem, and, confifeatini; the pufleirions of the clervjy, rendered tbein dependent, for fupporr, on a public allo'.vance, like the fervants of the Hate ; and ail the niona- fierics were fiip]ire(IVd. In Ot^obcr, iu I mfenucnce of another cireacUul riot at V'erfaillcs, the king, tiie royal f.imily, and tiie national alTcmbly, were removed to Paris. The kini^ was now, in faft, a Ih^rc- prifoncr, treated with the fo'm.ilities ap- pendant to royalty, but watched in all his motions, with the utmoft circumfpedlion. From this irkfomc fituation, he attempted to cfcape, in June 1791, with the queen, his fiftcr, the dauphin, anj the priinefs his daughter. He had almofi reached tlie frontiers, when he as arrelte.l at Va- rennes, and conduilcd back tuPa.is. Such, ^^ F R A howcvti, wn« then the moderation df tha p> piila- partVi fhat lu dilallroui con'e. <|iiincr» cnfucJ. The iiational .iTembly loiuf'ciel A n«w i'lnlUtiition, whuh w.'g iicet^ ' a by the' kinj in Stpftiiibir of tUe lime vear, when a ni v 'niii nal atT.mbly vwiii «1 ."led. 11 ' iiio' d d not Imir pre. v.iil btt'veen tniu nfllniblv md the king. Some of Mieit" doerc(.» hc'refuCrd t 1 (anc- III n ; a"d, on tlieir rtit, ainouj^ other ftep', which could 1101 :,ul to jjive uinbra;.'c to a onec tvoverful niinari.li, wit the ; mayor of Paris, at the head of a dL-piitarion tV'.ni that city, ap- peared .^t the bar of tl.c na.i."ial aJcinbly,;. and diinan.hd the depofitiun of the king. . ISefoie tiiey c ^uid deliberate on chis de. mand, a dre;.iiru! inl'uricflion :niV.id ; the Tuilerics, the royal rcfidence, wai attacked ; the Swifs pu iids wertt defe.iled and malTrtcred ; and the kin;r and royul family tnok refi;;,'e in the national affem- blv. I'hat boily inilamly decreed the lufpenfion of thi? executive power in tht' hands of the king, and the n'nvocation of a nation;d coin^ntion. The kini;; and ids faniilv w;"iiied' before them. The ttial accordingly took pia.;c ; and this tribunal, exerriliiiji at onec the incompa- til)ie charadters cf ace .ftrs, prolecutois, and judges, cond'^nuied the iinfortjnaie monarch ; who, in purfuance of thci- fcn- tei-.cc, was publicly beheaded, in th. Place de la Revolution, Lately called the Place de I-cuis XV. on the 21ft of January 1705. All Fluropc exelaimcd againll the iujufiice and cruelty, tii;t to fay the impolicy, of this proceeding. Powt-rs, hithcUo neutral 1 ■£ ^.'-n^'s^/SJ^^^'^**^"* ff F R A in the war, v.eye c: vrr to rake an a£>ivc part in it j hud tLe raw rtpub'i.c, in iuldi- tion to tl'.e ar:' E tf AulUia, Pruffia, Sardi- >rjia, and tliL th put, li.;(! to encounter the powtrlnl ri mbinatiim (.?' Great Bri;;iin, the United I'rovincts, ami Spain. This ii> not tiic place t'cr political c'lnjctturcs. VVI tthtr tnc French republic will be per- manent, or the amicnt order of things re- ftorcd, ib a qvuftion foreign to this work, in which the ] lefini ideographical ftate of the i' untry ir.ufi he noticed, whether that ftjte e perniaiient or not. France then, it miift be olifeived, was divided, by the firfi li;j;iHati\e Bnemnly, into S3 dcpart- nient; infttad of the ancient military pro- \iiiccs ; and tliele departments were I'ub- divided into diftrifts, cantons, and nnini- cipahties. The names of the depart- ments, are Ain, Aifne, Allier, Alps Up- per, Alps I.o'ver, Ardeclie, Ardennes, Ariiei;e. Aubc, Audc, Aveiron, Calva- dos, Cantal, C'liarente, Charente Lower, Cher, Corre/e, Corfica, C6t« d'Or, Cotes du Nord, Creule, Dnrdogne, Doubs, Drcnie, Eiitc, Eure and Loire, Finifterrc, Card, Garonne Upper, Gcrs, Girondc, Heraiilt, Indre, indre and Loire, Ifere, Iflc and Vilsinc, Jura, Landes, Lnir and CluT, Loire Upper, Loire Lower, Loiret, Lot, Lot and Garonne, Lozerc, Maine, Maine and Loire, Manchc, Marne, Marne Upper, Meurvlic, Meufe, Morbihan, Mo- r:lle, Nord, Kievre, Oife, Orne, Paris, I'.is de Calais, Puy de Dome, Pyrenees U^'p^r, Pyrenees Lower, Pyrenees EafU »rn, Rhine Upper, Rhine Lower ; Rhone, Boucher dii ; Rhone and Loire, Saone Upper, Saone and Loire, Sarte, Seine and Oiic, Seine Lman C.itholics ; but no public through the ftreets is pcrmiited, hurch is a chapel, 10 which the empc* "^ F R A etiiperor Is conduftcJ immediately after his eleftion, in order to be crowned l)y ihe eleftor of Mentz. The Jews have a fy- nagogue in this city ; but the Calvinifts have never been allov.-ed any place c.f worlhip in the territory of Fruncfort. They attend divine i'ervicc at Bocken- heim, in the county of Hanau, where they have built a church. It is remark- able, that in all funeral procelfions here, the crucifix leads the way, whether the deceafed has ia, on tiie S. by Suabia, on tlu; E. by the Upper Palatinate ; and on the VV. by the L(jwer Palatinate ; being about Si : liles from N. t« S. and 91; from E. to W. The niidd.e is veiy fertile in corn, wine, and fruitt, but the borders are full of woods and bar- ren mountains. The Franks, wiio con- quered France, came from this province, aad gave their name to that kingdom. Franeker, or Frankek, a ftrong town of the United Provinces, in W. Friefland, with a caftle and univerfity. The public buildings and palaces are mag- nificent. It is feven miles \V. of Lc- warden. Lon. 5. 33. F.. lat. 53. 11. N. FR*»ycENDAL, a ftrong town of Ger- many, in the dominions of the Elcftor Pa- latine. It was taken by the Spania-'ds in 1^23, by the Swedes in 1632, a^d was burnt by the French in 16S8. It is licatcj near the Rhine, feven miles S. of Worms. Lon. 3. 2Q. E. lat. 49. 25.N. Fran'kk.n'stf.in, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine and duchy of Zuebruggen, 11 miles N. W. of Lan- dau. Lon. 7. ss- Ii- l'*t- 49- '"• N. Fraue.n'fei-D, a town of Swilferland, capital of the Thorgau ; feared on an eminence. It is remarkable as the place, where, fince 1712, the deputies of the Swifs cantons alTcmble at the general diet. Lon. 8. 56. E. lat. 47. 35. N. Fravstadt, a town of Silcfia, re- markable for a battle the Swedes gained 20 3- E. lar. SI- 4**- N. * Fr AZEKSBU'RO, a fmall but plca- fant town of Scotland, in Aberdctnlhirc, built by fir Alexander Frazer of Philotth, in 1600. If is featcd clofe bv the promon- ' torv. called Kinnaird's Hend, on wiiich a lighrhoiife u:is been Utelv ercf^ed. This town has a tolerable harbour, and is ^o miles N. of Aberdeen. Fk EDI!!'. 110, a laTije, rich, and t'ne town of Germany, in Mifn'a, rcn.arka'.i'e for its mines, aur b^ing t!ie biiryinij- pl.ice of tlie princes cf the h!:u!e of S3X)ny. It is a deli^'htful plicc, iV.arod on the river ' Multa, 1; miles S. W. of Drefdcn, Lom 13. 36. E. lat. 51. c. N. FREnr.NBL'RS, a tKwn of Getinany, in tlie ciic'.e cf U'elfphalia, 50 miles W. of Ciirci: L.n. 8. If.. E. la'. 5 i. 10. V/. I'REDERic.v, a tottn of N. America, in Gei.r^ia, on the rivi^r-Alatumaha. The F R E F R E ifland on which it (lands is called St. Si- mon's, and is abijut 13 miles in Icngtli, and foiir in bre-.drh. Lon. 80. 20. \V, l.a. 31. 5. N. FRKDKRirsBi'Hr., a caftle and pi'sre of tl>c king cf Dcnn-.ark, in the illu nf Zealand, 15 miles N. VV. p(;iiiiai;cn. L''n. 11. I--.. E. l.it. s?. S^' N. * FREnF.KicsBURc, a town of Vir- ginia, in N. America, fituatcd on tl.c S. tide of Rajipaliannnc River, no miles from its mouth. It contains about 103 houl'cs, principally in one ftrcct, which runs marly parallel with the rivtr. It is 50 miles S. by. W. of Alexandria. Lun. 77, 20. W. lat. 38. 2. N. Frfdericsbl'RG, a fort, on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, in Africa, near Cape Threepoints, 61 milco from Cape Coaft Caftle. It is fubjei^ to Denmark. Lon. I. 5. W. lit. ^. 30. N. Freder.'cshali., a town of Norway, in the province of Aggcrhuys, and on the frontiers of Sweden, fituated on the extre- mity of the Sumefund, at the mouth <-f the river Tifte. The harbour is fafe and commodioit^ ; but the large quantity of faw-duft brought down the river, from the different faw-mills, occafion-. an annual expencfc to clear it away. On the I'umniit of an almoft perpendicular rock, which overliangs the town, ftandb the ftrong and hitherto impregnable fortrcfs of Fredrric- ftein, in the fiege of which Charles XII. king of Sweden, v,-as killed, by a mu!kct- ball, ill 1718. The fpot was once marked by a pillar eretled by the king of Dcn- niark, i)Ut domolillied at the requcll of the king of Sweden. This town is 31 miles S. iL. of Chri:iiania- Lon. ic. ;;. E. lat. 59. ?.. N. FRF-DRnicsODE, a town cf D.;n- mark, in Jutland, ieated near t^e IVa, 50 miles N. of Slcfwick. Lon. 10. o. E. lat. J 5. 30. N. Fredericstadt, a town of Den- rr.T-k, in S. Jutland, featcd on the livcr ] y 'or, 17 miles S. W. of Slcfwick. Lon. 9. 4^. E. lat. 54. 30. N. Frkoeiucst \i;r, a t"wi of Nor- way, in the province of .'v^ri^Lrhavs. It (lands on the river G! ■nine, and is the nio't re^j'jl.ir fortrefs in this parr cf Nor- way, cinraini.-.t: ai arlen '.I amply fupplied. A few years aj^o, the town wa; confunied bv fire, and the houfes are riollly new. .CLi^e to the town is the new forrrefs of JConfiftcin, en a reeky eminence, in which' ('•vcral c«nvi,'^s are con^cm-cd to h'rd la^:iur. It is t* miles W'..of Frcderic- fliall. L!>n. 10. fio. E. Lit. 5). 12. N. * Fredkh ics r<)V> .V, a lire llouri.'h. ing town of N. Arr.criea, in MiiryUad, fcated on the Potomac, 60 miles \V. by N. of Annapolis. Lon. 77. 30. W, lar. 31;. 20. N. FRFisiiNGEN', a handfome and con- fiderable town of Gcrmaay, capital of a biihopric of the fame na. .;, in -'le circle of Bavaria. It is featcd on a 1. ount&in, mar the river Ifir, 20 miles N. by E. fif Munich. Lon. 11. 50. E. lat. 48. 26. N. Fkkjus, a town of France, in the de- partment of Var and late province of Pro- vence. In the time of the Romans, it was called Forum Julii. Jt had then a port on the ftacoaft, which is now a mils and a half from it. It was the birthplace of that great Roman general and philofo- plicr Agricola ; nnd near it, foiTi'.- fine remains of anticjuity arc ftill vifiljle. It ij I'eatcd near the little river Argens, in a morafs, tlrk renders the air unhealthy, 40 miles N. E. of Toulon. Lon. 6. 50. E. lat. 43. 26. N. * Fresc.vti, a delightful village of Italy, on the declivity of a hill, ii'milts from Rome. It derives its name from the coolncfs of the air, and frcfh verdure of the fields around. It is a bifhop's fee, and always pofTellcd by one of the fix elded cardinals. At prefent, it belongs to the cardinal duke of York (as he is called) the folc furviving dcfcendant of James II. In the neighbourhood of Frefcati, are (itu- iitcd fome of the moft magnificent villas in Italy. The ancient city of Tufcului^i is fuppofed to have ftood on the fpot, or very near it, where Frefcati is now built ; and, at tile difiance of a mile and a half, it is g-iura!!y believed, was the Tufculan vi!!a of Cicero, at a place now called GrottM h'errita. S jme (ireek monks of the or- der of St. Ihlll, Hying from the perfecu- tiuM of the Saracens, in the i ith century, were permitted to build a convent on the ruins of Cicero's famous houfe. They flill perform the fervice in the Greek lan- guage. Frefcati, with Tivoli and Al- b.in ), is the favourite abode of the la'iid- feape painters who trav'' into Italy fur i.nprovement. Nothing •, n furpals the iidinirablc aiTemlil^gc of nilh, meadows. likes, cafcades, gardens ruins, groves, and terraces, which charm tlic eye, as it .an- d;rs amon;'; the (hades of thefe deHj^,iitfiil villages. Lo:i. 11. 42. E. lat. 41. 48. N. FKEUDEKsr Ai) r, a hanlfome and (Irong town of Germany, ia the Black Foreft, built to defend the p->iragt; info this foreft. It is 12 miles S. E. of Sttaf- bu•■;.^ Lon. 8. 21. E. lit. 4*1. iS. N. FaEVSTADT, a town pf Hungary, in the county of Neitra, with a (Irong caftle, ftited'on ti'.e river Wa'^, < pp ;fite Leo- poldftadt. Lon, i3. 10. E. lat. 4S. 32. N. Futv- a 1 a on Th 22 of pa mc; CerM tho bui- S. Loi fcr thi in pal FRE Potomac, 60 miles W. by jlis. Lun. 77. 30- ^'- '*■• EK, a handfome and con- 1 of Gcrmaay, capital of a he fame na> .;, in -'ic circle It is ieatcd on a i. nu'itfiin, ■ Jf(.r, 10 miles N. by E. of ,n. 11. 50. E. lat. 4**- ^^'- ^■ town of France, in the dc- 'ar and late province of Pro- lic time of the Romans, it orura Julii. It had then a tacoaft, which is now a mile: mi it. It was the birthplace ; Roman general and philolo- la ; and near it, fom'.- fine mtiquity arc ftill vifii)lc. It f the little river Argens, in a renders the air unhealthy, 40 of Toulun. Lon. 6. 50. E. •4. .VTI, a dclij^htful village of s dcchvity of a hill, n miles , It derives its name from of the air, and ficfh verdure around. It is a biftiop's fee, polTefl'cd by one of the fix als. At prc'fent, it belongs to duke of York (as he is called) iving dcfcendant of James II. ibourhood of Frefcati, are fitu- r the moft magnificent villas in e ancient city of Tufculuifi is have ftood on the fpot, or very :ro Frcl'cati is now built ; and, nee of a mile and a half, it is .lieved, was the Tufculan vil'.a at a place now called Grott* unie Greek monks of the or- IVifil, I'ying from the perfecu- Saracens,'in the nth century, itted to build a convent on the Cicero's famous houfc. They n the fcrvice in the Greek lan- -efcati, with TivoU and Al- c favourite abode of the la\id- ttrs who trav' into Italy for nt. Mothing ■ n furpals the affcm'.jl.ige o' nilb, meadows, ides gardens ruins, groves, and hich charm the eye, as it «an- •-' the (hades of tbcfe dei\,utful Lo;i. II. 4i- E. lit. 41.4s- N- EKsrAOT, a hAnlfome and ,'n of Germany, i:i the Black ilt to defend 'the p^irage into . It is II miles S. E. of StriU -n. 8. n.E. Ut. 4.(3. iS. N. TADT, a town pf Hungary, \r\ / of Neitra, with a ftrong caftle, tiic river Was, ( pp :fite Lco- Lou. i3. 10. K. Ui.. 4^- 3i-N. F K t V - F R I F R I FREYSTAnr, a town of Silefia, in the of Francfort territory of Tefchcn.'ioiTiiles E.of Trop- 10. N pau-. Lon. 1?. i;. E. l.u. 50. o. _N. ^ I'rias, a conr:der:;b!o town oi Sptnn 8. 46. E. lat. so. Fkidufrc, the name of two fmall towns in Silcfia, the one in ih;,: duvhy of in (Vd Caftile, featcd on a mountain, 'near Javer, and the otlur in the duchy of N. \V. of Bur- Srlnveuin;tz. The fill is rennikable tor the river Kbro, 3; miles gos. Lon, 3 46. W. lat. 42. .5^- N. FKUmitf;, a large town of Germany, c-.'.pital of Brifgaw ; remarkable for the Ce'eple of the great cliuich (which., except thit of Strafburg, is the finelf in Ger- nunv) and for its iiniverfity. The inha- bitants are famous for polilhing cryikl and precious ftoncs. It has beta fevira! times t..ktu and retaken, paiticui.irly by the French in 1744, who deuiolidud the for- tification^. It is featcd on the nver Tri- fer, 10 miles E. of Brifach, and i6 S. of SUftfljurg. Lon. 7. fV K- lat. 4'^- ic N. Fribl'R.0, a town of Swiirerlancl, cr.- 'tal of the canton of the fame wmuc. The public buildiajis, efpeeially tiie ca'ht- dral, arc very handfome, and th.e inha'..'.- taiits arc Papifts. It is goveri.ed in fpiri- tuals by the bilhop of Laufanne, who .c- fidei, here, and in tempora!^ bv u council. P' a bit:le gijincd there by tht.' i.ing of I'rut-- fill, over the Aiillrians, in Jure, 1745. FRlDBKEii;, a towii of Germany, in Bi'.-iii, with a calUe, taken and plunder- ed bv the Swedes in if'U. I' i» (o imles N. VV. ..f Mup.ich. Lon. n. 10. E. lat. 40 zj. N. F:ilDHl'Rrt. See FltKMBKRri. Fi.iiiiie'KG, a town ot Germany, iu the ciieie <,'f Upi'er Sav.onv, and province of Thuriiv.ja, feated on the river Unllrue-, 30 miies W, of Leip'.ick. Lon. 11. 41. E. lat. ;i. ig. N, FKU;!.\f;, a town of Germ.iny, in Suablii, Oh ihe Danube, 30 miles N. iv. of CoiUiancc. Lon. ms on each fide two pair of Itairs, r.nd a cellar. The church is 65 feet K-ng, s't l)io„d, and confines of Silefia, 5 : den. Lon. 15. 15. E. lat. 51. 4. N. FRiiJi.iiNUKN, a town of Germany, in Suabia, three miles E. of ihe Rhine, and iilv the f'JUf ^- t)f Liafte. Lon. 7. 36. b.. lat. 47. 40. N. FRri;ur..s'GnERG, a n-yal piil.ice of De'.una;k, four milt's from Fredericihnre'. It ii deit-iiifullv fituated at a f.nidl dif- tanec from tiie lake of Eireroni, which is about , 15 miles in circuinftrtucc, tiie ground ge'.niy (loping to its banks, and adorned iviih large fpixft treej. This bcaatiful utuaiion is fpoilcd by cur yews, fufion of Ifatues H.nd itia: and ght \\..lks, anei a pro: niumphal aiches, ' pallaL'C up , moft inconceiveable how one man, with lus ferv.int, CiHild perfirm fo djiTicult a work, thouiih they were ^^ years alx.-ut it. I n- bur-h is featcd on the river San, i ^ mil s S. W. of Bern, and 75 S. W. of Zurich. Lon. 6. 53- ^^ '«. 46. 4^. N. FulBLKi:, one of the cantons of Swil- fcrhnd. Tt is furroundcd-on al! fdcs by the canton of Bern, and the land :■. fruitful \n corn, fruits, and pa!liires. Fricenti. an epifcnpal town of the kingdom of Naples, near the river Tru- paho, 20 milf s S. E. of Benevcnlu. L( n. IV 9. E. lar. 40. ^9. -><• , ^ FRriMiKRc;, a town of Germany, m Wcteravia, andinthelindgravateof licHe. It was much mt.re conf.derable formerly to is.ice ot the prmcipn than at prcfeut, though an imperial town. Cook explored the whole cu;f It i" fea cd on a mountain, 15 mUcs N. E. h. found to coua.1 <^more tlur bec.^uie it was finilhid in 17:0, wiien peace was ciiiiciuded with Si\edi'), after a ion-.;' wnf which had de^oi.ired botii coun- trie--. Sinee the prince-rval affutne-d the ad'.uip.ii^ration of affdirs, this pa'aee has been the rtfidcnce of the queen-dowager Juliana Maria. FkiENIjI.y Islakds, a clufter of ifta^^ls in the S. Pacific Ocean, fo named by captain Cook, in 17" 3, on account of the frieiidlhip that appvared to fubnft amoiii; the iiihabiiant;,and ttuir cI. N. W. of London. Lon. sj. 20. N. or Froom, a river of Dor- 1 copies from the 5. W. part y to Dorchefter ; \\>hence, Warcham, it cpiptics itftlf thgt forms the harbour of , a river of Snmerfetfliire, by the town ot Fromc, aD4 he Avon at Briftol. a town of Somerfetfliire, ktt on VVednefday. It is river Frome, and is well in- loihiers. The article chiefly fecond cloths, the principal which is fine Eng'i'h wool. S. of Bath, and 104 VV. by 1. Lon. I. 16. V> . lat. 51. , a town of France, in the f Gironde and late province feated on the river Dordognc, E. of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. ;. 5-N. RA, a town of Portugal, in ' miles N. E. of E'ftremos. NIAC, a town of France, ill nt of licrault and late pro- nguedoc, remarkLble for its ifcadine wines, and its hand- oufe. It is feated on the ileonc, 14 miles S. W. of Lon. 3. 48. E. lat. 43. FUECO, FuF.GO, or Foco, one of the Cape de Vcrd Iftands, in the Atlantic Ocean. It is much higher thr.ii any of tho reft, and fcems to bi; one finale mountain at fea, though on the fides there are deep vallies. There is a volcano, at the top of it, which burns continually, and may be feen a great way off at lea. It vomits a great d;al of fire and imuke, and tlirows out huge pieces of rock to a vail height ; and fometimes torrents of brim- ftrnc run down the fides. The Portu- guefc, who firft inhabited it, brought ne- groes with them, and a (lock of cows, horfes, and hogs; but the chief inhabitants nr / are blacks, of the. K.oniilh religion. It is JOG milts W. of Cape de Vcrd, and 100 W. of St. Jago. Lon. 24. 30. W. Jat. 14. 54. N. FuKNTE DcEG.viA, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, on tlie Tajo, 35 miles S. £. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 0. W. lat. 40. 14- N. FuESKN, 3 town of Germany, in Sua- bia, belonging to the bifliop of Augf- burg, with an ancient caftle. It is feated on the river Lech, 50 miles S. by E. of Augfburg. Lon. ii. 15. E. lat. 47. 40. N. FuiDKijiTAi.i., a town of Germany, in Silefia. It was taken by the king of Prulfia in 1741 and 1744. * FuLA, or Thule, a fmall iQand, to the W. of the Mainland, or principal of the Shetland Iflands fo called. It is thought by Tome to be the fame, which the ancients, reckoned the ultimate limit of the habitable globe, and, to which they therefore gave the appellation of Ultima Thule. It is very doubtful, however, whether this be really the ifland lb called j bccaufe, had the ancients reached it, they mull have feen land ftill farther to the N. E. the Mainland, Yell, and Unft, be- ing all farther North. FuLUE, a confidcrable town of Ger- many, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, with z. celebrated abbey, whofc abbot is primate of the abbies of the empire, per- petual chancellor of the emperor, and fo- vereign of a InvU territory lying between Hefle, Franconia, and Thuringia. It is feated on the river Fulde, 5 5 miles S. of Caffel. Lon. 9. 43. E. lat. 50. 40. N. FuLHAM, a village of Middlcfex, f^ur miles W. of London, feated on the river Thames, over which is a \yoodcn bridge to Putney. Jt has been the dcmcfne of the bilhops of London ever fince the con- qaeft : here they have a palace ; and in trie churchyard are the tombs of fomc of the prelates of that fee. *'Fui.i./VN, a. country in the iaterlor FUR , 1 ll .n l» . » y i ,^ I H M parts of Africa, t^ ihe \V. of the kinij- dom of C-»llinH. Its biiund'tri'S have not yet been al'ccrtained, nor liiis the fate of the cmnitiy been deTcri'ied. All the infiir- niation obtained of it, by the .'\frica;i af- i'ociatiun, is, that the diets of the n-itives refemiiles the cloth of wiiich the plaids of the Scotch Highlanders are made. FuNcHAi., the capital of M.ultira, rituate^r.h^ of Bnimlenm.rg reared on the r.vcr Si-ae, »a ^''-^ ^ • ''^ Francfcrt on the Oder. It wa5 taken by the Swe.les in 163'- -^"- '4- »• *^- '■"• ^^i^n-TTYPCUii SiCKi, a ccr.fideribl: town of llind.oilan Picpcr, in i!x pro- vince of Aeva, r^ted under a r,in,';e of hills, tl-.e louib.crn boundiry of an im- „ enfe plain, in which, for. the grctcft part, not a li-.r-.b .s to .e l.en and the Ll is li^ht, and al.v.oft as fine as hr.r pow- der ; a cl:cumiU..c(, prodn^:v■e ot.the molt dil-.H^C-.blc elTc^., wnen .b.s fin. Si/ta^en up by the hot Winds frora the wcftward. Ttn fu.atu.n too is un- hcr.lby, from the indifferent water with which' ibe "■! .!'■ f«'U'-'"-y abc.unu»- How- ever, the c u-.try .i.nu;i.ately .,e.r tU town, h in t.Lra'^lc cu'.tiya ion. On the • fummit of th. bigbeft hill -^ j; f^« rnaf.iii--, Viv.ilt by the iinpcror Acbir, in the tirft flvle of Moonlh aich.teaure ; and, at the foot of this hill, arc ta,: rums of ;« itTip.ri.l palace, ^vV^h occupy a great extent of ground. Fmtypour S,- lriis4zmUes\V.ot A^ra. Lun. 77.45- ^"f y'a'l,' one of the Azores, or Wenern Illmd^. It is well cultivated, and viuds wheat of the bearded- fort, bnley, Indian orn cucun.ber. ..^rc's. nui-..s. water- melons fix, lemons -ranges rUjms.ap.i- c,;s.fi;s,-,ears,app,-SCBb,.a,es, carrots potaTo:s. iari;e fwo t onK.ns U^^';^'^"'^ ftrawbLrries. There ?re afcw vineyard, on the iQand-, but the, 'luant.tv -^^ .^^ine is inconfu'erablc, and the qimbty mdi.r.rtnt. fl.rc -rre abun.'ancc of chclnuts, beecho, "ntks and r.pen-trces. Thcir oxen are fn all i but the meat is very good, as are dfo their /hcxp; and they have plenty of long- 1,.. ,cd r«(s, hogs, and poultry. 1 hm horfc. -re fmall and UMook,n.g ; hut alFes and mutes are more numerous, ano niorc ^Siceabb in fuch a hilly country They Sen variety of birds partictda-vc-jiads, American woodcccks.Canary-bn ds hUk- QX, and other lonR-bTds^-Kh a fm.l G A I thntched with ftraw ; and re fmnll, but cleanly and cool. The pople, in gc- ner.il, are f..iier than thole of Madeira ; and Mr. I'Orller i\ys, that he did not (ce one idle perfon or be'^gar anionic thcni- The inoft ccnlidcrable p'ace is called Villa de llorta. Lon. iS 36. W. lat. 3<'. 3-- N. * FvEus. a rivrr of Invern(.r>lliirc in Scotland, which del'ccndi-ij,' from i!ie S. flov.15 toward Loch Nel's. Over thi.i nvcr is built a ftupendous bridge, on two (jp- 1 lite roeks; the top of the arch bein;'; above 100 feet iVi.m the level of the wa- ter. A little btlow the bridge is the ce- ItSrated Fall of Fyers, where a gre.-.c body of water darts ihr :iu;;li a iMirow gap be- tween two rockf, then fali'i over a vall precipice into the iiottom of the rhafm, Avliere the foam lifis and ii'.»i the air like a j;rcat cloud of fniokc. * Fykk, Loch, a rrr.it ir.lct of the Tea, in Argylethire, near 40 miles in length. It receives and returns a tidt; on each tide of the iflc of Arran, which liaiids di- t':f:.]\- oppi.ntc to iti> eiiliaiice. It is beau- tifully iivdentgcs of the ZZ.^'^^ built of clay, and ClABARET, a tow. of France, in Jthc/kpartmenr of Cci.- and late pro- vince cf Gafcony, fcn'od on the river Ge- lin>, JO miles W. of C^tf-.dom. Lon. o, 6. K. 1:«. .14. 51;. N. GAtiAN, a village of France, in the department ( f Herault and late province of Langucdoe, fanous for its mineral wa^ ters. Gf'. niv, a town v->f Poland, in the pala- tinate of Rava, ;o milts N. W. of War- faw. Lon. 19. 4;. E. lat. ji.z'j. N. Gaieta, an an,:ient town of the king- dom of Naples, with a fort, a citadel, a harbour, and a liilhop's fee. It was taken by the Auttrians in 1707, by ftorin, r^d A I aw ; and re rn::ill, bui The pc.iplt, in gc- tli.in thdlc ( f MadiiriS ; %s, that he- did not rfi'ri or beggar iunnnir ii> con!icJcrab!o p'iicc is jru. Lon. jS 36, \V. vrr of Invcrn. r.iliirc in liilccnditij; from t'lc S. li Ncli. Over thi.i nvcr oL.^ l)ri;) of thf arch bcin;; i.m the \c\c\ of the ua- V the hriilge is the- cc- ycrs, whcrt a t.'rt..c body ■ >ii;;h a n.urow j;ap bc- ;', then falis over a v:i(l If Ixirtom of the rhifm, liftr. .usd ulii the air like filM.kf. CI!, a grcnt ir.!ct nf the re, near 40 miles i^ hnprh. tturns I tirif! on cacli fide Arr;in, which liar.ds di- ) its cntraiice. It is btnu- with by.ys, and fiTroispded •^..n'.ai;.«. At certuin tea- arc filled with iutrrings, 3 the rckrt of numerous , a large city nf Mlndoo- ihc tvrritm-y nf Oiulc, of nee the ctipital. Here are a valt huilditi,', tiio pdace h Jujih ul Dcwir.h. The !i 'Its; b'u fincL ih(' rcr.icval F Oudc to L" 'kn^.-v. the he Invvefl ciar<^. 7t is fcat- •s, a very rii|.;e rivr From s;o mi'es F. of Lucknow, by W. of Calcutta. Lon. ■.cr 34- N. r, a tow. nf France, in mcnt of C'ti- ind late pro- IV, fc.Tv'd on the river Ge- W. of C 4;i'om. Lon. o, ,.N. vilbi^e of Fra^c^f, in the Herault and Itti: province l'..inous for its mineral wa^ wn .->f Poland, in the pala- 50 milts N. W. of War- 41;. E. !at. ;i. 2'). N. ancient tou n of the king- , with a fort, a citadel, a bilhop'sfec. It was taken IS ill 1707, by ftorni, j^d i GAL by the Spaniards in 1734. It is fcated at the fo.,t.id, which was forcibly feizi'd by the Aiiftrians in 1772. It confills of that part of F^ittle Poland whiih is on the S. iide of the river Viftida, almoll the wlwle of Red Rulila, and a llip of Podolia ; and it is inc' rporated into tlie Auflrian domi- nions, liijcr the apptli.ition of tlte king- c'oms cf Galicia and Lodomtri.i ; which kini'duins, as the court of Vienna alleged, fome ancient diplomas reprcfent as fnuated in PrLm'd, and fubjeft to the kings of Hungary ; but their moft powerful and convmeing argument wns the " ultima ratio i\\^um," derived from an army of 200,000 men. The popul.iiion of Gali> cia and Lodomerii, according to the nu- nieTaticii made in 1776, amounted to i,5So,-9C. The mountainous parts pro- duce fuie palUire ; the plains '"'■ moflly landy, but alwund in forefts, and arc fer- tile in corn. The principal articles of traffic are cattle, hides, w ax, and honey j and tii'.fe cniintries ci;ntain mines of cop- per, Ifj.d, iron, and fait, of which the lat- ter are the riioil valuable. Lemburg, or Li;r)po!l, is the capital of the whole coun- try, which extends 3 So mile; from E. t."> W, its gre tell: lire adih bting igo. It is bounded on tlie N. by tliat part of Little Fiil.md which is on the N. fde nf the Viftula, and titc palatinates i,f Lublin and Ch-lin ; on the N. H. by Vi.lh.inia ; on thi- I", by Pcdolia ; on tlit S. by Huiigarjr ar.;l MiUiavia, .-:nd en t!:e \V. by Silefia, Gai.icta, a proviicc if Spain, hmmd- ed on the N. and W . by the otcan, on the S. by Portugal, and on the E. by the A^lurias anil Leon. The air is temperate alrtiij the cca'.t, but, in other places, it is c-ia and moilf. It is thin ot people. Tlie produce U wine, flax, and citron .' Here alio arc good pallures, copper, and lead ; and the fortli.. yield wood fjr build- ing of Ihips. St. Jj'go dc CoirpoftcUa ig the capital. ^G\i.u-iA, now called alfo Guada- l.A J.ARA, a counuv of N. America, in New Spiai, hounded on the E. by Old Mexico, on the N. by New Mexico, and on tiie VV. by the S;uth Sea. The air is teinperaio, and there is abundance of corn and pull'e. Here are alio mines of filvtr and copper. Galilke, anciently a province of Jiidca, but now of Turkey in Afia. 'I'hc bounds are not now certainly known'. Galistio, a town of Spain, in B:i1ra- . madura, 1j -A L G A N k madura, lo miles N. W. of PIncentia. Lon. 5. 8. E. lat. 40. 1. N. Gall, St. or St. C?ai f.KV, .i confi- dcrahle town in Swinerland, and in the Upper Tlturgau, witn a rich aiul ccle- bntcd ibbcy, whofe abliot is titulnr pnncL- of the German empire, and is dvltii ny Ore 71 Bcncdiftincs who compolc the chapter. He fornitrlv poirtflcd tiic lovc- reignty of the town ; bur thr inhalyiLint-s Ihook off his authority, an., whic'i, lirce that period, have arifcn between liie tworival parties, have been comproniilcd I'v the intcrpofi*'^n of tiuir allies, the Swils cantons. 1. n, -^ :• entirely protci"- tant, and its ^ '- 'im* . riUo-demncr;iti- e«J. The fub^ of t' ^e , Wbot, whole ter- ritory is dilHn,.', are r, !?'■' catholics. The abbey, in which this j.. .xe ntfulcs, b fituated clofe to the town, and in the nidft of its territory ; as the latter is alfo entirely furroundpd by the pofTeffioiis of the prince. The town owe? its fl.mrifhing ftatc to the uncommon indultry of the in- habitants, and to a \ery exienfive conv ipercc, arifmg chiefly fro.n its manufac- tures of linen, mullit), and embroidery. To the library belonging to the ab'.iey, which is very numerous and wtlUarranj^cd, and which contains fevcr.il MSS. of the claflic writers, wc arc indebted for Ptrrn- bius Arbiter, Silius Itidicui, Valerius Fiaccus. and Quintilian, copio, of which were found here in J413. St. Oillen is ieated in a narrow, barTn willcy, be. tween two mountains, and nn iwn fni.iU ftreains, 17 miles N. E. of Zurich. Lon. J. 10. E.iat. 47- i6.N. G 4 LL A, a fort of Cevlon, bcloncin!» to the Dulth, who drove the l^TtuyicIc thence in 1640. Sumc call it I'unsa de Galh. Lon. So. 3c. E. lat. 6. to. N. Gaii.ipac.o Islands, in tlic South Sea, Tying under tiie e(]uator, difcuvci cd by the Spaniards, to whom they belonp. They are not inhabited ; for the Spaniards only call there for frelh water and pr')vili(V:is, when they fait from Amc. ita to Afia. Here are a great number of birds, and ex- cellent tortoifcs. Gai iipoi.t, a fcaport of the kingdom of Naples, with a hilhop's ftr, :iii<' a foiH. It is feated on a rock, Uirroundcd by 'he fca, and joined to the main land by a bridge. It is 73 miles W. of Otranto. Lon. liJ. 5. E. lat. 40. 10. N. G*M.n'Ol.l, a feaport of Turkey in Europe, in Romania, ftated at the en- trance ef the Tea of Marmora, with a good harl)our, aod a bifhop's fee. It con- tains about 10.000 Tnrks, 3t;oo Greeks, bclidc a great number of Jews. It is an open p?.ice, and has nn other defence than a I' riy Iquan. caltle. The houCes of tlie Greeks and Jews have doors not above three feet and a half hi^h, to prevent the Turks riding into their houfes. It is 100 miks S. W. of Conrtantinoplc. Lon. z6. 5(}. E. lat. 40. ib. N. Ga 1.1,0, an idand of the South Sea, near the »)aft of Peru ; the (Irft place pof- relTt'd by the Spmiards, when tl'cv attempt- ed the ciiiiquell of Peru. It iv alCo the pbce where the IJuceancers ufed to come for wood and u :iter, and to refit their vel- fejs. Lon. So. o. W. lar. j. 30, N. ' Galloway, Ni;w, a fmall inland borough of Kirkcudbrij^htfliire, in Scot- land, pleafmilv lituated on the river Ken, 14 miles N. ot Kirkcudbright. * Gallow.y, UrPEK, or West, See WtfrTONsiiiRE. Galway, a county of Ireland, in tho province of Connaui^ht, S:. miles in length, and 41 in breadth, bounded by the coun- ties of Clare, Tippcrary, King's County, Rofcuiiimon, and the i"ea. The river Shannon walhes the frontiers of the E. and S. E. and forms a lake feverai miles in length. It contains 136 parifhes, and fends eight members to parli.itnent. The c-tpital is of the fame name. Galway, a town of Ireland, in the county of the lame name, of wiiich it is the capital. It li lurroimded by ftrong wills; the ftrects arc lirge and ftr^ij'ht ; and the hnu'-s arc roncrally well built of lloiic. Jt Ins a g(H)d trade into foreign parts, on acco'int of its harbour, wliich is defend '.d by a fort. It is feated on a bay of the fame name on the Atlantic Ocean, 40 miles W. S. W. of Aihlonc, and 100 W. of Dablin. l..on. y. o. W. lat. 53. iS.N. Gamhia, a great river of Africa, wliich running from E. to W. falls into the A'lanric Ocenn. It overflows the countrv annunllv like the Nile, and is fup- pi)frA to be a branrli of the Niger. •C; ANDF.RiuiKiM, a tf>wn of Germany, in the circle of [..owcr Saxony, and in the ducliv of Brunfwick VVolfenbuttle, with a celebrated nunnery. It is 17 miles S. W, of Gollar. Lun. iS< »o. £. lat. 51, 54. -N'. Gan'dia, a leaport of Spain, in Va- lencia, with a fmall univeriity. It is feated near the fen, 55 miles N.of Alicant. Lon. o. 20. K. lat. 39. 6. N. ■-■ GANiiiroTTA, a town of the pe- ninfula of Hindi)ortan,-in the dominions of Tippoo Sultan, remarkable for a ftrong forrrefs, and a diamond mine near it. It is feated on the river Pcnnar, between Gooty and Cuddapa. Ganges, j**W "■•--- *jr. A N las nn other defence than iHc. Tlic houCes of the hsve dtx.Ts not aljovc alf hi^h, to prevent the thttr hmifcs. It is loo onllaiitinoplc. Lon. i6, N. (land of the South Sea, Peru ; the lirft place pol'- uirds.whcn thev attcmpt- of Peru. It U alio tlic ]?uccanccr» uled to come CI , and to refit their vef- W. lar. J. 3&. N. , Ni.w, a fmall inland lu'brij^htdiire, in Scot- lituartd on the river Ken, Kirkcudbright. Y, Uppek, or West. IRK. county of Ireland, in th» iaui;ht, 8;. miles in length, h, bounded by the coun- ippcrary,^ King's County, id the fea. The river the frontiers of the E. ■nrms a lake fcverai miles :ontains 136 parifhes, and ibi,rs to parliament. The fame name. town of Ireland, in the inic name, of which it is : 1j lurroundcd bs' ftrong ts arc large and ftraiiiiht ; arc I'oncrally well built of a good tnnie into foreign It of its harbour, wliich is ort. It is fcated on a bay nic on the Atlantic Ocean, , W. of Aihlfipc, and 100 . ]^un. y. o. W. lat. 53. great river of Africa, from E. to W. falls into )cLsn. It overflows the y like the Nile, and is fup- ;!nr!i of the Niger. -IM, a t'>wn of Germany, I^ower Sixony, and in the fwick VVolfenbuttle, with innery. It is 17 miles S. Lun. li, JO. £. lat. 51. feaport of Spain, in Va- fmall univerfity. It is ea, 55 miles N.of Alicant. at. 39. 6. N. TTA, a town of the pe- )ort;m,-in the dominions of remarkable for a ftrong amond mine near it. It is cr Pcnnar, between Gooty Ganges, Vi A N " ^ Ganges, a lar^e and celebrated river jofAfia, which has its fourre m ttvolpringi, on the W.IJdeof Mount K.tntailfe, in the kingdom of Tiiibei, abcut tbt Smd de- gree of E. Icn.andthe :!5th of N. bt.Thc two infant ftreams take a W. direction, inclinini; confidcrably t(. thr N. for about joo miltn in a dircft I'.ilhincc ; when meeting the great riclgc of Mount Hini- maleh, which extends from Cabul along the N. of Hindooftan, and throurh Thi- bet, they are cnmpelled to turn to the S. in which courfc they unite their waters, and form what ii pn.pcrly calk 1 the Ganges, froni the Hindoo word Gau.yi, which fignifics the Kivtr ; a term given to it by way of eminence. This great body of wiiter now forces a pafrr,gc throuj^h the ridge of Mount Him- nieieh, at the diUancc of about 100 jniles below the place of its firlt approach to it, and, fapping its very foundations, jrulhcs through a cavern, and precipitates itfeif into a vaft bafin which it has worn in the rock, at the hither foot of the nifiuntains. The Ganges thus appears, to incurious Ipeftators, to derive its ori- ginal fprings from this chiiin of mountains. The mind of fiiperftition has given to the mouth of the cavern the form of the head of '1 cow ; an animal held by the I-Iind(x)s In a degree of veneration, almoft equal to that in which the Eijyptianb held their god Api.s ; and, accordingly, they have ftyled it the Gangotri, or the Cow's Mouth. From this fccond fource (as it may be termed) of the Ganges it takes a S. E. dircftion, through the country of Sirina- gur, until, at Hurdwar, it finally elcapes from this mountainous traft, in which it ^as wandered ab.^ut 800 miles. From Hurdwar, in lat 30" N. where it guflies jlhroueh an opening in the mountains, and enters Hindooftan, it flows with a fmooth navigable dream through delightful plains, during the remainder of its courfe to the bay of Bengal, which it enters by fcverai piouths. In its courfe through thefe plains, it receives 11 rivers, fonie of which are equal to the Rhine, and none fmaller ihan the Thames, befide many of inferior note. In the annual inundation of this immcnfe river, the country is overflowed to the extent of more than 100 miles in widtli ; nothing appearing but villages and trees, excepting, very rarely, the top of an ele- vated fpot, the artificial mound of fome defericd village, appearing like an ifland. The rife of the water, is, on an average, 31 feet. In a word, it is, in every re- fpett, one of the motl beneficial rivers in the world; diffufing plenty immediately by means of its living productions, and ffcojidarily by enriching the lands, alford- inni ing an eafy conveyance for the produftiont of its borders, and giving rmplovmtnt to many thoul'and boatmen, li is no won. dcr, th«reforc. iltat th* Ihiidoo;; regard this river as a kind ot di ty, that they hold itit waters in Iiigh veneration, nnd that it is vifited annually by a proiliifiou* number of pilgrims from all parts of Hin- dooilan. '' G AN NAT, a fmall town of France, in the d'-partmcnt of Ailier :i"d la-- province B'jurbonnois, 30 milts S ,'" LVLuilins. '* G.wjAM, a town of tlie pcnin'"ii1a of Hindooftan, in one of th- Northtra Circari, fubicLl to the Englifh. it liesoa the bay of Uc-'^al, between a river ani the S. \V. rn.l ot*"tht Cliilka Lake. Lon. 85. ;o. E. lat. iq. li. N, GaI', an ancji-nt tc.'wn of Frnicc, ii\ the ticpartnitnt "of the Upper Alps and latt proviiiCL- of Dauphiiiy. It is of no erfat exieni, but yet p piilous, and wa« Littly a b:'i:o;)'s (et. It wa. taken, in \('<)i, by tlie duke o' Savoy, wlio burnt a great part of it : and, it has not been long fmce that difalter tli.^ he principal church has been repaired. ( ap is feaicd on the fmall river Bene, at the foot of a moua- tain, in which fome mineral waters arc found that are deemed febrifuge. It is ^^ miles N. of Siltercn. Lon. 6. 10. E. lat. 44. 34. N. Garack, a cnnfiderabic ifle of Afia, in the gulf of Perfi i, remarkable for the fine pearls fi/hed up on its coaft. Lon. 48. 0. E. lat. 28. 15. N. * Gaud, one of the 83 department! of France, part of the late piavincc of Languedoc. Nifmes is the cpifcopil town.' Gakd, an ancient Roman aqueduct, in France, nine miles N. £. of Nifmes, crofted, it is fiippolcd, by Ai^rippa, in the tin.c of Augudiis C-Hiar. It m 160 feet in height, and confills of three bridges rif- ing above cacn other, and which unite two craggy mountains. The higheft of tlicfe bridges has fijt arches, of great blocks of ftone, viil'.out cement : the centre bridge has eleven ; and the loweft (under which flows die Gardnn, an inconfidcr- ahls, but rapid river) has 36. Lewi's XIV. wiien he repaired, in 1699, the da- mages wf.ich this ftupccdous work had fuftained by rime, caiifed a real bridge, over which travellers now pafs, to be cir- lirufted hj the fid" of the lower range rf archvs. This aqutoui'^ was built, in order to con/ey to Nifmes the water of the fpring of Eure, which rifcs near Uzcs. Garda, a town of Italy, in the terri- tory of Venice, and in the Veronefe ; feated at the end of a great lake of the fame name, 17 miles N. W. of Verona, Lon, 11,4. £. lat, 45. j6. N. Gardb. OARPEi.Fnrv, a town of Gertnanv, in the old marche of I!rjiul< nbuif. It has a UmIc in 'u-ns an^l rxcellciU beer ; /N. hy W.of M^iJiltbur-. Lon. n. 35. E. »ar. '-^. 4'-N. . . . ^ ^ Gakonnk, a fine river 01 the S. 't France, ^vhich riOs in the Pyrenees, and takiui; ■\ N- ^'^'• ilii^''!";". ^^■«"^' Touloufc »nJ Kourtit.i'ix. bdow wluch it is ioinea bv the I) Til.nine, aivl tlicucc to its entrance into the bay of IJilcny, is tailed the Girondc. It h.i^ a n;ivit;abic communicatii the peiiinfiila of Hindoolhm, to thc'Taptv, or Surat IVivcr, at unequal diftanccs from the cuaft ; feldoni more than 70 nnlcr,, and commonly about 4c : and, within one (hort ("pace only, it an- proaches within' fix niile«. They rife ab- riiptty from the low country, called the Conean, or Cocknni, fupporrin^', in the nature of a terrace, a vail extent of ftriile and populous plains, which arc fo elevate d, as to rcmler the air ciol and pltalaut. This celebrated ridge doe, not teriiiinate in a p.iint, or prommtcry, when it ap- proaches the 'J'apty : but,' departing from Its meridi';nal ccuri'f , it bends caftward, :n a wavy line, parallel to the river ; and is afterward loft amon^ the hiih, in the neighbourhood of Burhanpour. In it courCe along the Tapty, it forms levcral paires, or delcents (that is G.w.'j, accord- ing to the original import of the word, wiiich means a landing-'place) toward tl.at river. Ga/.a, an ancient and cclt-brated town df Palefline, three miles from the fea, with a harbourcallcd New Gaza. It is at prefent verv Imall ; but wc may judt:e bv the ruins' that it was formerly a conli- derable place. There is 'a taftle near i_r, where a baihaw rtAdts. It is 50 miles S. W. of Jerufalem. Lon. 34- 45- ^- ^'■f- 31.18. N. Gearon-, or Jaron, a fmall town of Perf.a, in Fartr'an, in whole territory the beft dates of Persia are produced. Lon. ?i. IT. E. lat. 28. li. N. "■ Geii.i:, the capital of the province of Gertrikc, in Sweden, t'eated on three branches of a river of the lame name, which bcgms to he navigable 'here, and falls, in a Ihort dirtance, into a bay of the r.akic. It is the m-jft commercial town in this norther;' part of Sweden ; and its expgrts arc principally if.n, pitch, tar, and * ».• |G i: F ke Ui (Jard.1. Lon. to. N. a populotr- town ni' I'partmint of Upper (i.i- pidvincc fif Latij^iicil If , 1 r G.ir miic, iij;ht utile* ii.ind. Lon. 0. 5O.E. l,it. I \\'a%'F'' k V, a town of rs, oil t'.c Sclitld, i;if;ht Lon. 3. 51. K. lit. II of Trnly, in the territory In;; on tlic river Ltmo. \V, of GcnoH. Lon. 3. .N. M'-', or TNi>r\N Apri- n- •mlovu wall of mountain:, C'pc Conioiin, tlieS. tx- pciiinfiila of Hindoortati, ir Surat Ulvcr, at unequal the coaft ; ftlduni more and conitii"nly ahout 40 : : (liort ("pace only, it au- fixniilci. They rife an- ■,f low country, called the ckiini, fupporrin-j-, in the ace, a vail Lxtent of ftrtile lains, whicli arc fo elevate d, he iiir c.Kil a?id ple:dai:t. I ridge d'lCi not terminate prormntcry, when it .ip- ,ipty : but, dL-parring from ■curie, it binds caftward, in parallel to the river ; and )ft anionf; ti'.e hills, in the cf Burlianpour. In it» he Tapty, it forms ft.veral :nts (that is du.'i, accord- ^inal import r,f the woui, landing- place) toward that innctit and celebrated town three miles from the ita, called New Gaza. J t is at I'lnaH ; but wc msy jiidice ;r.t it was formerly a coiili- There is U caftle nt-ar ir, y refides. It is 50 miles S. lem. Lon. 34. 4;. H. Lit. ir Jarost, a fmall town of rlrhin, in whofe territory i of Perfia are produced, •-.lat. 2H. 1:. N. the capital of the province ii Sweden, t'cated on three river of the fame name, to he navigible 'here, and t diltance, into a bav of the the m-jft c(.inimercial town part of Sweden ; and its rincipaliy ifjn, pitch, tar, and GEN »pd nlank-,. It ii ^> miles N. by W. of biocV.liolm. Lon. 1;. o, E. lai. 65. o. N. Gi.iii.NiiAOH, a free imperial city of Germany, in the ciiclc of Su.'iia. and un- der the proteClloii of the hoiil'e of Aullria, It is fiUtd on the river Kiii/.ia, 11 niilei 5. E. of .Stralburg. Lon. S. 1. [L Ut. 4S. 14. N. Gi-.M.tj>oaFF, atown of Germany, in Suibia, I'eatid near the rivir K'uher, wit'.i a caftic that belong* to the l;rdi of Lira« P'""*;- ■ ■ , Giiisi.r.NCF V, an impcriu town of Gerni.iiiy, in Siubia, 17 miles N. W. of Ulm. GKi.iiAvsi >;, a fm-i'l imperial town of Germany, in Wetcr.ivia, under the pro- tt=. N. GhMUN'i), an imperial town of Gcr- rnnv, in Suabia, having a manufacture of chaplet? or beads, which arc fent to diftant countries. It is Ccated on the river Reims, 30 miles N. by W. of Ulm. Lon. 9. 4S. E. Lit. 4S. 4?; N. Gh.MUND, a town of Germany, in the circL' of Weftphalii, and duchy of Ju- licrs, feared on the river Roer, 24 miles S. \V. of CuLignc. Lon. 6. .]-i. E. lat, 50. 3S. N. GtMUYP, a to'vn of Germany, in Upper Aullria, Cinr.dcrr.ble fur its falt- works. It i, Icated on ibe liver Uiaun, to the N. cf a like cf the ^'.;ne name. OtNAf, a tjwa of Auftrl.in Brabant, GEN ■with an ancient caftic ; feated on ths river Dylc, n mile* S. I'.. U liiuQcI*. Lon. 4. 40. K. I It. ;o. 40. N. GFM;r, orGiiN.vf.r, a llron^ town of (leriiiany, •» the circle of Weftplialiaj i'liojec^t to the kin;; of Prului, and featej on ihff river N.xrs, ne.tr t!u Maele, five miks S. \V. of C'!c>cs. Lou. j. 43. £, Iau 51.42. N. Gt NKV A, an ancifnt, lar^, iir\i\ poptv Ions town, c.pitil of a repubie cf th« ame name, near the c-inlincs of Trance and S>viircrlaii.i. It ii I'e ued on tiie inofl narrow part fif the 1 iki: of the Came name, where the Rhone ifTues in two !jrt;c nar- row channel-, which f'xni after unitCt This river divides the city inro tv.-o iitv. tfjiul parts. Gent'.a, which lies partly in rhc plain on the borders of the 1 ike, and pirily on a pen:lc afeent, ii> irregularif , built. It is the moil populous town <>l Swifierlam!, containing; 14,000 fni!?. Tl5« ref 'niiatioii, firft prcacliid at Geneva b» VViliiam V rrl, a n ftire of Gip, and Pet"" \ iret of (-'rbe, o.vcJ its funl reception and ellabliiliment here to the celebrated John Calvin. The treaty of alliance whiih Geneva cnntraftefl with D.-rii and I-'iibuvgh, in ijiCi, may be conndercd at the true cia of r; liberty and indepen- dence ; for, not loni; afnr, the lifiiedin i;-:. Tic h' mTls of Geneva are loftv ; and n;ar.j, thit (l.,rid GEN fnnd in tht trulinij ptrt of the city, h.ivc Rrcadtt of wood, which arc ruled «;vtn 10 the upper ftorict. Tliele arcudct, iupjiortcd by pillar*, give a gloomy .ip- ptarnncc U) tht l*.rcct, b'lt arc ul'eful to the inhnhiiititt irt prutidling thcin from the lull and rain. I'Uyin^ at catdj, or ilrinking at public-lmuC'-^, is not pcrmit- ed ; but thcv cxcrcilc 'heir niilitiii, pl.iy at \)iu»1h, and have oilier dircrtions on Siind iV i where, however, the duticii of the day, diiriii}^ the hour^ appropriati'd to di- vine lervic, are obrirved with the iiiiO rcfpcttlul decorum. The citi/cir, of both fcxti, arc remarkably well inftrufUd ; and, *' it is not iiMConunon," fays Dr. Monrc," to find nvdnnic"!, in tlie inter- vals of their labour, iinuifini; thtnd'ilves with the works of Locke, Monteltniieii, Newtiin, iind other produdlions ot the iHmi; kind " Ocnrva \. t.K.lit. ,\'<. 11. N. * Gi;nf.va, r.AKK ov, a niat^nificcnt cxpaid'c of water, in S.Mllcilai^d, whith. from one extremity or it. at the city nf Geneva, to the c^icr, a' t!',c town of ViU kncuvr. extends 54 iniLs in length j auj its breadth, in iw widet't part, is it. It is in the ihr'pc of a crelicnt, of which SwilTi.rland forms the cincjvc, and Sa- voy till convex part. Savoy affords a rude and awful boundary of al'piring Alps, cr;tgKy, and covered vvitli the ite of a^es, I'ri m (.rencva to the cnvironii of Laufannc, the country llopcs, for a con- fiderablc way, to the marjjin of the lake, and is enriched with all the variuties that nature Ci'.n bcftow. The long ridge of the Jura, fertile in paftur.agc, an.l varied with woods, bdcVs thic beautiful truth Near Laulnnne, the banks rile conlider- ably, and form a charming terrace. A few mile; beyond that town, is a rapid dc- fcen'. Neai \ evay, begins a plain, winch is contiriitd far beyond the end of the lake, but contraftiiig, by the approach of die mountains, toward the water ; the colour of whtth is extremtiv beautiful, clear, and at a diftsnce feenis of a lovely blue. The depth is varioirc ; the grfarrft, yet found by foundinij, f6o fathoms. Like all inland lakes, inclofed withrn high inountaif^s, it is fubjeft to fudden florins. Ammig the Weds which frequcm this like, arc the Jifipc: grcba (Pennant's Brit. Z'X'l. vol. ii. N°. 121.) which ap- ' pear in December, and retire in Fe- bruary. Their (kins arc an elegant ar- ticle of hixury, and ("ell for li or 14s. each. TheCe birds arc oljligcd to breed in other places, this lake being almolt to- tally delluute of reeds and rufitcs, in GEN which they form their floating neft. Tht river Rlionc runs through the whole ex. tent of thi« lake, from it* E. to iu S. W. txtremuy. Gkvoenb^ck, a town of Oertnany, in Suabia, ten miles S. V.. of Straiburg. Lsn. 7. ^.1. E. lat. 4». jS. N. GKf<(;i>ux DK Royal, St. a town of France, in the dcpanment of Saone and Loire and late province of Burgundy, remarkabb for itt excellent wines. It i« ftafed at the foot of a mountain, 17 rriilci S. W. of Chaloni. Lon. 4. 43. E. lat. 46. 37. N. ■' Genetz, St. n town of France, in the department of Aveiron and late pro- vince of Roiierguc. It the it birthplace of the abbe Raynalj and is 14 miles N. K. of Rhodet. Lon. }. o. E. lat. 44. 3 5. N. Gems, a town of Savoy, Crsted on the river Guier, 11 miles VV. of Chamber ry. Lon. «. 30. E. lat. 4;. 40. N. Gkvoa, a city of Italy, capital of a re- public of the fame nsme. It is very an- cant uiid large, beinir about fix miles in cirruiiiference, built like an amphitheatre, and full of magnificent churchei and palaces ; whence it has the name of Genoa the Proud. It is very populous, and one of the m^ft trading places in Italy. They hive i;re;\t mamifartures of vefvcr, filk, and cl ith ; and the kinking bufinefs is -x very profita'.ile article of commerce. The nobility here do not fcruple to engage in the iiiHnufaCturcs or trade. Genua is an aichbifhop's fee, has an academy, a good harbour, and Infty walls. There is a large aqucdurt, which fupplics a great number of fountains with water, in all parti of the city. 'I he lioufes are well-built, and are hve or fix (lories high. The government is ariflocratic, none but the nobility having any (liarc in it. Thcfe arc of two Ibrts, the old and the new, whence there are Ho pcrfons cliofen, who make the great council, in which their fovereignty relides. Bchdc thei'e, there is a fcnate, compofed of the doge and 11 fenators, who have the idmlnillration of affairs. The doge con- "uues in his office but two years. The Inrbouris very confiderable, and to pre- Icrvc it, they have built a mole of 560 paces in length, 13 in breadth, and 1 5 feet above the hvci of the water. Genoa was bombarded by the French in 1684, and was taken by the Auftrians in 1746. Th'.'ir opprcliion of the inhabitants was fuch, that the latter fuddcnly rofc and ex- pelled tbe.'r conqiifirors, who again be- licgcd the citv, tlit n-cxt yAr, but with- out tfFeft. The ordinary revenue of this republic is 100, cool, a year, and there k a bank which is paftly (upportcd by public duties. nca. S. W| long The the vi Gh| the cipal partbj in t('\ Unde Oddrt bruafl whicl othetf clay ious.l tiy til lUlLt J V. 2b| Lun.! G\ gulff to 4r| dl-'t!, the E N icir filiating neft. Th« lirouKh the whole e«> 10111 it» E. to its 8. W. , a town of Oermnny, lot S. K. of Stralburg. 4^. iH. N. Royal, St. a town (iepartincnt of Saone province of Burgundy, excellent wines. It it of a mountain, 17 rrjilei Lun. 4. 4). E. lat. 46. n town of France, in Av'ciron and late pro- ic. It tlif i« birthplace nal ; and is 14 miles N. nn. 1. o. E. lat. 44- 3 5'N' n of Savoy, Tested on the iiiks VV. of Chanibcrry. t. 4;. 40. N. I of Italy, capital of a re« ic name. It is very an- btimr about fix miles in iiilt like an amphitheatre, ignificcnc churchefs and it hab the name of Genoa , very populous, and one ig place* in Italy. They ufarturcs of velvet, filk, the banking bufinefs is a irtidc of commerce. The not fcruple to engage in :s or traclc. Genoa is an , has an academy, a good fty walls. There is a large h fupplics a great number h water, in all parti of the fcs are well-built, and are :s high. The government mc but the nobility having . Thcfe arc of two Ibrts, c new, whence there are fen, who make the great :h their fovereignty rehdes. lerc is a fcnatc, compofed of II fenators, who have the if affairs. The doge con- ffice but two years. The ■ confiderable, and to pre- have built a mole of 560 , 1 3 in breadth, and 1 5 feet of the water. Genoa was the French in 1684, and the Aiiftrians in i746' on of the inhabitants was Inter fiiddenly rofc and cx- lonqiiRrors, who again be- , tin; ntxt yrt»r, but with- \z ordinary revenue of this ,oool. a year, and there is a paftly lupportcd by public duties. GEO tlufiei. Tliey generally keep two or tVifee vtar& ptovilion of cum, wiui, iiiid nil, in their m.iif.i/iiiet, wUiili iliey I'ell 10 the people in Icarcc tiiia">. (ienoa h (■ . >iilkit S. K. of Tutin, and : J5 N. \V. of Uome Loll, 3, 41. K. lit. 44. t '. N. C4i NfiA, flK lerritory lionlertd fri>m W. to E. bv riid- mont, Montterrat, Afilaii, I'hiciitia, Par- ma, Tufcanv, and Lucia. It is populous, well cultivated, and futile near the lea ; but the inner jiart^ are mountainous, and barren in feveral places, having neither trees nor grals upon them. • GkoittiK, FoK T, a llrong and regu- lar fortrefs of Invernefsfhirc, in bcotl md. It has Icvcral liaiidl'un c Drceis of bar- racks ; and is fcated o,opp >l. the mouth of tiio Ap- p II .chikola. l. in. S4. ^o. W. lat. m. \o, N. (iKOKoi., St. one of the A/orei, in- linbire< van, on the S. by Armenia, and on the VV. by the Ci>')an, or new Ruilian go- vtrnmcu'- of Caucal'us. It i* divided into nine provinces. Of tliefe, five are lubjcdl to Heradius, and foitn what is coinmunljr cilled the kingdom of Georgia ; and four^ which are fubjjft to David, form the kingdom or piinci;)ality of Imeretii, Thi:i Cduntry i'^ fo cxt'.cniely beautiful, that fome fancil'ui travellers have imagin- ed they had here found the fituation of the original garden uf F.den. The hilla are covered with furellsof oak, adi, beech, chclnuts, walnuts, p.nd elmi, encircled with vines, growing ptrfcdlly wild, but prodtiein^^ vail (luamitics of i^rapes. From iheic ii atiru illy made ak much wine as it neccfl'ary f„r tiieir yeaily eonlumption ; tha remaiader are left to rut on the vines. Cotton i;rows fpontancoufly, as v.'ell as the fiuLlt European fruit-trees. Rice,, wheat, jnill-'t, lienip, and (lax, arc ralfcd on xi\c pluir.?, aliuoft without culture. The vallies afford the fuieiV pafturauc ia the world ; the riveiD arc full of flin '; the mountains abmind in mincrali ; and the ciimat* is deliciotis ; fo that nature ap- pears to liave liviflicd on this favoured country evory production tl.at can conrri. bute to the happin^r.i of its inhabitants. On ih* other hand, the riven of Gcor^'lj, being GEO" tting hi by"mountain toricntf, are al- ways eiilicr iwi) rdpiil or two fhallrw fir the purpo!"t.'s nf tnvigatio!i ; ;l!c Black Sf?. bv which cnmn-crcc aiiH civilization mtgiif li- introduce ' tVom Europe, has been ti'i '■•-T\' I,ii['y in the exriiinve pof- ftfTioii of the Turls's ; the tn ;!c of Geor- gia ny )?P(I i^ grc-iilv oliftnifteil by the hi?''i lT)ount:iir.s of C<"icaiU!' ; and this *bffwle i« 11 1! incrcHftJ by the fwarms cf pred.^^"iry imIiot's, by v/hich ihcfe moun- ti-.iti5 ar'^ inhabirtrl. Th:- in!.-3hir.ini;i arc Chn'.Hans rf tho C>rLrI< communion, and ajj;icar to hav: received their pr^llnt tmiie from vhcir i'ltacumcnts i -i St. George, the t'j'cla'y faint cf the!',; ciniiirrie'. Th.ir di'ff:. nearly rtfeinblcu tint of tno Coiraci: ; but men of rank fi-e'.]!!etitly v.\::i- tlic habit of T'crfia. They uCually die their iiair, hiar.l.i, nriJ nail) with ted. The women eiri;^loy the MUie colour to iVii'n the palir.3 of tticir hands. On thtir Iiead they wtar a ca]) or hilet, uiidtr ■which tl'.cir blitk hair Fails on thei • fore- head ; bchiiul, i: is braided into Tcvcr,:! rreffes : their evebrows a".' painted wiih black, in Inch a manntv as to form one tntire lim. , ^rd the face i> perfedllv i.oated vi'.h vh.ire and red. Their air ard inar.ocr &re extremely Volu; (uoi.":, and being generally ( ducatcd in convents, tiuy ran ali read and write ; a qya!itic,;tion which is very uniifual amon<.< the men, even of the hiijheO rank. Girls are he- trctl.cd as foon as poUible, often at three ':!r four years of age. In the Greets the Avotiicn'of rank an.- always Veiled, and then it is indccnt m any rr:an to accoft t'hetn : it is liktwiu; uncivil, in convcria- ripT, t') inquire after the wives of ary of the cotrpau;-. Travellers acciile the '(leori^ians of drunken ntfsjfuperfti tiorijCri!- <.ltv, fiorh, avarici.". and cowardice ; vices which are every .vhere common to (lu\ cs !m,'! tyrant!, and arc by no mean'; peculiar to the natives of '.ills counrry. Tlic ric- )r?ndants cf the colorifts, carried by Shach .Abbaii, and fcttl:d ai; Peri.i, rear ifpah-'.n, anffin i>T.i(andc''ar,, hive ch,.nj^ed their cha- fa^ler wkh their j.;'ivernrnent ; a-id the .t5vi:S| .itid rcmctimes in villaires of tlieir 6\y:,. A liey fpcalt among; thei);felves rhcir O'.VR Innpu-.'.ije, but t.'\ undertf-nnd and can calk tliju Georp;ian. Their rffis^^i^i' or if p:irtly the Ai menian, and (''irtly the '' Runian C3,t>ioli.;. Tb^y are the njoi\ ep- I.^. . ...■ 1, ... ,„''r>f-i' ' ■•"■ ^ ■ G E O prer.'i::d of the inhr.bitan's, but are fiil! diC tinguil'icd by thst inftint'tive indufiry which ^vcry where charaiilerizes the na- tion. Bct"iic thel'o. ll'.cre are in Georgia confiderable numbtrs of Jcwi; feme hav-. ing vi'l.ip-es of th.'ir own, and oihe.s tr.ixcd \\ ■Ml the Gi:orgian, Avnicnian, and Tar- tar ii'h:bit:inrs, hut never with tne Ofli : they pay a Ihi.d! trilniie ;;bovc thtit of th: ii3tiv;n. Tefilis is tlie capitilof Georgia. See I:mi:iu .-ia. GinaciA, the in^.f* fninhern of the Lnited States of N. Anricrica, bounded on the K. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the S. by K. and W. Florid.a, on the VV. by the river Milhllippi, and on the N. by N. and S. Carolina, bei'i;; divided from the lartcr by th.e river Savannah. It is about too milts lonr; and 2 to broad ; lying be- t-.vcen So"" and 91" W. Ion. and'ji" and 3 5'-' N. l.it. It is cllvidetl into u counties , inn-e!y, Cinthani, Effingham, Burke, K.chhrind, Wilker, Liberty, Crlynn, Cnm- 'hn, Wafhington, Greene, and Fr .nKlin. The cipital is Au^urtn. Ti^e principnl rivc's .-.re th^. Savannah, O.^et.d'.ee, Alata- maha. Turtle River, Little Sitilla, Great Eitilia, Crooked River, St. M:irv's, and Appa'-ichikola. Then inters in Goorpia are ver;/ mild -.'nd pleafant. Smw is fil- doi'^ - r ticver fccn. The Icil and its fer- tility are v.aiioii!i, according to fituatiom and different improvements. By culture are produced rice, indigo, cotton, illk, India corn, potatoes, oranges, tigs, pome- ,g.'.jnates, kc. Rict, at prefeut, ii the ftaple commodity ; but great attention be- jri IS to be paid to the raifing of tobacco. Tne whole cuart of Gctirgia is bordered with ijlands, t!ic nriitfip.il of which are Skida- way, WaTai", Offiilriw, St. Cath-irine's, Sapelo, Lredwrica, jekyl, Cumberland, and Amelia. Gi;orvCii.\, Sol'Thkrn, --n ifland of the S.I'aoiilc Ocean, difcovered by ca^jtain C'i:;!< in 177;;, and fo named by liim. It is 31 leagues long, and its gre,->tefl breadli is about 10. It feems to abound with bays and harbours, which the vaft quan- tities of ice render inaccelTibIt the gicateft part of the vear. Two rick y iOands are fituated at the K. end; one cf which was nriined Wiliis' liland, frona the perfni who dlfcuvered it. It is i craggy ditf, nearly perpendicular, whicli onfuined the nefls of many thousand fl'.ags. T tie other vccrived tlw name of Bird Ifland, from the innumerable flacks of birds of all forts that were feen near it, from the large. t ajba- trolFcs down to the leaft petr.ils. Several pirpoilVs and feals were likewife obfervcd, 'Here are perpendicular i.-e clitJ's, of corf* dtia'oh: height, like thofc at Spiubergtn. Co It cou ma ~~G E O -^^ I inliubituni's, but are flill dif- yr that inftiiiftivc imiufiry wliLTC charai'leriics the na- ihcl'c. ilieic are in Georgia nin^bc-rs of Jews,, fornt- hav* "th-'ir owr, and othei's rr,ixt\I irgiJii, Aviiitaian, and Tar- ■■!, but never w'nh tne Oih : imII rrilMite sl'ovc ttat nf th: fflis is the capitil of Georgia. lA. , the rr-'ft fnuihcrn of the s of N. America, bounded on le Atlantic Ocean, on the S. W. riorid.i, on the VV. by MiilVippi, and on the N. by irnlina, bei'ii; divided from the river Savannah. It is aljout rw and 3 to broad ; lying be- nd 91' W. Ion. and 'ji" and t is divided into 1 1 ccuntiea , nthain, Effingham, Burke, V i'.kcr, Liberty, Glynn, Cam- it'ton, Greene, and FriuKhn. Is Au;;uan. The principal ,. Savannah, O.^etv.l'.ec, Alata- e Rivor, Little Sitilla, Groat )kcd River, St. M:irv's, ard )la. The uinter-i in Gcorpia d '.'nd pleafant. Smw is Itl- ;r fecn. The foil and its fer- i.i(3u:i, nccordmt; to fitiiation t improvements. By culture ed rice, indigc, cotton, f.lk, potatoes, oranges, figs, pomc- ;c. Rice, at prefent, ii the ndity ; but great attention be- laid to the raifing of tobacco, uall of Geiifgia isbordcrcd with oriiixip.il of which arc Skida- IV'. Ofr;ih\\v, St. Catharine's, cd-rica, jekyl, Cumberland, A, SOL'THKRN, "n iflsnd of c Ocean, difovered by ca'ptaia 7;;, and fo named by liim. It s,long, and its grenteA bread h ). It fctms to abound with trbours, whirh the vaft qi:an- render inacceiliblc the grcateft year. Two r-icky iilands are the N. end; one oV \>hich was Ills' liland, from the perfnii cred it. It is i craggy tlitf, lendicular, v.-hlch onfained the nv thoufand r.;ags. Tlic other e'name of Bird Idand, from the c flacks of tivds of all forts that fiear it, from the largt.t ajba- n to the \eaft petrnk. Several nil feals were like wife obferrcJc, L'rptndicular i.-e clift, of corf* ^ht, like thofc at fepiubcrgcn, PietSS G E R Pieces were continually breaking off, and floating out to fca. The vallies were co- vered with fnow ; and the only vegetation fcbfervcd, was a biaded grafs growing in tufts ; wild burner ; anJ a plant, hke mofs, which fprung from the rocks. Not a ftream of frefli water was to be fecn on the whole coaft. This ifland lies between 3S. 13. and 35. 34. W. Ion. and 53. 57- and 54. 57- S. lat. Gki'PING, an imperial town ot (jer- many, in the circle of Suabia and duchy of Wirtemhurg, ftattd on the river VVils, 25 miles E. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. 45. E. lat. 48. 44. N. Gf.RA, a town of Germany, in Mifnia, with a handfomc college, on the river Elfter. Lon. 1 1. ;6. E. lat. 50. 50. N. Ceraw, atownof Germany, in Hefle- Darmftadt, capital of a dilliift of the fame name, 10 miles N. W. of Darmlladt. Lon. 8. 29. E. lat. 49. 4;. N. Gerberoy, a town of France, in the department of Oile and late province of the Ifle of P'ranct, with a handfomc chap- ter-houfe, 10 miles from Beauvais, and f,o N. of Paris. Lan. i. 54. E. lat. 49. 32. N. Gkrhes, Gerui, or Zerbi, an ifland of Africa, on the coaft of the kingdom of Tunis. It bears no corn but barley ; though there :re large quantities of figs, olives, and (jrapes, which, when drie 1, form their principl trade. It depends on the dey of Tripoli. Lon. 10. 30. E. lal. 33. s6. N. GERBEViLLERS,a town of France, in the department of Meurthe ind late pro- vince of Lorrain, with a handfomc caftle. The church of the late Carmelites is very elegant. It is feated on th^ river Agen, five miles from Luneville. Geroenti, a town of Sicily, with a caftle, and a bilhop's fee. It is feated near the river St. Blaife, 50 miles S. of Palermo. Lon. 13. 24. E. lat. 47. 24. N. Germain, St. a town of France, in the department of Seine and Oife and late province of the Kle of Frai.cc, with a magnificent palace, embelliflicd by feve- ral kings, particularly by Lewis XIV. who was iKirn in it. It is one of the nioft beautiful feats in France, as well on ac- count of the apartments and gardens, as of the fine foreft that is near it. Here James IL found an afylum, v;lien he fied to France. It is feated on the river Seine, 10 miles N. W. of Paris. Lon. 2. 1 5. E. lat. 48. y- N. CJF.itMAix's, St. a fmall borourh of Cornwall, with a market on Fiiday. It was once the largcft town in the coiinty, and a bifliop's fee. What re- mains' of the cathedral is ufcd as the pariUi G E R church; and near it is the priory, yet ftanding. It ftands near the Tea, had formerly a ' ood filhery, and is lO miles W. v-f Ply.iouth, and 224 W. by S. of Londo ' Lat. 50. 22. N, lon. 4. 24. VV. Germain Laval, St. a town of France, in the department of Rhone and Loire and late province of Forez, feated in a territory fertile in excellent wine ; i3 miles S. of Roanne, and 125 miles S. E. •f Paris. Lon. 4. 2. E. lat. 45. 50. N. Germano, St. a town of the king- dom of Naples, at the foot of Mount Caf- fano, and belonging to an abbey on the top of that mount. Lon. 13. 59. E. lat. 41. 13. N. Germany, a country of Europe, bounded on the E. by Hungary and Po- land, on the N. by the Baltic Sea and Denmark, on the W. by France and the Netherlands, and on the S. by the Alp*, SwinTerland, and Italy ; being about 640 miljs in length, and 550 in breadth. The air is temperate and wholefomc; but as to the particular proJudlions, they will be taken notice of where ths circles are de- fcribed. Gcrmaiiy contains a great many princes, fecular ;;nd ecclefinftic, who arc independent of each other ; and there are a great number of free imperial cities, v/hich are fo many little republics, govern- ed by their own laws, and united by a head, who has the title of emperor. The weftcrn Roman empire, which had termi- nated in the year 47 5, in the perfon of Auguftulus, the laft Roman emperor, and whif.h was fucceeded by the reign of the Huns, the Oftrogoths, and the Lombards, was revived by Charlemagne, king of France, on Chriftmas Day, in the year 800. This prince being then at Rome, pope Leo III. crowned him emperor, in St. Peter's church, ainid the acclamations of the clergy and the people. Nice]iho- rus, .who was, at that time, emperor of the Eaft, confcnted to this conjiiarion. After the death of Charlemagne, and of Lewis le Debonnaire, his fon and Uicceilbr, the empire was divided l)etween the four fons of the latter. Lothario, the firft, was emperor ; Pepin, was kinjj of Aquitainc ; Lewis, king of Germany ; and Charles le Chauve ^the Balu) king of France. This partition was the fourct of inceffant feuds. The French kept the empire under eight emperors, till the year 912, when Lewis III. the laft prince of tke line of Charle- magne, died wi-.hout ifTue male. Conrad, count of Fran>:onia, the fon-in-law of Lewis, was then elected emperor. Tlius the empire went to the Germans, and be» came deprive; tVir if had been heredirarf under the French emperors, ic;> fcuni'.ers. R The ,.-, ^-ftys* -^frJiBr •; ._<-**.-. ,^,4j a V ^J*. ,,t^ J ^^ , G E R The emperor was chofcn by the princes, the lords, and the deputies of cities, till towiird the end of tho i jth Century, when the number of the eleftors was fixed. Rjdolphus, count of Hapftjurgh, was eleftcd emperor in 1273. He is thehead of the houfc of Auftria, which is defcend- ed from the fame ftock as the houfc of Lorrain, reunited to it rn the pcrfon of Francis I. father of the two late emperors, Jofcph and Leopold. On the death of Charles VI. of Auftria, in 1740, an em- peror was chofcn from 'he houfc of B»- Tana, by the name of Charles VII. On the death of this prince, in »'745, the above mentioned Francis, grant! duke of Tuf- cany, was etefted emperor ; whofe grand- fon, Francis, now enjoys the imperial dig- nity ; the prerogatives of which were for- merly ittueh move extenfive than they are at prcfent. At the clofe of the Saxon rate, in 1014, they excrcifed the right of con- ferring all the ecclcfiaftical benefices in Germany ; of receiving their revenues during a vacancy ; of lucceeding to the effcftsof inteftate ecckfiaftics; of confirm- ing or annulling the eieftions of the f, ' popes ) of aiTcmbhng councils, and of ap- pointing them to dc' Me concerning the jiffuirs of the church ; of conferring the title of king on their valTals ; of granting vacant fiefs ; of receiving the revenues of the empire ; of governing Italy as its pro- per fovereignsj of creaiug free cities, and eftabliftiing fairs; of airembling the diets of the empire, and fi^inv, the time uf their duration ; of coining money, and conferring the fame privilege on the .'lates of the empire; and of adminiftcr- ing juftice within the territories of the dif- ferent Rates ; but, in 14^7, they were re- duced to the right of conferring all digni- ties and titles, except the i>rivilege of being a ftate of the empire ; of appointini» once • during their reign a dignitary in each chapter, or religious houfe ; of granting difptnfaiions with refpeCl to thu age of majority ; of trefting cities, and confer- Tiuv, the privilege of coining money ; of calling the meetings of the diet, and pre- fidmg in them. To this fomc have added, I. Thit all the princes and I'.ates of Ger- many are obliged to fwear fidelity to them. ;. That they, or their generals, . hive a right to commaud thv forces of all t)ie princes of the empire, when united together. 3. That they receive a kind of tribute from all the prmces anJ Hates of the empire, for c^arying on a war which i-oneerns the.Ahole empire, which is called the Roman Monttu IJiir, after all, there is nor a font of land, or tcrritSry, annexed 19 this title ; for, ever fince the reign of G E R Charles IV. the emperors have depended! entirely on their hereditary dominions, as the only fonrce of their power, and even of their fubfiftence. The cleftors of the empire are three ccclefiaftical ; namely, the archbilhops of Treves, Cologne, and Mentz ; and five fccular, namely, the king of PruITia, as eleftor of Branden- burg : the king of Great Kritain, as elec- tor of Hanover ; the prefent emperor, a» archduke of Auftria; the eleftor of Saxo- ny, and the cleitor palatine of the Rhine. Each ekftor bears the title of one of the principal officers of the empire ; the elec- tor of Hanover, for inftance, being " arch- treafurer and eleftor of the holy Roman empire." To prevent the calamities of a contefted eleftion, a king of the Ro- mans has been often chofcn in the lifetime of tlie emperor, on whofe death he fuc- ceeds to the imjxirial dignity, as a circum- ftance of courfe. The emperor always affumes the title of auguft, of Caefar, and of facred majcfiy. Although he is chief of the empire, the fupreme authority re- fides in the dietCj which are compofed of three colleges; the firft, that of the cleft- tors, the fecond that of the princes, and the third that of the imperial towns. The eleflors and princes fend their depu- ties, as well as the imperial towns. When the college of the eleftors and that of the princes difagree, that of the towns cannot decide the dift'erence ; but they are obliged to give their confent when they are of the fame opinion. The diets have the power of making peace or war, of fettling gene- ral impofitions, and of regulating all the important affairs of the empire. But their dccifions have not the force of law till the emperor gives his confent. All the fovc- reigns of Germany have an abfolute au- thority in their i.wn dominions, and csn lay taxes, levy troops, and make alliances, provided they do not prejitdice the em- pire. They determine all civil caufcs definitively, unlefs in fome particular cafes, in which an appeal may be made. Theie appeals are to two courts, called the Imperial Chamber, and the Aulic Council. The three principal religions are, the Roman Catholic, the Lutherans, and the Calviniftu. The firft prevails ia the dominions of the emperor, rn the cede- fiallical eleftorates, and in Bavaria ; the fecond, in the circles of Upper and Lower Saxony, great part of Weftphalia, Frnji- conia, buabia, the Upper Rhine, and in moft of the Imperial towns; the third, in the dominions of the landgrave of Hefi'e- CalFcl, and of fome other princes. But Chtiltians of almoft every denomination arc toleratwfin many parts of the empire ; and G E R '""^ emperors have depenJccI ir hereditary dominions, as of their power, and even ence. The cleftorn of the iree ecclefiaftical ; namely, )s of Treves, Cologne, and five fccular, namely, the fia, as eleftor of Branden- g of Groat Britain, as elec- cr ; the prefent emperor, a» Aiiftria ; the eleftor of Saxo- cttor palatine of the Rhine, bears the title of one of the ers of the empire ; the elec- r, for inftance, being " arch- eleftor of the holy Roman o prevent the calamities of tlcftion, a king of the Ro- ;n often chol'en in the lifetime ror, on whofe death he fuc- inipcrial dignity, as a circum- jurfe. The emperor always title of auguft, of Csefar, anpeals are to two courts, called crial Chamber, and the Aulic The three principal religions Roman Catholic, the Lutherans, Calvinifts. The firft prevails in iiions of the emperor, iti the eccle- eleftorates, and in Bavaria ; the n the circles of Upper and Lower great part of Weftphalia, Fraji- jabia, the Upper Rhine, and 'in the Imperial towns; the third, in inions of the landgrave of Heff md of fome other princes. But IS of almoft every denomination ateJin many parts of t,hc empire ; and ■inT kni thtre is a multitude of Jews in all the great towns. The principal rivers of Germany are, the Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Wefcr, Maine, and Oder. Germany is divided into nine circles, each of v hich comprehends feveral other ftatcs; the prin- ces, prelates, and counts of which, \yith the deputies of the imperial towns, meet together about their common affairs. Each circle has one or two direftors, and a colonel : the direftors have a power of convoking the afTembly of the ftates of their circle, and the colonel commands the army. Tfie nine circles are thofe of Auf- tris, Bavaria, Suabia,' Franconia, Upper and Lower Rhine, VVeflphalia, and Up- per and Lower Saxony. The language of Germany is a dialeft of the Teutonic, which fucceeded that called the Celtic. GbRMERSUEiM, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, fubjeft to the eleftor palatine. It is fituated near the Rftine, five milts W. of Philiplburg. * Geks, one of tht S5 departments of France, which includes the late provinces of Gafcony and Armagnac. It has its name from a river that waters Auch.and Leftoure, and falls into the Garonne above Agen. Auch is the capital. Gkrtruydenberg, an ancient, handfome, and ftrong town of Dutch Bra- bant, and one of the principal bulwarks of the Dutch. It was taken from the Spa- niat-ds in 1575, and retaken in 1589; but prince Maurice became mailer of it again 'n " 593> aft':r a fiegc of three months. It was taken by the French in 1793, but retaken loon after. It is ff:ated on the river Dungen, which falls into Lake Bies-bos, 10 miles N. of Breda. Lon. 4. 52. E. lat. 54. 44. N. Gerumenhi, an ancient town of Portugal, in Alentejo, fcarsd on a hill, near the river Guadiana It has a flrong caftle, and, in 1662, maintained a Cie^c for a month before it was taken by the Spaniards. It is 18 miles below Badajoz. Gesrke, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wellphrlia ; tcated on the river Wcyck, eight mii:s from Lippe. Ge'jtrike, a province of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Helfingia, on the E. by the gulf of Bothnia, on the S. by Upland, and on the ^V. by Dakcarlia. It i' richly diverlified i -"n alteinatc Ciic- cc(ri,)n of forefts, rucks, hills and diles, p-ifture and arable land, lakes and rivers. The beauty of the landfcapes is m'.ich heii;htened by the D;ihl, the fineR river in Sweden, which meanders through the whole extent of this province. GeVaudan, alate territory of Fr.mcc, in Lb'^ucIuc, bounded gn th; N. by G H E . Auvergne, on the \V. by Rnucrgue, on the S. by the Cevcnncs, and on the E. by Velay. It is a mountainoiis, barren coun- try ; and now forms the department of Lo7.cre. Gever, or St. Goar. SvoGo-.ve.-'. Gex, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Ain and late province of Breffe, I'eatcd at the foot of Mount St. Claude, between the Rhone, the lake of Genci.., and Sivifferland. It is noted for excellent chceCo ; and is to miles N. \V. of Gcne- va. Lon. 6. i. E. lat. 40. 20. N. Gkzira, a town of Afi i, in Diarbeck, in an irtand formed by lIic Tigris, 70 miles N. W. of Moufui. Lon. 40. 50. E. !at. 36. 36. N. '* Gh AN AH, or Gh INN AH, a town of the empire of Cafhna, in Africa. It is feated between a lake and the river Ni- ger, which js here called Neel-il- Abeed, or the Nile' of the Negroes. It is 93 miles N, E. of the city of Cafhna, and 2o8 S. of Agadez. Lon. 13. 12. E. lat. Ghent, the capita! of Auftrian Fhn- ders, with a ftrong caftle, and a bilhop's fee. It contains 70,000 inhabitants j but it is not populous in proportion to its extent, which is frt great, that Chirks V. Tad to the French king, Francis I. " I have a glove (the Frf.nch name for Ghent is Gcuicl, a gli)v<) in which I can put your whole city of I'aris." Here is ftill Ihown the hoiife in which that emperor wa» born. There arc feveral fllk and woollen inanufaitures here, which ate m a fl.iu- rifhing condition, and they have a great trade in corn. The city is cut by feveral canals, which divide it into 26 illes, and over the canals are 300 bridges. The ca- thedral is a noble ancient ftrufture, dedi- cated to St. Buvon. Bi-fide this, there are only fix parochial churches. The Benedic- tine abbey of St. Peter is a magnificent edifice. In this abbey, as well as in the churches, are foine capital paintings by the beft mailers. There is a large canal from Ghent to Bruges, and thence to Oftend. Ghent was taken by the French in 1791, but retaken the ne.tt year. It ij feated at the confluence of the river* SchcM, Lis, Licve, and Moeve, 16 mile* N. W. of Bruffcls. Lon. 5. 49. E. lat. ci. 3.N. "■ GiiERfioNG, s city of Afii, capital of the kingdom of AfTam. Jt is feated on a river which runs, in a fliort difiancc, int9 the Burrampooter, 400 m'les N. E. of Calcutta. Lon. 93. i;. E, lit. 25. '' GnERiAii, a town of the peninsula 3f llindooftan, on that pirt of liiu W. IkIs R I ciU^ i r I gTS ca'cd the I'intc Coaft. It was the capri- tii and principal port of Anjjria, a famous piratical prince, whofc fgrt licre was taken, and liis whole ilci.t J-ftroycd, in 17^6, by the Englifl) ami Mahrattas in conjunftion. It is 295 miles S. by K. of Bombay. Lon. 73. 8. E. lat. 17. 50. N. Ghilan, a province of Pcrfia, lying on the S. W. fulc of the Cafpiaii Sea. It is fiippofed to be the Hvrcania of the ancic'us. It is very agreeably fituated, having the fea on one fide, and hij;h mountains on the other ; and there is no entering it but thrDU^h narrow paffcs, which may be eafily dt'-'ended. The fides of the mountains arc covered with many forts of fruit-trees; and in the higheft parts of them are detr, bears, wolves, leo- pards, and tigers ; which laft the Perfians naVe a fecret of "aming, and hunt with them, as wt do with dogs. It is one of the moft fruitful provinces of all Perfia, and prnduceo abundance of filk, oil, -/ oaflage between the mountain and i'\-: rea, acrofs wliich the Spaniards have drawn a line, and fortified it, to prevent the gar- rifon from having any commurxication with the country. It was formerly thought to be impregnable; hut, in 1704, it wa's taken by the confederate fleet, commanded by fir George Rooke. The French and Spaniards attempted to retake it the fol- lowing year, and 500 of them crept up the rock which covers the town, in the night-time, but were driven down .-tad- long the next morning. In 1727, 'he Spaniards beficged it again, and attempted to blow up the rock, which they found impraiflicabic, and were at length obliged to raife the ficge. In the lad w.ar, it un- Jlrwtnt an evor-mcruorable fiege, which lalled from the i6thofJu!y 1779, whcti the blockade commenced, to tiie bcp'-nlnff of February 171^?, when the fi.-.-e^v.iiS fi- nally raifcd, on advice being re-eiv-rl uui. the preliminaries of peace were figned. But the fiege inay be properly confidered as terminated on the 13th of September 1782, on the failure of the grand attack, then m.idc by the Spaniard,, whofe dread- ful floating batteries were all deftroyed by the red-hot fliot of the gartifon. This fiege well deferved a difiindl hiftory ; and an excellent one h:/ been written of it by capr. Drinkwater. The governor, gene- ral Eliatt, whofc defence was' the adrhira- t ion of all Europe, was created, in 1787, a peer of Great Britain, by the title of baron Heathfield of Gibraltar ; an annviity of i20ol. a year was fettled on himfcff and two lives ; and in his arms he was allowed to bcai thofe of Gibraltar. On the fummit of.? e rock is a pbin, whence there is a fine profpeft of the fea on each fide the ftrait, cf Barbary, Fez, and Mo- rocco, befide Seville and Granada in Spain. The garrilun here are cnoped up in a very narrow compafs, and have no provi- fions but what are brought from Barbary and England. The ftrait of Gibraltar js 14 miles in length, and i^ in breadth, and a ftrong current always runs throiijrh it from the ocean to the Mediterranean. Gibraltar is 25 mile. N. of Ceuta, and 45 5. E. of Cadiz. Lon. 5. 17. W. lat, 36. 6. N. GiEN, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Loiret and late province ot Or- leanois, feated on the river Loiv:, 76 miles S. E. o'^Paris, Lon. 2.43. E. la;. (.7. 34. N, GiENZOU, a town of Barb" y, in the kingdom of Tripoli, from the chief city of '.vhich it IS 10 miics, GiERACF, an epifcopal town of the kingdom of Naples, feated on a mountain, ! ar the fe.i, 32 miles N. E. of Rcggio. Lon. 16. 40. E. lat. 38. 1 3. N, GiEssEN, a town of Germany, in the landgravate of HefTe-Calfel, with a ftrong caflle and a univerfity. It belongs to the houfe of Darmftadt, and is feated on the river Lohn, 16 miles W. S. W. of Mar- purg. Lon. 8. 41. E. lat. :;o. 30. N. '• GiGA, a fmall ifland on the W. co'i<\ of Scotland, lying between the ifle of Skye and the pcninfula of Cantyre, in Argylclhite, in which '-ounty it is in- cluded. The inhabitants annii.Mly export a confiderable quantitv of grain. GiGi.io, a linall ifland of Italy, on the coaft of TuCcany, with a caftle. It makes part of the ftate of Sienna, and Is 15 miles W. of P.jrto Hcrculc, Lon. 11. 16. E. lat. 42. 1. N. ' . GlLOtO, Bo fide \vi 4 = E. ( de, of pai thi I G lenccd, to t'lie beg'-^ninff wlicn the fi.'y.c v.i« fi.' Idvicc bping re-civrd mat of peace wtre figncc). Iv be properly confidcrcd the 1 jth of September lire of the grand attack Spaniard,, whofe drcad- Ics were all dcftroyed by of the garrifon. Tins |cd a diHinft hiftory ; and hr ■ b(.en written of it by ;r. The governor, gene- defence was' the adttiira- »e, was created, in 1787, Britain, by the title of of Gil)raltar ; an annuity ir was fettled on himfcff and in his arms he was thofe of Gibraltar. On c rock is a pbin, whence irofpeft of the fea on each .f Barbary, Fez, and Mo- " ; and Granada in Spain, tere are cnoped up in a mpafs, and have no provi- ire brought from Barbary Tlie ftrait of Gibraltar is h, and 15 in bread' h, and It always runs throiij^h it n to the Mediterranean, mile. N. of Ceuta, and 45 Lon. 5. »7. W. lat, 36. n of France, in the deparr- and late province of Or- m the river Loiv; , 76 miles Lon. 2.43. E. la;, .j.7. 34. N. i town of Barb" y, in the ipoli, from the chiet" city of iiiics, an epifcopal town of the pies, feated on a mountain, 2 miles N. E. of Reggio. . lilt. 38. 13. N. town of Germany, in the Heire-Caffel, with a ftrongr iverfity. It belongs to t!ic ftadt, and is feated on the miles W. S. W. of Mar- , 41. E. lat. 50. 30. N. fmall ifland on the V/. nd, lying between the iile the pcninfula of Cantyre, , in which '-ounty it is in- inhabitants annii.Mly export luantitv of grain. Imall ifland Of Italy, on the y, with Acaftle. It makes e of Sitnni, and is 15 miles Hcrcolc. Lon. 11. 16. E. ■ - . GlLOLO, & G I R GiLOl.O, :x large ifland of Ada, with a town of the fame name, in the Archipe- lago of the Moluccas. The I'liilippine I Hands lie on the N. the ocean on the E. Seram, Amhoyna. and Banda, on the S. and the Moluccas and Celebes, on the VV, It does not produce any line fpiccs, though it lies near the Spice Iflands j but it has a great deal of rice. The inhabitaivts are fierce and cruel. It i; feated under the line. Lon. 130. o. E. GiNGbhf, a free imperial town of Ger- many, in Suibia, i6 miles N. of Ulm. Lon. 10. 13. E. lat. 4S. 39. N. GiKBEK, a town of Afia, in the peninfula of Uindooftan, and on the coaft of Coromandel. It is a large town, well peopled, and ftrong both by art and na- ture, being feated on a mouiuaiii, whofe top i^i divided into three points, on each of which ir, a caJllc. The Great Mogul, m 1690, b:gan a ficge, which continued three years, to no purpofc. It is 33 miles W, of Poifdicherry. Lon. 79. 15. E. lat. 11. 42. N. GioDDA, or GkdI/AH, a fcaport on the E. coaft of the Red Sea, in Arabia. It is the port of Mecca, and carries on a great trade. Lon. 39. 27. E. lat. 21. 30. N. Grov.^N Azzo, a town of the kingdom of Naples, feated on a mountain, near the lea, 10 miles N. W. of Bari. Lon. 16. 50. E. lat. 41. 26. N. GiREST, a large town of Perfia, in Kerman. It* trade confills in wheat and dates. Lon. 57. 55. E. lat. 17. 30. N. * GiRON'OE, a department of France, which includes part of the late province of Guienne. It lies on both fides of the Ga- ronne, and has its name from, the part of that river, which, below its junflion with the Dordogne, is called the Girondc. Bourdeaux is the capital. GiRONNA, an ancient, ftrong, and con- fiderable town of Spain, in Catnlonia, with a bifiinp's fee. It is feared on a hill, on the fide of the river Onhal, which falls into the Ter, n mil;s from the i'ea, and 45 miles N. E. of Barcelona. Lon. 2. 52. li. lat. 42. o. N. GtRCN, St. a t iwn of France, in the dej)artmcnt of Arnege and late province of Couferans, feated on the river Sarar, three miles S. of St. Lifier. Several fairs are kept here for cattle and mules. Ion. I. 16. E. lat. 42. 53 N. * GiRVAN, a village of Ayrfhire in Scotland, at the mouth of the river of the fame n.-me, almoft oppolite the rock of Ailfa. Here are fome .mauufad'tories ; particularly in the tanning of leather, and the making of (hous and boots, Jt is 16 miles 5, by W. of Ayr, G L A ^ GiSBonx, a town in the W. rdin^ of Yurklhirv, with 1 nnrket on Mondav, Ii is Co miles W. of York, and 219 N. N, W. of London. Lon. j. 22. W. U. 53. V?. N. GisiiORoucH, a town in the N, rid« Hi; ut Yorkibirc, with a market on Mon- day. Jt is four miies from the mouth of the Tees ; and is noted for being the lirlt place where alum was made, as it was fur- mcriy tor its abbey. !' '« u miles N, W. by \V. of Whuby, and 155 N. by \V. of London. Lor.o. !;-;.\\Mat. ^4-3vN. GisoRS, a town o( France, in the de- partment of Kuie and late province of Normandv. It belonged to the famous marllial Bellcifle, whofe only fon, the count de Gifors, being killed at the battle ofCrevcldt, in 175S, the marihal, at his own death, in 1761, preftnted it to Lewis XV. It is feated on the river Ept, 28 miles S. E. of Rouen. Lon. 1. 43. E. Ut. 49. 15. N. GivET, a handfomr; tcwn in the bi- ftiopric of Liege, divided m two by the river Maele. It wasfoi'tiried by Vauban, and is 21 m'ies S. W. of Namur. Lon. 4. 34. E. lat. 50. 13. N. GiviF.A, a town oi- Italy, in the Mila- nefe, feated on ?. lake of the fame nam.e, eight miles from Anghicra. GiuLA, a ftrong town of Upper Hun- gary, on the frontiers of Tranfylvania. It was taken by the Turks in I566, and retaken by the Impcrialifts in 1695. It is Ivat'jd •m the rii'cr Kcreft)lan, 30 iriles N. VV. of Arad. Lou. 20. 40. E. lat. 40. 40. N. Gifi.A Nl'ova, a town of the king- don of Naples, iLited on the gulf of Vc- nici\ GiuLiANA, a to\\ (1 of Sicily, on a crugny rock, between Palermo and Xacca, 30 lilies from the former, and 12 from tlie lattfr. (jiusTAVDEL, a large and ftrong town of Turkey in Europci in Macedonia, with a Greek archbiliioji s fee. It is feat- ed near the Lake Oclirida, 60 miles S. E. of Dura/. zo, Lon. 20, 36. E. lat. 41, 40. N. * Gi.ACiEKs, a name given to fome very entenfive fields of ice among the Alps. " If any perlnn," fays Mr. Coxe, " could be conveyed to '"uch an elevation as to embrace a; one vrw the Alps of SwilTcrland, Savoy, and Daaphiny, he would beinld a vaft chain ot mountains, interfered ny numerous vallies, an.i com- pofed of many parallel chains, the tiigheft occujjying the centi'.', a^id the others gra-' dually diminilhiig in proportion to their iliftance from (ivx centre. The moft elu- .R i vutedj. I G L A varecl, or ccnrrai chain, wouW appear brifiled with p'inied rocks, and covered, even in fimmier, with ice o\v, in ail parts thai arc not abioluttly perpen- diciilsr. On i:ach fiiie of this clinin he \v(juid difcovcr deep valiius clotl ed with vi-rdure, peopjtd with numerdus villa- pen, and weltered by many riverr,. In coivfidciirig thele o'ojcfts vith i;rc;iter at-- fcntion, he would n-imark, thai rho central chain is compofed of tlfivatcd peaks and divergi.ii; ri'l/jcs, whofe 'Aimniiis are over fpread witiii'now; that the declivities of the peak.- ^iiii ri'Jgcs, excepting i hole parts »h?t are extremely fteep, are covered with fnf v/ and ice ; and th;it the intermcdiatfi depths and fpritts hctweeri them are fil'-d with itnnitDfe fields of ice, lerrrinar- sng in th >1V. cu!tivhenomcna, only in a lefTer degree. Ar greater diftancts no ice tvould I e (:bfer\xd, and fcarcc'y any fnov/, Alt tipo.i I'orne of ilic ttjnft elevated fiun- rnits ; ai -^ th*; miuuuafns diiuiniOiin;^ in heigiit a'nl ruggcdnefs, would appear to- ■vcred with herbage, and i;radi!.illy fink into hills and plains. In this general :ur- vev, the Glaciers may be divided into two f-Tts ; the tirft occupying the deep vailies fu.uttd in the bof; m 'f tr.e Alps, and teiined by tne ratives Vailfy of Ice, but ■which 1 fhall diftingiiiih by the n:i:ne of Lower Glaciers ; the feccnd, which clothe the fi !! niits and 'ides of the moun.ains. I Ihall call Upper Glaciers, i. The Tower Glacieri are iiv f-sr ;he moft ci)nrul>-rable in extent and depth, Some ftretch feveral leagues in length : that of det> Bcis, in par- ticular, is mrie tlmr; ritteen milts long, and above three i.i us greatefl breadth. The TLower Gl eiers do not, as is genera. ly iniagined, t- ainnnicate \vith each ot'nr; and bur few of them are parallel to the ctiitrol chain : they mni'tly ftretch in a tranfvcrre direftion, are bordered at the h'gher cyt'.-emity by inaccrHihic rock>, ar.d on the other extend into the cul'ivaied vai'''-''- rhe t'liickaefs of thf Ice varies iri uJifFerent parts. M. de SaulTii c fnund its general o.'i'th in the wlatier de^ B^is from liglity t'^ a ^andretj" feet ; bir queftions juc; I'l'" .riiiynnation r.f thoCe who affert, that, '.:: foiiuc pIsces, its tl.'Ct-.ners exceeds even fix liundt ri feet. Theic immenfe fields of ice u'ually reft on an inclined plain. Bei'^g p.iihed forward by the pref- jure • "^ tl eir own weight and but wtakly fuppnrted by the rugged recks btneath, they •re inv;^•■'e6^ed by large iranlVci'V chal'nis; and prtfe'it .he app^'araiice oi walls, p ra- roido, and other faiuaftic fliapci, obferrcd G L A at all heiglits and in all fnaationsi, where- ever the declivity exceeds thirty or forty degrees. Bu' in iht'fe parts, where the plain on w'hith they relt is horii;ontDl, or only gently inclinei!, rhe futfact rjf the ice is nearly uniform j rhe chafms are but few and narrow, and ths traveller cr.iftes on foot, without much difficulty. The fur- face of the ice is not lo flippery a. that of fro-,ien ponds or rivers : it is rough and granulated, and is only dar.t'crous to the paft'enjjer in ftcep defjents. It is i»ot tranlparent, is extremely porous and full o'l- finall bubbles, ivhich feidom exceed the fuc of a pea, and cr^nfer.jueuilv is not lb corapaft as comm,.>n ice : its ptrtsil refem- blauee to the congelation of i'now impreg- nated with w?ter, in its opacity, rough- ncf}, and in the number ami fmallncfs of the air-bubblef, led M. de SaulTure to conceive thfi follo'v'ing fiiviple and natural tl.eory on the formation of tiie Glaciers. A'l iuimctife quantity of fnow is continually accumulating in the elev^rtrd valiies '.vhich arc inclofed v. irhin tlie Alps, a.s well from that which falls from the clouds t. tiring nine months in the year, m from the mal- (es which are incelfantly rolling from the Keep tides of the circumidcent mountains, I'arr. of this fnow, wh'ch is not dilTolved curing fummer, imp^'egnated with rain and fnovz-water, is reozen during winter, and forms that opaque and portus ice of wliii li the Lower Glaciers are comptifed. 2. The Upper Glacierfc may be fubdivided into thofe which cov«r the fummits, and thofc which extend along the fides of the Alps. Thoi'e wliich cover the fummtts of the Alps, owe their origin to the Inow that falls at all feaforis of the year, and which remains nearly in its original ftate, being cong. aled into a hard fi^bftance, and rot converted into ice. Fr>r although, according to the opinion of fome philoib- phers, the fummit of Mont Blanc, and of other elevated mountains, is, from, the gliftening of the furface, fuppofed to be covered with pure ice ; yet it appears, both from theory and experience, that it IS not ice but fnow. For, in ('• elevated and cold a region, thrie cannot be nit Ited a quantity of fnow fufficient to impreg- nate with water the whole mafs, which remains undiflblved. Experience alfo juf- tifies this reaConing. M. de SaulTure found the top of Mont Blanc only en- ci ufted with ice, which, though of a firm r nfiCuncc, was yet penetrable with a fti^k ; and on the declivities of the flimntit he dil'covered, beneath the furface, a foft fnow withrut coherence. The f'ubftance which clothes the fides of the Alps is neither pure fnow like that of tlie ium- mitj G L A G L A G ITAT iml in nl! firintion'^ where. ivity txctcds tliirty or forty r in s not )() (IippiTv a, thi'.t of or livers : it is' rough and ru! is only dariircrous to the ilrcp delcftiitb. Jt is not If' fvtrtrncly porous and full iilcs, v'hich If Idom exceed th? ant! confcfjuemiv is not fo imm./iricc : its ptrt,-j(!:l refem- cotigclation cf inow impreg- w?rcr, in its opacity, roiij'h- ttie nuiiibiT iiinl fmallncf/of ■I'-f, led M. de Saulfure to follo'.v.Tig fiiviple and natural ic formatiun of tne Glacins. quanrity nf fnow is continually ', in the f Icv^itcid vajiies -.vhich V. irhin the Alps, a.s well frora fails from the clouds (,i;rin,i> in the year, as from the mal- e iiicefrantly roiling from the >f the circnmibcrnt mountains, inow, wivch is not difTolved nitr, imp'-egnated with rain at(.r, is frozen during winter, hat opaque and porous ice of ^ower Glaciers arc cnnpoftd, )cr Glaciers may be fuhdivided vhich cover the fummirs, and extend along the fides of tlie )le wliich cover the fumm.ts , owe their origin to the Ihow : all feafons of the year, and ins nearly in its original ftate, aied into a hard fqbftance, and ed into ice. For although, the opinion of fome philolb- ummit of Mont Blanc, and of ted mountains, is, from the f the furfacc, fuppofed to be pure ice ; yet it appears, ■ . , , .. ..,.,..,..„, Iieory and experience, that it It fnowr. For, in f., elevated :gion, '.hMe cannot be nu Ited J fnow fufficient to impreg- ;atcr the whole mafs, which ifTolved. Experience alfo juf- reaConing. M, de SaulTurc op of Mont Blanc only en- ice, which, though of a firm was yet penetrable with h 1 the declivities of the fummit I, beneath the Airface, a foft It coherence. The fubftance ;s the fides of the Alps is fnow like that of tlie fum- mit$ miw, por ice which forms the Lower Gla- ciers, but i» an alTemblage of both. It contains lefs fnow thin the fummits, he- caufc the fummer heat has more power to diflolve it, and becaufe the licjuefied fnow defcending from above, the mafs ii penetrated with a larger quantity of water. It C'lntain* more fnow than the Lower Glaciers, becaufe the diffblution of the fnow is comparatively Icffer- Hence the ice is even more porous, opaauc, anti lei's compaft than the ice of the Lower Gla- ciers ; and is of fo doubtful a texture as renders it, in many parts, difficult to de- cide, whether it may be called ice or fro- zen fnow. In a word, there is a regular gradation from the fnow on the fummits to the ice of the Lower Glaciers, formed by the intermediate mixture of fnow and ice, which becomes more compaft and Ids porous in proportion as it approaches the Lower Glaciers, until it unites and afli- milates with ihem. And it is evident, that the greater or leflcr degree of denfity is derived from the greater or lelTer cjuan- ttty of water, with which the mafs is im- pregnated." Concerning thefe Glaciers a queftion has rifen among philafophers ; namely, Whether they are in a Itate of increafe sr diminution ? Referring to Mr. Coxe for a copious difculfion of this fub- jeft, wc (hall only obferve here, that he Icems to adopt the opinion of an occa- fional increafe and diminution of the Gla- liers ; contrary to that of feme philofo- phers, who maintaiE, that they continue alwjys the fame, and of others, whoaflert, that they are contifiually incrcafing. Gl.AMORGANSHIKK, a coimty of S. Wales, bounded on the N. by Carmar- thcnihirc and Brecknockfljire, on the E. by Monmouthftiirc, and on the S. and W. by the Briftol Channel. It extends from E. to W. 48 miles, and only z6 from N. to S- It lies in the dioicfe of Landaflf; is di- vided into 10 hundreds; contains one city, eight market -towns, aud 118 pariflics ; and fcndj one member to parhament for the county, anl one for the town of Car- diff. On the N. fide of this county, where it is mountainous, the long continuance of the fnow renders the air Iharp ; but the country being more level on the S. fide, it i« there tnilder, more populous, and bears very large crops of corn, with very fweet grafs ; whence it is called the Garden of Wales. Cattle aoound in all parts, there bciiig fruitful vallies among the moun- tains, that yield very good pafture. Its other commodities are lead, coal, iron, and imeftons. Its principal rivers are the Rumney, which feparates it from Mon- mouthftiirc i the Taafe, Elwy, Neath, and Tawy. Cardiff is the principal tovn, and Swanfty the moft comincici.il ; but the affues for the county are held at Cow- bridge. Sec Gowk 11. * Glammis, a villigc of Sonland, in the S. W. part of Anguslhirt ; near which is Glaiiiinis cafile, the anci-.iit feat of the earl of Strathtriore, furmundcd liy extenfivc woods. In this calUc i, (liown the apartment, in which Malcolm II. was affalfin.ued in 103-i. Gr.ANDFOKD-BiiiDnE, a town of Liiicolnlhire, with a i;ood market on Thurfday. It is feared on the river An- cair., Z4 miles N. of Lincoln and 1^6 N, by W. of London. Lon. o. 23. W. kt. 53. 35. N. Gi.AKi.'S, one of the 13 cantons in SwifTtrland, bounded on the E. by the Grifons ; on the South by the firnc, the canton of Uri, and that of Schweitz j and on the N, by the river Linth. It is a mountainous country ; and their chief trade is in cattle, chcefe, and butter. The government is democratic ; ^-vcrv pe'rfon of the age of fixtccn has a vote in the Landfgenieind, or General Affembiy, which is held annually in an oncn plain. This affembiy ratifies new laws, lays con- tributions, enters into alliances, declares war, and makes peace. The Landam- man is the chief of the republic ; and i;; alternately chofen from among the Pro- teftants and the Catholics ; with this dif- ference, that the former remains three years in office, the latter only two. Both fefts live together m tlw greateft hdr- mony : in fcvera! parts, they fucccffivcly perform divine fcrvice in the fame churcii ( and all the offices of ftate arc amicably ad. miniftered by both. The executive power is in a council of regency, compol'ed of 48 Proteftants and 1$ Catholics ; each I'cEt has its particular cou't of juftice ; and it is ncceffary, in all lawfuits between per- fons of different religions, that the pcrfon haviiig the cafting voice among the five or nine judges, who arc to determine ih« caufe, Ihould be of the fame religion as the defendant. During tl-.c prel'cnt and pre- ceding, century the Proteftanrs have con- fiderably increafed in number; an-1 theif induftry, in every branch of commerce, is greatly fupcrior ; " an evident proof," fays Mr. Coje, " how much the tenets of the 'Romnn Catholic church feitcr the ge- nius, and dcprcfs the powers of exertion." Glarus is entirely furrounded by the Alps, except toward the N. and there is no otiic% entrance but through this opening, which" lies jbetween the lake of Walleniiadt and the mountains feparating this canton from that of Schweitz. K 4 Gla- .,Sft»;. G L A Gi.ARi's, a large and handfome town cf SwifftrlanH, capital of the canton of the famt name. It is frattd on the river Linth, 1! miles S. E. of Zurich. Lon. 9. 1. E. hr. 46. 56. N. Gt.Asr.ow, a city of Scotland, in tlie coiinty of Lancrk, which, from its extent, and from the beauty and rci^ularify of its br.ildiiigs, may be jullly efti;i:;:icd the fc- con,ve)-e manufaftured in Glafgow and its viciiiitv, to the annual aiiKiUnt of 2,ooo,oooi. ft'erjing. A pot- tery is likcwife cai tied on her,-, th'.t emu- lates in bcautv and elegance th> ^tafford- ftirc ware. The pniuing types cgfl here, hive been long diltinguithed foi their ncatnefs an4 ri'gularity ; and the ^hfs iTianufa>'V)ry has been very l'iiccelsf,ij. "The inhab'tints of Glafgow, and its fub- urbs, ^trc competed to be abuut 6o,ooq. G L E It has the advantage of two canals, be- fide thf Great Can;>.i that joins the Clyde to the Forth ; and is la miles S. W. of Dumbarton, and jj-W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 1. W. lat. 51;. 51. N. * Gi, Asoow, PoKT, a town on the S. fide of the Clyde, creded, in 1710, in order to ferve as the feaport of the city of Glafgow, whofc magiftrates apjmini a bailiff for the government of it. It has an excellent harbour, with a noble pier; but ftill mort of the (liips that trade to the W. Indies, fail from Greenock, and re- turn to that port. The herring hfherics in the friih of Clyde f irm a confiderablc part of its trade. Indeed, the excellence of a Glafgow herring has long J?een pro- verbial. This port is fituatcd 2 1 miles W. by N. of Glafgow. Gi.ASTONBURV, a town of Somerfet- fliire, with a market on Tucfdsy. It is feated near a high hill, called the Tor, and is noted for a famous abbey, fome magnificent ruins of which are IHII re- mai.iing ; but they have been much di- miniihed for the fake of the ftones : how- ever, the curioun flrufturc, called the ab- bot's kitchen, is entire, and is of a very unufual contrivance. The only manufac- ture here is (lockings ; but the chief fup- port of the place is the refort of people to fee the ruins of the abbey. The George Inn was formerly called the Abbot's Inn ; bctaufe it was a receptacle for the pilgrims that came to the abbev. It was pretend- ed' that the bodies of Jofeph of Arima- thea, of king Arthur, and of king Edward the Confelfor, were buried here. The laft ai)bot of this place was hanged on the top of the Tor, by order of king Henry VIII. for not acknowledging his fuprcr inacy. This place is at prefent pretty i large and well-built, containing twoparilhV churches. Nearly adjoining, on a high fteep hill, is placed a tower, which con- mands an cxtcnfive profpcft, and ferves as a landmaik to ftamen. It is fix miles S. W. of Wells, and 129 W. by S. of Lon- don. Lon. 2. 40. VV. lat. 51. 8. N. Gi.AT/.,a haudfome well- fortified town of Bohemia, capital of a county of the fnmc name. It is felted on the river Neiffe, and has a ftrong caftle built lapon a moun- tain. This county was ceded to the kin;; of Pruffia, by the queen of Hungary, in 1742, and is about 45 miles in length, and 21; in b.'eadth. It has mines of coal, filvcr, and iron, good quarries, plenty of cattle, and fine fprings of mineral wateis. The town is 41; miles from Brella.v, and 81 E. by N. of Prague. Lon- '6. 5c. E, lat. nc. 2;. N. *Glencoe, THE V.^LE OF, in Scot- land, lU IG L E Uta^c of two canals, be- -an».i that joins the Clyde Ind is Id miles S. W. of 3J-W. of Edinburgh. lat. 51;. 52, N. Port, a town on the llydc, ercdcd, in 17 10, in tlie feaport of the city of Ic magiftratcs apimini a ;ovcrnmciit of it. It has hour, with a noble pier; the fliips that trade to the from Greenock, and rc- 't. The herring (ifhcries Clyde f jrm a confiderable e. Indeed, the excellence icrring has long jjcen pro- port h ntuated ji miles rafgow. JRY, a town of Somcrfet- nrket on Tncfdsy. It is high hill,- called the Tor, for a famoiij abbey, fofne ins of which are IHII rc- rhcy have been much di- le fake of the ftones : hcw- ftnifturc, called the ab- is entire, and is of a very ■an;:e. The only manufac- ckings ; but the chief fup- lace is the refort of people . of the abbey. The George rly called the Abbot's Jnn ; a receptacle for the pilgrims he abbey. Jt was pretend- lodies of Jofeph of Arima- Arthur, and of king Edward , were buried here. The bis place was hanged on the jr, by order of king Henry t acknowledging hit iuprcr place IS at prefcnt pretty < -built, containing twopariihV learly adjoining, on a high placed a tower, which con- nfive profpeft, and fervcs as feamen. It is fix miics S. and 129 W. by S. of Lon- 40. VV. lat. 51. 8. N. laudfome well- fortified town pital of a county of the fmic felted on the river NeiflTe, ig caftle built upon a moun- lunty was ceded to the king the queen of Hungary, in bout 45 miles in length, and h. It has mines of coal, Ml, good quarries, plenty of e fprings of niin!.ral '.vaie\s. 4^ miles from Brellaw, and f Prague. Lon. 16. 50. E, >E, THE Vale of, in Scot- land G L O pnd, near the head of Loch Etivc, in Argylelliire, noted for the cruel niaffatre of Its unlulpefting inhabitants in 1691. King William had pubiifhcd a proclama- tion, inviting the Highlanders, who liad iiccii in arms for king James II. to ac- cept a general amnefty before tbp ift of January, en pain of military cxecuiion af- ter ;hat period. Alexander Macdonald, laird of Glencoe, wear accurdinglv ti Fort William, "II the very laft day of Decem- ber, and offered to furrcnder to the go- vernor, who infiM-med iiim, that he muft apply to a civil magiftrate. Upon which he repaired, with all polfible expedition, to Invcrary, the county town, and fur- rendered to the ftitriff, the time prefcribcd by the proclamation being then expired one day. The (hcritf, .ho icver, in cnn- fideration of his having offered itj furren- der to the governor of Fort William be- fore the time had expired, accepted his fubmiHion ; and Macdonald, having taken the oaths, returned to Glencoe, in full confidence of fccuritv and protc6tion. Notwithftanding which, on the 13th of February following, this dreadful cata- ftrophe took place. According to Smol- let (Continuation, vol. i. p. 156) the earl of Breadalbane, from motives of perfonal enmity to Macdonald, had concealed the circumftance of his furrender from the mi- iiittry ; and, an order for the military execution, figned by king William, was tranfmitted to the fecrctary of ftate fur 6c()tland, and but too fatally obeyed. •-■• Glencroy, the Vale of, a wild and romantic fituation, near the N. E. ex- tremity of Loch Loung, in Argylefliire. The two ranges of mountains, which over- liarg this valley, approach each other, and between thefe the traveller is imiTiurcd. Their ftiipcndous height, and the roaring of numerous cataratts, that pour OTer their broken furfacc, produce an cffedt awfully fublime. * (jlenshee, Spital of, a noted pafs into the Grampinn mountains in Scotland, a little to the S. of the point wliere the counties of Perth, Angus, and Aberdeen meet. In 171S, a fmall bndy of Highlanders, with 300 Spaniards, took, poffeifion of this pafs : but, at the ap- proach of the king's forces, they retired to the pal's at Strachtll. Tliey were cbiyen from one eminence to another till night, when the Highlanders dUperfed ; and, the next day, the Spaniards I'urrcn- dertd themftlvcs prifoncrs of war. Gloucester, a city of Gloucefter- Ihire, with two markets, on Wcdnefday and Saturday. It is fcatcd on the E. lide pf the Severn, where, by two flreams, it G L O nutkes the ifle of Alncy. It is a large attd well-inhabited place i ha; been lately much improved ; and its four principal lircet* arc admired* for the regularity of their jun6>ion in the centre of the town. It contains 11 churches, of which fix only- are in ule, befide the cathedral of St. Peter, which is a handfome ftru6ture, re- markable for its large cIoiQcr, and whil- pcring gallery. Gh ucclter is a city and county of itl'elf, and governed by a mayor, 12 . aldermen, and 26 common council, a towndcrk, and fword bearer : the mayor is recorder of the city. It cintians five hofpitals, two freefclinols, and a ncv countT gaol, and was fortified wth a wall, which kingCharlesII. afterthe rcftoration, order- ed to be demolilhed. It fends two mem- bers to parli.inient. The eminent perlont buried here were, Riberr duke of Nor- mandy, eldeft (on of William the Con- queror, and the unfortunate Edward II. Great quantities of pins are made here. It is 24 miles N. E. by N. of Brifto!. and io( W. by N. of London. Lon. 2. lO. W. lat. 51. 50. N. Gloucestershire, a county of England ; bounded oil the W. by Hcre- fordfhire and Monmoutlifliire ; on the N. by Worcefler/hlre ; on tl-.o E. by War- wickfliire and Oxfordfliire, and on the S. by Wiltfliire and Somerretlhire ; It ex- tends from N. E. to S. W. more than 6« miles, but is not more than 26 in breadth. It contains 13 hundreds, one city, 27 mar- kct-towns, and 218 parifhcs, and fends eight members to parliament. The foil and appearance of this county vary in dill'ereni parts ; but the air is healihy throughout ; (harp in the E. or hilly part, which con- tains the Cotefwold Hills ; but as mild in the rich vale of Severn, which occupits the centre. The W. part, wliich is by much the finalleft dilfrift, is cntirelv varied by hill and dale, and is chiefly occupied by the foreli of Dean. Tlie Itaple commodiiiet of the county are its woollen clnth and cheele. Its principal -ivers arc the Se- vern, the Warwicklhire Avon, the Lower Avon, the Wye, Thames, Coin, and Lech. See Coteswoi.d ; Dkan, Fo» KEsr OF; Evesham, Vale of; and Severn, Vale of. GLO(JAW,a town of Silefia, capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is not very large, but is wcllfcrtitied on the fide of Poland. Ir has a caftle, with a touer, in which feveral counlellors were condemned by duke John, in 1498, to periiii with hunger. Befide the Papi«s, there is a great number of Protefiants and Jewv. It was taken by affault, by the king of Pruf- iia, ui 1741, After the peace, iu 1742, that i tta: GOD that kinp htiled the fnjjrcmc com' nf jiifticf licrc. It being, next to Breimv, the molt pnpulous pidcc in Silefia. It is icatcd on the river Oder, 50 milfin N. W. of Bredaw. am! i n N. by E. of I'arguc. Lon. 16. J I. E. lilt. 51. 40. N. Gi.O(!AW, LiTTt.E, a town of Silcfin, in the duchy of Optlcn, fubjcdt to the kin;; of PruHia. It is two miles S. E. of Great Glogaw, and 45 N. W, of llreiUw. Lon. 16. "iv E. lit. 51. 38. N. "• Glomme, tlvc longed river of the province of Aggcrhuys, fh S. Norway, whicit flows into the North Sea at Ficdc- ricftadt. It rcci ncs the river Wormt, which ilTues from Lake Miofs. It is not navi(';able in any part of its courfc from this lake to FredcncftaJt, its dream beiiij; intercepted by fuch frtqucnt cataraAs and flioals, as, in fome places, to render it ne- cclTary to drag the trees, which a floated down, ov«r the ground. At lead ;o,ooo trees are annually floated by this river tu Fredericdadt. Gi.ucKsTADT, II confiderablc town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, m.A duchy of Holdein, widi a ftrong cidic, fiil)je£l to Dcnniai k. It is fcated on the Elbe, near its mouth, 30 miles N. VV. of Hamburg, and 55 N. of Bremen. Lon. 9. 15. E. lat. 53. C3. N. Gnfsva, a larjje and dront; town of Great I'oUnd, of which it is the capit;U, with an archbidiop's fee, whole prelate is primate of Poland, and viceroy during tlic v.ica'nry if the tluonc. It was tho drd town bu.lt in the kingdom, and formerly inorc confukrable than at preftnt. It ii 90 miles N. by E. of Bi-elkw, and 1 2 5 VV. of Warfaw. Lon. 17.40. E.lat. -.z. sS.N. Go ^. a confulcrable city of the penin- fula of Hiudoollaii, on the coaft of Mala- bar ; the c:urcs or prn.luftions, thtir L-inp; in arrack, wlncii they : lap of the cocoa nut-tree, is dt-fcndcd by I'cvtral forti Cioa is 291 miles S. by E,of on. -/i. 45. R. lat. i:;. 18, N. , a town of Germany, in the S miles S, R. of Philiplbur^, K. lat, 4q. 6. N, S r. See Fkhe, town of Germany, in the vcs, icati.d on the river Ncers, )f Cleves. Lon, 5, 51. E. lat. D, a town of tlic ifland of Sar- on the river Thurfo, zi; miles r. It hss a taftle, and is the ; county of the fame name, xsn, a to-.vn of Surry, with n Saturday. It is fcatcd on \'cy, where it divides into ms. It i„ four miles S, W. a.il j; S. W. of LondoH. W. ht, 51. 13. N. .yiiUY, or GoNDA Go- river of tht Dcccan of Hin- ich has its fburce about 9a N, K. of Bombay ; and, in )art of its courfe at leaft, js acred river by the Hindoos ; tions p'.Tformed in its ftrtain ous efficacy, fuptrior to thofe n ordinary ftrcams. After- iflatabad and Golconda, from turns to the S. E. and receiv- Gonga, about go miles above des into two principal chan- imundry ; and thefe fubdi- , form all together feveral tide r velTcls of moderate burden, oringa, Yalam, Bandarma- Nariapour, are among the d at the mouth of this river, whick G O L ^^^ whli h «ppcar» to be riie nioft fcnfultrable one between the Gani{t« and Cjpe Co- niorin. Extrnfive forc'.K n[ letk timber border on its banks, within tbe m'aintiin , and fupply Hiip timi)er for the ufe <>• the alKivi men' iontd ports. The word Corfgn is the Indian name for a river, G(>l)MANi'iip''TKR, a town of IKin- tingdonfliire, |.'trted frc m lluntingd'i by the river Oufe. It was incorpo- rated by Ja-nes I. and is fcatnl in a rich and fertilt foil, which yields great plenty of corn. It is inhabited by a great num- ber of yi ' men and farmers, who are laid to h;ivr very cxtraordinarv teams of horlci. GoDoi.pni.v, B liili in Corn'> all, P^. of M, a territory of Hindooftan Propt r, in the province of Agra ; fubjeft to a rajah, who is tributary to the Poonah Mahrattas. Gwalior is the capital. * GoGRA, or SooRji w RtviR, a large river, which riles in the Lake Lankc Dhe, in Thibcr, in lat. 3?. 17. N. and forcing its way tin ough Mount Himma- leh, takes a S. E. direftion, :ind unites with the Ganges above Chuprah, in the province of Bahar. GoiTO, a to.vn of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, taken by the Germans in 1701, and by the prince of Hefft- in 1706. It is feated on the river Mincio, hftwetn the lake of Mantua and that of Garda, 1 1; miles N. W, of Manuia. Lon, 10. 40. E, iat. 4;. 16. N. Goi,coNDA, a country of the Deccan of Hindooftan, fituated between the lower parts of the rivers Kiftna ;ind Godavcry, and the principal part of Dowhtabad. It was formerly called Tellingana, or Til- ling, and is now fubjeft to the Nizam of the Deccan. It abounds in corn, rice, and cattle ; bitt it is mofi remarkable for its diamond ipines, the mod confiderable in the world. The black merchants buy parcels of ground to f arch for thefe pre- cious Ilunes in. They foaietimes fail in G o r trectin^ '• iik any. .ind in other* they find immenl'i, .v-hcii. They tmvt aifominen of fait, tine iron fur fwcrd-ol ides, and ciiriout ca'iroes and chintfes. llydrabaU is Uie lapitil. Oot.roNiiA, a celebMted fortrtfs in the country of the fame name, fituated aliMiit lix iMks \V N.W.of Hydiabad, Hid joir.i.d to that ritv by a v^all of coin- municati..iri.llii'n of by tre;ich-,,^vif^..',f G O N GOO Fifthcr Pomcrauia, fiibjcft to the kinp of PrufrM i fi'atet) on the river Una, M milci N. R. of Stctin. Loll. 14. 5<;. E. lat. ;j. * GoMBKooN, a corfuliTHble fcapori of PerfKi, in the provincr of FarfilKin. It il called Uy the natives DamLir Alialli, anrt it featcd 'in a bay, n miles N. of the K. cnJ of the ifland of Kifiiulli, and nine miles from the <"amoui idand of Orrtuu. The bed hoiifcs arc built of britk dried in the fun, and fl.ind tlofe to eaeh ntlier, being flat at the top, with af(|uarc turret, having hole^ on each fule for the fne pafTagc of the air. Upon ihefe ronf^, th'ft that ftay in the town (licp every nii;lit in the fiinimcr feafon. The romnion people have wretched huts, made witli thebonphi of palm-trces( and covered with leaves. The ftreets are narrow and irrcj^ular. The Kn^lifh and Dutch have factories here, wliich is a great advantaj;e to the trade of the place. The foil is barren, but proviftons brought from other countries arc very plentiful The weather is lo hit in June, July, and Auj;uH, that this place IS extremely unhealthy ; and therefore the Englifh faftory retire to AfTeen during thote months. It is freciucnted by people of fcveral nations, as well Europeans as others ; and the Banyan's are fo numerous, that they bribe the governor not to per- mit any cows to be killed in the town. Lon. j6. 3 5. E. lat. 17. 30. N. GoMKHA, one of the Canary iflands, lying between Fcrro and TeneritT. It hat one good town oftlicjame name, with an excellent harbour, where the Spanilh fleets often take in refrefhmcnts. They have corn and fruits fuflicient to fupport the inhabitants ; and one fiigar-work, with great plenty of wine and fruits. Lon. 17. 3. W. hit. 2S. 6. N. GoNDAK, the metropolis of Aby/Tinia, iituated on a hill of confiderable height, and containing about lo.roo families in time of peace. The houi'cs are chiefly of clay ; the roofs thatched in the form of conci, which is alwavs the conftruftion withir the tropical rains. They have no ihop% ; but carry on their trade in a large fquare, where they f-xpn the river Orncy, 20 miles S. of St. Michel. Lon. 5. 37. E. lat. 4S. 30, N. GoNDREViLj-K, a townof France, in the department of Meurihe and late pro- vince of Lorrain, feattd on the river Mo- felle. It hail formerly a f.iinons palace, and has now r caftle, and a magnificent hofpital, the chapel of wliicli, in pariictilar, is very fine. It Hands on the lop of a hill, tiglu miles from Nanci. Lon. 6. 9. E. lat. 4H. 40. N. GoN'EssE, a town of France, in the department of Seine and OiCe and late province of the I flc of France. It is re- markable for the goodnefs of its bread, which is brought twice a week to Paris. It was the birthplace of Philip Augullus, king of France ; and is featcd on the river Crould, 10 miles N. E. of I'aris. Lon. z. 30. E. lat. 43. 58. N. Go.MGA, an ancient town of Turkey in Europe, in Romania ; feated near the fea of Marmora, 37 miles N. E. of Gali- poli. Lon. 37. 31. E. lat. 40. 53. N. ' GoNjAH, a kingdom of Africa, lying between the coaft of Guinea on the S. and Tombuftou on the N. and fuppofed, by major Rennell, to be the Conche of M, d'AnvilU;, and the Gonge of M. de I'lfle. Gonjah, the capital, is computed to be 870 miles W. by S. of Calhna. Lon. 6. 10. W.lat. 13. 10. N. Good llof::, Capf of, the fouthcrn extremity of Africa, in ?i. 23. E. lon. and 34. 21). S. lat. difcovered by the Portu- gucfc in 1493. Here -. a neat well-built town, rifing in the mid \ of a dcfert, fur- rounded by black and o'eary mountains ; or, in other words, the | idlure of fucccfs- fiil induftry. The ftoiehoufes of the Dutch Eaft India comp, ny are fituated next the water, and the j -ivate buildings lie beyond them, on a gent » afcent. The principal fort, vvh|ch comnands ;hcroad, GOO Jile, and other rivers tliM rce in Abyliinia, d-trllow .ry year. The inhnbit.ints luly, and thtir complextnn : colour. Thi- habit of the Tiklc of f\lk» anil enttonj ; m people h.ivc only drawti$ ikidntfi. It is I So milts S. and ncjr looo S. of Grand 5 7. y. K. lar. li. .u- N- AMA, or (lONlH.Al'oMMA, e pininfLil.1 of Hindoollan, ar Conibtni, forma the no- y of the Caniiitic on thu N. ; bay of Bengal at Mcdi- ounT, a town of France, in It of. Mtufe and late duchy :d on the river Orncy, lO I. Michel. Lon. 5. 37. K. II.J.E, a townof Francp, iti It of Mcurthe and late pro- ain, fiattdon tlic river Mo- 1 formerly a famoui palace, r caftle, and a majjnificcnt ■haptl of which, in particular, Jt llandi on the lop of a hill, om Nanci. I, on. 6. 9. E. ht. a town of France, in the if Seine and Oil'e and late lie Iflc of France. It is re- ■ tlie goodnefs of its bread, Ljj;ht twice a week to Paris, rihplacc of Philip Aujiullus, ce i and is featcd on the river iiiles N. E. of Paris. Lon. s. j.58. N. an ancient town of Turkey n Romania ; feated near the era, 37 miles N. E. of Gali- 37. 31. E. lat. 40. 5?. N. H, a kinj;d.jm of Africa, lying coaft of Guinea on the S. and on the N. and fuppofed, by ;11, to be the Conche of M. nd the Gonge of M. de I'lde. capital, is computed to be 870 r S. of Calhna. Lon. 6, 10. 10. N. oit:, Capp of, the fouthern ' Africa, in ?i. 13. E. lon. and at. ditcovtred by the Portu- 93. Here :'' a neat well-built in the mid \ of a dcfcrt, fur- black and o-eary mountains ; words the \ ifture of fuccefs- y. The ftoiehoules of the India comp, ny are fituated Iter, and the j "ivate buildings hem.ona gent ■; alcent. The rt, which conm.anjs t;he road, u IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) !.0 Iffi- 11^ I.I ti& M 1.8 1.25 !.4 1.6 ^ 6 ' ► I Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WiBSTER.N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 'jt^iSifi -Vsil (/a \ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques —mmmmr" riS!l^^ l A')-^4.4tJa.-! i ^ i jj i i^a i ut^w i ULu. ^.L^,u > j. i ^jLt!_, ' ^i ;i i;i i w^ ' >; '-»y^r is on th called / the W. land. interfc^ The ho and V churchi bliflied therans little r other I hovvevi and ar houfe, work, except the E lacca. an hoi Dutch It is fi dens. body, conval garde I a pur fragra trees, plants the ui inhab they ftuut phteg raftei ladies and g the < whicl degr( habit covei bettc than vcrn keep Eng The riies callc high its i Moi Rur fcvc fcrc Thi ver; a'or nioi plar Til' G O O is on the E. ftdc ; and another ftrong fort, called Amfttrdam Fort, has btcn built on the W. fide, fince the laft war with bng- land The ftrcets are broad and regular, interfefting each other at risiht antrjcs. Thehoulcs, in general, arc buih of Hone, and white-wafhed. There are two churches ; one for the Calvinilh, the clla- blilhed religion ; the other for the Lu- therans. The religion of the flaves is ,as little regarded here as in the colonies ot other European ftatcs. In other refpcaf, however, they are treated with humanity, and are lodged and boarded in a fpacums houfe, where ihev arc likewife kept at work. Thefe ilavei, a few Hottentots excepted, were all originally brought from the E. Indies, and principally from Ma- lacca. Another great building ferves as an hofpital for the failors belonging to the Dutch Eaft India (hips which touch here. It is fituated clofe to the Company's gar- dens. It is an honour to that commercial body, and an ornament to the town. The convalefccnts have free accefs to thele gardens, where thev enjoy the bcneht of a pure wholefome air, perfumed by the fragrance of n great number of rich fruit trees, aromatic ihrubs, and odoriferous plants and flowers : they have likewife the ufe of every produftion in them. The inhabitants are fond of gardens, which they keep in excellent order. Though ftout and arl'.Ictic, they have not all that phlegm about them which is the cha- rafterilJic of the Dutch in general. The ladies are hvelv, good-natured, familiar, and gay. The'he.ivy draught- work about the Cape is chiefly performed by oxen, which are Itcre brought to an uncommon deijree of docility and ufefulnefs. The in- habitants, in general, travel in a kind of covered waggons, drawn by oxen, which better fuit the roughnefs of the country than more elegant vehicles ; but the go- vernor, and feme of the principal people, keep coaches, which are much in the Englifh ftyle, and art drawn by fix horfts. The ground behind the town gradually riics on all Tides towa'-d the mountains, called the Table Mountain, whicli is the higheft ; the Sugar-loaf, fo named from its form ; the Lion's Head, Charles Mount, and James TvTount, or the Lion's Rump. From thefe mnuntaiiis defccnd fcvcial rivulets which fall into the dif- ferent bays, as Table l^av, I'aHe Bay, kc. The view from the Tabic Mountain is very extenfivc and piftiirefque ; and nil alun;; the vallics and rivulets among theCc mountains, is a great number of delii:htful pKuvations. See Ho fi tNTU r^, CouN"- G R " * Goodwin Sakds, famous faiidf- banks off the coaft of Kent, lymg between the N. and S. Foreland ; and, as they nm parallel with the coaft for three league* together, at about two leagues and a half dillanr from it. they add tothe fecurity o£ that capacious road, the Downs ; for, while the land flieltcrs (liips with the wind from S. W. to N. W. only, thefe fands break all the force of the fea when the wind is at E. S. E. The moft dangerous wind, when blowing hard on the Downs, is the S. S. W. Thefe fands occupy the fpace that was formerly a large traft of low ground belonging to G'dwyn carl of Kent, father of king Harold ; and which being afterward given to the monaftery of St. Auguftin, at Canterbury, the abbot ncglefting to keep in repair the wall that defended it from the fea, the whole traft was drowned, according to Salmon, in the year iioo, leaving thefe fands, upoa which fo many Ihips have fincc beeit wrecked. '■ GoOMPTY, a river of Hindoo(la» Proper, which riles in the Rohilla Coun- try, and flowing S. E. by Lucknow and Ji'oiipour, falls into the Ganges, a little be- low Benares. •" GoOTY, or GuTTi, a ftrong for- trefs ill the peninfula of Hindooftan, for- merly the feat of governnment of Morari Row, a Mahratta prince. It is now fub- ie£t to Tippoo Suhan, regent of Myfore, "and lies beyond the river Pennar, 25 miles S. by E. of Adoni. Lon. 77' 35- ^- l*t- 15. li;. N. . Ti GoRCUM, a tnwnsof the United Pro- vinces, in S. Holland, which carries on a conliderable trade in cheeic and butter. It is feated on the rivers Linghe and Maefe, T2 miles E. of Dordrecht, and ji S. of Amfterdam. Lon. 4. ;i. E.lat. 51.51.N. Gordon CAsri.t. Sec Focha- bers. GoREE, a fmall idand of Africa, near Cape de Verd, fubjcdt to the French. It is bnrren, but of great importance on ac- count of its good trade. Lon. 17. 15. W. lat. 14. 40. N. Gorek, a capital town of the ifland of the fame nmtie, in ilulUnd, 8 miles S. S. VV. of Briel. Lon. 4. 10. K. lat. 51. 44- N. CiORK Island, an ifland in the N.Pa- . cine Ocean, u> named by captain Cook, who difcovered it in his lall voyage, it appears to be iiarrcn and uninhabi;ed. It lies ill about lon. i6g. W. lat. 64. N. (5(jRf;oN-A, a finull ifland of Italv, in the f:a of TuliranV, about eight miles in circumference, remarkable for the Urga quantitv of I'lichovies taken near :c. Lon. to. o. E. lat. 43. :j. V.'-idf> Gck- GOT 'wr™'-3iw-77f„T^ G O U Lon. 10. 51. E. lat. 51* W. of Erfort. O.N. * Goth A, a river of W. Gothlaml, in Sweden, wliich iffues out of lake Wen- ncr, and falls into the North Sea at Gothe- bore. GoTHARD, St. one of the higheft rhoiintains of Swifferland, being 907 s It is 4 boRGONA.an idandof the South Sea, 1 smiles W.of the coaft of Peru. It is high . land, very woodv, r.nd fome of the trees are tall, large, and proper for mails. It is 10 miles in circumference, and has fevcral rivulets of excellent water. There arc a great number of monkies, G;iinea-pigs, hons, lizards, and floths, remarkable for .— --.- -- - . . ■ . their utilinels and the- flownefs of their feet above the level of the fea, ihotionsT though by the fliapc they fecm miles from Altorf. to be of the monkey kind. Lon. 77. so- W. lat. 3. 10. S. GoRHAMBURY, in Hertfordnnre, Xicar St. Alban's, bc!o"ged to its abbey in 1161. when its abbot was Robert de Gorham, from whom it had its name. It rvas the paternal eftate of the great lord Bacon, and was a fupcrb Ipt cuiicn of an GOTHEBOHG, Of GoTTENBURO, a rich and flourilhing town of W Goth- land, in Sweden, fcated at the mouth of the river Gotha, which forms an excellent harbour j and it is the beft fituated for foreign trade of any in the kingdom, as it lies without the Sound. The inhabitants are computed to be 10,000. Here is a Bacon, and was a lupcrli tptcuiicn or an- aic eu,,muLuu lu ..^ ■'"•-"^- '"- - - f^ent architcfture; but the prefent pro- confidera^le herring filhery ; and from S or lord Grim'ftone. has lately rebuilt this pt.rt the Swed.fh E. India fhips take ["in the modern ft vie. „ _ , theit; ^eparttire The fortificat.c^s of this GoRiTiA, orGoRiTZ, aftrongto^tn of Germany, in the duchy of Carniola ; with a caftle feated on the river Lizon/o, t6 ifliles N. E. of Aquilcia, and 66 N. E. of Venice. Lon. i 3. 3°- E. lat. 46. zo. N. GoRMTZatown of Germany, in Up- per Lufatia. It is a handfome ftrong town are fo weak, that the Danes, who attacked the Swedes in 1788, under the pretence of an alliance with RulFia, muft have taken it, with the king of Sweden in perfon, but for the interference of Mr. Elfiot, the Bntifli minifter, under whofc metiiation an armiftice, and afterward a ocr LiUlatia. it is a uduuiwiiii. n^^..^ — •■ ■■ —- - 1 j , u . .u. Slace on the river NeifTc, s5 miles E. of convention, were concluded between the Kefden Lon. i5.40.Elat.j,..o. N. two Contending powers Gotheborgis GOR ;e, a town of France, in the de- ,88 miles S. W. of Stockholm. Lon. . u mrtment ot Mofclie and late province of 44. E. lat. 57. 4»- N. Kn, feated on a h,ll,three-\^iles from Gothland one of the five general L,orrdii., _ . .. , . ,, , ,_,. ,^ivif,()ns of the kingdom of S^veden, con- taining the provinces of Oftrogothia or E. Gothland, Smoland, VVcifrogothia or W. Gothland, the iUes of Gothland and CEland, Wcrmland, Dalia, Halland, Blek- ingen, and Scania or SchonetT. Gothland, a confiderable ifland of the Baltic, on the eaftern coaft of Sweden. Wi(l)y is the only town m it. Lon. 19. 45. E. lat. 57. o. N. GoTTEKBURG. See Gotheborg. GoT'f l.VGEN, a confiderable town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Brunfvvick, formerly free and imperial, but now fubjeft to the elec- tor of Hanover, "ere king George II. founded a univerfity. It is feated on the river Lcine, z^ miles N. E. of CalTel. Lon. p. :;3. E. lat. 51. 31- N- G'OTTORr, a town of Denmark, in the duchv of SlcCwick, capital of the duchy of H'ilficin Gottorp, where the duc^l pa- the river Mofelle. It had lately a rich abbey, and is eight miles S. W. of iVIetz. GosLAR, a large and ancient town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and territory of Brunfwick. It is free and imperial ; and it was here that gun- powder was firft invented by a monk, as IS gencrallv fuppofed. In 172S. »8o houfes, and St. Stephen's fine church, were rnluced to aihcs. It is leatcd on a mountain, near the river Gole ; and near it are rich mine, of iron and lead. The inhabitants arc famous for brewing excel- lent beer. It is 18 miles S. of Brunfwick. Lon. 10. 41. E. lat. 52. o. N. f w . ,. GosPORT, a town in Hampfhiit;, on tor ot Hano\cr. the W. fule of the harbour of Portfmouth, <•— -'-i " —" over "hich is a feriy. It has a market on aatuidr.v. It is well fortified, and here is a n'olilc hofpital for the fick and wounded of the royal navy. It is fituated in the parilh of Alrcrltock, 79 ""'''s S. \V. of London . GosiYNEN-, or Gor.TAViN, a town of Poland, in tl:e palatinate of Rav.i, 36 miles N. E. of Rava. Lon. :o. 4^. Ei lat. ^1. 54- N. Gotha, a towtv of CTtrmany, in tne b.ce is very fine. Lon. 9. 56. E. lat. 54. 36. N. GoxTsr.r.r.G, a town of Germany, in Siiefia, and i,i the duchy of Schwcidnitz. remnrkiible tor its filvcr mines. GoL-nA.or Turoow, a confiderable CtOTHA, a town. 01 VTCiiiiaiiv, 111 ...^ -- - - ■-• _,.,,, • c 1.1 rcle of Upper Saxony, and capital of a town ot the U.. ted Provinces, in S. H reie ui 'f I K ' , ' . ■'^■\, _•,,. i,„.i ...,,, ,v.-,Kf f.u- irs ftatcv church. duchy of the fame name 7 ■ Jt is i^' miles l.;rd, ruii.a-kablc for its ftately church. It IS i . .ai,'^*^- ^■.-i.-'J G O U )rt. Lon. 10. 51. E. lat. 51* a river of W. Gothland, in lich iffues out of lake Wen- into the North Sea at Gothe- I), St. one of the higheft of SwKTerland, being 9071; he level of the fca. It is 8 Altorf. OKG, or GoTTENBURO, a ouriihing town of W Goth- eden, fcated at the mouth of otha, which formii an excellent nd It is the bell fituated for c of any in the kingdom, as it the Sound. The inhabitants ted to be »o,ooc. Here is a '. herring fifliery ; and from le SwediTh E. India fhips take •ture. The fortifications of this fo weak, that the Danes, who e Swedes in 1788, under the an alliance with RulFui, muft it, with the king of Sweden but for the interference of Mr. Britifli miniftcr, under whofe an armiftice, and afterward a I, were concluded between the ndine; powers. Gotheborg is S. W. of Stockholm, Lon. lu 57. 4i-N. .AND, one of the five general if the kingdom of &^veden, con- ic provinces of Oftrogothia or ind, Smoland, VVcrtrogothin or iland, the Hies of Gothland and /crmland, Dalia, Halkind, Blek- d Scatifa or Schonenr. LA.vn, a confiderable idand of , on the eafterncoaft of Sweden. the only town m it. Lon. 19. . 57.0. N. KNBURG. See Gotheborg. IN GEN', a confiderable town of ', in the circle of Lower Saxony, y of Brunfwick, formerly free rial, but now fubjeft to the elec- anover. "'ere king George II. a univerfity. It is feated on the ine, 2; miles N. E. of Caffel. 3. E. lat. 51. 31. N. our, a town of Denmark, in the SIclwick, capital of the duchy :in Gottorp, where the ducE.1 pa- :ry fine. Lon. g. 56. E. lat. 54. scF.r.G, a town of Germany, in nd i,i the duchy of Schwcidiiit/. ale tor its filvcr mines. iA,or TuRoow, a confiderable the U«itcd i'rovinrcs, in S. Hn!- ii.irkublc for its ftatcly church. \^ is G R A is feated on the river IflTcI, eight miles N.E. of Rotterdam. Lon. 4. 41. li. lat. 51.2. N. Goudhurst, atown in Kent, with a market on Wednefday. It is n miles S. W. from Maidllone, and 44 S. E. of London. Lon. o. 31. E. 1st. hi. 8. N. GovERNOLO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Manrua, feated on the river Mincio, near the Po, 12 miles S. E. of the citv of Mantua. Lon. 10. 56. £. lat. 45. 4.N. Goura, orGuRA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Mafovia, belonging to the bifhop of Pofnania. Lon. 21. so. E. lat. cz. I. N. Gordon, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lot and late province of Querci, t8 miles N. VV. of Cahors. Lon. I. 24. E. lat. 4;. 43. N. GovrnaY, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine and late pro- vince of Normandy, remarkable for its market of fine butter. It is feated on the river Epte, 52 miles N. VV. of Paris. Lon. o. 36. W. lat. 49. 32. N. G R A of 45- the ""river Save, 20 miles S. W. Pofetia. Lon. 18. 39. E. lat. »T, N Gr.adiska, a (Irong town of Italy, in the county of Geritz, i'catcil o!i the river Lifonzo, on the frontiers of Fiiuli. It belongs to the hoiife of Auftria, and is i^ miles S. E. of Udino. Lon. 13, 14. E. lat. *6. 6. N. Grado, a ftrong town of Italy, in a fmaii ifland of the fame nanw', on tlie coaft of Friuli, and in the territory of Venice, 5c miles E. by N. of Venice. Lon. 13. 10. E. lat. 45. 46. N. Grafton, a village of Northampton- fhire, between Stony Stratford and North- ampton, where there is a mannr-houfe and park, given by Charles II. to the duke of Grafton, whence the title is derived. • Graham's Murn, between the Carron Works and Falkirk, in Scotland, a field celebrated for bting the fpot wheri; fir William Wallace, in iitjS. cut his way- through the midft of his vi.'torious ene- mies, with the lols of the brave fir John * Gourock, a town of Renfrewlhire, Graham, whofe monument and epitaph in Sdbtland, fituated on a bay of the frith are in the churchyard at Falkirk, of Clyde. In the neighbourhood of this Gwammont, a town of Aiiftrian Flan- town, a copper mine was lately worked. ders, feated on the river Dender, 18 niiics ■* GowEK, the pcninfuiated extremity N. E. of Tourniy, and 17 S. E. of Ghent of Glamoreanihire, in S. Wales, to the Lon. 3. ;g. E. lat. 50. 47. N. W. of the bay of Swanfey. It has very Grammont, a town of France, in the lofty limeftone cliffs next the fea, department of Upper Vienne and late pco- whcnce large quantities of lime arc ex- vince of Limnfin, remarkable for its late ported to the Englifli counties acrofs tlie Briftol Channel. The coaft abminds wi:h oyftcrs. The land is a fertile tradl of ara- ble and pafturagc. GowER, Gever or St. Goar, a town of Germany, in the circle tif the Up- per Rhine, and in the territories of iie houfe of Heffe Rhinefeldt. It is feated on the Rhine, 15 miles S. E. of Coblentz. Lon. 7, 32. E. lat. 50. 10. N. Go/,zi,orGozEs,an illandof the Mc- Jiteranean, to the S. of the ifle of Can- dia, 12 miles from fort Seliiio. GoKZo, a well-fortified ifland of Africa, on the coaft of Barbary, five miles N. W. of Malta, and belonging to the knights of that ifland. Grabow, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Mecklenburg, 18 miles S. of Schwerin. Lon. II. 44. E. lat. 53. 26. N. Graciosa, one of the A/ore;, or Weftcrn Iflands. Its i^hnhitants are about 3000, and its produce is wheat, wine, but- ter, and cheeie. Gradiska, a ftrong town of Scbvo- ria, on the frontiers of Croatia, taken by the Turks in 1691. It is feated on abbey, which was the chief of the order. It is 1 5 miles N. E. of Limoges. Lon. i. 30. R. lat. 46. I. N. GRAMPOVNt>,afma!lborough in Corn- wall, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the river Valles, and the inhabi- tants have a confiderable manufafture of gloves. It is 46 miles S. W. of Launcef- tin and 244 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 49. Wj^lat. ro. :;. N. Gran, a hinillbme, large, and ftrong to n of L)\"er Hungary, with anarchbi- fhop's fee. It has been feveral times takei\ and rttaken, but laft of all by the Impe^ rialiih, in 16S3. It is feated on the river Danube, ;!7 miles E. by S. of Vienna. Lon. \9,. 6. E. lat. 47. 46. N. G It A N' A I) A, a province of Spain, bound- ed on the N. and W. by Andalufia, on the E. by Murcia, and on the S. by the Me- diterranean Sea. It V, about 175 miles in length, and 75 in breadth ; is a mountain- ous country, and yet the foil is good ; but it has not been woU cultivated fincc tlic Moeirs were expelled frotn it in i^m. However, it produces corn, wine, oil, fu- gar, Bax, hemp,- excellent freiit;:, honey, wax, grapes, and mulberry-trees, w!ii,:h lc:d 'immSiw,i«arvsJma)*tmi^k»fa:t^taS.r. •:^>i&'^S!^ U - 1f "Wi 1-"" G II A mrwr » W^ 9 f J ir»9 m W V ^ rm^ G R A feed a preat number of filkworms. The forefts produce gall-nuts, plm-trees, and •akn Graaada is the capital. Granada, a large, handfomc, and iciiiihtful I i'V "f Spain, capital of the liiflkdom of Granada, with an archbiftop s fee, and » univcrfity. It is built on tour liiUs, and divided in,to four pans, m one of which is the large church, containing ihe tombs of Ferdinand and lfai>ella, who took this place frotn the Moors in 1492- In another is the pai-.ce of the knigs of Spain, and an ancient palace of the Moor- ilh kin^s, with fo many rooms, that it is like a labyrinth; in the third the univcr- fit^ ttands ; the fourth has nothing conli- derable : but all the public buildings are Tcry tnagnificenr. It is feated not tar from the river Oro, near its conHuence with the Xenil, i » c; miles S. W. of Mur- cia. and 115 S. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 3°- ■ W.lat. 37. 8. N. GR\NAnA,an ifland in the W. Indies, the principal of the Granadillas, or Grana- dincs, fiiuatcd in 61. 40. W. lon. and be- . tween ti.Sv am' 12. »3- N. lat. It is the laft -)f the Windward Canbbecs, and ks 30 leagues to the N. W. of Tobago. The chief port, called Lewis, is on the W. fide, and is vtry fpacious. This iHand is finely wooded ; and the foil is fuited to produce fugar, tobacco, and* indigo. It .wau taken from the French in nf>i, con- firmed totheEnglilh in i763» taken by the French in 1779. and reftorcd to the '' Eiu'lilh in 17S3. ,„ « • • Gkanapa, a town of N. America, in the province of Nicaragua, feated on lake Nicaragua, 70 miles from the South Sea. ' It was taken twice by the French buccan- nters, and pillaged. The inhabitants carry on a great trade by means of the lake, which communicates with the Atlantic Ocean. Lon. 8-;. o. W. lat. n. 28. N. Gkanaua, New, a province of S. America, in Terra Firma, about 7 5 miles in Icneth, and as much in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by Carthagena and St. Martha, on the E. by "*/ enezuela, on the S. by Popayan, and on vhe W. by Daricn. It contain!, mines of gold, copper, and iron ; horfes, mules, good pafturcs, corn, and fruits. Santa-Fc-de-Bagota is the cnpiral. G:;A>JDE-rR.K, a town of France, in the dLpinmcnt of Ardennes and late pro- vince of Champagne, feated on the river j\yrc, 32 miles R. of Jvhciiiis. Lon. 4. 5^. E.lat. 49-ii-N. . Grakk , or OaANiffus, a fmall river o* Natolia, in Afia, wiiichhas its lource ;n Mouut Ida, neat the ruiiis of ancient Troy. It falls into the fea of Marmora» to the E. of Lampfaco. Gra.vson, a town of Swiflerland, i« the country of Vaud, and capital of a baili-' wic of the fame name, with a caftle. Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, took it by ftorm ; but, in a fubfcqueni battle near it, in 1476, he was totally defeated. Lon. 6. 30. E. lat. 46. 50 N. Grantham, a borough of Lincoln- fljire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the river Witham, and has a frecfchool, and a handfome church, fa- mous for its high fpire, which feems to lean on one fide. It is 2 1 miles N. by W. of Stamford, and 110 N. by W. from LondoAv Lon. o. 36. W. lat. 52. * GaASMEidiiWATKR, 2 fmall lake of WeftmorlanaT-'not fa"" t° ^^^ ^^: °^ Amblcfide. Its margin is hollowed into fmall bays, with bold emitten'ces ; foine of rock, fome of turf, that half conceal and vary the figure of the little lake thcv com- mand. From the ihore, a low promontory projefts far into the water ; and on it ftands a white village, with the parilh church rifing in the midft of it. Granville, a feaport of France, m the department of the Channel and late province of Normandy, partly feated on s rock, and partly on a plain. It is 15 miles S. by E. of Coutances, and 185 W. of Pa- ris. Lon. I. 32. W. lat. 48. 50. N. Grasse, a town of France, in the de- partment of Var and late province of Pro- vence. It was lately a bilhop's fee ; and is feated on an eminence, 15 miles W. of Nice, and 70. N. E. of Aix. Lon. 6. 56. E. lat. 43. 39- N. * Grasse, La, a town of France, in the department of Aude and late province of I^anguedoc, feated on the river Othieu, at the foot of the mountain of Courbicre, 18 miles S. E. of Carcaflbnne. Grateley, a village in Hamplhire, on the S. E. fide of Quarley-hill, in the road from Andover to Salilbury, where, in 926, kingAthelftan held a grand coun- cil of the nobility. Gratz, a handfome ftrong town of Germany, capital of Stiria, with a caftie, feated on a rock, and a univcrfity. Here are many handfome palaces, and a fine arfenal. The caftle ftands on a lofty hill, and communicates with the river, by means of a very deep well. It is feated on the river Muehr, S<; ir.iles S. W. of Vicuna. Lon. 15. 30. E. lat. 47. 4- N. Gb-AUDENTz, a town of Poland, m the palatinate of Culm, with a handfome caftle ; leated on the river '^'""'*'J' G R A Is into the fea of Marmors» ^ampfaco. , a town of SwifTerland, >■ f Vaud, and capital of a baili-' fame name, with a caftlc. old, duke of Burgundy, took but, in a fubfcoueni battle .76, he was totai'.y defeated. ;. lat. 46. 50 N. \M, a boroiigh of Lincoln- market on Saturday. It i» e river Witham, and lias a id a handfome church, fa- high Ipire, which feems to fide. It is 2 1 miles N. by aford, and 110 N. by W. 4^ Lon. o. 36. W. lat. 5*. if.r;s-Watkr, 2 fmall lake lana, .'not far to the W. of Its margin is hollowed into ,ith bold emittcn'ces ; foinc of )f turf, that half conceal and it'e of the little lake thev com- n the ihore, a low promontory into the water ; and on it lite village, with the parilh g in the midft of it. LLE, a feaportof France, in ent of the Channel and late Normandy, partly fcated on a irtly on a plain. It is 15 miles Coutances, and 185 W. of Pa- , 34. W. lat. 48. so. N. , a town of France, in the de- ■ Var and late province of Pro- was lately a bifhop's fee ; and an eminence, 15 miles W. of fO.N.E. ofAix. Lon. 6. 56. 19. N. SE, La, a town of France, m nent of Audc and late province loc, fcated on the river Othieu, of the mountain of Courbicre, E. of CarcaiTonne. LEY, a village in Hampfliire, E. fide of Quarlcy-hill, in the Andover to Salilbury, where, ig Athelftan held a grand coun- obility. , a handfome ftrong town of capital of Stiria, with a caftle, , rock, and a univcrfity. Here handfome palaces, and a fine rhe caftle f;ands on a lofty hill, unicates with the river, by means kep well. It is fcated on the ehr, 8.; miles S.W. of Vienna. 30. E.lat. 47. 4- N. _ , . . DENTZ, a town of Poland, in nate of Culm, with a handfome ated on the river Viftula, p roues itw>3kf :*'^iilh^ffa Aa^tS-^A- G R A miles N. of Thorn, and no N, W. of Warfaw. Lon. i8. 51. E. lat. 53. 36. N. Grave, a ftrong town «{ Dutch Bra- bant, feated on the river Macfe, beyond which there is a fort, eight miles S. of Nimegucn. Lon. 5. 45. E. lat. 51. 47. N. Gravelinjs, a ftrong fcaport of France, in the department of the North, and late French Flanders. It was ceHed to France, by the treaty of the Pyrei.^- s, and is feated on the river Aa, li miles E. of Calais. Lou. ». 13. E. lat. 50. 59- N. Graven AC, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and capital of a coanty of the fame name, 30 miles W. of Ulm. Lon. 9. 28. E. lat. 48. ti. N. Gravesrnd, a town in Kent, v'rh a market on Wednefday and Saturday. It is feated on the Thames, and is a phcc of great refort, being the common land- ing-place for feamen and ftrangers in their paffage to London. It has a block- houfe over againft Tilbury fort. A great part of it was burnt down, with the church, in 1727 : the latter has been fince rebuilt as one of the 50 new churches. It is commonly called the cor- poration of Gravefend and Milton, thefe two places being united under the govern- ment of a mayor, 12 aldermen, 24 com- mon-council, a townclerk, &c. They werr incorporated by queen Elifabcth ; but, long before, Richard II. had granted them the exclufive privilege of convey- ing paffengers to London in boats, at two- pence a head, or a whole boat's fare at four IhiUings. The" ftill enjoy this piivilcge j kut the fare is now nineperice a head. The boats depart from Billinglgate, near Lons)on Bridge, at high water, and from Gravefend at low water; the ringing of a bell, at each place, for a quarter of an hour, giving notice of the time. Coachss attend the arrival of the boats from Lon- don, to convev the paffengers to Rochcf- ter, at one fliilling and fixpence each. The townhoufe whs ere6lcd_^ in 17C4. The chief employment of the labouring people is fpmning of hamp, to make nets for filhing, and ropes. It is alfo famous for afparagus. It is 22 miles S. E. of London. Lon. o-. 27. E. lat. ^i. 2!,. N. Gravis A, a town of the kingdom of Naples with a bifliop's fee, 32 miles S. W. of Bari. * Graolmet, a town of France, in the department of Tarn and late province •f Languedoc, 12 miles N. W. of Caf- trcs. Gray, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Saone and late pro- ORE vince of Franche Comt(?. It is a trading* place, and feated on the river Saone, 2$ miles N. E. of Dijon. Lon. 5. 41. E. lat. 47. 28. N. Grays-Thurrock, sitown of EflTex, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the Thames, 24 miles E. of London. Lon. o. 24. £. lat. 51. 26. N. Greece, the ancient name of that part of Turkey in E.11 ape, u hieli contains Ma- cedonia. Albania, LivaiTia, the Morca, the Archipelago, and Candia ; which fee re- fpeftively . Greenland, a general name by which are denoted the moil eafterly parts of America, flretcliing toward the N. Pole, and likewife fome iflands to the N. of the continent of Europe, lyinjin very high latitudes. This country is divided into W. and E. Greenland. VV. Green- land is now determined by our latcft maps to be a part of the continent of America ; though on what authori:y is not very clear. That part of it, of which the Europeans have any knowledge, is bounded on the W. by Baffin's Bay, on the S. by Davis' Straits, and on the E. by the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. E. Green- land was, for a long time, confidered as a part of the continent of V/. Greenland, but is now difcovercd n be an affemhlage of iflands lying betw;;n 9° and 20" E. lon. and 76, 46. and So. 3c. N. lit. It was dlfcovercil, in 1 1;3 3, by fir Hugh V/il- lougliby, who callod it Greenland, fuppof- ing it to ! .■ I part of the wcftern coiiti- nent. In 1595, it was vifiicd by VV'iU li;'.m Barenlz and John Cornelius, two Dutcliiiitn, who pretended to be the ori- ginal difco', irers, and called the country Spitzbcrgen, or fliarp mountains, from tlie many fliarp-pointcu and rotky mountains with which the cnuntry abounds. The few inhabitants of Greeu'raid are lavages, and much lil'.c the ECquinuiux. It is a cold mifcrable country, and has very few an'.mals, except doers, white buars, foxes, and a few wi!:l fuwls. Hire the EnglKh, Dutch, and other nations, go every year to catch wiiales, for the lake of their fins and oil. It was fo called, bccaufe thofe that difcovertd it firft, found the (hore co- vered with green mofs. Atitinpts have been made to fettle in it ; but the men perifhed with the leverity of the cold. ■* GnEENLAW, the county town of BerwickSiire, in Scotland, feated on a ri- ver that joins the Tweed, beto'e it reaches Berwick. It is 17 miles VV.by S. of tlut town. Greenock, a confidcrable feaport of Scotland, in the county of Renfrew, at the mouth of the Clyde. It is a place of; S j>reat » » I I 1 f " 'L u IlliPilll^WPaWS*'^* ' ^w^" '''5 ^^ "rjiHW"' '". ' I""!" " ''' y G R E G R I chuilv -JcpeiuU o« GUigow. It h..5 a " "^ ■" ^ i,„,.^,iy fUurchcs. The cathc grca.-ft.arc: .n ''-/'-., fiftc,v; ar^ TT\J^::'I^^Z\cn. bu,ldini; in the Go The town h^b luuch incrc.'.cd wiWiin tnt laft ;o years. Here is h riiiiar-houfe and a rorc and iail iiv.uuifaiJKiry. At the W. «nd of ihc'tuwn is n lma!l fort fur the de- fence t:f ttx hathinir. It is i'- md'^i' ^^ • . of Glaluow. Lon. 4. 29- W. lit. 55. *'^'^; -'-..P W ofChiD- thiit part c tied Pcrrcire, a Urge '>reet •v Giua.KsiFn, avil.arr, \\ • "l^ii'p- '"''',, r, , .^^ river. It s 17 imlts pin, Cnrar. in ImIc.. rcnark.bl. for us "" ' ^.fj, ,1^ ^r , a d o^ W. bv N. of ^,uKnt I't.le church, .Ivc v-a s of wh.ch «; -f ^l'^";'^^'' ^^ j^, y^^l „. - arc forn,eci of the f.Mul trunks .,f tree. Turn .Lon :^^ ^ J, ^^^^^^^^^ rlaccd in rrAv.s. and It.n, c :,kn!a ed to en- S*;". Scothnd, near the mouth oi lun-c for ajMs .norc, thov.Ju built prior to fneslhiro y^j,]';°';-;"'J;,^ ^^^^^ i,^^, „,t,,, theCom;ncft. .^s the refovc of thoCc youn- gentlciir.-n and GUKI r.wK'U. a, t-,.vn in Kent, l.vc as ti j ^^;^^ ^,^„^,-, („ i,, ,„;tr. „,i!csE.of lcndo,,,„ot...f..us.v^^- ^-\-Sftancling the prohibitions ot drd is a fine ancient buildini; in the Ou- thic tafte ; and St. Andrew's church u adorned with a curious fpire, and a toniu of cxcehtnt workmanihip. 1 he leather and flcves tint are m:n'.-. here are hi,i;Uly efteelued. It is feated on the river Here, over Nvhich are two bridges to pais iiur nvhuul park, and its aU;vnon;ic,h ^Werva- t("ry, on thj luminit ( f a hill, cuUd I'lam- ftecd Hill, frtmk the ^'vcat aflr. r.onier ot that ni.nit, who v\as lic.e tic lirl^ altrt.no- nier royal. The E.'fji'h compute the longitude from the ineridiaii ot lhi> place. The hofpital is thought to ke the hncK ftrudturc ri the kivd in A- w.ald ; and llKir parents and iniardians. The cere- mony is p.Mf..rnRd by a blackfmith. GKiriKNHAKi N, a town in Gern-.a- nv in TruHian Pomerania, and in tnc duchy of Sietin, feaied on the river Oacr. Lon. .4- 41- K. !at. ';3- ^-i-^- GuiMni.iic.KN', a town of Auttrian Brabant, fiated on a rivulet, about a mile ftrudtt^rc rf the kivd m th. w.^ld ; am ^ao.u , ^ . ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ i *'y \' S 1 n aW ev and a caftle. It is fix mile. Janus Thornhiik ^^ ''^^ ^"^ t NofBufi^l'- Lon. 4. ^7. K. lat. co. ftr.ved, Jan. 1, ,77.), by_a ^dreadtul fnc, ^• '^l^'^" ^GiuMM, a town of Germany, in the cleaorate of Saxony, feated on tha river Muldaw. It is defended by a citadel, and is 10 miles S. E. of Leipfick. which iikcwife coidV.ii>'.d tlitf duune-haU and ei -ht wards. The whole is rebuilt ; and tl-X- cht'pel wa? oper.fd for dnine fer- vicc, on the icih of Scpteuber, 1780. The rebuilding ( f this beautiful ftruitiue Lon. liUlUUl 111 U^i".^, -- -, vdiich is decJfa-cd in a ftyk »f th'^ '-''^ ^"cV^l-.^-. ^ S- ^ ^;^,^ of Germany, in Po- t-Iecant fimplicuy, cca .S4,cool. Hue „^^^'':'V,ve miles S. of Stralfund. Lon. ^vat ..nee a roval palarc. m which queen ''''''^'^_^'Y\l".' ,,. jq. Mary and queen Lhfr.ceth were burn, and '^-J.- ^- ;^+^ ;^^ ^,f Germany, in in wl:ich Edward VJ. di.d. It has be^en G -M. ku ^-^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^_ long pulled down, a,.d on part ..t the nte e ' _^ ^ ,^ ,.^^._ ,, offtno.vft.ulstl^hcu(e.e..ui-^to 1« f^-sSTr^vcs. Lon. 6.^9. E. lat. ranccr of the park -, and whirh, fio..i t-.e m-"- ■Thames, appear,, In the centre bevmu 49^^^- J- ^,^^^^^ ^ ^^,^, i rough the two extreiniics of the holpital. The p*-' ' ,, , ^^.j,,, ^ market on ^V. d- . church, one of the 50 new cht.rches, is ^ .J- "'°'„7 g, urday. It had formerly dcdic-itedtoSt. Alphaee;. In this town ^^ ' ji^^-;";. =;,o paliHi churches, whh a isaa^le,. calKdihel ukeof No ok a c « e^- ^ p.^Jur, now almoft choked College, althout^Jl fou-idcd by Henrj ea.. ^^^. _„^^ ^,,,jrch, a laite of ?^orthan.pt'■■• •- J-- ,■ T ,„,,i„,. Ton o. 6. E. lat. •Grc^nwieh.-and ei,ht chnlen ahernately . ToN. ol Loud... Lon. o. from Snotiilham and Caaie Rif.nuin ^0l- ^•^.. „ ,-,.p,,r,n, arivcr in Northum- tolk. Here is .llo an holpual, called j^^ ' ^^^^^^^^ ,-^,r,„,, f„r ,nc Qucn Eh!-.!cth's Coli^;e I'^'^ded by ^'Vi,;,!. was K-'.ed over the Scot. iTfr. I.an>b;..rd. author <.t the PevambuU- ^■"ory .^ ^^. ^,.,r,ui,„berland tiotvof Kerr, the nrV ereaeu by an Eng- •j;,;,;^ 'j^rother. when many of the Scot. liih profei-.ai;i Kibjeft. • ■ '^ GltF.NOVl.r. a ban rf;e, popu- w^e'^lVo^vned in this river.' On a ridnt^ Nuri.i-, <» ......w - • ,--..( . „,.^,,„,i near Grindon, abovit a quarter e. lous, a..a a„cie,:t. t.wn of F. anee, in the g'^^^^f .,1;; Sand/bi.h, arc fair u^- ^cpar-nitni of H^re and late p.e.iue'it a ruue ^ „j,,,. n/ H in m i mf rMiy i G R I .ih a bifljop'i fee. It con- mimbci" i»f lundfumc ftriic- lurly cluirclics. The catlic- aiuient buildinj; in the Clo- nd St. Andrew's church m a curious Ipire, ;iiid ii tomb workniaiiil-.ip. The leather :\t arc m:u',;: here are highly t is itated on the river litre, re two bridijti to paf's into lud Pcrreire, a lar^e "ree: t the river. It is ^^ miles ■riy, and los ^V. by N. of . ^. 49. E. lat. .^5. II.''' V (jKKKN', a village of Duni- Scotland, near the moath of .Hi. It has been linj; noted t of thofe voting' gentlemen and Inland, who choofe to be mar- thltandint; the prohibitions of Its and i;iiaidians. The cerc- fornicd by a llackfmith. NHAKiN.a town in Gern-.a- uliinn Pomcrania, and in t!ie letin, leaicd on the river Oder. 2. K. !at. f,i. 25. N. . lU. KN, a town of Auftrian e.aed (jn a rivulet, about a niile anal from nrutTeU to Antwerp, jt>ey and a caftle. It i-> fix miki afl. Is. Lon, 4. Z-. E. lat. co. M, a town of Germany, in the ; of Saxony, leated on tha ri.er It is defended by a citadel, and i> S. E. of Leipfick. Lon. 12. 3:. >• '.vN. . M bN , a town f;f Germany, in To- live miles S. of Stralfund. I. on. :. lat. 54. i;. N. i'KRO, a town of Germany, in c or the Lower Rhine and* elec- • Treves, with a bilhop's fee, 17 E.of Treves. Lon. 6. 59. E. i.-.t. si. isBV, GuF.AT, a large borough ilpfliivL', with a market on AVed- inu Saiurelay. It had fe^rmerly and two parjni churches, widi a ions harbour, now almoft choked hr'.s n-iw only o'.^c church, a lari'e ic llru.'-Uirc, like a cathedral. It ile-s TN'. v.. bv E. of Lincoln, auJ jf London. Lon. o. 6. E. lat. 53. ;noN--Rtf;c, a river in Northum- near Rerwifk, famous for liic which was gamed over the Scots, ;, bv the earl of Northumberland brother, when many of the Sc.)!. owned in this river. On a rifinc^ ne.'.r Grindon, about a quarter t.f S. fi- in Sandvbsr.h, are fvur t;*:- 9 ' riiibi G R O r'l'bt ftire pillirs, fnbcrnl monuments of ihc chieftain-, (lain in tint ■.'.ftion. GHrssTFAi), East, a bnrouL'h in fiiiTtx, with .1 market ( n . Thurlday. The alii/es for the county are fomi.iimcs held here. It is iS miles N. of Lewes, .ind 29 S. of London. Lon. o, 2. E. lit. 51. 12. N. GairswAin, a flronj' and ronfider- ablc town of Gcrninnv, in I'onii rnnia, for- 1111 rlv iniperial, init now fubjei't to the Swedes, with a good h.irbour, and a uni- vtrlity. It is leated near the Tea, 15 iiiilcs S. E. of Stralfund, and ; -, N. W. of Stttin. Lon. i?. 41. 1''. lat. 54. 4. N. CiHtsr.iis, a people of Iialv, inhabiting the mnimtains of tlie Alp, and in alli.nicj with SvvifTerland. Thty are divided into three leagues, wiiirh unite and form tmc r''>iiblic ; namelv, the Cin y Li?igiie ; the Catlt'c, or the Miuil'e of (iod ; pnd the Ten juril'di^.tiins. The rel| eftive com- niuni ies of tlufe three Icagius have tlieir pcfulii't conltiliiiioii, enj'w ilieir nnmici- pd la.vs and cuftom'-, and arc independent comnionwealths in alf concerns whitli do not interfere \\ ith the geiier"l jiolicy of the wdiolc republic, or tlie ."rtides of the particulrir ItaKue of which they form a parr. The connexion between tfcefe tfirec IcMgucs is mainlined by means of an annual diet, held alternately at the towns of Hants, Coirc, and Divos. The c'luntry of the GrilV ns is about 87 miles in length, an\l very pupul )us. Thcv are partly Pipifts and partly Profcflants. They pofTefs the Valtiline, and the coun- ties of Hormif) and Chiavcnna. Their countrv is bounded on the S.by the duciiy r the per- fons cnuloyed in the ivianiilat lines ''nd icoo Jews. It has grenilv the appear- ance of 1 decayed town ; containing a mixture of wretcbeil hovels, filling lioules, and ruined palaces, with nugnificent gate- ways, remains of its ancient tpkndour. A few habitstions in good repair make the contraft more Itrikiiig. S me remains ftiil txili of the old palace in which tile- kings uCed to rcfide during the holding of the diets. It Hood on a hill ; oppofite to which is the new palace, liuilt, I'lir never inhabited, by Auguftiis III. In this pa- lace arc the apartments where the diets are ibmetimes held; particularly the lall, in 179?, which was compelled, at the point •f the ])ayonct, to confent to the ("ccond G R U pariiiinn of Poland. Hrrr i< a colleger and phvlii- I'trden ; the knur of P.Xinei iiavnr^ ell.iblilhed a r n'ul »ca 1, and deniuliflic 1 the t'Tti- (ica'ioiis. It is fi ated on the riv^r Slink, 1 ; miles S. !•'. of Zutph-'n. C?i(ON'rvr;F..v, a rich, pop'ilous and Innd'omc t"wnof the Netlura ih, capi- tal of a lord i,ip of rhc I'anic name, whicK is tne of ihc l;'ni-ed Provinces, with a ci- tadel and 1 iinivtrfiry. Ji is felted on the rivers Muni', and Aa, 10 miles fi !m the fcA, anil S: N. E. of Amfterd.a'.ii. Lon. 6. ? I. E. lar. ;?. 10. N. (iltON IN f:KS, one of the Seven United Provinces, iMiindcd on the K. bv the river Embs, wiiich h pirates it from E. Kiier. hnd, on tlic W. by Friedaml, on the N. by the fJernian ocean, and on the S. hv Overvffcl. It is dii ided into two put':, of wli'ch 'h'.'founof (5roningnn and irsdiftrift are one ami the Ommerlands the otiitr, Thele two bodies alVcmbltd hv their depii- tits, with the ftatesof the province, make the i'overeignty. Its i;overnment is not nniikc that of ancient Rome. The excellency of this country conhif'- in pidures, whicli feed a great nuinbt'r of larj^e horfes, (it for the coach. (lUi'ssA, .-I'l ifland of Dalmatia, in the }'iilfof-"\'eiiice, near the coall of the county I'f /.ara. It is ;o milts in ciicumfeience, and belongs to the Venetians. GkossKTTO, a town of Italy, in Tul- cany, with a fircjng caft'e and a bifl'oj \ I 3 G U A Th.fc mountain, ire covered «l'l> "ee% fome remams of the Hercynun foreft^ It '"o'lucKr^EM-T, a town of tJ^n^fnV^ in Carinthia, nn the river S.ve, xvith a Gkusde, a town of Ocrmany, m the duchv of Brunfwick. and in the moun- tains of Hart/. Lon. i j. 3 5- «" '"• 5*' to N GruniNOFH, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxon V «"^\P"^!P*; litv of Halbcrftadt, fcafed on the river Felkc. Lon. ,..4'-E. l'->'- i»- f^^. Gruninc;en, a town of Swifferland, in the canton of Zurich, capital of the ba.liwicofthefamename. /ihc ba, iff poffelTcs conliderable auihonty. and re- Juics in the caflle, which ftands on au ele- ■ rated rock, and commands an cxtcnHse profpeft. Lon. 8.43-K. Ut.47. I4-M- ^ GKtJYiKES.a town of Sv^ifferland, m the canton of Fribure, with a hand ome eaftic, where the ba.brt reMe . It |s fa- mous for checfc, and is . 5 '"''«: S- ^^ • "^ Fribui K. A dangerous mkirreftion broke ou here in ,78., which threatened the . dellruaion even of friburg, the capital, but Nvas happily quelled by fon-.e troops from Bern. Lon. 6. 43- E. iat. 46- 35- N- GUACOCKINGO, a town of N- Amc- rica. in New Spain, 10 miles S. E. ot Mexico. Lon. 99. 45. W. '.f • ' I-- f V^^ Guadalajara, the capital ot a rich and fertile province of the fame name, in N. America, with a bilhop's fee ; 2,7 miles W. of Mexico. Lon. 104. 49- w . *"Gu;n°AL^AJARA,OrGUADAl.AXARA, a town of Spain, in New Caft^;/, /i river Herare^, 30 miks N. E of Madnd. Lon. t. 47.W. lat.40. 36- N- . GuAi^ALAViAR, a Hver of Spain, which rifes on the confines of Arragon, croffes the province of Valencia,, and falls into the Mediterranean, a little below the town of Valencia. . _ „f GUADALOUPE, a handfome town of Spain, in Eftramadura. with a.celebrated coCe'nt. It is icated on a nvulet of the fame name. Lon. 5- 3- t- !'"• 39- "b^'ADAi-ouPE, one oV^'^;:"w^l2 ■ Ifland. in the W. IiHlie..lymg between Antieua and Dominica, in lon. 6i. o. w, a,,d at. .6.Z0.N. It is divided into two ™rt byanarrow.ftrait caledtheSdt .. ^iver. At this place the land on each Me U not above four miles broad, and by this ftrah the fea on the N. W. "^'-""-" ^^ >viththatontheS. E. peN.W.part - is 60 miles in length, and 14 >» bieadth. ^"''^ G U A The S. E. part, in extent, U much the fame. The French began to fetfl* ihii irtand in i6ji. It was taken by the Kng- li(h in 1759, but reftored in 1763- ^t " faid to be the beft of all the Caribb«e Illands, the foil being exceedingly good, and well-watered near the fer>, by rivuleti which fall from the mountains. On this idand is a hill, called the Mountain of Sulphur ! on the E. fide of it are two mouths, which open into a pit of fulphur : they frequently emit thick clouds of black fmokc, with (parks of fire : the Negroes who fell brimtione fetch it from this pir. GuAUALfj^iJivKR, one of the inoft fa- mous rivers of Spain, which rifes in An- dalufia, and falls into the gulf of Cadi?.. GuADARAMA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftilc, remarkable for its great trade in chccfe. It is featcd on the river Gua- daram, 1 5 miles N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 3.4'!. W. lat.4i.45;N. Gu A I) I AN A, a nver of Spafn, which rifes in New Cafttle, feparates Al^arve from Andalufia, an^ falls into the bay of Cadi?, between Caftro Marino and Agra- monic. . Gu ADix,a town of Spain, tn Granada, with a bilhop's fee, 30 miles E. of Grana- da. Lon. 2. 47- VV. lat. 37. 4' N- GuALDO, a town of Italy, in the maiquifate of Ancona, eight miles N.W. ofNocera. In i7c;i,it was almoll deftroy- ed by .in earthquake. Lon. li. 43- E- !»'• Guam, the chief of the L'adrone Tflamh, in the N Pacitic Octan, 100 miles in cir- cumference. It is fubjeft to the Spaniard-, who have a garrifon here, but the inhabi- tants are almoll all natives of the country, and reputed to be vcrv Ikilful in building boats. It abounds with excellent fruit, and the air ii wholefomc ; iiotwithftanding which the natives are fubjeft to a kindof leprofy. Lon. 145- •?•£• '=*'• 'J- 5- ^• Guamanga, a town of S. America, capital of a province of the fame name in Peru, with a bilhop's lee. It is remark- able for its fweetmcats, manufaftures, and mines of gold, filver, loadftones, and par- ticularly quickfilver. It is joo miles E. ot Lima. Lon. 73- ^5- W. lat. ii. 4°- S. Guanahami, or Cat Island, one of the Bahama I Hands, the firft diicovertd by C'hriftopher Columbus, in i49»' ^""^ named by him St. Salvador. Lon. 75* 5. W. lat. from 24. 10. to 24. 40. N. _ GuANUGO.arich town of S. America, capital of a diftritt of the lame name, that abounds in all the neceffaries of life. It is 112 miles N. E. of Lima. Lon. 74. 55. W. lat. 9. 5^;. S. Guanaiavelca, a rich town ot b. America, G U A lart, in extent, is mudt the French hi^an to lettie tiiii It waii tajcen by the Kng- but rcOored in 176]. It is belt of nil the Canbbte roil being exceedingly gtxxl, ered near the feri, by rivulcti im the mountains. On thit ill, called the Mountain of the E. fide of it are two h open into a pit of fulphur : 'y emit thick ctoudi of black parks of fire : the Negroes ttone fetch it from thi« pi?. ■yMVKR, one of the moft ta- of Spain, which rifes in An- ' "s into the gulf of Cadiz. A MA, a town of Spain, in remarkable for its great trade \t is featcd on the river Gua- liles N. VV. of Madrid. Lon. It. 41. 45. N. NA, a river of Spafn, which w Caitfle, feparates Algarve ufia, ari;l falls into the bay of een Cadro Marino and Agra- , a town of Spain, in Granada, ip's fee, 30 miles E. of Grana- '.. 47. V\'. lat. 37. 4. N. ), a town of Italy, in the of Ancona, eight miles N. VV. In ivni.it was almoft dcftroy- rthquakc. Lon. 11.43. E. lat. hechief oftheL&drone Iflamh, Pacific Octan, 100 miles in cir- . Ifis fubjeft to the Spaniard-, I garrifon here, but the inhabi. moll all natives of the country, d to be very (kilful in building biuin;ls with excellent fruit, and whokfomc ; iiotwithftanding natives are fubjeft to a kind of ^on. 145. if.E. lat. 13. 5. N. NO A, a town of S. America, \ province of the fame name in 1 a bilhop's lee. It is remark- fweetmcats, manufailurcs, and old, filver, loadftones, and par- uickfilver. It is 200 miles E. of on. 73. 15. W. lat. II. 40. S. .HAMi, or Cat Island, one ama lllands, the firft dilcovercd )phcr Columbus, in 1491, and him St. Salvador. Lon. 75. . from ^4. 10. to 24. 40. N. •GO, a rich town of S. America, I diftritt of the fame name, that I all the neceffarics of life. It is N. E. of Lima. Lon. 74. 55. iZAVELCA, a rich town of S. America, G U A G U I America, in Peru, in a country abounding in New Spain, very fertile in wheat, In- in n inc* of quickfilver. It i» i;9milrt dian corn, codiuual, ind callia. It i« from I'il'ca. Lon. 74. 39. W. fat. 11. Imunded l.y the gulf of Mexico on the 36. S. N- and bv the South Sri on the S. Jt Gi'ARDAFl'i, t cape of Africa, at the contains niinn of gold, lilver, and cryf. eaftern extremity of Add, and the entrance tal. of ihc ftrait of Habelmatidcl, Lon. 52. 5. Guaxaca, a town of N. Aincriei, E. lat. II. 46. N. capital of a province of the fame name, Gi; ARDIA, or GuARDA, a tov/n of with a billiop's fee. It docs not conrain Portugal, in Bcira, with a bilhop's fee. ab.ivr looo inlabirants ; but it is rich, and It is fortif»cd both by art and nature, and they make fmc Iwcctmeats and chocolate, has a fliitety cathedml. It is 138 miles It ha« kvcral luh convents. Lun. too. E. of Lilbon. Lon. 6. 37. W. lat. 40. 0. VV. lat. 17. 4;. N. »j. N. . Gpnn«j,a hiMjiomctown of O.r'Tianv, Gi'AUni*-ALrF.RFZ, a town of the in Lower Lulatia, fcanj .1. tn, NielTc, kingdom of Naples, with a bilhop's fee, and fubjeft to t.i iiou'c of Sa\e- Mcrltn- (even miles N. vV. of Larino. Lon. 14. hurt;. It i* fit milci N. E. ot Drtiden. 56. E. lat. 41. 39. N. Lon. 14. 30. K. lat. i;i. 0. N. GuAKMA, a leaport of Peru, in S. Gunto, or Eucunio, h town of ftilv, America, 110 miles N. W. of Lima, in the duchy of Urbmo, with a biihop't Lon. 77. 49. VV. lat. 10. 10. S. fee, 8» miles N. of R.nnc. I-on. i:. 3^, GuA>TAi.LA, a ftrong town of Italy, E. lar. 43. ift. N. •n the duchy of Mantua, ceded to the Gt'ttDERi, v vd, or GuEiriUKs, a duke of Parma in 1748. Here the Impe- territory of the Netherlands. Thit part lial general Konigfcg attacked the French which is a diltritt ot the to'vn of Oncl- army in 1734, but was repuUed with the dre:. bi'lonfs to the kirn; of Pnillia ; Rurc lofs of 5000 men. It is fcated near the moml anj its dependencies i) tho h(.\i'e river Po, 15 miles N. of Reggie. Lon. of Auftna ; an! Vcnio and Stevctilw.icrt 10. 38. E. lat. 44. 56. N. to rht States Gcurul. GuASTO, or Vasto, a towti of the Gi'F.lorks .1 [\,n,yj towu .jf tlic Ne- kingdom of Naples, between the mouths therhmS, in the durhy of the fiiite name, of the Trigno and Afienella, in the gulf cr.l( d to ;iip king of Pr'..((ia by the peace of Venice, 15 miles S. E. of Lanciano, ofUirccht. It i. 10 miles N. K. of Ven- Lon. 15. 6. E. lat. 4». 29. N. lo. Lon. 6. o. E l.ir. 5 1. 26. N. GUATIMALA, the audience of, in New Gii^ramp, •» town of Fnnce, in the Spain, in N. America. It is above 750 dcpartmenr of Lower Loire and Intc pro- miles in length, and 450 in breadth. It vincn of Brittany. It carries on a confi- abounds in chocolate, which they make derahl'- trade in white I'alt, and is three ule of inftcad of money. It has 12 pro- miles from the fe^, and 250 \V, S. \V . of vinces ; and the native Americans, under Paris. Lon. 2. 20. VV. I,,t. 47. 20. N. the dominion of Spain, profefs Clirif- Gi^ekkt, a town of France, in the dc- tianity ; but it is mixed with a great partmtnt of Creufe and late province of many of their own fuperftitions. A great Murehe, felted on the river G,iit;iinpe ; chain of mountains runs aciofs it from E. 35 miles N. E. of Limoges, and 170 S. to W. and it is fubjeft to earthquakes and of Paris. Lon. i. i;6, E. lat. 4(>. 10. N. florms. It is-, however, very fertile, and Gukknsfy, an ifland on the coiil of produces great quantities of chocolate, co- Normandy, ("'lojefV to C^reat Britain. It chintal, and cotton. is naturally Upm^', bciu^ furroundid by Guatimala, a province of N. Ame- high rocks, and i-s \«ell-lituated f ,r trade rica, in New Spain, in the audience of the in time of peace ; and, in time of ivar, to fame name. aiin6y the French with their privateers. Guatimala, a large and rich town It is 10 miles in Icns^th, as much in of N.America, in New Spain, capital of breadth, and contains 10 pariflies. The the province and audience of the fame natives fpeak French, it havini^ been a name, with a billiop's fee, and a univerfity. part of Normandy, and is ftill governed It was fwallowed upby an earthquake, on by the Norman laws. Lon. 1. 37. VV. lat. the 7th of June 1773, when 8000 families 49. 32. N. inftantly periftied. The city has been Gl'ETA, an ancient town of Spain, in rebuilt on a fpot at fome diftance from New Caliile, 60 miles E. of Madiid. the former. Lon. 90. 30. W. lat. 13. Lon. i. 56. VV. lat. 40. 22. N. 40. N. GuiAN'A, a country of S. America, be- GuAXACA, a province of N. America, twccn the rivers Oronuko and Amazon, S3 and ■ f i^ tifics iif ril,Mr-»-i.- _^ cnir.tr>r Jtia dulit ilci^rci;^ "t N. Ut. C vYKVNK ami ScKiN \M. ^' ,\;orM..annvn, bay, nn.lhHrho,. of S Anuric in I'cm. c.p. .1 ... W^.ll.^^U-lofclw.lK^^t•^m^lv.'"'l'• fiX „n>l.hcK..vv,jon>Mi.yal.n,!l:!-; Til Tooth Cart, il.o Cinl.l Caft. VS I M l», Crcat Adra, nn.l lUnin flic l-ucr n,rt is ccmmonly cMlal C^n-". I. i^ liry unhealthy ', r Kunp^nns, thouj^.l. t he nnr-.cs Uve a r,.n(ultra>)lc tn„c. 1 he water is lb baJ, thu it f c mmon !..<• worms orauhiu|..lvcr colour, to hrfcl iKtwecn the f^in ami the tkl .. I he m- h.t,itiiUH in n'-n.r.i\ ff> aln."ft "^''■y'- -"''' thirc Itc.ns u) be httic reht^nn or hmidiy TUc ciimnioOitics luir- I witli -ahars ami pi N. I'', "f ''■''•^ . I..N. , . . a Icaport of S. Ainenci. in n. wcll-ailom is 140 iniks 6. VV. lat.i Gl'IARa. .. -.-, Tfr«Fir,nn,on'ihcc with a market on Saturday. It ">. I*''"-'' rl;icH:;rW.V,nndonthedccv,,vo nf the wal^ arc ftlU «a'.di.,g, The In.n- !"':«.. for .»icc..un,ya.^aernat..l. held here and at Croydon. Tiic V\ iv Sb!c to the Thames, an nvach corn and v.miur are earned npon t. It is 7 mile. S. W.of Khv^don.and 30 3. W.ot GiMi I.A1S, 81. a town "^ Auftr HSiit.in,heprovo.hhipofMon.h,. defended hv iw ilulces, and is Icated • : ."Iniv 1 nd, on the -er ainc, foe miles from M>ns. L'^"' 3- V?- l'-; !'''• ^°- ^^G^itLFSTtiKF,, a town and caOlc in thcAl-s,oncebelon.uv.o.Du,phmy,.n .,nd other nation-, have tatlor.es upou.his co.lUand nurehalc UiiVes and oihcrconi- mod.ucs. There ar" abu.ulanec d hti c, Hates, whofe chiefs tUf ia.lors have dignl- hod ^vith the name e,t kmj^s ; liut there ;,re very few who delervc that title. When they are at w.if «"»' «'»^'' °''>'^''' as thev often are. the pe-plc taken, on both tides, arc fold for Haves ^ and it is not nncomnv.n for the nearell ct kin to Cell cell oth.er. Thotud. they con.e on hoard the ihips naked, tlKV le dom fad ot fteatini? fumcthing or other, th«ugh eser To well watciied. Guim-a,Nkw. an iflrmd ofihc S. Ta- clllc Oce«n,. .0 .1-,. N. of New Hohaiu , from which ir is leparaied )'V b.ndeavo SrrE-it Ti;e 1 nr.tli "f 'bis ftr-'it, from to S. \V. is 10 leai;uts, and us .about five, esecpt at the N. b. cnWancc, v here it is u,nn ailed to fome- hat Ms than two miles, by tue inands, d Prince of Wales' Miaiuls. kxeept this rtrair --I tl,e land ot Cape Deliver- ance, the whole coatt. and the eirci;m,a. cent .nanus. Teem to have been miniue,y exa nined both by the D.nch and Spa- traces of a palTane, between wl cal IG U T |rc.|).iiicr"-f-MInIi". ?t liM 111. ril'ukiitciif tiivir kiiu«, ml" the OKI an'l Niw, I.hii r. r>ri' liiu'iiitiCiiU. it . I'., ut' Lin>un. Lun. S. ii. . N. C4iiiinrv "f Af'ici.of wliitli I ( ^Ti't ijie cimII, iliiiifc 1^ of liiiini I. It Is (liMilcil ,. tr and Upper. 'l"iii» lilt the MihiriKit:! C>nlU the tlio Ci..i, V\h,>l:.li, pn I liiiiin. The i.)vktr iliilily CP-il'-d Ciin'i;o. [i is y 'i r I'.ur<'pi.nns, tiiijii).'Ji the ;i rniiliiUrHbii; tlltie. 'J'tm bi'.il, till' it i» cinin-iiin f.r wliiii. l:l\cr c pjiiur, to lirfcit (kin ;iiul lilt ticili. Tlic iii- . 'ni r.il )M) alni'irt iiai.til, aiid 1) Ik IimIl- rcli^i'iM or luincliy Tlic ciiiniiiiditics ]uir- lie i;iiin-'i,iKC.i, at Scnc- upnii the (iiiiin C(wft ; tie- . iijV'll ill'.' 1' "ih C'cKill ; tlic IV of gi 1'ple tat i.n, on arc foji'i f.ir )l:iv(.s ; aivl it \j nion for the nearcll of kin to ther. 'I'hou.'h they coiiie on hip'. n.ikeil, tl'.ty feldom fail of ntfliiiig or other, though eser cilC'l. , Nkw, an id.irul of ihe S. Pa- ,, ij;e, .1. can I'lavctly be conceived. 'I'Uv c jcoa-iiut, the bread-fruit, iii.l the plantiiiit-iKe, belide moll of iho (rec>, ()iriii», ,uul plaiitk, that are cuiniiion t'} the Souiii Sea idiiui., are found here in the grt ittlt perfection. The iiih.dii- tints make iiuicii cue lame appeara.ice a> tile New IIoll.ilidLr-. GuiNi'.^Mi', ii town I f France, in tiic dr.'pirtnitnt or the N rih Co.iil and late tirovince of lireta^^iie, zsi iiiiieb W. of I'aris. I.oii. 1. ^fi. VV. iat. 45. 16. N. Gi'ii't.'.fo.s, apiivince in tl'.e N. o( Spain, bounded n<) tlie 1''.. by !].i!(|iie>; on the N. by li.e u^e.in ; on liie W by Itil- cay ; and on the S. by N.ivarre. T ilwl'a ii the capitiil. CJl'i .K,a ('mall town of France, in the dLp.iltiiieiit of Aline, wiih a liroiii^ eaftie, It lied on the river Oi'.e, is miles N. li, of Si.Qj^ien;in, and i)S N. K. of I'aris. Lon. 3. 4i, E. i.it. 41). :;4. N. UUN Okl.KINUKN, 4 tOkVIl oF Citr- many, in Su.ibia, witii acnfile; (Vated on" the Danube, 15 iniLii froia Uliti. l^oii. 10. 14.. K. Ut. 4S. j6. N. "■ Gl.siodh, one of the Northern Circars, in the peninl'.ila of HindoolKin. (t is alio c.illed Mortiiia^ i;;.ir ;md C niti. \ir, and leeupiej the Ip.iee between Coni d.ipilLi, tlie I'oiirheriiiiuUt of the foartii^- liili Cirtars, and liie N. part of tiie C.ir- n ilic ; extendiiij; more than ;o mileoali/iig the bay of Hernial. Ahlio'l;, li the niai'i- tinie parts of this tire ir are liat and open, the initrior parts contain luine very Ikn ng fortrcfl'es and prM . Jt is I'ubjLCt to the ui/.ini of the Deciaii. Gi-.\ rsiiKKc;, a lo^vn of Gtrmnnv, in Suabia, and in the marjiravjte of IJur- j; iw ; I'eaied on the Danube, 16 luiles N. E. of Uhti. Lon. 10, tj. E. lat. 4S. 3 -,. N. Ctu.n' r/i;viiAUsbs, a town of Ger- many, in Franconia, li.e miles from Wtil- ftMiburj; ; I'eattd on the river Aiiinul, near a foreft, and (ubjett to the kini^ of I'iuHia. GuKK, a town of Germany, in Carin- tliia, with a billiop's fte ; feated on the river (nirk, 55 miles E. of Salt^burg. Lon. 14. iS. E. lat. 47. 12. N. GusTROW, a conliderablc town of Germany, in the ducli" of IVIeckltnburfC, with a magnificent ca,. -'ure the dukes relide. Jt is ?; miles .;. iv. of Schwtrin. Lon. II. 13. E. lat. 53. 57. N. GuTTA, a town of Hungary, feated on the ^. Tide of the Danube, oppofue the s ' . "■ . ", ._ -- H A C illanil of Sthii', 1^ niiln R. 'f PrcHurg. Lmi. 17.47. K. kit'. 4'i. ic. N. Gu.:iHAr, 4 puiUiluU of Uindoo- ftaii l'ii,.pir, al)« 111 too iiiilei lon^', ,ind MO bi-jid, iWuK I by tl:e Ar.,i.:an St* and !.''.e j^uli. nf C.ni.luy and Ciitth. Th« weilcfn p.irt* Of tliij pciiiii'ul.i lu' III nil). tiiiii'iin and wo'idy, iiilitbiicd bv n wild hardy ruLtf, and governed by r.ij.dn of thurown. liutthe lar^.-.'.t and linell p.irt It in: liidid wkliin the txfer.l'ive emjjire III liie M.diratf IN i and is di\ijed lict \cea twoof i,i-.ir tiiieli, the I'aiihuv aid Fiitry S;ii ; G.Mfuar. Aiuedaoad is ilit. c pital. Ga.m.iuu, ,iit iiiieiint aid cele« l>Mtt 1 f. I'rcl'. of Hinduoftan I'.-.'itr, in till- province o,"' Go,iuJ. Jt ll.md^ on a v.il io,,k, ab'.uf lour imLs in lentjih, but n.MMAv and of iineiaal brci;!!)!, and ne.oly iKu on the fp. Fhe lidn arc fo •.L-jp i< 10 appear alniull perpcad.euUr in c.erypirt j for where it was nor natii- lally (o, ii Ins ben iVrapid aw.iy ; and the heij'.iit from the pi in beljw, is from 170 to f): fwtt. 'J"he iiUjiarc coiiformii to the e-lf-e of the jirceij ite all around ; an! the only cntranc; is by il -ri, running lip the lidj of the rock, dufeiM d on the lide next the cc intry by a w-'i and ba- llMn'-. 'J'he area wltlvn ;, tuli of noblff buildini^s icllrvoir .)f water, ue!k, and ciiliiv.vte.l land; fo that it is a litile diC- trii'.t within itlVlf. At the N. \V. foot of tlie nioantiin is the 'own, pretty lar^e, and wtll.i)'ji:r, the houl'cs allot hone. In a wo.d, ti.is place is confidtred .is the C>ib. raLi,.rof the Lid. Jt wa- taken, how- ever, in 17SJ, by major J'opluim, who pirtormed thi, e.ijd' it by an nnexpirted nocturiiul tiealade, Givaliur^is So tniles S. of j\i'ia, Gyki-okn, a town of Germany, In the circle of Lower S.ixony, and duchy of Lunenburg ; I'eaied on the rivers .Aller and J fa, 2 ; miles N. of Brunfwick. I^on. 10. 41;. E. lat. 52, 4!). N. a HAAO, or irAt;, a town of Ger- many, in the duchy of Bivaria, leated on a lull, on the river Inn, 30 miles E. of Munich. Lon. 12. 1^. E, lat. aS. Hacha, a feaport of S. America, in Terra Firnia, at the mouth of a .ivcr of the fame name. Kvre the SpuiKh jjalleong touch at their ;■ ;v.d in S. America, and hence exprelTes are lent to all the fettle- nicnts, to give tlijiii notice of it. Lon, 74. o.\V. lat, ti. 30. N. ' IIack.vev, a rich and populous vi!. S4 bi^e g? ) : ;i ' . i i-t-i, ' rtU> i '-V.i i .'jiai ' .,-y- ^ ' ' . ■ : ■ ''' ■- ' ' ■ ■-. — f\ H A li 'ag« to tlie N. E. of London. The parifti roiitiins t!ip himlets of Upper and Lower Ciapton, Doriefton, Sliackle\vell,and Ho- mcrton. This village wus the rir(l.near Londfin, that was accommodated with carriages for occafional pufitneers ; and hence the origin of the tiame or the hack- ney-coaches of London. Haiiamau, a town of Germany, in Weteravia, with ahandfome caftle ; feated nenr the river Elfs, ii miles N. W. of Mentz. Lon. 8. o. E. lat. 50. 13. N. H A n I) I N G T o N , a populous borough of Scotland, hi the county of the fame name. It is feated on the Tync, to the inunda- tions of wliich it has been fometimes fub- jeft. The Francifcan mor.aftery here has been a very handfome building. Part of it is occupied as a narilh cliurch. At a fmall diftanccare the ruins of a nunnery, founded in 117S. Haddingion is 18 n»ilcs E. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 39. W. lat. 55. 58. N. * IlADDINOTONSHtKE, Of EaST LoTi!i/.N, a county of Scotland, bound- ed on i.ne ^V. by Edinburghfliire, on the N. by the friih of Forth, on the E. by til German Ocean, and on ilie S. by the coun'v of Berwick. It is atiout 15 miles long trorr. E. to W. and 1 5 miles where broadeft. A gres' tract of this county, extending tu the S. and E. is for the moft part rhamp.iign, and very fertile and beautiful. The foil if, in many places, doubly produftive. Rich crops are raifed on the iui''ace; and the mines of coal are inexhauflible. The iVuthern part of this county is very mountamniis, coinprthend- ing ilie N. f' le of Lammermuir Hills. Theft high grounds, however, feed many llucp. Haderslebek, a feaport of Den- mark, in the duijiy of Sld'wick, wnh a flrong citadel, built on a fmall ifland, in a bay of the Baltic, i miles E. of Ripen. Lor. 9. CO. E. lat. 55- >8- N. Haidhramut, a town and province of Arabia Fili34, usn.iks W. ut Careffcn. L(-n.4<;. 30. E.lat. 1 ■;. o. N. IlADLKipH, a village in EITcx, near Prittlewcll. It had anciently a caftle, of which there arc fomc conlldcrable ruins. It is fituated on ihc brow of a fteep hill, on the channel of the Thames between Canvey liland am! ihe /hore, Hadlev, a large town in Suffolk, with a market on Monday. It is feated nn the river Prefton, ar.d has a very hand- fome church. Large quantitits of yarn are fpun here for the Norwich manufac- ture i and this town had once a confider- ablc woollen manufafturc, whicK is now decayed. It is jo miles S. E. of ^ury, k "^ '^ HAT ^'^"' and 64 N. E. of London. Lon. i. f, E. lat. 52. 10. N. '* Hadley, a village in Middlefex, N. of Barnet. Over the W. door of tb" church is the date 1498, and the fculpturc of a ro'"e and wing. On the top of tho flecple, which command* a beautiful view of Effex, is an iron pitch-pof, originally placed there as a beacon. ' Hacgarstown, e fjourifliing in- land town of Maryland, in N. America, fituated in the beautiful and well cultivated valley of Conegocheague. It carries on a confidertMe trade with the weftem country. Hagiar, a town of Arabia, 87 miles N. of Medina. Lon. 39. i^.JE,. lat. 25. 30. N. Hague, The, a town of the United Provinces, in Holland, which may compare with the handfomeft cities in Europe, with regard to extent, the number and beauty of its palaces, its ftreets, its agreeable walks, and its great trade. It is feated two miles from the fea, and there is a pavement acrofs the fand hills, with trees on each fide, which leads to Scheveling, on the fea- /hore. The ancient counts of Holland re- fidcd here ; and though it is 500 years ago, the wood-work of the palace is flill found. The ftadtholder of the United Provinces rcfides, and the ftates-general afTcmble here. In fhort, it is the court, though not the capital, of the United Provinces. As it is not walled, and fends no deputies to the ftates, it is called a vill.ige only. In a wood near this place, the prince of Orangq has a palace, called the Houfe in the Wood. The Hague is 10 miles N. W. of Rotterdam, and 30. S, VV. of Amfterdara. Lon. 4. 23, E. lat. 52. 4.N. Haguenau, a town of Frar , in the department of Lower Rhine ano .ate pro- vince of All'ace. It was formerly a free imperial city -, but it was taken by thfi French in 1673. The great generafMonte- cuciilli was obliged to raife the ficgt of it in 1675. It was fcveral times taken and retaken in the riiblcquent wars ; the laft of all by the French in 1706. It is feated on the river Motter, which divides it into two parts, II miles N. of Strafburg, and 2.SS £• of ?aris. 'Lon. 7. 53. E. lat. 48. 4/. N. Hailbron, a handfome, Hrong, and free imperial town of Germany, in the duchy of Wirteniburg. The inhabitants, who are Proteftants, derive a great advan- tage from the baths near it, whence the town has its name, which fignifivs the fountain of health. It is feated on the Ncckar (over which is a (lone bridge), i.c Jlllhl HAT ^"^' . of London. Lon. i, S, E. In. -EY, a village in Middlefex, ef. Over the W. door of th- ic date 1498, and the fculpture Ind wing. On the top of tho hich commands a beautiful view Is an iron pitch-por, originally \e as a beacon. lARSTOWN, r. flourifliing in- lof Maryland, in N, America, [the beautiful and well cultivated Conegocheague. It carries JdertSle trade with the weftera R, a town of Arabia, 87 miles :dina. Lon. 39. 25. £. lat. 25. ■, The, a town of the United , in Holland, which may compare iandfom>.>ft cities in Europe, with :xtent, the number and beauty of , its ftreets, its agreeable walks, eat trade. It is feated two miles Tea, and there is a pavement fand hills, with trees on each :h leads to Scheveling, on the fea- 'he ancient counts of Holland re- 'e ; and though it is 500 years wood-work of the palace is flill rhe ftadtholder of the Unit?d i rcfidcs, and the ftates»general here. In fhort, it is the court, not the capital, of the United s. As it is not walled, and fends lies to thi; ftates, it is called a nly. In a wood near this place, e of Orange has a pnlace, called e in the Wood. The Hague is 10 W. of Rotterdam, and 30. S. ir.fterdara. Lon. 4. 23. E. lat. 52. EN AU, 'a town of Frar -, in the nt of Lower Rhine anci .ate pro- All'ace. It was formerly a free city ; hut it was taken by thft z 1673. The great genera^ Monte- as obliged to raife the fitgc of ic It was fcveral times taken and n the lubltquent wars ; the laft the French in 1706. It is fcatcd ivcr Motter, which divides it into i, 12 miles N. of Strafburg, and /f Paris. "Lon. 7. 53. E. lat. 48. BRON, a handfome, Crong, and lerial town of Germany, in the • Wirtemburg. The inhabitants, Proteftants, derive a great advan- m the baths near it, whence the 5 its name, which fignifies the of health. It IS feated on the (over which is a {lone bridge), i.c H A I miles N. E. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. t;. E. lat. 4q. 19. N. Haimbcrg, an ancient town of Ger- many, in Lower Auftria, on the Danube, 10 miles W. of Prelburg, and 2^ E. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 5S. E. lat. 48. ii. N. Hain, a town of Germany, in Mifnia, in the circle of Upper Saxony. It has a manufaftory of cloth, and is feated on ti river Rhedar, 12 miles N. W. of Drefden. Hainan, a confid>rable ifland of Afia, belonging to China, to the N. of the gulf of Cochin-China, and to the S. of the province of Canton, from which it is 12 miles diftant. It is 400 miles in circum- ference. The ioilof iliu N. part is level ; but in the S. M\d E, are mountains, a- mong which are vallies that^roduce two crops of rice every year. The inhabitants are moftly a wild fort of pcopJe, and great cowards, for 50 Chinefe will pur 1000 of them to flight. In j^eneral, they arc a fhort and deformed peoplo, and the colour of their (kins is reddilii. They are clothed from the wailt downward only, and p.iint their faces like other favages. There are mines of gold and lapis lazuli, which !5lt is carried to Canton, to paint the porcelain with. It produces the fime fruits as China, befide fugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo. Among the animals is a great blacic ape, with features refembling ihole of the human face ; but they are verv fcarce. The common fort of ayes are gray, and very tigly. Some of the inha- bitants of the feacuail have fubmitted to the Chinefe, Hainault, a province of the Nether- lands ; bounded on the N. by Brabmt, on the N.'W. by Flanders, on the VV. by Artois, on the S- by Cambrefis, Picardv, and Champagne, and on the E. by the territory of Liege, and the cjunty of Na rour. it is divided into Auftrian Hain- ault, of wliioh the capital is Mons , Hn^ of {nm ■ f the prin- (ciprti gentlemen ^nd lauii-s vt tlie coinuy, fpkrfh fu^nd thiii tree, at curtain Rnei •.W*iirts«* -- H A L limes, dreffed in elegant unifortni, and at. tended by a band of mufic. Hainburg, a town of Germany, in Audria, on the Danube, 35 miles E. of Vienna. Lon. 17. i8. E. lat. 4S •. N. HALBERSfADT, a handfom. .wn of Germany, in the circle of Lowci Saxony, and capital of a principality of the (arae name. It was formerly capitJl of the bi- (hopric of Halberftadt, now fecularized. The cathedral is a fuperb ftruflure, with a fine peal of bells ; and there are two rctru- lar abbics withtn the town, and one wuh- out. There are alio two nunneries. The Jews arc tolerated here, and carry on a great trade ; and the inhabitants brew ex- cellent beer. It is fubjeit to the king of Prullia, and is feated on the river Hot- heim, 32 miles S. E. of Brunfwick. Lon- 1 1. 24. E. lat. 52. 6. N. Haldf.nstef.v, a free and indepen- dent barony of the country of the Griibn*. It c( nlifts of a ("mall lemrircu.'sr pkin, w.iich lies between the Rhine and the foot of Mount Calendar, about Hve miles in length, and fcarcely one in breadth. It occupies alio part of the mountain, which is (o ftecp as not to be inhabited. It con- tains only two villages, Haldcnftein and Sewils ; and the waole number of the bi;on's fubjcds docs not exceed 400. Thi ancKnt caftie is now in ruins ; but the b^ron refutes in a houfe, built in 1545, wmch commands a fine view of the towa of Coirc and the adjacent country. Hal:-n, a town of Auftrian Brabant, on ti.u river Geet, 24. miles VV. of Mae- ftriihr. Lon. 5. 4. E. lat.50. 5S. N. H.'.i.EvOwE.v, a t.i vn in Shrop iiire, i.icioled by Worceffterlhire, fix miles E, of Stomori -^ t. Haleswokth, a town in Suffolk, with a mark! t on Tuefday. It is feated on a neck .>f l.ind, between two branchc* of the river Hlvili, is a thriving place, and has a trade in linen-yam and fail-cloth. About the town is raifed a great deal of hsmp. It is 28 miles N. E. of Ipfwich, and 101 N. E. of London, Lon. i. ao E. lat. 52. 25. N. ■-. ^ Halibut Island, an ifland in the N. Pacific Ocean, fo named by captain Coolc' in his laft voyage, on account of the num- ber of filh of that name they c.iught here foinc (jf which weighed upward of a hun- dred pounds, and none lefs thrin twenty. It is feven leagues in circumferviitc, and ve- ry low andUrren. Lon. 164. 15. W lat 54^5. N. tlALiFAX, a town of Nova Scotia, in N.' America, on Chcbui'to B.iy. It .'1. a good harbour, large and fafe enough to iJielter I- H !( « I UAL CMtrr a rnusHron of il,ip co,um..cii.mt:v fruaicl U.r ihc f, i.crv, -^■^nuUsN. K.cif Ntvv York. Lou. (.3. llAUFAX, a town m the W. riJ.mg of Tork.hue, With a maiket ;n hMuuUy. li ,s lc;ued m » hiily country, <)t rather difficult a.cfs but liillof r^/'pl^- ^'^ tilt treat it>arket£or Hurts, luch as (ha- U-,ns. c-lamancos, cvcrUiliniis, &;c. U has ; ar.c marka-houlc, called Tl;e New I^ccc'Hall. as w.U as varM.us others for particular s;'.ods. It ts a very largep.jri h, Ldcor.u.us ..cl...p.Uofey.-, a.t.i up- ^,ni..f .'-.ooo...hahuat>ts T he town . gooA lUctis and is 40 m.k. U . h.\\. ot Vovk. and .07 N. by W . ot Lond.:l. Tlxuri. a town of PoUnd, cap.r.I of « tiirritorv <^filit lame name, in Red Knl- L, wuhacaaU Ui^leatcdonthenvcr Dntcfter, 4ftm.Uii..otUuaHUfe. Loa. ,- in. E. lat. 40- lo.t*. Halu^nd, aprovmce of Cxhlam', m J..v«dtn. on the W. co.rt ot tnat b^- i„„,. It is 60 mile, aloni^ thecea!l,_bu. HAM i ^« y s "i ;- *^" W lotnileiS. of Tirkmont. Lon. 5. i?. L. lat. so. 4i. ''^- , . r ■• Halmsiadt, a ftrotig (caport ot Sweden, capital of the province ot Hal- land, lituaied onabay of the North Sc^So iiuies S. S.I"., of Gotheburg. Lon. 12. 4S. K lat. 5('- 39- N. lL\i.srK.M', a town in hllex, "ith a market on I'ridav. It has lonsi; had a Iharc in the manui'aiHory of bays iiid lays ; a.ul is feated on the declivity of a hiil, at tne foot of \vlli'--!i runs the river Coin, t6 s^^t above 12 in breadth. HilmlUdt is ^^n^:STO.,-o.vnofLc,cc.erfiurc. Juh « market on Thuvlday. It .s . . wiles S. E of Leiceller, ane 90 N. by t.. pf L„nd t«^^" of Germany, m the ,rchbiOM,pric of Saiv/burg; leated on the ,kcr baltza. among the mountains, whcre- l^are iirnes of fait, which arc^ the hui re-hrs of tiie town and country, it is fcven miUsS.,E.-t laU^bari^. Lon. 13- *'i:Ui,i Kii'V V\own'or Aufti-ian Brabant, miles N. of Chelm-sford, and 47 N- K- of London. Lon. o. 4=- ^- 1^'- ?'• ?''• ^'•. Uai,i KKKN, a town of Germany, in the ijulmpric of Munlkr ; feated on the r^v.rLippe, 2;m;U:i S. W. of Munller. Lv.n. r. 17- l''"!«- -,'•+--'. N. HAl.lVVHlsrl.H, a We.l-L.Ul!t townot Northumberland, whole marka is dil- ii'td. It is 37 m'l" W. of Ncwcaltle, i.iid ?> ; N- 'N- '^^'- '^t" Loiuloii. Lun. 2. i .. L. Ui. r- 2- ^'- , ,.. . , IIai.va, a town of Atrica, m 'he kingd' !Ti of Fez, I'cated on the river Cc- bu,''eiilit miles from Fei.- Lon. 5. 5. W ■ kit. 3f. 3Z. N. HAiM, a firing town ot Cicrmany, in Weftpiialia, capital of the county of M.nxk. Itlslctcdun the river Lippc, 24 miles S.of Munlier. Lun. ':. =;o. K. lat. >i. 30- N- H vM, a town of France, in tne depart- ment of liomme and late province ot Pi- cardy, I'eatcd 0:1 the riv.r Somme, lo miles M. of Koyon, and 43 N. ot i'aris. Lon. 3.6. K. lat. 49- 45- N- U-vM, a vilb.'^c in Surry, between 1 c- terlham and Rint;!^^!, the houl'es ot which furn.und a plealaiit common. Near it is 11am HoulV, the feat or the earl ot; Dy- f.rr, and Ha^-n Walks, celebrated oy Thomfon and others. This village, wlucii is a hamUt to Kiugllon, is 1 1 mues \V . S. W. of London. * Ham, WtsT, a village ot LI.lx, vvhert arc the remains of an optueiu ao- bfcv, fo'jnded in Ii3';- This village is feated on the river Lea, about four milts E. bv r-. of London. . * Ham, Last, a village m LiUx, adioinine to Weft Ham. L. this panlli is a Iprinsr called Millers Well, the excellent Nvater of whicli ha's never been known to freeze, or to vary in its height. A part of Kent, in the parilh of Woolwich, lies on this \: of the Thames, and dw lues tiic nanii. of Eaft Ham fr.mthat river. Ham AH, a large townof Aha, in Syria, feated amon? the hiils. _ Tlie houfcs be- ing built on "the afcwtot a kill, one above an' )tlier. make a very agreeame appt-ar- ancc. ISlafiv of the Dclt houlcs arc halt ruined ; buc ihofe that are ftiU Handing, A M --^"""^ irlcmont. Lon. 5. i?. r, a fti'ong fcapnrt of of the pvovinLi; (if H;il- bay of the Nurth Sc:?,8q ■ Gothtburu:. Lon. 12. . N. 1 town in ElTcx, with a . It has !* clofe bv th.. cafle. Mid hlls the dltvhr-. about it, which are cot deu> into th^ ■ lUl rock. The market ^,Ut^ ^re pict.v cood; andih.y ha^ e u trade ' t loun^ t of their own manulartuie. If'- "im^-^'' S. W. of Aleppo. Eon. 3-I' ■--• ^'- ''"• HA-.iAMET, ato-.vt^ af A^ricn, m B.ir- barv, feared tm a .u!t of the ia-..e pa;Tie, 4^'n 's from Tuui.. Lon. 10. i.. 0- lat. ;6. 3^. N. . , HAMAit, a to-vn of Norwiv, m the v.rnment of A-erhu.,, (.c .titles N. .,,». 1 ,. «. E. lat. Co. ti'mpmi'-i, who -ake 't, unu's 'here is any their deterinination. gov c built of black and five pati.lics; snd cut <.f each are formed care < f public Kll • tliivat tuj I'.igh ''.r and then it i- iudiied by a fort of i^emral ailciniilv. 1 i!i a place cf great trade ; ■hch -tiy cairy on w^n-, Portugal. Spain, !"r;ince, Englwd, Denmark, Nrv'.ay, S.vcdcn, Italy, and Rullia. Thcv alf« fend veliVIs every year to Grccnlninl to catch wcaks ; and thc-e are not le!s than :oo '.'lips at a time, belonaing to forciga •.r.evchantv, at anchor bcf(,re ilic citv ; and there is a hiiulfome exchange. The in- habitiints are ail Lurlierins, and none btrt th'j Eiigliih have tnc liberty of perform- ing divine fer^ ice in a chapel of their owp, Odier religions are tolerated at Altena, a lar^e. town near the harbour of Ham- ii. of Ciiiii\iania ^'n^AMllLKnoN Hli.L, in Dorfetlliire, •j i,g, cXv.itt 11. e Jews, who ha^'c no fy- n;.;!;o.;uc. IJefulethc ; princip.il churches, 'hey have 11 fiiialler onus for particular occafions, fome oij which belong to hofpi- t.ils. I'be cathedral of Onr Ladv is a very ioic ftrUiT-ure, and has a chapter, con- futing of 12 canonF, who are all Protcf- ofthc larirci> towns in t mts^ It is -^'^ miles N. E. of Bremeiu at ore end > Canb urn Cha'.c. near Stur- ni'nlkr. Hi;ie was a R nmn cimp, and iflanv R<>n--'ii c"'""* I'^vebeen ''"^i "P- "^ i., the antagonift camp to that ot H g Hill. It extends" eaft and wed tluee q.iirters or amile;an'l he'U-e i'- an cmnlive view ot the \ale of Bl.ic'smorc. H ^iMiuiu;, Germ.nv. c-nh.ii.ig of th. Old lo'.vn and the New Tcwn; both nearly of an equal fi/.e. Moft of the houles arc l^nllt after the manner of ihe Dutch, an . ricu.v furnilhed within. The princpa itrects ..r the Old Town have long and broad ca- nals, u hich are liUcd twice every 14 li'"i's bv the tide. Tiiele are not on.y uletul for trade, but ferve to keep tue ..or,!es and the Ifrcets clean. It is k-utd on too river Elbe, which is of vaft advantage 10 ti-" inhabitants; and on the iide ot Hoi- liun is the Al»':r, whicn, betore it enters the town by lUiiccs, forms a fine ba!:n ,1,nr cannot be equalled in Germinv. Hamburg is well torti.ied. and on the rampirts are hancii'ome walks. The burgb- ers mount guard thcmfelves. and are divided inio feveral c mpanies. 1 he fti-cets are well lighted every night ; and Lon. Q. ;;. E. lat. 53. 34- >J- _ H '.MiiiuuRdH, a town of Germany, in branco-iia, and in the territory of the abbey of I'uld ; fcated on the river Saab, >-', u'liles 8. E. of Fuld. Lon. 10. 12. E, fit. 50. i6. N. H vMiii IK, a ftr ng town of Germany, in the rtuc'iy of Caleliberg, at the extrc" iiiiiy of ti.e duchy of Briinl'wiik, of whiih it is the key. It is finiated at the con- Uue-'ce of tlie Hanul and W'c cr. :? milt* S. VV. of Hanover. Lon. g. j6. E lat. 51 O.N. Hamh-TOV, a town of I.,anfl-.flure, in S'.otl md, V hii-h contai-is many hand- Ibmc houfes, with the ruins (;f a collcgidte church, founded in i4S'' Near this town is Hamilton Houfe, the magnificent feat of the duke of Hamilton, feated between the Clyde and Avon, ^1 '. furrounded by ftreeis are well ^&^'ll;-''^y"^f"^ -,, ;,„,,,ble oaks. The town alfo is fuuated : r*;^: ^':%^:^::^]£:"^^ o„theClvde^.miks .. E^otGlalgow. tjSn \.wi:^ ^^^^^^ -"• there Middlefex. m the parilh otFiilh.m f.atr ^r ope as plavs, airemWies. balls, con- miles W. ol London, and a httle tothe N. cer's, maliiuerades, and other parties of of the Tnames picafurc f-.>r their diverfion. The fenate ifcd of four burgo- HAMMKi<^TK,I^I. a fortrefs of Ger- many, ui)on the Rhine, oopofite Coblentz, belm^ing to the eicflnr ot Trev(S._ HvMi/N' r. a town ot Germany, in the biihopric .^f Liege, 17 miles VV. of Rure- mond. Lon. t,. 31. E. lat. 51. 17- N. Hami'shikf, Hants, or South- am pros', a coiinty of England, bounded irf this town is compo.-- . . ui^flers, of whom one only is a trade I - man ; four fvndics ; i4 fenators, ot whom ,, are men of letters, and the reft tradel- mer ; four fecrctarles, one of whom is a prothonotarv, and another belongs to the arrhives ■ It) that the whole fenate conlifts .•, , ■■ ~ s ,-" t- u c S 36 perflins! The :owa is divided into on the N. by Berks, on the E. by Sua^ H AM '"^■"""T HAN „^ Suffer, on tht South by the Englifh Ch.rnel. and on the W. by ^-f^^";'- and Wilts. Ii exttnib, exclul.vc of the T«e of Wielit, 41 miles from ^. to &. iHdilSE-toW. It is divided. mo 39 hundreds, at»d contains one city, lo market -towns, and 253 Pf'^esi and S. with the Ifle of W.ght .6 mem. £„ to parliament. It .s one of the moft ^rceablc. fertile, and populous count.s i^ England. The air, m the higher pa ... is clear and pure; toward the lea. lu.ld, and inclined w moifture Its produ«s are the fined corn (efpeca y wheat) hops, cattle, fheep, wc«l. excellent bacon honey, and timber. For the laft it has been particularly famous, on account of its great woods, of which «l^« P"f' P/^Ya The New Foreft. and the foreft of Eall Bere. The principal rivers are the Avon. Teft, Itchen. and Stour. Tr„u»i hUpshiRF,, New. one of the Unn d States of North America, bounded on the N byCanada;ontheN.E. bythepro- ViJofMainjoatheS.h. bytheAt- lantic Ocean 5 on the S. bv iMaffachufcts ; IndontheW.andN. W. bythenvcr Connefticut, which feparates it from Ver- TOont. It is divided into the tive coautu^s of E ncham, Stafford, Hillhorough, Che. Sand Grafton. The hnd near the ea i generally low, but, advancmg into the country, it r^fes into h,lls. The a,r I ferene and healthful ; the weather not fo fubieft to variation as m the more fouthern climes. From the vic.mty of Sie mountains, whofe fumm.ts are co- vered with fnow three quarters o the Tear, this country is intenfeiy cold in linter. In fummer the heat .^ great, but of ftort duration. The^ap.tal is f^ortf- "'hampstEAP, a village of Middlefex, formerly famous for its medicinal waters. Itrfeatedon the declivity of a hill, on the ton of which is a fine heath that com- Sand, a delightful prolped of the metro. po1»and all the adjacent country. It is Cr miles N. N. W. of London. . HriiPTo;, a town in Gloucefterft.re, viSia marketon Tuefday. It « feated S the Cotefwold Hills, .4 "•!" S. of Gioucefter, and 90 W. of London. Lon. . tc W lat. (I. 36- N. *-h';mptoN,\ feaport of N^Arnenca, in New Hamplhire, 40 miles N. of Bof- V. fn Henrv VI II. The buildings, |::es,"Xr'kSt"-WchkingWil. Era made many additions, are 4 miles in circumference, and feated on the N. fid< of the Thames, 14 miles S. W. o| Lon- don. Lon. o. 9- W. lat. 51. i^ N. Hanau, ahandfomi- and ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, capital of a county of the fame name. It belongs to its own prince. It is divided into two towns, the 01'. and th« New, and is feated near the river Maine, iS n;les N. E. of DarmRadt. Lon. 8. 55. E. lat. 49. 56. N. Hanau, the county of, bounde-i on the E. by the county of Rhinec and the territory of FuUl ; on the W. by the coun- lies of VVeiiTemburg and Solms; and on the N. and S. by the territories of Mentz and Francfort. It is 4'! miles in length, but its brtadth is fmail. Its foil is very fruitful. Hanover, a town of Germany, capi. tal of the king of Great Britain's German dominions. The eleftors rclidcd here before George I. afcende' the Bntilh throne. The regency is adminiftcred m fame manner as if the fovereign were nnfent. It is a lar^e wcU-built town, and well foriiiicd. The eftablifhed rdigion is the Lutheran ; but the Roman Catholics are tolerated, and have a handfome church. It has fulferc>i ^-rcatly by the French, who eot poffeilwn of it in 17 57 J'^ut they were loon after expelled. Hanover is noted for a particular lort of beer, reckoned excel- lent by the people ot this eleftorate. It is feated or tne river Leiha, which divides it in two ; i 5 miles VV.of Brimfwick. Lon. ,0. ■;.£. lat. 52. 2;. N. Hanover, an eleftorate of Germany, which comprehended, at firft, nothing but the county of Lawenroad 5 but now >t contains the duchy of Zell, Saxe-Lawen. burg, Bremen, Lunenburg, the ^nna- pality of Verden, Crubenhagen, and Ober- wald. George I. king of Great Britam, was the firft that gained polTelfionof all thele (tates. which lie moftly between the ri- vers Wefer and Elbe, and extend »oo miles in length from S. W.but Ae breadth is different, being in fome daces 150, miles, and in others but 50. Ttieir pro- duce is timber, cattle, hogs, mum, beer, and bacon i a little filver, copner, lead, iron, vitriol, brimftone, quickfilver, and """KovER, a fins large ifland, oppo- fite the N. W. extremity of New Ireland. It is high, and covered with trees, among which ire many pUntations, P^fenf^g » very beautiful appearance; a"** «'"*"'; the? weftward, in lon. .47' E. h« the Admiralty Islands, between .0 and 30 in number, many of them of confider- able extent. HanUYB, mamummmmmm IAN -^ nd featcd on the N. fid< 14 miles S. W. of Lon- . \V. lat. si.zi;. N. indfomi- and ftrong town the circle of the Lower if a county of the fame igs to its own prince. It vo towns, the 0\1 and th« ed near the river Maine, of DarraRadt. Lon. 8. ,6. N. county of, boundeH on ounty of Rhinec and the I ; on the W. by the coun- iburg and Sohns ; and on v the territories of Mentz It is 41; miles in length, is fmail. Its foil is very a town of Germany, capi. )f Great Britain's German 'he eleftors rclidcd here I. afcende' the Britifli regency is adminiftered in tr as if the fovereign were l;iri;e well-built town, and The eltabliflied religion is but the Roman Catholics lid have a handfome church. greatly bv the French, who tit in ,757 j'but they were Ucd. Hanover is noted for rt of beer, reckoned excel- iple ot this eleftorate. _ It is iver Leiha, which divides it les VV.of Brunfwick. Lon. ;2. 2;. N. an eleftorate of Germany, lended, at firft, nothing but Lawenroad; but now it ichy of Zell, Saxe-Lawen^ 1, Lunenburg, the princi- :n, Crubenhagen, and Ober- e I. king of Great Britain, It gained poflelfionof all thefe lie moftly between the ri- jnd Elbe, and extend »oo 1 from S. W.but ffie breadth being in feme places 150, others but 50. Their pro- r, cattle, hogs, mum, beer, a little filver, copper, lead, brimftone, quickfilver, and , a fins large ifland, oppo- '. extremity of New Ireland. 1 covered with trees, atnong inv pUntations, prcfenting a 1 appearance ; and ftiH fur- d, in lon. 147' E. ha the V Islands, between 10 and ■, many of them of confider- Hanuys» H AR H A XV A" Hamitvk, a town of Auftrian Brabant, 20 miies S. 1\. ef Lo; vain. I. on. 5. ib. E. lat. so. 4!- N. HAPAtt, the n;ime of four ot xne Friendly Idamls ui the S. Pacific Occm. They are of litniUr height and appear- ance, and connc«td by a reef ot coral rocks, dry at iow w.itcr. The plant.uions are very numerous and ottnfive ; nnJ Ibme of them arc indol'ed in iuch a man- ner, that the fences, running parallel to tlAC ,.... — . that' would' appear ornamental in coun- alft.u!t ui 14'? mil-,' of the fame name in England. It il 12 miles S. of Caen. U AKDtRWicK, a town of the UnUed Pr.^vinces, in Giil.lerland, with a univer- fitv. It is fentci! on the Zuider-zec, js miles E. of AuificiJam. Lon. 5. 40. E. lat. 51 2^. N. Ha HK I EUR, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine and late pro- vince of N;s. Flaiulers, on the river Lis 3 rnucs N. E. IIapsal, a leaport of the irovcrnment of Couitray. Lon. 3. 29. E. lat. 50. 52. N. of Revel, or Efthunia, in the Ruilian em- HAai.iCH, a town uf Mtri. ncthfliire, pire. It' is featcil on the Baltic, five miles with a market on Saturday, It is feated S W of Rtvtl, oppofite the iiland of on a rock, on the rtailioic, and but a poor Dago.' Lon. 22. 47. E. bt. 59. 4- N. place, tl.ough the county town, and |;o- Hapsburu, an ancient cai'tlc, new in vcrned by a mayor, &c. It is diftm- ruins, on a lofty eminence, near the town guiilied by a caftle built by Edward I. of Schintznach, not far from the river which is almoft entire. It is 223 miles Aar, in the canton of Bern, in SwilTer- W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. 6. W. land. This place was the cradle, as it lat. 1,1. 54. N. were, of the houfe of Aullria, whofe an- IlAKt.tM, a large and populous town ceftors may be traced liack to the begin- of the United Provinces, in Holland, me- nineof the 13th century, when they were morable for the fiege it held out againft no more than fimple barons of Swifier- the Spaniards in 1573, for ten months; land; and this calUc commands an un- the tuwnfmen, before they capitulated, bounded view over hills and dales, plains being reduced to eat the vileft animals, and forclls, rivers and lakes, towns and and even Icatlier and grals. The church, villages, mountains and Alps, emblems which is the largcft in Holland, is adorned of that extent of power to which the ta- with the hnctt organ in Europe. It con- Icnts of one man, who derived his title fills of 8000 pipes; the largcft 3S feet from this caftle (Rodolph count of Hapl". long, and 16 inches m diametf.r ; and i)urg) raifed hirafclf and his defcendants. there are 68 flops, of which the moft What is left of this caftle IS now inhabited wonderful is the vox humana. Harlem by the family of a peafant. There is is feated on the lake of the fame name j another caftle of the fame name, near the and to the S. of the town is a wood, ciit lake of Lucern, which fome authors into delightful walks and viltas. Thispl^c have erroneoufly afferted to be that from claims the invention of printing ; and, which the counts derived their title. See in faft, the tirft attempts in the art ar* Germany. indifputably to be attributed to Lauren- Harborough, Market, a town of tius Coftai, a magiftrate of the city. Itis Leicefterfliire, with a market on Tuef- fituated 10 miles W. of Amfterdam. Lon^ day. It is feated on the river Welland, 4. 38. E. lat, 52. 24. N. which feparates it from Northampton- * Harlem MfcRE, a lake of Holland, fhire, and is 14 miles S. of Leicefter, and near Harlem, aoout 14 miles long and the 83 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 52. fame broad. It lies between Leyden, W. lat. 52. 28. N. Harlem, and Amfterdam; and is naviga- Harburo, a town of Germany, in ble, but fubjcit to dangerous ftorms; on the duchy of Lunenburg, with a ftrong which account, the canals from Lcyikn to caftle feated on the Elbe, oppofite Ham- Amfterdam were made, as a fafer though burg, 37 miles N. W. oF Lunenburg, more tedious palTagc. Harcouut, a town of France, in the Harleston, a town '^i Norfolk, with dcpartipent of Calvados and late provmce a large market on Wtdnefday. Jt is of Normandy. Hence a late noble fa- feated on the river Waveney, 16 miles S. ttily in France derived their ducal title ; of Norwich, and 100 N. E. of London, id hence oriE-inally came the noble fa- Lon. i. 20. E. lat. 52, 16; N. • Har- f and hence originally H A R I! irARiiVO, a tovn in NorWV, with a inail.ct (Jii Tutldav. It is fuaiid on a ri- yulc', and tht mnrket is chit.Hy for linen- cloth. It K A pretty, nciit. gcntcci toA'n, but has no church, anJ unly a liiiall chapel in the niiildlc of the pi.icr, and a prcfjjy- tcrian mcttin^i^-iioulV. It inaniif.irturts a little lincn-clfjth, snd is 24 iriilfs S. VV. of Ni)rvvich, and bli N. E. of London. II ARf, iNi.KV, a fcaport of the United PrcviHtes, in Kiicfliind, of ,vliich, next to LcwardLti, it is the iarsjcH and mod populiir. It is 13 miles V\'. of Le.. ar- t'len. l.on. 1;. i.(. E. lat, 53. 9. N. Hari.ow, a town in Lliex, whrfe market is now dil'iiied ; hut, on a common, two miles from the town, is a famous an- nual fair, on tlic 9th of Septemhi r, f. «- Iicrles, cattle, iScc'. Ft is r, 'led Ilaiiw Du'h Fair, and is tnuch frcci'itntcd by the neiiihhoiiiini; yentry. IJirlow is n miles W. of Chelnuford, and 13 N. (•". of London. Lor. o. 12. E. lat. (;i. 49. N. Haumon' iJSWOUTit, a villa; e in Mid- tllcfex, re iiiiies W. of London, and two E. of Colniirook. It is remarkable for one of tl;c larj_'e!l barns in iMi'^imd, whofe I'upportinij pillars are ot flc Uip- pol'ed to in: of great antKjtiity IIaho, a lei'v n of Spain, in OM Cafiilt, feated on t!ic Kbro, and the chief place ef acoantv. Lon. 2. 23. W.l.it. 22. 40. N. IIakkis. See Lewis. " HAHRofiATK, a village in the W. riding of Ysrklhirc, in the parifh of lLnare(l)oi-out;h, remarkai»Ic for i;s medi- cinal I'prjnHs ; one of v> hicli is the flronseil fulphur water in Great Britain.' Bathing is tile moft general mode of uhne; it; and it is I'uceel'sful in droplical, icort)utic, and jroiifv cafes. The feafon is from May to Miciitifclnia^. ; and the co'tipany affemble and Iodide in five or fix large inns on the heath, a mile from the villaee. each honfe having a long room and an ordinarv. ,'1'hc beft cempanv iifed to lodie at Knarefho- rough, which is three miles olf". Harro- gate is 206 mi'.cs froivi L'.ndon, '■• Hakkow on thf Hii.i,, a village in Middleftx, on the iii.vhcft hill in the county ; on the fiir.imit of which is the cliurcli, with a lofty (pirc. Here is one of the moll ccitbra'-ed fnerolsoola in l'"ng- land, founded hv J>.lr. J' hn Lyons, in the reign of queen Elifaheth. L "row it 10 miles W.N. W. of L'Uidon. HARTF()ni>, a t'ouriiliiiiir commercial town of Conncc'licut, one of the United States of N. Aincrica, feated at tke head of tlie navii,fation on the W. fide of the riner Conncdticur, about !;o miles from Ui' entrance into the Sound. It is divid- HAS rd by a fmall river, with liigh rofMiniie banks. Over this river is a orid^e, con- ne'-tin^ tiie two divifio-is of the town, vvh^cb IS ^oni'lc^W, of Uo!'r:, with a niarl'.et on Ttiefday and I'riday. Jt is feated on a tongue of land, oppolite the united mouths of the Stour ,1nd Orwell It h not very large, but is well inhabited and fii'qucnted, and here the packet-boats are ftationed trat goto ll(;lland. It has a rapacious harbour, and a dock for the building of men of war. Tb.c entrance intothti liarliour is defended by a ftrong fortrefs, called Landguard Fi;rt, which is built on a fandv ]ioint op the Suffolk fide of the water, lut uithln the jurifdnflion of EfTex. Here is only a chapel fit cafe, the mother-church being at Dover-court, two miles diftant. H:r- wich is 4; miles E. by N. of Chelmsford and 72 E. N. E. of London. Lon. i. 25. E. lat. 52. o. -N. H AsLKMtRi;, a fmall borough of Sur- rv, v/ith a market on Tucfday. It is 12 miles S. V,'. of Guilford, and 42 S. W. of L' ndon. Has! IN PEN', a town of Lancafliire, wi'h a tpatket on Wednefday. It is 16 miles N. bv W. of Manchefter, and ici6 N. N. \V. of L( nd.on. HASsr.i.T, a handfoinc town of the United Provinces, in Ovcryfl'el, feated on the rivtr Vecht, five miles from Zwo!l. JIa'jsei.T, a town of Germany, iti the -territory of I^ic'TC, feated on the river De- mer. 14 miles N. W. of Matftricht. Hastincs, a borough of Suiiex, with a market on Wednefday and Saturday. It is one of the Cinque-ports, and noted for II A S river, with high rrrtinmie tills rivtr I-. A i)ri(l_;t, con- two (livifpvis of the town, ;c- w. ot' Uo!Vti. ', a town 111 Divnnfliirc, on S.itiird IV. It is Itaicd (' Mniu'l, near a nidition. • 'rinmi-p '"nt, 2b milts W, an. I ii^ ^V. by S. o' Lon- M. W. l;ir. ;i. ij. K. or,, a leiptrt of the county th a mai kct on Monday. It ly fcmd on the (taihore, lt»rroiin yield 20, cool, a year to lord fole pro-irictor. A cai.al is cut iJ rock t ) the harbour. 1, a feHi'ort and borough of a niarl.et on Ttn.f.l.iv and is (tated on a tongue of land, united mouths of the Stour It h not very lar;;e, but is -'il and fiT'qucnrtd, and here loats are ftationed tiat go to has a rapacious liarliour, and :he buildin;j of men (f war. c into the harliour is defended foitrefs, called Landguard is built on a fandv point op fide of the water, lut within on of EfTex. Here is onlv a fe, the motlKT-church bilnj^ irt, two miles diftnnt. H:r- :ius E. by N. of Chilmsfonl . E. of London. Lou. 1.2;. -N. ;re, a fmall borough of Sur- market on Tuefday. It is VV. of Guiiford, ahd 42 S. on. EN', a town of Lancafliire, :t on VVcdnefday. It is 16 W. of Manchefter, and 1116 if Lrmlon. , a handfomc town of tiic luces, in Ovcryffel, feated on xht, five miles from Zwo'l. , a town of Germany, in the .ic^c, (bated on the river De- N. W.ofRIiLftricht. s, a borough of Sud'ex, with Wedncfday and Saturday. the Cinque-poris, and noted for n A V For bcin;; the place where Woliinri the C'n']ueror l.indtd. It is felted between a hii^li cleft toward the fea. and ,'. hij;h hili ti)ward t'.ie kind lide. The chief eui- ploynient of the iicjilt is filhing. It h.id once a ftron;: caiUe, uww in ruin«, and its h;irbour is maintained by a I'm dl river. It is 24 miles E. of Lewes, and 64 S. E. of L-.adon. Lon. 0. 46. E. lit. 50.5:. N. IlAT;rr.i.D, a town of Herts, with a market on Tiiurfday. Jt fuiuitrly h :!onged to the fee of Ely, but was iiliena*(d to the cimvn in the rcigii of queen Elilabjth. ]t h:id before been an occafLinal royal rc- fidence, no: withfiaiidini' it was the pro- perty of t!-.e clsurch. W'illiiin of Ilitiield, Lcnnd fun of Edw.ud 111. was born here ; and hence Elilaheth, on the death o. Ma- ry, was cnn.Uided to afeeiul the throne. King James excharged this royal deinelne v.ith lir Robert Cecil, afitrwnrd carl of S ili(l)urv, for Thcubukli. On the fitc of the ancient epilcop.il pakue, 'hat ii(;LIe- man built the prefent magnilieent feat of the nurijuis of Sa'ilbury, c.ll-.c! H.itfr.ld lloufe. Jt is feated on the river Lea, zn miles N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. ;i. 4':'. N. Hat kiild-Buoad-Oak, or Hat- KlKl.n-Rr.e.is, a town of EITcx. with a market on Saturday. Jt is 30 mil^js E. N. I''., (.f London. Ii.niir.KLV, a town of D:v(:n(hirc, «ith a niHiket on Friday. It is a6 milis N. \V. of ICxetcr, and ;o: W. by S. if London. Lon. 4. g. W. lat. ?o. e,t. N. ILvrrKM, a town of the Uniied I'ro- vinces, in (Tiicklerland, ita-ci! on tlie river VlVel, five miles S. W. of I'-.voll. It w:'.s taken by the French in 1672, who dcrno lillv dthe fortifications. IIa rri N'cf N', a town i^f Germany, in tat ciale of Weftphaiia and coimty of Alarck, feated on the river Rjer. Lon. 7. 14. E. lit. 51. 17. N. 11 A IVAN', a town irul fo't of Upper Huiigarv. I'cited 0:1 a i;;juut:iin, z'i nii.es N. F.' of Bud.a. II A VANS' A, a feaport on the N. W. part of tiie iiland of Cuba, oppofite Florida. It is famous fcr its h.arliour, \\ hirli is fo l<;rge th :t it may hold loco veifuk ; and yet the niijuih is fo nairmv, that 01, Iv one fliip can enter at a time. This is 'the pUce where all th: Clips that come from the Spaiiilh fettlcments rcndez- voirs on tlieir return to Spaio. Ir is/i-ar two inilea in circumfcrAiicc, and.jn 1700, was cimputed to' contain 16,010 inhabi- tants, Spaniards, Mulattoes, and Negroes ; a number, v.-h;ch mult h :vc been coiider- sbly iiicrealed fiwce. The tntnince into tl'.f harbour is v/el! deiii;ded by fiwu and II A U platforms ftf rreat i'un<. The btiiil'oft are cle,;Hnt, built of l^•ne, and foinc of them iTierhlv furni'lKn ; and thcchiirchc* are rich and magnitinn'. iKrc 1. i.ic r^- fidencc of the e")Vernor and i 1 plain -»;». ne- rd of Cu'ia, and of rbe roval ofTic-rs, .w \'. ell as of an alLfljr for the afii'lance i*" llic {.ovcrnor and captain- 'general of the \V . Indies, of the billion of .St. Jts-ode Cuba, and of m-'ft ot the men of falhie'n and forttmc bck'nging tj the iiland. It was taken bv the Knghlh in 17(12, hut rel^orid to the Spaniards by the tnaty ». 13. \V. lat. 23. II. N. H ^ VAN'r, a town of Hnmpliirc, wit."! a market on Saturday. It isloen iiole* N. E. of I'ortrmimth, aud 64 W. bv S. of London. Lon. o. 5'i. K. lat. ;o. --;. \', Ha\-! i,:?i-:Kt;, a town <^f Germai' , in rhs clcfViratc of Brand,;nburg, wiili a feciilari.-cd hiihon's fee. It is "feated on the river H ivel, 37 miles N. W. nf Brinc'enbiiri;. Lon. 12. 26. E. lat.^j.f.N. H A \- F r.: o It I) \V i:.st, .t town tif I'oin- brokeihire, with a 111 irket on Tuel<'.' v' •,d Ka'uri" ly. It is a t(»vn and cauntf of itl'elf, icated on tli: ttdc of a hill, on a creek of Milford-ilaven, over which is a flonc bridge, ft is n larr^c Iv-Tidlbmc i;lace, inhabited by many gen- teel fa.iviihes. and contains three parifli rluirthes. It has a cmfideral.le trade, withi feveral veii'th belonging to ir. and fends one mernber to parliament. T;;e alli/.es and county gaol art kept here; and it hwl once a wall and calile noiv deinolillitj. 1; is 15 mih.s S. by V.. of St. David';,, ar.J 259 W. by N. of London. Lon. 5. o. W. lat. 5 1 . 50. N. Havi.kh,!., a town of SulFilk, wi'h a n',;'.rktt on ■Wednefday. It has a great n-.'.nufa<^(;ry of cheeks, cottons, an'd' fu.'- tia.is, and is 5.) miles N. E. ot London. * HAVKKiNt; Biiw I K, a villa!»c of EfTe^:, in the parish of J-fcrnrlmrchi' nv.i ' libcry of Havering; once the li-at of a ro'. al palace, in wliieh died Ji.m queen i>f ll-nry IV. It is three iniies N. IL by N. of Rumford. Ha\ re-de-Gra<:e, a Jargt, popiu Ions, and well-built commercial tou 11 of France, in the d?parriT;!:nt of Lov/cr Seine and Ir.'e province (, f N nnandy. It iia» an eiC'.ellent hariiour, » ftrong citadel, ?.nd a good arfenal. It vans bombarded by the En;',!i;h in i6()4nn,d 17^9, and is (eatcU at flic mouih of the Seine, 4? miks VV. of Rouen, and 112 N. W. of Paris. Lt;n, o. 11. E. 1 at. 40. 29. N. II.»vrE-iu\ L, a town cf France,- iti I H E B H E I the department of Upj>er Garonne and Ji'r province o*' Langucrtoc, on the river Arriege, lo nulet S. of Touloufe. Lon. I. 16. K. Ijt. 43. x6. N. Hai'tvit-liers, a town of France, in the department of Marnc and late pro- vince of Champagne, with a late famous rich abbey. It is ffated on the river JMaru'.', 20 miles from Rheims. * Hawick, a tovirn of Scotland, in 3l.oxburgh(hire, fcated on the river Ti- ttot, in a very romantic fituution, the fccnery of which is compofeJ of wooded rocks, cataracts, and bridjcs. It is 1 <; miles S. W. of Kelfo. Hawkshrap, a town of Lancaftiirc, ^ith a market on Monday ; »+ miles N. H. W. of Lancafter, and »73 N.N. W. of London. Lon. 3. 6. W. laC. 54. «4-N. * Haws-Watf.r, a fmall lake of Wcftmorland, to the S. of I'enrith. It is above 3 miles long, half a mile over in fome places, a quarter in orhers ; almoft diviiied in the middle by a promontory of inclolures, joined only by a (Irait, fo that it cotififtf of two fhects of water. Hay, a town of Brecknockfliire, with a market on Saturday ; fcattd between the rivers Wyll and Dulai, 1 ■; mWes N, E. of Brecknock, and 151 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 4. W. lat. 51. 59. N. Haye, a town of France, in the dt- partment of Indre and Loire and late pro- vince of Touraine. It is the birthplace of Des Cartes, and is (cated on the river Creufc, 15 miles from "i'ours, and 135 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 46. £. lat. 46. 56. N. Haylsham, a town of SulTcx, with a market on Saturday ; 1 2 miles E. of Lewe?, and ;8 S. F.. of London. Lon. o. 20. E. '■at. i;o. 55. N. Heauford, a town of Ireland, in the county of Galway, li miles N. of Galway. Lon. o. 3. W. lat. ^3. 29. N. * Head of Elk, a town of N. Ame- rica, in Maryland, fituatc near ilic head of the bay of Chefapcak, on a fmali river that bears the name of the town. It en- joys great advantages from the carrying trade between Baltimore and Pliikdelphia. HeaS', a town of Afia, in Tonquin, on the river Domca, 20 miles S. of Cachao, and 80 N. of the bay of Tonquin. Hebrides, or Westfkn Islands, fomc numerous irtands on the W. coaft of Scotland, the principal of which arc Skyc, St. Kilda, Lewis and Harris, N. and S. Uift, Cannay, Stafa, Mull, Jura, Hlay, ike. which ftc. Hebkides, New, a group of ifl.mds firft dilcovcied by Quiros in 160O, and .:onliderKl as part of a great fouthern con' tinent, under the name of Ticrra Aurtra- iia del Efpiritu Santo. They were next vifited by M. dc Bougainville in 1768, who did no more than difcover that the larvl vvai not conneftcd, but compofed of iflands, which he called the Great Cy- clades. Captain Cook, in 1774, afcertain- ed the extent and fituation of the whole group, nnd gave them the name they now bear. They are fituated between the U- titudes of 14. 29. and 10. 4. S. and be- tween the longitudes of 166. 41. and 170. 21. E. extetjjinp 125 leagues. The prin- cipal illands are Tic— a del Rfpiritu Santo and Malicollo, beiidc fcveral of lefs note, fome of which are from 18 to 1^ leagues in circuit. In general, they arc high and mountainous, abounding wirh wood, wa« tcr, and the ufual produftions of the tro- pical iflands. The inhabitants arc of very different appearances at different iflands. They are, in general, of a flender make and dark colour, and mod of them have frizzled hair. Thtir canoes and houfes are fmall, and poorly con(lru£led ; and, except their arms, they have fcarcely any manufai^urc, not even for clothing. They are, howcvtr, hofpitable and goodnaturcd, when not prompted to -■. contrary con- duct by the jealoufy, which the unufual appearance of European vifitora may na- turally be fuppofed to excite. Hedamoka, a town of Sweden, in Weftmania, fcated on the river Dahl, i;5 miles N. W. of Upfal. Lon. 17. 7. JE. lat. 60. 14. N. HE/DENiiEtM, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and in the territory of Brentz- hali, with a iiandfonic palace, belonging to the houi'e of Wirtcmburg, »» miles N. of Ulm. Lon. 10. 9. E. lat. 48. 47- N. . Heidelberg, a confiderable and po- pulous town of Germany, capital of the Lower Palatinate, with a celebrated uni- vcrfity. It is noted for its grrat tun, which holds 800 hogflieads, generally kept full of good Rhcnifli wine. It Hands in a plcafant rich country, and wns a famous feat of learning ; but it has undergone fo many calamities, that it is nothing now to what it was formerly. It was firft re- duced to a heap of ruins in 1622, by the Spaniards; and the rich library was tranf- ported, pirtfy to Vienna, and partly to the Vatican at Rome. After this it enjoyed the benefits of peace, till the Proteftant elc£^orat houie became extinct, and a bloody war enfticd, in v/hich the caftic was ruined. This happened in 1693 ; and the people of the Palatinate wtr< obliged to leave their dwellmgs, cad to ^o for IIV.I I,,,. I.i il'I Vt i'X ii:c H E I rt of a grest fouthern con- e n»me of Tierra Auftra- Santo. Thev were next dc Bougainville in 1768, ore thsn clifcover thit the onneftcd, but compofed of h<; called the Ortat Cy- in Cook, in 1774, afcertain- and fituation of the whole c them the name they now re fituatcd betwe(;n the U- i(). and 10. 4. S. and be- jtudcs of 166. 41. and 170. np 125 leaguei. Theprin- Tif-a del Bfpiritu Ssnto beiidc fcveral of lefs note, ;h are from 1 8 to i^ leagues n general, they arc high and abounding wi'h wood, wa- ufual produftions of the tro- The Inhabitants are of very earances at different iflands. 1 general, of a (lender make our, and moft of them have . Their canoes and houfes id [vxirly conftrufte*! ; and, arms, they have fcarcely any , not even for clothing. They r, hofpitable and goodnatured, irompted to ■^. contrary con- jealoufy, which the unufual nf European vifitori may ua- ippofed to excite. JKA, a town of Sweden, in , fcatcd on the river Dahl, 55 l^ of Upfal. Lon. 17- 7- £• N. iiEiM, a town of Germany, md in the territory of Brentz- a iiandfomc palace, belonging lie of Wirtcmburg, 11 miles Ti. Lon. 10. 9. E. lat. 4S. .BERG, a confiderable and po- rn of Germany, capital of the atinate, with a celebrated uni- t is noted for its grpat tun, is 800 hogfiicnds, generally kept 1 Rhcnidi wine. It (lands in a ch country, and wns a famous rning ; but it has undergone fo Tiitics, that it is nothing now to vas formerly. It was (irft rc- hcap of ruins in 1612, by the ; and the rich library was t'ranf- rtfy to Vienna, and partly to the t Rome. After this it enjoyed Its of peace, till the Prote(\ant houli; became extinft, and « ar'enfucd, in which the caftlc cd. This happened in 1693 ; people of the Pdlaiinate wtr* leave their dwellmgs, end to j;o for 11 E L f/ir refuge into foreign countries. Tn r.dd to thtl'c misfcriunts, the il(.il(>r itli»l- cil at Manhtim, and cinritd ninll of the iHopIf of (lilUm'iion with hini. The j'rear tun was broke to piece'i in 1695, by the French, and, at a t'/eiit cxpencu, in i-iq, was repaired.' Tlic town (lands on tlic river Neckar, over which is a luind- lome bridge, u milt:; N. V„ of Spire. Lon. H. 4S. E.lat. 49. 16, N. Ukila, a town of Weftcrn PrufTia, featcd at the mouth of the Vilhila, on the Baltic Sea, 12 miles N. of Dant^ick. Lon. 19. 15. K. lat. 54. f.j. N. Hi II.RGKN-H.WE, a I'eaport nf Gcr- ni?.ny, in HoUlein, Itattd en the Baltic, rpjioVuc the ifland of Femertn. Lon. 10. SI- E.iat. i;4. j 5. N. liKti.iGE-i.ANi), an ilUiiid of"the Ger- man Ocean, between the mouths of the Eyder and tlie F.lbc. Ji beloujfs to the kinir of Denmark. Lon. S. 20. li. lat. 54. 21. N. Heimoekstaiit, a town of Gcrma- BV, capital of the territory ot iMchler, be- l(inginj» to the cledtor of Mi mz. It Is CeateJ at the confluence of the Geillaivd and F.eini, VJ miles N. W. of Eii'enaih. Lon. 10. 14. E. lat. 51. 22. N. Helena, St. an iHand In the Atlan- tic Ocean, belonging to the F.iitHith K. Itdia Company. Its circurtifer^nce is aliout 20 miles. It has iMme hii'h m.iuu- iplns, particularly one called Diana's Peak, which is covered with woods to the very top. There are otlier hills alfo, which bear evident marks of a volcanic orisjin 5 and fonic have huge rocks of lava and a kind of half vitrified Hags. The country, however, is far from i)eing barren, the in- tenor vallies and even mountains being pleafant and fertile. Mr. Furftcr, who m.ule an^excurlion about half a mile into the country, informs us, that he was tranl- ported with one of the tineft profpcfls he iiad ever Ceen, confifting of (cvcral little liillf, covered: with rich verdure, and inter- iperfed with fertile vallies, which con- tained gardens, orchards, and various plantations. Many pafturcs, he adds, were (iirroundcd by inclofures of ftone, and filled with a fmall, but (inc breed of cat- tle, and with Englifli llictp. Every val- !'".' was watered by a rivulet. The moun- liins, in the centre of the idand, were ii'ing with woods. The fod, which co- vered the rocks and mountains, was, in jicneral, a rich mould, from (ix to ten inches deep, clothed with a variety of plants snd (hrubs, among which was a tree, which the inhabitants call a cabLaf^e-trce (th(U4h only ul'cd for fuel), gamtrccs, <>nd red wood. In the govcruur's garden, H E L three miles from the tnwn, he faw ft • enf pluus of l'"'iropc, AtriT". and Amfrica, and particularly a protulLm of r..(ts and lilies, iuti-rlpti' -d with ihyitLand laurel. Several walks if peachtrtes were liwclcd with fruit, uhiih had a peculiar rich lia- vcur, ditl'crent from that cf cur pcarhii j but the other Kurfipcn fiuit-trccs throve but indirt'crently, and nev^r biar fruit. Vines had l)ceii planted rcvcriil times, hut had not ("iiccieded, on account of the tli- niite. Cabl)aj;es and I'tlitr greens, thiive extremely well, but are devoured hv ca- terpillars ; aiui il-e hailev.aiid otiiir l;ii)d» of corn, are I'encr- lly dexourfd liy ra's, which are inconrciva! • nuintrou..' The ground, hr that re,i.on, \f\; laid out chii.Hy in paflures, the venlure cf which was (urpriling ; and the iiland r:\n ftipporc 30CU head of tl'.eir f;n;'.!l c;Utle. The beef is juicy, delicious, and very far. The idand abounds wiih gnpts, rabbi's, a I'niall breed of borCcs, rini;-pricaiant3, rcd- lecTcd partridi,'C's rice-birds, pigeons, &c. of lunie ' St. Aubin, where it has a harbour, and a fionc jiier, havhig the lea on the S. W. aiul lulls on the N. that " flieltet it from the C',ld. Another hr\.t, hill piojei'^ls, in a manner, over the trw^, and has a pleafant valk, that affords an cxtenfive prolpcft. The ilreets are wjjfe and well-pavtd. The inhabitants arc cofflt T puted H E L HEN fMiti to be »ooo. In the church, pray- ers arc read, alternatrly, in Knf>hm and French. At the top di the 111,11 ket-placc is the lUtue of Genr^.e II. in bronze, ftilt. In the church, it h inenumcni, ere£>rd at the public cxpence, to the memory of ma- jor Pierfon, who fell in the moment of viftory, in the attack, of the French troops, who had made a defcent on this ifland ; in which aAion, the Frencii general alio was morully wounduJ. Lon. a. 10. W. Ut. 49. II. N. See Jbksev. * Hklier, St. a little idand, near the town of the fame name, in the bay of 8t. Aubin, on the S. fide of Jcrfey. It tunk its name from Elcriui, or Heiier, a holy man, who lived in thii idand many cen- turies kgo, and was fliin by the Pagan Normans, at thiir coming nerc. He is mentioned among; the martyrs in the Martyroloey of Coutances. His little cell, with the ftonc bed, ii ft ill Ihown among the rocks ; and, in memory ot him, a no- ble abbey was founded in tliis idand. On the fiteofthis abbey, now (lands fJifabeth Caftle, a very large and ftrong fortifica- tion. It is the refidcncc of the governor and garrifon of St. Hclier, and occupies the whole ifland, which is near a mile in circuit, and furrounded by the fea at every half flood ; and hence, at low water, i« • paiTage to the town of St. Heiier, cali- * ed the Sridge, half a mile long and form- ed of fand and ftones. * Helmsdale, a river of Sutherland- ihire, in Scotland, which defcends from the mountains bordering on Caithnefi>(hire, and rolling over its rocky bottom toward the Ord of Caithnefs, becomes, at that place, deep, rapid, and dangerous, there being no bridge over the river. At its mouth, in the German Ocean, is a good falmon fifliery. Uklmont, a town of Dutch Brabant, with a ftrong cadle, fcated on the river Aa« 70 miles £. of BrufTeh. Lon. 5> 37. E lat. 51. 31. N. Helmsley, or Helmsley-Black- MORE, a town of the N. riding of York- Ihire, feated on the river Rye. The houfes are well built of (lone, and covered with ilate. It had formerly a caftle, and ha* now a market on Saturday, It is ao miles N. oi York, and i»o N. by W. of London. Lon. 1. o. W. lat. 54. 19. ^J. Hkimstadt, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunfwick, with a univcrfi- ty } at miles N. £. of Brunfwick. Lon. II. 16. E.bt. 52. lO. N. HELsiNBuac, or Elsinburg, a Tea- ^rt of Sweden, in the province of Goth- land itnd territory of Sthonen, fefttcd on til' 'jfite fide of the Sound, fevcn mil of EKinnrc, and n i>. of Halm- flanr. Lon. 1 ). t. E. lat. ^6. a. N. H .LitNCFuio, a mwn of Swcdifli Finland, in a romantic fituaiion, on a rif- int; Ihore, near fcveral rockt and huge fragments of granite. The kirbour ii in the gulf of Finland, and is the moll commodious of any in th^' province of that name. Helfingfort is 150 miles E. of Abo. Lon. IV o. E. latvAo. ao. N. HbLSTON, a ^irough of Cornwall, with a market on Monday. It is I'mitd on the river Cober, near it* mCux into the fea. It is one of th'ife appointed for the coinags of the tin. A little helow the town is a tulcrable good harbour, whirc feveral of the tin tliips take in, their lad- ing. It is well inhabited, and governed b) a mayor, four aldermen, a town-clerk, and deputy recorder. Here is the largell markct-houfe in the county. It is 11 miles S. W. of Falmouth, and 174 W, by S. of London. Lon. 5. i;. £. lat.. 50. 1. N. Helvoetsluys, a feaport of the United Provinces, in Holland, on ilic illand of Voorn. It is frequented by a great niitriber of (hips, particularly by the Englilh packet-boats, from Harwich. It is Rve miles S. of the Briel. Lon. 4. >]. E. lat. SI.4S. N. Hkmi'sted, or Hemel Hempsted, a town of Herts, with a market on Thurfday ; feated among the hilU, on a branch of the river Coin, 18 miles S. VV. of Hertford, and ij N. W. of London. Lon. o. 1 5. W. lat. 5 1. 47. N. Hen bury, a village in Gloucefter. (hire, near Bridol, two miles from St. Vincent's Ruck. In this parilh is a camp, with three rampiresand trenches, fuppofcd to have been Britilh, In digging up this hill in 1707, great numbcs of Roman coins were found. Henley, a town of Oxfordlhire, with a market on Wcdnefday, Friday, and Sa- turday. It is feated on the Thames, over which is a handfomc bridge, and fends malt, corn, &c. to London, by barges. It is 14 miles S. E. of Oxford, and 3;. VV. of London. Lon. o. 46. W. lat. 5i> 35- N- Henley, a town in Warwick fiiire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on the river Alne, 10 miles N. VV. of Warwick, and 101 W. N. W.tf London. Lon. I. 50, W.lat. 51. a 3. N. Henneberg, a county of Germany, in the circle of Francoiiia. It is bounded on the. N. by Thuringia,. on the W. by Heflie, on the S. by the biflioprio of Wurtiburg, and en the £. by that of Bam- HEN iiU of the Sound, feven Unnrc, and n S. of Hulm- ). t. E. lat. ^6. a. N. DKt, a (nwn of Swcdilli romantic fituiiiion, on a rif- ar fcveral rockt and h\)f,t granite. The kifbour ii n\ Finland, and ii the moU jf any in thi- province of that igfori is I JO inili's £. of Abo. latvlo. 10. N. a borough of Cornwall, : on Monday. It is leHitd Cober, near it» inC,ux into one of th'ife appoimcd for of the tin. A little below ilic ilcrable piod harljour, whirc he tin lliips take in, their lad- well inh.ibited, and governed , fuur aldermen, a town-clerk, recorder. Here ii the largell lie in the county. It is 1 1 . of Falmouth, and 174 W. by don. Lon. 5. 1;. £. lat. 50. F.TSI.UYS, a feaport of the luvinccs, in Hollaitd, on ibc ^oorn. It is frequented by h ber of (hips, particiilarljf by the icket-boats, from Harwich. It ts S. of the Briel. Lon. 4. J3. 45. N. TED, or Hemgl Hempstei), of Herts, with a market on ' ; feated among the hilU, on a ' the river Coin, 18 miles S. VV. ird, and 13 N. W. of London. It,, W. lat. 51.47. N. URY, a village in Gloucefter- :ar Briftol, two miles from St. sKock. In thisparifliUacamp, :e rampiresaud trenches, fuppofcd (ten Britifli. In digging up' this 707, great numbcs of Roman re found. .EY, a town of Oxfordlhire, with t on Wcdnefday, FrUay, and Sa- lt is feated on the Thames, over s a handfomc bridge, and fends rn, &c. to London, by barges. It les S. E. of Oxford, and 35. W. lion. Lon. o. 46. W. lat. 5i» [.EY, a town in Warwick fliire, market on Tuefday. It is feated river Alne, 10 miles N. W. of ;k, andioiW.N. W.rfLondon. 50. W.lat. SI' zj' N. KF.BERG, a county of Germany, ircle of Francoiiia. It is bounded N. by Thuringia,. on the W. by on the S. by the bifhopric of >urg, and on the £. by tlxat of Bam- HER Bamberg. It abounds in mountain* and Wixxis, and ii vjpulous and fertile. It ii divided among no Icfs than fcvcn diffe- rent I'ovcrcigns. Mainungcn is the capt- tal. HcwNEBFRfJ, a to'vn of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, and county of the fame name, with a caRlc. It is }4 miles N. W. of Bamberg. Lon. lO. 38. E. lat. 50. 40. N. Henneion, a town of France, in the department of Morbihan and late province of Bretagne, feated on the river Blavet, *5o miles \y. by S. of Paris, and it N. W. of Vannct. Lon. 3. 4. W. lat. 47. 50. N. Henrichimont, a fmall town of France, in the department of Cher and late province of Berry, fituated on the river Saudrc. It was the capital of a dif- trift which Henry IV. gave to his illuf- trioiis miiiifter tlic duke of Sully. Its original name was Bois-Bclle ; but Sully gave it the prcfent name, in gratitude for the privilet^cs which the king had annexed to if. Ah the foil in the environs is not ex- cellent, the town is, in a manner, iL icrt- cd s and the uniform houfes, with which Sully had addrntd it, arc in a wretched condition. The family alienated it to Lewis XV. in 1767. Tlie town is 15 miles from Bourses. Henry, Cai'k, the S. cape of Virgi- nia, at the entrance of Chefapeak Bay. Lon. 76. (.. W.lat. 36. ■;6. N. HKPi'EVHkiM, a town churches, but two of tluni were - lilhed in the civil wars. It it a bilhop's. fee ; and the cathedral it .-tn inciert and venerable ftruAure. The VV. ti.wcr, in particular, was efteemed a bctiituul and magnificent piece nf architecture : it wl fit ("( "lit talilc. Hkkv. ' M M'si. V, .1 pAliice nrar lln- fiovcr, iHl'mging to the kwu of (.(int Britain, llcrt art gaitlens Lt. {I. n. N. Hf RKORDKW. or Hf.wwfrpks, a frtt impinal town of Citrui.inv, in the iirfle iif VVi(li)ii.ilM. c;ipiMl 'il the loiinty of Ravcnrtiiir^h, with a tam-ais minnify, bclinE;in|{ to live protcllaiit* of the con- fclFlon of A'h'.'.biiiv, whole tiblitli i. h priiiceti f f tlio empiri:, and hjs a \<)ii.e and pl.icc in the diLt. It i. kaicd "n the river An, i- niii<» S. \V. •!" Muuim. Lon. 8. 4-. K. h'.. t,i. i. 2"^. N. Hi RSTAi., a town of Germany, in the bilhopric of Liege, with an anciont caltic ieved en the vivcr M iflc, three niilcs N. ,v)f Litge. Lon. 5. 4°- ''■• '•^t- 5^- 4°; N- IIkrtkori), tht county town -t Herts, with a market on Si.icurday. In the bc- 1 ginning ot the heptarchy it wai cen< lidt.i(d ni one of the pimcipal citiei of the E, Saxons. It i> k.ited on the river Len. which IS now navij,'ablt for harjjcs, but, attl.at period, was t({,ully navigable fur liiipa Id thik town. In 8-9, tht Danes cridid t\\o forti here, for the ttcurity of ilrir Ihips i lu! Alfred turned the courfe of the n. cr, I'o thut then vclfcli wire litt on dry ground. tdsv.ird, the eldell fon of Alfred, built a calUi; here, which ha» been often a royal rcildence. It i> Oill entire, and the habitatioit of a no. ble fanuly. Tlte town findt two ini'itl- lier» to p.iiliatnrnt, and i5 ('.uverncd by a luL'h (('.ward, m.ivr, ard nine aldermen,* recorder, &c. line wtic formerly live churches, but now only two, Hvrtlord it two miles \V. by S. of Ware, and z 1 N.of Loiioon. Lon. o. 1. K. lat. 51. 50. N. Ill It rfOKDsiiiRK, or Hkhtn, a county cf F.npland, bounded on the N. by Camhridv;clhire, on the I"., by ii.nv\, on the N. VV. by Bcdi'ordlliire, on the \Y. by Bucks, and on the 8. bv iMiddle- fcx. It is j6 miles lon»( from N. to S. and »8 liroad from R, to W. It is di- vided into iii;!'.t hundreds which con- tam I., market towns, and 174 pariflieu, and (end'* hx members to parliament. The northern Ikirts of this county are liillv, toriiiing a (cattered p.irt of the ihalkv ri'djjc which extends acrol's the kingdom in this dircdfion. A number ol'' Itnains take tlicir rile from this fidc,^ which, by their clearncfs, Ihow the ge- net. d nature of the Toil to he inclined to hArdncl!., and n >t abundantly rich. Flint licr.cs are Icattertd in great profufion over the face of this county ; and beds of tli^ik are frequently to be met with. It is found, however, with the aid of proper culture, to be extremely favour- able tu corn, Doth wlteat and barley, which ci:me to as great perfertion here as in any part of tue kingdom. The wcftcrn part IS, 111 g1ner.1l, a tolerable rich foil, and under excellent cuhivation. Indeed, the traffic of the county is in corn and malt. The air is wnohl'orne; and ths princi- pal rivers arc the Lea, Stort, and Coin. Hereuovinza, a territory of Tur- key in Europe, in Dalmstia. Caftel- N;;ovo. the capital, belongs to the Ve- netians i i.nd the reft, with a town of the lame name, to the Turks. Hert/ r.i:i(C, a confiderable town, in tiic eltdlorate of Saxony, 3:; miles N. VV. of Drtl'dcn. Lon. ij. 17. E. lat. 51. 41. N. HhsniN, a flrongtown of Franrc, in the dcpanincni of the Straits of Calais and late In E s >c hcptarcliy it wm con> c v( ilic principal cities ut' >i. It \i i«.,«:ed on the rivnr ^ now navigablt lor bar^jrs, cnoil, WHS iCjiulIy n.iviyt.ible !:> tuwn. Id ti-9, tlit Uanci [oru hrrc, fur the licurity of u; Ai'rcd turned the courl'e to ih.it their vcfTcIi were 1 'iliiil. til»v..ril, ttic tlilrll i, built a cMk here, which .■n a royal rcTidenee. It is nJ the iubitrftiiin of a iio- The town fnuli twu mini* mrnt, ;iiui is j-overned by u , mnve, ill DalmHtia. CafttU capital, bclonjjs to the Ve- ld the reft, with a town of the to the Turks. i;iiG, a confiderablf town, orate of Saxonv, J? miles N. tfdtn. Lon. ij. 17. E. lat. , a flrongtown of France, in lent of the Straits of Calais and late HEY lite totinty of Armii, frated on the river Canchc, n miUk S. b. W. of St. Omer, and lbs N. ut l'..ils. Ljii. 1. 6, L. lat. 50. »4' N. Mkssk, a country in the circle of the Upper Rhine, 111 O'rm.iny, boundtd on till; N. by the biiliopric of I'aV rbnrn ami dlicliy of Hiiinrwick l "11 tlic K. I)V Tluirin^ia J on tlie S. by the tirritoiy of Kulde and W'ttcravii ; and on the W, \>y the counties of NifTaii, \\'iij(cn. nein, Hat/feldr, .ind WaMerk. The hoiilc of lU'lTe is duidtd into fil Rliincluilt, each of which has the title of Imd^r.'ve, and tikes ilk na It f oin one cf the four prin. i- pal towns. This country is about ipo niiLs in kii(;ili, and 50 in briaJih, anil I'ur- rounded bv wo^kU and moiintauu, in which are mines of iron and toppir. In the middle arc liiu plains, ttrtile in corn and paftiires ; and there is pLiitv of all forts of fruit and lumcv. Tliev likcwile (uUivattf a larye i|iiiiitity of hopi, which Icrvc to make cxceiLut beer. J!iri.h-tiets are very common, and tliiy make a griat deal of wine of the lap. The landjjrave of Htire-Cafiel is an nbl' lure prince, and ilgrives a 4onfidi.rablc part of liis reve- nuc frotn hi^ truop'^, which he lits out to ."uch of the p nvtrs of Kiir-'pc as may be induced lo ^ive liiui an advaiua- j',c»us fubfiiiy. Hkvi-.k, a town of Auflrnn Urn- bant, two Tiilts S. (if Louwuii. L'in. ,j. 40. E. lat. CO. t,i. N. . HF.i'KtLiiM, a town of the Uuitrd Provinces, in Hulbnd, feattd on the ri- ver Lingc, five niilcs fn,in Gortiiiii. Lon. 4. 55. E. lat. < I, 1;";. N. HtUSDKN, a ftr'ni; town of the Unit, cd Provinces, in H m line uk in tt)^ Ipiiiit,'; rtiid in m;n)y pardms, );rteii pcM may be w.iilierid. 1 he wintiis, huw* ever, hive bein I'ometimi.'; very fcvcrc"} particularly in 1709, i7.''S, «nd i78(. I his town is the birthpUec of .^Ill• lillon, the celebrated ImciicIi prtaciicr. It is 12 milei E. of To.;lon, ai.il 3.0 a. by E. of Purl... Lou 6. 20. E. lat. 41. 5. N. IIiF.Kr.s, idands ofFrancf, onthccrnft of Provence. 'I'hev are fuiir in niimbef ; nimily, Poniueioilos, Poiterus, und IJa* j;Meaii, whieh are inhabited, Mid the ille of Titan, the l.inrell of them, which ii rapablc of ciiltiv ition. Uetwecn tlicfc iilniids and the continent, is t!,e ro.iU i3f Illeres, whieh is lb capacious and cxctU li nt, that it has atrordtd (lieltrr for tlie Urijert (V|uadroos, and no inftnncc of a lliipwre:k h.is ever occurred here. It it ilefciulid by three f^Tts. HioiitJ.VTK, a lari'c vi lare in M'uU illifi'x, feared on a hill, k, of that of Hiinplteail i on which account, thcic two bills have been poeticallv called '• the firter-hills." Here 1-rd chief binm Choi- mondtli.y built a frtefchool in 1^62, which was tnlaryed, in 1570, by F Iwiii Sandys bilhop of London, who addtd a clnpjl to it, whicli is a chapel of ea'e to the two p.irKlies of St. Pancris and Horn- fey. ^ighgr^te ii 4 rrnlti N. by \V. of Lord"n. Hi'iiam-Ferrfrs, a oonMi.jh of NoriUaiiiproniliire, wiih a j.'rtat market on Tiiurliiay and Saturdiy. h v <>,-,ti-(l on an afcent, on the river Nen, and fends one member to parliament. It had for- merly a ralllc, nf w 10 inin:,; acM ■>. !; miles E. S. E. of Coventry, and 66 N. Ti N.W, H I N H I N y. W. of London. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. j». tfi. N. HiEno. See Ferro. HitsMES, a town of France, in the ilupartmcnt of Orne and late province of Normandy, feated on a barren mountain, to inil^s from Scej, and 90 W. of Paris. HroHwoRTH, a town of Wilts, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on HrWDELOPEN, or HlNlOPIN', a fcaport of the United Provinces, in Friefland, feated on the Zuider-Zee, be. tween Stavercn and Worcum. '* HiNLOPF.N, Capf, a cape of N. America, on the S. fide of the mouth of the Delaware. Lon. 75. 2. W. I,it. 38. 47. N. HiNDON, a borough of Wilts, wiih a market on Thurfday ; 20 miles W the top of a hill, which ftane^ in a rich of Salilbury, and 97 W. by S. of Lon- flain, near the vale of White Horfe. t it 36 miles N. of Salifbury, and 77 \V. of London. HiLDEsHElM, a ftronp; town of Ger- many, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and biftopric of the fame name. It is free itnd innperial ; and in the cnthcdral is the ftatiie of Herman, the celebrated German cliief. It is divided into the old and vew towns, each of which has its I'epa- Tate council ; and its inhabitants are a don. Lon. 2. 9. W. lat. 51. 6. N. " HiNDOo-Ko. See Himmaleh Mount, and Cabul. HiNDoosTAN, or India, a celebrat. ed region of Afia, which, in its mod ex- tenfive fignification, comprifes all the countries between the mountains of Tar tary and Thibet on the N. the river Bur- rampooter, and the bay of Bengal, on th« E. the Indian Ocean on the S. and th< fame ocean and Perfia on the W. Bn jnixttire of Lutherans and Papifts. It is this country muft be confidered under tl feated on the Irnefte, 17 miles S. S. E. of three grand divifions of Hindooftan Pro. Hanover. Lon. 10. 10. E. lat. 5*. 10. N. per, the Deccan, and the Peninfula HiLOBUKCHAUSEN, a town of Ger- Hindooftan Proper includes all the coun- jrany, in a duchy of the fame name, in trios that lie to the N. of the river Ner- the circle of Franconia and principality budda, and of the foubahs of Bahar and of Cnbourg. It is feated on the Wer- Bengal. The principal foubahs, or pro. n, and is a handfome well-built place, vinces, in Hindooftan Proper, are A<3i- fubjcft to the duke of Saxe-Hildburg- mere, Agra, Caft^mere, Delhi, Guzerat, hanfcp, who has ^palace here. It is 22 miles N. by W. or Cobourg. Lon. 11. 3. E. lat. no. 5J. t^. * Himmaleh Mount, a vaft chain of mountains in Afia, which extends from Cabul along the N. pf Hindooftan, and appears to be the sencr^il boundary of Lahore, Malwa, Moultan, Oude, Rohil- cund, Sindy, kc. for an account of which fee their rcfpeftive names. The term Pcccan, which fignifics the South, has bten extended to the whole region that lies to the S. of Hindooftan Prtipcr ; but in its moft proper and limited ftnfe, it Tnibet, through the whoje extent from mtans only the countries fituared between the Ganges to the river Teefta ; indof- Hindooftan Proper, the Carnatic, tlu' ing between it and Hindooftan, a traft Wcftern Sea, and OnlTa ; namely, the of country, from 100 to 180 jniles in provinces of Candcifli, Dowlatabad, Vifi- brtadih, divided into a number of fmall apcur, Golconda. and the weftcrn part ( t lT.»(es, n^me of which are tindsrftond to be Berar ; its boundary to the N being tht either tributaries orfeudatorics-ofTliibLt ; river Nerbudda, and that to the S. iht filth as Sirinagur, Najjaul, &c. This ri'ijc river Kiftna. All the traft S. of thi. was known to the ancients by the namep laft river is generally called the Pcniii- of Imaus and the Indian Caucafps. The fula ; although its form is far_from r.u- natives now call it H'""''''-'^" (the In- dian mountainO "* ^^^" ^^ Hi-nmalth ; -liich laft is a l^an^crit word, fignifyipg jl-Of.'y ; its fum'.nit bciii>^ covered with fiinw. Sec GAK(.F.SaiK!GOGKA. KrNCMiNDROOK Isi.ANn, one of the thorizing that appellition. The nan.i. In., 'in, bv wliich this country, as far ns it vyas known, is diftinguiflied in the eariicft Gretk hiliories, appears to Ll derived from H.ni/, the name given to it bv the ancient Pcrfans, through whom, l>Jcw Hebrides in the South Pacific Ocean, doubtlefs, the knowledge of the cmnt ry was tranfmittd to the Greeks. Thi word Hirt icrjh/t is. indeed, entirely ct Pcrlian orij;in, co'.npounded of Stan, a f. - g^io'i, and I{.'/iet, or Hiniko. Our liiiiiib will not allow us to enter into the anc.ti'.t hiftory of Tndin, which mf reprop.riv !'t- ^ lojigs to a (yftem of ancient geograpb.v. Lon. i. io. W' ,lac, 5^,.' To give an idea of the more modtni cc- • " ' ■ ■ ■' •• ' " - Yolutlji,s Lon.ihb. J3. E. laL \*l- 2;. S. JIis'CKtF.v, atownof Lciccfterfhire, with a market on Mondjy. It is adorn- ed with a large lir.ndfoine church, which .«Hs a lofiy fpire. Hipck.lcy hjs a confider- B'lle ftotkir.g manufadory, and is iz piilcs S. \V. of Lticcfler, and 91 N. N W. of London. |4. IT. wi'.MiiiMOTUMrtiiu H 1 N ELOPEN, or HlNtOPIW, a of the United Provinces, in feated on the Zuider-Zee, be- avercn and Worcum. i.oPF.N, Capf, a cape of N. on the S. fide of the mouth of the _. Loa. 75.2. W. )..t. 38.47. N. ON, a borough of Wilts, wuh t on Thurfd.iy ; 20 miles VV iry, and 97 W. by S. of Lon- .on. 2. 9. W. lat. 51. 6. N. NDOO-KO. See HiMMAtEH , and Cabul. oosTAN, or India, a celebrat- on of Afia, which, in its mod ex- Signification, comprifes all the es between the mountains of Tar ■ d Thibet on the N.the river Bur- Her, and the bay of Bengal, on the Indian Ocean on the K. and th( ocean and Perfia on the W. Bn luntry muft be confidered under ih; grand divifions of Hindooftan Pro. the Deccan, and the Peninfula Kiftan Proper includes all the coun- hat lie to the N. of the river Ner- I, and of the foubahs of Bahar and al. The principal foubahs, or pro- s, in Hindooftan Proper, are A^i- , Agra, Calhmere, Delhi, Guzerat, )re, Malwa, Moultan, Oude, Rohil- , Sindy, kc. for an account of which their rcfpeftive names. The term can, which fignifies the Sotuh, has I extended to the whole region that to the S. of Hindooftan Proper ; but ts mnft proper and limited ftnfe, it ns only the countries fituared between doofta'n Proper, the Carnatic, tin- ;ftcrn Sea, and OnlTa ; namely, the vinces of Candeifli, Dowlatabad, Vifi- ur, Golconda. and the weftcrn part (t ar ; its boundary to the N being the :r Nerbudda, and that to the S. the er Kiftna. All the traft S. of thi. river is ger.crally called the Pcnin- a; alrhciigh its form is far from r.a- jrizing that appellation. The nana ,'in, bv wliicli this country, as far as was known, is diftingiiiflied in tl'.c ■lieft Greek hitiories, appears to Ic rived from H.m!, the name given to it the ancient Perfans, throuuh whom, ubtlefs, the knowledge of the cmntry as tratifmued to the Greeks. The ird Hin iccjfan is, indeed, entirely (i Lilian origin, co'.npoimded of S'.ivi, a ;. - o'l, and Umu, or Himko. Our limiis ill rot allnw us to enter into the anc.ii.t llory of Indi:i, which mf rcprop-rly \'(- ngs to a fyftcm of ancient geo£rap!;v. give an idea of the more movUrii ce- ' ' YoluiiJUS H I N H ; N Tolutions in the empire of Hindooftan, it millions fterling, by way of ranfom. Tu- s proper to obltrve, that from a pure mults, maffacrcs, and limine, were th« Hindoo government, it became, at laft, rclult : 100,000 of the inJiabitants were a Mahometan ftate, and continued to be maffacred, and fixty-two mdlions of plun- fo under various dynafties, till the begin- dcr faid to be colkaed. Nadir, however, mil ' of this century. The firft irruption evacuated Delhi, and left the Nizam in of ttie Mahometans was in the year loto. pofTeliion of the whole remaining power From tliis period, it is to be obl«rved, that of the empire, whicli he facrificed to his the provinces of Hindooftan were held ra- own views in the Deccan, where he thcr as tributary kingdoms, than as pro- cftabliflied an independent kingdom. Ma- vinces of the fame empire; and that the homed Shah died in 1747. having feeii conqueft of the Deccan, io particular, was the Carnatic and Bengal become likewife for ages an objcft of confiderablc import- independent, under their refpeftive na- ancK to the emperors. In 1398, the Mo- bobi ; an independent ftate too formed Eul Tartars, under the coiidua of Timur, by the Rohillas (a tribe from the moun- or Tamerlane, invaded Hindooftan; but tains between India and Pcrfia) on the the conqueft of the country was not ef- fefted till 1525, by Sultan Baber, one of his defccndants, who, from this cir- cumftance, vas, in reality, the founder of the Mogul .' """v I ar.d hence Hindoo- ftan '.-.:; hf-" ~all';d the Mogul Empire, and its chief, the Grea; Mogul. The il- fdiled in hii £. of the Ganges, within 80 miles of Delhi ; and the kingdom of Citndahar crefted by Abdalla, one of the generals of Nadir Shall. Ahmed Shah, the fon of Mahomed, i'uccceded ; in whofe reign, the entire divifion of the empire tooR place ; nothing remaining to the hoiife of Tamerlane but a fmall territory round luftrious Acbar, his Ion, tailed in hu at- . r ,, , < tack upon the Deccan ; an attempt, in Delhi, with the city itfelf (no longer a which many of his fucceftbis were equally capital) expofed to depredations, malTa. ' ■" cres, and famine, by the contefts of in- vaders. The laft Imperial army was de- feated by the Rohillas, in 1749. T^t Jats, a Hindoo tribe, founded a ftate in many ^ , . unfortunate, and which tended, in the Ic- quel, to the decline and dilT.ilution of the empire. In 161 5, the emperor Jehan- guirc, his fon, received lir Thomas Roc, as the firft Englilh ambaffador ; and the Agra. Oude was feized by the grand- Portu'uefe had, by this time, acquired father of the prefent na'twb Allahabad, confiderablc leitlemcnts in Bengal and by Mahomed KooJi. The Mahratta, Guzeiat. In the reign of his giandfon befidc their ancient domains in the Dcc- Aurungzebe, wlvich laftcd from' 1660 to can, obtained great part of Malwa, Gu- 1707, the empire attained its full extent, zerat, Berar, and Orifta. The Mogul His authority reached from lo" to 35" Empire was now become merely nominal ; lat. and nearlv as much 'in Ion. and tiis and the emperors muft, in future, be re- revenue exceeded 32,000,000!. fterling, in garded as of no political confequence, a country, where the products of the earth otherwife than as their names and per- are four times as cheap as in England, fons were made ufc of, by different ^ar- But, in the courfc of jo years sfrer his ties, to promote their own views. That death a fucceiiion of weak, princes, and the name and perfon of the emperor were wicked miniftcrs, reduced this aftoniihing of uf«, as retaining a confiderabie degree empire to nothing. Blreidy contefts for of veneration among the bulk of the pco- the empire enlued, on the death of Au- pie in Hindooftan, is evident, from the rungzebe • 11 years after which, five apphcatioii made, at different times, for princes of' his line, who iiad mounted the grants of territory, forcibly obtained by throne, were dcpofed and murdered ; and the grantee, but wljich required the fanc- the degraded ftate of the imperial au- tion of the lord paramount, to reconcile thnrity^ had introduced a diCpofition in the tranfaftion to the popular -opinion, all the governors of the provinces, to Another remarkable inftance of the effeft fliake off their dependence on the head of of this opinion is, that the coin throughout the empire. In a word, inftead of find- 'he whole traft, known by the name of ing the emperors attcmptnii^ now the the Mogul Empire, is to this day ftruck conqueft of the Deccan, wc perceive in the name of the nominal empcior their empire attacked by the powerful Nizam of that country, by v/hole con- trivance, Nadir- Shan, the Pcrfian ufurp- er, invaded Hindooftan in I7?8. The weak emperor, Mahomed Shah, threw "iiimfclf on the clemency of the invader, Ahmed was depofed in 17^3, and his fuccelTor was depofed and murdered in 1760. He was fucceeded, however, by his fon. Shah Aulum, who was alter- nately dependent on the contending pow- ers, and more particularly upon the Eng- wwewt^rei Pclhi, and (^cmanJ^d thirty lift»» who obtained from him a grant of T 4 the J H I N •the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and OritTa, together witli the Northern C'ir- cars. He continued long a kind of ftate prifonci ; living on the produce of a trilling d miaii., alluwcd him partly <^iit of veneration for his anceftovs, and partly for tile tile of his name. Jn the lequel, he was dethroned and blinded by the Rohilla<. 'I'hcfe hting defeate() by M:i- dajce Siiulia, a Mahraita chief, his fon, Jewan Bucht, was permitted to fucceed him, and to live in tlie fame dcpl-,rahle ftatc of degradation. The whole rf Hin- doollan m uich in tlicir puruiics, atiil rces of knowledge. " Sonic cnnvcrfed with," Giys Mr. acknowledge the errors thar into their relig'on, own one uii;, and hiifi;li at the idola- ultitudc, but infift upon the working upon the weaknefTts ij.ir." The generality of the e as ii;iinrant as the laity, not CHji.igcd in worldly par- 's vtry riijicrltitious, innocent o promote charity as much as botli to man and heart ; but engnge in the world are gene- vorft of all the Gentoos ; for, thar the waters of the Ganges ,- them fioiTi their fins, and npt from the utmoft rigour of of jullice (under the Gentoo Its) tlicy run into much greater Thf Soldiers are commonly :ih-Poots ; that is, defcended They are much more robuft eft, have a great fhare of coii- 1 nice fenfe of military honour, nfirts, among them, in fidelity they ferve. Fighting is tlieir ; they readily enter into the any that will pay them, and w wherever he leads ; but, as heir leader falls in battle, their It an end, and they run off the hout any ftain on their reputa- iie F.nglifli E. India company ly battalions of them in their fer- ly are called Sepoys, and arc ind difciplined in the European The L iboiirers include farmers, who cultivate the land. The cs include merchants, bankers, who follow any trade : thel'e : fubdivided into e'.>rh profcf- •fide thefc, are the Halhichort:,, not b- called a tribe, being ra- rtfiife of all the tribes. They ;t of poor unhappy wretehc-, to inifery front their birth, rforiii all the vileft offices of lite, : dead, and carry away every it is polluted. They are held in ■minui^'n, that, on the Malabar [indooftan, if one of tiicm chance a:i Hindoci of a fupcrior trihc, draws his fabre, and cuts hiiu the fpot, withcA.it any check, om his own confciencp, or tli: the country. All the difFsTent ■ kept diflinrl from ehch other by ntiiile barriers: they .-ire fcrbid- :ermirry, to cohabit, tomcat with each H I N ■ »H ' HI N ■ i j niHi tlHiH ii each other, or even to drink out of the fame vtird with one of another tribe. Every deviation from tliiCe points fiibjec'.ts them to be rejected by their tribe, renders them polluted for ever, and obliges them, from that inftant, to herd with the Hal- lachorcs. " The men.bers of tach cart," fays Dr. Kobertfoji, " adhere invariably to the pn/elfion of their forefathers. From generation to generation, the famj families have followed, and wdl always continue to follow one uniform i'ne of life. To this may be afcribed that high degree of perfcftion conlpicuous in many if the Indian nianufa.ttures ; and thougil Veneration for the praflices uf their ancef- tors may dice!: the fpirit of inventi'.n, yet, I'V adhering to thefe, they acquire luch an expertnefs and delicacy of hand, that Europeans, with all the advantages of fupcrior fcience, and the aid of more com- plete inftruments, have never been able to equal the execution of their workman- Ihip." To this circumftance al'.b. Dr. Robertfon afcribes a ftriking peculiarity in the ftate of Hindooftan, the perm:*- nence of its inftitutions, ajid the immu- tability in the manners of the inhabitants. Hence it is, tliat the Hindoos admit no converts, nor are themfelvea ever C( n- \'crti.d, whatever the Roman midionariis may pretend. The Hallachores may be here excepted, who are%lad to be admit- ted into any fociety where they are treat- ed as fellow creatures. " But tlule converts," fays Mr. Scrafton, " do no honour to the Chriftian religion ; for, as far as mv obfervation has reached, thele haif Chnrtians are the moll proiligarc wretches of the human fpecics." The Hindoos vie with the Chind'c, in relpe('.t to the anticjuity of their n.uion ; and the doctrine of tranfmigration is one of- their diftinguifliing tenets. Their inftitutions of religion form a regular and complete fyllcm of fuperftition, ilrencrthencd and upheld bv every thing which can excite the reverence, and fecure the aitachmcnt of the people. The temples cijnlecrated to their deities, are ma;;iiificcnt ; their religious ceremonies fplcndid ; and the ablolute dominion which the Uramins have obtained over the minds of the people, IS fupportcd by the command of the itTimcnle revenues, with which the libcrahiy of princes, and the zeal of pil- grims and devotees, have enriched their pigi\las. The dominion of religion ex- tends, indeed, to a tlioufand particulars, which, in other countries, arc povtmeti by the civil laws, or by tadc. cudon, cir faHii. M. Thrir drcCs, their f( od, the coir.mon intcrcourfes of life, their mar- riages, and profeffions, are all under rli« jurildittion of religion. The food c>f tlie Hindoos is fimple, confiding rhictly of rice, ghee (a kind of impcrtefA burtcr) milk, vcgitalj'es, and oriental fpicts. The warrior cafl may tat of the flcfii of goat;:, ll.eep, ami poultry. Orhe*- fupcrior cads may cat poultry and ti'h ; but the inferior cart, are jjiohibiti-d from eating llcfli or filh of any kmd. Their greatclt luxury confifts in the ufe of the richcft fpiccrics and perfumes, of which the great people are very lavilli. They cfleciii milk the pniell of fond, becaufc tiiey th.ink it partakes of ibinc of the pnjperties of the ncttar of ilitir gods, and becaul'e tiiej' efteem the cow itfelf almoft as a divinity. Their manners are gentle. Their happinefs confifts in the lolaccs of dim^ftic life; and they are taui^ht liv their religion, that marnnionr is an ind il'pen fable duty in every rnan, who dues not entirely fepar.ite himtcif from the world, from a principle of <)e- votion. Their reliyion permits them t» have (evcral wives; but they teldsr.i have more than one ; and their v.ivc^ arc di<- tingui.'lied by i decency of demeanour, a folicitude in their f-imilies, and a fide- li ' to their v(; alk " how king Georf,e do r " In general, they appear to be a courteous and wcll-difpoled people, and very f.iir and honeft in their dealintrs, though there are among them, a« in all other nations, fome vici'>ufly inclined ; and theft is much pradtifed bv the lower cl.ifs nntwithfiandiiig the puniflimtnt fof it i< very cxtmpliTy, being amputation of boih 'lands v( the delinquent. The inha- bitants like thofe of moft hot and tropical countries, are indolent, an.' do not im- proyt by their labour the ricitnefs of that foil with which nature has blclTed them. " Cl'mate lieie," fays m^jor Rookc, " promotes vegetation to fuch a degree .14 rc(|unV5 hi I If toil in the hufbandmin j but that htrle is denied ; fo that beyond orango, b;in.inaH, pine-apples, cocoa- nut;, y.iiiis, rind purflain (all growing fpontane- oiillv) few vccCtahLs arc mit with. Nor are tlic natural beauties of the iflund in- ferior to its other advantages of plenty and fertility. The face of the country i« very pirturefquc and plcafinc;, its fcenes beuig drawn by the bold ftrokes of Na- ture's mafterly pencil. Lofty mountains clothed to their very fnmmits, deep and ruggei. vallies adorned by frequent cata- racts, cafcades, woods, rockn, and rivu- lets, intermixed in " },ay theatric pride," form the laudfcape. Orovcs are Icon cx- teniling over the plains to the very edge of the ("ca, formed principally by the co- coa-nut trees, wh lie long and naked ftems leave a clear and uninterrupted paffage beneath ; while their tufted and ovcr- fpreading tops form a thick fhade above, and keep off the fcorching ravs of the fun. In the interior part of the ifland, furrounded by mountains of a prodigious height, and about ic; miles from this town, is fituaied a facred lake, half a mile in circumference. The adjacent hills, cover- ed with lofty trees, and the unfrequented folitude of the place, feem more calculat- cd to inl'pirc religious awe in thofe who Vifit this fequeftered fpot, than any (anc- tiry that is to be difcoTered in a parcel of wild ducks inhabiting it, which are deili- t(l and worfhipptd by the original natives, who confult them as their oracles on all important affairs, and facrilice to them. Heing extremely avcrfe to conduft ftrang- ers there, they ftipulate that all guns fliall be left at a place five miles from the lake. The worlhip paid to thefe birds enfures their fafety and tran(]Uil- litv ; and rendering them of courfe perfeflly tame, they fearlcMy approach any one who goes there. The Arabian part of the idanders hold this barbarous fupetftition in the utmoft dettftation ; hut dare not ■forbid the pra6Vice of it, fo bigotted to it are the others. Lon. 44. i ^ . E. lat. 12. 30. S. Hio, a town of Sweden, in W. Goth, land, fcated on the Lake Wetter, 14;; miles S. W. of Stockholm. Lon. 14. o. E. hit. 5?. ;?. N. HiRCH-HoRN, a town of GcrmaTiy, in the circle of the Lower'Rhine, with a ftrong caftle. It is Uated on fhe fide of a hill, on the Ncckar, and beloni:;; to the Eleftor Piiatine. Lon. 9. o. E.Jat. 49. z3. N. H I R ich nature has UcTci them, >cie," fays maj'ir Rookc, tgctalioii to fucli a degree ai f toil in the hufbandman ; Ic is denied ; fo that beyond itias, pine-apples, cocoa-nut3, jrflaii! (all growing fpontant- ivetai)ks arc m.t with. Nor iral beauties of the idand in- 5 other advantages of plenty The face of tlie country is ;lquc and plcafinc;, its fcenes , by the bold ftrokcs of Na- rly' pencil. Lofty mountains their very fnmmits, deep and its adorned by frequent cata- Jes, woods, rocki, and rivu- ixed in " {.ny theatric pride, idfcape. Groves arc lecn ex- r the plains to the very edge formed principally hv the co- is, whofe long and naked ftcms tar and uninterrupted paflagc while their tufted and ovcr- :ops form a thick ftiade above, off the fcorching rays of the he interior part of the iOand, by mountains of a prodigious J about I (, miles from this town, I a facred lake, half a mile in rce. The adjacent hills, covcr- .fty trees, and the unfrequented the place, fcem more caiculat- >irc religious awe in ihofe who ■-queftered fpot, than any ianc- 5 to be difco7ered in a parcel of s inhabiting it, which arc deiii- .rftipptd by the origuial natives, ult them as their oracles on all affairs, and tacrilice to them, remcly avcrfc to conduft ftrang- • they ftipulate that all guns left at a place five miles from The worlhip paid to thetc fures their fafcty and tranciUiU nd rendering them of courle tame, they fcarltMy approach who goes there. The Arabian the illanders hold this barbarous on in the utm»ll detcftation ; not forbid the practice of it, lo to it are the others. Lon. 44. i :• a'town of Sweden, in W. Goth- ited on the Lake Wetter, 14=; W. of Stockholm. Lon. 14' ;.,,.;,. N. •h'-HorN, a town of Germany, „ele of the LowtrRhine, wuh a •aftle. It is feared on fhe iide ot on the Ncckar. and belong" to ftor Palatine. Lon. 9. o. K.jat. N. Htssciu H O L' lIiRCSBFELD, a town of dcrmttiy, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, capi- tal of a priiuipality ot the fame name, depending on a famous abbey, which was ftculariicd in favour of the houle ot llcflc-Caffcl. It is fttted un the rivtr 1-ulde, 16 miles N. K. of the town ol i'ulde, and 31 S. Ji. of Cafl'el. Lon. v 50. E. lat. 50. 56. N. Hjrsbekg. a town of Silefia, famous for its mineral baths. It is feated on the river Bolar, 44 miles S. W. of lirtllaw. HisPANioLA. See DoMiNCio, St. HncHiN, a populous town of hert- fcrdlhirc, with a market on Tucfday. It is feited near a ^rcat wood, called Huch- Wood. The innabitar.ts make great quan- tities of malt ; and the market is very conllderable (»t wheat. It ii> • s milts N. N. W. ot Herllord,and 34 N. W. tf London. Lon. o. 10 W. lat. 51. S^/ ^^ HoCHBERG, a marquiiaie of Bnfgaw, in Gtrmanv, in the circle of Suabia. It belongs to the prince of Baden Dourlach. UoCHSrEX, a town of Germany, in the cifcle of Suabia, remarkable for the great battle gained near it by the duke of Marlboroug,h, in 1704, ai'^ ^"-hich the Knglifl) cab the battle of Blenheim, from a village of that name, three miles S. W. of this. It i. leaied on the Danube, 21 miles N. E. of Ulm. Lon. 10. 33. E. Lit. 38. 40. N. Hoi>i>t.bt>oN, a town of Herts, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated near the river Lea, and is a hamlet in the pa- rilhes of Amwell and Broxburn. A fine fountain, in the centre of the town, fup- plies it plentifully with water. It is i7_ miles N. of London, and three S. of Ware. Lon. o. 5. E. lat. 51. 49- N. HoESHT, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine and electorate of Mentz, feated in a pisin, on the river Maine, three miles from Francfort. HoEN/OLLERN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, cjpital of a county cf the fame name, 25 milts S. of btutgavd. Hoove. Cape La, on the N. W. pnint of Normandy, near which admiral Rooke burnt the French admiral's ihip, with 12 more men of war, the day ahcr the vi6>o!y obtained by admiral RuiTel near Chcrburg, in 1692. Lon. i. 52. \V. lat. 49. 41;. N. HoLBKCHE, a town in Lincolnftirc, with a market on Thurfday ; 12 miles S. of Bofton, and loij N. of London. HoLDERNKSS, a divifion of tht E. rid- ing cf Yorkfliire, which has a very rich foil, and is remarkable for its large breed ef horned cattle and horfes. KoLDSwoRxnY, a large town in De« IT O L vonfhire, w--h a market on Saturday. Tt is feated between two hranihes of the Ta- niar, 43 miles R. N. K. of Kxcter, and 2i<; W. bv S. of London. Lon. 2. 42. VV. lat. 50. 50. N, Holland, the moft confulerable of the Seven United Provinces. Itis bounded on the W. and N. bv the German Ocean ; on the K. by the Zuider-Zee, Utrecht, and GueldciLind j and (n the S. by 7..n- iand and Dutch Urabmt. it is (iividcd into S. and N. Holland ; whi.-h laft is alfo raUed W. IVicliand, to dilliiiguith it from Prielland en the K. fxle of the Ziiider- Zcc ; and the ftates arc crdlcd :he Hates of lioll'Tid and VV. Friclland. The Ye, a fniall bay, which is an cxtcn- fion of the Zu'idcr-Zee. feparates S. Holland from N. H'Uand. The extent is not large, being not above iSo miles in circuinlerence. The land is almoft every where lower than the fca. The water is kept out by dikes, which they are particularly careful to keep in good repair, left the whole province Ihnuld be laid under water. It is crolTed by the mouth of the Rhine and Maefe, by fcvc- ral fmall rivers and by a great number of canah, en which they travel day and night at a fmall expencc. Properly (peaking, it is nothing; but a large meadow, and yet all^ things arc in great plenty, in confequence of its trade ; and the land feeds j^rjat numbers of cattle. It is fo populous, that no country in the world, of fuch a fmall extent, can equal it. The pifturcs are fo rich, that they have plenty of but- ter and cheefe, and the ftas and rivers fur- nilh them with filh. There are 400 large towns, and i3 cities, which make up the ..ates of the province, and feveral others that have not the fame privilege. The hnufcs are well built, and extremely neat and clean. They have linen and woollen manuFaftures, belidc the building of a great number of (liips. This province has a court of jus- tice, which finally determines in all cii- minal and civil affairs ; and its Ilatts, in V hich the fovcreignty refidrp, are comnofed of the deputies of the nobilitv and of tlie cities, befide the ftadtholder. The efta- blilhcd religion is Calvinifm ; but :tll reli- gious (eOi arc tolerated. Ainftt;rdain is the capital, Holland, a diftrici of Lircclnfhirc, in the S. E. part of the county. Jt is , divided into Upper and Lower, and lies contiguous to the (hallow ir.let of the iea called the ^Vafli. In nature, as wtll as in appellation, it refcmhles, the province' of the fame name in tiic KcthcrLm,!-;. It .^ confilh entirely of fens and ir.a; i uf ;* li>nie I H O L TTO L foRff in a ftare of nature, bat others cut by numbcrlefs drains and canaU, and crofTed by railVd cauleways. The !ower, or fouthcrn divifion, is the moll watrry, ■id ii prtTcr\ed from ronltant inundations by nothing but vaft banks, raifed on ehe See Wales, ^T^w South. iieacoaft and riven. The air is unwhole- Holmk, a imah town of C'lmbcrland, {oine, and the water, in general, fo l)racl<> wi(h a market on Saturday. It is i'ume- ifl), as to be unfit for internal purpofts \ times called Abbey- Holme, from an ab- on which account, the inhabitants arc ob> bey that formerly (t'ood there. It is feat- the name of Van Dieman's Land, and which was vifitet) by capt. Furneaux in I77J, and again by capt. Cook in 1777, the land is, for the moft parr, of a good height, diverfified with hills and vallies. ed on an arn\ of the Tea, • i miles N. of Cockermouth, and j 10 N. . W. of Lon- don. Lon. }. 19. W. Jat. 54 VT- N. * HoLMESDAi.E, a rough and woody li^t^d to makegj^fervoirsof rain-wa'er. In fummer, vaft fwarms of infefls fill the air, and prove a great nuifance. Yet even here indulUy has produced comfort and opulence, by forming excellent pafture traft in Surry, lying immedi.itcly heneatn bud out of the fwamps and bogs, and the hiib to the S. and £. of that county, even making tlicm capable of producing and extending into Kent. Red deer are urge croy>t, of corn. The fens too, in ftill found here ; and it is faid to take its their native Hate, are not without their name from the holm oak with which it utility ; and afford various objeAs of cu- abounds. r'.ofity to the naturalift. The reids with Holstein, a duchy of Germany, in which their waters arc covered make the the circle of Lower Saxony, fubjeft to the belt thatch, nnd are annually harveded in king of Denmark. It is bounded on the great quantities for that purpofe. Pro N. by Slefwick, on the E/ by the Baltie tligious flocks of geefe are bred among the and the duchy of Saxe Lavtiiburg, on the untrained fens, forming a confidcrable S. by the duchies of Bremen antlLunen- objecl of commerce, as well for their quills burg, and on the W. by the German Ocean, and feathers, as for the bird itfelf, which being about ico miles in length, and 50 h driven in great numbers to the London in breadth. It is a plcafant fruitful coun< markets. The pricipal decoys in Eng- try, and is well feated for trade ; having land for the various kinds of wild ducks, Ibme confidcrable harbours, particularly teal, widgeon, and other fowls of the thofe of Hamburg and Lu'iec. There are duck kind, are in thcfe parts. Wild gef fc, fome imperial cities, which are governed grebes, goJwits, whimbrels, coots, ruffs, by their refpeAive magiftrates, but the and rtcvs, and a great variety of other religion of the whole country is Lutherai*. fpccies of waterfowl, breed here in amaz- The king of Denmark, as duke of Hol- ing numbers; and (lares or ftarlings re- ftein, is a prince of the empire. The diftrirt fgrt during winter, in myriads, to rooft of Kiel, in this country, wns formerly in the en the retd'i, breaking them down by their poirdfion of the line of Holfltin Gottorp, v,i.'ight. Near Spalding is the greateft and belonged to the late czar Peter III. as heronry in England, where the herons part of his hereditary dominions ; but, in build together on high trees, like rooks. i773,thcprefentcmprefsccdudittohisDi- The avofet, or yclper, is found in great nilli majclty, in excUange for the counties of numbers about Foffdike VValh, as alfo Oldenburg and Dalmenhorft, which flie Itniits and dottrels. gave to the prince biftiop of Lubcc ; To Holland, New, the largeft known that the king of Denmark now poffcffcs land that does not bear the name of a the whole duchy of Holftcin ; and the in- continent : it extendsfrom h\t. 43. 42. S. to tended junflion between the Baltic and within 10. 30. of the equator; and from the North Sea will bo formed entirely ,no. 30. to I S3. 3c. E. lon. lb that its through the Danifh territories, fquare furface confiderably exceeds that of Holt, a town in Norfolk, with a mar , £urupe. When this vaft iftand was firft difcovered is uncertain. About the be- t winning of the laft century, the N. and W. coails were traced by the Dutch : the ket on Saturday; lo miles N. N. W. of Norwich, and iii N. E. of London. Lon. I. 6. lat. $3. ;. N. HoLYHF.At), a fcaport and cape of the ifle of Anglefea, where people ufually embark for Dublin, there being three packet-boats that (ail for that city every Monday, Wedncfday, and Friday, wind and weather permitting.. On the adjacent connecting Tafman's difcoveries withcapfl rocks the herb grows of which they make Cwk'i, cottip-lctcd the circiiir. In that kelp, a fixed lalt ufcd in making glal's, ■|«rc«jf U, which Tafuian Jilliuguilhc4 by and in alum works, nai ia the tkeiith- boi rhuod S. extremity was difcovered by Tafinan, in 1641. Captain Cook, in 1770, ex- pKred the E. and N. E. from 3S°, S. and al'certained its fcparation from New Gui- nea ; and, in 1773, capt. P'tiriieanx, by . tii!M)mSiBiiMmMiHiif>i- ■ In O L Van Dieman't LmH, and fiteti by capt. I'urneaux in lin by capt. Cook in 1777, |r the moCV part, of a good |fied with hills and vallies. 'I-'W 80VTH. Itmaii town of C'lmbcrianfl, on Saturday. It is lome- ibhey. Holme, from an ab- ;rly ftood there. It is (eat- cJ the fea. •» miles N. ^>i and jioN. . W. of Lon- 19. W. ht. 54 vT- N. DALE, a routfh and woodjr r, lying immedMtcly beneath le S. and E. of that county, 5 into Kent. Red deer are ■e ; and it is faid to take its he holm oak with which it , a duchy of Germany, in Lower Saxony, fubjeft to the mark. It is hounded on the ick, oil the E/by the Balti« y of Saxe Laviiiburg, on the :hies of Bremen and Lunen- the W. by the German Ocean, 100 miles in length, and 50 It is a plcafant fruitful coun- wel! feated for trade ; having crabic hdrbours, particularly nburg and Lu'.iec. There are ial cities, which are governed Jipeftivc magi ft rates, but the he whole country is Lutheran. jf Denmark, as duke of Hol- ince of the empire. The diftrirt lis country, was formerly in the ■ the line of Hnlfttin Gottorp, d to the late czar Peter IIL as iicreditary dominions ; but, in efentcmprefsccdcdittohisDi- , in exchange for the counties of and Dalmenhorft, which flie e prince bilhop of Lubec ; fo ng of Denmark now poflTefTcs luchy of Holftcin ; and the in- ftion between the Baltic and Sea will bo formed entirely : Danifh territories. town in Norfolk, with a mar- jrday; 20 miles N. N. W. of and 111 N. E. of London. at. 53. 5. N. 'AD, a fcaport and cape of the glefea, where people ufually : Dublin, there being three :s that fail for that city every .Vedncfday, and Friday, wind r permitting.. On the adjacent erb grows of which they make :ed lalt ufcd in making pai'a, a works ; ^^ad iu- the tkeii;h- boi rhuud H O T^ wi m. m M J4 '" . bourhood h a large vein of white fuller's a.irth, and another of yellow. On tlie ide of Skerries, nine iriiles to the N. is a liKhilioiife. Large llcicks of pulhnit arc often ften here : they all come in one night, and depart in the fame manner. Lon. 4. 11. W. lat. ■;?. iq. N. Hoi.y-Im,ani), a ftnall ifland, on the coall of Northuml)£rl:ind, fix miles S. of Berwick. It is two miles and a quarttr loni', and one in breadth. The foil is rocky and full of (Voncs, fur which reaOm it is thinlv peopled. It has but one town, with a church and a catlic, under which is a commodious harbour, defended by a block- houle. On thi.-. idand, which is likcwile called Lindisfarne, urc theruinsof a flately monaliery ; and here was anciently a bi- fliop's ice, removed firft to (Jhefter-'lc- Street, and afterward to Durham. HoLVv.'Ki.L, a town of Flintfliire, with a maikc? on Friday. Although in great part a new town, it is now, from its vicinity tr the mines, become the innft ilourilliing in the county, it take» its name from the famous well of St. Wini- fred, concerning which lb many fables and i'uperl^itious nations have prevailed. It is a copious ftrcam of very cold and pure water, burfting out of the ^'reiind witfi great imiietuofny, at the foot tif a liill. Bcfiile tile cold bath, celclTated for wonderful cures, formed at the fpriii^,- head, and covered with a bcaurifiii Gotiiic Ihrinc, it is now applied to the purpnfc of turning fcvcral mills for the worl-.ing of copper, making brafs wire, paper, and fnuff, and fpinning cotton. Jt is 10 miles E. of St. Afaph, and lu N. E. ot" Lon- don. Lon. 3. jilVV. lar. 54. 13. N. HoMBURG, a town of Gcrmanv, in the circle of the Upper RUinc, and land- gravate of lIclTe. It is 60 miles N. W. of Francfort, and fubjefl to one of the branches of the houfe of lleHe. HoMBURU, a town of Girinanv, in the duchy of Deux-Ponts, to miles S. F'". of Treves. Lon. 7. 31. E. lar. 49. 16. N. Honduras, a large province of N. America, bounded on the N. by the bay of the fame name, on the E. by the Mol- quito Shore, on the S. by Nicarngtu, and on the W. b^ Chiapa and Guntimala. It IS comprehended in the government of New Spain, although of this province, and the peninfula of Yucatan, on the otiier fide of the bay of Honduras, it has been obferved, that anciently thiy can hardly be faid to have formed a part of the Mexi- can empire. Honduras and Vticitan do not, like the other territories of Spain it the New World, derive their v.iluc either from the fertility qf their I'oil, or the rieh- HON ncft of their mines ; but they produce, in greater aliun.Uncc than any part of .Amerna, the logwowi-tree, which, in dying fonie colours, is fo far preferable to any oilier material, that the confumption of it in Europe it confidcrable, and it i« be* come an article in commerce of great va- lue. During a long peri(xl, no European nation intruded up'n the Spaniards in thefe provinces, or attempted to obtain anjr ihare in this branch of tra^e. Bur, after the conquell of Jamaica by the Englifli, one of tile firft objedls of the I'cttlcrs on that iflaiul, was the great profit arifiug from the logwood trade, and tlie facility of wrefting l.imc portion of it from the Spaniards. Their firft attempt was made at Cqie Catochc, (the S. E. promontory of Yucatan. When mill of the treea near tiiis cape were felled, they removed to the iiland of Trift, in the bay of Cam- peachy ; and, in later times, their prin- cipal Itation has been in the bay of Hon- duras. The Spaniards alarmed at this cncraichment, endeavoured by negociition, remonrtraiices, and open force, to prevent the Englilh from obtaining any footing oi» tliat part of the American continent. But, after ftruggling againft it for more than a century, the difafters of an unfor- tunate w ir extorted from the court of Madrid, in 176?, s reluftant conl'cnt to tolerate iliis fetilement of foreigners ia the heart of its territories. This privilege was coiifiriiicd by the definitive treaty of 17S3 ; bv which, however, it was ftipu- l.itcd, tint nothing in this conccifiou ftioiikl be conl'iviered as derogating, in any rcfpc£t, fiom the lovtreignry of his cittiolic nia- jclly ; th*t if the Englilh had erefted any fortitications in the country, they i]iould be dcmolifticd, and none ererted in future; and that they Ihotild confine themfclve* within a certain diftrict, lying between the rivers Wallis, or Bclli/.c, and Rio Hondo, , raking the courfe of the fe rcpeatad. It is two miles E. bv S. of Ruinford, o[ whiuh it is the mother church, and 14. E. by N. of London. , HoRNDO'* OS THK Hii.L, a town of Eflex, uith a market on Saturday. The f;ill on wh'cb. it 1:. fituafcd commands a i)vajiiful p.ofpett. Jt is i4 milts S. bv \V. of H O R Y rinchrs named the Cq(^ i;llini;hv rivers. It ii the 1, anil tlic only br.iiii.li ot at is commonly nuvi^jattd by \TF.N', a tflrvn of Dutih .il ot a CDMuty '■■'i the I'lnic S. of Bicda. ..i.iU river of EOcx, which nJc.n Hills, wattr.. Stanford- entering tl.f ThanitH, lic- ,gi.ts namt to a iioictl reach movmtain of Afiii, in Arabia t.Kit of whidi is a im.iiat- liili'ip of the Greek cluiich ..c are two or three fine ,1 great number of fruii-trjcs. confiJerablf toivn oi the )vincej, in I'ricilainl, with ir. Here thev fat cat.ic that IJenniark and llolrteiii. It is le li. fide of the Zuidcr-Zcc, E.^, ft Amlterdifii, town of the AulUi:in Ne- api'al of a counrv of rlic (ami: bilhopric of Liege. Lon. u H, 1 town of German ■. ni the ).ux-l' rx.'- of h )rni. is affixed to the E. he church, for which tradition reifon too idle to be rcpeatad. It^ niks E. bv S. of Rtiinford, o. is the mother church, and 14. E- London. , Dov ON Tnr. HILL, a town ot ith a market on S.itiirday. The wh'oh it i.i fuuircd coinmands a it is 16 milts S. bv W.of p.olpflK HOT W. of Chelmsford. 5 N. by R. v( Til- bury h'ort, aid 19 K of Lundun. Lon. o. J,. K. lat. ^1. ;i. N. HoRNSFA, a t<;wn in the E. riding of Yorkfliire, with a market on M 'nd.iy. It Ii 40 miles E. of York, and i*s8 N. of London. I. on. c. 1. W. lat. tj. <6. N. * Horns'- Y, h vhIij^c of IvliHdIcfix, between Hijhg.iti i:id Somiigitt. V iricd vith hill ^iid die, iinil the New iiver wiiidiit 'hroijyh it, ihi.rr is not a more ri:rai {] i in the liciiiilv of iLe ini tropolis, from which it i» 5 inilci N. by VV. Hot.sKNS, a feaport of Denmark, . n the L. te Negroes. In line-, with reO) -cT: to tiiclr fiiape. cirriai^e, are! every mutio!-., their whnle appi ii'.nce in- dicate: ht.-ddi anil content. In 'i t;rmie'i, moreover, a decree of careleirnefs is ob- tervahle', that ri'fe.'^vers _m.(ar o. e (kin c\er their lliotillers, tic ends of it cr> iHn^ caeh other bcf re, ind leaving; iluir mck bare. Anoihcr (km is fahemd r.iuni t..(ir middle, and re^tchei dii\%r! to thcT krees. 'Ihcy befirear their b.i.ius .dl cvei, very lopioiiny, with fat, in wlitell there is m.xcd up a little : " for even in thij citiiiiry," fays the abbe' de la Caillc, " the lex have tiicir charms, wl:!ch they tn.lcavour to hciLhten by (uch arts as are jieciiliar to thcm*Llvcs, and would meet witii little fiicref> clfewiierc. To this end, they no' only ^reafe all the n naked parts of their body, t. make them fliine, hut they bra'd or nisi* ihtir hair as an additional elegance. A lloitentot lady, thus bedizened, has exhautted all the arts of her t.jilcttc ; and however unfavour- able nature may hn^ been to her, with re- gard to (liajie and llature, her pride is wonderfully hat'titd, while the fplendour of her ai)pcar:ince gives her the hi^;hcft degree of I'atisfaditin." But with ,.11 this vanity, they arc not devoid of a fcni'e of modeUy. •' Among the Hotitniots," fays l)r. Sparrm.in, " as v.ell as, in all proliabiiiiy, a.noiig the reft of mankir.d, difperfed over the whclc globe, v e mult acknowledge the fair fcx to be the molt ir.odtf^ ; for tlie females of thii ration cover themklv es much more fcrupulmfly than the men. They feldom contcnr themfclver, wiitionc c^verin^, bur aim. ft til'vavs have two, apd very often three. Thtfe arf m ide of a prepare hkewil'e, generally, the fined and md^ il/nvv. ani, fr..ei lert',' nd.,rntd v.itrh.^!a!s beads I'trui;^ in dirflreiu f.euiti, in a mHni.ertlKU (hov.'s, cvlu amoi,;^ iiie iinpi-liihcd H..ientcts, the fuperior ni-an'.e!', of the ia-, fex in v"!Tk5 o: nrnaii.cr.t, as weii at thcur pow- ers c' invei.itii-'n. and their (l.r(..;,'!rif,n to fi't f.)f their p,-rfn!is ro the be't aOvan- Kigi-." B-'h t.'e- ir.en and \vf r:,cn tene- rai./ go tarciictdtd. Is'ciiher their ^ar* W nor r~ HOT p„r ncfe arc lanrntcl with any pendent orn;«mcrf,. «^ ihtv »>•« ••m'-'ni; f' their irms ^.M l-'g». M'^f" "f 'l:":'* =»." ma-le of link Iciifhtr ftrap., cut in a cir. cuhiv n-.apc ; and thcfc Invc »;iven nft fo the almoft.univerrUiv-rectiv. a notion rhjt the Hotientrits wrap gi-i'^ 'V'li' their It;- , in order lo e,u them occafinnilly. Riny,« of iron, copper, or bral-. of the fi/e of a toofe^uill, are omndered a* more genteel than thofe of leather i bat the gnls arc not allu wed to life any rir-. till thcv are marti.g.-able. The H:.-i.::rofn fcHom wear any Hiocs. What they do we.ir. arc made of undrefT.d leather, wiih the hairy fide outward: they a e rf , ' refctnoling a round beehive or a vault. The ground plot ii from iS to x4fcit iii diameter. The high-.ft of tliem arc fo loxv, that it is fcarctlv polliUlc for a inid- dle-fi7ed man to i\:\x\:\ uprii;ht. But nei- thcr the lowntl'i ..f the hut, nor that of the door, which is harilv thitc feet high, can he conlidertd as anv inconvotiRijce to a Hottentot, who iiiuls no diflu-uhy in floopiog. and rrnwliiig on all-f(Uis, and who isV at anv time-, more inihnctl lo he down than fland. The hre.pl ice is in the middle, and they fit or lie round it in a circle. The low door i-^ the only place that p.dmits the lirl.r, nnd, « the fame time, the onlv outV t that is left for the fmokc. ThcHottcntot, inured to it from his irfancv. fees it hover round him, v ith- out fecluig the Icaft inconvenience aviUiig fton\ it t.; his eves ; while. rolUd up like B hedL'c-hog. and wr.ippcd up fnu^; in his Jkin, "he licj at the hotiom of his hut, quite at his eafc, in the midft of this cloud, except thi^ett. Siuhareth. Hoitenioti in the vicinity of the C.ipe of G.««! Hope. Lieutenant I'a'crf.m. in 1-18. vifntd a Hoitentot village in the Small >Jirni(iui Land, in the ^^. W. part of tlic countiy ■ n conl'irtcd of iq huti and ■bout no in- hal,ifr.nn. The rnfign oC authority, wnrs by their chief, wa* • cane with a braU top, ^\ven m him hy the Dutch Eaft In- dia LVmpanv. The Hottentofn amu'cd them, part of the night, with their midie and dancing: their vlfinrs, in remrn, iri-ir.d them with tobacco and dacka, or hemp leaver, which they prefer even t« tr,h,iCco. Their niufic wa^ produced from Hiites, made of 'he hiik of trees, of dif- ftrcnt fucs. The nun f.Tin themfelvtM into a circle, with li.eir Hutes ; and the women dance round thim. In this trmii- ncr they dance in parties the whole night, bein^' relieved c\crv two hour*. Amonj other tribes of Hotfentotj are the Uofh- mans, who inhabit the mountains in the interior part r f the country, N. E. of the Cape of Good Hope. They arc fworn enemies to the paftoial li'c. Some of th. ,r maxims are, to live on hunting and plun- der, and never to keep any animal alive for th.e fpacc ff one ni^dit. On this ac count, they th<-m'"tlves arc purfucd and exterminated, lil he wild bealls whole manners ihev have affumed. Some of thrill, when 'taken, arc kept alive, ?nd mule Haves of. Their weapons are poi- foiied arrows, which, (hot from a inwU bow, will hit a mirk, with a tolcra-le degree of certainty, at the diftance of 109 pices. From this diftance, they can with ftealth, as it were, convey death to the uamc they hunt for food, as well as to their t'ocj, and even to fnch a tremendous Kail .as ihe lion. Sa^e in his ambulh, the Hot- tentot is certain of the operation of his noifon, vdiich is fo virulent, that it is l.iiJ he his only to wait a few minutes, to fee the heart expire. Their habitations arc n.;t more agreeable than their manner., and maxima. Like the wild beads, butht, and clefts in rocks fcrv them by turns for dwellini's. Mary of thefe fav^gcs are en- ■ tirely nsked ; hut fomc of them cover then- body with tlie fi.in of any fort of animal, prcat or fn.all, from the fiioulder dowu- ward as far as it will readi, wearing it till it fall otr their back in rags. As igno- rant of ag.-iculiurc k apes and moni'.ics, they are obliyed, like them, to warder over hills and dates, after certain rvili roots, berries, and plants, which they en raw. Their tr.ble, however, is comnoled of fovei-al other diiliCs, among whidi are * the not I n» the rieintft, ii turneij ut the milk i» never drunk et«. Siiili «rc ihi Hxirenioti iT of t\if C.ipe of Gixx! H.'pe. Pi'crftin. Ill I' 78, vifiitil a llauc in tilt Sm;ill >Jirni(iui N. W. jnrt of tilt count IV - if i() liut'v and iihoiit ICO in- I'he f nfiijn of auihoriiy, worn ef, V as I cnne with a hrali 1 liini liy the Dutch Eaft In- V, The Hottentots amu'c(< iV the night, with their mufn. r : their vifitirs, in rettirn, n with tohacco and dackn, or 1, which tlicy prefer even t« heir niufic wa^ produced from : of ihf link nf trees, of dif- . The nun Trin themfelvf* t, with tl-.cir Hutei j and the cc round thitn. In this rrmu- nce in p:»vtics the whole ni^^ht, fd cverv two hour*. Amonj i of Hottentot! nrc the Hofh- i'lhahit the mmmtains in tl^e t (f the country, N. E. of the l„od Hope. They arc fworn thep'iftoi.il ll''c. Some of thnr , to live >in hunting and plim- :vi.r to kctp niiy animal alive ic ff one ni^'jit.' On this ac Y thrn/tlvts arc purfucd and cd, lil he wild beafls whule hey hive afTunied. Sonic of ;n 't;d4( n, arc kept alive, siid s of. Their we.ipons arc poi- )ws, which, (hot from a rniill liir a nvirk, with a tolcra-^le certainty, at tlie ditlancc of 109 ■om this dift.mce, they can with it were, convey death to the hunt f.ir food, as well as to iheir even to Tiich a tremendous hi:*ft . Safe in his ambulh, the Hot- certain ot' tile operation of hi* li.h is fo virulent, that it is laid ly to wait a fow mimues, to fee 'expire. Their hibitations jrc aj^recablc than their m.vitier.. w." Like the wild beads, buiht- in rnrks ftrve them by turns for . Mary of thefe Tavrtges are en-' .ed ; but I'ome of them cover tiieir h the (".in of any fort of anim;il, in.all, from the (lioulder dowtj. far as it will rcach, wearing; it otr their back in rags. As igno- agricuUurc as apes and nionku-s, obliyed, like them, to warder Is and dates, after certain wili ■rries, and plants, which they en heir t;,ble, however, is coiripoled il uthcr diilics, among which ^re t'ac HOT HOT ni the larv.-c of \n(:f\% (the catcrpillari in evil hcIiiR, annloKmu to what wi «H from winch buiterdie-i arc produced) the the «Kvil ; but tlicv |»iiv no irlu-i 1 wof- fliip to liun. tfii u.h ffoin Mih loutec thejr derive all ilte eul. thut ha; [irn ; i«nd «• in.iiijr'hcfc ivib tlicv reckon cdd, ram, and tiiiindtr. So iiioullroudy iynoranl (irc ilfv, that many of th» cojoniKs al- furi.d l)r. Spurman, that the Holhmam woiiM ;\iiut« the thunder wirii nunv op- probrious cpiilicts and ihriami 10 affiult tMUvtii., c ainioil to a (liado.v, VV'hin c to regain friends (liould not come back a:.^ain Bt)4 bu', what is wonderful, hauni t!,em nor all 'W theinlehes to bt " m:n!c ufe of by wi/aids, 10 biinj; liny nuiiliiLf oil thofe thit lurvue ;hciii. Some rid authors hsvv l.i I, that the Hutten- tots llecp pr .mireti uliv in the ("amc hiit, and art neiiher aci]u.es nut belin;i{to iiim. Aiv..!hi'r tribe of Hot. tentois, U' iir t'le inv lieutenant I'.i'erfoii, in his i .urn' V t.) the N. W. lu n ■>■:). Tlnir • ' .- . . I. 1*.. i' . 1 . .. !ua teiit'.'t tri.ic Their drcCs i^i C(-mpo the IVins of feals and jackals, the ficfh "f which they eat. When a i;rampus is CH.t afhore, ttiev remove their huts to the pla.-e, and luMiit upon it as 1 mic as :iny part of it r(niains; and, in this m.inv.cr, It fouuri:ius alfids them luncn:'nee lor half a year, tiioii^h in a ^;ri:at nieifure de. caved and patrolled by the fun. Thev (iiie 'r their fk^n >vi'h the oil, th.- odour if wliich is fo p .wtrl'.il, titav iheir nppro.ich may be perceived I'oire time li-fire th.ey appear 111 view. They carry their witcr in tSiC Ihclls of oil rich et^^s, and the with a purt; hi. ::rr occafion to blulh before the Aiiiliorof » beini;s, or any r.f his creatures". Th# country pofftiied bv the Dutch is of pretty c nfuU'rahlc cutcnt, c mprehend- in? not only the lars-e tra^l, between Table Bay nud f'.dfe Bay. but that which is cdl^d ' n ttcntot Holland, extending from Filfe Hty i" the Cjoo dos Agul- ha-, or Cape of Needles, srid the country fartlier E. beyond St. C.'hrifto- pliir's' River, called Terra de Natal. _ ^ The whole of this country is naturally bladdJrs of feals, which ihev' (lion with ■ barren •'r.d nnuiil.iiuous ; hut the indul- iirrows. Mie faoie as the other Ho'tten- trious Dutch have overcome all nauiral tots. With rtlpeft to tiic Hottcntoi>, in diffimi'.'cs, and it produces, not rn!y =» jenrral, none of them Item to hive any fufFKii-ncy of all the ncreTaries of hfe religion. On bcin.^ quelH-ned on the f ib- •'or the inhahi-ants. but alf.) for tbv re- iert^of a Creator 'and Governor vof the fr;'^mefic of all 'h-. European Ibips that ■Univtri'c, they aniwcr, tlm rhey kno«v touch bci-c. The Dutch confider the year nothinj; of the mattej- ; nor do th^ !>p- as divided into tvVo icafens, winch they pear willing to teeeivc any inftru^'-io'v. t-j^ni monfcons ; the wet monfoon, ot All of them, however, ha' e the firmeft winter; and the drv o-il', or fummcr. cipinlon of the noaer of migie; whence Tire firft begins w.th cur fpring in March ; it' might be inferred, ihit they b.'lieve in the lauei- with Septru ber, when our f>:a* U 2 ni«t •HOT tner eni^. In the bail fcafnn, the Cnpe is . rmiclH'u'.'ji'A to foi^s , in June an.l July, if raiivi almoft comiiuuiHy till Cummer. The wtithtr in winier is cold, taw, and ilnpkalftnt 5 but never moie rigorous than autumn is in Germany. Water never freezis to above the tiiickncfb of half a crowu, and as loon as the fun appears, the ice is diffulved. The C?.\te is rarely vifited by thunder and lightning, except- ing a little near the turn of the fealbns, which never does any hurt. Amon^ the quadrupeds of this cuntry are anteh'pes, which go in herds of 20 or 30,000 each ; buffaloes ; camdeopardililes ; the perns- bock, or chamois, a fpccits of antelope, which hai remarkably long lliarp horns, and, when attacked by d -gs, will fit on its hind quarters, and defend itfelf; wild dogs, much lirger than the jackal, which travel in herds, and are very delfruftive to llocks of llieep; t.lcph\nts ; elks ; hyenas ; the kiicd), an animal of a ■ moiife clour, rather lirgcr than oar deer, with three wliite ftripesover the back, and the male having very large twilled horns ; lioas ; j-.ckals ; tigers ; the quacha, a fpecies of the zchra, but more trai'iablc ; rJyfiCre?rofes ; ImrCrS ; domcflic horned cattle ; common Iheep ; and a peui'i:ir fpe- cies of iheep, which are covered with hair inftead of wool. The hippopotamus ' c. river-horfe is frequently Isen here. A- iDong the birds are vultures ; oft riches, whofft eggs are excellent food ; and the I'lxia, a fpecies of gret^arious bird, which builds its curious ncft in the mi- mofa tree, where it forms a kind of thatched houfe, with a regular ftreet of . nefts on both fides, at about two inches diftance from each other, and containing tinder its roof, in one that lieutenant Pa- tcrlbn faw, from 800 to a thoul'and birds. Among the infers are, the termites, or white ants, which do no injury to the ■ wood as in the E. Indies, but, to the grafs, the deftruftion of which they occafion by railing a number of hills, which impede the progrefs of vegeta- tation. The Hottentots eat them ; and lieutenant Paterfon, who tafted this food, found it far from difagrccable. The lo- cufts aUb are efteemcd excellent food by the Bofhmaps, by whom they are driid and kept for ufe. The black, or rock fcorpion, is nearly as venomous here as any of the ferpent tribe, of which there ats' numerous kinds. Tliere are fix fpcci :s about the Cape ; namely, the honed fnake, about 18 inches long, the moft poifonous of them all ; the koufe band, or garter fnake, about the 'ame length, dangerous to travellers on ac- H O U count of reftmbling the foil fo much -n colour, that it is not rcad!!v perceived ; the yellow fn.ike, which i! trcrs in coluir only from the hooded fnake of India, and beir.g from four to eight feer in length, their ("/.e and bright vihov. colour renders it cafy to avoid them ; the put!" adder, about 40 inches in jcn ;th, ' > caiied from blowing itfe'f up to near a foot in circum- ference i :he fpring aJder, very danger- ous, but not common, fr-ivn three to four feet long, and of a jet olack, with v.'hirc (po's ; ,iiui the night fnake, more beauti- ful 'hnn any of the others, above 20 inches long, very thin ; belted with black, red, and yellow ; and havii .;, when iTtar, at night, the appearance rf fire. The coun- try of the Hottentots lies between the tro- pic of Capricorn and 35" S. lat. and is bounded on the VV. S. and E. by the At- lantic, Southern, and Indian Oceans, and on the N. by regions very little, if at al) exp'ored. Hot- AT, an ifland on the coaft of France, 10 miles from Belkifle. It is about iomilesincircuinferei.ee, and wa» attacked by the EngltJh, in 1697, but in vain. Hoi'DAV, a fmall town of France, in the department of Eure and Loire and late province of Boaiice. It hasa manufafture of woollen rtockings, and is feated on the river Vcgre, 10 miles from Dreux, and 32 S. VV. of Paris. Lon. i. 41. E. lat. 43. 47. N. Ilot'vsi.ow, a town of Middlefcx, with a market on Thurldav. It belongs to two parilhes ; the N. fide of the ftreet to Hefton, and the S. (ide to Ifleworth. It is fituatcd on the edge of the heath of the (ame name, on which are fome powder- mills, on a branch of the river Coin. On this heath, James II. formed an encamp. menr, after the fuppreffion of the duke of Monmouth's rebellion, in order the more etfertually to enflave his fubjefts ; and here he firft perceived the nttle de- pendence he couhl have on his army, by their rijoicings on receiving the news of the acquittal of the feven biflbnps. Houn- ttom is if> miles \V. by S. of London. Hoi7-Qr,WG, a province of China, divided into the N. and S. parts ; the for- mer contains eight cities of tlvc firft rank, and 60 of the fecond and third ; and the latter feven of the firft rank, and five of the fecond and third. It is a flat, open country, watered evcrv where by brooks, lakes, and rivers. Here is plenty of wild fowl and cattle ; and the foil pro- duces om and various kinds of fruit. Gold is found m the fands of the rivers ; and they have iron, tin, gnd tutanag. 1.1 H O U rcftmMin§: the foil fo much -n hat it is not tcac".!!v perceived ; iw fnake, which tl irsrb in colour n the hoodtd fnakt of Imii-i. and om four TO ei};ht fecr in Icpth, ; and bright vtliov- cnlourrcndtrs to avoid them ; the pulT iuUlcr, . inches in ,en ;th, • ) called trom iile'f up to near a fuot in circum- ; the fpring aJdir, viry dangcr- ; not common. fr..m three to four i;, and of a jot olack, with white iid the night fnake, more beauti- any of the others, above lo inches :ry thin; belted with l)lack, red, low ; and havii.g, when ittar, at he appcararcc rf fire. The coun- Ke Hottentots hes between the tri- Capricorn and 3 5° S. lat. and is i on the \V, S. and E. by the At- ioiithein, and Indian Oceans, and N. by regions very httlc, if at al) d. ^ , AT, an ifland on the coaft of , lo miles from BellciQe. It is 10 milts in circiimfcrei.ee, and was d by the Enghlh, in 1697, but in inAV, a fmall town of France, in ^artment of Eure and Loire and late ;e of Bc-aiice. It has a manufacture )lkn ftockings, and is feated on the /cgre, 10 miles from Dreux, and w". of Paris. Lon. i. 41. E, lat. jvsLOW, a town of Middlefex, whh ket on Thurldav. It belongs to irilhes ; the N. fide of the ftreet to I, and the S. iide to Ifleworth. It itcd on the edge of the heath of the name, on which are feme powder- on a branch of the river Coin. On ■ath, James II. formed an encamp- after the fupprelhim of the duke onmouth's rebelhon, in order the ttfeauallv to enflave his fubjefts ; ere he firft perceived the nttle de- nee he could have on his army, by rijoicings on receiving the news of qiiittal of the feven bifhops. Houn- s 10 miles W. by S. of London. _ iu-Qtang, a province of China, :d into the N. and S. parts ; the for- :ontains eight cities of tlur firft rank, o of the fecond and third ; and the feven of the tirft rank, and five of ;cond and third. It is a flat, open rv, waiertd evcrv where by brooks, , ' and rivers. Here is plenty of fowl and cattle ; and the foil pro- , cim and various kinds of fruit, is found in the fands of the rivers ; they have iron, tin, and tutana;?. ^ In E';^.E.ofY:.rk:nd E.lat.so.o.N - - H U A Jn (hoTt. there is fuch a variety of all forts ■ t- c^mni dti.s, that it is called the ma- • i/inc if tile empire. , _ '■ HovvoFN, a bri;e Vown in the -• ,.hnir ^ Yrklhire, uuh a confiderabl. niaike.onSuurday. It is lea.ed on tnc r.wrs Ou'e and Dera-.-.t. and ,.vcs name to a Imall diltn^t died H^^'i^": 1:^.. Iti, .5 miles S.E of York, and , 7r ^_^^^ ^^^ ^.^^^^^^^ .^^ _^_^^_ tion of a hcnnit. Lon. 3-"-^V- '•''• ^'- ,.-.. .„,a i^n, in 16.0, he entered the tion Hovr, a town of Germany, in \Ve{>. phalia, capital of a countv (;f the fame third and lafi, in 1610, he entered the ftraits tnat hfA into this new IVUdiierra- nean, the bav known by his name; coa'Ud a great part of it, and penetrated to So de-recs and a half to the henrl of the fro/en zone. His ardour for the dlfcovciy not being abated by the difti- „ame,and^abjc.^to,heehttorofHano. v^r It IS fta-ed 30 the river W ecr, 43 miles N. W. of Zell. L-n. 9. 6. E. U. ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^1- ^7- N. f ,- „„ In fiiHt^ he ftrus'^led with in tl.ls empire ' llKAD.scn, a town of f.^^y- "^ ^Z^, and^'wurld of froft and Inow Moravia, 67 ; and a patent for planting the country, ^' nh a charter for a couipany, ^..— ' • - ■, . J,:\,.,' in.,„ds wa'! obiaiued in .670. In 174^. captain m. »nA a half; and capt.un ChriRophcr at- teniptctUi>r;h.r JilcnvcrieMn 1761. Hut befide thJc, ;*ncl the liitc voyages which fatibfv us ih it wi murt not li.»k torn pal — H~0"E nauth 6£ th( jounicv, thr.r the in mine River itfs in '^^^t* z!,'' W. from Ciairchin River about J to' W the Copper iuiil lou that is (vf Greenwich. Mr. fape on tin? licle "f the Ufiiucle 6- degrees north ; we ?re inc'.ehnfd to the Hudfon s Bay conipany for .^ journcv by land, wl-.ich throws muchadditionai li,;hi on this mailer, He;'.rne's journev back, frm -Ik' Copper- mine River to ChurcinURivci, i-.uedf.l June 30, .772 ; f"t'f"« hcu.sjibleny.l- throw. ,nuchHdd..onai li.ln on t.,. mauer, moft a year -^^^^^^j^ J'^ ^b^v " by aftbrd.n, what -Y - " '^ Jj-- ^^ ^^£"^n u" in^Juhng Labrador, ftr.tin, how much f.v her north, at "'y' ^'- ^„,\ i \\ ^\^s. The en- K-art in r.rne parts of their voya:;e, ftups now N^"' ^; ^^' y ,1,^ ,,„„, .f,,^ inuft go, before they can pats from one ranee f ' |^ Jj'^^^'^^,,";,,,!! ,,,d Da- fide of America to the otb.er. The n.rrh- ^'^^'nl:.^'^'^^^^ R.i.lavion iQes ern Indians, who come do^n to the o.n- v . ^^^-^^'J^ ^^^ ^! ^^, ,„ ,i„ La- pany's fatt.rics to trade, had broug^. to o, i ^^;ff"i ,^.3. forming the ealtern The knowledge of our p,( Zealand, an.l three from that of Sweden. It is lubjeft to tha SNvedes, to whom it was ceded by the D.ines in .6:3. It has one kattercd \il- lat'e, and produces hav and every Ipccies of\onr, more than fufficicnt for us own crrnfumption. In this iiland wa. tlic ob- ftrvatorv of tiie celebrated Tych-r Brahe. lluen is fix miles in circumference, nme m'ies S. by K. of Kifinore, and 14 ><• "7 !■:. of Cupenhajitn. Lou. U- jSj E. lat. 55- i'f-^'" " HuESCA, TTE ilic mmuh of the Copper [•s in hff*fi''^N. and Ion Ci.urchirt RKcr ; that is ^V. cf Greenwich. Mi\ '.V hack, fr- m 'lie- Copper- ChurcliiU Rivci, lilicd till ; in t'ruu he- w.is iiiifent h1- aiiil (Ivcn ir.onilis. Tiie ruund Hiitll'n'!. Bav is brit:ini, including L^ibra'-lnr, and b. Wales. The t-i- liiiv, from the ocean, pfttr ' N Cape Karewell and Da- bc.wccn Rel'ii.iiiun lies Id IkitVDn's liks on the La- Ito the S. forming the ealtern the ftrait, (!i!liMi;uilhtd by its grciit difcovner. . The :s that furround lfiu!(--'.'s with anini.cls wliofc {kins iir Ti^piii'^r in oudicy torhcl'e northerly regions, in 1670, .ijranted to a company, whi; h flit of above ten [.erions, for ra-ic to this bay ; and the/ d r it, ever fince, with i;re;'.t iihlves. Tliey employ f(i;,r o ft-imen, and h-»ve feveral y. Prince of VVale<.' F^rr, iver ; Ni.lfon, New Severn, on tlie •nch co;ti- rhe late iinforiiinate navi- 1.1 Pewrrufe, doftrove I thcfe iie rcttlcmtnt";, Ike. valued at liut the d maf.e ha, Iven fmci; d the cninmcrci. ii a hourilh* 1. Sec Nkw Uritain, Es- nd Labrador. 's RivEK, one of the fined America, ri!ii.g in tiii inoiin- itry, between the Lakes On- ;a!iipiiin. It waters Albany , and proceeds in a (biirhcrly New York, where it enters ■ Ocean, at York Bjy, after a ? miles. The tide riows a few Allany, which is 160 miles York. It IS naviirahle for lanv, and i'i'V (hip^ to Hiidion. n ifland of the Baltic, fix iniles u (;f Zealand, and three from eden. It is iiibjeft to tha whom it was ceded by the ;S. It has one fcattcred \il. educes hav and every fi>ecits :e than fufficicnt far its ovvn In this iiland «as tiie ob- tl'.e celebrated Tych. Urahe. milts in circumference, nine K. of Klfinore, and 14 N. by ii^ien. Lou. Ii, 3"3,E. hit. 55. |fc'»i-i , 1^1. nun, i>e'.v I, v.hich arc all Gated th" bav. The Frene! HUESCA, *^~ irx KJ ij - — '— — I HoFSCA, an anciint and confidcrahle town of Spaip, i^ Arragsn, with a bi- (hop's fee, and a univeiritv. It is ftated on the llTuela, j; milts N. E. of Sara- gofla. Lon. o. ». \V. l.tt. 42. iS. N. HuFSCAR, a town of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a cafilt, 60 miles N. E. of Granada. Lon. z. i->. W. lat. 37. 4:. N. IIi'iOTTA, a town if S]iain, in New Caliiic, 67 miles E. of !\I,uhid. Lon. i. 55. \V. Ut. 40. 22. N. IIULI., or Kl.VGSTON' I P0\ Hl'I.L, .1 town in the E. riding i^f Y.nktliire, with a rnarket on Tutfday and Saturday. It is feattil on a river c illcd the Hull, on the N. fide of the river Hur.ibtr, and is a liandfome large town, with two parilh- chiirchcs. It is fortii'ied, and is tlie lirft town that fliut its gates agalnft Chirks I. but its fortihcatir.ns are luw incuiifider- able, while its commerce Ins increalVd fo much, that it is pribably the fourth port in the kingdom. Its fitaation i extremely advantagC'Us ; for, befidc its communica- tion "ith the Yc.rkihire rivers and canals, if has acccfs allW, by the Humuei, to the' Trent and ail its branches and commuri- cations. Hence it has tlie import and ex- port trade of n^any of ti.e northern and inid.and counties. The foreign trade is chicliy to the Baltic ; b,,t it has alio regu- . lar traffic w"ith the lonti-.^rn parts of Eu- rope, a;:d with America. ?.Iorc fiiips arc fent hence to Grcrlund tijan from any other port, that of f-onJon excepted. The coafting trade for coil, corn, wojI, manu- faftured goods, &.'c. is very cxteufivc. The harbour is arntleial, ccnfilling i,f a dock, faid to be the largefl in the king- dim, with which tlic river CGtTinninica'es. Among the pul)iic !)ai!din;.',>, are the Tri- nity Iloafe, for tlie relief of fcamen and their widows; an exthani^e, and a town- liall. The noble ftone l'r..lg';, over the river, t.) Holdernef.i, was rebuilt in 17S7, and cnnlilU of 14 arehes. ILiIl fends tv-. o m-nbcrs to. parliament, and is 4: niih.s K. ('f Lincoln, 36 S. E. of York, and 175 N. o"" London. Lon. o. 14. W. lat. 53. 45. N. Hi.' I II KN. a town of t!ip Auftrian Nc- theriund'', nine miles S. E. of BrufTeis, Lon. 4. S7' H. lat. 51. 4.;. N. llui SI', a ftr.nig tov.n of Dutcli Fl-ti- dcrs, tapiral of a iiailuvick of the I'ame r.anij. It was taken \y; ihe F:pncri in 1747. I( I'.as a viry fine to-,vnhouit, and tiic pall e of ihi- commander is the l.;, the on*; G»ri'!i ",, and the rtlnr nii"gMi;i,n ; aiul tl'.e I..-, giiage iv a diiki'l 'if the Sc;.M;n..in. 'i'iie govcrtiinont i-i hprcdirary in the houTc ( f Anl'ria, ,ine!m^»»--^-iis:r^iSl£S^le& ^^tt^^i,iJi^. ; tsr "HV' yi5' baili' ; and ''^ "'■"T.'FORD.atownorBerklhire rrWt on We^'nclday, fcatcd on lot- London. Lon. .. 16- W. lat. HtNfi wirh a m the river tvmit am miles the dt'pai irnvincc ^' niil( 40. uViiii N N. of Yorklb It is 34 of Loni HlN Huntin 1 T;\'cr (■•r.e 1 -.-!» 'from CambridgetViire and n fired at the mouth of the river K^r ft.^ n."cs N. of Bridgewa.er, and ,43 W by S. "f Lon»• W. ■^■="',';'uVp™Vi - »^ "" ■^if- ''Vrilk. rf N. An,.ric, which ■1 M V nf Yoik.pnd 109 !^- ""'. , c hv the ftraits or uetroit. ;;"loi;.^o: r!. W. l... •> -N. --;;>- ^J, :r^^^., and its .r p ter .,, which Ic.ds to Cio,ln>anchtr- .■ ; , ncc a Ur.e pUc. l.a..n, no 5 live n-a". — ,hU-'U.' • and, on its banks are found t:j:;^l^^^^o^^.6^^^^r.c. see It Id's thai! now rtdi iiirh] niiici by W. W.of 7.N. lU'N Engl:ti.d by Nori E. and tl-.e S. mi'e E. rr, W :ii: al ri V.ordtfs the S. titul n ?; tarts :erti The. time M /s tIvlis and TiiuNutR Bay. ?,rd-pre\"i; to his being brought to '"^•lH;.s.Nr;ABAD,a town of Hindoo. ft.n nthi- province c." Malwa, hut on the S fide oh^e river Nerbudda and on the ;o':;t"ofNagpour,theeafter„^^^^^^^^^^^ of the Mahra.ta empire. It •» '^°J^'' M \V . of the city of Nagpour- l.on. 7 , ^^VS^VM ""u;^- of Denmark^ in tlie ^K-ciiTv- a county of MoSed on the W. an^^l N. V ; .imptor.O.ire, on the >.. i- <"^ c r.vCambr:d;H(hire, and on V/ by Bcdfc:rdr.i.e. It extend. Lto arc >">• J acrols fX -^^ ^^-' " ^'^'^ 'r- i. p..rt, C(n u .vtfttn took . fenf, w drair.c f corn. I'^ Whitrleica Merc. ^ '•' '. ^ ^, ..^.iih. '■''f S tnd.^I^nlrmc■.^be•top.^i-■ H 'y'^a tovVn of the bifhopric of L-ej-e ,„"G.;;;U.featcdontl.enverMaeU ,. miles S.\y.otLitge. Lon. 5-»-J '^m'i^nABAD,acityoftheD.:ccanof "'^'°'r"-^-"e^i^-tie-.i«: C;^rn;^^-N:b;tiMadras. Lon.,«. ^-^?;"^'^:f^^:^:-M:ic;a;^nn^:^ >!''^'"'^^'?v 'hoVnibu.arvtotheki.^^ 1 1' TTYTT y 'from Cambridge (hire and ire, is IherifF of both coun- me time. |iL, a fmall town in Somerfet- at the month of the river miles N. of Bridgewater, and S. of London. Lon. 3. iz. W. WAR, a town of the province .vhere the G:inges firft enters f Hindooftan. It is 117 miles f the ciw of Delhi. Lon. 78. It). 3v N. , a lake of N. America, which n 80" and S";' VV. lon. and ^i" lat. With lake Michigan, to the W. it has a communica- he ftraits of Michillimackinac ; lake Superior to the N. E. by of St. Mary ; and with lake he S. by the ftraits of Detroit. IS nearly triangiilar, and its cir- ce about 1000 miles. The Indians live Icattered around and, on its banks are found ^'lantiiits of fand cherries. See wi.ix and Thunder Bay. ,T Casti.e, a caflk- in Hamp- t far from Lvmington. It is feat, u' extreme p'lint of a neck of Iind, (hoots into the fta towa'-d the Ifle ;ht, from which jt is diftant. two In this cattle Charles I. was con- Irevloully to his being brought to iussiNOABAD, a town of Hindoo- i tile province r,r Malwa, hut on the of the river Nerbudda, and on the rs of Nagpour, the eaftcrn divifinn Mahratta empire. It is 140 miles . of the city of Nagpour. Lon. 77. lat. 11. 42. N. SLM, a town of Denmark, in the of Slelwick, capital of a bailiwick fame name, with a ftrcng citadel, handl')me church. It is feated near vcr Ow, on the German Ocean, 20 VV. of Slefwick. Lon. 9. o. E. I. 4S. N. V, a town of the bifhopric of Liepc, rmanv. feated on the river Maelc, ics S. W. of Litge. Lon. 5. ji. F. -• 32- N- I Yim A BAD, a city of the Drccan of o'fltan, the capital of Goh-nndi. It ted on a liver that fills into the Kift- ;2 miks N.by E. of Madras. Lon. 78. ;. lat. 17 12. N. HviiRABAP. a fort I.ITK «r. 1 1 v •! h tur.13 fcveral tnu'.^, '«! d :..'ii.; ,nv fi uiit linb wuh w.'vr. A" in lit, n.ft'td ov the in!ii!)i- tat 'i '" I '.ii'*. 'v!i ) w. i .iirvin'; the VI '. ' ' caii.jne I t;i • v t • n of f.e c>u i • 'S;n!p'. This t.wn 1 s r good for .1 1. '.!■ '^.J Tl lie Vt uric, near its : ...I, .i liiilcj S W. 't A IS. Lon. o. . r :ii.43- SS- '^• r'vi r,. a io'i.n ill K.!'i ne of the Ci.' ;.. rci'v, with. 1 .nil.tt ni Stturdiy. It .; ti'i-m' -ly foii' "illii: ; bt ■ its har- bour ha.in^; biiU I'l'. i.ed up. j has now bu < rt.. it In ig inl.:. V\' .it Dover, and 6!i S I' of J.mJon. Ljn. 1. lo. E. lat, 51. 3. N. \ I. J. JABI.UNKA.a town of tSikfia, in the tiiri'i. t Tv'cht'i, 30 iTiilcb S. K. of I' jj.aw. Lon. 18 ic. E. lat. 49. J A CA. in ancent tcnvn of Spam, in Airagf.i), wirn a bi i-.op'i, fte, and a fort, fined on a iiver of tlic 'amr nSinc, among tiv.; iiv .I'.itain'^ '>' Jirr:'., which arc a part of the I'v.c.ucs -- riiilf? N. of Hud'ca, and 50 N b. I'' f S iragoiTa. Lon. o. q. W. lat. 42. 3(>. N. jACi-n -A'.iii. A. a fcnport of Sicily, on the eafter.! dm!*, hftucen Ca'aiiia and Tavormina. Lon. i^ 26. R. lat. 5-.27.N. Jaen, a hand'o.i:' tn.vn or Spain, in A'ld.ihi.'ia. uith a bilJiop's lee, and a ftrong raftlc. It is feated in a country producing excellent fruuv, and very fine filk, ai lilt foot of a m ninra'n, 1 ; miles S. W, of Hae/.;\, and m E. of Stviile. Lon. 3. 22. W. la-. 37. 3S. N. JAFFA, an aiiciint town nf Afia, in Polt("ti:ic. f.-irnierly calhd Jiji^^a. It is entirely fallen from it- n; cii nt j-randcor, »nd is ;o milca N. VV. •'( Jerufakm. Lju. 35. o. R. lat. 3 2. i(>. N. Japs m- a t a n , a fc apnrt oF Ceylon, at the N. end of th.-.t il'aiij, and 100 miks N. of Candv. The Dutch t-ok it from the Pfirtugiiek- in i6;S, ami have con- tinuid ill the poiTt (iimi ipf it ever (ince. Hence they exp(irt tjrtat ']'.nnritios of to- bacrn, and fonie eU!pliant>, v^hith are ac- founied the moft dncile of any in the woild. Lnn. Vo. 4;. v.. 1st. 0.. 4-:. N. ■ jAfJARVAUT, a fainnu*^ p.i!;oda, ii, the pfninfula ut U.ndoolt.in, and jir vincc - 9flAiSt0e:^»«sa^Mr;sfngtt, J A U — of OrifTi. It lies on the hay of B.-ngal, dole to the (liorr, and a few milrs to ihe E. of lake Cliilka. It ij a Ihainlels niaft of builJing, and no oiheraifc rcmarkaliic, than as fine (,( the full ohjetts of Hindoo veneration, and an excellent leamaik. it has no claim to I'vcat antiq'.iitv. It is 31-; milt- S. VV. of Calcutta. Lon. 85. 40. E. lat. 19. 35 N. I AGhit s'DORF, a town and caflle of SilLl.a, capital of a province of the fame name, fva'ed on the river Oppa, 61; miles S. by E. of Breftjw. Lon. 17. 24. E. lat. 50. 4. N. ' J IGFIIKE OP THE CaRXATIC, a tr:> 'I of land, in the pcninfula of Hindoo- ftan, fiibjeft to the Eni;lilh E. India Corn- pan v. It extends along the bay of Bvn- jb;al, from Madras to lake I'ullicate on ihi: N. to Alemparvd on tliL S. and to Coiije- veram on the VV. being loi miles abn^; the Ihore, and 47 inland in the widcft part. The term Jai^hirc means, gcnerady, a grant of land from a fovcrcigii to a fuh- jetf, revokaule at plcafure, but generally a life-rent. But the Jagh r; of ttic Car- natic, major Rem lII thin'-, is umkrflood to be held in perpetuity. It contains 2440 fc)uare miles, and its revenue is about 1 50,0001. per annum. J Acjo, St. a large river of S. Ameri-. ca. in Peru. It falls into the South Se.i, after having watered a fertile country, abounding in cotton-trees. j AGO, St. the largeft, moft populous, and fertile of the Cape-de-V'trd Ijlands, in Africa. It lies 13 miles wcftivsrd of the idand of Mayo, and abounds with high barren mountains ; but the air, in the rainy ftal'on, is unwholcfomt to ftrangeis. The animals are beeves, horfe^ alTrs, mules, deer, gi ats, hogs, civet-ca;>, and wtll-proportii.ned monkies. Thiy have fowls and birds of almoll all forts, as welt as Indian corn, plantains, bananas, poirpions, (iraiires, Itmons, taniarindf, pine-applc;, Locoa-nuts, g'.iavas, tar, ap- ples, aii, alviii'idin;^ in all the necvfiiirus of lift, at the foot of the .Andes, op tiu' river M - priio, wliich runs icrofs it fri-n F.. to W, Here are feveial canals, and a dike, hy mean* of wmcli iliey ^^urer the gardes and cool tf'e ftr' cis. (t i'- Ciibj rf to canh- <]uakes, and the inhabitants are native Am;- i^t- '''JUn^j-'-i "^ J A M Americans and SManiaids. Lcn. 71. 5. W. lat.34. 10. S. J ago-I)E-Clha, St. a town on tlie S. coali ot the ilhiiid «t Cuba, w ith a i;ood haruour, at tlic bottom of a bay, and on a rivtr ot lilt laiit name, J ACiO-DK- 1.0S-C'a V ALLEltOS, onC of the piinclprtl twwns ot tlie illand of Hif- paiii .la, kiittd oi\ t! e livtr Yajiue, in a tcriilc lull, but bad air, if miles from Conci p'ion-dc-Ia-V'tf^.'.. J Aoo I'LI.-Enti R. ■, St. a town of S. Aii.ciicr., on^' of the moft ct'ir.uierable of 'I'ucuman, ami tlic ui'ual rtl'.dcnct: of the ii.qiiilitor of the province. It is felt ' on a Urge nvtr, 47; niilcs fro;n Potod, Loii. Ci.'o. W. lat 18.15.8. Ja(;o-de-i.as-Vai.lks:, St. a tnwn of N. Amirica, in tlie aiuliencf of Mexico, itattd on tlic iver I'anuco. I.'.ii. ico. o. W. lat. 23.0. N. Jauo-pk-la-Veoa. St. or Spaxism Town, a town of the iiland of Jamaicn, ■where the alTtir.hiy and the gr.nd courts of julUtu are held. Jr is ftattd in a plc- fant valley, or. the Rio Cobrc. Jt was Once a populous place, Coiuaining two churches, a nu-nalU-rv, and leveral ehaptls ; but it is now reduced to a i'niall compal's, ana ha-- onlv one fine church, aiiri a cliaptl. Ucini; an inland place, its trade is iuiall, but levcral wealthy nierclu'.ats and gcntle- mtn rehdc lure, living in a j; ly niinner. It is hated near the S. K. part of the ifland, about ieven mih s N. \V. of Pert Pallaj^c, on the bay of Port Roval. Lon. 76. 49. VV. lat. ik. 6. N. Jaoodna, a town of Turkc; in F.u- ropc, in ijervia, feated on the river Mo- rava, 70 milts S. V'.. of fkl;;radt'. Jaicza, a town of Tuikey in Enropr, in the prownti; of Bi.fnia, 56 iviles N. K. of I'.olr.a Strago, "ith a Ilron^ citadel, and feateJ ' n the liver Plena.' J AKiTMCdi. Sec Y Airg fort cf In:r>.s in the RtJliian governni.jnt of Sr. Ptterftnir-:-, ie.'.ted on a rivtr of the fame nainc, ij miles N. E. of Narv.i. J A.M AGOi'.ori,a l;r.:n;' f.nvn of InivJ-', jn the Ruihm j;;;vern;v,ir.L of Sr. I'l'-rf- burg, le;;tcd on 'he J^ina, i ?. n,-.l'. s 'N. )"-. of Narva. Lnn. i-^. 3. E. lar. -r. 3-. N. JAMAICA, a.n ilhitid of ths W . I:;i!ics, dU'covtrtd by Curiftopiicr Ci-l-.i'r.bnv, in 14<)4'. It is fi'.uated in thfi /.ti->';t!c Ocear, about 4C00 mi'ii S. W. of h".;ii>!apd. It has the illaiH!.<'t ilifpanicb, ;•.■ ihe di;i iiv.x- ,pf 3'.- league'^, f) the call- ; C-;:ri, at abof.t the famedifuncc, to the nc ih ; the I'ulf ' of 11 iiKiurasto '.he welt ; Jjnd Oarha-.vjaa, fin the grcutco.iEi'icnt of S. Amcnca, to — -^- ---■:'-- JAM ~ -'"^ tlie S. dlflant 141; leagues. It is about 150 miles in length, and 40 in breadth. It is rjf an oval figure, and griws nar- Mw from the middle, till it ttniiinatts in two points at the extremities of the ifland. It contains I'.pwanl of 4, gco, 000 of acres, and is divided by a ridge of hills which run nearly from K. to W. from fea to fca. Here abundance of tine rivers take thtir rile, and tiow from h ith fides in gentle flrtams, rcfrtfiiiiig the tallies as thty glide ahmg, and fur- nilliing the inh.ibitants with fwcct and cool v.'ater. They are well (iored with (ifh of varii'us kind., not kno',\ n in Eu- ropt!, but excceilingly good. However, they have eels antl trawfilh in great plenty, not unlike ours. None of thefe rivers arc navigable, even for barges : hut Ibme of them arc lb large, that the fiigars are carried upon them in canoes trom the remote plantations to the feaiide. They are fo numerous, that it is impollible to di laibe them all, and tome of them run under gr mnd for a confiderable fpace, particuiariy the Rio-Cobre and tlie Rio- Pedra. Tiic ipanint..ins, and iivletd the greateft part of the ifland, are covered with woods, which never lofe their ver- dure, but look green at itll times of the year ; for here is an eternal fpring. T!:crc arc a thoufand different kinds of trees ad .ruing the brow of every hill, ir- regularly mixing their different branehes, appearing in gay confullon, and forming groves ai-.d cool retreats. Amung thefc arc the lignum vita;, the cedar, and the ni:;hnganv -trees. In the vallies arc fiigar- cani-sl and Cueh a vaiicty of fruit-trees, as t 1 make the cjimtrv h ok like a parailife. Pi:v to balance this, there arc dreadful al- ligators in the rivers ; guianoes and gaili- v-.ifps in the fens and marlhes ; and fnakcs and noxious aiiiniah in the monn- t.-.-.ns. The longel\ day is abcu; 13 h-urs ; nnd, abjiit nine in the morning it ij fo in- tolerably hot, that it Would he ditlicult to live, if "the (eu breezes did not arife to coul the air. Sn-netiincs the nights arc r.ctty cool, and there are great dews-, wh-c'i are i.;nkcd up^Mi as uiuvhollome. efrccia!'-' to [ new comers. There arc two i"|.ri'n;;s or hrarons, for planting grain, ;;-<,l the yar is diuinguiliicd into tv.o fe.i. f.Mis, wl'ich .'ve the uet .nnd dry ; but the r n-s are n n fo frequent as they were for- HKilv, " ti'.e tuiini", •ninths of July, Augnft, and September, ai ■• called tac hurneans mouths, be-cault til' 11 ih.v a'e tiie nioll f^eipient ; ar.d '■■;htnii!g ahiioft every nignr. hich is fappnfcd to be owins.'^ to \<}.r down of the woods. Tiic tlicve "to J A iVl lant 141; leagues. It is »br>uf in length, and 40 in biLidth. I oval figure, and grius luii-. tlic midille, till it terminates iints at the cxtromitics of the contains I'.pwanl of 4,500,000 and is divided liy a ridgc of 1 run nearly from K. to W. to Tea. Here abundance of take their rile, and How from in gentle ftreaiiis, rcfrtfiiing as tlity glide aLmg, and fur- t inhabitants with fucct and They arc well ilored with ii^us kind., not kno',\ n in Eu- exceedingly good. However, tels and crau-i'ilh in great t unlike ours. None of thefe lavigable, even for l)arges : but Lm are lb large, that the fiigars upon them in canoes from the uitationi to the leaiRlc. They nerous, that it is impollible to icm all, and Ibme of them run ui;d for a confiderablc fpace, y the Rio-Cobre and the Rio- riic iP.ount^ins, and indeed the art of the iflaud, are covered Is, which never lole their ver- look green at iill timea of the ■ here is an eternal fpring. a thoufand different kinds ot iiini;; the brow of every hill, ir- iii\ing their different branchrs, in gay confufion, and foraiing ,1 cuoi rctrtais, Amung thtl'c ;num vita;, the ccdir, and the -trees. In the rallies arc fii;;ar- fueh a wiiicty of fruit-trees, ;is he c'jiiiurv 1' ok like a parailife. ance this, tii'.re arc dreadful a!- the rivers ; guianoes and J-,si!i- thc fens and niarlhts ; and d noxious aiiinirils in the iiioun- e longefi day is abcu; 1? h-urs ; nine in tile nn'rning ii i.^ fo in- lot, th.tt it Would lie diiliciilt to le fca breezes did not arife to ,ir. 6jmetiine3 the nights arc .), and there are great dews, :; i.iokcd up:Mi as unudioHome, to new comers. There arc ;s or iVaibn^, for planting grain, \ir is diuinguiliied into tv.o f^A- :'.\ are the wet .nnd di y ; but the in fo fre(iuciit as they were for- lich is fu'jpofcd to be owiiiL'^ to )if down of the woods. Tiic July, Auguft, and September, tac hurneane mouths, becauU ,• a'e tiio mo'X f*eijient ; and lightnii'.i; almuft every nigiir. "■ ,, -,c: Tt.tre a^iWiiiit n ii-f - [ J A M J A N There is not above a tbitd part (.f the ifland inhabited, ti.v tlie piant.ition'. are all Here ,.ikI there arc fa- uhere the ori- by the lealide. vannas, or large pi nns, rinal natives iiied to pi ml their Indi.in corn, and w'.Mch the Spunards made ule of for breeding their c.aile, but ihele are now i^uiic bare and barrui. The gentle- men's houfes are generally built lo.v, be- ing onlv one llnry, on i>cc unit ot the hur- ricanes'and earthc]UHkes ; and the nc.rres huts are made of recds, and will h'lM only two or three perfons. The comm' n druik IS Madeira wine, or rum punch. The common bread, ov that whicii fervcs for it. is plai.!-.iins vanis, and calTava-roots. The\aiv,sare like potaties, only coarUr, and of a much larger hze. But, in Ftf- bruary i->n. bv the benevolent dirc('tions of bis Majeltv, a great number of the - „ bread fruit irti< w re nmught here from I.on. 16. c. W. |at. 13 15. N. Otabeiti, by the Providuice irii-afe, cap- ' ' " t?,in B!igh, in ordt-r t'l oe introduced into the d lite re lit plantations. Hogs are pkn. tifui, and tluir niuuon and lamb pretty go,id ; but the UrvaiKs gcneriUlv feed ifland is in Lon. 76. 41;. W. lat, 18 .2. N. J '.MAN A, a town of Afin, in Arabia Ftl'\, capit d of a pnncipilitv thai lies bc- tv.'i'ii Ha;Mr, Oman, and Araliia JJefcr- ta, felted on the rivtr Ali.'ui, 150 nules VV. '-I KIcarif. J AMiii, or Jamkis, a feaport and fmall kiiigdtjin of /.fi.i, (Ui tile laliirn coaft of the lihmd of Suir.ura. It is a trading place. The Dutch have a fort here, and export pepper hence, wiili the bert iort of canes. It is 160 mile- N. of Bencooleti. I.o'i. 10;. 35. E. lat. o. ^0- N. ' J am:.:. Isl.A.VD. an id.ind of Africa, 30 miles up the river (Jambia, in ths middle of tht! river, '.ind fhr^c miles frorrt its neareft fliore. On this idand, whieil is about a mile in circumference, tht- Eng- ilh have ;. for' and a tonluitraulc futiory. ' Jamks Ii,(w\Nu, an illand of N. A 1, erica, opjiofite Ci.arlefton, in S. Caro- lina. It coniain^ ab.uit :o fan-ihes. • Jamks Rivi k, a fmc ri.er of Vir- ginia, in N. Americ.i, which enters the gooa ; otic 11. e .ti^tiuc ^tt.,...;..* .w*. j.... ., ... ... .. ...^. .,..., ,,,,...,, ..ii.v,,3 mc upin Irilh fait- beef, anti the negroes have bay of Ciiefapea'-', near J-.nnes T'-wn. - herrings and falt-fiiii. The cirmmon drels ' .1 '.MES, St. an h'-f;-.!;.!! r.nd iurying- of the men is Imrn drawers and waift- ground, not tar 'rom lliilil in SvifTYrLuid, coats, thr.ad ft.'ckings, nnd handker- and iie.u- the I'nr.ill river Btc. It is celc- chicfs tied round the head ; bur, upon brated for a del'perate combat, foiiglit by public oecafi'jns, the gemlenun wear wigs, about ^-00 Swits agaiult an army of 30.000 filk coats and walftc^als, trimmed with French, co uu.nndeii by the dauphin, aftcr- liivcr. Tie ladies au- richly dreft, and ward i.ewi, XI. in whiehonly 32 ofthe for- the fervant-ioaids wear linen gowns. The mer reniniPOi! alive, dtfperati ly wourdcd, current coin is all Spanifh uiinev, for on the f.eid of battle. Sixteen that cfcap- that of the Enplilh is kejn as a curiolity. ed from the lie!d, were branded within- The general pr. duet of this iP.and is faniy, for n;* having lacrilked* their lives fuuar, null, ginger, cotton, indigo, pi- in defence of 'heir country. The con- menta, chicolaie. feveriil kinc!s of wofids tjucror himfVif, who i\ as compelled tp re- and medicinal drugs. They have foitle tire with his army into Allatc dtclarcd, hich is but inhli'e rent, and u!ed ilru furh an 'her vip.ory wniiid ruin it. tobacco, u only by the Negroes w-!;o can fcarcc hvc without it. They have no forts of Euro- pean gram ; but they have Indian corn, Guinea corn, and peafe of variou.. kinds (but none like ours) with variety of r-^^ots. Fruits are in great plenty, fuch a^ Seville aiul China ■ ranges, common and Iwcet Jemo.ni, ihaddrcki-, citrons, p' megran.ites lees, fwet'--fops,papaws, pint-a;:phs, 44. N J AMIS Town', a town of N. Ann rica, or.ce the capiial of V'rginia, feated in a pcninfuli, on the N. lide of James Rirer, Lon. 76. zq. W. lat. 37. 3. N. '*■■ Jamfs Town, a boo'igh of Trcr land, in the CMinty of Lcitriui, five miles N. VV. of Cirvick o■^ Shannon, and -3 N. W. . f Du.ilm. Lon. 3. 15. W. lat. 53. Oar-apple'--, prickly pears, alicada pear; Hiclons, pompi'-ns guavas, and many other forts. The comnuiU difte'npeis are, fevers fluxes, and *he dry gripes. There are I'.air negroes to a white inan ; and . f the former, there arc aliout 13-0,000, befide a mixed breed, between the blacks, whites; and mulat'.oes This liland v.as t^ken by the Enghlh m 16; s- Tiie principal toivn is Kin^lion ; but St. I ago de la Vegi, or So tiilh Town, is the feat of government. The csnirc of this itlSl^l^fSSSilSi»»ls<»l^ifliSi^^>^*^*^''^*^^^^^f^^'''^ J ■>. MrTs, f> town of France, in the dc- partmi'nt of T'.leufe and late provir.ee of Bo'ro's, I?, mihs S. of S'.cn;..!. J A K I r. RO. See R i o J a .v i k r o. Javn A, a territory of Turkey in Eu, rope, in Mactdonii, li'-unded 00 the S.by Livadia, on the W. by Albania, and on the E. bv the Archi'ne! igo. It is the Theff^'.l' I of the ancients, and Lariilu the capitiil. Ja:.NA, a town r,f Turkey in Europe, in the province- of J?.!:na. It is inhabit. d bf by rich Greek, int-rthnnts, iind is C>i niites W. (if Lirilii. L'Jii. zi. ?(>. K. idt. 59. 44. N. J ANOWIT/,. a town of Bi hcitiia, in the circle of Kniilliim, rimoii'- for .1 H.ittlt, in l54?, between ihc !>ivt(ii'-> anJ liiipirial- iflt, when the Lurir \\\.rc .Itfeateil, It is 4S milin S. E. of I'rii;;iit. Lun. 15.3''. E. I;it. 40- 4=;- J**- |apav, a lari;c couiitiv m the tnnft e.»i\tin part of Afii, with the titi.' of an empire. It U fiinpoftil iif I'tvcral lilunds, the piincipril r^^ which is called Niphon. It WAS ilifrnvereJ, in k;^:, hv the Porui- giiete, who were rail on Ihore by ;i ttm- pell. The wi.nlc empire is divided into ffvcn principdl countries, whicli arc Uibdivide.l into -o prninccs. Jt is the richcll cjtuury in the wo'ld for gold, and ttie uir and wucr aro very good. It proiluccs a greit deal of rice, which they reap in September ; milict, whcnt, and oirlcy, which tliey t;et in in May. Cedars arc common, and lo larjje that they arc proper for the mafts of ih\\ii and columns for templf«. They have a large quJTitity of porcelain, filk, and (kins, as alio red pearls, which are not in lef^ cOecm than the white. In (hort, Japan is accounted one of the bed coun- tries in Afia. The inhabitants are natu- rally ingenious, and have a happy memo- ry ; but thtir manners arc diametrically oppofite to thole of the Eiuropeans. Our common drinks are cold, and theirs are all hot ; we uncover tiic head out of rclpeft, and they the feet ; we are fond of white teeth, and thoy of bl.ick ; we get on horfc- back on the left fid'j, and tney on the right ; and they have a Ian-;uage fo pecu- liar, that it is underftood by no other na- tion. The fcicnccs are highly efteemed amntm them, and they have ieveral fchools at different places. Thofe they ftudy mod are arithmetic, rhetoric, poetry, hif- torv, and aftronomy. Some of their fcho^jls at RIeaco have each 3 or 4000 fcho- lars. Thev treat the women with great feverity, and p'jnifh adultery with death ; Met a man mav take as many wives as he pleals. The Japarefe are naturally i^ood folditrs, and fl.ilful at fliooting wiih a bow : however, as they inhabit nothing but illands, thev are rtldom at war with their neighbours. They formeilv carried on a trade witli the neighbouring coun- tries ; but now all r iiinuinicntion wilh orhers is forbidden, erp.r^iliy with Chril- tl.ms ; for they do not I )oTc upon the IJutchto i)e ruch. Tl.cir einpcrt.r is call- id Dairo ; anil in tin: minority of one of rhein, in i 1 <.c, wl.m thev had civil wars, ^' one of the ccu)petit(-r> for rlic crowu af- fumed the ccrltl'i il'ical government, re. taining the fame title ; while the other, who ruled in civil atfiirs, was called Cuba; and things iiave remained on the lame fv>if'i)g to this day. T^'e Dairo is the ciiief emperor, and confers the dignity upon the Dther, as if he were his vaffil. Vic relidcs at Meaco, and has no lands ; but he has a rii^iit of felling titles and dii;;. iii'.ies ; and the idolatrous prierts make j;reat coiitiibutions. He wears a black llabit, and a cap up'n hi^ head. His feet niu!l never touch the ground, nor mud he ever Ijc e>p( fed t > tne rays of the fun. He never cuts his hair, nor his beard, nor his nails ; ^ind all his vii'.Uials r.iuft be died in new vedels. When he j;oe8al)roa(l, he is carried by 14 men in a litter, furround. cd with curtains, lb that he may fee, and not be feen. He has generally twelve wives (each of whom has a palace), with Tinging and dancing women for his divtrfion. He has alio an unlimited number of concubines. His palace is adorned with ^65 idols. The religion of the whole country is pa- paiiilm i but there are two different fefts. There were once a great number of Chri*"- tians in different pans of the empire ; but, in 1638, they underwent great perfecuti. ons, infomuch, that that they were all ex- tirpated. The caufc of thi» was the oppofition of the pnefts ; the haughty be- haviour of the Portugucfe, they not allow- ing feveral wives ; and tiie perfuafions of the Dutch, who told them, that their eirio peror would become a fliive to the Pope. The emperor of Japan is 1 fovereign mo- narch, and all the petty kings are his vaf- fals. His army gencr<.lly conlifts of 100,000 foot, and 10,000 horle, exdufive of thofe maintained by his valTals. His ordinary revenue his iminenfe. The pa- lace of the emperor is at Jeddo, in the ifland of Niphon, ani it is the capital of the whole. The only Europeans that trade with Japin, are ths Dutrli ; and whenever their diips arrive, they take away their guns, fails, and helms, and car- ry them on Ihore till they are ready to re- turn back. In the abfence of the fliipt, the faftors are (hut up in a I'mall peninfula, and are not fufTtred fo much as to have a lighted candle in their houfes in t^e night- time. The merchandife which the Dutch carry to Japan are fpices, fugar, filks, li- nen and woollen clo;h, elephants teeth, and haberdifliery wares ; for which they receive gold, filver, cabinets, and other japanned and lackered wares. The Japanefe have neither rabies, beds, nor chairs, but they fit and lie on carpets and mats in the manner of the Turks. Jai'ara, a. fcaport of tUe £. Xndies, i« •■••i'-^ r'-'ii III 1 IT n «Hi M*i iiiifii J A P Itfiil^ical government, re- ne title ; whilt tli« 9. when their general, L' wis I. prince of Conde, was killed. It is fcated on the river Charente, :o milts W. of Aiig>-ii- lel'mc, and 235 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. c. 4. W.lat. 45. 43. N. J AROMlTZ, a town of P.(hcmi:i, fcitcd on the river Elbe, 27 miles S.W.ot'Glat/., and 52 N. E. of Prague. Lon. 1 5. 57. E. lat. 50. 22. N. J ARosLow, a handfome town of Auf- trian Poland, in the palatinate ot R:d Rulfia, with a ftror.g citadel. It is rt- mrirkablc for its great fair, its handlom-- buildings, and a battir gained by tiie Swedes, in 1O56, after which they took the town. It is fcated on the river Saine, 5^ miles W. cf Lenil)urg, and 100 E. of Cracow. Lt.n. 12. 43. E. lat. 50. 4. N. Jarrow, a village in the bLOmpric of Durham, lituated near Shields, on tiic Tyne ; where, in 171)3, ^ I'^onc wai dug up in the church, importing that the foundation of that building wis begun lii (174, in the reign of Egfrid, lihg ot Nor- thumberland, by Ceolfrid, its abiiot. Jasen'ITZ, a town of Gern::i:iy, in PruHian Pomcrania ai;d in tiie dutnv of Sretin. It is fcated at the mouth of' the Oder, eight miles below Stetin.^ JasoJ-E, a (eaport of Perlla, o.t the gulf of Ormus, and in the province cf Tuberan. Lon. 59. 1 1;. E. lat. li. 10. N. " J ASSELMERE', a town of Hind ji.fTan Proper, in a I'mall territory of the ('.nie name, fubjcft to a petty rajah, in the pro- vince of Agimerc. It is 6S'o miles N. of Bombay. Lon. 73. o. E. lat. :7. 34- J^- Jassy, a confidcrablc city of Europe, the capital of Moldavia, and refidcnci of the hofpodar of that country, who is a vaf- fai of the graud fi^nior. in 1753, the J A V s% hole city, with the palace of the hofiKJ- dar, fnme popilh con\tiits, and a nt«r Lutheran cliiiKh, was defuoyed by tiie. It isliaitil in the river Prtith, and is a well-t.iiti'itd phice, defended by a caflle. However, it has been I'evtrat times tnken ill the wars between the Turks and the KuHians or Aultri^ns; the laft time by the latter in 17SH, who reltored it by the peace of Keichlnl ach in 1790. Lon. 17. 35. E. lat. 47. 8. N. * J ATS, THi-, once a powerful Hindo» tribe, in Ilindooftan Proper, to whom all that now remains is the fmall territory of Bhartpi.ur, 45 miles W. of Agra. Java, an idand of the Eaft Indies, lying 10 the S. of the equator. It is {.'tne- rally known by the name of Great Java, to (liOiiiguilh it from Bali, by fome nameJ Little Java ; and it is about 410 iniM in leni;ih, and of various breadth. The N. cuall has a great mnny commodious creeks, biys, harbours, and towns, with many little iflands near the fliore. In for- mer times, it had as many petty kings as there were large towns ; but now ir has two kingdoms only ; one of which i» uniier the j'liil'diftion of the king fif Ma- taram. anc the ither Under the king of Bantam. Tiie iniiabitants are a barba- rous, pi-oui', and tierce people, of a brown c mipltxi T,, tlat faces, thoit coal-black hair, large tyebruws, and large cheeks withfmaU eyes, and large eyelids. The men arc very robuft and firong-l'mbcd, and very pro- per for war ; but the women are final!. The men wear a piece of caiico wrapt twu or thiee limes round their middle j and the women wear tlier.i from their ;.rm- pits down to their knees ; but all ether parts are bare. The -ven ha\e t^vo or tnree wives, and levcral toneuijint?, ac- cording to their circumftatKcs. Thole lying near t'le leilide arc generally Mahome- tans; but wiihin la-ui they are Gentoos, abHainine irom fiefii if all kinds. It is a I'ertile iiland, and lias very high mnm- tains. rcacliing tj the clouds, particularly ihe I'eppcr mountain on the S. fide i.f the ilknJ. It hashkewife impafTable forefis and wilderndi'c^ ; 4)Ut to tlic N. between Batavia and Eaiitani, is a very popultjiis counny, fiiii of ricc-tiekis, ar'd all funs of wild and tame animals. Here al;b is l^Lniy of i'alt and pepper, bif.ric nioft forts uf iruir:, proper to the clima-e. They have nll'o plenty of hog-,bceve•^,r'.nd (hecp, with oil.tr tame creatures. They have likeiA-ilc fowl, both wild and tame, in grett abundance. In the woods, are lirgc ti- gers, rhinocerofes, and other wild bea'lsj and in the ruers a'e croccililes. The air IS as teuiiJtiate jud heulthv a> any part of the I C E nw r.aft In.liM. The vt^o^ igrceii.'.^ >V«. breezes anci a Vffv serene fsv. ill. N-.vem- beri .ind ihcn ihe ..u u be^ii. vvhich i.iV the lo'.v ProuiuU unil- r it.. K.U tne in- feas. ana cmiinuc t.l Mhv. In March ,hcy l.c^,n ... U.w, .nciu. Ju!v ...clUR..r ■nd .ire l,.p-i.tonpc->i >'..< S>pH;m..cr tnd Ortolur arc -Iv bt.t momns lor all IDA JimnedjTO to il.i» mountain, ami iliatotlicn are tonhned to il>f ice lu^ir tlii>. ilLind. Tii.:ir '.vi.-ilt! arL uaturcd ab.-ut, at iidil- tant. frv.ii cacti ...litr, « micMW.f UuavMd. divu - ^nBirinto^^voparr.. Th,s,il;.v.l,sttv-ltlv under the dnmim.-n of tht Dmch; ni.d, b.fi.K^n >. .. na....of a.. ..ee king JoUtomake.n i.lurieamn. aad.ipon dens. La, from 6.. to - , . W. that account difarin.d th.m ; and vet. »f'cr th'.t tluy baibar. uflv malfacred tluin «li, to the number of lo.cco men, women, .nd chiidn.N and lei/cd tlvir eflcMs. Java is to the S. of tlic idand ..t Sumatri, from which it is only fcparr.t.d by the flraits of Sunda. Lou. from 105 to 1 to E. lat. from 6 to S' S. Jawe: , a ftronp town of Germnnv, in Siltfa, capital, of the province of the luiic rame, wi-h a citadel, and a large Iquare, furr unded by pi'.z/as. It is 1. in.Us .,. of I.ign.t/, and 8S b- ofPra-ue. Lon. • 16. ?6. E-'.-it- 50' S'S-N- *■ JaYI'OUK. SlC JVEPOl'R. IcoRt-,, of iBiiKG, a town of ^erma- vv, in the circle of Weft-phaha. ^^ ^^^ Ihnpric of Ofiv.burgh, .0 mdes ... W ■ vt OftUburgh. and 30 N- f'-."* ^l^n-Mcv- Lon. 8. lO.K. lat. 5:. i). 'N. « Ice, Vali.ey, or. Ska Glaciers OF. See ICEi-AKi), a large 1 i-Aand to tl-.e N. (f 1CE1..\KIJ, «■ 'u.Q- ■- - Europe, about 400 ""''^^ '" ''^"l''' """* ,co in breadth, r.-i two nrnihi. to,;e. ther the fun never fets -, and in the win- ter it never rifes hv the tame fpace, at leafln-.t entirely. The m.dele r,t this ifland is luountHlur.us, ftony. and barren ; but m u,me pUces th re i>re e.vceUont pai- turcs, aiul the grafs has a hr.e in'.cll. 1 he ice, which gets loofe from the n ore nor- them cou.atrv in May, brings with u a lar»c nuantitv of wood, and xvcril ani- TT,,!^, Uich as foxes, wolves, and bears. Mount Hccla is the n, K n .re.', mouniam, and is a volcano, which ^-^^VJ:^^^^^^^^ v^ut klphureous torrents 1 he m.^l.t Ults bcUcve that fonie ot the .uuis ot t.it d'oins. I.ai from 64. to ' 7. N. IcKWoUTH, a Iniall town of Sun.ilK, with a m-.Tk'Jt on Friday. Here are the ruins of an andent priory, and leyeial R..man coins have been dug up. It is it miles N. V.'. by N. i.: fpfwich, and 74 N. N. K. e.f London. Lon. i. o. E. lat. 5:. XI. N. * Icoi.MKii-i, formerly Iona, a not- ed little idand, one of the Hcbri.ks near the S. W. point of the I lie of Mud. It i;. about three miles long and one broad. On thisilland, which is very fertile, area me .n village, and the ruins of an aiiguft m..n;.(lery and cathedr d, (aid to have been founded bv St. Columba, where there are three loval ciiapcls, or ratlier ceniete'rics, in wlich kvcral aii.-ient kings of Scot- laud, Ireland, snd Norway are buried. In former times, this ifland was the place, where the archives of Scotland, nud many valuable and ancient MSS. were kept. Many of thefe, it is faid. were carried to rh.e Scotch C liege at D.'Uay m !• ranee This once celebrated leat of royalty and knrrunc is now almoft deiiitute of an tn- ftrutlor, t.) leach the people the common duties of re'.ii'ion. Ida, Mo w' NT. Sec Candia. U>A, a mountain of Turkey tn Afn, in Natoha Proper, famous, in ancient h.o.e. for the jMdi.-Hent of Paris, and tor beinj; the vefort of the gods during the Trtjau IPAXHA-LA-Nl'EVA. r: town of 1 < r- tu?al, iu the province of Beira, :; rv^u^-^ S. \V. of Old Idanha. Lon. 6. 16. W . lat. iDASHA-LA^Vr.i.i.A, a town oi i'or- tuf ..., luihe ptovinceof Beii-a. The tren h I D A lit mountain, ami i!iat otiicrs r) I lie ice iKiir tin*' ill.iii tlicv are all , cwtri d with tkins. Many at.ts pr.'M's C iriiHanity ; hvt at .1 (lift.iMCc AU Paj.',ans. U flotlicii 'vith the Ikins of D.iK'b nutlc with the natives i.v, tiainoi , whalciione, and fi, whitu urt as k'""* =»* ,d, whicii wiis ronrultrtd by ., the Uhima Thule, or the the woild, and by lis as ibie, once .iboundtd in lc;\rn- ■e, it a tiint when j^reat pai^t ,vas involved in darkntL. age vas the eld Gothic or ic verniicular tonjjiic of the les, and N' ru egnns, bcf'Jio ntu tlic lev* r.d dialetts lince c ndiivesof thefc three king- rum 64. to ^7. N. rH, a (mall town of SurTolk, .ct on Fridiy. Here are the ardent priory, and ti.vei;il , hive been dug up. It is t? . by N. I': Iplwich, and 74 ^J- mdon. Lon. i. o. E. lat. 51. [KIM.,fornicrtv IoV,\, a not- ul, one of the Htbridts, near loint of the Ifle of MuU. It ce miles long atid one broad, id, which is very fertile, area L-, and the ruins of an aneo.ft md cathedr il, (aid to have been St. CoUimba, where there are ci'apcls, or vatlier cniiettrics, cvcral amieiit kings of Scot- id, and N..rway arc Iv.iricd. :imes. this ifl.oid was th'j place, iirehives uf Scotland, nnd many nd i'Kicnt MSS. were kept. ;hf l"e, it i'i faid, were carric'd to 1 C. llcge at Douay in France. cclebr-:ted leat of royalty and now aimoft deltitiite of an in- ,) teach the people the common e'.ii'ion. lojN'T. Sec Candi.^. mountain of Tiirkcv in ACn, in (-.per, fam'^'.is, in ancient iiib'.e, (h-H-ent of Paris and for bi-inj; .,V the gods duiing the Trojm lA-I,.\-Ni'EVA. T town of ?! r- ihe province of Beira, 5 rn''^^ '*• d Idanha. Lon. 6. 16. W.lat. HA-LA^Vr.i.!.A, a town of Por- he province gf Beira. The fren h "^ ■ toak. J E A J E D ... -. , . ,„. f, u rented which, in this co-.mtrv, are cnllctt Tcr/f. took It by affiult in t-cj.^ Itjs katco ^^ ^^ ^, ^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ Ikyonne, tind 50 on the river PontiJ» 2 ■; mih's N. 1'- C.'.lU'l Hianco, and 10 N. W. of Alcan tara. Lon. 6. 14. W. lat. ]>). v) Idria, a town of [i;i!v, in N. town of ri;i!y, in ITiu'i, and in the countv of Gorit/, with a catUe. It beloni;'' to ilie hoult of Auiliia, and thcrj art ri.h (jiiiekltlver minis in the town it- fclf. h 1-. 17 mills N. F,. of (1- rii/, and 3; N. of Tritll. Lon. 13. '^i- V- lat. 46- »o, N. . „/ 1 lis TKIN, a town of Germ-uiv, in W c N. K. ol Paiiipclnni«. 4,. ,..N. Lon. I. 3) Roxh E. lat. * III), a rivT of Roxh i\hll\ire, id Scntl!ind, whicli j'lins the Ttvit, a ihtlc bcliw Jeii)ur-h, at a place where the iraKiui^ ot L 'hisn hi; an ckgint feat, c:illcd M"Uiil Teviot ; and near liiiv. on the \V. l".de of the rivf, arc the biimri. fill rirns of D.dvid i a pait or whitii ancient pi ■ an abliLv, toundid liy king wit of which ancient pilr ii»;t ch. On the bank* '".^"V I >■ I ,■ f 4 hrmch i'eives for a parr.ii cborcli. tJri tlie hanM tt:ir\i.i, w ' icn 11 iMt h-mul-u . ^^ Uvt-ral 1 .r^e caverns, ottl,ehntiie,.lNaJ^ui,n,wlu^m.tlx >g^. J i;/;::,; ' .^c ftion.b.lds'or hiding It H ,2 miles N. K. of Mcniz. Lon. J. ^^^. ^^ ^^.^,^^ ^^,^^^^^^_ . , !• ir zn. 1. N. 1 . ' /• 1 . 1 I 1 , .. 1- _r t^.]:. lat. ,o. 2.N. ' I I'.iivkr.li, a confMU-rable bo.-' tiiih of J,. .AS, St. a town ^'f •^"''«« 1" :*'^. R-',,! "hlbire 'itaattd alnv.H in -hecin. ^ep.mmentot Mokdle and k.fc pn.vinccot i\ x>) n .,iuii..e, Li.rrain. It is Itaicd on the river S.ire, I : miles W. of Dm .-Ponts and ti};ht N. W, cf Srir-ucniine. Lon. 7. li. V.. ht. ♦0. 16. N J I. A N . 1)' An g f. t. V , a ton n of Y rai he dipartmentof Lnver Chavcnte ai nf France, in the dipartmentof Lnver Cbavcnte and late pm.ince of Siintoni;c, with a lite line Benedirtine abbey. ' It was t.ikcn from the Hueucnots, in 1621, by Lewis Xill. v.-ho de'mo!i(!.cd the fortMica'i-n?>. Ir^is fiinous for iis brandv, and is ftatcd on tiic liver B'Utonnc, on which nre two powder- mills ; ii; milts N. E. of Saintes, and ti S. E. of Roehello, Lon. o. 10. \V. lat. 45. ?9. N. Ji.AN-nrLoN-r. St. atown of France, in the dtpnrrmt trc of the c.-uniy, on the banks (.♦' the JlJ, a;ul near its CjniUicncc s/ith the Tc- vi'.t. It has a good iniiket for com anj catilc, and is the leat of the Ciiurts cf jnf- tice for ilu- cmiutv. It is ^h ini!es S. £. of E linburgh. Lon. 1. 25- ^^'- !«• 55- 3^. N. Jkddo, the capital of I he empire of Ja- piii. It is fiiiiio. I in Nipli lit, tl c lart;eft of the Jipuiefe iii.inds, it is i.peii on sU fulcs, havini; niitlior walN nor raitiparts i and the lu'Ufes are I'uilc of earth, and b-'arded on the otit'.uif, to prevmt the rain fi.m deOroyin.^ the '.vail:;. I« every f\ri:et is an iroii't^i'te, ^vilich \i fhut up ia the ni^iltt, and a k'lid of cu;",oiTitt.>ule, ur idile.' It ntc.f Cute d'Or and late mV""."'' *'" '^'■'•-^'^■^^"^■■' *^ ''' "'"" province of Burgundy, feMcd on the river Saonc, 11; niiLs S. E. of Dijon, and i^;; S. E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 19. E. lat. 47. iKAX-nt-I-r.'., St. a town of France, in "the dco.trtment of the Lower Pvrcnces and late provin>-c of B.il'que' , the Lift next Spam, with a h,rbour. This little town niilei in Icng'h and lix in breadth, .Titd otf- tains i,'jCC>,o30 inhabitants. A (ire h.ap- pencd, in t(^-~,^, whicii in the ijjace wliicii in the Ipace at 4--' h'..iirs, burnt down mo, 000 hoofts, and ill wiiich a vnft number cf inhrbfitants pcrilhed. The en.pcror's palace was re- duced t) aHies ; but the whole is rebuilt. The impv'-ial; aiHce is in the middle ofihc ■ is defended by \."ill- , (iiiches, ov Jkas-1)K-Matiuennf Savoy, c:ipital of the county of M:u:Tienre, in a vallcv of the fsme name, w th a tjiliiop's fee. It is leatfdon the river Arc, I : iirlcs S. by W. of Monticr, and 2 5 N. E. of Grenuble. Lon. 6. 20. E. la:. 45. 17. K f maHV "oil. Ne.dides, a!l the va'T",' .kings have each a palace in the city, wii : n handlome jj-ardcp. and ftabas fjr 20C0 h^rle-s. The houfesof ilie common Ibrt aix> notliing buc -■ jEAN--Pii::'-!iF.-r''"^i'. St- " ^°" fiderable town of France, in the d.part nientof ihe Lower Pyrenees af.cl lai' pro- vince of L'nver Niivarre. It is Icated > n the river Nive, x.vi tJefended by a good cita-_ del. upon an emiritr.ce, at thi: cntrnrcc ot Uwie paflajjes, or ucUt^. in the P.;ince- . a ground-floor, tht ron-.^ u.rLta by fold- mi' iKtcens ; lb tl;ar they i:an he UMdc l;;n;LV or iinaiier at pirafure. JtdJo is leat- ed m a plain, at the bof.;m if a lir.e tay ; nrd ihe river whi-h crofT, < it is (hvit'ed into fevcral car»&i5. Lu;». cji> i:.E. lat, 36. ic. y..' * JtHUD, ts, or uciMt"; J T' R J K R • TfHvd. or JovP, mountain* in the N. \V. pait.f >lMuUi..l»ar Pruptr, cxtcnd- ,n^, fro.n A.t-ck. e.lUud tn B.-ml..r. ThrV arc part ..I the tir-.o.y ot tf' Kakmi.. Atur 'I muir bad pal ^ ' < ia.n. cume .n n,aU .l.nr '^^^'^ 7' '° him, as AmbiC.it^.ihf ^>n|'v.t the U.nc cnmiry. d.d to Aiexurdcr. aoout 1730 ytars before. Amcritd. Vu.i'ch in fl;e '<• m rf S'.. Hdi.'r The nt li.e mouth of the nvtr Aiuamam., m ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^._^^^ ^ rivulcM, ^n1 i» vrll ".eked with fruit ti.c. Th.v (i ' n.#wrfd nunii'Mtnre fi.r >vonh n ■'. ' -i'v* '■'nd c 'ps, and ar« ftill rov.rnrd by the .ir-tnt N.Tin.iB bvvH. Ti r>Si,n b- "v "' i'rinch trtopi landrd .>» i.,h ifta!" , ■.r'l'n'cil the Uu- i.iiHrt->; vi-inir naii. h -n jrilVn.r.and fm-ild hiio t' I i?n H ».'.i> in.lition I hut'tti^i'r I'kiC'-n, ih. .''mn.inde • of rl- Kp.,li.;i (•■ n- itit by this force. i i.ir''iihMon, '..I attacked the Genrnia- _ * Jfmapvf.. Sit RrMAiiF- ]n*,\, a (Ir-.ng io%vn ot (Jimnnv, m the circle of Upper Sax. ny, and m ll^n- Tingia.with»un,^rrlny. '"' ^.;'^'' ''" and JS S. E. of Effort. Lon. n. 4- *'• lat. ?i i.N. JlNAUB. Sec CufNAlB. JbNISV. Sttf VFNIMst. Ikmskoi. See Yen-isj-isk. "rhNC, or Gkso. a town of Upper Punvaiv, :o mile. S. of G-cat Warar,... ard .tSN. E. cf Segfdin. Lon. 11.5- ^'■ lat. rtf*. 40. N. , U Ririio, nn ancient and faniniis un^n fct Alia. foiier-i of >va. ; but the g ol.^n' iii.jor was kill..y U '•' "■<; 1^'>''' ^'■' ^*"-' '^ ;''y I'cniifvlvaiiia, and "'i 'lie N. 1>V a hne drawn from ilif m 'iith ■* M .h k'l-.Mn ilc River in Kit. 41. n- t-. a , 'ht 1.. Ilmh.'n't Kiver in lat. 41. It i- i^i miles long i-nd (I broaa. It is divi'! 'd f't' ncuniio. Its pr ducc it tmict) the lame as rl\,^t of tl.entiijliboiirinj; ftaccH. T'.nion is the ca- pl'al. , f ]EKL'SALKM, an ancunt a^'i tain'tii ''"'.Mr'^Lrivr 1 h^ K^ ::^ AH. t-m.Tly capital .f J. lea. f. ts It IS now called lleriibi by me M:'b,, ind CMUains onlv a few wrctdied jM,ts"here lomc bcgRai.V Arab, rtli..c. It is fiv. nnlcsW. of *., n^--:-'^ ;?^,;;;;:';: t^;u>dr.'vc auav the Sarac.ns in ,.17. ■'■■ ■ hive k'i>! p.'ircirion of It ever f::KC, and call it Hn.b.^r.:;, that is. The lli.ly City. It ir, no .• inhabited bv Tuvks, Arab'., Je-.VJ, and Chriltisns. It n nuii on a high fork, wi'il I'ecp afce-.ts >'n cvtrv (ide, ex- cept to the N. Ir is almoft (urrouiukd by Tallies encompafTcd " i'h nmuntaiu?, fu that it ftcnis t.) (land in the miiK'.le of after DavKl had r ii'if.- It was ta'^e^ l)V N..buil; .dni/./ar m the clivcnih y.ar after the I'-irth of Chtift, bein^', one of tl'c m' H reinail-.ablc fK^i;es in hinoiy. 'i"he eniptrnr Adrian built n new city, near the ruins of ancient Jtrufalem. It was taken bv the Perfiani m 614. and by thi Saracens in 65^. In 1099 it was re- Kiktn by the Ciu''.'drs who founded a ing they nrc ju ifeCtl .,i.,ii, ,Iv irdiiti.rcnt 60 miles S. E. ofMourzook. Lcn. 17- 17. E. lat. 17' ^- '^'- , . , ,. rn Uustif. an iiland in the l.n.J'fh Clnnrel. iS mlh s ft"'" »l'e coafl of I.^:. nvHodvinFrvoue, a.dS+S.oflVa-tlaudin Dorfetlhire. fn^'jeft to the Er,Mifl<. I. is about ibirtv «.r.iUs in c.rcutv.ftrtr.cc. and difTicult of ait.fs, on -c.^.unt ot .he roks, (and., and f"lts e.efttd for its defence. It c-nti-ins tvyehe paiilhes; and the chief town is St. Heh.er, m the It ex. reine- f.rtiil: pert of the ifla.u' Iv well for trade in t me of peace, ,ind to annoy the French, by pr.vatcrrs, in lime of war. It is ^vcU watered wuh an aniphithea-.ie. Ir i« about three it'iles in f.iicuin^'^rtnce, .in.! incliules M.iunt Calva- vy, which was fotincrly wilh'Uir the walls. The only tlrag that 'n ndeis it e. nfider- ble is the great n fort of pilgriius ; for the inliabitar.tii aixoTimodate tUtiJi with lotlg- iir s ar.d pro.iUons, which is their chief " ' bulinef* J r. R I \-r\\ "icked with fruit U ' ^w^trd nMnuOii^ire " . Hprj c 'fw, :m]c1 are I'V 'he ii'Tuiit Ni.riii.iB I, .1 \>- 'v "' i''rtnc1> tnnpl iflj"' , :r'pri'c(l tilt lii:- 'I I'ail. hirn ) rilV ni r, and 1 t( , fTi « V. i> iri.ljtion : 111 1 1' in, rlir- i.f'miiiinJt ■ of op^. ri^uftJ t ) n! iiic by nuviiin, M. I atritkcd the '. '1 iirh 'i M .h kV.Miitk 41. 1 I, t'-ia , 'f'lt ii. Iludi'cn'e 41. hi- 161 miles loiijr jiiij I ii divi'!.d Iff nc'iiiuiti. miiLli I he Liiiu' Hs th^t of inj; fi.net. T'.nion ijihe ca- K.M, an iinciiiu a'''l fnin'-ui .1, t. rmcrly uviitnl i:f Julia, l;ad (• r.ijii'.rtd the .Khiif-.tcs. 11 1)V Ncniuh uliu/./.ir in the ir I f ihc riii'n of Z.dtt.iih, 5 wcrt ltd ci'-jiiivcs to Kihylni, ruard tal.jn by liie Rii;i,ans, fc jitilur with tin T< iiipit, 70 tl,e ::itth of Chtirt, bcin^; one rciii.ii'i.iblo riii;es in hiflmy. ir Adrian built n I'lw rity, ins of ancitnt Jirufaltni. It y tlic Ptrlianb in 614, and by i in 636. In 1099 it was re- le Ciii'".!d' r», whci founded a m which lallf.d SS yc.irj, un- k^s. S u.iiiin, kin;;of El'/ pt Hnd 'olitdi. n of it in iiH;, Tlie c away the Saracens in 11 17, polfefTinn of It ever f.ncc. and ■.^>VJ, that is, TliL }Ii,ly City, iiihaiiited by Tiir'f.s, Arab";, 'i'.rifiisn'i. It fliniis on a high 'ecp afce'its in cvtiv fule, tx- N. Ir is airport furro.indcd nidiTiirifTfd \< i'h iiioui-.taiiis, 111'; t - l-and in the uiiddlc of a;ie. Ir i^.-dvait tluTc ii'iki in c<-, and incliule? Muunt Calva- ;is faimtrly vulh'Uir the walls. -.'■ig that n r.(Urv it r> nfidtr- eat re f'Tf of j-ilgriiiis ; for the aiirnimodate tiitm with lod^;- o.illons, which is their rhicf bulinef* J R U om'nef*. A li.-.fliaw, wuli a pinrd of Jn. nillaritv, aiway* rc^i* lure, t<> pro'iVl iliem friiTi the inful^'f i!ic Arabs. Tlic I I .iit-li of the ll'uy Sc; uUlin-, whidi ihu ; Ikcrimti chielly cuiiic t" vifit, in :i Ur^e 1*1 iii'ttirc, with a r>'unil nave, which lia^ no It^lit but Mhut cotiic:. tliri>i:^h tiic lip, like the J'antlicon at Rome. Tlie d'lifc i> rovered on the ouilide wttli had, and v'uhai with redir-W'i'l. The optii- I'.i'^ of tlie dune is cloud with a net of \. in , t'l liindir the birds fr ni c anln^ into liie ihiirch In the mid,lle ot" the nave, toil diref'ly under tlie opening; of tlic d. me, ii the UAv Si -iiKlire, uiiiih ii I i K-i d in a chaptl, v. hot'- door is three fiet ; ;i and two broad. It u lo fmall, tliar it ' d hold but three ,-.. rl'Mn on tluir knees ■ a time. .\t the cifrince, rn the rii'lit i.uid, u the \',-io^ where the liidy of i ur ;, ..i( ur was Lid. The table on which he V IS (aid to have been hid at tirll is two tiet and a iulf liii;h ir mii the pavciiuiit, \' !.:eli ii now coverL;(s s taic as lar^^c ;;s life, being crowntd with thorns, and bclnicared \vitli bl'md. They vifit fird the pillar of tla^ellation ; ni ,;: the prifon ; aftei ward the altar of the oi- vifion of Ciirirt's garnicnts ; thcntluy -il- vance to the chapel of derifion, and thence to Mount Calvary, leaving their Ihres at tlie bottom of the ll ir--. Here are two ihars ; one where our Lord was fuppofed t 1 be nailed to the crofs ; and another where it was tre<:ied, and wl.ere they let up the crucified image, which finiil.vs the ceremony : only tr.ty j ull out the trails, ti'ke down the bodv , at-.d wr.'p ir in ^ winding- llib'ct. Jcrufuleiuii lu iiii!e;> ii. jro W. of D.mafcm, r.nd 4; from tlicR^e Ii" t^rranian. tin. 55. j ;. K. |,,t. ji. ^f^. rj- Jksi, an .inniiit to.vn "f liiW, m the tnaripii! ;te of Ancoini, w lib 11 hi'tiMp'.fec If n (eaitd on n nn nilMn near the river .fell, 17 mili4 S. W. of Ancom, and iit N. K. of Rome. Lon. ij. 16. E. bt.4j. 30. N. ■* Jtso. Sec K.vnii r». Jtsso, Jfi.so, or Yniso, a Urr<' iflaiid of Al'a, to the N. of ll.e i(l ml .if Niphon, j'overned In- n frii"irnrv prince, del cndeiii "ii the ttn[>ire of J ,p,in. It is full r,f wcods, and the inhabitant!! arc Aroni;, rohuft. fiv;ij{p, :in'! (l.nenly, when compared t 1 llir Japjiitfc. Th< y live by filliinj; and liuntiiii,', and are very Ittle known to the I'lnropears. Jt.'soi-'s \\'ki,i., in Surry, in tlie pi. rilli of Stoke Dabtrrr,n. a fulphureous l))rinr, four mile. S. W. of F.piom, lonielhinj; of tile fan e kind as tlut of Harn.vfpilt in Yorklhtre. .Iiviu, a tdwn of (Jtimany, in the circiv of W'el^phaii.i, and i.'pit il of J.vcr- l^n(l, with a citadel; 17 unles N. l'., of Auriek, ami 18 N. K. of iunliden. L'in. 7. 4'- K- lat. !j. 33. N. J t \ h K L A N II, a territory of Gi rm any, in \Ve:;pl.alia, belon. uig to the houle of Anhalt./erbll. Ji:w.M\nkF.r. Sec MruAzioy. Ik, an i!l„nd tf France, the moft ead- crn of the three before the harbour of Marfeillcs. It is will foriiiiid, and its port is one of the ucfi inihc Mediterranean. I(iis, a town of the country of the CJrifons, witli a nia;;iiirn.enr callc. in which is a cal'inet of curiofiiles, and a liandfome libraiy ; j; miles S. W. of Coire, and 13 S. of Glarus. Lon. 9. 0. E. lat. 46. 33. N. l(;i,AW, a confidcra'-le and popui'ttu ton 11 ff Moravia, where they have a n- 1- nufaCli;ry of t;ucd cL.tli. and exceilcrit beer. Itisliatt Ion the liver IrJaW, 4-' miies W. ot Hrinn. and <^i S. E. of Prague. Lon. 15. 42. K. lat. 49. S. N. Icw.rsiAS, a town in the S. pirt rf the iflind of S.irdinia, with a bilhop's fee. Lon. s. ng. j.;. l.it. 3ti. J-. N. " Jio.vFOi'R, a fma!! cirv of Hlndio- (Ian Proper, capital ot a eircar of t!io tame name, in the di'tiict ef Binares, It is feat'd (in the Goonitv; and, not far from the confluence of tb it river with the Crangcs, Hands the f.irt of Jionpnur, a building; of eimfidcrrdile extent, on a hii;h bank eomiinndinjj the briiltje over the Gowm'y. Ir Is iHiv/ chii Hy in ruins ; al- though, formerly, it commanded the coun- try from the Ganges tpiiic to Lutknow, Tlus pl.icc waii, at ore tiir.c, the leat cf X an 1 ■■^■Ui'Ti 1 *ta-pa^rt^ai"ji* -C>.d over it in beats. Jioiipour is 49 nii'ts N. VV. of Benares. Lon. 84. 7. E. lat. 2-,. [■■,. N. Il.A. See I:,LAV. Ii. AN'is, a town in the country of tlic Giiloi's, capital of the Griy Ltngue. It connins about fiohnufcs, and is partly fur- rouii.lcJ by wa'.U ; buing the onlv ^^ ailed town, except Coiie, among the Giifons. It is remsrka'/ie for n;ini< the pLce where the gent;. il d:et of the turee leagues atTembics every tllird year. It is leatej on the Rhine, 17 miles S, VV. of Coire. Ii ("HKstk;;, a town of SomerletiKire, with a market oil Wedntlilay. It is ftated on the river Yeovil, and is a town of great antiijuitv, as apnear^ bv the Ro- man coins dug up. It once had lixteeii church.s, now onlv two; is a corporation, fends two members to parliament, and here the county gaol is kept. It is if) miles S. of WelUl and ii} \V. by S. of London, Lnn. 2. 37. W. lat. !;o. ^6. N. I i.DiiKOS'so, S r. a magnificent palace of the king of Spain, in New Caftil,-, and in the- territory of Segovia, built by Philip V. It hai very fine waterworks and gardens, Ildefok'so dk r.os Zapotacos, St. a town of N. America, tn New Spain, fcated on a mountain, 50 milci. N. E. of Aiitequcira. Lon. 27. 30. ^V , .at, 17. 5.N. Ilimrton, a village in N^rihumber- land, fitnated S. of Woller. On a hill near it, is a fcmicircular encampment, de- fended bv two high lauijiircs of earth, nnd a deep folic, with an inner circle of ftones, which appear uncemented. Tiie area is about 100 yards diameter, and contains many remains of buildini's. 1 [.ESt-G Ar,ur;N, a ftrong town of Afri- ca, in the hingdorti of Morocco, and pro- vince of Hea, icaccd on a mountain. I L M *Tlford, Great, a village of Kfftx, 0.1 t'.;-^ river Ruding, which is navigable hence to the 'Ihaincs. This plate, and Little Uford arjoining, arc hamlets to the town of Barking. It is fevcn miles N. E, bv E. of Lond'-n, ' II.FKAC0M3E, a fcjport of Devon- (hire, with a niarket on Sa' jrday. It haj a fp.icious bafi.i, formed by a good pitr projeding into the B ii^jI Channel. The high tices here allow large veU'els to enter the harh ur. This port employs a ni' nbtr of trigs and flof-ps, chiefly in car- rying ore from Cor:iwal!, coal from Wales, and corn to Bril\ol. A niirriber of !i!liing (kitfs belong to this place, which, wi:h iliofe of Mineliead, fifli on u bank elf the coaft during the fummer, and take a number of I'oles, turUns, !kc, ftr the BrilKjl market. It is feated almoft oppo- Cne Swanfea, in Glamorganlhire, and is 49 miles N. K. VV. of Exeter, anil iSi W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. ;. VV. lat. 51. 14. N. Ii.Hros, a feaport of S. America, capi- tal of Rio-dos- llhccs, in Briifil. It is fe.ited in a fertile country. Lon. 41. 25. VV. Lt. 15. 5. S. Ii.KLCii. atown of Poland, in the pi- latinite of Ciacow, remarkable for its lil- ver iiunes mixed with lead. It is I'eatcd ia a br'.ncn coantrv, at the foot of I'eveial moullta;n^, 1 ^ miles N. VV. of Cracow. Lon. iq. 40. E. lit. (,0, 20. N. Ili.k, a lo.^u of France, in the dppnrt- mcnt of ;lie Eaftern Pyrenees and l.«e province of Roufiilon, 10 miles from Per- pigiian. L r . 5. E. lat. 41. 35. N. It.LER, - "iver of Germany, which riling in the mountains of Tirol, runs N. through Suabia, palfing by Keinpten, Mtiiiiiiineen, and Kirchberg, and fall. into tlir Danube at L'ini. Illinois, a Isrge river of N. Ameri- ca, which rifos in the- weftcrn territtiry, mar the S. end of lake Michigan, and taking a S. VV. courfe, fa'ls into tlie Mif- fiHippi. Between tlic Illinois and the Ohio, is the country of a noted Indian ra- tion, called the Illinois. Iliock, a ftrong town of Germany, in Sclavoiiia, Icatcd on the Danube, ij miles hum Pctcrwaraden, and 5; N, VV. of B'jlgrade. Lon. 20. 6. E. lat. 45. 36. N. f LMEN, a lake of RulVia, in the govern- ment of Novogorod, which has arommuni- cacion with the lake Ladoga, by the river Volkhof. Lon. 34. o. E. lat 58. o. N. Ilminster, a town of Somerfetftiire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated in a dirty bi>ttom, among the hills, and has formerly fufi'ered greatly by fire. It is 16 [bUm -. —» H I M .** JtJiHtya*tf I .-rijanxf^T^ . f TTTm ORD, Great, a village of Kffex, river RuitirtK. which is navigable , the '[hamcs. This \>\dcc, and Itord a.'joining, arc hamlets to the Birking. It is Itvca miles N. h. f Lotiil'ii. IAC0M3F, a feaport of Dcvon- ,ith Aiiiarktt oiiSi'drJay. It has ms bafi.>, fornitil by a g(>.d P'^r \ng into the B irtol Channel, i he lices htie allow large vellels to he harb^ w: This p'^rt employs a r of trigs and florpi, chicHy m car- ore from Cornwall, c«al from , and corn to Brirtol. A number ot ■ Ikitfs btlong to this place, s\hich, lu.fe of Minehtad, fifh on a bank ■ coaft daring the Cummer, and take nber of I'oles, turUits, &c. fir the 1 market. It is featcd almol\ oppo. ,uantea, in Glamnrganlhire, and is lies N.N.W. of Exeter, and iSi W. of Lond'Jii. Lon. 4. 5. W. lat. 51. I. Hr OS, a feapovt of S. America, capi- Rio-dos.llhcc5,inBr.fik Itisleatcd "ertild country. Lon. 41. 15. W. lat. !kl'cii. a town of Poland, in the pa- iie of Ciacow, remarkable tor its lil- nunes mixed with lead. It is leatcd b,irren ccantrv. at the foot of Icveral utain^, I s miles N. W. of Cracow. . iq. 40. B-lit. ?0. 10. N. LI.E. a lo.v.i of France, in the dppart- it of ihe Eaftcrn -Pvrenees and late vinco uf RoiiliUon. 10 miles froni Per- na... L r ,. ;. E. lat. 4^- 3 5-^;. , t LER. - -iver ot Germany, which nK in the mountains of Tirol, runs N. ofij-h Suabia, pairins by Keinptcn. Linmineen, and Kirchbcrg, and tali. othr Danube at L'lm. ^ ^, . 1 1 1 IN 01s, a Isrs^e river of N. Amen- which rifcs in "the: weftcrn territory, 'ar the S. end of lake Michigan, and kinu a S. W. courle, faUs into the Wil- liuMi. Between the Illinois and the hio, is the country of a noted Indian r,>- m, called the Illirtcis. Iliock, a ftrong town of Germany, 1 Sclavoria, Icated on the p*"""^. '5 illes from Pcterwaradcn, and 55 N. v\ . f Bdgrade. Lon. 20. 6. E. lat. 45- il.MEN, alake of Ruir,a, in the govern- u-nt of Novo^orod, which has acommimi- at.on with the lake Ladoga, by the river ^olkhof. Lon. 34- o. E. lat 58. o. ^• UMiN'STF.R,atown of Somcrretfhire, vith a market on Saturday. It is featcd n a dirty bottom, among the hills, and nas formerly fuffered gre».ly by fire.^^ U^^ I M E .6 miles S.W. of Wells, and n7W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 54- W. lat. 5 • ^'iSlfY. East, a town of Berkthire, ^vi ha market on WediKfdav. It is cat- kin ^ Plcalant valley, between two lulls, and excellent downs for feeding Ihcep. Ss.4-lesN.W.ofReadmg,and53 W. of London. Lon. 1. .1. VV. lat. 51. *'usT. a town of the United Provinces, in Friefland, ta miles from Lewarden. Lon. c. 14. E. lat. ■;?. '■ >'• . „ Tlstadt. a town of Germa.,y, m Ba- varia, fcated at the confUicnce ot the Da- rube and Ills, oppofite Paffau. Lon. 13. a? E. lat. i^- 2 7- N. ^ IMEMSTADT, a town ofGermanv, in the circle of buauia. 20 miles L. of Lin- dau Lon. 10. 2C. h. lat. 47 .35; i^- iMERiriA, a countrv of Aha. between the Bhck Sea and the Cafpian; bounded on the S. by the Turki.h ^oininions, on the W by Mingreha, on the N. by Ol fetia and'on the'E..by G-rg.a, of which it is, properly fpeaking, a part. The late fovcreign, the czar Solomon, having forb[dd'n the fcandalous traffic ot the loblemen in their pealants, olT.nded the Ti. kT fo much, that he was driven from lis throne, and compelled to live like a v^ild man, for .6 years, in the woods and caverns of the mountaii.s, tiU the RuH.ans reinftated him in his dominions. 1 he re. venues ante from a contribution of the peafants ir. wine, grain, and cattle, and from the tribute of the neighbouring princes. Among the extraordinary fources of revenue, confifcations have a conhder- ablefl.arp;butasallthisismfufficient m the fub', 'ence of the prince, he ufually travels from houfe to houle, living on his vatTals, and never changing his quarters till he has confumed every thing c^atable. It will, of courfe, be under(\.d from his rubiefts by riding upon an als, perhi^ps Uie only one in Imeritia, and by wcMing I N C bnots. He has no regular troops, but can colleftan undifciplined army of 6000 men, with no artillery. Thcle trcop are drawn together by the found^of trumpet. His civil ordinances are iTliied every Friday (which is the market dayj by one of his fcrvants, who afcends a tree, and >virh a loud voice proclaims the cdift, which is communicated to the people, 17 each per- lon, upon his return to the place of his abode. Tiie inhabitants, eltimaud at about 20,000 families, are not oUetled into towns or villasre-, but fcattcred over the country in fniall hamlets. They are lefs mixed with foreigners, and handfomer than the other Qjorgians. They are likc- wile b)lder, and ni'.re induftrious : they fend yearly confulerabl- quan-iti.s of wme to the neighbouring parts of Georgia, in leathern bags, carried by horfes ; but they are without manu^'aftures, very poor and milerable, and cruelly oppreffed by their l.mdlords. The Imeritians are of the Greek re'igion. Their patriarch is ge- nerally of the royal family, and can feldoin read or write ; and the inferi<.r clergy are not better inrtrufted. Their churches are wretched ouildings, fcaicely to be dit- tinguilhed from common cottages, but from a paper crofs over the principal door, and fome paintings of the Virgin and the faints. Cutais is the capital of the prefent prince, the czar David. Imola, a populous town of Italy, m Romagna, with a bithop's fee ; feated on the river Santerno, 4s miles N. by E. of Florence. Lon. it. 45' E. lat. 44. 28. N. * Inchcolm, an ifland of Scotlend, lying in the frith of Forth, near trie coaft of Fife', but within the county of Edin- burgh. Here are the fine ruins of a once celebrated monaftery, founded in 1123, by Alexander I. in gratitude, it is faid, for his efcape, when driven on this ifland in a violent tempeft, and for the iiofpitable treatment he received here, for three days, from a hermit, who entertained him with the milk of his cow, and a few ftielU filh. It was of the order of Auguflines anddcdicated to St. Columba. At prelcnt, fome fowls that haunt the ancient tower, and the rabbits that lodge in the moulder- ing foil, have full pofftifion of this ne- gle)e».Rfe ^■asitsifi-r—-'' 44iT^f.!i-*./ii- '4€ii.''' r I N D I N D idand of Scotland, to the S. W. of the not only of thefe iflands, but of the tw« continents of America. They are like- wile called the Cariblice lllando, from the aborigines of the country ; and the fca in whicli they lie, is ibmctimcs called, by modern geographers, the Archipelago of the Cariboees. Hy the Freneii, they are called the Antilles ; aatl nritical men ille of Bute. It is about a mile long ; and, on titc VV. fide arc vaft ftrata of co- ral and (hells. Ll^ di.rivts its name of Inchmarnoc (Mmtioc's Ifle) from u chapel dedicated to St. Marnoc, the ruiii^ of which are dill to be I'een liere. iNiiiA, an extenlive re*;ion in Afia, which lia between ^ifi-' and <)5 E- I'^n. diftinguilh them, from the diffLrent c.urfes and 7' and 3^" N. lat. Hut, under taken by Ihips, into the Leeward and this namt, the Europeans have erronemif- Windward Iflands, wliicii fee. Tin nine ly \ind(t;dood all the cotmtrie: which of Caribbce Ihould property be. conhncd tu lie S. of Tartary, and extend from the the fmaller iflands, which lie between caftern fnJtitierb of Perfia to the eaftern Porto Rico and Tobago. Thefe were in - coafts of Clima ; and, they have in- habited by the Cnri'.ilices, a tierce race of t'lwHed likcwifc, un>'.r the denomination men, no wile rurembling their feeble and of the v.. Indies the Iflands of Jppan, with all the illar.di in the Eallcrn and Indian Oecans, as f;.- S. as New Holland. But tlic name of India can be applied, with proprie'y, to that country only. t timid neighbours in the larger iflands. Columbii^, in his fccond voyage, was a witnefs to their intrepid valjur. The lame charaftcr ihcv have maintained in- variably in all fut)l'equent contcits with which is diflingui'lied in Alia, as wtll as the people of Europe ; and, even in our in Europe, by tt'e name of Hindo'>(tan. times, we have fecn them make a gallant The countric:. to the E, of the river Bur- Ihand in defence of the laft territory (the rampooter v' namely, Aracan, Aflain, Bur- ifland of St. Vincent) which the rapacity ifiah, Cambodia, Cochin-China, Laos, of their invaders had left in their poil'el- Malacca, Pegu, 'aiam, and Ton()uin) whi' It geogr.ipheii have hitherto diflin- guilhed by the n.i, c of the Ptuiinfula be- yond tlie Gang;is, are no more to l)e con- jidered as belon jn'^; to India, than the bnrdeiing countries of China, Thibet, Tart.av, or Periia. See Hindoos r A.v. * IsuiliS, Wl.-vr, the namegiveu to a great number of iflands in th. Atlantic lion. The Uririi'h iflands are Jamaica, Barbadocs, St. Chrirtopher, Antiena, Ne- vis, Montl'errat, Barbuda, Anguiiia, Do- minica, St. Vincent, Granada, the Ba- hama Iflands, part of the Virgin Iflands, and Tobago ; which laft was taken from tlie French, April 15, itq,';. Cuba, Porto Rico, Trinidad, and Margaretta belong to the Spaniards, who likewife havi- the Ocean, which extend acrofs the entrance eal^ern p-irt of Hifpaniola. To the Erencli of the i,ulf of Mtvico, from the N. W, belong Martinico, Guadaloupe, St. Lucia, extremity of tik: Bahama Iflands, olT il;e Mar;galan-e, Defeada, and the wtfte .11 coaft of Florida, 111 iat. 27. .1,5. N. in a fouth- part of Hifjianiola. The Dutch, have St. tallerly direction, to the ifland of Tobago, Euftaia, Curatjao, Saba, and St. iVIdtin ; which is 110 nulcs from the coafl of Ter- the Danes, St. Tliomas, St. Croix, ai:.' ra Firma, in Iat. 11. 30. N. They lie part of the Virgin Iflands; and ti:- between 5," and 86" \V. Ion. Cuba be- Swedes, St. Bartholomew, ing tlie iTiofl: uelkrii, and Barbailoes ttie " Indians of North and Sot^rii Hiofl callcrn of all thefe iflands When America, t'ns original natives of thde Columbus dr.;" ercd them in 141)2, he two vaft continents ; of wlioin it is ob- conlidercd them as part r.f thofe v;itl re- fervai)le, that there is a natural diaim'.iion gions in Afia, fomprthended unde/ the between the inhabitants of the temperate .general natnc of Iiuiii, to reach whvli, by /nncs and thole of the torrid ; and that .a Ci.urfe due W. acrofs the Aflimtic accordingly, thev may be divided into twj Ocean, had been the sjrand objeil of his great claires. The one comprehends all voyage : anJ this opinion was fb general, the N. Americans, from the river St. that Ferdinand and liabci'a, king and Liwrencc to the gulf of Mexico, togethei <]ueen of Caltile, in their ratiiicaunn of widi the peoiile of Chili, and a few fmal! an agreement, granted to Columbus, unon irioc; tt'ward the extremity of the foutliern his'refurn, g;-.'. e rliem the name of I'.'.l.rs. cnncinenr. To the other beh ng all tlie JEven after the error which gave rii'e to inhabi;ants of the iflands, and thofe fetrled the varif'Us provinces which extcn'! from the idbnius of Darien aluioft to tl'c f'-iudicrn confines of BraT,!, along the E. fide of the y^ndes. In the former, which this opinion was detected, and the true pofition of the New World was afeer- tained, the nauiC lias remained, and the appellation uf the ICfjl Indiri is given by all the people of Europe to tliell illands, comprehends all the runons of the tem- and that of Ii'l-am to the iuhubitants, peratc zone b America, that are inhabited, 9 ._.,, , ,,.. , , 1 ■ L . .1 I . I a i . ! ■_. fl'"-T1."', ' I " ^' "Til l 'i** "'■■■""*• '' I N D t'.icTe iflands, but of tlic tvi# f America. Tlicy are likt- r'lc Caribhcc Ill'ind,;, frciiii OS of tlie country ; and the thty lie, is iom-jtimes r;illcd, a-o^rraplurs, the Archipcbgo iices. Jiy the Vrciicil, tliey ■Viirillcs J a:iil n; uical men cm, from rht dilfaeut c. url'es ips, into the Leeward and lands, whici) fee. Tin nine lould propenv be conlintd to iQ.uuls, which lie bet\vci.n nd Tobai^o. Tbeic were iii- ic CViri'.iliccs, a fierce race of le rilcmbling their feeble and ibours in the larger illands. in his I'ccond voyage, wa? a their intrepid valour. The fli-r ihcy have maintHiiic!! in- all luljfequcnr conteih with )f Europe ; and, even in our nve Cecn thcnt make a gallsnt encc of the laft territory (tlie . Vincent) which the rjpacity .aders had lefr in their poll'ef- Uririih illands are Jaiinica, St. Chrilloplicr, Antieiia, Ne- crrat, Barbuda, Angiiiiia, Do- . Vincent, Granada, the Ba- ds, part of the Virgin l^and^, > ; which laft was taken from , April !■;, 179^. Cuba, Porto \idad, and Margaretta belong niards, who likcwife hivt- the t of Hifpaniola. To the Fiencb rtiiiico, (juadaloupc, St. Lucia. c, Deleada, and tlie weftciU 'j/aniola. The Dutch hive St. !uracao, Saba, and St.M.itin ; , St. Thomas, St. Croix, and he Virgin Iflands ; and th^ . Bartholomew. ASS of North and Sorru , the original nativci of tliLfc continents ; of wh.'in it is ob- lat there is a natural diUin(',ii..n le inhabitants of tlic temperate thnfc of the torrid ; and thai •, tliev may be divided into t\Vj J.S. The one comprehends all iinericans, from tiie river St. to the gulf r.J, if fevcral tribes tiiere ftill enjoy i.u!cpti;dcnce, it is cither btcaufe they have never been at- tacked by an enemy alnady fatiutcd with conqiict'i, and pcfTelfLd of larger territories rlian he was able to occupy, nr bccaufe they have been f^ived tr.rn npprcfiion bv their remote and inaccelliLle (Ituation. This dillinflio", however, alth.ourh fo cT.f'picoou';, is not universal. But niir iiiT.its will not allow lis to enter into the n-irticular exceptions. Of tl-.e manners of i".e N. American Indian:;, the reaiier m;iy' I;rr.e a general idea, by an account of rlvitc u!in inhabit the countries t> the F.. of the river Rlifiiirippi. Thefe confttf (f iH dif- ferent nations ; the princip il of which are the Cherokees. the Chickafawr, the C'hrc- trr.vs. tiie Creeks, the Deiawares, the fix Nations, the Shav.anefe, th . ilurons, the Illinois, &c. Allowing about 700 to a nation or triiie, thiy will contain, in all, :o,ooo fouls, and, confcquentlv, m iv fur- rilh between 4 and 5000 warriors. Thcf'c Indians are r. •■ born white ; and take a ^■rcat deal of pains to darken their com- plexion, bv anointing tliemlil.es with .acafe, and King in the fun. They alfo pnint their face, brealfs, and fhouldtrs, of V -.rious colours, but generally red ; and their features are well ffrrmed, cfpecinlly iliofe'of the women. They arc of a mid- dle flaturc, their limbs clean and ftraight, and Icarcely any crooked or dcftrnicd I N D pcrfon is to be found among them. I" many parts < f tlieir bodies they prick i" gun- powder in very pretty figures. They Ihave, or pluck tlic hair off their headsi except a jiatrh about the cr.own, which is orn;,n;cnted with bcattiful feathers, heads, waoipum, anil fiuh hke baubles. Their tnrs arc pare', • nd fti etched in a th.ing down to tiicir i' oiildcrs. They are wound round with \ ire to exp.ir.d them, and adorned with filvtr pendants, rings, and bells, which they likewile wear in their nofcr. Seme i<( them will have a large feather thr. ugh the cartilage of the nole ; and thofc who ran atTord it, wear a collar of wampum, a filvcr breall plate, and bracelets on t'lc arms and wrilb. A bit of clo'h iJ.'out the middle, a fliirt of the I'lnglilh rn.d;e, on which tlu-y beftow innumerable fii'ches to adorn it, a fort of il)tli bcotsand ni' ckafons, which are flioes of a make peculiar to the Indians, orna- mented with porcupine quills, with a blanket thrown over all, complete their diels at bone ; but when they go to war. tl^ev leave their trinkets behind, and mere nccclf'ries ferve them. There is little ditfeiiiKc between tl;e drefs of the men and women, ocepting that a (liort pettir.>at, and the hair, which is ex- ceedingly black atid h'ng, i.nd clubheil be- liihd, liiftingui'h feme of the latter. Ex- cept the head ard eyebrows, they pluck the l.air, with great diligence, from all p;:rts of the !v:.'y, efperiillv the lopfer part oF the ftx. Their warlike arms arc guns, t)ows and arrows, darts, fcalpmg knives, and ttinahawks : this is one of their ir.oif utefid jiiec'.s of field -furniture, ferv- ing all tue offices of the hatchet, pipe, and fword. Tlirv arc exc(.edin;'.lv expert in throwing it, and will kill at a conliderable diftancc. The world has no better marktrptn wiih any weapon. They will kill birds flving, fiflies fwiniiiiing, and wild bcaih running. They are not fo ig- norant as fome fuppofe them, but are a very inteHi;;enr people, quick of appre- henllon, fiiddeii in execution, fubtlc in bufinefs, excjuilite in invention, and iiiduf- trious in a6\ion. They arc of a very gentle md amiable difpofiticn to thole thev think their friends, but as implacable in ti'cir enmity ; their revenge being c mplctid only in tlic entire delirufliuii of rheir cmniies. Thev are verv h mov, bearing heat, cold, hunger, and tiiiift, in a furorifing manner ; and yet no people arc more addicted to excels in eating and drink.ing, v. hen it is conveniently in ilitir power. The ffllies, nay milclaef, they commit, when inebriated, are emircly l.iid to the liquor j and no one will revenge X 3 iiny 1 I N D I N D any injury (murd.r excepted) received ^^^'^^ ^^^f*' "^^^ ^^'',^'^^' ^[^V)"'^' "mo c Tvho.s ,.0 more himfelf. Among to an elyf.um, or P'^^f l';^ ^ J* ^^ \^^^-^ the Indian, all men arc caual, perlonal «^"»'- ""^ ^,';';?"v'"tl^^on int ;h1u^ qualities being moftcfleemeJ. No diftmc- the Ron.an V"'''! r " r ThVt^S ?,on nf birth, or rank, renders any m.n ='"^"''« '^'^'^ ''^ "^''^^^^a reJuU^^^ capable of doin., prejudice to the rights of a church, 3 '"';;j;"';"f *,;^|"';,"^,,'' !>,. privaie perCons ; and there is no prc-emi- mp-g'-'-'ind. Many of 'hem appe^r^/ea nence from merit, which begets pride, and which makes others too I'cufible of their own inferiority. Though there is, ?erhjps, Icfs delicacy of fer.tinient in the ndi.ins thin among us.thLrc is, however, abundantly more probity, with infinitely lefs ceremony, or equivocal compliments lous.'^and fay prayers in liieir families Thet'e, by their aciiuaint.inte with white people, are a little civ.lizcd, which rnuft of ncceirity precede Chrilhanny. The Shawanefe, Cherokces, Chickafaws, and feme others, are little concerned ah(,ut religion. Others continue concerned a'n r former s of their ti jets ceremony, or n.ninui,ai »,.niij/iiii.v.. ..,.----. «r .u. ,j Their public conferences ihew them to be fuperftit.ous worlh.p o the o^ men ofi-enius ; and they have, in a high love and tear, and tf^itcia, y .ao e bc.t^^gs degree. 'the talent ot natural elo,,ucnce. -^om they moft dread am vvl^omte- Thev live dilperfed in fmall villages, fore «e generally dcn.m:inite dev Is S- il, the wLds, or on .he b.mkf of though, at the ame times - ' '- rivers, where they have little pUnta.ions th.y Pf^y »^'l^« *""• /"f ."^^^Jj; ; ef Indian corn, and roots, not enough to benevolent deities, for fucccfs.n the.r ,m fiipplv their fan.ili'.s half the year ; and they fubfift, the remainder of it. by huntin.;, filhing, and fowling, and the fruits of the earth, which grow fpontaneoufly in ertat plenty. Their huts arc generally built of Imall logs, and covered wi'h baik, each having a cliimiity. and a do r, on which thcv phce a L " ' -^ - ' . -.1!. J nl. ncnevoieni. ucun.>, •"' ....>. --- - - dcrtakings, for plenty of '>>od, and ether nLcelTarits of lite. They have their fehi- va!-, and other rejoicing-days, on which they fiiig and dance in a ring, takin>; hards, having fo pain'ed and difguikd themfelves, that it is difficult to know any y. and a CIO r, on wu.cn of them ; and after '^"J'-Vi'-g this drer- ladlock. One of their fion for a wmle, they retire to the y^acs ;;wnsrc^ied Ofd Chel,c..he. is built in where Otey have ^P-cd^a^.^f ^n(h. the form of a Kentucky ftation, that is, a parallel .gram, or long I'quarc ; and fome ot their houfes are fliingled. A long council- houfe extends the whole h ngth of the town, where the king and chiufs of the ration frequently meet, and confult on all flelh, fowls, and , invited, and entertained with thur country fones. They believe that there is great virtue in feafts for the fick. For this purpofe, a young buck muft be killed and boiled, the friends and near neigh- ration frequently meet, and coniuit on a mm ""7:? "";.•• . , ^ ^^^^\,r, matters of* importanLt, whether of a civil bours of the patient '"v tc.l, ana iiaviwg or military nature. S -me huts are built by firft thrown tobacco on tjc fire, and co fettingup a frame on forks, and placing vcred tt up dole, l^^nS.le crv Thev ba-k aiit; others .f reeds, and fur- rmg. and '••^'^'=^,^ '^'^•'"'7.V//;it • and beafts. and fit on the ground. They have which ftrain their mufic is Frt.cularly e^- brafs kettles and pots to boil iheir for d. Gourds or cal.:ba(!ies, cut afunder, ferve them for pails, cups, anddilhes. The ac- counts of travellers, concerring their re- ligion, are various ; and although it can- - not be abfolutely afTirmed that they have who ]ire r^tict d ; (late uii' luarriis;. cellent. As they approach their towns, when fomo of their people are loft in war, they make great lamentations for their dead, and bear them long after in remetn- brance. Some nations abhor adultery, do not approve of a plurality of wives, and rity ; ' vered to do inoihc contiii hll t(: fents. thci- peoph niiferi me lit ftnde fome lities genet thcv ceedi yirilo woiil ward with their Intl eliy, they and if h( que none yet it mnft be confcffed verv d.ffi- are not guihy of theft but th re are h,m thev do not kn' w him, believing him tery ; but men are allowed p^^" jjertv th'cTo^ far exahed above them, and too This nation defpifes a thief. Atnong the ha-pvTn himfelf to be concerned about Cherokces thev cut off the no.e and ear tW lifting affairs of poor mortals. They of an adultrel^ ; ^^'"^^^7' J^-^.^ ftimc fc m Ifol, believe in a future ftate, and gives her a d.fcharge ; and f om thi. tim IST^ter death ihey Ihall be removed to Ihe m not pertauted to refute any ^onc t I N D who have gone before them, or pHradil'c. The Wyan- trnit, and fome others, have Catholic religion introduced ly miinonaries. Thelc have iniftcr, and a regular bury- Many of their, appear /ea- prayir* in their famihes. eir aciiuaint.'inte wv.h white httle cu.lizeil, which mull rreccde Cliriftianity. The Cherokces, Chiekafaws, and are little concerned a!».ut thers continue ti , r former worlhipof the ol >■■ .!> of their ar, and tfptcially triofe beings moft dread, and whom thcrc- cncrally dcnoniinate dt-vils ; the fame time, it is allowed o the Cun, and other inft rior deitici, for fucctfs in their iin- f<.r plenty of 'cod, and ether of lite. They have- their fehi- ther rejoicing- days, on which rind dance in a ring, taking ing fo painrcd and difguiftd that it ib difficult to know any md after enjiying this di'ti- while, they reure to the place I have prepared a feaft of fifli, s, and fruits ; to which all are id entertained with their country hey believe that there is great fcafts for the fick. For this a yotinj^ buck muft be killed d, the friends and near ntigh- the patient invited, and having vn tobacco on the fire, and co- up dole, they all fit down in a raife a lamentable cry. They 5vcr the fire and kindle it; and of the buck is tirft fcnt about, : taking a bit, and giving a loud imitation of crow s. They after- ceed to eat all the buck, making larmonious, melancholy fong ; in ain their mufic is particularly ex- As they approach their towns, nc of their people are loft in war, ke great lamentations for their I bear them long after in remem- Some nations abhor adultery, d" ovc of a plurality of wives, and guilty of theft ; but there ire ibes that are not fo fcrupulous. :he Chickafaws, a hulhand may cut ofe of his wife, if guilty of adui- It men are allowed greater liberty, tion defpifes a thief. Among the cs they cut off the nofe and eari dultrels ; afterward her hufband r a difcharjje ; and from this time :tot permitted to refufe any one wli« I N D who prefcnts himfelf. Fornication is un- r"tictd ; for thev allow perfons in a Tingle (late unliouiidtd frccd.jm. Tiicir form of liurriise is (liort : the man, before wit- ncff'.s, gives the bride a diet's foot, and /lie, i:i return, prefents him with an car of corn, as cniblems of lliiir fcvcral du- ties. The women arc very flavev to the men ; which is a comivnn cafe in rude, unpolilhed nation'!, throuj?hnut the world. Tiicv arc charged with being revengeful ; but this revenge ib only doing themfelves jiiftire on thife who injure them, and is fcldom executed, hut in t.i'"ts of murder and adultery. Their king has no piwcr to put anv < ne to death by his own autho- rity ; but the murd rcr i>> generally deli- vered up to the friend'- < f the dL-ceafcd, to do as tney plcal-. \''hen one kil s jnothcr, his friend kill- hiin. and fo they continue uniil much biood is (bed ; and at hill the quarrel is ended by inututl pre- fcnts. Their kings are heredmry, but thei- authority cxtremelv limited. No people are a more ftriking evidence of the niiferie^ of mankind in the want of govern- meiit than they. Every chief, when of- fended. Breaks off" with a part^, fettles at fome diftance, and then c imm'.n.es hofii- lities agaiuft iiis own people. Thev arc generally at war wi;h each other. VViicn tliey tuke captives in wir, they are ex- ceedingly cruel, treating the unhappy prifoners in fuch a manner, tliat deith would be puftra'ila to life. They a'ter ward give them plenty of food, load litem with burdens, and when they arrive at their towns they nni'.l run the gauntlet. In this, the favages txercife fo much cru- elty, that one would think it imp ilfiole they ilioiild furvivc their fufTerini^s. .Ma ny are killed ; but if one outlives this trill, he is ad iptcd into a fa iiily as a fon, and treated with pi'eriial kiiidncfs ; and if he avoid'- their fifpicions of going aivay, he is allowed the lame privil'.:j;es as tiieir O'A'n people. But fo neti'He» their pii'oners arc dcftincd to be tomired to liea'h, in or- der to fa.iatc the reven^^e of th.'ir cin t^iierorw. While their lot is in fufpenre, *lhe prifoners themfelves appear altoiretlicr tincoTccrned rtb'iut wh t m^y bifal them. They talk, they ett,thcy fleep, as if 'heri- werenodani'jCr iinpcndiu'.: : v, hen the fital fentence is inti \Mted to then, ih y reeeivc it wi'h an umltered cnuitenanc. railt their deih-fong, nnd prcpi'e to fufferhVe men. The vi<'t rs afl'emble as to a fulemn feftival, refolvi d to put the f irtittidc of the captives to the utmoft proof. A feme enfues, the bare de'cription of which is enough to chill the heart with horror, wherever men have been accuftomcd, by I N D mill inftitu'i"in% n rf'"pei'> their fperies, and to milt into tendt t'icIs at the fipht f human lufTerings. The prit mers are tied naked 1 1 a flake, but lo a-, to be at hocriy to in.jvc round it. All )rcfent, mn, w >- men, and chil jren. r.iili upm thc.ti like furic,. Kvery fpc'-Ie'^ o» torture i> ai\ 1 ed. SiTic burn their limb, wi.h redh >f irons, fome tiiinj^lj th:ir b.jdus wiili i^nives, others t( ar tiwir lle.li from then noiies, pluck out their n>ils oy the roo's, mihI lend and twift their fiiicus; and ;uch is their cnul ingenniiy in tirturng, tin', t>y avoiding toti'U'-lithe vital pins, ihey olten pr '1 ortj; tliis feene of an_.;.ii (i fir le.eral davs. In Ipirc of all th.'ir fufferm^--, t e viclims continiie tochtnt their d^aili long with 1 fii'm voice, tiicy Iviafi ot tlitir own exploits, they inl'ilt their torment >'s t t their want of fisill to avenge the d'.p.th of their friends and rel.tioiis, they warn tl'i-m of the vtn4Cinc.' tr.ar awjits th m on account of u hat tlicv are n )W doing, and ( \cite their ferocity by tlie mo;l pro- voking r pr ache-, and ti^reat-. To dif- plav und dinted firtitude in f.ich d cadful lituaMons, IS tlic n 'ble!l triumpn of a war- J the tn.il oy vo, lilt 1 y nor: to a-.oi.. — , j deatn, or lo Ihrink uud <" it, is dee'iicd cowirdlv and infamou'^. If ."ny i'- he- tray iViiipt ims of tinidiry, his tor', ntor, often dupatc.i hm ai once, with c jnrenip:s a^ unworthy of b;;in,: treate. like a ,'iin. A'li iiarc 1 hv th^'fe i.lca , t/iev endure, widi'iut a groa 1, what it 1. ems almofl m- p.i'.fihle thir li'iman nature Iho ilJ 1u a.n. \V'ea-y, at Icnjth, of c inten.ii 'r "i'h m.'n, whofe conifancy ■hey ci n van- quilli, foine elr.ef, in a r.ig ■, put>. ,i pen d tJtIi.'ir liiSf^ruif's, by >h jaiching th.in with his d.ijger or h's rl,'., fiv pi i^uc of S. Amenta gritify th' ir revenge i.i a mannci 'o i.e^viu' d.ii'.. e It, init vwhhe fanu unrelentui.r ranc ur. Tneir ori ■ n- t:T->, a''icr me. ting, a' ilier fir.l c trmcc, with thi 1 ml ■ r lu ;ii icc ption a- am ■ i^^ the N. Americans., a;e n-it o.nly ex'^mpt fr ini iniurv. out ^rei'tJ --vith :;.■■ e/t i •■'i kinHnefs. Tnrv a>' Tialed 'an 1 om'rlV< d, and fome beiot'*'i' v un : <"• 'iV'"« a"- o- pointcd to attend aal f'jl cc them. B;', bv a retuieinent of eruehy, uiiile th-y fc' m ftudious to attach their capuves la l*'e, tlitir do 'til is ii .■■■VI): .Oiv uxi.l <),i n ippninted dav, the vi'lo-iii' ■• v- fumbles, the pi doner is brou^hf f th v 'h j;r''ar fo'e'imiry. he 'nt's io> f^^i, w ]\ un I untcd ti'iu'ie's, and is di'"patched by a fiMt'le b! w. T 'c ino'iieflth'; fahs, the wont 1 (r\/x the ho.lv, ri'i-l .ircfs if '.irthe feift. Thev befrnear their childrrt, \> iih the hi )od, in or'!i '" 70 kind'- in r^pi-- ^n. foms a hatred < ' 'h ir enemies, and 1II X 4 joia -.^ai»lt.^aapw*^»g^*o»tf*^,l I mmm iii»uiLt^M%*fjfim'mf,r^,*r •- I vt- ,'•,**. ^ --^ 1 N D 1 N G ).;.n in fccd>ng npon ' - « ^IJ^^'^J, ^r v. hici inckKles the L pre. ukc of H.. . , im- ;;rettli S. Anicnca inv mcdiatelv u'uler ile Spanilh government, aUiioiUih the moil .iepvt'.r.d ..rder of men in the' country wliici l.clon<'ea to thtir ancellorb. -re r.ow far from bcini; treated l)et\vei.n Chiivm and Saumur. Chateau- roiix is the c.ipitah ^ JsnuL ANH Loii^F, a dcptrtnitr; of Franc;-, whic'.i i.'cludcs the lite pro- vince of Touraine. Tmirs is the capr.al. I.N- DORK, or Fndork, a modern ■ tar trom ncini: treaieu ■••■ ' -• , , . ,vi,hlH.vi-,HU-andaue;tvuiachvvaslaid ci-.v.of Hmdoof.ar. Troper, cap.tal o a witn I ]'•''!=''",■,,,■.,--,„,„,..,, ,s of 'hat tuiriory m the prAinceol M.ilvvi, lul- to the ^^^'^'ij;j^'l^'^^::^^2lr. j,ct to Inc of the ro<.nh Mahratta chiet,. 7X.^ 7l::;'^rcZ^%y .. re. t is 30 miles S. of Ou,e,n. Lo„. 7O. 5. ^. putcd^ freemen. anJc^tUtotncpr.^^ '"i ^jij^; ^- SlN„K, a ,reat river .- leges of luojc^s. '^, '■;";'"'*"'„ ''- Hindooftan Proper, called bv the nativ., bute, is ..-deed '"'?'-'!^':;,"P^",/ ^^^ ''^f, g "ie, ,, Sindeh. It is formed of ab.u. a an 1 i,i..irr the due rc-ul-itions of p nicy and b.umanirv. The Indiar.s v.Uo ;ive in tl'- m-ncipal tcwns arc entirely iuDjca to theSnanilh law. aivd mai;iftrales ; out m t^eir'o^vn villn^'-:.-, ti.ey are governeo by car- ucs fome of v !i^-m are the deKend- ants'of vhrir ancient U.rds ; ouiers are named l-y the Spaniil. ^iceroys. I i.ue rc'"jlue tic pettv M^:!:" ol the pcop.e iin- thc reriiau andTartariin mountains ; bu:, according to major Renncli, the foiirces ot taefe ftreams mnH be far more reiTlotc than the fides of tiiafe trrai itaius. From tiic cirv of Attock, in about lat. -^i. 17. downward 10 M...dinn, to the conliux cf the J.naub, or Chamub, it is commonly named tlu- river of A't o^-k.. Below the ' '""^ ''^o^'v^ms^^f'VVi;;;; " y^ Moultan, it proceeds in a S. W. •^"'''-'"•u'th mWt'"""^ ^lii^ftion, thr,u2h iLe province of tiiat tranlnutted to than b\ tiaU..icn u m^ __ _ ^ _^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^. ^__^^j^^^ ^^^^j ^^,^,.^ ^,_^^ Arabian Se i. l>y fcveral mouth., N. VV. of the r;ulf of Cutch. iNGATKsroNM , a tnwn in EiTex, with a market on W'c l.ufday The town cnnui's of one ftieet, the north fide if wi.ich, andlialfof the I'ooth fide, are in tl-,,' pa'. ii:i of Frvirnin}>:, It is 6 miles S. W. of Chelmsford and 25 N. E. of Lon- don. Lon.c. i>!.E. lit. 51.30- N. lK(-.i.K:;iiriM, a town of Germany, 111 the palatii.ate of -.he Rhine, rcmari.abic for having been the rehdtnce of the em • n,.rors. It is featcd on the river Sa!\a, ( n a(i eminence, wl',en>:e there is a charming profpeft, tivc mihs S. W. of Mentz^ and live W. of Biugtn. Lon. 8. 15. F. lat. 49, 4^. N. . ,. IXGLETOV, a town in the W. n.)in<: anctrors. To the Infliai.s, tn.s jan die tion, lodged in fuch friendly hands, alforos fome confol.m n ; r.nJ lo little rorniioau^.e is tins dipni-v to tiieir new matters, that thcv often allo.v it to dch-cnd by lieruh'.a- ry riiht. For the f.-.r'her r.bet ot nu.. fomuch exp. !ed toopprelliop, the Span;!h court has appointed an o.nrer in every diliru'l, with the title of Troleftor rf t,ie Irdi; rs. It is his <'uty, as the name ;in- plies to aflert tli? risilits of the Indians ; [opppear as their defender in the courts ofiuliiec; a-,:.: to fa b'lunds to tae en- croacliments and exafilons of his country- men A p;!rticn of tiie annual tri'Hirc is , d-ftintd for the falarics oi the c'.ii'iues and pro;ettors ; another part i. appropnat- ed to ih<- payment of their t. o5Utr m ycai^ H:. rro^non too IS made, hvvanot. a,KU46 o L ndon ,,. ^^^^^ ^, {'"^'■vhrh'.hiti^"n,ould bo found..! in Incolstadt, a handfo.ne town of of Indians. Suv.li '>^'P"'VV"r . j; „,.. Knllr r.r (Von,., and the If reels are laiTe. i,v-!y been civthd, beta for the mdigent and infirm, in Lima, Cu'-co, and Mexico, vdi-rc the Indians are treated wmi tcn- dernefs and humanitv, See Kskimaux, Udius We«v, BaTagonia, and St. Vikcknt's. ^ IMKUAPORE, a Dutch fcttlemcnt on the weftcrn coaft of Sumatra, in the £. I«di«, .08 miksM. VV. of BsncoolcD. arc built or Ihme, and the If reels are large. Ir is the ftrons',elt town in Bavaria, but was taken bv the Auttrians in lu^- }^ i. fcated on "the Danube, five miles N.E. of Neuburg, and .^5 N. by W. of Munich. Lon. II. 10. E. lat. 4S.46.N. iNGRiA. a province of the Kulhail empire, which now forms the povern- mcnt of St. Vuiiiihuv^h. It is bounded on 1 N G , a ikpartmont of Fr.incf lesthe hue pro\iiice of Vicii . liiiic truin :i river, wliiih iiK/. i-tniuiit, aivl patiing into t': .- 1(1 Loire, f-.iHi i;'to tht L:iii. liivin and Saumur. Ciiattau- c.ipitdl. b ANH Loire, a depirtriic; which i.'cludcs the lite pm- niraiiic. T.nirs is the capi.al. Kl, or }''miork, a rnudcrn mdooftar. Proper, capital of ;i 1 the prA;iKe<'l' Maiwi, llili- of the roimth M-ihratta chief... les S. of Oiii^cin. L-in. 7&- 5- ^^ N. or SiNDK, a great river •: 1 Proper, calleil'hy the nativ...:. Siruleh. It ih formed of abiiir.. Kil ftreamc, wi.icii Jclc.tnd from 1 aiivlTartari-in mountains ; bu;, to major Reiineli, the fimrcti v.i ims ITiiltt be far mare remori- kits of tiiufc ivi'iii itaius. Fr(..)i ' Attock, in ah,)ut iat. -^z. ii. 1 lo M..,ilian, Ui the coniiux cf 1), or Chan ml), ii is commonly :: river of A't )i-k. Below the loultan, it proceeds in a 8. W. through the province of tiut d tha "if Siiuly, and enters tho_ se 1. tiy fcveral mouih-, N. W. of if Cute h. i-KsvoNM', a town in EiTex, with t on W'c'l.ufday. The town f one it:eet, the north fide ff nd lialf of the I'onth fide, are in ■1 of Frv. vn'w^. It is 6 miles S. :heln.sford ami 25 N. E. of Lon- r.n.c. 1^!. E. lit.51. SO-'"'- KiiiU'.iK, a town of Germany, in rii.atc of :he Rhine, rtmari.aV.Ic ig been the ithdtnce of the em- it is featcd on the river SaUa, ( n :nce, wliem.e there is a charming , tivc inil.s S. \V. of Mentz^ and of Bingen. Lon. S. 15. E. Iat. Sf. -ETON', a town in the W. n;nn;; (liire, eii;lii lulles N. W. or Settle, of London. )LsrAi>T, a handfoine town of ly, in Bavaria, with a famous uni- and a fine church. The houlcs t or If one, and the If reels are large, ic ftroni',elt town in Bavaria, but en bv the Auflrians in I74i- '' 1 on the Danube, five miles N.E. 3ur^, aud 45 N. bv W. of Munich. .. lo.E. Iat. 4^.46. N. KiA, a province of the kuHiau , which now forms the povern- f be. PturlburKh. It is bounded on IN G I N Ct \, KT Iw the liver Neva and the frta^w reined it from the Swedes, and it ^ fccl-nned to him bv titc treaty of Kvi\a.^t is lit'- ^^^ tmsiiine, the.n- K lusof the l^tcountivwere a F.ti- ; h p pl but iu.le dilVer=nt from the rms'^'fCarehaa. toth;rlan.ur,gea.d ^ ?-ners Thcv were c.died henorki. and ji 1! ;, inmwbe v.vcr llthor... Nvnich ;:,roto the Neva. i".nf ^'^ net retain it, ancunt bwcdilh priv;Itti;« = "" *'"- ^nS , Pet.r^ made . n.-.^fcnt ^ one part of the Ileh( rt/i to cerram R .«.. n ToHes • who, on t-.eir hde, were obliged o peiV.c tic Icfs-c.l'ivared cantons ...f In- Vrvithcolonicsof Rul'..nstromu,a fciand.lupeeitis, diatweotreni.e a Ibgcof Ruliuns furrouu.ed ovmI- 1 ';,f Vihs Tlu^c Ifclwrt/i" have ny-'i. an iil-ci.ofen mean be' w.er. .1 ..t of the RuUlans and that ot ;Ue I'lns. I hey Scab. mrmallv,lia,es,.of hveorun cor-v huts. Their boulehr.Id furMUirt •Ltl^the ereue^ pem.rv; and tne.r manner, f living ..lauai>d;;"dddgu(hnu. ^'olw.thllandinp'theUnd.hateac:l^■n ly occu,, :e. is of t.Aerable extent, t^'-' 't " cMvare and cattle arc equa ly po n . fh .r ■ubn.>u.nto i^Uenen,and.l... M|glcs tU-m often to !e:l their hock, a: .1 th. v , corn thev have la.x.Uorlowmgt,ie beds The money, which that produ.- , tl ey f<,uanderinan,ort.ime andarethu. e- daced to the molf dcplMv.ole '" >'^ "«;. ■n this (late they beheld their cat, kd^eot huns'er and cold w^th the moil pei.ea in- d ^ rence. Some of ihem, however, imi- n^- h"kudianv,ll,ig.r., whi^tre bet- t r m;ina-^cv., moreat their caie, and in ret- ciixumftances. The Ing.-ans .re a ftunid, lulpicious, thieviih race, and dan- 'Xsfroln their phlegmatic and peering u^M-erament. Tiiole who live a loni; toe r ; to Riira. relen.bla the evpf.es. are - va'. bonds like them, calculate na-.v,t,es, 'nd 1 fortunes. The drefs of tne men s1><^iAlvl.kcth..tofthcF,nboors;b«tthc habit of the women betrays a jamtv, Sich,conride,ingihepove.tvofthi>peo. nlc and 'l.e tyranny which their huPound^ £ fibers ex^rcue over them mav pa s forluxnrv. The lower part of then di-.. ■ V^Ssthatof.heFin country women. Their ihiftrcache. down to tK-r knee. ^hasaneekandclolowriftbaiKh b. them pmked or wrought. Ihe Iktvts ^re large and wbin-ficaHy worked. The I ,dy of the Ihift .: laruc and pulled with irlefs plaits; and tlu.nak^ uiualiv f.ur^veeks work. Irbcad o * ^ticLt, theIn,rKinwo,«entie,ne^^^^^ ,de a imen apron without .athcrs. ri tic aprons are ^■>^^^^""^\'>\'''"'^'"i ^^ t^n.s ot linen vorked v.nh dittercnt coL.urs. Thole behind cottic over ore another, but eefore tlvy ave at lome d.l- t "ce- hcopenp.rtof.h. .ecucoat then ed:vith.la.beads^.KUut!e(helh Seve- r.l rt,in.s of tbe:c beads arc woier.tmd the neck, and f.ul upon fx b.ealls. 1 hey carry, ratner tlian wer.r, heavy ear-rmgs, with the addition g.ne.ailvotormgs-^ beads T- e u,irls wear tnetr iiair loole .ndur covered: the mar.icd wotrien, en .•,,:contrary,conct.l their nairbU- he F.Tiilh women, with a piecn inen, four yards and a hV.f in Icn^^th, tclded ..ward he middle mto a kind ot cao, wui e us extremities fail upon the b.ck, and « f'jpp rted by aoy ..bcKirdkinf-iC.Hmanncr that die whole tt^akes a kind of Ipread lail Z:.r tlie Ihouidcrs. When tliey dre s themfelvcstos'> to town, jney omn, .nlv p,;tontheRu',scap,with.sornarn.ned with a peak in front, .s lined witn ur, and laced roand the edges: with this the^j wtaralon-L:"^vn, made of coarlc lluff, ur.'i f^ftcm'd down the breaft w'th biit- tons. Before the Ruirnns con'iucre.l th.i country, the l...,r.ans h.d Luuieran tiii- .■.i.ur.loreveiy'euuon; bur nun,.er» of t;.,_m have been fmce converted to the Greek faith. Thev are full ot ablurd no- tions and ra-mloper'nt:oiv., whica they mi., with the eeremoiuals of Chnlhan.ty. • Thcv cnmm.KV.v conf.der tnc hgures ot the K-.iats as lel.ls to be adored. They ctirrv them into the woods in proceffion, and there pay them a formal worflnp. VV.ien atnan is inclined to marry, be i,uvr. himfelf a girl, and cekbra.cs his- nuptials. All the wav to .he churcn they are^KCompanied by vw,. wotn -n in ve-i s who fm.comrollnons •'.-"'= ""Y "'^ them (Wtorallv uellituteot common fenlc. No f.oner is the marria,;e ceremony per- formed. th:n the uulr.and be, .ns to treat hs wife with the utmoft ever.iy, and thenceforward keeps her under if net dn- cioiine. thout;h not a ways w.th he (Treated aitenuon .0 jui.ice. She ,s often I, arenforti-.. fiulrs of tbe c.o.,d,cn. and lon.etimes f<;r thole ot the dmtie lies. The dead ar« buried by the piuao! tic .-..ofeffion to e.hichthtv belong : bur thele luperftitious people return to t..e grave, uuder cover ot the night, and, r.avmg ..:,jflS»5-3?»K*«' ,j3aEaj,-ir»»»*j j£s^rt?!*iSE:rKK3a#<«*?''ri«'«Si •^ip^^n-sasi^V^^^'*"^''"^^'*^'^' I N O I N V t«ken up thefod. ricpifit enables for their jivii, « i.li a f.,rr, atui a p.I.fc where the ckp.irtfH t'riciul, which thev rcr.oA- ilurin^ > fortni;;ht or three weeks. 1) 'i';s mi. I other aiiiTisli ealilv fcratch upthd'evic- ti'aU anil lUvmir them, w hile iht finnplc peiple that plued ihem there, hLliivc thev were cmfirvtd hy the deccaletl. Their general opinion ts, that they r. m- tinue to live in the ('uhterran!.ail world in the fame manner as they did on iho (iir- face of the earth ; and that the grave is little more than a change "f hahitation : for which reafon, they hury ihcir mom.y, that they may have it to uie in the ohcr world. They fpeak to their decealed friends, and j?n to their trmh fd of this plii.e ib a cunfuhrablc iron work. It is 7: miles N. W. ot Editi- ■: r^n ZZi ;;:;. S^. l^^^^^r^ bu;,h. and 4. N. VV^ of GU^ow. Lon to Riga. It is formed hy a latj^e lime-tree, 5. o. W. lat. 56. 16. N v/hoit branches art interwoven with tliofe of the forctt that arc ncarcft to it, and form a dththtful bower. On the feftival of St. Jolm^af I'ight, thel'chotlii alTtmhie nnder lUis tree, and remtin till morning, INVF.KBEKVIK. See BFRVtE. "♦ Invkkesk, a village of Scotland, in F.dinburi;ti(hire, iituated on the E. fide of the mouth of the river Elk. on the frith of Forth. In 1783, the fuhterraneous re- nnder ims tree, ana remoM uu Mr«M ..,,.£, «. ■• ;■■■'--?' , , u„, u,,u flirieking. and Cnging, and dancing, r^und mams of a Rom.n hvpocaua, or hot bath, a crcat tire ; concluding their oigies with wire diftovercdin this vil age burnini; a white cock, and making the mofl abfurd gefticuUtions and grimaces. * Ikgi'shi. See Risi 1. Ink, a river of Gcr.nany, which has Its fource in the country of the Giifons, and at the foot (jf the mountain Septimer- bere. It runs N. E. through Tirol, by In vniKKi IHING, a b(ir.iuj;h of Fifc- fiiirc, in Sco-lind, firuated in a beautiful bay of the frith of Forth. It has a con- fid'erable trade in coal and other articles ; and is 18 nvles N. W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 5. 15. VV. lat. ^7.0. N. Invernkss, a royal borough of Scot- bcre. it runs rt. n.. i.iMmj;ii inv^i, .^. ».,,.-., -■ .-.-. „ Infpruc, and cominuing its courfe N. E. land, capital of a county of ^he lame natne, through B.varia, pnfies by Kufstein, Vaf- pleatantly fuuated on the S. bank of the f.Zf Brauna^-.and other towns, .nd river Nefs. «nd ove.lo<,ki.ig .he tnth o f!lls fnto the Danube, between Palfau Murray. It has a .tfe ""d/""^;;"^ "' and Inftadt harbour, and a good de.d of Ihipfit.ig. iNNACONnA, a fortrefs of the Dec- Several large iniildings ha\e been eTe.'ted can of Hindoonan, in the Guntoor Cir- on the N. fide of the town, in which a car fmiatecn a hill, 46 miles N. VV. hy confider.bk- m.mufaaory ol ropes and can- N 'of On^le, and lubjtft to the nizam vals is carried on. It is a popu .us and nf'fhc Deccan flourilhing town, being the chief matket ♦ INNFRKFITHINC, a village of the to a wide traa of furrounding coiiiitry. countv of Feeblcs, in Scoilmd, onthe N. An academy is intended to he crrfttd here f,de of the river Tweed ; near which is on an txtenfive (c dc ; a liberal (ubtcrip- an excellent medicinal fpring, rifing into tion having been entered into tor that be- *|.]^[,^ijy iievolent purpofe. On an eminence alvAC INNISKILLIKG, 1 ftrong town of Irs- the town are the ruinsot the old tal'lc of land, in the cou.uv ..f Fermanagh. 'J'iie Invernefs, demolilhed by the rebels m inhabitants I'.iftipi'ii-.n.ed ilitmielves in fa-, vour of king William, fo'^n aUer the Re- volution, againft king James's party. It is featcd 'between two lakes, twenty miles E. of BallylLannon. Lon. 6. 50. W. lat. u-i? N. INNTHAL, a diftna of Germany, in the Tirol, watered by the river Inn. Inf'pruc is the capital. lNOWSi.ADisi.ovir, a ftrong and con 1746. Over the river Ncfs is a handfomc bridge of feven arches. The l.dmon fiflitry in this rivtr is verv eonfideiihle, and is ft to fome fithiTionf,'ers of London. Near this town, on the wide luaih, called Cullodtn Miiir, the duke of Cumberland gained a decifive vittory ovtr the rebels in 1746 ; and a httie to the W. of this town is the remarkable vitriiled fort called TraicT Phadrick : the ftones, compofing its lNOWSl.Anisi., nderable town of Poland, capital of Cu- waUs, appear to have been partly meltc^d ^wwar **"^!" ■ng»'^»— ^^1^ rHjii I N V rr, ami a ptiifc wliere the >ia rclidts. Ft is 19 niilct na, anil i)0 \V. of W'arlaw. Mat. 52. :S. N. I town of CiermanVi in tlie l.e iliftri^l of Inntlial, with It is \cry p"inil<)us, was jlarf vlurc the arclidiikc» Ifil ; iml is Icatcd in a pli- 1- I the liver Inn, 17 mile's N. n, and 60 S. of Munith. C. 1st. 47. 10. N. S'-e PA-iSAi'. V, A T'y il b Toiiuh of Scot- 1..1 iff, fiaielon'thc N. W. K^ne. In the nci^hb mi- plii-e ib a ciinrnUrablc iron 7: iiiilrs N. W. ot E>lin- ;. N. \V. of GUfgow. Lon. 56. 16. N. KVIK. Sec BfR VIE. ESK, a village of Scotland, in ire, fmiated oti the E. fide of f the river Elk. on the frith n 1783, the fubterraneous re- unvin hvpocaiiO, or hot bath, red in tfiis vil'age .1 IHING, a biirviuj;h of Fifc- rlind, finiated in a beautiful rith of Forth. It has a con- ;le in coal and other articles ; iivlcs N. W. of Edinburgh. VV. lat, ^7.0. N. Kss, a roval borough of Scot- of a county of ;he lame name, tuattd on the S. b.uik of the and overlooking the triih of It has a r.ifc and convenient nd a good de,.l of Ihippi^ig. ;e buildings hJ\c been truMtd fide of the town, in which a ; m.innfaftory ot rojies and can- ied on. It is a popul mis and town, being the chief market raft of I'urrHUnding country, ly is intended to be crefttd here nfive fc.lc ; a liberal fubCcrip- r Liftti enured into for that be- iirpofe. On an eminence ab' ve are the ruins ot the I'lJ e^I'le of demnlilhed by the rebels ii> vcr the river Ncfs is a handlbrnc ■ feven arches. The l.dmon this rivtr is verv confidcrible, to I'ome fitbmonfters of London, town, on the wide luaih, called Miiir, the duke of Cumberland decifive viftory ovtr the rebels and a little to the W. of this le remarkable vitrified fort called adrick : the ftoncs compofing its pear to have been partly melted by J O A by fire. Invcri>e''s is 50 JOI •WN F of A rich ftWer mine was difcovered in a miles N. E. ot n ^^^^ „ „,„inj; of the .hth century. I„ANNA. See!HN/.tJA.S. p,u,l,a.wihaci..ulel.(e,i.ed..nthenver *>:'.,„.s ..•r.^.oAr'.n..t.sK there. m..in.o»an..tcdh.mU-,re.k.mcdtl.etnoa rtherlyd.elhnginScorlnnd. andlttuatc oiiDanJlbayn.Hl.whchform.thc north- eaftern point of Ga.il IJntain. loui's, »r. aniHand in Afia. one of FVr" Wiu'amrand" ,o6^N. of Edinbiir^h Nairne Murr.i , and Aberdeen i or, S bvthn!eot Perth. nd Ai ^vle, and on the W.by the elv..ni.el call. d he M.n.V. 1 ts ex- tent fr.m N. to S. is ahoNC ^o miles, and tent n m ' ,p| nortluTn from E. to W.ab.u. bo. '■ "" ^. part is very mounian.us and ba ren. 1 ne ?, ,ody motmtams are .be lutn.t of f^ ^^^ y.' and rocs. Ihc heath is \Mc<^ b. back g3me.ndgrou(eia,uluiel,l.vlun..t'sof fuehUsb?ptarn.^.;anwndAlpu.ehars This county has leveral cnuderable lakes; being divided, in >* /-"^^^^j; ,„two equal parts, oy L"^>^;J''^, ^"'Ji Oidt, Loch Lochv, and L'.ch Hi , ai Shich mi,ht be united by ^ "na ; 'h would form a communication between tl e Tw feas. Of m.^ft o^ the great lakes in ^s ounty.it is remarkable.that.tiotuMth. Handing the coldnels.Mhe cl-m.ue, tUcy "re ieldum or never known "' f--- ^ ' n,ucli le.s are ti.e arms ot the ic , esu, in the moft n .r.hern parts J Stot.anJ, ^vh e the Texel, and many ba.s and ureat rivers ,n Holland and J.-. many, are uue. ed with .ce. The (ourhero part of ..e fliire is alio verv mountainous, and is Uip- Scdto bethcmoll elevat.d ground in Scotland The ex-.enhve pi ms whu.h furround the lakes, ar. , tn g'"'^'- ;•/""'- ( and the h'gh grounds teed many Ibeep and W„k cattle the rearing and fed.ng ot V'chtt chief trade of the. nlubitants Limeftone, iron ore, and fome traces of Sr nt^^■.neralshave been found in this coun V, wiih beautiful rock cryflals of va- nous t^ms ; bt.t no urines have '-- woi^^d hitherto with much fuccefs. The princi- pal river rs the Spey ; but the.e are many others of inferior note, as the Nefs, F)er , Giafs LMchy, &c. The common people Pnle l.gh 'plrts of the -ntry and on the wertern Ihore, fpeak GaUic , out the people of fadiion m Invrnefs and it neighbourhood, ufe the Engl.ih hngia^ and pronounce it with pro- P"»"lVvF.RUKY, a fmall borough of Aberdeen(hire,inScotland n.uatedot.the beautiful and fertile banks of the river Don iuft above its confluence with the Ser called Urie Water. Inverurytstj miles N W. of Aberdeen. Toac».ms.Thal, that is .ofay, the .J°* , L , v,;.« , fown and valley a r. an uiivm Ml . • ■ -■ lines, E. of Mindanao. Lon. vaileTof ■si'-JoachW, a town and valley IfBohemia, L the circle of Ehiobogen. 116. XI. E. l;rt. 0. 30-^- , ,,, . loHN's. Sr. an.ilmdr.f N. America, in (hcb V -f St. Lwrenci, having Nova 8cS M.n-.heS. and VV. and Cape Bret, n on the E. It was taken by the Enthfl. m ''fioMN's, ST. a river of N. America, in N. va Scotia, which running N. to b. enters the bay ot f-un.iv. : J„HN'., Sr. a new town of N. Amrica, inN.wUrunl.vick. tisfitu. ated at tbe m-uth of .ire nver St. John 1, •inihebavofFundy. andwasattulUaU- td Parr Town. Lon. 63. .5- ^^ • '''^- ♦>' '*• Iohn's, St. atown and fort on the F fide of the iaaud of Newfoundland. Lon. ^ John's, St. the capital o«; Antigua. It is one of the regular towns m the W. Indies, and has the m-d ^■"'"7„"»'"'"» , Lrburlr of any ..f the Lex.vard laandi. .. Lon. fti. 4. VV.lat. .7- 4- ^•. JoHNii'MRA, a very anciem tovvn ot Spain. i^Catalonir, leated at the foot of ,i- Pyrenees, 20 miles S. of Perpigoao. iGiioRi., JoK, orlHOK, a town ot the^uninfuUofMAuca.in Af.a. It was trken and defiroyed by the Portugucle m ,603, but has been frnre rebuilt, and it now in .he iv.irelUon of the Dutch. Lon. Q,. t^. E. lat. I. iS-N' . , J lo.GNi, a town of France, m the de- : partment of Y.mne and late pr wince of Bur-undv. Its red wines, al.hwgh not of tire lirft T.i.lity. have a great demand. Here is a erltle, which wou d be a ma-ni- Ccent one. were it f.niVd. It IS feated on the Yonne. 17 '^'<'=\ S- "* a"^"'- I01VVILI.K, an ancient and on rider- able. own of France, in the depav . .nt of Uooer Marne and late province ot Cham- pag'.re, w.th a large magnificent caftle. It is the birthplr-ce of the celebrated car- dinal of Lorrain, and here arc many tombs ofthehoufeof Lorrain. It«/"I^^?; the river Marne, 15 ^ilcs S. W. of Bar- le-duc, and n-.S.^.oi Pans. Lon. 5. io. E.lat. 48. 20. N. ^.a..tae/««c<*vi^.-:i..«wwffl=*e.ia-*w= ri- ^=W^flWeiFr=iiaS»«*^^'- I r s lOK*. Sec UoLMKII.t.. • tovKioi-iNfi.a tovnof Svvf(!rn,ea. piul.-ti. pn,^..ncc*;f Smulnul.an.lftnt iUfticc }.r the k,n!:,(loni ot (,n,hlana|^e, which i.-. ('• 57- .or.-. XV. a rivrrof Turkey inAl-.a, In FaUftHX. !t rif.s in Mo.mt L.-un,., and r..n>- f->"^ N. 'o S. f .nnni; tw - lakes, t£o.,c. f..r,n.rlyc:.l!c,lthc.«ofC,ahec or the- Uk. ot Tiberias, and the oihc, '^;?::t!TH, avall^yofWcaine, in Ar.r.,bawcc,r Jcrulalcn and the Mount ofO.vt:. |rispratyl..^g.butn..tHroad; rcripturc. Ulic.c that th.s is the p. . X.C »11 "'«"^"^'^ arc to tnctr at the day rf^.a,.ac,u.ar.cr they have nlcnnptn * losh.'i-lN.atovn of VriiKi, in the deoaitnient of Morbihan and l:r..: province orr.c..i^"e. .-miles N.E. of Va..ne.. Lon ;.j3.W.lat. 4^. o. N. To.w.r\., a town nf France, in the dc mrtnunt.of Seine and Maine and ate rol^,ccoftl,crne.FFvancc,w,thahtc Fame 'and ma...:ninccnt yene.h.'t.nc ab- bey ^ig''^ "'■'''^^' '■'■"•■" C<.l'>nuers, .0 from Meaux,aiul , . f.oM, r.ns. icc, In the depart.nent of Ard.xhe a.ul lue province of Dani,l.inv,fca..d on the nver Wn . '-/ n.llcs S. W. of I'r.vai IP. .1. A, a to^vn .,f Tu.!-.ev m Kurope, v,hh a Greek arehbillun- l^c^ ^ is ■featcd ou the r.vcr Lm(^^, - i^-!« 3. W of Traianopuli, and i.s \\ • '■! Y"" ftaminople. Near it arc n.rne, of a.um. hg,rtoth:N.W.ofthc,lb..Kl..f ben \u> which it is i r ^ E form of a hcnit, an." over-agsinft it. t« the VV. isanoiher iV • ' 'and, called Aiui- Ipltra. . Ii'sTONKS, a villnuc in StaT.ir.liliirr, near the river CUurnet. one n.ile below Kui'div. The foil htie is noted for pro- ducing tlic hel^ nid.l;e, or r:d-ochre, for nia.kn}; ilitep. , „ «- .. ■ i Irswicii, I boroi.rh of SuttniK, wiiii nv.rkctJ, on Wcdneta-.y, Fridav, a!i 1 Si- turdav. It i' leated on the river O; wc. ncir the place where r!ie fre!h and (alt water meet. It h a place (.f t^cat anti- cpnty, and \'a; once I'urr nindeci l)y a wall, traces u( wiiicU are yet to be fcen. It is (livickd into 4 wards, containini; ii iw- rilh ch'.iichev, with a I'relbyterian, an In- dependent, and a Qiiakcrs meeting;- houle, and has a hindfoine j^nil lliall, two holpi- ta's, a fi-celcli.-o!, with a good library, fevcral ahr.lhoul'es, and a cuftnnihoulc, Willi a g.-Kid i|uay. It is governed by tv.o hailiifs a rei..r.ler, iz p-rtmen (from whom two b.uli>V; are cholea) a town- ckr!-, 2 chamb-vliins J coroners, and 24 common c'.iinc.lnun. It i^ populous .and well inh.ibited, thouuh irregularly built ; but it hasderl'.rcd fr'ini its tanner conle- (I'licncc. Its nanfaftures of h:oad clnrh and canvaf, nre ar an end ; and i". prctent cnmmrree cbiefiv depends upon 'be malt- ini' and eKponati..n of cm. It b.a^ a c.jn- f„hrable c -alV.nj: trade and a l-na I ftare of foreiirn commerce, and has I i-cly U:nt ftiris to""Creenland. Veirds ot l!r-c bur- den arc obliged t») llop at lonie dillance bt- lo.v the town. It is noted for beinjj t he birthpUce or cardi'ial Wolftv ; is zo in.les N E. ^^u"i;SE.i.?:r.S...»«iJ»;,;h. lii^ber r Ti E i;t, atii ovcr-agsinft if, t' lilier I'rr ., : 'and, callcJ Aini- a vill.is;e in Snlfirddiirp, |tr Cli'.inict, one mile below In- liiil litie is nt.'ttd tor pro- It riiilil:c, or ruJ-oclirc, for I biiroiirli op SufTolk, witli W'cdiifl.lay, Kridiv, aii 1 Si- ' iLritcil (jii the river Oiwcl!, |.cc where the frclh and filt Jt is ,1 pLicc of grcif unti- :k "i-.cc Uirr undev^ by a wall, icn arc Vft to be focii. It l» ) 4 V. irds, frintiiii.iin; 12 n.i- >, with A lVc(bytcri,in, nn in- ■;d a Q^iikcri, niectini;lionrc, i.lloine J 111! ;iiall, two holpj. 'c'l '^l, with a irniid lihr.irv, lii.''ilcs, and a tiifii),ii!imifc, ay. 1 1 is governed bv two reionlir, 12 (urtiTitn (from i". li.F. are clioltii) a town- n-.h^: I tins ; eoror.ers, and 24 iincilnun. It is popiiloiis and ltd, thoii^ii irre;.;ul.irlv !)iiilr; Ltl'.rcd fi'dii its tnriner confe- 5 nriiifa^tiirts ot broad cl'irh :ite a* an end ; and its preftut cl N. E. of Cockerino'iih, ami zrjo N. N, W. »f I, ndon. Lon, j, iii. \V. Kit. 54. 50. N, InKKKV, Jerkiv, or Yahkan, a rich, populous, and lar';e town of All.i, in Tartary, c.ipitid of Uoch^ria, with a caftlc. It is tile llaple town of ail the trade einicd on between tic ln(!iesand the N. p.irt of ^A(ii, The Kalniucs arc maimers of it; and never ilifi'.irh any ine I n account of thuir reiigim. It is eii'Jlt tr.ilcs N, of Calligur. Lon. 73. 25. E. Lit. .M. 4'?. N, Jkei.ani), one of the Itritith inind?, lying to ihe W, of that of (i 'Cit Hritain. It is bounded on the F. bv St. CJeor»',e'» Channel and the liiiii Sea, which f^'p irate it from Engl '.ml :iiv! Walt ; on the N. E, by a ch.ni)-.tl , hi i|t 20 mil'-s l>r.a divided into four larpe provirccs ; n:;iT>ilv, Ul;ler to tl".* N. J.ti' lltr to the v., Munller to ihi S. -iiid Connaught to the \V, iind thtl'e arc lubdividid into counties. The air is mild and temperate, b^il)^; cooler in futn- mcr, and watnu-r in wmrtr, than in Knii;- lai (1 ; tlmui'h it is not fo clear nnd pure, 111 r (o iioper f r ripenin;' corn and traits. It is more humid than in I'.n.l.iud ; for which real'on, ftrangers. at firft, are vcrv liable to coUU, iVc. but thi:, quality is prettv much mended, ami will be niTC 1 r, whtn ihc b.us and mor,iiVi.s ?ic draii:- i.u. In gener.il, it is a fruut'd, level Country, well watered wi'h hikes and rncrs; and the (oil, in moft parrs, is very good and feriile : even in thi !">• jilaces, where the bogs and monfTis have dee;! virained, there is gi^oj meadow ground. Jt pr« duces corn, hemp, and tUx, in p-eat plentv •. a;,d there are fj many cat - tie, that tlieir beef and butter are ex. piv.-ted into foreign parti ; and not cnly the E(ni;liil), but othci- fliips. fri.'.puo;ly Come to be victualled here. The priu- tipal riehis and cc^mmodi'its cf Ireland iire, tattiL-, hidis, wool, tallow, f'uct, but- ter, cl.ecle, wu' d, (alt, li'.nev, *va\, furs, hemp, and, 11101 e el'peciallv, tine linen cloth, which thev have hron/rht to grc:.t pcrfi-Clion, ind thuirttade in it is v.iflly iiicrealod. Thi- country is '.'xciedinfdy Will fuiri'td fir fivci'.n tradi , on ac- count li" ihi-ir many fecure an I comn'-"- di.us harbour?. Their laws d;t'lT h';t le from tlioie of Kntjhiid ; and r^e efiabli(.'ied religion ii the- fatne, Ihe I R F. members of paillamciit tifudly fit for life, unleli. 11] on the demife of the king of Gnat Hntain ; but, 111 t -•(>'<, tip ir p«rli4« mcnts were ni.idc octennial. K .imcrly, this kingd, 111 w.is I tittii ly fnb ir linatc to that ot (.Jicat Hritiin, wl: (c p.irluinciit couLI m.'ike laws to hind the propjj of Irel.uid ; aril an appeal mii'ht be mado from tlair courts it j'.iHice to the hoiife of lords in Knj'luvl ; bur, in i7''i, it wa« declared, that alftiouj^h fridind w:.s an im- penal cirvrev, inl't-parubly anntxi d to that of Urit.iin (oil which conntdlion the in- terelt and happmel's f>f hi ih nations ttTen- t'lvMf d-pcndi-d) Vet tlic L/r.'ii'cn of Ire- land was diltmdt, with a pirliainent of its own, ami th it no l-'dv of men were ccinipi.',i;nt to make laws t r Ireland, ex- cept the kill'-:, lords, ami cnniiihins there* of. And, fo.nc toiu ;i''er, t'.i> declara- tion btmg thouriit inrul:iciint, the Britith li'gillaturi., in the in ti: lolemn n-.anncr, by an exprtCs act if p'uliamcnt tor that pur- pofc, relincpiillied all il: in of rij;ht to in- terfeie with the judj;mcnt cf the Irilh courts, er to mike laws to hind In land in time to ct>ine. The lord Icutenant of Irtlaiid, as uell as the counril, are ap- p im'i d, from time to time, bv the kinjj. Tbtie is ulually a bi;dy ot Mi.oco mtn kept in pay on the hi(h iit ablillimenr. Thev are not qu irrertd in public houfts, but lodi'K in hnrraci'^ built lor that pur- pole. There are a srreat number of tl' man catholics in iliis cruntrv, whole lelii^iou is tolerarid, and to whom, in 7:j, the libci.-l Ipirit of the irilh ko\C. niirc 1^ ra'ited mativ imp(>ri:;nt conrtf- (ions. There ?''e likLWile iiiinv protef. I ir.t diCicnti.rs. particul irlv in f!:e N. of lul.md. Dublin is the only uiiivenity in the kintjdoin ; and tiiat con'i'ls of one coj. leee, in w liieh tiure arc aboac 600 ftu- d.iiti. Hie cvnm in pi' .pie wire lo poor, snd it "vs fo h.ird for them to j'et a livelihood, that they trequtntly went iiiri iiliir c nintries to Ceek their fortunis; aid, p.irTicvthily, great numbers went ever to the plintaii'ins in America. Tint P'.rt of the inhabitants, calltd the Wild Irilh, were formerly as lavage as the tiative Americans; and, liku them, livtd in huts niakin^t a fire in the mid- dle of them : bur it is to be hoped, that all the rude and bT-birous rufloms, by wh.ich they hive b ea hlflurti dillin- i^uilhcd from more civiized pc.-^plc, as well a. cvi.rv other tiicc of wretrh'jdnefs mid de;r,k!j'i'"i, ivmI viimlh in time, lince theemmc'p.ron of the country has remov- ed the ' '■'■ nt refl'i^ti'.'is 101 their com.» merri and manu f't'.ires "■"<' Vt them to t!;c ji rl'a s ot u.Juftrv ar i t.itriprifc, on tht I R V ihe f»mp f "itinn at the happicft fuV\rf\% of the Briiilh cmpiri-. Irtltmt cnmain'. )i coun'ici, four Hithhilliopricr, and iS bin)opric; up, and nunv iron works and great heaps of cinders are to be feen here. Irromant.o, a conrulcraliie ilUnd, one of the Hthridcs in the S. Pacihc Ocean. Lon. 169. lo. E. lat. li. 48. S. InHONAM, one of the Hebrides, in the S. raciCic Ocean, near Taiina. Lon. ,70. 16. E. lat. iq. -i'-S.. .. . „, Irtysh, a larii;e river in Ann, in hinc- ria, which running from the S. to N. E. falls into the Oby, near Tob> l(k. The IJ, W. flifire is low pafture -ground ; on the other fide, are a prodigious numhtr of black bears, w.ilvis, and red and gray foxes, befidc the bed gray ('(piurtls in all Siberia. This river abounds with fifli, particularly fturgtons and delicate I'al- moiis. Irvine, or Irwin, a royal borough and feaporc of Scoiland, in Ayrl!,ire, feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, on the frith of Clyde, 15 miles E. of the iflc of Arran, and fio vV. by S. of Edinburgh. Its chief trade is the expor'inj: of coal to Dublin, and other parts of Ireland. Lon. 2. 4i' W. lat. 5^.38. N. * IrviSE. or Irwin, a river ot Scotland, in Avrlhire, which delcending from the mcuntiins on the E. paCes by Derval, NcuinilU, Galfton, and Ricear- ton, and fa. Is into the frith of Cydt', clofe by the town of Irvine. * luWKi-i, a river of Lancafhirc, which rifes ab-ivc Bn'.ton, flows thence to Manchefter, iind falls into the Merley, I S E btlovv Flixton. See Canal, Dukb op BRIDCtWA ri- n'». IsADKi.iA, KotT, a fortrcfi f>f tht Auftn.n Neilierl4iu!s, (Vatcd on the W. (tdf it the rivi.rScheld,r,p|iotin( Antwerp. I, n. 4. »'•. E. lat. -1. n. N. There i« anoiiiir fort of the faine n imc, t^vo inilta S. W. of Sluv», in Dutch Klandcrs. IsADK I.I.A, St. an illmd of the 8. Sri, and the Ur)',e(l of the I(lc» of So- Im on. It wn difcovcred by the Spa- ni.'rds in 1 ;6!). IsADAtMS, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of M^rorco, and province of Ef- cura. The inhabitant* are jr.ocKl-naturecl and civil ro ftnni.',ers, for they will not let them pay any thin^ for their enter- txinnirnr. It is fraicd in a country ab undinu in cattle ; an;row vinel of an exquifitc kind j rivers, and tine gardens. IsciiiA, a to \n f Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, whence one of thi- Sixon piinces takes the title of duke. Tl.erc are iron -mines in the neighbour- hood. Lon, Ii. 10. E. lat. i;i.o N. Isi.NB'. R«, a large town of Germa- ny, c.ipital if a county of the f.ime name, with a liandfonic caC'Ic ; feated on a river, eight miles from Ccilent/. The county bcl()n>.;s to ihe elertor of Treves. Lon. 7. 34. E. lat. no. Til. N. l!,KNi;nKiN', a town of the Auftrian Netherl'.nds, f.ated on the river Man- deira, five miles from Courtray. Lon. 3. 10. K. lat. 50. 46. N, ISBR, .. n?,j»i«3.iK»««i sMaitsa«w*5Si»-'*F>'a««i.9!sMw«.*.' __gg™jsos.»imosasw»a^^8BW«mM»'- I S E Se» Cahal, Di'KE op M« ». Ko«T, » fortrefj nf the Jlierliml^, ("rai,i| „n the W. Iir Schclil, 'ipjirifirt Antwerp. J.. Int. J I. M. N. 'I'htre ii |if ihc riiTif nime, two ttii|c» 1, in Dutch Kl.indcr^. St. an illiuil of the S. I.)r)',eft of" tht Iflc* of So- ■u difcovcrcd by the Spa- a town of Afrir.1, in the Il'r"rr>!, and province of IS- Inhabitant are KoiKl-naturtd 1 ftrinL'.irs for ih' .til I d r.lTa liudirly, the riinainn i.t a tircul.«r dry K R h adtpartinent of Ki nue, which ftr.ne i)UiU!inj<, on ihc hdl of l.dfet, n inilaJet part >>f tlic lite privincc of Dan- the I'lind of Iflay. Thi* hill c phiny, ear oiititiat It ti f. d f, a liver whiih fine ii in ( re ami eiiterv. riict on (lie contin^.s ot S.ivnv, i.l falls I SI r.-AoAM, a town of France, in the tnt k die Klimc, above N'lienci'. (trcmi- department of Seine iin»l Oilc and late ble it ttic epifcopal city 01 tins depart- ment. I isinie of the Illc of Krancc, with ini'liine ciflle, feattd rn the river Orle I<.KS\RT1, or F.lsF.N ARTS, con- I lirti. miles from Ueaumont, and 10 trom lid era. lie town o f f O. rmany, in ^iiiia, r Lon. :. 13, K. lat, 49. 7. N. fill! pii* for its iron mines, JO miles N. W. Im.K uk Be^VKs, an ilUnd of N. fcf Grii«. ti. N. ..on. IS- K, la 47. Aiiieiiei, in the gulf of Mexico, and t:ay IsbKNiA, a town of the kinj^d^m of Napl.s with a bi (hop's fee. It i» leated ar the font of the Appc.u-.incs, it mile* W. of Mohfe, and 46 N. of Naples. L'in. 14. i;. F.. lit. 41. jfi. N. IkiuM, a town i Newinjr '!i Green. Til!; p:;ri!li churcli 11 n hinti'M.ic '.hu^.turc, rchmlt in 1754; and hci'c are liircc [■)lu.';s oi' w.r- fhip, for the liidcp'-ndints, ?.IviliP;li!is, uii4 Unitarians. Ntvir tlic N<;w Ri\»-r a rivulet tiiat falls into tiic No"ucr ■ i.sj'AHAN, a ccicbr.itcJ city of Alii, tinital ot Pcrlia, ieatid in a province <■: Irac-.^euini, and tho-.i^'u, by fovne, to Ln; the- tincU ciiy iu tli- Kalh Jt ll.uuls in the middle (;f" a pi.dn, I'lrroundcd on all fides l)y mountains, at ciujit milos dil'- Hcad, i-i a noted fprin!"; of chalybeate tance, whicii riff, nradualiy in ihc form water, c.llcd Nl:^^• Tiniiridije W'-dls. * Jsi.ii', a town ot Oxfordlliire, nn. ted f-ir tlie birtii and Inotil'm of Kiwiri: of an aaiphitlicatu'. it is filiated «n a fmatl river, called S.indcrut, whicli fiipplics alnioll all tlic li-ufcs with water. the Cllifeflbr. The diapel in wh;ch l.;o it is :o ir.ilcs in circumference, with well- built liouieb and flat roofs, on which they cn'kd the walk, cat, and Te, in the fnmnner-rimc, for the fiikc of tlic c:)ul air. Here arc ,'c^kli •n nfo ceremony was perf')rnied, i*ands a iirrlc N. of the church, and h rtil! Kin?'s Chap.,:!. It was entirely de crated in t>o!nv,-cU's time, and nas i,o' roof i'{ tlutch. Here alfo are fomc re mains of an aneicni palace, (.lid to have been king Ethtlred's. Jflip was given by Edward the Confcflor to VVelimiu- ficr Abl)cy, to wdiich it ftiil be! ngs. I' is i;6 mile: from London, in the road to Alv. rift with. ■■^ IsMAif., a (h'ong tovn of Tut!;.v in Europe, in ISjir.irabii It was nkca bv '"f's ot the air ftorm bv the Ruii..!;n, on the i:d offaows here. T December irqi; and it is faid, lii.it the long lic;;c, and the rapture, d:;! mt coft them lei'- tlian 10,000 men. I'I'.j iii"il Ihockin- part of the tranfadlion is, that the ^arnion (w'-.afe bravtrv merited, and would hare received, from a i;cnvrous foe, the hi'^hcft; honours) were mairacred m cold blood by the mertilcib. Ruilims,- to I 2reat number of mr^gnificcnt palac.'; ; iw that of tile king is two miles and a 'f in circumference. There are i6j 'ofque., iSop.-large caravanfaries, abo'. e a6c pii'ijlic baths, u prodij;ious number ( f coffeeh'VI'es, and very fine llrccts, iu which a!e c:.v.jU, planted on each iuic with trees. I'hc llrects are not paved ; ^Mt ahviiys clean, on account oF the dry- ^W(s of the air ; for it feidom rains or e inhal)i;;;.nts were com- puted at above 1,000,000; but, v/iut wicii iiueliine broils and civil wars, this kin^- dom Irr. been ahnotl t irn to pieces, by whicli the principal towns are greatly de- populated. T'nere are three large fub- urbs : that called Juila is inhabited by Armeni ins ; Haienbath, by Georgians"; and Keiirai)ath by Pagan;. TIuiu;^h it is the amou"*; by their own ace lunt, of at a diitancc from the (>3, it carric:; on a 30,000 men ; and the place was abandor^ed great trade, people of feverai nations there for the' la'; 265 miles N. E. of BulFa- S. of the Cafpian Sea, and . of CoBftanilnoplc. Loii. 52. lat. 3.?.. .'.5.R-. to the furv of the iiiu'.i' foldicry. Ifir.dL is featcd on the N. fiile of the Daieibc, 140 miles S. tiy W. of liender. Lon. ag. 30. E lat. 4:. 11. N. IsN'Y, an imperial town of Gcrnrriy, in S'aa'.iia, and in Algow ; feated rn the liver liny, 14 miles N. E. of Lindiw, and fi2 S. W, of Auglbure. Lon. lo. 3. E. lat. 4..4i- N- IsNi(\ a town of Tuikcy in Alia, in N.it.ilia, with a Gi'te'i .irchb-.ii-.ip s fee. It is the ancie,,r Nice, ta'Tioas for the firi\ ijenerai council held here in 315. There is now .nithii!;; remaining of its waters Ylii;iih'in, Moutfurt, and Goiida ; ancieju fnlendour bat aa a.\ucdu't. Tlie and fa'ls into tlie Maele, a mile and half Jews inhai)it the ;.vrcater part of it ; an.l aiiovt Rotterdam. It is f;ated in a country fertile in crn LssLQ^i'tno, a flwri.'iing fettlcment of and excellent wir.e, 73 miles S. K. of the LJotcU in S. Amrica, rontiguous t) Conltantino'jlc. Lon. 30. 5. E. lat. 4c, tliat of Dcmtrary, and about three leagues H. W. of the tOvH of Surinam. It was Isoi.A, a fcaport of the kingdom of t;iken by the Englilh in 17)5 1, but rcftored Naples, in the Farther Calabria, with a b" ihc tre:lty of peace ia i7-;3. bilhop's iec, 18 miles S. E. of Si. Se- Issuiki:, an ancient town of France, A'grino. Lo.i. 17. 26. K. lat. 39. 2. N. in tlie department of Puy de Dome and Iko.s'a, a t.,.,n of Spain, in '.'atalonia, late province ot Auvergne. Al Vernet, ne.ir refoniiu^ lie. It i, rah, jco 00 S. I E, 'is:;r.T , or YaieL,"^river of th»-Un ed Pro-. ii\ce»r which riles in Wcftpliali.i. runs N. by' DoelLur-;, afterward bv Zutphen, Deventer, and Campen, aod i'oon falls into tiie Zuider-Zee, by two mouths. • I;.sr.L, or Yssi t,, teir Little, an- other river of the United Provinces, whi. ;i »? '''^rjr'ertt,^f.gi»Pfait.iinte<>iai*Wif]miitiiitvi!tiisxit'\tt^^ !,^^s«iTie arwuttc r s s near n monnr.iin, at the fource o: ulct that talh into tlic Noguer;i AHAN, a cclcbr;itcd c''ty r.f Afn. lot Pcrfia, (eat,«.i^ in a pn.vliice <; li'umi, and tlioMu'it, by lomc, to b,; id\ ciiy iu tli'; Kalt. It It.iads in liddlc of a plain. I'lrrnundcd on all hv iViountains, at ciglit nv.ios dil- which i"ite'< nr.idu.illy in tho lorui amphithcatil'. It is fi.iiatcd (.11 ill nvcr, called Sandcrut. whicii es alnioll all the Ivuros with watc-r. 10 ir.iks in circuiiif^;rcncf, with well- iiotiicb and flat roots, on which tlicy cat, and Te, in thd fu:nincr-nmc, \f. lake of the coul air. Here are at number of mpc^nificcnt paLict-; ; li;",t of the king is'vwo miles and a in circumference. There are 160 ■Its, iSo9.4>irge caravanfane-;, above Mibhc baths, a prod:j;ious numb.r < f ■hVjifts, and very fine llrtets, in ;i are ci.nals, planted on each !u!o trees. The llrects are not paved ; hvavs clean, on account of the dry- of the air ; for it feldom rains or s here. Tne inhabitants were com- i at above 1,000,000 ; but, wlint with line broils and civil wars, this kin-- ha-. been ahnotl torn to pieces, by h ihc principal towns are greatly _dc- ilated. There are three large Uib- • that called Juifa is inhabited oy icni.ins; Haienbath, by Georgians; Kei^raoath by Taiwan'. Thuu_;h it is diitancc from the fea, it carries on 'i t trade, people of Ceveral nations rtin-;' there for the la';c f"' "af- It'^is 26^, miles N. E. of BiiUa- 5C0 S. of the Ci'pian Sea, and 3 3. i:. of CoRftanilauple. Lon. 52. jse; , or Y:,iEL,«^nver of th*Uni,. Prov ince»r wltich riles in Weftphah.!- ^ N. by' DoclTjiir;;, afterward >•• phtn, lievtnter, and Campen. and I falls into the Zuider-Zec, by two uhs. ssEL, or Yssn,, thf. LiTTi.E, an- ;r river of thj United I'rovinccs, wni-. h •ers Yhel-icin, Montfurt, and >->'-J"^''' i . faUs into the Maefe, a mile and hilt ,vc Rotterdam. ssiruiBO, a fl)ur'ul.ing fettkment o: Dut^h ill S. Am:ric;., ronciguoas to t of Dcrntrary, and about three leagues of the to-.vH of Surinam. It was ;cn by the Englilh in 17S1, but retlored the iri\v,- of peace in H'ii- IssolRi:,' an ancient town of I'rince, the deoartment of Puy de Done and c provmce of Auvergtie. At \ernet,^ I T A iitar this town, arc found amtthyfts, of S.S beai!tifii! a colour lis thofe of the Ealf, ijutntit fo hart!. Ilfdirc is feated on the river C< u/e, near the Allier, 15 miles S. of C'lerniont, Lon. 7, t;. E. Lt. 45. Is!,cii pfv, aliand; anc town of France, ill the department of Indre and lite pro- '. incc of B.:rrv, with a calUc. Its trade is ill wood, cattle, cloth, hits, and Ifockinps. It is feated on the river Theo'i, partly 01 a plain, and partly on an eminence, 17 miles S. W. of B.mrges, and 135 S. ot Tans. Lon. 2. 6. E. lat. 46. 57. N. " Is-suR-TiLi-r, .1 town of Trance, iji tiie department of Cote d'Or and late province oi JJurgundy. In its vicinity arc quarries of a white flone, which is not atl-ei^lcd bv the frod. It is feated on th; river Ignon, near the Tille, and is it mi.. . N. of Dijon, IsTKiA, a peninfula of Italy, lying on the N. part of the gulf of Venice. It i. bounded by Carniola on the N. and on the E. S. and W. by the fea. The air ii un'vb.nlefQiTie, efpeciHllv near the fea ; Ixit the foil produces plenty of wine, oil, sad pafture : there are alio C]uarries of line marble. One part of it heloni;-; to t'ae Venetians, ami the reft to the li.mfe rf Auftria. Capo d'Klria is the Ca- pital. IiAi.v, one of the fineft conntrie'; of Europe, iyinc; uerwcen 7'' and 19" E. l.'.ii. and -^6" and 47'-' N. lat. On the Wm tii, N. W. andN. E. it is bounded by Krmice, S'.vililrland, tl.e country (jf the Grifoiis, und Germiiiy ; en tlie E. by the gulf of Venice ; aad on the S. and \V. by the Mi-diterraiiean ; its figure bearing I'ome r;'eniblance to that of a boot. Its length, inom Aoufta, at tht foot of' the Alpj, in Savov, to the titmoft verge of Calabri.i, ui the kint.doni of Naples, is about 600 milts ; b'.it its breadth is very unequal, in 1. me plates near 400 miles, in others not ajjve 25 or ■??. It is the 111 ill ctkbraiid ciantiy in Europe, iia. log been forii till I'eat of the l^onian empire, and, afier 1 v..ird, of ti-.at allonidiii-.g uaiverfhl ufurp- Vioii, the fpiritii.d doniiiuon of the pope. •;ily is div'dtd into a r,n'at number of '.■...lis, which differ much in eMent :.ind iiiip'irtance. Between th'; confines of I'u.ncc and Swili'erland. on the W. an'. N. |;iU' the cniitiiiciii,,! domiiu."is or the I-.ing I'" ^urdi;']', namely, Pietliuont, Savov, Montferr.it. part of tb.e Jkl'.lit.ci'e, and Oatglia. 'To the N.' E. are the I turriiories of Vtiiicc, which r.re cn'i- 1 rie-rated under tha". article. Sa,;li of thtlV-, I Kd tbt itiiiitn dtmiaions of the err.per, r, I T A namely, part of the Milancfc, and tlif Mantuan. South of theft, arc Modcnn, JMirandnln, and R.efri,;o, belonging to the duke oi' Modena. V.'eft of thefe are the thichies of Parma, Placcntia, and Guaf- talla, whole Ibveieign is of the houte- of Bourbon. South of f arma, Tcs the repub- ... lie of Genoa, and S. E. of this, th,u of Lucca. Hence extends, along the avU of the Mediterranean, the grand duchv ofTu'taiiv, wliofe fovenign is brother to the prefent emperdr of Germany. Tne Ecdefiaiucal State, or territory of the pope, ]ief ve- ry liii'h monntaitis, and extremely tertile value's, inrerrperfed with woods, and we;' watered by fprings and rivulets. Ir produces fugar, rum, ginger, corn, aiM fruits partly proper 10 the ciimate, and 01 Mn^.t parilv introduced from Spain. ,(kfIdc^ re very there are fo many cattle, that they often kill then, for the f.,ke of the (kins alone. Here arc a great number of uncommow trees, and there is a little gold in the K. p.trt of the ifland. It is commonly Kud, that the air is healthv, and yet, in the remu of queen Klirabelh, the earl of Cumber- land, when he had taken this ifland, lolt d complaif.mr to their wives, than tUe moll polite hulbands even in Eiance. In tncir iemper th. v fecm to be a irood medium bctu ecu the I'rer-b and Spaniards ; neithcT fo gay iind volatile as the one, nor fo crave and loleiun as the oilier. 1. oiled i^nails. ferveci up with oil and pepp.r.r, orfried ,n oil, and the hinder parts of 'fVfies, they reckon dainty diihcs. Kites, jackdaws. moft (yfhis men by fickncfs, and, on th;.t account, was forced to abandon it. It iv lubjea to (forms and hurricanes, like the reft of thefe iflands. The capi- tal is of the fame uaoie. Lon. 67. 4. 'V\'- U. 18. 17. N. Juan nt: Pueuto Rico, St. the cn- pital of the illind of the fame name, with a .'ocd harb.Mir, defended by feveral forts. reckon dainty 'l'*"^"- ^' ^j^; ^'';;; ;^^;b Lop's Ite. his feted on the Norih hawks, and maep.es, ^'r^' 1!°, "^cr., not a , ^_^^^ ^^.^_^ ^.^^ only by the common people, beiierfort. Wine, cooled bv ice .^r luit bv the i'now, is drunk here both in fummer and winter. The women affeft yellow hair, as did formerlv theRon-.m l.= dic6and courtezans : they alfo ufe pau,«< and vvadus, both for their hands and face. The eftablKhed •relr'ion of the curtrv is the K-nnun Ca- tholic Their bniiiiaiie- is a rorrui)tion ot the La-in, and is laid to be Ipukcn in its jvvcateft puritvatT'lorenc-. It is, indeed, liuiominated 7..; L>y uu 'UU.<'!.i. " iTrnK-s-, :i nver ot Hants, which p(^v id the cci.trc of the county, and wa- tennir V\'itichclt.T, enttrs the bav ot fcotlih.n vifon. at the town ot that o'lne. 1 KKHc)*, &u »nc,eni *.i- haou.vme coaft of the ifland, loo mues from bt. Domingo. Lon. 69. 1. W. lat. 1.. 29- N. f Juan Fernandf./, an ih? > ut the Taciiic Ocean, lying in 85° V kn. and 33" S. kit. abo'ut 3C0 miles W_. et Chili. It IS uninhabittd, but having loirc jMod harbours, is fouiul extremelv conveni- ent to touch at. and water. This tfl-iiiJ is f,imoiis for bavin" given rife to the ro- mance of Robinfc-iC Crufoe. Alexar.utr Selkirk, a Scotchman, havir.i? been 1. it en Ihore. in tiiis tblirary place, by bis crp-iin, lived here f me years, till he w. is chi'coveieu bv cnptain Roger;, in i7c'i. When broi!.';ht on board, he bad tcr- tor.cn hi. native lanKtihite, mid couid '' icarce.T B1»!WW.«<*f vt- juntains, and extremely lertile .rfperftd with woods, and wt'' y fprings and rivulets. If ii£!;ar, rum, ginger, corn, aiM :lv proper 10 the climate, atvl •odiiced from Spain. lkfidc\ '.) many cattle, that they often for the r.,kt of the (kins alone. a great number of unconmioM there is h little gold in the N. le idand. It is commonly faid. r is healthv, and vet, in the rei,i.Mi Khfabeih.thc earl of Cuniber- ;n he had taken this ifland, lolk s men by ficknefs, and, on thut vas forced to abandon it. It is o ftorms and hurricanes, like of thefe iflands. The capi- he lame name. Lon. 67- 4- ^^ '■ 7.N. ni; ruF.UTO Rico, St. thecn- he illand of the fame name, with irboiir, defended by feveral forts, jop's Ice. Itis fcated on the North the iflaad, zoo mues from Sr. 3. Lon. 69. 1. W. lat. 1.. \N Fernantiez.. an id,- . hi Ik Ocean. Ivint; in 83° V hai. ^ S. kit. ab'iut 3c? miles W. et It IS uniniiabited, hut having liaro hours, is found cxtremelv conveni- ouch at, and u-ster. This 'fl-md IS tor haviu" given rife to the rn- of Robinfcn" Orulbc. Alexaraa , a Scotchman, havina: bt-cu Lit e. in tills Uilitary place, by hi> , lived here f me years, till he «.-.» i-cd bv captain Roger-, in 1709. brou'-ht on board, he Irad fcr- Lii 'r.attve l.aii,iui;e, uud could fcarcly I V E I'carccly be undcrfiond. He was drclTeJ in goat's (kins, would drink nothing but water, and it was Tome time before he cnuld leliih the fliip's vidtua',.. During his abode in this illand he had killed 500 toats, which he caught by running ihcm down ; and he had marked as many more rn the car, which he let go. Some of thefe were caught, 30 vears after, by commodore Anh-n's people. From tuts remarkable circumftance, Daniel de Foe derived the hints which gave rife to his celebrated produftion. ' Juan de Ulhua, St. an illand of N. America, lying in the gulf of Mexico, near Vera Cruz, in New Spain. It was aifcovcred in 15 18, by Grijelva. Lon. 97. :?. W. lar. 19. 11. N. JucATAN, or Yucatan, alarge pcn- inl'ulaof N. America, in New Spain, op- pofitc the ifland of Cuba. It contains a rcat quantity of timber, proper for the building of fhips, as alio Cugar, cafTia, and Indian corn. The original inh.'.bit- :nt8 are very few, they having formerly lr'ivinte of LimoUii, 13 miles \V. of Limoges. JuLHRS, a fmall duchy of Germany, in \Ve(\phalia, bounded on the N. by Guelderland, on the E. by the arch- bifliopric of Cologne, on the S. by the duchv of Luxemburg and ekflorate of Treves, and on the W. by the duchy cf Limbur::. The principal towns are, Ju- liets, Durcn, and Aix-la-Cliapc!'e. It is fubjeft to th.e Eleftor Palatine, is about 6S miles in length, and 30 in br^jdth, and is remarkable for the great quantity of wood it produces. JuLiEUs, an ancient town in Germa- ny, capital of a duchy of the lame name, with a ftrong citadel. It is ftatcj on the river Rocr, 15 miles E. of .A,i.\- la-Chapt!!e, iS W. of Cologne, and 27 K. by N. of Macllricht. Lon. 6. 40. E. lat. 5T. s'). N. Jui.iMiA, Oi.Djonce the cipital of Ar- mt'iiia, in Afia, now in ruins, the inhabit- ants having ben tranfplaiued to a lub- iirb of llpahan, called New Juipha, where they have fevtral churches. They were bi'.'Ught ihither fur the lake of trade. J lTmiece, a t.Hvn of France, in the department of Lower Seine and la'e pro- vince of Normandy, with a late celebrat- td Lencdiilinc a'.ibcy. It is le,.tcd on the river beiuc, i: miles S. \V. cf Rouen, and Yi 7 7.N.\V ..m^ 1 J U '^ TIC E Lon. o. 55 '% m E lu n fms'l.' f.i-iii!v ih:. came or'g'iially fr-.ni ' ' ' France. Thtfc parts are n.iic'u mUik.! 4- N. . . . ,T„„,,,_a,n xviiJil)c:irsMHl\volvts. The dtlccnt lrnni J.MN-A a large r,vc of 1 1^"" ."«■ ■^; ^,* ^.^.i;, ,,^^-^1 ,,!e, throunli a var kty of ^er, whichnfestotheN. V.oimi ,,,n,v. wood, ami lawn, aftonis a 77 N. V.'. of r:iris. 49. 14- N Prop , hi, waterj that capita.. I ?M the city nbuuc of Agra, and j-ins tl.c G.uijics, 100 nules be-low Btnart... . .- ■ JvNSAl.AM, 3 rc,iii;.rt ot Alvi,^ 111 the kini;dnm of Si-.ni. It is a thL.r.r f-)r ail ilie lliips that arc bound to the coaft of Coroinandcl, wSicn they arc lia"- prifcd bv a ftorm, and is Icatcd to the >. of a hir-c ifland of the lame nanic. L>ju. q3. 30.K. lat. 8. 5C1. N. Tula, one of the Weft em Tde? of Sc'itla-u!, to the N. E. of the iQand .,f Iflav, on the coaft of Arg\lcfliiVt. It is I'o mih's loiv,', and fcvon broad. Soriie parts of the louthfrn and weft^-.n fides are fertile. There are only three moan- tains on the wliole ifland. Thefe arc of a conic forir., of a ftnpendoui h..n;hr, and are called the Paps of Jura. 1 he reft of the illand is fiar, and generally covered with heath. A few wild rues are Hi.i feon here. '* J Til A, a depanment ot Irannc, in- cluding part of^ t!ie late ptovi.-,ce of Franchc Comte. It contains mines ot i.-onofa Ibnerior qaahiv, inines "t c'n'; pcr and lead, and many quarnes ol b.acc marble, of iifpei- cf diti'crent coloia's, and of alabaf.er. It takes its name: t; in Mount lura. . • jL'.iA, Mount, n chain of nioiui- hill, val'lcv, wood, and lawn, affords a_ very cxtenlivc pr..rpeft of great part 0: the P..VS de Vaud, tiic lake of Gcnev,'.. with its mountains, and th; lake c Neucliaiti. 1\ KF.A, an ancient aid ftrong town m Ildy, in Piedmont, and capita! of^Can.i- ve.', with a ftrong fort, a bilhop's fee, an«! an ancient calV.e. It is I'eatcd on the nv.i Dorii, bet'Aeen r-vn hills, jo miles N. rt Turin, and 3: K. by N. of Suia. I-on, 7.48. E, lat. 45. :z. N. . , IvKV, a town of Franre, in tao de- partment of Eare andlate province of No; - nnndv, with a laic Bjnediftine abbev,. [i is leatcd on the river Eure, 10 1111. c> K. by W. of Drcux. Lon. 1. 2S. E. hit. 4«- 54. N. leri-AN-n, a large pcninUila, which makes the principal part of the kinirtloni of Denmark. It is biainded on the S. K. by ihe duchv of lIoKlein, and en th', fith.cr lide;, by the C'.crman Ocjan and tlic Baltic, ft is about iSo miles in lcn;;i.., from N.to S. and 53 in breadth, from F to W. The air is vcrv cold, biit wliolefome. The foil is fertile in com and pafaires, and feeds a peat nuraaei rf horfcs and beeves, winch are lent lo (n-rmanv, Holland, ic. It was ancientlv tains, which b.gins in ^he canton of Z - l:^P:^^,^"".nnuered En-land, h rich in SwifTedand, extends alonj^ tne Rhine into the c -nton of Sulcure and the principaliiV of >icuchatel, branches out toward the P^v^ de Vaud, Icparates that country fronvthe late French provinces ot Franche Comtc and Burgui'd',-, and con- Sr-xons cvr.e, that conquered En;:land. i. divided into two parts, called N. and ^ Intland; the latt^.r being the duchy 01 blcfwick. • Ivv BaiDGK, a vilLage of Dcvon- (liire, remarkable for its rural and_ p.t- ...s beyond ^1- frontiers of the Gene ;^t^^-::;S"!:f Dar^l^" I^S ^'" %.l:V-.s'.i:^V^ d'thi. 1^1 Xm on d.^S.'^ne of the moft fertile and be^ p.irts of he Pa s d , ^ :-'^'' ^„', ^;: ;." , , c^i,i.,:,ted countries in the kingdom ; wh.,.: many elevated vall.s, tmuh vi,..eu ^.>v ^^^J^ ^,^,^,^ Arme, which here crofles thy u D- rt road from London to Plymouth, and wl ici .,fthe Jlira c^lr::!' ^'ot^r Joux:' -Fhis runs with great rapidiiythniu,,!^ the vi. ' neat and well peo- many ■ , tiavellers"; particularly the val,ev Lake of Joiu, upon tlie top o' * valley contains I'evera! pled villages, is beautifully ckLekerc. wirh wood, arable, and paiuirr ; and js watered by two piaureivjue lar.es ; tac largf-ft of which is c.lled ih.e lake ot Joux; the fmaller, lake Brcnet. Thev are divided by a narcAV neck of land. This littre vale is very populous, contain- iinT about 3000 inhabitants ; ignie caipioy- ed' in makin- watches, but the greater pirt in poiiihing cry Hals, granites, and marcantes. It is remarkable, taai anove a thoul'and of the inhabitauis bear the lur- Hame of Rochat, «nd are delcended from lr.e, kavilTg its courfointerr-..ptedby ma- ny h.i.'e mafTcs of granite, wnich lie m a I- .nfaied manner on its bed, force: its wa) fimtiiTg ihcm with gvcit nolle and impe- tuo'itv, and, when fwelled witu neavv i-ii-as' exaibirs a very romantic appearance. A lit'le above liie bridje (from -.vhicli nrobably the village derives its name) is a '..ni^daablc pap.r ttiamifaaory. Ivy Lr.dge is II miles N. E. of Piyinouta, and z^os S.W. of London, 1 -iiLK, or iliUAR, a town of Spam, la Arragon, lUr.d on the river Marim. Lon. o. !9. W. Ut. 41. 12. N. I.XWOltlH II c. •■'^gt W ^ ^* ' * *''*! " ^!^'^'^!*'™^^'^^'^^^^^^ ■ XX E ~ ~ thr, came or'g'iially frur. c parts arc n.uch inftlL.l Wdlvcs. The dtlccnt frmn va'.c, throiij^h a varkty of lood, and liiwii, artunis a ; pn.lpcft of great jrut of ^'■„iul, tlic lake (iF Geneva. .mtaius, and th; kvlit <--. ancient and ftrong town tx" moiit. and capita! nf^Can.i- rung fort, a bilhop's fee, anl ^,le. It is i'eatcd on the riv. i en tvvo hills, jo milus N. i-r ;: K. by N. of Sufa. Loii, 4;.i'-.N. lown of Franre, in the dc- Laru andlatc province of Nov- 1 a late B^nediftinc abbcv,. ^n the river Eure, lo niilc- ,f Drcux. Lon. i. zS. li. J. ), a lari^c pcninfi!la,_ winch rincipal part of the kiniidoiii If is bounded on tlic S. K. Kv of IloUlein, and i-.n th', iiy the C.rman Oc;:aii and tiie is about iSo miles in lcn;;i'.., S. and 50 in breadth, from The ail- i'^ vcrv cold, bi^t The foil \> fertile in cor", s, and feeds a "r.-at nui-abei nd beeves which are fun i" Holland, tvc. It was ancient!;/ nbiica Chcrfonefus, and 1. ) be the country whence l!v- ,e, that conquered t'.n;:land. I" ito two pavts, called N. and ^ the latt^.r being the duchy 01 Bhtdgf:, a vilLigc of Dcv'n- arkable for its rural and p-t- ;en^rv -, having, on the N. the n mountains of Dartmoor, aaJ ;ne of the moft fertile and bell I lie JIH- >Jl i.*iv- It"'.' — - countries in the kingdom ; w! Arn.e, which here croircs London to Plymouth, and wiica great rapidity througli the vi!- ,ng its courfe interrupted by ir,a- inallLS of granite, wiiicli lie m -' Planner on its bed, fcrce'its v-'V lenr with gu it noilc and impe- ind, when UvelLd with heavv ubits a very romantic appearance. above liie bridje (from •.vhich the village derives its name) is a Die pap-r nianufaclory. Ivy s II miles N. !•:. of Plyinouta, S. W. of Lon.''.on. , . , or IIiUAR, a town of Spam.in feited on the river Marlm- !U. W. ut. 41. 12. N. ^ IXWORIH K A L Ix'A'otiTH, a town ill Suffolk, with a market on Fridav. It is 79 '"'''•'^ N- J''- by N. of I.ond.ni. Several R.-man coins liavc been dag up h#re. , „. , . *• JvKPOu:<, a ti*y of llmdonnan Proper, capitalof a territory of the lame raiiie (.itlurwile called Jaypour, Jayna- C'ur, Joinagur, or J vcn;v,:iuO intliceallern mi-arier of' Aiiimere, rmd (iibjtfl to one of the Rajpoot princes. It was built by the celebrated raj ih JeiFing, who alfo crcfVed an cbCervatorv licre, and invitee Ci.uide Kouditr to it, in i734- Wendel rtprefents Jyepour as a p!:;ce of_ great we il;h and c mlequ-^re in n:(),bcir.g the Ibtple of the principal part of the gooes that arc brought from every quarter ot India. It is I'a'i miles W. by S.ot Agra. Lon. ■!(■>. n they arc of a low ftafure, and bow-lcg. according as the feafon is cold or warm, beginning at the bottom and pro- ceed::;" to the top, where they place a krinc,"\vhich they can turn at pleafure againtl the wind, to prevent fmokc. The /In- It nf the ca:t e, an« c:ie eann.- un-m- o^, ...... ■••- -. i , a j n;?s 'Uingonthcfrantypnduceofa kibbct is lurprihn ;ly warm, wuhfta ds J.iv.s : iiMiii, .7 r .11,1,.. „. ,-, .-n, iroi\ birtter than a liollle, barren dcfert. Ikrc tliey remain till tUe fprin ', wlien their font-^r habitation, on the end lide of the liv.r, is uvcrtlowcd, for near a mnnth, to a v.dl extent, by the melting of the fnow, and their countrv anp.ars one continued fca overgrown with trees. As fo.,n as this Aibfidei, thev re- turn with ,i;rcat joy, fwininun;; their load- wir.d and v:!in butter than a lioiilc and is eretled with greater tA\, and in lei's time, than we coiiM fet up an officer's tent. The fmall-pox is as much dreaded anion:; the Kalmucs, as^tlie peftilence among the Europeans. When any of them are Iti/.ed with it, they imme- diately break up their camp and dy, lea\ . *Y" ::• and c^T :" " kx^' wi:;:;; Ing the nX .in., m one' of tlie^r w ot,t tS; 'nme g nanJ-n:ke tfiei;r^fl^'^= kitbets, with^kiHcd Iheep, part ot which the i.ner\^cninb >^^ ^^ ^^^ An, .\i.. i, roalicd and part raw, and a jar of wj- trr, rnd fome wood for fire. If he reco- ver, he follows the horde. This feldnni happens, for he iv '-. commonly dies for want of attendance. Kalnick, a ftrong town of Polan' , in the palatinate of HrackUw. Lon. !<;. ,8. E. (at. 48. 57. N- Kalo, or Kaioo, a town of Upprr Iliuigary, fcaied in a lake, tz miles S. K. ot Tockav. Lon. M. •;4. K. lat. 47. S^- N- ' .Kai-lca, a .government of the Ruifian empire, formerly a province in the ,e;ovc.r.ment of Mofeow. It contains iz diih-iAs, and its principal town, of tli» Vr'^'u'7 arni th^ee'horlVs, wiuch he rid., f^une n:ime, is f^atcd on the river Occh. lie "-t^v Klwhe.wnv^neoflhemfa,!., KAMAUfttA, a famo:,s .a:md of I.- alterru-.t.x ,.uKi _ ,_ ^^ , _....:„.. p.-^n, Hbout thive miles in cucumfereiiLe, taiitft. Wben they go upon any exp.>U ti>n, they hAve no regard either to bridges or boa's :t!icy m lomcr come to_an\Lr, thin ihey plun, c in with their horles, and, fiHluv from their back, hold tall by the inane"ti:l th.v get over, and the niirime. t;..itilv mount al'ain, and procvid. ihey live h'lt foiu- moiiih- at moli in the delerts, aud ir.hai-it a verv vd.afaiit country all th.; K '.\ of lU vtar. Their wav ot lite cv;iftly r-7remblf-s t'tiat oftlie old patri.-.rchs their wh le ocfi'.'3tirn confifting in the c.tre of tiicir f.oeks and herds, ulhing, and hunt- y\J' - -1' .. '-'^ tit.»rMS m'i f'VlSf r I tvtrv on itn th-y go up'Mi an expe-_ii:on, r..kes a ihcep with bit" b'f bis lying on the S. coatf of Niphon. thcv kili'it and divide the iie;;i, putung nifcfs of it urder tlui/ laddie, and after ndir7 fcir.e timeup-n it, they eat it with- out any fartlicr prep.ratien. This, in their eflimation, is the belt way of drefl- in • it. Thcv gcn( rally return !rom their excurlions with only one horfe, h:iving eat rH the re!K Their ki'.ibcis, or tents are ........ ...... ... - • b.rbw.rm lu-d large, having a tire in the Talte and the nver Sanpoo or Iju.u n;^ • ,™d a hole ^t the H^p to ht out poorer. From dte top 0, ^h.s ndge m,/ Lfuoke. They are ^^h.< Ann^.rrr, he feen, .0 the N. a rantre of fl.U hi,^- a.d-'^a'ole of b.iuL- enlarged or contra<^tid mountains covered w.ih Inow. T,.e It i^ here thev conhr.e their great men, v.hci thty h.ave coinmiited any faulr. The coaft of this illand is 10 ifeep, that thcv are f'-rced to be lifted up by cranos. * Ka%T!iala, IMofNT, a ridge ri moun ains in Ttiiiict. between the !:-.l;e ■YAW:- at plL.ilVire : tlicv are round, the fides foot of Mount Kambala is .?i mius b. being m ,de of a kind of checkered wicker- of LafTa ,-. •iiurthe''crors''ftickV'ncatlv ;oi;:ted K-AMTNIFCK, a very T.rorig town o, ■;idt: :i^rher or extending." Vhen ^''^-^-Pj-' j^ ^tt)^- ^IJ^^Ar'-c f v .rert:' Ht^Het. thcV oin as many ot nnd a bilhop ci fee. It was tsKen oy U::;.! t^seriier as will mie a circle, of Turk, in t67z, who rcllored .t, m i^-o. iJ.iS'.vStfeiitSaiJiSS-' K A M n they choofc, and having; li.lc, which ii Tix feet hi|^',h, th tlieir lancts,a round boird, ia'in:ttr, with a hole in the and Imail holes all round tlr; \gc hole fcrvcs for tlicir cliim- all holes receive the ends of lo It rafters ; and the other ends othc fidts, the roof is formed, h ingcni'iu'. and pretty. H:iv- fted the frame oi the kibbet, t over with thick felt, more or linK as the feafon is cold or nning at the bottom and pro- the top, where they place a ,h they can turn at pleafure wind, ro prevent fmokc. The ■urprifin:;ly warm, whhftaiids v::in better than a _ I'.oule, •.I:'^(:A with greater tA\, and me, than we cotild fct up s tent. The fmall-pitx is as ded anioni; the Kalmues, n.s^tlie among the Europeans. When Ti are li-i/.ed with it, they iiimic- ak up their camp and ily, Itav- :k perfim in one of tlieir worit .•ithak'.!lcdlheep. part of which and part raw, and a j:ir of wa- bnie wood for fire. If he recu- )!iows the horde. This i'eldrni for he IV" ''. commonly dies f(;r tendance. rcK, a ftronn; town of Poian' , idtinate i,f BrackUw. Lon. !<■,. .48. '.v-M- , or K A 1.00, a town of Upprr , feait.d in a lake, 22 miles S. K. V. Lon. II. •;4. ^'- lat. 47.s6.N- .UGA, a government of th.' empire, f^rmcriy a province in ■nment of Mul'cow. It contains "ts, and its principal town, of tlii ,ic, is felted on the river Occa. lUruA, a famous .;Vand of ]•■■- w thi'te miles in i-.iicumfcrence, the S. coaft of Niphon. It i< V coniir.e their t;reat men, v.hci ve co'.n'.niited any fault. The this illand is 10 lleep, that they d to he lifted up by cranes. MFAI.A, IMoiNT, a ridge ns in Ttiibct. between the hi-'- d tl'.e river Sanpoo, or Burrani- Trom the top of thif ridge ni ■■' to the N. aran.ijcof ftill hi.^lit:!- ns covered with Inow. Tlie Mount Kambala is 31 miks S. rNIFCK, a very Crong town '', capital of Pcdoiia, with a oO.ie blihop'ci fee. It was taken by the in 1672, who rcftoied it, in i(>>);^ ■ atftr ■i K A M after the treaty of Carlnwirz. Whci the Rulhans forcii)ly fei/.cd part of the Pohlh territoiies in the be;;innui^ of iT'}?. this fnrtrcfs held out a loni; time, but at la!l furrcndered to their arms. The caftio is ft.ited on J ci-ai;;',y rock, S5 mil.:, VV. of Br.icklaw, and 100 S. E. of Ltmburg. Lon. 2S. 30. E. lar. 4'J. 5S. N. KA^.■riCHArKA, a peninl'iila fituatcd on the eaftern coall of Afia, extendir.;; iVom ?i to 61 N. lat. the loii^itu,!- of its extremity to the S. beiii;^ 156. 4i K. The ifthmus, 'joining it to tbe c mtmenr en tlie N. lies between the p'l'/,. cf Olutorih and I'enlhink ; and its extremity to the S. IS Cape Lopatka. The wlw.le peniidul.i is ibmcwhut in the form of a iho: ; and its greatclt breadth is s?''. cr.-ripiued mihs being fron: the inouth of tlic riv^r Tigril to that of the river Kamtfchark-t ; and, toward each extremity, it gradually bc- ci mes narrower. On the N. it is bounded i'V the country of the Koriaci- ; by the North Pacific Ocean to the S. and K. and by the fea of Okotfk to the W. A cliain of high mountains from N. to_ S. extends tne whole length of the penini'Hl-i, anS al- nioft equally divides it ; whence levcral rivers take their rife, and puriiie their courlc into the Pacinc Ocean and thcfea (sf Okotik. Captain King, who vifited tliis place in i-7y, lays, "' We nowhere perceived the fmalleft fpot of ground, tiiat had the apjiearance of a good green turi, or that feeined capable of improvement by cultivation. Stunted trees were thinly fcattered over the whole face of the o^un- trv, whofc bottoms were molTv, with a mixture of low heath; the while reicm- bling Newfoundland in a mo'V llriking degree. This difadvantagc of I'oil, how- ever, is not univerlal ; for we wen- af- furcd, that lome parts produced tolerablv irowl hay. The fevcrity of the climate, it may naturally be fuppcfed, mult be hi proportion to the fterility o*' the foil; Ir in computing the ftalbris here, i'pring fiiould certainly be imitted. Summer may be faid to' extend from the middle r.f June till the middle of Septtmha-. Offober may be conlidercd as an autumn ; from wdiich period 10 the middle of June, it is all dreiry winter. We found grc.-.t ijuanritics of wholef-'mc vegetables in a wild liate, fuch as chervil, g^irlic, onions, r..igei',ra, and wild celery. We alfo nv r wnh (ome excellent turnip'^, and turn'p- radilhes, tipon a few fpois of ground in ilie vallics ; anvl this was the utmoft extent of their gi.rden cultivation. They have a variety cf wild berries, which are ra- tnered =■■ aroper fe^funs, and preferved by Bialhing them into a thick jam. Theie K A ? cnnnitutc a c )nfidcral)lc part of ihc winter provirions, f'.rving as a gcner il faiice to their dried lilh. Kiih is certainlv the , ftaplc arti'.le of f^od among the inhabit- ants of this pemnfula, who Lina.>t poilibly derive any conliderablc part of their i'uik- nancc either from agriculture or rattle. 'I'he inhabit mts of Kamtfchatki nuy be fiid to conlid of three f.^rts, the Kimtl- i!'.adiles, tiie Ruiiians and Colfaeks, and a mixtiu-e pr'.duced by th^-ir intermar- riages. I'l;.; habitatii'us of the natives conli'c of three dirt'ercnt f.'rts, which they call J lurts, hal u;ans, anil loghoules. They inhabit the lirft in the winter, and the fe- cond ill the faminer: in the third, in- triduccd by 'he Rufiians, only the more wcalthv people rcfide. The external ap- ptar.uice .>f a jourt rcfembles a round fi[uat hillock : a hole, ferving for a cliiinney, windov , and door, is left in the centre ; ar.d til.; inhabitants go in and out by the aliKbine.o cf a long pole, having notches de';p enough to aftiird a little fccurity for tilt tie. The upper garment of the K'lhitfchadales relembles a waggoner's fr-ic!:. If for fummer wear, it is made of nankin ; if intended for winter, it is nude ot a fkin, having one fide tanned, and 'he hair prefcrved on the other, whicii is worn innermoft. A dole jacket cf nanl.in, or other cotton ftuiT, i.-> th; next under this ; and benea'h that a fliirt made of thin Perfian filk, of any colour. They wear long breeches, and hoots, made i.'f Ikins, with the hair inncrmofl. Tlwy have aUb a fur cap, with two (lap; that are ufually tied up dole to the head, but 1 are permitted to fall round the ftiouldcrs in bad weather." They are fulijeft to the Rulfians, and their trade coiifills in furs and fkins. * KAN't:.M, a city of Africa, in th; cm- pir; of Uorn'ni, capita! of an extcnfive and fertile province of the fame name, in wliich the inluoitants, wlio are com- p'.fed of MufTulmans and Pagans, breed multitudes of cattle, and raife innumenbltr horfcs for the I'ervicc of the king. It is 150 nii'es N. \V. by N. if liornou. ICantow, a Itrong town of Poland, in 'tv; UktJ.ine, and in the palitinate 'f t', lo'.v. It is nt ir the river Dnieper, '3 miles S. by E. of li.! n'.-, ,uid 100 N.£. „f lir.irl'.Uw. K.\?.'isc/i, a !li..ii!^ r.-iwn r.f I.-.A-cr Hi.ngu-v. capita! ut the cuiKity of Sab- v. ir. it. w^s tiken by the Imperialdts in iCryi, and is feared on the river Drav^r, r,4iriiles S. W. nf Albi Rrgyjif, ri;,cl r.) S. bv [',. Of Vienna. I^on. i ;. 4^. E. lat. 46. J 1- N. K ■'. ;= o jVV A R, a fort of Lower iiungary, Y ^ i^: fISkJ KAY K E I . f . .V,,. «-,fS,p'i fccn. This ifland, which was ihicovcrcd r.cUcd from the nvcr Kapo ,iha ^; fi e fccn. i_^ .. ^^^^ ^.^^ .^ ^^_^_ ^^^^ its walls. It .s 5S n'>lc, U . ot 1 olna. D^^ ^^^ ^_^_^ ^^^_ „. 5,. N. Lon. iS. 13. h. lat. 4f>- y : '^; „ -♦ j. ^ v.-,r.RnnLRc., a town of France, 1 -. ♦ Kaui.ck, an .Uan-l m '.Ij' 1 ";'^" ,hLl,n twcnt cf Upper r.hmc and i.-- abov-.t 7 Icar.uc. froni^ each CkIc, ^^n^ a»;"^^« ^^,^^^^,.^ ^^,,,, ^^ j,,, ,,v. uF Ji.f.l. I-on. 7. 1 I Dill ^"^ '*'•'"- » . . the faip". I. r.ud for that port niuft ca>l or oih- I' is I'.bont li\c miles loni';, .i.id twohna. '■». ;^^ ^^ ritorv of the margrave os Jen X, a. n, who'ha^ here a magniricciu j,^.ace. ; town is built on a regular pi a,, an-l , houfcs arc all as uniform as the ftrccts. it is.imilesN.byE.ofDaaen. ■* Kasan, a large country of the Ki I f,an empire, lying on hmh j.des the river Vol'jsa. It was formerly ani.ule- »;. R. lat. 4^.1'. N. K.AASEr.M.Ai rF.UN, a town of ti'n- manv, in th. t">^ <''*'■''"'"■"<"• '-■'^'""B"''' 10 the Kl.^c\or Palatini; fcatcd on tl.,; river L^uter, :a miles S. W. of \Voim,, and -,« S. by W. of rvkni/. Lun. -. i;i. K. hit. 49- »3- ^• ' KAVSARSTiifi., or KK.i?K:iTorT.. 1 town of bwilTerlarul, in the coiir.ty of ].<- den, with a bri(h;e over tlu; Rhine, an.! a caftU-. It belongs to the bifii'ip ot Lon- Ihmcc, and is cij;ht miles S. E. ot /.ur- rauh. I.rn. S. H-K-1'-47.S.N. l^AYSKRViuiP, or Kkiskwkrt, 1 town of G.vmrr.v, in the c:rcle_(.f U cft- phalia and dvicl.v of Berg ; lubjcft to tl,-.- EUaor Palatine. The tortiUcations arc dcmohflicd. It is feated on the Rhine, river Vol,a, It -- f;~'V J.|^ ; - ^^^ 'mile; N. of Dnfllldorp, m^d » N. ^:^:^: ^"^St!;i^^ut£ ' mI. ^^. ^ c.^... u.. <>. ,,. k. i.. 5.. cow, with the other petty pnnnpalitusot '"^--^.^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ,.i,i,,,(. of Afia, in Bulha, were tributarv. But mn Nam- ../miles from Akpp.-, on the ro.v.l licvitch I. the fT'' t J,h^,A en toTip.lv. Itt^ivc. its name to a lar:.:. , grcatnefs,to.vardthecndof h= t,^^, c f ^nlc,' v ell-cuhu-acd plain, ^vherc they ';.;;;c'^^m,nercd Kafi. which ^.Kkowokx,. a^_v,lla.e^ m^ I^cc.ei.. tury yoke ; ani the fame the fame name coiupicrcd Kara-i, %wih.. - miles S K. of Derby, and ti. S. .ow forms the three Rujan governments ^^^jy^^^^^^^^ \ , fiunted on a ofKafan, Simbiilk,and teiua. beautiful eminence, which commands sn * KasaV, the capital ot t,ie 1m> h.n ^"^'" , ^ ^5^,. ,^^,,,;,, „f government of the fame name, card. 1 -^^ -^i:;: _^^ ^^ ^ ^.^j n„, i, ;, ^ L rivulet Calanlu, where It f.lsn^t Nonu..^^ ^^^^ bridge.' over the Tren., Vohia. It IS 4<4 "-'il^l '•'• ^'y ^: ";,, ,„„,,i Ca-cndidi Rrid^.c, it being built ; called Ca-cndidi Rruij'.c, it being built i.l t'lc duke of Dcvonfhire's cxpcnce. Kkhl, or Kkil, once an impon.wt fortrefr. of Germany, in tlic circle of Saa- and territory of Kempton. ^"-'"'ru bTa It i. fea'ed on the Rhine, oppcfite a,KS confia of Papifts and ProH-^^ms ^ ='^; J,.^,,, ,, ,,bid„ when the latter was i, iVated on the river \\ ^vd-^h 'S '^^-es bt fc^^^^ ^ .^ ^^^,^^_^^,_ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ cow. Lon. 49- 35- li-^' ■'• %^ "i;^ ',,.,•• d KAVIM■..Ktn»terrupted b mad Llli--^ nitd wiih pmc-trecs. T b-U ..l.o ^SundSn other parts of the iaand, which indetd is covered, in a manner, with a bl.;:! girdle of wood. The trees Iv--^ nrc fa? from being or an ex,,. >f.^m,.r/ P^n.th;fothnt.e'ywouUbeofr.o_^^^^^^^ Liee or (hippin,r,e.cepiin;i;a^ materials t fmdl thini. The P'-:=;;"\7/f, ,obe ail of one fp.ces; and neither the Cafvadiau pint, "ov tyP'^f^^' ^^'^^ '" "^ poffeffion of it in i6S^. Being ceded lo the empire, at the peace of Ryiwic th,> emperor cot-.hgn.d it to thcj houle ' t Baden, rcfervin^' to himlclf, however, tHj ri'dit of a '.'irnron. But this garnion .'. :". bfen I'mce withdiv.wn ; and now tlievc arc only the rums (if the ar.cicnt fnniticati,. ard, as a ganifon, a tew invalids belon- in'j to the mani'.iis of Baden. Lon. '. r :". T-:. lit. '-0. 30. N. ' Kki.i.;n-gt<)n, or Cat.i.inotok, ^a bor.uirli in Cornw^.il, with a ^,;,'K^<.\ market. on Wednel'day. It is i ; mile? S. of Lauiice- fton, and 1.7 W. by S. of London. Lon.4.3 5-W.!at. 50.Jo.^. ^^^^^^^^^ 5{pa9[rai*il«®»i*.i*Kfiiiii, K E I - vnd, vhich was diicovcrcd ;, in 17, 1^, tivii-in !""• 'J'- 59- S'-'^- iV-U, a town nf France, v. ■ cf Upper F.Uiiic anrl la'.- Ifarc, tivt iTiiks K. W. i-l 5 N. W. uF nM. Lon. :• ArxF.UN, a towp. uf Ger- tovvcr P,i:uin:uc.bclongir.r; ir P,.'.>!ir.r ; (cat.':d on t'.,- 11 rii;lcs S. W. of Worm-, J W. of Mcnt/. Lull. -. MHT, or KKI?F!IT0'.-L. 1 TerlanJ., in il:e coiir.ty of IJt- irid'^o over tlu; Rhinc,_ .inil .i lens's to tlic bifii'ip of Coii- ci^ht mills S. E. of '/-ur- S.'U. E. hv. 47. S.N. i,ar>, or K.kiskv.i;!<.t, \ ni.-nv, in the circle of Wcft- u !■,>•■ of Berg; lubjcft to tl>.- tiiK-. The fortiutatiDns rac It is fc.-'.tcd on the VJiinf, S.of Duireldorp, ami ii N. ;ne. Lon. (>. 45. E- l^^t. 51. >.•, a hriic villif;c of Afia, in iles from Altpp.-, on the ro.vl ]t 2;ivto its n.nne to a l.irt ■, -cultuT-tiJ plain, ^vhe^■e tile/ niimiur of pigeons. ITU, a village in Lciccfttr- les S. E. of Derby, and i:. S. tingh:iin. It is i".u:attd on a Tiinencc, which commantU 811 irofpcft over the counties o( 1 and Derby. Near it is a ftnnc bridi;c, over the Trent, n'Uni Rridi'.c, ii being built i.i f Dcvoufhire's cxpcnce. or ICkil, once an import av.t Germany, in the circle of Saa- fea;ed on the Rhine, oppcfitc ., to which, when the latter was I city, it bek'n2,cd. It was a;:^i irtifu'd by the French, who touk of it in 16S4. Being ceded to e, at the peace of Ryfwic, th;' co'.-.llgn.d it to thej houle 'f ."erving to hiralelf, however, thj ir;,rriVon. But this gaiiiion l'-". \vithd'.;-.wn ; and now tlievt arc uins of the arcicnt fonlficaticnj, ganifon, a I'e-.v invalids belon-- e marq'.'.is of Baden. Lon. :• . -,o. 30. N. NOTON, or Calt-INOtok, a in Cornw:-.il, with a i^ood marktH. el'day. It is j; miles S. of I^aunce- 3 117 W. bv S. of London. 5, W. !at. 50. jo.N. ' . Kelso, K F. N 1: E N 1 VI sr. a ncat and populous town of the nsmc of tiiat river, and flaw to the S hind in R.xbuitihlh.re, with a ^unid VV. till they liie.i tlie Jrill. Sea it K.irk. K Scot .. . . , I- market for cirn. and a handioni.: b;id^r; ot Jix arches over the Tweed, near if; con- lliienoe with the Tcviot. The ahjty, the ma^niticeiit ruins of whieh ttill remain, U..S founded bv David I. in iiH. The environs of Kcllb aie V' ry line. I'lciii the Cii.ilkiicuih ii a beauiitul view of the forksot ibc rivets, R.)xb-..i.-h Hill. Sprint;- wood Park, and the Fleurt. From Fin • n.ic'.e H.!l is fcui a va'.l extent of c ;untry, hi,;;h!y c./.tivated, waiered by \wg reacl'..i cf the 1 Avted, and well wooded on taeh mar^;in. ?,liich wiuat is rai'ed in this iHiynbouriiood, and tiie r.eecc.. of the (liL.:p are remarkably fine. K.lia is 10 nnlcs S. W. of Ferwick, and l?S N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 1 S. W. lat. ;,. :.'\. N. K.i:m\c, a celebrated fort ot Ana, 17 miles from .Xr.-en^iin, on the Ciintines of Natolia. It is feated oa the river Ea- phratcs. . , Ki;Mri:s-, a town of Germany, m toe cleilorate of C^lo^nc ; fcaicd on the iiver Niers, 30 mil'.s N. VV. of Cologne. L')n. (>. 30. E. lit. ',1. I.). N. !s.i.Mrri.N, a free ininfrial town of Genniny, in the territory of tl.e a; hot of Kempven, who is a prince of the eaipiic. The iiiliabitanis aie Froteltant;;. It is feated on the river I Her, 4^ miles S. by W. of A';giburjj. Lon. 10. 11. E. lat. 47. 49. N. . , . , ^ Kl-MITS-N, a territory in tlie circle r. ■ Sudb;n, in G'.vTi.'aiy. between '.he billiopric of Aii;;tbiirK and tne barony of Walburg It is ah' i:t 4: miles lo: ng and broad, and cudbriijhr. Kii.M>Ai., a lar^c, handftjme town 9 N. N. W. of London. Lun. 2. 51. W. lat. ';4. it.N. •* Kt.NNKUEK, a river of N. America, which riles in the northern part of tii* lias noconfuhrable place but the towns of iliftnft of Mam, in New lingland ; and s,empt :5eria!. Kauitbeuren whieh arc iiir ' ■ KK^r, or Ka.v, a river of Weftnior- i:ind, wiiith llovvs by Ke!idal,_ and empties iifelf into the Candy v-alli of Lancalhirc, called iYrorc-:.ii.oi B.-.y. It has a eataraf,t near its infiuh, which renders ir incapablj of navigation ; lo th.a tlie viilaf>,e of iMil- thorp, i"itftat-'duth of ciie K-cn, is the only port of VVertmoilanJ; and ihir, is capable of re- ceiving v^rv imal! vJi'els only. Henec the line Wclvn-.orland Hates are exported to Liverpwol, London, Hull, ^';c. ■ KhN, a river of Scoiland, which dc- fcendin;; frnm the mountains in the north .of Kirkcudoiightfl-:ire, flow;, in a f.mtheriy direclion to iho town of New Gallowiiy, b-low which it expands int-) a line lake, ajout four miles in length, and one in breadth. The river Dee, which d-lc-nds frMiii the welt, j^.ins the flreani that iifnes (rum this lake. Their united waters take llowinj^ in a fotitherly diredion, falls into the Atlantic Oeean, between the bays of C.ifcoand Feuoblcot. '■' KKK.Nii'r, a river, which rifcs among the chalky Inlis in tue middle ()f Wilr, and ihnvs to Newbury, in Berks, where ;t becomes navi>;able, and beljw wiiich it is a'.i.piiCiited by tix Lr.mborn. It then keeps cilong the routhcrn tdi;c of the ounty, till, turiiinij up to Res'ding, .t iiiinrles with the 1 names. Pope has ce^ lebrated this ri\er, as " the Keiinet Iwifr, for lilvercels rtnown'd'". Ki.NMNG 1 o.v, a ^•iilage of Snvrv, in the pariih of Lambeth. Ilere is a barn, called rhc Long Barn, the remains of a royal palace, which was the refulence, in particular, of Edward the Biaek Pniito. Kennin;!,iou Common is the jiiace of c;;e- cnlion fi;r the c:,anty of Surrv. liKNO'^uE, a fort in Aullnan l''land(rs, between Yprcs and Fumes, hx milts fri.m Dixraudc. KEN KensinotOV, t Tillage of MMillcref, two mili-1 W. of London. Here ij Ken- finrtoti Palace, :i lc:U of the lord <>U;inc(.l- lo. Fincli, afterward earl of Nnrthampron, bHt piirchafed of tint nubleman by kinj; \Villi;ini. The cxtcnfivc g,»rirren- ne's, cxrcnds to ri;c N. E. extremity <^t lie.,, *.»v..v. - - - the county, and thence round to IJiver, cx'iibitinf^' its natuic in the lofty white cii!f.. which hire Knmd the lili.nd, and pr.diire that flrikin.r appeara' cc at lea whch five it the name ot AlbiMU. The S pirt of Kent, tailed thr Weald, is a flar, woftly traa, of a clayey foil; fertile, but unwholefomc on ace Mint of its moilutre. It terminates in the gteat marlh ot Roni- Mjy. It is in this n,..rr, particularly, tint the opulence of the farmc r; has given rile to ihe provtibial appellation of the v ealtby K.mtifh veomen. The midland and weft- tr.i diflrifts arc a happv iTii\ture of hill and vale, arable »nd pallure, equal in picalantncfs, and varictv ..t ,>rodurts, to i-/ part of Eni^lnnd. This coonto -.iro- duces, bel'ulc the ulual objc.'ts rf a!,'riC!il- turc, large quimtiiies ot hops; fni.t of ya- rio IS kill Is, cipeci.'.lly cherries and appies ot \\hich there are larRC orchards t-r the London markets ; madder for dyin:,; tinner in the woodv parts; and birch t viii,s, for brooms, which form nu inc(ai- lite'rahlc ar'icle of comi'ierrc tor the me. tropotis. The country inland from Dover, cunli.li.'"' thiitlv of open du'vns, is CNcel- U-t for'ttie feedin:!; of Iheep ; and many bullocks are fattened to an extraorhr.tiry fix in Romney Marlh. The prmnp.d r crs, befide the Thames, are the INiid- way, Darent, Stour, Crav, and Rothvr. Maidl^onc is the county town. * K.tNjAin-E, MouM, a ndgc of KEN tnnuntains, in the fouthcrn part of Thibet, bnrderin;^ on Hindoortan Proper. On the W. fide of this ridpe are the two heads of the Gani;es, and from its E. fide iflTucs the Sanpooor Burrampuoter. K.KNTMN'(;ui'.N, a town of Germany, in the Drifgaw, whole fortilicaiions wcra demolidied in 1703. It ii feated on the river El/. Lon. :• J7- E. lat. 4S. * Kkntitky, a country m TN. Ame- rica, fitu ited in its central parr, near tb-: latitude of 5S'' N. and «s" W. l.mgirudc. It is bounded on the north by Great Sandy Creek ; hv the Ohio on the N. \V. liy N. Carolina >m the S. and by the Cum- berland mountain on the E. It is upward of i";o miles in len;/,lh, and ico in bnadrh ; and at prel'ent divided into feven counties, Line-In, F.ivettc, Bourbon, IMrrrer, Jet- ferlbn, NellVin.and Maddifon. The prin- cipal river, are the Ohio, Kentucky, Lick IniT Riv r, Red Rivi r, Elkhorn, Dick's River,' Ore; n River, Cumberland River, andGrcat Kenhaway or New Riv( r. Thele are all navb.'able for boats almoU to their fourcc^ wnhout rapids, for the Rrcate'.l part of the vear. This counti v u LCf.e- rallv level, md jlvnindir:; with limeflone, which ul'uallv lies about lix feet deep, ex- cept in hollows, where fireamsrun, where we find tl'C rock in the b-itttmi of tie channel. The iprings and llreams lefu-n in Inn'-, and continue low, hindeiing na- vigation, until November, when the au- tumnal rains ibon prepare the rivers tor boats, and rcplenilh the wb'ile cotiniry with w uer. The foil 15 aina/inijly fertile. The mli'birants diftinguilli its quality by firft. It eon'!, and tb.ird rate lauds ; and icrcelvany i"u:h tb.inp.asa marlh oriv.-amp is to be found. This'co'antry is more tern- perate and licahhv thsn the other fettled parts of America. The winter b.;Tms ab-ut Chriilmas, and ends about the iirlf of March; at fartheft does not oxr-.cd the middle of that month. Sn'>w feldoii; falls deep or lies loni<. The W. winds often brm.T- and Maa-iiloiu The pnn- u-c the Ohio, KLiitucky, , Red Rivi r, F.'ikhorn, Oick'4 River, Cumberlaiul River, hawayorNcw Rive.-. Tlude )le for boats almoil to their mt rapids, for the RrcatC.l :ir. This country is tciie- 1 iilvnindiP:; wiili limiflonc, iic5 nbout "lix feet deep, ex- 1, where fl reams run, where rock in the bittoni of the e iprings and ftreams icflen cuniHUc low, lilndc;ing 11a- ! November, vhen the au- Ibon m-cparc the rivers for ::n!i:nilh the whole country Tiic foil IS amM/iiii;!y fertile, nts diftinguilli its quality by P.nd th.ird rate lauds ; and ich fliingasa marlh or fv.-amp . Thisco'intry is more teni- rihhv thun the other fettl-jd iicric-j. The v/intcr b.irjns Tias, and ends about the (irft at fartlicft does not ixrt.cd f that month. Snow feld.inl • lies lone;. The W. winds lorms, and the F,. winds clear ,t there is no fteady ride of hat rel'pcft, as in the northcvn ; W. wind's arc fonietimcs cold The Ohio running in that id there bcin^ niounMins oil , the wetteriy winds by fwccp- eir top?, m the cold rci^ions rf I over H loni; traft of fri>/.eii a cold in their courfc, and .•er the country ; but the wea- 1 intenlciv tevere as that which , bring with thcni in Penn- rhe coun'rv, in pcntral. nuv LU ab weU-Umlercd, produeu'si ^r^e KEN KEN arc hci^ in pkntv.' Siukei>, luolilh, anil other hook-hlli, are abund.mt. On tlicle watjrs, and tfpcti.J.ly on the Ohio, the j;et If .uid ducks an: aiTi,i/in;,Iy numerous. The 1 iiul fowls arc turkie-. ; a fptcie* of proulc, which the inhabi'-unts call phia- larcc trees of many kinds nnd to be ex- Kentucky, wcirhin;; v^ P'^''^;'\y'';';;- cJ^kd by no country in variety. Thofc The mullet, rock, perch. Kuiuh, and eel. which art peculiar to Kentucky are the fui^ar-trce, which I'.rows 111 all parts in I'.reat pUnty. and turnilhc. every fainilv with plenty of excellent luj^ar j and llie honey -lucuft, which is euriouily furrouiid- td bv lari>e thorny Inikes, bearing broad f,.-- -• - , , , ■■ , n d Ion- tod. in f\rl of peas, haw fwect Un.s ; and -lua.U, to -h.ch hev ^-.v.: je laU, .."ni makes excellent beer. Merc name ot partnd.^es. IKre hk.wilc u the a " Jho the colt-ce-tree, which greatly re parroquet, a bird every way rekmbhttg 1 lem lies the black oak. ^rows Jar.c. and parrot, but mu.h Ima ler ; and the .vory- a Co bear, a pod, in which is indoled c .f- hill woodcock, ol a ^vhi ulh clour, with * feu ; .he papua-tree, which does not i;row whuc plume. It flies crea.nuv^ cxcced- o a rrcat 1i/e. is a loft woo.!, bears a line ini;ly Iharp ; and tt .s a erted, that its hiU fruit, much hke a cucumber in ihape and is pure tvory. a urcutnlla.ice very finijuUr L, and talks fwcet ; the cucumber tree, m the pumy tribe. He re alio s the i-rcat which isfmalland ioft, wi:h remark mL. ocsl. rcietnbh..^ it, kind in other parts, leaves, and bears a fruit much rclcmMin.^ but rcmaikanly dilKrent in us vocilet... that fom which It is naired ; black mi.l- turn, (oiiutimes mak.ni; a I ran- fur- berrv-trces in abundance ; the wih! cher- pnlmK ''""^•. ''^f ■','"='" '" ^''^ "'"'^ '''■ .y.trte, which is of a l.ir 'C f.ze, and lup- treuie dnuKer and difl.cu liv. Serpent, ,.rr plies the inhabitants with hoards for aU not numerous, and are lucha..vetobu found their buildin;^s; the buck-tye, a very loft wood, hearing a remarkable bkwk truit ; and banc othir kinds of trees not common e.llewheie. Here is great plenty of fine cane, on which the cattle feed, and l'imv.- fat. This p! mt, in general, gro in other parts of thi: continent, except the bull, the horned, aud :hc niockafon fnakt«. Anion • the native animals is the InifTilo, much refembling a !ar;;e bull, of a grew fi/e, with alarire h,;ul.tliick, ihort.crookcJ liorns. and brui.ler in his forepart than behind. Upon his fl»ou!i';r is a larj^c lump of llclli, covered wiih a thick holik of Ion.; wool and curly hair, of a dark brown colour. Tliey do not rile from the i:round as our cattle, but fpring up at once upon tlieir feci ; are of a broad make, and clunily appearance, with Ihort legs, but run fall, "ltd turn not afide for any thing wdieu chafed, except a Itanding tree. They weigh fruui hvc to ten hundred wei^-ht, are excel! nt meat, fupplying the inh.ibitHnts in many pans with beef; and their hides make gojd leather. They are innocent harmlel's crejtures. There arc luil to be found irii'.ny deer, elks, at.d b;ars. There arc all\. pinihcrs, wild cats, and wolves. The wa'crs have plenty of heavers, otters, minks, and muik rats ; m r are the ;;nimal; cimuion to other p>oti WMUting, lueh a-; foxes, rabbits lipiirrcs, racoons, ground-hogs, polecats, and opol- fuuis. Moll ot the I'pecics of the uomel- Mcre is alfo found the tiilip-ie^Ting tic quadrupeds have been iiurodnc- .1 fmcc laurel--ree, or magnolia, v, lueh h;,s an ex- thc_ fet.tlemcnt, luch ?s horks, rov s, fliccp, (Uiifue fmell, !md continues to bloil'M' and feed for ftveral nvjntbs together. Ir'.n ut iws troui three to iweUc feet high, of u hard fiib- ftancc, with joints at eight or ten inch'.'s di'.ta-ncc along the flalk, from which pro- recd leivts rdembling th'le of t'.ie willow. There are m:!ny cane brakes lb thick and till, that it is difficult to pais through tutm. Where no cane grows, th re is abundance of wild rye, cUvcr, and b::ll"ilo- graf,, coveiing vali f.af.ls of country ,_aiid atfording excellent food for cattl-j. Tf.c fields are covered with i.bund.aucc of wild herbage not common to otiier countries; as the Shawanefe fallad, v.;!d kttucc, pep- per-grafs, and many more, as \it un- known to the inh.dMianrv, hut which, no doubt, have excellent virtu'.s. lleie are feen the fineft cio" n-iiiiperials in the world, uul the eardinal-iiower, fo"iU(h c> - tilled for its fcarlet colour; nnd all tlx- year, excepting the winter months, t'oe plains and vallies are a.lorncd with vari. ty of flocvers of the moll admirable Leany ore and lead are found in abundance, we do not hear of any filver or ijold oioa ,,, The weftern waters product plenty of hfii and fowl. The filh, common toriieOho, are the butfalo-li'.h. of a large h/.e, and the calti.li. foineiinies exceeding one hoii- (jrtd wc'ghf. Trout have been taken in and hogs, which are prodigioudy multi- plied. I'uffered to run in the woods with- out a keeper, ai.d brought home only when warned. Many caves are found ii» this country ama/.ingly large ; in ibmc ii renr .-84. w*^ comiMiic.l ro .•onrV.u cf the ■.Hcin U.ntta K:ai«. ot A.ncnc... * K' sT.cKV.arivercf N. America, vv3vin •! " ..•ucaion,A.KlN.W. the other Jnlf'Vr.a ta'.ls uuo th' Ohio in .uuudc «,;.';<] "f ^o^' "^''» "' '^■";^'^^- '^"""'' tirnan>r.lc.rmf.4i"'fth. country, .n: the "^..auv bnnk. of this nv.r. ui.-l <.t ^^e;i:'"hc a oid cV: ixhoia, three or S'ftonc r.,cki in fomc nans a Hue vvh tc *^ 11 ,.,.hrr cu'iniif^V :irchocl, inllnnul, rfe^ J nul 1;>.^ bu,l,hn ft. ncs. The c precipU, nre hko the ., c, u a t?levc!,exccptwhcrccrcel.fet.n.a.d '■ °,v„ed witlt line I'.roves ot re.l Ce> ,ir. It near the river above Le.Hmvn. the Inaian Ocean. U is between Ho and ;t mik. .n nrcumfercncc a,„, .n ^e- ,1 „► I vciv I'ood height. I In- rjce rthecoUtr/feeP^.to^befteephill, «nJ cx'cnfiv. valhts. a.ul everv pir to oe l^e/wii^recsanaveraurc^vinjU^c ,,lc..tant cu'.Mvated i!''''''"''" , ^'' n , i";' Sand on nofts, :>nd appear to be well-bui t, td n"vrha..hed: Their fUhmg hoo.. S hnes arc n-. rtly Emnp.:ri ; and the £abit,nt. arc Malays, 'i }^'^^ ';'l'"S. in .ererrd. is t^adc ot a coarle kiiu! .T ca- kofthou-lh f.mt v.'.nrl.ik.ar.dni. rf hm have a kind cf turban round t'u head- and a tev/ have been f.cn nvHi. a ChineCe p. Mn.cd oat. They are a n.id sndappnremlyqu.et pe.pl. i^nd the con. SnJ^theyru'inllrangenpro.cs.^ht the l.'t'.er are nor unv.clcoiiic t;,u.U!.. L>'i. "KrKnu;l^Nn1:Sr, an, ifland iu S^pcriyUben^caUeddieinan. nf D-lolatnn ; but captain Cock \>.... un :;il£;^torohM.Uerguelcno the^ho- „,,,, of its beannj^ h,. nan... Mt.An^ar- L.. who accompanied captain too^. in K F, s thi» vny^Z', hvi, tlMf no p' TC hl'^f r'o .lilV'.vcred, in 'fitlirr htiMilplierr^, a(f ':.,. (o fcantv a Held tor the riiurdift a> ton Civit. S'liit verdure, indied, »pp-i'id, when ar a Tn-.a!! ditlance troi.i the iii-M.. xsliieh n.vht railt the t^^Aiw^y «' meeting svith a little herbage ; but all this lively appearanee wiis orcilHmed bv o'.i': fmall plant, relemblint; fbXitrage. whieh L'lHW upn the hii;. i.i lari'.e Iprta li.ii' Tufts, on a kind of ..run turf, " l.ich, tf dried, miulit (erve f 'f t\al, and w« t le onlv thin«re.;n here that old poinWy H ;,p;iliid to that purpoie. !• ai. o). j7- ''- Kkkmx'm a province "f Perfn, lying on the :;ulf of Perlia. lUre are Jliccp. udiicr, after (;ra/ini^ ['T v^rV I Mav, have their tUcce« tall Ml their baek., and bocme as n.ked as fuck^n;- pigs ; and the inhab.iantH drive a great tiadc in then wool. Keriiian i'i the la-ital. Ki.nMt-.N',a t)un of I'ei iia, capithl of a province of the lame name. It ib .-'J i-nilei IS. of Gombroon. Lon. 57- 55- '- '"'li^'RVEN^'k town of Govt^iany, in the circle of WeftphMa and duchy <>t Jul- crii, i4.TiiUsb. K. cfj.il.cn.. Un. 6. cb. K. lu. 5.-^. o. N. , , , J • ,1 . KiRiev, a county if h'd^^d, in t ,u n-ovince of Munller, bounded on the h. b.,-,hcc.untic:.otLinu:ntkandCork;on the \V. by the Athntic Ocean ; on the ^. by ihc river Shannon, wh, Ji leparate. it r,mThomond;..ndonthebJ.vDelmo>d, xvuha part of the oeer'.n. It f. ^ .n"lei; U., and 45 br^«J- It >:• ^ ■""""'^-':""^ couinrv. but in many pjacei, are f/ corn-lields. It contains 84 P^"'">"' ' f luu;» ti'du members to parliament. Aid- frrtis the capital town. ^ KtaTscn, r.fnv.refs, f.tuated on the E. coaft of the Crimea, and ne»rtae N. entrance of the l^raits ot Caffa. 1 lui fo,nvls,andtli..tofYenikale. arcof the r real eft importance, as they command tae •= (V;,.,, xvhicii forms the comn.unication aveen the f=a of Afeph and the li;ack Sea. Kr.sROAK, a chah, of mountains.^ m AfVa.on thecoaftof Syri..,vvh.chmaKes apn;,ofMountL,banu.. Itisoneof .c molt plcafant cnnuries in the t-al\, as we.l ,,n i-ount of the goodncis of the air as ,he excellence of the corn, truii;, and aH tiie nioellarie!. of life ._, , , , ;_ KKssi I., a town of the Netherlands, m Upper Guelderland, with a hand oma raftle It was ceded to the k.n,^ or "rul- nabYlh.Mreaty.i Utreaa.and,sU.-..ea Ln tl- river Maefe. l>etween Rureniond andVenlo. Lon. 5. 4.. l^- l^^.- V" "^J^- e: K r- s Ivi, tlixr iKi p' re ln-tif r*o jciilier liiiiiirpl'.i.'rc, affnnU III tor iliu rMui' ilin », iliis Itiihirc, imlttil, iipp' iii(|, |tu (lilluncc tVuiii tiic lli'irt, r.til't thi: rxpci^Uti' >i n'. litilc hcrl)»gc ; but all this c « iis OCCil'nilCil bv «)!li-. Jclctiihling foXit'iMjji-, wliitli Iliu M!i • ill I'll j',L' Iprcii liiii' Jul of I. rttn turf, « l.icli, if l(( I M' f)r full, :tml was t!ie h titrj tt;at CM. Ill poiribly In- jiur|H(!'c. I.dii. 6<;, j;. li. .1 province ••■ PciTu, lying : IVrfia. III. 1 1 art: fliicp, ! 1 i/iii,' fpini J.ininry to (.ir llicct* u!l ".ll'thtir backs, , 11 .l-.id .IS fuck^n:-, pigs ; and s ilrive 3 great tiaiic in th«ir ,in i'i the n"it,il. a t nvn of Pti il.i, cnplthi of the r.iuic nnine. It is 12 J Gombruoi). L^n. 57. 55. E. a town of G'-MT.iany, in ilic cfiphn!i,i and ikicliy of Juli- b. i'',. cf J.ilicrs. Lon. 6. o. N. a county tf Ireland, in tlic MunluV, bounded on the 1£. ii'!. (.t Liiii. rick and Cork ; on lie At'.-'utic Ocean ; on the N. Sl.anr.on, wIikIi I'eparafcs it md ; ,ind on the S . iiy Defuiond, r.f the occ;'.n. Jt i'. 57 mili:; broad. It i:. a mountainous It in many places are j'ood It cont.iir.b 84 pariflits, and ntnibcrs to parli luicnt. Aid- pit al town, CM, r. foitrefs, fituated on the tlie Crimia, and ne»r tiie ofihc (trait*, of Caffa. This tint of Ycnikale, arc of tlie ortancc, as tlicy command tile cii forms the tomnuinication fca of Alcph and the lliack Sea. >', a chain of mountains, in : coafl of Svi'i.i, which makes 3unt Libanuj. It is one of the t e.niMtries in the Eart, as well of the j^oodncfs of the air, as .e of tlie corn, fiiiiu, and aH es of life. a town of the Nctherland;., in ■Iderland, with a lundl'ome ,'3s ceded to the kinii; o.' I'rul- eaty uf Utrcilit, and is itited r Made, i)etwten Rureiiioiid Lon. 5. 40. E. iat. ?!. lO. N. ici;i f, a Vilhitje of Gennanv, iti K E S in the cii I of UppT Saxony, three inilct hlow nrefiien, rtnurkabk for ,1 vii'tiiy j;4intfd litre bv the k"t(; of I'ruin.i, over Ihc Savons, Decculbtr 15, I74>. K t'. ri-;v I.N, one of Jic thrit divlfnn* rf l/inc"l!illiirc, contoniiig the wciKrn part fif the county, from the muMIc to the (ouihern cxtrcmiry. It polFeirei variety «if ("nil i but, on tlie wli,)le, thouijh in.er. ini)ied with luy:^ he ill)., it a lertilc coun- try. P.ivt of the fen. uf l.iiicolndiirc are in thii diftrirt ; the air of \\ hicii, however, i» nure falubri )Ui tli :\ t!ut of the diflri^'t of Holland ; and tho foil, inoieover, it more fruiiful. ■ K.I sTdS, a viilatrt ii, K'.nt, SJ mi'cs N, VV. bv N. oi VVc'ierlviin, and 14 S. K. bv S. of (,oiv(j milel m circumfctemc, inclirmg neiu* ipo acres of j',rotiii(l. A pith deicen !j from thfi tamp to the l'[)rin.;.ieal of ih; river Ua- \enlt)o,irn. (>f thii l"i>rin;4 .ill txctlknt told bath w,i» f irmeJ, I'urroundcd bv piles and trees ; but it his b.cn i.ini,' \v jlvfltd. Tliis river Hows hence tlirou;^h Bromlcvt Hayes, Hjckenham, M\d f.ewidiain, and crollitijihe ffr at r.). ,! at D.ptfvv.l bnd.;. , f.ili. inr!) :i!eTiiames below. K.i'iWicx, a t.iwii of Cunibrrl ml, xvirli a mirk'.t on Saturdav ; I'ci.teil in a vale favrounded by liiils, ne ir tlie r.ipid river CIrect.i. It wis knwvn fonneriy for its copper mines, wliieii rtp^lered it a coafi.lcrabii.' place ; but ir n 'w Oiilids onlv ot' one loil:; firtet. It is 15 nide* W. N. of K.t L in. 3 l(). 1 v.- N. N. W. lar. sS. W. of London, 3 5- N. •^ KF.sw'iru, \'\i.F. or, a v mnincain Skid;!aw, one of the ino'l dirtinj-;ui;hed in h'.nj-iand, and the h lunr of ei;;ies ^nd otiicr bir.! of prev. To the S. i-, tlic drearv icijioi of Borrowdalc. The wsterof th.e Derwtr. • water i:. rubici,t to violent agitations, and often without any apparent caule. It has one peculiar chararterifric ; nimcly, that it retains i;s form, viewed from any point, and never ali'unics the appearance cf a river. Sic JJtiitr.o.vi'.M.i:, D_n.\vt.NX- WAibU, aud Skiuuavs. K I A Kf.TTi niNT. a tov n cf Norilumptin fliiir, with a market on Fnd.iy. Jt it picilantlv (cited on an aCccnt, ami a a pretty givvl place, with a feilion h' iii'o lor -hf jiillitek, where tlur f.)mttmiij m :. 11.12 mil'-. N. E. ' • Nortli.inip- ton, and 7 s t," VV. of Londo,.. Lon, o. 5>>. v.. lit. 5i. »o. N. Kl.w, a village of Surry, on the hin'^t of the Thames, .ibout levin milti \V. by S. of Lomlon. It w.is f iMir.r.v a h.inil. t 10 Kiniiilon ; bur, in 1761), .111 ,.'> of par- l.unent wan obi.iineii, foniiini^ Kevv and reterfli.iin iniM „n<; vicar igr. Here la Ktw Hiuf.:, a p.yil pal ice, celebrated i\r I'I line j^irdens, . nd his m:ijerty'i eiot'c j;irden. Tlu; liil has bc.n br.n ;h: t(» t;.-cat perfefli )ii I»v the inirodiii'f'on of inanv iiLvv pi lilts from Africa and New S )utU \\'.iLs; and is kno.sn throu^'.iui: ail I'liiripc, by the late Mr. .Aitin's'il.ir- tas Kewe.ilu. From Kew to Itrentfou! ii .1 handlome iliut bridge of (even arclit* <• er the Thames, built, in i;';a. It is not very large, 'nit is well fortified, and li ', \ flrong cilile. Tiie houf'es ,.ie built of w 10 !. Near it is 4 CjufiJeralilc I'llmi'ii lidiery. it is f,o of V. r)ut,;!i, and 67 N. f.f Lon. 30. *;. E, Ut. 61. ini!es N. F,. i'eiernnn:;li. 3.N. Kr.vv.sriAM, a losv.i f)f S jmerret'iiiiT, with a iiiaik';t on Tiiui-'H.tv'. ^j)k..U .:')m- inonly tilled Sii'l.y KtyiUintn, ^.a'lid i» fei.ted on the river Avf.ii. c iii''?( S. E, of Briltol, and 1 1 ; W. <>( Loud.u. Lon. J. vt. W. lit. ii. .-.4. N. • KiivKKiF, n i-o.i rnincnt of tlie Rul'i u' empire, formerly eompiifurl jn fi,,. government of Ukr.inia-Slovodrn.aia. It* capital, of th(j I'vw mine, is I'e.i-ed on tin," r!v-:r Uda, v.-hich fall, into the Donct/. ' K.irKH-,(;v, or CiiKU.'^ov, ihe capi- tal of the Kuilha ij'.veniaient 01 Cath.i- rliienfiaf. Sfie Clit. HSON. KlANa•^IA^^, a province of Afn, in China, bounded on ihe W. by Hamn and Ilou-Quang, '-n ti.c S. by Tih'>C!,,;iii and K 1. (<:' valKxtenr, and con^ilns 14 cities of the II rd laiik, and yj of tiie .l-coiid and -hird, which ari" veiy populous r-nd of the t,rea!elf note for trade in tiie em,)ue. It is full gf likes, rivers, aijd caiuh ; and thtif liou-v^ang, '-n tr.c j. oy t i,'1'>(_!,,;im and Kiau-fi, on ihe E. by ihe g'lif of Nan- l.inj^, and on the N. by Clwnton'-r, Jt is J iwriwii K 1 E K I L their filks, japanned goods, ink, and pap:;r, tl'is navigation it is proporcd to unite an: in liiyh tliccm. In the city of Chang- hi onlv, there arc 20c,cco weavers of pliiia cotrnns iini.! iiiuflini. K 1 A N (; - S t , ;i pri ivincc of China, bounded on tl'c N. by Ki;ii;p-Na:i, on the S. by '.| H()U-Qu:'H'.', on the W. by Q^iang-Tc Hj,', and on the R. by the inountuiiis of To- ktin. Thi; mountain-; that lie to the S. are ahiioft inactcHiblc ; but there ;:re line valiits amuMi^ thein, v.inch are well ciilti ■ >a"cd. It is watered t)y lakes ani' livcrs, svii'eh 'bound v. ifh fiili ; and tl'.erc arc Mints of i;;iild, fiver, Lad, iron, and tin. Northern Sc" with the Baltic ; and it is to be foriued acmfs the duchy of HuKiein, l>y the canal of Kiel, and tiie river Ky- der, which pifTes by Renddntrg, and falls into the Gennan Ocean at Tonnin- pen. This canal « as beijun in 1777, is alinoft finiftied, and, it i;, lupnofed, will be opened for iiavitntion in 1794 or 1795. Kiel is :?: tuiles N. VV. of Luber, and 4O W. of Mainbu-Lj. Lon. 10. o. E. lat. 54. 20. N. ■■• K ! KM A,. > promontory of SwifTcrland, otitlie weftcrn Ihorc of the lake of '/.u^y ~1 the P The arruek liere h excellent ; and it is Ot this jirouiontory it is reinarkali;c, that noted for its f.ne p'jrcel lin. the grotind be!-.ui:s to the cant )ii of Lucern, Kiuuui;. atown of Sv/.tTcrland, in the fp.nton of Ztirich, with a caltlc. It is featcd )n the nvir Tl.i'^P", 14 uiiles N. K. »'f the town of Ziuii.b. Lon. 8. 46, E. lat. 4T. i?.. N. KlDDLKMINSTKR, tt tOWn of W'T- tcHerfliire, with a market on Thurfday. Ir is ftaTed under a hill, on ihi? ri^tr Srour, anil is the piiiuipal rr.aimfattii' ii.g place in ilic comuy. its forrn;r tn.dt of Jiuil's is ntuch dcrlincd, on account of the general ufe of cotton poods ; but its carpet tile timber to that of Zui;, and the to tht canton rf Schweiiz. '■ Kll liARCliAN', a village of Ren- frewOiirein Scotland, to the N. W. ot the L.ke cnjled Loch W'innucli. It is a luann- faflin-insj place, and Ins ftvral exiuifive b!ca Jung urouridr. It is about five miles S. W. of Renfrew.. ' K i 1. li !■;(;(; / .\., a horotiidi of Ii eiand, in the county of Wtft IVIe'ath, feated on liver Brofua, 44 miles froir. Dublin. Kll.ui'RN, a village of Middlef«'-« fMe;u!y incrcafed ; and two miles N. W. by N .... , . .. - Lon.'on .; fa- rt iiiufaifUue ha t.'tisto.vu i! the fiiit ui.irl.et '.1 Ep^lant! inoiis for a fine well o"^ lineral wafer, fur pile or piiilh carpet-., which, for beauty ' Kd.iiA, Sr. a fm..jl iiland of Scor- of ci'Irur n-.d patterns, exceeo any otlier. land, one of the Hi.:l)ridcs, about iS leagies Tlitfe are frequently railed Wilu-n, from to the W. of North Uift. A gre' t nlim- liaving been firrt made m ih?.t tour.; but ber of the poor people in tltis iiland li'. e at ]irelVnt bv niutli the gte-Uer pin: are chiefly l)v iidiuig and catching wildfowls. m.ide at Kidditmi.idtr. The worfted In the latter employment, tiiey are l()mi;- lliag tiade h^is ali'i been intiodiiced hire, times incredibly adventurous ; being often aiui cirplovs m.'iny lo^mi.-. The floods go let down i>y a rope from the furnmit of cliKJlv to Poitugai, and their e.irriage has high precipitous rocks, where they c!am- btt 1 niuc'ii faciiii.TtJ by the htc- canal ber among the rugged clifis, in feareh of c.)iTin.unicaf!on'i. Kklderminfte a pood freildiool; andis 14 nortf'., and nr, N. W. 52 S. Ti. ..'f IJridge- if LomioR. Lon. KiDWKi.LV, a to.vn of Carmnrthcn- .f.ite, in S Wales-, with a if.i.iket on Tiuilday- Ii is fcated on a creek of the l^nllol Chann.-i, near the month of tlic Towy. I'rotn this tcwn, a canal has t^cn cui to fom-j collieries, wliencc coal is brought dnwn and exported. I: is t ight mil''; S. of C.iri;.irth(n,and 214 W. by l^. oi Lor.dan. Lon. 4. 20. W. lat. 56, 44. N. KiEL, a Urong, ric':^, and confiderable tov.n of G'Tmany, capital of the ducliv of HrU'toii), wiiii a i,i;ll,., ai'd a univcriirv. It ftfuids up 'U a fiv.al' pcninl'uia in a bay of itie J3alt;c, :\:1 ■aM a very conunodiiMS hs'-bour f>i ihi'.i'. of th. Itrfref! li7C'. It is sire '.dv oni," of the moil commfcial plaees ■'iil far- liaviLTl- in IL.ll^eiu ; !,r:d it; XTV.\a will be I her nil jmcntcd, when the i.T ivfs -.h".' per.jDlula is tinilhed. i^y the eggs and nclts of various birds. Bur th'j more litfe and common method of catching thefe fowls is, by fprcading a li'.rgc net over the face of the rock where till y lodge, in which great numbers are at once entangled, and levered down into a boat. St, Kilda is the mod wcftcrlv i.'land of Great Britain. T'hcrc is no land between it and N. America. RlLlJARl', a tonn of Ireland, capital of a county of the fatrc n.inie, witl; a bi- .'liop'ii (i:e. It is 27 miles S. \V. of Di:b- liii. Lon. 6. 37. W. lat. :,?. 0. N. Kir.DAHE, a county of Ireland, in the pro\ince rf I.einfler. Jt is 37 Tiiles in ie-iyth, and 24 in breadth; nnd i.s l.'ounded on tiie E. bv Dublin and Wickl'w; on the \V. by Kir.g's County and Queen'-; County; 011 the N. by E.ift uleaih ; and en the S. by C.itherlough. It i' a rich p' -iitiful coiuitry, cor.tairs too pariilica, and ftnilii 10 members tti parliament. kiLOAUi'.i-^ a town of Ptnibroke- Ihlic, '=«i?is««i •*iB,P;«!a!t?iW«*J5 :-:*5«&CT!S4a£^^ K I L ?.iion it is propofcd to unite tlir Sc" with the Baltic ; and it i' (icd acrcils the duchy of Huliiein, nal of Kitl, and the river I'.y- ch jvifTes by Rendfln'Te;, and the Geim; eland; and conlifls of two pans, the Irilh and Engi'fh Town, the Uft of which is the principcL and the cathedra 3f \V: Lcn It once ;iad a bilhop, is yet ftanding. It is iteiford, and c,/^ W. 55- W. l:.t. intl... eiigth, led on iiilH «8K'tS^5''"*^P?' *'*'''**'®'''^''^'"*** rokc- I wile z', miles N of Dublm 36. M. Kiv.MENNV, a cjuntyof Ireland province of LeinlUr, 40 miles in and 20 in breadth. It is boun the E. by Catherloiigh and Wexlord, on the W. bv Tipperary, on the N. iiy Quccu's County, and on thcS.by Wattr- foid. It is one of the bell counties in he- land, contains 96 parillies, and fends if> members to parliimtnt. Fvll.LAt.A, a feaport of Ireland, in the Cfiuntv of M.v.o, with a biihop'i fee. It is i.' of CaUlebar. Lon. 9. 11. \V. lai, C4. 15. N. Kii rAi cu:, a city of Ire^and, in the cnunty of Clare, wiiii a billiop'it fee, (ea- led on the river Shannon, cner v.h:ch is a hndge of 19 arches ■, and here is a ron- fider'ablj f.dmon and cel tiilicry. It '-s 10 mil.-s N. VV. of Limerick. ■'■ Kii.T.AKNKY, atjv.-nof Ireland, in the countv i.if Kenv, on the lide of the l-.ke of the lam-: r/amc. \\'ithin half a m;le of thi^ \-.\kc ar- the ruins of the catliedrEl of ArlK.doe, an ane-e".i bilF.oprio \:iiiied to Ardlert. It is 14; mile; S. W, of Dub- lin. '* Kni«.'itNKY, a beautiful lake of Irr'land. in tl;c county of Kerry, o;hcr- wile cull'.d Lough Lean, from jib being The Mcvv of this Iheet of water is u.ico.a- monlv line, appe.uing as if it wer:j de- fcend:ng from an arch of wood, which overhangs it above 70 fett iu height from the point of view. Coafiing along this Ihore affords an almoft endlels entertain- ment, every change of iiofition prcicntiiig a li'.'.v fccne ; the rocks iiollowed ami worn into a variety of forms bv the waves, and the trees and niiubs burlung from the porcj of the faplefs ilone, forced to alTume the iiioft untjXith fjiaocs, to adapt thcm- lelvcs to their fantaliie fituaticns. The iflandi are not fo numerous in this as in tile upper l;d;e ; but there is one of un- cor.iinon beauty; namely, Innisfallen, nearly oppofitc O'Suiiivjin's Cafcade. It cuntulas 18 Iriih acres. Thi. coaft is foriiitd into a varietv of bays and promon- tories, Ikirtcd and crovvr.ed with arbutus, h'lly, and other Ihrubs and trees. The interior parts are divcrhfied with hills and diL.i, and gemle declivities, on which every tree and llirubappf.ars to advantage. I'hc Icil is rich even to t.\uberance ; and trees of the largell (\7e int line acrof; tl'.e valiF, forming natural arches, with ivy inivuning in the brand. ci, and lu.iigiiig in feO.oons of foliage. The promontory of rNliirrufs, wf.ich divides the ufn>er 'Voin the Kjwer lake, is a pcrfeil kind i f each.-i.ntment ; and a road is carried through the centre of this proinontoiy, wiiich unfolds ad the interior beauties of the place. Among the dillant monntairs, Turk appears an flbj;.ct of mnj • nificence; and Mangerton's more lofty, though lefi interefting fummit, foars above the wli^lc. The ,ie nall'a^e to the upper ^, '. K I L • Ihirh cnlincs it r,n one Ik'.c, and th. .'1 - pr^.du.C m.m.u.a>ns on tbc other. lUr. K I L that ci.\Hvaticl voc! , called The En-l./s ,^?,. h^- tin- lli-lihndors, commnndtd ',;v vii'counl Dundee, who was killed in tl..- n.om.:nt of vi<-"lory. Hen- alio, a body c H.-irmns, in 1-4^ made a iuli pau(e, i- Vert which pr.,duies w.nidcrful echoe:.. Al;e^h hor^liounded here, ra,les aeon - ^.n-u'v.norio.coinaruments;andtle ' f n Cn .'" r;nn'-in '^ anl'-ercd 07 ti u£, -Inch leem. to travel the fur- . this lake arc mt.P.eroa., and arto.d .m ral varictv. The (lucres, ho;.vcvcr, r:ie, lace., indeniul with i.cauutal (iedbvdaik -proves of tr^ os, toni 111! f.S C.-Jtll! in many pi' bays, furrav.nd ., vvl.rn vl wed from the water. ^KX- -und:;.; i^ f"-cd by the orwi;;chdfe acaie.de, vt(>bu:t;,r>:o yards. This fall of water n lt,pp/.'.d i^> Tmt lake near the iuniimt of tl.e ,' t, railed the Devil's Punch Bowl ; wh'.ch, on account of ns ini— ''- Sth and the continual ovcrllow of w..tct , JSfideved a. one of '^'y^-^f ri:!:: fuies in K>llarney. , «"7 ^ i- ,;,*" 3 SSt!S:::^x:s;tru:n:d^ca! ^'^t;:^^t^n;w,,ofI,-c,and,Htho countyofMon.,!>anughttne,.^.-;^ ^'r^^l\J:"v;;^•:^!-d:pa.s,,f Pcrtiirc in Seod.ud, nea,^ the jundwn of the Tume with the Oarrs. it i» '■ - i den rTnce into the Hit^h and.. r.th... grana tiu , , , , ,v,^, oftv n'.oir;t:-.M'i parts, and is tornuU j_^>^ __ _ ^^.j^.^,^ _.^j,^^^ f;ifin^"to inarch farther: for it J-ppMi-ed i„ them as the lie /•&•■ "/'''•'^ t-f kabitabic count rv. , , r t 1 I ■^ !•■ II iii.F. X';!!, ahorout^h of Ireland, in tU« amntv of Down, feattd o,i ati ann rf the lakc'cf Strangford. It in! erf: Ipuch in the calamitous war o\ 164' = h ir it is now a thrivin;^ place, witli a linen and thread nianufatlurv. At the up- per end of the K-cat ftreet is j wftlt .or- iv.eilv the feat otthcfan.ily of Hamil on. no^y' earls of Clanbrallil ; and at the b'.t- oF this Ihect IS a little bnjr, wherf: „.,,„ may be (lieliered from all wiiuh.. The celebrated fir Hans Sloane was born in th-K^ town, which is So iml.s N. by iL. of U'.iblin. r 1 1 1 • , Kit.i.iXAri.r,, a town of l^'aiW; '" the county of Tippefary, .4 miUs N. ot Clonniell. Lou. 7- ^^'- ^^ • ''^'' 5-' -> - K "F'IION'Y, a town of Ireland, in the countv of SUg ', 6 miles S. of Sli^o. Lou. 8 i-.'.W. lat. u- >!• 'N- ' Kin-o-ont, orTorT St. Axvr, , fcapcrt of Ireland, in the coiinty . t Dowii, af-rccabb; fituatcd on the N. cf S,. lol n's i'oint. 'Some deii,ree of caution • nccclTarv in failing into the harootP- . ■ ■ ' It til" " r;n U nt; over the Garry, which il rockv through >■• " «--ii . ,,_,,,;, , chant^l, overbuufs with tree., ton,,..., l>ene of horriblo t;ra'-J - century, this was a pals and danger : a path n>"'iJ"'is oree'.pice ,, ^;ilea^f.iacpofthet..vc.^ wlVn:, a hne road, fontiedbN li.e loiaiei , ?': ■ ' .overnrn.nt, and cn.puragc t.'LdjlMonalfixpenccadav,s;|vesane.V 4»:s to the rrntoro ll:j.blands at.d uv,; fide, are joined by . Une arch. t-... . ;;;r "l^aiti:!.)^ -. dueled, . for a rock Ttands in the m.od.e o the a - tr.ncc, covered at half-fl.od fc.ither to the F. or W. of tills rock i» a fecure paff-icc, the iniet Ivh^rr S. by K. aiid W. by \\ . Here is a' profitable raanu'ad nre ol u.lt. 1: ;, 76 ir.tles }s'. by K- '-f D'.K.h.n. _ Km vri-Gs. a borough of Irciand, in the^county ot Tcnepl, with a fpan.tr. harb)ur on the N. fide of Done.:a, Ba- 5,is,^m,lesN.W,ofB^bylbaTOand I i 3 N. W . of Dubhn. Lor.. S. 0. W. b-.t. 154. .to. M. ft,. Viim^c'-'Thomas, a town of Ji- l.nd,intheocutuyo- '^ • l;.t. V I'V- ^- - r.. ',-,' ,.,„•. In the 'alt ,,f niuchdiffi-.u'ity h aii'ins "'■'*^'' •' '''■' ■"t<'rearcned deflruai.n At iery ed bv e.>y t'.te fitoated about h.^lf a iiiile oni Dublin It hava fiiiiion-hotifcand ahandloii|e Ka'p' i ;;dbercthecp,-terfclTior. aveh.4df^r the county of 'Dublin, and t:.e^n,^Ui.o thc;hivef...-tbaiconutye!eaed. It .a. toetitnesibolc.v_ot;v.vernmont btfo. thcCtCle it Dl■.bhn.^vi^s aprnopiiatc.. t, thrft nurpofe. . r t,- .Un,> K T.MAJ.L<:.CK, a borou.j,aot Iiebno, i„ .ae cottn.y of LitTierick. tS ntdcs.. of Limerick. Lcn. 8. 3+- ^^ • '^'- -■ '■^^^iLMARi^ocK.a p^p^bu5 town of 5 A-.v- ';if^^^^35^tr2,-*::^s>assE^^'^ ■ .stmrnf^m^^^^^'"^^^^*'^*^' K I L lli-hlnnclcrs, cortimni-idtd br dec, who w.ii; killed in ihc C'Inry. Htrt- hTo, a huly ( t -.(.c,, m.ule a fuli pauCe, rL- rch farther; for k appcarc.l K lie ('III: ultra cf habitable F. \(;n, ;i b'>r'a;;;h of Irekinu, of Down, feattd on. an arm of Strangforcl. It iullcrcl e cahuiiitims war of 1641 ; iw a thrivin;; place, with a uadimnufatlury. At the up - ii; ■c.xcM ftrL'Ct is J ciftk, for- at oMhe fan.ily (i Haniiltoii, ■ ClanbralVil; and at the h'.t- Ihi:f-t is a little bay, wbnc be (litliiTcd from ail wiiuls. ..ted fir Hans Sloaiic was born , wKicli is So milvs N. by E. wi.r, a town of Ireland, in of Tirr^r;'.rv, 14 tniUs N. ot Lon. 7. 16. W. U. y- Y a town of Ireland, in the iUg-.., 6iT.ilei S. of Sli^jo. Lcn. .nu Kh II. N. o-'Tni, orToKT St. An-nt:, of Ireland, in the coiuuy_ i.t ■etabb.' fituatcd on the N. cf Sr. lir.t. 'Some cle-ree of f-^ution V in failir.t; i«to the harootn K I N Tta^ds in the muidte of the tni- .•crcdathalf-fl-od. Either to the of tliis rock is a fecure p-tU.-u:c, Ivin" S. by K. '""J ^- '-^y ^^ • I'nn.fnaijle raanu'^aanre ot ialt. .-lesJC.bvli.'^fD'.Uin., . TFGs. aixn-ouijh of Irtiand, \n ty ot r;)iKp!, with a fp^n:)iis ,1 the N. fide of Donejiai B.i". niles K. W. of BMiyllumnon, and V. of Dublin. Lon. 8. O.W.Lit. f T - •u'-Thomas, 1 town ot Ji.- hcoouniytfWare.f^rd, .i>wi s f Vvattrfoi-d. Lot). 7- >o- ^' • 1 . N Jm,\.;>.um, a tov.n of Ireb-d, ..hr.at h.ilf a r.iile .'rom Diibhn. IciUon- botifc nnd a hwdlonu: K;icl ; ■ the quarter feiTior^^ are hclu t^r niy of Dublin, and t^ie kni^tits ot c for that county eltcieU. It w.i-- cs tltc ic« of .^.vernmcnt, betor'. ',!e it Dublin wi^s appropnatc;. t.) \t\j.LncK, a bcrotiyhof Ireland, coui-v of Li'Tierick. iS nnk. ■■■ ^cnc\C L=u. 8. 3+- ^V. .ut. s'. iLMARKOCK.a prp'.lotis town r,[ Avrfhi'e in Scotland, noted for a great manuf^fturc of i^loves, rarpets, rtockin-s, nightcaps, bonnets, and other w)rc Park, the n-We feat ot the earl of Mount Cafhel. Kilworth is loi milfb S. W. of Dublin. . ^^ . , KiMBOLTOS, a town in Huntingdon- ihirc, with a market on Friday, ihi cattle has been much improved, or rather new-built, in an ele^.ant ftyi'-. Queen Catharine, after her divorce from Henry Via. refidod fome time in tins cattle. U is64mi!esN. of London. KiMi a town of Sweden, capital ot the province of the lame name, in Ealf Both- L, at the mouth ot the river Kum, which here fall- uuo the gulf of Both- nia, lomilesS. E. ofTornea. i KiNBUH^, a fortrefsof ttje Ruffian empire, fnuated at the mouth of the Dmeper, oop fite Oczakow Li their laft war w.th Ruliia, the Turks made fe- veral attacks upon it hmh by and and lea, but were finally rcpuded ; and their admi- ral was rewarded for his unlucceliful bra- very, bv the bovvftring. * KiscARinsr. o-nmei., a village of Scotland, in A.erd.enlhire Hated on the river Dee, 23 indesW.otA.Knken KiNCARUiNi.sn.RK, or ^^'^'^'^^J' a county of Scotland, b.u.idcd on the N. bv Aberdeenlhire ; on the L. t^y tlu Gei- ,Loccan;and,nthe8.W.b.Angus- IMre. Its len^lhu!(.ngthe call is Icaicely ,0 miles; its "t^reatelt bre-adti, at,out zo. The only boroutih in it is Inverbervie. KiNETON, a lowr, in Warwtcklhirr , ^vith a market on TueWay. King J.,.h. kept his court in a ealllc here. It is So milesN.W. of London. I King GeorgkW Sound, the name given by captaui Cook, '" '773, ''> -he ' harbour whicll he dilcovcred en the W. icoail of N. America, at the mruU. ot a great liver, ia lon. u6. 4^^. ^^ • *'-'<^ ^"• 'KIN 40. ^j. N. But the natives call it N ) >tka ; the name n vv gciierally ad .prcd by the Knt'liHi. The woods here are c.'.mpi)led of the Canidian pine, whiu- cy- prel-, ;ind two or three oilier forts of pine i and, in general, th^y gr.iw with griat \\':' ur, and are of a iar^e (ize. About rlie ricks and borders of the ■ oods, were Teen Tome ftrawberry plants, and ra'pberry, currant, and gooleherry huthes, all in a flouiilhing ftate. The princi- pal anin.ah fetn'htro were racoons, martens, and fqulrrels. Birds arc far from being numerous, and thofe that are to be teen arc remarkably fhv, owing, p.rh'ps t:i their bei;-.g continually ha- ralfed by the natives, either to eat them, or to become poffelTed of their feather* to be worn as ornaments. The que- _ brant duietTos, fliags, and I'uHs, were lee^ - off the coaH ; and the lat\ two were alio fretjucnt in the Sound. Though the variety of fifli is not ve:y great here, yet they are in greater quantities than birds. The principal forts are the common her- rings a f.lver-colou' ed brcr.ni, and another of a brown colour. The tlature of the na- tives is, in general, below the common ftandard; but tiuir perlbns are not pro- portionably (lender, being ul'uahv pretty plump, though not mul'cular. The wo- men are, in general, cf the lame fi/.e and form as the men ; nor is it ea'y 'o ditlin- guitli them, as they p-.tlci", no naiural fe- minine graces. There was not a fingle one to be found, even among tho'e who were in their prime, who had the lead pretenfions to beauty or coinelir-Cs. Their bodies arc a! v?ys cove, ed uith red paint, but their faces are ornamented with a va- riety of col lurs, a bUck, a bright red or a white colour; the latf of wh.ch gives them a ghadly and horrible appearance. They appear t'o be docile, cuurttous, and good n a r! but thev are quick in re- tVnting miurics; and, like m')it other paf- fionate people, asqiinklv farg.tting them. A rattle and a fmall whiftle are the onl/ inftruments of niufi: that were feen among them. Their houfes confitt of very long hroid Blanks, refting UP' mi the edges of each other, tied, in iilfTrtnt parrs, with, withes of nine-bark. The fumitare of tiieir houfes confi'.ts principally of cliC'As •Mid b)"cs of vari us fi7es, pded upon each. otlur, at thf lid;s rd Edward; but it ccafed tj minirtry, on receiving intelligence of this be a ....i->;!>;:!, in confequcnce of a petition tranlaftioii, immediately ordered a power- from ilie : iporation praying to be releJl- ful armaiiieni to give wci ;ht to their de- ed fro:.; the burden. The corporation u mand of reparation. The atV.iir, at lalf, governed by a liigh fteward, two bailiffs was amicably terminated l>y a convention, a recorder, townclerk, I'kc. The Lent al- in 171)0. fizes are cnnftantly held here. The pi- KiNGHOR N, a town of Scotluid. on the rifh of Kiiigdou once included the vill'-ii; ■ •fcacoaRof Fife, 19 milts N. of Ivlinburt'li. of Rirhmoiid, Mnulfcy, Thames Dittoii K I.S'GSBRJDGF.. a X'jwn t.f Devon- (hire, with a market On S.inird-.y. It is feated at the he, id of a fm.i!l inlet of itic Englilh ClianntI, is governed bv a por- trecvfj, ci.nlifts of about i -o houfea, and is »ib r.iiles W. by S. of London. Lou. 3. 5i. W. lat. io. I*. N. '■ KtNGsnx.'w Y, a village of Hcrt>, to the N. of St. All)-ti)'s, once famous for r> pal.ice of the Saxon kings. Ki- CLKAK, a town of Ham pfliire. with a market on Tuefday, It was tiie rofidence of (ome of our S:r;on kings, and '•-■ nine miies N. by E, of . ■ igflciCe, and •6 W. of London. Pctcrfhani, and Kew ; but, in 1769, an aft of p'lrh.'imt.nt was obtained, to form the whole parifh into two vicarages aid twi perpetual curacies. Queen EiifahC'* foii'ided here a free grammar fchool ; and Mr. Cleave, alderman of London, M''-' fome neat almhoiifes for twelve poor pti- p!e. Tiie wooden bridge here, ovcrihe Thames, is the molV ancient on th.u river, except L'jndon llrldge ; and the corpora- tion have a revenue for its fupport. It i' II miles S. W. of London. Lcn. 0, u. VV. lat. SI. 17. N. Kingston, or Pun ipstown, ato^v^i of Ireland, in thu province of Leinrtcr, mm^Mf:-:': i5Ti!P3Ri5Parar^;«>3scaViJS^*JSKiB«K w K. 1 N VVTY, a counry of Jrnhn], ce of Ltinfter, j^ miles in in brciKlrh. It is bounded Wtft-Meath ; on tlit E. 1 y the S. by Qj^een'^-Countv |rv ; and on tbu W. by ;he It is not lo rich as O/me counties, nir is ir fo well iti- hj capital is Phiiipftowa It contains t; 6 par. lits, a.id Inbers to parlinnient. |s Langley. a village of five milts W. of St. Albaiii. IS np.mf. from a roynl pal.ice ry [ tl. the ruins ct which lire :n. Richard II. was buried in though afternaril rtinoviJ I'cr by Ilenry V. or P.ARL Fsi.Avn, Ivinp ia '.iMHina, and fiibjeft to Spain, for a pearl lilhtry. □ N UPON Hui.L. Sttllii.t. OM UPON Thamks, a [?rf^. town of Surry, with a tnarkc ,'. A great national connc! tre in the vfir 3? 8, at whkn : tirft king of all England, an ! icKvolf, were prefcnt ; and, ; i of this event, the town is called /htn, fnmo/'i! illii Iocs.'" The l.-s, nvjrovcr, mention f'evt.'. • 3n monarchs who w;;i, in confequcnce of a petition : rporation praying to be rele^l- le burden. The ctjrporation u by a high fteward, two baihft's , towncltrk, I'tc. The Lent al- :onflantly held here. The pi- iigdon once included the vill-.i!.', ■ Olid, IMnulfcy, Thames Ditt.ii, 1, and Kew ; but, in 1769, an r!i.-imi:nt was obtained, vo forn; • parifli into two vicaragiS ami Miial curacies. Queen Elifafica lere a free grammar fchool ; anJ ive, alderman of London, ju:!' almiiovtfes for twelve poor pio- e wooden bridge here, ovcrilie is the mo(b ancient on th.it river, mJon lirldge ; and the corp'iri- a revenue for its fupport. It 1; S. W. of London. Lcn. 0. u. I. 27. N. TON, or Pun tPSTOWN, ato^vn d, in th« province of Leinfter, SllJ K I O ni;,; c^pifal or Kirg's-County, i ; miles W. W. of fLiiJare. Lon. 7- "io W. lat. 53. «5-N. . . Kingston, a town of Jamaica, in the W. Indies, feated on the N. fide of the bay of Port-Royal. It was built after ihe great cartl.qmkc in 1692, and is now a large town, about a mile in length and half a mile in breadth. It is hid out into little fquareS; id crofs-ftretts, and his one church, 'lite Jews have two fynag-'gucs here, and the Quakers a mcctiiig-iioufc. It is a place of good trade, and is much re- fcrted to by merchants and I'cimen, be- caufe moft of the (hips conic U) load and unload their cargoes liere. Lon. 76. ,;i. W.lat. 17. ';o. N. Kingston, or Kynf.tov, a large tmvn in Hcrefordlhire, with a good trade in narro.v cloth. It has a market on Wtdncl'dav, and is i ■; miles N. W. of Herefoid, and 140 VV. N, VV. of London. Lon. z. 50. W. lat. 52. ir.. N. Kinross, a borough of Sco'land, in KinrofsTtiirc, ftattd on a plain Ikreened Oil the N. iiy the Ochil Hills, and not f;.r VV. of Loch I.e. -en. The nuinu- i'Clurcs of this town are linen and l.)nie aitlerv ware. The houfe of Kinrofs, an elegant ancient ftrurture, Ifands c? the N. lule of the town. It is :o miles N, of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. zi.W. lat. 56. 15. N. *KiNROsssHiRE,acounty of Scotland, furrovindcd by the (hires of Perth and Mte. ft is about 30 miles in circuit, i:s length and breadth being nearly equal. It boalis of the beautiful lake of Loch Le- ven, and fends one member to parliament, alternately with the county of Clackman- nan. Kins ALE, a feaport and borough of Ireland, in the county of Cork. Ii is a very populous trading place, and has an excellent harbour, 14. miles S. of Cork. Lon. H. 16. W. Lit. ;i. 4.1. N. •" KiNTAiL, a penintula ofHofsiLire, ill Scotland, between Loch Garron and Loch Duich. It forms the S. W. cor- ner of tht- county. Ki NT ORE, a borough of Scotland, in the county of Aberdeen, feated on the river Don. Lon. 2. 5. W. lat. e;?. 3^^; N- KioF, or Kiow, a confiderable town of Poland, in a palatinate of the fame name, with an archbi(hop's fee, and a caftlc. It is the capital of the Ruffian gcwernment of Kiof, and carries on a conliderable trade. The Papifts have four churches here. It is divided iniJ the Old and the New Tov/n, a.id feated rn the \V. fide cf the river Dnieper, iSo miles 3S'. E. of Kami. JC I R niccJc, and ^^5 E. by S. of V7arfaw. Low, 31. 51. K. lac. JO. 30. N. * KioK, or Kiow, a government of the Rudian empire, being part tjf the Uk- raine, or Little Ruliia. it lies on the E. (idc of the river Diiiep'.'r, although Kiof, the capital, is on the VV. fide. It was once a durhv, belonging to the great dukes of RuOia, and Kiof was iheir capi- tal and principal refidcnce. This cou'-tiy was conquered bv the Tartars, and came again intcjtlie loifelhon of the great .i.ikcs, but was over -run and poireli'cd by the Colfacki, under tlie prcteftion of Poland. In iCifjd, tic natives, difcontented with John Cafimir, king of Poland, lubmitted to R.uliia, and have ever fnce rein.iinrd fubjttt to that empire. The vaft privi- leges that they trjoyed have been gradually abolidied, and tlity are now rtiiuccil to the fame (late as liie otlicr provinces of the Ruliian empire. This tjuvtrnment coi;- tains eleven diftrifts ; ami its principal ri- vers arc the Dnieper, Defna, Oder, Udai, Sula, Pfol, and Trirbcfh. ' Kiev, or Kiow, n palatinate of Po- land, in that part of the Ukraine whirU lies on the \V. Tide of the Dnieper. It contains only two dilhifts and feveral i'mali towns ( arcely worthy of notice ; its capital, Kiof, being Cuhjedl- to Riiflia. KioGE, or Koc;e, a feaport of D(n- mark, in the ifle of Zealand., 10 miles S. of Copenhagen. Lo.". 12, 40. E. lat. 59. 31. N. ^ Kioping, a town of Sweden, in VVermcland, feated on a fmall ftream, that falls at a little diliance into the lake Macler. Lcn. 16. 40. E. lat. 59. y-. N. Kirby-Lonsdale, a town of Wtft- morland, with a market on Thurfday. It is a large vvcll-bui/t rown, with a hand- fome church, and a fine ftonc bridge over the river Lon. It is 10 miles S. E. of Kendal, and 253 N. V,'. of London. Lon- 2. :,-]. W. lat. 54. 3. N. KiRBv-MnoRsiDj;, a town in the N. riding of Yoik(hire, with a market 011 Wednefday. It is feated on the edge of the moors, ncai the river Dow, 25 miles N. of York, and 11:5 N. by VV. of Lon- don. Lon. I. 3. W. Jar. 54. 20. N. Kirby-Stepiiln, or Kikkby- Stf.phen, a town in Wenmovlr.nd, with a market on Monday. It is feated near the (kirts of the hills, whieh fcparate this county from Yorkfliire, and .aas a hand- fome church ; and uifo a man.ifaftory of (dockings. It is nine miles S. of Appleby, and 2S1 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 30. VV. lar. ca. 26. N. KiRCHiii P. G, a town of Germany, in. Z 2. tiie K I R K I S D.nul:., nine tv,,l« S. of Ulm. .r,cl lubjcf* / J^=, .'^J ,j " Marnm. At the N. cmi of ,„ the houlc of Aulum. Lop. ,o. .z. E. ca.h.drnl ol ;»f^^^^. >^^.^^ ^^,;,^ ,^ ,5,^, ^i^, Vife.hi.., icn.cd en the fvuh o Lonh - ^^^J, "^ ^ S"".! X^un^nKW- It has a dod-.vard t ,f favv v.ffels, has 3 Jj^^*^^'^ ' « ^^j j- ,„o„tory af Sc«t built houfc. .0 milc3 N of hd>«bu.,h. l""^ ^0,.^ .J.^ ^^ tincolnihire, w«h ^T,^Ki^;^^^^^; tpon,f S... a ,L.e. o^.u.d.. . .... ^ ^J^ g; land, in the county of K>fkcudb,.ght. It of Lincoln Heatl , is !"ca;i;d at the wouth ot tbc nv<.r Ute, has ii fine harbour, with -kpth ot water fufficicnt to admit (l.ips of any burdtn 10 I ..... L-.. V.i.» 1 M r of Lincoln HeitP, lu ii"'>- ■ "• - '- coin, and ts' N- W. ol London. L ,, W.lat, ;;?. iiJ N. KvsMi'sH.'an idand of Afn, in fufficicnt to admit (l.ips of any huru.n o ^';;^':^^.-^„,,, ^^ -n^Ucs in length, romc tip to the town, and yet hns but an g"^';J,^;:,jf°'^'i,^is fertile and wrll- in.onf>derable trade. The town conl.ftsof and^five in b^ cadtU, _^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^_^^^.,._^ bbic for its pearl ftlliery. ^ ^, . V KiTTf-HY, a town of N. America, in ihe diftrid of M=i;i. h- is famom two ftreas, which form a nulu angle with each other, and mcvt at the tnwnhnule. It is 60 miles VV. of CKi.ik, and ?3 »• VV.of Edinburgh. Lon. 4. H, W.lat. 55- o. N, KiKKCUOBhioHf, the liiir^.', or fiew- srtry of, which rnce formtt', wt± the county ot Wit'toa, the anc-cni province ot Gallowsy. th.s county is bounded on for'liup-bui'.ding, ai'^l i^^ '"cated on the E, fulc of the mouth of the I'lfcataqua. ■■■ Kivrr, on*: of the kven Caueafian nations,, that inhabit the countries between the Bl.-ck Sea and tbc CaCpian. 1 hR na- Gallowsv. Th.s coanty is bounded on the ot. ^-^ ■i'-" «■■" 1. „heft ridce of l^e N, I by Ayrihir. and Dumfriesflil.. ^^^''%^£- sS Wv^let. en the S. by the S, Kvay I'nih and th C.iucate. j.or,£_^ ^_^^ ^^_^ ^^ ^^^ ^.^^^ ^1,. Irifh aea. imd on tlu: W. by Wiijtonftirc and Ayrlhire. Its extent from N. to S. is nc Jily 3c milts ; from E. to VV. ab.nit .>t. KiP k HAM, a tov/n in Lancalhire, with a market on Tuefday ; feued a: the tiioiuh of the Ribblc, and adorned with a hand- fbme church. U h« aconluvrable tr^nu- ^'";;';^,^'|;;;;';;;';;;;u,<;7 whh'any known tSi.a;dt^I^"ir.^^tSoi ;!i:.;^::ri6ti or tribes, which arc generally at variance with each other, and with their neighbours. Their dialed, s have no analogy with ani lan-u.'.^c, and their hiftory and origin are S: prellnt utterlr utj.nown. Thofe be- l„nl,in>5 to .he difti.as of VVap, Anguftir, and Shdkha, fubmitted to Ruiha in .770. The Tflictfhen tribe is fo numerous and ■\ .rlike, vvA lu« given the Ru .ans I. .r.uch trouble, that its name is ufually given or hat r/.ncrous highwaym-n, Kobin 'i^"^" '"' '^Vi; who e K fti natiopl The Sood, and on the adjacent moo^ arc two bv^them -^^^''^ J^^ole^^^^^f ,,,,„g ,hovc little hills, called Robin Hood's Biitis KIKKOSW/ :.i), a town of CumDcr- land, with a market on Thurfday. It 1.- feated upon .. hill, dear the river Eden, toz unks K. W. of London. Lotj. 2. 4i, ■'.". lat. 5,t. .■-.?. N. ,r, , A ■■ Kii- KP.vvRi K, a town of Srotiand, in nnml..'n..Aniire. ly^ng £• of the town of Dumbarton. It i' faid to be the- hirth- pK.ce of the iitel. ■■ faint of lie and. The vellires ot the Koman wall, built Dy Antoninus, extend from the frith o. Clyde at this place, to the frith of l-orth. It is called, bv the country people, Gra- .lam's Dike, for which different reafons have been ^ivcu by antiquarus. ^ UirkwaI.!., a bon.uph of Scot.anu, ■ capitLrof Orkney, the principal of the ceremonies e rooo men, live in villages near each other, containing about io or 30 houles : thcv are dili^^nt hafbandmen, and nchincattif Manr of their villages have a ftone towt:, which fcrvcs in time of war. as a retrca: to their womtn and children, and a rnaga- zinc for their efFcfts. Thefe people are all armed, and have the cuftom of weann? fnieldi. Their reh«ion is very fimple. bur ha-i fome traces oFChriftianity . 1 .>'■> believe in one God, whom they call Dail^. but have no faints or religious perlom. They ccltbrate Sunday, not by any rt, - Pious ceremonv. but hv reding from l^- bour. Tbey iiave a faft in Spring, and another in ^Summer. They obferve no ithcf at births or dcan.s. Tt'cy K I S at name. It id buiit upf"n sn ka An the E.' fide of the illand. itriking objeifV is tl-e Ihite.'y i St. Maj;mis. At vhu N. «iui of [(! ?. fortification built in tlic time i.lf, on \vhi';li fome cannc/ii aie or the (!(ti"(:iicc nf ttit harbour. ii 41; rnili.:s from )L>unpn>.iy- moft N, F., pro-\ioiuory of Sfxt n, 2. ;■/, W.iat, s,8. 5,S. N. N, a town of Lincolnihire, with on SHturd.iy ; itHted nn the r.Ji-. n Hcatl', zo milts N. of Lin- isi IS*. W. of London. L'wi, . lat, 5). V.' N- SH, an iliand of Afia, in ih- V'll'a, aboi\t c;o milts in lenjith, ■i tv.-cadtil. It is fertile and well- ' and has t)':en extremely rerrarl;- ts pearl filhery. TTCKY, a toun of N, America. lil'trift nf Mcin. K is famou? building, and ii fcated on the E. ic mouth of the I'ifcataqua. =.ri, on*: of the 'I'evcn Caueafian that ir.hahit the countries betvvi;eii k Sea and the Cafpian. Thin na- ti.nds from the higheft ridge of IS. along the Sundlha rivulet?. ifi? houndsd (III the W. by the Lii- )arda, to the li. by the Tartars and and to the S. by ihe Lcl'guit eori.'i,ins. They confifl of no lef^ ixteen different ciitridts or tribes, are ctnerally at variance with each and with their neii^hbours. Their s have no analogy with any known i;c, and ihcir hiftory and origin are lent utterly uiL'.nown. Thofe be- g to ^hc difti a'Js of VVapi, Anguflit. n.dkha, fubmittert to Rii^fia in 1770. r diet (hen tribe is fo numerous and :c, snd has given the RuHi;ins In trouidc, that its name is tifually given ;m to tlir whole Kifti nation. The hi, who are cnjiable of arming above mcr>, live in villages near each other, ning about 10 or ,to houl'es : the*- li('tnt hufbandmen, and rich incatflt r of their villages ha''e a ftone towc:, 1 fervcs in time of war, as a retrca: ir \vom;n and children, and a maga- for their effcfts. Thefe people are ■ncd, and have the cuftom of wearin? i. Their religion is very fimpie, as fome f,"iccsof Chriftianitj . Th'.y c in one God, whom they call Dailc ;iavf no faints or religious perfons. ' celebrate Sund.iy, not by any rt!'- cercmonv. but bv refting from 'a- Thoy iiave a faft in Spring, an(i >cr in Summer. They obferve no lonles either at births or deatiis Twy K N A^ They allow nf polygamy > and cat pnrk. One kind of lacrilicc ii< ulual among them at certain times ; a (heep is killed by a pcr- iV'n « ho fitms to be c iitldcred as a kind tf priel<, Hs he is obliued to live in a IKitc of ccli!)acy. His. habitation is in the mountains, niar an old ftone church, which is laid to be ad rjied with various ftaiucs and inlcriptions. Under" the church is a vault ttiat contains certain old buiil.s, which, however, no one ever at- tempts to api)ioacii. Mr. (I'lldmllatdt, who relates tliefe c!rcu;nltnnces, v.,is pre- vented by the wtai'ier from vlfiting this cl'.uri;h. M.ijor Ktuntll thinks tint the Kiih miv be tlie pe'iplt wiigiu Gacbtr call-, ti.t Tauliiui (t ■« is, he iVIountain- eerii) and lo w i.'iu he attriburcs the ffU lu«iug f'r.tngc cuftom : " When a gutft or fttan^;er cunies to 1 'dge uith ihtin, one of the holVs dau;; httis is oliligidt'i receive lilm, to uiilaJdic a. id feed his h'lrl'e, take car<; of his bai.'g;i};c, prepare his dinner, pafs tt'c iiigiit with l.in, and continue at riis di'po""::! during his ftay. At his dc- p-,rrure, the laddies his liorle, and packs up ills lngi;;ige. It would lie vei v lui- tour'ly to refufe any of thele ni.irks of hufpi ality." ■' KuTN'A, a river of Hindooftan, which nfes on the E. fide of the Gauis, forms the boundary between the Dcccan and the PcninfuiH, and talli into tile bay of Beng--!, S. of M.tfulipatam, Kl/.ttavv, a town of Bohemia. 46 miles J. \V. of Prague. Lon. 14, 6. E. lat. ',0. 30. N, Km TTL>:nr:Rc, a town of SwilTer- iand, (eated on the river Aar, three miles from AVildfchut. ft belongs to the bifhop of Confiancc as 'othe fpirituil jutildiftion, hut the ibvereigiuy belongs to the cantons. Lon. 8. T2. E. lat. 47. 35. N. • Ki.'.NDtRT, a ftrong fortrcfs of the United Provinces, in Holland, near the arm of the (''h, called Hollands Diep. It wa; taken bv the French, in i7r,3, after a gdiant nliitante; but they were obliir- cd to ev.icu.ite ir (on atier. It is nine iiiih.s S. E. of VViilianiftadt. ' Knai'dale, a muunta'.nou? diftrift of AreVie irc, in Sc tlar.d, .adjoinirg to Argyle Proper, and conneifed on i..e S. by a narrow neck of land, to the peniurula (jf Cantyre. KNAKKsnoROUGH, a borough in the N. ridiitij of Yorkfiiire, \>'iih a n'-irket (m Wedneldav. It is dchghifally leatcd on the river Nid, on a rugged rock, wiure there was acaltle ; and is famous for its me- diciiivl and petrifying waters. It is i « miles W. by N. of York, and 2 1 . N. by W, of London. Lon. i, 26. VV. lat. 54. 5. N. K O N KviGiTTON, a handfoinc tradmg town of Radnorfhirc, in S. W'dles, witlia mar- ket on Thurlday. It i^ a place of (onie trade, is feated in a vilhy, <>n tlie river Tend, and is 14 mi es \V. i,f Hereford, and 1^5 N. W. of London. Lon. z. 46. \V. lat. 52. 13. N. ' KMt;n isKi' incr, a vill.-ge of Middlefex, the lirll from F^ mdon i n the great weftcrn road. Here is an intir- mjry fo the lick and w. .undid, called St. George's Holpiinl ; and here are al'o very confiderrible inanuf.idorits for painting flonr-clnths. Knoisiori), a t wn in Ciiclhire, with a market on b.tiurdiv. There are two towns of this name pretty near toge- ther, called the Higher and Lower, fn the Higher is the puiili ehurch, and in the Lower a chapel ( '' c.Sc. They are fevtn ! ;!lts N. R. of Northwich, aud 173 N. N. VV^. of L udun. Lon. 2. 28. \V. lat. 53. 20. N. Koei-Tachfoi', a province of China, O'le of the fmaliefi in that empire. It con- tains 10 cities of th^j firft rank, hnd 3S of the fetoiid and third, ai.d is full of injccf- fibie inoiuuains. It is i;ihabiird by a pco- pie who are indepindent, ; nd v\w vmhiU never fubmit to the laws of the empire. However, the empcriir has found means to build forts therein, and garrifon fome of the towns ; but ill the taxes they can raife here will n )t defray the cxpence. This province is lemarkaule for its c p. per mines, and betwctn the iTrnmlains, are feveral fruitful v.dlies. They have neither fiik, nor cotton, and therefore they make their clith of a Ion of grafs, like heii.p. Tlicir hurles arc the befi in China. Kor.A, a town of the RtiHian govern- ment of Archangel, ;!■ d ih.e capi al of Rutiian Lapland. It ha;, a ^ti>d ha'biur on the river Kola, n; ar tlu i.ay if ihe faaie name in the Fro7en Ocean. Lort. 32. 26. E. lat. 6>i. 3|. N. * Koi.vvAN, a government of the Ruihan empire, cotrprehcndirg a part of W'ellern Siberi-, and r'Tuciiy inehidid in the govtinment ot IVb' .'fic. lis iLpital, of the lame name, is itattd on the Oiiy, near the iruuth of -he B- rda. anil was known, iieforc the iiilUtution of mis ^I't, VLTnment, unjcr the n.mie of U-.riV.oi Oflrog'. Thi'j country I as very pi due- tive filver mines, whici' hue bien cil^ed the Potofi of RiiHia. They lie between the rivers Obv and Irtvlli, rear ihe oun- tains which form the inntiir;. ot Sib-ria, and Uparate that Cuuntiy from Ch.intfe Tartary. * KoNCSBBRG, a town of Sciithern Z 3 Norway, ^tsnagm^mv. j: ■•«4«>- JswBKsavj :..;4'>.CV'-:^?*vJ'r 'I " ic d N Norway, ce'itbratcd for its filvcr mines. It lici on linth fides of the livcr Lowe, contains al'out lono liuufcs, anti, incliuli the miners, 6000 inhaljitaiits. The mines, v. hich lie about two miles from the •town, wire lirli dilcdvered and worked, durinij tnc r.i/n of Chriftian IV. Kongf- bcrg IS 45 miles S. W. of Chrittiania. Lon. q. so. E. lat. <,(). 40. N. '* KoNGs\> INCEU, a fortrcfs of Nnr- vay, on the frontiers of Sweden. The town contains about 50 Iniall wooden lioufcs, leattd near the river Gloinnie, at the foot of a Aeep lock, on which ftands an iinpngnablc ciiadul ; at Icaft, Charles XII. who reconnoitred it, thoiiglit it prudent to decline the attempt. KoNiCKi.L'TTEK, a town of Germa- ny, with a celebrated abliev, in the terri- tory of Brunfwick-Wolfeiibuttlc. Lon. II. 7. E. lat. «.i. 15. N. KoNiGSUtiKC, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, belonging to the houfe of S.ixe-V\'eim^.r, three miles N. E. of Srhweinfurt. Lon. 10. 44. E. lat. t;o. ■;. N. K.oMGsnF.nG,' a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony and mar- quil'ate of Brandenburg, 47 miles S. of btctin. Lon. 14. 40. E. lat. 52. 50. N. KoNnjGsnr.Rc;, the capital of the kingdom of Priitha, with a univerfitv, and a magnificent palace, in whicli is a hail 274 ftct long, and 1^9 broad, without pillars t ) fupport it, and a handlbme li- brary. The townhoufe, the exchange, and the cathedral, are fine (trutturcs. The tower of the caltle is very high, find 1 ; 2S4 fteps to the top, whence there an cxtenfive piolpedf. There arc iS churches in all, of wiiieh 14 belong to the Lutherans, three to the CaK inirts, and cne to the I'apift.s. The town is about five miles in circumference, and, includ- ing the gatrifbn of 70CO n;en, contains 60,000 inhabitants. It ftaads on the Pregel, a navigable river, which flows from the nortii weftern pu vii'ces of Po- land, and here falls into the eait' rn extre- mity of the Frifihe Ilif, an inlet cf the Baltic. No lliips drawirj more than (even feet water can pafs the oar, and coiTiC up ti the town; lb t.::)t the large ve.TcIs anchor at Pillaii, a fniall town on the Baltic, which is the port of Koningf- berg; and the iiierehandife is ftriit in fmaller vefffls to tbis place. The trade of Kxaijnglbcig is verv confidcrable. It is 61 miles N. E, of Elbing, and 125 N. of W'arLw. I^on. jo. 5;. E. lat. 54, 42. N. KoNiNGSGB at;;, a town of Bohe- jl^i ieatcd on the rive): Elbe^ with a bi- K O R fliop's fee; ^t, miles S. \V. of Glatr, »n 11^ N. by W, of Vienna. Lon. 16. 8. E. lat. c,o. 6, N. KoNiNOSHOFEN, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, with a bilhop'b fee. It is it, miles N. W. of Bamberg. Lon. 9. 36. E. lat. 49. 34- N. KoN'iNOSTEiN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, an^l ter- ritory of Mifnia, with an impr ,;nable fort. It i> a place of ronllnt .1 ent for ftate prifoneis, and is feated on the ri- ver ElHe, 10 miles S. E. I- Pirn.', and 10 S. W. of Drcfden. Lon. 13. 43. E. lat. e,\. 2. N. KoNiT/., a town of Eaftcrn PrufTia, 10 milts N. VV. of Culm, and 50 S. W. of Dmtzic. Lcn. 18. 16. E. lat. '.i- 36. N. KoPYs, a fmall fortifud town of Lithuuni.i, feated on the river Dnieper. L";i. 29. 43. E. lat. i;4. 22. N. KoRiACS, a nation on the borders of Kimtichatka, tiibutarv to the Rulfians. There are two ibrts of Koriacs. Thole who are properlv calkd by that name have a fixed relideiice ; the others arc wanderers, and are known by the ap- pellation of Raindeer Koriacs. Their Hocks are very numerous, and they maintain them by condufting them to thole cantons that abound with mofs. When thefe paftures are exhaulled, tliev feek for others. In this iiinnner they wander about inceHanily, encamping un- der tents of Ikin, and ru7>p'^rting thcn- fclves wit.'i the produce of their deer, which are as fcrviccable for draught to the Koiiacs, as the dogs arc to the Kamiieluidtles. There is, in many rc- fpeds, a great rcfeinhlancc between the fixed and tiie wandering Koriacs : we cannot but wonder, therefore, at the liirle cordiiility, f-r ra'.her at the niifundtr- llanding, that fubfitls among them, en account (>f which they may be conlider- ed as two ditlerent people, I'licir coun- try, however, is the fame, and takes in a vaft ex'.cnt, terminated to tlie S. by the peniiifula of Kaimlcliatka and the gulf of Pengina ; to the E. bv tli'- cauniry of the Oluterians ; to the N. l.y that of the Tehoukchis, and to tlie W. by t!ie Tongoufes, the Lamouts, and the Yakout's. It is confidenily aflcrted tliat this country was formerly very populous, but that the fmallpox had made very C( iiilderable ravages. But M. Lelfep, doubts whether that difeafehad carried oif more of the inhabitants than their fr';- .juent contefls with their neighbours, and wiib Uic Kufbans, The number of fixed ^ ' Kori- of the inif jrm< Nt the tiler full. thei mi one nev fori VI V Th tiih the vals tion Th for ou are ner at,i K O R S miles S. W. of C.la«, iin I , of Vienna. Lon. i6. 8. K. (hofen, a ftrong town of 1 the circle of Franconia, vviih fee. It is »■; miles N. W. r. Lon. 9. 36- E- lat. 49- STEIN, a town of Gern-;iny, e of Upper Saxonjr, ami ler- Mil'iiia, with an impr enable , a place of ronl'in^.i <.nt tor ners, and is leattd f.,i the ri- ,0 miles S. R. ^ Tirn-, and us fpirit. Tbc piaftice if attacking, to partake of it. A noble emulation in- aiid of defending tbemfelves, cicates in thinies the guefts, and tlere is a conteft them an inflexible courage, that delights of who is heft able to dilLurden the maf- in perpetual en. bats, and glories in a ter of the houfe of his ncAar. The en- contempt of life. Superftition lends its teitainment lafts for one, two. or three aid to ennoble in their eyes this thirft days, till the beverage is exhaufted. Fre- of blood, by impofiBg a law that obliges (]uently, that they may nm fail of being them to conquer or to die. The more tipfy, they cat the raw niufliroom at the iniportarit is the caufe that calls them to fame time. It is aftonilhing tl.at there arms, the more greedy arc they of death. Neither the bravery, nor the number of their ^dverfanes, can at all iiuimidarc them : It is then they Iwcar to dijlroy the are not more examples of the fatal effei'^s of this intemperance. Souic of them have been made Itrioufly ill, and recovered with difTieuity ; but experience does not fun. They difcharge this terrible cath corit£t tiicm, and, upon the iirft cccuf'oii by cutting the throats of their wives and ■ -^ > children, burning all their poll'efiions, and rufliing madly into the midll of their enemies. Tfje combat cannot ter- minate but by the total deftruttion of one of the parties. The vanquiliicd never feek Their I'afety in flif^iit ; lu uour forl)ids it ; and not a Konac will !\ir- vive the fiauuhter of his countrvmen. Their regular oecupati>,n is huiitinjj^ and filhing ; but every reafon will not permit them to follow it. During thefe inter- vals, Ihut up in tl»'ir profound h;;l.i;a- tions, they ftecp, fmoke, and get drv.iik. Thoughtlel's of the future, witliout retjrtt for the paft, they come n"t out of iheir Durts till the moft urgent nectfTity com that ofTers, they return to their bruiilh 1 lailice. it is not from abfolure rcnCua- lity, it is not from the pleaCure of drink- ing a liquor, that by its thivour creates an irrefilliblc craving fur more ; they leek met-ily in ihe!c orgies a ftate .f o'ulivion, of rrupef.K''liim, of totiil brutilh- ncl"., a kii.d of celTition of CNiftencc, wliieh conftnutes their only enjoyment. The features of the majiirity of the Ko. riae:. arc not Ah.uic, and tlicy might be confidered as Eur.^peans, but for their low ftature, their ill iliape, and the co- lour of ihtir (kin. Tlie other Koriacs have the lame ehara>'?leriliic ouiiines as the Kamiffhadales. Among the women, particularly, there are very few who have pels them. Thefe yourts arc larger th:>.n not funk eves, flat nofcs, and prominent thule of the northern Kamtfchada'es, but cheeks. The men are aluioft entirely are diftributed nearly in the fame man- beardlefs, and h.ne fhort hair. The ncr. Perhap, their filihinefs it llill mete women tairy their children in a kind of Z 4 nrd -SJSS'A^W^K?.^: «AtS',v-««»ii=i*aiSS5SS^feSt?S*S!V«i.T^ K O R K O R which a V'lir-: n>an fubj «& himlelt when le I, (lifirntis I'f n'anvmg. A» fr..;n a» lie ha-i t'xril i.h choice, he waists hair, IT the r. > li uf man fubj >'H h.mfelf thcic old ha^wM: im^nn t.i on h.' ..cc "* '"'■> - If |.^ be ililhcHrrciu.', or lli.ir'Mii'. at lie IS ini'anilv dif- uron the rrlati. ns fl' his miHri.ls, and catr>. ro nd do not lofe her tr m tluir fight 0.1 aiiv piticxt uhattvtr. 1 lie aim flant ; h r airons, nc- t'.is cnal treatment, niirLcl. and fo.f.'ts for cr. ;.'l clriini tn the hll^ancc, vvhirh is c ntu.trt.l ^,^'''- mort lVj;nal diigrsce that can bt inHiMca on a K.'riac lovtr. liur (ilfFicultits only rtiKkr his di.'res nrrc \thciiunt. Far frcm dc!poiidm>; at tlitic ri; loui pro- ceedings, he conlidcrs himlii as the more \vorihy of the felicity he has in view. He rtj 'ices he i,l.>ries in all the tnbulati' .IS ht txpciiences during his ain". roils ah 1 painfid ftrsitudc. It is frt- »'B'" ■'■•■••■' t - c i,,„,i„,Rro outntlv not f I after the cxpiiM'ion ot two ot the lo^«?!"" '^" Tthcc V^^rs, that he ol'ta.i.s his end which all his care* tend, is to touch htr or thrce^^ye ^^_^_. ^,^^^^^^^ ^^^_ ^^^^ ^^^ .^ naked body, the only way bv which ht can obtain her. Jn the mean time, he ex- ecuies, vMth ital ai'd lulmiliiMi, ..11 Uic funttioi^sthai the relali. ns impole r n l.im. T?tcome. a. it wtri. the ihivf of the fa- mily, he IS .M ployd ip all tl.c donic[»ic 1 Lite with hi'-, vift( rv, he Hits to in- form the rchti.ns of hi^- fiiftCs. The witricircs are lumin •red. and the yt^imK ladv iiitcrrojiattd. H. r confcliion is nc- cefTiry. as well as Ton c proof that (he w;k lakcn bv furprife. and n^nlc truit- mily, he IS .0 !""y ■"':,'"'; /„;;;; U(, ^.r rts to defend lurUlf. lie, 1 and hbt.urs.tocut wood fccU waer pm,de u ' ^^^ ^^^^ con,,..c,.-r. but kc. J^T. Love, and the nrrkncc o Is i t ..n ^.| _^ ,^ ^^ ^ in,e,.l.d.it,rpi. him^it^ a..rag. f ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,,„.,,;,, heiMf to hv he relax, a fn^lc '"^^ ' f . ,lr ri,.. i,.,- wi-h h'.m. Kr. m thif. moment, treed I'lii- witi'iout rt The hope of a'«ndt:ini; it^ duration mh cnccf al' ii- '>'''•*■"*• ^''^ ^^e is invari- ablv tix.d on the id .1 of hi:, heart, he vaTbf! h'ti motions t'Wiwi her -. tps, and IS inc.nar<.iy in her way. Rut h. w can he dtce.v. :he Argus eves of the .'u.-n- nas that Uirround her ? t is a co-.-,tiPual " - 's r.t ConuH r.f vt'i^iict asr.infl cui'i'mt' : c ch ranv afts wuh 'n„,l /eal and tur't v, r- an-^r F:om linh affidiiitics, from the a-itatioo of the l-.ver, and ibc prerairi.ns that arc tahen to co-mteraft h- m.rreu- vre«, ore 'voo'.d fuppole that he ^ as abmit to carry o'.F f>me cxtraord;:arv b.auiy. Vho «oi..:a imainne that the obr A of the thoughts and .'.(.res ot thi' vlonir;; Ko- riac, W2S Uj^linels itftlf, aid th.it h, al- rirtd 10 no other reward for r,. many e..- irtions, than to uurh a cdlnis sel.ow, grcaCv ik:n ? In bis leifure ti-io.niv.s it hi;.rtv to fee and approach bis m,.- irefs he' tr.ciesvMurs to merit her atttc tinn bv u..ne flv lutcmptto. obtain a touch ; but the number and thickrels of her r-irments are an inv.nciblr barrier. rnraJcd at fo many obftacirs, he tears, and pii!!s off this leariru orels. Woe bttiiie him it he be fiirp.ihd in his raCi attack ! The relations, the n-xorable 1 r III ^^^,„„ C::.T,x to his fu'ure v il'c, who i"'rTp.'ih.,;« Jcr-v to fii d herftlf dili- vcud from Iv.r cuml-trrome attiie. This I'econd ;'af(: of lourilliip is leldoni ;try lon)j i the'daivie , in the prc'cncc cl the fa!;->ily, 'oonfi'. cs hi r content, and uoihing, ifite to entitle him to all the ela ms of a luifliand. The niipri.d ccre- ni'iny and tcalt ccnlift merely m f.flim- blMiL' the relations of ihc paritts, whi) are eager to i;et drunk m imitation ot the nevv-martiid couple. A plurality of wives is not r.llowcd amont; the Koriacs ; aithou'.;h tlirre have been inlbinees, how- ever, of its beiri:; pi ,r1i(.d without Icru- ple. Their f.ineral rites Iv-ive allrikin<; limikritv to the andcn- inftiiution'. ot pa- •aiufm, lliil obicrvcd bv various unrivi- ')'/;d people of I he new hemilpotrt-. When a K-riac die?, hii relations and neii'lboiir-^ c.'Vcmble to pav him their lalt rtftH-^3. Tl-.ev t.-f '♦ 1 funeral pile, up.n uii cb ihev p'.ic a p.rtion or tlie wea:Ui of tnc de.'-ued, and a hoek of prrvili- c-s, confi.-iii^g of raindter, i"nli, brandy, in Ihort, wnaiever t'.,ty conceive he will want for his treat journcv, and f ^^P him from (Carving in the other world. H it be a wandtri- s. Koriar, his deer con- K O R of che »ct'. ihctrrcnti', or iii.irn'iir-. at eainiciit, hu is inl'snily dif- iift'is fur c cr nil cirii!!! to \\ Inch IS t iiru.trtii Ok llie iliigritce il'.it cui i)t inriiftcd lovtr. l^ur (iifTiciiltiis nn!/ Ii.'rcs nrri: vcheriunt. Far .tinj; at thtic ri; imis pro- tonliders liimki as the of the felicity he his in ■j 'ICC, he j,l'>ries in all the t txpeiienres Hunng hii ain '- -.atnfi'l ^er^itUl^e, If is fic- t'll uftcr the cxiiiri'ion of two cars, thnt he olnaiiis his end. Ilii viAcry, he Hies tii in- relatiins i^f \i\> fiifitl!'. The re riimtiv red, atid the yri'",^ ijMtid. Hi r CDnfiliiiai is ne- wt II as f(in c proof that (he bv riirpriCe. and ii'i'dc Iruit- tii defend luriclf, llcr 1 and fl'Aved on the con(n'cti'r, biiv I'.ed flill to uait ti I ir is (em le tan rtconcMe lieifelf to liv- iini. KrciTi this iivment, free.l a'loiirs, I.e makes his court eft iTt to his fii'ure vile, who haps f'trry to In il herfilf dili- 11 h'jr 'tirnberfoiiie airiie. This ag<; o! eourilliip is feldom very ;. daii'fe , in the pre'encc c( the oni'i- cs hirci nlent, and noiliing Kqiiifite to entitle him to all the a hudjand. The niipiid cerc- A (ealt cciilift mcnly in Rfltm- c relation* of the panics, who r to uct drunk m imitation of ■ trar'ud cmiple. A phirality of not nllowed aiiionu tiie Koriacs ; thrre have hem in(i inees how- its beirj^ piti'liiru witlijut (cru- ieir fcineral rues l.-ive a (lrikin<; r to the aiuicir inftitiitions of pa- flill oblcrvcd bv varioii- iinrivi- oplc of the nrw liniiirpatrf. 1 Koriac dies, hi:, nlations and ir-- :.''(inoic to pav him their lail Tl'ev err:'* a funeral pile, U|)in hpv p' icc a portion of tlie wt'^'iii ie.iutd, and a hotk of pnvili- ifiiil;^^ of raindeer, tuli, brandy, , wiiaiever t'..ey conceive he will ir h's j;rear jiuirnev, si.d t') keep n ftarving in the other world. If wandtri-g Koriar, his deer con- in to the pile ; if a rcfidi nt Ko- is drawn bv his i!oj;s, or carried by hi; K O R K O W hU relatinm. The hci^y is rxWbitetf, tVicy render Mm propitious by piotifly cl'thed ill hit belt attiri, and lying in a te'nnk; drunk in ihiir yi ijrts i f • drink- kind of Cf'trin, Tluru it reciiMS the inncl' i>> bft nie \Mtli tlie'V peo),!.. t ie« adieu o. ihe aitcndanis, who, wiih lortlus Iijmi.iis pt i^l'ce, rinrl iJie bafis vi «\i ilitir in tlicir hands ronfider it a» an honour lull tiiiuties. This Heitn n is, doubtlelii, fpcedily 10 riduie their relation or frund l!.e l,.iiie being a« the K iiika of the toadies. Tl'iy feel only the regret I'f K/trtlilMdaUii, v\ hie niinilUrs and inter* a Ihort ablcnce, and not of an etirnal preters ilii: chiinan^ condder tlieinliclveJ. reparation. Theyweit no niourninj', ; and litre, as in the p(Min(ij|a, the myrtle Ian* tiie fiiniral p. imp l>rminatts in a fcenc >;iia^;c of the'c n. (M an-, works upon the of intt'iiperamc, wlitrc the fitnes of their credviliiVt •"id o ains the veneration of lnjiior an, tobacco j^radiially etfaec the the nuiltiiulc. 'Muy txticilc phyfic and remcii irantv of death. After a few fiirk^iry with equal lutri-I'i. TL'licre cx- rtionths widowhood, the women are per- clulivo funi'tion-., whi.-ti are Ciippoled lo nutted to inairv ai ain. The fiiptrlliti- bt aidid by ii. pir.iiiin raiher than the V ous prai'Hces ohfirved at their fiintral«, li»;lit of ixp. nciice, procure tlititi an iin- and their tranfitnt gri.f at the Iof» tif bounded po.-cr. They arc lent for frnin perlbns the rrtol^ dear to thcin, leem an all parts of the c iintry, and tcftimonie* evident proof o'. tlitir indifllrtnce to life, of gratitude heaped tipon thiin htfure- tlic brtMty of which ntitiier allonifhts hand. Thev dijiiand with hauf;htintf$ nor aflict? them. Diath is in thtir eye* uliatcver they pltjCc, and conlider eveiy but il. palfaj^c to another life ; and, m thii'.i( that is y.iven iheni as a tribute. It qiiittin' the world, 'hey do not ima. is upon thf pretext of making an ac jjiiie that tlitr pleafuies termiiiaie, but . . - that other ti.jiynicnts are rclcrvcd for them. Till V atknowledi'e a rnjirtme beiii.^, the criat ,r of all thinj^>. He in- habi's the llin. wli"ft burniiii^ on) thev conTdLr a'- the throni or pal.ice < f l!ie Lord of Nitiire, v. horn iliey probably roil!, (Old with that celiflial lire, n. huh is fiippolid to he Ins dwelliiij^. They nei- ther fear, ti ir worfliip hitn. Thcv ad- drefs no pra er to him : ^oodiitfs, they ceptabic offeriiiK to the god, whole or- j:aM they are. tuat they appr -jirialc to tlr.mlchcs wlicevcr the iniiabi' iits pof. (els, ihat is liu.- ni.ll coftly and b'aaii. ful. It is t) .t netelTary tfi ('u|ipole that thele imp.rt'irs v.uW their votaries by a parule of virtue, by rijjid ohiervances, and a more fcrupuU.U' lite ; on the ron- trarv. thi y linpa.s th'm in iheir vices, and tall (hort . f them in iobnety. On the eve ot iheir inauu: ctrcmonin, ihry pre- fay, is his eliVnce ; all the jjood tb.at ex- tend, indi'-d, o fsft all the day ; bui they ids in rhe Wirld proceeds from liim ; and ir is iinpo|Tl!,;>; he (houki do an iijury. The piiiuiplc of evil they confidtr as a mali<.|,n iiii Ipirir, wlio divides with the go d beini^ the empire of nature. Their power is tijiial. As the one i> intent on the hapjiintl's of mankind, the other en dcavours to render thtni un!i,ippy. Dil make up for tins nbftincncc, at night, by a-profufun nf tlie moiikatn:rr, 'he inioxi- cariiif pniri>n delcriurd .ibove, which they tat and drink to latieiy. This prepa- ratory ini riration thev ton(ider as a r'u'y. It is proba'ilc that thiy tccl its (tiirts liie next day, ami mat they deiive from it an titvati n of (pirits that coniribuits to C'lfis, ti.mp'jfts, f:.minc,cal.iniiiies of every (kran[;c their ni;nd , and give them the kind, an- his work, and the inflruireiits of iierefiary Itiei^t.th to go through their his veiige.Tncc. It is to pacify his wrath, c.\tnva>.'ant tranf'ports. that ilicy I'acrificc their perfoiia! intercfl, KoRs.sw, or Rosoa, a town of Dcn- and have rccoutfe to devotion. Their ho. ma'k, in ihe ifle of 7Afl,«nd, with a forr, mage is dii'^artd merely by the terror Willi which this ir.enacing dtity lilh i.vtry heart, and confifts of e.vpiatory facriuces. Thcv o3(.r to liim various animnls, that have juft bcijun to cxirt, raindccr, doi;s, the firrt-fniits of their luin:ii'(; and hih- inir, and whatever tbey pofitfs thar is moll valuable. Their dcv')tir'Pal exer. cifts confitl of fupplications and th,ink(- givings. There is no temple, no (anc- tuary. let apart for his votnriis. This fan- <45 miles W. by S. of Copenhagen. Lon. 1 1, lo. K. lai. ^5. ;o. N. KosAi., or K'issi.i., a fortified town of Silefia, near the river Oder, between Li'tle Glogaw aiid Uutcn. Lon. 17. 5O. E. lat. 50. 26. ^'T ''■ KofTKo.MA, a ffvc;-. lent of the P.uifian empiT, f,.ri:irrlv incided in that ot Moleow. It is divided into the two provinces- of Kol'.rtr.a and UnHia. The f il'. t'ormtr is Knitr ina, which capita! ta(\ic god is equally wordiipptd in all is feated at the ir.oinh of the river Volga the capital of the ((.coiid is Makarief, wliicU .s fiiuatid on the rivicr Unflia. ko'A'NO, a town of Lithuania, fcated places and hears the Kori,,c wh.o pra^ alone to l;;m in the dei'trf, tis vtll as the afferobltd family, who conceive that red I •J f— K"in^ K U F the circle ..t H;kVHrH.Ji:»«Y. " '" Inn n mile* K. of Mui.iclu kA.nbik.;, » town -f Oirm^inv, i/r'crclc of Auiuuanl au.Uy o Ca>nu.l., )cau.l on .h-: r.V.r S.V., -^ niiltsN. VV..il.aiibach o.ily on tl.c l<'«k S«.>, but on Uu C»l- J; p. .ml w.r. cc..a...ly -c jua.mtJ wuU Sm vslu.h .luv auw. l.y .Uur trade with tl.c w,U..bii..u., great iiuantiuoot v-aiii""> .• , xviiu lilt 11, 11. >"••■■->»>•- 1 , K.KAiS"VN" /. a town of L ,)rcr bi- ' 1 , . ,,, ,1,^ 1 „ Uicy fcnt ►^H^'N^'-^^^-'^,";:^:,?^ :^ Saul bu.n... T,.clul.lc,acnt,nv.,.n.o h IThainsi.aw, ii town of I'Un.) in Tiic lubl't laint inv.ili"ni. ot the Tiate of ClKlm, no ni>lc. b. ». "t ^^ ^ ^^_^^,^ ^^^.^^. ,.^i,^j ^^., ,„a ,i.c maaut...- on the river OJcr 50. V)- N Lull. li. »0' c.- '•'^• tlKminowcr.ralcdui-.atutbcmuaut. tuicr, aiuiuloncJ. prcvtutca iht t rani^cis from trtcdtmg tlicii return; lo that they c(,iitiiuicd h.re, and crctKd themUKe. int.) a republic. What rtnderb thi^ ae- ■ V)-^- „f rirTiivvnn- int.) a repu!)Iic. W nat rtni.eis u... -- ire. in N. W.Ucs wub ^ ">■ ^-^^ . ' .,, ^.^,,. „t aniiU. and nake very g'od fe:"i.r n'^a;v:,^....^.nj^ r^a^rf:s^w-^^^7"''-;:- Iti alm,iUpl..ce.tl,ou:^l>,^^'"T"''"""' ,\ Uks S.Vy K. of Carnarvon, and ^Kkkmlks. a fnon;^ town of Den- „r.na.a.c.vof^ni...„..th^^ s;^:a.dn:e^.^::^GiJc.ftadt. l...,. *5t;':-^s/a-to':^>fOcr„.nv.inthc • 1 nf ^Viiftrii, icatid oil the liver ^;tb"h'fVnt^W.ofVani.. ^*:K;^;.;'^".N\cl,,V;ownofGer.any ftill excellent arnll^. and nake very g'od hie-arui';, as well rilKd as plain ; la'jres, oats of iii.,il. anj ltvtr.il articles in gold iinJ lilver, for c\port.itiou. They bivc, likiwile, for ili.ir own defence, liuaU Conner cannons, of three py■■■^^■■ - •; ■ r,,,,n,rici n niel, or Kuan or tne v^aiiaKs, .ier.... " ,,otc an ''--"' it^\,Sl"n of Lv^d ihe iovereigniy of lU.Iia but w,t pi' cs the fullowiiu' licfcription of ,i:,s veVy curious phcc:''Kubcil.ai^ a larpc rtrong town, fuuatid on ah II, DC 'i;hirir.ouMains. Its lubabitants chI thom«^:Wes Franki (Fraf.ks, a na.r.e common m the Iv to all Europeans) n,,J relate, that their ancertors were brought hither by fotnc accident, the part.cul.ars ot tcha'e now forgotten. The common p.t, but liigli-fpirited and iiid-.pui., nt. Tlioir town is conldered ai a neutral fi,t, where the niij^hbiHiring primes can d'cpofu their trca'uru wu!i latet;. . Thi-y cie.:1; vcarlv twelv.; iiiaiifirates to whom they pay the mod unlimited obeduncc ; and, as all :lie inhab.t.Mits arc on a foot- in' of the moll perfcft eci.ial.ty, each ir.dividual is f.re to have, in his turn, a (liare in the government. In ^''* ^'^^S j->, ;, their iiuiii Urates, as well ao the Uf- niel, or Kiian of the Caiiaks, atkn.nv- o..t paying any tribute." L'mi. 67- SO' 1'- lat. 4.1. 3&. N. ki'oicH, a (Iron:; fort of Poland, in the Ukraine, and in the p.datinate -f Ki if, feaied on the river Dnieper. Lon. ,-.+•>. K- lat. 47- 4'^- 'N- , . . ■'kufsikin, a Imall, handfomc, and flron" tOAU of Germany, in the Tirol, :;hich a^e now forgotten. ^he c^mn^n h.vng jc.^n ^ ^^. ^^^ JtUfcated tonjeaure is, that they were caft uway wuh a cau.e, ^ K U I' <\ ; but thnfc who pretcm? veiled in ihtir liiltory, »>.ll way : " Tlit Grcukiaml ilic ■' thevi " f'frKcl on, during ■Ki, H i:onfiJt:r.iblc iraile, m»i IViik S«.\, but on lilt Cal- ,c ciri»iiily aciuainttJ wuU mtriud in tliuc iiuKintain% iluv ilitw. lod jb well rillid as plain ; I'a'jres, .,il, anj Icvtral articles in gnld fur c\prt of th( ir corn, chicliv l^r lappurt to the laic iTiaiiuVn.'tui*es, winch are much in Tuikey, I'trfia, and the Cri- !iey iiie i^eiieruUy in ^yiod cir- us.and are ;i qui.-t iiioffenlive peo- hig;i- » " Wir i/.A CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microieproductions hirtoriques ' ■ ^*?g!gg-i:t; ' ^'" y? ' ^ ^ r^ rf^^''^'^'*^ K U K. eJ on the river Inn, 46 ""'" S. by E. of Munich. Lon. .2. s. f '^t- 47- i^;- N-. Kl'R, a rivtrot" Pcrf.a, \vluth ntcs iii mouiu CaucHlus, and, pulluig by Tcfflis, falls into tlie Calpiau Stii. KuKAU, a sown ot Tcrfia, c.ipital of the province of Kekar, two milci. fr^m the Cafpian Sl*. Lon. 50. 15. E. U. 37. ^ Kurgan, a river of Pcrfu, which has its lourcc in the province ot Korafan, anJ fills intoihc Cafpian Sea. ■* KcKiLts, u chain ot iflands, extend- ing fromlat. ^.. 104;. N. u.nmng trom the fouthcrn proni..nt(,ry of Kauitloliatka tojspan, in a S. VV. aueaion JUc ,n- habiiinti of the neighbourhood of P-opat- ka woo wert themivlves caliLd Kuriks, tave thele lOands the fame name, as loon a-, thcv boame an)uaintfd wiili them. Spanbvrji favs they are 22 iii number, t-'X. tUifivc , humane race of people, and excelling t.ieir K,.mtlcliadale neii;,hbours, not leis in the f.,rmationof theh bodies, than m docility ana ciuicknef. of underftaudir.g. Thouiih Ooll.eiheer is the fomhernmoa i.land that the Rullians have vet broui'ht under their dominion, yet they trade to Ooroop, whicn is the eighteenth ; and, acc.idmg to their accounts; the onlv one where tliere is a good harbour for (liips of burden. B- yond this, to the S. lies ^adee^fda, vhich was reprefented bv the Ruliinns, as inhabited by a rsce of men remdrkably hairy, and who, like thofe of Ooroop, hve in a ftate of entire independence. Span- be rt; places thiiillar.d in 43- 'C- N. lati- tude, and mentions his having watered upon it ; and that this watering party Iruught off eight of the nati-es ; ot whom L A ii ~ he relates the following clrcumAances : that their bodies were covered all over with hair ; that they wore a loolc ttripcd filk gown, reaching as low as their ankles 1 and that fome of them had lilver ring* nerdent from the ears; that on Ipying a live cock on deck, they fell on their knee* before It ; and lil.ewife, before the pre- fents tliat were brought out to tb.eni, dol- ing and Itrctchine forth their hands, and bowmg their heads, at the lame time, down to the gnund ; that, except the pe- cuharity of their hairinefs, they refembled the othir Kurile idaiider. m their Icaturct and figures, and fp ke the fame language. In the lame d-.uaion, hut inclining lome- nhat more to the welhvard, he a group of ifiands, which the Jap..nefe call Je(o ; a name which they alio give to the whole thain of ilUnds between Kamifchatka and Japan. The foutiurnmoll , <■ died Matmai. Iwi been lo.ig fui'jedl to the Japanele, and is fortified on the lido towurd the continent. The i.wn illands to the N. K. of jVla'niai, Kunaci'.ir and Zellany, and lillewhre the ihree UiUfarther to the N. E. called the Three Silicrs, are perietUy in- dependent, c 1 P ir Kt Rs-K, a governnicin rl the Kuili- an empire, formerly pan of tliat of IJinl- gorod. Its cip':.:!, of th.e f.ii.e name, 1* feated on .the Tukor, which tails into the Zc Tit or S-m. KuTi £.. iiKiu;, a town of Bohemia, re- markable for its f.lvtr mines, in a neigh- bouring mountain; 3; miles S. L. of Pra^'ue. Lon. 15. 37. F.. lat. .><). 56. N. Kvi.BURti, a town ot Genr.anv.in the tledtoratc of Trcv, s, feateil on the river Kyi', 16 miles N. W. of Treves. Lon. 6. 37. K. lat. 50. i.N. KvNF.TON', a vUlagc in Somtrfetfhire, on the N. t. liie of Somerton. It is naturally paved, fur half a mile, with one fniooth uroad rock, which looks like iwe. LAA, L AAB, or Lahab, a town of J Germany, in Auliria, fea;td on the river Teya, 27 miles N. W. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 9. E. lav. 4S. 4^- N. Labadia, a firong town (f Italy, in the peninfuia of RovIl'o, fu'tiji.rt to the Ve- netiins. It is feated on the river Adige, ;o ilcs N. \V. of Fcrrara. Lon. 11. 54. E. lat. 45. 39. N. Labia, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Servia, 6i miles S. \V. of NilTa. Labiau, a town of Wc(\ein Pruffia, at the mouth of the river Deime, nearCu- lifchhafT, L A B I, A D rirdiV.iff.Vitlt n llrong cafllc ; %o miles N. E. of Koniiij;!berg. Lon. 11.40. R. lat. 54- ^7. N. l.AKOliRP, n territ- included in iht ilLp,irunciu of the Lower Pvrdcii. LAKHAri'R, one nf thriiprr'' of the vaft countries that farr< und Hudl-n's Bay, in >'. America. The tlimate, even shunt Haye"; River, in ctily ht. v,'''^ '^'- 'j' «^- celhvcly cold durinp winter. The Triows bepiti to faU in Ott.jbcr; and CKiitinue tdil- ing, »y inttrvdi., the \vli(ilc v inttr ; and, vheii the frcAi is moti ri^r.r.nis, in form of (he tincil fi.-.id. The ice on ihe rivers is x.')iht feet thiek. Tort v. iric frce7.ei in a (olid mafs ; brandy coagidatts. The Terv breath falls on the hlankets of a bed in the form of a honr-troft. Tiie 'tin r;(is in the fliortcll day at five minntes part nine, fets five minutes hefrre three. In the InnKtft. it rifcs at thr:e, lind fctsah 'Ut nine. "The ice begins to dilappcar in Mav ; and, alxiut the middle of June, coinmtnces h(,c weatlier, which, at times, is fjviolent. as tofcorch the faces of the hunt- ers. Thunder is not free -ent, but very violent. Bnt there murt 1... a great dif- ference of heat and cold in this vaft extent, \vhich4-euch.?s from In. i;o. 40. t.. lat. 63. H. Mock funs and hsios are not un'"rc- cuert : thev; are very brigh.r, and ricldy ^ tttii-cd -.viih'all the coioiirs of the rainbow. * The fnn lies and lets with a large cone t.f T'.U^'-^'i'li ''fi'-- The nii:ht is (nlivca- etl'm-the aur ira hneVis, wl'.ich fii".;-'d<: a th'iuf.md diiferent lights and cofnus over the whole concave of -.he Iky, not to be tcl'pied even by tlte fp;endi>ur of the full m-nn, i!)d the liars of a fieiy rcd- Bcfs. The r.nimi.h tn thcfc countries, are m.riedeers, Aaus, rain-.-tcrs, bears, tigers, buTaloes, wclvf..' T.xcr,, beavers, otters, lynxes, maruns, rquirreli. erir.incs, wild- 13-F, and hares. The feathered kinds ara gffre. but! ard.. ducks, parti ■K.cs, and all kir.d- rf wild. fowl. The M Hi pre, whales, morfj'. fcals rodnfl., and a white filh prefsrehk to hTtin;-.- ; and, in their rivers ard fvelh waters, ptkc , perch, carp, and trour. All ihevinter, and every f.,t of hevtc, ard moft of their fowls, " of the coi. ur of the fuo.v ; every 9 are delberg. Lon. 8. 41- E- '■"• 49- 3°- N. Lahoga, a h.ke in Ruiha, littiatcd between the gulf of Finland and the lake of Onega. It is i i;o mites long, and 90 broad, 'and is cfteemed to be the largeft lake in Europe. Among the hdi \v_ith v\hich it jbiurds, are feals. It is full of nuicl- land-., which, being moved from place to pUee, bv the frequent ftorms to which it is fuojea, caufe leveral (helves along its couvfc, which often prove fatal to the Hat-b ittnnied velTels of the Ruliians. This iiiductd Peter the Great to caule a canal to be cut from the S. W- extremity or ihii lake t , the river Neva, by w hich it has a communication with the gulf of Finland. It was begun in 17 '^1 ''"J "' nilhcd in 1731; and is 67 miles long, and 70 feet linad. . , n /• • Ladoga, Nkw, a town in the Kul- fnn government of St. Peterftnirgh, fcated on the river Volkhof, between the lake and the canal of Lad ga. It is 70 miles E of St. Peterfburi^li. Lnn. 30 31. L. lit. 60. o. N. Old Ladoga, an incon- fiderable place, is higher up the \ olkhof . Ladoona, or Lackdoona, a town of the kingdom of Nap'^'S '^ '*'^ ^ '"'^'"P * It is 60 miles L. of Naples. Lon. . 4f.. E, lat. 41- '-N. LAtii-oNKlbLANi>s, iflands of the N. r.i:.;ric Occan, about iXor miles R. of Can- ton in China. Th'V are about 11 in rum- b-r exd'ifive cf the lin-iU diets and rocks 1. in., in about 140" E. len. and between , I'-'lmd .'S^- N. l.ir. Thev were difcover- ,d hv Migd'an, in i5J>- H*^ touched fi,a ai the i lino of Guam, where the 01- tivcs Hole fv.roe of nis goods, which cau'ed htro fe. I, A D ,iiii1 inanimate is vvliite. rpnfng phcnoiiicnon. But [lore fuipnfing, and cue of ing thi-,gs tliat craws rlie vc to an adn.ir.uicn of the j;n'.iiin:rs.of Proviilcmrc, is, .srnl cats htm Kiitain, tliat iricd ml*; H'.ic1ft';-.'s Bay, on (,f winter, hive changed ince, and a((]tiircd a mucl\ •, and thici , a li.ke in Ruiha, littiatcd gulf of Finland and the lake It is 150 miles long, and 90 is cftcemtd to be the lavgeft ri.pc. Among the fidi with ).,ur,ds, arc feaU. It is full d-,, which, being moved from ce, by the frequent ftorms to fu.ijefl, caufe fcvcral (helves nuCc, which often prove fatal 1 ittnnied velTeK of the Ruliians. d Peter the Great to caulc a cut from ilie S. W. extremity t I the river Neva, by which it i.minication with the gulf of ,t was hegun in 17'^) ''"J f"" 173; ; andi is 67 miles bag, : broad. GA, Nkw, a town in the Ruf- iment of St. Paerflnirgh, fcated er Volkhof, between the lake ih1 of Lad ga It IS 70 miles Pcterlburfli. Lon. 30 31. E. . N. Old' Ladoga, an incon- lacc, is higher up the Volkhof. NA, or LackdOONA, a town ^dom of Nap'es, 'a it!i a bilhop's ' 60 miles K. of Naples. Lon. lilt. 41- i-N. )NK IbLANi's, iflands of the N. can, about 1800 miles E. of Can- ina. T'o'V are about 11 in num- !ive cf Mic lim'.l iftets and rocks idout 140" E. lun. and lietween s^- N. lat. They were difcover- [Aird'an, in 152 1. He touched - i'ian>l of G.Kim, where the na- fv.roe of 1113 goods, which cau'ed hm» prnvince famous Benediftine abbcV- It is featcd on the river Marne, 15 miles E. of Paris. LotV. .. 45 E. lat. ^S. ,^, N. ^^^^^^^^ ._^ ^^_ Pr;;[;-;:i;nmded on the W. by Candahar, he Eni'lilh on the N bv Calliniere, on th.- 1'-. t'y si- 310 N. bv \V. of Agra. Lon. 73. 45. E. lat. 3'- >v>'- . . „. , a Lahoiik, a province in Hi'ulo'ltan Lasos. a feap-^rt gaive, with a caillc. Heit t fleets bound to the Stnit., uluallv take in frelh water. Near t!)is town is Capt \j-\- gos, near which, in 17 ;9. admiral Hn(- cawcn defeated a French tlttt commanded by M. de U Clue. It is 120 miles S. E. of Lifbon. Lon. 8. 3 ?• W. lat. 37- i- N. Lacuna, a handfome to-vn of the idand of Ttneriff, one of the Canaries. The fi;overnor has a pahce here, but ge- neralFy refides at Santa Cru/,. Tlic like from which it has been fuppofed to derive its name, is now a very inronf.derablc piece of water. Lon. 16. 13. W. lat. 28. 30. N. Lagunf.s of VKVicF,the marines or lakes in Italy, on which ■^'^e;-',ice is fea'ed. Thcv communicate with the lea, ar.tl are the iecurity of the city. There are about 60 iflands in thele Lagunes, which toge- ther make a biftiop's fee. Etirano is the moft confiderable, next to tUo'.t on which rinagur and D^liii, and on the S. by Mo'.iltan. It is rftencr ralltd Panjib. It isvery extennvt ,ii;d remarkably ttrtile ; affording, m addition to all the neccirarie* of life, wine, lugars, and cotton wo' 1. la the tr.ift iietwcen the Indus and the Ciie- lum are I'alt mires, wonderfully produc- tive, and affording fragments of nek fait, hard enough 'o bj formed into vtflels tc. G Id, acc'-rdln;: to vhe Ayin Acbarec, was found in ibe clnnneU '^f i's river---. ^ LaINDOS VliM.';. SceLANGI>'V. Laino, a town of the kingdom of Naples, near a river of the fame name. Lon. 16. II. E. bit. 40. 4. N. Lai.anp, a frndl i.land of D?nmark, in tiie Haltic, lying S. of Zeal nd, fr-m which it is Irparattd by a narrow cbaflncl. It is fertile iii ccrn, v/ith which it hipohcs Co;;ct.hagen. Naxkow is the capital. LambaiEj a town of France-, in the d late depattmeiit of the North Coal and e province of Br-.-r igne. It is the chief t own Venice ftands. „^r 5 H£rtft models, ' bur LAN LAN V,..f to every kin.! of architeaural orna- , ll?r. Ilk. wife are cxtenl.ve via«- ^'ndl u -iuwine.w--^k..nciap.- I AMIK.RN, a jcateei on a rivet rr;':!c'Se 'which taa,..o..c SrN.bvW.;.niungcrfoK^.-d6. VV.of Loiulon. Lon. i. j6- W. m. ,i. ^"L^MKr.o.a town of rortugal, in Beira wia'abHhup'slcc. andaftrongatadd. 7t is 50 nnUs N. of Liflou. Lon. 7- 30- ^VrMvrKKM.u;. amounuinousridgc ;„ ScotUu.l. which divides the county of BerlTck -m tbu of Haddington for EeTo miles-. Thefc mour.tam. are, in te^ra very bleak and barren, covered tare for the (hcep that teed on them. ^.utrril.U . th/n>oft elevated of thts ■ "t AMO, a kincdom and Iflandof Africa, en the coaa of Melinda, between the 'a T^f P.,te and Ci.pe Formofa. Its Stal ot-tu an" name^ is well fortified. The ku g and government, bemg Maho Ltans, 're frc^-tly ^VrJre'^.at reft of the inhabitants, who are 1 agans. 1 L the kinc of this iOand was be- l^ad l"b ti'e lortugucfe. His crime Sther L\ or pretended, was h-s hav.ng balcly betrayed the governor of the coa . Forthis he 'was feized, wuh four of h.s Mahometan fubjeas, in his own capital and carried to Pare, where they ^-[^^ ?\'^';' Jf executed, in the prefcnce of .he king ot_ T ■It execiitec , mine )m>..w..^. -- --- . " . ^rlfland. and of tevera petty kings the neiirbbouving ifl.mds ; ever UnvC which Lamo hal been tnbuury to the ''tr^^os.. a (mail iflandof Africa otithecoaft of Tunis, ab.mt .2 m^es m crrclference. It is 50 n,des ^o- Tun , and III from Malta. It is defert, bu. 1. s Tgood harbour, where (hips water. Lon. "i^JVs^cc^:CScicnt and ^^ town of Afia, In Natoha, wi.h a Ore k archbilhop's lee. 1. '^«°^^,^"'"""':;t / able place, and is leated on the lea of ... ■ - xnora, iU mdcs from tno Dard.ncU.. LANCASH.UF, a coumy of England. bounded on the N. X'^^J^^'J'-^^^J ^Weftmorland, on the E. by \"^k(h.re cathe S. by CheOtirc. and on he W by the ItUh Sea. It is 74 m'^" from nouh to- n^th (indofing a detachrd hundre. on the nurthwdl, called Furnels wlucl is feparatcd from tb. reft bv a ercc^, at the head of Morctambe Bay), and us grcatcft breadih from eaft to welt s 4^ miles. It is divided into fix hundred., cont.dmng z7 maiket-town.s.. and 65 pa- rilhesi andfrnds .4 >^^''^»^"'* *" f^^ ', c meiit. It is a county -palatine, i.udei tl t title of the Duchy of Lancarter ; the only duchy of England (th,U of Cornwall ex. cepte^) which ,s not merely t.tnlar. 1 he air, in gene, a!, is very heahhful, th. n- habitants hvmg to V g-""^, ,=».f " . r''"' county compn'.cs a variety of foil and face of country ; but, upon the whole, it is one of thofe which are the leaft favoured by nature ; a proof of which ,s the ancient thinnels of xu population, (liown by the very fmall number of pan (hes into which it is divided. The hundred of Furnefsis a wild and rugged region. '^°J«'^;\' ^ quantities of iron ore and flare, and covered with a growth of underwood, which is r_ut in i-ucceUion, and made '"to clmcoal for the ule of the iron furnaces. The eaftern part of the cnunty, between the Kibble and the Merfey, comprifing the ancient forefts of Wyrefdale and Bowland, s mountainous and generally »«^^^«" i^^°; ; the fouthern part of the tratt betweui thefe two rivers is flat, quite from the fea to the commencement of the ri^.^c called Blackfton-edge, that leparates the county from Yorklhire. Much of Ji^ is a fertile country, thotigh_ occafionally deformed by the black turt bogs here called moffes; fome of Nvh.ch are of large extent, and abfolutely impaffablc in we feafons. In the iiorth^alt part of this divifion are fome lofty hills, the moft noted ofwhichisPcndleHiU. T'- ^^^-'"S part is varied with hill, dale, and moor. W natural produfts of this county are of little confciuence. except the coal and turf with which its fouthern parts abound. Of the former is a fpccies, called cannel, far exceeding all other, not only in making a clear hre, but for b»in.^ capable of bc- ine m.rnufaauvtd into candlefticks, cup,, ftandifhes, fnuft-boxes, &c. and of beir^ p(,lilhcd. fo as to reprelent a beautiful black marble. Lancaflnre is-htile adapted f„r a corn country, not only, in "lany Vart5, from the nature o^'irs fo. , but from "tbe remarkable wetne!s of its cumatc, oc- caf.oned by the f.'equtnt clouds, which, m their paflTage firm the wellern lea, ar. here Lft lopped by the iiilrmd rige of hilis : the land, ho'vever, is fingularW h - ted to the growth of the potatoc. All the nvcvsaliordfaln.ouia;.da'.cMer^ft!^.^ LAN T LAN IndoRns a detschrd hundrt.! tluvcrt, called Furnds wlnrli from th.: rci\ 1>V A trce.i, at of Morecambe Bay). i»f"* '" cadiW from e*a m welt is 4^ is divided into fix hundretl;, ^^ market-t-jwr.i., and 65 p- d Onds 14 mcmhcrs to narlu- i-i J county -palatine, liiidcv tlic ■ Duchy of Lancurtcr ; the only England (that of CornwalUx- hich IS not merely titnlar. inc u-.a!, is very healthful, tUyn- livmg to a great age. Uns mpiifcs a variety of fodind face r ; hut, upon the whole, it is one ,hich are the leaR favoured by I proof of which is the ancient of ito population, (liownby the II number of parilhes into which led. The hundred of Furnefs is nd rusged region, ftored %vith 5 of iron ore and aatc, and covered ■owth of underwood, which is cut iinn, and made into charcoal for I the iron furnaces. The eaftem the county, between the Ribble Mtrfev, cnmprifing the ancient of Wy'refdale and Bowland, is nous and generally harren ; baj hern part of the traft bet wee. i ,0 rivers is flat, quite trom the the commencement of the ridgc llackfton-edge, that feparates the from Yorklhire. Much of this rtile country, though occafionally ■A by the black turf bogs, here wffes ; fome of which are of large and ablolutely impaffHblc in wet In the i.orthjaft part of this are lome lofty hills, the moft noted ^h is Pcndle Hill. The remaming varied with hid, dale, and moor, natural produfts of this county arc ; conlc(,aence, except the coal and ith which its fouthern parts aboun.l. ' former is a fpccies, called cannel, •tedinir all other, not only in making - tire, but for b*in^:; capable of bc- Lmufafturtd into candlefticks, cupr, lies, fnuff-boxes, &c. and of being fo as to reprclent a beautiful marble. Lancall.ire is'licile adapted corn country, not onlv, m many from the nature of its toil, but from :markabk wetncfs of its climate, oc- K.lby the frequent clouds, which, m paffage from the wcrtern fea, aro firft flopped by the inhnd ridge of : the land, ho'vever, is fmgularlv u- tho rrowth of the potatoc. A 1 the vifited by annual llioaU of fmelt', here called Iparliugs, of n m.irkable !i/e and ti.ivoiir. As a cninmcrcial and manulae- turiiii^ county, Limalhiru is diniiiguidied beyc^iid any other 111 the kingdom, lis principal niauufafturcs are linen, lilk, and cotton go, i^c. Of ihe rommerce of this county, it iii..y luflite to oblerve, that Liverpool is the fecond port in the kin;;- dom. The principal rivers are the Mer- fev, Irwell, Ribbic, Lon, I.cven, Wvre, Hodder, Roche, Duddon, Winlter, Ken, and Calder, and it has two cnfidcrahle lakes, VVinander Mere and Conidoa \Va- ur. Lancafier is the county -town. LaNv" AS It: 11, the county-town of Lan- cafiiirc, governed liy a mayor, recorder, fevcn aldermen, ."^c. It feiids two mem- bers to parliament; isan ancient, well-built, and populous town ; ami is Icated on the river Lon, which here forms a port fir vefl'els of moderate bunlcn, and over which is a handioiiie ftone bridge of five arches. It h.as but one church, on the fide of a lull, on the fuinmit of which is the caftle. ferv- ingl)oth as the ihire-houl'e and ilie county- gaol. On the top of tiiis calilc is a fquare tower, calkd John of Cunt's Cuuir, whence rhure is a line proipedt of the msuntaiiis of Cum'oerh.tid, and of the courfe of the Lon ; the view toward the lea, extending to the llle of Man. The townhall is a handlome ftrurture. Lan- caftcr carries on a confiderable trade, elpc- 4;ially to the Wtl\ Indies ; and is noted for th« making of mahor;any cabinet ware. It is fis' miles S. of Carilfle, and 135 N. N. W. London. Lon. :. s'J- VV. iii. 54. 4- >•• , , •"■ L A N c \ s T K K , the county - 'ow n ot a county of the fame name, in P-iu.fv'- vania. I'.s trade is already large, and irufi incrcafe in prnporti^'n as the furroundmg country populates. Befide its churches, and other public buildings, it con rain •■ so elegant coiirihoufe, and a ccllege founded in 17S7, and named FrankliM College, af- ter the late celebrated Dr. Franklin. The truftees of this liberal inllitution confill of an equal number of Luti'.trans, Calvinifis, and members of the Church of Knglmd. The principal is a Lutheran, and the vice- principal a Calvinift. Lancaiter is ieaied on the Conellogu Creek, near the river Sufquehannah, 66 miles \V. by N.of Tlii- ladelptiia. Lanl'EROTA, one of the Canary Iflcs. It is very high, and may be dilcovered at » ^reat d'htarrce. It is about 1 5 mue* long L A N RTil lobro.u!. Lf'U. i,?. 16. W. !:it. 2^ H.N. LASrr^vo, a crnluli' town of the kiiu iloiii of Naples, with an archbi- fhop's let. It is famous for its fairs, whith .ire held ill J>,!v and Auf.'i!ll. It i-. fe.itcd tm the river I'elnino, near tiiat of Sangro, S7 iiu'i.s N. li.of Naples. Lon. 14. f,o. E. l.it. 41, i**. N. LasM)\I!', a very fmdl and mean pi ice of Gl.unor;;an!liire. in"^. Wales, but li.inoured "'uh the appelbtion of a aty, on account of 11, h-ing iin j-piie.ipal lee. It it feated on an afcenr, on the river Tiafc, near Caulirt'i but the cathedral, a iiiy.a ftateiv buiUli'HN ftands on l')W ground. It i, v^iniles N."\V. of Briliol, and i65 W. uf London. Lon. ^ iS. W. Ut. 5 i. 33. N. I.ASDAi', an ancient, hmdlome, and rtront' townof Geriiianv, in the p.ilatiiute of the Rhiiv. It whs fcrmerly iinpcrial, hut was ced>.d to the French by the treaty of Munlter. It is {\:'.eA on the Q^icich, nine miles S. of Neidt.idt, and zto E. of r.iris. Lon. 8. i:. K.lat. ^'). iz.N. La'.iu.n, a town of Aulinan Urahant, famous for a battle gained by the French ovcrthe Allies, in July 169?. Near ir, like- uile, was fought a decilive hittle, March iS, i':'g3, between the Aullrians ami I'rcnrh, bv which the latter were fooa compelled to evacuate all the Aii(triaT\ Netherlands. Landen is feated on the river Beck, 17 milts N. W. of lluy, and iSN. E, of NaiTiur. Lon. ;. 5.E. lat. 51. 41. N. See Ni.KKWisnK.v. L ANUF, r, NT ^f, a town of France, in the department of Finillerrc and l.tle pro- vince of J^retagnc, feated on the river lilliorn, 16 miles N. E. of Breft. Lon +. ;o. W. lat, 4*<. 1^. N. L A N !) F.s, i< dcpartnienr of France, inchi-l- ing the late ttrritory 01 M.irl m in (Jifco- nv. ]t takes if. name from a FoKF, a fort on the Sulfoik fiti--'l "" a" tmincncr. three miles fron B .fil- Lon. 7- J*- 1^- lat. *7. ^fc- ^• LtNi>scRooN. orL.vr.sci.oNA. a feaa..it of bw-d.n. in the pmvin.e ..t S.ncn. feared ..w!u.n,lncwi,hin the Sound, •-: miles N. nl Coi)enha£cn. Lon. iz. -.1 F.. lat. -,5. S2.N' ,„ La.sd's Rnii, a promontory of Corn- wall tliu moil ue-rtcrU' point of Crent Britain, and a va ' ^..rc,;a.e of mo.r- done. L n. V 40- W. l'"-.'!';-/'- N-. I ANi.srnur. a town ot Seiifn. ." the .luchv of Scliwei-loiu. feated on the river Zcider. ,1 miles W of Scliweuluit/.. . LANM.sci.ur, a town of Gerimny, m I ower niv.iri,., with a ttrnni; caftle, on an adjacent liil!. I' '^ <:-;|'-' /^" »''« '^'^'^■^ Kcr. 3,milcsN. F-.ofMunich. Lon. .z. to E. ht. 4S. ■JO. N. . . LANi.sc.ur.atownofMorsvin.fcar. edon the river Morava. on the conhnes of Hiinearv and Auftrn. LfNDsi'Enc;, a. c.vn of Germany, m the circle of Upper Saxonv. and in the :,tcr of Brailienbur,. 'V^ -^ - the river Wavta, , . miles N. F. of Franc fort on thp Oder. Lon. .5. lo- fc"'-''- >^- '"i^NDSPFRf^, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavui.i , 'eated near the river 1 cch 2^ mile. S. of Aiis(hiirg. . LavkRK, . b.r.,u,h of Scotland, m - Lanerklhire, fea.ed on the r.ver Clyde, .0 n^iles S. E. of Glatgow. Lon. 3. 49- W. '\\';4.hV^sh,RK. a countv of Scotland, bound d on the N. hy Dumbartonfh.re ; on the R.hv the counties of Stirling. L.n- Uht^.%Jmburgh.andPecbes;onthe S bv Dumfricsihiie ; and on tn. \/. by the Lies '(Ayr and Retifrew. Its ex- nt omiN.toS. i..about4om.Kand this convey is generally called CKdeldale. See CLVDESDA1.K. .„ * LANGOON, the name of two pan(hc • T?ir.v conti>'uovis to each other, in the LAN S. \V. the traveller is aftnniftied at the del'cent befr)re him. which exhibits a very beaiitit'oi and extenfive valley, wiili a vicvV of L .nd.n to the right •. the Tlnmei windim; thmuch the valUy. wi-h the (hips failing op and down, the view ex- I ^.nmonlv called Laindon Hills, was once fu Si to be the higheft groui.d m IvJex, fi^onafi.rvey.itwasfoundnmtobelo WU asDanbu^y. T^e alcent on d,e N fideUeafyibutoiithefouth, S. E. and tending to ihe left b. yond the M.dway, and boinided in front by the hilh of Kent. Lringdon HilU are ii miles E. by N. of I.' ndon. Lanc, KAC, a town of France, in the dniartment ' I LANr.ELAND, an ifiand of DenmarK, in the Baltic, in the Orait tailed the Great Belt. It produces plenty of corn, and the principal town is llutcoping. Lon. u. O.K. lat. ts. 4- N. , LanchoNE, a large, rich and flrong to.vn of Alia, capital of the kirjgdom of Laos, with a magnificent r. yal V'^}^^^' featcd on a fmall rive-, 140 mi'es S. h. ot Ava. Lon. 101. .5. E. lat. 11 ,^--^- Lanoon, atown of France, in thede- partmcnt of Gironde and late province of Guienne. It is noted for c .cellent wme, and is featcd on the river Garonne, 15 miles N.of Bazas. Lon. o. 10. W. lat.44. J! N Langfort, a town in Somcrfetftiire, with a market on Saturday. It is featcd on a hill, on the river I'arrct, which is na- vigible for barges to Rridgewater. It is ,0 miles S.E. of Bridgewater, and ,28 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. o. VV. lat. CI. o. N. r I I •• LAN ORES, an ancient and confide'rabie town of France, in the department of Up- per Mariie and late province of Cham- mune, with a billiops's lee. The cutlery wares made here are in high efttem. It is feated on a mountain, near the fources of the river Mariie. This town is though to (land the higbeft of any in France ; and the proipeft from the toxvcrs of the prin- cipal church is beyond conception. It is A miles N. E. of Dijon, and 100 S. hy t. ofRheims. Lon. ?.24.E.h-. 4J- ^^•N• LANGDEDOC.alatcnrovlnccot^•rancL, bQi.ndcd -n the N. bv Querci, R«"^J^"f' Auverene, and Lyonois ; on the K. oy D.uphiny and Provence ; on the W- by GaicLy^-l""^^"=\''y"^'^'trs ranean and RoufliUon. It was 2: 5 "^'J" in length, and .00 ia breadth, ^wg^ LAN ravellcr it inoniftied at the hiin, which exhiMt-i a very cxtdifivc vallty, witli a view 1 tiic riglit ; rhc TInmcs 'Uj;h the valUy, wirh the |i iikI itiHvn , the view ex- it lift bi yond tht Midway, in front hy tlie hill- of i;d'iii Hills are ii milcb E. by , n town pf France, in the •if Ciiitiil aiul laic pr.ivince fi.iied near the nver AHier, lins, 17 miksE.o("St. Flour, . lit. 4 = - 5- N. s, :ui aiititnt town of France, tmint of linlie and f,oir£ and ; (if ToUr:ii':C, I'nce f,tin"lis fur t nu Iniii. It IS featcd on the lilts \\'. of Tours. Lon. o. 7. :ft. N. AND, an Ifiand of Denmark, :, in the Orait called the Great ■oducesjilenty of cum, and the wn is Rutcoping. Lon. ii. 4. N. SE, a large, ricli and ftrong (ia. capital of the kingdom of a magnificent r. yal palate, fmall rive-, 140 mi'es S. E. of J. 101. I?. E. !at. ii iJ. N. M, a town of France , in thedc- f Girnndc and latr province of It is noted for c .ctllent wine, cd on the river G.ironnc, 15 Bazas. Lon. o. 10. W. lat.44, OUT, a town in Somerfttfhire, rket on Sitiirday. It is featcd m the river I'arret, which is na- baiges til Rridgewatcr. It is 5. E. of Bridgewater, and 128 of London. Lon. 3. o. W. N. KS, an ancient and confiderahie •ance, in the department of Up- : and late province of Cham- th a bifliops's fee. The cutlery Ic here are in high cfttem. It is I mountain, near the fources of Mariie. This town is thought e higi'cft of any in France; and £V from the towers o( the prin- eh is beyond conception. It is 4. E. of Dijon, and 100 S. Hy E. i. Lon. ';.24- E. h". 47. <,2.N. J E DOC, a late province of France, »n tlie N. bv Qutrci, Ronertue, ;, and Lyonois ; on the E. by r and Provence ; on the W. by and on the S. by the Mcditcr- d Rouffillon. It was 1:5 miles i, and 100 itt breadth, where broadcft. L AHF LAP br.iadeft. The clert;y were more rich and Snow. ThcCr Aljjs cotrpofe the fummit iiiwncrous here thrin i;i .my othnr p.irt of cf rh.it cluin of mount litis ciled .Sevirnoi, Fnucc, there having been hi lore ihe re- wivAv dieiiilry toward tiie K and S. ccn- volutuui, three arcliiii.hopi an ilie (o'.itlicrn dividon of tliis r^unrr;-, now imliidcii ill the dtpirtmcius of Audc, wiiirli is the lar;;clf ; Rullian Lapl Hid •» .v, a town of f'ince, in the Liplaiid, wliich is the finallcll divUion, dtpartMRiit of the Nortii ("uil and hre e\iei)d) the i.l^iile length of that cliani of pioviiKc of Bierigiic. If^ ti-ade conri<1s liigh tnounrains, on tficir nort tm lide. ill wine and hemp, and >' nas foiiic mineral The L iplanri.rs a:e of ^ niiddiir.; Ilature. w.irci'j. The inii I'jiti'Ms uf Lau'on, Gum- Tluv hav.. tientirtili' a fl.ittiih f icc, falirn eaiiip, and the tnvi'.ons, tpeak the Welih cheek?, fl.iik grev eyes, thin h^ ard, brow a uni.uarc, which w.i-> proDablv brought bair, arc liout, Itraigtit, and of a veil ivifh hitiur by tlip Britoiir, who tuok refuge in cumplc-cion. occaii ned Liy the v either, theft pirts , in the iilili century. L.ioioii i- ' dividual a proper name. Tlicy cal'lrafe the luperriiiMis males by cruihing the tcf- tu.le with their teeih: fiich raiiideer are alcir, tame, large, Urong.Ind handfume ; urich addicted to wo:ncn. Their prinei- jvd occupation is tilling the (around, and billing. Tile king is abfolute, aiid^ias no other law tha.i his own will. lie 'ihows h.i'.lelf but twice a year, and hiS a large revenue from clcpliants' rceth found in hi-; dominions. Their rcligicjn is much the f I'Tic as in China. Lanp;ione -.y the capital. Laplanp, a large country in tilt N. of on which account thcv 'ufe them f Europe, bounded on the N. by the North drauyht, and h.-ld tiicm in fiich ellimatf- •. Si a and the Frozen Ocean, on the E. liy that it is a comphment am.ong tiiem ta call ti'.e White Sea, on the S. by Sweden Lnid C'.ch other a g-.lt ra.r.dcer. Tlic Lapland ttie gulf of Bothnia, and on the W. by Nor fiihers, who ere aUu c;!!led Laolanrie-r* of wav. I is iituated between 69and75'of t' e wr < d'J, lieeaule in fu :'mer they dll.fni,e «lc <,f tlu' Ih.w an.l ..rrow. \V,i!. rtfpcAt 111 niakiiiL nets for ihc wnlvcs Kc. tl'*tv nmrt frr.iu. r.^lv I'-n'-fk tUi.ulny.ii Aithdiitr, am i.t..>y i.iums Ui. wi.h ihtin l.y tlKir ln..w.ll.ncs. wl^fh »'•.• very l.i.g, a"'l pf«>-i" '^^^'" ''"'" f.nkinK IM... liie Innw: bt-ars tl.^ y.nr- rail/ ii.'!"t, ai.d hnilh them wuli tiuaia. Ikfue l..,klMi< alur thur r:an>lct', tlu: fuluiv, and the chifc. the "umi .mpliV thi.iil.l.c'. in the cnnliriiai.-n <'t tli. ir tAm,c.,^vl„th ...tl'.ulr, liftUt.aiul uMnp..^. Thcv M> "iak>: lU'l!'.". '" ^'•'"^'' *''"^ Civc thi- form (,t';i caii.e ; h.u-iicU fi.i' ilw raintictr ; sil f-ns of Utrnrils m woxl, luch ai. Clips, bowU. cVc. whuh .nc lomc- tinus preiiiiy carved, (..metiirus oina- nunttd «itU li.ncs, bra's, or horn : it is the m.n-.\ buiinefs, hl.cwile, to l.ok iiftcr the kit.! .n. The cm; the women c .u\'X; in niahiiib lillierv, drvii'i' lull and meat, n-lkmi;: n.e r..-.n.!cLr. 'in:(;ini; cheefc, and tanr,in;.', ludes. Tl.cy pvqr.te the nerves otuc rair.dter in fuch a manner as to mike tnem fctvc for thrcl ; and draw bvah svire by the lulo of the horns of the raim cer picrccd,'in(\L:id of a drawing iivn. 1 hey embroider tl,eir cLiilics with Uafs wire, filver, iham gold, or wool, wh.cli th.y have the art of dvin^m-iU lorf, o; Choui,. Thefe peorle hvc in hnts mtiu h.nnol tents, coverui with briars, birk, hncn, turf, cuarfe cl di, felt, or rauKKcr fM.is ; and the door is of Alt, made Hkc two curt iina, xvhieh oput aiiiiKkr. Thev arc not aolc to ir.uui upti,;ht in thelc iui:s, but con- ftantU- fit upon their heels round -.lie lite. At night t'ncv lie A )Wn quite nailed ; an'', to Itiw-atc tiic apnrrn:ieiits, plr.ce cpngnt flicks at fmali dillanc.es. They cover themlelves with their clothes, an 1 in wm- ter put their feet into a fur U'li,;. i ne;r houlhaU furi.iture cun(i(\s of iro;i or cup- per kettles wond.n cup.;, bowls, fpoons, and fon,e;imes tin, or even filvtr b.i!irs : to theie may be laULd iheir implements of filhin,; and'liunti.ia;. That they may not be obliged to c'rry f»ich a numoer of thlnss with them in then- cxcurlioi.s, they build, at certain di:i..i.cci. in the .o- rcfts. liille huts made liRe piL'eon-houles, ■ ' of a tree cut I. A P mtde rf u.vrtntied Ikin, pointed, andfurncl up before i aMd.m winter, th.y jMit a iHle h \y in them. Their d.nihlet is made t,. lit their ll.ape, and open at the brealt ; r.vcr ihi- they wear a cl"te coat, wlio.e (kirt« teach down to the knt.s. and it is Uflened round them by a irithern tMr-lle, orn;.n.ented with plues ut tin or brals. To ihi^tjirdle ihev tie iheir knivev, their inlhiiiinn't for K"''"-' '"■'^' ?"■' ''"■"" l„„,!;inK ..pparaiu.. Tneir clothes aie u^M\v of fur, leather, r,r cUh ; always b.,rdered wiili fur, or cloth of diiicrrnt co- l-Mirs. I'heir c.p. are ulk-.d with lur. ,, mud at top, an i the four learn, adorned wrh hlU of a ditRrent colour. The Rul- ll.m Laplanders uenti illy border their c.ipi with ra-.lkins. The women wear hreedies, fiu.us, ilouM. is, and do'.e oats, like tho men ; but imir girdle is c in- n.only embroidered with brati wire. IJ- - Me ihele, thev ^veir K.irchiefs, a-d !.►- ,k,yment of tie aprons. m;.d. of '^''":;:;V;»'['^^:1,;:^"|^; rini'S on iheir f.nj,' rs and ear-rmj s to width thev foMUiinus han;; chains ot hi- ver, which pats iw.) ( r three limes rouml the neck. They loinetimes wear c.ips folded after the m inner of turbans ; ami fumetimcs caps to the ll^apc of the head ; but all are ornamenud wiih the em- bro'derv of brals wire, orViiii hd ot dit- fcrent colours. The r..ln>'.eer lupply the L.-bndel-i. svhh the ;,'» I'eft part of their prr.'vilums ; the ch.de a.ui the tiihery tar- ..id. the vel\ : hut the ileih ...f tne bear i-^ their moif delicate meat. They cat eveiy kiid of lilh, even the fea.dog i aS weil as nil forts of wild animals, not cxceiitmg bird, of prcv and carnivorous a"""'-^- Tiieir winter proviiions conhH ol llelli and lilh, both of which they eat ra'v. Thev i)ut the milk ply tlie Id's with tl'.i- ;,'!! I'tft ptrt of their lis ; the cli.de aad tlK; lilhcry f'.ir- e rcll : but the lltih '•( tbt bear i^ oif dtlicatc meat. They cat tveiy lilh, even the Ita.doj; ; as well as 5 of wild aniiiKilv, not cxcejjting jf prey and carnivorous anmiali. wiiiitr proviii^ns confill of flclli Ih, both of which thev cat vav. nit the iniik of the raindeer iii»o the a of that aniuul, and fo k'. it ; and when tluy want to ufc tl.cir milk, tlity chop off pieces with a :. The iealbnini; of their food is A fca-.lo'';<:, nnd l.dt, if they can get !iey in.'i-.e I'o'jpi of a Ibrt of chee'.c, is Vo KU, that it takes fiic on ap- a candle. Tiieir common drink ;cr, ioinevimcs mixed with milk : ■ i;i fcHrce wit'.i tlu.m ; but they are ond of ir. Their iwHt confidtrab'c is wiih tb.c K^.r-vvcyiaivi. Formerly ade was carried on in the way of ; but coin is now current amon;; Tlic bala.icc io always in favour t'f aplandcrs ; beeaufe they can furiiilh mcrchandifs in fl'.ins and furs, than uy (lour, ciotb., and hardware ii^cous. e money, wnicii they liave ti^^t iiTi- ;c occalion tor, they bury in the as well as their plate, and whatever, tluy t t A R LAV tl.cy tl'ink of value. Nor rven nt the Jt wn famoiij ai the rer.iienrr of Arliillei, )< nil if death do tlicv dtcl ire the (pot i^ii I liill retain', iti. .ineieiif name. It wlierc it is liidtkti. imagining tliat they f'«s y VV.ot' Athcnst tirtly lot't, btiTiiily is a rini-oach aiiionii; I. on. 21. 47. E. i.'.t. 19. 4S. M. thewomi.n. Tlicy arc ijcnc raliv delivcrcil I-ak is can, a province of I'ciln, wliicli without difficulty: the hull,.nd allilfs at lies N. of the iiilf of I'eiiu. ,.4r u t; the labour, and art'irds his wife the ne apit.i ctlFary help. TIilh- cradle is Cn, all, ltj;hr, L \KI! v ni n d ak, a feapoit of iliii. d made in tlic lliapc of a canoe point- ilofdiaii.l'rop.i, at tl;e incutli of the rivir (d at the two cxtrcmitie :ind 111 ti'.eir ind IS, Willi a harl.our capai .lo ni riCc ivint j lurnies, the woiiien carrv it at thi ir (lips of sot tons burden. Lon. 67. 3;.E Their wedd nj;^ arc kept at t he I 1 4. 44. N. mil, who is ilrcllcil in her bell Lauta. See Ahta. liianiur, and appears with her hc.id (]uit Lass A, n f,AH\>sA, ilic f.ipital of iiricover(d, vxhicli, at other time-., is never 'I'c country of tJitat 'I'hi'.jct, in Ana. It tile cul'iom withcitliir women .jrniaidens : the ftall is a kind fcf club- mi (s, to which each of the I'UtHs brinjjs meat and drink. Their diverlion, at weddiiU's and other iiicrrvmakiinv-. is the j^ame of fox and jjeeic : they wrertle, r.nd jump over a Hick ; and are fond of r.ivuu; grotel'que aceoiints of difTercnt adventures. 'I'hev likewise dance and fing. or rather howl in dild^rctable meariircs. The new-married P'.ii])le live with the woman' relations for the lirlf yeai ; at the end of which thev retire to ilicir own hut. The Laplanders bary their di a. N. La\ Ai.'((, 3 town of France, in the lUpanmenl 0; Toin and late prnvi;;ce of A u 1 Laiic ue» L A U I,»nCuHnr. Before the revoI'»»irtn If w»» a hiliior.'. Ii-e 5 :.na it Is (tau-l on the rivcr Asout, lo mtlc» N. ri. ot Touloule. Lon. l."ri. E. lit. 43- 40- N. l.v<\\ wiu a hitiidfome ;tnil ftrnnj- town otUcrmiuiv. m C^irnioh, with .ibill'^'pi fcr. an.U c.lUc. It ii Ici'-tcd -n ;. river of thf lame 1. .tn.', in which arc the lari'dl crawf.lh in Eumpc. 31 ii.ile^ S. 01 CU- rcnfurt, nn.l 1 ^5 S.hy W.ot Vienna. Loti. 14. n. K. hi. 4(<- »4- N- • . , Lavi.a, a town ol OiriTiany. in the biniopric ot Wur-vburg, il i|>'.l" i*- W. of W.utzburK'. I.on.q. 4^ b- '«»; *'^,' '*• "^^ I.AUi.m, a boroiijli of Scotland, iti Bcrwiv • '*'i,M'i)JKt.MK, a diftrift of Berwick- Ihire, in Scotland. It is fo called from tbe river Leader, whofe numc is Uippofcd to he a corruption «f Lauder. LAvn.K'. an aocint town of il'c kini'd..m of Naples, with a bilhop s lee-, 30 milts E. by N. of Naples, i-on. 15. <{■. E. l.u. 41. ■;. N. , LAVKt.T, or Lafelt, a village in t^c bilhopric of Liei^e, near ^I^eftrlcht, re- tnarkable U a battle gained here by the French in i*47- ,„„■., • u L.t^'RNiiAM, a town of Suftolk, with a marker on Tucfdiv. It is iVatcd on a branch of the rivcr Breton, and is a Up clothing town. Its church is one of the fineft "in ihe county : us fttcple is m7 feet high. It is 11 miles S. by K.ot St. Edmund's-Bury, and 6i N. K. of LoU- tJon. Lon. 0. 51. E. lat. ci. 3')- ^- . * Laver, the name of ihrc.- conni,'U- ous parifhes in ElTex, lyiny between Har- low Vnd Oni^ir. and dil^ini^uifhcd by ihe appcMations of H.gm, Mac-d ai-fn. and I ITTLF. In Hiijh Lav cr, that illiiftrious phi!ofophcr,1ohn Lokc, fpem the gre-ttcft part of the laft ten vears of bis life, at the ieat of lir Francis Mnlham, bart. Here hedi.d, in 1 70+, and was intcricd on the S fide, of the chtirchvard. under a bluf.K. marble irravcftone. Thefc parillKS are about 11 miles N. bv W. of Lond n. * L\tJrFEV,a finall vill;i<.'eof Swiller- bnd, in the canton of Zurich, about a ' ifaKUe froTi the town of SchatTivmlen. Here ir. a eekbrat-d cat.,raa of the khn.e ; the periicndicdl:..- hcii^ht of vhich Mr. Co>e th'.r.kj to be aboat 50 or to Uet, uid the breadth 300. . L^urr-^-N, a town of Germany, in the ,hu-hv of W'rtcm>-urf', C'ated on the river ^:ck-r, 10 tr.iks S. of Haiibron. Lon. 9. 2;. E. la!. "I- 3- ^' er^ LAUFFENauitc, aftron^townotOtr- L A U munv, in 'he cnelc of Suabit, »n.1 one of tlie four Fortlt- Towni, with « ciltlr. It hilofli't to the houle of Aultiia, and it fca*d on » rock, on the Rhine, which di- vid"> 11 in two parts, ft 11 17 mil" E- o( BhIiI. Lon. 8. 1. E. Ut 47- 35' N. I.AtCHTON.a village in the W. rn'in;; of Yorkfliire, on a hi);li hill, near Roth- Ah„ey. It has a chur.:n, whole tower and Ipirt, for delicacy and Jul* proporiion. »re not excelled by any Gnhic p;ece of the kind. 1 he hti,jht of the Uteplc i» i<)S fett ; and it i» letn, in foili* placet, at the Uiltancc of 63 miles. LAVKiNA, a town of Italv, in the teniiory of Oenoa. It lies on tlie E. fidf of Genoa, tinht miles from Riipnllo, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. LavinoioN, a town in Wilts, with a Cood market on VVednefduy, for corn and mail. It li. io miks N. W. of Salilbury, and 88 VV. by S. of London. Lon. ». 3. VV. Ut. s«. 13. N. LAUNfKsToN, a borough of Cornwall, with n market on S.iuirdiiy, hated on the river Tamar. It is the county-town, and hn"l a calUe, which is now l.i ruins ; ai.d a little without the town, (lands the old priory. It is t'^ miles N. of Plymouth, and 114 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 3c. W. hit. ^o. 40. N. L AUNi", a town of Bohemia, near Eqra, on the road from Le.phek to Prague, 1'eatcd in a territo.;- iboundiiii; in fine pal- tares and excellent fruits paiticularlv ap- ples, which are held in high ellcem. Lun. 14. to. E. lat. to. 21. N. Lavoro, Terra pi, a province cf the kini;dom of Naples ; bounded on the W. by'thc Canipagna of Rome and by Al)ru?zo Citeriorc 1 on the N. by AUui- 7.0 Citeriore and Mohfe -, and on W S. by the Principato Citeriore. It it 6 ? nnlt s in len;;th, and 35 in breadth ; and it is proper fortiUage, whence ittook its mime. It is fertile in excellent vines and fruus. There are alfo mineral fprin;;? and iiiines of fulphur ; and Mount Vefiivius fomc- times throws out torrents of that mineral. Naples is the capital. Lai's. ANNF,a lari^e, ancient, and hand- fomc trwn of Swiilcrland, cjpitrd ot the Pays de Vaud, in the canton of Bern, with a lamous college, and a biQiop's Itc. It cnr.tr.ins about 7000 iiihabitar.ts. It is built upon fiich a fticp alcent, that, in f'jmc pbcps, the horl'cs cannot, with- out grcit difficvilty, draw up a carrisi'C ; and foot-pairtni;ers al'ccnd to the uiritr part of the town by fteps. But tho convcnit.nc'.es are amply compenfati-.. ;-y the moll fubiimc views in nature, com- mauduu'- the lake of Geneva, the Pays "■ de L A U M ciicle of Susbti, ini one of itlt-Townj, with a i.ilHr. It t' r tidulc lit' Aiilliii, xnil it r')tk,"n the RUiiie, « Inch tli- wn pitrtk. fc It 17 milct 11. of n. «. 1. E. lit 47. jr N. I ON, a villajnf in the W. riilin;; c, on a hi|;h lull, near Roth- h.i4 i chur^n, whulc t'uver *i\i\ cicacy and julV pnipnrtinn, »re d by any Ci iihic pcfi" nf the e hti,^hc r'f the lUcpIc n >i)^ it it lc(.n, III loiiie placet, at the fto miles. NA, a town of Italv, in the Oenon. It lies on the I'', fulo iiv,ht miles from Rapallo, at the > river nf the fame name, o ION, a town in Wilts, with ^ tet on VVcdncI'dav. for corn and 1^ 10 mills N. W. of S.iiilbuiy, V. by S. of London. Lun. t, . s>. ij. N. ■KsTdN, a lioroiigh of Cornwall, uktt on Saturday, I'laied on the n.ir. It \i the eoun'v-town, and le, which is now 1.1 ruin^ ; anil ithtiut the town. Hands the old It is iS milcj N. of Plymouth, W, by S. of London. Loii, 4. lat. i;o. 40. N. i", a tow 11 of UohcTiiia, near Kgra, ro,id from LeiphcV. to Prague, a tcrritoi" iboundiiig ill fine paU I excellent fruits particiilarlv ap- ch arc held in higli ellcem. Lun. I. Ut. CO. II. N. iRo, Terra di, a province cf doni of Naples ; bounded on the the Campagna of Rome and liy Citeriore 1 on the N. by Abiir/- iore and Molife ; and on Ac S. rincipato Citcrinrc. It «• 6 ? miles 1, and 35 in breadth ; and it is ir tillage, whence it took its name. ;ile in excellent vines and fruit;, re alfo mineral fprimis and mines ur; and Mount V'efuviiis foinc- rows out torrents of that mineral, i tUc capital. ANNF, a lari^e, ancient, and hand- ,vn of Swidcrland, capital of the : Vdud, in the canton of Rem, amous college, and a bidiop's lee. .ins about 7000 inhabitants. Jt upon fuch a fticp alcent, that, places, the hprfes cannot, wilh« '.t difficulty, draw up a carrir.i'C ; t-palFcnj^ers afccnd to the uirief :hc town by fteps. But th^ .ncies arc amply compenfati.. ;,y t fubiimc views in nature, com- ^ the lake of Geneva, the Piiys dc LAX dc Vaud, and the riiajed coaft of Chib- lai<. The church, tlic tinMilioijf.', and other public btiildin);i, are in i|'niii(eiit i and It i» l« itcd i)ctwiin three hills, a iiitle frciii the Like of (Jenevi, \n oiilis N. F",. of Cicnesa, ard ^o S. W. of Hern. I. on. t. lo. K. fit. 4'). J I. N. Lat rti'-nuiii., a t iwn of EaHern Piiilh.i, in ilie palatinate uf Culm ; *<3 inil'-s N. I'",, nf riiorn,. Lau iKuruHfi, a tu'vn of Gertnanv, in the circle of the Ujipci I liine. on ilic fr'int'er" iif Ailacc, i'> miie< S. K. of Wtiilun'.iiir,;, and lubjti'l to tiic French. I.i>n. S. ift. k. lat. 4>(, 4S. N. J^AWKMU'iiC, a conficli'iablc town if Gtrniinv, in tlie cirilc of Lower Sax'nv, capit;.l lit' n diirhv of the fume name, liib- jiAt to t!ic tlf£\or of Hanover. It i» ftat- id on the river Klhe, with a ealHe < n an eminence. Jt is 40 miles S. F.. of IUiin biiri;. Lon. 10. 50. E. Ut. ^^ i(). N. LAWtNniun, the duchy o*', a fuull tirritnrv of Germanv. in- the circle of Lower Saxony ; bnumled on the K. by McrklenbiiiK, and on the otlii • fides bv Holileiti. except lo the \V. on wSicli the diicSv of fjiintnlnirtr lie. It is abo, ' js mile> in Unt'th, and lo iiibreadih. Law. enl'urg it the capital. La wEMBUito, a town of ? .iicrania, capitl if a territory of ! e liine name, fuiije^* to the kinj; of Pruliia. Lon. 17. 31). E. lit. 1:4. 3v N. L/NWiNCEV, a town of Germanv, in the circle of Suabii, formerly iiiijieriai, but now liilijei't to the duke of Neuburir. It is fea.cd on the Danube, 32 miles N. \V. of Aiigrtiurg. Lon. 10. :5. E. lat. 48. 3'^•. N. '' I.AWRF.Kcr Kirk, a iiandfomc lit- tle tri#ii of Kincardinelliire in Scotland ; the patriotic pri-,prittor of \»hich, the late lord Gardenftoii, cftablilhed, a few years ago, a riourilhinjr manufadture of lawn, canibiiL-, limn, and various other articles. lie ha I the t',cneroiit)», moreover, to re- nounce freely all the oppreH',.i; fervices due from his tenants, fhii place is fix miles W. cf Irverber\ ie. La\\ KtNCE, St. the larueft river in N. America, proceeding from the lake Ontario, from which Tt runs a c<.ur!e of 700 miles to the Atlantic Ocean. It is naviji-ablc as far as (Tut bee, which is .ibovc i,oo milcf.; but beyond Miiiitreal,it is lo full (A' ihi.al'. and rock'-, that it will not ^.ilmit large viffels without danger. Above Mont- real it is called the Iroquo i. Laxtnhurg, a towf )f Germanv, in the circle of Auftria, wiih a palice, where the princes of the hoii'e of Auliria ;"■. fi.r {lieuiurci it w featcd on a iniull u>ct, iwi mummm i UdHiuaii L E n 10 mile* S. of Vienna. Lon. it. »|. E. Lit. 4S. ,. N. ' Laytonstonk. See Low Lay- Lt \, a river, which rifrt mar r.,iitoni in He.ffouiihirr, ami running; S. i: to lltrifnrd and Ware, and af'erw.ud S. di- vn'in;^ EHiK fioiii put : a comfirt.i!)! : fnb- fiCt-nrc, but pay more attention to the cuU tivatii^n of ilie mind, ihm inany of their countrymen, fituated (eeminj'lv in mora favourable cirrumlhinces hr the attain, nicnt of km wlidi-e. As ai) eviibnce (i this, tliey are very intelligent, and have provided a circulating hhiary for the in- Jlruftion and .utiufement i.i'thc linlccom- iiiiinlty hiliintMng to the village. ' L(- ATHi KHi AI), a tiuvn in Surry, which had fi.rmerlv a market. Here is a h indlome bridge of many arches nver the river M.Ie. it is iS miles S. VV. by S. of London. ' Li.ATHts Watf.r, called alh, WVI HBI UN'.orTlllKI.MKRI Water, a fine lake of Cimiberiand, ^^hlcll lies f». by K. of Xfl'wick. It bej;in« a' the foot of Mount lleUvtlKn, wliicli it (kirts for the (pace of four imies r'c<:ivin;; nirnie- rnus torreiitsth It delctiid from tlie moun. tains. The fingular bcnu'v of thiit lake is its being almoit interli I'ted in the mid- tile by two peniflfula', tliat .Ire joined by a bridge. The outlet of this lake joins the rapid river Greeta at Ne'v Bridge, and tiius has a communication with the lake of Dcrwent. LKAWAVA,a feaport of Af.i, on the E. coaft of the iHand of Ccvk.n, which yields a great deal of fait. Lon. Hi it K. lat. 6. .40. N. *' Li tJKHA. an ancient feaport of Africa, in the kingdom of Tripoli, with a gnod harlfur, and an old calfle ; feated on the Mediterrantan, 83 miles E. of Tripoli. Lon. 14. 50. E. hr. 31. ^o. N, Li:liiix A, an aiieient, (hni,jr, and pica- fant to,', n tf Spain, in And'hifia ; !eafcd in h teninry al.ound'iig in corn, wine, and oiive-treet, vuliicb prud'.ice the Lill oii m ■A J J Spwin. E E Spain. It h » 1 miles N. E. of St. Lucnr. Lull. ss44. W. lat. 37- S. N. Lebi's, a town of CJcrmany, in the circle of Upper Saxnnv iind niarqin- latc of Br.indcnbiirg, with a biihop's fee, frcii'..'ri/.eJ in favnur of the houfe of Br.-.Klcnbur;.';. It is fea-ed on the river O.ler, 10 niilcb N. of Fraixfort, aiul 43 I'. of Berhn. Lon. 14. 39. K. lat. ci. ?i. N. LfcCCK.a rich, populous, nnd beautihil town of the kin!;fi;.ii\ of Naples, with a bllhop'r, fee } 10 miles W. of the gulf of Venice, anil 19=; F- S. E. of Naples. Lon. 18. 20. H. li . 40. 36. N. I.tcro, a toun of Italy, in the ihichy of Milan, feared on lake Como, i6 miles N. of Milan. Lon. <,.ii.K. lat. 4v ?3-'N. Lkck, a river of Cierin -nv, which riles in Tirol, divi'Us Suabia from Bavarii,aiid falUinto tl\e Danube below Donawert. Li:cH, a river of Holland, fnrnu.l by the Rhinr, wi'.ich runs from E. to W. thro-Ji^h Cucldcrland ard Uuecht, and f. .,. uniting with the Maefe,_f.dis into ihc Germ :n Ocean near the B'-iel. Lech I. A UK, atown of Oloiiceftcrlhlre, with a market on TtieUlav. It is feared at the confluence of the liver Lech -.vith the Thames, li* miles E. by S. o,- Glou- cefter, and 77 W. by N. of London. Lon. I. v;. VV. lat. c,t. 40- N- Lkchmou, a town of Germany, in the eleftc!:.te of Cologne, ic miles S. \V. of CnloL'iic. Lon. 7. H. K. lat. -.0. 4f'.N- LiC'i'oiRE, an ancient and firong town o\ Franco, in the department of Gers and late pnvincc of Armagnac, with a caftle. It was lately an cpiicopal fee, and is finn'.tcd on a itiountaln, at the foot of whiih runs the river Gcif, 12 miles E. of Co"dom. L&n. o. 42. E. lat. 4^ 56. N. Ln>Bi,'KV, A town of Ilcrtfordihire, n ith a market on Tv.efdny. It is a cil- liailt place, inhabited by many c!oti..ers, who earrv oa a great trade. It is 13 miles E. of Hereford, and t 16 VV. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 17- W. lat. ri. 3. N. Lr.iVr.sMA, an ancient and itrong town of Spain, in Leon, feated on the river Tome, 20 miles S. W, of Salamanca. Lon. v 3'-'^'^'- lai. 4'-o-N. Lef, r, village in Kent, in the church L eT v.ird of which Dr" ILiuey,thc .i^reat aftrono- mer rov.il. ii juerred. Jt is fix miles S. E. by E. u! London. Lv-ris, a town in the W. ridinc; of Yorklliire, with two marl-.cts, on Tuei- dav and Saturday. It is fuiiated in a vale, which trade has rendered one of the moft popidous fpots ill England, and is the principal of the clothing towns in y orklhiic. It is particularly the naart for the coloured and white broad clotiis, of which vafl quantities ar; fulil in its Clnh. Halls. That called the Mixed-Clotli- llall is a building of amazing extent, in V '; ich the cloth i; placed on benrhes, for fale, every market- day ; and tl c whole bulin.fs i^ tranfafted within the I'paco of an 111 Hi r, without the leaft confufion. The\Vhi-e. Cloth- Hali is similar building. T'he manuta^fures that I'upply thefe two halls extend about ten miles to the S. i^ to the S. V/. and fi to the N. and W . the nii::cd cloth.s being inolUy mr'de in the ntiiihilv.urhond of the river .'\ire, and the white cloths in that of the C.ildcr. Leeds his a rainufai^terv of caml is, wiiich has declined, and a tlourilliiui' rue of carpi ts refcmhling tliole of Wilts and Scotlind. Here :ire aifo feme mills for the cntiin:; of tobacco, and a great pottery. Wiilun three miles of the to>vn arc nunierous col- I'eries. It is 21 miles VV. S. VV. of York, and 192 N. hy \V. of London. L"n. I. 29. VV. lit. 53. .tS. N. • Ln-.sTo\vN,a flouiiihing to\Mi of N. Ainerica.in the flare of Kentucky and conn - tv of Fayette. It is feated on the E. bank of the river Kentufky, and is regularly laid out. As the bar.ks'of the Kentucky an- reniarkablv higu, in Ibmc places 3-.0, and even 400 feet, coinpoled in geneial of l>ii- pendoL's perpendicui.ir t(ek, there are few croJfing places ; the belt being at Lcef- town ; u circumOarice wliieh nnilf greatly cninvibute to i's increalc. it lies a feu- loiiesVV of Lexii^.^ton. Set K. F. N T u r n V HlVIH. Lefocca, one of the Friendly Iflan',.;, in the S. raclfic Ocean, vifited by cipt. Cook in 1776. Many parts of the e< 'if- try, near the fea, arc !;;:i_ wafte, owing, perhaps, to (he fandiiiers of tlw foil : liiit, in the internal parts, the foil is Wtter ; and the oiarks of conf.deri^ble p^.pularior. and of an impioved ft^re of cnirivatH'O, are conTpicuous. Many of tlie plantations are incfifed in fiich a manner, that tlie fences, fanning parallel to e«h other, form fp.....-.is ijublic reads. Large fpots, covered with the paper mtilberry-tree, were obfervcd, and the plantations in ge- ner?l were ahundamly Hocked with [•ioif, and fruit trees. To thefe captain C-ik made fonie addition, by fowing the feed, of melons, Indian corn, &c. The iOand is but feven miles in lem^th, annmilarhuil(iing. laftures tliat fupjily thcfc two ul about tun niik-s to the S. t ^ VV. and S to the N. aa.l W. cloth.s bcin;4 itiolUy inr'dt in the lond of the river Aire, and the IS in that of tlic Ciulcr. I.Lcds uf.ii^terv i.'f c;'.mh.ts, \vtiicli has nd a tlnurilliiui' rue of carntts ; tlioCc if Wilts and Scotlind. iho fomc iTiiils for the ciitiui;; of uid a great pottery. Wiiliin s of the town arc numerous ci^I- r, is 11 miii-s W. S. W. i.t l1 1 01 N. by W. of London. > \V. lit. i;?'. A^. N. ,TO\VN,a flou\illi:ng to\^ n of N. n the (lareof Kenturicy and coun- L-ttc. It is feared on the K. bank ;r K.entufkv, and is regularly laid i the barks of the Kentucky an: ly higli, in foir.e placts r o, and feet, coinpol'ed in geiu'ial ot I'u- lerpendicular Kxk, there are few ilaces ; the belt being at I.cef- circumOance whith iuult jjreatlv ; to ifs inrreare. it hes a fcv.- (>f Lt.xir.-toh. tict Kr.NTUCHV ^•GA, one of the Friendly inar/,.;, . I'acilic Orean, \irited i)y capt. 1776. Many parts of the cci:'- the fca, arc' 1;, 11 -.vafte, owing", to tlie Candiiicr': of th.- roil: liur, iitrnal parts, tiie foil is llRter ; inrks of conf,;ierJble p-ipu!arior, in impioved fi^te of cnlrivatiou, licuous. Many of tlie plantati'^ns fed in fiich a nranner, that tlit running parallel to each other, .....us public reads. Lariic I'pots, \vith the paper nudherry-tree, "evvcd, and the plantations in si;c- re abundantly Hocked with j.i.inf. t trees. To thefc captain C-i.k nic addition, by fowing the iVcd . ir., Indian corn, &c. The iiland ieven milts in len<;th, and i-'. in loirc pL-'.ccs, not above tlirce. c, a town in Stafford lliire, with a arket on Wednefdav. It i.s iS . of Stafford, and i;4 N. N. W. on. Lon. I. ';?.W. lar. 53. 16.N. 1 1) AM, a town of the United cs, in Holland, 17 miles N. E. of Lon. 5. 13- £• lat. 51. 56. N. Leeuot, — ^"'I EI T.vF.POT. a fnrtrefs of Germwv, in K. Frieiland, feted ..t ilic m-mth of tiie river Lee. where it i,d.» into the Lmos, about 10 miles from F.inbden. , LMFWAiin IsLAN'us. th.at part of Caribocan iii •-'ds, ir. the W. Indies, e - meneing at Donuuic.i, and ex-.endm^ to Pl;nO l\iC0. - , r • j.KEWK, a fortified town or Auftrian Brabant, fcated on tl;o river G.et, i 2 miles E. <,f Louv.un. L n. 5. 7- »"-■ '^t- 50- ' LxoHORS, a firon!':, handr.im?, and ronrrJtrable city of Italy, in the dv.ehy of Tufcuiv, wiih one <.f the moft famous harb.urs iii the Mediterranean, «hich caufis it to be vifited by a prodigious number of ftrnngers. It is a free port,an.l the ni LEI tnis town and it? nei^hhourhond. Tt his five paiiifi churches and a fpacious m.-.r- kef-plaee. At a parliament hel.l the rti;',R of Henry V. was m.'de law f.)r' the burning of hererus. In the meadows near the town, are the ruins of Here, m th. lint an aijlitv. where cardinal VVoiley ended his days.', overwlulmed with ficknei-s und difgr.re, as pa'Uit'-.aily deletibtd l>y Sh;.kfi....'.rc. Liftdcr i; featcd on _the rivci Sar, one of tlie litid^n's over w hieh, called Ho'.v Bridge, was lon^' vilited by tt;c l.;y<.rs r,f ruiiivpiiry, on nee auit of its hav- ing been the accidental in- niimenc over tlie I'ravc of kin,- Ri.;hard UL But ihii brid'i^e fell do-.Cn in Novenv^er 179-. Leiceaer is 14 "^''-'^ S. Dy E. of Derby, of Loodon. L'Aii. and on N. N. W. of LooJon. L'jji. t. rot Itrnngers. it is a iii;e i"'..,n,..i dou yg i . crehandi-e brought there L ne..r 3- J^ • ^- 5^;^3«.^N. ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^_ land, bounded on the N. by N- ttin,^ham- fliire, on tlie E. by the cuntie. of Lin- coin and Rutland, city take vifited ; for the officers of ih great care that trade mav inetl with no interrup'lon. The Greeks and Anui.ni.-.ns have cluuxnes of their own, and every other reliuim is undUlurbcd. liicje-.\s have a h.uuinme (ynagoguc here, as well as fcliool^. Tlicy are very rich, and lo well protei'^td, that it is a pr:A-erb here, Tliat a man niay as well beai the Gieat Dakc, Ki a Jew. The inhabitant, are computed at 40.0.-0. Tlie Rrvets are -.^id.e jind ilrai/ht, and ahnoR all tiic houies or the fame h.-ight. Th.:ie arc f. m.my canal-, thu fonie have given it tl,c title o! New ,d,'^n t!ie S. by Nortl.ainp- tonihirc, on the S. W. by VVarwicklhire, ana ^n the N. W. by D-tb|lhi,e.__li ex- tend, about 3S mile'' """' I"-l, to Vv'. and \'i-nice. Ne r tiie harbiur is a i.i,,i-- b.iildin-, in wh.ich ihcv ihur up cviry ni/ht the Turkilh and the [M-^y H 'Vcs. At a h tie dium-.-c is a lighthouie, on a f.uall iiland. in ti'.e gr.a? ;.VJari;__is tae ftatue of duke i'\r.li;iand 1. 1 r.c air here was very unhcahhy till the tv.arjhes about it wcre'dr.uiud. The comvviodities that •tve import heuco, ate, filk, wine, and (il. Lt i-^-i, H^i^ city !u*.rtd trcatlv l)v an earihqo.-ik ■• It is .0 I'.i.Us S. ">: i'ila, 4', S. \V. or Mortnce, an.i i.,; N. W.ot kerne. Lju. 10. 17. L. lar. .^3- 34. N. Lr.cMANO. a f" a b '- nnr-;!), and a i.lace of >rf-:'t anu'pu y. •>'ir i!u;;h declined from its former nvu.fi*.; 'e inipnnanee. It has luilejtd mu.'i in the civil con\motif>n:. It i3 fivtn mihs N- of \\':in-iii!itnii, and 164N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 45' W. l.it. 53. 30. N. L(.u:HroK.Du7.7.ARn, a large town " L E I [IF however, two years afterward, but were f,.on obliged to give it up. It wAi retii re i_ to tlie cluttor of Saxony nv tiie peace of 176^. It is feated in a plain, between the rivers Saale ard Muldc, nu.ir the conflu. cnce of the Pieydc, the Ellkr, and the B.rde, 40 milts iS\ W. of Drcfdeu. Lon. 12. 2c. V,. iat. 51. ig. N. Lin H, a f'caport of Scotland, in Kdin^ T ;„V.^ i^u w h;^^--k«-Tu:f: i,u.ghfi..o. ifi^^ -d.,. d. inrh o L 1 > ted on a br.nch of the Forth, two m, es N. ot Lch.burgh. ot olh , vc w'-u..-h is a bnat;e, le.ding into v,h,cU cty ,t .s the port. It ,. a large Bucr.injuuij Ihin }l' nirktt IS c' i.'i- :ui.,'. w iniii')iistown,c itaiiiinijmany hiind 7-"K'r''fs/fit cittlc li'i's iR miles b. lome h' .ufcs ; but th. greater p.irt of the if B df rd md 4 N W. of London, anccnt buiid.ngs are neuhcr el.,ant .or ot B.c.tord.^ma 4' _^ commodious. As the town is luuiired ,.n lV%in7 a noble Itone pier M .he mouth ot i!>e '' i tiNA. A ri[ thofe articles. The commerce of Leith is verv covifid-rable ; and the .ellels eirploy- ed in the London trade are, in general of a large fize, and conftrucled wiili peculiar elegance. The largeli fliipc at this port, hov.cvtr,are thufc employed m the Green- land v/hale fifiieiy. The poit is iiappily fuuutcd for the navigation of the eaftevn Uas. To Germuny, H(,l!and, and the Baltic, arc exported lcad,;jlafs wart^linen, woollen fluff's, and a variety of other goods. Tiience are imported vaft quanti- ^ftlSe W.^ ;:;; niilniauuh ; ^cs of tlmbe^ oak balk, hides Jinen rags aV^^ n,.Tf n^ous univernty. It is a Pearl-afhes, flax, hemp, tar, &c. Froin x"'^ ';■ L; neat and re.-h riy built, France, Spr.in, and Portugal, are imported b3nd omepb^, -at jmd -;■.•/ ..i„e, 'brandy, crang.s, anj lemons; wine, brai-.dy, oranges, anj lemons and from the W. Lidits and Anitrief, rice, indigo, rum, fugar, aiid logwi.od. Siiirs of c')iirideri.b!t fu-e are built at th.is port ; ar.d heie are feveral exrinfive rope- walks. There are aifo floLrili.ing 11. 1- nufaftories of botrie-gbrs, wirdow-gi. s and crvftul ; a gre;ii eii''pt( iiianulactoi-y, a foap'work, ■Md Um.t iron forges. 'I hue arc three churches ie. Leith, and an ai-.ei- ti:t b.ofi-.ital I'or dil'ublid feamen. Lon. 3. 7. \y. lat. cf,. o. N. \ ^ . les ir i-i-; luu .V,.., Lt-.iTH-Hii.r, a hill in Surry, adniMed • . . ',V en D iffeinon of by the Pruliians. for one of the fined profpeit. in Eui.pe J -riui^a^: uX mJlhal Daiin be- It is fituatcd .ibout five .pdes E. .y b. of ■ - Tl.ytocku, Darkin^. *;.,.r,,uM, and the ftrcets arc hghteu ^ ., h carries on a prc.at trade, ann has a tight to flop and fell ibemercuar.di.cde.'.gned ,0 pafs through it. There are three great fairs iiere every Stps, whicn art celebrated throughout air Germany, and i..ft a fort- „ightuich. Tliere are fi. iiar Jfonx CO - le^s belonging to the univerfuy, behi.e tlieprr. c colleges. t The tov.nhoufc riakes bui ..n indifferent appearance, but the exchange is a bne itrueture. It was taken by the ImperiahiH m 1632, and in ,6.',i by the S-.vedcs. Ir. ■74'; -"kI n>('y fieged Jt w vain i« lys**- Mtfajm««!'t;o*v»^'rTiww*w'<**^'^' L E I vo years aftcrwanl, but were 1 to give it up. It was reftrrc 1 tor of Saxony nv the peace of ii Cep.ted in a plain, bcuvcen the e and Mu'.dc, m.ir the conflu- e Pic-yfTe, the Ellkr, and the milis N. W. of Drtfilen. Lon. lift. 51. 19. N. a fcaport of Scitland, in Kdiii. Jt ii fc ted on tlic frith of milts Isi. of lidiiiburgh, of it is the port. It is a large IS town, c itiiinint; many h:ii;d. :, ; but ih^ greater part of the iidings are iitithtr elfjjant nor us. As the town is luirite.! in /f the lurbour, it is dividwd into Lcitli. The hiriioiir is I'ecuri d ,e lioiit pier, M il'.e mijUth <'f ihe LT, culkd the V.att-r of Leiih. rbciur is now gieatlv improved, mmodiUtd witli an eleji.un draw- ! a goodijuay. Whcntlie propol'cd n and docks are added, tliis plaeo nu, in every rcfptft, a (afc, eapa- d convi-niiiit liation for trading In 17S1, a ilcft of above 500 t fhips, under cosivtv of (everal the hne, rcm.iinid here foiiic and wtie luppli' d with frefli pro- ii'd ve(;(tables from the Iidinburglt uiihoiit any lii'j in the price of tides. Tilt tonimtrct of [.eitii is nfidcr.ble ; and the .ellVls eirploy- ic London trade are, in j^cneral. of fize, aiid eonllniflcd wiih peculiar p. Tlie largeli fliipc at thi, port, r.are thufe employed 111 the Grecn- liale fifliery. The poit is happily 1 for the navigation of the eaftevn To Gerrp,.nv. H(,l!and, and the are exported lcad,^'lali uart^lincn, 1 fluff's, and a variety of otitr Tiience arc iinpfirttd vaff quinii- tiiT.ber, oak baik, hides, linen rag% f}>es, flux, Iniiiip, tar, &c. P'roin , Spr.ln, atMi Portugal, are inipcrtvi brs:.dy, cranj^ts, anij Itiiioni ; om the W. luuits and Anierlen, ndigo. rum, fugar, and lojiwcod. jf c iiifideribit fj/e aie bui't at th.ij arrt heie are ieviral exrtnfive rop>.- There are alfo floLrill.inj 11. i- 3.-ies of bottlt-j^lafs, window-giifv, f'^ii] ; a great carpet iiianufaClorv, W'jrk, and loir.e iron forj;es. Thcte ce churches ir. Leith, and an anei- I'pital for du'iiblcd I'taintn. Lon. 3. lat. £<■>. o. N. IH-Hii.r, it hill in Surry, admired e of the hnert profpcitt in Itun.pe. tur.ied about five ix'iles E. by S. r.f L, E M *• LF.ixntM, the county-town of Lci- trim in Ireland ; formtrly a place of lonie note, of wuich St. Lie;:us v as bilhop. It is So miles N. W. of Dublin. •^ LtlTKlM,acounty of Ireland, in the province of Ci nnau;-ht, bounded on the N. Iv Donegal Bav, on the K. by I'erma- nagh and Cavan ; bv Longt .rd on the S. E. Koicommon on the S. W . and Sli,'.o on the W. It is about 41 miles lonp, and 17 broad ; is a fertile countrv, nnd, t'.'.ij,:;h mountainous, pr"dufi.s grear h.-.tdsi^f black cattle, but has few plicisof note. It con- tains 2 I parilhes, and fends fix mcnihcrs to p-iriianient. ' LnxsLip, a town of Ireland, in the county o! Kildare, with a c.iltle, be.uiti- fully fcitcd on the b:-.nks or the Lifley. It is a noble edifice, with large garden, on one fideofwhieh is a tine \vati.rfall, callidthe Silriion Lean, there bei.ng plen- ty of that fifh here. Ntar if arc the ruins of the church ai.d tattle of Confv, and a mile hence i^ Callletown, the- niAjjuiheent feat of Mr. Connolly. Leixflip is eight miles \V. of Dublin. Lkmihrc;, a town of P.iland, capitr^l of Red Ruliia, feated in 'he palatinnre ''f Lemburg, on the river Peltu, bttuetn Kaminieck and Cracow, <)0 miles N. tf the former, no R. of the litter, and m S. of Warliw, It is well furtiiicd, and defended by two citadels, one of which is feated on an eminence without the town. Tile fquarc, churches, and public buildings, are magnificent, a'.:d it is a large and rich trading place, it has a Roman Catholic archbilhop, and an Armi.nidn, as well as a Rullom buliop. In 167:, it was bciieged in vain bv the Turks, Init in 1704 Mas taken by ib.'rm, by Charles XII. king of Sweden. Lon. 24. 26. K. lat. .;9. 51TN. SceGAi.iriA. LlMiir. (), tlie ancient Iinbros, an illand of the Arcbip. c. E. lat. 40. 15. Is. Li:Mr,ovv, a rnwn of Gcnn-mv, in the circle of VV'ell,)h,dia and e uiity of Lippt, 17 iiiilis N.of Paderborn. Lon. 9. c. E. lat '.1. ^.N. Lt MN'O':, a cck-hratcd illand of the Arcliipelar.oy nr^w called Sta'innme. It is fituated near the entrance ',f the Darda- riellc--, and its capital is of the fame nanie. It is above III miles in circumfererice ac- tordin,-; to Pliny, who fays that it is oitcn /l;-;dowed i.iy Mount Athos, tbouj'h at the cliftancc of ;<7 miles. The poets m'de it la, red to Vulcan, 'who was 1 he nre tailed L( tiinius Pater. Lcmnos was alfo ctie- bratcd fut" its labyrinth; of wl.uh, unfur- I. E U tunsdely, not a trace rcmain<; ; and what liiftorians relate of it (ervts onlv to excite, liut not to gratify, curioiity, Pliny men- tions thref ether buililings of the ("iin« kn.ii ; one in (.rete, the other in E;.;ypt, and tfvc talf in Italv. The idea which he gives of thtfe monuments fills tli; iniagi- na^on with horror. In the laljyvinth of Egypt, extent, iivigniucence, and fi hdity, were confpicuous. Tliat immtnfe inclo- fiirc w.is divided into fixtccn parts, each of whic'i reprefenttd one of the prwvinct» of tiie empire. Vail palaces, pro'ligious pyrainidi, and temples ercdfcd 10 all the deities of Egypt, ^vtre there to be fecn ia alL;nil!iiiu; fuctclfion. Thele llriu'tures C( mmunicated with each oilier by niagni- fic<;!t f'loitsof (>cps, iuniptu.jus porticos, and colonnades of p. Tphvrv, umlir which were ranged the fiatuts of the ;;ods, and of the kings. It was often requifite to tra« vcrie in the dark the extenfive luoterra- ncan jnfTages ; and pcrfons have been loft in the innaii'erable windings of tl,i, won- deiful building. One part of t: tfe awful I'ccnrs was conlecrated to the tombs of their kini;':, or tolhol'e nf the ('acrtn of I'ltrii, cirht niilfs W. of Bad.n. Li:0!;anf. a to.vn in the V.'. Indiri, \vi:li a j^oid harbiiir, Ie..u-d in a beauuful plain, onthe W. hdc.>' S'. Dnniirgo. . Lt.(.M;.s:,TK;t, a b.:rouih or Hcreford- foire, with a mnrkef on Friday. It is iKited for us fine wool, and i» icate'V on Ihc river Ln', 2? r.-di..s W, hy N. of W'Tcefter, and \ v \^'. N. W. of f.on- U i y*J WI )"-tW > "W LEO diiofs'nll the ncctlTafies of life ; and Lcoti is the capital. Lkon, iia ancient and large town of Spain, C'lpit J of t'ne j.rovinri'of thit name, built bv the IV. mans in the tunc of Golba, uirii a biilioo's fi-t. Ir l/i^ tiie finfft ca- tiitdi' all Sri'Ti. It w,;s formtrly riihtr and more [-opai'iu t'; m at prefent ; and boHl>srhe hon'Hir of beinj; the eapi'.i! of the firft C'!.riii:;".n kingdom in Spin. It is Itntfcd littwitn two ('.urces of tiie river EiVa, t;3 miles 8. E of Ovicdo, and 16- N. by \V of Madrid. Lon. 5. 13. \V. Ut. 4.:..i;. N. Li:oN. New, a kingdom rf N. Ame- rlc-.i, in Ke-v Spain, which is \ery popu- 1h!s : and there are mines of li!\er in the adiiccnt movmrahis. L K .') N D K N t r A Tt A G I' \ , a town of N . Americn, in I'«c\v Spain, •n the nro don. L'^n. :. ■?;■ W. !^r. 20. N. I. with a hiil.op's fo..-. It is leatol oa a rri'vintain, near slie ri"LT Marrcchia, ciirln mils S. W. of Sin Ma- vino, and i;N.V.'...f Uiuiuo. Lon 12. it. E. I'.t. 4V >;;. N. Lkox. a prrvuiie '.fSmin, formt^rly a I.inudi>.T,,b nnd.d . n 'he N. I>V the Afui- riis'; on the W. bv Galiria and P >rmiral ; am' on the S. by Rfiramad'ira and Caftile, which sl'.b bc'.inds it 'jn the E. It is about 125 mdes in leniith, and 100 in breadth, .and is divided into almoll two equal parts by the river Doucro. It pro- vince of Nic'r:"nia; the refuli ncc of the f^ovcrn'T, and a bifiiop's frt. It was taken bv the Hnccnu'trs in iftS5, in fioht of a Spanifh army, v.i'O »'crc l1x tr. one. It is le'fcd ^.t the foot of a m nmtain, whirh is a v..lo,iiio, and (.ccifion-. earthquakes. It copliUs of ai^out icoo h^iiili--, an:l has feye- ral ".lonafitrics and nv.n.-.erics btl.jn;;iu;^ ir, it. \\ one f;nd of tins town is a lake, wh'ch ebbs and tlows like the lua. It is V-' iTiilci from the Soi'.rh S:a. Lon. SS. 10. VV. lat, 12. 2S- I^'- LioONARD Li; No::!r,r, St. an rn- cifnt town of F;-a,.ce, in the dcpart;nfnr or Upper Vienno and late rcrntorv of li- n-.olin,' with 3 cor.iidtrablc manu'"a('lK,ry of pjiier, and anorlier of cloth for chnliini; trie arm-. It is fcatcd on the river Vi- tiioe, 1: mi!cs N. E. i/f Limt.i-es. and lu: S. of Pans. L"n. 1. ^ ^- V-. lat 4:. L'.ovt! .\ irr, a row:i i> (uvuviny, la the circle of A iit'ri ;. ar.i iioc'as of C.:n!i- |hia, 42 miles E. ot Cu.;enf.ivt. Lon. 1 5. 23. E. lar. 4,'-.. n-. N. I ^ONTiSM. K eLl-NTtNI. Lt (ii'oi.n. Sec Li-.MnLKG. l.i-opoi.DSTAKT, a f'Tiail iiiit ftrong town of Upper Uumrary, bi;ilc by thsun- )ii'i-r Lt.'p ■1.1 in Waau, ^^(-. n-.iles N. bx v.. of Vienna. ^■. N. ■ "Jf C ,\U.\--- of A': 1, ( 'liin.), ^ id a 5' !•■ ' f ii - S. bv Cnincfe 'i' r- bv K.irea on tlie E. sv.d bv anolh»:r part 'of Tariary on the W. If was from th.is country that the Tart .rs entered China, and con^piend that valt empire. The inhabitants are ni"re wa.hkc, lefi poUic, and nor fo in- dufiriuu* i,-,6i; ; fi-.Sted on the W'.ot Neuhii'urei, a'll Loii. I.'). <-. 1'. l-'t. T-^- l^'-OT'^N'^. bounded bv p lii>: lame n.ir.-.. ■.n the N, a : , r ■' oil LEO e ncctfift'.fics of life ; and Leon al. a;i ancient and large town uf tal of t'ne j.rDvinrc nf tint n'.mc, B R.inans in the tuiyc nf C'rulbj, on's ftt. Ir l;-i^ tiie ("incft cli- uil S'fH'Ti, It \v,;!i fnrr.icrly more [inpLi|..iii> t'-.-in at prclcor ; :ht' liori'Hir i.( htinj; the t;ipi'.il \ C'i.riii'.in kingfl.im in Sinri. i)i:twien two ('.iirccs (if tiie , r-i ir.'les 8. E of Ovicdo, and ' \V of Matlrifl. Lon. 5. 13- ..1;. N. New, a kin^idom of N. Arr.c- ."V Spain, which is \try pi'pu- thtrc arc miucb of ri!\er in the oviuf.ilns. )K N ti" ARAGl' \, a town of N. in ficw SpLiin, and 'n the pni- Iic '.ri'Tiia ; th(. rt-ruli ncc of tiif itr.d a bifiinp's fee. It was taken cciiKtrs in i'^'-,;, in fight of a my, V. I'.o "'crc fix tf (me. It h he font of a m untain, whirh is and (.ci:jfio;i-. i.-arthi|nr.ke'i. It nhout icoo h^!idi-san:1 has fevc- itrics and nv.nai-rics btl.jn;;iu;T line f;nd of tins town is a lake, s and flows hkc the fti. it is from the Soe.rh S:a. Lon. 8S. t. II. IS- ^'• aiD Li; N":m r.r, St. an .mi- 1 of Fra.ice, in the depart^ufnt Vienne and lite rcrritorv rf Li- [h 3 co;-.iidtrable iiianu'"a('lK,iy of d another of tluih for cloiiiii'-^ . It i- fcatcd on the river Vi- niilis N. K. of Limo).-cs. and I'urts. L^^n. I. ^:. !■:. iat 4;. !.\'rr, a row:i i-f ('ivminv, in of Aut'ifi;. ar.i tlf.cas of C.iriM- lv,le:i E. ot Cla.;enf.iVt. Lon. i ;. , 4ft. S-- N. IIKI.' S '. LiNTiKI. 11.11. Sec LiMKLKn. ii.DSTAUT, a fnali iiitr C'.\-^rinr Jpper Uiuiijary, bulk by thctr.i- ;..p .1:1 in i.'.6i; : ff*ed on the r- n-,i!fs N. W.of'NeuhAifci, a-.d \'ienna. Lou. iS. 6. J". l,a. .i.-^. '^N -. a I-".:^ c .■ii.t-- of A "1, ■ , r -if Chin.), ii id a giot 'f I - . <.i, rh: S.bv Cnii-'efe Tr- he N. by K.'ret on tlie \'.. ^.:>d i.:r part Of Taiiary on the \V . om this country that the Tart .rs China, and conquer,, d that pirc. The inhabilants are itfre lefi p'.'lite, and nor fo in- duflnou* L E R Jnftrinus as the Cliincfe : they ncuhT like trade nor hnlh;ndry. ?lthoi".;n thosr couptrv is very pr..pe.- f.rboth. Leoton;^, th : pnacipal town, is larire and populous. L.;f.\ni-o, » confiderable ioah ot Tii'kfV in Enrope, in t.ivadia, with an archbii'io^i's fee, and a ftronjr fort. It is budt .,n a mountain, in the i.r.n ui a lu- jxar.loif, .'nd 1, divided into four towns, lurr-ml' d by as mtnv "alls, and com- manded bv a c.iftle. on the top of tiie niv>intaiii.' The h irbour is very iniall, and Hi:iy i'e ihut up by a chain ; the en- tr. n.e beini^ but (ifiv feet v ide. It was tiiken by tiie Veretians Toin (he Turks, in 168-; but was afterward cvr^cuated, an.l tlie rahle of Bomeli deiiv li.'hed. bv tiie Venetians, in i(h;o, in conuvpaence or the treaty of C'arlowit/. It wi, near this town tliat Don J"hn of Aultrm obtaun ] the far.ous via.irv over tlie 'I'ufkili! Ileet ill ic;i. Tlie produce of the a.^juent loiinu'y ii wine, o:i, corn, rice, Turkey ]c,;ther, and tobacco. Ti.e wine would be fue.dindy giHid. if they did nut pitch their vtlVeis in the infide, whirh renders the ta'.lc very eifaurccaiile t:' tho:.. who arc not ul'ed to ir. I'lie Turks h've G.t or i'e\-tn inoftiiu- here, and ihe Greeks tveo rhunhcs. Ir is leated on the ^gulf ol LtD^nio, 100 miles W. N. W. of /^•l"n'', and ^-c S. W. of Conihintinoplc. L,n. .1. o.R.lat. 3;!.5o.N. Lkpi- Its, Isl.K •■K, ineof the Hebrides in the ST.uh Parilic Ocean. Lun. ibS. o. K. lat Is. 11. S. LtKiA, or Li.ittiA, a fuons!; town nf Piitv.^al. in Lftraiv.a.lura, v. irlia ea;-le, and a bifliop's fee. 1 1 was formerlv tne refuknee of the k'ni's of Portiiir d ; and is j'j iv.ilos S. of Cuiiv.b/a, and t.o N. of Lil- Iv..,. I.,on. 8. .1/.. W. lit. 31). 37- N. Lz ix KM. a i'caport of J talv, <.n the eall- ern roai'r of the gulf of Sptcia, in tiie ler- vtoi-y of Gencja. Lon. 9. ; ,. t.. lat. 4;. ?. N. Lkripa, an anrinir, lari^e, and flron;.^ town of Spain, in Catal'ir.ii, with a^bi- iiiop's ice, a univi-rfiry, and a caftle. This place declircd for kini^ Charh-s III. af^i r the rtduttion of IJarceiora,in 170-,, but it was retiken bv the duke of Oi leans in 1707, after tiic battle of Ahnan/a. It is feared on a hill, on the river Scirra, id niiits S. W. of UalaL;;uer, and 200 N. W. <'f Madrid. Lon."^ o. 45. E. iat. 41. 44. N. Lp RIKS, the name of two iflamls in the Mediterranean, lying on the coiit of Pro- vence, in France, tive miles from Antlbes. That near the coalt, called St. Margaret, wdi guarded by mvaiidii, llatc-priiontrs L E S having fonrierly b en fent 1: t?. It \vy^ taken tiy the t'.n'.'li:l> in i'4'j, but mar- ilia' Helleifle reio.ik it in i747' The oiher, ceiled St. If )nort", is lets than ths former, and iia.i Uttly a Uenedi<'.!'ne ab- bey. l,KR.MA, a town of Spam, in Old Caf- tile, feated tai the river Arl.m/a, with « palace and a park. Lon. 3. 2-. W. Iat. 42. 16. N. Leumca, fcirmerlv a lir^^-e citv, in the illmd uf Cyprus, as appears fr^m its ruins ; but now no more than a large vil- layc, on the 1 ailhern t laii o: that ((land, where there is a g'.od road, and a fnia'J fort tor Its defei.ce. Lluo, orLKROS. anciently Ltria, an idaiici of the /victiipeii!!; , 011 the coill of iN'ucolia. Lon. 17. o. L. iat. 37. o. In'. * Lerwick, t!ie cnief town of the Shetland Itlinds, fitua'cd on the hi fide of the Miin'aad, as tne principd idand is called, li is the rendczv^ais nf t!;e Kflj- ing buifes from Britain, HtjlUnd, Dtn- mark, and m,ui- parts. Lon. i. 3c. W. Iat. uo. 20. N, LisCAR, a town of P'rincf, in the de- parrment of the Lower Tyrcnfes a'ui late terri'ory of Beam, it was Ktely a bi- Ihop's fee, feaied on a hill, thre ; nides N. W.of Pau. aiid ij2 S. K. of Bayonne. Lon. c. 7. W.lar. 43. 17. N. '' LeS'JLIS, COUN 1 ItV OF IMF,, OtlC of the ftven Cau-anan nations (ituat- ed between the BiAc!i Sea and ihe Cal- pian. Ther country i~ indiifenatlv call- ed by the Georj'ians, Le^euiltan, or Uag- lie!*a!i. it IS b'updcd on the S. and K. by I'crfia and tin Caf|iiiii ; on ti.e S. W. and W . bv Ge 'rgiJ, tne Odi, ai.d K.iili ; ar.d on die N. ty the I\.i!ii and Tartir tiiiu-s. It is div'..'.cd into a varaiy of diC- tridls, generally iudcpLiidciit, and t;;overn- ed i)v elilcfs iletied by the people. Tn oisc of thtCedi.h-itt::, ful.jvit totii": Ufaiei, or khan ot the Cai;aks, colonel Ciith.Tat- iriiiiites the foll.)wini>; fin:;ulav cii'dom : ' Wi'.'. never the LMmei has a t'-n, he is carried round from vill;-t:;e 10 viliSije, arid al'einately I'uckled by ev-^ry woman v\ hr» has a thiUl at herbre;fi, till h.e ii wtaned, Tliiii cuftoiii, by eltaiiliJhing a kind nf brn. therhood between the );r;nce and his tub- ieiu, fiuL'silarly enilears them to each otiier.' — Tne Lefjiuis are probsiMy dc- f.cnded from the tribes of rnounvamccer'' known to ancient ;;eographers uadcr t! . name of Lef^aE or Li^'yes. The Ifrcngth of thiir country, which is a rruion of nii-untains whole pafles are kn.iwn oaly to thtnilelves, ha^ probably, at ail times, llcuied them from foreign invafion. They L E T LEV They fubfift by raifing catt!e, and by pr«- da'cry exoedin^'ns into the countries o. thiir'iArre weiithy ntlt^hixmrs. Daun/, the trubles in I'AfM, t wnrd the bf^i;in- nin'c "f ihi» ceiuurv, thev rcpe.uedly iHck. ed the towns of Shamichie and Ardebi., and ravau;ed the nti^hhouring diftrifts ; »nd the prcltfnt wretched U.uc ot Gcnr- Pia and parr of Armenu is owinjj; tn ihe frtquency of their- incurfions. In their perlbiis and drcN, and y.ertrT.\ habiis o'. life, as far as tlicfe are known to us, the/ vrcacly reftnible ihe Circalfinns. ■ LesKEAkD, a hnroiit;h of Cornwall, ■with a marktt on Saturdav. It h id tor- ni-rlv a caUle, row in ruins, and h.ii a coed frctfchirt!, and a CMnfidemblc m.inu- irUirt of vnrn, which h thaflv (o! 1 at Exe.cr. It'i^ 49 n'i'Cs W. bv S. of K.\f- tcr, ind 2ii ^V. by S. of London. Lou. 4. 30. W. lat, 50.17. N. _ * LEfPMiE, » town of France, in the department of G rondc and l.ue province of Giiiennc. in the environs or which arc found traniparent pebbles refaTibhn.' the fjKc di;im':nJ; of Akn(;on, and i<,i.v.vn by the name of the CMllouxdt MfJoi:, Mui'C Son-'- , « n • II • Lessikfs, a town of Atinmi Hii- cauh, fcatedon the river Dcndcr, ami fa- raous for i:s iinrn manufailurc. It is hx Tniles N. E. of Aih, and ii S. W. of BruiTels. Lon. ?. -;^- W. ht. >;i. 4c. N- Lestofie. See LowEvroi fE. Lfsiou.mai-Casii.e, in CornwaU, near Lci\withicl, f 'rmerly the rtrulctice ot the carls of Cornwall. This c.lUe is fituated on th;: cdre ..f r. hill, overlooking a c'cep N-alUv, fm-ouiidcd by a d^'ch, wlMch is vtiv deep and wide, and wa t*n-- from an adjoituns hill. On the l.i-hev fid.-, leading to the princip-d yue, traces of buildin-s are to be found. Lestwithifl, a borounh of Corn- wall, with a nvirket on Fnd iv. It is featcdon ;hc river Fowey,not tarfrorr^ us ■ fall into Fowcy Haven, l^onmily Hups canie as far ..s I'he town ; but the channel • -s now (lopDcd up. Here IS a woohon manufactory ; and it is one ot the- un can- ape towns. The t-aol is hkcw.ie h-re. if if governed bv a mayor, iix c=p'.ul r.ur- ffcffes%nd 17 coinnion-conntil-mtn. . Jt ss ,4 .«i'cs W. N. W. ..f Piymcmh, anci .^o ■^V. bv S. of L )i:dcn. Lon. 4. 4-- W. "'l^vi IRE,' a tmvn cf the kirffdl»cc, and is feattd at the bacK ' Ger- the Upper Palatinate cf H:;van 1 ; a mountain, near the river F.U <,o tiriie; N. W . of Ratiilji.n. 26. E. lat. 40. 40. N. V, LocM, a beautiful lake of iire, in Scotland. It is ah -nt la :irciiniftrenct:, fomcwhai of acir- 11, pnd irrcguiariv inJcnicd. In arc Icviral hn.xW illand;;,on cne of a ruint.us cailk-. Tliis was the ere tiie iinf^rtiinaie Marv ipieen was cnnrtiic-d by the confederate 'cr ihe nuiider of htr hulhind inlcv, and htr niarria;i;e with . Hence, however, llic efcaped by the aliiftance of tlie brother of .rncr of the ca^ic. Another lamtd St. S'.rf's Iflc, is i'lid to ta H leiidcnce of the Piftifh a'led Cu'idees 1 it was aftfirwarol jf a priory, of which fome n - ; to he feeii. Thi': jjke pruirxts peciiliar cx-cellence ; of which 1' titles, atccr'a.n ft ffons, are Ktit idisbiir^U marlcets. la autvirjn, a fiii- L E U a finoi^iUr fpcries, call-d the pully trout, is here faUtd and «hicd for winter prvivi- fion. ' l.FVFN, a rivrr if Damb-'ric'ilhirc, in Scotland, wh'ch ilVui'* froin Loih Lo. re ■>'id ; and, after a lueanderini; coiirle thrjUfih a dclij^htf'ul \al<', ad in. id with firm^, feats, woods, and planratinns, emp- ties itl'tlf into the elfinry of ihv Clyde, bcl.iw Dunibartiin. This ri\eristhe (ui)- jcfl of a bvauri'ii' little 'ale liy Dr. Sn^ol- ler ; and, on the W . fide of ir, is a pillar ercrt'd to his memory. * Leigvk, a viilaL'e of I'rance, in the department of Upper Sione an.! laic pro- vincc of Fran.he Cunte, lyin.; to' the E. of Vtfoui. Here is a cavern, j 5 paces de'-p,and do wide, which ferus a a niro- meter to all the country people. A f"^, at the entrance of this g'ac er, it an in- fdliblc fign of rain the ne.xt (!.iv. From the ro';f, which is no feet high, dtl'ccnd mafFes, or rather cnlumtis of lee, of a prj- di.'iou'-. file. The brook, which nin-. ttiii'uwii a parr of this ;,',rott'>, is frozen in lumncr, but Mows in winter. Lei'k, a town of Swili'erland, in the Upper Vallais. It is (eated on an emi- nence near the Rhone, which is here very rapid. It ito:.'. of tlie indcpt-ndcnt (.'..v.'/w, or commonwealths of t!ie- Upper Vallais, and is rcmarkHole for its I'prings, wUofe water i« fo hot, that it will boil an e^^^;. Leiik u much frequented in ihe funrner, en Account of thtie fprinj;':. The patients cither l.athe, or drink the waters, wiiicii fecm nearly to rd'emLle thf,fe of H^th ; but the accommodations for the conipanv arc very inconvenient ; each p'.rfon havinij only a Imall apartp.'.cnt, in which there is julf room for a bed, a table, anu two chairs. Formerly, the aecommodations were tolerably good ; but, unfortunately, in 17 1 p, an axala':chc (1 vail body of fnow) fed with fuch i:;ipttuofity from a ncighbourins; glacier, upon the viilai;e, as to overwhelm the grciteft part of the houfes and the baths, and to deftroy a con- fiderablc number of the inhabitants. Lon. -. V)' K. lat. 4fi. Ti. N. Lf.vkou.x, an ?.i;cicnt town ofFrancc, in the dr-partmcnt of Indrc and late pro- vince of i3erry, witli a caftlc, 31; miles S. W. of Dourges. Lon. 1. 40. £. lat. 47. O.N. Lf.use, a town of Aiiftrian Hainault, feated on the river Dendcr, 14 miles N. W. of Mons. L ,n. 3. 45. E. Lit. 50. 35. N. Lf.i;tkirk, a free and imperial fwn ef Germany, in the circle of Suabia, fcKted on a rivu.^t thut lalls into the IHer, 21 LEW miles N. F.. of Liiidau, and 10 9. W. of Mfininuiijfn. L^n. 10. 12. E. Iir. 47. 53. N. EK(.MMKPtT7., a town of B hcmii, capital of a circle of the fume name-, witha hilhip's Cte ; ll.iltd on the river Kibe, 3a miles N. W. of Pr,i,Mic, and 4- S. K. of Dreldtii. I.'in. 14. 30. E. lit. trt. 31. N. ^' Lkwakdkn, a hnndfome, rich, popu. Ion:-, l.irge, ;>nd Ifrony town 01' the Unufd Provinces, capital of Fried.ind. It w.ia the ufual place of refdence of the ftadi- holder ; and its huildini'-., as well pub- lic as privati.', are ma"_ni*iicnt. It has kveral CMi.ils in the ftr^ets. whirii are a greitailidniuc to their trade ; c fpc.-ally a* thev arc C'lnfiiHiLd not only ro the lea, but to tiie nvX tvUiiidvrabIc towris in t;:c pro- vince. Jt is 27 miles W. of «rotiin'-en, and '.; N. by E. of Anillerdjm. I..,ti. «. 3.^. E. Ir.r. ,3. ,,. N. ' Lf.wkst/, a town of Upper IlunirJiry, in the coiiniy of (iran, and on tlie river of the fame iiaiii., where the Turks were defeated in 164 j. ft in 2 c miLs N. K. of (Jrin, and 20 N. E. of NcuhaufJ. Lon. !«• -SI. E. Idt. 4S. 21. N. I.KvvF.s, a biiroiij;h of SulTcx, and the principal town of that county, with a JiiaikL'ton Saturday. It is a' well-built populous place, containing fu parilh churches and is feated on the river Oufc, which is naviH;able here for banTc«. Near this town was fousjht n b|r|,niy battle in 1263, when Henry' Iff. and hri Ton prince Edward (afterv.'ird lulvard I.) were made pri'oners by the tarl of Leireftcr. Leaves i', (inelv (ituaied on the declu-itv of ahi'Il, on Ahicji.are the reni.iuis of an an- cient caitic, the environs of wiiich com- mand a beautiful view of a iijiiIy-Y.aried country, f.ev.'es is 3c tnilfs E. of Chl- chci^er, and 40 S. of Lo,„.',,,i. Lon. o. 5. v.. U'. 50. ^5. N. L;-;wr':. one of the mod confid-rablo of the Weiuin Iflands of Srotl-oid, wl.icii being conncdlfid by a narrow irthmi.ii with H.AKi'l'; forms 'r,m f,ne iliand, wlich j'j about 60 miles 1.-. !en;.-th, and of c^.-rider- ai-y unequal ; and, in Harris ..rpcc; illy, it la extremely niifsred, 'hough the hib. . in no place, rife to a coniiderable htiglr. The country, in Hciierd, is wild, bleak, barren of wood' and liitie fitted for cukivatiou : tlie liills S arc LEX »re covered with heath, vhlch affnrJs IJKl'cr ft-r v«rk.n. f-.-u of pa.rie. Th.. Uk 1 ana llrciiu" aW'mn.l nvh h i..lmon, Ur,;o re J nout. &c The .nui amm.h .,urtlKrn illcs, an.l the r.HuTas on .l.c c.a'^ arcn-t inferior. Sr.,rniw.v ,s th. only towninLcw.s. Th,s .n.iml l.t nn.^ ,0 i.r.'hir.. There are Icvcral infer,- Acs ana rocks, vvuich a,.' c.nprchcn.ed unJer Invenicfs'.hire. 1 lif .vho.t h'-' lo * LKWihHAM, aUir^cviln_:e in Kcnf, on the river K.ncnn.ourn. The cuirch is a nc:it 9nd tlc:':int new cchhcc. It is five mUcHii. K by S.-.L-ndon. * L!MV<.'W^-. a town ot N. Aine. rica. ciipital -f the flite oF Kent.Hky ,na coumv of l^>yate Near, h,s town are to be Icen auious Icpi.lchrc., full ot .'Un..>n Ikcletons. v.-Uich u e.c thus tabncs' i J : hnt on thegvouiul wc-e 1 m hrge broad l.on ,hvlk-.)'4rden, whcic the proftlTor reaus ■ any. The hbrarv contains ""'V'^'^'"' •- ■ 1 ,1 ,. b'u!i"s fenaraicd coniit^s of a lar"j;j. pile of brick bui cm thtle wen: placed ti.e bJia.s, icpaiJ <.u , ., ^,„.rn from each other Iv/ bro.id ftones, cuv.red wuh otbcrs, which rerv..ua- a balistor the next arraiu'cmt.u of bodies. In th:s order ,h-v arc buih, without mortar, gvowinji lliil nar.-.nver to the liciRht of a m.^n. This inctlind of bury ins: appears to he lo- tallv dilicrcnt from tliat no..' praM.lcd by the Indians. In tlie nc.gl.bourhood ot Lexini^ton aho, the nm'.ins <>l two an- cicnt fortmc..u.m. are to be Ic-en, tuin Ih- cd with ditches ;.nd l^aflions. 0.:e of thcle contains about hx acres of land, lind the other nenrU' three. Th^)" «^'-- ,"' ^^ "7''- Erown with trees ^^'''ch, by tlic n .m..ci of circks in the wood, appear to be not lefs than . 6o vears oUL Pieces of eartoen veffeh have alfo been plouched up near Lexington ; a mant.fatiure with wluco the Indians were nev.r acquainted, i l^ele fortifications ^vith tlie bunal groatius mentioned above, have been tirgcd as an an.ume,n, thnt this country was formerly inhabited by a people diftcrcnr from tl prcfent Indians, and farther advanced th n Ly intltearts of life ; u . bcng well- Ltown. that no Indian nirrn lias ever p"aaifed the n.e.hod of deicndmg them- fclvcs by intrenchments ; .^"^ /";';, ^ ^-^ , i;,,,, cor.:ribuie work would even be no cr.ly one, wbue thefe nations were unacquainted with ilie S-eof iron. In a word, Mr. Id on. m his recent account of th.so.untry, has . c - vr.nced feveral arguments to P'"^;«^; *>'« thefe p^'^P''^ v.re, in alproD.bih.y, an ancient colonv irom W A^ ' LI B LvYORV. a city "f tl'O United Pro- vinces in Holland, and. next to Am'.tcr dun, the larger, plue m tlic proviiKe. It islcitcd in acountrv full of ^-ankm an;' niculows, Ivirrounded by a great nun, u; of ditches and cn.i., nenr the ancient 1). d of the RItine, which now looks hke a ca- nal. U is al'oiit four inil.s and a hall in circumference ; and its ditches are bor- dered with r.Avs of trees. It has eiKh. Paes, and cout/.ns 50 ifl.inds, and -h hridRes, the gt.'ateft part of w uch a.e built the upperm,.a of whicii t!i.- f.im,ais Klicvir had his pr,nt- incr-'iTu-e. Adjoinin.- totiie Icnool is the phylic-j'-jrden, curi.us maau;aipts ; and the thcatie for an^.tomv' is ibe fin. li in ^''^^Pf- ""^j are tnanuf.Porics of the bcft cloths and ftuiVs in Holland, there being no .els than ,6,0 workmen cmnloyed in them. L.vden is famous for the nng fie^e it fuftained. in 1-73. ag«'"'j the Spaniards. It is four miles E. ot the ea, 's»'^- W. of Harkm, and 20 S. W.ot Amfter- Lkvtl, one of thcrhdippme I Hand-, in Afia, about 40 leagues in length, and .,; in circumference. Its lo.l, on the L. fKh'. is very fenile ; but there are very high mountains that cut it almoft thrc,vi;^h the middle and orcallon fo great an alteration in the air, tlut ^^'^^ *' V^c'rVof die N fide, it is iuminer .m the S. fu!e ot tnc iaand. Thus when the inhamtants ot one part of the ii\and reap, the othe.s fow ; and they have two plentiful harvel s in the year, to which the nvers delcend- in.r from the abovemcnrioned mountains The ifiand con- fiands at the head of the nver bikhorn, about .V70 miles W. ot the new city of t,ins ;>.uout .)oco iuhai,itan's, who pay tri- bute to the Spaniards, m rice, wax, and quilts. Lon. 125. o. L. k't. n- :ib,li,y.an " ?-'>' a, a towm of the kingdom^^of Uxington >^aples,leatcdonaba ofd^.u. - Wafiiinutoir. Lon. 85. JO W. lat.' 3S. nice, 7 /miles N.K. of Naples. I ' E !:"■• 4t- 44" -'^- • f "LuiANVS, the name of mounta;«s ot Turkey in Alia, whieli he between! r^'P^^^ ieA"?« L I B p . a ciry of the United Pro. Iloll.inil, and, next to Amitcr [arntii pliif ill I he [iroviiKc. (r a countrv full of ^'^anlin' an;' liiiir,uiu!tJ by H prtat nuiiilii ; mil CHMiili, iiLHr the ancient Ixcl [nt, wl^ii-h now looks hkt: :i c:i- nliiuii four iiiiLs and u hall in ncc ; and its diiclic". arc hor- li r Avs i>;' irets. Ii lias cifhi C'liit.'ins 50 ifl.inds, lUKJ i.]j ;ie f;ri;attft p.irt of which aic .' n IK'. 'I'lic principal cliiircli ' I! ri.h'Uirc, wiiolo lii);li roof il iy three rows of folnnins ; icil of the public huildinj;'. h,indi"!Tic. There are fcvt- , .IpUali, iiiid a univtrl'i'v, wliiili ally ahnut 100 iiiulenli, tll0Uf,'li but two c<:lli.pcs ; for thcle loard in the ti.wn, and have no difliii^'uini lliLin. The Cclinol ■ a larj:;' pile of brick buildin;;, rits lii<;li ; in the uppcrniofl of I- f;ini lis H.l/xvir Ind his print- Adjomin,- to the fchool is the rdcn, whtic the pr-'ftfTor rta.ls in ij'i'any. Tiic library contains nanu'.ciipts ; and thf theatre for is I'le I'ln^li in Europe, lltrc uf.'.f'o:-i.:ii of the bcft cloths and Holl.oid, thetL beint; no lei's than ■nrknien ttn|'loyed in them, is fa-nous for the Innt; fieue it ), in 1-73. againft the Spaniards. Hir niili.s K. of the i'ta, i;S. S, larlein, and 20 S. VV.of Amfter- vcn. 4. 33. E. lat. :2. lo, N. It, one of the I'hilippmc Ifland";, about 40 leaguf. in length, and ij; niferente. Its fvil, on the E. fidf, fertile ; but there are very hi;;h ins that cut it almoft throu;;h the and occallon fo great an alteration ir, that when it is v iiiter en t'.e it is iummcr on the S. ficle of liic Thus v!un the inhabitants of rt of tlic iiUnd reap, the others id they have two plentiful harvtlis car, to which the rivers defcend- m the abovementi'Mied mountains ttlc contribute. The iil.ind con- out i)ooo inhahitan's, who pay tvi- 1 the Spaniards, in rice, wax, iks. Ljn. 125. o. E. lat. 11. IN A, a town of the kingdom ol fi.atcd on a bav )• ^- 'at 47. >'|. N. ne Uimniiii >'t incloMDo'intains ElCiU.A, or I, VC'l.fM.f.tCOI.A, »re To liijjh, that ihey are alwitys covered like in lit liin of Naples, fornici!)r with fniiw ; but below are very pita- famous for plenty of excellent lifii j hut iant and fruiilul vaiiiii. 'J'l.ty were for- in i.?J''i an Laithi|uike iLijipencd, which nurly famous f.jr uiiar-trces} but now clian-^ed one part of it into a 111 aintain of th ere arc Icarce any r ■in.iimn;)'. alhes, »nd tlic other inic cral's. ItwM gripl.ers (lillinguilli tli.iu into Lihanus anciently known by the nunte of the L'l- id Anti-E'l) inns the f ,ti' r lies on the crine L .kc. S. il of Sid. in, and terinmaies i.c va:lcy, riling near t!ie mini IjII'A, a lown of Lithuania, in thr. pa. otlicis in j\v.\- .itin.ue of Troki, L Ilia, in li:. 34. T'hrv ..re 'Vptratrd from 54. N. each o'jvjr at ^n c niJ ■\ iliai.co turouirr f.mii, a t iv.n of Kent, with a market tut, anil form a counir\-, called bv the an- on Tiiurfdiv. It is feated in Romnry cienrs Crolifyr-a M;: id iH a 'ne:ubcr of the Cincjue Li'ft AU, a feaport of Coitr'- "d, 1< in ; on Ports. f)n the eart fide of it, is a heap nf the Ilaitic, It coniiih of w .rn h-iuf-??, and i? 4$ inile. N. of Meintl. Lon. 11. 4'^. E. Ut. j'u 1 1. N. Ln:o\:'.\si., a fin:'li, bur welUluilr and popaii'tis town of France, in the depart- tonib Ito'ics, which they pi tteiid was the of Crifpin and Cnlpi.inus, It :s ih miles S. of Ciiiterbiuy. and 71 S. E. of Lon- d)n. Lon. 1. 4'. is. lit. 50. 5K. N. ' Liuruui), a\ilh;;e (;f Dev^nfliire, nient of Giroiidc and late province of (luiatid on ti'K river r.,i(l, about tint c miles Giiieiinc, It is one of il".;; naples of the E. of Bicnt Tor. It was once a f.;moii» comniirce of Bjurde.a.x, aid is Icated on tov.-n, with a lallh-, the ciflody of whic'i tile river Doidu inc, 20 miles N. E. of was cniinitted to men of hii.'h rank ; and li.iurdeaux, and 20? S by \V. of Paris, it fvice lent tniembers top .rbiinent. The Lon. o. i:. \V. la;. 44. 5';. N*. p.iriih inny now c.;mpare tor lamls and li- Licii, or IjICH A. a foKn of Germany, i)criics with a''>y in the kin|;dr>m, the in the l.iiuihravatc of HlIIc', and ciini'v of \\ h'jle fiireil of D^rtMio'r being in the Solnis, 21 mil«s N. of I'ranefort. Lju. 8. 42. E. lir. i;o. 15. N, Lit mil: I n, a ne.T. wr'l built ci'v of Stafloid.iiire, with two market-;, on TutC- day and S.iturcfav. it is a eiiv and coun- ty of itdlf, and unites with Coventry in forming orj epifcopal fee. It contains til . p u iih-cluirchcG, beiidi" the catludrak winch is a handiom'; lirui'ture. H-.ie is a frcci'ehool, and two liofpi'.:il3. Lichfield is feated in a fin>: chunpnign ciiritry, 14 miles S. E. of 'jt'.tllrd, and 119 N. \V. of London. Lon. 1. 4j.. W. lit. 52. 54. N. LlCHTHN'DF.Rr,, a cafile of France, in the department of Lower Riiine and b.'-: pravince of Allacc, leated on a r ck, near the Voi'^jis mount. lins, and confidered as impregnaiiie. It is 12 mii.s from Hn- giienau. Lon. 7. 4-,. E. lat. 4S, S5- N. Lici; u- \Bi KG, a town of Gcmi.iny, -. , - -, - in tlic ciivlo of Fr.mconia, and mi.rgravatc and lubjert t.) thai city of Culleiiibach, 20 miles N. E. of the lat. 49. 10. N. town of Cullcmbaeh. Lon, 12. 2,E.lat. Li r.rKtNsiioKK, a fortrefj of I)ut.-h 50. 2. irisrcvtm in the circle of Franconia and bii!:opric milts L\. VV. of Anr.verp. Lon verge of. it. The bridge is thrown over a p.irt of the river that is pent bjtwecn two rocks ; and the v.ater is at fich a deptli iielow, that pifTcnger* can only hear the noile of the w:'rcr, with JUt I'eeing it. Near this is a very line c itara'^l. It isnine Piiles S. by \V. 'f Okehaiiipton, and 204 S, VV.of London. * Linm f , a river of Scotland, in Rox- burnhlliirc, tlu: only river in rliat county tint tlows Iniithwaid. It fills into the S dway Frith, near the ir.outh of the Efk. LiiiDisD.M.K, adiilvittof R^xbu^gh• fliire, in S,:otland, compreficnding the whole fouthet n iv^r'.': of tii it ci.'niity. T! e cotinrry a.linits of lirtle cultivation, and is rhiefiy eniploved in pafture. fj!(:.";rn:s'AU, a t nvn of Gurmany, in the- circle of Franconia, and margravate of Anfp'ch, 17 iiiilcB S. of Niiieinbur^', Lon. II. 12. li. of Bamberg, fer.tedonthe river Maine, is loilts N. K of IJambeig. Lon. 11. 12. E. Lit. 50. 16. N. Liciisi ALL, a handfomc t;iwn of S\"i!'- ftrldiiJ, jiii the county of lii,\i; Ceai.d on .4.iS.E. lat. 51. 17. N. ■* LtKiiE, a larg" ancient, and pojjulous city of G.'rinany, in the c:icle of V*cft- plia!ia, and cai'.r.al of a billiopric c.f the lame r.ame. ileit ilie rivvr Ivl.^iflfc^ sd^&^^M^sitiievi^maiiiiBmuhr^ I ITTV. L I c; , W,rk »ffcr and comnlcfely rtinftated the biflmp and h.M.« ' 'l'f""K'' i!i,, Forme y KrcLl. to-^. P"flcll. ... ot the :.ty, ..ml ct- .he inlnbltants w""l'' .""^''T' ., . r .. from ,hc dUc u. .7)J. the c.u^ciu wcr. liaJ built two fir from ihcpUcio r )i, ilie ciu^ciu wcr once nurc <\>hg>^^\ to fuhmit. U^^c u I- mil . S. W- of MielhifUt, :\iul oz S. v,;;h"thnlc in the fuv, make .o in Tcc,.'bab:.lf..ntab,. n,:myrcl..U.... 1. I, ,vur whole- cinoiH nuii\ bi: ill ^'llc Ttc'p'l-- ft.udhuc. arc .he bi, . ;-s Jntef .he townl.n.fc, .ncl .he S al On.hcf.c-..sotthc.uc.arc mc French in "7o' Tbt a lilt, r'.'t™jk it in *r n thcR.nchbci.,cait3,.an... o^ but were obh.cd.o ran. tUcUg. L tl c approach of the duke of M.irl ^"";'.rh;rc wUh cot^funld the b.li;op-, ^Ti with a Uhc furniture and wi.tmgs. SriM^l . -ncoftl.. .n.llcon.ukr- abicccLiii , /■ „f ,0,000 duciits. has anannualrLNtnucor 3 o, ^^^ In the lat.i:"- rutot the uar i, *" '" . ' .. 1. ,..„.., fir run thi; :1 .ni the S. bv LuNtiubur- atid the ArdciuK'. ; and on .he W. by Brabant, and the count V of Nin.ur. It i^ fru.tf.d in coin and fruit:-, and contains niine» ot iron, k.d, and coal, bcr.ac auarrics of inaii.le, The b.lliop \i '1-tUd by the chapter, c^mju.fed of 6j "»"n*i ""'' ''^^ "I'"''' ii ot the fame name. . • .1 L1KSIN A, an illaiid of Dibnatia, in the i;i;lf of Venice, about jS milts lonj;. and •,2 broad. It abounds in corn, oiu.s l.dion, and wine j and belongs to the V e- hifsiNA, afeaportof D.»lmitia, capi- tal of the ia.iud of the fame tiam.-, wiiU R hiihop's fee, and a fo.trels ou an m- accelbl.le niount^iin. It wa^ attacked by the Tuiks in i^oo, but they were en- tirely defeated. Lou. li. ij. K. lat. 43- ^°LitsiF, a town of France, in the de- partment ol Ai.ne and lale proVliue of Picardy, famous for an image ot thu vir- g,n Nlary, to which a great number of pii.Mim'i uled to rclort. It is hx ,,,... :,;habi-irt. having vehemculv complaine rifnigin the ccunty <> "^^ ±Z\ Zl ur hft infaUd'upon a regular d.-^rr-.r "' As the bilhop and ci.ipter V- c.L\ fafetv. left the city, and ap- W. thence into Kikhrc, and then tutn- in- N. E. prUle-, tbroUi;b the county ot Dublin, and i>y .h« city of tlvat name, taU- in.r.ntothelribSca,ahttlebelowit. lirKOR... a town of Ireland in the county of U'negal, »+ nnles N. Ji. ot at lad toUowed by '"'^'P'";- f'- .^ Auitrian isuy s VI' f ....i-,,r^ ,,rT ti'i-ir de- L,GS-iT/. a town nf Germany, in aces, .u ....;-■■. -7 ,vr Au- Silefia, capital of principality of the lame nfequcnce of which, the Au- ^ • ^ j ^.^f,i, (-..-..d on the rivulet «nanse .» (;;;«--»^;i,Stl:; :^;om,^S.0f GIog.w. Lo„. tC. 3O. r U^n^r;:^'^^'^ the. fuLuons. lat. S"- .0. N. crees : in <"»" llriaos entere L I (J Ictely rcinrtatcd the liiHinp nnri ]tlitir mithoriiy. Jii itii, the [)ofltlli 111 otilu' :itv, .mil il. icr rcvolutlun ; but kliiii^ dri. in 1I.H.C in 17 )j, (lie ciiuciu WLiJ I iili^cil to fubiTjit. W\Lgc ii . \V- of M icliiithr, :ii«l Oi S. i^iu. Lon. 5 40. h',. Ui. 50. a billir>nri( of Germany, in tli.- V'cltphalM, l>t)iin(ltJ on tlic N. t nncl GucklirLinil ; un the i'.. ichits of Liinljiitg :inil Juliers; V l.ustmlmr^ ;itiil ilic Arclcinu'. ; lio \V, bv Hr.il)ant, aiiJ tht N initir. It it IrLiitfi:! in corn , aiiJ contains niincs of irun, c )ul, bfl',i!e au;:rrics of ni;iii)lc. n[) ii (lucltJ by the chapter, of Oj canons; and the capital f.unc n:inK'. s A, an illaiul of D ihnatia, in thf tiiicL, aiiout 5H mili-s K;nj;. and It nb^un;!'. in corn, oli'. ts wiiiL J and belongs to the V'e- NA, a fcapurt of Dalmitia, capi- e illund of the fame nami', with 's fee, and a lortrel'si on an in- : niouni ain. It wai attacked by 'lii ill I -,00, but they were eii- iuatcd. Lou. li. 13. li. lat. 43. IE, a town of France, in tlic dc- t of Ail'ne and late province of , fanions for an imajjc (jf thu Vir- ry, to which a great number of ul'ed to refort. It is I'lx i,'\:b Laon. Lon. 3. 51. E. i:i:. 49. i:y, a liver of Ireland, whiili, I the county of Witkluw, run:i lice into Kildarc, and then tu:n- li. p-iIlL'. throui;h the county ot and iiy tht; city of tlvat name, fall- thc Iri !i Sea, a little below it. ORU. a town of Ireland, in the of U-negal, tv niiles N. E. of I. Lon. 1;. 45. W. lat. t,^. 47. N. iE, a town of Auftrian lliinaulr, liver Dcnder, iz miles N. \V. i. Lon. V 4;. E.lat. :.o. 33. N. MERES, a town of France, in the cnt of Cher and late province of ,vith a cohcj;ia(c church and a caC- miles S. S. VV. of B-Jurgts. Li.n. :. lat. 46. 47. N. ;iT/,. a town of GeriTiany, in capital of principality of the lame vith a caftlc; ft.ued on the rivulet • miles S. of GlogJ.w. Lon. 16. 36. 10. N. LiGNV, L I M LICNY, a handfumc town of Fiance, in (he dcuartmcnt of Mculv and late duchy of Bar, with a caDle, a collc((iatc church, and a handl'otiie u^rk ; fcated on the river Orney, 8 mihs S. E. of Uar-lc- diic, and 11^ S. E. uf Pant. Lon. 5. 16. £. lac. 48. 39. N. L1C11M. a feaport of Afia, in the penin- fula of Malacca, capital of ,\ fmall territo- ry of the lame nanic, \<.ith a ma^v^ioc be- lungiflK to the Dutch K. India Company. It it leatcd on the caDern coall, and it in th< kioedom of Siam. Lon. 100. 5. E. lac. 7. 40. N. LicuEiL, a town of France, in the de- partmenc of Indre and Loire and late pro- vince of Touraine, Icated on a brook, in a fertile country, 13 miles 3. S. E.of Touri. Lon. c. il. E. lat. 47. 3. N. LiLLERi, a town of France, in the de- partment of the ftraits of Calais and late province of Ariois. Its fortificatinnv arc dcmolilhcd. It it fcated on the river Na. »cz, 17 miles N. VV. of Arras. Lon. i. 35. E. lat. 50. 30. N. LiLLO, a forircfs of Dutch Hrali.int, fcated on the E, fide of the river Schcid, 8 miles N. of Antwerp. It W4s built t, of the inrpii' lion, of rhccrufado, an.lof th. ■.mIIs. Earthquakes arc here viry frc |Ucnf, and (uiTie have done this city a great d.al of dam,ige, pirticularly that in 174ft, hy which It was iilmi.it dcltroyed. 'flic in- habitants arc f) rich, tlii.t when ."^.e vice- roy, lent Iruin Spam in i6«;, miole liif piil.'lic iriii.ince into this city, ihe ii habit, ants pivfd the l^rcets he was lo pi|» thKiugh wiih ingots of filver. The inha- bitants are vcty debiiiched, hut, at the fame time, extrcinclv fuperftiii.nis ; ar,d they have a ftroio' luliif m the power of charms. Ahniit ;i fourth part of the city confills (.f iit'u.ks aiul nuns, wio are not m r<; ch .fte than tht reft ; and it anv one happen to riv ,1 ,1 monk, lie is in dnnger of his lite ; lor thev alwavs carry a ii^i;ger under iheir frock. The mod profligate of them think they can atone tor a I their crinits, by ticarmi', a iiiafs, or kifllng the robe of St. Francis, or St. Doniintc ; and then thty retvirn to their former jiraftfiees. Liinn is fcated in a plealant and fertile plain, on a (mall river, near the lea. Lon. 76. 44. W. lat. 12, I. N. Lima, the audience of a large province ofS. America, in I\ru, lying on the South Sea, with an extenlive valley and i- river of lilt fame name. It is bounded .n the N. by the audienrc of Q^iro, on the E. by the Aiuh.s, on the S. bv the audience de los Charcos, and on the W. by ihe S. Sea. There are feveial animals in this province, which are very tierce and d.'.ngituus, ef- pccjally near the mountains j but that which they call a lion is nor one, for it is more like a woll, and never attacks man- kind. However, there are vtry L-rge tawny fibers, which arc as wild aiid fierce as thole of Africa. LiMALE, a town of Auftrian Brabanr, fraird on the nvcrDylt, 13 iniits ii. E. of Bruflels. Lon. 4. 42. E. lat. 50. 4». N. LiMBum;, a town of the Auftrian Ntthcrhr.ds, capiial of a duchy of the fame name. It was taken hy the French in iC,7<;, and by the allies in i/o.', but ahcrwaid ceded to the Auf.fians, the for- U b titica- irrw L 1 N tif.cninniKav.n- been f.rft <'['"'^"!"'^; j,,,,, >vlKrc thclord xvanUn of the Cm.|uf Here i. a n>a.n,!.^.tory ot wn. cr. ^ |^- >;' ,, ,,, ..mnnco up-m h.^ 5. R. U(. io. 3^. M. NLihcr- ni'M cf the U...11.U1 svall-.. Here v*.i, LiMU'HO. apruvmcc ''f '^« ^ ''>", \,„„,,\. a ciftlc n.vv converted into i l-.n,i ru'-icit part ytotlie Aultrutu, .iiui i'thk ly ■ <-. ^. N. ;.nd !■:. by .!.c duchy o, JuM.. _,I;^^- ^^T' on p^ft c name. ' LiMKiui-K, or I.ovoii Mi ATiT. a cUvof lrel,>nd,iniheo..inty ot tl,e I .me name. It is the metropolis of the p.-..vmce ,„„.,» town of Ireland, in thf coun V of Londonderry, 14 »"'«» N. E. o» Lm'oiulcrrv. ..,«■! , • I.iMMAT, a nvcr nf Swilltrlm' . vvliith i» formed by llic jiini'tion of il. M,it .ind the Lmih ; ihc former iirmii.' from the N. W. extremiiv of tiie like > t WalUnHa.lt, and the litter ttowmi; frrm the S. The Limmaf. continuint;its coiirit N VV. Iliwi through t'lie like of '/.uridi, •ind vvnterink; I'.aden, f.iU. into the rivci Aar, b.low that loan. rj 11 LiMDdi."!, an ancient and conlidcraiil' „,Mun.ier. a;d;:r{h;V;on;„ifortrc. ^ ;';.^:;--, l-tn^orLo n!/ in Ireland. Wi.li.n a centmv, .t wa ^PP^Jj;'; ,,irt,,,p\ fee. It .s a trad.n reckoned the fccnd c,.y in the k.n^dom . ^'"; "' /j/^'^^f,, ,,, i„gr,at eftccn iS"j™. ■;;-"'" :.';=•:/- ^'"' '--■■ - - "■■ "• - "■ Irill. and Kn!;lilhl-own; the latter litu.U. cd on an dland, formed bv the river Sh.m- non,\ndeaUedHingMna.ul. Limerick is three miles in circumference, and has markets on Wedneldav and S.-ur. ay. The linen, woollen, and paper iiianutac- tiircs arc carried on here to a great extent -, wd the export of piovitions is very con- fiderabb . Uefide the cathedral and other ,ui.\, jj'^.». •• *-^. — -. .■ - LiMOMN, a late proviMce of trancr bounded on the N. by La Marchc, on '-<^, ./"^^y.;?'; P "'VJ. eat tk and IvX. I*; is now the depar {;;:;^a^tSoS t,:c:Srof £::l, me. of upper Viennc, of which Lin.. this city in ifno; bit, in .69'. the j;... - r.fon Surrendered on a veiy hr.nour.nble can"ala.ion. It i^ 4-- 't^'I^; »• "f <- '''^ 'W andV4S.W.of Dubhn. Lon. S. 34.\V'- lat. <,i- 4» in liio department of Aiide and Ix. province of Langucdcc. It has a man .- hiaory of cloth ; and its environs produi- an excellent white wine, called Li HI' «,Me 'y .^'^^ y' J' of Treves, formerly free an- cletkoratc of Treves, formerly free an. imperial. It u featcd on the river Ijhn ,0 mUes E. of Natlau, and jo N. 0! Mont/. Lon. :. 5.. E. lat. ?o 24. N-. LiN'CMANiiti, a town of N. Ameri in New Spain, and in the territory Yucat:'.n, to miles from Selem. Lon. ro. VV. lat. 20. 40. N. ,, on the S. bv Cork, and on ilic E. by Fip perary. It contains. 30 P^'nftes, and fends Lht members to parliament. It is a fer- tile countrv, and well inhabited, tuough the W. part= »'<= mountainous, i-inie- rick is the capit,^l. L.Mivti:, aviUaire in Kent, four miles from Romncy. It was formerly a port. L 1 N tnt crandrvir. Ii nftd tn he ihe ■re ihc lord warden of the C'liKiuf 1 fwiirn, .It \\\s tntrHncL- up-m \\\\ rhe Ro'ti.in r"A<\ tmm C.\nti,rbii- d Siuiic-ltr':ct, tntlcd litre i an.i br w i.f ill lull miy be icin tlie the Rd.ii.ui wall-.. Here vt.u :i caHic now converttd into i VADY, a town of Ireland, in thf f Londonderry, i4niilc»N. E. nt Iirry. MM AT, a river of SwilTcrlin . I, forniid by the jmii'tion of il. d ilic Linili i iIk- f.irmcr iiruui.' e N. W. cxtrcmiiv of tlic like '^ lK» ; Vicnne iind l.itK territory "f I'ii"" ith a bidi.'p's fee. It IS a traJin iiid its horl'cs ar« in groat tfteci' cited on the riv^r Vienm , 51 m.' of l'erigu.u.x, and 1 10 K. of Hnir . Lon. I. to. H.. U. 45. to. N. MO.^IV, a late province of Francr led on the N. by La Marchc, on tit Auvergnc, on tlic S. by Qiicrci. n theW. bv Perigird and An;;.iu- It wai divided inro the Upper ;uv' cr, the former of which is very coU:, the latter more ttinperatc. It is i:-- I with fortlh of chcfnut-trtcs nr.'. lins mints of lead, copper, tin, an ' . but the principal trade confifts i: c an.l horles. It is now the depan- t of Upper Viennc, of which Linv^.i ic capital. .iMoi'x, a commcrcmltowp of hranrc the dcpariment of Aude and Lit vincc of I/angucdoc. It has a man .- ory of cloth ; and its environs produir excellent white wine, called La lilr. tie df Lhnoux, the Terrv of Limi.;i>. is feated on the river Aude, r m''- , by S. of Narbonne; and 50 S. K. mloufe. Lon. 1. 16. E. lat. 43. 4. N. LiMi'iuif;. a town uf Germany, m t..> ttorate of Treves, formerly free an iperial. It i» feated on the river 1 ^l-' , mUes E. of Naffau, and 10 N. font/. Lon. 7. st.E.lat.^o 24.N. LiNCiiANiiti, a town of rJ. Amerd, New Spain, and in the territory ■ '. ucatan, 10 miles from Sclem. Lon. ' 0. W. lat. 20. 40. N. ; Li-cciiR, or LiNKK, a ftronn; town T' ranee, in the dttpartment of the Nortii, r.d late province of l-'rench I'land.r.- (cute: — -. r- 1. 1 .N — ' fcat.d on » river, ..n;,U.S.W^fT>un. kirk. L-.n.J. »^. K.I i«. .<••"• ^; .. , xvil om.rVetonKrfd.y. It ih pie d ui.lv r::ied /n the >h!e..K. lull.. .ntncUi.h.,.. wlluhhered.^ideO,...'hrc■el>^an. . ,,,,|.on,Hrlv .othar.ht* ^vh.cU • re now vedi,:ul to 14. l.crid. -he cathedn . I i„ Knlmd. The cthcdrd is much al- i.^Ci.s interior, in hiteft....c./v^>;^h , the richell nnd h.'htell C,. nc ftvl ■ ' .ir^s..:.Ule..untor,n«.t. I.in^^^^^^^ U- d. two meiidHr^ to pariiment, and i nry of ttlelf •, whole Itnerties extend milts in citcumfercnc n Colli twi'nty The - — • li 1 -n nifal of tlic pnivincc of W. f5ot!i!an(f, wilh n bilh p"* lee. Jt Ih fettcd on iht hike Wenncf, •' miles N. \V. of Skar, and i< S, W.'f Stotkli'.lm. Lon. ij. ^. v.. Int. «4. M. N. l.ivitu', n (Wong, free, and imperial town ot (lumii'y. in the tirele 'if Snabii. Hir.- 1 a eulthr ited nhliry < f caivinelfes, wh i!c il h fs 1% a princels of ihe empire , antcd their extreme hviftncis ; anil th. not only of the largclj hreecl li. for Ihecp are o" ' -• — ,•-■. , bu, .are clothed wUh a hnj; thick wo.., pculuirlv fitted for the w,n lied ,indc. arc woollen inanufartures. Lincoln b the ca- ^'fis-tn-.N-FFMs. or LiNM>KN,Fi.n. a town of Germany, in the pn'atinate o the Rhine, .7m.UsN.nf Hcuhlberg. Lon. 8 ■-. E. Ut. 40- -p. N. -LiNinsKAUNE.SeeHoi.Yl^r.Axn. I tSDKOPJNO, a town ot Sweden, tu- LiNi. niKiow, a borniiph of ScotlantJ, the county-town of Linlithi;ow(hire. It ftands on'arifui!' i^round, overlooking a lake at the E. end "f the town ; and i» an ancient, hrjje, rci^ular, and uell-built plate. Here the kin-js of Scotland hail one of their nohicfk pal.ices now in ruiiis : b'lt here is ftill lliewn the room in which Mary nueen of Scots wni Ivirn. Linlith- go.v is 16 miles VV. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 54- W. lit. ?r>. 0..N. I>|sji.iTiu;nvvsiiii!K, or \\ f.st Lo- ■llltAN, acoiii'.tv of Scotland, bou .'I'd nri the N. by the frith of Forth, on the K. bv Edininirihlhite, on the S. W. by \.^- iitrKihire.ard o;i the W. hy Siiilngfliirc. It is near 10 nnles loni; from N. I'., to S._ VV. hs brea.ltb, except on ihc ihorc ot" the Ff rtli, does not exceed u- LiNosA, an iiland of the Medlierra nean, on the ci.all of Africa, 11 milt? fror.T Lampedofa : ir is about 11 nnles in circumference. Lon. 11.31. E. lat. 36. 50. N. j.is'T/, a handiome town of G imany, caMital of Upper Aultihi, uith >\\) forf- fu'a oftl'.s, the ..nc upon a hill and the other below it. Here is a hall, in which the ftatts »ffembh', abiidgcovtr tlie Da- li b i . - nube, Ef L T P nube, »n, &c. Lii'ARi, the largeft, moft fertile anJ populous of the Lipari Iflands, about 1 5 milt; ill circumference. It was ccio- brated among the ancients ; and, by the delcription of Ariftotle, it appears to have been confidt red by the failois in his time, ■what Sirombolo is in ours, as a lighthoufe, as its fires were never cxtinguilhcd. It has not luiftrcd from fubterraneous fires for many ages paft, though it every v»hcre bears the mirks of its former ftate. The form of this ifland is very irregular; and in this volcanic fpcr. fuch a number of fpiracles have been opened, that the great- fit part of them are confounded with each »ther. It abounds with the currant grape ; cotton alio grows here ; and great quanti- ties of pumice arc gathered. Its capital is «i' the lame name. LlPAul, aa ancient town, the capital •f the iiland of Lipari, in the Mediterra- nean, v.'ith a b\;lbop's fee. It was ruined LIS in 1 544, by BarbarofTa, who carried away all the inhabitants into flavery, and demo- liflicd the place ; but it was rebuilt by the emperor Charles V. The principal trade of the inhabitants is in the exportation of the produdls of the ifland ; but the chief necelTaries of life are imported ^from Si- cily. This town has a gar-ifon ; and ftandi on the S. fide of the ifla.id. Lon. 15. 30. E. la-. 38. 35.N. LlPPA, a town of Hungary, in the bai.nat of Tcmefwar, with a caftle. It WEiS taken by the Turks in 1551, and vva<; retaken by the Imperialifts in 168S, and by the Turks again in 1691, who aban- doned it in 1695, after having demoliflied the foi'tifications. It is feated on a moun- tain, 11 miles N. E.of Temefwar, and 75 N. E, of Belgrade. Lon. zi, 45. E. lat. 45. 5>-N. I.ippK, a river of Gern" .ly. in the cir- cle of Wcftphalia, which ht- u^ fource in the bifliopric of Paderborn, wafhes th« tow n of the fame name, and that of Ham ; afte- which it falls into the Rhine, a little above Wefel. LiPSTADT, a confiderable town of Germany, in the circle of Wcftphalia, capital of the county of Lippe. It was formerly free and imperial ; afterward it was fubjeft to its own counts, and now to the king of PrulFia. It carries on a good trade in preparing timber for building veflels on the Rhine, with which it has a communication by the river Lippe. It is feated in an unhealthy raorafs, 17 miles W. S. W. of Paderborn, and 30 S. E. of Munfter. Lon. 8. 30. E. lat. 51. 42. N. LiquE.itown of France, in the depart- ment oFthe Straits of Calais and late pro- vince of Artois, 1 1 miles W. of St. Omei . Lon. t. 0. E. lat. ;o. 45. N. Lire, a town of Auftrian Brabant, feated on the river Nethe, nine miles N. of Mechlin, and it S. E. of Antwerp. Lon. 4, 16. E. lat. 51. g. N. Lis, a river of the Netherlands, which has its fource in Artois, and running N. E. into Flanders, palfes by Aire, St. Ve- nam, Armentieres, Menin, Courtrav, ami Deynfe, and then falls into the Scheid a: Ghent. I.iSBO>f, the capital of Portugal, . large, rich, celebrated city, one of tlic principal of Europe, with an archbifliop\ fee, a univerfity, a tribunal of the inquifi- tion, a flrong caftle, and a harbour ■.' miles in length. The Iquares, puhhc buildings, and palaces, were magnificent ; but it was almoft totally deftroyed by an earthquake, Nov. I, 1755. The harboui will ctijitiun ten thoufaiid fail of fliip:. whith LIS ' )y BarbarofTa, who carried away lab'tants into (lavery, and domu- place ; but it was rebuilt by the Charles V. The principal trade abicants is in the exportation of i6ts of the ifland ; but the chief i of life arc imported ^from Si- i town has a gar-ifon ; and ftandi fide of the iftand. Lon. i c. lo. E. 5.N. , a town of Hungary, in the f Tcmcfwar, with a caftle. li I by the Turits in 1552, and vva<; by the Imperiaiifts in 1688, and urks again in 1691, who aban- in 1695, after having demolifhed cations. It is feated on a moun- liles N. E.of Temefwar, and 75 Belgrade. Lon. ii, 45. E. lat. , a river of Gerff .>y in thr- cir- 'eftphalia, which ht- u^ fource in pric of Paderborn, wafhcs th« he fame name, and that of Hiim ; ch it falls into the Rhine, a little efcl. ADT, a confiderable town of , in the circle of Weftphalia, ■ the county of Lippe. It was free and imperial ; afterward it ft to its own counts, and now to of PruiFia. It carries on a good preparing timber for building the Rhine, with which it hab nication by the river Lippe. It is an unhealthy morafs, 17 miles V. of Paderborn, and 30 S. E. Her. Lon. 8. 30. E. lat. 51. :. 1 town of France, in the depart- he Straits of Calais and late pro- Artois, 1 1 miles W. of St. Omei . 3. E. lat. ;o. 45. N. a town of Auftrian Brabani, I the river Nethe, nine miles N- in, and ii S. E. of Antwerp. 16. E. lat. 51. q. N. river of the Netherlands, which )i>rce in Artois, and running N. landers, pafles by Aire, St. Ve- mentieres, Menin, Courtrav, ami and then falls into the Schcld at ^f, the capital of Portugal. . ch, celebrated city, one of tlu: of Europe, with an archbifhop 'j iverfity, a tribunal of the inquifi- Irong caftle, and a harbour 1. length. The fquares, p'..blii- , and palaces, were magnificent . IS almoft totally deftroyed by an ke,Nov. I, 1755. The harboui :iUA ten thoufand fail of fliip:. whitii ^ ' L I S which ride in the greateft fafeiy ; and the city, being viewed from the lou.hern Ihore of ilic river, affords a beautiful profpcft, as the buildmgs gradually rile above each other. It is feated on the river Tajo, 10 miles from the mouth of it, 17S VV. by N. of Seville, and 2?; S. by W. of Madrid. Lon. 9. 5. W. far. 38. 41. N. LisBURN, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Antrim. It was burnt down ,ibout 5 1 years ago ; but it is now rebuilt in a near, handfume manner, and has a l.u-gc manufaftory for linen-cloth. It is Icated on the river Laggan, eight miles S. W. of Belfaft. Lon. 6. o. W. lat. 54. 41. N. LiscA, one of the Lipari Iflands, in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a fmall deftrt fpot, three miles S. W. of the ifland of Strombolo. LtsiKR, St. a fmall ancient town of France, in the department of Arritge, lately an epifcopal fee in the province of Couferans. It has a chapel, which has been famous for the refort of pilgrims. It is feated on the river Satat, ;;o milts S. E. of Auch, and 390 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. I. i;. E. lat. 42. ;6. N. LisiEi'X, an ancient town of France, in the department of Calvados, and la-.tly an epifcopal fee in Normandy. The churches, and the late epifcopal palace and convents, are handfome ftrufturcs. It is a place of good trade, particularly in linen cloth, and is feated at the confluence of the Touque and Orbec, 12 miles from the fca, and 40 S. \V. of Rouen. Lon. o. 20. E. lat. 49. 1 1. N. Lisi.K, a large, handfome, and ftrong town of France, in the department of the North and late province of French Flan- ders, of which it was the capital. It is cftcemed one of the richcft and mod com- mercial towns in France ; and the inhabit- ants are computed to be 65,000. It is called Lifle (that is, L'ljle, The ifland) bccaufe it was formerly furroondcd by marflies, which have been drained by the induftry of the inhabitants. Its ciiadcl, conftrufted by Vauban, is fuppofed to be the fineft in Europe next to that of Tu- rin. The ftreets, particularly thofe of the New Town, are adorned with noble build- ings. . The Great Square and the Little Square, are both diftinguiflicd in this re- Ipeft ; and among the public ftrufturcs moll worthy of notice, are the exchange, a magazine of vaft extent, and a gencial hofpital very lately built. In another hofpital, called 1' Hopital ComteC-:, the poor were fcrved (at Icaft before the late revolution) upon plate. They have ma- nufaftures of all forts j but thtir princi- .L. TT pal trade is in camlets. Lille was taken by the duke of Marlboroujf;h, after three months fiegc, and the lols ot many thou- lands of men, in 1708 ; hut it was rcfior- ed to the French by the treaty of L'treeht, in 1713, in confidcrjtion of their demo- lifliing the fortifications <,f Dunkirk. In 1792, it fuflaincd a itvtre bimbaidment from the Auftnans; who, hovv ever, were obliged to raife the fiege, on the approaili of a fuperiur French army. It is feated on the tivcr Deult, 1 4 miles W. of Tour- ney, 32 S. VV. of (;iicnt, 37 N. \V. of Mons, and 1 30 N. of Paris. Lou. 3. 9. E. lat. 50. 3^. N. LisMORE, one of the Weftcni Iflands of Scotland, lying in a fpacioiis hay, be- tween Mull and the coalt of Ari;vlcfliire. It is a fertile iil.ind, about nine nulei long, and two broad ; and was the refidence of the bilhops of Ari:yle\ LibON/o, a river in Italy, which has its lourct in Upper Carinthia, runs through part of the republic of Venice, and fdls into the gulf of Venice, at the harbour of the lame name. l.issA, an ifland in the gulf of Venice, on the coall of Dahintia. belonging to the Venetians, where ;bcy have a lilliery of pilchards and anchovus. Ir produces ex- cellent wine, and is v^. niiks W. of Ragu- fa. Lon. 17. o. E. la'. .1;. 52. N. Lis- A, a town of Pi la!v!. in the pala. tipate fif Polnia, ^o miles \',' of KaliJh. Lon. 16. 50. F.. lar. 52. o. N. LissA, a villaj.e of Silefia, 16 miles frcim BreOaw, ren, ;rk ihle for a g. eat vir. tory gained by tiic Pruflians over the Auftriaub, in 1757. Liriiu AKi A, a large country of Eu- rope, which was anciently governed by its grand dukes, bur, in i;69, was united to the republic of Poland, under one cjed^tive king. It is bounded on the S. by Vol- hinia ; on the VV. bv Little Poland, Po- lachia, PruHia, and Samcgitia ; on the N. by Livonia and Rulfia, which laft alfo bounds it on the E. It is ab'.nit 300 miles in length, and 2^0 in breadth, and is wa- tered by fcveral large rivers, the prin- cipal of which are, tnc Dnieper, Dwina, Nicman, Pripccz, and Bog. It is a flat country, like Poland, and the lands are very proper for tillage. The foil is not only fertile in corn, hut it produces honey, wood, pitch, and vaft quaniitics of wool. Tliev have alfo excellent little hirfes, which they never flioe, btcaufc their huofe arc very hard. There are vaft f(.-refts, in which are bears, wolves, elks, wild rxcn, lynxes, beavers, wild cats, iVc. and cat;!es and vultvires are very comrniin. In thcic fortfti, large pieces of yellow amljer IJ b 3 art L I V ♦ arc frequently ilu^ up. The country I'wrirnii vvitli Jews, who, tliou^h nume- loiis in LVfiy other part of rolaiui, fccm to have fixed their htaclniiiineri in ihi-. duchv. " W you nft: for an interpreter," lUys Mr. Coxe, " they bring you a ]cm ; if you conic to .m inn, the landlord is a Jtvv ; if yon wunt pc iHiorfts, a Jew pro- cures them, and a Jew tlrivts them; if you wifli to purchife, a Jew is your agent; and this, perliips is the only coun- try in Kurope, wheru Jews cu!tiv:ite the ground : in palilni; ihiou^h Lithuania, we frequently faw them cr.j;agcd in low- ing, reaping, mowing, and lither works of hulhandrv- The peaf:ints of this coun- try are in a ftate r,f the mod abjeft valTil- age. In 1772, the cniprefs of Ruirui for- cibly compel!, d the Poles to cede to her all that part of Lithu..n:a hordcrini^ upon Ruin-:!, and including' at leafi one third (f the country. This' (lie ercftcd ii.:.) the two f;ovtrnments of Tolotik and Moliilef. In i-')3, in conjiinflion with the kini; of PruiTia! Ihe cflTiaed another partition of Poland, in conleijuence of which flie ex- tended her dominion over almofl t!ic whole of Lithuania. The eftahlilhed re- lin;ion of the country, before this, was the Roman Catholic ; biit there were I^uthcr- ans, Calvinifts, Socinians, Greeks, and tven Turks, as well as Jews. * LlTiz, a town of N. America, in the ftale of Tennlylvania. Here is a l! lU- ridiinjr ftt'itnient'of the Moravians, begun in 17^7. There is now, bc'"'dc an elegant church, and the lioufcs of the fingle bre- thren and fini'le filleri, which form a Lir-e fquarc, a number of houfcs for private fa- milies, with a (lore and tavern, all in < nc ftrect. It is eight milts from Lancifttr, and 70 miles W. of riiiladelplra. LivADiA, a province of Turkey in Euro-,... It is bounded on the N. bv Jan- Tia ; on the K. bv the Archipchu^o ; on the S. by the Morca ; and on the \V. hy the Mediterranean. This province includes a-cienl Greece properly fo called, ami its capital is Seiines, the once celebrated Athens. Li VADIA, an ancient town of Turkey in Europe, in the province of that name. It carries on a trade in wool, corn, and yice, with which it furniihis all Greece; and is -S miles N. W.vf Serines, and bi S. E. of Lcpanio. Lon. 23. 26. E. lat. 38. 40. N. LiVADOSi A, a town of Livadia, feated on the gulf of T.epanto, in the iftbmus of Corinth, to the N. of a city of that name, with a bifliop's lee. L;vEN/A, a liver of Italy, in the ter- ritory ofVcuice, which runs on the con. L I V fines of Trevifano and of Fruili. Afte>- it has received the Celuu, it tails int , the gulf of Venice, between the numtii of the Piava and the town of Ca rlo. LivFRDUN, a town of France, in the department -ur'he ana 1 >'e provnice ,n, featrd on a iiiountani, near ■ Moiellc, tight fillies N. K. of >n. 6. 5. E. iat. ^8. 4';- N. RPODi,, a large, flouiilhing, ana borough aiut feaport of Lanca- ith a market on Satiiritay- At ncncemtnt of this century, it was nail village, a hamlet to the panfii •on, three miles off. It w.s ri- •„r iti rife and incrcale principally lit vvork^ ; and it is now become, V(ff to extent of commerce, th.: lorr in the kint;doin. It is fca'cd Meili-y, and has an excellent har- hith h-.s been formed w:-l> grcit nd CNpence, (liips b.ing admitted blc wet docks, feciired by larcc es. Since the completion of the; ' Brid-ewatcr's canals, the laft "t was that at Rimc-rn, a new docK n formed by the duke, ab.wc the One very tonfiderable branch of UTied onVrom this p'Tt, is that of no- flavcs on the coaft of Africa, lp.,r,ng of them in the Welt lilands, and on the continent of ncrica. The trade to Ireland is mfideiable ; many ftiips are lent to teenlaii vhale-fifherv, «"'■' ""^ ' trade hence to London employs a "umber of fliips, their car,;ocs con-- chierty of corn and cbcele ; and eood iliips arc buih here. Livev- Vmmunicates, by the Merfey, w|-.i ngton, and with a car.al. cal.Yi m'key Canal, rimning to fome co.d- ;d other works, a little way up tin V ; bv the Irwtll and the diike ot ;water's Canal, with Manchellcr; ; Weevtr, with the Chelhire lalt- i ; and by the duke of Bnduewi- :anal, with the Staffordlhne Graiv-l k and all its commnnicatitfrfs.^ ^Tlur nge is a handfomc modern edifice c f with pia/zas for the merchants, and t is the town-hall, where the courf. ice arc held, and the bufmels oftbc ration tmnfafted. Here is likcwile.;n bly room and an elegant playhoul. . new borouiih gaol is a large and ex- vc ftruaure, > n Mr. Howard's pl.:n. houffcs. in general, arc new, and buit ck. The rtone ufed here is obtaine 1 quarries in the neighbourhood : it is yellow colour, and extremely loll 1 hewn in the quarry, but hardens bv r expoltd to the air. Bcfidc the tw,. ' ^ parochi.d L L A parochial churches, there arc ten other dmrches for the eftablilhed religion; one of which (St. George's) is the corp.^ration church. This has the fronts of tlie galle- ries, the pulpir, and the altai, entirely <.t mahogany. There are alio Roman La- thohc chapels and dilfenting iiieL_tmg- hoiTcs; and, among ihe charuai.le foun- dation*, are alu.shoufes fir the wido'vs ot mariners killed or loll at fea, or decayed feamen ; and a nt'>v afvlum for lunatics. Liverpool is 18 miles W. of Warrington, and 10 i N. W. of London. Lon. i. 54- W.lat. 53.23-N. r < Ti r Livonia, a large province nt the Kui- fian empire, which, with that of lil^ii""}'*; has been reciprocally claimed and pollenecl by the three bordering powers of RuUia, Sweden, and Poland, and, fur more than two centuries, has been a conftant fourcc and perpetual fccnc of the moft bloody wars. it was finally witfted from the Swedes bv Peter the Great, and connrm cd to the Rulilans by the peace of Nyfiadt, in 1721. It now forms the Rulhan go- vernmcnt of Riga, or Livonia, of w^uch the to'vn of Riga is the capital. It is bounded on the N. by the g-n-.inment of Revel, or Efthonia ; on the E. by that of Plkof, or Plefkof ; on the S. by tlut of Polotfk and part of Poland 1 and on th.c W. by the gulf of Livonia. It is about 250 miles from N. to S. and 1 ;o from E. to W. The land is (0 fer-.ile in corn, tint It is called tlie granary of the North ; and it would produce a great deal m )re, if it were not fo full of lakes. The lllh that abound here are falmon, carp, pike. Hat fid), and many others, in the forefts are wolves, bears, elks raindecrs, ft.igs, and hares. The d-jmeftic animals are very numerous; but the (lieep bear very bad wool. Here are a great number of forelh, which conlift of birch-trces, pines, and oaks; and all the hnufes of the inh„biranis are buih with wood. They export fl;.<, hemp, honey, wax, leather, (kins, and p-talh. The c/.ar Peter, perceiving the inha!)itants did not like the change of fovereigns, compelle.,1 them to _ abaiul-.,n their country, and drove manv ot them as far as the Cafpian Sea ; but being perfiind- ed fo reed them, moft of ti-.em periliud bcf.-.re the edirt was publilhed ; lo th.c be was obliged to rcpeoplc their country with olher nations. L1/.AUT), the mod f.Hithern promon- tory of England, whem-e ihips ufually take their departure, when bnmd to the weftward. . Lon. 5. 10. VV^ Iat. 49. 57- N. Li.ANBEDF.R,a town of Cardiganlhire, ill S. Wales, with a market on 'I'uclday. L L A Tt is featcd on ilie river Tyvy, over which is a bridj-e into Carmarthenihire ; 2 + milts E. by N. of Caidiean, and 197 W. N. W.of Lond.m. Lun. 4- 13- W. Iat- ci. 15. N. •' Li.aN Dl'l.ov awr, a town of Carmar- t!i-. rlhirc, in S. Wales, with t\vo markets, on Tuefdav Rnd Sanirda;. . It is featcd on dti aken', ill the river Ti.wy, over ,\hieh is a l.androtne bridge, 1 ) miles N. E.of Car. marthen, and 1^4 W. N, W. of London. Lon. 4. 3. W. Iat. SI. 5f;- N. Llaski. LY, a town of Carmarthcn- fhiie, in S. Wales, w ith a maikLt on Tuef- day. It is ftated on a creek, trades much in coal, and is i ? miles S. by E. of Car- marthen; and 116 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. 13. W. Iat. ci. 43- N. Li.AM.AUi'CK, a iinall town of Car- marthenfl.ire, in £. VV ; les, with a mar- ket on Thurfday. It is feated between the rivers Brane and Sawihv, which foon j.in the Towv. li is 18 miles N. E. of "Carmarib.en, ai.d \A^ W. N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 3. 3 V W.lat. HI. C4. N. F,i,ANr,oi,i.i-.N, a town of Uinbigh- fliiie, ill N. Wales. Here is a beautiful bri.lge of four arches over the river Dee? I'he fcencs in the vicinity of this place -re very romantic and fublimc, tf- peeially in approaching the lofty Dtrwyn mciiui8ins, wliieh feparatc the two cun- ties of Denbigh and MerL-neih. Llangol- kn is 7 male's S. W. of U rexham, and 184 N. W. of Loiul:n. Llanimmovkry, a town of Carmar- theniliiie, in S. Wales, with two maikets, on Wednefday and Saauday. It is ftat- ed near the river Towv, ami had orcc a caille, now in ruins. It is 26 miles N. E. of C.rmarthcn, and iSi W, N. W. of London. Lon. 3. cj. W. iat. 51. Llanro. . , a fmall townof Dcnbigh- fliire, in N. Vn lies, with a marketon '''uef- day. It is featcd on the rivrr Conway ; has a go'nd market -houlc and a freefeh.,oi ; and is 15 miles S. W.of Denbigh, and xii N. W. of f.ondon. Lon. 3- "Si" W. Iat. 13. 6. N. Li. A:."T;ii:isKNT, a town of Glimor- ganfhirc, in S. Wales, with a nuirket on Fridav. It is feated in a hilly part of the county, and is an ancient place, go- verned bv a portreeve, who is Iworn by the deputy conda'nle of the caftle that fti.nds near it. It is 10 miles N. W. of Landaff, and 166 W. of London. Lon. 3. z6. W. Iat. '^i. 37- N. Li. AN VI 1. 1. 1 Mi. a town of Mcntgo- mcrvfhire, in N. Wales, with a market on Ti'.cfd.av. It is feated in a flat, among the hills, iicar the river Cane, and is a pretty good place. Jt is 15 mL'w N. of * ■ " B b 4 Mont- 1 1. w » "•—" ~^ Montgomcrv, rind i7q N. W. of London. Lon. 3 R. W. I.it. 5J. 40- N. Li.ANYDLo M a toMi of iMi.ntgomerv- fliirc, in N. VV iltf, wirh a gieai iTiivket on Scitiiiaav, fiir woollen yarn. It is i>i iniic- S. VV, ijf ?>Iontgointry, and iSo V.'. >!. W. (if London. Lon. 3. i8. W. bt. 5.. 1,,. N. Li.aii<;h AKN, a well-bir.lt town i>i CirmanlKnlTiire, in S. \V;ik«, with a market on Friday. It is fcated at the mouth of the river T.>wy, near the rums — ^^— — L u t^ LoboAi a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Eftramadura, iieated on the riv^ Gaadiana, it miles R. of Badajoz, Lon 6. 11. W. lat. 38. 32. N. LocAUNO, a town of Swiflcrland, ca- pital of adiftrifl of the fam« name, which IS (ine of the four tranfalpine bailiwicks. It contains about moo inhabitants. Part of the town is built on piazzas in the form of a crcfcent, with two wings ; and, in the front, is a row of trees, and trie public wall:. The old part of the town of two old caiHcs. It has i'ome tr^de, and js dirty, and the (Vreets are narrow. It con- is Itvcn mil. s S. W. nt C;irmarthen, and tains three convents, and a fmall Francifcan 133 W. N. VV. of London. Lon. 4. 3 3. monaftery, perched en a rock overhanging \V. lat. 51. 5;. N. the valley, and commanding a fuperb view Lo, S r. a confidcrable town of France, of the 1 Ae of Locarno and its magnificent in the department of tile Chitnnel and lite boundaries. The canopy, in the church province of Normandy. It is feated on of the Capuchins, deferves to be menti'-'ed the river Vire ; is defended by fortifica- fi,r its beautiful execution; it is of tions in the ancient manner, dug in a fteep rock; and there is a good citaiel. It has confidcrable maniifaftories offerees, Ihalloons, ribands, and ^oKl and filvcr lice. It is feated in a fertile country, 11 miles work, and almoft rivals velvet or ^old fringe. Locarno was once fituated on the lake, and had a port capable of receiving large barks : at prefent it ftands at the dif- tance of a quarter of a mile, svhich is from C uiances, and 115 W. of Paris, owing to the accumulation of fand brought Lon. o. t;3. W. lat. .19. 6. N. down by the torrent Maggia. It is 46 LoANDA, a town of Africa, capital of miles N. of Novara, and 55 N. by W. of the kingd miles iiriength, and iS.S in breadth. The king and his court refidc in a town of the fame name ; and it is fnid, that the natives arc converted to Chriftianity, at leaft the greater part of thcin. The land is fo fruitful, that they have three crops of millet in a year ; and there arc a great number of trees, whence they draw palni- winc. Their principal trade confifts in elephants' teeth, copper, tin, lead, iron, and Haves. The women cultivate the ground, fo«', and get in the harveft. Tlic inha- bitants are black, well-made, mild, and trat>able. This country lies between 10'" and i()" F- I"", and i" and 5° S. lat. Lob AW, a town of VVetlern PruflTia, with a catlle, where the bilhop of Culm j-effdes. It is z? miles from Culm. Lon. 19. o. E. lat. 53. S. N. ■ doned it in 1674, after having demolifiicd the fortifications. It is feated on the river Borrel, 10 miles E. of Zutphen. Lon. 6. 13. E. lat. s2. >«• N. * LocHER Moss, a morifs of Dum- fricsfliire in Scotland, about 10 miles in ien[;th, and three in breadth. From the vaft oak-trees that have been dug up here, it is evident that this moral's has been, at fome diftant period, a great fnreft. Ca- noes and anchors have been frequently found here ; and as the prcfent morafs is but lit- tle elevated above flood-mark, it is lup- to have been once covered by tnc pole ' fta. LoriiE ;, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ihdre and Loire and lati; pro- vince of Touraine. It is defended by a ftrong caftle, the profpeft from which is very cxtenfive. Here .vas one of thofc horrid dungeons, bi\:lt by the cruel Lewis XL the walls, floors, ceilings, and doors of which were lined with plates of irun fidened to bars of the fame metal. The unfortunate Ludovic Sforza, duke of Mi- ■ ■ ' • Ian, L U ti ^ a town of Spain, in the pro- \ratnadura, itated on the riv^ II miles R. of Biuajoz. Lon lat. 38. 3;. N. NO, a town of Swiflcrland, ca- li(\ri£l of the fam« name, which :hc four tranfalpine bailiwicks, i about I noo inhabitants. Part wn is built on piaiia', in the crcfcent, with two wings ; and, )nt, is a row of trees, and trie 11;. The old part of the town id the (Vreets are narrow. It con - ; convents, and afmall Francifcan , pticheJ en a rock overhanging , and commanding a fuperb view e of Locarno and its magnificent ;s. The canopy, in the church puchins, deferves to be mentif-'ed ;autiful execution ; it is of ' w nd almoft rivals velvet or ^old Locarno was once fituated on the i had a port capable of receiving ks : at prefent it ftands at the dif- a quarter of a mile, svhich is I the accumulation of fand brought f the torrent Maggia. It is 46 of Novara, and 55 N. by W. of Lon. 8. 31. E. lat. 46. 10. N. iRNo, Lake of. See Maggi- fABER, a bleak, barren, moun- and rugged diftrift of Invernefs- Scotland, in the Ibuthern part of nty. lEM, a town of Dutch Guelder. I the county of Zutphen. It was y the French in 1672, who aban- t in 1674, after having demohfiicd ifications. It is featedon the river 10 miles E. of Zutphen. Lon. 6. lat. c,2. 12. N. ocHER Moss, a morifs of Dum- re in Scotland, about 10 miles in , and three in breadth. From the k-trees that have been dug up here, •ident that this moral's has been, at liftant period, a great fnrelK Ca- id anchors have been frequently found and as the prefent morafs is but lit- vated above flood-mark, it is lup- to have been once covered by tnc riiE ;, a town of France, in the Ac- ent of Ihdre and Loire and lati; pro- of Touraine. It is defended by a ; caftle, the profpeft from which is cxtenfive. Here .vas one of thole 1 dungeons, bi\':lt by the cruel Lewis he walls, floors, ceilings, and Joois hich were lined with plates of iron led to bars of the fame metal. The :tunate Ludovic Sforza, dake of Mi- ■ ■ ' • Ian, o u Ij U 1 . T • vTT -.«4 T.oDFV'F., a town of Fr.wcc, in the hn.raVenlnbattle.un evLewtsX I e^^^^^^^ dep^n of Herauh and laic province ed his days m one ot them. In the cnoir u ; ^ ^_ ^ ^ ^^ _ ^^^ ^ i„(l,nn'9 of the late coUegiatc church, is the tomb . . > « e A n^ I l^ri~ I t; (IT of the ctlfbrati.d Ajines Sorel. miftrtls of Charles VII. to whole patriotic exhorta- tions that monarch ovrd almoft all his elorv. Lorhes is feaud on the river Indre, near a foreft, .5 inilo S. -i Amboile, and 10 S. E. of Tours. Lnn. o. 51- i'- 'at. '^'Lo°cH.MABtK, a borough of Scotland, in Duinfrieslhire, rituated,on the W. (ule of'Lans;ueduc. It was lately a bilhop's fee. 1 IS inanufaaoncs of hais and -^f cloth lor the army render ii vtry rich 1 bm it ;s fciited in a dry barren country, < n the n- vtr I.oK"<-'> ^' ''^' '°''' "' ''■'■ '^-'^■'^""'■'» 27 miles N. W.of Moritpellicr, and 40 N. W. of Narbonne. Lon. 3. 30. E. lat. 42. Lon, a Isrgc and ftrongto.vn of Italy, in the duthv of Milan, and capiial of the 1 in Dumfneslh.re. <'^"« "' "" ^"' ^;; Xc Lodef.n. It is 20 miles S. E. of Milan, of the river Annan, nearK °PP"<"'^ "^« ' j ,. m. W.of Pl.ccntia. Lon. 9. ^6. place where it receives the united tt.tams and -S 1 . Sf Yea and Kmncl. '-""'- V.f {Zo^^\^. SceGAttr,.. Dumfries. Lon. 3. >9- *'' • "'• ='• -LofRONf, < town of Italy, in the bi- «9- N. o^„,n* -I bree town flionric of Trent, i"<.a^cd on the Imall lake .LOCHB.DA, or OCRIT^A.JI ^^f'^^ j ^ ^, ,^^ , „, „„,,, it r.cenes the ri- cf Turkey m Europe, feattd on a lull, lor , near a lake of the fame name, in the pro- vc. Lliid- , vince of Albania, with a Greek archbi- Ihop's fee. It is w ell forti.ied, and is 62 nules S. E. of Durazjo. Lon. zo, 40. H-. lat. 41. 40. N. , „ , ■ T? LOCHTA, a feaport of Sweden, in b.. Bothnia, feated on the gulf of Bothnia, 90 miles S. of Tornea. Lon. 24. i6- E. jat. 64. 20. N. * LocHWiNN'OCH, a town ot Kcn vtr Chief., 3 1 milet, S. W . of Trent. Lon. ic. 40. E. lar. 46. o N. LoKMKL, a twn of Auftrian BrdlMOt, 30 miles S. of Bois-le-duc, and ^^ ! of Antwerp. Lon. 5. 22. E. lat. 51. iS. N. LoKWiNSTfiiN a fortrcfs ot (jtrnr^- ny, in the ciitie 0' Franconia, and chief place of a diftritt f thf '..me name. LOCOWOGOROU, * town ot PcLuid, ■ * LOCHWINN'OCH, a town ot Kcn- - ,eated on the W. bank of the frewlliire, in Scothmd, the inhabitants of in V 1^"^ '• "^ "^ ^ks N W. of Kiof. which are chiefly employed in manufac- river Dniep r, 2 m ?r4!;:t7'orc»s°™«i" w.sls' zS'tli,', m r , ^^^ the duchy of Milan. It lies along the n- ^^J'^^'^J^X" l, p^/is the capital, ver Adda, and is very fertile and pop,, ou low P^^'^J'Eut^ 1. ^ y P^^^ ^^^ Its cheefes are .„ very high elUcm. Lcdi ^^'^^.^^^^^^ ,' ,f ,1 i,te pro is the capital. ' •■— ' Zl t:ow rince of Brctagne. Nantes is the c.i- * LoiKET, a department ot i-nirc, late the province nf Orlc\mois. Ir takes its name tVoiii a I'inall river tliit falls into the f.oire. Orleans U the capital. LoMii\ui>Y, a name ;',iveii to part of Italv, ai'rtiicnns almoft all tht ancient Cii'alpinc (iaii!. Irlics toward the N. and is divuUd in:o the Upptr and Lower. Upper L:..iibi' Jy is the wcfttrn patt, and cmprcliLiuK Piedmunt, wi'h its dependencies, and the ducliies of Mopt- ftrrat and Milan. I-usver Lombards-, which is t!\e eaficrn part, comprthenda Tarma, Modena, Mantua, T'trrara, the Bulugnelc-, the territori(.s of the Church, thcPadiian, Vicenfino, VeroneCe, Drelcia- no, Cremalco, and HerL'amo. LoMKi./., a fniall tov. n of France, in the department of Cers and late pro- vince of Gafconv, lately a bilhop's Ue. — L O N high roclcy rlifTs, the habitation of the of- prey, or fea-easHe. In 17^?, when Lil- bcn was deftroved by nn carthipiakc, this lake was txrc(dinj;ly apifated. The duke of Montrofe has a fine feat on the S. F,. corner of it, where terminate the Gram- pian niiuiniains; and on the W. fide, wheie it is broadeft, is the !\.autifal feat of the fami'.v of Liifs, (kieened by moun- tains and ancient wooils. ■' LoN, or LuNF, a river whir'i riks in \Vc!^ni\Mirlerk, a city remembrancer, a water b^iiiiT, a common hun, and many inferior (;fficers. Weifminficr, which was once a mile from London, but i.> now united tc; it, 11- a dilUntt city, the irovernment of which, both civil and ecekfi-iitical, was verted in the dean and chapter of Weftmlnfier ; but, fince the Reformation, the civil part has been committed to lavmen. The high lleward, who is generally a n iblcman of rank, i, chofen by the dean and chapter, and ha-, an under Ifeward who ofTiciates for him. Next to him is the high bailitf, chofen alfo by the dean and chapter. His power lefembles that of a r.urilf ; for by him juries are fummoned, and he makes the return at the eltf^i'^n of nieinbtrs ot parliament. The fuburbs are under t!ie jurifdiftion of the maaiftrates of Middle- fex. who, btUde their tountv-hall, on ■ Clerk sssisaswasias^s*' ■ L O N " JiTs the habimtinn of the of. JMi'lc. In i;;;, when I.if- tovud by ?n carthtiuakc, this lcdlnj;Iv apiratfd. The Ti<'dlcfex) a chambcrlani, a city renicinbranccr, a water mon hurt, and many inferior L'diTiinftir, which was once a mdon, but i., now united to ir, ty, the L'overnmcnt of which, I <'cekfi.ntical, was vcfted in d chapter of Weftinmfter; ; Rtformatinn, the civil part iiitted tolavmen. The high ) is generally a n (blc;man of -•n by the dean and chapter, uider Reward who officiates LVt to liim is the high bailiff, ■ the dean and chapter. Hii lies that of a fiuritf ; for by c fummnned, and he makes the elefli'n of niethbers of The fuburbs are under t!ie ' the ma^iilrates of Middle- cfide their countv-hall, on Clerk ^ L O N Clerkenwell Green, iiave an office in Bow-llrcet, In • liitit ;nilhcd for public fpi'it and a<'*ivuy, ' lint ss thern were jullicc. of peace, who prnltituted their ofTi.e to merrc!i*ry vi'ws, an aft of par- jiimcnt paired, in I'l:., by wh.ifh feven other puLli.' ofl^rts were cfliiili'h'd. Tiircc maei'tratcs oflr'ateat earli of thef; ; and, to depne them of ail temptation to cnirupr pra'^ires, they arc pmhibired froni tikinj' any Ices, in lieu of w;iich il"jvhavc each an annual fal.u'v of ^r-!. The fee, ofofTire, which are p'lid i.s iilual, a'-e I'p- pro|Ti,'t?'d to defray tlic exp;:ic' s of tiiefe new tflablilhmenfs. Soutiiwirk v.'a-, lon<; intkntndtnt of Loi-,d'n- feflor, about tie yi uv ir(>(<, Henry HI. pulled down the S"^on ]>i!c, and bej^'u to build the pre lent (tru''>urc in 1245. 'The work was carried "t^ flov.ly bv riKcefdinij princes, and can l-.ardiv be laid to have been llnilhcd before the time of tir Clirif- topher Wren, whii built the two towers at the weft end. This church is 360 feet in knirth within the walls ; at the nave it is 71 bioi;J, aaJ a: the crofs 195. Trow H.TC tnotl of otir monircln have been cro^vned, and manv ot them interred. It contains alf^i a i^rtat numbc- of nionu- ments of kind's, Ifatcfni.n, lu roes, poets, and perfons diiiiiujuirhed by gcIMU^, ]• arn- inss and fcicnce. The chapel of H.nry VII. ad)oinini;, I.ciand rails " Tiie Wonder of the World," S'. Stephen's, Waibrook, is a fmall church of exquifue beauty, thj m.ilUrpiece of (ir ChriUupher Wren : perliar)s Italy itCcif can (iroducc n:> modern biiil lini; that ran vie with tills in tide and pr () Tti(jn. Boiv Church, in C'ea-ifrle; St. B ide's, in I'leei (ircet ; St. Diiniian's intbe llalt ; and St. Mirtin'i ill the Fields, are amoni; the o:lier churches molf dihinfjui hed for tine ar- chrcetture. The paridi churclies, in what are c.d'i-d the Dilis of Moruhty, amount to i^f. ; iiLUi ly. 97 wi iiin the walls, 16 with'Uf ih' Wills, 2? (Hit pariiiies in Mid- dlefex aiid Suny, and 10 in tiie city and linerii'S of We'^minlicr. Belide ihefc churches, is one bel miMUg to the Temple, <'nc of our celeb aied Icats of liw. It vvas founded by the KiMt;lits Templars in the reign of Henry J J. upon the model of that of the Holy S-.pule'.re at Jerulalem. There ire hkewiie a >;reat number of chapels for tl'.e ertabli'hi.d church, fo- ri r.;n pr-neliant churches, Roman Calholii: rhapeh, met;ini;s f,jr the iliifenters o^ all [leriiiafions, and three fynaj;< gues fir the Je'.vs. With refpeit to palaces, the m:»g- iiiiicenct of royalty is not to be found in them. That of St. James was an hd'pitij f;r lenrou. female', dedicated to tint faint. It was furrendered to Henry VIII. who ere.'tcd on its fue the prelent palace ; of which it haslieca oblerved, that, notwilh- ftandin^ its mean txtciior, it is the irtiA co'ii;nodious lor tlie parade of ruv.dry, of anv in Kurope. fie likewife laid out a larce piece of c:round adjoinins; into a no-k. forined a c.inal and walks, cailini^ it, in conformity to the name of the pahcc. Sr. Jame>' Park. Cb.irles II. eiilars^ti and impr.ived this fpot, adorning; it with plantacio:". of trees ; I'ur, a few years a'.;o, ir was im;iroved in a lii'l more beatittiiil deixree. 'I'hc Queen's I'alaee Hands in the niort favour.ildc finiation that St. James' Park could fiirrilh. It was created by tliB duke ff Backinsr'iam, in 1705. and cill'l B'Kkiiit;ham Houlc, until it was purchased, in itCi i,f)r the myal rcfideiice ; wdten it acnuired its prtlent name. In 1::^, parliament fettled this houie upon the queen, in cafe ihe Ihould iurvive hii majefty. Carlton Houfe, tlie refidcnce of the prrnce of Wales, the gardens extend- iny Inigo nius. It it (inly a Imall p.irt of the vaft plan of a palace, intcmlcil tn he worthy i>{ the rtlidtiicc of the HritiOi numaicli,, uiit left inc.miplcte. Htllde the roynl palaces, thdrc !ire manv .ne . 'nfes c.t the i.rmces of the biooii; and of the nobihty and gentry. VVellminHer Hall, and lomc buildings appendant to it, contain tlu: Houffs" of Lordi and Commons and the fupcrior courts of jurtice. Th<.: cat hill, in which arc Iwki the trials of p. 'S and of perfons impeached before the lord:., ex- ceeds, in dimenfion, anv in Europe, winch i( not (imported by pillars. Its length is t7o feet; the breadth 74 i '^"'^ '''^ '^'■'K''' in proportion. The Guildhall of the city, fmiated at the end of K-ing's-ttrcet, Chepp- fide, was built in i43'- I'*- «■■".« ,''«"." ,e> feet long, 50 broad, and t,^ hi^h ; m which are the pirtures of Icvcral of the kinoj and queens of England, and of tiie twelve judges who dil'ini;uifhcd them- fclves in determining the dirte-cpccs be- tween landlords and tenants, on rehiiildinj- the titv, after the great fire : here is hke- wife a pitture of lord chief jutnce I ratt, aficrwaids carl Camden; a marble whole- Icni-fh ftatuc of Mr. Beckfonl, who was twice lord mayor ; and a magniluent cunc taph to the memory of the earl or Chat- ham The front of this hall has lieen rdnult uitlic Gothi: fty'^. Here theCouns of Kinii's Beiiih and Common Pieiis hold fittings at Nift Prius : here alfo the city elettions are held, and all tne budnts of the corporation tranfafted. I he bcliions Houle in the Old Bailey, in which the cri mmh both of London and Middhkx itc tried i and the County ILiil for Midd.e- fex on CIcrkcnwell Green, are noble ftiilaures. In Uottors' Commons, 01 ihe College of Civilians, fituated to the S. ot St. Paul's Cathedral, are held the Lcclc- fiaftical Courts, and the Cnurr of Adnii- ralty ; but the trial of offence), on the lii^h fea/, under the jurifdidtion of the latter, is eoii.monly transferred to the O.J Baiky. Of the buildings appropriated 10 the prc.it national offices, military, naval, and li'r.il, the moft ancient is the Tower of Lond.n. It is furrounded bv a wall and ditch, - which alCo inclofe feveral ftreets. Here are fomc artillery ; a magazine of fmal arms for 60,000 men, ranged in beautiful order ; a horfe armoury, in which are le figures of our kings on horiehac.< ; and the civil brnnch of the Office of Ordnance. Here arc hkewiCc the crown and other regalia, th« Mint, and the Menagerie. The cireUafercnce is about a milti. It 7 L O N " "' contains one p.irilh church, and is under the command of a conftable, and licute- nant-governor. it was a palace during too years ;. our monarchs, on their accef- fion to the throne, conftantly holding their cmiris in this fortrels ; but, after the ac- celfion of (lueen Eliiabeth, this cuftoin ccalcd. The Horl'e (Uiar'ts, an elegant aru^lurc, ftands oppofite the nannucimg H.iufc. It contains apartments tor the officers and privates ot the lifeguard'., a troop of which conrtanilv do duty htre. The War Office is in this place, and here courts-martial fi.r the army arc held. 'I l.e Ordnance Office, foi the mihiary d:i)art. ment, is in St. Marg.iret's-ftreet, VVert- niinrtir. The AiUiraliy is a large llriit- ture, in which the higher departments cf the bulincfH of the navy are tranlafted, and the lords of the admiralty have h-Mifts. The Navy, Navy Pay, and Viaudllmg Offices, are in Somerlet Pl.aee, a ftupen- dous and mngnilicent ftrudlure, built on the fitc of the old palace, crefted by the hrl> duke of Somerlet in tl-.e reign of Ed- ward Vf. It WHS begun during the laft war, and was intended to bring into one fpvjt the moft conliderable public offices ; and, although not yet fi'iiflicd, it already contains, befule the ofiices above-men- tioned, the followini:,nainelv, the auditors of impieft, cl^rk of the eftreats, duchy courts of Lancalfcr and Cornwall, hack- ney coach, hawkers and pedlars, lioiife duty, lord treafurer's, rcmembrar.cer's, lottery, pipe and comptroller of the pipe, fair. Tick and hurt, fignet, ftage coach duty, ftamp, (urvtyor of crown lands, tax,' and wine licence offices. The king s barge-hnufes are comprehended in the plan, with a dwelling for the bargc-maf- tcr ; befide houl'es for the trcalurer, pay- niafter, and fix commiffioners of the navy ; three co.nmilhonersof the viftualhng, antl their feci-ctary; one commiffioncr of the ftamps, and one of the fick and hurt , with cotnmodious apartments m every of- fice for a fecretary, or fome other afting officer, for a purtei , and their families. Ii\ the front, tow.^rd the Strand, which con- fiUs of a rich bafement, fupporting an ex- cellent exa'uple of the Corinthian order, and conl.rming a principal and attic ftory, are apartments for the Rjyal Academv, and the Unv .1 and Antiquarian Sncu-nc.. The grand entrance, by three lofty arches, leads into a fpacious quadrangle, on each fide of which, to thi; - ,ilt and wel\, a ftreet is to be formed, beyond which the wings are to be carried. The front to the Tn.imrs is erefted on a noble 'erracc, 5,^ feet wide ; and the building, when finifh- cd, willextend iioo feet. This terrace, ' unpa- L O N L O N L O N ic purifli church, and is under ind of a conftable, and licute- nor, it was a palace during ; our monarchs, on their accef- thronc.cotiftantly holding their his fortrtls ; but, after the ac- (juetn EliWieth, this cuftoin 'lie llorle (Uur'ls, an ilti;ai\r ftandi uppofitc tile nannuttiug It contains apartments lor llu- d privates ot the lifeguard.., a ivhich conrtanily do duty litre. OtTicc is in this place, and here rtial fi'r the army are held. Tl'.e Office, toi the milnary d':i):irt- n St. Mart^.iret's-ftreet, VVert- The Ailmiraliy is a lar^.e llriic- hlih the higher departments cf ds of the navy are tranfafted, rds of the admiralty have h-iiifv;. ,y, Navy Pay, and Viaudlluig re in Sonicritt Pl.ite, a ftupen- mngnilicent ftrudlure, hiiilt on f the old palace, crefted by the of Somtrlct in tl-.c reign of Ed- It was begun during the laft was intended to bring into one moft conliderable public offices ; ough not yet finiflicd, it already befulo the offices abovc-nien- le followiiii',nanielv, the auditors ft, cltrk of the eftreats, duchy Lancallcr and Cornwall, (lack- h, hawkers and pedlars, houfe rd treafurer's, remembrar.cer's, lipc and comptroller of the pipe, ; and hurt, fignet, ftage coach imp, (urvtyor of crown lands, wine licence offices. The king's ules are comprehended in the h a dwelling for the bargc-maf- idt houfes for the trcafurer, pay- nd fix commiinoners of the navy ; nmiHionersof the viftuallmg, antl :i-ctjry, one eommillioncr of the and one of the fick and hurt , luiiodiou'! apartments in every of- a Iccretarv, or fomc other atting or a porter, and their families. Ir^ I, tow.^rd the Strand, which con- rich bafement, fupporting an cx- :xa'nple of the Corinthian order, lalning a principal and attic ftory, itments for the Royal Academy, U;iv .1 and Antifiuvirian Sncienc... md entrance, by three lofty arches, to a fpacious qi-.ad.angle, on each .vhich, to thi; -alt and wert, a ftreet : formed, beyond which the wings be carried. The front to the s is ereftcd on a noble terrace, $i de ; and the building, when finifh- Icxtcud HOC feet. This terrace, unpa- unparallcled for grandeur, and beauty of vitsv, is lupporteil on a rou^Ji ruftic balt- mcnt, adorned with .i lofty arcade of 3* arches, each 11 ftel wide, and 14 \\\i;h. Tlie f^rand lemiciieiilar arch, in the middle of tlie bafement, is that intended tor the reception of the kint;'» barges. The Treafiiry, which has a noble elevated frcwit, is ill St. James" P.'rk ; and wli.i: is called " 'i'he Cockpit," f.irms a part of this buildinj.^, imd is now the council chamber for tin cabinet minilltrs. In the city, is the Royal K.ll the offices neceffiiry for tratilafting the buli- nel;: of a commercial company. The south Sta Houfe in Throgmorton-llrett, is a handCome building ; but the General Poft- office, in Lombard-ftrcct, merits no atten- • inn. Of the ftriuaures, which more parti- iLilarly belong to the city, the moft difiin- i;ui(hr-d is the Manfion Iloufe, erected in I MSS. colleftcd by Edward Harley earl of Ovford. Here are likcwife the collec- tions made by fir Robert and fir John Cotton 1 and large fums have fincc been voted to augment this noble repofiiory. George II. prefented to it the libraries of the kings of England, from the reign of Henry VTI. His prefent majefty, gave it an intereftiiig collection of traits publiflied in the reigns of Charles I. andl II. and antiquities, from Italy, were ., 52, for the refidence of the lord mavor . _ . . It is magr.iliccnt, but too ponderous. Tiie parchaled by parliament, for «,4iol. m Monument is a noble fluted Doric column, 17^'i. The Levirian Muleum is fiti,lr lot feet high, erefted in cnnuncmoration of the great fire in 1666. The bridgis are a great ornament to the metropolis. The moll ancient, London _ Bridge, was begun in 1 176, and finilhed in lioq. The length of it is 9 1 5 feet. The number of arches was 19, of unetiual dimcntions, and deformed by the enormous fterlings, and ited in Great Surry-ftreet, on the S. fide of Blackfriars Bridge. This magnificent iniileum wascolle<^ed by the late llrAftiton Lever, and contains the moft aftonifliing colled^ion in natural hiftory that had tvar been formed by an individual. Sir Afli- ton having obtained an aft of parliameDt, empowering him 10 dil^ulw ei this mu- feum L O N L O N feuin !)•/ a lottery, to confift of ^t.ooo llcLcti, at a giiinc.i c.icli, fixilul (i> I ttlc aviiliiv i^i tiiK |)u!>lic tu :>(l\cnrure, tli;.t he 1,.k1 (o!'I no in, .re tlim s,oco tickcti wl.en tile appoints J time cf (ir,iwin;.^ .ir- rived I the e>ciit i>i "Inch prmcd iin- fortuiLitc to hiai -, for tliii iiiv.iUu.ic trtafiirc \va> rran'.ftt;vi| to il^c juircirir of two t'tkiti iiiilvi Mr. P,irkml(jn, who ert''ltil the prettnt Imildint; for its re. ccptioii. Aij'jtiicr Muftuni, cuiifilHni; of nn:it(iniU>il prc|ur.iiion,. anii n.ittii il curijfiiits, colL'uil by ilic latt Dr. VV'il- liain Hunteri wiio bant a tpHKiir; cdilicc for iiitir rtci-ptwn, in \\'indaiill-llri.ct, Hiyinarket, i:> now optii to tlit piibiic, •nd is to continiit t'l' for iliirty yearn froM the lime of lii^ di.at!i in itS^. (If tlic iiins of court, or i icittics tor tlic fliidy of tlie l.iw, the pniu"i|'il arc tlic MiddL- and Inner 'J'coiplL!., L'uto.n' • 1 nn, and CJia', 's Inn. Tlid'c arc vciy Ipacinus. and have I'trgc p.irdens, whuli arc n,)Ln to tiic pub- ik. The others arc Clilfjrd'i (nn, Cit:- incnt's Inn, Si-.ji.:inrs Inn, New Inn, Lyon's Inn, U.nnard'b Inn, lurnivul's Inn. and Staples Inn. Tlic Col'ci;e c,f I'byfiei.ins, unfortunately hidden in VV.ir. *vitk-lane, wis hui'.t by fir C'.iriftopher Wren. Grellnm Collti;c, created, b,- f r Tiionias Grediain, for icen prciftfTors in divinity, civil law, aftrononiv, j^eometrv, rlictoric, phvfic, and iriufic, i\u.'d on the lite otihc Excife OiTkc ; but, in i:'"*!, tin. reading of the Itdluics was removed to u room Over the R.yal Exchange. Si(,n College, near London \V.dl, founded, in 1603, bv the Rtv. Thomas White, is i;(j- vcrned by a prtfident, two deans, and four allidants ; and all the clergy within the bills of mortality arc its fell..ws. Here is a library for their ufc, and ihiithoufes f< r nn nitn and ten women. The Royal and Antiquarian Societies (as already ebftrv- eA) and the Royal Academy of Artifis, h'ivc noble apartnicn's in Somerfet Place. The Society (or the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Comm'.rce. have a handfome hoult in the Adelphi. Of pub- lic fcminaries. tl'.c m^ft dirtini;uillied are Wcftmlnflcr SchT)l, adjoining; tne Abbev, noblv endowed by queen Ehf.ibtth ; St. Pauf's Scliool, fi-U!ided by de m C'>let ; the Charter Jlnule, founded, both for a fchool and hofpital. b» Thomas Su'.ton, tfq. and a ichool, in Sutf.)lk-lane, Taame.- ftrcet, founded by the company of Mer- chant Tailors. M'ith rcfpedt to places of divcrfion.thc Opera Huul'es have been re- markably unfortunate ; th.it in the Hay- market, called the King's ThcaKe, hav- ing been deftroyed by fire, on the »;Ui.of June 17^9 ; and the Panihtan, m O.^:- t forr eqiieftrian extrcites, and other a- mnl'tnicnt.. For the hijjhcr ranks, are many noljlc rnt ms for concerts j as in Tottenham Court Road ; in Hrtnover Stpiarc ; the Fretina'on's 'i'avLrn m Great Queen-drett, I>incohi's-inii- fields ; and the Ci .wn and Anchor Tavern in the Strand. Ranthj;h and V.uiiih ill areteleir lied throuziiout Eu- rope; the former f r its miijnilieent ro- tuiido ; the litter f <;i whuU Ivid Wctii the ptrfDim^ncc of i^itr.i", with a I'linilir t.iic, <-n the ,,.,ry, nu*. B th. however, fiiict rcimilt. The Thtatrc luivlani;, ii re'ouiiilinj' in a Hyltf. Tlic 'I lit At re RiA'al (MriUn, the othir winttr rthiiil' in i:0» 1. ^"'' f"'' .^'"^ itcruiiiiimnts "> ruiumcr, is'a .itrc R iv.il in the II .viii.ukct. ills, nujr ininf;tnii, i. fur ivin- )nc-a.intini.', 4"V.c. anil AtUc)'* .11. mar WiftmirilUr BrKlge, ,ilCin.us,iiiSt.Gi.i)rt;t'iFitrds, icftrian txcrcitts, and other a- For tilt hij^hcr ranks, art many •. tor cnnctrtb ; ab in Tuttcnhani id ; in Hrtnovcr Square ; the •j Tavtrii in Great Qutcn-ftrttt, inn-licld*; and the Ci-wn and a\crn in the Strand. RaniUgh iillarcccli:'iritcdthri)U^li(jiitEu- formcr f- r its mi)jnitictnt ru- le litter f^«r a iit^utilul gardens, cniplcs, and no6\urnd decora- d l.oth fur niufita! entertain- ed and innruinental. Of t--.e the city cr.i!V,)anits, the moft ud, in peint of arcliittaure. arc Hall, in the Old U^^tlty ; tiold- lall, r.lkr-lane ; Irnnmonsjeis^ lehurciillrcet; and FiniM.ongcr^ ,r London Bridge. Tiic pnn- pitnls are ChrilW Ilo'pital, near llrett, a rival foundation, f"r ind pmr chil Ircn ; Sr. Birtholi- ofuital, Wef! Sa.ithfielJ, an(-thu iiuluion for the Tick and Iutik ; il, in BUktrinr.. cr.ce a royal pi- now a rov.d hoCpital, for the :•?• Ii- of the ii'uUiftrioui vouth, and a •jr the diif-lute ; Ikihlein, m ds, ano'hcr royal holpital, fnr ; St. Luke's in Old Street, all., 'lies ; St. Thomas', in the Bo- he I'ourih n/.a! h'lfpital, tor tlK lame ; and for the U.uie nurpo.e ■i Hofpital ad] .inins; ; the Lond .n i„ WliitechaptlRoad; th.: Mi'-- .olpital.Bernero-ftreet; -he Weft 1 n;iriTiarv, in Y-rk-ltrect, ia-.e 1 '-• - uc ; i'-n i St- GL•or^t's H -.rpiia , ark Corn. r. The KnundlingHolpi- Liitn'/s C'.ndiiit Fields ; the Aly- L.m'.Kth, f.'r orphan girh ; the IcnUofpital, in S:.G..rjies Field , ir.nr proftuules ; the Marine S<,- a Billioprgate-ftrcct ; thcSmallp' :<■ lis atClurkenwtll and Paocras ; the lofpital, near GroiVcnor Place ; th.: iinlur Lyinii in Hufpjtal, and many •t'lrr* for the fimc p'irpilo, are alffi ex* p'y '' with all fiirr^ of ii'.ctT,iric«, jn'!, irt cellent inllirutions ; and (litre are many (triirn, receive troiii r imji eo>iim'u|iri(t diipcnl tries for dil|Kiilini; medicine* to a\ tluv rt'iiiirc. With 'he nr '.r nrfi.le the- lick, wli'i keep to their limiles, under the direAion of u plivlitian to each dil'- penary, an'' priper ailiHanis, The priloui arc numerous: the principal are NowKHtc, a Ihipendniis llrili'tiiie ; the N' w Coltip- >er, in (Mi'pur-lln et ; the Fleet Prilon, t'lr dthtois ; the Kind's Bincli, in St. of fiicl, London is plentifully (' pplied ;n comni- rce ; whitti ii ■ principal I'oiircc of ifi naval lii;itii"riry. Corn and varioiit other ariiilcH arr with <;eorj;e's Vields, for ttie (niit pitrpofe ; crpial tale r'lnvrycd to if from all t!'e mi- .1 new coiiniv ^lol (ineUidini' a nrw ft!- rititiie pirts of the kintnie emplivcd for thii jmrpoiV. F.nndon, of the I'qiiirts and ftiiets in tdc incfropolij rhciefoi:, (initt« in ittelf all the hencfit'). are magnificent ; and manv of tlioic which cannot boaft of Ktandiiir, arc loiip'. Ipaci- .ius,and airv. Portland -I'Ucc foriiis, ptr- hip<, the moft miiMiitictnl flreet in the world ; Stratford I'l.'.ce is truly ehyant ; and tiie Ade!|ihi 'I'crrace i« the ailiiiira- fion of fo'cii'ncrs, for the noble view ul'.uh It affords of the river, the brid^ti, and other public h'lildini's, and of the hills bivonci Soiithwirl; and Liniheth. S;Kh, in a curl'orv view of it, n t!ie metro- poli» of Great Hiitnin, to the extent and opulence of which m inv cau'es hive con- triluited. Tliele cannot be better enunie- r^^teJ than in the words of Dr. Aikin ; arilin'^ from navij;ation and eonimcrcc, with iholc of a metropolis it vvhie'h all fht pu'olic butKfis (.f a ('ii-.v n.iti in i'. rran!- a^'tcH ; uttl IS, at the <'im'," 'iin';, the rner- cantili and poliiicTl head of theit kinj;- dotri'. If ;■, .il'othe ft.it of mn'v confider- ablc nijniit.i'tiiris ; loire aliroil peculiar to itfelt, as iiimiftcnm; to tii. deiinnds trf Ihidied Ip! ndour and rctliit-d hi 'iiry ; other* in w liith it pirtiiipares with the man'-ifi^'t'irini; to.vnj in ^meid ; with this dirt'irence, rlMt onlv the liner and more codly "f their works arc performed here. Til-, moll important of iis piculur mtnifa'tiiii's is the lil,'<-weavint' ff>:ib ilh- " The broad ftream of the Thames llowiii^ ed in Spitallields by rtfiijrccs fr^ni France, between I.,ondon and S'Utliwark, conn- A variety of worki in gii!!, fili'tr, and n'lallv agitated by a hrifk current, or a ra- jewellery ; th( e;:'iai.ini: of pr.iif* ; the pid tide, briri(;s conltant I'upplics of Irelli mikiiip of opti;ai and inatliemattc d in- air, which no buildintrs can intercept, ftrunicius are likcwife principally or Tne countrv round, tf'pecially on the folely cy.i cum! here, and fome of them »n London fiilc, is nearly open to I'ome dil- greater pertiftirn rliin in an v other coun- tance ; whence, by the action of th: l.in try. The porter hreiverv, a bminrfs of and wind on a gravelly foil, it is kept to Icrably dry in ij' feafons, and atlords no lodgment for ftagnant air or wittr. The cleanlinels of London, as well as its fuppiv of witer, arc i^reatly aiili-d by i's fitiiation on the banks of the Thaniei ; and t'le very T'cat extent, i? »lfo cliiel!/ carried on in' l.,':!'.d.in. To its [lort hre likewile conftncd foinc br.inche' <>f f;rcii;n com- intrce, as the Vj(l K,nl India tr^de, and thrfc to 'I'urkty and Hlldl^l^s J5ay. Tl'.us f.ond n his ri'en to iti prelent New River, with manv good fprini bten greatly over- to the ciicuniftance of naviij^ition, it rated, arid is not yet fxai'tly determined j equally well-choren : haj it been plae;d but it is probable, tlut the rcfidcnts it* lower on thi* Thamts, bcfiJe being an- Londm, Weflminfter, Southwark, and ;,11 noycd by the mttrlhes, it wimld have iieen the out pirifhes, fill Ihort of 6cio,':-)o. ' more liable to infidts fn m forcij(n foes ; London is a bifhop'i fct , and finds four had it been higher, it would not have been members to parlia'pevr. To enumerate all acccirrule, as at prelent, to ihijis of hrije the events by which rhi, threat capital has burden. It no.v polfefr-s every adv^Il- been diHint^uilhed, ufvild itrcatly exceed tape that can lie derived froi,i a (caport, oi:r limits : we Ihnllorrlv mention, therefore, without its dangers; and, at the fame the great piaijue, in i6ft ;, whicli cut -tifT time, by mesns of its noble river, enjoys a 150,0-c people, and the dreadful confla^ra- very extcntive coitimunicarion with thq tion, in lOCC, bv which i,?,'5C'» houfci ijjtetJial parts of the couativ, which i'ac were dcltrovtd. London is i6i; miles N. W. J L O N LOO V. W. of riiii, 164 8. E. of Dublin, and i»c\V. byS.of AmrtmUm. Li«t."N III' MR V, a town of Ireland, f*pit .1 i)f a county of tht fi'iie n une. lit lurtiticitions are n'>t tlron^', mid yi r it is rctnarkalile for a long rii'|;c it fuli.iined •irainll king Jill. CI 11. in i^ji). It i:> a nodcrn place, built by a conipsnv of f^on- bordered with a (]u ly. At the fic(;e ay)ove-iiKntiotied, when al^tlle com- irandini; officers wire de ul, they cliolj Mr. Walker, a cltrgyiiiun, for ihtir head, who performed wonileri by his bravery and conduit, till a naval force from Kn^land, with fume troops under i^cniral Kirke, broke the liooni acrol;. the harbour, and broujj;ht a fcafonable relief ; by which the enemy were 1) difpirited, as to raifc the fifgc. Londonderry is feaied on the river M.mrn, near its mouth, five miles S. of the like '1 l)4y of Louphfi.ylc, anti 104 N. W. of Dublin. Lon. 7. 5. W. lat. ;-,. 4. N. Los DoNDEit KY, a covuity of Ireland, in the province of Uiller, 32 miles in length, and -^o in breadth ; bounded on the VV. by Donegal, r,n the N. by the Ovcan, on the S. and S. W. by Tyrone, and l)y Antrim on the E. It ccjntains jS parilhes, and leivl^ ticht members to par- liament. It is a ti uittul chninpaign coun- try, and its capital is of the l-iinc name. LoNCKORD,acounty of Ireland, in the province of Leinftcr, 25 miles in lengrh, j»nd 16 in breadth ; bounded on the E. and S. by Weft Meath ; on the N. and N. W. by Leitrim and Cavan, and on the W. by the Shannon. It contains 24 pariflies, and fends 10 members to p.irliament. It is ,-i rich and pleat'ant country, and the capi- tal town is of the fame name. Long Isi-and, an ifland of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Wew-York, feparated from Conneflicu: by Lonj,; Ifland Sound, and divided into three counties. It ex- tends from the city of New- York E. 140 miles, but is not more than 10 broad on a medium. Hence are exported to the W, ladies, &c, wh^c-oil, pitch, plac boards. horfci, eittle, flix-feed, beef, fie. The prr)dure of the iniddir and wcftera parti uf the ifland, particularly corn, 11 carried tci New York. Thit ifland, in 1 7i>i, Contain- ed iipuardof )o,ooo Nihabitaiiti. LoNOiNu o, a town of Tiirk«v in Europe, in the Morca, anciently called Olynipii, fainoui for beinj^ the pI'Cc where the Olympic g^mcs were tele- brited, and for the temple of Jupitcr OlympiuN(;uF.viLi.K, a iiiwn of France, in the department of Lower Seine and late province of N.jrmandy, feated on a I'mall river, 15 miles N. of Rouen. LoNt;\W, a town of Trance, in the department of Mofelle and late duchy of Lorrain, with a tallle. It it divided into the Old and New Town ; the latter built by Lewis XI v. and fortitied by Vauban. It was taken liy the king of Prullia in Auguft 179?, but retaken two months after. It '.% feated on an eminence, 1; miles S. V', of Luxemburg, and 1&7 N, Ii. of Paris. Lon. c ;8. E. lat. 49. 30. N. LoNiiOAl.R. SeeKfRllvLoVSUALK. Loi«s - LF. -S \ui.NiKi', a town of France, in the department of Jura and Istc pr nince of Franrhe Comtc-, with a late abbey of noble Bcrnardinet. It de- rives its name from the fait fpringi with which it abounds. It is feated on the river Solvan, 30 miles from Dole. Lon. 5. 30. E lat. 46. 37. N. Lo(i, a town of Dutch Gucldcrland, where the prince of Orange has a fine pa- lace. It is eight miles VV. of Deventer. Lon. 1;. 44. E. lat. 52. 20. N. * Look, liAST and V<'est, two con- temptible boroughs in Cornwall, feparated from each other by a creek, over which is a narrow ftone bridge of fcveral arches. They fend together as many members to parliament as London. The market of EaftLooeison Saiurilay. They are 16 miles W. of Plymouth, and 231 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 36. W. lat. 50. ij. N. Loots, a town of Germany, capital of a county of the fame name, in the bi- (hopric of Liege, 16 miles W. of Maef- tticht. Lon. 5. 19. E. lat. 50151. N. Loots, a county of Germany, in the biihopric of Li;ge, bounded on the S. by Halbay, LOO ^ . fliK.feed, btcf, kt. Th« ic itiidillr and wcftcrn pant ut articularlv corn, ii carritd to Ihi» ill»nd, in i7()i, eontiio- ]c,ooo MihAbitaiiti. (), a town of Turktv in the Morca. anciently cMei imoiii for being th« pl'Cc Olympic gioic* were cclc- for the temple of Jupiter lout a mile dilUnt. It it now |»rf, feitt.1 nn the river Al- lies from in muuili, and <,<* to. Lon. »i. 0. E. lat. 37. -)WN, a town in Cumberland, kct im 'I'luirliliy. It i» itated icrs i>f Scotland, u miles N. of 1(1 }07 N. N. VV. of London. . VV. lat. ^t,■ 8. N. t viLi.K, a iKwn of France, in inent of Lower Seine and late ,t N.jimaiulv.icTcd on a fmall miles N. of Rouen. V V, 3 town of Irancc, in the It of Molellc and late duchy of with a caftlc. It is divided into nd New Town ; the Utter built XIV. and fortified by Vauban. iktii iiv the king of PruHia in 1797, but retaken two months ; k feated on an eminence, 1 5 V.'. of Luxemburg, and 167 N- ris. Lon. ;. ?8. E. lat. 49. jo.N. UAI.K. SeeKlkHVLoNSDALK. - LK-S AUtNiKi', a town of in the ^^J "" LOR' Hafby, on the N. by Chumpagne, on the VV. Ii, the duchy of Hiabant, and 011 the E. by Lim iar|{. It lud formerly iu own counts, but ilie family is nuw extiaiL Lodis IS the capital town. LnHA,4t'iwn of Sp:iin, in Andilufu, on the river GuiJali|iiu'fr, iX inilcn N. R. uf Seville. Lun. ;. 4. VV. lat. 37- 46- N. LoKA, a to.vn of Geniuiiy, in the cir- cle of Upper Sax .ny, and county of H >- hmltcin, in rhunot;ia, )o niiUt N. of S.ixe Gotha. Lon, 10. 5;. E. Im. ji. 30. N. LnRK, a town of Spain, in Granada, It, miles N. of Malag.t. I^oii. 4. 35. VV. Ijt. jfi. ^o.N. LoitBUs, a town of Africa, in the kingdom > Gkolii-, an exten- fivc group of iflrii ds in the S. Pacific Octan, difcovercd,ini79i,by captain Hun- ter, who, from the mafl-head, could dif- tinrtly defcry .31 of them, fome of confidtr- able extent. They appeared thickly cover- ed with wood, among which the cocoa-nut was very diflinguiDiable. Nine of the na- tives came near the Ihip, in a canoe, which was about 40 feet long, badly inaiie, and hid an outrigger. They were a flout, clean, well-made people, of a dark c'ij)|)er colour i their hair tied in a knot mi the back of the head i and they reciiicd to have foire method of taking nfFrhc hcnrd; for they appeared as if cican-fliaved. They had an ornament, conlifting of a number of fringes, lise an artificial bcnrd, which was fattened between the nofe and mouth, and cl'ife iinJer the n' fe. To that beatd hung a row of teeth, which gave them the appearance of having a inoutti lower than their natural one. They had holis run through the tides of the nofe into the paf- fage, into which, as vvill as through the feptum, were ihruH pieces 01 reed or b 'ne. Tlie arms and ih'ghs were irurkid in the manner, dcfcnbedbv captain (.■ ckiofi'i m^ if the natives of the ill,i'ul' he vif.'ed ;n thefe Tas, called tatO'.virig ; and fine Were painted with nd and whiia ftreaks. lOR They wore a v/rapper round their middle. Lon. Iruin 159. 14. to 1J9. 37. E. Ut. «. JO. S, * Lord Howr's Islakd, an illand of the S. Paeilk Ocean, about 140 hagiici F. of New S. VValfk. On th« VV. fuTc is g(M/d anch 'rage, but the hot om*li a coral rock. Many excellent turtle have been rauglit lure on a (andy htach ; and the ifland abdunds with a variety of birds, which, when our fcaincii Lndrd here, were fo un icctiftnmed to ue difturbfd, that they came near enough to knock diwn at m^ny ai they wanted with a flick. Thia iflaiid was dilcovcred, in 1788, by lieute- nant King, in his voy.ige from Port Jack- fon to N irfolk Ifland. At the S. end "f it are two very high mounta.ns, nearly perpen- dicular from the fea } the fouthernmoft named Mount Gowci. About 14 milea to the S. is a very remarkable rock, nam- ed Bali's Pyramid, which had much the appearance of a fteeplt at a dilhmce. Lord Howe's Illand is three miles and a half lon^, and very narrow ucrofs. Lon. 159. o. V . lat. J I. 36. S. LoKiD'^, a town of It.:ly, in the ter- ritory of Venice, and in the rulefino, ft.ir- cd < n the river Adige, 10 milts R. of Ro- vigo. Lon. 11. 50. E. lat. 45. 5. N. LoRETTO, a town of Italy, in the marquil'atc of Ancona, with a bilhop's fee. It is fmall, Ml|fcrtiiied, and romams the Cafa Santa, or tm houle of Nat.irrth, in which they prettnd Jt'.us Chrift waa brouuht up ; and tnat it was ca> ricd by angtN into DalmuMa, and thence to the place where it ni-w (lands. The inner part of this hou'e jr chapel is very old ; but it is furroundtd by a maible wall, and within is u church built of frtetlone. The famous lady of L )retto, who holds the in- fant Jefus in her arms, fiands upon the principal altar : this ftatue is of cedar- wood, three feet liigh, but her face cati liaidly be ften, on account of the tmcke of the nuiiicrous lamps arounl her. She ia clothed with cl ,h of gold, fet off \(itl» jewels, and the litile Jel'iis is covered with a thirt. He h.Jds a glc bj in his hind, an^ is adorned with rich j.wil>. There are prodigious numbers frer]uenlly go in pil- griiini;!; to Loretto, paitxulirly it Eafter and Whiffun '.VLdc^, ii.uie the Virjin a prelent of a cm n r.f go'i!, worth ajove ICO 000 crown><; and IfHiielia, in anta cf Spain. C;;! licr a garir.i i.t whiil. coflK 40, ceo duCitS. LeviiXill. 01" Fi;niL-e, C c iud ■'"'"^ LOR — ind hi q'.iccn, fcnt Iva- two crowns of gdld. enriched w.tli duiii)!).!-. Bi lulc tliefc crowns, rhey Icii- ■a'\ aiij'tl of maiTy filvcr, h..Kl:ng in his Im.kI Uic U'.iviTc of tlie daupliiii, of (olid I'.'ild. Tl\e piHce where tile i;')vtrn')r r:;lVJes iLuuls nc ir tiic cliurk.h; tnd tliu ccclcli-irtics, \\ ho art' cm- pljved in if, lo l^e i'l tlic C^iiif iidlace, vIhtl- tlicy receive the pil^iima of high dillirii^io!!. A' f.'r the t.iwn itfelf, ex- tiuiive of tix' eii.ijiei, it is neither very con- fidcrable iKjr very a.M-eeiiblc ; n ir d"CS it contain above 500 inllai'itaius, who are al- nio'.. all Ih (.iiu.Lers, taihrs, or (tilers of ch.iplfits. 1 he ciivirnns are very agree- ai)le ; and htncc, in hue we.iihtr, the hi;.;h mountains cA Croatia mav be !een. Loretto is feared •m a nioiintani, tlirec miles from the gull "i Venice, li S. ]\. of Ancona, and 1 II N. 1'^. of R^mc. Lon. 15. 38. li. lat. 43. 1-. Ts. LoHGi Ks, a poptiloti'; t )\vn of France, in the dep..nir.ei;t of \'ar and late pro- vince of I'riiv nic, foittd on the. river Argcns, fr e miles W. by S. of Dragui;;- nan, and 3 jo ft. by K. of I\uis. Lon. 6. 27. E. lat. 43. 30. N. Lorn, a diftriA in the N. part of Ar- gvltfliirc in Scotland, lyiojj between Loch E;ivc and I.och Awe, LoRHAls;, a late provinc I'ranc bounded on the N. by Luxe;iii)iMX and th-j archl)iliio;*ric of Tre .tl'.C E. by Alface and the duchy of TDeux-Ponts, on the S. by Franche Cototi, and on the W. bv Ciiauip.i^nc and the duchy of Bar. It ih a)'nit ICO miles in ieiiijih, and 7; in breadth, and a')Oundi in ail i'^rts of c rn, M-iiie, hemp, liax, rape-l'ecd, irame, |i(h, ajid, in general, p.ll the nectliarirs of life. Tiitre are line racad.iws and lar^c fore/ls, with mines of irun, filvcr, and copjjat, and fah-pits. The principal risers are rJic Maex 73". kin? Stanifiaus and the uii'vC of Lon, line took p:;!!; liion <•( ihtir rtfotiMive djminioiis; and the cqiJion was conririncd and iiuar^ntied by a treaty in ■17 3S. I'his proi ince now forms tiic tlinc ■itparimeuts or Meuitlic, 'Mol'clle, aud the Y.fiics. LOU ' Loitrtis, a town of I'lancc, in the At. partmcnt of Loiret and l^te pro', inre ol Or- ieanois. It was 'be rei'ideiico of Pliilip the Loni,', in i3i7,andof other Vings'^f France. It is I ^ miles \V, liy S. of Montariris. Lot, a river of Fiance, whicli has its rife in Gevaiuhm, and fibs into the G i- ronne at .^it'uiilou. It begins to be navi- gable at Ciiicts. * Lo r, a department of France, includ- ing the late provii ;;e of Q_a..ici. It tal'.cs its name fro.n the river Lot, Cahors is the c.i;)ital. '■ Lor Avn Gaiiovst. n department of France, iiiclud.ng part "I ihe late pro. vince of Gu;e'. '.'.e, and lo called from two rivers, which fee. Ai;:-n \f the capital. ' Loriii,\N, F.AsT. S'.e Hauuisc;- TOSSIlIltK.. ' LortiiAN,MiD. Sec Edivrurgii- siiiRi;. * Lothian, W'r.sr. See Linlith- GowsH! i;k. * T-ouANt, a f'Tiall town of France, in the department of Saone and Loire and late province of Burgun.ly, lituated in a ki;,d of ifland, bcCACtn the r.vers Stilles, Salle, and Solnan. It has many inanufac- loric'j, and an holpital ; and is 18 miles S. iC. of Chalons. r^ouDiN", a t.)wn of France, in the de- partment of Vienne and late province of Poitou, feated on a mountain, 30 miles N. W. of Poitiers, and 1^^ S. VV. of Paris. Lon. o. 17. K. lit. 47. z. ."•«'. T>ovf.,vi)i,Gi.N, a fortrcfs of Aurtrian Flanders, feared on the canal lictwctn Ghent and Bruccs, t'.ve miles W. of Ghent Lon. 3. 3:!. E. lat. i;i. o. N. Li.>LGiiiJOROL GH, a handfoKie town of^tejcifteriliirc, with a market on Thiirf- day,' pltafantiv kated amonj fertile mea- dows, near the forelf <:f Charwood, and on the river\,Sf N. America, capital of the il'.and of Cape Breton ; taken by the Engliili in 1745, rt llored tn the French bv the pence of Aix-la-Ch iielle, taken a:rain by the Englilh in 17 -,8, and ceded to them in i76'3; finct which 'he fortiltcations have been de'.f reeved. Ir has an CACelknt harbour, near four leagues in circumference. Lon. 59. 48. W. lai. 45. 54. N. Lot-TsiAKA, a large country of Ame- rica, V'ounded on the F.. by the Milfippi. on tiic b. bv the gulf of JM^xico, on the W. by LOU nni5, a town of Fiance, in thf dr. t cf Loirct anil l^.tc pro-, mcc- ot Or- It was 'lie rciidcncc ol Piiilm tin: I I 5i7,:indor ('the r Vingsof Friince. mill.', W. by S. (if M.)ntaririi. , a river of Fianci-, which Ins its Gtvaui'aii, iiiid faiis into tlie G (• Ai^'uillon. It. L)c^;iis u> be navi- C.iiu.ts. r, .i (Icnartniciu of Frr.nce, inci\i(I- laie provii :;e uf Q^Uv-ici. It takes c tr,).n tlic river Lot. Cahcrs is ml. Avn Gakon-vf. a (lupartmcnt L'c, including p;iir. of tlie late pro. f Gu:e!i;'.c, iind To called from two wliic'.i fee. At',(.n W the capital. Mill \.\, EAbl'. S'-C Haduisg- r a K . !llIAN,MlD. Sec F-DIVnURGH- )TniAN, West. See Linlith- )U.iNr,, a f'nall town of France, in virtmcinr of Saone a.Ttl Loire and ince of Ijargui-..ly, iituated in .1 f id.ind, bttAten the r.vers SiiUcs, nd Soinan. It has many inanufac- ar.d an hofpical ; and is iS miles f Ch.-J.ons. m V, a t.)wn of Frnnce, in the de- nt of Vienn>; and late province of , fcated on a mountain, 30 mile, N. Poitiers, and t^; S. VV. ot P.dns. . 17. E. Lit. 47. 1. .V. 'y.sin.ci.s, a fortrcfs of Y\iiftrian rs, fcated on the canal lictwttn and Bruges, five miles W. of Lon. 3. ^.'i. E. lat. i;i. o. N. 'GHiiOKOLGH, a haridfo'.'.ie town :efter!liirc, with a market on Thurf- calantly ftated amonj fertile mea- ne'.ir the forert of Ciiaiwood, and river\,Soar. It is iS miles N. of er, and 109 N. W. by N. of Lon- L,:n. 1. 10. W. lat. n. ^6. N. JISA, a town of Swedilli Finland, on a bay of .the gulf of Finl iivl, fended toward the fca by a fniall i. 1 lie hoilfes arc all of wood, two liil!li, and p.-'.'ntcd red. Msl'i'RfjH, a I own of N. America, of the illand of Cape Breton ; taken Englilh in 174;, n flored to the 1 bv the peace of Aix-la-Ch 'lelle, i::ain by the Englilh in 17-.8, and o them in 1763; fince which the Jtion;, have licen dcHn.ycd. Ir his :lknt harbour, near four Ic.igues in fereiice. Lon. 59. 48. W. lat. 45. isiANA, a hr;;e country of Ame- piinded on the E. by the Miliippi, S. by the gulf of Mexico, on the W. by LO U"'-'" by New Mexico, and running indefinitely N. It is p.gretnbly fiiuaied between tiic txtremcsof heat and cold ; its cliimtc vary- ing as it ixtendb toward the N. The fourherii parts, lying wiihin the reach of the refrclhing brce/es from the fca, arc not feorched like thole under the r.iiiic la- titude in Africa; aiul its northern regions are colder than tliol'c in Europe under the fanie paralleU, with a wh-lilonie fe- rine air. From the favourablenefi of the climate, two annual crops of Indi.in corn, .IS Well as nee, may bi produced; and the foil, with lif'le culiiv ation, would furnifli grain of every kind in the grcatell abund- ance. The timber is as hne ;is any in the world; and the ipiantities of live-oik, alh, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cypres, and ce- d ir, are aftonifhing. The nri<>libourhood of the MiUlllippi, bcfid'.s, fiirnilhes the riclicft fruits in great variety. The fciil is psiticularly adapted for hemp, flax, and tobacco; and indigo is at this time a ftaple commodity, which commonly yields the planrcr three or four cuttings a ye ir. In a word, whitevcr is rich and rare in the moft de*"' -ole climates in Europe, fee ins to Y' ih( fpontaneous produi'tion of this dc- JigUua! country. Jt is inierfefted by a number of tine rivers, among which arc the Natchitoches, and the Adayes, or Mexicano. This country was difcovcred by Ferdinand de Soto, in 1541 ; traverfcd by M. de la Salle, in i63i; and I'cttled by Lewis XIV. in the beginning of this century. In 1763, it wai ceded to the Jiing of Spain. ■' Louisvii.r.E, a town of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Kentucky and county of Jefteribn. It is feated on the river Ohio, oppofite ClarkiVille, at the Falls, in a fertile country, and promifes to be a place of great trade. Its unhealthinefs, owing to ftagnated waters at the back of the town, has hitherto retarded its growth. It is 95 miles S. W. of Lex- ington. Lon. 86. 30. W. lat. 38. 3. N. LoiHTZ, a towi'^f Great Pol.\nd, in the palatinate of Rav», 55 miles E. of Gnefna. Lon. 19.0. E. lat. 5.'. i6.N. * LouNO, Loch, a great arm of the fca, in Argvlelliire, which coniniunic-itcs, on the S. \vith the frith of Clyde. Near its N. E. extremity, is the wild and roman- tic v-ile of Gkiicroy. Lolruk, a town of France, in the de- partiiient of the Upper Pyrenees and late province of Bi^orre, with an ancient and very Urong calUe, fei'' d on a rock, on the Gave de Pan, 10 nuit-s from Bagnercii. Lon. c. 5. W . lar. 43. S. N. Lout II, a county of Ireland, in the province of Lciiiilc..; 29 nulcs i.a lcnt;,tb, L O U and 13 in breadth ; bounded on the N. \iy Armagh and Carlingford l$iv; on 'be E, by St. (ieorge's Cli.innei ; on tlie VV. by Monagban and Kalj M-„ih; and on the S. E. iiy Welt Me.uh, from >vi.' h it is parted by the river B yiie. Ir is .i fruitful county, and proper to fted catili-. It con- tains 50 pariilu's, anil fends 10 members to parliament. Droglieda is the capital, Lni TH, u town of Ireland in tlw county of the fame name, 19 niiles N. by W. of Dr.jgheda. LoLTH, a corporate town of Lincoln* fliire, with two markets, on Wednefday and S.-forday. It is large, and weli built, and the market weli frequented. It is j8 miles N. v.. or Lincpli), and 14S N. of Lontlon. L in. 0. 10. E. lat. n;. 25. N. LciUS'AtN, a large and pic.ifant town of Auftrian Brabant, wiih an old caftle, and a celebrated univcrfitv. Ti^ie walls of this place are nearly fevcn miles in circum* ference, 'mr vvifo.ir. cbcm are a L'reat many gardens and vineyards. The public build- ing; are magnificent, and the univerfuy confills of a great number of colleges. They fornurlv m.ide large tjuaniiiies of cloth, infiJiTiuch that there were 15,000 weavers ; but at prefcnt their tr.idc M greatly decay.ed, and the place chieilv re- markable for its good beer, with^hicit it Icrves the ntigirnouring towns. ■'-'■^t was taken by the French in 1746, wh'oagaia took pofreflioti of it in 1794, but were obliged to evacuate it the next /ear. It is feated on the river Dvie, 12 miles N. W. of UrulTcIs, and 40 N. E. of Mons. Lon. 4. 49. E. lat. 50. 53. N. LouvESTEiv, a fortrcfs of the United Provinces, in H illand, feated on the VV. part of an iflaiid, calle-l the Bommel Waert, firme.i bv the Wad and the Maefe. In this callle, ill.; patii )ttc chiefs were tinprifoned by prince Maurice ; whence that party has ever fince been called the Louveftein part^. Their prin- ciples are (Irongly republican, and, of coui fe, thev arc in direct oppofnion to the d idiholder. Louvedein is 16 miles E. of Dort. L.jn. <;. 13. E. lat. 50. .,0. N. LouviK.lls, a liandlome town of France, in the deuartinent of Euro and late province of Normandy. Its wai.s are dtttnded bv gcnd ditclics, :ind it has a con- fide'able maniitattory ol line cl.iths. Lou- viers is featcil on the Eure, in 1 fertile plain 10 miles N. of Evreux, and 55 N. V. . of Paris. Lon. i. 15. E. lat. 49. 9. N. Lou NO, a ccnfiJeiable town cf Alia, in the kin»:dom of Siam, xvitli a pniicc, w here the kin;; p'^lTcs onu ;>art of the veir. It is very populous, atvj is 53 miles N. C C i ui s hot L U B .- • t vife the moft commercial city and 1 republic of the North. Her fleet lorthern powers as defiance, and ftrefs of the Baltic. But Lubec lot a fliadow of its former power. )ft great part of its trade ; which dill farther diminiftied, if the canal (hould anfwer the purpofe for it was planned; for, great part merchandife, which now paffes I this town, will be conveyed al^ong jal, down the reivr Eyder, to Ton- , and thence by fea, and up the 3 Hamburgh. The houfes of Lu- - built in a very ancient ftyle ot fture ; the doors being fo large as it carriages into the hall, which fre- ir fcrves for a coachhoufe. The 'f mnny houfes bear the date of the century ; and, at that period, no the town was efteemed very beau- The townhoufe is a fuperb ftruc- and has feveral towers. Here is fine exchange, built in 1683. 1 he tants are all Lutherans, and there are eachers, whofe chief has the title of •intendant. There are five large hei, cie of which is the cathedral, - body is of an extraordinary length, inins fcvend curiofnies; fuch as a fomt (latue of the Virgin Mary, a us clock, and a prodigious large or- Thcre wcie formrrlv four convents; n that of St. John, there are ft^ll ii •ftant girls, under tlie eovernment ot bbefs. That of St. Miry Magda.en irned into an hofpit.il ; that ot bt, e is made a houCc of corrcaion ; -^"tl he mnnafterv of St. Cntlunne dtey : made a handiome colV.^e. In 'He t holpiul there is always a confidtr- L U C LUC able number of poor men and women, habitants >3^';/°"[';l"'''''^."l'"^[^f^^?,^J Befide this, there are .4 other holpitals, of hlk, and gold and (, ver ftuflFs, in which one for lunatics, a pelLhoufe, and^our tiiev drive a great trade ; for this realon it otliers for f.ck perfo.s. LuDec is feated is called Lucca the Induftrious. They at the conHuence of iVveral rivers, the oblige all travellers to leave their arms at larselt of which is the Trave. .4 mile. S. the ciry gite, and xvill not fuffer any one ^ - - ■ • ..T r. r ., __ to wear a 1 word in the town. Lucca is tcat- eil m the middle of a fruitful plain, lur- \V. of the Bailie, and 30 N. E. of Ham- burif. L in 10. 44. E. lat. ?;. :2. N. . Lubec, thk Bishopric ok, a fmall rounded by plcafant hills, near the "ver term ry m Germany, in the duchy of Serchio, ic miles N. E. of Pifa, 37 W. of Holftein. It has been en).yed by pro- Kluitnce, «nd i;; N. by W. ot Rome. )f tUL hou'e ;)t Holftein, Lon. 10. 3 S- E- '»«• 43- 5°- i^- . ,, Lucca, the Rki'ubiic of, a imall te ftant prinees ever fince tlie year i5''ii, when Luher anifm waseftablilhed here. * Lubec, an ifland of the Indian Ocean. Lon. 112. ii. E. lat. n, i;o. S. territory of Italy, lying on the Tufcaa Sea ; about 20 miles in length, and 10 ia breadth. The foil does not produce much LUBEV, a town of Silcfia, capital of corn; but there is plenty of wine, oil, ink, ' .' .1 . wool, and cl.cfnuts. Their oil, m parti- culai, is in hii'h efteem ; and the common peonle ufuaily eat chcfnuts inftead of bread. It is iintler the proteftion of the emper-r, and the government is arifto- cratic. The head of this republic has the nanr.e of gonfalonier, who has the ex- ecutive powf r, t< (.ether with a council of nine members, who are changed every two months; but the Itgiflative autho- rity is lodged in a fenate of 200 of the principal perfons, who bailor for the clioice of all officers. The revenues aitwunt to about 3o,o3ol. per an um; hnd they can raife and pay io,coc njci^ upon occanon. * Luce, a great bay of Wigtonfliire in Scotland, lying to the E. of rhe pro- montory, called the Mull of Gallowav. LucEiiA, an ancient town of the king- dom of Naples, with a biihop's fee ; 30 miles VV. of Manfredonia, and 6; N. E. of Naples. Lon. 15.34- E- 'a'- 4i- 28. N. LucERN, one of the thirteen cantons a circle of the lame name, in the prin- cipality of Ligni'z, 22 miles N. AV. of Brcfli.v. Lon. iC<. iH. E. lat. 51. 20 N. Lublin, a handfome and confiJcrahle town of Poland, cipital of a pal-inate of the lame name, wi'h a citadel, a biihop's f(ie, an academy, an'' a handfome Je yifh fynagogue. I'- ''; feaied on the viver Wieprz, 1 10 miles N. E. of Cracow, and .5 S. E. ot V/arl'aw. Lon. 22. -v;. E. 't. 5,..4.N. Lunow, a tow.-, of Poland^ .a the pa- latinar;; of Cracow, 50 miles S. E. of that Lon. 20. 36. E. lat. 49. 36. N. Luc, a town of France, in the o apart- ment of Var and late province ef Pro- vence, 2; miles N. E. 01 Toulon. Lon. 6. 2-,.E. lat. 43. 2S.N. Luc, =» tow.i of France, in the depart- ment of Ifere and late province of Dau- phiny, feated on the river Drome, 32 miles S. of Grenoble. Lon. 5. 48. E. lat. 44. 40. ISl. LucAK-i)E BapaM'^da, St. a fea city. port of Spain, in A ''■' ''a, with a biihop's of Swilferhnd, and the moft confideraole fee. It 'has ?. very nne harbour, well of them, except Zurich and Bern. It i» ("efended ; a:,d is feated at the mouth of bounded on the E. by the cantons of Un- die river Guadalquiver, 44 miles S. by derwald, Schweitz, and Zug, and, on all W. of S'viUe, and 270 S. by W. of Ma- the other fides, bv the canton of Bern. d.:-' Lon 5. <;4. W. lat. 36. s«-N. The inhabhants are Roman Catholics; LuCAR-DE-GuAniANA.aftrrngtown and they can fend i6,ooo men into the of Spain, in Andalufia, with a fmall bar- field. It is 30 miles in length and ao bnur on the river Guadiana, 39 m''" in breadth. The government of this re- N E of Faro. Lon. 8. 16. W. lat. 37. public is entirely ariftocrs"cal, or rather ,5 jj oligarchical. The fovcr iLn p^er re- Lu*car-la-Mavor, St. a town of fides in the council of one liundTO, corn- Spain, in Andalufia, with the title of a prifing the fenate, orhtile council.^ The duchy, feated on the river Guadiana, lo miles' N. W. of Seville. Lon. 5. 33. W. lat. 37. 36. N. Lucca, a town of Italy, capital of a republic of the fame name. It is about three miles in circumference, and fur- rounded by a wall and other modern for- tifications. It is an archbilhop's fee, and ^he churches are very handfome. The in- former is the nominal (bvereign ; but the whole power refides in the latter, cohfift- ing of 36 perfons, who arc formed into two divifions, which excrcife the office by rotaiion. The divifion which retires at the end of fix months confirms that which comes into office ; and as the vacant places in the fenate are filled up by its own body, the power reipains in the poffeflion of » LUC LUC fcvv ratrkian families. The fc.atorUl was al o.tcd »" ^•"""- ,V\eU.r!'d ,. uc fomc ;k,rc.. a. hcrcluf.ry j the f.n g.nc- French by the peact ., .^_3. J ^^^ ^ -^ r«llv lu. calinK h,i fitht'r, or the bmrlicr two higu muuntains, by -vaich tUis Hand h'.broUar Tn. ch,ef.'of the rcpub'.c ,r,ay be known at a coniuiera„le chban.c. arc two nuuii'tr.ilts, called atlvoycrs, who are chofen "tr.m the Iciiate by the fove- reign, an«i anniuilv confirmed. LvctiiN, the capital of ;hc canU'i, of I.iKtrn, III SvMlTirUiid. It is divided iii'o two by one of thi; branches of thu river Jlcufs, \vh;ch t.d!u into the lake, on which the town lb riti'/,:ted. It fcaictiy c(jntaiivi 30C0 inhubitanrs, has r.o marufaftuics of confeqiicncc, and little cummerce ; and there is no place where Uarnir;; meet- It is 70 mile'* N. VV of Barbadoes, L,on. 60. .; -. and with Ids encouragement, and.conleqi.tnt- donftan Propei, capu ly, is Itfs cultivated. The pope hai. al- i..-. •> .r,. ■ways a nuncio rdident in thii town, Th. cathedral and the late Jeltiits' church arc the only puulic budiiiii(',s worthy ofob- ftrvation ;' but thev are loo loaded with rich ornaments, and difirraccd by bad paint- ings. In the cathedral is an organ of a fine tone, and of an extraordinary fze ; «' the centre pipe," lavs Mr. Coxe, " be 21 S. of Martinico. lat. n.i^N. , ^ ^ , T- I Luci V, Si-, one of the Cape de \ erd Khnd^, ab ut 400 m-.lcs W. of .he conn- nent of Africa. Lon. 14- 3^- '^^'- l-'^- '''• '^ LuciriSANO, a town of Italy, in Tid- cany , 10 miles S. of Sienna. Lon. 11. 11. E. lat. .1^0. N. LvcKNOW, an ancient city of Hin. • ■ Oude. It is an cxtentive place, hat ir.eanly built : the houlcs arc clucflv mud walls, covered with thatch ; and many confii^ entirely of mats and bamboos, and arc thatched with leaves of the cocoa-nut, palm-trce, and lome- times with ftraw. Very iew of the houlcs of the natives arc built with brick : the ftrccts are crooked, narrow, and worlc than moll in ln 'f was hf Ivii'lilii, '■'lit reniirc-a lo tuc the pcact 'i- rricrc a.c loiintains, by wliirh this iHand own at a conrulcraljlu dlhancc. ,iles N. W. nf B.-irhadoes, and M'.utinico. Lon. 60. a'- V/. N. S 1 . one of the Cape de \ erd ) lit 400 mdcb \V. of i.he conri- rica. Lun. 24. 3i-'^^'- l-'^- "■'• SANO, a town of Italy, m Tid- illcs S. of Sienna. Lea. 11. ir. O.N. KNOW, an ancient city of Ilni. icper, capital of Oiide. It is an place, but ir.eaiily built : the ; clucHv muii walls, covered with tnd many confii^ entirely of mats ocs, and arc thatched with leaves ,coa-nut, pahr.-trce, and fonie- h ftraw. Very 'ew if the houfcs tivcs arc buiV with bnck : the •e crooked, narrow, snd worlu ill India. In the dry feaion, and heat are intolerable ; in the on, the mire is I'u deep as to be palTable ; and there is a great of elephants btloni^iiig to the nd the great men of h;s court, re continually paiiin- the llreets, the palace, or to the nyer, to the ijrer and annoyance of the foot •, as well as the infeiior clafs of )ers. The comfoi's, conveniency, rty of this clafs "f pc'P'e arc, in- Ic attended to, either by the i^rtat their fervaiits; the elephant itklf ■eq'iently known to be inlmitely entivc to them us he paffes, an(l rcu in particular. The palace ot ob is !'e ited on a high bank near mty, and coinmands an extenlive h of that river and the countrv <,n em fide. Lucknow is 650 miks if Calcutta. Lon. 81. ^3. E. lit. N. K.o, a confidcrable town of Poland, jf Volhinia, with a citadel, and a fee ; I'eate.l on the river Stcr, - 5 I. E. of Lerrburg, and 17; S. h. fa w. Lon. ; ;. 3°- K- '^t- ^ ' • l':, ^ " o, a town of the kingdom of Ni- eated on the weltcrn bank of ttie ;lano. ON, or Luzon, an epifcopal town ice, in the department of Vetv.ke ■c province of Poit-.u. The famous il Richelieu was bilhop of th;s place, ated in an unwholeiuuic morals, 17 4. of Rochellc. and to S. of Nantes. .5.W.i.t.46.z7.N, ^^,^^_ LUG LtTONiA, or MANir !. A, the chi'.f <>f the rhilippniclllands, m Afi i, in the N . I'a- fifie Ocean, .^oo miles ni len^'th. and rco m breadth. It is not fo hot as maybe ex- pc^td, beraufe it 1. well watered by larjTC lakes and rivers, and the periodical rains, which iiuuukite all _ llu; plains. 'Jhere are fcveral v Icanos in the mcun- tains, which occafion earth(]u,d;es ; ^and a varict of L U N of h<'t baths. The produce )f this 'iiland is wax cotton, wild cin- n.ld, la- mniun, fukihur, cocua-nul', rire, p'k horfcs, buihiloes, and game. The inh? bitantb are a mixture of fevttn! nations, befide Spaniards; and ihcy ail produce a inixcil breed, difiinrl from any 01 the relf. Tne blacks have long hair, and ^ood fea- tures ; and there is one tribe, v.ho prick their ikins, a.ul drsw figures on them, as they do in molf < :her countries where they eo naked. To this illard the Spa- niai-ds" bring all forts of comniofi.tics ; fuch as fiKer, from New Spain, Mexico, and Peru; diamonds, from C Iccnda ; filks, tea, Japan and China-ware, and .^ki duif, from China and Japar, The Sp; maids fend hence two krge il.ips every year to Acapulco, in Mexico, with inerchandile, and return back with fdver. Th.ere is an iiKpiifition here, bur it di.cs nor aife^t the ■"■ ' Lon, about natives and the Mahoivetan 122° K. and hit. i^^N. LuDEKSBLRG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower S'.xony and duchy of Lawenburg. It is feated on the river Elbe, five miles ai)ove the town of Law - enbiirg. . LuDnERSHALt., a bfirough :n VVilt- fhire, whole market is difufcd. I,r is 15 miles M. of Saliilniry, and 71 N. by \V. cf London. Lon. i. 45- W. lat. 51. 17. N. l.uDi.ow, a borough of ShropllHrc, with a market on Monday. It is feared on ihe river Tame, and is a large well- built town. Here a court is held for the marches of Wales ; and it Is cncompanTed by a v.all, having 'even gates. It has hke- w'ifc a caftle, where all bufinefs was for- nierlv tranfafted for the principality of Wales; a (lately church, f( rmerlv colle- giate ; and an aliiicdi.iufe for ^o poor people. it is governed by two bailiils, a recorder, II aldermen, and 24 made rs. It is iq miles S. of Shrewflmry, and i3!< N. W. of London. Lon. j. 41. W. lat. 52. 13- N. Lugano, a town of Swififerland, capi- tal of a bailiwick of the fame name, which IS the principal of the four tranfalpine bailiwicks. Its fituation is delightful ; be- ing built round a gentle curve of the lake ef Lugano, and backed by ;■- fine fucccf- (^on of hills viruig in gentle fwclls to a conlidtrable height : irt front, a bold mountain, clothed with, forcft, projtiU into the l>ke, of which a noble brancii ex- tends to its ri;;ht and left. It is the em- porium of the grcr.teft part of tin. mer- clKunlife, svhlcu'pifies fiom Italv over the St. Gothird, or the Hernardin. It coii- luns ".but ^;:oo inhabitants. On an eminence above the town, is the prmcipai church, wh^ch ha'; a delightful profpett from Its tctr.i^e. ivloft of the houl'es are built of tufstone ; and ihe refidence of the capitano, or governor, is a low builduig, on the wall.; of which are the arms of ii cantons to which this bailiwick is iu'ijtft; for the canton of Appen/.el has no jurif- diMion over it. • is 1 7 miles N. W. of Como. Lon. 8. 4S. K. lit. .15. 54- N. * Li.'tJANO, a lake of Swifferland, on the T'.dian lidc of the Alps. It is about 25 i!;iles ill lent'ili, and from two to four in bix-idth ; its' fovni irregular, and bend- ing into c mtinual linuofities. Ir is about 190 feet perpendicular higher than the lakes of Como and Locarno. The town of Lugano forms a fine o'.'jcft from this lake, iieing backed bv an amphitheatre of » liiils ; iheb.mks (>n ench fide bordered by a fucceffion of gardens and villas. Lut;o, an ancient city of Spam, in Ga- licia, with a bithop's fee. There are fprings in this city boiling hot. It is feat- ed on the river Minho, 32 miles S. E. of Mondonnedo, and 60 S. W. of Ovicdo. Lon. 8. 51. W lat. 42. 46. N- Lli.a, a town of Swedidi T.fphnd ; feated at the mouth of the river LuU. on the W. fide of the gulf of B -ihnia, 4* miles S. W. of Tornca. Lon. 22. 10. E. lat. 6-,. 29. N. . , r LvNn. a town of Sweden, capita, of Schfuien with ?n archbilhopric, and a uni- verfity. It is edccmed the molf ancient town in Sv.cden, according to an old pro- verb, that " wb.en our Saviour was born, Lund was in its glorv." it contain* fcarcelv more than 800 houfes, carries on but lirrie trade, and is principally lupport- ed by its univcrfuy, founded by Cliarlcs XL and from him' called Academia Caro- lina Gothorum. Here likewife a Royal Pnyfiographical Society was inftituted in 177'j, and incbrporared by the king ... 177S. The fubje<':}s trcarcd of in its Ai^ts relate only to natural hillory, chymifiry, and agricuhurc. The cathedral is an an- cient irregular building. It is 20 miles S. E. of Landfctona, and 2iS S. W. of Stockholm. Lon. 13. 26. E. lat. 55. 33. N. . ^ LuNDEN, a town of Gerinany, in the duchy of Holffein, feated near the river C c 4 Eyder, L U N Eyder, 36 miles N. N W. of Gluekfladt. Lon. q. 20.E. lat. ;a. 16. N. LuNDY, an ifla d in 'h^; ninuth of the BriftuI Channel, near tb middle, bttwtsn Dcvonlhirc i.nd Pcinbrokelliire. L.on. 4. ,3. W. U. ^1. i;.N. _ LuNEL, n t 'wn of France, m the de- partmeni of Gird and late province of L;ineuednc, ntnr the river Riduurle. It pr. duces cxctllent mufcadme wine. Jt u ,6 miles E. of MontptUier. Lon. 4. ly. b,. la' 3. ^'^ N. Lu.NtNBUKG, a duchy of Germany, in ■ ' circle of L wcr S;ixony. Includ- ing. Zll.it i" bounded bv tlie river Eiat, .hichllparatesit from H.lOein and Lawoburj; on the N. bv the mar.iuilate of B-nndcnb irg on the t. hy tht duchy of B.unlwick. on tie S. and by the duchies of Brcmtn and VVcftph..haon the W. It is abut .00 miles in length, and 70 'n breadth. Ir is watered by the rivers Al- ler. Elbe, ai d Ilmenui ; and part of it is full of heatlii and fortfts ; but, near the rive.s, pretty fertile. It abounds wr.h w 1(1 boars ; for vhich realon the Cier- maP nob.liiy come to hunt here m the proper feafon. It i< Uibj.tt to the elec ior of Hanover. Lunenburg is the capi- tal town. r ■/• J e Lunenburg, a large fortified town of Germany capital of a duchy of the lame name Here were formerly four monal- teries ; and out of th.. revenues of one, of the Bpncdiftine order, was founded an aca.'eii.y f r the martial exercites, where VOunggcnUcnun of the duchv of Lunen- burg arc n-..nntained gratis, and taught •Frei'Cii, fenrnji, riding, and d.i,,cing. A Latin fcho. 1 w^- likewi'e founded out of the revenues. Tht chief public edifices are 'hr<.e p-.rifh churches, the ducal palace, three- holprals, 'ht t.)«n!ou'.e, ihe lah HiatJF.zine tho anau mical thea.re, the aca- dimv, am! V e conventual church of St. Mi hael. in vtiich art interr«dihe ancient dukes, atui ,„ which is a famous tab'e. eij-ht feet 1 .ng and four wid.-, plttd over vith iha'fd g. Id, with a iim imbdli . ed Mvith pieci us I'one?, of an iinmenfe vaUu, which sva> taken from th<- Samcens by the empc-r Otho, and prefented to this church; but, in i6<)S. a gang of r.ibbers flnpiicJ it of too ruti'ts and emeralds, with a laigc damond, and ivol^ -f the eold. fo that but a Imall part of it remains Thel'e robbers were in nun^her t vtlve, and were aft.rward all tdkcn. and broken ■ upon the wheel. The (alt Ipnngs near th's phice i>r>.dur.- i;res. iiu;Aiiliiies of lair, whic'. bring in a go-d nscnue to the lo- ver i n.m'. ch'cflv em;! y the inhabitants Lunenburji is feattd on the river Ihnenau, L U T 31 miles S. E. of Hamburg, and 60 N. of Brunfvvick. Lon. ic. 31. E. lat. 53. 16 N. LuNKRA, a mountain of Italy, between Naples and Piizznli. It contains a great deal of fulphur and alum ; ;ind the fpriiigs th.it rife from it arc excellent for curing wounds. Li'NRViLLE, a large, handfome, and wtU-inhubited town of France, in the de- partment of Mcuthe aid late duchy of Lorrain, with a magnihcent caftle, where the dukes formerly kept their court, a$ did afterward king Staniflaus. It is now converted into barracks. The church of the late regular canons is very handfome ; and here king Staniflaus founded a niihta- ry fchool for young gentlemen, a large li- brary, and a fine holpital. It is feated in an agreable plain, on the rivers Vezouze and Meiirthc. 1 1 miles S. E. of Niiiici, and 6z W. of S;ralbuig. Lon. 6. 35. E. lat. ^8. 36 N. LupoGlavo, a town of Iftria, feated near the mountains of Vena, 1 5 miles W. of St. Veit. It belongs to the houfe of Auftria. Lu ->< E, a town of France, in the depart- ment i.f Upper Saone and late province of Franche Comte, remarkable only for a late ai>bey of Beneditlines, converted, in 1764. into a chapter of noble canons. It is 30 miles N. E. of Befan^on. Lon. 6. 33. E. lat. 47. 38. N. LuRi, an ancient town of Corfica, be- tween the point of Cape Corfe and the tow ns of Baftia and St Fiorenzo. LusATiA, a marquifaie of Germany, bounded on the N by Brandenjurg, on the E. by Siklia, on the S. by Bohemia, and on tht W. by Mifnia. It is divided into the Upper and Lower, and is fubjeft to the eleftor of Saxony. LusiGNAN, a town of France, in the department of Vienne and late province of P itou ; feated on the river Vonne, 12 milck S. W.of Pi'itiers, and zooS. W.of Paris. LoD. o. o. lat. 46. 30. N. Luso, a river of Italy, which rifes in the duchy of Urbino, and after having crolTed part of Romagna, falls into the gulf of Venice, 10 miles to the W. of Rimini. LuTKNBURG, a town of Germany, m the circle of Aurtria and duchy of Stiri ; feated on the river Meurt, 34 miles S. E. of Gratz. Lon. 16. ic. E. lat. 46. 46. N. LuTKENKURG, a town in Grrmany, in the duchy of Holfttin, feated near the Bal'ic. 13 miles from Pioen. Luro.si, a town in Bedfirdftiire, with a market on Monday. It is pleafantly^ Icated among fome hills, 18 miles S. of Bed- •mfH.f^fV i Ti^;^ ^ S^rrg- L U T . E. of Hamburg, and 60 N. of . Lon. ic. 31. El lat. 53. A, a mountain of Italy, between 1 Piizznli. It contains a great jhurand alum ; ;ind the fpriiigs rom it arc excellent for curing ILLE, a large, handfomc, and (ited town ff France, in the de- of Mcuthe aid late duchy of ,vith a magnihcent caftic, where formerly kept their court, as rard king Staniflaus. It is now into barracks. The church of ;gulrfr canons is very handfome ; ^-j;^,; the river io'ms a torrem, which ruihe, impctuoufly througn the great maffes of i^k that ohftruft its courle, an.l, with Inconceivable violence, forces from their be-lsthe moft enormous fragments. Hit Joan I Zwey Lutfchinen and Lauterbrun- nen is over this river, by a kind of bridge, which, to a flranger to the country, pre- fers the moft terrific appearance. Sul- nendcd over a roaring torrent, and fixed Eft the fules of roct,that are almoft in a leaning p-fuion, it exhibits at once the idea of a double danger. A huge vern- cal ftone, raifcd in the middle of the river, fupports fome tliick planks fo badly join- ed, as to be neither fteady nor fo lid , and thefe form a wretched inlecure bridge. LuxkMHUUO, a cnnfiiUr-iWc and very ftroiifj town of the Auftrian Netherlands, capit'il of a duchv of the fame name. It wastak.n, in 1684, bv the French, who augmented the fortilic.itions lo nuu li, that It 1- one of tiie flK-ngcft place* in Europe ; but it v^a;. ceded to the lioulc of Aultria by the treaty of Utretiit in 171 3' I> '» divided by the nver Eiijc into the upper and lov.'er town'- ; the former, aliiK)lU-,uitc lurrounded x< ith rocks, but the lower feated in a pla'n. It is 2 ^ miks S. W. of Treves, aiut 100 W. of Mentz. Lon. 6. 17.E. !:it.49. 37.N. , , . . LuxKMBL'Ri;, the duchy of, one ot the 17 provinces of the Nethdiinds ; bounded on ilie E. bv the archbifhopric of Treves ; on the S. l-y Lorrain ; on the W. partly bv Champagne, and partly by the bilhopric' of Liege, which hkewile, with part of Limbing, bounds it on the N. It lies in the foreft of Ardenne;, which is one of ihc inoft famous in Eu- rope. In I'ome places it is covered xvith • woods, but is, in general. cuftomeU to fu:h ftrange communications, would tremble to attempt. Hence the Lutfchinen flows till it falls into the lake of Brientz. . , LuTTER, a town of Germany, m e ";--- " ;^ ^ Saone and late pro. duchy of Brunfwick, "^'^"^^'^J^^^^ , ^'^ "X. of l.ranche'^Comte, remarkable fo: battle gained here over the ^mpena, , ^^^^^^^_ j,_.^^_^^ ^^^^ _^^,,^,^^^ ^ fertile in corn and wine ; and here are a great number of iron-mines. Tiie prin- cipal rivers are the Mofelle, the Soi.r, the Ourte, and the Semoy. It belongs partly to the houlc of Auftria, and partly to the French. Llxelmi,, a town in France, in the :or bv'the "Danes, in .616. J' ;^ «='g'il"l''f N W. of Goflar, and 13 S. E. of "'''":'- heim. Lon. .0. iS-E-l"- ^\t^\ , LuTTtRWORTH, a town of Lcice ter- Ihire, with a market on Thuriday. It is feated on the river Swift, in a fertile loll, and is a pretty good place, adorned with a large handfome church, which !>«» .« J^"^ lofry fteeple. Here the famous \\ ick dt the firft reformer, was reflor, who died in 1385; but was dug up and burnt tor a herelic 40 years after. It ^, .4 rmlcs S. of Leiccfter, and 88 N. N- ^- "^ London. Lon. 1. 10. W. lat. 5»- '■^: N- LvTZEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, famous for a \)at. tie fought here, in 1632, when the ce- lebrated Guftavus Ad.lpbus, king of Sweden, was killed, in the moment of vi^ory. It is leacd on Uic nver LiUci, its mineral waters. From tlie number of urns, medals, and infcriptions, found here, it is fuppoled to have been a confulerablc place in the time of the Romans. It was deftroved by Aitila, in 4-o- 'N'-ar the town was a lat(- celebrated abbey, foundeJ by St. Columban. an Irilhman. It is feated at the foot of the mountains, called the Vo'ges, 1 5 miles W . of Vefoul. Lon. 6. 14. E. lat. 47. CO. N. Luz/.ARA, a Ifrong town of Italy, r^ the confines of the duchies of Mantua and Guaftail... near the place where the river Croiiolo falls into the Po. It is rcmavk- aiile for a hattle fought here between the French and Spaniards, in 1702, when each fide claimed the v-ftory. It is londles b. of Maniua. Lon. 10. 50. E. lat. 45. 0. N. , . , f -NT Ll'ZZI, a town of the kingdom ot Wa- pics, X' It I, Y N 1, nrnr tlu' river Crati', three Ktru'.iiMii']. LvrilAM, or I.YTril \M. a town of M(,r("lk, wt.cit ni;trkct is (lifuitil. It ib »4nules W.ot ^;„1■^^ idi. rin.l 9: ^- ^- ^• of L<>n<'n. o. ^o. K. lat. 'i- 4S- N. Lvi'MNfM « villavf in Kent, lic,ir Gravcfuul. Here it wiis thnt (>.o yrui.i; ■Norir.Mi -entimun. w' o laiv.c ovcrw.ii the voiuig pvi-Kc; Alfn.l an.1 Tv,!-.-,.!, the ion:, (.f F.ihtlivi'., litter tiic ckn h <.t the IJaiiilh kln^ C'ltiute, tot.ike polMhoii (if tl'.eir f.ithir's thr. ne, were mi'.iuiccl by G.iUvyn earl .f Ktiir, in onltr to le- cure the crown to liiiii^ilf and liis t'.innlv. Lykssi;, a town of Frame, in tl'e ue- partiiicnt of the N..rih ai .1 iatc prnvirce if French Hainaulr, 1 c nnlis K. ot l„m- •drccy. L'-n. 4. >o- »'■• ">'• '"'■ 6- ^.• Lyme Rl(;is, n bon u.uh and it->p<)rt of Dorletli-iic, witlt n inarktt on Friiliv. It is fe:i'.e(l on the d.clivitv oF a cf igiiv hill, at the ld 14? \V. by S. of London. Lon. 3. o. v^ . lat. ^T,- 40. N. I YMl^■'^.TON, a borouj^-h of Hants, viih a market on Saturday ; featcl about a mile from the chanael that r iii« be- tween the mainl'iui ..nd the Ifle '-i V,'ij,,.t, with a harbour for veiTtls ..f conldiM.le burden, it is yo miles S. \V. or Li ndon. Lon. I. 4'- VV. .at. ^a..jvN._ *■ Lyvphl'KST, avriHt;eof J-ants. m the New Forell. Here is a lea:, which belon-'s to the duke of (^I'.aicefU i, as lord varden of the New Forelt. It i.s %x miles S. W. o'' London. Lynn Regis, or Kivt/s T.ynv ^ flrutr.hin" borough and Icaportol Nortulk, viih narkets on Tueirfav and Sa-u,-- a ,y. Kctwithflandir.za b^.d harhcair, it car- ries on a bx^e tra.le. Hy the Ou!e, and jrs airociated rivciT, it fupphc^ moll ot the midland counties with caal, timber, and wine; and, in return, exports ni./,t and corn in great quar.tuies. it a h-a PM-takes in the Greenland filhcry. Jts air is unwholelome, on account ot -ts vici- „i,y ,0 the fens. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, hiy;h-flew-aru, .1 --p-^- mcr. and iScomnnon-council-men. It t.as two churches, a iari^e chapel, and two 11 - <;.,Kini:n:cet;n^.h.ules. Toe tUeets are narrow, but wed p-ivud; anu i: nas -i ijolU I. Y O S. rrnrl-.if.pli'C, with an ele;:an» cr< ff. Tf IS 4'! miles N. bv K. of C oubridi;*, and irfi N. by E. of Loudon. L 11. c. :S. K. lit. :,2. 4v N. . „ , LvoNois, a pfunce in tue S. of Fiant, which, with that of Kore/, now fiTn,s t1'C deiiaiimrnt of Klioiic and Loire. Lyons is the capital. [aov.s, the ('.cond city if Fra>ice, for brauty, eoiiuiicm. .'nd otnilenic ; fcated at the cuntlucncr of the Kboue and Sa'.ne, in the department of RIv ne and Loire, and late province of l.yon'>r. It was founded, ,ib lur the y^ ar 42 H. C. bv the K maiij, wiio m.;de'it the cfitre of the coirinitree of the Gauh. In the year .jc ■•mIu C hriftian era, it was dcdaied a K mm c.l iiy, on the pi^'pofiii^'n of the emperor Cluidius. whole oran-n to the fenate, on this oecafion, ii engraved on two brai't phies in the hotti di--ville. Some (f the P.ioft diHinjruillied Ron ?ns pride-1 tli.aidclvfs in a;';'r.>nd;/.ii,g tins cuv, and miki'i^ if ttitir irlrknCK. Aui^ufius, in particular, who refidcd here rlirte yeais, jiul a temple, on the ruins of wnicii wa* built the la'e aiibey oi Ail'nay. .'\hout the Vear 14;, thu. city was totally ilel\roycd bv lire, but was rebudt, by the mders and muniiiren'-t; of Nero. Many aiiti- e,uiiies may ftill be oberved, ihat evince it> k-man «.. li'in. Lvons, which is the lee rilbilh'op, contains if.o.-oo inhabit. ants, upv ard of v-'>cco of nhom are em- ployed in various manufattures, particu- larly of riih Itutls, of the iii-rt excpur.ie wotkmannrip, in fi'k, i^VS, fiber, &r. Its con^mcrce, pv.re conttderahle formerly, is Hill very exteiilne ; and u has ,our cele- hratut annual fairs. Many h!rcs ; and two of the ('((Uarts are p-,rticul;',rlv admired. The hot..l.oe.vi|le Mls wiih'that of Amft et long. Tbere au; ilo-ic other principal fuburbs, fix gates, and leveral tine cb.urehcs. The convents ot ad kinds (to whatever ui'es they are now Roplied) arc near fixty in number. Such was Lyons before the fatal year •ngj, v.'hcn,'in June, it revohed a;j:ain(l the authority (f the National Convention. Heu.t^ oblii'ud to furrender, in Oitober, 10 lUc republican army, tht Conven- tign I. Y O :c, wirli an tli C I'liln'nii;*, ;n>i| E- ('.( l.unil-'n. L II. c. ;S. K. N. s, a pf'ince in tiie S. of iicli, with that of honr, ivnv (Iciiaiimrtit i;f kliouc and (ins IS iht c-ipital. the (Vcond city of Fra-icc, f'>r niicrcL, .'nd ntnilciuc ; i'cMcA at ■ncc (if the Khniie ;wul Sa'.m-, artnimr of Rivne and l.niri', iroMnce of I.yonci";. It wns I) luf the yi .ir 42 H. C. hy the ;iw in. '.lie it the ffitre (if ih.e (if the Gauls. In the vcar iiriftinn tra, it w.is dcdaicd a ny, "n ll'c pi"iv'riii<'n "f tlie :iiui!iu'.. whctc cniffn to the ins ottMlVMi, ii cnjiravLd on two :s in ttic hotd (!i--vilk-. S.inie 1} diOtni'iiifhi-d Rnn?ns pridi-'l 111 , cind.ZM.g this cirv, and ttitii ii!i'ii.ncK. Auiiiifius, in \vh ) ri.lided h(.rt: rhrec ytai', j.U, on the riiiMs 1*' wliicii wAt |:i>,' abbey oi Ail'nay. .\nout ;;, till!, city was totahv dcUroytd nt was lebuilt, by the oiders .ictt!'-'; of Nero. M.iny anti- ly fiill be ob'crved, that cvinL-e ('.lii'in. I.voiis, which is tin l(,e liilh'op, contains if'O.roo inh.ibir- ai-d of v-'>C''-0 of '\h»in art- eiii- vai-iius niaiuifattiircs, particu- ih (tiitls, of the ni'.rt txijiur.u; liip, in nik, ^',ol'l. (^I' «•''• ^i"- ':* , pv.re cont-.derahlc formerly, is ixtcnlne; and 't hiiS ,our celc- :m\ fair>. MMny of the flretts w and inconvenient ; but the ad..rncd witli very magr.iliccnt ; and two of the f(|U,-in.s are ly admired. The hm..|.iU:.> ille 'that of Ainfttrdam; aiul the not ftirpali'.d hy at^w in FrHiitt. r principal puhli'c buiUi.njiS w;v l-Dieii, tlie Ihifpiial o! Chariiv, ^nner, the Cnft-in-honlt, tiic :' Juftice, the Arftnal, a public md two roliegis. Tlie l>iidjjc, tuts the city with the I'uhiob de Licre, is i;0o *M't Ion-:. Tt'cre other piiiicipal I'ubtirbs, fix gates, al tine cl'.urehes. The convents nds (to wliatover uits they are lied) are near fixty in number. IS Lyons before the fatal yea " hen, 'in J tine, it revolted a;j:ain(l «itv of the National Convention. Vut'ed to fill render, in Oitober, republican army, tiit Conven- M /\ C MAC \)Ui;>Oin'^ "t I..VUI1S Hiw,,,u .- -.- ■• ,■ . ■indnH name of the city chant'e'lfo. hat of \ 1 1. 1 r. A I- K K A N C II 1 K. I he cine s o ,he ir.li.rgcnts had lied, bnt •'^•ve'^l 'J thrm were afterward taken ; and ut ^,,i^ nerions. that were tried hctore the rtvo- |„„„„,rv tri'vunal .ipp.m.cd m the rity f(,r thit purpoie, .'.bz were citl.tr Iha nr bLheaded. Lyons is 1 c milts N. of Vienne. and no. S. B. ot Pans. Lon. 4. c^. K. lat. 45' ■^'>- N- I vi'i/.K, or Lii'fH, a town of Hiin- cu-v. capital '.f the county r,f Lypeze ; fe.ted on the Gran, live miles auove liillricj. M. ,„n decreed. ,l.r the --l-nd ptd^x ;;";;^'-2,;- ^ -^tir^V;;^ ^•''';';''^'\.:;!...'::;^L''r;d;:,.;r^:-hi; ham,., buttons. ..dtm-ad ; iK.e are .e. veral mill., i'l" the wini.'ini: ..t hlh. .Mac- ileslield is 36 milts 1'-. i>f Chtfttr, ..nil 171 N. W.ot London. Lon. 1. 17. W. la't. ^.r 15- N. Mackddnia, a province of Juikey in Liirope; bounded on the N. by Serv;i and Unlgaria; on the L. hy Romania, and the Arcliipela-o ; on ilie S. by Liva- dia and put of Aluania; and on ihc W. by Aloruiia. Salonichi is the capital. M\itK\T.\, a conlulerable, hand- fome, and populous town of Italy. 11. the mar.piilaie ot Ancona, with a bilhop's lee, and a univtrlifv. It is near the nu untain Chiento, 12 niilts S. W. of Lorctto, and 20 S. W of Ancona. Lon. 13. 17- ^• hr.Ai- io. N. he Mac 11 ten on, a town of France, in of the department of Lower Loire and late province of Hretagnc, leated on the river Tenu, 20 miles b. W. of Nantes. Lon. ,. ,,. W. lat. 47. 2. N. Maciiian, one ot the Molucca Ifian in the Indian Ocean, sliont 20 mile circumference, and the nu.ll fcrtil f them all. Jt nkewifc pnalnces the Left cloves, and is in polTtlh m of the Dutch, who have lure three inacccHible torts. Lon. i2f'. 5 5- K.h't-c- »• . „ . MAi'HifAC'.), a promontory of Sp'in, in the bay of Bifcay. Lon. 3. 0. W. lat. Maihisleth, a town of Montgo- mtrvlhirc, in N. Wales, with a market on Monday. It is le .ted on the Doiiay, over whicli is a large Hone b idge leading into Merionethfliire. It i- 30 miles W. of Montgomery, and 198 N. W.of London. Lon. 3. 41. W. lat. 12 24- N. Mackeran, or RL\t:KKAS-, a pro. vince of Perfia, bounded on the N. by Sigilfan and SablettAn, on the E. by Hin 1 .■. n- _ ,.„ .hi. Si liv fhe Arabia MABRA, a town of Africa, in the kmt',domof Algiers; leated on the gulf of H-'na, to the VV. ot the town '"'MTr;, a town of China in tl. pro vinee (.f Canton, in an iHand at tbe n^.",nh !,f the river Tae. The I'ortuguele ivave been in pofl-emon of the harbour, ^o ve^.rs: formerly they had a great trade iiere but now they have only a fort. J he Ss are built alter the lame manner as rope- '"- Chinefe are m.;re .|U- r erous than (he Porttigue e, winch lal\ ar a m-edbreed; for they "ke any vomen to their wives. Here is a Portu- 3erov.rnor,asweUasaChineleman- &. no take care of the town and the „ei,.hbouring country. Lon. 11 3- 5 < • t- '«. "m1c!Jssar, a kingdom of Afia, iti the ilLmd of Celebes, whence that .n.ul is alio called MacatTar. See Cm-F.BKS. M.cAssAU, a large town o the. (land of Celebes, capital of the kmgdon. of the fan-^ naiv.e The houfes are a 1 of wood, :;,rted^^^ ; t ... ..i-.,.„,l into them, whieli the lame nao'.i;. V-" " a. . ■^n^ thev have Sig tan and banielian, on rue .>. ..y li. iupported hv ^h-ck poft , «"' ;^y J j„^„.,^„ p, „,, „„ ,he S. by the Arabi ladders t,. alcend '"'" \'\ "^ ;';' '' J;,J gca, and on the VVctt by Kerman. t ooonan iio^ici, »ii •■••'- "• ■ j — ,^ . Sea, a.id on the VVctt by Kerman. It is tributary to the king of Canaauar ; and the capital, of the fame name, is 100 rnilts N. W. of Tatta. Lon. 6fi. o. E. lat. 26. o. N.^ MACOCO.a kingdom of Africa, to the E. of Congo, and S.of the equator. The Por. •■^ '• " ' tuguefe carry on a trade with the inhibit. .r „.«^ . fcaport of Dalmatia, ants forflaves.elephantVtecth, andcc.ner. MvcARSKA, «^^ '"P.°r\ ,.,, , ,3 ,,,. MacoS, *n ancievt ttnvn ot n'ders to aicenu i'"-" •■• ■ ^ ir V up as loon as they base entered The roofs are covered with very arge leaves, lo that the ram cannot perxtrate. Jtisica.ed.u-arth.mouthofalarger.- hieh runs through the kingdom Lon. ii'?. i*i- ^- '^'- 5 v.r, from N. to b. o. S. Mv'-AKSKA, a icaport o. ! 1 , f Primo .ria, w th a bifl.op s (ec ; capital or 1 nmoj^iM, ,••'<: i,- fcatcdonthet^ultofVenice 2V.';"^'>S|.. cfSpahtro. Lon..3.7.E.lat.«■::-9•^• ^ ,x(C..EsKItl.n, a town in ^.-^!-'>;-' xvi 1 u market on Monday-. It .s Icau^d at he edge of a foreft of the fame name, ;;^h>'gh bank, near the riveiBolbn; end is a Urac handlomc town, with a hne 1 copper, MacoS, %n ancie'.t t(nvn of Frjiici, in the depariment of Sanne and Loire and late province of Rurk'uiuly. it was lately a bilhop's lee ; is remarkable for its good wine ; and is leated on the declivity (^)f a hill, near the river Saonc, 35 miles N. of Lvjms, and l8!i S. E. of Paris. %lACRt.s, a livwr of Afnca, which runs aurou #» I MAD ternfs the kingtlom nf Tripoli, and falls into the Mediterranean , a liule to ilic E. of Lcbcda. c u n a •Mack I, an ancunt town of the illand of S.inios in the Arihipel ij;n. Macro, (h Macuonissi, im ill^nd of the Ar'iiil''* of Li- vadia, ic iniics K of Arliens. • Mm L'NA, one iif the Nivigatrirs in:inds in the S. l^cific Oci in. Here M. dc l.i l'cvr()U<«, conini,ii'dcr of the Frtncii Clips, 'ht B mnole ami AOrilal-e, on a vyaj^e of diri.(,v< ry, met with his firrt fat4 accidtnt •, M. dr Langlc. h:s captain of the Artn'l..be, with e^^hf offi- cers and ri%e fa'dors, Liine nu^niitrtd hy ilie native. I.i'n. iCf^.o VV. Ur. 14. 10. S. Maczva, dlni...i fland^n tlicR^dSia, rear the c< al^ I'f Abex, .ad city cf Lrto- co, or Arl.ile luiter feature!, than the rclV. It is a populous coiiiury ; ycr they have no cities or towns, iuit a great nunibci of viUaiHs a fmall diftance f...m carl; c -her. Their houfcR are pitiful huts, with d'.ois lo low, that ahoy of 12 vtars oil cannot enter th^m without ftoopini;. They iiave nei- ther windows nor ciiiii'r.ics, and the roo.s are covered with reeds ir lnves. Their furniture ronfiftb of ,1 few bifkct?, to put their ncceffaries in, and they tan ciiange their habitations wh;n t'lcv pl'iCe. Ti.ole that are drell in liie hell nnnner Ijavea pi-cc of coticn cloth, or lilk, wrapt round th.ir middle ; but the ccr.im.-n '■'« li^^.c I'carce lufficient to hule their nakcdnets. Both men ar.d woiren are t( nd of brace- Ic's and nerkUces, and thtv an -int tlieir bKlics with dinkin'.; t;rea:V or oil. Their beds are only mais fpread upon hoards, and a piece of wood or ftync lerves them for a bolfter. There are a great many rettv kings wUofe riches confift in catt.e and flavcs, and they are always at war with • lach other. The iirft horfe that was ever ftien in this idand was brou:>)u over trom the E. Indies bv a Frenchman. It is h.-.rd to fay \\hat their religion is for they ha^e neither churches nor priefis. They have no rides relating to marriage : for the men and women cohabit togetherfor h-me titr.c, and then leave each other as freely again. MA D Here are a great number of locufts, croco- diles, cameleons, and other animals common to Afiita. They have corn and grapes, and I'everil forts of txrellent lioney ; aj alf'i minerals and precious (lores. The French have at.emptcd to fettle here, but have always been driven hcicc. There are only loine p.irts on the coafts yet known. The famous Avery, a pirate, formerly had his ilation in a harbour of this ifland, as well as others ; and there were live Englilh men of war feiit to .'"ub- due them. Tiiey were fo powerful once as not to be afraid of any euLinies, either by fea or land. Lat. from 11. o. to »6. oiS. • Map^m'^ ('"t'ltT HiL!., a hill in Kent. K) miles 1 1 om London, in the road to Scvcnoaks. Jt commands a very beau- tiful p.-ofpcft of Kent and Siflex. Maoeira, an ifland of the Atlantic Ocean, in the form of a triangle, 140 miles N. by E. of Tcncriff, 3^0 from Cape C'.ntin, on the coaft of Africa, and 100 N. of the illand of Ferro. It is faid to ha' >• been difcovered by an Engliihman, captain Mafliain, in the year 1344, and was coni|Ucied by the Portugiiefe, under whofe I'overniiient it ftill remains, in 1437. Tiiey let fire to the forelts, which burned for a confulerable time, and gave the (oil tliat degree of fertility which it boalts of at pri lent. Indeed, were it properly ciihivated, Madeira might be termed the Garden of the World. Tlie Itorehing heat of dimmer, and the icy chill of winter, are here equally unknown ; hut Ipring and autumn reign together, and produce flowers and fruit throuuh' ut the year. It abounds in every kind of trnpiial and European fruits ; as oranges, lemons of a prodigious fizc, bananas, ci- trons, peaches, hes, plums, and ftrawber- rics, that grow wild in the mountain* with aftonifiiing profufion; and grapes, which are as larje as our common plums, and re- m.irka'ble for their peculiar flavour. The oranges are of a languinc red : this (pe- des Is produced frt^m the common orange bud kigrafted on the pomegranate flock. Tltere is likcwife a kind oF pear found here, not bigger than a walnut, and very crifp. The lugar-cane alfo is ctiltivatctl with fucceCs, though not in any confuler- able quantity. The cedar tree is found ill great abundance : it is extremely beau- tiful : Hinft of the ceilings and furniture at Madeira are made of that wood, which yields a very fragrant Cmcll. The dragon tree is a native of this ifland. Flowers nurfed in the Englifli greenhoufes grow wild here In the fields ; the hedi;es arc moftly formed of myrtles, roles, jelTamine, anti I MA D reat number of locufts, croco. mh, and other animals eoiTimon They have corn and jirajics, forts of txrtlltnt hcnty ; as s ami precious floius. The at.tmptcil to fettle here, but i hecn driven hc.cc There me p.irts on the coafts yet I'c famous Avery, a pitatc, il his llation in n harbour of as well as others ; and there iiiililh men of war feiit to Tub- Tlicy were fo powerful once afraid of any cutmies, either ind. Lat. from u. o. to »6. m'^ OofRT Hti.i., a hill in lilts irom London, in the road s. Jt commands u very bfau« 'X of Kmt and Sifi'ex. A, an iflaiid of the Atlantic the form of a triangle, 140 ■ E. of Tcneriff, 3^0 frcni 1, on the cciiill of Africa, and It itland of Ferro. It is faid 1 difcovered by an Engliihman, (ham, in the year 1344, and led by the Portuguefe, under rniiient it ftill remains, in y- let fire to the forelis, which a confulerable time, and gave It degree of fertility which it r pnlVnt, Indeed, were it iihivattd, Madeira might be Garden of the World. Tlie tat of lummer, and the icy chill are here equally unknown ; and amumn nign together, e flowers and fruit throuuh' ut It abounds in every kind uf I European fruits ; as oranges, a prodigious fize, bananas, ci. ics, hfs, plums, and ftrawber- row wild inthe mountain* with profufion; and grapes, which are our common plume, and re- )r their peculiar flavour. The e of a languinc red : this (pe- luced frqjn the common orange ed on the pomegranate flock, ikewife a kind of pear found liggcr than a walnut, and very e lugar-cane alfo is cultivated s, though not in any confulcr- tv. The cedar tree is found undance : it is extremely beau- of the ceilings and furniture at re made of that wood, which ry fragrant fmcll. The drsgon native of this ifland. Flowers the Englifli greenhoufes grow !n the fulds ; the hedt'ts arc ned of myrtles, roles, jeii'amine, anil MAD MAD ■nd honeyfuckle, in cverlafling hi ilTom, firmidiWc from the immenllty of their while the larkfpur, the fleur-de lis, the lupin, S{c. I'nrinK up rpoiitaneouily in the meadows. There arc very few rciitile» to be fecn in the iflindi the li/ard in the moll common. Canary birds and gold- finchet are found in the mount. .ins ; of the former, numbers are fent every yar to England. But Madeira is principilly ce- lebrated for its wine, which it produces in great qucintiiies, and which keeps heft in the huttcft climate under the torrid zone. Fin" this region the inhabitants of the Weft India 1 (lands, that can afford it, dfink little elfe ; and the Madeira wine that is broUj^ht to England is thought to be worth little, unlel's it has firft been a voyage to the E. or W. 1 ndies. This ifland is well watered and peopled, and the inha- bitants are gou» concluded ; and then anfwer with tiio iiii;(t perfei't rcfpi.d and coiiipf)("ure. From ths lliip a fli.ingcr is conveyed on ilure in a b at of the t^ untry, called a ^Taffoolah boat ; a work "f curious cindiuflion, and well calculated to eludj the violent (hocks refift the rava-es of that deflruifdve in*tfl: of the (urf, that breaks here nith grcaf the white ant. Tiiefe aiiimals are ^hieliy viokncc : uicy are formed without a kce»> flat. t: n.t.vo' ilicv art- utiMlly atrin.lcJ by tAo S;£cLf....c,c..;K.inan.ybc,^. ''.1 1 _ .. iiir tain V xuli; i')" :;;;;. Sfy'^enicruic'^..;^ of M.ir... The appt,iran!-t iv "■>• "« ■ , , , iBily »■ ™ . I „ ,,„,i„„j l.,„ lUc LMft but rtP.nr^J bv.the ircatv .>t Au- tc^X Indeed, it w^U^dMctc,,- by Mr. Robin. . the veal author ot L .d Anron' Vovage ; and it is. ptvh^ js e.e of ebeftfomafcs in the p.ircllu.. of with a I the European fatlenKuts en tb » coaft has no port for 1 upp>ng ; t - -"^°^Sd:Svi"^Sr:n/t- ' r f Madras s lOO miles N. by I. of Pondkhcrrv, .030 S>. ^\- by \\ • '>' Calcutta, and 7 0S.lv of Bombay. .m. '°MAi^^"K3.^o;;;nto>vnandco,. v-^-^-^'^Vln^^^^^^'^of &°,^.aS;a?^:.s;\;l'a:..^^ tobv 31'nms cf AnKvica, as Lnrctto ,. in Europ Nnd thcv pretend that tne >m«.;e of the Virgin M^y has done a great mauy ^•K^leLnSavourV the U-afaru.. people. A D Cttftilc. It wii- f>rmcily an i'lcnnfidfr. able i,!,(c, lKlon,',in>; to lU' .vciibillv-i. ot |-„kd.. ibui ibt p..iiiv-'l ih« .ur«i>,ama lilt Kitiri to rimt.ve iiitlier. i ho Itrieii ,nd>cd ar. vcrv 'littv, cipceullv in thu niurnni ; ; but the lu-t ny. "f tne lu., f.H.ii ruultr Hum dry. It !•. v.rv p-T'ilou«. The hmitt are .11 bu'lt with bna.. .ml the (i the (ireci-, are 1 'H^, b,o,,d. .mil Hi .1, ot ; and ad.-rned, ai prop.T .lift net-, with h.mdfomc iiuiii"ln». 'Ibtri: are .> > 've 100 tov.f.s or lUiplts, m ditftrtnf |..ices, ^vhich c. luribulc gie.illy to the embt|l.llt- nantoi the city. It i> leiited in ,1 Ui;o plain, f.iirounded by high inountr.ms Duf has no W..1I, ramiL.rt, or diich. I oe royal imla e is Diiilt on .m immcnce. .it the ex- trenii-y cf thj city •, and a. it is but two thiries hijh, if docs not mike any extra- ordii. uv "appearance. A tire happ. ned in I7U. ^'-hicb almuft reduced it to alius ,ind it wii-.a lonp time in rebulldin^^ I lie fiucrt f.ULUe in M.idnd is >he I'l ic;i M ivor, 01 Mailia riace, which is lurrouiuled uilU ,0:1 houles live Hones hi^li, and of au cuu.d iiei ht. V.very Hoiy is adorned with a hand ionic balcony, and the tro.'ts arc fuupo.icd by e.lumu.,, which lonn vrry n.ic arcades Ht.e they had formerly thtir tamous bull-h.;;h>s. H-nvever, it h oh'Vrvable, ihil the very linell houle* have noplafs window,, they beii..: only lattices. Cafa-dd Ci.mpo IS a royal houle ot pka- furc, a little above half* mile from Mi- drid, with very fine gardens, plealant vval'-s, and a yieat many uncommon ani- mal. It ii> leaicd bevond the nver Mau- /aiwr«. Bvien Retiro is another royal palace Mc.ir t:ie town, and is a proper pkce to retire to in the heat ot lumnuir, tlierc b^d-ig a great number of nm-poiid', j-rottocs, tents, K^oves, and l,errnita«f.. '1-he river Manianarts, thougli l.Vial., "s adorned with tao large and mi-:;,"iliccnt bridges. Madrid is 16 5 '"'''» N. h. ot Lit- bon.Noo S.bvW. of London, 615 SS v\^ of Paris, and 7 50 W. of Rome. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 4"- ^'■■'^- , .,1- ^ MAT)mii.'NKW,acity,nowbuildnit:, or to be built, in a new Spanilh fcttlcmcnr, in Louifiana. en the Milhihppi, oppohte the month of the Ohio. 1 he lettlers arc to eniov a free toleration •" /^I'S"'"- M AURIC Ai., a town of Spun, m Old Caliile, ieated in a plain, fertile m exce - lent wine, ten miles from Med.na-oel- Campo. Lon.4. <9-W.lat. 4..^^-.N. Ua\>kic.\l, a town of S. America, in the province of Popayan. Lon. 7 5- 45- W.lat. o. 50. N. Maphooam, a larce town of AInca, capital of Monomoiapa, with a (pacious voyal pl-c. The upper ^avt .f^-l^ MAD \v:i firmt-rly nn hrnnridfr-. Kl'iiij'.ii)^ ti< III' Aiilibiili'ij) 'if I (III; piilltv III lU« III' 111 .aj^td |i ninuvt JiitlitT- 'I'hi! itrttit virv ilirty, if^Kcirtl!v in tliu It the hilt I'lyt i^' lit i liil, HI pr')i)fr (lift net-, with iiuiiiims. Tiu 'i; atL' .1 1 ive iir Itcijiks, in clifftrcnt |.l ices, liiiutc git.illy t(i tile eililieililli- e city. It IS I'lattvl in .1 l.irije iiinJed by hi){li ironinir.ins, liur I, rami)..rt, nr :id'iriu.d witli IK Ijakony, and fh« troi'ts arc l)V c 'luinuu, which I'Driii \rry idts lUie they had formtrlv' loiii bull-h;;hts. IJinvtver, it ij c, thai the very finell hoiiCcs have windows, they heimr only httires. C'.iinj)!) IS a inyal houlc of plea- ttle above half ■ mile from M 1- ith very fine g.irdens, pleafaiit nd a meat niany luKoinniun ai\i- t is leauil hevnnd the tiver M.ui- B'.ieii Retiro is another mvil e.ir t:ie town, and is a prii()Lr retire to in the heat of Cunuin.r, ing a great luimher of lidi-pond-, , leiits, {proves, and licrmitaijtt. XV Manianarts, thoiij^h f.v.all, is with two large and in;> ;;nilictnt Madrid is i6 5 miles N. K. of Lii- ) S. bv W. of London, fti s S. S \V. I, and 750 \V. of Rome. Lon. j. lat. 40. le.. N. DUiii.NfcW, a city, now buildiiuT, built, in a new Spanilh fcttler.unt, fiana, ca the MilFiilippi, oppolite ith of the Ohio. Ttu: lettlcrs arc a free toleration in relii;iiin. iRIGAl,, a town of Spiin, in Old feaied in a plain, fertile in exccU nc, ten miles from Medina- dcl- Lon. 4. 19. W. lat. 41. Hi;. N. iRiCAL, a town of S. America, in ivince of Popayan. Lon. 75. 45. o. 50. N. jiioc.AM, a large town of Africa, of Monomotipa, with a (paciou* jlacc. The upiier {jaic of the hbufa ^' ^T A f! ~ " h.iufi'1 is in ilie (hapc cf t bell. I.'n. 1 1 . 4.1. ," lit. iS.o. S. MviitKA, • f.isvn of the pe^infuli of lliii to. li;i'i, capit il ir.., mi ilie coalt of C mrindil, ij>iiii!es Nf. of (,'ape Co. onn, and ;oo S. \V. o!' Madras. I.jn. :s. u. E U. *..»<. N. M\y I. in, a In lUiiful like of Sweden, liiiuted b (vvcin tlir pr.'VUK'^ of Well- mania and S.iile'iinni.i. It cmtaiils Icvc- rai iiiv i(!,ind>. i'. urtiilly Ir.i/e.i duriii}; a lew weeks in wiritir, and oju ?is an ealy tuinmunicili in, by llrdv.f., I.Mwecn the iiiieri r part' ol S vtdeii and the city tnl p'lrt of St..cl-.li..'m. ' M.\Kl,i.r;; 'M, :t verv 1 x^-aor linary and ilanijeroiis Aiirlpjil, wiiiih lus oil ihL vvilt of Norway, in '<^' N. lit. in the province of Nordl and and. ditlri'l of I, i- f'idi ii.ne ir lb', illand if Mn-ikoi.-,, whence it is iiHu ni;ii';d M(m,kin Mr. Jonas R\iii'.is : " 'I'lit iiiouni.iin of H^l- li L'ljen, in Lof. d-.n, lies :i le4i;iie from the ill iiid of V'.r. Hiil l)ei.vi),t ihtit two, riim tint lar(;e and dre.id.'iil liie.iin e.illcd MjI'. Xoeftiom, fiu:u the Illand of Mufkoc, wliitii IS III the mid. lie of it, ti>„'etti(r w rli IcM.!..! circ.iii.j 1*1.1.1 lilts, aj Ambaaitn, half u t^uuier of .1 le '^uc iwitii^aid, M- iVn, H.>,.1ii'mi. ICi.! Ih'.hn, Saaiven.anil Hucklulm. All Ikoe lin m.iou iidf a {] I arid" of a iui;e b. of tlia I'l.ind of Vir, ;ind beiive-n tliein the'.e Ihull illinds, Ottirh il.'i, I'liiiie", S m li!i- \.n. an ! Soich- liol II. lietween L n'od.P iid Miilk"e, t:e tlip'.h of the water is betwc'n i?i and 4^ f.ahoivir; ; ijiit, on llie oilier lidtf, toward V'er, lie depth ilccrerdi s fo as not tnaffoid acoiuenl;.nt pnHai/e foravi fTei, •■■ itli'Ut the r!(k of Ipliitni;^ on the cck-., whici h.ip- P'.iis ev..iiiii the ciltr.ip •vcaihcr, V\'hen it is tlood, the llream ru.s up the cf.'untrv b;.'tvrcn Lofoden and .M.ik le '•■■ith a toil'- terous :,;pidity ; but the r..ar of i'.s impe- tuous clib 10 ' he fea is fcircc equilleJ by the loudtd a.ul moll dreuiful eitarai'ls ; the noilc l-iiiv.; I'.eard Isveral leagues etf, and lb'.' voiti(.cs or pits are of fiich an extent and depth, that if a fliip comes within i*s T*trirtii.n, it ii> inevit. bly abf :rb- cd and carried down tn the bottom, and there bi^' to pieces ai-ainll the rocks ; and when the w.icr relaxes, iIk: fracm^nis thereof are thr.i.vn up .ij.',aiii. Hut thtfe intervals of tr inijuillirv ar.- only at the turn of the ebb and tl'iod, and cahii weatiitr ; and la'.t bur a quarter cf a luur, iis vi >. JeiKC g'aduallv returning. When the ilicam la muii buiiuruu;,, and ici> fury htl 'hfcnfti by » florm, it is ilinr»rrniii ffi ci'i'it will. in H Norw.iy ml't of it ; lioii--, IhijH, ind yathf^ has 111^5 been cirrttj .usiiv, bv not j'uirdinjt a,iiin(l 11 befora liny wiic wiihin lit nacii. It likiwiie lirpi'iiis frci)U(ntIy, tli.it whiles tmiie too ni ir ili« ,ftri',,in, .md .ire ovirpowind by in VI. Icncui and iIkii it is im;'"llii.|c tii de'cril/e Ihfir bmvliiiijs ind bell.nv iiiijii in their fruitlcis ftjuji|;lis to direni."';e iluiii- Ultj. A bi ar once atie rjstinij to iwun frcin f .ofo len i.> Mr,(k.ic, with a di l^x" of I'ri. lll^' upon the (hiep.it pilhirc in the 111 Old, ad.jrJed the like Cpc'.taclc lo tliu !'■ pic I liie drrim ciii'ht hi'n, .ind h.ire blind. v;i. ul..'i he naied terribly, Co i« M be lie;(id on llioie. L,.ir;;e ftocki of lir« and pine trees, a''ter be in); ab'.brlHd by the' (u-T.nt, rile again, br..ken and torn ti luth a dii;ree as if briftles jjrew on flieip. Tliispliinly Ihews the bT.iom to conllit of cia.,j;v riicks, amon,^ whicii ihey are vvhlrled t.> and fro. This ftrea 11 11 ri'viliied by the liix an.l reiKix of the Iw I ; it beinii; conlhnrlv hijrh and loW water e"-ry fix hiurt. In the ve.ir 1705, eirly in the .■■ irniiit! ..f Se\ai;eiiiiia Sim- div, it r,«)i,ad wu:. Inch noiCeand impetii- olirv, that on the illind of Mofkce, the very Ifones of the lioulea fell to the ^'■'d\l^A." MaL'.r or MF.t'sr, a large river, which riles ill I'"r.iiice, near the vill.ii^c tif Miu'c, in the li-e pr-vince of Chani- !'■ (,nc. It w:iteri Verdan, Sttnav, Sedan, Honrhirrv, Mizieies, an-l Clii.rk vil'e ; and tntcni'j the Ne!l;tri;!iids at Oivet, it ll.As 13 Ch.irlemo.it, Uhiant, Nainur, IIuv. I.ir^'-. Maeliiicht, I'.iireltK nd, V'eti- 1 1, Gmc, Uitttninii-jj, and V'onrn, where It is j-iiiM d In the Wa 1. A: Dort, it re- ceives ihi Miwe; and it enters the (German (IriMii !v lever d channels, on which arc feated RoUerdai:;, the Uriel, and llelvoetfliivs. i\T \isi. \,\ isi.iv:, a town of tiie United I'luvincis, in lioll-nd, live mi!;s S. W. (,f IX lit. Lon. 4. iS. E. U. 51. 57. N. MakstrI'.'Ii 1-, an anclerr, !arj;w-, nnd ftro'ii; town of the ^'e^llcrlands. The townli.>ul'e and other puldic buildings are Iniidlomc, and tiie plue is about four mi!(s in circunferentc. It is {iovcrncd juiuily Ivy ti u Dutch and tlie bilhon of Litj^e ; but has a Duieii i^arrifon. The inhnbitanf aiv noted for makini,' excellent hreariTis. H.tli I'apills and Protelbnt* |J arc allowed the fne excrcife of their n li- ^ion, and the in iril'r.'tes ;;rc cnmp ifi d if Ifth It is ftaicd on the liver Maett. wi.xii lep,i.-aie4 it froui-Wyc^, and with whicn <*»■ BK IITIWIWW MAG w '>hich it c'^mmunicatcs by a handfome ridge. This city revolted from Spain in 1570. It was retaken by the prince of Par- main « 579. In 1632, Frtdt ricilenry prince of Orange reduced it, atter a memorHble liege, and it was conlirincd to the Dutch by the treaty of Miinftcr in 164S. Lewis XIV. toiik it in 1673; Williand III. Prince of Ornngc, invdlcd it in viin, in 1676; but, in 1678, it was rcftored to the Dutch, by the treaty of Nitnegucn. In 1748, it "'as hefieged bv liie French, who were permitted to take poffedion of it, for the glory of his moft Chriflian majefty's arms, on condition of its being rcftored at the peace then negotiating. Mae- ftricht is 11; tniles N. of Liege, and 55 E. of Bruffels. Lon. 5. 41. E. lat. 50. 51. N. Mafsyck, n ronfidcrable town in the billiopric of Liege, on the river Maefe, eight miles S. W. of Ruremond Magadoxo, the .apital of a kingdom of the fame name, in Africa, on the coaft of Ajan ; feated near the mouth of a river of the fame name. It is defended by a citadel, and ha? a good harbour. Tile inhabitants are Maiiometans. Lon. 44. o. E. lat. I. 30. N. Magdm-ENe's Cavk, a cave of Ger- many, in Carinthia, ten miks E. of Gortz. It appears like a chafm in a reck, and at the entrance torches are lighted to ondudt travellers. It is divided ii.to fevcrai apart- ments, with a vail number of pillars formed by nature, which give it a beautiful ap- pearance, they' bei'-v white as fnow, and almoft tranfpari The bottom is of the fame fubftancc, infoiiiuch that a per- fon may fancy hir»felf to be walking among the ruins of an enchanted caftle, furroundcd bv magnificent pillars, fome entire, and othcis broken. Magdeburg, a large ancient, hand. fome, and trading town of Germany, ca- pital of a duchy of the fame name. Here js a handfome palace, a fine arfenal, and a mas^nificent cathedral, which contains i>e fup"erb maufoleum of Otho the Great. Here are manufactories of cotton, and linen goods, ftockinjjs, gloves, and tobacco; but the principal are thole of woollen and filk. It is happily lituaicd for trade, having an eify communication with Hamburg by the Elbe, and lying on the load between Upper and Lower Germany. It is alfo th-' ftrongcft pLice belonging 10 his PrulV fi.in mnjci'y, where his priniip:il m;, and of Snbina ; Ceatcd on a moiintam, : river Tiber, 30 miks S. W of Spoleuo, M A H Spoletto, and 30 N. of Rome. Lon. 12. 2$. E. lat. 42. 15. N. Magmavacca, p. fitiall t-^wn ofltaly, in the Fcrrarefe, with a fort, i'eated at the mouth of th« lake of Cnmachio, in the gulf of Venice, 18 miicb N. of Ravenna. Lon. la. 4. E. lat. 44. 52, N. Magnesia, a town of Afia, in Natolia Proper, with a bifhoi)'s fee ; fcatcd ( n thi; 5iarabat, 22 miles above the city of Smyr- na. It was formerly the feat of the Ot- toman empire ; is liill large, populous, and rich; and ftands on an eminence, which is commanded bv another, on which a ci- tadel is built. Lon. 27. 25. E. lat. 38. 50. N. Mauny, a town of Fiance, in the tlcpartment of Seine and Oife and late pro- vince (' the lile of France, 32 miles N. VV. of Paris. Lon. i. 54. E. lat. 49. 10. N. Magra, a river of Italy, which rifes in the Appcnnine mountains, in the valley of Magra, where it wafhcs Pont-Rcmoli, jiaflTes on to Sarzana, in the territory of Genoa, and falls a little after into the Me- diterranean. Magra, the "Valley of, in Italy, and in the grand duchy of Tuicany. It is about 27 miles in length and 15 in breadth. Macuelon'e, a lake of France, in the department of Herault and late pro- vince of Langucdcc, near a town of the lame name, which is fcatcd on the coaft of the Mediterranean, into which the lake difcharges itfelf by a canal that is the beginning of the famous canal of Languc- doc. Mahaleu, a handfome and confider- able town of Egypt-, capital of Garbia. It carries on a confiderable trade in linen, cottons, and fal-ammoniac ; and the inha- bitants have ovens here to hatch chickens, as in other parts of this tonitry. Lon. 30. 31. E. lat. 31. 30. N. ^' MaHANUDDY, orMAHANADY, a river of Hindooftan, which rifes in the N. \V. part of Berar, and falls by Icveral mouths into the bay of Bengal, at Cat- tack. Thefe mouths form an iiflTemblage of low woody iflands, like the Ganges, and many other rivers. At the mouth of the principal channel, near Falfe Point, is a forritied ifland, named CajungorCodjung. * Mahrattas, the name of two powerful ftates of I ndia, which derive their mrjie from Marhat, an ancient province of the Dcccan. They are called the Pooiiah,oi Weftern Mahrattas; and the Berar, or EaPern. Colleftively, they occupy all the fouthern part of Hindooftan Proper, with a lar^e proportion cf the M A I Deccan. Malwa, Oriflfa, Candcifi, and Vifiapour ; the principal parts of Uwrrir, Guzerat, and Agimere ; and a (rnall of Dowlatabad, Ai;ra, and Allaiiui are compiiled within their cxtcnfive tlfl pire, which extends from fca to fta, acrol's the widcft part of the peLinfuIi ; and from the confines of Agra northward to the rivtr Kilina fouthward ; forming ft traft of about loco inilcs long and 7C0 broad. The welttri. Hate, the capii.d cf vvliich is P- oiiah, is divided among a num- ber of chiefs, or printer, whole oljcditnct to the pailhwah, or head, like that of the German princes to tJie eirperor, is merely nominal at any time ; and, in Ibme cafes, an oppofition of interefts begets wars, not only hetwcen the members of the empire therp.felves, but alio between the members and the head. Nagpour is the capital of the Eatlern Mahrattas. Both thefe ftates, with the Nizam of the Deccan, were in alliance with the Englith Eaft India Com- pany, in the late war againft Tippoo Sul- tan, the regent of Myfore, from whofe ter- ritories, on the termination of the war, they gained lome confiderable acquifitions. Their armies are principally conipofed of light horfe. Maidenhead, a town of Berkfliire, with a market on Wednefday. It is feated on the river Thames, on the great weftern road, it miles E. by N. of Read- ing, and 16 W. by N. of London. Lon, o. 40. W. lat. 51. 32. N. Maidstone, a borough of Kent, with a market on Thurfday. It is feated on the river Medway, a branch of which runs through the town, and is a large, popu- lous, and agreeable place, where the alli • zcs are held for the county. By means of the Medway, it enjoys a brifk trade ill exporting the commodities of the county, particularly its hops, of which there are numerous plantations around it. Here are likewife forae capital paper mills, and i» manufaftory of linen thread. It is 20 miles W. of Canterbury, and 31; S. E. by E. of Loudon. Lon. 0. 3S. E. lat. 51. i6. N. Maillezais, a town of France, in the department of Vendee and late pro- vince of Poitou, feated in a morafs, in an ifland fornnedbythe rivers Seuie and Au- tize, 22 miles N. E. of Rochelle, and 210 S. W. of Paris. Lon, 0. 40. W. lat. 46. 27. N, Mainta, a country of Turkey in Eu- rope, in the Morea, lying between two fhiins of mountains which advance into t'tie fea. The inhabitants could never yet be fubdiied by the Turks, on account of ilicir valour and their mountains. Their D 4 grcatcit :W 'l\i I M A I M A J greatefl traffic r onfifts in flaves, which per and thelieath. The mountain, abound tluv take iiuliffcrentlv from the Turks with various kinds of game. L,otty clitls, and the Chriaians. Tiiey hnvf a harbour impending over the ocean, are t ic and a town of the lame name, and their haunts of eagles, falcons, and ravens, i l.c l.ntni.Ke IS bad Creek. deep csveras underneath iheher teah i'l\iN. a province of N. America, and otters ; and to the winding bays le- \vhn.i> btloo"'. to the O.nie rf Mali ichu fetb. Jt is 5C0 niilei lout; and 104 broad, lyin;^ lu'twctn O.i" and 72" VV. Ion. and 4;' and 4()'' N. lat. and bounded on the N. VV. by the hifili lands, which Ceparate the rivers that I'.il! into the river St. Law- rence from thofc that fall into the Atlan- tic Ocean ; on the li. I)v tlie river St. Cioix, and a hue drawn due N. from its lource to the faul hij;h lands, which di- vides :his tcrniory from Nnva Scotia , on the S. E. by the Atlantic Ocean ; niid on the W. bv New Hampfhirc. J t is divided int.i three counties, and Portland is the capital. The heat in lummer is intcnle, and the cold in winter equaliy extreme: all fort the fwans, gccfe, fcarfs, and other a<|uatic birds. The fe?.. abound with tiih, fuch as the cod, turbot, and haddock ; but, particularly, at certain Ceafons, witii Ihonk of herrings of incredible extent ; and they are vilited, at the fame time, by whales, aiul other voracious fi(hes_. Lob- fieij, oyftcrs, inurdcs, &c. are alio plcnti- fill. The lulls are covered with (heep of a fmall breed, and of a fliaggy appearance ; but their fleece is commonly very fofi, and often extremely fine. From their ^v.K)l. llockings of fuch a tine texture have bcti. made, th«, although of a large lue, a pair was capable of palfing through a common gold ring. Their horles are of die frefli-water lakes, "ponds, and rivers a diminutive fize, but remarkably ftrong are ulually paffable on ict, from Chnftmas and handfome, and are well known bv tilUthc middle of March. The climate is tb.e name of Sheltics, from the name 01 very healthful ; many of the inhabitants the country. Many rivulets and conli- liviL go years. derable l..ke« abound with lalmon, trout, Maine, a river of Germany, which ike. A mine of copper, and another ot iron, rifes in the R. fide of the circle of Franco- have latelv been opened near the !>. extre- nia, and running weft ward, palTes through the bilhopric of Baiiibtrg into the electo- rate of Mentz, and falls into the Rhine at Mcntz. J t runs by Bamberg, \Vurt7- hurg, Al'chaflenburjj, Hanau, and Franc- fort. » Maine, or Mayf.nne, a depart- ment of France, w'h.ch includes the late province of the fame name. It takes its name from ihe river Maine, which, Ibou after its jundlion with the Sartc, falls into the Loire. Laval is the capital. * Maink and Loike, a department mity of this iflanu. They are in the handset the Anglcfey company, and are faid to be extremely produftive. There is an in- exhauftible llore of peat, but no coal. Ler- wick is tiie capital. Maintenon, a town of France, in the department of Fure and Loire and late province of Beaucc It is ("eatcd in a val- ley, between two mountains, and on the river F.ure, with a caftle, a late collegiate church, and a late priory. It gave a title to the famous madame deMaintenon, mil- treis of Lewis XIV. It is five miles MAINE AND i^oiK K, a acparimeni: iieis "i «-.«.<»■- ^».. • ■ -- ■ , ^ of France, which includes the late pro- from Chartres. Lon. 1. 36- -C" 'a^- ^s- %inceof Anion. It is fo called from the 31. N. two rivers of the fame name. Angers is Mainungen, a town of Germany, m the ca-vtal. the circle of Franconia, capital of a imail Mainland, Okkney, or Pomona, diurift belonging to the houfe of Saxe- the principal of the Orkney Iflands, 24 Ciotha ; eiglu miles N. of^Henncbcrg. miles long and nine broad. The general appearance of tlic cjiintr- not very dif- ferent from the ALiinland of Shetland. The foil, however, is more fertile, and in fome pans better cultivated. Kirkwall is the caphal. See Okcahes. * Mainland, the principal of the Lon. to. 39. E. lat. 50. 4*- N. Majorca, an iftandfubjedt totheking of Spain, and fituated in the Mediter- ranean Sea, between Ivica and MinorcH, about 80 miles S. of the Spanifli coaft. It is about 60 miles in length, and 4' '" breadth ; is a mountainous country, bnt Shetland incs, <>o miles lliiuT. from N. to produces good corn, .;hve-trec8, and deli- S Its breadth, which varies greatlv^ IVI- cate wine. It has no rtvcrs, though there ' -" •' - The face of the are a irreat many hne fou. .ains and wei. . doni exceeds fix milis, country exhibit* a prolptdt of Hack crag- jt;y nn uiuains, and nurlhy pLiin'^, intir- fperfcd with 1 mie vordaiu Vpots, which ap- pear fiiiooih ariii fertile. Neither tree nor ihru.i h to ue Icen, ixcipt the juiii- The inhabitants are rnbul>, lively, ami very good tailors. The capital city is ot the fame name. Majorca, a la-jjc, rich, and Orins citv. capital of llu Jllaud of the lame '^ naint., MA J d heath. The mountaiiM abound kinds of game. Lofty dirt's, over the ocean, are tiic gles, falcons, and ravens. The rns underneath ftielter feals and ro the winding bays re- wans, gccfe, fcarfs, and other rds. The fe?., abound with the cod, turbot, and haddocic ; ularly, at certain ieafons, witii crriiii^ of incredible extent; ire vilitcd, at the fame time, by other voracioui Bflies. Lob- rs, mufcles, &c. are alfo plcnti- hilis arc covered with (heep of cd, and of a fliaggy appearance ; tkece is commonly very fofi, extremely fine. From their kings of fuch a tine tcxrure have c, th-it, alth^>ugh of a large fn.e, IS capable of palfing through a gold ring. Tlicir horfes arc li rive fue, but lemarkably ftrong; Ifome, and are well known bv of Sheltics, from the name of try. Many rivulets and confi- ikei5 abound with falnion, trout, ne of copper, and another of iron, V been opened near th<; S. extre- lis iflanu. They are in thf handset cfcy company, and are faid to be Iv produftive. There is an in- le ilore nf peat, but no coal. Ler- 'he capital. iTENON, a town of France, in .rtmentof Eure and Loire and late of Bcaucc. It is fcaicd in a val- ivcen two mountains, and on the ire, with a caftle, a late collegiate and a late priory. It gave a title mous madanie de Maimenon, mif- Lcwis XIV. It is five miles lartres. Lon. i. 36. £. lat. 4S. «UNGF.N, a town of Germany, in e of Franconia, capital of a Inuli belonging to the houfe of Saxe- eight miles N. of Henneber^. I. 39. £. lat. ;o. 4«. N. ORC A, an ifland fubjedt to the kins; n, and fituated ia the Mediter- Sea, between Ivica and Minurci, 3 miles S. of the Spanilb coaft. It : 60 miles in length, and 4', in ; IS a mountainous country, b'lt s good ctirn, ulivt -trees, and (ft.il- ic. It has no rivers, though there tat r.i.iny fine fou. .ains a:id well . hal::tant» are rcbuft, lively, ami id lallort. The capital city is of the me. OHCA, a h<-^e, rich, and ftron;; pital of iIk JiLuid of the fame nallli) M A L M A L Hi name, with a bifhop's fee. The ptiblic manjoftan is a deliciout fiuir, in the (hape fquares, the cathedral, and the royal pa- of an apple, whofc fkm is thick and red. lace, are magniricent. There are ab;>ut The ramboftan is of the fitt of a walnut, 6000 houfes,' which are built afier the in- with a very agreeable pulp ; and the du- tique manner; and there is a univcriiiy, riin, though it has not a pleafani fmcll, more ancient than ccu'lirated. It has 11 has a vtiv deliiihtful talle. They have churches bcfide the cathedral, and the bar- plenty of cncoa-nuts, and their Hiclls hour is extremely gotul. A captain-gene- will hold an Englilh quart ; belide lemons ral refides here, w'.io c 1. mands the whole orangi?, bmcs, (ugar-canes, and mangoes, illand ; and there is a g.;rt 'on kept to de- Tliere is tjut little ciirii, and (heep and fend it againll the i^^■llrflnn^ of the Moors. It was taken by the Eni^lilh in i^oft, and retaken in 17 u. It is feated on she S. W. fid* of the ifland. Lou. 2. 15. E. lat. 39. 30. N. M AIRK, LF.,a ftrnit of S. America, ly- ing between Statcn Ifland and Tierra del Fuego, in lit. i;;.S. Ships fometimri; fai bullocks arc fcarce ; but pork, poultry and fiili.aic pretty plentiful. The reli- gion of the ii.itivc!, is a mixture of M.iho- metanilni ; and they are addifted to jug- gling. The inland inhabitants are a favage, barbarous people, wh 1 take great delighc in d"ipg miichief to their neighbours. The Dutch have a faflory in the town of througli this tlrait in their palTa^e to Caye Malacca, which they took from the Por- Horn. tuijutfe in if>40. Maixa.vt, St. an ancient town of Malaga, an ancient, rich, and ftrong Franco, in the depart mcnt of thi; Two town of Spain, in Granada, with two Sevres and late province of Poitnu. It ciftles, a billiop's fee, and a good harbour, had 1 itelv a Rencdiftine abbev, and is one which renders it a tr;iding place. It is of the new bifhoprics created Imce the re- frequented by the Englilh aid Dtitch, volution of I -St. It carries on a trade in who bring their velTcIs here to load them corn, Itocklngs and v.'oo!l..n Hull's; and is feated on the river Sevre, ifS miles S. VV. of Poitiers, and 2 1 1; S. W. of Paris, Lon. O. 7. W. lat. 46. 14. N. Makkav. See Mackf.uan. Malabar, the name of a long traft of V. ith fruits and wine. 1: is feated in the Mediterranean, at the foot of a craggy mounrain, 15 miles S. of Cordova, and 235 S. of Madrid. Lon. 4. 3^. W. lat. 35. 3-. N. Malamotco, a fmall ifland and fea- coimtry on the weflern coaft of the penwi- port town in the Laguncs of Venice, five fula cf Hindooftan, Ivinu between 9° and mi'ts S. of that city. 14° N. lat. Jt is divided among feveral Malathiah, an anc:ent town of petty princes and Rates ; but as thefe Turkey in Afia, capital of the Lefl"er are mentioned in their proper places, Armenia, feated on the river Arzu, with they need not be enumerated lure ; efpe- an archbilhop's fee. Lon. 43. 25. li. lat. cially as the cuRoms and manners of 39. 8, N. the inhabitants are verv different, as well Mai.chiv, a town of Germany, in as the produftions. However, it may be the circle of Lower Saxony and duchy of obferved, in general, that the inhabitants Mecklenburg, feated on the river Ptene, arc all hluck, or, at leaft, of a dark olive where it falls into the lake Camrow, to complexion, with long black hair, and to- miles N.of VVahrcn. Lon. 13. 12. E. lat. lerable features. In fomc places, tliey are 53. o. N. dillinguillied into tribes, all of which arc Mai.df.v, an ancient borough of ElTex. brougtit up to the fame employments as with a market on Satur''av. It is go- their parents. Thefe are the Gc'.roos, vcrned by two bailirFs, eight aldermen, a ' of whom fee an account under the article of 18 common -council ; and has two paiilh IIiNOOOSTAN. churches ; a third church, which it had MAf.ACCA, a large pcninfula in ACin, formerly, having been long converted in'o containing a kingdom of the fame nr. iie ; a freel'chool. It is (aid tohavebcen th : fi.aC bounded by Siam -n the N. bv the oceaii f.n of fon e of the old Britifh kings ; and was the E. and by the ftrai-~ of Malacca which the firft Roman rolonv in Britain. It feparatn it f hu Suma ra, on the S. W. was burnt by the Britilh quceii B ladicca, being about 600 miles in length and loo but rebuilt by the Romans, it is featei in breadth. It products few commf.'ditics on an eminence, near the confluenre of for trade, except tin and elephants' teeth ; the Chdiner with the Blackwater. Vcf- but there are a great many exctlknt ftuits fcls of a moderate burden come op to the and wots, which yield gonl refrifbrnent bridge ov^t the Chelmer, called Full- fur ftrangers that touch here. The pine- Bridge j but large (hips are ob!i,;ed to ■ppic is the beft iu the world ; and the unload at a con'ider.ible diftancc below, in D d 1 ,b^ mstmmmtmt J IP*^ M A L the arm of the lea called Blackwaicr Hiy or Maiden Water. MilJcn carries on a c(;nlKlt:«al)lc trade, rhitrty in corn, coal, iron, wine, brandy, and rum. It is lo miles li. of Chelmsford, and 37 N. E. of of liOnJon. Lon. o. 41. E. lat. 51. 46. N. ''' iVlALPEhf, a village in Surry, about two miles S. v.. of Kingfton. Here arc lome KunpDwdc-r mills, on the ftrcam that flows trojTi Ewel to Kingfton. MAi,i)ivKb, a cliiftcr of fmall iflands S. W. of Ceylon in the E. Indiei. The rortherninoft, called, by the Kr '.h, The Head of thi; Jllands, is iivLn-, 13. 4. E. lat 7. 5. N. and when oppofii;; to it on the N. Mr. Topping cmintcd 32 iflands, the farthcft bearing S. E. Iv E. They are all low, fandy, and barren, hav- ing only a few cocoa-nuts. Their clmf trade is in couries, a fmall flielliilJi, \vh!;fe fliells fcrve intlcad of money. They h:ive a king in one of the iflands ; and the inhabitants arc partly Mahomet- ans and partly Pagans, MAi.tsiiuiir, a town of FranCw-, in tl'.c dcpirtaieiit uf Morbihan and late pro- vince of Urttar;ne, ftated on the river Ouil, 37 mile; E. of !' jrt I'Oiient. Lon. 2. ^3. W.lat. 47.4;- N- .JM A!. ICO 1. 1.0, one of the largeft nf the Hebrides, in the I'ic;;ic Ocean, lying in 16. 15. S. h:. and 167. 45. E. lu;i. It is about twenty le-iguts lung from N. to S. Its inlind mouiitniiis are very high, and clad with foiells. The foil is a rich and fertile mould. Its vegetable productions are luxuriant, and in great variety ; cocia- iiuts, bread-fruit, bananas, ('uj;ar- canes, vams, eddoes, tunrteric, and oranges, ilous and common poultry are their do- meftic animals. The inhabitants appear to be of a race totally dilUnifl: from tnole of the Friendly and Suciety I fluids. Their form, luiguage, and manners, are widely dt*'ercnt. They leem to corre- Ipond in many particulars with the natives of New Guinea and Papua, particularly in their black colour and woolly hair. -They are of a flender make, have lively, but very irregular us^ly features, and tie a rope I'o fclk round th-ir btliy, that it would be fatal to a pcrfon unaccuflumcd from his infancy to fuch a ligature. Thi-y ufe bows and arrows as their principal armour, and their arrows are faidio be vn of Spim, in Eftiaiiadura. The duke of Berwick re- tired to this place in 1706, after the Al- lies had taken Alcantara. It is i4iTiiktS. of Place ntia. Lon. 5. 30 W. lat. 39. 36. N. Malpas, a town of Chtdiire with a marktt on Monday ; feated on a liigh eminence, not far from the river Dee. It is a handromc place, containing three iireets, an hol'pitai, and a erammar-fchool. It is 15 miles S. £. of Cliefter, and 166 N. W. of London. Lon. a. 45. W. lat. 53. : N. iVlA£^PLA(ruET, a village of Hainault, fainons for a moody battle gained over the French, by the duke of Marlborough, in 1709, and fometimet called the Battle of Blaregnies, from an adjacent village. It is about feven miles S. by. E. of ?/loni. Malta, an illand of the Mediterra- nean, between Africa a:id Sicily, 20 mdes in length, and ii in breadth. It was for- merly reckoned a part of Africa, but now l)elongs to Europe. It was anciently Httlc elfc than a barren rock ; but fuch cjudnti- tics of foil have been brought fioni Siiilv that it is now become a fertile idaiid. However, they fow but little corn, becaufe they can purchafe it cheap in Sicily ; but they cultivate large i]uanti-.ie8 of lenioa- trtts, cotton trees, and vines, which produce excellent wine. The heat is fo cxceHivc, bclh day and night, that the water breeds gieit uunibers of gnats, which are the plague of tlie country. The number >• f the iiihabitanib is (aid to tie about 90,000. The common people fpcak Arabic, but the better fort Italian. After the taking ot Rhodes, the emperor Ciiarles V. gave this id.ind to the grand niafter of the or- der of St, John of Jeru!Li!;'iii, aud it is ex- tremely well ftirtifitd. It was attacked in 15(16 by tlie Tuiks, who >vere ohlij^ed to abandon the entcrprilc, with the lofs of 30.000 men. The kniii,iits of Malta for- merly coitfifted of uijjiit naiioqs : but now they are but ftven, becaufe the Enjilifli have forfrfkcn then't They arc obliged to fuppre!') all .pirates, and arc at perpe- . tiial war with die Turks and other Ma- hometans. They are all jinder a vovy of celibacy and chaflity ; aiul yet thcym^kc-- no fctuple of Hiking Grecian womeiv for Biiflreflts. Malta is about 60 miles S. of Si- MAN cily. ^'aletta is the capital. Lon. 14.1?. Li 3;. S4- N. ■ Malta, M' I I rA, ir Ciita Vec- C'lFA, an iincicni ai-.d Itrcmgly foriinid ci- ty of ilie ill.uul ot Mdlu. It !-> feated on a hill in tlie centre ot the ifi.tr.d, a view uf the whole of which itcom'i ands. It h li.e rtiidtiice of the billiop, and was formerly twice asl.irge as atprtfent. TSic cathcdial is a very hue Itniflure ; ami near this city are the catacombs, which are faid toe,\iend 15 miks under ground ; and a finail cliurch, dedicated to St. Paul, adjoining to wliich is a fiatueofthe fiint witha viper in his hand, fuppofed to be placed on the very (pot where he (hook the viper olT, wirhout hav- ing been hurt ; and clofc to it is the ceh- biated grotto in which he was imprilioj.cd. Mali on, a borouijh intiw N. riding of Yorkfliire, with two in.irkcts, on Tuefday and Saturday. It is feated rn the river Dtrwent, over which is a ftori bridj;e, and ib compofed of two town', the N'.-w and the Old, each containing three church ts. It is well inhabited, and i^ -o miles N. E. of York, and 216 N.bv W. of London. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 54. 9. N. Malvasia, a (liioU lilmd of Tvrkey in Europe, lying on the ealkrn coall of the Morea, and remarkable fur its excel- lent wines. The capital is feated on the ftalide, at thi loui of a cock, on the top of whiLJi IS a ftrong fort. The rich win..-, calkd Malmfev, is brought hence. I: is the ice of a Urt.ek aitlibiilicp, and i>. 50 mdes S. E. ot Mifitra, and 75 S. (f Alliens. Lon. 23 12. I", l.it. 36. 117. N. St-e Nai'oli m Malvasia. iNl AL\ LKN-llii.Ls, hills in the S.W. cf Worceftirihire, whitii may be feen at a ^reat dillance. In thile hills. ii> a fpring, of uiicoiiinion [iiiity, much rd'orted le in Icroph'ilous and Icorb itic cafes. M\lwa, a pronnce of Mindooflan Proper, bounded on the W. by Guzerat, en tbc N. by Aninieru, on the E. by Al- Inhabad and OiUla, and on ihe S. by Can- dtifli. It is one id the nioft cxtenfive, elcvntcd, and I'.igliiy diverfilitd trails in lliiulijuflan, and i^ dn idt;d among tiie paifliwah of the WeP.ern Mahrattas, iind two (.f tilt inrtrl"r cliii f's, the late Sindi* Madifjee and Holkar. Oiigein is the capital of Sindia, and Indole of Holkar. Mamars, an antient tovn of France, in the departmtnt of Sarte and late pro- vince vf Maine. li*is leattd on the liver Dive, 14 miles W. of Belkfmc. Man, an illand in the Irilh Sea, nlxut 30 miles in length, and eight in breadth. Jtcontains 17 parilhes;and the chief towns are Ruthen, Dout'Jas, and Peel. The foil is good, and produces more corn than ij Ddj fufficifnl MMO&tKtwautwjaaauiv MAN fuflicJent' to maintain the natives. The bir lb 1 I iltliv, and the inliabit.mrs live to a vety "l,i Kgc, iind arc a mixture of Eng- li(h, S.u s, .t'la IridK Tiicy li.cvc a billiop, callet! the biQiop of'Sodnr nnd Man ; but he Ills no Teat in tb.c Britiil. parli.iincnt. The commodities J this ifland are wool, hides, and tnll -w. It is \i miles S. of Scotland, 30 N. if Anglefey in Walcb, 35 W. of the cna!^ of Cumbttland, and 40 E. cf the coaft of Ireland. Manach! A, an ancient, and c»nf\der- ahle town of Tu key in Afia, in Na" lia, with a caftie, liaiidfome b^izars, mo'.qucs, and hofpiials. It wa. known to the an M A NT Tlicfe conHft of a great variety of cotton and mixed goods, fitted for all iijrts of markets, both at home and abroad, fprtad- ing over a great part of Europe, America, and the coaft of Guinea, and bringing hark vaft profits to this country. The manufai'.tures of tapes and Dthcr Imall wares, tf filk goods, and of hats, are aUo carried on at ^MaiicheOer ; from which various fources of wealth it has attained greater optilencc than almoft any of the trading towns in England. Its buildings, el'perially the more inoi.lern ones, arc on a i, proportional fcale of fue and elegance. - Its fhief ornaments arc the college, the bT the name of Maunefia, cind is market-place, the exchange, and the col- eicnts ^ „ fcated in .\ fertile country, at the fiiot of a mountain. Lon. n. 40. E. lar. 3*^ 45. N. M^NAK, an ifland of Afia, iniiieEaft Indi s, on the t:-itUrn coaft of the ifland of Ceylon. The Portiiguel'e got poflVliion of it in 156^ ; but the Dutch took it from thtm in i6tS. Lon. 80. 45. E. lat. 9. o. N. ^ * Ma NAT AU LIN, an ifiand of N. America^ on the N. fide 0' LAe Huron. It is 100 miles in length, and no more than eight broad. If n:ime fignifics " a place of fpirit-" ; and it is confidercd as lacrcd by the Indian an additional church, begun in Q^ Anne's reign, and liiiiihed in 17'. 3. By iegiatc church; which laft has a fmall ciioir, of excellent workmanfliip. It has Q. Anne's Jy the river Inveil. over which it has an ancient and lofiv (lone bridge, it has a communication with the Merley, and all the late variou'; cxtenfions of inland n.ivigation. It is 67 miles W. S. W. of Y..rk. and 182 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. So. W. h'-. 53- 30. N. MaNderschfit, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and in the cletforatc of Triers, capital of Mancksi KR, a vilhgc in Warwick- a county of the lame name, between the Aire, imciently a Roman ftation on the diocefc of Triers and the duchy of Juliers. Wntlirj; rtrc'.f, "heie feveral brafs and It is, 24 miles N. of Triers. Lon. 6. 50. E. filver coins have iieeii ug up It lies near lat. ^o. 10. N. . Atherftone and the river Anker. TvIasdria, a final! defert ifland, in Mancii , a territory of Spain, in the the Archipelago, iurrounded by rocks, province of New Caftik. lying between between Samos and Langos. It gives the river Guadiana and Aiidalufia It is a mountainous country ; and it was here nam-j to the fea near it. a „iou..u.n,.,u=, c.uu.,; , a..o „ ...... ....^ Manfrf.poma, atown of the king- the famous Don (Quixote was f.ippo.'eJ to dom of Naples, with a caftie. a good har- pcrform his chief exploits. hour, and an archbilhop's fee. It was ** Manche, or the department of the burnt by the Turks in 1620 ; and is feated Channelj a dtpartmer: of France, incluH- on a gulf of the lame name^^, 50 rniles N. of ing part of the late province of Normandy. Coutances is the capital. Mancip stkr, a Ij.rirc. populous, and iiOur''hing iov\n of Lancalliire, wiih a markc "n Saturdav. It is Itattd bet •• een Cirenxa, and 100 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 16. 12. E. lat. 41. 3s- N. Mavgalore, a fcaport of the king- dom of Canara, on the coaft of Malabar, and in the pcniiil'ula of HinJooftan. It the rivers Irk and Irwcll, and is a plate of has an excellent road for Ihips to anchor great antiquity. It hafs been long noted for various branches of the linen, (ilk and cotton manufactures, and i^ now prmci- pally confpicuous as tlie centre of 'he cot- ton trade, an iinmenfe hufmcrs, ex- tending in r^me or other of i's operations, from the hun-lred of Furred (where cnat cotton Ipirininn-iT.jlU liave been eft.ih!ini- cd) t" Derby ^. and S. and from Hali- fax t 1 Livcrp:-'ol E. and V*' . The labours of a very populous neighiiourhocd are C(;!- lefted at Mancheftcr. whence they arc Jpnt to Lonjon, Livcrjwol, Mull, ike. ill while the rainv fcafon lafts ; is feated on a rifing ground; and is inhabited by Gcnt'os and Mahometans. The former are of a tawny c. mplcxion, with long bl,ick hair, and j|,B H .^ W.' - ll lH,WIUJ 1 ^ MAN t of a great variety of cotton onds, fitted for all forts of I at home and abroad, fprtad- cat part of Europe, America, ft of Guinea, and bringing ofits to this country. Tlie i of tapes and sthcr fmall k goods, and of hats, are aUo It MaiicheOer ; from which ces of wtaith it has attained encc than almoft any of the IS in England. Its buildings, e more ino.krn ones, arc on a fcalc of fuc and elcgsncc. naments arc the college, the c, the txchanj;e, and the col- ch i uliich laft has a fmall rellent workmanfliip. It has ilcluirch, l)C(?,un in Q^ Anne's liiiiihed in 17"'. 3. By the river r which it has an ancient and iridgt, it has a communication lerfey, and all the late variou'? of inland n.ivigatii)n. It is 67 5. W. of York, and iSi N. N. don. Lon. z. So. W. h'-. 53- uscHFiT, ? town of Gev- he circle of the Lower Rhine, eleeforate of Triers, capital of f the fan.e name, between the friers and the duchy of Juliets. es N. of Triers. Lon. 6. 50. E. ■N. n which the mad devo- w thc:iifi!vcs and are cruflied to rhcy cxpofe their cnmin?.ls qui,tc , the fand', where they die a molt ! niilerajlc ■' M A N ' miferable nnd limbering death. It is the grcateft place for trade of any in the king- dom ; and the Portuguefe liave a faf.tory here for rice, and a pretty large church frequented by bl tck converts. The fulds near thi;, place bear tuo crops of corn in a year ; and the higher groun^is produce pepper, betel-nuts, fand d woi.d, imn, and fteel. The houfes are meanly built along the fides of the river ; and it lias fi:arce any defence againft an . nemy. Lon. 7 4.44.K-l'f- •^•5°-^; „ t» 'fl Manokea, an (land m the S. Pacific Oce in, vifncd by captain Cook in the be- ginning of his l^ll voyage. The coaft is guarded by a reef of coial recks, againft wi.ich a heavy furf is continually brea.^ing. This ifland is about five leagues in circum- ference, and though of a moderate- and pretty equal height, may be Icen in clear weather at the diliance of ten leagues In the interior parts it rifes into fmall hills, whence there is an aiy defcent to the Ihcie. They have neither hoj^s nor dogs; hut they h'.v^ plamains, taiM, and bread-fruit. Caiv to Cook renn-fents this as a very tine illand ; but the hoftile ap- pearance of its inu ii)Rants obliged hiui to leave i' without making any ilay. Lon. 15S. if). VV. Ir.t. II. 27. S. *' MANGtsHLAK, a town of Tiir- comauii, on the E. coaft of the Cnfpian Sea. Its commerce is confiderable ; the neighbouring Tarf^rs bringing hither tiic production-, of their own country, and even of Kocharia, fuch as cotton, yarn, and f\utfs, furs and (kins, and roubar!). It is 37 miles S. W. of Aftracan. Lon. 48. 19. E. lit. 44. 45. N. Manhaktzbf.rc, the northern part of Lower Auftria, in Germany, feparated from the fouthcrn by the river Danube, and bounded on the W. by U ppcr Auftria, on the N. by Bohemia and Moravia, and on the E. by Hungary. MaNHKIM, one of the mod beautiful cities of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine. The ft.ee.s are all as ftraight as a line, and interfect each other at right angles. Ti e inhabitants are computed at a4,ooo, including the garrifon, which con- fifts of ^000. The town has three noble gates, adorned with baiTo-relievos, very beautifully executed. The fortiticati.^ns are good i and the townacquires great ad- ditional ftrength from being aliiioil en- tirely furroundcd by the Neckar and the Rhine, and fituated in a fiat, not com- manded by any rifiiig ground. The pa- iaccof the elcaor palatine is a magnificent ftrufture ; and the cabinet of natural cu- riofities, and the colleftion of pictures, are miicli vaunted. Manhcim is fix miles N'. E. of Spire, and ic W. of Heideibeig. Lon. S. 3 1. E. lat. 4.). 26, N. MAS'ltL, a mountain oi' the ifland of flifpaniola, 20 miles m circuiiifcrei>Le,and f(i liigU and cr.iggy, that it is alnioli iiwc- telii\ile. Mamma. SbcLucokia. Manmngtukk, a towu'if EfTex, wiih a maikci .n Tuefday, feated n the rivtr Stour, which h here callct. Maiiningtree- water. h is 11 miles W. of Harwich, and fio E. N. l^.of London. Lon. i. 12 E. lat. $2. o. N. Manosq^'e, a populous town of France, in the department of the Lower Alps and late province of Provence, wicK a caftle ; featect on theiiiti Du anco, 10 miles S. of Foicalquitr, and ^nr Ij. by, E. of I'aris. Lon. c. 55. E. lat. .(?. 51. N. Ma^J'Esa, an ancient town of Spain, in Catalonia, feattd on the confluence of the riv.jr'. Caidoiiero and Ljbbregar, 20 nille- N. W. of Barcelona, and 15 S. E. of Cardona. Lon. i. i;6. E. lat. 41. 36. N. Mans, Le, a rich, large, atid ancient town of France, the capi'al and ejiifciipal fee of the department of iViaine. It was formerly very populous ; but the inhabit- ants now fcarctly amount to 14,000. It has txcellcat p -ultry, known at I'aris by ti\e name of pullets of Maui ; and its wax and ftarts are very famous. It is Icated on I high hi!l, at the foot of which runs the Sartp, and nrar the confluence of that river with the Huil'ne. It is 10 miles S. of Alcnqon, and 75 W. by N. of Orleanb. Lon. o. 14. ]L. lat. 41. 58. N. ■ Massakoak, a large lake of Afia, in Thibet, from which the louthcrninoft head of the Ganges is fuppofed toillue. It is 1 1 5 miles in circumference, an in cir- The French fettled here in )iiilc a totvD ; but they were from it by the Portuguefe, wlleirtd it ever fincc. It is ron;;, and has a cattle, a har- billiop's Ice. The climate is le and wholefoine, and there nioft thing!. Lun. 54. 55. W. ), a town of Italy, in the ter- cnice and province of Friiili, ig ciiadt-l ; (caied in a inarih, r» It difHculc of ucccfs, aud at of the yiiU of Venice. L'ln. t. 46. o. N. H, a town of Afia, in Natolia, the river IJuphrates, iz milts liyah. It IS a populous placf, by the Mioumains of Taurus aurus, and by ilie Euphrates, . E. lat. 38. 15. N. {ON, a village of Livadi.i, :ity ; famous tor a vii^iory ob- Iiltiadcs, with 10,000 Atheni- 0,000 Perfians, who loft above n. CABO, a lake, or an arm o( Terra Firm?, lying m about 1. and 10'' N. (at. It opens trribbcan Sea, and is well de- ftrong forts, which, however, ler fir Henry Morgan, a buc nn entering it, and plundering ii(h towns feated on the coaf), eated a f4uadron fent out tu 3H, a town of Germany, in ' Suabia, and duchy of Wir- eated on the river Ncckar. It jy the French in 1693 ; is i» Hailbron, and 13 N. of Stut- . 9. 15. E. lat. 48. 59. N. LLA, a town of Spain, in An- ted at the inouth of the Rio miles N. E of Gibraltar, and of Malaga. Lon. 5. 55. W. N. , a fmail ifland in the gulf of ut five miles from Ragui'a, on ipends. It had formerly a bi- but the town is now in ruins. LLiN, St, a handfome town in the department of Ifere and c of Dauphiny, It is agreeably Jtatc4 > -^ MA R'""^ 1'iBttd nn the river Hire, nf the font of a hiili in a country that prudufci excellent wine. It is live miles Irom St. Anioinc, rind 15J S. liy E. of I'aris, Lon. 5. 32, E. Ut. 4v 14. N. Mamcellino, a fmall river ofSicilv, in the Val di-Noto, which falls into the lea, two miles from Au^ulta. Marchb, k late province of France, bounded nn the N. bv Berry ; on the E. by Auvcij/nt ; on the W. by Angoumnis ; and on the S. by Limofin. It is about :,e, miles in Itni'.tli, and j^ ii bnaiith, and IS pretty fertile in corn and wiiu'. It now forms the depai'mcnt of Crtule- MARCHt, La, a town of France, in the dtpartmtni of the ViTu'es ..nd l-itc province of Lorrain. It is 10 miles S. (jf Neufchatcau, and 40 S. by W. of Toul. Lon. 1;. 50. E. lat. 48. 6. N. Mauchi n a, a liHiKlfome, antknt, and ConlidirHble town of Spain, in Andaluiia, with a luburb as large as the town ; fentcd in the iniddle of a plain, particularly fertile in olives, thooeh dry for want of water. Jt is 18 iniics W. of Seville. Lon. 5. 44. W. lat. 37. 34. N. M ARfHiKNNhs, a town of the Auf- trian Netherlands, in the biftiopric of Liege, Itiittd on both fides of the river Sainbre, four miles \V. of Charltroy, and 11 S. W. of Namur. Lon. 4. 21. E. lat. i;o 20. N. Marcthif.n'nks, a village of France, in the deparinitnt of the North and late province of French Flanders, with a late abhey, ftatcd in a morals, nn the river bc.iipe, between Doiiay and St. Amiind. Al ARCHPi'RG, a town of Germany, in tl e circle of Aullria and duchy of Stiria, with a flrong calile, (tnted on the river prave, 18 miles W. of Pettaw, and 21; S. W. of 'Jratz. Lon. 15. 9, E. lat. 46. 44 N. MARCfGLFANO, a town of the king- dom of Naples, feven milts E. «f the (Hty ( the gulf of St. Mkhael, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. The Spaniards come here every year in the dry feadm, whieh con- tinues three months, tn gather the gold iuti out of the fands of the rei)jhbuuring flreains, and carry away great iiuantitieii. Lon. 7S, i:. VV. h\. 7-4^ N. Maiua. Si. one of the Azores, or "Wefuiu lllancis. It produce; plenty of vht:-it, and I..1S kbxut i^ooo inhihitants. Makia, Sr. a hundluine and conlider- abte town ot Sp:iin, in Aiidaliili 1. with a fniall cafllc. It was t?i'tn by the Eng- lilh and Dutch in 1701 ; and is featcd on the Guadeltta, at tlie inouth 01 wliich !« a tower, and a battery, iS miki N. ol Ca- diz. Lon. 6. 6. VV. lat. 3ft. 39. N. MARit - AUX - MiNts, a town of France, in the department of the Volgcs and Lite province of Lorrain, divided in two by the river Leber. It ii famous for its lilvcr mines, and is 15 miles N. W. of Hew Brifach. Lon. 7- i^-liA-n. 48. 16.N. MARIENBl-'Rii, a hanclfome town of Germ.mv, io the circle of Upper Saxony, and ill Mil'nia, remarkable for its rich lil- ver niine>. It belongs to the elcttor of Saxony, and is featcd among the moun- tainb, on the confines of Bohemia, iS miles from Drvfdeu. Lon. 13. s- ^- 'at- 5°- 49. N. Marienburg, an ancient and ftrong town of Weftern rrulfia, capital of » pala- tinate of the lame name, with a caftle ; fc»ted on a branch of the river ViftuI i. 30 inilcs S. W.of Elbing, and 30 S. E. of Dantzic. Lon. 19. 15- L-'at. <;4. 9. N._ aVlARiF.NBt'Rc;, a town of France, in the department ofthe North and Ire pro- vince of French Hainault, f(;rmerly a flrong place, byt difmintled by the Frcncli, after it was ceded to them by tlie treaty 01 the Pyrtnecs. It is to miles S. W. oi Charlemont, and 7 S. E. of Phi- lipville. Lon. 4. 28. E. lat. co. 1. N. Mauiknstadt, a town of Sweden, in Vv'. Gothl;ind, (catcd en the Lake Wen- ner, 35 miles S. E. of Carlftadr, and 162 S. W. of Stockholm, Lon. 14. z;. E. lat. 58. 28. N. Marienvverdfr, a town of Eaftem friii'ia, with a cilile, and a magnilictnt ciiuuh ; fiated ^n the river Viftula. Lon. ,5. 15.E. lat. 53.4i.N. MAR Mamat ai.antk, an iflind of the Well Indies, fubjcft to the French. Jt extends iihout 16 miles from N. to S. and four Irom E. to W. It is full of hills, and al)ng the E. Ihoic are lofty perpen- dicular rocks, that flielter vaft numbers of tropical birds. It has fcve'al large ca- verns, with many little 11 reams, and ponds of frclh water. It is covered with trees ; and particularly aboum'.s wiih toljacco and the wild cinnamon-tree. It is 30 miles N. of Dominica, and 40 E.of Guadaloupc. Lon. (>i. II. W. lat. 15. -2.N. Mauionano, a town of Italy, in the duiliy of Milan, remaikal)le for the dif.at of the Swil's near this place by tiie Ireneh in i;i5. It is feu.d on the river Lini- bro, 10 miles S. E. of Milan. RIai'INO. St. a ilrong town « '' Italy, capii .; of a In. all republic, furroutuli.l by the duciiy of Urbmo, under the pt .iMion I) the pope, with tliiec ladh^. It is fe.ited on a mountain, 10 m Its S VV. of Rijni I, and 14 N. W.of Utbino. Lon. 12. 33. E. lat. 43. i;.|. N. Makino, Sr. -i town of Itab' in the Campagna di Ri.ma, with a handibnie c.iitie, 10 n.iiti. ''■,. of Rome. Lon. 12. 46. E.lat. 41. <;4. N. Markk.i Jkw. Sec Mkk a/ion. Marlboro I' OH, a borough i,f Wilts, with a market on Saturday. It had a cattle, and once a parliament was held here ; has often differed by Tire, and been handlbmely rebuilt. It contains two pariflies.and about 500 houfes, with broad and paved ftrects, and is governed by a mayor, &c. It is leated on the livcr Ken-_ net', 43 miles E. of Brillol, and 74 VV. ot London. Lon. i. 26. VV. lat. 51. zS. N. Marlbouovch, Fort, an Enelifli factory in Afia, on the W. coaft of the ifland of Sumatra, three miles E. of Ben- coolen, and 3C0 N. VV. of Batavia. Lon. lOi. 9. E. Ut. 3. 49. N. Mari-OW, a borough of Buckmgham- fliire, with a market on Saturday, leated on the river Thames, over which is a bridge into Berklhire. It is nuiilesS. of Aileftiury, and 31 W. of London. Lon. o. 45- W-l'"-5'- ^^N- . Marli, a late royal palace in France, between Verfailles and St. Germain ; feated in a valley, near a village and foreft of the fame name. It was noted for ts tine gardens and waterworks, there being a curious machine on the river Seme, which not only fupnlied thei n with water, but all'o thofe of Verfaiiles. It is 10 miles N. VV. of Paris. Lon. 2. 11. E. lat. 4^. 52. N. Marmandf, ? town of France, in the MAR AI.ANTK, an iflmd of the (ubjLft to lilt French. Jt i^) miles from N. to S. and i. to W. It is full of hills, E. Ihorc are lofty perptn- tlut (hcltcr v.ift numbers uf K. It has fcvcal lar^c ca- ni;iny little lircams, and pmds r. It is covtTfd with trcts ; ally nbouni'.s wiih toljacco and ii.irnon-trtc. It is 30 miles ici, and 40 v.. nf (iuadaloupc. W. lat. M. j.N. A NO, a town of Italy, in the rtn, rtmaik:il)lc for tilt dtfiat near this place by tiic irLnth is ftiiid on the river Ltm- :b S. E. of Milan. 3. Si. u ilrunjj town r !' Italy, In, all republic, fiirroiintlu.l by f Lrbino, under the pr nVlion ic, with tiiiec (aHlo. It is mountain, 10 m les S VV. of 14 N. VV.of Utbino. Lon. li. 43. <;4. N. J, Sr. 3 town of Italy in the (li Ri'iiia, with a handfonie i> ''.. of Rome. Lon. iz. [J. ^4.N. 1 Jkw. Sec Mfkazion. fiROL'CH, a borough i;f Wilts, rkct on Saturday. It had a once a parliament was held often fufTcrcd by fire, and [imcly rebuilt. It contains two d about 500 houfct, with broad iHccts, and is governed by a , It is feated on the livcr Ken- Ci E.of Brillol, and 74 VV. of on. 1. 26. VV. lat. 51. 2S. N. nuoL'CH, Fort, an Enelifli Afu, on the W. coaft of tho jmatra, three miles E. of Ben- 3CO N. VV. of Batavia. Lon. Ut. 3. 49. N. w, a borough of Buckingham- a market on Siturday, feated •tr Thames, over which is a Berkliiirc. It is i7iviilesS. ry, and 31 W. of London, , W. Iat.51. 3?.N. , a late royal palace in France, /■crfailles and St. Germain ; valley, near a village and foreft e name. It was noted for ts s and waterworks, there being machine on the river Seine, only fupplied tliera with water, ife of Verfaiiles. It is 10 miles Paris. Lon. 1. 1 1. E. lat. 41}. INDF., 3 town of France, •'» the MAR the dcpartmf nt of Lot and Oamnne, and btc province of CJuienne. It carries nn :i great irade in corn, wine, and brandy ; and i« (eatcd on the rivt r Garonne, 40 miles S. F.. of Rourdeaux, and jzo S. by W. of Paris. Lon. o. 15. h'.. l;.t. 44. 20. N. Marmora, the name of four idands in Afii, in the fea of ihe fame name. The largeft is about 30 miles in circum- fcrence, ,uid they all produce corn, wine, and fruits. Mau.mora, a fea between h^uiopc and Afia, which communitates with the Ar- chipelaj;o, by the Dardanelles on the S. VV. and with the Black Sea, by the (trait oi ConOantinople on the N. E. It is 120 miles in length, and ^o in breadili, and was anciently called the Pmpontis. ' Marne, a department of France, including; part of the l.ifc province of Champaj^ne. It takes its name from a river which riles near Langrcs, and How- ing N. VV. joins the Seine, a little above Paris. Rheiina is the archiepifcopal fee ; but Chalons, at prelent, is the capital of the department. ' Marnf, Ufpk.r, a department of France, which includes part of the late province of Champagne. Chauniont is the capital. Maknuui.i., a village in Dorfetfliire, on the Stour, five miles S. VV. of Shafif- bury. The church is an ancient lofty building; the ceiling tinelv carved, but now much decayed. The tower fell down in J 7 10, in time of divine fervice, but is now handfimcly rebuilt. There are feveral ancient infcriptions in the church. M\RO, a fmall town of Italy, on the cnaft cf Genoa, in a vallev of the fame naine ; eight miles N, VV.of Oneglia, and 48 VV. S. W. of Genoa. Lon. 7. 41. E. lat. 44. 1^. N. Maro^na, a town of Turkey in Eii- mpe, in Romania, with a Greek arch- bilhop's fee ; feated near the Mediterra- nean, 70 milts S. VV. of Adrianopic, and I ?o S. W. of Conftantinople. Lon. 25. 41. E. lat. 40. cq. N. Marotif.k, a town of France, in tlie department of Lower Rhine and late pro- vince of Alface, with a late Benedi'tiiie abbey ; 18 miles N. W. of Srrafburic. L'n. 7. «3.E. !a:. 4S. 38. N. Marpuro, a ftrong and confulcrable town nf Germany, in the landgravate of HelTe CalTcl, uiih a univeniiy, a caftlc, a palace, a haiid!'omc fquarc. and a magni- ficent townhoufe. It is feated on ihc river I.rihn, 15 mile; S. of V\';'.ldeck, and 4T. S. W. of Caffel. Lon. 9. o. K. lat, 5?. 35- N- - MAR Mari'uk<;. See M \Kr»rt!ito. M AK'j^i'KsAs, a gr'Uip of ilUnds in the Si)U h Sei, of whic'i ilie moft ronii- derablc are, St. Clinltiii i-la-Dommi. and St, I'cdio. Captain d ok lay fi.iue time at the llrll of tliele, in his fecoud voyage to trie South Sea. If is fituar.-l in q. n;. S. lat. ami ijg. 4. VV. Ion. The iia. tises are a weil-madi-, hindf iiii people, . vernment, like that of the Srxiety Iflands, monarchical. But they arc not quite fo cleanly as the inhabitants of the Society Ifles, who, in th,? Baiijrv, and in the kin^- dom of Tiimr.Mi, witli one of the bil\ harhonr. in Atiit.i It >■ is taVcn hy itie gpaniaids in 1 7 5 J. i nm! is It ii.tl .n a rutk, » ar » biy ot tin. (ta, time iii'lc. from Or.tn. Kon. c. 10. W. Ut. 3f.. ". N. Marsmiifs, aftro..(^aiul iVuiriniii^!^ feajx.n of Fiai.cc, in iIk .Ilp riiitnt .it the Moiitlii iT tlie Rhone and laic pM- ▼inceot Provence. It was lately an epif- CopjUtc ; wl lilt inhahitints art comput- ed to be 90.000. It vv to c«lf brand in the time of trij R'ni in», that Cictro ftyltd it the Athtn* of the Gauls, and Tlmy called It the Mutrcls of Educati.n. It is featcd on the M>;ducrranta:i, ?i tlie tipper end of a K'llf, toveicd and defindcil by many fi"-^ll ill 'nds ; aad it is f.anly on the dcchsity of a hill, and partly in a plain. It i. divided int 1 thv OH 'i own, or the City, and ihe Ni:vv To.vn.The tirll appiai'S like aT amphithcitrc to tht- vcffLls VfhK'ii enter the port ; Imt the linilei. are meaa, and the Hrec's duty, narrow, and •eep. In this part is the principal ehunh, built bv the Cths, on the ruins of the temple of D.ana. This church tn- joyi a privileyt cfntirrmd bv diffeicnt Dfipts ; ninitly, tli.'.t it (liould be f-r ever Munp; fiv)m an interdi.'^, il'.ough the hoiy fathei lljould.h"''' !'■>' ihundcrs af,a»r.!\ tht w!ir,!i c;r;h ; a privdej-j, however, of which the pitftiu vice of Frtnch.Tr n do not fttm diCpoicd to vaunt. Tite New Town is, in every ret'p.'l. a pcrfti^.t con- traft to the City, with whuh it has a communication bv lUi- of the liaeft Preets imaginable. On the beauty of tins ftrctt. and ot' the other ftrcets and fcjuttrcs, as w(.ll as of the public buildings in general, we have not room to expatiate. VVith refpe^t alfoto thccomini-rcc (f Marfeilles, we muft ije content to i.bferve, that it has bcea called Europe in Miniature, on ac- M A R rmint of the variety of drefTn and l.in<»ii». };c». 'Ilii. port is ii b.ifin of .m o^al Knni, ?4t)c> feet lonR. bv q*o in iti wideli patt, wrh i>i or 10 feet depth ot water, it i» defended by aut.ulcl and l>y K 'it 8t. John, b)ih built hyLcwuXlV. in i6''0. In the environs of Mirltillt, are nrar . In ifi4';. th--- pU^ue ii^;i.d with great vi )lenc« in Marlci ics, and witti liill |;rtattr in 1710, when it c.iiried oft' ro.cc'-' of the inhabitants. 'Mil memory ot tlui preat calimity is pre- lerve.l by two pii*.liiies, painted by Serre, ill tlic ballot the town houl'e. In one of them ate the portraits ot lM.de Iklfunce (■"M:irrcillis'j^o:.d bilhop," iinmirt.iliud by I'opc), ot'the canon B'iur|^trer, tlie iiia^iHrate Muuftier, and tli-.- coiiniand mt Langeron, wliole intitpid and indtfatig- able luimani'y, diirini; this dieadful vilita- tion, dul the m 'It I'un.d Innour to them- lilvc. mJiohuiiian nan.rc. In i7qt,Mar. fcillcsitvohed iiMiiill tli' Kien' h National Convention, Out vvh, very l'y Irac Ageini i and on the K. by Altrabad. Ferabad is the capital. M.AKSiii II 10, a town of Gl mceftcr- th'rc, with a market on Tueiday. It t» leateil on the Cotfw.ild Hd.s, 12 miles E. ofhfidol. and 101 VV. of London. L'Jn. i. i^.W.lai. --,1. 30. N. M \Rsiio Ni'ovri, a fmall, rich, anij hii.>'.l. 1..- t.iwn ot tl.t kinj.;d.)Ui o: N ip:cs, with a 111 (h Ill's lee. It li I'e ited at the font of the Ajipcnnints, near the river A/ri, lix mills irom Mirfico \ ecchio, .and -j S. E. of Nip'.t-s. L;.n. 15. 41- ^- ''''• 40. 2^. N. M.r. STRAND, a fmall rocky idand ot S .vtden, in tht Catenate, Jyini; N. VV. of the inoutn of the river Gotha. On ac. coxin: of itr. ftretigth, it is cal'.cd the Gi- braltar ot Swedi;n ; and havin.; b'.cn de- clared a frt!e port diiriiii t,>e IMt war, it wai remarkable as bcin.i t'lu: place ot re- fort for the American v.irels. Tlic ill_'nd i> about uv» miles ii cifcum-erence. 1 oe to.vn, v.-hi.'.i Ii -s on the talicrn fide, c.ni- fains aijout tico inhibiLa!!:*-. 'I He h^r- b.)iir is very (tcure and coinmodioin, but of difficult entrance. Since the peace of J7 are iir:ir ^^oo j'xcj of iliL ciu/.iiii, which iilis. In i'i4<;i '''- pl«Ki'* i( If VI ilcnc? in M irlci leSt fjrtater in 1710, whtn it fo.ceo of tWf inhubiiint-i. ol tliiH rrea' c.il irniiy in pre- ) p'l'tiiies, pviiiu<.d t>ilhnp," iiiiin>rt.ili/id t the cm. in B')urj;cret, the iiliicr, indlli'.- cni.iiiiand int hole inttt|ii(l and iiidtf.ifig- ', diirinj; ihi-. ditidfiil vilita- III -It l'i;n.il hin-iiir t.> tliem- iiiiun ii.iM.rc. In i7()i,M,ir- 1 iiMiiift thi Krcnch N;iiiiin:il but WH', very \'r,n rcdiicid. V S. ol Aix, 1 3. N. W. of f^'i i> i)V K. of I'arii. . lit. 45. 18.N DKK »N, aproviiKc ' f Perfia, the N. by the Calpian Sea; i tvhildn i on thr S. ny Irac I on the K. Iiy Altrabad. \c capital. IF 1.0, :i town of Gl)iic«ftcr- a market on 'I'uciday. It it : Cotlwild H i,',, 1 1 milts E. nd 1 01 VV.or London. I.on. . ^i. 30. N. > Ni'ovo, a fmall, rieh, inij ,vn ut the kini,'doiii o; N ipics, >[i's I've, it i<> I'c ited itt tlie Ajjpcniiints, ncnv the river Ls ii'om Mirfico \ tccliio, .ind Saplcs. L;jn. 15. 4-). K. lnr. AND, a Onall rockv ifljnd of he Catcj/ite, lyint;N. VV. of • the rivtr Goiha. On ac- ftrcngth, tt is cal cd ihc Gi- vcdcn ; and havin,; b'.cii He- port (hiriig t.ie lilt \«.ar, it hie as bein.i tlit: place ol rc- Vnitri^an v.irels. Tin; ifliiwl mili« IT tirc'jm'erence. Ti.e 1 li.'s (III the (.atitrn fide, cm- 1200 inhibitanrv. 'I'lii- hrti"- fccute and coin:Tio<^i')Ui, but ntrMr.cc. Since the peace of ide of this place has declined ; hitaiits now fubl'ift cliitfly by tilhcry ; by the nun.ber of in bid wcatlicr take refuere in ; sind bv a cnrraband trade, f ' it M A R MAR If It »j iT.ilei N W. (jf Q'.thtbviri;. fit», So niik» S. of Uoftun. Tii Lon II. p. K. I.lt. 57. %i), N. hituntt apply thiiiiKlvcK clliclly to 1 hctr MaK'IA, a I' vvn if Iiuty, in the lillitrif., m which they have gitat Imxtf.. piiriiiionv of St. I'lrvr, unit in ihii itii- Luii. 7^;. 11. W. l.it, 41. ib. N. ctiy (if CiiDroi Icaied on a Ukv ol the ^L\ k ruiui-s, u lici^iuri of Frjnrr, ia imc, called alio Billena, i< ini!i» rliu dipariiiient of ihi; M.hiiIu 01 the lame N. of K< inv. 1 »6. N. on. u. K. Lt. 4». Rl lonc iiiul provir Kdied luar a lake, u 1 if 1' luvcncc ; •II th Mai'.tahaM, a province of Af,M, in lii'.id, which u uvtniy iiiiii. ItliC'inhiler >ve c S. ^lart o' I' .{11 Ivin^ Mil tiic 'ibic ihio u Wat li.rniiily, but \^li< icnce jjillf of lUnwal. 'l^he loll 1, fertile in Uny '■ .f very hnt- lilli and excellent ftill rxe. fr:.ii!>. and wiiKs of all kiiui<. 'I'hc Mani^iui it xd irnj., N. VV. of Mar- CHpiul tivvn is ol tile rainu nunc, iinil Icillcr, I. 1. K at. 41. ii; N. ,1 ricli ti«oiiiiJ plict Lifoic lliipt M A i( I !.>;, C AIM , a pioiiioni>>ry of Va- were liint at the inir.uire of liie harbour I'.ncii, in Spain, near i lown railed I)i nia. to choke u up, which It has done etlli'lu- li Ujaiaie; the j,ulf of Valencia ItoiD M Ml I IN, Si. a rinill hut flrong town of Kraiui., in the llh, of Rhe, with a har- li'.ur and lin.n^ liladtl, lonitied after the Mianmrof Vauban. 'I'lic iflaid li, t near the c.juI of I'oitou, 15 miLk VV. of Ro- clitlk. Lon. I. 17. VV. lat. 46. 10. U. Makiin, Sr. one of the Leeward Ca. ribbcan lllands, in tlie Wed Indies, lying ally. Tlu' u'hiiltf counuvi iiioicoser, in now lul'je^t to the kit,,; of Huriii.ih, who, in 1-54. luhdlied the !■ iny.dniu .if I'i>,u, and rciii!e>eii it a di:|icndint privince. The town of Martainn is So mde- tt. of that of I'ejJU. Lon. 96. 5ft. ii, lat. K. to. N. MAK'ni., 7k town of Fiance, in flir: depnrrnicnt ol Lot and late pidvince of Querci ; felted near the nvtr i)ordnj;nr, to the N. VV. 1 f St. Uanlioloiiieiv, .lod to iH miles I'., of Saflat. Lon. 1. 44. K. the S VV. of Anmollj ft it .^^ uiilca lat. 44. f ••. N. in circumference, has neither liurUur nor Maui HA, Si. a province of S. Ame- river, but fcvetal fait; it.. It In, been rica, on the ceart of 'f erra Firma, Itoiinded lunij j^inrly pi.HuTtd bv the I'ltm'.i and on tlu; N. by the Ailaiilit Oeean, on ilie JJiucn ; hut fince the roiiunencejiient of K. bv kio-dt'-h-I!aclif, oiiihe S. bv New the pi.C-nt war, the furniei have Lci u Ciranada, and on the VV. hy Cartlia^iri. driven (lit ol the ill iiid ly the Liter. Lon. it IS J o miles in linijth, and zoo ui 6l- c. W. lai. iS. 4. N. brcai'ili ; is a ninuntaiin us countrv, and the land very hii'h. Here the fimoiu rid;;e of mountains hi I'in, called the An- dek, which run the w: ole length of S. Aintrica, from N. to S. It is extreiiulv liacottit, but witii'n, cild in of the itioii!,:aiiVi. it ab.ur.ds Martincc .oiieof rheVViiulua. 'Ca- ribbean iflands in the W, liulif, about 4a miles in len;:tli, and i'q n circiiiiiferenre. Tiic French pudeired it h ,ivi if, jr. till 1762. v.iien it was laki 11 by the Enk;tifh ; but it «as rtHoied to il,t French by the peace of ly^j. 'Ihere arc nunv high hot on ' »cri unt wirli frui s pio|HT to the tiJinate, aiiii ihcie I'.ountains cjvcrcil w^tli trees, as uti! as arc mint* of >;' Id ;ind precious Itonc, and liveral riviri and icriilc vallics, but thcf lalt-wi.rks. 'i'hc .SpLniards poU'e's but will m^t bear titlicr u in at or vines ; how- »ne nart of tbis pro.incc, in which thcv ever, the former is not much wanted, for have bu;.t Martua, the capital. 'J'lic air thole t!i it arc born iiere pre-'tr calfava to about the town is wli. Ufome, and it es whea; biead. It prulucis lugar, cotton, fcated near the (ei, having a harbour 'ur- I'in^er, indij^o, chiA:' lue, aloe-, pimento, rounded bv hi, h mountains. It was tor- plantains, and other troftital Iniit^; is ex« merly very confideral le, wiicn the .-.p.oi/li tremely (;^p'j!oiis j nnd tlie governor- gene- f^a'.leovs v.eie fcut tl.ither, but is now ral or' ilic- I'renrh Cwribbce Iflands refidcs coD.c allTioft 10 notiiing. Lon. 74. o. \/. hire, it ha* Icvcal I'ale and conur.cjious lat. II. »7. M. l,:irbours, well fi rilfml. The pr'.ntipal M Ain ii.A, Sr. or S'KRRA Nkvada, i l.cei are F-.rt Roy.d, Fori St. Pcier, a very hi,' n m-untain. Ill New .Sj-ain, fad I'ort Trinity, and I'ort-du-Mouil ge. to be ICO miles in circnmiecentc at the Thwc arc lliil loijic of the aiiriciif iiil abit- bottoiii, and live hi(.'h, ai.d tlu' ii;e top is always covered wuh (now in lIic liot- tcft Weather. It is J70 miles , nt from St. Domingo. Lun. 7j. SS- \^'. la'. 8. o. ' MariHa's V'ivevard, an ifland of N. America, near the cou.l of MailUchu.. ants remaining. Fort Ri ;. al i;. in lon. Oi, 16. VV. and lat. 14. 44. N. MArTi.'.sisKut;, .i Bjnct'iiSir.c .ibbcy, the moll coiiliderable in idl Hunj/ary. It ftunds upon a very hijjh iiiil, an^ i> built like a c.ftic, lurrounded by a large heath, i.n which there were fonr.eily vd- 'Ijge^ MAR MAS laees and churches. It was taken by the the grand mafter ordered three forts to be Turks in ii;<)4, who cimid not keep it built, two at the entrance of the gulF, and above two ytHt'i. It is in the palatinate of one on the point of land that advances Raab, which lies at the confluence of the into the niidilleof it. rivers Raab and Danube. M ar/,i m. a, a handfome tnwii of Spain, Maktor ANo, a town of the kiBirdom in the province of Navarre, ieattd near the of Naples, with a bifliop's (ce ; eight miles river Arragon, on the road from Madrid from the fca, and i c. S. of Col'enza. Lon. to Painpcluna. lb. 10. E. iat. ;9. 6. N. Martokki., a town of Spain, in Ca- talonia, feated at the conrtuence of ihe ri- vers Noya and Lobragal, iS milts N. W of Barcelona. Lon. >. 56. E. Iat. 41 36. N. Martos, a io\\r "^ Spain, in AnJa Mashatk, an idand of Afia, in the Eafkurn Ocean, one of th'- Philippines, al- nvift in the centre of the refl. Ic is 75 miles in circuinferci. few date-trees the United States, and entera Amelia in a^ valley at the bsek of the town, thouglj Sound, in Iat. 30. 44. N. It is navigable they have ail things in plenty. The wea- furveffels efonliderable burden for ninety ther is lb hoc from May to September, that miles ; and its banks afford immenl'e qti;in- no people are to be i'een in the ftrcets from titles of fine timber fuited to the Weft ten in the mornii-.|T till four in tiie after- India rr.irketj, noon. The bizars or market-places are * Marv's STRAtT, St. a ftrait in covered with the leaves of date trees, laid N. Anitiica, which form* the conmnini- 0:1 beams which reach from the houfe-tops cation between Lake Superior and Lake on one fide to ttiofe on the other. The Huron. It is .ibout 40 miles long; and, horfes, cattle, and ftiecp are accuftomcd to at the upper end, is a rapid f.dl, which, eat roafted tiih; notwithftanding which, thou'.',hit i^impolllhle for canoes to afccnil, the beef and uititton arc 'ooth good. Their yet, when con :1urted by careful pilots, may religion is iMaijnmetaniim, and vet, con- be defeciJf.' without danger. trary to the culiom of the Turks, they MvR7v Sirocco, a fmall gulf on fuft'tr aiv one to go into their mofqucs. tbs S. fide of the ide of Malta. The Turks landed h^rc in i;65, w^en they Wiint to bclkje \'ilttta ; for whi h reafn Tliemth'- garmtnrsarea pair of breeches which reacii to their ancles, and a loolc veil on ihtir backs, with very large 'flccvcs, IWjViBOT»niiai«l!>f«WrMWI!!»n>ig!!». few date-trees at the back of the town, though ill thinj;>i in plenty. The wea- jt from'May to September, that ire to be I'een in the ftrcets from mornir.g till four in tlie after- le bizirs or m;irket-pUces are ith the leaves of date trees, laid ,vhich reach from the houfe-tops ic to tliofc on the other. The tic, and (licep are accuftomed to d fiih; notwithft.mding which, nd uiucton are both good. Their ; Malinmetanii'm, and yet, con- ;he cullom of the Turks, they I one to go into their mofqucs. ' garnunts are a pair of breeches acli to their ancles, and a loolc ihur backs, with very large flecvcs, MAS MAT fleeves, which is fattened to their bodies capital of a fmall principality of the fame by a faflj, and they have a large turban, carelefsly wreathed about their head, with a dagger fluck in their girdle. In cold weather they ufe a loofe coat, made of camel's-wool, without llcevcs. The women's drefs is much the lame, only the vefts tit their fiiape better. The pro- dufts of the country are horfes, dates, tine brimftonc, coffee, and ruinofs, a root that dies red. Lon, 57. z6. E. lat, »4. o. N. Mas-d'Asil, a town of Trance, m the department of Arriegeand late county of Foix. Before the revolution of n^f), it had a rich Bcncdi£tine abbey. It is feated on the rivulet Rife, eight miles from Pamiers, and 10 from St. Lizier. Maskelyne's Isi.es, a group of fmal! but beautiful iflands, lying oft the S. E. point of MalicoUo. one of the New Hebrides, in the S, Pacific Ocean. Lon. 167. 55. E- lat. i6. 31. S. Massa, an ancient, populous, and handfome town of Italy, capital of a fmall territory of the fame name, with a ftrong caftle. It is famous for its quar- ries of fine marble, and is feated on a plain, three miles from the fea, and :;s VV. by N. of Florence. Lon. to. o. E. lat. 44. o. N. Mass A, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Terra-di-Lavo- ro, with a bifhop's fee ; leatcd near the fea, in a place difficuh of accels, lo miles S. of Naples. Lon. 14. 18. E. lat. 40. 3.1. N. Massa, a town of Italy, in the Sien- nefe, with a bifliop's fee ; feated on a mountain near the fea, 21; miles S. W. of Sienna. Lon. 10. 4^- £• l^t. 42. 40. N. Massachusets, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the N. by New Hampiliire and Vermont ; on the W. by New York ; on the S. by Connefticut,' Rhode Iftand, and the At- lantic Ocean ; and on the E. by that ocean, and the hay of Maliachuiets. It is no miles long and 60 broad ; and is divided into 14 countii.s. It produces plenty of Indian corn, flaic, and hemp ; and they have manuiafturies of leather, li ncn, and WfKjUcn cloth, and plerry ofbee^ p. Maxapan, CAPK.the moft fouthern promontory of tht; M.iiea, between the gulf of Goran and that of Colochina. Lon. 22.40. E. lat. 36. 2;. N. Mat ARAM, a large town of Afia, formerly the c 'pital of an empire of that name, in the ifl..ncl i.f lava. It is ftrong by fituation, and is fcated in a fertile, pieafant, and populou'^ country, li.rruurid- ecl by mountains. Ljn. 11 1. 55. E. lar. 7. I c. S. Ma TARo, a town of Spain, in Catalo- nia, remarkable for its gluls-vvjik^ ; lea'- i;; # M A U MAX •1 . TJ P it It arofe out of the ruins of Gnwft ,d on the Mediterranean. .5 m.le. N. f-. ^^^.^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^ neighbourhood i is a place of Barcelona. Lon. »• t9- ^- '«' * ^f ^^^j^ . ^^j produces, in particular, i(>-^- „. „„fiir.npr much filk. It is about 190 miles N. ;-;r.:E:iXS. K . c...«. .». .. .. k. ,.. .. td on a mountain. It was. taken uy tne j^j^^^^ ,^^^ ^ ,o^„ ^f prance, in the Imperuliftfi m «684. . department of the Lower Pyrenees and late Matelic A, an ancient town ot na y, v ^^ .^ p^^^^^j „„ ,he in the marquilate of Ancona, .5 milts prov.^^^ ^^ ^^^,_^^ ^^ ^.^^^ ^_ ^ ^^..^^^^ * MATKKA, a confidcrable town of the and 40 S. E. of Dax. Lon. o. 3-W. kingdom of Naples with a b'&op s fee. l«-^3- 'o. r-. prance, in the feated on the river Canapro, 3 5 -"^^^ f- ^^f,^,^^^^,\ Vendee and late province •W. of Tarcnto. Lon. 16. 54- i^- '"• "^p^^^^^ with a late famous Auguftinc '""-^^X-OC, a village. «e. WirU- ^^ J! ^^ ofStt a^d'^/S^^^ --^:r.^t:^th:;tS:i::4 ^'Pi^ers. Lon. o. 36. W. .t. ,. waters arc warm, .nd the place .s inuch 54-^^ .^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^edi- frequented in the b^''""? ,/'^*<^°"; -. V '* ,er«n.an, near the coalt of Albania, .5 .„ Utenfn c ft raggl.ng "ll^g^'J-"' ,,•; ^f S N E. of the ifland of Cephalonia. very romantic ftylc, on the fteep k.c ot m.ies «. ,. N. mountain, the c, on tne uccp m^t >" "■•■— " • 7 „ 1 . . N h'oufes nfingregt,larly L- ff; 46- E- j^t. 39. - N one above another from the bottom to nearly the fummit. There are good ac- commodations for the company who re- fort to the baths ; and the poorer inhaDit- ,nts are fupported by the fale of pctrifac tions, crvftals, and other curiolitics of na MAfRF., St. an ancient town ot France, in the department of Indre and Loire and late province of Touraine, 17 miles S. of Tours, and 148 S. W. of Pa- ris. Lon. o. 4»' E- la'- 47- 9- N. MwRtAC, a town of France, in the •^KxiK'^r^'a'^^'Sfe^" £S%7J:iiesS.^ of Tulles. Lon... Arragon, .0 n.Hcs from the Meditcrra- '''v.E^^'J-^^^^. '5; "• ^^^^„^f g^.f. ntanfand 55 N. of Valencia. Lon. o. f^^,^^,^'■/;^,•;VuLry of Vallais, fituated 35. W. lat.4^. ti-l^- f ^f,. „„ the Rhone, between two high moun - Mattheo, Sr. an illancl ot /Ml i, ,5 miles from Martigiiy. It guards a great diftance trotn the '^"d ;hc ..car- ^^'fj^^™ ei\ being Cape Palmas on the cuaft o ^'^^j^J^^^*",'^,^^'^.^, , ^,ii,y of Savoy, about Guinea, which is 4^0 miles d.ftant. It _^^\^„^,^'^: •,.„,'. ...undine to Mount Guinea, which is 4* , „ ^ was formerly planted by the Portuguele but is now deltrtcd. Lon. 6. 10. VV. kt. 1. 2 4- S. f • .1.. * Matthew's Islands, St. m the Indian Ocean. Lon. ii3- 5'- E. 1*1- 5- i3- to miles in lcni;th, extending to Mount "Cenls, which icparaies it from Piedmont. St. John is the capital town. * Mauritius. See Isle or France. . , _ ■ . » Maurua, one of the Society -•^- f,nnrr of Afi* lu lilauds, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 14 Matumay, a fcaport o^ '^"*' '" J, .1 the W of Bolabola. Ycffo, capital of a prov.nce of the i me '^ '^f ^^'''^^W.^ot^li^ ^ ^^^^ ^.^^^ name, tributary to Japan. Lon. n^. ^^^'^^ ^f ,^6 Uftec Tartars. It 5;.E. lat. 41. o.M. . populous, and caatains a^grcat forti^^d after the manner of Vauban •, and vhofc mark « „ ^. ^^^^^ isfe^ed on the river Sam^e,.zm.lcsS. - , J-^f^l^^^^/t^wn. and ..o W. by * Maulhah, a pretty neat citvot «• P^- ,5^ a town of France, in Hindooftan Proper in Bengal ntiaed ^ ^ >;; ^^^.^ Vf Var and late province not far from the N. bank of the &an- the yP»""^«'" 3 ^ ^^ revolution, ges, on » liver that communicates with of 1 rovencc. uuor ^^^^^ MAX out of the ruins of Gniir> Its neighbourhood ; is a place ml produces, in particular, It is about 190 miles N. Lon. 88. 28. E. lat. 15. a, a town of France, in the if the Lower Pyrenees and late Beam. It is (ituated on thc ipain, 10 miles S. W. of "au, £. of Dax. Lon. o. 31. W. ►N, a town of France, in the of Vendue and late province vith a late famous Auguftinc Ceated near the rivulet Oint, 5* . of Rochelle, and 52 N, W. Lon. o. 36. W. lat. 46^ , St. an ifland of the Medi- lear the coalt of Albania, 15 I. of the ifland of Cephalonia. i. E. lat. 39. 1. N. , St. an ancient town ot the department of Indre and late province of Touraine, 17 Tours, and 148S. W.of Pa- o. 4». E. lat. 47- q. N. AC, a town of France, m the t of the Cantal and late pro- uvergne. It is a place of fome \ the horfes are the beft in It is feated near the river Dor- miles S. E. of Tulles. Lon. 2. . 45. 15. N. RICE, St. a fmall town of Swif- 1 the country of Vallais, fituatcd hone, between two high moun- miles from Martigny. It guards ice into the Lower Vallais. lENNE, a valley of Savoy, about in lcni;rh, extending to Mount tiich ic'paraies it from Piedmont, is the capital town. [AuuiTius. See Isle of r, AURUA, one of the Society in the S. Pacific Ocean, 14 the W. of Bolabola. ARAiNAHAR » namc given to ntry of the Uftec Tartars. It populous, and caatains a _ great of towns. Samarcand ss tte ca- iTEs, St. a borough in Cornwall, market is diiafed. It is feated E. fic'.e of Falmouth Haven, three rom the town, and z^o W. by .oudon. Lon. 4- S^- W. lat. 50. iciMiN, St. a town of France, in lartmcnt of Var and late province avencc. Before the revolution, M A Z here was a convent of Dominicans, in which the good fathers pretended to pre- ferve the boi'.y of Mary Magdalen, which, in return brought them great riches by the rciori of faperftitious vifitors. It is feated on the river Argens, 20 miles N. ofTouhn. Lon. 5. 57- E. lat. 41. 30- N. May, a fmall idaud of Scotland, at the mouth of the frith of Forth, near the eoaft of Fife, and fcven miles S. E. of Crail. The furroundmg rocks render it nlmoft inacccffib'.c. The lighthoufe h of great benefit to veirels entering the fnth. * May, Gate, a cape of N. America, .adth ; bound- ed un the W. by Cavari and Loutb. ; mi the E. by the Infi Channel; on the S. by Kil- darc' and D - tin ; ?n(\ on the W. by- Longford and U'eft Meath. It contains 139 parifhe5, and fends 14 members to parliament. Trim is the capital. Meath, West, a county of Ireland, in the province of Lcinfter ; bounded oa the N. by Longford and Eaft Meath ; on the E. by the latter county ; on the S. by- King's County ; and .n the W. by Rof- comrnon. It is one of the moft populous and frrtile counties in Ireland, contains 62 pa- I'llhes, and fends 10 members to patliament. MEAifX, an aricient town of France, in fhe departitient of Seine and Marne and late ^ovince of the Ifle of France, in a fmall diftrift called Brie. It is an epif- cc»pal town, and is feated oh the river Marne. It is a largcj handfome, and papulous town ; and the fine market* plai:e is a peninfula contiguous to the own, which was formerly well fortified, and, in 1411, flood a fiege of three months againft the Englifh. The country round this place abounds in corn and cattle ; and the fine meadows produce a cheefe, well known by the name of the CheenB of Brie. It is 10 miles N. W. of Colo- miers, and 25. N. E. of Paris. Lon. 2. 58. E. lat. 4^. 58. N. "■ Mecan, a large river of Afia, which rifcs in Thibet, and flowing; S. E. through the kingdoms of Laos and Cam- bodia,'^ falls by two mouths into the Eailern Ocean, forming an illand below the citv Ee of 1 IVTiL \^' ivi c v^ ef Cambodia, which h.re gives name to the eaftern branch. Mecca, an nncient and famous town of Afia, ill AvHbia Felix ; ftatcd o;i a b:irrcn fpf)r, in a valley, I'lirrounded by little hills, about a day's journey from the Red Sea. It is a place of no ftreiigth, having neither walls nor gates, and the buildings arc very mean. That which Supports it is the annual refort of a great m.\ny thouland pilt^rims at a certain fca- fon of the year ; for, at other limes, the fhops are fcarcely open. The inhabitants are poor, very tliin, le-in, and fwarthy. 'The hills about the town are nunneroub ; nil confift of a blackifli mck ; and fume -if ■ them are half a mile in circumferencr. On the top of one of them -s a cave, whcr« they pretend Mahomet ufiially retired to perform his devotions, and hi- ther they affirm the greateft part of the Koran was brought him by the angel . Gabriel. The town has plenty of water, and yet little garden-ftuff ; but there are fevcral forts of good fruit, as grapes, me- lons, water-melons, aiiJ cucumbers. Num- bers of fliecp are brought hither to be fold to the pilgrnns. Mecca ftantis in a very hot climate, and the inhabitants ufually llecp on the tops of their houfes, for ' the fake of coolnefs. Its temple has 42 doors, and its form refcmbles the Royal Exchange in London, but it is near ten times as large. It is open in the middle, and the ground covered with gravel, ex- cept in two or three places that lead to the Beat-Allah through certain doors ; and thefe are paved with fliort ftones. There arc cloifters all round, and in the fides arc cells for thofe that live a monaftic life. The Beat-Allah ftands in the middle of the temple, is a fquLre ftrufture, each fuh about £0 paces long, and fq. feet high ; covered all over from top to bot- tom with a thick fort of filk, and the nwd- •dle embroidered with letters of gold, each letter being about two feet in length, and two inches broad. The door is covered \vith fi'ver plates, and there is a curtain before it, thick with gold embroidery. This Beat is the principal objcfi: of the pilgrims' devotion, and is open but two days in the fpace of fix weeks, namely, one day for the men, and the next for the women. Within there are only two wooden pillars in the middle to fnppoit the roof, with a bar of iron faftened ' thereto, on which hang three or four filver lamps. The walls on the infide are marble, and covered with filk, unlefs wheii the pilgrims enter. About iz paces from the Beat, i* the fepuichre of Abra- ham; astliey pretend; and they affirm that he erefted the Beat-Allah. The tomb is handfome, and not unlike thofe of ili; people of fafhion in Eng>.nd. When the pilgrims have performed their devo- tions here, they repair to a hill, which, however, is not large enough to contain them all at once, for there are no lefs than 70,000 pilgrims every year. When cer- tain ceremonies are over, they then receive the title of hadgies or faints ; and the next morning they move to a place where they fav Abraham went to offer up his fon Ilaar, which is about two or three mile, frr.m Mecca. Here thev pitch their tents, and then throw fevcn fmall tones at'ainlt a little fquare ftone building. This, as they affirm, 's performed in defiance of the devil. Every one then purchafes a fliecp, which is brought for that purpofe, catinj^ lume of it themfelves, and giving the reft to the poor people who attend upon that occafion. Indeed, thefe are miferable ob- je6ts, and fuch fUrvcd creatures that they feem ready to devour each other. One would imagine, that this was a very f-. ic- tified place ; but a renegado, who went in pilgrimage hither, afSrms, that there is as much debauchery praftifed here, as in any part of the Turkilh dominions. It is 15 miles from Jodda, the feaport of Mecca. and 220 S. E. of Medina. Lon. 40. 55. E. lat. zi. 4;. N. MtCKLENBCRG, 3 Country of Ger- many", in the circle of Lower Saxony, bounded on the N. by the Baltic ; on the E. by Pomerania ; on the S. by Branden- burg ; and on the W. by Holftein and Lunenburg; lying between 13. if, and 17, o. E. lon. and 53. 10. and 54. 40. N. lat. It extends 13^ miles in length, and go where bioadefl. It is one of the moft fruitful countries in Germany, for ir abound)! in corn, paftures, and game ; and it is well leaTed on the Baltic for fcicign trade. This country wfis, for many cen- turies, under the government of ono prince ; but, on the death of the fovereign, in 1592, it was divided between his two fons ; the tldefl retaining the duchy of Mecklenburg Schweiin, which is con- fiderably the largeft fliare, while the younger obtained the duchy of Mecklen- burg Strclitz. This divifion ftill fiib- fifts ; and Adclphus IV. the prefent duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz, is brother to Charlotte queen of Great Britain. Mf.chmn, a handfome city of the Auftrian Netherlands, capital of a diftri't of the lame name, with an archbilh'ip'* fee. It confifts of feveral (mall illi.iuli made by artificial canals, ov;:r whirh are a grcit :^BEril0C]|!viwivH)^^vj4l^tAddl IVl XL. V^ y pretend; and thev aflirm that the Beat-Allah. The tomb is and not unlike thole of ih; fafliion in Eng!ind. When ns have performed their devo- , they repair to a hill, which, is not large enough to contain t once, for there are no lefs than Igrims every year. When ccr- lonies are over, they then receive f hadgics or faints ; and the next they move to a place where they hum went to offer up his fon ich is about two or three miles cca. Here thcv pitch their tents, throw I'evcn iVnall lones aeainll uare ftonc building. This, aa n, 's performed in defiance of the Lvery one then purchales a flieep, brought for that purpofe, eating t thcinfelves, and giving the reft loor people who attend upon that Indctd, thefe are miferable ob- i fuch ftarvcd creatures that they idy to devour each other. One naginc, that this was a very f. ic- ice ; but a renegado, who went in gc hither, afSrms, that there is as ibauchery praftifed here, as in any the Turkifli dominions. It is 2; om Jodda, the fcaport of Mecca. I S. t. of Medina. Lon. 40. 55. K. 45. N. KLENBL'RG, a Country of Ger- in the circle of Lower Saxony, d on the N. by the Baltic ; on the ?omerania ; on the S. by Branden- and on the W, by Holftcin and lurg ; lying between 13. if. and E. lon. and 5J. 10. and 54. 40. N. t extends 13s miles in length,, where hroadcft. It is one of ihc uitful countries in Germany, for it ,8 in corn, pnftures, and game ; and /ell feared on the Baltic for foicign This country was, for many ccn- under the government of onL> ; but, on the death of the fovereign, 2, it was divided between his two the tided retaining the duchy of enburg Schweiin, which is con- (ly the largeft fliare, while the er obtained the duchy of Mccklen- Streiitz. Thi» divi'fion ftill fub- and Adclphiis IV. the prefcnt duke scklenburg Strelitz, is brother to )tte queen of Great Britain. CHI. IN, a handfome city of the ian Netherlands, capital of a diftri^t faiiie name, with an archbilh'Ui'* It confifts of fcveral fmall ilh.iuh bv artiticial canals, ovr:r which arc a grcit a great many bridges. The cathedral is a fuperb ftrudture, with a very high ftceple, in which arc harmonious chimts. There is a very large houfe, in which are brought up 800 or 1000 young giils. It is a place of great trade, and here is a great foundry for ordnance of all kinds. It is famous for its fine lace, and tiiey brew a fort of beer, which is lent into the neighbouring provinces. The territory of this town is a lordlhip, which comprehends two fmall diftriits containing nine towns of little confequence. and lomc villages. It fubmitted to the duke of Marlborough in 1706, and was taken by the French in 1746, but was rcftorcd by the peace of Aix-la-Chape!le. In 1792, the French again took pcireffion of it, but evacuated ir the next year. It is ftatcd on the river Dendcr, 10 miles N, VV. of Louvain, 10 N. E. of Brufltls, and i; S. E. of Ant- werp. Lon. 4. 34. E. lat. i;i. 2. N. Mkchoachan, a province of N. Amt'.ica, in New Spain, bounded on the N. by Panuco ; on the E. by Proper Mexico ; on the S.bvtiu? South Sea ; and on the W. by New Galici.i. It is aljout 200 miles in circumference, and is very rich, abounding in all the nece.Tarics <viaduw'ii, and brafi gates, and la the nud- Wl^V u Inaofcd die, the tnmb of Mahomet, inclorcd with curtains like .1 bed. Some affirm there are 3000 lamps about it j but an eye-witnefi declares there are not 100. The tomb in not e.xpofcd 'o any, except the eunuchs ap- f)ointed to tnke care of it, and £0 liijht the amps. The ftorv of its being fufpended in the air by a load Hone is now well known to be a fiftion. Pruvifions are brought to this place from Nubia, acrofs the Red Sea, man odd fort of velTels, whofc fails are made (jf mats. It is called the City of lilt; Prophet, bcraufe here he was proteft- ed by the inhabitants when he fled from Mecca ; and here he was firft invefted with regal power- Tlie time of his death was in 637 j but thcMahomctan epoch be- gins in 622, fr.,m the time of his flight. It is feated on a plain, abounding in palm- trjes, 200 miles N. W. of Mecca. Lon. 39. 3?. K. lat. 24. lc. N. Mkdin a-Ckli, an ancient town of Spain, ill Old Caftilt, capital of a eonfid'wr- able duchy of the fame name ; feated near the river Xalong, 10 miles N. E. of Si- guenza, .uid 75 S. W. of Saragoffa. Lon. 2. 24. VV. lit. 41. 12. N. Medina-de-las-Torres, a very an i-.'nt town of Spain, in Eftramadura, with an old caftle, feated on the confines of Andalufia, at the foot of a mountain, near Badajf>z. Medina-del-Campo, a large, rich, and ancient town o^ Spain, in Leon. The .great fquare is very fine, and adorned with a fuperb fountain. It is a trading place, enjoys great privileges, and is feated in a country abounding with corn and wine, 37 miles S. E. of Zamora, and 75 N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 4. 14. VV. lat. 41. 20. N. . Medina-del-Rio-Secco, on anci- ent and rich t^-wn of Spain, in Leon, feat- ed on a plain, where there are fine paf- turcs, 35 miles N. VV. of Valladoiid, and qo. S. E.of Leon. Lon. 4. 33. £■ lat. 4a. 6. N. Medina-Sidonta, a very ancient town of Spain, in A.idalafia, with an old caftic, 36 miks N. W. of Gibraltar, and zo E. of Cadij, Lon, 5. 36. £. lat. 36. 40. N. Mediterranean, the name of the fea between Afia, Africa, and Europe, communicating wirh the ocean by the ftraits of Gibraltar ; and with the Bi.'^ck Sc;a by the Dirdanellcs, the fea of Mar- mora, and the ftrai: of Conftantinoplc. Me ON IK I, a town of Poland, in the province of Sunogiiis. '.vitha bi'.hop's fee; iea.ttd on the river Warwitz, 40 miles E. of Metr.el. L.in. 22. ^q. E. lat. c^. 41. N. £ c & Med(;a, P ! ^1 i\ ,.i^ r TrETTT Mr.nrA, a town of Africa, in the king- dom of Algicr's, (cHicil ill a nth country aboundinK in corn, fruits, am! flocks of Ihcep. It is 175 miles. S. W. of Aljiitrs. Lon. o. 13. E. ia- 34- 4'i' N. Mepway, a river which rifes in A(h- down Foreft, in SufTcx ; and entering Kent, it waters Tunbridge, and at Maid- ftone is navigable to Rochefter j below which, at Chatham, it i« a ftation for the royal navy. Dividing into two branches, the weflern one enters the mouth of the Tiiames, ar the Norc, between the Ifles of Grain and Shtpcy, and is defended by the fort at Sheernefs. The caftern branch, called the Kaft Swale, paffes by Qucenbo- rough and Milton, and falls into the Ger- man Ocean, below Feverlham. In i66c, the Dutch came up the Medvvay, and burnt the men of war ; which occafioncd Sheernefs to be built. * Medwi, a town of Sweden, in the province of E. Gothland, called the Swed- ifli Spa, on account of its waters, which are vuriolic and fulphureous. It is pica- fantly fituated in a richly-wooded coun- try. The lodging-houfcn form one ftreet of uniform wo<'dtn buildings painted red. The walks and rides are delightful, parti- cularly on the banks of the VVetter. It is three milts fro.n Wadftena. Medziboz, a town o' Poland, in the S. part of the paiatinai* of Volhinia, feat- ed on the N. bank of the river Bog. MegarA) an ancient town of Greece, formerly very large,, but now in- eonfiderable, being inhabited only by poor Greeks : however, there are fome fine re- mains of anticiuity. It is 20 miles W. of Setines, or Atnens. Lon. 23. jo. E. lat. 38.6 N. Meovn, a town of Dutch Brabant ; featcd on the river Maefe, 15 mile;i S.W. •f Nimegucn. Lon. 5. 26. K. lat. 51. 49- N. Megesvar, a town of Tranfylva- nia, capital of a county of the fame mine, remarkable for its good uints ; feared on the river Kotcl. Lou. j?. 10, E. lat. 46. 50. N. Mf.GiF.i.'f., » town of Tranfylyania, 38 miles N. of Ilernianftadt. Lon. 24. 41. E. lat. 45. 53. N. Megra, a ftrong town of Afrin, in the kincdom cf Fe; and pruviivce of Qret; live mires uoni the fea. "^ Mehran, the name of the princi- pal of the many channels into wliich the liver Indus divides itfclf, near Tatta, in Hindooftan Pro]Kr. Mehuk-£VR -Yevre an ancient town of France, ir^ the dcprrtmcnt - cles, viz. MeiflTen, Leipfick, Ertzgeburg, Voigtland, and Luftadt. It is a very fine country, producing corn, wine, metals, and all things that contribute to the plei- furc of life. The inhabitants are rolitc,. hofpitable, and fpcak the pureft language in Germany. The capital is Drefden. Mei.a7//.o, an ancient town of Turkey in Afia, in Natolia, where there remain curious monuments of antiquity, with a. biftiop's fee. It is featcd on a hay of the Archipelago, 60 miles S. of St.iyrna. Lon. 27. 2 5. E. lat. 37. »8. N. Mei.cK; 9 fmall, well-fortified and an- cient town of Germany, in the circle of Lower AuftrJa, with a celebrated Bene- diiillnc abbey, (eated on a hill, 47 miles "Vif, of Vienna. Lon. 15. 26. E, lat. 48. 11. N. MntcoMn-RHors, a borough of Dor- fetfliire, with two raarkcis, on Ttjefday and Ju»mMKm*»am MEL ^ftle built by Charles VH , »2 etircment ; and here he ftarv- to death, in the drcid of beinR y his ion, the infamous Lewis fcatcd in a fertile pl.iin, on the 1-, 10 miles, from Uourges, ind 'jri . Lon. i. 17. K- 'at. 47. -si-R-LoiRE, a town of the dcpannicnt of Loiret and ice of Orleanois. Lon. 1. 48. I".. ,. N. tLF.RiE, a village of the duchy _s, in Savoy, feated on the S. fulc le (if Geneva, in the rtcefs of a and at the foot of impending .,, which in foine parts arc jping, and clothed to the edge .vatcr with dark furofts, and in ire nuked and perpendicular. firk and gloomy rocks lie S. W. IS, which place and M/illeric are ffcfting fcenes in the Eloifa of SEN, a rich, populous, and con- town of Germany, in the elec- ■ Saxony and margravate of Mil- h a caflile. It formerly belonged lop, but is now fccularizcd, and bitants arc Lutherans. The fa- anufaftory of porcelain is fettled It is feated on the river Elbe, 10 ,'. W. of Drtiden, and 37 S. E. Ifick. Lon. 13- 33- E- •»'• 5'- ssF.N, or MisNiA, a margravate nany, in the circle of Upper Saxo- inded on the N. by the duchy of , on the E. by Lul'atia, on the S. emia, and on the W. by Thurin- c is about 100 miles in length, and reidth, and is divided into live cirv z. Meiffen, Leipfick, Ertzgeburg, ind. and Luftadt. It is a very fine r, producing torn, wine, metals, ; things that contribute to the plcT- ■ life. The inhabitants are rolitc,. ble, and fpcak the pureft language many. The capital is Drefden. i.A7./,o, an ancient town of Turkey a, in Natolla, where there remain ; monuments of antiquity, with a 's fee. It is feated on a bay of the pelago, 60 miles S. of Si.iyrna. 7. Z5.E. lat. 37.»8.N. i.cKi le for a to c fouKl.t near it.bttv.ec U.t tinpcror lUn- ry tv. and Rod 'p!> ''• '■•«= ^^ ^junbia. ceftcrfhire, wi.l-. a market on TucUUv. Itisf.^^.td.mthcnvcrRyc, xvlmUah.ml lurr.u.nds ,r, an.l over v^luch arc two hand- Jone Pont .rul>;«. Th. hov. c. arc xvtll buTlt : it> .nvkct .s cunfulcrabl. for corn, cattle, hops flitcp. and provibons ; and it i, the btft place in the roun.y, next o Lcictftcr. It IS ir Mulcs S. by K. of ^::LRha^,, and.- N. by VV of Lon- don. Lon.O Jo.W.lat. 5:.4b.N. MF...VN. an ancuMV.wnot France in the department of Sf.at :inM M.rn. and ., p.oMmenfthe Ific ot HaM-c. Itated ou -he rivc. Seine, lo nnlis fr.m l"on- tainWeau. «nd:.-, S.;i.o. Par,.. Lon. 2. ic R. lat. 48. >o. N. , „ . ^ AlKMBRiLio, a town of Spain, m Eftiai-.dura. 14 miles S. of Alcan.ara. Lon 6. ->• W, lat. 39- '»-^- , „, • M- m; I., n ftronj.' town a"d caftle in EaMTn Pruflia, with tne fincft harbour in the Baltic, and a very exttnl.ve c-m-Tnerce ; but it is an in-bu(lt town, with uarro^v dirty ftreets. It is feated -n the N. extre- Syof .heCurirchcllat.anmlc^ofthe Slboutvomilcs in length, which -s here joined to the Baltic by a narrow ftrait. .20 miles N.E. of Damiic. L^.n. 2.. 4^. t- MVMMisr.EN. a handfome and ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Suab.a, feated in a fert.k pleal.nr plain, Z4 nri.le. S. E. of Ulm. and 3; S. \\ . of Av.gl burc. Lon. 10. .6. F.. lar. 4«. ?• N- ]\^F.NAN.alargen;.crof Afia.in the kinsdum of Siam, which runs through It from N. to S. palTe. by the c,tv .f S.an,, and falls into the gulf of S,am.-..>wBa.w Ctx:k. There arc; fevcral P.ngula. fifl.es m it, befide crocodiles, which are common m '^MpCKCABO.atownof Afia,in.he ifland of Sumatra. It is the capital of ?. fmbU kinedom <.f the fame name, and ';«'<■'"" Se^B. coatt.oppo(ite;.he,neofNairau. aco miles from the flrait of Simda. Menbe an nncient town ol I'rarce, capi-al of the department ' ' t-a7."e and late province of G.v'i.a^n. wrh a b._1,op s fee The fountains, a.iJ one o^ t ic ftejples of the c.thedr,.!, are remarkable It is VC.V o- PUir.J.^ ■, has ina::ula6or.es of llrl^.l( .'ther woollen ftulT. ; an ,s feated on the riv«r Lot. 35 "";" ^^^^ " f Puy 8nd2.0S.byE. cf Pans. Lon. 3. MiNUiP-Iliti.s, 9 lofty mineral rnk^ iu ilie N. E. ciuarter of Somtrlttftiire, MEN abounding in coal, lead, and calainine. •Ill ■ coal is carried on hurleback to Katti, Wells, Frome, &:r. The lead is h\<.\ to be of a harder quality than that of other countries, and is moniy exporred for the makini; of bullets and (hot. The wlamipc is carried to Briftol, kc to U ufed in the making of brafs. Copper, manganerc, bole, and red ochre, are alfo found in thele hills. On their fummits are large Iwam- py Hats, dangerous to crofs. ,_-.,. Mkndi.esHaM, a town of SuttoiK, with a market on Friday, and a oand- r„nie chuich, i!< mdes E. of Bury St. lid- mund'., and 82 N. E. of London. Lon. I. .2. E. lat. SJ- i4-N. . ' Mfniikam, a province of Alrica, m the kingdom of Fczzan, with a town of the fame name, 60 miles S. ot Mouriook. Although much of the l.md in this^ pro- vinie is a continued level of hard and bar- re., foil, the quantity of trona, a fpccies ot fo.Til a'kah tnat floats on the lurface, or fettles on the banks of its numerous fmok- ing lakes, has j^iven it a hi,.iher import- ance thai that of the moft fertile d.ftri«5. MtNEHOi'LO.ST an ancient and con- fiderable town of France, in the depart- ment of Marne and late province of Charn- pagne. It is feated in a morafs, 011 the river Aifne, between two rocks, with a caftle advantaijcoufly fituated ; "»« "s other fortifications have been dennolilhecl. As the houfes in this town were tormerly built of wood, it was almoft totally de- ftroyed by a dreadful c^nflagraiion (;n the 7th of Aug. i7>9- It '^ ^° miles M. K. of Chalons, and 1 to E. of Pans. Lon. 4- CO. E. lat. 49. 2.N. r A A • Menin, a h.mdfome town of Aultrian Flanders, taken in 1667, by the French who fortified it very ftrongly. It was retaken by the allies in 1706, and added to the houfe of Auftria, by the treatv of U'.ccht ; but rec .vered by the French in ,744, who demolilhed the forriRcat.ons. Ir wa. rcftored to the houfe of Auftria by ,he treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, and is feat- t). ot I^iiie, and eight S. E. of Ypres. Lon. 3- 9- ^• lat. i,o. 48. N. , . . • MENTON.atownof Italy, in theorin- cipality of Monaco, with a caftle ; feated near .the fea, live miles from Monaco, and ei^ht from Ventimiglia. Lon. 7- 3 5- '^• Kit. 43. 4f'. N. . e /-, MentZ. a. confiderable city of Ger- ma..v, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, capi.al of the electorate ..f Mentz, wuh a univerfitv, and an archbifhop s lie. 1 lie rtrchbilhop is .-in eleftor of the empire, arch -chancellor of the empire, keeper nt the archives, and direftor ot the genera _ MEN |i coal, \e:\(\, and calnmine. irricd on hi'iliback to Bath, f, &(•. The Itad is faii) to ler quality ttian that of other d ii nidrtly exported for the llctsand (hot. The c.ilamipc Urillol, kc. to Vtf uftd in the Ibrafs. Copper, mnr.ganefe, ochre, arc tifo found in thel'e iicir fummits are large fwam- i;crous to crnfs. [:sHAM, a town of SiifFolk, ktt oil Friday, and a iiaiid- |i, iX miles E. of Bury St. Ed- il Si N. E. of London. Lon. It. c,z. 24. N. 1 II Ml, a province of Africa, in ^\ ot F'czzan, with a town of amc, 60 nfiilts S. ot Mourzook. niucli of the land in this pro- oiuiiiutd level of hard and bar- quantity of trona, a fpccics of mat floats on the furfacc, or he banks of its numerous fmok- has jiiven it a hii^her iriport- hat of the mod fertile diftrifls. oi'i-n, St an ancient and con- own <>f Frnncp, in the depart- arncand late province of Cham- r is fcated in a morafs, on the le, between two rocks, with a • antajicoufly fmiated ; but its ;ifications have been dtmolithed. oufes in this town were for'Tierly woihI, it was almoft totally de- / a dreadful conflagration on the ug. 1719. It is 20 miles N. E. 15, and 1 10 £. of Paris. Lon. 4. t. 49. 2. N. .V, a hamllbme town of Auftrian taken in i557, by the French tifitd it vtry ftrongly. It was by the allies in 1706, and added oufe of Auftria, by the treaty of ; but recovered by the Frencn in ho demolilhed the fortifications. :ftored to the ho\x(c of Auftria by f of Aix-la-Chaprlle, and is fcat- e river Lis, 10 miles N. of Lide, t S. F,. of Yores. Lon. 3. 9. E. tS.N. roN, a town of Italy, in the prin- of Monaco, with a caftle ; (eated fea, five miles from Monaco, and ira Ventimiglia. Lon. 7. 35. E. 16. N. rz, a. confidcrabte city of Ger- n the circle of the Lmv-er Rhine, f the eleiflorate (.f Mentz, with a y, and an arc hbi (hop's fee. Tlie ■tp is r.n ele(^or of the empire, nccllor of the empire, keeper rti lives, and dircftor of the geners' M E CL n i d panicular a(remblics. He has alfo a pht to convoke the eleftoral college. This city is finely fituatcd, built in an irrepular manner, and plentifully provid<.d with churches. In the cathedral, which is a gloomy fabric, is what they call a treafury, which contains a number of clumfy jewels, I'ome relics, and a rich wardrobe of faccrdotal vefttnents. The ftreets fwarm with ccclefiaftics, (bme of them in fine coaches, with a great number of fcrvants. Mcnt/. is one of the towns which claim the invention of printing. The French took this place by furprilc, Ottober 21, 1791. They greatly ftrengrh- ened the fortifications, and placed luch a ftrong garrifon in it, that, the next year, it flood a long and fevere blockade and fiegc figainft the king of Pruirm, to whom, however, it furrendered at laft, on tiie 23d of July, 1793. Many of the churches, public building., and private houfes, were deftroyed, or grca'.ly injuitd, during the fifgc, as well as foine tine villaees, vine- yards, and country houfes. Mentz is i'eated on the Rhine, over which is a bridge of boats communicating with Caf- (el. It is 20 miles N. VV. of Worms, 15 W. of Francfort, and 75 E. oi Treves. Lon. 8. 20. E, lat. 49. 51. N, Mkntz, the archbidiopric of, acouiitry of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and lying upon that river. It is bounded on the N. by VVeteravia and HelTe, on the S. by Franconia and the pa- latinatc of the Rhine, and on the \V. by the eleftorate of Treves ; is about 50 niiks in length, and 20 in breadth, and is very fcr tile. Bcfide this archbi(hopric,thc eleilor of Mentz is fovereign of Eichsfeld, Kisftld, or Eifeld, a country furrounded by Htllc, Thuringia, Gruhenhagen, and Cairnberg. and extending 3*) miles from N. to S. and from E. to W. about 24 ; and alfo of the city and territory of Erfort in Thuri'v.'ia. Mej'HEN", a town of G<.rmany, in the circle of Wellphalia, which depends on tlie bifliop ot Munfter ; ftated on the ri- ver F.mbs, 1 ^ miles N. of Luij^cn, and ;o N. W. of Munfter. Lon. 7. 36. E. lat. 52.45. N. Mequinenza, an ancient town of Spain, in Arragon, defended by a good caftle. It it feated at the confluence of the rivers Ebro and Scgra, in a fertile and pleafant country, 39 mile* N. \V. of Tortofa, and 180 N. E. of Madrid. Lon, c. 29. £. lat. 41. 36. N. r.lEt^^uiNBZ, a city of Fez, in the em- pire of Morocfo, 66 miles to the W. of Fez, feated in a dtligiitful plain, having a very ferene and clear air ; for which feafq;! the ^nspefor refides in (his place in M E R preference to Fez. It is now the capjia of the whole einjiirc, to which the hafhaws ami alcayds rclort with the tiibute and prefer.ts every two or three years. In the iiiiddi/ of the city, the Jiws have a place to themftlves, the gaies i)f which arc lock- ed every night ; and there is an alrayd to protect ihcm ajrainft the common people, who othcrwife would plunder their fub- ft-ince. It is death for them to curfc, or lift lip a hand againft the meancft Moor, inComiich that the lioyb kick them about at their pleafure. They are obhgcd to wear black dnhes and caps, and to pull oti' their fliots wluncvtr they pafs by a niol'nue. Clofe by Mequinez. on the N. VV. Iide, ftaiuls a large nci;ro town, which takes up a^ much ground as th'j city, but the hou'es are not fo l)ii;h, nor (0 well built. The inhabitants are all blacks, or of a dark tawny colour ; and thence the emperor recruits the f: "''ers for his court. The palace ftands 1 ; !ie S. fide, aiid is guarded by feveral iMUi-ds of black. eunuchs, who arc cleani drcfled, rnd their knives ard fci tars a e covered with wrought f'lvcr. 1 lie houfes are very good, i)Ut the ttrectb exceedingly narrow, and hardiy any of the windows to be fecn, except litt'e holes to lock out at. The li.Jit (omos in at the back of their houfes, where there is ipiare court, open at the top, with pillar 5, fupponing galleries, and painted wooden baluftradcs round the in* f'dc of the houfc, like Come of our inns. In the middle of the court is a fountain, if the lioiile belong to a perfon of any rank. They an; fi.it at the top ; fo that in many plans tl.Ly can wilk a great way upon thci:i, Tuc women live in the upper ap'rrnicnis, and often vifit each other frnni the tops of the houl'cs. When they go abroad, they have their heads covefAl with their outward garment, which comos down clofi: to their eyes ; and underneath they f.e a piece of wliite cloth, to hide the lower i)art of their face. They are quite covered all over, except their legs, which are generally naked ; but within doors they appear m their hair, and have only a fingic fillet over their foreheads. Their cuftouis and manners arc much the faine as th lie of other Mahometans. Lon. 6. 6. W. lat. 33. 16. N. * Mkr, a fmall town of France, in the department of Loir and Cher and late pro- vir.i-. of Blaifois, 10 mifles N. E. of Blois. Mkran', a handfome trading town of Germany, in the Tirol, capital of Erfch- land ; feated on the river Adige, 11 miles N. W. of goljano. Lon. 11. 18. E. lat. 46. 44. N. Me^a2jok, or Market Jew, a E e 4 towa t ft I: ■ P' M E R M E R town in Cornwall, with a tnatkct f*" and fends one member to parliament. Hir- Thurfdav i feateU on an arm '<'' the fia. Itch ii the capital. c;i!led Mnitufl.ay. three miles E. of Pen- • MfcRir/., Mkhitch, or Mf.R- zanct, and 183 W. by S. of London. Lun. rich, an import.int fortrefs and ciiy of 5. 30. V\'. lat. so Ii. N. the Deccan ot Hindonftan, fituatrd ntar Mk-HE, a t.>v\u of VViUfhirc, with a th.- N. bank uf the river Kiftna, about :o market on TuLfday i ftitcd near i ri;e hills, on one fide of which is a bearon ; '-^ miles W. of Salilbury, and 100 W by S. of London. Lon j. n. V\'. lit. ■;!. (<. N. miles S. W. of Vili.ipour, It was taken by Hyder Ally in 177 ^• MitK, a river ol Aiiftrlan Briibanr, .^ which running N. by Breda, aftiraard MeiiIDIN, a town of Aba, m Diarbeck, turns W. and falls into one of the mouths with a callle which patfcs for iniprcgna- of the river Maefe, ippofiie the ifland of ble, and an archbi'hop's fee. There are Overflackc, in Holland, fcvcral handf^mc palaces ; and the coun- Mkro, a ftronj; town of Alia, in the try about it produces a great deal of cot- kingdom of Pegu ; 140 mdes S. W. of ton. It belongs to the Turks, who have the town of Pegu. Lon. 98. jC E. lat. a bafhaw, and a goi.d garrilon here. It is. t6. o. N 4< miles S. E. of Diarbekar. Lon. 39. 55. F,. lat. 36. e,c. N. Mekec/, a town of Lithuania, featcd nt the confluence of the rivers Bere/ino and Merecz, 30 miles N. of Grodno. J^on, 14. 10. E. lat. 54. 0. N. Mkhida, a ftrong town of Spain, in Mkrou, a town of Pcrfia, in Korafm. It is feated in a delightful fertiU: coun- try, which proiiucts fait, and is iit miles S. \V. of Bokhara. Lon. 64. 25. E. lat. 37- 4Q. N. Mr.Rs. See Bkrwickshirk. MKRsBi'Rn, a town of ticnnanv, m Eftramadura, built by the Romans, before the circle of Upper Saxony, and in Mil the hirth of Chrift. Here are fine re- mains of antiquity, particularly a triuin rch. It is feated inanextenfive ana plain, 45 miles S. by E. of Alcan- tara. Lon. 6. 4. VV. lar. 38- 4s. N. Mekifja, a town of N. America, in nhai tertil nia, with a bidiop's fee. It belongs to the clei'lor of Saxony, :md has a Lutheran bi- Ihop. It is Icated on the river Sa'a, 10 miles S. of Halle, and c,6 N. VV. of Dicf- den. Lon. ti. 6. E. lat. 51. iS. N. ' iMKRSF.v, a river of P^ngland, the New Spain, capital of the province of boundary between Chelhire and Lanca- Yucatan, uhere the bifliop and the go. "' " " --' ' vernor of the province rcfide. It is inaa tited by the Spaniards and native Ame Ihire. Above Stockport, it receives the Tame ; lower down, the Irwell ; and palling by Manchefter and Warrington, river not only all'irds falnion, but is vifitcd by annual flioals of fmelts, here called fparlinjjs, of a remarkable fize and fla- vour. MF.KsruRO, a town of Germany, in the circle nf Suabia, and bilhopric of Con- ftance, featcd on the N. fide of the Uke Conftance, and 1 1 miles from the town of that name. It is the ufual place of refir Lon. 9. 16. E. lat. ricans j and is 30 miles S. of the gulf of enters ihc hilli Sea below Liverp'>'il. This Mexico, and ijo N. E. of Campeachy. Lon. 8q. 15. W. lat. 20. is. N. Merida, a town of S. America, in New Granada ; feated in a country a- botjnding with all kinds of fruits, 130 miles N. E. of Pampeluna. Lon. 71.0. W. lat.' 8.'>. N. MEitioNKTiisHijiE, a county of N, Walts, b"u:-. !.d on the N. by Carnarvon- fliire and I)tnbighrtiire, on the E. by the dence of the bilhop latter county and that (i Montgomery, 47, 4s. N. r t. 1 on tl>t S. by a (mall part of CardiganlUire, Mertola, a ftrong town of Portugal, and ra the VV. by the Irifh Sta. It ex- in Alentcju. It was taken fr .m the M ors ands 36 miles from N. to S. and ii 34 in 1139, and is f-i'.ed near t.'ie river Gi;a- widc in its brpadeft part. The face of diano, 60 miles S. of Evon. md 100 S. E. this county is varied throughout with a of Li (ban. Lon. 7. 40. W lat. 37. 1°-^- moft rom'ntjc mixture of afi the peculiar Merton, a village n:;ar Oxfotrd, fi- fcenery btloPj^ing to a wild and nwun- tuated near two milrxry ways. There tainouj region. Lefs dreary than Car- were intrencbments in the nwii>;h')ouring Uatvonihjre', being much better clothed woods, fuppifed to he thrown up by king "y^ith w'ood.'it is not Id's fertile in nbjtiSs Eihtlred, of thcD.n>i, wh. in he defeated that inipref" the .i.ind wjth aftonifhment in 871. and awe. The ^jrincipal rivers are the Pee atid Dovy y and it lias a great moun- tain, rhe,,Ca(fci i:;is, one wf the higheft in Wales. M-Tionitlifiure contains fix ' iuedreds, fqurfljafken-towns, 37 P,a»tti«Sj * MERTOtf, a village of Surry, feated on the river Wan die. It had a celebrated abbey, founded in the reign of Henry I. in which feveral important tranfa£lions took places particularly, at a parliamenc ■ ■ held M E R le memlici to parliamfni. Hif- apital. rti, Mehitch, or Mf.r- iinportnnt fortrcfn ami ciiy of ot Hinilonftan, fituatrd ntar k. of the river K.iftna, about :o . of Vifi.iptmr, It w;w taken MIy ill 177<. a river nl Aiiftrian Briibanr, ning N. by Breda, aftirward ind falls into one of the iimuihi :r Maefe, ippofite the ifland of , in Holland. a ftronj; town of A(ia, in tiie if Pfgii i 140 miles S. W. of f Pegu. Lon. 98. 36. E. lit. ', a town of Pcrfia, in Korarm. d in a delightful fertile coiin- proiiiiccs I'alt, and is iii miles Jokhiira. Lon. 64. 25. E. lat. See Bkrwickshirk. lURO, .1 town of Germany, in of Upper Saxony, and in Mif- i bidiop's fee. It belongs to the Saxony, :md has a Lutheran bi- is lc:ited on the river Sa'a, 10 f Halle, and ;6 N. W. of Dicf- . 12. 6. E. lat. 51. iS. N. isF.v, a river of England, the between Chefhire and Lanca- bove Stockport, it receives the lower down, the Irwell ; JinJ y M;»iichefter and Warrington, I Iiilli Sea below F.iverp'iol. This only Hll'irds falnion, but is vifittd tl flioals of fmelts, here called of a remarkable fize and Ba- PURO, a town of Germanv. in of Suabia, and bifliopric of Con- ;cUcd on the N. fide of the Like E, and 1 1 miles from the town of le. It IS the ulual pl.ice of refir the bWhop. Lon. 9. 26. E. lit. I. , roLA, a ftrong town of Portugal, :ju. It was taken fr .m the M ors and ib f-i'.ed near the river Gi;a- I miles S. of Evon md 100 S. E. 1. Lon. 7- 40. W. lat. 37- 70.N. rON, a village n^.'ar Oxford, fi- ear two mill^^ry wavs. There trenchments in the nwii;;h'iou'ing uppifed to he tfjrown up by king I, Of the D .Ov i, wh. m lie defeated :rtoN, ■•■ village of Surry, feated iver Wandle. It had a celebrated aunded in the reign of Henry I. h feveral important tranfaSlions iccj particularly, at a parliament held M E S M E T -TT 1 held here, in mft, were enaf^cd the fa- and ftrong tity of Sicily, m the VaUdi- nioiisi>roviriuiii of Merton (the mott ancient Dcmona, "ith a citadel, kvorjl fons, a body of li«s lifter M.igna ChartaJ and the fpacious liarl)oiir. :ind an archhilhop s lee, barons Bavc th.it CLicbratcd anKver to ilie It 1. about tive miles in circumfnrcnrc,ana clcrEV, " Nolumiii Ugei Miuut 6o,oco inhabitant-.-, The harbour, lurround the rrtnotcs, which are built of whofe iiu.iy is above a milem length, is one flint are Bt.ulv tiuire. and include about of the fafeli in the Midiltrrnnean, and in 60 acres Ui.on the Cut: of this abbev »u the form ( f a half moon. It is live miles t vo calico uianuf;i(nories, and a copptr. m circumference, and extremely deep, mill- and ab lilt ir.00 pcilons are now The viceroy of Sicily n lulcs here fix employed on i lp"t once the ihode of mo- ni .nths in the year ; and it is a place of naftic indolence. Merton is fevcn miles great trade in hlk, oil, fruit, corn, and ex. S VV of London. tellcnt wine, elpeciillv fiiicc It has been IM 1 n V I- , the rf>rth branch of the river Mat L, I" w ich tli5 tity of Rotterdam, in IlolliiU'l, IV (cited. [V1i;h>'IUI I- a town of Fmnce, in the deprtnment of the N irth .ind late province of Frincli Klanders. 1' is ...utu on the river Li'f, 10 i/des from Caflel, and 24 S. \V. o^ Menin. Lon. 2. 4j. E. lat. jO. ■ 57- N. MKSA-nr, AsTA, formerly a large town of Spain, in Anl.iUiiia, feated on the riviT Guadileta, between Aicos and Xcres de |-.« Frontera ; nut now m'.y a large heap of ruins. Here the Arabs con- quere.l lloderic, the laft king of rlic Goths, and by tli.it viitory became mailers of Snain, in 713. Mtscnti), a confidcrnb'c town of Pcr- fia, in the province ot K.or,i:"an. It is for- tified villi fcverai t'.wirs, und is famous fur the mai'iiifii-cnt fepulchre of Jman RUu. of tlie'fan,ily of Ali, to which the Terfians pay grtat devotion. It is feated on a mountain, in which are found hnc Turkey flonts ; is lio miles S. E. (-f the Cafpian Sea. Lon. 61. 20. E. Ur. ^7. 12. N. Mt-.sEM, a feaport of RulTia, in the t;o- d-cUred a free port. Tins place, in 178,1, futfcred much tiy an eartluiuake, which fliiolv great part of Cal ibria and Sicily tn'iuiir found iti ons, overturned nnny rich and populous towns, and buried thoiifandi in tliiir ruins. It Is feated on tht li.tddr, I 10 milts I'., of I'diermo, ift'> S. by E. of Rome, tnd iSo S. E. of Naples. Loo.. Is. -.0. E. lat. ^^. 10. N. > Mf.stkk, a town of Italy, in the do- j?;at!o of Venice, 1'. iiiilrs N. I'-, of Pad ua. Lon. 12. 2. E. lu. 4$. 26. N. "* Mesm'kata, a iVuport of the king- dom of Tripiili, in Africa. A caravan proceeds from this place to Fe/ian, and otiier intr ri'ir parts toward tlu' S. of Africa. It is ihz miles N. of Mourzook, Lon. I :;. q. E. lat. ^i. v N. MKTKLiN.an ill 111(1 of the Archipela- go, anciently trilled Lefbos, to the N. of Scio, and aiinoft at the entrance of the gulf of (Jueftro. Tlu foil of thi^ idand IS very good, and the mountain:; arc cool, bting covered with wood in many places. It prodiues good v.Iicat, excellent oil, and tlu belt litjs in the Anliijxhigo ; nor have their w iiies loft any thing of their ancient reputation. It is fiibj'.tt to the Turk>, vcrnment of Archanj^el, capital of a diC- and Caftio is the capital trift of the fame name, feated on the river Meftn, on the E. coaft of the White Sea, 160 miles N. of Archangel. Loo. 44. 2-,. E. lat. 6c. c,o. N. Mkskirk, a handfomc town of Gfr- many, in the circle of Suabia and cou-.-y of Furfienburg. It is 15 milts N. of Ul 1 r- lingcn. Rli ssA, a town of Africa, in the kmg- dom of Morocco and province of Sis, compofi:d of three fortified towns, which Mkthwoi. i>, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Tuefdav. It is i? miles N. W. of TlKtfovd, and bC N. N. E. of London. I.oti. o. 40. R. lat. 52. 34. N. Mki.tinc, a ftrong to.vn and ralllt ut they arc nUI lo umou ' il rnl)berj, that parrict i I M, a confidtrable town lich takes itt name from a catid to Oitni, tlic Ion of ,i;i.il in a t( rtile country, on iliutti). Lon. 4x. 57. E. lat. ^^■o, or A i) a vF.s, a river of in l^iiHiirniia, which cmpticii i; j^'ulf of Mexico, a town of N. Ameiici, ca- Spain. It was u Hounlhing : the Spaniards tnlrrtil the I was feattd on fevcral ilhnds, :rlakt, to which there was no )y tlircc caultwnys, above cngili each. It contained 10 lioiilts, with fevtral large 1 of rich itl.jjs, and three pa- thc emperor of Mexico re- are inlorined by the abbii n his Hiftory of Mexico, that ilesiraiis were brou;;iit tindtr ) the Colhuan ai;d Tep:>necan confined to the mifcrable little le lake of Mexico, they ceaCed ars to cultivate the land, be- had none, until neceflity and ^ether taught them to form ;lds and gardens, which floated rs of the lake. The mttiiod purfucd to tnake tliefe, ^nd ftill praflifc, IS extremely ley plait and twill willows and irfli plants rr other materials hich iire liKhf, but capable of lie earih of ilie j;arden firmly ion this foundation tlicv l.iy Jiics which float on the Like j , the mud and dirt which tlity ;he bottoiTi of the fime lake, liar figure is quadrangular ; 1 and breadth various ; but gC' are about eight perches lonj;, re than three in breadth, and m a foot of elevation above the the water, Thtfe were the which ih? Mexicpais owntil M E X ifter the fmmdation of Mciieo i ind there they firf* ■ ilrivatcd the mai/e, great pep- per, and . there lurprifini^lv ; the mud of the like is an extremely fertile foil, and requires ' o water from the clouds. In the lar^^jft j;ardens there is commonly a little tpc, and c.n a little hut to llielter the culti- vator and defend him from rain or the fun. When the owner of a ;;arden, or the el'iit,-ino perfons were drowned. This obliged the • " M E X Spsniardsto make a great conduit thrniifrh a mountain, in ord.r to unpiv the like \ wbuli being dopr, pait of the town tx. ijiiie I'eated on dry iind, without >' all>, or anv other de^'eiu ■. Mexico in fiioplied with iVefli wall r 'ly an a (ludu't of three miles in !in,;th. The S uii U do not make a tiath rirt <.f tiic i; ■ ibiiants, the others luing Nei^roes, Mutattoei, nitivt Aii.irieins, and a mixture if ihein all. It is ioo miles E. N. \:. of St. Juan dt IMhiii, on the golf of Mexico, uid Jto N. V. I)y N. f.f i\ loulco, o-i 1' .'ioutli Sea. LtJii. in. o. \V, laf. 19. 54 N. Mkxico, Oi,i>, or Niw Sp v, a lir;;c counirv of N. Ami ica, boiindcu on tin N. by New Mexic 1, on the K. by the gulf of Mexico and the At! oific Ocean, and I 11 the S. a: .1 W. liy S. America and the h uth Sea. It is 1000 miles in length, and from 60 to 6co in Dre.ulth, lyini; be- twei II S}" and i lo'' \V. Ion. and K" and V>* N. lat. It is divided into 1 3 province! the principal of which is li at of Mexico, and coMt.ii > mines of ).'old, filver, iron, and alum J befide . di.in-corn, caLbage- trtfs, cocoa-nuts, plantains pine-apples, cochmeal, .ind feveral other fruits, gums, and dru!;s , proper to the ciiiiia'e. Be- fore the Spaniardt came here, they had no animals of any kind exactly like th' fi in Europe. Tliev had ,1 (ort of do^s that ditl riot Inrk, uilt ho.eled like wolves ; and alio tii^ers, bears, elks, or moole (leer, pecaries, miilk-uoars, btavers, opol'uii'.s, armadillos, ginnas, flyin;; I'quir- rels, racoons, crocodiles, manatiorfea cowe, inonkie"!, parrots, macaws, pelicans, cor- morants, and I'/eat variety of tither birds, fnakes, 1c rpions, and other iiifcds. It i« governed ly a Spinilh viceroy, who ]• changed esery (iic years. Tli. Spanifh clergy are very numerous, and there is a jircat number of convents. They have not many fortified towns; and the be ft (f tl'.e ("caports have been taken and plur- dcred by a few bucc ira;.r-. In general, it is a mountainous coiiniry, intermixed with many rich vailies ; but the higlieft nioun- tains are near the coall of tlie Souili Sea, many of which are volcanoes. The eaftern fliore is a flat, level country, full of bop^ and morafl'es, overflowed in the raiiiy feafon, which is nt the lame time as our fiimmer. The hills between the moun- tains and the flat o unrry are heft in- habited, becaufe there the air is the mrfl temneratf. The revenues of the crowr, whi-. I are great, arifc fi.m a fifth part of the go! bro;t('. Ti>e !>ir is vtry temperate, and the foil generally fertile. It is iniiabittd by a greut number of people, whife Irinj^uHi^ce and Ci^ftoms are very ditftront : feme wun- cier about, and J"ome dwell in towns and villages. The principal of the Sptinilh ci.'Iouics are thole of St, Barbe, and Santa Fri the capital town. Mexico, a gulf of N. America, lying between the S. c.i,all of E. MoriJa and the N. E. point of Yucatan. Mkyenff.idt, a handfome town in the country of the Grifons, in the league of the Ten Jiirifdii'fViiins. It is feaitd on the Rhine, it) apieafant c'nmry, fertile in excellent .vine, 15 miles M, E, of Coirc. Lon. I). 36. E. lai. 47- *• N. Mezi''ks. a town of France, In the dcpirtPicnt of Ai'denncs and late provintj of Champa'ine, with a citrdc! ; )t;\ted on the river Wcufe, partly oi. ; hill, and partly i.i a valky ; iz tnllfis N. W. of Se- dan, and 117 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 4, 4S. E. lat. 49. 46. N. ■* Mezi.v, a finriU town of France, in the department of Lot and Garonne and late provii'ce of Giiienne ; icated in a countrv that ainiiiads in wheat ; with, vines, from wh'cli they principally make l)randv ; and with the cork-tree, which thev fei'. boih in its natural ftate, and in corks. It is nine miles N. W. of Con- dom. Mkzo, a town of Afia, in Proper Kati lia, fnrmeriv the fee of a bilhop; it is »5 if.ilts F,, of Mal-iZ/o. "Mt/.UR ADA, a cspe of Africa, nr t!;e cnalt of Guinea, 'i;c:weLri C:ipt Palnias and Tj.i^rin. '.viR/,'JRA!'A. a cap' of Africa, in the kingdom oFTiipDly, whith lit» U'.of tl'.c guh'ofSidra. ?.if;z,',ANO, a final; lake rf Italy, in the duchv of Cafir.-', a province in the terii- tory of 'A\i'- Cnurch. it is near Piiliano, and is the i'oircj of the River Olpita, •which w;ifhcs tne ruins of Callro, and falls jntfi the Fiota. WiA, or MijAH. 3 larc;c town of Ja. pan. in the province of Ovry, featcd on the S. k.'>aft of the ifle of 'Niphcn, with a fonlfitd p.'.-i-cc. Lon. 135. 4c. E, lat. 35. 50. w. MiCHA, a cape of Dslmatia, which ad- vances into the gulf of Venice, near the town of Zara. MicHAKL, St. a ftrong town of the ifland of Malta, feated on a rock, and fe- paratcd from the main land by a ditch. MicHAEi,, St. a borough of Cornwall, which his neither irnrket nor fair, ft ii eight niil^, S. W. of St. Coh.imb, and 241) W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 51, W. lat. 50. 2?. N. ' MiCHAEi.. St. a confidcrable town of France, in the department of Meufc and late duchy of Bar ; remarkable for its hofpitr.l, and the rich library of a late ;]e- ncdiftine abbey. It ii feated en the river IVTeufe, 20 miles N. E. of Bar-Ie-duc, and 16^ E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 38. E. lat. 48. 5'- N, Mu-riELONiA, a country of Pruffia, which is a part of the circle of Culm, and feparated rro-.r. the other part by the river Dribents. it takes its pamefrum the caflle f Michclow. ' P.TiCHKJAN, a confiderable lake of N. America, whofe N. E. extremity com- municates with the N. W. end of Lake HuroT.. I,,' the jtrait of Michiliimackinac. ■ M K H 1 1, L I M A c K I N A (', a /'.rait of N. America, which unite the Likes Mlchi- gan and Huron, and lies in about S:;'^ W. lon. and 4^" N. lat. It is rcmaikable, tluu aMicugh there is no diornal Hood or 'hSto c perceived in the vvatcrs of thi^ liriiit, , et, irom an c.^aft attention tp their ftate, a pcrindic;il aluraiion in iheni has been dillovercd. It has been obferved, that thi;v life bv almoft impercuptihle de- grees, till in fevcn years and a half they had reached the heigiit of abmit three feet; and, ir the fame fpac; of tiire, they gra- dually ;'cii to their former (late ; fo that in 1 ^ years t.,ey had completed this incxpli- caSlc revolution. MiODLEnuRG, a large, hand(^:me, rich, and throng corr.mercial town of the United Provinces, capital of the ifinnd of W;ilc!iercn,a!id of all Ze. '.and. Thefquarcs and public buiklings are magnit'rent. It has a communication with the fca by a c:mai, whi.-.h will bear the largeft vcffcls. 'I,t ir }.o miles N. E. of Bragis, 30 N. W. of (ihent, and -2 S. VV. of Amfter- ds:n Lon. 3. 39. F,. lat. 51. 31. K. MtPOiHiiURc;, a to'vn of iIk Nether- lands, ill Inlanders, which belongs to the prince o^ IflTenghein. Lon. 3. 2.6. E. lat. 51. I ;. N. ■ MrDiji.F.nut^r.. Sec Eoca. RliniJLLSiiX, a county fif Enii;!.ind, hounded on the N. by Hertfordfiiirc ; on the E. by ElTcx ; on the S. by Surry, and H coiner of Kent ; and on the W. by Bu«king. rm0t!nm M I D<^ gulf of Venice, near the St. a ftrong town of the , feated on a rock, and fe- e main land by a ditch. 3 r. a borough of Cornwall, ler irinvket nor fair. It h ,V. of Si. Columb, and 149 .ondon. Lon. 4. 51. W. [.. St. a confidcrable town the department of Mi-ufc of Bar ; remarkable for its ,ie rich library of a late ile- r. It ii fcated en the river »s N. E. of Bar-le-dut, and s. Lon. 5. 38. E. lat. 48. JiA, a country of PruIIia, C of the circle of Culm, and ; the other pirt by the river takes its pame from the clow. AN, a confulerable lake of vhoCe N. E. extremity con.- h the N. W. end of Lake : itrait of Michiliiniackinac. LtMACKiNAC, a ilrait of N. ich iiiiiti; . the L;ikcs Michi- 11, and lies in about S:;'^ W. N. Lit. It is rcn..ii kiblc, thtre is no diiirnal Hood or ccivcd in tht viators of thi^ rom an crn6i attention tp ptrioditrJ alUTa-Lion in thcni )vcrcd. ft has been obferved, : bv almoft imperc!;ptibic de- even years and a half they had heigri't of abiiit three feet; nie'^fpacc of time, they gra- their former ftate ; fo that in f had completed this intxpli- ion. U'RG, a large, handfcme, ^ns"- corr.mercial town of the iiiccs, capital of the ifi^.nd of md of all Zc. '.and. Thefquarts Mings are magnit'.rent. It M I n M I L Buckingham Hiirc. It is one (T the IcA Hidmiond, .ind i^i; N. N. \V. n( Loq- uinlcation \vith the fca lea !•>>■ a ft vcHcls. wiil bear the lars^e les N. E. of Bragis, 30 N. It, and 71 S. \V. of Amftcr- 3. 39. E. lat. ;i. -51. 'N; in;Rc;, a to^vn of th^; Ntther- mdcrs, which belongs to the renghein, Lon. 3. i6. E. lat. T.riivRr.. See Eooa. ,si;x, a county of Rr.i^Vind, the N, by Hertfordihire ; on Effr.x ; on the S. by Surry, I- of Kent ; and on the W. by Butking- counties in England, being only aboit 21 miles from E. to W. and 17 Irom N. to S. bur it is much the richtO, and pays more taxes than any ten bcfidc. It ton- tains 126 parilhes, bcfule London, and four market-towns, and lends tight mem- bers to parliament. The air is healthy ; but the foil, in general, being a lean gravel, it is naturally a diftrift of little fertility ; though, by means of the vicinity to the metropolis, many parts of u arc converted into nch beds of manure, clothed with al- inoft perpetual verdure. Ther; arc ftill, however, very cxtenfive tradts of f.nculti- -ated heath. Refule the Thanius, the Lea, and the Coin, which are its boun- daries to the S. the S. E. r.nd thi; W. Tvliddlcftx is watered by levcral finall ttreams; one of which, cnlitd the New River, is artificially brought from Am- well, in Herts, f'r the purpufe of fupplying Londor. with water. Indeed, the whole county may be contiderid as d dcmelne to the metropolis, the land being laid out in t.aidens, patlures, and inclo- furcs of all forts, for its convenitnc* and lupport. See Nkw Rivrii. * MiDDLETOS, a fiourifiiing com- mercial town of N. America, in the ftate of Connefticiit, feated on the W. bank of the river Connecticut, i> miles S. of Hart- ford. It is the principal town of the county of Middlefoc. * IVIiDDt-KTOWN'. a town of N. Ame- rica, in the fiate of New Jerfey, and ad- ioining the town of ShrcvHitirv, in the countv of Monmouth. Sandy Hiok (.0 called from its Ihape and foil) is included in this townfhip. On the poi.it of the Hcok ftands the ligtithoufe, 100 fvet hiuh, built by the city of Nev Yoik. Middletown is 50 miles E. by N. of Trenton, and 30 S. W. by S. of New Yor-k. MiDDLE'.vMCH, a town of Chcfu.re, with a market on Tuefday. It i.> Co called, I'scaufe it fiands betvveen Naniptwicli aiid Korthwich; is feated on the river Crokf, and is a large place, but is chiefly noud for its fah-pits, and making fin f.i'r. It is 24 miles E. of Chcfier, and 167 N. W. of London. Lon. i. 30. W. lat. ^3. 13. N. IMiDHt'RST, a borough of Sufiex, with a market on Thurlday. It is feated on the river Arun, which almoft furnmnds it ; (t miles N. by E. of Chichefter, and ;o W. by S. of London. Lon. o. 46. W. lat. ^i. o. N. MiDLAM, a town in the N. riding of Yorkfliire, wirlv a market on ^^;)nd^y ; fcated •tt the river Urc, iq niiics S. of dijii. Lon, I. 3;. \V. lat, i;4. 17. N. IVI I Kt: H A L' , or M I E « A V .\ , a handfomc town of Poland, in Ciijivia, leatcd on the river Viftula, 10 iiiilcs from Thorn. Lon. iS. ,1.0. E. lat. '.I. 5S. N. IMniUi-.i,, S r. a town of S. America, in Ptru, and in the goveraiiient of Quito. It is the firl\ colony the S!)aniard.v )en» into tliis coimtry, and is leated at the mouth of the riv'.r Citaniayo, 125 miles W. of Q^ito. Lon. So. 5c. W. lat. 5< o. S. MiGt'F.L, St. one of the Azore;; or Wefternlflands, about 5a jniies in length. It contains a great deal of land fit for tilling, but is much fubjetl to earth([uakes, Punta del G.-'.do is tha capital town. Lon. IT. 3-. W. lar. 37. 47. N, W I CUE I, St. a town of N, America, in Ncvv Spain, and in the province of Cuitiinala, fc-ited on a fmill river, i5o miles fiotn Guatinjula. Lon. S7. 45. \V« lat. 1;. 2 V N, Mii,\N, a city of Italv, cai-iital of a du':hy of the fame name. It was the an- cient capital of Lombardy, and is the largeft city in Italy, except Rome; but. although it is thought rather to exceed Naples in fize, it does not contain above one half the number of inh:i'-it;uits. It i» fiaied in a delit',htful plain, between the rivers Adda and Ttfin. It is ah ,ut 10 miles in circumference, and called by the Italians, Milan the Great. The chief in- habitants are rich, and difcended from the moft ancient houl'es. Tiiere is no place in Italy, nor perhaps in Europe, where fnrtign-jrs arc received in fuch an eafy hoi- pitable m;inncr as j>.t Milan. Tnerc are many fiat pilaees, but lh:it uf the governor is tile moll magni:icent. Th.-Tre are a grei.t r.omper oi cluirches, convents, ho'- pitals, and fchools, Ti^e cathedral is the line'l Unitturc. being 5-0 feet long, loo broad, and /^oo hi.^h. ft ftands in thectn- trt. of the city, and, next to St. Peter's at r.om'e, is the moft ccin'ideiablc in Iralv. No church in Europe is lb much lo.v.kd, and, fonie vvitiiid iav, disfrnircd with ornament. The number of ftathes, within and with. our, is prodijiious ; they arc all of marble, and n^any of them fincl,' wroug'u. T'tui vaft fi'oric, which the Milanei',: csll the eis'hth wonder of the worM, is not ilinply, encrufltd (which is not unconn'ioni'i Iiaf-) but entirely buih of r«)!id white msrhlia, and fupported bv ;o c able commerce of the inhabitants is in grain (efpecially rice), cattle, and cheefe, which thev export ; and they have manu- faftorits of filk and velvet ftiifts, ftockings, handkerchiefs, ribands, gold and filvcr lices, and embroideries, woollen and linen cloths, glafs, and earthen ware in imitation of China. Milan has been lev';ral times taken and r"taken in the wars that have defolated Italy. It is the fee of an arch- bilhop, and is 35 miles N. W. of Cal'al, 70 N. of Genoa, 71 N. E. of Turin, 145 N. W. of Florence, and 270 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 9. i6. E. lat. 45. i8. N. Milan, the uuchy of, aconfider- able country of Italy, bounded on the N. by Swiflerlam' and the country of the Grifons ; on the E. by the republic of Venice, and the duchies of Parma and Mantua ; on the S. by the duchy of Parma i'.iui the terri- tory of Genoa ; and on the W. by Pied- mont and Montferrat ; being i ;o miles in ,, length, and 7S in breadth. The foil is * every where fertile in corn, wine, fruits, rice, andol-.cs : there is alio plenty of cattle. The rivers are the Secchia, Tcfirn Adda, and OgUo. There are likewii^ fevcral lakes, the three prmcipal of whicH are thofc of Maj;giore, Conio, and Luga- no. Tliis country having; forn)cily been pofTcflcd bv the French, next by the Spaniards, and afterward by the Germans, ,., the troops if vhofe nations ha\e, in the different periods of their refidence, pro- •: duccd a ityle of uianntrs, and ftamped a charafter, jn the innabitants of this duchy, dirtermt from what prcv.il-. iij any other part of Italy; and nice obl'trvers im:iiDemona. h lo the upper and lower town. Is very ftrong, and the lower Jiiare, with a fuperb fountain. |on a rock, on the wcllcrn ly of the fame name, 13 miles |na. Lon. 15. 34. E. ht. jti. In-Port, a borough of So- which has no market. It i^ )ranchof the river Parret, i1 S. of Salilbury, and 1 1 5 W. ulon. Lon. 1. 3S. VV. lat. 50. HALL, a large and populous ftblk, with a market on Fri- eated on a branch of the river handfome church, with a high miles N. by E. of Ne-vinar- N. N. E. of London. Lon. . 52. 19. N. , an ancient town of the king- p!cs, with a bifliop's fee, five Nicotcra. ORD, a town of N. America, of Delaw;u-e, and county of /hich it is the little emporium, at the fource of a fmall river, rom the bay of Delaware, and hiladelphia. to Haven, a deep inlet of ea, on the coalt of Pembroke- . Wales. It branches off into reeks, fecured from all winds, deemed the fafcft and mod ca- •bour in Great F.ritain. It' re-' tion, however, greatly impsirs Men of war, indtcci, are fomc- here, and forts have been defend the harbour. Here the hmond, afterward Henry VII, his entcrprife again ft Richard Hers are found in confidcrable in this bay. crcfted it into a principality in favour 6f the duke of Marlborough ; but it retuincd to the houfe of Bavaria, by the trearv of Raltadt. It is 30 miles S. £. of Ulnu L m. ic+i. E. lat. 48. 3. N. MiNDEN, a confidcrable town of Ger- many, in tl) circle of W'cCph .lia, and cspiral of a terrii 'Tv of the fame n:inie. Jt is feated on the nvi.r Weler. which ren- ders it a trail J / place, Ni-ar t."is town, prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick tofjily de- feated the Frcnth marfhal Contadts.'nivj^. It is fubj^t to the king cf Prufiia, and is is J, nn!cs E. by S. of Of-'-akirgb. nnd „ \V. of Hanover. Lon. .;. 5- ^- "f- ''m^npoua, an i(1.*n.l of Ar,a, in the Eaftern Ocean, one of the Plnhpp-nes, ;o n„les incircumr.renre.ancl f^P^ra^d from Luconiaby 3 narrow dianncl. It .. fu,l of .uountJins. which abound .n pa m- trce., and all forts of truu. The inhabit- ants are Tag .US, and pay tnbutc to the Spanirirds. , e e 1 . Mis'EHF.AD. a borough of Somcr!et. ihire, with a market on Wedne.da>v and a very i'ooA harbour on the Briftol Chan- Bel, for flups of large burden. Ir car- ries on fome tr.de to I^' ^'"i^-,^"'! '^ ^•, mlesN.of Exeter, and.6,\\.byS^of Gordon. Lon. ^34-W.lat. 5...i.N. MiNr.REi.iA, a pr.v.nce o Aba, >vhich m-.kes part of Georgia ; bounded ■ on the W. by the Black Sea; on the fc. by Imeritia ; on the S. by a part^of Geor- Kta;urdon the N. by Circaffi.. It ,s loverned by a prince, who is tributary to fhe fovereign of Imer.t.a. The face of this country, its produas, and the cufton.s and manutrs of tie inhabitants, ait hnu- lar to ihoie of Georgia, which .ee._ ,MiKHO, a river of Spain, which_lias St; fource in O ilieia, near Caftro del Rey. Ir runs S. W. and palTe. by Lugo, Or- tenfe, and Tey ; after which udivuks Galicia from Tortu'ial, and fahs into .tie Atlantic Ocean at Caminha. MiNiATO, St. an cpilcopa! town ot Italy, in Tufwny -, feated on the river Arno,zptniles,S.W. of Florence. Lon. 10. 46. E. lat. 43- 40- N. MrNORRiNo, a fmall town of the khiedom of Naples, with a bifliop 5 iec, -6 miles N. of Cirtiua. Lon. 16. 19. t- ^"'mInoJca, 8:o"'^^crableinnndofthe Mediterranean, '; w^ sO miles to the ^ E. of Majorca. It is about 50 rrnlc^ m leVigth.and i. in breadth, and ch.erty va- luable for its excellent oarhour. It is a l„ountrvi„ous country, wuh feme fruitful tallies, where there are excellent muks. Citadellaisthc capital, befuk which there are Port-Mahon, L.*hor, and Mcrcad.l. Jt was taken by the Englifc in i-oS, and lonfirmed to \hem by ^ the tretty o Utrecht. The French tooK u '[I ' ^^^-''"'"^ it WIS rcfto /d to the Enghlh by the Sea e of ,763. ^^^ was retaken by the Spaniards the lart war. and connrmed to them by the peace of I'/Ss- , , , * M.NORi. a town of the kmgdmi. o Ksples. ^vith a bilhop's !>.. It is feared IXt gulf of Sal.rno, betwcui cwn of Germany, irj the ;arle 'f Su.^hi:, and duchy of Wir- lemhurg, vith a handfomc caflle. Lon. Cj. :5 V E- 'at. 48. St'N. Mis SKI, a town of Lithuania, ca- pital of a palatinate of the I'lme name, with two citadels, one of >\ hith is 'tatcd in a morafs, and the other commands the town. It is ^5 miles S. E. of Wilna. Lon. 26. 4?. E. lat. 54- »t-N. MiN'bKi, ?. palaiinate of Lithuania, It ii pretty fertile, ,u.d ih.'i • arc forcfts con- taining vaO numbjvsot i.'tes, whofe honey makei part of the riches of the rouni'V. There are many Jcwr, who have the lame rights ns the native inhabitants, and are employed in trade and the praftice of phy- fic. Mii^lANS, a fortrefs of France, mthe department of the Lower Alps and late province 6f Provence. It is fctcd on a craggy rock, in the valley of Barcclo« netta,' f'x miles N. E. of Montnielian. LQn.6.20. E. lat. 45. •5 5.N- . •' MiOGS, a lake of tJorWay, in the province of Hcdemarke. It extends from N. to S, nnd is 80 miles in circumfe- rence. It is divided by a large penin- fula, is froni 12 to 18 miles in breadth, and contHiv> an ifland about 10 miles in circumference, fertile in corn, palhire, and wood, and Iprinkled with fcvefal farm- houses. MiQUELETs, a name given to the Spaniards, who inhabit the Pyrencan: mount-ins on the irontiers of Catalonia and Ar-.tgor„ apd ''ve by robbing. Mi^'JFf.os, a fmall deiert lUand to the S W. of Cape May in Newfound- land, ceded to the French by the Rea" of i';6j, for drying and curing their fifli. They were difpoffeffcd of it by the Eng- (rlifli in 1793. Lon. 56. 10. W. lat. 46. 42. N. MiRAKDE, a town of France, in the department of Gers and late province of Gafcony, feated on an eminence, near the river Baife. Wool, down, and tht; feathers of gcefe, arc its principal arti- cles of commcrre. It i> 15 m.ilts S, W. of Auth, and t40 ?• W. of ParSs. Lon. o. ».6. E. lat.43- 3''- N. MiiiASPF-DF.-EBito, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, with a ftrong caftle ; (cE'»d in a Country that produces excellent wine, on both fi'de-* of the river Ehro, which runs through it under a haud- fomebikl/c. It is ^ miles S. of Bilboa, and if.0 N.of Madrid. Loi). j. 10. VV. lit. .u 44- "^^f- „ ft WmAM)0-:u.-r :n;f.RO, a ftront; to An 6i Portugjl, capital of the pro* ^'^;7^i^:^''-N. :>F.-DF,-EBno, a town of Id Caftile, with a ftfong cafllc ; Country that produces excellent lOtli fi'des of the river Ebro, ; through it under a hand- ;. It is t4 milts S. of Bilboa, ■ of ivladrid. Lot), j. to. W, N. ^o- iu.-D-)t;f,RO, a ftronr; Porti'ijjl, capital of the prO'' 3ni*«<»?»»>- MIS province of Tra-los-Mon(';j, with a bi- lliop's fee. It is \vcli fori.;icd, a, ,1 fia-td Tin a r>ick, m.i'r tl'C connucnc.' oi th'- Doucro.'.nd Fiel'na, ^7 niilrs N. W'.of Sa- lamanra, and ;o!i N. by K. if Lifl) .n. Mir AN'DoLA, a Urge town of I«a'y, capital of a Huciiy of die fame name. It has a itron^ citaJe! and .1 fort, is fuD- j'-tt to the houfc of Aultria, and a 10 rnilcs N. E. of MoJena. MiitECEA", a''i.>wn of France, in thi department of Vicnne and hte province of l\.iiou. Jt is famous for the utauty and lirerunh if the afTcs which .rs en- virons produce. It is 16 miles N. of Poitieib, and irs S. W. nf Paris. MiKECouRT, a ronlideral)le town of -^ IVI O C ■"-"'■' ''■""'' Mrssis'jrprr, a mvc^, N Ai-nt..\:a, vlucli is liieriicat rvlervcir ■! ti.e '..iters of the Ou'.'i >-.nd Llinois from thu- E. and of the Mill 'uri, and other rivers, frfin th.: \\'. its (.jur^t is unknown; but its lci;gth,toits entrunci into tliugulf of Mex- ico, IS lupp-^ffd to be upward i^i joootnilts. It IS ti.e eailcmbuunaary i,r Loii'C.huj. In this river, in lat. ^4. 30. N. ;.rc the falls of Si. Anthony, where the v\ hole nvtr, " h.ir.!. IS ivijre :han 250 yaids wide, iails pcrpvndir'i: nly about 30 ftti ; Uut tt:e moll I'twiarkablc cirt-umlVmce is, that thi;/ are apprf-i^ctianlc, w'uhout the !ck;1 obfln'C- tionf.-amany intervening inil irprecip'ce. Mr.W(-'jHi, a river of N. AiiitT'ca, w'lol,: friurce is unkntwn. It i jins the 1 Fiautc, in the ilt^ irtnient of tiie Vofges N':Hiliippi m lat. 39° N. but is a 1 vjcr ar.d lati. provime of Lorriin, famous for iis violins, and '.ine l.iccs. It isfeaitidon the river jModon, 27 miles S. of Nimci, and 30 S. E. of Tou!. A'liREMON'r, a town of France, in 'he departuH'iit of Durdoyne and late pro- vincc of Peri;;r.rd, near the river Vizcre, libout 15 miles E. of lierj.crac. Near it, is a rerrarl<. N, M(>n\r/., a town of Lower Hungary, in the county of T. iraniwar, feated at the conHucnce of the Danube and Coralfc, 17 miles N, VV. of i'.ffetk. Lon. 19. 56. E. lav. .|.^ ^(>. N. * Mohawk 'River, a river of N. America, which riles to the N. of Fore Stanwix, in the ftate of New York, paifci by that foit and Skinr.ttady, and empties itfelf,by two niouilis, into Hudfcn's River, eight miles above Albany. About two iniies abo^ c its jiini^ion with that river, it has a caaraft, where the whole ftrcam, 100 yards wide, falls perpendicularly about 70 feet. M0HU.1.A, or MoHii.iA, one of the Como.'alflandi, between the N.end of the idand of Madagafcar and the continent of Africa. The inland parts are mountain- ous and woody, and there are villages fcattered here and there, v.-hofe houfcs are made of reeds and ftiaw. The people are blacks, with great i;eads, In.-ge lips, flat nofes, Iharp chins, and ftrong limbs. Tiicy go quite nakc-", except only a few leaves. Their Ikins are cut and pricked, fo as to make ftveral figures on all parts of their bodies. Some of the inl abitants arc Mahometans, who have a few wretched mofques, built of wood and llraw with- out, and matted neatly within. This ifland abounds in animal, fuch has buffaloes, goats, tortuifes, hens, large bats, and came- lions ; and it produces plenty of rice, peafe, honey, cocoa-nuts, plantains, oranges, le- mons, citrons, pine-apples, cucumbers, tamarinds, and fugar- canes, There art feveral fine ftrcau.::, and the gr;.!'> and trees are green all the year ; in lliort, it ii a kind of paradifc. The cattle here are called buft iloes, becaufe they have a great bunch on their fhoulders ; but, in other refpefts, they are not like thofc of the E. Indies. Here are a great number of bird-:, whofc names are not known in Europe. Lon. 45, o. E. lat. 1 1. 5 5. 3. " MoHii.KF,agovernnient ofthc Ruf- fian empire, containing iz diftrii'.ts, partt/f Lithuania, dlfiiieinbercU tiom Poland, by the puruiiun treaty of 1772. MOIIILEF, M O H ,\T Hii-i.s, the hightft mou- S. of Scotland. Tlicy occupy I prirt of the diftrift or Annan- iifrirafhirc ;and from llicfc de-. iTciciit direftlions, the Twetd, 1 Annan, whole loUrces are ftnnt 1 rom fach other, on, ;in ifli'.nd and caftlc of the kiiigdoBi of Morocco, ncnr m. Thtrc are mines of gold n one i-f the mountains. Lon. It. 31. 3-^. N. /., a town of Lower Hungary, ity of I] .r.-iniwar, featcd at the of the D:inu)ie and Coralfc, 17 vV, of EKTeck. Lon. 19. 56. E. N. AvvK River, a river of N. whicli rifts to the N, of Fort ill the ftiue of New York, p:iire* rt and Skciic.ttady, and empties wo mouths, into Hudfon's River, above Albany. About two ve its jun^ion with that nvcr, I'liraft, wlierc the whole ftrcam, wide, falls perpendicularly about .i.A, or MoHii.iA, one of the landi, between the N.tnd of the Mudagafcar and the continent of The inland parts are mountain- woudy, and there are villages here andthci-c, v.-hofe houfcs are ceds and lliaw. The people arc ■ith prcat neads, la.-ge lips, flat rp chins, and ftrong limbs. Thty nakc^, except only a few leaves, ns are cut and pricked, fo as to eral figures on all parts of their Some of the inhabitants are ans, who have a few wretched built of wood and llraw with- matted neatly within. This ifland in animal's, fuch has buA'aloes, tuil'cs, hens, large bats, and came- d It produces plenty of rice, peafe, )co.i-nuts, plantains, oranges, le- itrons, pine-apples, cucumbers, s, ard fugar- canes. There are iiie ftrcau.i;, and the gr;i'> and green all the year ; in (liort, it i; ■ paradife. The cattle here are ft ilues, becauie they have 1 great I their (boulders ; but, in other they are not like thofc of the E. Here are a great number of bird« unes are not known in Europe, o. E. lat. 1 1. 55. 3. iHiLKF, agQ\Lrnnient <.fthe Ruf- ire, coniam'iig i-^ Jiftrifts, part t/f :i, difmttr.bereU hom Poland, by lion treaty of 1771. MoillLSF, M O L MoHTT.Kr, a popnloir; and well built town of Lithu uiia, in the R'lHi m govern- ment of the fame name. It has a con- liderablc trade, and is ("eatei! on the Dnie- per, 35 milts S. of Ortza. Lon. 31. i. E. lat. 53- 30- N. . , . ^ MoissAC, an ancient and rich town ot France, in the departutent of Lot aid late province of Qi^arci. It has a great trade in corn and Hour, and is feated on the Tani, near the Garonne, 13 miles N. W.of Mont- jiid)aii. Lon. i. ly. E. lat. 44. 6. N. 5I01.A, an ancient town of the king- dom of Naples, feated on the gulf of Ve- nice, 14 miles E.of Hari. Mold, a neat little town of Flintdiire, in N. Wales, where the aflizes arc held. It is five miles S. of Flint. Moldavia, a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N. by Polmd, from which it is alfo divided on the N. E. by the river Dniefter; on the E. by New RuHia ; on the S. E. by BelTarabia ; on the S. by Bulgaria, from which it is parted by the Danube ; on the S. W. bj; Walacliia ; and on the W. by Tranfyivania and Hun- gary. It is z/o miles in length, and 210 in breadth. The principal rivers are the Pruth, Moldau, and Bardalach. The foil is rich, and it abounds in good paftures, which feed a great number of horles, oxjii, and (hcep : it alfo produces corn, pulle, hoticy, wa.f, fruits, with plenty of game, filh.and fowls. The inhabitants areChril- tians of the Greek church, and Jafly is the principal town. Tiie Turks oblige the prince, who is appointed by them, to' piv a heavy tribute, and to raifc a large body of troops, at his own expence, in time of war. * Mole, a mountain of Savoy, which, from its height and fine llopiug peak, is an objeft of great beauty, when fecn froip the lake of Geneva. At its foot is the t'lwu of Bonneville, 10 milci S. of Geneva. Mole, a river, which rifes in the S. part of Surry, runs N. to Barking, and palfing beneath Box Hill, is generally be- lieved to difappear in its vicinity, and to rife again near Leatherhcad. From this circumftance it is Cuppofed to derive its name. But the fa6^ is, that a trade, of foft ground, near two miles in length, called the Swallows, in very dry fealbns, abforbs the wafte water in caverns in the fides of the banks ; but not fo as to prevent a con- ftant ftream from taking its courfe in an open channel above ground, winding round in the vallies from jDafking to Lcathcrhcad ; though not of tha^Sixadth as when it crof- fcs the road at Midfittham ; beyond which, at Burford Bril|:c, its channel, in very Jiot fealbns, ib fosn^timss dry. The Mule, M O L prorreding fiom Ltatlic'^cad to Cobham, enters the Thames at E. Muulley. • M01.F. OF St. NiouoLAs. Si.c Ni- cMoi. \s. Cape S :. MolfkIjA, a tovvn of the kingdom of Naples', with a b)(hor;'s fee ; feated on thr Hull of Venice, 10 milts N. U', of B in. Lon. 16. f,2. E. lat. 41. I'i. N. Ml) I i.VA, a jhong town of Spain, in New C illilc, fe.ited "u the river (Jh!;o, in a terririTV aDoundiiig in pallurta, 35 miles S. )•". of Sii;i:cii/d,"and E^ E N. E. of Madrid. Lon. i.$\. W. lat. 40. 50. N. . .4 Mf I :sn, a territory of Italy, in the kingilum of Naples, Iving between tne Tetra-di-Lavoro, Abruzzi Citerlore, the Capitinata, and the Princniato Uheriore. ■ It is in the f rin of- a triant;le, whole fides are 3 c) miles in length ; and is a moun- taiuous country, bur fertile in ccrn, wine, faflfron, and filk. The capital i» of the fame name. MoLi.sE, a town of the kingdom of Naples, capital of a territory of the fame name, but not populous. It is 50 milts N. of Naples. Lon. 14. 43. E. lat. 41, 36. N. MoLKN, a flrong town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony and duchy of Law enburg. Jt belongs to the city of Lubec, and is feated on the river Steki- net's, li miles E of Lawenburg. Lon. 10. ;o. E. Lit. 53. 38. N. 1 M:">LSHKIM, a t iwn of Franre, in the department of Lower P'line and la'c pro- vince of AI11' f, fe,ue^ in tlie river Bruch, 10 milvs from.Stralburg, and zz8 miles E. of P.iris. Lon. 7. 35. E. lat. :S. 3,'. N. Moluccas, or Sncr. Isla.sos, a cliifter of f 1 all iflands in the Eaftern Ocean, the laigeft not moie thandjo miles in circi>ufi rc-nce. The principal are Ten. ate. Ami oyna, Tydorc, Machian, Motyr, and Bachian. They are lituated between Gilnlo tn the E. and Celebes to the VV. They produce neither corn, rice, nor cattle, e\ct>pt goats ; but -hey h.i\i: ornngcs, lemo.is, and other fruits; and art m lA remarkable for (pices, efpe- ciallv d^wes. They have laree fnakes, which arc not venomous, but very dan- gcroui land crocodiles." The Dutch, who are'\ery rtrong hen-, ■. ep <,iut all other EiiroDcnn nations, being jealous cf -hrir fpice trade. The nitivc; .:rc idol.^tters : bu: there are many M'hometans. They u.re difcoverfd, in 1511, by the Portugueie, wtio fettled upou liie coall ; out t^e Dutch drove them aw^^ MoLwiTZ, a town of Silefia, in the province of Grotfka, ve'.narkable fota bat- tle which the Prullians gamed ovtr the Ff» Auftrisu4 M O N ;',. AMl*rlan!i 'n April 1741. Jt f: 4':' iriin S. (if Urtfla.v. Lon. 17. 14. E. l.u. 50. 13. N. MoMBAZA, a town nf Afvic.1, wi'li a callli. a'ld ;i tort ; li.itnl in imi lil unl ot tl f f.inu nnmc, on Uic ci-art of'Z.(i:,nii.bar, 70 mi'.cs S. cif Milindi, am fubjiit to I'-.- tuj^al' ll'.nce tl-.c I'virrugiiJc t\p.irt flivc, goiil, ivory, tire, I'tlti, and itlur prwinons, will) wiv.cli tiii;v liij^py 'Iv.- let- tltmcius ill Bi..!il. The kiii}., of iMs M O N ofR|nin, in Airi''ii. It is f.MtcJ at the coiilluincc ot the rivi.T) S'j^;i and .Ciiici, iix milt;;, S. of Ui.li^rirn, and 50 N. K. of Sar.iuolu. Lju. 0. »6'. H,. lat. 4:. -• N. MoNcos'TMiT', a town of IVance, in the dtpartniunt of lile ai J V.l.iinc at.J I.1IC pri'viuct: WlsTKH, an ancient town of Afri- ca, in the kingdom of Tunis, pleafanily ftated near the lea, 70 miles S. E. of the citv of Tunis. Lon. 11. 6. E. lat. 35. jc:n. MoNCALLiKR, a to«n of Italy, in Piedmont, feaicd on the river Po, five miles S. E. of Ti'.rin. Lon, 7, 48. E, lat. 45- ^- N. MoNt'.M.vo, a fmall, but flrong town of Italy, in Montferrat, i'eatcd on a moun- tain, 12 milts S. W, of Cafal. Lon. 7. 19. E, lat. 41;. ;o. N. MoNc; \ON, or MoszON, a ftrong town of Portu;',al, in the province of En- tre-Douero-e-Minho, with a lirongc^ftic. T'le Spani;>r^, of ISdaiwoN, .'.'ftron^ town Atnitiis. Lon. 2. 34. VV. lat. 49. 3y. N. MoNl>os'N'M)0, a town ot Sp^iin, in Gaiicia, with u iiiihop';. Cut ; feat'.d in a fertile c i.iiilry, on a Itiiall river, (u miles N. li. of Coinpultclla. Lon. 7. 10. W, lat, 45. 30. N. Mi'.v 1 jt'liLKAt', 4 town of Fiance, in tile deparlaieiu ■ f Loir and CIht an/, late province of I3;:ii..is, wiih a tallle, 13 miles N. of VeiulciTif:. M )N Dovi, a ronridcraljle town of Italv, in Piedmont, with a citadel, a uiiiverfuv aiid atiilliop's fee. It h ttie lar^cliand mod populous towa in Pieilmotit, and is liatedon a niountjiri, near the river Elero, ei>;ht milus N. V>'. of Ceva, and 35 S, E. of Turin. Lou. 8. 6. E. iat. 44, MoNiORTE, a town of P.)riui);nl, iii Beita, JO inih-; N. by F,. of Porvaicgra, Lon. 7. 21. W. lat. 2'h 3^- N. Most OR IK, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, 20 miles S. of Poitale^jra, Ljn. 7. 31. \V. lat. 3S. 47. N. ■'• M()v(,Hfi;, a large town of Hin- dooftan Proper, with an old fort, it i. gener:i!ly m.iJc a fhiiioii for part of the Englilli tro .t)s, and i, leatcd on the G-an- g«s, 1 19 miles E. by S. of .i.'.itna, and 275 i\. W. of Cjitutta. Lon. il^, 50. E. !ai. 2.. ,5. N. MonGlls, a people who inhabit a couniiy to the N. i.f Chitia. Tiicy ar3 of the r.iiTie ori[;in".l as iho'c who accom- panied Taiiierlir* in the coaqutll of f ndi.i, Periia, rind other tountries, and called in inofl hilforits Mjj^uIs. Toe country !» very little known, except th.it pait of it which the caravans pafs ti.ioL j;)) m travtl- lini; from Ru:iM to China. They are ge- nerally of a itiii'.dlc i'./c, but ftrnugl^ inaiie, with large f^iets, fiat noles, and their eyes black and Lrijc, Their complexion ;i M O N n Arri^^Mi. It H f;nrcJ at .nci; of \hc river. !i'jf;i and i-nik. S. (if DjllMdrc, aod 50 Sur:'.i,oIi'a. Lull. 0. «:'• ^- li'» ,^NT'H.i', a town of I'fsiKe, in rnv;nt oF l(ie at d V.l.inic aiii net; 1 1' Bii't;ignc, :?i) ii'ilts S. Mato. Ltn. z. 56. £. be. 4K. r(;o, a river rrf' PortUi;;^!, which iiicu iiciii" C'liiHidii, and eroding iVts 1)V C iiniji-H, and (M; i.'uo mic O. L,.ii, iK.ir a cape of tiie ■.'i.'iniRU, an ancii-nr town of n the d-'i-iiiruiieul it S.^nn^;; and ncc of Fnurdy. wiicri; tuc kings ; f'.)rmi;rly li d a pi!.iC(;. It is a inoiinl.iiii, :4 nulci S. F.. of L..11. 1. 34- W. l.it. 49.39- N. )ONN'fci)0, a town ut Sp:jiii, in with u bilhiip';. fct ; Itaud in a .iinrv, on H fdiall river, Oo niilcs f Colnpultclhi. Lun. 7. 10. W. 10. N. iHjt'iiLi.At', i town of Fiance, .pariincnr <.i Loir and Chtr aivl .rinci; of Blau'ib, with a tiilUf, 15 !!f Vcndomc. ;>ovi, a roiilidcrjUe town of Italy, iioMt, with a cii;:dfl, a lunvcrfuy hop's fct. It h inc lar^c:laiid molt s towa in Pitdiiioiit, and is n amoiintJin, luar the river Klcro, aiius N. W. cf Ceva, and 35 S, Turin. Lon. 8. 6. E. lat. 44, ■FORTE, a town ofPonuijal, iii 30 miles N. hv K. of Porsaltgra, II. W. lat. 39.' 32. N. ctORTK, a tuwu of Portugal, ir. ■0, zo miles S. of Portaleijra. , 31. \V. lar. 3S. 47. N. o.N'GHtii, a laigc town of Hiti- 1 Proper, with an old fort, it 1 Uv made a Uation for part of^tiii. :i"tro i)s, and ii featcd on the Gaii- 19 miles E. by S. of >.'atiia, and 17 S , of Cjl'-uua. Lo;i. iij. 30. E. !ai, NGLLS, a Yjeople wlio inhabit u y to the N.'.i'Ohiaa. Tliey ar.i 'fime on^!;iD-d ar, i,,o'e who accom- Taiiierhr^- m the ti. :p.']ueft of Indi i, , run) oiber euuiitriLs, and called m litlorits Maguls. 'I'ne eountry li li;t!c ki'.owr., except that part ot it the caravans pafs ti.ioi uh lu travel- •om RuiI'm to China. Tacy are gc y of a iv.ii'.Jlc r./c, bin ftroHgl)^ made, large faces, fiat nofes, a;u! their eyes u'lid iirge. Their coniptexioa ■■ tAV. nv, M O N tawny, their hair black an| 'coarrc, like htilc-luiir. and they rue it tl-le to the head, le..\in;;onlv .1 luft at the t.p. Tlity have verv litilt beard, and wear Inrgs; fliins, and culien driwers. Theru arc two forts of ihile people, wliofe limaiitre, rch, ion, and todoms, are vcrv ditVereiit. Thofe of the K. ha\c fixed habii.nioiu., but tlicv have iiiile or no rtlii^ion. Tho'.e of tilt \V. wear p .rments of llieep-ikiii'-, whieli they falit 1 about their loins wiih Itather (Grilles. Their boms arc very lari'e, and they b ive caps on their luad-., b'Tdertd with fur. The women wear il..- f.tme lort of irsruients, and are fairer than tHljhHn. Tluy dwell in tents, or hltle moveable houlei, and live eiuiiely on the produce of thiir cattle, v, huh aie horfes, cameh, C(»vs, and (li.ep. They extUani;c their commmhtie.s for rice, liijj.ir, tea, tobacco, cotl -n-cbth, .-'nd feveral forts of houihold uteulils ; they n.'. liy llere.Vrdfiiire ; on the E. by Gloucefterll.ire ; on the S. E. by the mouth of the Severn ; .oul rn the W. and S. W. by the ciuir.ties of Bieck- ^.nock and Glamoisvm in S. Wales. Fts 'extent from Tsi. to" -S. is about =4 miles, nnd from E. to W. ;o. Jt lies in the diocefe of L-i divide into hx hundreds ; contains ie-ven m-iuvtc lowni, M O N and IJ7 p:'r'flu's ; and fends three tncm. bets to pa;jiamerit. Tile air is ttiiiperatc K'ld healihv, and the (oil frimtul, thouijh mountainous and woiKy. Tlio hills feed lliei.p, goats, and horned cattle; and i he v.dh(.s proi'urt plenty of i^i.ils and corn. LJiue ill-; VV'ye, whii.h parts it from (!Liic.ller!!iiri ; the Myniii;w, wiiirh fe» paiiti.s it from Heretofdihire ; and the Rliviiev, or Runmcy, which divides it from Glimoif^anlliii'e, tins county has ahn. ft pi.culiar 10 iifi.lf the river Ulk, wliieh diudes it inwtu o unefiual portions, the t liUrn, and larked pirt of which is a tta.*t, fertile, m tlie «thole, fTi corn and jiafiure, and well woixltd. It abound* vvi'-h limei'.onc, which is burnt on the fpot for the jttneral manure of the country. The (ir.aiier vvtfiein portion is mountain- oui, and, in t^^at part, uid'avourablc for culiivation , whence it is devoted to the feedinj.' ot llieep It has fevcral loni; nar- row v.iliies, wa'ercd bv hreanis that fall int > ihe Uriftol Channel. All the river< above- nientioned, particularly tl'.e Wye and Uft-., abound with fi(h, e'peeidHy fal- iiio;i and triiir. Monmoiuhlhirc was for. nil rly reckncd one of the counties of Wales ; and, from the names of its towiis and villages, its mountainous rugged fur- faei , as well as its lltuaticn beyond a laric river, the Wye, which ftcms to form a natural boundary between Enp- land and Wales in this part, it cert,fiiilv pa:tnkes niotily < f thechiracler of iheiaiitr country, iluugh i: iscompreli-.nded in the civil divifton ot the fori^'ftr. The gentlr- iiien here geiiernllv fpcak En_:;!;!h, thouiih the roniiDoa pe.ij'ie iii'e tlic \V'cli)i lan- gu:.y;e. The maukifatture of ti.i; c>iuntry i-. i'.nncls. MosdMCT APA, a kin!;" E. L'ju. aii'. ij" and ij" and h. !,.!. ■» MovoMUGi, a kinp,ilom of A'^'.ica, lying nc;ir ilic eciiiatur, between Ahyllim i on tilt N. Ziinnuebar iii the I5',. Miuomo- tiipa on the S. and C'rnmo on I'ni.- W. This tmintry is very little known m the Eur"peans. MoNOH marry. They have feveral nianiifatUire';, and a good trade. It wa'' ' ken by the aihes in 1701). and by the French in July 1746. but reftortd by the treiiy ot Alx-la Cbapcllc. It was «!j.Vin taken bv the French, in i79» > '""' »he Nati'^al Convention of France a<'*ii,il-_ ly decrttd. that this plate and part of Auftrian Hainauli, liiuiild be unitid to their republic, as a kpartment, under the name if the dtparinient of Gcuiappe. Bor 'hi^ pr i:^<'i > I tr.iurni-iition, or con- qiicft, was fufpended by the cx,-.uHi"n of tiicir tr )■),■ '1. 1703. Mons •^A\H\^ partly on a hill, an. jartlv on a plain, in a inaiil v r.il. ar tb (pfucnce of the Ilailne and TiOuil!c,by which the country about it may be o\erH wed wlien lliey pleale. It is 17 miles N. E. of Tournav, and 37 W. or Naimir. Lon. 4. 3. E lat. 50. 27. N. Monsanto, a llrong frontier town of Spain, in Ellriimadura. Lon. 6. lo. VV. lai 3'j. }0 N. IVIoNSAUAZ, a town of PonujMl, in Alentejo, 2$ nules S. W . of Elvas. Lon. 7. 32. W. bit. 5S. 26. N. M ON s r K i< I! K i< o, or Ml' n st k r fi f. it c, a town o- Lover Silefia, in a pr. vmce of tb.e fame nuiit, 20 miles N.E.ot Glaiz,and »7S.ofF.rella-.v.Lon.i7.if). E.lat. 50.37. N. M^N^TlKK. Sec jMou rit.K. MoN TA! o'/it, a fmail fnrtifi^ d town jifGennanv, in the eln'^orare of Treve;, between Coblcnt/, and Limpurg. Lon. 7. 50. K. lit. ;o. lo. N. * Mc'Nr ACN!;, a caf\lc of France, in the department of D irdoj^ne aid late pro- vince of l'cn,t;ord, tamous for being the ■ birtbpbice of the celibiated clTavK* Mon- tai^ut'. It is 25 mil'ei from Perigueux. 'Mon fACNtAC, a c .nfulerab.e lown of Afia, in Na'olia, on the (ca of Marmora. If carries on a great trade, eCperiallv in fruits, ii"'! is I'taicd o.» a bay of the fame xumc, '^t nuies from Buda, and Go b. h. of CoTtft.nntincplc. Lon z^. ■!"• 40. JO. N. r 1 U.. MoNiAtiUE Isi ANI>, one. if the He- brides, ill the S .utl. Sea. ne.u Sandwich llland. Lon. .6 J. 37. K. lat. 17. if>. S. * MnstAKit', a town of Irance, m the department d Vendee and lare pro- vince ot Foitou, 24 m-l" W. of Mtiifeon. Lon. I. %o. W. lit. 47-0. N- ^, . . MoNi-Ai-nAN, a town of Spam, in Arra n, with a llroi.t, cit idel ; leated on the kio Martin, 44 '"' ' ^/ "/ ,^""' gon., and 02 N. by W. of Valencia. Lon. o. jo.W. bit. 41. 9. N. MoN 1 A I oiNO, a I'mall. popuNw town oHtdv, inTuttany, and in the territory „f Sienna, with a bilhop', lee It is leat- ed on A mountain, i" milts »• l"- "' =>""- na, and 44 S. E. of Florence. Lon. 11. 30. E. lat. 43.7- N. MoNi AI.TO, an epifcop.il town of Italy, in the marquif.uc of Ancona , fcat- ed on the river Monacio, .0 miles N. ot Alcoli, and 4S S of Ancona. Lon. 13. 30. !•'.. lat. 41. S4- N- , , . , , MoNTAROIs, a confKkrable town o Fiance, in the department of Loiret and late province of OiK,o....s. The- muftard andcuikry of tliis place are excellent; and from the ri.Cr Loing is a navigable canal hence .0 the Seine ^^-^^IHIZ the birthpbice of the celebrated Madame Giivon. It is feaied near a hue forelt, 1 ? miles S. of Nemourp, and 62 S. ot laris. Mont AL' HAS, a handlome and com- mercial town of France, in the depa.t- nient of Lot, an.l bitely 'be epilcopal fee of the province ot Querci. Fhe mltabii- ants amount to 40.000 •, and have manu- faftories.Hilk ftockings and ftuft.', ferges, (hallr.oi.s. .-^c. This town was taken fro n the Huguenots in ,629, a'"l 'he tnr- tihcaiions were dcmohlhcd by order of cardio.dele Riclleheu. It is leated on ail en.inence, on tlie river Tarn, 20 miles N. of Touloufe, and 30 S. of Cahors. MuNTDA/.iN, a town ot trance, 111 the department of InJre and Lone and late province of Touraine, leated at the foot of a hdl, on wbieli is an ancient calllc, 1 3 5 miles S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 45- ^^ "^MoNniKLMAt'.ri, a handfome and ttrongtnwn, capital of a territory of the- f;.me name, lieiwcen the acpartment ot Doubs and that of Upper Rhine. It is feate-! -ir the font of a rock, on winch is a larirc and Wrong citadel. The prmce of Montbeliiard iiis a v.rtcc and ie»t in the college ot the princes of the empire. K w.s;„ke,n in 1674 bv the I' ruieh, who dcn'oh'lied tiie f>rtiiications, but it was rellored 10 tUt- prince. It is leated near M O N iiKiiic. Lon 19. Ill i;k Is I ANii, one (if the Hc- c b .lull Si.il, nt.ir SaiuU\icfi 1. 16 >. 37. K. lat. 17. i<>- S. AKiC, a town of I'rancci in ,cMi I" Vtiuk'e and late pro- m, 14 milc» W. of M \uleon. W. l.u. 47. o. N, _ ,i.ii\N, A town of Spain, in itU a llroi.t, cif uld ; Icatcd on .iitin, 44 mi i; S. of Saia- c,i N. by W. of Vakniia. W. I.it. 41. O.N. OINO, a filiall, pi'putous town . Tukanv, Jnd in the ttrritnry wiih a billiop'^ lie Jt is fcat- lumain, I- milts S. E. of Sien- (. S. E. of Florence. Lon. 11. 43.7. N. i,To, an epifconal town of he marquif.itc of Ancona ; fcat- iiv';r Monacio, 10 miks N. of il 4>; S of Ancoua. Lon. 13. 42. S4- N- \KOls. a C'>nrulerablt town of 1 the deparrment of Loirct and ICC of 0;k,iii-iis. The miiftard y of tliis place are exitllcnt ; the river Loing is a navigable CL- tu the Stinc. Muiitargis is ...cc of the celebrated Madame Jt i;. ftaitd near a fiuc foreli, 1 5 ,f NeinourF, and (.; S. of Paris. AuiiAS, a handfome and com- own of France, in the depart- Lot, and l.itely the cpifcopal ftc )vince ot Querci. The inhabii- int to 40,000', and have inaiiu- it Tilk ftockinj!;s and ftutff, fcrges, ,ck, on which js a 1 «rong citadel. The prmce of .inril his a voice and ieat in the f the prir.ces of the anipirc. It n in 1674 by the I'rtiich, who td ti'.e f'>rtmcationy, but it was 10 the prince. It is Icated near the M O N lie riverj Alainc and Doub-i, jj mile^ W. •f B'ifit, and 45 N. K. of BL;ran(;on. Lon. 6. ^o. K. /.It. 47. J I. N. MoNTBl.ANC, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, 15 miles N. of Tarraj;ona. Lon. I. n. K. lat. 41. 10. N. Mo.vi iiKisON, a eonfiderable town of France, in t|-.i; department of Rhone and Loire and l.,te province of F'ore/, featcd on the rii. er Ve/i^e, 40 milts W. of Vi- enne, and 250 S, by K. of Paris. Lon. 4. 17- E. lat. 45. 3J. N. MoN i.Casmno, a mountain in the kin;;dom of Naples, "h the toji of which is a ccli.brateil Beniili,''tine abbey. Lon. 13. 44- E. I.at. 41. (y. N. MoN r-DAi'l'iiiN, a town of France, in the department nf U])ptr Alp's and late province of lJ.4iipl,iuy, eight miles from Embrun, I'tatcd on a cra^ijy mountain, almoft furrounded by i!ie rivtr Durance. Lon. 6. 4-,. E. lat. 44. 40. N. MoN ri:c(i!io, a contidtrable town of Italy, in the duchy of RiL'gio, 10 milts S. K. of Parma, and tight N. \V . of Regijio. Lcn. I ^. 54. E, !,it. 3S. 8. N. Montii-Faiit), a town of Italy, in the territory of the Church and ducity of Spalattn; fcated on a mountain, near the river Clitunno, 12 miles W. of Spalatto. L"ri. 12. 40. E. lat. 42. 58. N. Movi k-I''ah:onk, a town nf Italy, in Friuli, with a caftle. It btlonijs to the Venetiani, and is near the river Pon/.ano, 10 milts N. VV. of Aquileia, and 12 N. W. nf Tried. Lon. 13. 0. E. lat 46. 4. N. MoNTE-Fr.\scoNF., a finall hut po- pulous town of Italy, in the territory of the Church, with a bi(hop's fee ; ftated on a mountain, near the lake BnUenri, in a country aboundint; with excellent wine, 12 mills S. VV. of Orvietto, and 45 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 12. 4. E. lat. 42. »6. N. MoNTKLiMAH, a town of FVancc, in the department of Drome and late pro- vince of Daupliinv, with an ancient cita- del. Its inhabitants, in the i6th century, were the firlt to embrace the reformed religion. It is a populous trading place, and feated in a fertile plain, iz. miles S. of Valence, and 325 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4. ^ ■;.£■. lat. 4.1. 35. N. Monte. Mar ANo, a populou' town of the kingdom of Naples, ftated : the river Calorc, 18 milts S, of Benevcnto. Lon. 15.0. E. lat. 40. 48. N. MoNTE-Mou-o-Novo, or Mon- TE-MAJOR-Ei,-Novo, a confidcrablc town of Portugal, on the road from Lif- bon to Badajoz, Lon. 9. 35. VV. lat. 3S. 42. N. M 6 W ^ MoNTr.-Mort.o-VF.Liif>, or Mov TK-MAioK-i:i.-V'i.i 110, a town of I'or- tug.ll, in Ueira, with a larjjc calUc ; feited in a fertile country, ij milts S. VV, of Coimbra, and 83 N. ut Lilhon. Lon. i- 9. VV. lit. 40. 5. N. MoNTK-l'Kf.oso, an cpil'copal town of the kingdom of Naples ; (tateJ on 1 miiini iin, mar the river nat'ieiitu, 14 miles E. of Cirenza. Lon. 16. 28. £. lat. 40. 4f>. N. Mos'tk-Plm.siano, a town of Italy, in Tuftanv, with a bilhop's fee ; featcd on a hi^.,'h mount. iin, near the rivtr Ciiiann, in a country noted for exce'ltiit wint, 2- miles S. E. of Sienna, and 50 S by E. of l'"lorcncc. Lon. ii. 49. E. lat. 43. 10. N. MoNTFSA.a fl long town if Spain, in Valencia. It is the feat of an order of kiii^'lithood of ilie lame name ; and is five niilts from Xutiva. Lon. 0. to. VV. lat. 30. o. N. Mo.N tk-Sancto, formerly called Mount- AthoN, a mountain of Turkty in Europe, on the gulf of Conteliii. It is called Mniite-Sanito, or the Holy Mount, becau'e there are 22 monafttrits thereon, in wiiicli arc 4000 monks, who never I'uf- fer a woman to CDinc ne ir them. It is 17 milts S. of Salonichi. Lon. 24. 39. E. lat. 40. 27. N. Mdn'T!, Vf.Rpe, a town of the king- dom (,f Na[ilts, with a biiliop's iee, bo muc E. of Naples. Ljn. 15. 42. E. Ut. 40. :;i. N. Mo.VTFF.KHAT, a duchy of Italy, bouiuitd on the K. by the Milancfe and part of the territ(-ry of Genoa ; on the N. and W. bv Pitdm mt ; and on the S. by tile territory of Genoa, from which it is Icparated by the Appcnninc mountains. It contains 200 towns and caftlts ; ia very fcitiie and well cultivated, abounding in corn, wine, oil, and filk ; and is fubjedl to the king of Sardinia. Cafal is the capital town. MoN'TroRT, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Oil'e and late province of the llle uf Fiance. Of this place was Simon de Mmtfort, who i.iade the cruel war acainft the Albigenfes, about the year 1200. It is id miles \V. of VcrfailLs. Lon. t. 50. E. lat. 4S. 45. N. MoNTFORT, a town of France, in the department of lilt and Vilaine and late province of Brctagne. It is 12 miles VV. of Rennes, Lftn. i. 58. W. lat. V- 8. N. MoNTFoRT, a handfome nnd ftrong town of the province of Utrecht, in the ■ United Provinces, with an ancient caftle ; F f 4 feated }p — M O K In the depnrtmenr of Lower Seine ami b't prcvincc of Niiriii.mjyi oi; miUi N, W. of P.iri,, Lon. 0. 10. VV. Ut. 49. 33. N. MoN rl.r>t't3,a fm»ll town of I'rancc, ia the aep.itmcut of the Kaftern I'y rcn^ci, wiih ;i r«.v;ular f irtnTs on a rock, try of .he Umc r mw, u hu u has ban 1 ^^ ' « . ^jy f„/,;,, prM.Mion of .he LoM. 1. <;. E. 1.1.. 4?. 30- N. MoNi-LvEi, ii ti'Wii rif France, m the 'tc;i,irnntiit of Am am! l.iti' provuice of Bnir., 'VaiH on the river Seraiiic, 17. niihi N. K. of Lvons, ami 105 &.K, of I'ariH. L.M-.. 5. 3.'E. lat. 4'i- 4')- N- MoNi Li'zo:, or Momi-Li'(;on, a town of F. >n. , in the .Iciwrtmcn. ()f AHitr and l*'i- province o» H nirbnnniis } I^T O N ft»ted on the river YlTel, fr-ven rnilei S. by E, of Uirtcht. Lon. s- o. i- '»'• S*- A- N. , - MosTFORT, a town of Girmariy, .ri tht circle or S.ubiA. o.. tl>c cnliiv* of Tirol, .6 .iiik3 S. of Liiid:ai »nd thi l'i,^c ofCo.uUncc. hi>!hccap.i..lot aeo.in tria. T.iin. 0. M.K. Ut. 47' »'• '^^ . MoNi K.iur-iiK'LiiMos, an ancitnt town of Sp.v.r. in G.niciu, wi.h a mapni- ficcnt c^nlc, where i\}i Cmarca of Lc- nios rcf.des. It IS Ceittd in a fcrnh- Coun- try, H mdcs N. E. of Ortnie nnd ?s S. li. n>: CompoatlU. Lc.n. 7. 9- W- '•"• 4^- Musro ATZ, a town of Lower nun- Eiry, in the countv of Peret/as, xviih a fonref. c .mp.fta o> tli.ce caftlc., fcated onacr^,;-vr r'.. l.l-;" !:;,-....'-d l>y a frrcs iv'.ri H J hn.l art .nd naturthavc icn- drr'd it almnlt )'iiiivei,nabie. It w is de- fended hv th< pnrcj's RaKotiV.y, wile ot count Ttkeh, vhen ieiieBcd by an ;.nny of thf Iniperiuhfts, who were obhgcd to rai'e the ht-c in idS-i. ' Mnsit;' MK.nv. the cmnty town o( Mmig).nciy(i.itc, with a market on Tac!. dav. It is a fniall neat town, without tr.'.dc ; is pLafantly feared on the afccnt ot a hill ; and liad once a loatr and a cilt.;, vhich were denioliihed in .he ctvll wars. Tt fend, one mcibtM- to paihamcnt, and h 16 mil-s S. VVTbv VV. of He.eioid, and ifu N. W. of L nini. Lon. 3. j. \V. lat. 52. 16. N. MoNTCiOMFRV' III!!!-, a cnintv at '>*. I'e.'fed on »lie ri'. .r Wales, hounde.l on tiie H. !v/ Mernnet^i- fliirc and Dcnbi-hihire ; on t.ie N. I'.. and E. by Sirrpllnre ; on tl'.e S. by .<^il- norlhire ; •», the S. W. by CardigiMlhirc , Hnd on !hc W. bv part of M.n.;nc.hl:ure. It cxiinds ?Ci TToles froin N. to S. and nearly the fsme from K. to W. containi.-.g five msi-kct toans psA 47 Farilhes, and ien^iii;; twij in.;nilKrs ro pir.iament. Thoai;'h barren and n.ountair.o-.is in many parrs.'i' has a j^rcattr tnixn-re of ftrtdfi va!t; and plain, Uian fcvenil of toe ^ ellh counnes. Iti ritiics orocecd irom its IJieep and wool, t!ie hlKy tra^s bcinij al- jTjoft ento-i;'v ftiocmvnl'xs ; ;'.nd the H^r.ss, like ihofe of Spain, are drivqn froin diftant parts to feed cn vhctn durmg the {i:mw( Thi-. coilp'<' alTf al!:>rds irooe- r-A ir.;; furw, pan.nTt/rly lend ; an.l it hhounds witlY flare a idli'i^e ; but there ;s rio' i)^ '"f 111 mon in pariieular. Mo'ntivti.meus, a town or France, ^,.,,, - Cher, ?i niiUi S. \V. ,i Moulins, and i 32. N. Mo.STMF. i.t.W, formerly a (Ironf; town of Savny, wi-h a good cAU ; but Inm,; t;,Ven by the Ficnch in nc«.thcy den.o- lill.id the fortiticjtions. It is 17 mdes iJ. !■:. rif Grenoble, and ei^ht S K of Chatn- berr-. Lon. 6. i<. E. h'. 4^- ?'^- N- M->XTMO!tKNri, a town "t l-ranrc, remarkable for the foni'is of the ancient duke, (,f M..Btmorenei. It is feittd upon a hill, I'cven miles from St. Deni*, and 10 from Pai-ii. Lon. 1. 24- *"- '»'• ^'''' 59. N. •■ MoNT-MoRii.i.oy, a fmall town of France, in the department of Vienno and lAte province of Poliou ; feated on the Gar.cmpe, over which is a handlonic bridge. It i; =4 miles S. K. of I'oitiers. MoN':i'ri.Li!-.it, one of the largert, riclulf.and moll be lU'iful riiics of Fratice, in ihc deiiariinc:nt of HcranU and lue province of LHr-^;iirdou ; with a citadel ; jrbii'hoj,'s fee ;'a univer'i'.y, in which is a cilebrntad fchool '.f-nv. dicine; and a line royal notanic g!>rdcii, the Hr:\ et\ahlt!hed in Euiuiie. Toe cathe'lral v.a» rumcd by the I-L.i;;'.icnot'.,- but ha> h-xn p:M-tly re- luilt. The church of Notre Danic, one of the three par'.lh-churchf, is remarkable for irs.hi^h Iteepk. hi^h altar, and chapel of the VirLin, The rownhouls is remark- able for its halls, ^vhich are emi)«lli(lud with fine paintinjis. The immbef of m- habiiants is computed ut 32,000. 1 he tiadc i MO N lartment of Lower Seine and ICC of Niiriii.indy, r)c. miltt N, ri.. Lon. o. 10. VV. Ut, 49. Lot'rn.a Im^ll town of I'ranrc, ip.itmcnt ijf tlic luftern I'y 111 ;i ri,;;ular f irtr. I', on a rock, ! ,.f rlu'ryrciici.., l-uilf in if>'c pr tt-Mion of t!ie It is 4)0 miles 8. of i'uns. . E. I'l. 4?. JO. N. -LvEl, 11 ti'Wii rif France, in tniciit iif Am and latr province , '\'M(\ on the river Serainc, n K. of Lynns, ;tnil 105 S. K. of ,.,r.. 5. 3.'E. lat. 4;. 4')- N- •Li'iO'.', or M()MtLi'<;ow, ,f F. r. , in the .icpHi-tmcnt of J Uii. province o' li nirunnnois ; thu ri. -r Cner, ?; niiUi S. W. us, anl I CO S. of Pans. Lon. j. t. 4'i. ti- N. Mr 01, a fniall but ftmne to\vt\ e, ill the (itpartiiient of Mcul'o Uuhy (if H.ir, fcaf d on the river hich ('iviilis it into the «^P^^ r tiT.vn. It is ii niilis S. K. of - S. V.'. of Luxemburg, anil 13$ Pins. Lon. ^. 23. L. I.t. 4'> rM F. I I A V, formerly a ftront; town •, xvi-h A gooil CAftU } but Ininij tlie iMcnch in u-'s.tlley denio- e fortnicjtions. It is n in-les N. •<. noble, and cii^ht S K nf Ch;i:ii- Lon. 6. 15. E. Ir. 4^- ^'^- N- iMORKNii, a town "f France, i)le for the tcmitjs of the ancient MoBtmorenci. It is feittd upon ".■i-'.\ miles from St. iVeni*, and 10 ivu. L.;n. 2. 24. E. lat. 4S. ONT-MoRii,i.oy, a fmnll twa cc, in the department of Vienna : province of Pni;ou ; ft-atcd on tcinpc, (A-er whiai is a handlonie It \» : 4 miles S. K. of I'niticrs. ■.■iTi.LT!- u, one of the largelf, and moll be m'iful riiics of France, depaninenc of Heranlt and \,:te 2 of LHngiirdoc ; with a citadel ; .'s I'eeVa isnivtr'iiy, in which is a ad Ichool '.f. nv-dicine ; and a line iunicp-vdcn.the tir;i c'Aaldiihed lu , Ti'.c catlie'!ral was ruined by i;'Mcnot'.,-b'.it has been p:'Vtly re- r'he church of Notre D.mic, one of ■epnt'.ili-cliurrhc , is rciiKivkable for i Itecplc, hi^h altar, and chapel of ■fcin. The rownhoufj is remark- r its halls, which are emijelliOud ne paintings. The immbcf of hi- ,ts is conipuud uc 3^,000. The tiadc IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) "His 3 5r «>^ 1^ «,^l 1.0 I.I 1.25 '-IIIIIM |||||M 1^ 12.0 li: IIM 1.8 U IIIIII.6 O 7 L Photographic Sciences Corporation i\ ^v ^ ^N-^ '^ <^ 23 WEST MAIN ST!:EET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 4 M ^ ^ < ^^m. •%^\<> 6^ 9>'- &p ^ rM CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques O^ w!'.???B?«y?ae-iii"fy'-y-"!-i'- !■■"-■ '"a. .- 1J---J i ■ ' L J^'. "-' ^' ' - r^'.J'-I- ' "-'--- -I - ' ■ J r """.;;. ■ ;.._""'_'. . . " ' * ' ""' M O N • radc of Montpcllii.T conf.fts in filks, Wan- 1 cts, c.no'i goctis, printed calicoes, gau/ts, 1, -cv, liquors ur,>v.r(a\ly tl.ccr,ud, per- fumtxl vvarer., ...ir powder, ami Ncrdi- rile Ihe air i^ OLtrur.tly hci ihy, siul r uveat numbLr of pulnnb nock luthc, frcm all part., lo rceovtr t n.r hc.ulh. MontpclliL-r isitn.ted upoua lull, f.N c inilLi, ironi il.<; Mcdiievraiuan, near th.- Lez, n luaUim.gablcnvcr.andonthenvu.cta Murdan!on,v.h,th is co.v.cyed int , diticr- ont pans ot the city by lubtcrraneoas ca- UJ Ir is .7 miles S. W ol N,ln,cs ■.- N E. of N.irbonne, and i8o S. I7 \V. of Paris. Lon. 3- 5S- E. lat. 43- ^' MONTPENSIVR. a town of Franrr, In tlic dcpartn.cnt of l^S dc D.me and lato province of Auvcrgnt, ftated on a hid, "mon 2C nll!e^ v.. tf 4.N. Pan; h,. ot C'icrmoiit, and no S. Lcn. 3- '4- !■-• ':«• 46. MoNTUKAi., an ifle of N. Am-rica, in the nvcr St. La.reiicc, ;';>^'"t ;^ inUcs in lenf.th, and 10 in breadth. 1 lie \\A IS very fertile, and the air vvnolclomc. It was Uirrendercdby the French, in I7f'0, to tl'C F.ni;Ulh, bv a c,.pitiu.;tion,by whicli all Canada was likewilc ceded. It has a town of tire tame name, is pretty well tor- tviid, with wide open lir.eti, and uuiU on the iid. of ti,e nver, whence li.ere is a jiraduai ealy aicent to wdi,i,t is called the Upper ToAn. It has futtered inuch by firt-s iiiKc it has been in -he pf cli.on of tiic Ent;hlh. it is 120 miles S. W . of Outl)ecrand 1 10 N.c.f Albany. Lcn.?-. iT.W. lat.4^• 5 5- ^'-- re- ;., Arra.= on,wi:.haca(fle; tc:,u?l on the rn cr X E. '\ N '' MoNT-Rr./\L, a town'of the ifland ot Sicilv, in the valley of M: 7.ara, with an archbiihop's lee. It is feaied on a rivulet, five niiles W. of Palermo, and 50 N. K. of Ivli'.zara. Lon. ij. 3'- !-• 1''^- 3^- '"Mont-Rfat., or MoN-T-'RoYAi, a furtiels of Germany, in ilie eirele <.f th.e Lower Rhir.eand eliMrrate of 1 reves. It is leated on the river AlolelU. 12 'iides N. K. of Trevc. Lon. 7- <'• l-- '^i- '•O- mJntRI.mi.,?. ilroiigtown of France, in the dcpiirtnur.t of li.e Siraifi ot Cdais ard la'e province ol VK^irdy. Jus leaicd on a hill, near tlie river Ca^,ehe ; i-as a ralUe ; and is 10 miles N. W.of IMdm, aiul 117 N. of Pans. Lo.n. i. £1. K. ht. iloca, lOPilesN. V.'.ofTeria.l,and F,. ot Calatnjiid. Lon.i. 2.^V. lat. MovTR.Ki:iL-nr.i.i. AY, 3 town of France, in th^ dcpartiv.cnt of M:iiieand L< ire an-l Lite province of Anj«u ; leated on tlic river louct, i .-. n.,1- ^ troin Sau- mur, and i ; ^ from Paiii. Ln-i. o. 9. \\ . ht. 47^ 6. N. ■ MoN-T;'iciiARn, ^ mM town ot France, ii) tr.e (tepannieiitof Ltir and Cher a-Mi Ut< orovincc of i'.hfoi-, featcd near the river Clur, with a cal'le built in icio Ii i» ,; iTiiUs S. E. of An.boile, and 112 S. W. of Paiit. Lon. i. ^^- E. lat. 47. li. N. MoNTROSF, a borniiph of Scotl.ii d, in Ar.rusli ire, i.ear the elliiary of the river S-.'.utn Elk. Over this river, a n.Mv bridge h.is bee-,, latelv erefted. A' h'^h water the town is al noil furrovmded in the tea. The harbour is a tine feniitirculir bafin, with a handfo'vc It. re pier. A jjreat rumbcr of tr.idi'iR veli'els lulong to this p. rr. The builan-;s are neat, and many ot them in the modern tafte. Tnc mod rcmarkra>le ■.nc the townhc-uCe, the chnrch, and an eli-ant epi'copal chapel. A i^reat quantity of malr is made here ; and thc.-e nreconhderablemanufaaoric-ot iait tloth, iiiun, and threa i. Tlic lalpion lilherics on the N. and S. Elk form a valuable branch of commerce. Monuole is 4S miles N. E f Ldlniiurgh. Lon. 2. 32. VV. lar. 56.40. N. M<>N-TSAi;i!:f'N, a town of France, iti the department ol Upp r Mjnic and late province nf Cnamp.gric, 15 miles from L;!np,res,and 14; from Pari- Lon. ;. 16. E. la:. 47. 3&. N- . ^ MnNTSKRRAT, n hirh m iintain of Spain, in Catalonia, on wiii.h is a U.iious monaftery and chapel, dedicated to the Virgin, v-hcfe image h !aid to pcrforai many miracles ; To that nua;bcrs of pil- ■•rini's rel'ort hiib.er. Jc is inliabitcd bv iiiov.ks of levcrai nari-ns, who entunam all, that come out of devotion, or tun jlity, for three days, ur.ri'.. Ti:is ipounta.n is (aid to be 10 inile;-in cireumf.rence, and hve hi >n. From the top of ir, is a \ icw ot the country to th.c diffanee of 1 -o mll.s. It h J. -, mdes N. W. ol Barcelona. Lou. .1. 26. E. lav, 41. 40. N. p , T A MoNiSEiiKAT, one of the Leeward C -ribbcL- lilar.d'^ in theW. Indie: , dilcover- cd, in i4-;3, by C .Ui^bir. and lo named bv'him ft 1 irs'reb-mblance to the moun- tain mentioiud in the preceningurticf. It is about nine miles in kn;;lh and \)rea.Uh ; and the niount.dns are covcrfld with cedar and other trees. It belonj^.s to tn.: En^.iliv, and is 30 miles S. W. of Anti>^ua. Lon. r..'. .?4. W. lat. 16. 54. N- , , ,- • Mo.N-T ST.ANDUtV'UownofA'ihn-n jjr.ioaut, '■J .i<.iU"i^ ,,** V a M U Jtv M O K iMV.ar>», n:o mik-. N. of Riiii.IUIcs. and livcr Morava, or Morr.w, v.hich runs ,^ N. of ^unuir. Lon. 4.5c. K. l.t. 50. through h; is vtvy ftrtilc aiuI populous : ■sj aiul htiicc the (cWof ClirihrHiiscillcii Me. *°MoNT Sr TMirnFL, a ftrong town ravUns. lakc thtir innic, tlitir dnflrini;; of Fvancc, in the dcpannunt of the Chan- having' been rirft taught here. Oinuit/ wa; nd and late pr<,vhice of NornnanHy, built the tai",;.,! lovvn, but now linnn tkinis cna roek inlhc fta, %\l.ich is afcended at that honour. low water. Its late Hentdininc abbty Moray A, or MoR^\v, 1 large nvcr furved at once for a calHe "f defence and of Germany, v.luch has m imrcc on the a lUte prifon, and was m.ch fre<|uented, confines .if Bohemia and Sih:i!\. It moreover, bv pilvrims. The priuv of the erodes all Moravia, wiicre it waters Ol abbey was i^ovcrnor of the town, and ihe y.cys were 'brouj^lu to him every evcnim;. This place gave n mie to thi late militaiy order of St^ Mich.itl, fotin.ied by Lewis XI. in i47;. 33- N. Morbach, or MrRHACH. a town ot * MonRMiKDAr.AP, a Irrge ill-built France, in the department of Lower city of H''ndoortan Troptr, ttie capital of Rhine and late province .f Alface, 4* ' e the eRablilhmcnt of the niiles S. E. of Siralluirg. L'jn-8. 25. E. Bengal before _.. Englifli power. It is leaicd on the wtft- eni arm of the Ganges, i;o miles N. of Calcutta. Lon. S3. :S. E. lat. 14. i?-^N- Mora, a town oi Spain, in New Cal- tile, j8 mile-; S. E. of Toledo. Lon. 3. 4. \V. lat. 39. 3&-N. rg. Ijun. S. 25. lat. 4S. o. N. MoRiir.GNO, a handfome town of the country of the Grifoiis, in the Vdtelinc, where the govrrnor and the regency re- fide. It is the handfomeft and mod com- mercial town in the Valtcline, feaied on MoRANT, Point, the mod caftcrly the river Aelda, 12 ir.iles S. E. of Chiaven- promontory of Jamaica, hon. is- S''-'^'^' • na, and 20 N. E. of Lecco. Lon. 9.3 i. fat. 17. ;6.N. E- l»'-+'''- '°-^- , Moit AT, a rich, trading, and confider- " MoRiuii an, a department ot France, able town of Swlderhnd, capital of a including part of the late province of Bre- bailiwick of the fame name, belonging to tagne. Vannes is the capital of this de- thc cantons of Bern and Friburg, with a partmcnr, which takes its name from a caftle, where the bailiff refides. Morat is finall bay between tliat town andtiie ifl-nnd celebrated f'T the obftinate fi.ge it luf-' of Belleide. Ls entrance is narrow ; but tained aL'ainlt Charles the Bold, duke of it expands within, and contains about 30 Burfundy, which was followed by the little iflands. battfe 6f Morat, fought June 22, 1476, in Morka, formerly called Pkiopok- which the duke was routed, and his army NKsL's, a peninfula on the jouthcm part almoft entirely dellroyed. It is 10 mile's of Greece, to which it is joined by the \V. of Bern,' and 10 N. E. of Fribuig Lon. 6. ^3-E- lit. 46- 5i- N- * Morat, a lake of Swifferland, in the bailiwick of the fame name, it is fx miles long, and two broad, in a well-ciil iflhmus of Corinth, Iving between the gulfs e)f Lepanto and Engia. It is iSo miles in Kngtli.and 130 in lircadth. The air is temptr.ite, and the foil fertile, ex- cepting tile middle, where there are many tivatcd country, F'ing parallel with the mountains. It is watered by fevcr.1l ri- lake (f Neuchattl', from which it is fe- vers, of which the Alpheiis, the Vafili- parted by a rid-e of hills, and into "i'hich Potamo, and the Stroinin, are the chief, it empties itffcif by means of the river It is divided into three large provinc-s. j{foye. The fangiack of the Morea refides at Mo- MoRAVIA, a marquifatc annexed to don. It wus taken by the Venetians from Bohemia, liy which it is bounded on the the Turks in 16SJ7, but they loft it again W. by that kingdotu and 'jilefiaon thtN. ini7it. bv Silcfia and Ilungarv on the E. and by Morki.la, a town of Spain, in Va- Auftria 01. the W. ]t is a mountainous .lencia, on the frontiers of Arragon, among country, w atered bv a great nuinber i.f ri- high mountains. It was ahnolt dcrtruyed, vtib and brooks. It tnV.es its name from the in 1 703, by the a: iny of Philip V. i I " MORESEV, ■'-'■W«»i*ta*!fc-.- _>.- - ■.-- t M O K I or Morrtw, v.hich nins vtvy ftrtilc unci populous : I'crt of Clirifii:Hns cillcii Mr. tluir innic, tlitir dodrint". rft taught lure. Olnuii/ wa; vvn, but now Brinn cliims or MoRAW, I lar^;e rivet which has its fourcL on the Bohemia and Siliifii. It iravia, wticrt it \v:irtrs Ol- Iratlilcli, and rtctivini^ tht 10 confines of L' wer Hunga. - Auftria. fepiratcs thcCt. two ar as the Daiiubt, into which , a river of Turkey in Eii- riies in Bulgaria, runs N. ii by NifTa, and fall-, into the L-mtndriah, to the E. of Bel- li, or MrRHACH, a town of the department of Lower late province if Alfacc, 41 if Sirafburg. Lon. 8. 25. E. NO, a handfomc town of the the Grifoii'', in the Vtlieiinc, i^ovrrnor and the regency re- the handfomeft and nioft com- n in the V'altcline, feaitd on Ida, 12 n'.ilts S. E. of Chiavtn- N'. E. of LeccQ. Lon. g. 31. 10. N. I II AN, a department of France, art of the I ut province of Ure- nnes is the capital of this de- which takes its name from a etweenthat town andtiie iO.and . Iti entrance i^ narrow ; but within, and contains about 30 s. , formerly called Pf.lopok- per.infuli im the foutheni part , to which it is joined by the F Cormth, Iving between the ,epanto and Engia. It is iSo nijtli.and 130 in breadth. The per.ite. and the foil fertile, cx- e middle, where there are many . It is watered by fcvcr.1l rl- .\hich the Alphciis, the Vafilt- ind the Stromio, are the chief, ded hito three iarije provinces, lack of the Morea refidts at Mo- wMs taken by the Venetians from ;s in i6"j-, but they loft it again I. LA, a town of Spain, in Va- 1 the frontiers of Arraj^on, among iUtains. It wasahiioli dcllroyed, by the anny of Thilip V. MURESEY, M O tl M OR II V, i^nr T little above laftins; amonr: the Morlacchi. They li.v-e MoRE.nY, a »}:'^'",^"^;,;J "\ ,„:, even ii.ade u a kind of rcli.',i-,us point, and /hirehaven, m '-"'"'^Ynr f' anrinui^V tie the l.cred b nd at the foot of the altar. ,,ut which m^Py, f- <^<>n ^j^^y ]L, s,,,^,„„„ ritual contains a partictt- ah)Ut which m^py •- , ,,,• - hav^eendu.up.fuchisaharsand ..nes ^vhh in!cripti..nson the'u; ^■'^^^^'^ c..verns have been tou _d, called Pi ts Holes. Here is fuppolcd to hive been a Rnmin f T itication. v..„r„ MoHKT, an nncient town of F:nncc, •intliedu):>rtmentof Seinean Marne, jn( •,n the du.:>rtment ot ' "V'" . '„^, ,,,.,, ,1 tinues, '• that fpaiklcd in their eyes, ^ l,te ppnince of the Uhoi t rnce u ^^^ ^f ^^^ performed, gave a caiUe ; featedon the river Loire. 3 - mue ^_ _ _.^^ ^^j ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^_^^.^ S. E. of Pans. Lon. - 5-- ^- ' ^^^ ,-.^ ■ ,.■,,.. „„( fonned, or r MoRF.TON, a larta- town of Devon- fhire, with a noted market f^ yarn on Satuniay-.It is feated on a h. . -- Dartmo ,r, and h .4 m'l" §. W. of Ex - ter.and.S.VV.byS.of London. L-n. •J. Af.. W. lat. -.0. 33. N- ^ MouKTOS, a town in Glouccfiernnre, whofe tnarket is dilnled It js l.^te.1 ut tne Vifleway, zo miles E.S E nt \V or- celter, and 83 W-N.W.ot London. Lon. ,. ,r,. W. lat. "ii. o- N. MORCKS, alundlome and rich tow., of Swifferland, in the canton of Bern, and c-.nitd of a bailiwick, wnh a cal\le. where th bailiff reftdes. i\ '^^ ' P^'u "Z trade, on account of a canal, bv >vhich The Sclavtinian ritual contains a particu- lar benediiMion, for the foleinn union of n\o male or two female frien, iit the pre- fencc of the congregation."— fie was pre- fent at tin: union of two young women, who were made Pu/fJIiu-rr!'', in the ciiurch of P.:rul!'!ch. — " Tile fatisfaftion," he con- that fpaiklcd in their eyes, whcrt con- , incnts can lodge in m'nds not formed, or rather not corrupted, by fociety, v, hich we call civilized. The male friends thus united are called /'c//.i((//W/, and the fein.iles Poje- Jhemc, winch mean hilf-brotl'.crs and half- lifters. Fricndlhips between tlinre of dif- ferent fexcs are not bound with fo much folemniiy, thouj'h perhaps in more ancient and miiocenr ages it was alio the cutlom. From thcfe confecraTed/ricndmips amontj the M nlicchi. and >>ther nations of the faineori'iiu, it llmuld leein, that the fworii brothers" arofe, a denomination frequent enough amonji the common people in ma-- nv parts of I'lurope. If dilcord liappens to arife between two friends auiong the . ..y T canai ov - o.eu M.-rlacchi, it is talked of over all the coun- '''V "rreTmnSonerfom the lake try as a fcandalous novehy; and there merchandiie " ^"^''"'P ,'*■%.,,.:, ^ fme have been fome examoles of it of late ^S^^rtS^i: V'^:::tT. vears, to the great. am,dion of the old beautitJ bay of the lake of Geneva, five mTliTs from Laufanne. Lon. 6. 4^- K. lat. "^""ivioRHANOF,, a town of France, in the department of Molclle and late pn..nce ofUrrain. !r .. .4 m, es N. E. of N ,1 c , and icD E. of Pans. Lon. 6. 4:. h.. lat. A^ 'I N Moui \CMIA, a mountainous onintry of Dalmat.a, the inhabitants ot w^tich are cUedMorb/ks.orMorhccht. They m- hablt the pie .V' valiies ot Kotcr, along The Pv^^rs' Ken... Cettina, Narenta and among the inland mountains ot Ualma- m. They are fa'd, by, lome, to he Walachian extra£lion ; but tnis is denied bv abbe Fortis, who tlunks thetr origin involved inthv darknets of barbarous ages. The inhabitants of the leacoaft or Dalma- tia tell many frightful ftones of ^leirava. rice ai-.d cruchv ; but ihefe, M. Inrtis thinks are all eivher of ai, ancient date; Morlacchi, wo attribute the depravity of their countrymen to their intercourCe with the Italians'. Wine and itrong liquors, of which lite nation is beginning to make daily abul'e, alter our example, will, of courfe, produce the lame bad etfeds as ai^iong u.." MoKl.Aix, a confiderahle feaport of France, in ibe department of Finiftcrre and laie province of Bi'etaiJ,ne, with a caftle and a tide harbour. The church of Notre-Danie is a fingular ftrufturc, and the hofpitil very handfome. The inha- bitatits carry on a confiderahle trade in linen, hemp, and tobacco. It is feated on a rner of the fame name, 30 milts N. E. of Brett, and 4:; W. of St. Biieiix. Lon. 3- 4^'- W. lat. 4S. 33. N. ATouocco, an empire of Africa, cotn- preheiuling a confiderablc part of the an- cient Mauritania, lying between 18^ and ■^h" N. lat. and bounded <;ii the VV. by thinks, are all either -u ^ ^^^ — ^^^ a,,^^„^„ Oecan ; on the E. by the rC or, if =^ny l^'^^'V^^'fr aerl d t. h ver Mulvia, which fepara-es it from Al- thev ought rather ''^ ' ,^," "XJ;, ', „iers . on the N. bv the Mediterranean; coiiuntir.n ot a few individuals, tlian to tiie had difpofition ol the nation in general. Indeed among a varierv of curiou pirricu- lars.refpcrtmg their m<»iitrs and cuftoms. he prcfenrs fome very pleating trans ot diandicr. " Friendil.ip,' he lavs jfiers ; on the N. by tht Mediterranean, and on the S. by Mount Atlas, or rzthci by the river Sus, wdtieh divides Mo- rocco Proper fiom Tafilet. Its grcatell leniiih, from N. E. to S. W. is abovf Yp nules, and, where wideft, not more thiiit I I 'I ' I , I! f M O H ^/ g « > -ij yii^i^ jpwi^j i u ^' i wi^' ""o^ M O R The to;rlrono.of Ma- -les -c! <;-. .hat 1. l>kaic. He c^ r,«oav-c formed bv th. union of kvenl fmall kin£;-''o foiU thonirh taiulv and dry m fomc pbccs, ,s fcn.lc h. others and the bruits i a< >^el! as the parturca, are extcl- 'icnt, but th.r covmtrv is not nv^^porly hriii' 1 -,o.ooo mtn into the fi< Id, li-ilf ot wh Tl- arc toot ■'.n.\ h ilf horlt ; Init tlicy ire po rly armed, and know 'utlc of the art of war. . , f • 1 1 MoROCi-o, the raptial of me kin.-il -in of I^Iorrcc; fcr.ed in a iKiui'.ful vr>- . ';, tf.rn>ed hv a t'-.-jir. of mount ..ns on tho N. fidi;. and'tU.jte of t!ic Atias, from \vi:-:!i it is diffaii. >ihiut :o niilcs. on thi 5. and E. Tho;:i,'it one of the c;>r.u-ils ot thr i;n\r»ifc (r r there are thr^o, M.rocco, McqMinLZ. •.ind Fez) i: h:.* nothiiij, lo r>-- xo:-.inrcnd it bi-.t its -rcat e -ent, and the roval palace. It is mcl.ifd by rcnr.irk- ablv ftr^n^ w;il!5, the ci^cuintcrcnct- of which is :ihof.t eight lodes t th^y^ arc flanked bv iqu-.re toucr;, and iun-unO- cd by a' wri. and deep drch. 1 be mo.q'KS arc more numerous th.m maj^rmii- hc diuicia'. to loiiii dwell. t, moveable viilacres^coiTipofed of ab( ut .oo tents, and «he Bereben.s. who are the ancient inha- bitants, and dwell in cUt.-. and to • ns. Tliere arc a gre-it niim-.^er ot Caridian fiavcs, and foir.e merch.mts, upon the coaft, bcAdc a tnuhitnde ot jevvs who carry on almoft all the trad. -, dpcc.ally fcy l.nd with the Negroes, to whom ibcy fenttiarije caravans which travel over va.f <]f!>rt;., lilmoll d.ftir-.ire ot water. 1 hey dyi;a- mv is „l|..wed here, and is fuppofed, \n lorn- dcirrce, tontfeft popnl .ti^n, it -.vyuld be d.ihci.lt to form anv toinoutaiion, near the nuiuber uf who arc pretty numerous here, h*ve a fcj-Afatu- town, walle-d in, and under the charge ot an alcaid, appointed by the emperor. It lui, two gites, whicV. arc regularly hut every evening at nine o'ciosk, alter which no plrfon can enter or depart, till they arc oiK-ned the next morning. They have a mirkct of iheir o^vl-, and when they en- ter the Maorilh town, mirket, or paiacc, ,hcy are con-.pelle'd to be barefooted -Morocc, is oo mibs E. of Mogidor, and abaut 400 S. of GiD. altar. Lon. 6. ^5- ^^ • lat. 31. »2. ^3- . , MoKO-;, a tov,-n of Spain, m the pro. vince of AndalviU,!, in the- nei^dib H.rhood , of which is a mmc of precious Rones. Jt is 30 miles S. E. of Seville. Lon. 5- ^o. W. lat. 37- 10. N. . , ■ , in Mjkotoi, one of the Sand^vich Iflcs .Ivnit feven mites to the W. N. W. of ^i^wee. Yams art- its prmcio,.! produce ; but it has but i:t-lc wood. The coau, on tb" fouthern and wcftern l.d.s of t,,e ill,';.! J, forms fcvcral bays, which proT.Ue ft tolerable ihcher from the trv.le-umos. Lon. 117- U-W.lat. 21. 10. N. _ Mo!U'KT», a bur.. ugh of ,^";,"'"";: bcvlai'.d.with a market on Wednelday. It is feated on-^ river cal.ed Gammas ^\(aTOr, andhasnca(lU-inilt\andi,.g. Ihernark.c M O R is what he i-lcafc?. He c:m > mtn into the fi< kIi h^lf of :inJ hilf horrc; but they ire «ud knowiutlcot thcaitof I, the rapiiF.l r,f ihe km.'d 'HT felted 111 a Ini'.utitul vr>. <>', '■■sin of mount .ins'on tlic N. :e of ttie Atiiis, fVom wi oh ^ibiut :o miles, on thi S. iigh one ot the iMiut'il'i of ? there ure tlArtC, M.r-x'co, v) Fez) i: hit n');hiiij, lo re- but its jTtat f 'cnt, iind the It is incl.ifd hv rcin;»k- w;.ll5, the ci^cuiiiftrciut of Kiiit tighc n>i!es : tlu.y. are riur.re tower:, anil iur\ .und- i-1^ and Accp drch. The more numerous th.m ni-t;^iuii- llreets are niurow, d rtv and lul manv of the iioul'ts uii- 11.) iallini: to ruin. Thole .cenr, are ind >r;d in gardens,; ..wlity of them ftrve only to trnvel< r with the idci of & id dtterted ci:v. A* P-'lvga- I'ed here, and is fupoofed, m ;, ronlTcft pipnl.tion, it -.vould ro foil" any co:noutdiio;i, near -■ith rolpcii to ihe nundier of :ant-.. Tffi: J^-ws, who arc lerou-, here, have a fepa-att; L-d in, and under t!ie charge of npointed bv the emperor. It tes, wine:/ arc regularly tliut ina; at nine o'eiojk, alter whicli ail enter or depart, till they arc next morning. They have a riK.ir cnvi-, and when tl'ey en- orilh town, nnrkot, or pil.icc, cun;peli'-'d to be bareiootcd. ;-, 90 mil« E. ot Moo; idor, and S. of GiD.akar. Lon. 6.45- W. ■:,'a"tn\vn of Spain, in the pro- \.;vhluU.!, in tu'e nei^^hbjurhood , is a l-nmc of pr(.ci>ms ftones. it i S. E. of Seville. Lon. 5. 10. 7. 10. N. . rol o-sof the Sardr.kh Iflcs, en nViles to the W. N. W. of V.mis are its princm,.! produce; hat It-lcwood. Tkceoafi, on ,ern and weftern l"uhs of toe rms fcvcral bavs which prn-nile e (liclter from the trade-uinos. . 11. W.lat. at. 10. N. _ • KTH, a bun ugh of NoMumn- ivith a market on Wtdnelday. It on-r. river c.il.ed Camn.as ^%^^'f'^ 1 ,-a1h- iiiil i>a'i'ling. The market iar •e for corn^; cattle, and p''.'--^ M O S :m o s iU. N. of D.JvhaiTi. i'lvJ pirfe in .497, aid lUev I'.ave kept pof' Li 11. I :l>. fons. Ttis i3ni -S' N. h, W. <'t London. V\ 'at. t n. I ^- ^' . , MoKTAG.M,atwnofFratiaMn.he dcpaiui.cnt ofOtuc and la'C pr.vr.ic. of Perchc, we'd luvAvn lo^ it, hrfces au-lta.^ !;,ne.. L ,s..;.m!e.E.of See7,and;o U'. of I'-iris- Lvii. o. 4-^' •^- "t- 4*- ^^^?t.TAC.NK, a to-vn of F..' ;!.<.!« the department o!,heN-..iu and late piovmce ot VreiuU Flamlerw leaied At the tonllu- „.e£oft:...So..rpea.HlSehcld,en;htimleS 8. !'.. of Tourniy. Lon. 3. 3 J- L. U-. 5'^- 29. N. feirioii .r ittvei-linre. Tut ;< vn is lar^c, h,..,d ore, ri<.li, aiiJ we'll- fortilied, l:a\ ing a Itroiig citadel to flcfem'. 'he Imu) ur. I: i. Uie l.uiie to ih,; ronu^ucfe ai the Cipe- ,,f O-iod H.ih: is to the Duicli ; tor «1ulU re 11. .11 li'erc'is generally a k.""** pt rilon ^ but- tile P.;rtus.iefc gov t mar i^ cluiigid e.erv th?te v^'ars. Tniy .have built <".\eial churchro and niouafu;ne>, and thejr tti.de wkli tht: natives for gcId, ehphan'.^ uv.h, ar.d fi.^ves. Their Ihips alvv.iys c.il iiere in !i,oin^; to the E. Indies; ■and the harbour is lowttiniojioiis, that wlulc tl:r,s may an' hor here, und relit their V ff-ls, as'wvil ai prtvidc theinlelves wuh all ner.ifjries; and thtv have a large hoipial tor fick. lailora. Lon. 40. 10. tw lat, i:. 5. 3. •^ M".sAMPiqtHi, a Uiau or cliannei» in liie Indian Ocean, lyin- beiwecnihe E» coaif of Africa and the ilk^nd of Madagal- car, and between ii"' aiiO i.i'' S. lat. Mosii.\cn, a handfome town of Ger- m.Tiiv, in the palatir.r.re of the Rhine, witl» •ri eleuaut calUe ; le.,ted on tue rivef ls\ckar, if) miles E. of Hi-idelberg. Loa. g. ji. K. lat. 49. z5. N. Mosul' itG, a to>vn of Germany, in- Bavarii, feated at the conlluence of the ri ••'■s Ifer jwI Ainbert, nine miles W. ot Landlchut. Lon. 11. ^v ii-l?t- ^^- 30 Nw McjscoVY. See Rl'ssia. M )sCow, one of the mod ancient and di'"tineuhlu d pi ovince5~iif Ruliia, formerl/ a "diichv, but now one of the 41 govcrn- iVloltX,viS. a town <.f i" '"■"•-;'' »" ''-« department of the C'aaunol mhI late p.o- viiue of Normandy, leafed rn riic rivulet Lane.., auoolt iurrounded by cr,u:gy rocks, 10 miles E. of Avranchts. Lon. o. =4. W.l.ir. 4S. ,57. N- ., , • MoKTAK A, a ftronj; town of Italy, in th^ duchy ot Mdan, iu-bietl to the king of Sardmia; ,. miles N. h. ot C.ld, and ii S. \V. of Milan. Lon. ".. 40- L. lat. * - ■- • N '^'m""kti.aki:, a vill:;-c in Surry, ieated on the ri^er Thames, lix m^es VV . ot L, .iid..n. Great part of this pati.li is^ la- clokd in Richmond Pa-k ; and hu majcfty lia. a tarn. Ue e of •> .cres .11 his own oc- eu,:atiun, and in excellent cukivation. ' MoK n.icH, a village ot Bautidure, in S.:oil.md. f.x miles S. W. ot Jve-th. Her>! INialcolm JL in 1004, founded a biihopric. in memory of a iign 1 victory ^""^^'^' ^f;^^ ■;;,a"c;„p;re j boui^ed <«i ^vhi,:l he gained here «ver the Da^e.. ^"J ^ ;' ^^^l.^.^^.^^' of Tver, on Thi. 'oiihopric was tramUed 10 Aoer- J;- .f ^^? ^;,;;^ ^^ (j..,,, Volodimir. on the ^'^o'k^kSo: an ancient tow„_ of S. oy ilie goyernmr;.s o^ Kalu,. Spaiiuin Valencia, bmit on ilie f'te of t;ie ancient Sai.untum. The rums u! a 1...- man ainphiiheatre arc 10 be Icen .lere. li h ffated on a river v.: the tame nanie. i? miles N. of V.deneii-. L m. o. 10. L. lac. ^'''^ 'mokvkk, a diftvia of Artrylelhire, jn Scotland, its mountains are teie:naf;d in the long-, of Oiiian, as the crimtry oi Finyal. « , • r- MosA, a town of Ada, in Arabia I'u- lix, zs miles, N. E. of Vlocl.a, wlixh 'up- plies it uiih fov.-ls and trail IvIobAM^)l'it•'^■ Cm, and on the and ;; n: me lolenik Its by .pi and Re- ef Tver of the lame ,sro\v, a l.;rc;e oitv of the Rufii.an empire, caoital of" the ' gn'ernnient of IvL/icoiv, and formeriy <'f the whole em- pire. It I'.iav be tor.udered as a town built iJivjii il^c Al'atic model, but ^:rar di'ajlv bcc-;r;ini: .more and more Euro.- ncaii'; exliibitiir;^, in'^s prelent ftate, a ir.otlcv iTii.x'.ure of difcidtnt architecture l'- i> didnbuted into the toliowniK dii-l-- 10ns. Kremlin, which is in the ce ;ntr4 dom of Afiica, and"llt;heif part oi tf.e city, fiirrcunded * "^ ^^ " ' - ."l ^^^ yf ft„„e apd brick, two , ,e PH.. p..l of which Ts of miles in circumference. T. .^ d ,, lue pii... t .t.fn. m,-,- IV wooden houlcs. vilion IS lions. on Africa. This iftaud is not more tbau three miles in lcnj;tb, and had as.mueh in breadth, and is at.uut two miles from the ^nd many • ' ^ other m MOS ^TOS tra.ldn,cnMli..py ^''^ "a ha, at Pctcrfbm^li. Here the chief noble, ,l,c onlv «r«t m M.fco-v n ^^'^^ «; [, ,^,r^. ^ ^ Urys '■■">i>bcr of rc- '-"•« «-{ .^';t r; ^h^ ;. ' -i-:-' liiX lahLs ; graJl^ th.ir ta^c f-r a ru ler .n^ anv interval lutivti-n tntni. }■ ,- .„ .1... .,«. 'K.,;od,«r Whit. Town, which runs rouu fhe two prcccainK = other three .,>'^.r- «r7at,a,sroacn.nunatcdfron,anrcu- ar a,npart of ear>h bv wh.ch -t .s en- con/pafled. The two laft n^cnt.nnc d,- vifi.m. exhibit a grotclque ^^ ^ church.s. convents, palaces, bnek and wcxtenhnubsandnuanhoveU. 5. The Sloboda, or rubur\>.. vvh.ch form a vaft more expenfive mni;nitictntt, in the an- cient feudal flvle; and are not, as at l'eter(lniri;h, eclipfed by the hipcrior fplcndour' of tlic court. The places ot divine wordiip in Mofonv, tnchuhnf; chapels, a -.t to above 1000 •, "f 'heic, 484 arc p.iblic churches; 190 of wlucb are of brick, ftuceoed, or white- walhcd ; and the others of wood, p;.inted rtd. Some of their bells are of a l>upcndous fv/e : thtv hang in bc:lfries detached from the cluirch ; are fixed immovcably to the • . ^'"^'"i S'ip^^^fr^^ b^n. a^i are rtm« by a rope tied to exterior circle round a 1 'f M'^J \7"^y the rl.ipper. It has always been cftcemed defcribcd. ;V'V'^^iTT;".bnvl Lram, a mlliufrious aft of religion .0 prefent a part and dueh. ^he c (ub ib^ comj, m ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ lefidc buildincs ot •■^'l 1^^'"^'- j;?;r;,' ^nor ha. been mcalured by their magni- nuichopen pa.lurc ^"'^'^-; '^^^f '^^ ^ Uc. Accordingly, Kori. Godunuf. who vhich give nle f. the W'-.i^""f\„/ "^ „,vr r, bell of iSS.ooo pounds to th; ca- cave a bell of iSS.ooo pounds to th; ca- thedral of Molcow, was the moft ,'ious fovereign of Ruiiin, till he wr.s lurp; (fed by the emprefs Anne, who prefentid a bell that weighs 4^1,000 pounds, an ' '* the hrireft in the ktV'wn world. The imperial palace in tW Kremlin is now onlv remarkable for having bci .1 the birthplace of Vetcr th.: Great. In the cathedral of St. Miclnel, in which the loverei-ns of RuHia were formerly in- 'ferred, arc fcveral "f their tombs. The bodies sre not depofitcd in vaults, or be- neath the pr.vcmcnt, but are entombed in raifcd rcpuichies, moftly of brick, in the fhape of a coffin, ami abnut two feet m , r heipRt The moft ancient were covered blended with l.nr^e p.l'.ces ; ^"^'^'J-'^' "' ^ palls of red cloth, others of red vcl- tta.Kl next to the troft (lately win, ^ ^^ ^^_.^^ ^ MofkvaT from which the city t.Kcs its "me, flows throtigh kin a wind.m' chan- nel: but, excepthn^ in fprmg, IS only i.a- vigable for rafts. It receives the Y:uilam Eemlamog^-rod, and the Ne.linn at the xv"ftern cxtremitv of the Kremlin; out the beds of both thefc lall-ment.oned ri- vukts are, in f-r.u.er, lit: e beirer than dry channels. Moscow exhibits an afto- nitliin- deirrec of extent and vanetv, irrc- guh"itV, and contrail. The llreets, m ineral, are very long and bro,Kl. Snme rtbem are paved; others, parnculadym . the fubarbs, arc fonucd wi.h uunks of Jees, or are boarded wKh planks like the ■ floor cf a room. Wretched hovels arc manft.ns^ many bnek llru«ures are co- vend xvitb wooden tops: lonie ot the ^vui icv^-.w- - ferf ether qviartcrs, of a populous town ; fonu', of a contemptible village ; others, of a treat capital. Mofcow is cert..,nl> the b^^cftcity in Europe; its circ.miterence, w'Thin the rampart, that indoles the fuburbs. bcintr 16 mileS ; but it is bu.lt m ' ' ' ula moft magnificent in Molcow, and has been long appropriated to the coronation of the Ruffian l"overci£,.is. Among the public itiftitutions in Mofrow, is the Foundling Hofpital, endov.-ed, in 1764, bv the prelent emprefs, and (upported by voluntary contributions ; to encourage fuch a -draeghng "^^'^^J^' ^' , which, her majefty grants t„ all benefac tiot, ccrr«lpc"'J»' in "'\^^;!'',";7" ^/^ tors fome vahinble privileges, nt propor- extent. It has, '^°^^'^'^'V'. ^^^VP^^"' tion to the extent of their liberality ; and. .v.n .:«rtnned: it «■-"»"'' ;""'^j^J '^^ u i. remarkable, that a private merchanr rHinpms 250,000 louls. It is.«ui tnt «r ^^^^^ M O S ity in the empire, not- rrfi'ltncc of t!lt court 13 llcrt the chief nnbks Hot bi-lonj;; to tl'.c court : ovt a large r.vimbcr of rc- thcir taftc for a ru.lcr ;ind iiini;niticcni.f, in the an- vlc; and arc not, as at Lclipfed by the luperior ic court. The plicts of I in MoCcnw, inchiding t tn above 1000 ; of rhtlc, churches ; \c)r) of wliicli uciocd, or wliitcwalheil ; s of wood, piiinted nd. bells are of a liupcndous g in bslfries detached from e lixcd immovcably to the ire rung by a rope tied to It has always been cftccnied art of religion to prel'tnt a bells; and the piety of the n mcatured by their magni- diniily, Boris Godunuf, who zy the Mrobity and virtue, and will never truft a man who has once deceived thcin. The V have Co great a veneration for the Engliili, that tluy Ipoi.tjiieoiiny put themlelves and their 1 mds under the pro- tei'lion and dominion of the crown of Gnit Rritam. Tliii was firrt done, when the duke of Albemarle w.15 governor of Jamaica; and the king of the Mufquitos received a ("ininiilloii from his grace, un- der the Ital of that ifland ; finee which time, they were not only fteady in their alliance wiih the luigliili, but warm in their affeiition, and verv ul'eiul to them on many otijfion:.. When the king died, the male lieir went to Jamaica, to certify that he was next in blood, and received a commiliion in form from the governor of Jamaica, to be king of the Muliiuitos; till which, be c uld not be acknowledged as lueh by his countrymen. So fond -.••ere they of cvtry thing Englift, that the com- mr.n people were proud of every Ciiriftian or I'urname given them bv our Teamen, who coiifeiied o'l their chief men the tit'cs of fome of our nobility. But the con lecUon between the Ku^liih und the Mol'quitos no lunger fuh;;lts. Uy a c&n- venti'ju witii Spain, in 17 JO, the Englifh, in conlideration of ceitain ceHi(ns on tl>c coaft of Honduras, agreed to evacuates thit country totally; and ii is now a province of Spam. See HuNHL'K A3. AIobT A<.A>f, an ancient town of ■ the kingdom of Algiers, with a caftlc and a good harbour, i;o miles N. E. of Oiaa. Lon. o. 30. E. Iat. 36. 20. N. Most A R, a conliderahle town of Dal- matia, with a Greek archbilliop's fee. It belongs to the Turks, and is zo miles N. E. of Narenta. Lon. ii>. 37. E. Iat. ^jj. 48. N. Mot A LA, a town of tl'.e kin;;dom of Naples, with a bifhop'sfee ; it is five mile« N. W. of Maftafra, and 1 5 N. VV. of Ta- ranM. Lon. 17. 14. E. Iat. 40. ^(', N. MoTYR, an idand of Afia, one of the Moluccas, of great value to the Dutch, on accounts of its Ipiccs. Lon. 128. 10. E. Ut. o. 10. S. MoiKiL. a feaport of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a good harbour, and a rich fiUicry. It is feated on the Mediierra- nean, 37 miles S. E. of Granada, Lon. 3. 28. W. Iat. 36. 32. N. MouAB, a to.vn of Afia, In Arabia Felix, capital of \tmen, bct\\evo Dan^r and ii liiuf X Jf M O U M O U tna Snnna. It h the t.luAl rcWcncc of the k.n-.t Yemen, nn.l IS k'.tc.l .^ife - tllccoumrv. The Jews arc ..reel t,. he in the r.iburbs cvtry miiht. l.M. 4"- iS- t. lit. I ;. 10. N. ,. town of SwilTerl-nJ, tlic princunil bm,Ah of a buihuick of the lame name, m the Pavs de V;uul. and rurmerly cpita <.f .ill that parr of the omn.ry -;j;'^'\ l;;: ,"^!;^ poiiurd by i.x: cant..n of Hern re,..Ls m ?hTcal'.l/of Luccn',, bmlt on th. lu.n- niltof «n.oun.am, in a hnnt.,.n c««a- inclv piMuvebiur. This ca(,lo, be..,'.C ,hc introduM.nn of tn<, r-.fuvm.u,on be- lonired t.. the b.ihoi„ of Uni.u.r.e. Mm- don b .i.mlcH N. by E.ot L^ulaune. MovLiNV >m epilcon- tmvn of France, m the d.;.nnmtnt of Alhcr and Lc provmcc ./ Bo.irl.o-..no.s. Itufeated en L r.vcr A1.U-, uml tako. ;ts nnme from the fe'.tat nviir.ber of mUls (wvulorO that were fnrmclv in i.'- ne.ahbourhs ii.re (,66 and that this had grcatlv kllt-ial its trade. He alt"> takes iv.nct of a p-rn- cular led of Hmdoos in iht ciry, cal.cd C>ti>y, a tribe, ^^■h.ch he ^.llcwhere ex- plains to meiMi Rajicols, or war.iori ; itut i", the Kiit'.n tri!io. which m.\ior Rcnnell (uppofcs to lie the Ciubo! or Caikei, witli ,vh-m Alexand r warred or, the bunks of th.; Malli. M .uiran is Uarcd on one of tbc liraiKhes of rh:; rwer Indus too milcH S. W. r)f i.ihore, and Sm indcn from the (cean by the cuurl'tof the iiver. Lon. 70. 41... E. lat. 1,). S»- N- ' Moui. r.)N,Sc»i'rn, a town of JJe- vonlhire. wiih a tnarK-t on S.itmday. It was anucntiv, with Ni.rth Moult..n, a r,,Val (l.nienic. Jt teat m-mDers to p u-- lionent in the rti.ni of Edward 1. and is fiill a c )rp( rate "luwn, j^iiVtrncd by R uvnyor, i8 capital ;n,ii.-eflti, a r^'r.'nLr, ^c It i. feAted <'n the nvcr Moul, ir niiies 8. E. of BarnlU'p'c, and i-y W. by S. (f London. Lun. 3- 55- W. lat. 5'- 5. N. ,, Mount Casski., a town or i'ran.c. Sic Casskt.. . Mount EnoF.cuMnr, a prochjMoui hii'h pe.ak. m the tntrance of C..okS Sirnir, in New Zealand, on the W. lute. Its heu'ht 18 Cuppaf.d n ;; tn be nuith in- ferior to that of the IVak of Tenu il. i^.Ioi'SVMiAV, a bay on the b. eoalt o C. rnw.dl, between the Land's End and the Li/ard I'oint. It is ib ;; tn^d*'-'"" « lofty ...etimfulated roek, called Mouiu St. Mich' el. which rifr... within it. A.tu.uK the y , , ad ,0-, N. W. by t>i. of Loadon. Lon. ,. .,. W, lit. <,2. 45- ^'- , . -, M..I.H-. A, a'town o.' Portugal, V\ Aitn- tqo, with an old caftle ; icated at .he eon- fii.cnre ^'i the MV.rs Ar.Uta .r.d C,uad,an.i, s- iT,ilt;s b. E. of Lia-on. Lun. s- S9- ^» • . V-ioiMt/ooic. th. rari"! of Ftz.^nn, in Africa, iUu.t.d on a ;u.i: rl^^er,^and M O U tri'io, which mijor Rennell th« Catbtn or C.ubei, witli ill- warreil <'i\ Uie hunks of il -iilraii ii ka'cd va '.nu of . .hj river Imlu', '.oomile* ort, and '(m mile* i'ldiii tlio ..uric (if the iivtr. Lon. 70. SI. N. )N, SufMi, i town of De. 1 a niarK' 1 on S itovd ly. It ., with Noith M.mlt..n, a c. It !c It Mil iniitrs to ji ir- 1 tii;i! or Eiluaril I. aiikl is rate iown, g'.iVirncd (>v » i[lt;il iH.ij^tflts, rt rccinkr, arcil on il^e river Moul, it f Uirnib'i)'e, and i-y ^^' '»/ Lon. 3. 55. W. lat. 5»- Casski., a town cr France. KnoECUMiu', n proc!if';iou'> ill tiu; iiitr.uicc uf Ci.()!..'s [cw ZoaiinJ, on the W. luk. J fiippoi'iii n j; tn be much ii\- l of the l\.^k of Tenni*!'. ,n,sY, a bay oa the S. t.ir.tt of urwcen tho L;md':i fcnd and I', int. It is lb .iin.Jd fpin a •ulatfd rcok, culled M.aiiii Si. hi.h riff, withui it. Ani'-ng Ml '!ii< \,\rf J the ccift, breeds 1 ch-iiTii, or red-it\;gtd ci.r.'. , for Its propi-rty < f ftcalini; and way wh.iascr ir lintW; wii^ncc :n the tau'.i; of the tiring of hi'htcd bi.iiub conM.ycd to tie M(,i;nt(b:7 is a co!irK!er..blc flicrv. ^ r sr'Lovii, a rtsiular hnreh , in ihc dcpuntncnt of the 'vr.nces Fnd l.ito province of 'built in 16^0, till a rock, .it the r Vvicr.ccs by I.ivvis XIV. for lion of the f ronti<.ru. See Ct K- isiJURi.J., ai>wu in I.ica.lir- ii,;;i;cci from a It^h niuuiit, ^or ., adjoinint; to iite town, of a I, or forrcl- coloured Hoik-, cx- ird. Of roui^h I'.one;., hionday. It v.'..i noted tor- its cartle, and is I'tntcd .n the ir, JO miitSvS. E. by S.of Dcrhy, :<. W. by N. of Loudon. Lon. lit. S2. 4'!- ^'- , . A' A, a ii.wn o. rortiij;.-,!, »n A'tn- i an old ciftb ; icated at -he Lon- " :hc riv< rs Ai.hta .^r.d Guadiana, s! L. of Lilon. Lun. s. 59- V/- . N. , ^ ;'K/ooK. thf rap'->l of Ft? inn, ., iiiuated on a I'niai^ river, and Jupuhea M O U flipplied with water from a multitude of fpringt und wclli. Being fornturly built of flone, it flill retains the appellation of I Chriftian town ; and the medley whi;h It prefents tn the eye, of the valt ruins of yncient building*, and the humble cottages of earth and fand that form the dwellin^js iif its prclcnt Arab inhabitants, is fingu- arly grotefque and ftrange. It is far- rounded by a high wall, which not only •ffbrds the meass of defence, but enables the government to collect, at its three gates, a tax on ail goods (provifions ex- cepted) that arc brought for the fupply of its people. A caravan Itt* out annually from MelTurata to this place ; and hence the Fezzaners themfclvcs difpatch, every {ear, a caravan tn Cafhna, and another to lornou. Mouriook is t6t miles S. of MeflTurata, 650 N. VV. of Bornou, and 7«o N. by E. of Caflina. Lon. 15. 5. E. fat. 17. 10. N. MousuL, or Mosul., a town of Turkey in Afia, in Diarbcck ; fcatcd on the river Tigris. It is a large placp, fur- rpunded by nigh walls, and defended by a ftrong caftle and a citadel ; but the houfcs are ill- built, and in fcveral places gone to ruin. It is a plact of great trade, par- ticiilarly in cloth and all fofts of cottons and filks. At fome (Jiftancc from Mou- fui is a mofque, in which they pretend the prophet Jonah lies. The inltabitants are Mahometans ; but there are a gteat number of Chriftians. In 1743, it was be- fieged by the Perfians, but to no purpofe. In i7;8, this city and the adjacent coun- try were viiited by a dreadful famine, in confequence of the preceding hard winter, and of the innumerable locufts by which the fruits of the earth were dcftroyed. It is 130 miles S. £. of Diarbckar, and 190 N. W. of Bagdad. Lon. 41. ij. £. lat. 35. 40. N. * MousTiERS, a town of Frante, m the department of the Lower Alps and late province of Provence. It is noted for a manufaftory of fine porcelain, and for a <)nce famous pilgrimage, called Our Lady of Beauvezer, feated between two very lofty and craggy mountains. Moufiiers is Hve miles N. E. of Riez. MouTlER, or MoNSTiER, a town of Savoy, capital of Tarentefia, wjth a hand- fome archiepifcopai palace. It is feated 6n the ri^er Jfere, 61 miles N. W. of Turin. Lon. 6. 23. E. lat. 45. 30. N. MouzoN, an ancient town of France, !n the department of the Ardennes and late province of Champagne, with a late rich Benedictine abbey ; feated on the hver Mcufe, eight miles S. £. of Sedan, -.^-:&, -.ii-vi. M U L and i;o N. K. of Paris. Lon. 5. 10. B. lat. 49. 37. N. MoWEF, one of the Sandwich Iflands, i6t miles in circuiiilerciicc. A low ilih> mus divides it into tivo circular penin- fulas, of which the eallern is d..u Ic the file of the weftern. The moiinrain!. in both rile to a yjiM heitjht, and miy be feen at the diOance of more than 39 leagues. The northern fliorcs, like thofc of Owyhee, atTird no foundiniji ; and the country prefents the fame appe.iraiice of verdure and fertility. Near the weft point of the fniallcr peninCiila is a Ip icious ojy, with a TaiKly beach llwuliil with cocoa-nut trees. The country bchinil has a rofn.iiitic apprarancc, the hllN ullni^ al- moll pLTUendicuUrly in a j;reat variety of peaked f...rmc.;,a,..u.ul with r,.r.n,;s. and., recovered arc .he on!yar.lcl.s.,t co.n.rcrc«. Hk r./.n. of li vt"l ancient cili t» arc U«n > n bdonjMnir 10 .he Sin.niil. A.m.ul.., nn..>. bl.>M\ up on iliis t'lill. Mll.L OF C'ANJYR.t TVKK. M U N flat, to m m^nufafturei, ^*l"ch »« ch.tHy „f ,,rintc. l.neni ^nd c.-tions. f " \"- l\,prcn,e power rcfule. in the ^rtat -nd Uolt m.mhcr amount, to 7co. ei.tU.bu.c.l NtiiiluuUn IS 11 niilo N. fc. lat. 47. Lun. 7- *4' Sec Can- into lix trilicii. W. of Baf\l. ^^MiM HKiM.a town of Gtrnv.mv, in the cleft, r.tu «t Cologne, Ce.ad uc.ir the riv>r Rhine. Un. 7- "O- ^- ''"• 5°- •''■^u■M.^KAS. atown of Germanv, in ,hc circle ol Upper Saxony ar.d middle '•'^i. . .. ^w . .,ver of llol.nnla, xvhich h- ?i. l'- l'";. «*.•_'■»•. r*. „.„n,e.-rown of Mt^U'AW.a nverof Uobnma.xvhich rifcs on the tonlinis of Mor.vin, Hnd ruu- nine by I. K. lat.ji. M- f^- f ' MiM LINEAR, the cnutity-tnwn ot ,,, .W.i. .nd-rra,t.e. f.. .nto WeJ Mc.h. . irel.,d. .. h -M^^^^^ ^\;;^no,';:'a'tn of Germany, it, ^rfu:^^:^^:^^^^^^-'^-'' ,1.: orde of Bn.na und a,cl,ln.l. pr-c o cau- n ' J ^^^^ V. It. 53- 3- N. 8..1i/bu.,ii IcHt.d oi ilu: IT...1 Inn, J7 ^-"^ " ' ' ,, ,iv,r ot Atiic. ;nilcsNrW.ofSalwhur,,and40.R-f ^l^ ^ Slu U.S" Mour.t A.U, ..1 Wu,mh. Lon. ^^.^■.. h.. 1.. 4»- '°- J^- J' ' ,,^ ^, ,,,,. „» M„rorc.. from .h.: n..:::^vi:r:Aui.uTu:V;:;:;.::s^. :n,dot> of a^..., f^u i^u-theMc. hi,T^^:^T^ f:f.i:no?^;:^ "M^-^^n'^-^^- -^"^^-^?'.,::' on ihcmc'r Unlirutht, i; t^'''"^; ^/' "* Eilcnaeh. and 45 K- >'y S. of CalTcl. Lon. 10. 4y. I''- Ix- ^', '3' t^- ... MfiUAi-MN. a I'.vvn of AHacc, uixh; tbrm^ r.tua-ed at the «hflancc ot Irnv; nales from the frontiers of Sw.l.er- Granada, iS u'\ 4. iH. W. bt. 3h Lon. ;iini. loiie:. ii.i.. ...- ■• _ ^ , land, and entirely in.-l..ltd wr.lun the d<„ n.inion. <-f France. iMU't or ly in alhince vith the Helvetic o.nfcderacv, out l.^ coii- fulered and relpe^ed as a p.;.t ^>f ^'> ^''f entitled to Ml the pnvi.e.^es enjoyed by t t.tt hodv. Tbc svalU of the tovvn intlo.t .^'circun-.'trence of u.;t iHoie u.an two "n^Ucs ; and v. uhole teintoiv lu confined xvithin a precb-^i of tiuh. lui.e.. IMs little- lepublu- waint.iinLd its privileges, kvhich h.d been grained by the e^niperors ,be feud.d times, by ci.t.adlin^ al- mnces, at d.fF..rcnt peritxU, wi'h Ball, 8:.anu.r,r. the to^vns of A, ace aio Suabia, r.eut, Fribt>rg, and So.eurc. In ,,,,, it ^^as recene. into the Helvetic corfedcruy i vb.ich le:'i;tic lias preferved its liberty and indeptr.Hence trortt the tn- cioachmenu of the en>pi.e, on the one \\l in triint iMal 50. N. MuNDisnoi s. tlte name of a pcopU- xvhohve..n .he fide, of the river Gamb,^ in Africa, and who are of a jet bUk colour, rtroni; ui>d ^^ ell-made. Il.ey bav%neft feu over every year ficu one of 'the Cape de Vcrd lUands, ..> chrirten and many. ,«■ r,r M-uNi.EitK.N(;KN, a toun cf Oer- n.any. in the circle of Suabia fe.i.ed - ,bc Wube, 2; tndes S. W. ot Llm. V M,rNDV, a very ancient c.y of H n- doodan rit.pcr, in tlic r"^''^"^,^'-;, "f ,^ ''. vva.ofvvluchi. vvas.lieC«piU...hou -.0 years auo. It was then deicnbed a, a Jr;d,.lc^s citv. ^^ m.ks .n <^Y^J^:[ containing m..ny inonununts ''f ?"=^ 'J „,,u,nibclce-, butv.bcn.twasy.Uie hy fir'Thonia, Roc. in ^(" ?':''"': I ^l ,T,uch to deeav. It '«"P'-'. ''"= J^J fcvv very lar^e and lofty 'K"""''^'" "' .^"'^ J' ekes were ever placed in a bolder f. u- ation. It is 4^ miles S. of Ou.ein. and Lon. 7S- 47- ^- hand and. c.n'^hr other,' from the .attack* 4-.4 N. E- and iiianv. DKKKIKfii-N', a tOVMl cf Gcr. a the circle of Suahia, ftaitd cii auhc, IS miles S. W. of L'lm. 43.E. l.t.4S. .5. N. JNDL', a vety ancient cuy of Mm- Propci-, in the province of Mjil- vhich it was the CHpilal. aliout ico j>o. It \va^ (lien delcril)ed us .t )iis citv, :i miles in tiruut, and ng ni.iny monuments of anciu-t leiict ; h'lit vs hen it was vilUed hv )ma5 R'.c, in 1615, it was fain n 3 decay. It <'ccupied the top of a -|t!,e and lofty liiuuniHiii -, and few /ere ever placed in a bglder fit li- lt is 4ft miles S. of Oufetin, and E. of Bombay. Lon. 7 5- 47- ^ so. N. NGAis, crMiNKArs, a town c^ Hungary, wiih a hilhop's lee, and i>reKnable caftle, ftated on a hu U M U N ►'.cK', sa-miif* N. B. of Tockiy. Lon. >i. o. IC. lat. 4(. lo. N. MiNiA, or Mk MK, an ancient and a)nlidcra)le t< vn of Airici, in I'.^vpt, fcattd oil the river Nile, 140 iniliii b. of Cairo. Tlic vtlliU that );o ilown llic Nile arc obli^;fd to lh)p h«ie and piv ctr- tain tliitiei. Tli< re an- li%cr.il liioUiuen ■Mid a '^rtit ntiiiibii i\ ^,r tniie piilurs. Lon. 31. 10. K. lat. 17. 4^. N. Munich, one of the moll pliafant and p'lpulnus cifiti in fJ/rrnany, cipital of ilie dm liy of Ka\aiia. 'I'he houfei arc hit'h, and th': ftreets Ur'^r ind Ipaeiinit, with oinals in many ol ihcin. The* paiace of th>; late eleMurs id liavari.i, winch now beionijs to tlie ih'rtor palatine of the Kiiine, as (liikcot K.iv.iria, is a lliipeiul'iiiH ftriifture, m njniiKciitlv adorned. The cibinet of curiolitiLS, the iili ii. of Ratilbon. L.n. 11. 36. li. kit. 4><. 10. N. MiNMKH, a ftivi-rc'j'M Mfliopric rf Cieimaiiy, in the circle of WeUplialia, 110 Piiiis in Itrgih, and So in br» 'dih. 'file river Kmb'; runs jcrofi it, from E. tr) y/. li is bounded on the N. hy the counties nf B.nrhcitn and Stenfor' ; on the E. by the bil.'i(, afitr 14 months fugc, when he was tortured to death witli rtdliot pincets. The famous M U R fr?ltv, c Il.il the treaty of U'lftplialij, was conrl.uhd hue in ift4S,\vhiili put at*. ci'.d to the relikji' ui wars of ;o yc.irs con- tinuance. It I. !ia>ud on ihc river Aa, 70 iiiili';NlTER. u^Rc;. MuNSTKtl MkINFI LOT, a tcwn of (itiaianv, in rlie rirde of the Lower II R liiii'.' 'ii'd tic A.Tate of Treves, i- rni'e* Lon. 7, 18. E. lat. S. VV. of Couitntz. 50. I';. N. r.li'KA';", an Ifland and town 'if ImIj', about a mile from Venice, formt riy a veiy tlourilhiiii; pi ice, -vluch fti I boafts cf forne palaces tl;at bear the marks of former 111! jiiuHctnce, thoui',h now in a fl "e of de- cay. The llland. is laid to contain 20.000 Inhabjiiints. The great in..nufa£l< iHcs of lookinii, j^lafi are tlie only ini!i:cements which (h aiu'.ers have to vllit this place, whidi forni'ily ftwed all l'",iir<'pe with 1 )i!kuifr-t;lallts. Jiidcnd of r^ciinr calf, as in 1' upland .and France, the Muiano mir- ror., are all blown in the manner 'f bottle:. Lon. (2. s- h" '^'. 45. i(>- N. JVIuKciA, a pri;vince, formerly a kinj^. dum of Spain ; b.iunded 'in the N. by Nt'w Caiiile ; on the E. by Vali-ncia ; .in the W. by Andalurn and Granada ; and on the S. by the Medittrrancaa, It is about f^i inil'.s in length, and 'i in breadth. Its pilticipal river is S':j:iira. The foil is dry, hutaufe it I'eldom rains here, and thercfure it prgduces htrle lorn or wine ; but there is plenty of orar.^rs, citrons, lemons, olives, almonds, mulber.* rici, rice, pulfe, and fugar. It has alfo a C g I t;icat li it r M U S great deal of filk. The air is very health- fu!, and the principal town is of the fame name. MuRCiA, a large, handfome, and po- pulous city of Spain, capital of a province of the fame name, with a bifliop's fee. It has a fuperb cathedral, the ftairs of whofe fteepie are fo contrivfd, that a man may ride up to the top, either on horfcback or in a coach. It is fcatcd in a plain, which ihoiinds ifi fine gardens about the city, in ' which are the btft fruits in Spain. It is feated on the river Segura i-j miles N. of Carthngena, and iii S. F. of Madrid. Lon. o. 36. W. iat. 38. 1. N. Mt'RKT, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Garonnt and late pro- yinrc of Gafcony ; feated on the river Ga- ronne, 10 miles S. of Touloufc. Lon. i. 18. E. Iat. 4j. 16. N. Mi'Ro, an epifcnpal town of the king- dom of Naples ; feated at the foot of the Appennines, i» miles S. E. of Conza. Lon. 15. 45. E. Iat. 40. 46.N. * WvRRAY Frith, a confiderable inlet of the fca, on the E. coaft of Scot- land, between Tarbetnefs, in Rofsfliire, •n the N. and Brough Head, in Murtay- fliire, on the S. MuRRAYsHiKE, or Ei.c.rNSHinE, a cotmty of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the frith of Murray ; on the E. by Banff- fliire ; on the S, by a point of Aberdcen- fliire, and by Invernefslhire ; and on the W. by that county and Nairnefliire. It extend"! from S. V/. to N. E. about 50 miles, and along the coaft about 10. Its foil, for the greateft part, is rich, and pro- duces wheat, barley, oats, and flax. The principal rivers are the Spcy, Findhorn, and Loiiie. The county -town is Elgin. MuRKHART, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and uuchy of VVir- tcmburg, with a Benedi£line abbey. It is feated on the river Mur, eight miles from Halle. Lon. 9. 51. E. Iat. 49, 14. N, MussKLBUUGH, a feaport of Scotland, in Ediiiburghftiire ; feated on the frith of Forth, at the mouth of the river Elk. It is remarkable for a vidlory obtained here by the Englilh over the Scots, in the reign ot Edward VI. It is fix miles E. of Edin- burgh. Lon. 3. 5. W. Iat. 56. o. N. MuswELL Hill, a village in Middle- fcx, fituatcd N. E. by N. of Highgate, ana five miles from Londoii. It takes its name from a famous well on the hill, which belonged to the fraternity of St, John of Jerufalcm, in Clerkenwdl ; and, as this was deemed a miraculous cure for all fcrcphulous and cutaneous diforders, they here built a chapel, with an image of •ur Lady of Mi'iwcil, to which there ufcd MY S "™' -- to be a continual rcfort of pitienw* TTjFj well, it is remarkable, does now belong to the parifh of ClerkenwelJ. MubiAc;AM, a feaport of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers, with a good caftle, 140 miles W. of the city of Al- giers. Lon. 0. 3. W. Iat. 36. 30. N. MusACRA, a feaport u Spain, in Gra- nada, with a ftrong caftle, feated on a mountain ; 17 milf i N. E. of Almeria, and 6» S. W. of Carthagena. Lon. 2. 36. W. Iat. 37. II. N. MuYDEN, a town of Holland, feated on the river Vecht, on the S. coaft of the Zuider-Zee, feven miles E. of Amfter* dam. Lon. 5. i. E. Iat. 5*. «. N. Mycene, formerly the capital of a fa- mous kingdom in the Morea, but now re. duced tu a fmall village. Myconk, an ifland of the Archipela. go, about 30 miles in circumference. The Harbour is very open, and deep enough for the largeft fliips, where they may ride fecure from the N. wind. There are about 500 feafaring men in the ifland, who belong to about 150 veffels of all forts, and are accounted pretty good failors. The foil is dry, and the moun- tains are of a great height. The inhabit- aiiis lofc their hair foon after 10 years, and yet they arc a comely handfome Ceople. Water is very fcarce in fummer ; ut in the town there is a large well, which is the only one in the ifland. In this ifland are plenty of partridges, quails, woodcocks, turtledoves, rabbits, and wheatears ; bcfide which, there are ex- cellent grapes and figs. Almoft all the inhabitants are Greeks, who have 50 churches in all ; but many are chapels ; and fome monafteries. Two or three European nations have confuls here, and ^et very few (hips frequent it. Lon. jj. 51. E. Iat. 37. 28. N. * Mysore, a town and fortified poft of the peninfula of Hindooftan, the ancient capital of the kingdom of the fame name, eight miles S. of Seringapatam, the pre- fent capital. * Mysore, a kingdom in the penin- fula of Hindooftan, fubjeft to a celebrated prince, named Tippoo Sultan, who ftyles himrelf regent of the country. His do- minions begin on the W. of the ridge of mountains beyond Dalmacherry, Sautgud, and Attore, and extend fouthward to Travancore and Madura ; northward t9 Soonda and Vifiapour (enveloping Adoni, the territory of the late Bazalet Jung) nonh-eaftward to Guntoor and Ongole, and weftward to the fea. ' They compre- hend, generally, the provinces of My- Ibre Proper, Bednore, Coirabettore, Ca- DUtf M Y S jual refort of pttientt* Thit narkablc, does now belong to Clerkenwell. AM, a feaport of Africa, in r\ of Algiers, with a good miles W, of the city of Al- , c. 3. W. lat, 36. 30. N. A, a feaport o; Spain, in Gra- a ftrong caftle, feated on a 17 milf^i N. E. of Almeria, W. of Carthagena. Lon. i. 37. II. N. N, a town of Holland, feated r Vecht, on the S. coaft of the :, feven miles E. of Amftw . 5. I. E. lat. 5». «*. N. E, formerly the capital of a fa« lorn in the Morea, but now re* frnall village. rE, an ifland of the Archipelfl- ;o miles in circumference. The very open, and deep enough ^cft fliips, where they may ride m the N. wind. There are feafaring mcR in the ifland, ng to about 150 veffek of all I are accounted pretty good rhe foil is dry, and the nioun- f a great height. The inhabit- their hair foon after »o years, they arc a comeljr handfome k^Vater is very fcarce in fummer ; e town there is a large well, the only one in the ifland. In 1 are plenty of partridges, quails, s, turtledovci, rabbits, and i ; befide which, there are ex- •apes and figs. Almoft all the ts are Greeks, who have 50 in all i but many are chapels ; e monafteries. Two or three 1 nations have confuh here, and few fliips frequent it. Lon. 45. It. 37. i8.N. _,,.., - SORE, a town and fortified poR ninfula of Hindooftan, the ancient F the kingdom of the fame name, les S. of Seringapataai, the pre. tal. . ^ fsoRE, a kingdom in the penin- aindooftan, fubjeft to a celebrattd named Tippoo Sultan, who ftyles regent of the country. His do- begin on the W. of the ridge of ins beyond Dalmacherry, Sautgud, :tore, and extend fouthward to core and Madura ; northward t» and Vifiapour (enveloping Adoni, ritory of the late Bazalet Jung^ •afliward to Guntoor and Ongole, ftward to the fea. • They conipre- generally, the provinces of My- roper, Bednore, Coimbeicore, Ca- '^ nar»* Nira, tnl Dlndigul ; beflde the conquefts of hi« late father Hyder Ally (who ufurped the throne) to the northward ; namely, Meritr, Soonda, Chittcldroog, Harponelly, Sanorr, Bancapour.Roydroog, Gooty, Condanorc, Canoul, and Cudda- pi. The extent of Tippoo's territory, from K. to S. is about 550 miles ; its breadth, in the widcft place (the N. part of the peninfula) 330 miles, but proceed- ing to the S. it diminiihes, till it ends in a point. Its area has been compared to that of Great Britain. By the peace of 178*, Hyder Ally was to relinqiiifh all but his ancient paffelfions. How far his fucceflbr fulfilled the terms of that treaty, cannot eafily be afcertained ; but, on the termination of the late war, that prince agreed, over and abore^a large payment in money, to cede one Kalf of his domi- nions to the Englilh E. India Company, and their allies, the Mahrattss and the riram of the Deccan. A defcendant of the Hindoo king of Myfore, whom Hyder dethroned, is living, and is kept a ftate prifoner at Seringapatam, the capital of Tippoo. The country, in general, is dry, rugged, mountainous, and barren ; infomuch, that fuftenance for men and animals cannot be raifed upon it but by the moft perfevering induftry in its in- habitants. It lies between 10° and 160 N. lat. N. . NABURG, a town of Germany, in Bavaria, feated on the river Nab, 10 miles S. E. of Ambcrg. Lon. 12. 13. E. lat. 59. 43. N. Naerden, a ftrong town of Holland, tt the head of the canals of the province ; feated on the Zuider-Zee, 14 miles E. of Amfterdam, and 1 5 N. of Utrecht. Lon. 5. 9. E. lat. 5*. 40. N. Nagera, or Nagara, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, with a fort. It is three miles N. W. of Calahorra, and 138 N. of Madrid. Lon. 4. 10. W, lat. 42. 14. N. N^GIBAKIA, a town of Tranfylvania, on the confines of Upper Hungary, and feated on the river Zarud, 14 miles from Zatmarbania, near which there are filver mines-. Nacold, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and duchy of Wirtem- bu'g, to miles W. of Tubingen, with a firong caftle. * NAGPOtJR, the capital of that part of Berar, a foubah of the Deccan of Hin- 4^aB, wbicb ia fubje^t to the chief of the Eaftern Mahrattas. Tt is a city of mn« dern date ; but, th(nii;h cxtcnfive and po- pulous, is meanly built ; and, cxctpting a ill citadel of no Itrength, is open and tencelefs. Nagpour is 560 niiks W. by S. of Calcutta. Lon. 79. 46. E. lat. 41. 8. N. Nahar Melek, ,» tjwn of Afia, in IracArabia, feated ul..' the Euphrates, 20 miles from Kufali. Lon. 45. 40. E. lat. 31 10. N. Naharvav, a town of Afia, in Erac. Ar.ibia, feated on a branch of the Euphra. tcs, five miles from Kufah. Lon, 4^. 37. E. lat. 31. 25. N. Nairn E, a borough and feaport of Naimelhire, in Scotland ; feated at the entrance of the frith of Murray, 10 mile» E. of Invernef=, and 104 N. of Edin- burgh. Lon. 3. 51. W. lat. i;?. 33. N. Nairneshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the frith of Mur- ray, and inciofed on every other fide by the counties of Invcrnefs and Murray, Its extent from N. to S. is about 1 j miles, and its breadth about 12. Th£ foil, though rocky, is rich, and, in general, well cultivated. Nairne is the county- town. Naksivan, a celebrated town of Afia, in Armenia, capital of a province of the fame name, with an archbifliop's fee. It is feated between the towns of Erivan and Tauris. Lon. 4?. 30. E. lat. 38. 40. N. NAMAHr,a mountain of Sicily, in the Val-di-Demona, between Meffina, Taor- mina, and Mclazzo. Namptwich, a town of Chefliire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the river Weaver, which runs through the middle of it, and is a large, well-built town, with a handfome church. Here are fait fprings, which lie on the banks of a frefli-water ftream, from which they make great quantities of white fait. The principal dairies of Cheflfire are about this town. It is 26 miles ol E. of Chefter, and 162 N. W. of London. Lon. 4. je. W. lat. 53. 6. N. ' N AMUR, a large and rich town of the Netherlands, capital of the county of Na- mur, with a ftrong caftle, feveral forts, and a bifliop's fee. The caftle is built in the middle of the town, on a craggy rock. In 1692, this place was taken by Lewis XIV. in pcrfon, after a fiege of fix days only ; but in 1695. it was retaken by king William, after a long and bloody fiege, although it was defended by 16,000 men under .l.e command of marflial Boufflers, and marftial Villeroi was in the neigh. bourhood, at the head of 106,000. On the death of Charles II. king of Spain, G g I thr •N A N the French kVitd this city ; ^"f " ^'f. ofUtrcclu. ;>,, :.=,n was allowed oe Lh dd^H,vcJ,hcfort,n«u,nsofnU trbVric- touns. except Uwlc of Ne new 'Tht ri,ft, though in-c,;..!n!ybu>.t,sr,cn -j- 'i oonuloi.s «"d cont.nis the p.iu-e ot ?h •a^.c'u nt dukes of L.rvain •, a.d .he,r r a>o ch of ^rLe C.Aulier. and is, ;., m-n-i'urc.are ianb,;u>-e ot tt^at nei.m^ r^o'li" ,"nd duke, of TuUany u Fl rcr.cr. TlK new to • n, ubole a.etts ■!' " tai^'bt as a Une, wa- already .ne yf \.£-S'bur'li^Frencbd.n,U.hed,h. t^' c,aed J'. France )...;.aty^of . :^T.sl^;::t;ldio?t4^^^.1Jc,a^, '■ ate^'tntheNo^-.hciaando b.ntomu, ^U^ilciincircttmfercncc. tbas^h - • iour. The mouiu.uu.ute notV,in£ out b.rs N A N- rocks, and here arc not fprings ftifficieitt tji water uie hcUls. The .nhah.tants arc all Greeks, and an idle fort ot people, whole iiade cunr.ih in onions, wax, and honey. 'Ihere are a vaft number of partridges, whole c.'s: . arc deflroyed every ycartoprc- fcrve th'e cm; which lias not the de.ired tffeft. for t'ere arc ahvay . great numbers of them. The ruins of the temple ot Apollo are yet to he reen, and confift ch'cfly of mirbls columns. Lon. i6. 10. b. Ut. i(>. i;. N. , . Nances ACKI, a large and famous town of Japan, in the iiland o Ximc Filen, wi.h a we.l-frequented h»>l>"^r. The inhabitants arc very debauched, and carry .m a great trade wi.h the Chmcfe andDutch. Thclatter arc never luuvred to come into the city, uplel. when their ftips arrive, and then tiiey dehvcr up their gur.s, helms, and faiis, as pledgts ot their goi d b.haviuur. Lon- iiS- 5^- ^• 1;: Jl. 32. N. .If Nankini;, a citv of China, capital of the nrovince of Kianuan. It is the largcft in China, be,:ii.^ 17 n.iles in ciiruipference, and ab;.ui ihiee miles dulant from the Kreat tiver Yanu-t Jl-Ciuang, from which canals are cut, fo large, that velTels may tiMcr the town. This place is greatly fallen from irs ancient iplendnur ; tor it had a mai.ninceiit palate, which is quite deftroyed, as well as nianv ancicir. -lioiiu. niencs ; and a thud part of the c.y it elf is delolate. The ftrccts arc narrow, hut hnndfomc and w.U-paved, and on each fule are .Imps, neatly furn.lhed. The pub- lic buudinijs are mean, except a tew tem- ples, the cuy gates, and a tower of porce- lain, .00 feet high. They have le^Tral ■manafaf:tories of tilk and wool The number of the inhabitants is (aid to be 1,000,000, without including the garrifon of 40,oco men. Here the phvlx.ans have their prin/.oal academy. It is 500 miles S. S. E. or Tekin. Lon. 119. 25. Ii-- lat. ^''N^^NThs, an ancient town .-f France, in the depirtmeot of Lower Loire and hte province of Brctagne, with a hifhop s fee, and a un.verf.ty. It is one of t.,e molt conlHteraDle pLices in the kmgdom, and contains the richeft merchants. J-t was formerly the refidence of the duke, of Bretagne, who built a ftrong <;aiUe on the r.de of the river, which ftiU exifts. I U cathedral contains liie tombs of the ancient dukes. The brid-es over the river Loire, in which are lome iOands, are almolt a lea:-uc in IcnL^h. The luburbs are lo large, that theV c>.ceed the city. 1 he in- habitants are .computed at ->c,ooo. 1 Uv mcrclunu have cuaimonly, on their ov^ .1 ■ ■ ■ • • ■ • account^ N A K ;i-e arc not i'pnncjs fiiffickiu t» Ids. TUo inli^liitdnts are all an u\h I'ort ot people, whofe s in onions, wax, and hoiitv- 1 vaft number of irartridges, ircJcdrovcd every ycart-prc- rn; which has not the (Itlircil 'ere are aUvav • gi'eat numbers The ruins c'f the temple of ; yet to he icen, and conha iirbls columns. Lon. i6. lo. E. SACK I, a largt and f.nnoui japan, in the iiland of Xvmo- h a well-frequented harbour. )itants arc very debauched, and L .Meat tride with the Chincle 1.'' The latter arc never fuu-Lred nto the city, unlefi. when their Vfi, and then tiles' deliver up i, helms, and fsiis, as pledgts of \ h.haviuur. Lua. ii8. 5^- ^' :.N. ... iNi;, a citv of China, capital ol nee of Kianuan. It is the largeft , bcwiir 17 nS, which ■was revoked in 16s:;, by Lewis XIV. to the great detriment of the population and indir'vy of the kingdom. It is ?7 miles S. W. of Angers, and 117 S. VV. of Paris. Lon. 1. zS. W. lat. 47. 13- N. . , Nan'tua, a town of France, in the department of Ain and laie province of Breffe. Charles tlie H Jd was interred la this to.vn, which is fuuaied at the extre- niity of a great lake of the fame na.no, |S miles S.^E. of B urg. ' NANTUCKtT, an iiland of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Mar.aehufcts «_;f which it is a county. It lies to the S. of Cape Cod, and had once the m.)ft confidcrable whale fifiury on the coail ; but it was almoft ruined by the civil war. It has begun, however, to revive lately; the greateft part of the inhaoit- am^' being whalers and ii(iieriiien. As the ifland is low, fandy, and uarren, it is calculated for fueh people only as are will- ing to depend alniolt emirely on the watery element for fubilttence. It iias ';uc one toivn called Sherburne, and lends one member to tli*; genera! alTeiiilny- It is £0 tuples S. of Bollon. Lou. 70- 30- W. lat. 41. o. N. ■■ Napaul, a province of Ilmdoottan Proper, bounded on the N. W. by Siri;. ,- gur i on the N. R. and. R. by tke ridge of mountains called Himmaltli, by which it is fiparatcd from Thibet ; on the S. by Kahar; and Jp the W. by Oiide and th: country of the RohiUas. Caunandu is the capital. NAPLtb, an ancient, large, ri;h, and trading cuy of Italy, one of the fuiell in the world, capital of a kingdonitf tlic lame name, with an arclibilhop's fee, anel a umverlitr. It is feate^i at liie bottom ot the bav of Naples, and is built in the form of a vail amphitheatre. Hoping fiom the hills to the fea. Althou'jii the ftvle of archittfture is infeiior to what pre- vails at Rome, and it cannot vii; with that city in the number of palates, or in the mafrnificenre (.f the diurehcs, the private Houfes, in general, aie beticr hiplt, and the llretts are bv. ader and better paved. No lirtet in Rome equals iii beauty the Sttada di Toledo at Naples; nor tan anv of tlieiii be compared with :he beautiful llrtcts which lie open to the bav. '•This," fays Dr. Moort, " is ihe native countr/ of 'the Zephyrs : here tae txeelUve- heat (if the funis often tempviei with feabitezes, and with gale., vuittiii^^ the perfumes of the Canipagna Felice.'.* The houi'es, in general, arc live or lix Ho- nes in heigiit, and llat at the top; i.a which are placed numbers of tlower v !^.;ji^ or fruit trees, in u. xe. of earth, produei^ a very aay and agreeaole (He6l. The V>1g trefs ol St. thMo i- I'udc on a mountain .of the lame name: theganilon ha>. thetriiite command of tb.e town, and could lay it in a'.hcs at plcafure. L iver do'.vn on the fame laoun'ain, in a delightful fuuation, is a eonveni of Carih'.nians, on which much expencc has i)een lavi.lied, to render the building, tiie apartment;,, and the garden?, equal to the r.luitioii. Naples is admir- ably litu'ted for commerce ; and no l.injj- dc ;ii prod'acesthe necelTaries and luxuries of life in greater profufum ; and yet trade is bur m a laio.;ui'liinj; condition. The beft filk;, come fr ni Lyons, and the belt woollen clolir. from Kng'and. Tiic chief articles nianura'>ured here arc lilk. (lockings, (bap, loutr boxes of torroiro (hell and .-f t'-*' lava of Mount Vtfuvius ; tables, and orn:uuentil furniture, of mar- ble. Tlicv are viiou^,lu to embroider here better tlian in Fiance ; and their macaroni is prri'ei red to that made in any part of Itaiv. They exceil alfo in liqu'Ts and confessions;' partie-ai irly in ore kind of confection, ralkd D'aboionis, \» inch is fold at i very high prict. and is of aver.' hot and iViiuulaung natu.e. The- inhabirsnfs ari: eoinpu't-d to be Vi^-oo- ; w'licli is vary prooalde ; f.r thourh Naples is not one thiid of ihe lize of i.-ood n, yet m-any of tlic itrejts arc here more crowdei, lawytrs, nobility, footu'en, and la/faroni, or vagabond-,, furpiffes a'l reafona .'c pro- |5orti'jn ; and the lift alone are crtiupiit^ . at above ^o.occ. If thefe poor .tcHows are uncmp'ancd, it is not ^htir.own fault: they are tintiuud!-- running about the G g 4 ilrcets» NAP ftreets, offering their fervice, and begging fortr.M.l.>ymenlThenob.lity«recxceffive- IV fond of Iplendour and (how ; .s appears Vv th. l.riUiancy of their equipages, the J.n.Uruf their attendants, the r.chnc s of their drefs .nd the grandeur nf the.r titles. The king, it ts laid, counts a hundred ptrfonswhh the title of prince and ftill a Rreater number with tliat or dut amonu his fubjefts. Six or leven of ibclchxv" eUait!,, from loto i3-'^ool- avnr; a or.hderable lUi.nber hav'^tor- tunei of about half that amount ; and the annual r.vcu. of many is ";•' ^^'^^^ "";- or two tio.Mand pounds. The inferior orders of nnbility ..re much poorer ; ii«ny counts and marquifes not havinf^ above thrte or four hundred pounds a year pa- ternateftate; .aany ftill Icfs ; and not a few ei.iov the title without anv eflate v,hati:vc.-. Although tlic churclics and convenis -f Naples are not to be compared • with th 'e at Rome in point of architec- ture,vlicv lurpals them in i:c'.. jewels, and in the -i^ntity of filver and goiden cruci- fixes, vcflTels, and other ornaments. 1 he cntbcdral is a noble Guthic edi ice in xvhich are kqU th-- head and olood of St. Taouarius.ihc tutelary famt of Naples ; the Utter in iwo glafs or crvftal vials. The pretended liquefaftion of the dry blond, as foon as brought near the head of the faint, is well known : "It is fays Mr. Addifon, " <>ne of the mod bimgling .ricks I ever raw." Of all the palaces, that of the king is not only the inoft magnificent, hut in the beft Ityle of trchite^ure. The v irbour, wnich is fpa- cious i'- protcfted bv . -n ile, iiy the Ca.- tt! del Uovo, the Cahel Nuovo, and leve- ,al batteries; but thtfe could not p.otcft the city from the effeascf a bombardmy 'he Ecdefiaftical State, ■ t,n the 's". and W. by the Mediterranean, ard , n the E. by the gulf of Venice. Its gt'acft length, f-m N W. to S. E^s j8o miles, and from N. E. to S. W. fr,..-.vy6 to .CO. It is divided into it provinces . namely, Terra di Lavoro, ivhich was the i.icient C impania Felix, . and-'^f which the city of Napics is the capital } Ptinupato Citeriore and Ultc- . . . I - ,. • p-'a- ; - ^"~"^""N A P riore (hither and farther) ; Molifr, Bi- fdicata, Calabria Citeriore and Uheriore, Abruzzo Citeriore and Ultcdore, Cap.- linata, Terra di Bari, and t^''^^ i^^ tranto ; the laft three forming the aneicftt Apulia (now called Pugha) on the E. fide of the kingdom. Aft.r many revo- lu-i<-ns, the Normans became mailers ot this country, in the eleventh century ;and the f^vtre'igns were called counts, then dukes, and afterward kings of Pug'^ r bu', :n .z3i, Peter HI. king of Arra. er-n, CHufed all the Normans in th^; ifland of hicily to be maffacred ; and this maf- fac r w;v. called the Sicilian Vefpers. A:>cr this Puglia was jomed ^?C^'-L whence the fovereigns have had the tit e of King of the Two Sicilies, for about »6o ye\rs paft. It has alfo been cal- led the kingdom of Naples, from its ca. pital. France and Spam contended for Ihe fovereignty in the fequel, and bloody wars and revolutions were the confequf.nce. The French being defeated by the Spani- ards in ,^04. Lewis XII. formally re- nounced all pretcnfions to the crown and the country was i,overn6d by Spamji vice- toys. In .647. happened the dreadful m- furreftion of Maffaniello m the city of Na- ples, by which the Spaniards were nearly expelled. The people, I'o^vever, return- ing to their allcgfance, on the affaffinat.on of Maff.niello, the Spaniards continued in peacea\)le polTeffion of the kingdom tiU ,707, when u was conquered by prince Eneene. and ceded to the emperor by the treaty of P.nadt in 1714. It was recover- ed, i^ow^ver, by the Spaniards m 1734. and the eldeft fon of the king of Spa.4 is nov king of Naples and Sicily. The kingdom oi Naples is a fief of the Hoy See ; and the tenure by which it is held is the annual payment of 6000 ducats, and the fending of a white palfrcv to the pope Lafely, however ^is Neapolitan nvieftv has Ihown a difpofuion to t> litt the papal claims, which h^ been produc- tive of^erious diiputes. The title of t^e king's eldeft fon is Pnnc% of Calabria. Thl cHmateis extremely h««, efp«cially m JuU-, Aucuft, and September. Mr. Bry- doiVe del. ribcs it as one of the moft meon- ftant and unfavourable to Y'^'«'"f X"u He was affured that m forne feaf(«is it L rained every dav for fix or (even weeks together. But the moft difagrec- able part of the climate, he adds, .s the firocc, or S. E. wind, which is very com- mon in May, and is infinitely more re- laxing, and gives the vapours in a mUj^U hi.her degree, than the worft of the rafny months of November in Great Br - tain! In wiater there is feldom any •« •r NAP J and farther) ; Mol'ifc, Ba- >ria Citeriore and Ulteriore, eriore and Uluidore, Capii I di Bari, and Y'^r-n d'O- ,aft three forming'the ancirtit called Puglia) on the E. ,inj!;doni. Aft<;r many rtvo- N> rmans became mailers of in the eleventh century ; and ns v%cre called counts, then afterward kings' of Puglia: A, Peter III. king of Arra- all the Normaiib in th?; ifland be mafiacred ; and this maf- called the Sicilian Vefpers. rui,lia was joined to S'xik, • i'overeigns have had the title ■ the Two Sicilies, for about paft. It has alfo been cal- igdom of Naples, from its ca- nee and Spain contended for gnty ill the ftqviil, and bloody ;volutions were the confequence. :h being defeated by the Spani- ;o4, Lewis XII. formally re- 1 prttenfions to the crown, and y was j,overned by Spanilh vice- 641, hanpened the dreadful in- of Maffaniello in the city of Na- kvh'ch the Spaniards were nearly The people, however, return- ir allegiance, on the alTaffination licllo, the Spaniards continued in pr.?reflion of the kingdom till len It was conqlieii;J by prince and ceded to the emperor by the Prfiadtin 1714. It was recover- vt:r, by the Spaniards in i734j lideft fon of the king of Spaii in>r of Naples and Sicily. The ot Naples is a fief of the Holy d the tenuie by which it is held nua! payment of 6000 ducats, and ing of a white palfrev to the Lately, however, his Neapolitan has ihown a difpofition to oTift il claims, which has been produc- Itrious difputes. The tide of the Ideft fon is Princ% of Calabria. '^ rate is extremely he*, efpecwUy m ■ iitruft, and September. Mr. Bry- l,:ribes it as one of the moft incon- d unfavourable to valetudinarians. i alTured that in fome fcafOis it ned every dav for fix or fevcn together. But the moft difagree- rt of the climate, he adds, is the :ir S. E. wind, which is very com- May, and is infinitely more re- and gives the vapours in a much degree, than the worft of the lontlis of November in Great Bn In winter there is fcldom any »c ' ' NAP or fnow, except v>n the mountains. On account ot its t'tttili y, the c nintry is juftly teiiiicd a terri. (trial pri.dii"c : it abounds with all forts of grain, tlie (intft ■ fruits and vc^fi tables i.f all IsinJtt with rice, flax, oi!, •■•ine, faffron, and manna. It affords air aUim, vitriol, I'lilptuir, rcck- crjftal, marble, ;ind feyeral torts of mine- ral;, together wiiii fine wool and li!!-;. Bc*"ide thefe produfts, and the nianufar- hues fpoken of in our acount of the city of Naples, waillcoats, caps, (lockings, and gloves are alfo made of the ha r or (il.i- mtnts of a IhelUfilli, which are warmer than tliofe of woo , and of a bcautilul gbfTy green. The principal mountains are the Appennines, which traverfc ttiis coun- try tr lui S. to N. and the ccLcbrattd volcano, J/l(iunt Vcfuvius. One of the grea'elt inconveniences to which this kingdom is txpofed ij earthquakes (Sec C a i. a nut a), which the eruptions of Mount Vcfuvius contribute, in fojne meafurt, to prevent. The eftablill-.cd religion is tiic Roman Catholic j and the clergy and convents pofTefs two thirds of the whole kingdom ; but the Jews arc allowed to ie:tlc here. The inhabitants of this country have, at i\\ times, borne but an indifFcrent charac- ter annmg other nations : gluttony is here a predominant vice, while iiiftances of ebriety arc comparatively rare. Jn the female ftx, the palhon for finery is almoft fupcnor to auv other ; and though chaf- tiiv is not the chara6lenftic virtue of tiie country, Mr. Swinburne doubts whether a Neapolitan wonjan would not, nine times out of ten, 'prefer a prefent to a lover. That furious jealoufy, for which the nation was once fo remarkable, is now greatly abated. The brciich of the con- im;al vow fometimcsoccafidns quarrels and cHalfinations among people of an inferior rank; and, in the metropolis, ad'alTinations are often pci-petrated from much 1' fs co- gent motives. Of thefe vices, many are doubtlefs owing to the flavery and oppref- fion under which they groin, and to a radical dffe£t in the adminiftration of juflice. Napolt-di-Malvasia, a feaport of Turkey in Europe, in the Morei ; feated on a rock, or httle ifland, at the entrance of the gulf of Napoli-di- Ro- mania. It is defended by a goo It was anciently noted for the temple of ^fculapius, and is 41 miles S. E. of Napoli-di- Romania. T^on. 13. 11 £. lat. 36. 57. N. Sec Ma L- TASIA. ^usetsss'***''-'-'-^' '■■ N A R Napolt-di-Romanja, a feaport of Turkey in Europe, in the Mnrca ; featej at the bott(/m of a bay of the iainc name. It has a lari;e harb'iur, with a narrow mouth, ihri'iigh which one Ihip only can enter at a time. It is a lar^'e place, in- habited by 60,000 Greeks, bcfide people of dirf' rent nations ; is an archbilliop'is fee, and very ftrong both by nature and art. It is ^6 miles S. W. of Athens. Lon. 23. .J.. E. lat. 37. 36. N. Naka, a rich and handl'ome town of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon, with a mauniliceiit c idle, 25 miles from Meaco. Lon. 134. 1 c. E. lat. 3^. so. N. NAUiiAiiTH, a town of Pembroke- fliire, in S. Wales, with a market on ■\\'eilnilUay. It is feated on a hill, and is a pretcy good town, with an old caftle, iz miles N. K. of Ptmbruke, and 429 \V.by N. of London. Lon. 4. 46. W. lat. si'5o. N. NAUi'.oNNE.an ancient city of France, in the department of Aude and late pro- vince of Liinguedoc. Before the revolu- tion of ii^q, it was an archicpifcopal fee. In the time of tiie Romans, it was the capital of that part of Gaul, called Gallia Narl.onenfis ; and it was the birth- place of the emperor Marcus Aurelius. Some Roman infcriptions, in difTerent , parts of the city, are Hill vihble ; and the canal, from the river Aude, throughjtlie city, to the Mediterranean, was cut by the konians. Nurbonne is famous for its ho- ney. In the cutliedral, which is remarkable for its noble choir, is the tomb of Philip the Bold, king of France. Narbonne is five n\i!cs from the Mediterranean, and 75 E. by S. of Touloule. Lou. 3. 6. E. lat. 4?. II. N. Narbokough, an ifland of S. Ame- rica, on the coaft of Chili ; fo called, be- caufe fir John Narborough refreflied his men here, when we was fent to the Soutli Sea in the reign of Charles II. Lon. 74, 35. W. lat. 45.0. N. Nardo, a populous town in the king- dom of Naples, \Vjth a bifliop's fee; 10 miles N. W. of Otrantc. Lon. i8. 16. E. lat. 40. I '• N. Nari;n fa, a toivn of Turkey in Eu- rope, in Dalmatia, with a bifhop's fee ; fe.ved on a gulf of the fame name, 46 fnil( 4 N. E. of Ragufa, and 53 S. E. of SpolttM. Lon. 18.17. E. lat. 43. 35. N. Narxi, a very ancient, rich, and hand- foMi; tou .1 of Inly, in Sabina, and in the ten itory of the church, with a bi(hop'» fee. It contiins a great many noble fami- lies, and IS feaied oii the river Nera, 20 miles S. W. of Spoletto, and 40 N. E. of Kome. Here are the rums of a marble bridge, T! If 1 1 N A R bridge, I'uilr l.v Auv»ifHis, one of whofc »rch«.8>vaf i;o'!vf n.^..m lake Pcpus, rulf uf Fu.land, fight m.k-s below .lint town. ^ 's n.tej for twu imMurCjue w.vcr-falls, Nvhich. liowcvcr, hnv. Inrn „„ pompmidv ilLlcn'ocJ l-y iravc.kr., thcv bcini- far infciior to that of the RhLe .'. bcli^rtlisulcn, of th. ]XM in S-.vcdcn, and the ftupcnilous cataiaas ot Tr.il'.;r.;!3, on the river Gotha. N A r s I N r; A I' A T A N . a to.vn o. Aha, in thencninfuu of ll.ndoodan and t.mtory c, iVina«ui-- "■ th.doim...o.,sofl.ppoo Sultan, 'it w;i il'.e refiucnco turmerlv ot a t.in.', and h fituatcd am.ur 400 miles S. E.'^jf Bombay. Lou. 76. 10. K. ut. i-,- '"'Nakva, a ftrrnp town of the RiifTian emrMrc, whuh, wiiii it> lul)Ui;V.s, -ccor^- inJto af-.rnKrs;eo-r:.ph.caia.vihnn,v htu- atcd partly inlngria.andp..nly.nKi,nn- S, as the river Narova divaUs thoie tv,', provinces; but, in the prclenr new divifion into govcrn.nents, 11 >s cr..nprii- iJinJni^na. or ,he government oil c- terft.urRh. The hou'cs are bnnt of b;icMLc..cd whit. ;a,Kiu has more^tje a^-var.uK-euf a G.rn..an than -f a kul- fiu. town. In the fnburbs called Ivan- .gorod, or Joln--s -.ovn the nn(^'a,M.s Ferr.ains -f nn anc.nr. f.rtrels '.'u. U bv Ivan Valhlivuch the Gtcat, iir.pend m ; p,ftu.eqtie n-,aa..tr *vtr the fteep balks of the ^iaiova. In .70., C luiles XII. or Sweden, then oiilv «c, ■• .1 ■■■auu a -^ ,;. vA.^rv heVe, over the Kclhanb voi- der' Peter the Greit. Arcord.-.j; to M. V"^t irA ,1. 24 n,i!es -from 'he point wi>ere tnat nver ^ae. |-i^t> I..;- = Ph pu^. a..J c„:tt 10m iiraourvrin the.ulf ot hifthaul. Lon. Nn'rv.aH, orNAKW.TA, a to.vn of Agia; feared near \hc nver buKie, uiueh ~~ N A V falls below it, E. by N. into the Jumnt.- li IS ii7 mi;e,s S. of At,ra. Lon. -j. 17. E. Ur. IS- 4."- N- ., ■ N\sH!Y, a villai^e in Nor hampt-n- n,irc, famous for the decifivc v.ot..r\r ^ ruined bv the army of the piuiamtnt over Uvat of C:nr!« Liu ..'.4:. U is i: nrle* N. ofKo'clnmp.on. Lon. i. io. W . at. ■ ^JA-isAU, a town ..f (;eniianv, taptal of a cot "ty o' the lumr n3n:e, the hoile ofwholr (;weieit;n i-, divided into l^verul branclus. It is t cated on i le nver Lohn, ,, irok- S. K.of Cobleni/, and :j ;. t>. h.. ofB..n'. Lon. 7. 4^-V- lat- -o- ■'^•^' Nassau, a countv of Germanv, in t!ie cire-'e of the Upper Rhine ; bminded - n ii,e N. hv Weftpiialii, on the K. by tl county of S. hue., on the »■ bv -he tern- torv of Ment/, and on the W. by the tl .^turare of Treves. It n very fertile, and con-ains mires of iron, copper, and lead The capital iv of the fame nanie. Nata, a leaportof S. America, in the Povern.n..nt ot Panama; leated in a nleafai.t fertile country, on the bay ot I a- rita. 70 miles S. W. of Panama. Lon- 81. It W. lat. 8. to. N. is^viAi,, a country on the E. coaft of Africa, Wins? N. K. of the Cape oi Good Hope, inhabited hv the Bolhman Hotten, tots SeeHof TEKiois.Cou.NXUY OP ^ ""^"Natchi rociiFs, a fine river of N. Aouri.-a, in Louih.iri, which falls mto the Miniifippi, at Point Coupee. NatoLia, a country, tovmevly called Ai-ii Minor. It is the moll wederu pait of rutkey in Afn, and is a lar.ce penin- lula, extendin-from tltenvcrLimiin.es as far as the Aixlnpelago, the lea .i Mar- mora, the Dardanelles, and the ffrait of Conhantinople, which leparate .M from Europe on (he W, 1^ 'f bounded on the N. by the IV.ack Sea, and on the S. by t e M.ar.terrauea,i. It is a v^'^ "[V', ^ an- temrer'.'c «"d wlm eiomc, and the lo ^.eneraly lei tile. 1^ ^^""'V T T., r ,f mountaius formerly cal ed Tau is, from L. to Vv'. and watered by a great numb'- 1' «f rivers. Mavariv.o. a ft-onjr, large, and popii- lous t. wn of Turkev in Europe, m i he k Mca, .vi.han excellent Urge harbour. IfendLlbvtwoforts. Itlsleated'm^ hlll, near the fea, ei^ht miles N. I- "t Modon,and,7N. VV.ofCoron. Lon. ii. JO. K.lat. 37. J.'N- .. „ . , N V V AtutE, a kmudom of Europe, ly- •„. hctv.!r,, France and Spam, and di- vided mto the Upper and I'"-'^^: J ^ Upper belongs to .Spam, ^^"^» '^ f °"^' . miles in length, and 60 in breadth. UK air is vnore'iiuld, temperate, and wnole- ; A V , by N. into the Jumti*.- . of At,ra. Lon. -.). 17. ;. .ilUite ill Nof hamin<-n- ^r 'the ilccifivc vio»')rv my of the pn.i.i'.ntnt n\cr I. ill 1^+:. It i"* '- "^'''^* ion. Lon. i. to, W. at. own •■(■ C;(.Tniiiny, taptal the '.i.mr Mtrc, the lioiie itn i'- tliviilcd into f';vcr.il Vcatcd (HI lie river Lohn, if C.. blent/, a;i(l ^;. i». K. 7. 42. K. lat. ;o. iS. N. ;.>U!itv of Germany, in t'le [ppcr Rliinc ; bmiiukd in I'tpiialii, on tWc R. hy tt e .., on the S. bv the tern- /, and on tl-ie W. by tiie frcves. It n very fertile, iiiier, c.f iron, copper, and 5if.1l iv of t lie fame name, apurt of S. Aiierica, in the ,r Panama ; fcated in a cnnntry, on the biy "f 1 *- S. W. of Panama. Lon. 81. countrv on the E. coaft ot N. v.. of tlie C-ipe of Good ed in- the Bnlhman Hotten- f rEN101!.,CoUNTUV OP trocHFs, a fine river of N. Lomhuri, which falls into >i, at Point Coupee. , a coiimrv, formerly called It is the moll wifttru part 1 Ah 1, and is a laree pepin- IV. fr)iii the river Euonriitcs Archipelago, the lea of Mar- )irdanciles, and the ftrait ot ,1^, which feparate .it from he W, It is bounded on the lack Sea, and op the S. by the an. It is a valt country, the e and wholefomc, and the ioil I tile. It iscrolTedbv a chain us formcrlv called Taurus, \V. and watered by a great v.-o. a ftrnne, large, and popu- it" Turkev in P^urope, m ilic h nn excellent Urge harbour, / rwo forts. It is leated on a he fea. eight niles N. K. ot d 17 N. \V. of Coron. Lon. |,u. 57. 1. 'N. , 4^K, i kingdom cf Europe, ly- tn Fr..uce and Spam, and ai- the Upper and Lower. 1 he loags to .Spain. ■f'^'\f'°%'!^^. ivrtb, and 60 in lircadtll. i»<- e mild, temperate, and wnnle- leir.e inhabitants are | indiiftnoiis. Jt i» divided into live diltn^.t-, whofe cipitd towns are Pannieluna, Eftella. I'udila. Oiita, ^m.l St. Gatca. Lower Ntvnrre bcl..iies to trance, -uid is included in the te.riioryol ]!,ilviULs and department of the Lower Pyre .ees. It is Teparated from Spamlh Navarre by the Pytenees, and is a mount.inoiis, barrcu co.intry, ab.ut lo mde> in k'.ii;th, and li in breadth. From this fouiitiy, the late kins; of France took his other title ui kiiijT of Navarre. See Pa LAIS, St. NaVakrkims, a town ot Friiu-e, in the department of the Lover Pyrenees and Lite territory of Ikarn ; letted on the- .river Gave d'Olero", if> '"iles S, E. of Bayonne. Lon.o. +5. W . lit. 4^ 'V ^'• Navidau, a (eapoit .,1 Mexui, in N. America, featedonthcS. Sei, ^^omiksW. of Mexico. Lon. loft o. VV . lai. 19. o. N. ■» Navu;aioi'.s Islands, a clurter of illands in ttie S. Paciiic Ocean. The inhabitants are a very ftroni"; and hunJ- Ibme race of -"icn, Icarcely one to be leen among them lets than iix feet hifih, ami well-proportioned. The women nre dtU- cately b.-autifiil ; their canoes, houl'es. Sec. wcU-conftrutf.d; and they are much more advanced in internal pohcv and order, than any of the illands in thi. ocean. They are furrounded by a coral reef; but boats miy land with great fati:tv. Lon. 169. o.W.lat. 14. 19. S. SeeMACUNv. Naumburc;, a town of Germany, in the eitcle of Upper Saxony, caoiial ot the duchy of Saxo Naumburg ; leited on the river Sala, ^7 m' 60. W. of Drefden. Lon. la. lo. K. lat. 51. II. N. . Naxkow, a town of Daimarl., in the ifle of Laland, with a harbour commodious for trade. Tiure is a plentirul tiiiiery here. It is 60 miles S. \V. of Copen- ha'.-en. Lon. 11. ^i.E. lat. 54. S^- N- Na.xos, or Naxia, a confi.ler.iUle ifland of the Archipelago, 25 miles in length, and 8S in circum;ercnce. fix whole iiland is covered wiih orange, t.livc, lemon, cedar, citron, pomegranate, fit:, and mulberry-trtcs. It lia. no harbour, and yet they cirry on a conliderubie trade in barley, wine, figs, cotton, filk, flix, chccfc, talt, oxen, Iheep, mules and oil. They burn only oil of maftich, thou-h olive- oil is exceedingly cheap. It is inhabited both by Greeks and Latins, wno live pie of li.icvlius. They hui. heie 9 mine ot emery, wliliii is f > c nmiou .md cheap, that t!ic Engliih otten ufe i' tor l.allait. Ti>c feni lie drcls of this, iflaud has li'iue- thini; iruly ridiculous in its appearance. ; T.nT two wiOfis of bl.ick velv'.i, which _ they lix behind to their tl.oulder., arc *1- t„i;eih r prepi iterous. The Gieik. wo, uien at Sir.yrna. cover their brtrtlfs vith : a (in'j;!e ;, lU/e ; at N.xia it.ey wear a hca- ' vy ft .iiixln.r or ureud- ,)i.-ce oi veivtt c i- vtrtd with embroiuery and fin il pearls. If we viev them i)!.rind, we ^nall he a.;aln di'-guUed to lee round their I )ins what, for vv ant of a belt- r nam , wc muft be com-rnt ra ,.all a circular 'i.elt, caieuia- ttd to lappiit the end;, ot a kind ot lart;d ■ bppets l|au;in'^ d.iwn from ilf. ir ih nl- dvrs; in w.iieii all wt have ;o admo. is a compofuion of bbrurdity. Tiu v add to this romantic cuinbr«nis drefs all ihe co« ipietry of behaviour tiiey can nliame, Tuuy paint, blacken their eyebroAs and eyclaihcs, and cover tilt ir tace wimpatthi.i, niai'.f ot ilie leaves of a black Ib.ninj; talc wh'ch they liiid in the ifland. But, in tiie firm of thuir patches, they betray a ti> kIc. ne4.> besund wdiat has ever been Ih wn in f'Ur climate ; they fomttimes cut them trianp;ular, foiiietiiwi.s like a Aar; b-.L a pMch like a crctccnt, placed bet.vetn the eye'-, is. thought to be irrefiOi'.U; beat.-.i- till. To liniih ihe cUaraiter ot ilieli; fon- ta;\ic ladies, it my be a I.ed, that they arc lo v, in, that wiu" ib-.y lelurn our if the country to tneir towr n lufes, they ■ " hiir I 01 N. E. vf Erfort, and wid ha\e perhaps furty great dread of the Turks. Phere are four aixhiepifcop 1 fees in this ifland, and a exeat many vliiaiies; but it isfo tliin of peo- wonicn in train, foinc on alVes, and I une imi . ..1 ^ one of wiiom carries a n\..kin or r.v ; a fecond, a petticoit; a toir.l, a pai' of (foekings. and fo ou : v.'.l ■ liich cmr-ol'es a very whiuifitil kind of protelii >ii ta ftravoM rs. Na:.-js, or Nv.'CiA, a contideribje toun, c.ipical of the ifl- of Nhxo', oop(>-. file the illo of Paros, with a cafiiL li.d t\yo aich'.epifc.'pai lees, the one Greek and tliC (ithtr La. in. Tijc greaad |v.i;- ' '.le inW habuaiiis art; G.e^k.-.. Lon. 15. 51). E. lat. r-^-N. , . ,- N A^A«t;^■ll,atownof Pi' Itme in Sy- t imous for beir.j^ til' refio'-nc , i j;:u* ': It is . ihe> . monks of bi.rFraiicis liavc :. coiiver.;. Lpn, I io. E. lat. il. 30. N. ^ _ ■ Na/aketh, a 'O'vn of N .Am- ira, j in the it ate of P.nniylvar. ic is a | flouriiiiin^ lettiemeni of the Moiavja- ■?._ | r and ria. Chrid, in the early p. t of Vi, i\\ now nothing but a -il.^j^i., ivin: 11 5 5 NED I • NfAGH, Lough, a lake of IreUnd, fi,uat.d in the counties of Arm.j| W Down, Antrim, Londonderry. «"<» ) y.'""^- rjl h the largcft in Europe, thulc of La- Sega and One,, in RulUa, and that of .Geneva in Su-tHcrland, excepted be ng »0 mile, long and I? broad. « '« '^ markable for a heal.ng v.nue ; and alfo for uetrifving wood, which is not only found" the^v«er, but ,n the adjacent S at a conl-ukrable depth. On its J.orcs feveral beautiful gems have been d.fco- ""ncatk, a large town of Glamorgan Aire in S. Wales, wuh a market on ba- turdav It IS fcatcd on a river of the Se^mc, over v.hich is a bridge, where fmall velkls come to bid coal. In the Shbourho.,d are iron forges, mdt.ng works for copper, and many coal mines. It is an ancient town, governed by a nor ceve, who is fworn m by the deputy r: ftablc of the cattle of Neath. On the other fide of the river are the ruins of a fine monafttry; but the houfe belonging to it being a larec ftrufture, is kept in S)od repah- It is feated near the Br.ftol &nel 3^ miles N. W. of Landaff. and loo W. by ♦'• °^ London. Lon. 3. 45- ^N f'atk," .1 river of S.Wales, which runs imo the Bnllol Channel, below the town "^ Neb,'; river in. he ine of Man which runs imo the InlhSra, at Peel Ca(e Nbrio orNFiinio, a ruined city on the^N S'ecif the iiUnd of Corfica, with I bifhop's iec, whofe b fhop refides at St. Fioruuo, from which it is a mile diftan . Nfcaus, an ancient town of Africa, in the kingdom "^ Algiers, xvith a lu- «rb molque ; fcnted "^ ""'•"'"'^,^J°""f " l^g with excellent f.gs, 50 miles from "^nTckar, a river of Germany, which l^afits L?- in the Black Forcft, croffes ihe duchv of Wirtemburg, and the pa- iat'nate o'f the Rhine, and alls into the Rh-me at Manh.im, after having paflTed by Tub't'en, Efl.ngen, Hailbron HeideU bere, and other towns of lefs note. •"'iI'eckars-Gf-Mund, a townof Ger- Tnany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, feat- fd on the river Neckar. Lon. 9. 55- E- inTranconia, feated o\'^'^ ^^f^'J' belongs to the g^and-mafter of the Teuto- nic order. Lon. 9- 5- E- l-t- 49- »/•',;. Ned-Ronta, an ancent town of Afri- „, in the kiagdom ^i Tr«me(en, buUt by y ^"~~' NEC the Romans, and feated in a fertile foil, ten miles from the Mediterranean. NtKiiHAM, a town of Suffolk, wuh • market on Wednefday. It has fome trade in Suttolk-blues, and cloth* j and womea are employed in fpinning and weaving bonelace. It is feated on the Orwell, i* miles N. W. of Ipfwich, and 7; N. E. of London. Lon. i. »3- E- 'at- j\- 'S- "• Needlbs, two rocks at -he W. end ot the Itte of Wight, fo called from their Iharp extremities. Mkkhkkheow, one of the Sandwjcfc ittands, five leagues W. of Atooi. Th« eaftern coaft is high, and rife» abruptly from the fca. The reft of the iHand con- filU of low ground, except a round blutt head on the S. E. point. It produces abun- dance of yams, and contains about 10,000 inhabitants. *•««•_ * Nekrwinden, a village of Auft.ian Brabant, a lutle to the N. by W^. of Lan- den. Hence the two celebrated battles ot Landcn are fometimes called by the name of Neerwinden. SeeLANDVN. Nej-f.rn, a village near Newport, m Pembrokeftiire, in the churchyard of which is a remarkable old crofs. i he church has no pavement in it, and the frequent burials have raifed the ground within it to fcven or eight feet higher than without it. In procefs of time, in- (Icad of a church, it will be only a Ic- pulchre. . » at • . :- Nefta, a populoustownof Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis. Lon. 9. *$. E. ''^Ne«aVataM, a city of the peninfula of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Coroman- dcl. It was firft a colony of the Portu- gucfe, but was taken by the put'h. Th^ latter were difpoITeffed of it by the EngliA in 1782 i but, by the peace of 1783, "was agreed to be reftored to the Dutch, when- ever they Ihould give an «qu''''l'=';^,5frl.' Negapatam in .83 miles S. of Madras. Lon. 79- 56-E-l'^'- 'O-^^.N. Necoas, a large populous ifland of Afia, one of the Philippines, lying be- twccn Luco«ia and Mindanao. Negombo, a feaport of Afia, on the W. coaft of the ifle of Ceylon. It ha. a fort built by the Poituguete, which was taken by the Dutch in 1640. Lon. »3- "^^■/ecr A^s^a Vcaport of Afia, on the E. fide of the bay of Bengal, 140 miles W, of Pegu. Lon. 94. 4- E. lat. 15. 50- N. Nlgril-Point, the moft weftetly promontory of the llland of Jamaica. Negro, Cape, a promontory of Afri ca, on the W. coaft of Angola, "being the mofi fo«lherl;f country to wl»ich the^Eu- d feated in a fertile foil, \t Mediterranean. I town of Suffolk, with ft flefday. It hai fome trade , and cloth* j and womea n fpinning and weavinf feated on the Orwell, lo Ipfwich. and 7i N- E. of I. »3.E. lat. J I. 15. N. MO rocks at -he W. end of ght, fo called from their )W, one of the SandwicK gues W. of Atooi. The ; high, and rile* abruptly 'he reft of the ifland con- lund, except a round bluif E. point. It produces abun- and contains about 10,000 JDEK, a village of AuR.iaii e to the N. by W. of Lan- lie two celebrated battles of netimes called by the natne \. ScbLandkn. I village near Newport, in ., in the churchyard of •markablc old crofs. The 5 pavement in it, and the als have raifed the ground fcven or eight feet higher it. In procefs of time, in- lurch, it will be only a fc- populous town of Africa, in of Tunis. Lon. 9. *$. E. •AM, a city of the peninfult 11, on the coaft of Coroman- firft a colony of the Portu- 3s taken by the Dutch. The ifpoITeffed of it by the EngliJk , by the peace of 1783, it was reftored to the Dutch, when- 3uld give an equivalent for it. in 183 miles S. of Madras. . E.lat. 10. 46. N. , a large populous iHand ot of the rhilippines, lying be- nia and Mindanao. 10, a leaport of Afia, on the • the ifle of Ceylon. It has a y the Portuguefe, which was ne Dutch in 1640. Lon. 83. 1. 30. N. L B s, a fcaport of Afia, <>«».«"% f/ bay of Bengal, 140 miles W. Lon. 94. 4- E. lat. »5- 50- N. ,-PoiNT, the moft weftetly , of the irtand of Jamaica. . , Tape, a promontory of Atri- W. coaft of Angola, beuig the ■ country to yth\t\\ the Ku- N E i ropetni ufually refort to purchafe flave«. Lon. 10. 40. E. lat. 15. 54. N. Necro's-Island, an ifland of Alia, one of the Philippines, lying between ihofc of Panay and Ccbu. Negroland, or NiCRiriA, a traft of land in Africa, through which the ri- ver Niger is fuppofed tK run. It has the great defert of Zahara on the N. and ftrctchej far to the S. but the inland parts are very little known. However, the Europeans have many fettlcments on the weftcm coaft, and the Portuguefe have fome on the eaftcru, where they barter European goods for flaves, gold-duft, and elephants' teeth. Negropont, an Idand of Turkey in Europe, the largeft in the Archipelago. It was anciently called Euba;a, and is near the N. coaft ot Livadia, from which it is feparated by a ftrait, over which is a bridge. It is about 90 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, though in fome places much narrower. The Turks took it from the Venetians in 1469. It abounds in corn, wine, fruus, fiefli, fifli, and fowls. Negropont, alarge and ftrong town of Turkey in Europe, capital of the ifland of that name, with a harbour, whicl\ is commonly the ftatioa of the Turkifij ihips. The walls of the town in which the Turks and Jews refide, are two miles and a half in circumference ; but the fuburbs, where the Chriftians live, are much larger. The captain-bafhaw re- fides here, who commands the whole ifland. Tiie bridge, taken nptice of above, reaches from this citv to the conrinent. It has a Greek archbifliop's fee, and pro- vifions here arc very cheap. It was taken from the Venetians in 1469, by the Turks, after a fix months' fiege,at the expence of 40,000 men. The Venetians attempted to retake it in i683, without effeft. it is feated on a ftrait of the fame name, 30 miles N. E. ofSetines or Athens, and 260 S. W. of Conftantinople. Lon. 24. 8. E. lat. 38. 30- N. Nehavand, an ancient to vn of Per- fia, famous for a battle fought r.ear it, be- tween the califf Omar and Yez Degerd, king of Perfia, in 1638, when he loft that kin^om. It is ;; miles S. of Hamadan. Lon. 47. 10. E. lat. 34. 40. N. Neidenburg, a town of PrufliE, in a county of the fame name, with a caftle upon a mountain ; feated in a very delight- ful country. * Nkilstok, a village of Renfrew- lliire, in Scotland. It lies S. of Paifley, and is noted for a cotton manufaftory. lerl^f N E O Nkisse, a handfome town of GerrtTt. nv, in Silefki. It is luimundcl by thick walU and deep ditches, and niul) of the lioufes are well built. Tiic l)i(h ip of Brtflaw generally rcfides here, and hai a magnificent palace. The air is very wholtfomc, provifions are cheap, and tho inhabitants carry on a confiderabic trade in linens and wine. This place fuffered t;reatly in 1719, by an inundation and a tire. It was taken by the Prulfians ita 1741, who augmented the foriiticationt after the peace in 174*, and built a cita- del, to which they gave the name of Priiflla. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 35 miles S. E. of Breflaw, and rr N. E. ot Glat;;. Lon. 17. 35. E. lat. co. 31. N. NEit EvnuRG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, capital of the land- gravate of the fame name, zo miles N. of Conftance, and 10 N. E. of SthatTliauCcn. Lon. 9. 8. E. lar. 47. rg, N. Nelson, an Ei);;lilh Icttlcmcnt in N. America, on tlie W. iide of Hudfon's Bay, feated at the mouth of the river Nelfon, 600 miles N. VV. of Rupert Fort, and 150 S. E. of Churchill Fort. It belongs to the Hudfon's Bay Company. Lon, 92. 35. W. lat. 57. 7. N. Nemjea, a village of Turkey in Eu- rope, in the Morea, famous for the Ne« m;ean games anciently celebrated here. NfcMOU'Rs, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Marne and lare province of the Ifle of France, with '.n old caftle, between two hills, on the Ipot where ftood the town of Grex, in the time of Ciefar. It is feated on the river Loing, 10 miles S. of Fontainebltau, and 11; S. E. of Pari'j, Lon. j. 37. E, lat. 48. 16. N. ^ Nen, Of Nine, the principal river of Northamptonlhiie, which rifes in the W, part of the county. Jt is made navi- gable at Northampton, leaves the county at Peterborough, and crofting the Jfle of Ely, forms part of the W. boundary of Norfolk, and fails into the Lincolnlhire Wafli. It likewifc communicates, by fe- veral channels, with the Great Gufe. Neocastro, a fort of Turkey in Eu- rope, in Romania, feated in the middle cf the Bofphorus, where the Turk* always keep a good garrifon. It is 12 miles from Conftantinople. Lon. 29, 4. £. lat. 41, 10. N. Neots,'St, a large, well-built town of Huntingdonfhire, with a market on Thurf. day. It is feated on the river Oufe, ovcr^ which is a ftonc bridge. It is adorned with a handfome churcii, wluch has a fine ^ • .:•• '' ^ fteeple. 1 11 ■ i5 1 1 Iff K^ § J^ET Itcnle. nnd the n, it very c<>^^^uy^ bridgt, a.ul ^6 N. N. VV of Ln.Ktun. Lon. 0. ?o.W. l..t. '». 7 N' ■V. NVi'f^N lsi.AM>. .m ilV.ind nf the S. Pkihc Oct;>i.. -np.iitc r.n H.nner. nn theS. CMltot Nnrfilk l(l;rml. It cnulU cnimlv of -nc mi's .f laiul, li'.ld t -ilh-.r by tl,e lurrnuiulmj; clitt'k, wl... 1. arc .i bor- J.r of l.ar.l rocks. N..tw.thH:>ml.n;i f here vr^H not t\ic 1. in appcarantc of tartli . r mouUI on tht iflvul. there were i.pw.ud ef too vtrv tine i'""-* t'V'Winj; on it. Till' (iirfacc was covered with a kind ot cowrie i^rnl'.. , , i ■ .u, NFfi. an nncitnt town of Italy, in the tvitnmoiiv -.1 S'. P.t.r, Willi .i V.ilho,.\ Ice. t \i feared on the river Tri,;!ia, lo iTiilii. N. of Roirn;. Lon. i». 34- ^- '■*'• 4»' ''^NvKAf, ahandlomc town of Fnnrr, in the dop.rnn:ni of Lot and Garonne and Ue nr .v.ncc of Guienne, .hvidtd Iw tUe river H.ile into tvvo parts, G..at anjt Little Ner.c. In .he feudal tim.H. th s was the rcfuK ncc and capifil of the lords of Alhret. Th( o- dupend^us caltl'j is now in ruins ; but, bef<.re the ahohtion ot roy- aitv, no >'■"«= l''»;nchman coii.d viht U Avithnut leniiments of voncr.ition ; tor '< be N. by VVeftin-ma, ^„ ,|.e E. bv Su.lerman.a, on the b. bv K. Gothland, and on the VV. by W. Gothland. Orebo is the capital, and tile cnlv conlidenble plare in it. . N^RO, an illand of Ai. , in tue E. In- ^;..s, ,he '.eco.ul of the H.nda 1 l.nds The Diitrh have a bnt here, called t'ott ■Niffiu. Tluv have lar-e lerpents which a,e not venomous, and the mountains pre covered with trs.s in which arc birds of a vcrv finiiular kind. Lon. 119. 45- ^^^ ^"''i%t°RTc'HiNSK, oncofth.c four pro. vin F, a town rf France, n. the de- partir.cnt of Sommc and Uie pros mcc of ' Nfss. a river of Scotland, which h the . u>let of Loch Ncf.. and falls, into tlw trith of Murray , below Invernels. KktiiliU.anos, or the Low CouN- •riuts, a la.ie country of Kurope, anci- enily tailed G.illia lb.l.;ica. In the fifth ceniurv. the Francs, a people of Ciernis- ny, coiionL' to lettle in Ciaul, founded a new kingdom, to which tliey gave the name of France. In the ninth century, the fons of the emperor Lewis the Pious hav- in>' divided the dunmiioiis of their lather, wi^ . p dfcU'ed Geinianv, Fr,,ncr, and Italy, a new kingdom «as tonned, eomprehend- iin' GuiKianv and France, whith extend- ed from the Mediterranean to the ocean, md contained a part of the Netherlands. It was called Lotharla, hut did not lont; fubfift ; for it was foou divided into two ; and that fcatcd near the Mediterranean uas called the kinu.'.loin of Burgundy ; while the other, to the N. had the nanie of Auitrafia. Neitlier did thi, laft conti- nue l.ng, it beini; divided i.ito fmall pro- vinccs, under dilVerent names, which Itil depended 01 the empire of Germany, and were called Lower Gtrmany. '' Li pro- i.fs of time, the h lule of Burijundy pur- ciu-'ed many of them, and was about to firm :hem. with Bur.L'tmdy, int<^ a kinR- do.i. ; bat Charles the Uold, the lall duke of BurtMin.lv, b-ring killed bv the Swifs m .477, his part of the Neiherlands devolv- ed .jn his .inlv child and heirtts, Mary ; by A'hofe mjrriat^e with the emperor Maxi:uihan, the Netherlands were an ?.c- iiition to tilt luml'e of Auftna. 1 he cmvLnjr Charles V. kin- of Spam, in i^'^S, abdicated the fovereit;nty of the Nether- lands, and. fo9n after, the Spanilh crown, in t..vour of hi^ fon Philip. The ty- rannv of this cruel biirot, Pnihp II. who endeavoured to introduce the inquihnoa mto the Low Councnes, with the t)ar- barities cxercifed by the duke of Alva, exarpeiac..d the people to inch a deg.ee,- t'lat tucy threw oit the Spanilh yo.;e, and, under the tondua of William L prince ot O.anf't, formed tiic famous league ot Utrecht, in i v;9. whi*:'' P''"^^'' ^^^ *r,""" U.uiou of the republic of the United 1 ro- , .UAJHUl ' ■ * ■ WJC ' ' S«»- SMItJi.ltf'^-t"*"^^ ' -" ''"'" " '". "" '* " Cijrcd on the river Hrt« N. K.ot Riiyc«, and66 I '• Lon. i. $•)■ ^- '■''• 49« H'H, a be utiful lake of nvci-ncC'-lhirc, xi niiks m n- itio inoll pnrt, one in llult.i-e.l on tlic N. VV. I nintmns of Umiilvirt and , una td^tU vvitll coppicM river of Scotland, which \% (ich Ncls. anil tiuU into tli« y, below Invcincls. ,M,s, or tht Low CouN- c cniintry el Kiiropc, anci- alla Hi.l:;ica. In the fifili ^raiics, :i people of Gcrnia- I lettlc in CtAiil, founded a , to Nvhich t!icy gave the c. In ihinuith century, the pcror Lewis the Pious liav- i' duminioiik o> their father, jciniiinv, rr.cncr, and Italv. . n uas rormtd, romprthend" an! trance, whuh extend- ^idiierianean to the ocean, a parr of the Netherlands. Lotharia, but did not loni^ wai loon divnUul into two ; :ed near the Mtditcrranemi ic kinii- with Burtrundy, into a king- luirles the Bold, the laH duke , b.rinj; killed hv the Swifs in ft of rhe Neiherlands devolv- i!v child and heirets, Mary ; injrriat^e with the emperor die Netherlands were an ?.c- tUe houl'e of Auftri.i. The itles V.kini^of Spain.in i^l?, c lovcreit^nty of the Nether- loon after, the Spanilh crown, ( hi? Ion Philip. The ty- h cruel billot, Paihp II. who I to iiuroduce the inijuiluion iw Countries, with the bar- rtiled by the duke of Alva, tiie people to inch a degree, - ,r^w oit tiie Spanilh yoke, and, onduil of William I. prnce of irined tiic famous league ot I v;9, which proved the t\,un-- e republic of tl^e Uiiucd Pro- . '^ vintes. jjttsjyi jj.tii>»,u."'*" ' T'ffl ' «,.- 1>-» tmui ' N !• T irintcs. The provinces vliich rimpofc till, republic, ait thole of Holland. l''rici. land, /.ialand, f fii'ridvrl.ihi', Ltinlir, dveiydtl, and (IriniMi'in. After a lont» and bloody war. the Sii.itii iriU .if'iifd to a trutc of II years witii tlie Ufii.-.d Pro- viiues, tlu! virv ilrft ariitic of wIpcIi ac- knowli'il ;id tliim tu l>e fret and mileptn- tltnt Itau.. J'he wir was rtn'Wcd iii i^^ii i, (ill, at Ull, bv the treaty of V\\lipli.ilia, in if>;"<, Phi(i|i IV. of Spain tunrtfiiy rtn 'luued all claim to loverei>;nty .;vtr the Uiiitrd Pi.vincti. Tiie other lopro- \ ■.tires, hoACvei, r^ tiirni-il under the do- luiiiioii i)f Spiiin, but with verv fiviair- able lli,)ul.i ion» with relpn'i to th< ir an- cient \.i\\- aii.l li. CI tits. On the dea'h of Clitrlcs II. kiiii^ of Spain, .md the lub- U!|;ieiu arcefiion of :i braneh of the h, i;r;'.n>l duke oj lufcanv, aftemard emperor. I)>u- iMi", her reign, no fuvtici^n could t)e more beloved; no people more tonrciit and hap- py. But her lop, Jc't'tph II. Iiavini pro- jeticil niuiy innfjvations in the confl tu- tion, b"tb in cluii'eii and Itaic, and enf r- cin^ thcai wi:li \iolenct, an iinivcv.al Iptit of revjlr broke out; an arniy of .^0,000 iTtn role, a* if by mai;ic, to lupport the renunciation uf ali alle.nance, w liieh liverai of ilic provinces now ()]ien!v 'iiaii...; a eoiigrt'I"> Was foruied lioin the ('liie-enr llatts, in whom tiie lupreiiic ijovern ;'cnt w-is veiled; and by the cud iff D ct'phcr 1790. the Aultrians were expe.led ico'n ihe Netherianils. The tic v tovcrnnient, luiwtvcr, was not uf I)nj; duraticui ; fit which, indeed, the f.iatioer in whicli tlio cor.'refs exi rciled tlieir povvers was t.ir i'ruiii beini; caic'al;iied. LcoooKl I].(i.'k; i'ttccefior of th^ capricious and unfortuiiafe Juieph, who died til ilic early pwc cf N E U n 'T9») w !• cmbirti, partiv t'V forct f/ arm«, partly by contilutiiry nu4'iire%, atid partly Itv file nieJitt'on uf the Ci urti of L( iidoii. Uirlin, anil the HaL;ue, to ir. Co»tr tii« entire podttlion if his ,iutho» rity in thcfv provincc.i. and tlut, in a f^reat iiailuic, to the latistu'ti n ol the people; the ininiiitTs of ;lie nudutinft (ouris liivinir truai.inti'.d the reltoration of tiic Hhiient Beliiic conftitinior^, jj mjoycd under tlu happy rt'f'n of the en.piels. ipucn M irii Phertia. In itoj, when the FtiDch ovei'-ran ilie Nctheilands, ility mdcvoured to cilVrt aiuulitr tevo- luti'iii ; luit Ijeinjr drive n tit of the coun- tty in r ')?. their" tt vuiutionary lyllrm." a-. It \.a- eilieil, proved almrtive ; -md the j^mxl Uiidetltandm^ between the Bel- gians and their preu nt ii.vcreijin, thi em- P' r ir Francis II. a,;(ie,ni-cd 1 > be v.'.Ty (in- Cere. The Nerlu'iUnd.. in ii;ent:,il, arc 3'jo milei liJig and :6o broad ; lyini^ be- ivwen 1^ and 7" L. Ion. and .) )" and ;4» N. lit. They are bounded on tht W. and N, by the G;rii>an Ocein, on the K. bv ti-rir,any, and on the S. by France They once conllirined a part of the tJer- iTian et'.pire, under the name of the circle of BureiHuIv. The principal rivers are the Sch-.id, ilMne, M !< io, NIorclle, Sam- brc, and Li'. ; and th-re ac rnany line na- vij-ablc canals, w,hii.h arc of j;ri.at adv.intage to the coMonerce of tht c^tinrry. 'Ihe air ii temperate ; but rhe mou'hs of the river* and harbours arc frozen up in winter. Tiic foil is extitiutlv frrnit in coin and pafturts; nnd there arc leveri.l line ma- nufa.'iorus of lice, iaAiiii, r.iinbntks, ta- peliry, iS:c. S^t Un'iti.d Puuxjnlis OF rils. Nmiii. ;^ L-\Ni>.s, and the pt... viiici.s un.ier till ii- relpci'.iive iiaiiie<. NKrr"Vii a hand'ome town of frily, in the Camii^u'na ot R.jme. It is but thinly peopled, tliou»li Cti'cd in a fertila loll. It r.'.iids ."■ till- ni >.|th of the river Loiaci".a. i4mi!t. S. ,f Ronnc. L' n. it. 19. F . HI. 41, jj. N. * Nkv', a river of Ruflia, whicli iiTues cut of lake L uloca, and tails iiitoi rlu- ^'Ai of FliilaiKl, below St. I'eteri- bui ■,'!.. NKi.uuRr,, a town of G'-rinanv, in the Bril '_,jw, ''e.jred near tiie Rhine, betwetn Hillc .!iid Biili'ch, II iTti!t.< N. of the for- nui, and as n mc'; S. oi rije litter; (ub- jtrt to the houG: i.f AuUria. Lr.i. 7. 35, K. ku. 47, 4*'. N. NlvBi'kc;. a f'.vn of G^rrr'any, j^ ivv-wc- Aulfi:^, !ea:ed on the D i.uil)«, hve miles from Vienna, with a fanviii injna!tery, Lon. 16. f.o. E. lat. .^3. 13. N. NiiVHURc;, a town of Qermiiqy,. in i|i iL.y,;-,-i'S«-*''M''r--£-'^ N E U r ■ the (tiifhy of Wirtembnrfr, Tr.itcd on the I tivcr I'.nt/, with • C:inie, >- niilct W. of W tttiitK«rd. I.on. (. 14. K. Uc. 48 ;i. N. Ml VtvKV\i(i, • Mwn of Ucrm«nvi in *5 the citcic of Bnvaria, capitul o!' thi-ouchf I ot the fame name, fiiliict> to tlie Kk^.tor ralaimc. It ii t8 mil<-« N. V. of Augf- bur^, aiul 40 S. W.of Ratilbon. [.on. 11. 10. E. lat. 48- 4^N. Nkuchai'KI., a territory (if SwilTtr- iHnil, whirh, with that of Vallcnuiii, firini ©ne principality, that ftretchti frwm the lake of Neuchatcl to die hmitk of the late province of Fr.inche Count/ in Franrc i containing in length, from N. to S. Hlxiiir II ttit)<;iie«, and about fix in its )>rcitcl^ breadth. By the death of the dticliel's of Memnurt, in 1707, he I'uvereigrity of Meuchatcl and Valicn^in was claitiud bv Frederic I. kinj{ of i'rufl'ia, ai heir tn the 1)rirce of Orange ; hi» right was acknnv. iH^cd by the liatet of the country ; and from him it defcended to his great-t;rand- fon, Frcileric- William II. the priltnt kmi;. The conftitution of this country is a kind of limited monarchy. The inhabit- ant» arc Pruteftants, except in tlit two diftrifts of Landtrin and Crelfier, where the Catholic religion is predominant. In 1519, this ponuToui prmcipality entered into a ftrift alliance with tlic cantons of Bern, Friburg, Solcure, and Liicern. The air in very healthy and tcmjitratc, but the loil not eyery where equally fertile ; how- ever, there are larpe vineyards, which pro- duce white and red wine, which lalt is ex- cellent. The pafturct on the mountaiiii feed a great number of ail forts of cattle, >iid there arc plenty of deer in the for«As, bcl'ide large trout?, and other good tifh, in the lakes and rivers. The people are ingenious, polite, active, and indul\riout. NkuchatEL a handfome town of SwilTerland, capltil of a principality of the fame name ; but it is a fmall pjjce, containing not more than ?ooo fouls. It lies partly on the little plain between the lake of Neuchatel and the Jura, and partly on the declivity of that mountain ; and Tome of its ftreeti, in courfe, are very Jleep. At the commencement of the prc- fent century, commerce was almoft wholly unknown m thi« town, as the ridiculous pride of its bting deemed degrading ge- nerally prevailed among the inhabitants. This fcnfelefs prejudice is now, however, Ijearly extinguifhed.. The chief article of exportation is wine produced from the neighbouring vineyards, and much efteem- ed. Manufafturct alfo of printed li- nen- and cottons have been eflablifhed with fuccefs ; and, within thefe few years, fcTccal merchautt have raifed large for> N E U ttifict. Many public works have been lately executed at Neuchatel, at an ex* pence far exceeding the icvenues of thit li'ile nute ( but for thefe thcv tre indebt- ed, to a private citirien, Mr. David I'ury, who btfule contributions, in hit lifetime, to tli> amount of 40,000!. left bit coun- try hrir to a fortune of i6o,oooi. he him- fclf having none but diliant relations. Among thefe pulilic works, are the new tnwnhoufe, and a fuperb caufeway leading tov^ard tilt valley of St. Iinier. Neucha- tel has a great and little cnuntil ; the tirll is compiled of 40 perfons ; the ff cond con- fifts of 14 members, coniprehcii'< thefc thtv irc indcbt- e citizen, Mr. D.ivi(l I'ury, ntribuiioni, in hit lifetime, (jf 4o,oool. left hit coun- Fortiine of i6o,oool. he him- nnne but t of Lower Seine and late F Normandy. It is noted fof tcefe, and is commodioufly feat- river Annies, 10 miles S. E. of id 7 ; N. W. of Paris. Lon. i.- 49. 46. N. HATFAV, a triwB of the Auf- urlands, in the province of Lux- o miles N. E. of Secan. Lon.' u. 49. 5^ N. HATEAU, a town of France, in iment of Vofges and late pro- .orrain. It is a handfome, po. iding town ; featcd in a hot- foil fertile in corn, g(K»d wine, neccITaries of hfe, on the riTcr »5 miles S. W. of Naiici, and S. of Paris. Lon. 5. 47- E. lat. 's-Cro8S, near the city of where, in the year 1346, David cotland was defeated and taken y the Eiigllfli. ADi, a town of Germany, m of Wirtemburg, fcated on the i»er. It miles N. E. of Hailbron* i. E.lat. 49. 11/ N. LS, a confiderable town of FrancCj artrocnt of Nicvre and late pro- NivernoiS, with a blfhop's fee. in the form of ah aniphitheatre, ia> (•veral fiae buildirigs ;- par- lituiarlf* js" _ — ,■:■, N E U ticulirly, the ancient ducal palace, in which John Cafimir, king of PuUnJ, ex- pired m 1671. It is luaied on the river Loire, over which there is a lundliime bridge, and Kt the end of it a fine laigc caufcwty, reaching to the town. Jt it 1} milei N. W. of Mu'jlini, and 7S S. E. of Oilcans. Lon. 3. 14. E. lat. 46. 39- N. Neukaui, a flrong town of Bohemia, in the circle of licchin, with a callle. Lon. I ;. ]o. E. lai. 4y. S. N. Neuhaitsci., h liiiall but very ftrong town of Upper Hungaiy ; fcated cm the river Ncytracht, in a marlliy plain, 1^ miles N. W. of Cumora, and 40 S. E. of Prelburg. Lon, ib. 10. E. lat. 48. I.N. NtviM, or Newiw, a town of N. Walts, in Carnarvonfhire, with a fmall market on Saturday. Jtis feateiin>j town of N. Aiiicru.i, in the Ihie ot New Jerfiy. It hai an epilcnp.il rhiirth, two prcfbyteriin eliuichei (me of which, of Aonr. 1-, the l:iri;tn and in 'd eli ^i;ant in tilt ll.itr) a court Irmlc, and afmil, Tiie town hab the rrputitiin if niakin.; tiio bell cultr in the world. It is nine milei VV. of New Y...rk. Ni \v A'l K.L'pn'j-TnrNT, a borough of Ni>ifin^liiin(hire, with a market on Wtilntld.'v. Ft ii O.ated on the liver Trent, ov. 1 which U a oridj^e into a finall illanJ niadc by the river. It has a good tr;ule, and once hid a Immirome calUe, now in rmnt. Htre, in the uii.h> of troubles, which hii own folly and bur< nt'fs liait ex- cited, died the inglorious' king John. Hltc too, the unlortiinate Charles I. after liis defent at TJ iichy, put liiinklf into the h ind» of tl'c Scoitli iiriny, tlieii bcfu'j'in)', Ntvvail:, by whom he « .1 af- terward i^ivtn Up to hi'- word eniiiiico. It is 17 niiles N. K.by K. of Nottiiij^h;im, and 114 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 45. VV. lat. SI. 6. N. * Nh wni'HM, the largcft tov/n in the ftatcof N. Carolina, in N. Atliciiii, ilic county t<)wn of Craven county. It ft iiids on .1 rill l.i(iiiii fui-cers, between the forces of Charles I. anoii>»h the iarj:c colliers are ftntioncd ^t Shields, ft n fo ("erure a haven, that vclTels, when thev have pafTid Tin- tnoiith B?r, arc in no dangr r either from Ilorios or fhallows. It is defended by Cl'fford'^ Firt, which tffii'hiaily com- mands hII vefltis that enier the rircr, 1"he toivn may '^e ronru'trcd as divided into two parts, of which G ilelliend, on the T>urnRTn fide, is one ; and iorh w(;re joined by a ftont bridge, \i hith had ftood above ^oo vfsrs. It ongindly rnnfined «'" It "arches, hut hy the embitikment "f the river for the purno'e of foimipjj the qimys nn the N. fide, ihcy were rcJuced to nine; On this hridpe were hHufefi, which, in pchcral, ftor:d at lome diftance from eacK other. In t-^-i, ' dreadful i!o'id carrtet? awav fi^ur ' f ttjele arches, *nh the hfi'l'Vs that Oo' d upon tliem. "th'n pttrt of the hri.' ;(.• w:([, rcHuilt in I'-Q. The town rifes on thi N. bank of the rhT.'r, where -he Orerts, upou the at- sttitf i*'e exceedingly Rcep. Moil of che houfes are built of ftone ; but fome «f them are of timber, and the reft of brick. Thtoujjh this town went part of that wall which extended from fea (o fea, and w:is built by the Romans to defenti the Britons againlt the mcurfioii'j of the Pitts, after all their trained youth had been drawn ffom the kingdo.-n to recruit the armies of *hcir cont^uernrs. The liberty of the towi and the power of the corpo- ration cxtt.nded no farther than the gate upon the bridj;e, which, foinc years ago, put a ftop 10 a terrible (ire, which would otherwilc. perhaps, have burnt the whole ftreet of hmitis on that tide of the bridge, as it did tiiut'e beyond it. On the caft (ide of this gaie are carved the arms of the bifhop of Durham, and on the weft fide thi (e of the town of Newcaftk The town is defended by a (hong . .;'.; u. which arc leven eates, am! .;• ::: ny tur- rets, with fcvtral cafemptes bomb-proof. The caOle, which is old and ruinous, o\orlooks he whole town. Here is a very nohle exchange, and the wall of the town, running parallel with the river, leaves a fpacious piece of ground be- fore it, between the water and the \VaIl, which being well wharfed and faced with freeftone, forms the longeft and largeft quay for landing goods that is to he fetn in England, except that at Great Yarmouth. Here are four parifh churches, belids one at Gatelhead. St. Nicholas' church ftands on the top of a high liitt, and has a loftv fteeple of curious arthitei^turc. It was founded in the reign of William Rufiis, and moHerni/.cd in 178J. Among the other public buddings is a manfion-hou'e for the refidence of the mayor, who is al- lowed fix hundred pounds for the year, to niaintain a propci ftate. Here is alfo a hall for the furgeons ; a large hofpitai, built hy the coniribution of the keel-men, for the maintenance of the poor of their fraternity ; and feveral charitable founda- tions, fttiiated in the centre of the great cr llieries, which ha^e for centuries fup- plitd London, all the eaftern, and moft rf the midland and fouthcrn pans of the kingdon with coal. This trade has been the lource of great opulence tc Neweaftle ; which, hefides, exports large quantities of lead, fait, lairaon, butter, tallow, and grindft)nes ; and imports wine and fruit from the S. of Europe^ and timber, iron, hemp, &c. from the Baltic and Norway Ships are fent hence to the Greenland fiOisry. It alfo polfeflfcs .nanufaftorics cS fteel, iroij und woollen clo»h ; and in the town and oeighbourhood are feveral glafs- houfcs.1 The flreets in the old part of Jiewca'ftie arc unfightij and mrrow, atid I - th» NEW:' built of ftone ; but fome •£ limber, and the reft of brick. ;his town went part of that extended fronn fea to fea, and ly the Romans to defend the intt the incurfinns of the Picts, thtir trained youth had been m the kingdo.n to recruit the •.heir conquerm-s. The liberty t and the power of the corpo- nded no farther than the gate 'ridi;e, which, fomc vears ago, 10 a terrible lire, whicli wcuU perhaps, have burnt the whole iMulc? on that tide of the bridge, lol'c beyond it. On the eaft fide ne are carved the arms of the Durham, and on th<. weft fide tl'ic town of Ncwcaftk The d.-ftndcd by a ftrong . -ll U. : leven gates, auu ar. r.. ny tur- 1 fcvcral calcmotes bomb-proof, le, which is old and ruinous, he whole town. Here is a le exchange, and the wall of the unning parallel with the river, fpacious piece of ground be- aetween the water and the \Vall, ,ine well wharfed and faced with .furmsthe longeft and largeft quay ing goods that is to be fetn in , except that at Great Yarmouth. : four parilh churches, bcfida one head. St. Nicholas' church ftands (op of a high hitt, and has a loftv -if curious architecture. It was in the reign of William Rufus, [lerni/cd in 1783. Among the iblic bu.iaings is a manfion-hou'e rel^dcnce of the mayor, who is al- IX hundred pounds for the year, to n a propci ftate. Here is alfo a • the furgeons ; a large hofpital, r the contribution of the kecl-mcn, maintenance of the poor of their ity ; and leveral charitable founda- ttiiated in the centre of the great ■5, which hatre for centuries fup- ondon, all the eaftern, and moft rf dland and Ibuthcrn pans of the n with coal. This trade has been rre of great opulence to Newcaftle ; befides, exports large quantities of fait lalmon, butter, tallow, and ines ; and imports wins and fruit he S. of Europe^ and timber, iron, &c. from the Baltic and Norway are ff nt hence to the Greenland r. It alfo poffeflcs .-nRnufaftorics ^f iro«i «tid woollen cloth j and m the tnd oeighbourhWid are feveral glafi- i.i The ftreets in the old part of aftie ■« unfiehtly and wtfrow, anid '^-*— -•"•"■■■ ->fff> 'S"'*:A' ■ K E W th« buildings greatly crowded together; but I'ome of the newer parts arc handfomc and commodious. The iuburbs are chief- ly inliabiitd by keel-men ; a rough and fturdy ract; employed in carryinj; the coni down the river in keels, or lighters, to the large (hips. Newcaftle was made a borough by William the Conqueror, and the tirtl charter which was granted to the townfmcn for digging coal was by Hen- ry HI. in i»39 ; but, in 1306, the ul'e of coal for fuel was prohibited in London, by royal proclamation, chiefly becaufe it in-, jurcd the iale of wood for fuel, great quantities of which were then growing about that city ; l5ut this interdiftion did not long continue, and we may confider ccal as having been dug and expjrted from this place for more tt.an 400 years. New- caftle is 14 miles N. of Durham, 94 N. of York, and 171 N. by W. of London. Lon. I. 17. W. lar. 5^ J- N. ■* NtwcAsxi.E, a town of N.Ame- rica, in the ftate of Delaware. It was fettled by the Swedes. al)(/ut the year 1627, and was called Stockholm. It w.is afterward taken by the Dutch, and called Ne-v Amfterdain. When it fell into the NEW of It In ififlj (the laft on record) it ex- tends from GodlhcU on ihe N. W. to the fea on the S. E. about jo miles, and from Hardlty on the F.. to Ringwood on the W. about 15 miles. It has advantages of fitiiation, with rtfpctt to conveyance by water carriage, and vicinity to the dock- ynrds, liipcrior to every other fortft, hav- ing, in its nei^h'iurhooo, fevtr.il places for fliippiMg timber. Jt was aifiirclied by William the Coiujiitror, who expelled the inhabitants, and laid wafte the country, for ihat purpi^fe. His (on William Ru- fus was killed in this foicft, by an arrow (hot by Walter Tvrrtl, a French gentle- man, anil which had accidentally glanced againft a tree. The fpot is porncd out by a ;riant;ular ftone, trcfted in '745. . Newfoundland, a large ifland ly- ing on the caftern coaft of N. America, bet''een 47" and 52" N. lat. It is a mountainous, barren country, and is much colder than England, being covered with fnow five months in the year. It fucms to have no inhabitants of its own, but in the (iimnicr-time is vifitLd by the Efki- maux Indians. It has ftvtral commo- dious bays and harbours, and there are about foo Engli(h families who continue 1 h..nds of the Englilh, it was called. New caulu. It contains about 60 houfes, here all tht_ year, bclidc the garfifon of which have the afpeft of decay. This was the firrt town Cettled on the river Delaware, and was formerly the feat of government. It is feated on the W. bank of the Delaware, 3 5 miles below Philadel- phia. Newdigate, a village in Surry, five miles S. E. of Darking. In the E. part of this village is a medicinal Ipring of the fame nature as that of Ep- 1,0m. . . . Newenham, Cape, a. rocky point of c'mnt the inhabitants have not only their confiderahle heigh,, in the N. Pacific clothes and furniture, but providous, from Ocean, and on the W. coaft of N. Ame- England, lica. It forms the northern extremity of a vaft bay called Briftol Bay, of which the promontory of Ala(ka is the tbuthern boundary. It was dil'covered by captain Co;.k in 1778, and lies in lon. i6x. 14. W, o'f Lewes, and ,6 S. of London. Lon. o. lat. s'^. 42. N. Nt'.'r'tNT, a town of Gioucefterfhire, St. John's, Plarentia, and other forts. In the fifhing feafon it is reCorted ta by at leaft 10. coo people, on account of the fi(h- ing-banks to the E. of this illand j for here they cure the cod, which is carficu not only to England, but to all parts of Europe. It i-, 350 miles in length from N. to S. and 200 in breadth, at the bafe, from E. to W. There is great plenty of vcnifon, fifli, and fowls, but Very little corn, fruit or cHttle ; upon which Newhaven, a fmall town of SulTex, whofe marktt is difuftd. Jt is ftated at the mouth of the river OuCe, and hat s quay on the E. fn. z. 10. W. lat. 51. ;6.N. NewFiDi Eii-Si-' A. a lake in Hunga- 5, E. lat. 50. 4S. N. * Newhave.v, a (lourilhingtoiwrnof N. America, in the ftate of Conneftiout, It lies round the head of a bay> about four miles N. of the Sound. Here is a unu verfity, confifting of one college, called Yak ■ C"Ucge. Newhaven cajrries on a ry, 17 miles in len^vh, and (ix in breadth, con(idcr.ible trade- with Ne\y.i York aiM ,and jo-milcs S.by W, of Preftuirg. Nkw Fores r, a foreft in Ha-npftiir**, fitaaied in that part of the county which js bounded .on thc.E*r by S 'uthamptoh Watefi aR4 -"a - 6. W.lat. 41. 35-^. Newport Paonel, a townof Buck- ingbamlhire, with a market on Satutday. It isfcated on the river Oule, and is noted for the manufafture of bonelacc, for which it is a fort of mart ; and it flourifhes conliderahly on that account. It is 14 miles E. N. E. of Buckingham, and ^i " N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 43- W. lat. ■ji. 4-N. .r ■ ,n. '■* NhwRivER, a fine artificial ftrcani. "'^''Tn 1 atcd on h^ W deofThe brought from two' fpnngs at Chadwell TZ'. eitht n es S VV. of Gloucerter, and Amwell, near Wave, ,n Hertforddure, Severn -^Rht "iiUs b v^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ metropohs with wa- "" .« 1 Ik ter. It wasfinilhed in 1613, by fir Hugh *^;j Ju- voRT ' a large borough of Hamp- Middleton, a rich citizen of London, who NEAA,.voRr, aurge^o B y upended his wliole fortune m the under- ^Ifketr on We\l,ufday a d Saturdav. taking. This river with all its windings T ': .^^a W a rnavoi- and burgtlies. is 3S miles and three quarters, and .6 It ,5 governed by ^ T";/^^' ^^ ^^, s., ( ■ {^^ ^ j, is under the management It ,s h;ated '^"''l^'^ "^Jn^^^J '. k, \' I l( a corporation call-d the New River n^c^ S Il'tle trad t .s u .- " S of Company,*^ which is one of the moft flou- a place ot hitle traae. ic i> • / r - g^^, Jslington. Southampton and 9. S. W ot London. nJhin^ .^^^^^ a^onfiderable borough of ^nVwport rifoug h of Cornwall, Ireland, in the county of Down, fituated ^^K'^N o'f LaunceZ, and .,4 W. by which is the Nkwhv Water,_^ having S. of London. Lun. 4- 36. W. lat. ;o. 43. N. Newport, a town in Shropfliire, with a market on Saturday. It has a ■ handfome fretfchool and a maiket-houle ; and is 17 miles E. of Sh'-ewfbury, and 140 N. W. of London. Lon. ». 18. W. lat. Newport, a town of Monmouth (lii re, with a n:-rket on Saturday. It is feated en the river Uft., over wh»ch is a han over it two lloue bridges ; and there is a thi<-d bridge over a navigable canal, by wiiich its has a communication wi'.h Lough NeaghandCarhngfotdBay. New- ry is fo much improved in its trade and buildings, that it is now the largeft town in the county. It is 49 miles N. of Dub- lin. Lon. 6. ?.o. W. lat. ^4. 1 5. N. Newsham, a village in Durham, fitu- ated on the Tees, five miles from Dar- lington. This being the ufual ford over r ''\rid:: andT/s a Too: ha^l r, Ihe Hv^r f;;m the S. the birt^op of Dur lome bridge , and nas a gow , ^^ ^^.^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ whence it "has its name. It is '9*";'" S. S W. of Mor.momh, and 15* W. by N. of London. Lon. 3. 4- W. lat. 51. •ti N. Newport, a town of Pembrokefiiire, In S. Wales, with a market on Saturt'ay ham is met here, at his firft coming to the fee, when the lord of Stockbourn, j.ift below it, being at the head of the country gentlemen, advances intothe mid- dle of the river, with his truntheon, and prtfents it to the biftiop, who returns n. In S VVaes, Wltn a matKCi on oaiuiiay. y,^v^..^^ .^ ^- •■■----- r- „„iJ »h» ar. V, tsTi ., .h. bouojj of. ^y of .Uh . .rg c.«l=. • - /-f-' t\.dT.r.»'w"'NW:of\o1j«. Slf'Sct." Sj.ffurch, cov.„d «.K pntidff, an'' 2.35 ^ gf. Near thiij.tewn are the ^reateft ^\>rA%ORV\VfVapor^;fN.Amcri- corper-rnine. in all Hung«y , but the In E w e of Rhode Iflrad. Itshsr. is oiie of the fined in the 9 weftward before the town, on a gradual afcent, and ex- tiful view from the water. of the town is Goat Ifland, a fort. In Newport is a tchouft and an elet',ant public is 80 miles N. E. of New . 71. 6. W. lat. 41. 35. N. T Pa ON EL, a townof Buck- with a market on Satuiday. rn the river Oule, and is noted anufafture of bunelacc, for I fort of mart ; and it flouriflies rn that account. It is 14 . E. of Buckingham, and ^i of London. Lon. o. 43. W. si. River, a fine artificial ftrcam, om two fprings at Chadwell II, near Ware, in Hertfordfhire, p!y of the metropolis with wa- islinifhed in 16 ij, by fir Hugh a rich citizen of London, who s whole fortune in the undcr- his river, with all its windings, and three quarters, and 16 It is under the management wration call-d the New River which is one of the mofl flou» the city. See Islington. RY, a confiderable borough of n the county of Down, fituated e of a fteep hill, at the foot of the Nkwry Water, having o ituue bridges ; and there is a gc over a navigable canal, by i has a communication wi;h eaghandCarlingford Bay. New- Tiuch improved in its trade and that it is now the largef\ town inty. It is 49 miles N. of Dub- , 6. ?r>. W. lat. 54. 15. N. HAM, a village in Durham, fitu- he Tees, five miles from Dar- This being the ufual ford over from the S. the bifhop of Dur- net here, at his firft coming :, when the lord of Stockbourn, f it, being at the head of the entlemen, advances into the mid- river, with his truncheon, and it to the bifhop, who returns it, ;n condut\td along amid the ac- s of the populace. Here was a nunnery. OL, a town of Upper Hrnigary, arge caf^le. It is a handforae d at Us upper end is a tower. Me is t' church, covered with Near thiij.tawn are the ^reateft linet in iill Hungary j but the ore ' J<;i|.ltLt i ^V * .'.---JkJl ! . a beauiiful rainbjw. NiBANo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of P.irma, ■; 7 miles W. of Parma. Lon. 10. o. E. lat. 4v 5. N. NiCAKAGVA. a miritimc province of N. America, in New Spain, and in the audience of Guatimala, blinded on the N. by H >ndurai, on the E. bv the At- lantic Orcan, on the S. E. by Colta Rica, aiul on the S- VV. by tlit South Sea. It is 400 miles in length f.om E. to W. riiid 120 in bie.uhh fr.iTi N. to S. It i<; rne of the iiioli truittiil provinces in Mexico, and is well vvater'jd by lakes and rivcis. The air is wiiolefonie and temper ite ; a'ld this ', country products plenty of liigar, tochi- ' nea^j and fine chocolate. Leon de Nica- ragua is the capital. ' NtCAKAGL'A, a lake of N. Ame- rica, in the provir-e of the fame naine. It is 200 miles in cumftrcncc, lias fonie iflands in it, and a retching from t!;e citv of Leon N. W. to S. K. coii.;niini':ates with the Atlantic Ocean iiy the river St. Ju^n. NiCAiiiA, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, between Saiiiris and Tina, about 50 iv.ilcs in circuiufcrence. It was anciently called ]c.'\rij, and extends trom 27^' to 2S. 40. N. lut. It is full of rocks; the ca- vern'- of which, the inhabitants, who p, re very |V)or, m.ikc their abode. Thtfe people are ol ilic Greek ri ligion, about 3000 in number. They apply thtiultlves to Uviniiviinj< and diving fi.r Ip'-uijcs, and for goods Ui'.\ li\ Ihipwreck. " The rirhtfl men in the ifl iiid," lays Thevcnot,'" give their daughters to the bell divers, wha are tried bi fore the maid and her father; and he who remain lopijtfl under" watof wjni her. 'V^le women," he adds, " have ■.v.i: .^f :. H h 3 til* -""— ^ K 1 C the afcendcncy ; «nd as foon as the huf- banJ arrives fmni any place, in his boat, the wife eocs to the fi a .lie, takes the oars, and carries them hi inc ; after wliich, the hvirti-ind cm t'llpole of nuthing without her permiliion." Nic^sxRO, an epifcopal town of the -kin):;dom of Naples, 1 7 miles S>. of Co- fenza. Lun. 16. 21. K. la-. 39. 3. N. KlOE, a county of Italv, bountlcd on the VV. by the river Var and the Mari- time Alp^, which divide jt from France ; «>n the N. by Piednion: -, on the R. by Piedmont and the territories of Genoa ; and on the S. by the Mediterranean. It was anciently an apptnd,-gc of Provence, in France, hut his, tor many years, belong- ed '<> the kin!;('f Sirdinia. Jn 1792, it was coiiquered t)v the Fiench. ft is 36 miles long iS broad, and contains about 120,000 inhabitants. Nice, 'W ancient, handlomc, and confi- dorable city, on the ccinfines of France anil Italy, capital of a county of the lame nijnu;, with a cit-del, a billiop's fee, and a ftnaie, whiuh is a kind of democracy. Jt has been (cveral tinus taken by the French, srd l.id of all in 171)1. It is very a;;rccab!y fituat. d. four miles from the mnuth of the Var, and H3 S. by VV. of Turin, Li'n. 7. 23, E. lat. 43.42. N. Nicr. SceJbMC. NicnABiuG, a town of Perfia, the largeft at'C richeft of Koraian, famous for a mine of Tiirkifl' flones in its ncit;h- )ji)ijrh"od. It is 37 miles from Mclched. Lon. 60.21. E. lat. 37. 10. N. N CHOLAS, Sra tiiwn «f France, in the dcj-artmcnt of Meuithc and late pro- vince of Loirain, with a handlomc church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, to which pil- jirims ff-rnierly went from all parts. It is il(,;ted on the Meiirthc five miles S. E. of !N,.->ci, ;.iid 26c E. of Pari-. Nn T^u: Ab, St. a feajwrt of RuiTia, in the gi>veri".-»itiit I'f Archi-ngel; feared at the noiith . f' rhc river Dwlna, on the . Vyiiite Sea, fix mi'-n S. of Archangel, N n:nv'LAb. CaTV St. Thk N 1 U NicoBAR Isi.ANns, the mme of fevtrai iflands, at the entrance of the gulf of Bengal, The natives arc tall anil well-propuriiontd, with long faces, black eyes, black lank hair, and dark cupper-co- loured fkins. They are faid to be a harm- Icfs good lort of people, and go quite naked, «kccpt a cloth about the waift. They have neither temples nor iiiolt ; nor does there feem to be any great fuperiority among them. They are excellent fwim- mert, and fomctimes will overtake fhipj under lail. They live in little huts, hav- ing no towns, and the country is almoft covered with wood They have no corn, but a fruit whicli I'erves them inftead of bread ; and they catch plenty of fiOi. They are ready to I'upply the Uiips that flop there with provifioni, for they have hogs and poultry enough ; and, in return, they take iron, linen, and tobacco. They extend northward, from the north point of Sumatra, The largeft of thefe iflands, which gives name to the rclt, is about 40 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. Its fouth end is in lon. 94. 13. E. lat, 8, o. N. Nicolas, St. one of the mod con- fiderablc of the Cape de Vcrd Iflands, lying between St. Lucia and St. Jago. It is about 7:; miles in length. The land is ftony, iv.ountainous and barren. Lon. 14, 10. W. lat. 16. 32. N. NicoLO, St. the moft confiderabl* of the iflcs of Tremeti, in the gulf of Ve- nice. It has a harbour, defended by a fortrefs, in which is an abbey, ivith a handlome church. Lon, 15. 37. E. lat. 41. 10. N. NicoMEDiA, a town of Turkey in Aha, in Natolia, now called Ifchmich, or Schmit. it was formerly a much larger place, as appears by the fine ruins. How. ever, it is ftill a place of confcquencc ; car- ries on a trade m filk, cotton, glafs, and earthen w arc ; and contains 30,000 inha- bitants, v-bo confift uf Greeks, Armeni- nians, and Turks. It h the fee of a Greek archbifl»op, and is 50 miles S. W. of Con MoT.F. or St. NiCHOLAi, a cape, town, ai;d I iiib' iir of t'le "'.V. lniii?h, at the N. t\'. cjctrcmity .of St. Pominiio, oppo' 'e -I'l'j' M ■/! n Cuba, an.^ tommaiHiing the ftr»i; between tht two -.Unids. called tl e Vipdwiiid Pair^ige. The harbour is ,. •«!•' ■j'lv fi"* and convtnicnt ; it is ab ut »96o yards broad at the entrance ; arid ',V-iiups o' any burden niav lide at anchor in the l,a'tn,'i'erf"^ly '^"f'^i «^^'*" during a W.lat. iq. I C.N ftantinople. L^n. 29. 30. E. lat. 40. 30. N. Nicopoi.i, a town of Turkey in Eu- rope, in Bulgaria, f;moiis for being the place where the firli battle was fought be- tween the Turks and the Chriflians in 1396; when the empecor Sigifmund loft the diy, and had 20,600 men killed. It i? feated on the Danube, 1 3 miles N. W. of Adrianople. Lon, 25. ^3- E- lat- 44-»6. N. Nrcoi'OLi, or Glanjsh, an ancient to^vnof Afia, in Armenia, built by Pom- hurric-Ti"-. Lor. 73. ;o. VV. lat. 19. It ,/-.<■ NiCKJsnsBVRn, a hnndfcme town of. -.pty the Great, on the nvcr Cerauna, 265 Getmanv, in Mor»via, with a ftrongf-'Jniles from Er/.erum, and u^from CQgm. J7 miles N. ot-yitima. . l:^ri ' ^i' ■ W 1 CJ Islands, the name of !s, at the entrance of the ilf The natives arc tall and lontd, with long faces, black nk hair, and darkcopper-co- Thcy arc faid to he a harm- 'f people, and go quite naked, pth about the waift. They temples nor iitolt ; nor docs to be any jjrcat fuperiority . They are excellent Iwim. imctimcs will overtake (hipj They live in little huts, hav- s, and the country is almoU |i wofid They have no corn, whicji lervcs them inftead of hey catch plenty of fifli. They > (apply the iliips that flop )roviruini, for they have hogs ' cnouj^h ; and, in return, 'n, linen, and tobacco. They ward, from the north point The largeft of thefe iflands, name tu the rclK is about 40 ength, and 15 in breadth, id lb in Ion. 94. jj. E. lat. 8, s, St. one of the moft con. the Cape dp Verd Iflands, een St. Lucia and St, Jago. 7 > miles in length. The land is itainous and barren. Lon. ti 16. 31. N. ^ ', St. the moft confiderahla of Tremeti, in the gulf of Ve- has a harbour, defended by a 1 wliich is an abbey, ivith a :hurch. Lon. 15. 37. E, Jat. 42. KDiA, a town of Turkey in latnlia, now called Ifchmich, or t was formerlv a much larger ppears by the fine ruins. How, till a place of confcquencc ; car- •ade m filk, cotton, glafs, and irc ; and contains 30,000 inha- 10 confift of Greeks, Armtni- Turks. It i» the fee of a Greek , and is 50 miles S. W. of Con- . L-in. 29. JO. E, lat. 40. 30. N. HI, a tovvn of Turkey in Eu- lulgaria, f-mous for being the e the firli battle was fouK'ht be. Turks and the Chrifii;ins in en the einpefor Sigilmund loft »d had io,tco men "killed. It is le iJanubc, 13 miles N. VV.of .Lon. 25. 13. E. lat. 44.46. N. >ti, or GlamSh, im ancient fia, in Armenia, huilt by Pom- •eat, on the rutr Cerauna, i(<^ Er/erum, and 115 from Ojgni- j.E.lat. 3». JJ..I*. .-. ,- N I E N I L NtccsiA, a ftronc town of Afia. capital the circle "f Weflphali^ and hif^opric of »if tlis ifland of Cvoriis, wlure a Tiuklfti I'.i.lcrborn, d sted on the ii\ei L I);ie, 20 rcfides. It is dehghtfuiiv fc'tted miles K. of LipftaJt. Lon. ». 3. bafh:i between the mnimtam Olvinpiis and a chain l.it. ti. :o. N f>f otii er mountain*. It w:l Loner S,(xnnv oiii iKichy of les in circuinh rcnce ; and there aie M^LklLnt)uru, in miles S. of Sch.venn. plantations of olives, tiltnonds, lemons, Lon. ti. 4ft. K. lat. 53. ;o. N ianj;cs, mulberries, and cvprclV-frees, in- NlisrAhT, a tc nf C rermnny, m terlperScd among the houl'en, whicli ^''ve tlic iin«Kllc Miiche of Brandcnburt', feat the town a dtli^'luful appearance. riie t(l I'll tne river Fuyhrc, 2^ miles N. F.. of d Gothic Uerlir ehui'ch of St. Sophia ftrurture, which the Turks luve lorned 1.1. 1. K. lat. s2. ' 1 1 sThK. into a nioUiue f»]i It is 100 mill - VV. MiEi'i'OKi, a (V Dsii iport 49 N. STh R. Tripoli, ami 160 S. VV. of Aleppo. Lon. ders, lix miles N. E. ot l''r of Aol^ricin F'an- , and 16 E.I N 34. 45. t<-. lat. 34. i^ N1COTEH.A, a leaport of the kingdom of Naples, with a bifliop's fee ; 35 miles N. E. of Rct^gio, and iti- 3. K. of Naples. Lon. 16. 30. E. lat. 3S. 54. N. NicoYA, a town of N. America, in New Sfiain, fiated on the coHft of the South Se?., at the bottom of 3 'lav, 4; miles S. E. of Nicaragua. Lun. iiii. o. W. lat. 10. 15. N, NiUAW, or NiDOw, a handfome town «f Swifi'erlanH, capital of a bailiwuk of the fame name, in the canton of Hern, with a caftle ; liruated on the lake of Bicnne, i :; miles N. VV.of Bern, and 60 S. W. of Zurich. NiEBLA, an ancient town of Spain, in Andalufia, fear-d on the Rio Tinto, 40 miles W. of Scviiie. Lon. 5. jtj. VV. lat. 37- i6- N. NiKMECZ, a rtrong town of Moldavia, between Socozwa and CronftaUt, being an miles from each. Lon. z6. 16, E. lat. 46. 5». W. NiEMF.N, a large rivtr of Poland, which rifes in Lithuania, where it palles N. K. of Dunkirk. Ni<;kk, a river, fuppofed to be one (f the largell in A'riea. J is rut and termi- nation 4ie unknown ; bu' its couric is from F. to W. ruiiniT..^ S. of the en^- pirt of Cailina, toward Tombui'lou, in the land'-, on the S. ot which country, it is lupp.'led t<> be I'.d. The Atricaiis have twi) names for this rivti ; n.iinily, Neel il Abted, or Rivtr ul the Nei:r(LS, and Noel il Kibetr, or the Great Kiw r. They alio term the Nile, Nie/ ^btn.; that is, the Fijvpiian River; I'o that the term Wtel, V* lie net our Nile, is nothing mme than the appellative of River, r.ke CTanj;es or Sinde. So great is the rapidity with whiih the NiL'er traverfes ihc unpire of Calhna, that no velfel can alccnd the ftre^m ; and -fuch is the want ot ikill.oc of commeretal intUicemcnts amon}; the in- hi.bitants of its borders, that even w//'» tht cutrent, neither vtllels nor boats »rc kefl tu i>avigatc. Even the (ruufwick> Lunenburg, with a ftrona catile. It car- rips on a confiderablc trade in corn amk wool, and is feated on the river Weltr, jo njiles N. W. of Hanover, and 37 S. K: of Bi'emcn. Lon. t>. 26. E- lar. |2. 4.1;. N. NlItN Cl.OSTF.R, a tovvn of Germai'v, In the circle of Lower Saxony and bi* Ibopric of Schwertti, thrci: miles p], of linns, that the tilh are nc.er difturbed. In the rainv icafon, the Niger Iwtiis above Its banks, tioods the adjacent lands, and olton fAeejs before it the cattle and coti,i(:es of the (hort.lii,hced or too-eonti- d«iu inhaniianis. Nik "HiNt:, a Town of Dcninarl-, ca- pital of the ifiarid of I'alftcr, or Hidtkr, in the B^.lrir, wih a I'trom; fort. 1' is ;^ miles S. W. of Cofjenhagen. Lon. li. 7. K. lat. i;4. ?o. N. NiKOPiN*s~., a town of Sweden, in the province oi SuHcrmania, W. of tlie BAltir, fco miles S. W. of Sto..kuuiui. Lon. 16. 40. E. lat. ^P. 40. N. NiLK, a jfi'cat rivtr of Afric:), which" Wifmar, It re the chief of a bailiwick, rifes at the foor of a i)"gh mouniaiu 1,1^ ^^ntl w?K ceded tu the Sweiks by tbi: trcatjfi Ab>ilinia. It riins firft N- E. nhu- of Wel^phalia. --'-'^ ■,' -^-I ward Hows dire^.lly E, und tntess tt] ■JJiitiHUis, a town of Germany, in great iukc Piiabia, runnii,^ thfuu^h 11 ft 4 AW iN 1 M N I O and, p:\(ling among the rock", the fight of cominercial town of the United Provineei, it is'aVnoll lol>. Then it runs toward the capital of Guelderland, witlx a citadel, an S. and thtn towanl the W, pairmj; to- ancient paUce, and ftyeral forts. It JJ ward 118 (ourcc, VMiich it Ic.ives 2 ;, mile* noted for tlw peace concluded here in to the K. forming .1 fort of pen nlula ; 1679. It has a magnificent tnwnhouie, after this It runs u\roui;h the remaining and is feated on tnc river Vahal, or VVa- parc of Aoyliin-a ir.to Nu^>i!i, and then in- hal, between the Rhine and the Mael\; t) Kgypt. t'd liclow w lich 11 :iri'ives at Cairo ; a little •ViJ.'s itlelf int )Uvo prcKt brunches, "which. \Mth the M-rditerninean Sea, forms the iiland caiud the D.Ita. The ancients reckoned 11 numths of the Nile, of which ieven were confidcrahlc ; but at pre'ent there rre cnlv two that are navi- gujic at all tiav-s ; and thole fire at Rufet- to and Dmiietca. In the middle of this river, between OKI Cairo and (lize, is feated the iland of Ri dda, which is a' f^ miles S. E. of Utrecht, and 70 N. E. of Antwerp. Lon. 5. 45. E. iat. 51. 55. N. NiMPo, a feaport of China, in the pro- vince of Chckiang. The ftreets are very- narrow, and appear more fo on account of penthouCes over the fhops. In failing up to Nimpo, the fliips pafs by a tovva called Tin-hie, commanded by a citadel, built on a verv high rock. The Chinefe merchants of Siam and Batavia go tiiither paces in breadth in the- middle ; and the front of the Mokias takes up n!! tlie This is tiie motl as long as Old Cairo. It is 500 yearly to buy filks ; and they have a great ■ ' trade to Japan, it being but two days fail diltant from it. Lon. lao. 20. E. iat. 39 breadth of the I'outhcrn part. This is tiie o. N. work of the Saracens, and derives its name NiNOVE, a town of Auftrian Flan- fro'Ti its u'.";, frr it fignilies mcafure. In ders, feated on the river Dender, with an reality they oblerve there every day, by abbey, 13 miles W. of Bruffels, Lon. 4. means of a graduated column, tlie iiicieife 5. E Iat. 50. 52. N. or decreal'e of tne waters of the Nile ; and thence the public cieiH regulate the proclamations they make of thefe events, at dift'^ieiit hours, through tne city. On fomt places of this river there are rocks, ^\ Hence the water falls feveral feet, and thefe are called the catarafls of the Nile. It overllows regularly every year, from the 15th of June to the i ;t!i of Sept E Iat. . , Nio, an illand of the Archipelago, t« the S. of Naxia. It was anciently called loi, froiVi having; been lirft planted by a colony of lonians. It is about 35 miles in circumference, and is fertile in corn, but has very little wood or oil. A few vtars ago, a Dutch officer in the RuiTian lervicc, who had occafion to vilit this idand, hivin'^ f^nind fome antique mar- \vhen it begins to dcereale. Tlie fertility bles, perfuaded himf-rif mat he had difco- of Egvpt depends upon the overllowins; of vered the tomb of Homer j but as %ve have the Nue; lod tl'.-'y reckon it will be a heard no more about it, there is reafon bad year wiicii it IS lei's I ban 14 cubits, and to fuppole he afterward renounced the above »», init 16 cubits is the proper pretenfion. *' The regular manners, and height; and when this happens, they the behaviour of tnefe iflanders to each inake pubix rej ncwiis throughout the other," fays the count dc Choifleul Delta. Tnis river affordr, picnry of fifh, Gouffier, " with their kind treatment of and breedh a ^reat nu^jiber of crocodiles, ftrangers, revives an ideaof the fimplicitjr vhieh are very large and dangerous. The Uika, or Lower E^jvpt, is always over- llii.vtd; and when the waters are almoft eone oft", they li-w it with rice, which de- lights, ir. 'vaterv grounds. During the inundation, the little towns, ftandii'g upon eminences, look like fo many iflands; and tbey go from one to the other by boats. In, Caivo there it a canal called Khalis, Sshich is opened when the water is high enough ; thence it is conveyed into re of the primitive ages. Men, women, and children, appear eager to do any good of- fices for travellers, without permitting their fervants to fliare in their endev ours. This benevolent difpofition is without any mixture of impertinent curiofity or intercf\, but is the genuine remains of an- cient hofpitatity. An ingenious gentle- man, who was larely on the illand, experi- enced the truth of this reprefentition. He could not prevail on any of them to ac- fervojrs and cifterns, and is afterward cept the lead pecuniary recompence for diftfibuted into the fields and gardens, as their trouble: thev only required \n at- occahott requires. This inundation of teftation of the welcome he received, their the Nile is caut'ed by the periodical rains charafter in this refpeft feeiiiing to be which fail every year between the tropics, what thefe honeft people chiefly prided and more pirticularly in Abyflinia, which themfelves in. It may be truly affirmed, is fidl of hig.h mountains. See Niger. that hofpitality is the point of honour in liiU^.o\iESf t large, handfome, and the Eaft; and that this virtue is conftitu-^ .»M tlOHiil ,-_iJ^g^Si; N I O ' " bwn of the United Provineei, lelderland, witli a citadel, an Ic, and ftyeral forts. It is Ic peace concluded here in Is a magnificent townhoule, on tilt river Vahal, or Wa- [^thc Rhine and the Muefe ; i. of Uticcht, and 70 N. E, Lon. ;. 45. E. lat. 51. foaport or China, in the pro- kiang. The ftrtets are \tTy lappe^r m.jre fo on account of bver the (hops. In failing 10, thi; fliips pafs by a town ic, commanded by a citadel, rv high rock. The Chinefe Siam and Batavia go thither y filks ; and they have a great an, it being but two days fail it. Lon. 110. 20. E. lat. 39 a town of Auftrian Flan- on the river Dender, with an ilcs W. of Bruffels. Lon. a. 52. N. * illand of the Archipelago, t« ixia. It was anciently called avia^ hc.en iirit pinnted by a anians. It is abniit 35 miles rciice, and is fertile in corn, y little wood or oil. A few Dutch officer in the Rufllaii I had occafion to vifit this n'j; t'Hind foine antique mar- ried himf'.if taat he had difco- mb of Homer ; but as we have lore about it, there is reafon he afterward renounced the *' The regular manners, and Jr of tnefe iflanders to each s the count dc Choifleul with their kind treatment of vives an idea of the fimplicity tive ages. Men, women, and pear eager to do any good of- avellers, without permitting s to flure in their endev ours, oltnt difpofition is without ; of impertinent curiofity or is the genuine remains of an- ility. An ingenious gentle- ■as larely on the ifland, experi- ith of this reprefentation. He revai! on any of them to ac- ift pecuniary recompence for e : they cinly required ^n at- :he welcome he received, their I this refpeft feeming to be hoiieft people chiefly prided n. It may be truly affirmed, lity is the point of honour in td that this virtue is conftitu- tion<>I tional in the Greeks fince we find it in m^>dcrn, m well as in remote times, under their tyrannical gcivernmcnt as well as in their republican ages ; under the Chr'f- lian and Mahometan faith;, as well as un- cer Paganifm. The Greeks inherit hof- pitaUty from their anc.ftrr, ; the Turks derive it from their religion." Lon. 25. J5, W. lat. 36. 4v N. NiOKTv a coniderable tr^ding town of France, in the department of the Tkvo Sevres and late province of Poitou.. They manufadture druggets, ferges, and other coarfe woollen goods ; and their dry fweetmeatt are niurh eftccmed. It is iS miles N. E. of Rociicllc. Lon. 0, 33. W. lat. 46. 20. N. NrrjioN, an ifland of Ada, the largeft of Japan, being 600 miles in leiii^th, and 150 in breadth, containing 55 pro- vinces. The chief town is Jtddo. NisiiNEi-NovOGOROD, a populous town of RulTia, in the government of tiie fame name, with a citadel, and an archi- epifcopal fee. It is feated un a mountain, at the conlluence of the Volg ■ a;id the Occa, 280 miles E. by N. of Mol'cow. Lon. 46. 30. E. lat. 56. 34. N. NisiBF.N, or Nesbiv, a very ancient and celebrated town of Af:a, in Diarbeck ; now only the fhadow of \vhat it was, and feated in a "aft plain, 70 miles S. VV. of Diarbetk. Lon. :;8. 26. E. lat. 36. 10. N. NisiTA, a fiuall ifland of Italy, on the coaft of the kingdom of Naples. It is very fertile, and wouid he more fo but for the great number of rabbits. It has a fmall harbour, called Port ' Pavone. NisMEs, orNiMi's, an ancient, large, and flou idling town of Fr.ince, in the de- partmi .t of Gard and late province of Languedoc, with a bi'hop's fee. There are fev-ral monuments of antiquity, of which the amphitheatre, built by the Ro- mans, is the principal. TheMaiCon C^iiar- r^e, or the fquare huufe, is a piece of archi- tefture of the Corinthian order, and one cf the fineft in the world. The temple of Diana is, in part, gone to ruin. Ninies was taken by theEni^lifh in 141 7. The inha- bitants wereall Calvinifts; but Le.visXlV. demolifhed their church in 16S5, and buiit a caftle to keep them in awe. It is feated in a delightful plain, abounding in wine, oil, game, ami cattle; 12 milts N. W. of Aries, 27 N. E. of Montpellier. and 75 N. E. of Narboune. Lon. 4. 26. E. lat. 43. jr.N. Nr^SA, orNEssAVA, a town of Tur- Key in Europe, in the province of Servia, kated 'ou the river Morava. It was burnt by the ImperialiUs in 1689, and it i-littOlT ' N O A 20 miles E. of Piecop, and 120 S. E. of Belgrade. Lon. xi. 11. E. l^t. ^■^. \i. N. ' Njth, a river of Duintiieslliire, in Scotland, which rifts in the mount, rns to the N. \y . and gives the iutic of NithC- dale to that part of ilir county through which it ilows. A litile above Dui> fries, it ji.ms the Cairn, and t' eir uiiiied Oreamt form a fine tftuary in ihe SoKviy Fnth. NiTHSDALE, a dilinW of Dumfries- fliire, in Scotlaml, in ilit N. W. part of the tour.iy. Sec Ni IH. NiXKiA, a f.iniotis dtfert of Egypt, jy miles in length/ bounded I'n the N. by the Med'ti.rniiieiui ; on tiie E. by the Nile; oil til' S. oy ihe delerl of Scti ; and on the \V. by St Hilarion. It had former- ly a gieat number of moiiarteiics, which arc now reduced to four ; and it takes its naiiic from a fait lake, out of >. hich is got the natruin of the anciciils, in which they carry on a great trade. NlVJ.LLl, a ton of AiilrMo Br.i- bant, rem;iikable for its aboey of c mo- nelTes, who are not contincd witliri the walls', but may goiut and m.irry whenever they pleafe. Here alio is J hn of N v lie, fo niuch admired by the coiiim n jciRA-r)i Paoasi, a town of the • Nonnr.Aw. Sec BaVARia, Ur- kingdoia of Ntplt-s, i :; inilf- S. ot Naples, pis PAt.ATiN a rt of. L''n. 14. 10. E. laf. 40. -56. N. Nori'H auskn, an ancient imptrial V'OCJEN X-sl'kSkivi., a town i town of Germany, in the circle of Lower France, in the department of Aiibe 'and ,' ixony, and imder the profition ot the late profinre of Clismpigne, IcaTd on dcft'T of Saxony. The inhnhitants «re the river Seine, i; milis N. VV. of Protellanis. It is 15 miles S. VV. of Hal- Troycs. Lon. 3. 4c. F.. lit. 4S. 3c. N. bcri'adt. Lon. 11. 3. E. lat. 51. 4r. N. NoGt^T-i.E RoTHOL', a town of NoiioKropiNr;, one of the largeft France, in the dcp.nnitin of Eiire and inland towns in Swedt-o, in the province Loire and late proMn.e of Heauft j lenied of E. Gothland. It covers a larj',e fpace on the river Huilnc, 3; miles N. E. of of ground, being lo mtlcs in circuiiifc- ^ans, Lon. o. t,o. E. lat. 4S. »6. N. rtncc ; but the hoiifes arc fmall and I'cat- NoiR, Capk. a rape at the S. extre- tcred, and the inhabitants do not exceed mity of Titrra djl Euek,'o, in S. America. 10.000. Its fuuation on the Motala is Lon. 73' ?• ^V- l^'- '4- 31- ^- fxccedmf/ly pifturtfrjue. That rivei flows , (» Noi iiMOTiiiii, a town of France, ca- thnmi^h the town, frrms a feries of cata- ' pital of an illflnd of the fanio name, which idf.h, and is divided into four principal lies in the mouth of the river Loire, is 17 ftreams, which encircle fevtral rocky miles in length, and S in breadth, full of idand', covered 'vith houfes and manufac- hoas, and yet there are eood pallurcs. tories. At the extremity of the town it Lon. z. 10. W. lat. 47. o. N. is navigable fur fmall veiTels. Here are NoLA. an ancient town of the kinp- maiiv talirirs of cloth, fome fugar-houfts, dom of Naples, with a bilhop's fee. It is one of fnuff, no mills for grinding corn, 10 miles N. E. of Nsplesi Lon. 14. t8. and a brals foundry. Corn is exported £. lat. 40. ib. N. hence in great quantities ; and a falmon- Noi. I, a town of Italy, in the territory fifliery gives employment and riches to of Genoa, with a bilhop's Ice, and a good many of the inhabitants. Nordkioping is harbour. It is five miles N. E. of Final, 90 milts S. W. of Stockholm. Lon. 15, and 30 S. VV. of Genoa. Lon. 8. 41. E. 50. E. lat. 58. tS.N, lat. 44. 18. N. ' NoRDi.ANn, a province of Northern NoMBKE-i3t:-Dios, a town of S. Norway, included in the government of America, in the province of Darien, a Dr.ntheim. little to the eartv\ard of Porto-Hello. It NoRDLlNREN, or NoRl.IVOF.N, 4 is now abaniloned, and the trade i" re- free imperial town of Germany, in Snahia, moved to 1'.. no -lie Ho. Lon. 78. 35. W. It is ji trading place, and the inhabitants lat. 9. 40. N. are Lutherans. It is feated on the river NoME.-OY, a town of France, in the Aigrc, 3« miles N. W. of Auglburg. department of Meurihc and late province Lon. 11. 40. E. lat. 4S. (;». N. of Lorrain, feated on the river Selle, 15 Noi 10. E. iat. 44. 31;. N. tends about 77 miles fR>m 'E. to \V. •■ NoORDKN.acf^nfiderable town of Ger- and 45 from N. to S. It contains 31 many, in Wtftphalia, ii miles N. of hundreds, one city, 31 market-towns, «nd Embdtn. Lon. •/. 5. E. lat. ;t. :)8. N-. 660 parilhes; and fetid* twelve members NooTKA. See King GtOHCt's to pailiamcnt. The face of this county SouNO. i ' ■ varies left rhsn in mnrli tradVs of equal ex- NouciA, a town of Italy, in the duchy tent in England. Not one hill of mo- of tipoietto, and territuiy oi the Pope. Ii aerate height is ig be feen in the who.e - ^ ' county J |N O R I'lil'l'c, flnd \i. rtiiteA amonr 2oir..ltsS. E. of Spolctto. f. 41. ?«. N. a tortrefs of Dcnmnrk, I'lf Slcfwick, wliicli has it* iitiiaiion to the N. of the "• Sfc Bavaria, Ur- ^ATI, OF. "•HNi ai. ancient iirptrial ii*nv, in the circle of Lower under the prot-flinn of the Ifony. The iri|ial,itantH Hrc It IS V? "'lies S. VV. of JIaU '"• "• }■ K. lat. <;i. 4r. N. I'lNf;, one of the l.irgcft in Swedi-Q, in the province nd. It covers a liirjje fpace «"ig lo milts in citvumfe- hc houfes arc (mall and (cat- ic inhabitants do not exceed htUHtion on the Mot^ila ig >i<^urtfrjue. That rivt, flows town, frrms a ferics of cats- divided into four principal iirli enr.rcle fevt-ral rocky red -vith houCcs and manufac- the extremity of the town it lor fmall vetTels. Here arc : of cloth, Come fiig.ir-houfts, . j;o mills for grinding corn, foundry. Corn h exported i;at quantities ; and a falmon- es employment and riches to ■inhabitants. Nordkiopinc is W. of Stockholm, Lon. i;. 58. i8. N, 'AND, a province of Northern leluded in the government of NOES, or NoRt.lVGFv, g I town of Gtrmanv, in Suahia. ling place, and the inhabitants ns. Jt is feated on the river miles N. W. cf AuL'fbur.'. • E. lat. 4S. ^2. N. * RA^fD, an irtand of Denmark, ' of Slefwick, which was en- J"'ed in 1634. Lon, 9. 15.E. K. a county of Enphnd, the N. and E. bv tlie Ger- ; on the W. by CiaitiSdgc- 'liilliire, and the X\'afh j aiwl nd S. E. by Suftolk. It cx- 77 miles fnmi E. to W. n N. to S, It contains ji lie city, 31 market-towns, and ' ; and fetids tvvclvo members >t. The face of fhts county ion in mnd train's of equal ex- ;land. Not one hill uf mo- lt 15 19 be feen in the who.e county } I\ U K - - MOnty ; v*f, in moft part^, it» fiirfice is broken into gentle I'weIN and depreltioiis. At the weflern extremity, is a confider- ■bie traft of flat f< nny land ; :ind, on the fcift, a narrow ir.i< L 11- (.'n under the name of C'lniluidije h'.rier. The fhccp arc a hardy (mall orted, niiicn valued fur their mutt in. Tmkies -.ire rcnrt'd here to a Urger fucthan tHewiierc. Ralibits are extremely nuinrrnus on the fandy heaths ; and thnt is liktwifr ahiiii- dance of paine, elpecr.illy of p'eH(<(n's. On the feaco.ift, herriii«fs and nurk:- -els are caught in great plenty ; and Yar. mouth, ia particular, is noted f^ir the curiog of red herrings. The air »r tHi» county is ('larp and piercing, which tiiro«s the fea(on5 mt^te backward than in other counties under the (ame ! itif.ide ; but it is very wholefomc, oirticu'arly in the inland parts. The inanufartiirri of Norfolk are worfted, woollen and filk*. Its principnl rivers arc the Gnat Oiif. , Nen, Little Oofe, VV'aveiiey, Yare, and Bure. Norwich is thi caniral. Norfolk JsLAnh, «ti ifl:ind in the S. Pacific Ogesn, lvin^' H. of New South Wales, and fettled by a co|i nv ot con- vifts, fubordinate to that j;overnineit. Jt is very hillv. Some of the vaiiics are tolerably large, bur ni )l\ of the-n are only jJeephollows. JMouut Piti,ihe U JV choked with undftwrxKl. Th« diirabi", Th« (priru is perceptible in AupuO , but the tree-, ate in ;i tonft.ini (uncfl i.n ot fli.ver- inii ard fruiting the ve:tr roio d- The (nil, when ciebied. n'lv be rendireH wry pr duitive j and the uir is vnv viji-lc- i.nit. In (iitrmrr the heat is cxceUivc. All the f^rain ami Kuioot;in piann lenl in D.rc'iMier. KriMn I'luriiaiv tu Aui'iift may lie c.illtd the I'ionv l< aion. The winrtr, fioin April to Julv, is veiy plea, (mi : llure is rcvi.r any 'r i|* ; bur when tl'e a. ^\'• winds hi 'W. the air is raw aiitl c>i!d. This ifian«l is will iiipphcti with nianv ftreams of good wjttr, w hn h ab->un4 with verv (ni eels. T: c clitli. round the cottl are s.;i feet high, and quite perpen- dicular. T he want of j hie h irbiur i« % i;re:it inrini etiinx t ; nnd the v.ift num- ber of coral ck« rf nJers ar.fhornge very iiil'ecure. Th • littl.mtnt is formed iit Svdney B-y, on rlie b. fide of the i(land« in I'ln. 68. 11. K. lat. ».g. 4. S. • NoKi.ANi), one of the live jreneral divilions of Swtden, comprehi nding the ("■ovinces of Gcdrikrland, H' >(ingKnd, Mfdel^iidia, H.'n'latid. Herjtdalia, On- germ.inia. and Will ii-nlinia. N^K.^:A^'lJY, a late provinre of Francf, b.i.indcd on the N. by the Kn^^lifh Cliamicl ; on the E. by Picipiy ;ind the I lie of i ra /.ce ; on the S. bv Ferche, M.tine, and Bret i)?ne ; tind on the W. by theoci'in. lit; .ih uit i ;o niiles in length. So ir» hier.dfh, and fyro '.: rncumfeieiife. It IS one i.f the m tt fci.. - in France, and ab-'iirds in all tlnn/s txcept wine, but they fupply that defeft by cider and per- ry. Jt coniains iron, coprirr, and a great n'unber of riv( ri ioH hirbours. The N. imnns. a pCi.file ot Denm.irk tind Nor- way, ha\ttig entned France under Ridlo, Cii.irhs the Simple ceded this country r© tnrm m 01 :, winch, fium that time, wm iill d Nnrrrapdy. K^'l'ui w;is the firft duke, and held it an a (ief of the ciown of Franif, uv,d levfinl of his uicce(l"rs after him, till Will'tm, the fcvtnth duke, cm- quercd l''oi'ijnd 111 106C. fir.ni which time it hcc.4'i:e a j'p.vincc of f-.p^l ,nd, till it was Lift i\i the reu-n of kin^ |i)bn, and rcunitid tn thf crvii, ot I'nnre ; 1 at the F.nt'liih •''ii keep rhir iflinds (in the coaft of Nornuoi 'v. It ici.v form'; the dfpart- inenrs of C;lvadns. Kiiic, the Channel, Oine,«:ii'd LciA'er Seine. * MoKXii, tlis d'.^artment of the. Viijui* ;idi r>i . /'. >1 1.1 • i|i ,1 .;ici"'l •.•; 1.' -,•; >n. . . . - . 1 - w o"it •-iy-\j KT - • t 1 „™ .V,. u,» Vrrnc\t have been much diminiflied by »srieu!- N. nd.n.K of Y<'r>^" "^^ ; o n ', fmall olonrebuiU.- Itfcnd.:two.nem- montory in Europ.N on the coaft of^Nor- E; to parliament. »nd h.s a good hce- -'^j^^;,;; ."jc^ j, ^^^^^ ;,„'„f'tm rfet ,ch.oI, .'nJ a county -n -rm-y, -d g . . ,^^^''\:" ^^^^n a,U.\„ Tuefda: lion The horle fairs of this place are erta'Iy rcforted to. It is a handfoinc well-bviih town, and has a fpinous tnar- liet place. It hnd fevcn chtuchcs, which .re DOW reduced to four. It was, in a er«.t tneAfure, deftroycd by firr in ir>75. £' (liiif, with two markets, on Tuelday and Saturday. It is I'cattd on the river Tone, is a pretty good place, and the markets are well i'upplicd with provifions. It is lo miles S. W.of Wells, and 13+ W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. l*t. 51. o. N. Northpi.t:et, a village in Kent, or the banks of the Thames, one mile W. from Gravdend, snd :i E. of London. Tlic church is vtrv large, and contaws fragments of mouumcnts as ancient as ihc fourteenth century. Tlie prefcnt lletplc was ercfted in 1717. a'>J commands an extenfive and bca>itiful divcrfit'ied i^ro- dred,, containing one city, it "urktt- ^ V;! ; ;,!, town of Gcrminy, ^wns. and 33= P-J« ' - ^ J^ f ' hi in d^cirde of Lower S ixony and duchy members to P^^ ''^^ V''" T ^.f^ ^ .! e N. of Brunfwick, whi< h carries on a gr.-.t e^^l-Jl^trtnun^raSfltmr; : Le!ri'^^.:S.^H..ver. L.i. 7. In 'hr meldows below the to.vn, a battle uas fomrht, in 1460, between Henry VL and .heYorkiAs. in which the form-r was rfefeattd and made prifoncr. Nut far from Kofthampton is a fine Gothic (?>;"«";«. called Qi'een'^ Crofs, ercfltd by Kdward L in memory of h.s quren Fleov.r. This town is ^o m.le. VV. of CambrKige. 30 S. K. of Coventry, and f'. N. VV. bv N. of London. Lon. .. M.W. laV. 5^- "• N NoRTHAMrTossinriE. a f ""'Y "^ Enclar.d, bounded on the N. W. by i.ei- cefter(hire and i;utUndnurc, on tne N. by Lincollhire ; on the E. by the couri- lies of Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Rtd- ford: on the S. by Bucks and Oxf.rd- c«mmtnc.mcnt of the fennv tr.ft cxteiid ine te the Linrohiflnre U'ath. Wuh 10. E. lat. 51. 42. N- . ^, . Noariii.hi CH, a town of Glouceltei- {Iiire, with a market on Wcdnclday. It bns fevcral almihoules, and a free grammar- ichool, nr.d is i\ miles E. of Gloucel\i;r, and So W. by N. of London. Lon. 1.45- this ftngle exception, North-.mptonfhire is, in a i^annet. povcrbiHlly regarded as a fine and pUarani county ; an opinion, con- firmed by the nnmberoMeats u, the no- btlity ami Ecntry which it contains. ts ^^ • f^^/, ;,^,;Vkl and, a count like thole in allotllcr partsof the km^ckim, y of ^^^ ^__ ^ ... . bcini^ fii'tuiVd to'thc N, of the Humbtr. lu iMWi^S^S^^ferS g^n tlie S. The proHii('l« of e, in j^encrul, tlic rune with f4riiiing countries. Jt is, liarly celeurated for gra^lnf» <5t efpccinilv, which he* frrjm northwHnl to tlie LcicelkT- Horncd cattle, and other here fed to txtraordinarr any horics of the Urge black reii. Woad for tlie diers is this part ; but tlie county i$ (lied fur manufadturci. The rs are the Nen and Wcliand : It M partly watered by the Cherwell, and Avon. Th« IS NurtliMtipton. -APE, the mill northern pro. tuiropo, on the coaft of Nor- z6. I. E. l.it. 71. 10. N. -URKV, a town of Somcrfct. two markets, on Tuel'day It in (e:ittd on the river pretty good place, and the well Uipplicd with provifums. :i S. W. of Wells, and 13+ VV. don. Lon. 3. o. VV. lat. 51. 'I.FF.T, a villaj;e in Kent, on if the Thames, one mile VV. H'end, snd it E. of l.nndon. 1 is Very large, and conta^■lS f moiiuMicnt'; a'> ancient as ihe entury. The prefcnt lU'tplc 1 in 17 17, and commands an ind bci'itiful diverlitled pro- \ ciuantities of lime arc njude, numbers of extrane:)Us fjllils lug up here. Foreland. See Fork- ;iM, a rich town of Germany, I of Lower S ixony and duchy ck, \vhi( h carries on a gre.it s a well-liL((iientcd paiTage. It tween the river:; Rhume and lilts S. of Itaiiovcr. Lju. 7. SI. 4*. N- .fci.CH, a town of Gloucefter- a market on VVednelday. It ilmilioufes, and a free grammar- is 1 5 miles E. of Gloucefter, by N. of London. Lon. 1.45. . 46. N. L'^tBKKLAND, a County uf rceiving its natne frtin ueinif the N. uf the Humbtr. In .ff^.tlltl'i^ ltd IJMlm.. . • NOR the Saxon heptarchv it wni a part of the kingdom of the Northumbrians, whii.h contained not only tlic touniy new called Northumberland, but alio Yorklliire, Lan- calhire, Durham, Cumberland, and Weft- ■norland. It ik I'eated in ihe extremity uf England, next to Scotland, and i» bounded on the E. by the German Ocean } on the S. by the bilhcpric of Durham ; on the W. and S. W. by Cuinberl .nd ; and on the N. VV, and N. by botlaiul, from which it is I'epar.itid by the river Tweed. It extends abdut 70 miles in leni^ih fr 'iii N. to S. and 30 in hrtadtU tioin K. to VV. It contains 12 maiket-iowns, and 460 pariflies. It lies in the diecel'c of Dur- tiam, and fends a^ht members to p.irlia- ment. The air of this c; unty is lut lo cold at might be imagine J troin the lati. tude in which it lies ; t'c its lituatii 11 be- tNvcen two leas, in the narrnwell uart of England, gives it the adv.iiuai;e of having the cold nil derated by tlie vapours of each ; and for this realbn the fnow feldoiii liis long in N irthumbcrland, except on the tops of high hills. The uir is txtrenicly healthful; and the people, who gentially live to a great age, are leldom alHi^.tcd with (ickneft. 1 he foil is various ; the eadern part fruitful, having very good wheat and inoli forts of corn, witu rich meadows on the banks of the river* ; but the wellern part is generally barren, it being molUy heathy and mountainous. The S. E. pirt abounds with pittoal : the S. VV. angle has very rich lead mines, but very little wood. This county is well watered by rivers, the principal of which are the Tyne, Tweed, and Co.iuet. Aln- wick is the county -town ; but the Liigeft and richell is Newcadle. Noi}THWicH, a town of Chcll/irc, \\ith a market on Friday. It is llated near tlie river Dane, and is a handlome place, chiefly noted for iti falt-works. Vaft pits of foHil rock lali iiave been dug here to a great depth, from wiiieh im- mcnfe quantities aie railed, partly to be purified on the fpot by ridifTolving and boiling, and partly to be exported in its crude llatt. Moll of the latter goes to Liverpool by the river Weaver ; aad the plenty and cheapnel* of this coniiuodity iiavc been priuciiial caufes of the great foreign comiutrce of that port. The c.eiir annual duty received yb govtrniiient for Chefhirc fait atnorur.ts to 20c,oool. North- wich is 20 miles N. E.of Chefter, and 173 H. VV. of Loudon. Lun. 2. 36. VV. lat. 53. 16. N. N6in ON, or Chipping Norto.v, a corpoiate town of Oxfoiullme, with a ga<>d ' mMkfct on WednelUay, fur corn, NOR entile, nnd provifioni. It i» it wilei S. VV. uf Uanbury, and 74 N. W. of Loo- don. Lon. I, 17. W. lit. ^1. 5s. N. NOK ION Soi.M>, an initt of the Tea, on the VV.coall of N. America, dilcnvcred by captain Cook in his lad voyage. Lun. »6j. 47. VV. lat. 64. 55. N. NOK w A V, a kingdom in the N.of Eu- rope, the moft wtfterly part of the ancient Scjiulin.ivM. * It is formed by nature in. to (wo divifions J namely, Northeiii, and Siiiitliirn or Proper Norway, f«par«ted fr^ni ea.-'i other by the fmall Swcdifh pro- vince of ILmdalil. Northern Norv^av i» a Inu^ .ind narrow Uip of l.uid, extending as f.r ;is Cape North, the nn ll northern point of Europe, beyond 71". N. lat. and l)ouii.!t,l on the VV. ami N. by tin Ncrth- cni ().i...iij by Swedilh and RuUiaii Lap- land, Mil tlie E. an»l by Sweden on the S. It i-i JnuKd into Nordl.ind and Finiitack, and Muliuled in the j;ovcrninent of Dron- tliciii'. Snuthern Norway i« bounded on the N. aijd E. by Sweden, and on the S. nnd VV. by the Northern Ocean. It is disided into the four governnicnti of Aggerliuys or Chriftiaiiia, Chriftianfand, lUrren, and Drontheiin. From its rockf foil and northern polition, Norway ii not populous in proportion to its extent. Mr. Coxc l.a» calculated the number of inha- biirtnts to be 7 50, coo. They maintain t'leir own army, which confifls if 24,000 foot and 6000 casalry. Their trooj>s are much eflcenied for their bravery, and, like the Swifs mountaineers, art excctd- invly attached to their country. Tlie hor'es which fupply their cavalry ate fniall, but ftrong, aflivc, and hnrdy. Norway i^ blefTcd with a particular code, Crilled the Norway Law, compiled by Grietftli'Ll!, at ilie command of Chril- tian V. thf great Icgiflator of his country. By this law, the palladium of Norway, peaf.iiits are free, a few only exttpted on I'oiiic noble eftates near Frtdiricltadt ; and the benefits of this code are villble in the great difTtrcnce, in their appearance, between the free pcafants in Norway and the cnflaved valTals of Denmark, though both living under the fame government. Tile Norweigian peafants puileis much fpirit and fire in their rwanncr } are frank, opeii, and undaunted, yet not in- lolent ; never faw ning to their fuperiors, yet paying proper tglpcftto tljofe aoove them. " Their principal mode of falule.'V fays Mr, Co.\e, " i> by offering their haiid.j and when we gavq or paid them any trifle, the peafants, inftead of returning thatiks' by >.•... d-, ur by a bow, (hook our ,ban4«- with great franknefsind cordialitv." The lame cau!» which aifedt tlie popt iation of NOR NOR Nnrwsr, opente HVcNvife nn tht flate of river Y^re, w!»icl» run» through ic, aixl tilUite ; for, \Uh'>iigh ii f'^mc pUeei vej^c- h tKvmiMc litnte to Yirnviatu, *iilw)ut uion i« (>i <|'ii(k, ttiar rhc corn ii I'^vn lock*. Althx^h it i> t place of ci^aii>lti< Mil ctit in fit 'tr tevrn wi'tlvrtcd from tint circiirti. t'ur it< n>«n c nlu'vpii n. It is, li 'tvtver, ftdiuv, •ti li C'lnijinii i number gt' f^irJcni txctcclin.ly rich in piftiirc, anif onl' auiniiy priiduct*' niinh c^ lie. Tlu flfli- trici, piMiciilii Iv ''n fhp wt-fttrn fiaO, ftiutinifil S.I tn( : H'l wealth fiirtni nrl' ei, ■n'l liipplv ilie (incft liiilnr^tor the Dini'Ji BcL't. 'I lie piin"n>«l lilh, which Mrud .md and lire i.irdi within :he w.ilN. It i> ■ city md oiintv of itlelf, and ("end* twp in'iiibir* to psrlLtiiicnt. It it governed Iiy.i mayor, rtcordtr, (\cward, cwolherilfi, 2 I iMtrmcn, 'lo coniiiion-c(iunci!-.nitn,\c. fti n l)le c.iiiiidr i! v/i% founded in 1096, fmied, til. nidi a f n "lerahle iiriicic of ex- on ilic tranlitign of the hilhop'v I'cc frmn |>orv ition, are the C"d, the hn-;, snd the whitini(S their livir* df vitM iramod ; and the imallcti Rre loven ns « inter fod- 6t.t to the cattle. The ixtcn'ive forcfta of ortfc and pini piodiire limber fp.irx, Thctford to this place. There are, Ufide the rathedral. )6 panlh churches, lume fif which were formerly covered witU thatch ; nvo churihcs for the Flcmin^», 'otiie diirenting mi.cting-iiotiic., and a beams, and planks, r-i'i'^H- charcod, Miipen- Roinm Catholic chapel. It has a (lately tine, l)j.ik, fuel and tvinni mure . and the caMie, on a hill, which command, a rtna kirch (the bark of which is tili I as a view of the ciiy : this caftlc \* the (hire* covering for the rtio^* of hou e ) not only hoult for the counry, ind the county gaol; fupplie:* fuel, hut alio a kind of wine which tt produced liy borint; a hole in trc trunk, and the wini tld^'li into a flalk placed under it. 'I'lie iwi(.'s •■•' 'h<. biirh ah'>, R'. well as of the elder and afpen, arc given to liorlVi in darcitv of fmlder. The general exports of Norway are rdlow. but the afFues for the ciry being held ai the Guildhall. Norwich has a good public Iihrary, a citv and county hufpitaJ, a thea- tii'-royai, an clegmt affeinbly-riK)!!!, and a V.uixliall in miniature. Here it alfu a lofty mr.rktt-houle '.f freeftonc, and a b'tdtwell built of ilin! lek, iinied in his ptrlcn the v\ich long took the lead, in point of con- kiiigdi tns (d Sweifin p.nd N' may. ^^fai;- feijuence, amon^ the inland towns. For BUS was I'uctccded inilie kill. 'I in f Nor- way by his f.n Hati'n VI. h lO and of the celebr.ited Vlar^'aret ; an^l, at his d' cafe, in I jiio, N '1 wiy wris uniud to Dmnark this it was indebted to its great inanufac- turcs of cr.ipes, b iinbazines, and (lutfii of vari lti • c |<'ipiil4ti(iii ii not (i) gruu xiivrtcd from tint circiiiiu ntjiiit 1 numhiT gf f, irJcnt wiiliin i'he w.iih. I( i> a Itv of itCclf, ami t'caiU two .\rli;iincnt. It it governed corJtr, llcward, two theritfit, ruaiiiiun-councii-nivn, \.c. 'In! \Vi% rnuniltil in 109b, in of th« hilhiip'k I'cc triiin li.i pbcc. There are, bifule )6 p4rilh churchts, lome «rc fnrmerly covered with cliurihcs for the Fleming*, ing mi.'cting-liouic', anJ a iIk cUjpel. It his a lUtel/ hill, caRIc ik the (hire* ; counry, ind the county giiol ; ){ the ciry being I'cid at the Norwich hi\i a gon, which are AiJI confidcrablc, luwhat decliiitd, on account of ip of the co'ton branches, and , nc:c of prohibition^ in fortiga Norwich contain^ many opu« (anisi and good buiidini;!., par- iitry (pacious market-plare; but [that of St. Giles cKcepted) are d iildilpofed. It IS 4} mile* wich, and J09 N. E. by N. 11. Lun. I. 20. £. lat. 5a. WICH, a town of N. America, t of Conntdlicut, (eated at the ic river Thmnts, 11 milts N. L'ndjn; at which pi ice and he evccutive courts of law are itely. Here art- inaiiufaftontg of ail kinds, HockiniTsi clocks^ and NOT and witeliet, chaifei, buttoni, ftoot and earthen ware, wire, oil, cliu-'olate, belli, anchors, and ill kinds of f >r^e \«ork. * N((KW(iu|i, a village in Surry, fitu- Ited cjn a tine hill, in thi piridies of Croy. don, Strcaihaiii, Luulieih, and Camlnr- wtll. It IS a wildiv rural fpot, and was, loiiie vears n^o, » princip'll hoint of the jfiplf^. It it five inile^ S. of London. NoTtlH'«iir);h was built. It u t; milts E. of i'cteiibur^h, Lon. 31.9, E, lat. ^i). (A. N. No in, an ancient, larjjc, and haniU fomc toAn of Sii-dv, capital of the Val- Ji-Noto. It «as entirely ruined by an earrhqutke in 16 iii hut the inhahitanu built aSiother town at Ionic dillance from it, whicli thev called Noto Nuova. It i» ti milis S. VV. of Syraeiifc. Lon. 15. 19. K. I It. ?&. ?o. S. Ndt iiNOM AM, the coiinty-town of Nnttin^'hainlhirc, with two markets, on V\'edneUlav and SaturiJ.ay. It is delight, fully fitu.ited on a rocky eminence, above the meadows borJciin; the Ticnt, crowned with itt iiilv caiHe. It is a laigc, popu- lous, and handlome to\.n, diltinimiihed by its fpacioii, market-place, and notud as one •ifuie principal Rats of the iVickin^ manti. fai'ture ; particularly of the finer kind'., as ihofp (if (Ilk and cotton, ft hus alio a ina- niif.ii'torv of conrfe earthen ware. It has tliiet parilh churches, and meetings for the Hill'eiiters of ditferent denoininations. It is remarkahlc for its vaults or cellars, cut into the rock. Mod of rhe houies in the market-place, and principil l\rccts, have their fronts fupported by lofiv (tone column^, which make a very hanolome ap- pearance, and at the fame tiinc atfird Ihelter in bad weatlier. The (Ue«ts arc Well paved, and, from their firuation on a rock, h1 vayi clean. Heavy goods arc broutjht hiti'.er from London by (ea, and thence up the river Trent ; and many coalpits, within three or four miles oi the town, afford plenty of fuel, at littic tx- pencc. At this town Charles I. let up ids thndard, 1'. the coin'oencemeiit of the civil w-ir, which terminated in the del\rurtion «)f himlelf and of the C)nllituti(5n. Not- tinj;hatTi is governed by a mayor, recorder, fix aldermen, two ihcriflfs, 18 common council -men, two chamberlains, and two coroners; and is 16 miles E. of Derby, and 113 N. by VV. of LouJoD. Lon. 1. J. W. lat. 53.0. N. N o y NoTriKfJHAMMMIlF, a ClUBff *f F.iiglaii I, bounded on thr N. by Y rklliirt and Lincolnshire, on the Iv. by the litter County, oil ilie S. by LeitrlUr.liire, and oa the \S'. by Dkibylhire. lu gtcaiell length IS 4V iiiiIih; its i^rcarell lireadth aliovc to. It Iks ill the diocef'c of York ; Is divided into rik^ht hundreds; and contains nine nrifkei towns, and 16S pailllits; and fiiitia eiulit memiiors t ; pai lument. Rting hap. plly liiuati'd bclvMen the moiintajnoua cuuniiy iif Di.ii'ylhiie on the one hand, and the llac ot Liiuoliilliirc I'n the other, it itij> ys I'uch a temperature ol loll and climaH, as to render it one of the mo(\ fer- tile and a^ireeable counties in En>'land. The principal rivcti are ihe Trent and IdlL. Aliiiolk the whole of the middle and wtOern parts of the county were formerly oicupied by the txtenlive fortft of ShirucriJ, which is the only royal fen ft N. of the Trent 1 hut the wood bat in many parts been cleared, and the (xtcnt of the f'lietl much conliaMed. A canal fr'im ChefterSc Id in Derl)ylhire palfei aciofs the northirn part of this county, and joins the Trent juft as that river cealVs to he its boundary. The chief pro- durts(.fthis couniy are pitcoal, of which there is great plenty ; a kind of fton« fi.mewbat like alabaUcr, but not fo hard, whiih, when burnt, makes a piafler harder than that of Paris, with which the inha- bitants generally plainer tlie Hoon. of their upper rtrtiiiis, inliead of boirding them. 'J'tieir other commodities are malt, wixjI, licoiiiK, wood, ridi, and fowl. Their manulaftures ehiiHy e. nlilk of frame- work knitting, i^lals, and earthen-ware. The principal town is Nottitigham. NovALiK, a fmall, ricii, and popu« lous town of Italy, lietwcen Padua and Trcvifo, 10 milts N. E. of the toriiitr, an, and fr^' 1.0 V N O Y an«l is it 'miles N. W, of Genon. Lon. tained st leaft 400,000 fouU. Tt xns flrft 8. 29. E. lat. 44. 4;. N. defolatcd, in a manner, by the cruelties ex- Novi Bazar, a confidersble town of erciled here by Iran Va(?i1ivifch II. but Turkey in Europe, in Servia. On the its fplenctour was not totally edipfed until aift of September, 1788, the Aullriaii Peter the Great built Peterfturgh, to marfljal Laudohn attempted to take this whicii favourite capital he transferred all place by alTault, but \\3' repulfed. He fucceeded, however, on the third of O6V0- ber following. Novi is fcated near the liver Orefco, 7* miles W. of NilTa, and 103 S. of Belgrade. Lon. zi. 1. £. lat. 43- 3S-N. NoviURAD, a rinall but ftrong town the commerce of the Balti ; that had before Centered here. It now contains fcarce 7000 fouU ; but a v»!l number of churches and convents (land melancholy motiuments of its former magnificence. The town ftretches on both fides of the Volkoff, a beautiful river of confiderable depth and of Upper Hungary, capital of a counry of rapidity, which feparates it into two divi- the fume name, w ith a good caftle ; fcated on a mountain near the Danube, s^ miles N. of Buda. Lon. liS. 20. £. lat. 47. 56. N. NoviGRAP, a fmall but (Vrong town ef Dalinatia, with a caftle, fubjeft to the Turks } feated on a lake of the fame name, near the gulf of Venice, 20 miles N. W. of Zara, and 17 E. of Nona. Lon. 16. 35. E. lat. 44. 36. N. NoviGKAD, a very ftrong place of fions ; namely, the Trading Part and the quarter of ^t. Sophia, in which is the ca> tnedral of the fame name, in which feve- ral princes of the ducal family of Ruflla are interred. Novogorod is fituated near tl'ie lake Il.nen, 12; milts S. by E. of Ptterlburgh.- Lon. 31. 45. E. lat. 58. 20. N. * Novogorod, once a powerful inde- pendent republic, finally reduced by Ivan Vaflilivitch II. in I 570, and united to the Servia, fubjeft to the Turks ; (eated rear Ridfian empire, of vvhich it now forms a ~ •. - ~- - ^.jjg capital is of the fame the Danube, 35 miles N. of Niffa. Lon. zi, 32. £. lat. 44. 6. N. • Nou-KiAN, ariver of Afia; littlCj 'f at all, inferior to the Ganges. M. d'An- \ille conceived it to be the fame with that of Pegu.; but fuuceeding accounts have left no doubt remaining, that the Nou- Kian is the river Ava. See Ava. Novor.uuoD, one of the moft ancient cities of Rullia, in the government of the fame name. It was formerly called Great Its capital, of the fame name, is feated oa 14()vogorod, to diftinguifli it from other the river Delna. government, name. NovoQi "lODECK, a town of Lithua- 1.;- c^jjital of a palatinate of the fame name. It is large, and feated in a vaft plain, 70 miles S. of Wilna. Lon. »6. 8. E. lat. 53. 35. N. * Novogorod Severskoi, a go- vernment of the Ruffian empire, comprif- ing part of the Ukraine, or Little Rulfia. RulUan towns of the fame appellation. I'f was, for a long time, governed by its own dukes ; and was, in faft, a republic, Hnder the jurifdidion of a nominal fove- reign. It was the great mart of trade be- tween Rutfia and the Hanfeatic cities, and nade the moll rapid advances in opulence NoYA, an ancient town of Spain, in Galicia, feated on the river Tamara, 15 miles W. of Compoftella. NoYERS, a town of France, in the de- partment of Yonne and late province of Burgundy, feated on the river Serin, in a valley furroanded by mountains, where snd population. Its territory extended to there are a great many vineyards, 17 miles the N. as far as the frontiers of Livonia and Finland; comprifing great part of the province of Archangel, and a large dittrift Deyond the N. W. limits of Siberia. It? power was fo great, and it* fituation fo impregnable, as to give rife to a proverb, " Who can refill the gods and Great No- voporod ?" But, in the 15th century, thts independent republic was obliged to fub- mit 10 the arms of Ivan Valfilivitch I. S. E. of Auxerre. Lon. 4. 2. E. lat. 47. 39. N. No YON, an ancient and handfome town of France, in the department of Oife and late province of the Iftt of France. " It was fufficiently furniftied with convents," fays % French geographer, •' before the re- form. of the 14th of February 1790. This town," he adds, " gave bii'h to the loo fa- muus Calvin ; and the followers of this grand duke of Rulfia. An enormous bell, berefiareh came to fcrape the walls of the (ienominared by the inhabitants eternal, houfe in which lie lived, in order to carry and revered by them as the palladium of off fome relics of it." Noyon vv-as lately then liberty, wm removed by their con- an epifcopal fee. It is feated near the queror from Novogorod to Molcow. It river Oife, 22 jtiiles N, W. of Soiflbns, continued, neverrhclefs, the hrgeft and and 60 N. by E. of Paris. Lon« 3. 6. moft coouacrcial city in Rul&a, aod con- £. lat. 49. 35. N. NoaERoy> N O Y y 400,000 fmili. It was flrft a manner, by the crueltiei ex- by Ivan Vaffilivitch II. but r was not totally edipfed until Great built Peteriburgh, to irite capital he transferred all e of the Batti ; that had before ere. It now contains fcarce but a vpft numfier of churches ftand melancholy motiuments ler magnificence. Th« town . both fides of the Volkoff, a iver of confiderable depth and hich feparates it into two divi- lely, the Trading Part and the at. S'lphia, in which is the ca- the fame name, in which feve- I of the ducal family of Ruflia d. Novogorod is fituated near Il.nen, 115 milts S. by E. of h,. Lon. 3i. 45- E- '"• 5**' oGORon, once a powerful indc- epublic, finally reduced by Ivan h II. in I 570, and united to the nipire, of d the followers of this rcb came to fcrape the walls of the n which Ke lived, in order to carry le relics of it." Noyon was lately ifcopal fee. It is feated near the Oife, ti miles N, W. of Soiffons, J H. by E. of Paris. Lon, 3. (>■ 49. ]j. a. N U M NozEROY, a town of France, in the Jcpartnieni of Jura and late province of Fianchc-Comtc, with a caflle. It is feat- td on a mountain, 20 miles S. E. of Sa- lines, and 30 S. "f Ct-riin^on. Lon. 6. I J. E. lat. 46. 47- N. Nubia, a kingdjiu of Africa, bounded on the N. by Egyi)t, on ihc E. by the Red Sea, on the S.by Al)> llinia, and on the \V. Iv Burnou. The Nile runs througli it ; on the banks of which, and c !■" Mie other ri- vers, it is fruitful, hut i.i oiliLr places barren, fandy, and deftitute of water. Money is of no uic to trade in thi, coun- try, it being all tarried on by way of cx- ciiange. Their bread and drink is made of a fmall round li-td c.illed doca, or ftfl", which is very ill ufted. Thcii h.mfts h;ivc mud w^llls, are very low, and co- vercd wilt reeds. The drtfs of the better lort is a vefl without flcevcs, and they have no coverings for their heads, legs, ar.d feet. The common people wrap a piece of linen cioUi about them, and the children go quite naked. They are a ftupid de- b,uiched pe -pie ; but pnifel's to be Maho- ir.ctanb. '.'he produtUoiis of this country arc gold, ikphants' teeih, civet, aiul i'an- (i,il wood ; and they lend a great many (lives into Egypt. The principr.l towns known to the Europeaiis are Dangola ajid Sen'nar. NUKSTRA Segsora DE i\ Paz, an cpiicopal town of S.America, in Peru, fear- ed at the foot of a mountain, in a va'ley abujuiding with vines and fruits, whicfi begin to be rijie in January. Lon. 64. o. W . lat. 17. 10. i>. NUESIRA SkGNORA DE I.A VlTTO- RiA, a town of N. Anitnca, in Mexico, on the coaft of the bay of Campeachy, and in the province of Tdbalco. Lon. 92. 5;. W. lat. 18.0. N. NutVA Slgo\ia, a town of the ifle or Luzon, one pf the Philippines, with a bi:liop's fee. I'he i'ortugucl'e alcaydc- m^jor of the provinte, rehdts in this place. It is feated near the mouth of the river (..tgayan. Lon. no. 59. E. !at. 18.39. N- Null/, a tc-.vn of I'"-.ance, in the de- partment of Cote d"Or and late province vi Burgundy, famous for itn excellent wines ; Itattd at th« foot of a ii:ountain. It miles S. \V. of Dijon, and 1 50 S. E. ot Paris. Lon. n. o. E. lat. 47. 10. N. NIj'MANTIa, anciently a cmfiderable t ..\n of Spain, in Old Cafl'Ie, then called Ciltiberia. The inl\abiiiui>b were tv R. if Coventry, and 99 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 1 , 25. VV. lat. 52. 36. N. '" NuN'EHAM, a village, five miles E. by S. of Oxford ; remarkable for its Spin- ning Fealf, an annual feflival, laudably in* Itituted by lord and lady Harcourt, for the encoiuvgement of virtue and induftry. NiNWiCH, a village in Northumber- land, near the Confluence of the Symond- bourn with itie Tyne, near which, a few years ago, were dil'covered live natural rtone pillars, pliied in a circular order, near eight feel high, and twenty in girth, luppoltd to have, been Daiufli monuments, or Druidical remains. N f R K M n f RG, or N u R E N BUR G, one of the handlomcli, ftriingelt, and mod ffuu- rilhing plices in GLrmany, capital of the ciitle of Fraiiconia, ai.d a free imperial city. It is feated in a fa? dy, barren (oil ; and yet the inhabitants ..re lo induf^rimis, that they have brought this republic into a very flourifhing Hate. It is about fix miles in circumference, furrounded by high walls, flanked with 36:; towtrs. as alio with a deep ditch. The river Pegnitz, over wiiith arc 12 ftone bridges, run» through the middle, and divides it into two parts. Among the public buiKlings, the churches of St. Sebald and St. Law- rence delerve the grcaiclf attention. The arlenal U one of the heft in Germany, and the townhoufe is greatly admired. The townluifu are divided into eight: quarters, each of which has a captain. The government is ariftocratical. The great council is compoled of 200 per- ions, and the Cupreme council of 3.). pa- tricians, and of eight of the moft repjta- i)le trade ini'^n. 'I'he burgeffes have two excellent qualities ; they are very induf- tnous, and the beft workmen in arts. Their maps and prints are in high elteem, as well as vheir luullcal and matliematic'l inlfrumenls; nor are thev lefs curious in cb/ck-work, and in the lever.il manufac- tures of iron, (feci, ivory, wiiod, and ala- bafltr. The beft toys -are made here, vtbicli are commonly known in England by the name of Dutch toys ; and they have alfo a famousjtcadcmy for puniiu^-. 1 i 1 I »i , N Y M The anatomical theMte, and the nuo c \,. I rarv. uvc alio wo.ih not'.cc. V^ith re- lard o ihc clc«nncfs of the.r ftrccts and tUe Dutch; and though they forme, ly £t to the,; old habit., they t,ow follow the^ moft fanuonablc modes. Thoug their religion is the Lutheran, the church c the Holv Ghoft has a variety of re- 'xs, asalfo'ihe imperial crown, the im- nerial ftcpue, the globe of the emp.-c, Fl word of St. Maurice, the .mperml inantle, the white robe of the empe,o,s, Sd the cblma,ic. the gohhn furpl c the mantle of the choir, and the glo cs, fliuners, and hereditary crown of he tm- peror Rodolph II. All thefe rarmes me ?ope in the don.e, and they are never tZendown but at the coronation of le «mperor,orwhena,,yperfononughdd^ *.nftion\van,s to he t[,em. The a'-'; rnt and fupcrb caftk- or palace. -Ahich the ■Inhab,tantaou,htof,hcbur,rav..,.slU Handing at the extremity of he c,ty. Here Ire four Latin fchools, bcfuie a famous col- We or univerfity. No Jews a,e iuffe ed to lodge a fin^ile night here ; nor can they cn.cr the city at all without pay.ng a cc>. rpin tax. Nurembmg, m pmceis of time, l'robtaiuedacon(ide,-,a,lettrr.tory,wh,ch - .'out 10 'nile:> in diamef.r, and lOO in circumference, and in which arc two large llrefts. The manuvaaures of this town are conveyed all over Eurr^ie by m.:..ns ?; two large fairs. Tht= ^v ufe. are b 't fcf frecftone, and arc four or five ftoues Seh. It is Icated almoft in the centre of Smany. 5-,milcsN.W. ofRatifcon^ ft, N. of Augfliurg, and z~o \\ . bv 34. of Vienna. Lom »'• >*• ^' ^'*^' "^^ ^'nJvs. a town of Germany, itj the cir- cle of the L..wer Rhine and ^^f"^\f Cologne, fei^ted on the river Erffr, five UesS. W. of Dtiffeldorf, and .0 N. \V. of Cologne. Lon. 6. ■;»• i^- ''^'- 5'' ''rn'MORG, a fmall well-built town of Denmark, in the ifie ot Tunrn, leated OT a commodious bay. Here ^'-'c the e mains of an old palace, in which Chnftian li. was born, a.^ to the ro-.t of which, as his biographer relates, he v.as conveyed vlhile aninftmt.by a tame monkey, .nd brought down unhurt. Nyborg ts o „iiles- E. of Oduuee. Lon. ic 4°- ^- '■^t- ^■'nyuand, a province of Sweden, in Finland, Vivig on liie gulf of Finland, *to the W. of Carclia. mii, feateJ on the rner Elbe. The tax- " ' O B E " ^' ons took it by affanlt in 1634. Lon. i;. 14 E. lat. 50. to. N. ._ NvON, a cnnfulerable town of Swil.cr- land, in the Pays de Vaud, "P"^' ^i^ * baihwick of the fame name, wuh a ciitie. There are a great many Roman •.racnp- tions here, and it is a trading P'''=«'' >•■;;';" in a good country, near .ite laK.c of, Gene- va, .0 miles from that city. Lon. 6. u. "^Nyons," a town of France, in the depaument of Drome and Uue province of Duuphinv, feated at the foot of a ch in of mountains, on the river Aigucs.w'-.t a fine bridge of one arch. prod.Rto <^'V high, the work of the Romans. Hce u a mi-,cr,l fp.mg, named P''"''-'-^', «"'^ '^ manufaaorics of foap and "'ooUcn ftuH^- It is eiijht miles N. W. of Buis. Lon. j, '^>?^:s^o.i^';i^^row„ofRulfia,in the government of Riga, or ^f'von^. wuh a CHftle; uated on the 'P'" ^^^T^^''- ?^-j'-r;:?:':^^^^b5^.L:- •°,^VsxA:;:;^a-Sall town of Sweden. in Finland. It is notca for a peace con- chKlcd here, in ,7-. hetw.en the empe- ror of RuiTia and the king ^ 57^^"'. ^^ ^ is feated on a b-.iy of the gulf of Bothr, ., ^S miles N. W. ot Abo. Lon. it. 1. L. ht. f^i.io. N. o. O^KH^MPTON, n borough of pJ- 'voniliire, with a market on SaturcU'-. It is feated on the river Oke, 14 milc5 W . ofExetcr. ^^nd.os W.byS ofLondon. Lon. 4, c.W.iat. 50.4^- ^• > O VKsCatEK. SeeCANIADERAGO. ^ OiiAS, A Village Of Argylefime m Scotland, feated on thefeacoatt, to the b, of Loch Etive. Here is an excellent hil.. !„.. tlation, with a cuftomhoule. _ Ou.»iNE. avilhgeof France, m tlis department of Covre/.e and Inte province „f\.imofi«. ^^^^Y'^r l^': and is five miles S. of 1 uUes. Lon. .. ii K Ur. 4<;. «8. N. . , ' OHr-ACH,- a town of Germany, m the circle of AuRria a^d duchy of Stir a , icated at the confluence of the nve^ Ach/a and Traun, three niiles nelow t U lake Chienv.ce, and 3 5 W. of Grat.. Lon. 14. 43- ^- ^^'^- '>"•• ^" • 1 r^nie of Obkrkikch, a town and caltle or France, in the '^HP^'^^'^,'"!.?;, ,L,'t Rhine and late provi.KC of A -face, about three miles from Straiht.rg, to whole Lite archbUhop it belonged. Lon. 7- S"- ^- '''" 4S. 35. N. oaiRN- O B E "^ "™ by affault in 1634. Lon. i?. 50. to. N. a cniifulcrable town of Swil.cr- Uc Pays de Vaud, capital of a of the fame name, wuh :i caftlc. : a great many Roman •.nlcnp- , and It U a trading place, k-.ti'^l country, near .ae lake ofC-rene- ilts from that city. Lon. 6. 12. . ii.N. . , DNS, a town of France, in tne nt of Drome and Uite vrovinte hinv, fcatedatthefootofachaiti ains, on the river Aigues, xvuh -u'lirc of one arch, prodiRiouf.v c work (;f the Romans. Here u 1 fiMiim.r.rimed Pontias, and lomr lories of foap and woollen ftulf. In miles N. VV. of Buis. Lon. j. at. 44. !■(>• N. OT, aOrone town of Ru'.lia, m ;rnmcntofRiga, or Livonia, with ,; ,eated on the ^^"^^"^^ large marlhes, 10 miles b. W . a and /So N. of Wibnrgh. Lon. z^. lat. 61.56.N. ,„ , TVUi, a fmall town of Sweden^ And. It is noted for a peace con- hcrc,;^ mu hetw.cn the empe- ^uiruiandthckingofSwccU.-n,an(l d on a bav of the i^^lf of Bothr.n, cs N. W.'of Abo. Lon. 11. 1. i^' , 10. N. o c z O E s 1 o. lKH'^MPTON, n borough of Pj- /oniiurc, with a market on Satur';. ;ated ou the river Oke, 24 miles U . ,ter. and ,95 W. by S.^f London. 4. c.W.iat. 50. 4^- f^- UKsCatEK. SecCANIADERAGO. 3iiAS, a village of Argyleftire m md, fcatedonthe feacoatt, to the b., K:h Etive. Here is an excellent hlh- ation, with a cuftomhoiife. "l.iNE. avilh^eof France, m ths rtmcntof Covre/.e and late province imof.n. It had lately a rich abbe . is hvc miles S. of TuUes. Lou. .. -L.Ur. 41;. 18. N. . , ,u,ach; atownof Germany, in the c of Auaria a^d duchy of btiru , ■d at the confluence of the river. ;« and Traun, three niUcs t.eU^w t he Chienv.ce, and 3 5 W. of Grat.. I. 14. 4?. 1^" lat. 47. 3-^' , „, r IbAkikch, a town and caftle of ncc in the department ot L.ov.<.. ne and late proviLc of Alface, abcmt ;e miles from Straiburg, to whole 1. e iibtfliop it belonged. Lon. ?• S"' ^•''''■ 35- N. OalRK-; Obekndorf, a town of Gcrmnnv, in the circia of Suabia, and in the Black Foreft. It ib l'uhje« to the houle of Aui- tria ■ is divided into the Upper and Lower Town ; and is ftatcd on the river Neckar. Lon. 8.45- K. lat- 43. i 5;. N- OBERNi'titc, a handiome town ot Germany, in Bavaria, with a caftle ; feat- ed on the river Inn, 15 "'lies b. ot 1 al- lau. to wliote bilhop it belongs. Lon, 13. 36. K. lat. 4i<. 15. N. OiiF-K'/rKiN, a town ot Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, capital of a county of the fame name, 30 miles Jb. ot Triers. Lon. 7. if'- E- '»'• 49- 4^- '^^ . Oberweski., a town of Germany, in the circle of ttie Lower Rhine, forme^rly imperial, but now lubjcft to the elcfetor of Trieis. It is feated on the Rhine, 40 miles E. N. K. of Triers. Lun. 7- 4*^- E- lat. 50. I. N. r n r • OiioM.Aii, a ftrong town of Perlia, in Ii-ac-Agemi, (eated on a branch of the Tigris, near Buffarah. Lon. 45. 15. E. lat. 30. 15. N. . . O'by, a river of the Ruffian empire, m Afia, which riles in the defcrt of Ifchimf- ka, and running N. joins the Irty(h, near Tobolfk, and falls i;Uo a bay of the Fro- zcn Ocean, called Obf-iaya, in about Oi'' N-lat- ... -XT OcAS-o, a town of Spain, in Mew' Caftile, ieated on a plain, 18 miles E. of Toledo. Lon. i. <;o. W.bt. 39. 51. N. * Ormi.s, the name of iome verdant and gently. Iwelling lulls of Perthlkirc in Scotland, lying S. of Strathcarn. Per- haps, they (hould be called Oak Hills, as, m former times, they were covered with oak. OcHSENEURT, 5. .. of Germany, 111 the circle of Franconia and billiopric of Wurtzburg; feated on the river Maine, 10 miles S. E. of Wurtzburg. Lon. 10. 10. E. OccA, a large river of Ruflia, which falls into the river Volga, near Niflinei Novogorod. OcKER, a river of Germany, which rifing in the S. part of the duchy of Bruni- wick, runs N. by the towns of Goflar, Wolfenbuttle, and Brunlwick, and falls into the AUer to the E. of Zell. OczAKOw, or OczAKOFF, a town and fortrefs, lately of Turkey in Europe, but now included in New RuHia, or the government of Catharinenflaf. It has been frequently an objedt of important contcft between the Turks and the Rul- fians, many thoufands of whom, on both fides, have fallen in the different ficges it kas undergone. It was taken by ftorm by the RufTians, on the 17th of December 17S9, and was finally confirmed to Rulha, by the ruhlciiuent treaty nf peace. It is feated at the mouth of the river Dnieper, oppofite Kiiiluirn, 109 niiUs E. by S. ot Bender, 50 VV. of Chcrfon. and 190 N. by E, of Conltantinople. Lon. 30. 50. E. lat. 46. t;o. N. Odensek, an ancient town of Den- mark, capital <.f the ide of Funen, with a bifliop's lee ; Ieated on a (mall river, which is not n.ivigablc, about two miles from the bay of Stegcllr?nd, and 75 miles W. of Copenhagen. Lon. 10. 17. E. lat. 55.30- N. Oder, a river of Germany, which lias its fourcc near a town of the fame name, in Silefia. It runs N. through that pro- vince, and then into the Marchc of Bran- dcnburg and Pomcrania, where it forms a large lake, afterward falUng into the Bal- tic Sea by three mouths ; lietween which lie the iP.ands of Ufcdom and Wollin. It paffes by feveral towns ; a.. Ratibor, Op- pelcn, Bieflaw, Glogaw, and Crolfen, in Silefia J Francfort, Lebus, and Cultrin.m Brandenburg ; and Gartz, Stenn, Cam- ndn, Wollin, Ul'edom, and Wolgaft, la Pomcrania. Odkr, a town of Silefia, featcd at the fource of the river Oder, 16 miles S. W. of TroppavT. Lon. 17. 30. E. lat. 50. OiJFRBVUG, a town of Silefia, featcd near the conlluence of the rivers Oder and '^Ifa. 10 miles above Ratibor. Lon. iS. 10. '.lat. 50. Z.N. Odernheim, a town of Germany, i» the palatinate of the Rhine, featcd on the river Seltz, zo miles S. of Mentz. Lon. 8. 10. E. lat.4<)' 3'-'N- „, ., O nfii AM, a town of Hampflure, with a market on Saturday. It is a corporation, and is the place vhere David king ot Scotland was kept prifoncr- It is 24 miles N E. of Winchefter, and 41 W.by S. of London. Lon. o. 56. W. lat. 51. 18. N. , . , OEi-AND.an idandof Sweden, in the Baltic Sea, in Finland, about 62 miles in lenKth, and \o in breadth. The air is good, and the foil fertile. Borckholm is the capital. . , Oeli e IDT, a town of Germany, in tne circle of Lower Saxony and duchv of Magdeburg; Ieated on the river AUer, 25 miles E. of Brunlwick. Lon. it. zo. E. lat. 5Z.27-N. , „,. , Oesel, an ifland of the Baltic, on the coaft of Livonia, and at the entrance of the gulf of Riga, three miles S.'of the ido of Daso or Da^ho. It is about 74 miles m •• T : * lenpvh. lii length r O H E bv^uo tnr.s. 'r fornuny belonged to S:;VU>'ueU,,per..d Lower t^wn^. W. „f nurcklwufcn. Lon. i :. 44. t" I'^'- '^'o'vi'Nn. or Or.i.NGEN-, n town of G^.a';,i;thc circle of Suab,ac.p^^^^ of a ccimtv of the lame n.-.,n« ; U« I''" th river VVirnii/.. u miles above D-ia- ^Vutin^rg. lti'-,.W4om>U:.l>om OFF^'s UiKK, an cnircKbmen tcaft „n by Oft-a. a Saxot, km^, t" defend 7n.lL "s-airift the incurf-ons u tbc Shroplb.rc, Montfeouvjy ll.il c, Dcnb.^h- ll,irc, and FUntlbire. ? 1 Raf.lica.a ami Terra-d.-B.n ; ud [r>n.othe,ulfofye„>ec, nc.rHa- letta. Tiiis nver » the ancient Auli- dus. OrFFNP\rH, a town of Germ.iny, m e>!fFvancoma,reate^r fo DopuUms nor fertile as tie £ds totl^.V.h-rdofit; vet Jts rilands to (Miicrior Kind. The manufaaurts jrt r • i _^^^| '^"\*^ " tm'^ t a ' poutd', aiul the clubs are betur eta. p ,^^ ,^,„,,.,. O H I Ohio, a river of North America, one of the moft be.iutifu! rivers in ihe world. It has ii> fomxe m the Allegany mountains, and is called the AiL-ganv, till it- jun.Mrr.i with the Monnn^Hhela at For: P. t, when It tirft receives tht nauc of Ohio. It hounds the llaie of K.entucky in its whole Icntjih ; is a mile and Cirstimts lefs in bre itth.and in its courfe receives number* of large and liiiall rive-3. The only dilad- vantage this river has, is a rapid, on* mile and a half long, and a iniie' and a quarter broaj, called the Falls of Ohio, m lit. iS. i. N. In this place the nver runs over a rockv bottom, and the defcent ib Co j;radual, that the fall does not pro- bably in tlie whole exceed twenty tect. When the ftream is low, empty boats only can pafs and tcpafs this rapid ; their lading m\i!\ be tranlported bv land ; but, when hi-h, boats cf any burden may pafs in fai'Ltv. F.J(cepiing this place, there is not a liner river in the world for navigation bv boats. It falls into the Milhirippi, m about 36-' N. lat. At a fait fpnng ncNir this river, very large bones are found, tar furiioHlng ihe li/.e of any fpecies of ani- m.ls now in America. The head ap- pears to have been about three feet long, the libs I'even, and the thigh-bones about four ; one of which is dcpofited in the li- hrarv in rhiladelpl.ia, and laid to wcij;,li fe\enty-u;ht pounds. The tufks arc above a foot in length, the grinders about five inches f'luare, and eii'hl inches long. Th'fe bones hive equally exe -ed the ama/cment of the ignorant and the atten- tion of the philolophers. Specimens of them have been fent to France and Eng- land, wiiere they have been founc^, upon ctnr.pan'.on, to be remains of the fame Ipe- ties of animals tnat produced the tolid bones which h.ave been ihfcovered m Tar- t^ry, Ch.ili, and feveral other places, both of the old and new continent. What ani- mal this is, and by what means itsruins are founil in regions lb widely diftereit, and where mne fuch exilh at piefent, is a uueOion of ilifiicult deciiion. The luper- (iitious Tartars attribute them to a cni- ture which ihey call Maimon, and which /- 11 r. 1,.. .... .1... iy/.t.f-tTi, f^T they fay uiu-'ly rcfuics at the i-oitom ot the' rivers; but as this is an alleuion to- tally diverted of proof, and _eve« ot pro- bab'iliiy, 11 has julHy been rejctted by the learned ; and on the other luuid, it is cer- tain, thi-t no fuch amphibious quadrupio cxifis in ihe American waters. The bones bear a great lefemblance to thole of the elephant. There is no other terreftru.! animal ni>w known, Urge enough to pro- duce them. The tulks with which tney are etiuaily furniiikcd, equally produce '•#*n» p, 'V ; O H I O I S Iver of N'lrth America, one :,iutifu! rivers in ihc world. :c 11) the Allegany nuiuntdimi, he All..ga'ivrtill it- juniMiotl i.m^Hhcb at Fiir; P, t, when es ti\t uAv.c ot Ohio. It ue of K.tntucky in its whuie mile anJ Ciriiimes lefs in 11 its courft receives number* iiuall ris t-3. The only (hl'acU river has, is a r.ipiti, (.r.« i,ilf long, and a mile and a J, called the Fal)b of Ohio, . N. In this place the river ■ocky bottom, and the dtfcent 1, that the fall does not pfo- u whole exceed twenty feet, ream is low, empty boats only icpafs this rapid ; their lading nlported bv land ; but, wheii of any burden may pafs in cepting this place, there is not - in the world for navigation It fills into the Miihifippi, m S'. lat. At a lalt rpring near •crv large bones are found, far he fiz-e'^if anv fpecies of ani- ;n America. 'The head ap- ive been about three feet long, •en, and the thigh-bones about of which is dcpofited in the li- 'hil;idelphia, and faid to \vcit:.U he pounds. The tufks arc "it in length, the grinders about T'liiare, and tii'hi inches long, nes hive tqu'^lly exe -ed the t of the ignorant and tlie atten- iic philofophers. Specimens of : been lent to France and Eng- re tliey have been founc^, upon n, to be remains of the fame I'pe- ninials tuat produced the folUl ich Ir.ive been dd'covered in Tar- ,1, and fevtral other places, both 1 and new continent. What ani- s, ar,d by what means its rums , in reu,ions fo widely ditfereit, :e none fuch e.xilh at prefent, is a of aifikuk deciiion. The (uper- rartais attribute them to a cni- ch ihey call Maimon, and which ui"u:^lly rcfuies at the i-ottom of s ; but as this is an alleition to- ulkd of protjf, and evc« ol pro- it has julHy been rtjttted by the and on tiie other iuuid, it is crr- ',t no luch RmphibK.us quadrupi'i tlie American waters. The bones .'teat lefemblance to thole of the t. Tliere is no other terreiUkd HOW known, large en(uii-h to pro- em. The 'M\i witii which thty lally furniiiitd, t^u-Aiy produce ■' It us true ivory. Thcfe external r«remh!ances have I'en'crallv made !"uperhcial ohitrvcrs conclude, tha't tlicy could belong to no other than that prince of tia;u!vui>eds ; and when thcv liril drew the attention ot the woild, phi'lol' phers fecm to b.iw: (ub- fcribed to tlie lame opinion. Br- ii lo, whence is it thai the whole fpeces has difappeared from America? An aniimd lb labor HIS and l-d cile. that the indul- trvof the Peruvians, whieli reduced to fervitude, and l\u>je•, i:.-\:;, the county-town of Rut- lind.'hire, with a market on S.iturday. It is let til in a rieh valley, called ilie Vale o'' Catiuus, is prcity will bud;, and has a I'.ooil church, a frcefchool, and aiilrfpuril. it is li miLs S. by E. of Nottinglum, and 9S N. by W. of Lur provinces of the govcriimLiit of Irkutzk, in Ruflin. Its capita , of the fame na,ue, is Itatid at the mouth of the Okota, in a biy uf the Eaftern Ocean, Oi DK.s la'.a;, a coun'y of Gerniaiir, in V'.'eftpiialia, bounded on tije W. by the county ( f Kmbden , on the S. by the bi- fliopric of Mcinlkr; on the I', by the county of Deimcnhonl and tl-.e du.liy of Bniiiin ; a:id Hurg. Lon. 10. 18. E. lat. si .2. ^. OIfrov, an iflc of France, lying on the coalis of Aun'r. and S;untonge, five iTiiks from the continent. It ii 11 miles io length, five in breadth, and 30 in cir- cnmfereiice ; is populous and fertile ; and is defended by a caftle. In the reisjn of it again ; bur was obliged to raife tlie fiege. It is feated nn th<: river Mcrava, So miles N. by E. of Vienna, and o7 S. of Brefldw. Lon. 17. 35. E. lat. 49. i6.N. Olsev, a town of Bucks, with a inar- ket on Monday, and a confiderable ma- nufafture of bonclace. It is feattd on Richard I. this inand was pirt of the^ pof- tlie river Oufc, iz miles S. E. of North- ftirions of -the crown of England; and here that monarch compiled the code of maritime laws, which are called the Laws of Oleron, and are received by all nations in Europe, as the ground and i'ubftruftion of all their marine cnnflitutions. Lon. i. 20. W. lat. 46. 3. N. OLERON.aconfKlerable town of France, in the department of Lower Pyrenees and la'-e province of Beam, with a bilhop's ' ; feated on' he rivtr Gave, 10 miles W. of Tau. Lon. 0. 14- W. lat. 43. ^>LECKO, a town of Poland, in the pa- lao.nate of Volhinia, s<5 miles S. W. of Lucko, or Lufuc. Lon. 15. 10. E. lat. 50. 13. N. Oi.iKA, a ftrong town of Poland, m Volhinia, with a citadel. Lon. j6. 8. E. lat. 5'. >5- N. ampton, and <;6 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 54. W, lat. 52. 5. N. Olos'e, an ifland, town, caftle, and harbour, of France, in the department of Vendee and late province of Piiiou, 30 miles N. W . of RochcUe, and ijS S. W. of P^ris. 30. N. Lon. 1. 43. W. lat. 46. Oi.oNFTZ, a town of Ruflia, famous for its mines of iron, and its mineral wa- ter. It is fituated in the government of the fame name, on the river Olonza, which falls into the E. fide of the lake Ladoga. Lon. 34. 2 0. E. lat. 61. 26. N. •' OLONtTZ, a government nf RuUla, included formerly in the government of Novogorod. In this government are fomc. confidcrabic iron works. Oi.sK, or Of.i.se, a handfome, ftrnng, and confidcrabic town of SileHa, with a Olinda a town of S. America, in caftle, where the duke generally refides. Brafil feate'd on the coaft, with a very It is 17 miles N. E. of Breflaw. Lon. 17. cood harbcair. It was taken by the Dutch 26. E. lat. ; i. 19. N. _ in 1650 but the Portuguefe retook it. OLs^•IT^, a town of Germany, m the Lon ^^'o W.lat. 8. i3.'S. circle of Upper Saxony and territory of o'l IT A a handfome town of Spain, in Voigtland feated on the nver Elder, 60 Navarre where their kings formerly re. miles S. W. of Drefdcn. Lon. iz. 27. fided. it ib feated in a pleafant, fertile country, on the road from PampeKina to SaragolTa, 20 miles N. of Tudcla. Lon. I. 46. VV. lat. 4i- i-- N. OiTVA, a large and celebrated monal- tcry of Poland, in Wcftern PruffiJl three miles W. of Dantr.ck. It contains leva- ral tombs of :he uukes of Pomcrania, and E. lat. 50. 40. N. Oi,TEN, a town of Swidicrland, capii.il of a bailiwick, in the canton of Snlcure. It is dependent on the bifliup of Bafle, and is feated a little to the N. of the river Aar, between Arberg and Araw. Lon. 7. 45. E. lat. 47. 16. N. Olympus, a mountain of Turkey in is rcnravkable for tlu- peace concluded here Aha, in Natolia. It is one of the higheft L 1660 hc'ween the emperor and the and moft confiderable mountains in all '^■aH of S'vcden and Puhnd. Lon. 18. Afia; the top of it always covered with ag. E. lat. s^• ^'>-^ fnow , Ombrone, a river of Italy, in Tuf- cany, which rlfes in the Sienncfe, and falls into the Mediterranean. Ombrone, a town of Italy, in Ttif- cany, and in the Sicnnefe, three mile; S. of Grofletto, between the river Ombrone and the lake Caftigliano. Cm EC N A, a town of Italy, "in the duchy of Milan, and in the Novarcfc, with uiv.".. ■" ->•■•■ .; — acaftle. It is a little to the N. of the ravia witV a" bilhop's fee, and'' a famous lake Orta, and about five miles N. of the univerfity. Tiie puolic ouildhw^.^.e >eiy town of that name. Landfome It is a populous, trading, and Omer, St. a fortified, large, and po- feong place, but was taken by the king of pulous town of France, in the aepartmcnt Olivenza, a ftrong and important town of Portugal, in Alentejo, feated near the river Guiuliana, 13 miles S. of Elvas. and 40 E. of Evora. Lon. 7. 4. W.lat. 38. 3<'- 'N- . Oi.MfcDO, a town of Spain, m Old CaPiie, feated an the river Adaja, 30 miles S. of Vailadolid. Lon. 4. 29. W. lat. 41. '•^- " .^ • -KIT OLMtiTZ, a town of Germany, in Mo- , fto '-■^^:-, -A-m^ ^-£~ \J IVl li T' "" ' ~~ 1741. In 17;?. be bcfifTcd mr was obliged to raife the is feated nn tht: river Mcravs, I. by E. of Vienna, and o7 S. . Lon. 17. 35. E. lat. 49. , a town of Bucks, with a mar- ondayi and a confiderable ma« of bonclace. It is I'eatcd on )ufc, 12 milfs S. E. of North- nd i;6 N. N. W. of London. ^. W, lat. 51. 5.N. , an iAand, town, caftlc, and of France, in the Jcpavtmcnt of lid late province f,f Piiiou, 30 \V. of RochcUe, and ijS S. jris. Lon. 1. 43. W. lat. 46. :tz, a town of Ruflla, famou: ics of iron, and its mineral wa- s fituatcd in the government of name, on the river Olonzn, which ;he E. fide of the lake Ladoga. 10. E. lat. 61. j6. N. NKTZ, a government of RuUla, formerly in the government of id. 1m this government are "ulerablc iron works. or Oki.se, a handfome, ftrnng, dcrabic town of Silefia, with a iicre the duke generally refides, \ilcs N. E. of Breflaw. Lon. 17. . , a name given to the envi- rons of Groningen, in the United Tro- vinces. , , ,, . > OmmiN, a finall town of the United Provinces, in OverviT.I, feated ctpt a round blulf he id on tne S. E. point, it pro.iuees plenty ot yams, and (.'■the fwcct root called tec. Lon. 161. o. \V. lat. II. s;o. N. On to A, a river and lake of RufliH, iiv the government of Olonet?.. It i.s 100 miles in kngih, and 40 in breadth, and has a communication with lake Ladoga, and confcquentlv Nvith Peterlburg. The river has its fource in Kar^^apol, gives its n.me to a country full of wuodk, and tails mto the White Sea. ONKULIA, 3 f.aport of Italy, in tt« territory of Genoa, with th.e title of a principality ; but it belongs to the king of Sardinia, as well as the province, which abounds in olive-trees, fruits, and wine. It has been often takjn and retaken in the wars of Italy, it being an open place. The Frenrh and Sp.mi.iuU hid polktUon ofitm 17^4, ''>^it uere driven thence by the Pied nonttfe. Tliey lieta -w mafters of (it auain the next winter ; but reltored it at the fubrtcpjcnt peace. It is feated on a fmall river. ^,0 miles S. E. of Cogni, and 50 VV. by S. of Genoa. Lou. 7- 5»' "* On I- If A, Lai'.e, al keof N. Ame- rica, in the ftate -f New York. It is 20 miles W. of Fort St.inwix, and extends wcfi ward ab^ul i smiles. Os-CAi, Cuil'HlNf;, a town ot b.Hex, with a market on Saturday. It w 12. miles W. of Chelm^^ord, and .•, 1 E. N.t. of London. Lon. o. 16. R. lat. ji.^l-.rJ; ■»■ Osr.ot.E, a town ol the p,.ninlula of Hiiidoollan, in the Cavnilic, ! eared en a river, not ' \r from its entrance into the i,iv o'' Bi:n"al, and Sk) nutes S. VV. of CaUuna.- Lon. So. =;. E. In^. i<;. 30. N;. - OsuRK, a feaport ot the penmiula of HIn.loonan, on tin- coaft of Malabar, i miles N. E. of Buda. Lon. i !• ii. E. lat. 48. "^oVrvst, almallill.^'id in the E. In- , lying at the moutii of ihe iiarbour of. Batavia. It h rl>c ,-.Uce where the Dutch build and tireen r;,':ir ihips. 0':rj>\\iv, alaU of N. America, h- tuatcd between -i" and 7^- V.r Icn. and 4,^and4^"N-l''t On o. S. Tide it re- ^ teives the .waters otiakc Erie, by means of the river Kiasiara. It i^ aboi.t 600 miles in circumference, and aboonds with tin> of an cxceUtnr favour, ai:>-ng which arc the O "wege. bafs, wcisihinu three or four pounds. 'Near the S. E. part it: receives the river Ofwego ; ant! on tliS N. E. its waters enter the nver Iroquois ; 1 i 4 which '-1^ ^ifJi*''^ O O N O R A are dcticieiu neither in ingemiiiy nor per- I'evtrancc. Lon. 165, o. VV. lanv 5. N. OosTUURc;, a town (f Dutch Han- dcrs, capital of a bailiwick of the fame ,.. . '.A.T„rp>l tikes the na!T\e makers, tailors, and bnat-buildcri. They vhkh river,- ?t Monreal, tzkes n ^^^^f^^^,, ^^j,, ^ntl bafkets of grals, of St. Lawrence. ., town of Hin- which are both ftrong and beautiful. V OunooANi LL , a to n 1 1 ^^^^^^ .^^^^^^^^ ^ ncatncfsand perfeft.on aooflan Pr.pcr '" »; ';'\ ,\ ,,„,, in mcrt of their works, that ft,ow, they VV. bank ot the f;'"'-'^ '' 'i" r i,ii,. ,„ .Icticient neither in ingenuity nor pe,;^. ,„d bold, and atthc f'ot "' •'^'"'" * ""' The ff. nation i. cllecmtd unhealthy, on account of the foalls.n Its V. emit V. It , ,v..„ ,»■ ilie y(Atrnnui)t ot Bengal, >,^.-, ^-^ - -_ xvas the eat ..t the ,k- t i ^^^^^^^ ^^^_ ^_ ^^^ g ,_^ n. under f.duiu '>^'J'''; / 'VwU r A^^^''''?- Oostenby. a town of Swede.,, jn the ;:jr^;r::;.::£i!^-- ''-''"V" ■"-" -f odand, .. .ues s. of Bork. Jhe ;ei,hb.an^K-od, ^^i;!^'^ ^^^^^^^^ '"oroa ro, or PoRro. a rich and hand- build.ng ; and the ^ ^f his m .. i icenc.l fo.ne leaport of Portujjal, .n the province of them M. ^^P^"" ';; \^,7X ; lace of Entrc^D.ucro-e.M.nh.., with a b.lhop's There l\dl f^-'"^'"^ •'^'' ' ,v d.iUovcd fee. It is bv nature ahnoll imprcKnahie. ^ v^hich, in his ..n,c. ;;■-"'•■'■ H 2 3 t is no,cd for its ttron, wines ; and large by fire. T''V'"''"t ', 1 lly c- 1^ a ..ed ; quantities arc exported hence to England •. ■b^ the females, ^^ ''V/ ''[^ 'j/ ^ ' „,ore whence all red wines that ccmc from .ia a tradn.nn pre. ah f ^^ ' ^'^ ,;^;^^ Spain or P.rtugal are called Port wmes. than 300 wnmrn fel a ac - t .^ ^.^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^..^.^^ ,,f moimtain, deAyon th-s occafion ^^2V\\L.\ of near >he r.vc." Douero, which ortns an ex- inn, to favc ^^^"^'^ '-■'^'-^' '" H ' c is an ele- ccllent harbour, a,ul is .47 miles N. by K. , be.n;^ feen bv '''^^'r " .I^ bu 1- bv the of Lifl-on. Lon. 8. . .. W. lat. 4.. '°- N. gant bridi^c <>ver the C, '"K^;-^^; "■ J^, '^\ OiTF.i.t.N, a ftvon- town of S.lef.a, ca- fame prince, about . ,0 r^J^;^^^^^^ ,,,1 of a duchy of the fame name, with a mous for the vu'A.ry f '""',, ^;/Xdams. caflleanda fine holpital. The cK.eftn- Coffim.in .7 64.bv tueUcM..j< AO^.m^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^^^^^^^ hrd conftltory of Oodooanullah IS ^i miks l . ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ -^ ,^^,_ jj ,3 Moorlhedabad. Lon. 8 ,. o5- ^- ''"• ^'♦- -• • - ^ b^NALASHKA, one of the.dandsof the Northern Archipelago, vihted oy cap- tain Cook m his laft voyage. The nat.ve Syllbuant.o.this.nandarc.toa^appca. ,= nres a very peaccarJe people, lianng b "muchpo^ialedbytheRuihans who now keep them in a ftate of f^^i^^^'^- ATthe ffland furnifl>es them wuh fob- fiftence, fo .t dot., .n (on>e mealurc, with S;,hm^. which ts chicHy comr;.f;d .;t Jkins. The upper earmcnt, vhich fratcd on the "ivcr Oder, in a plealant plain, 40 miles N. of Troppaw, and 35 S. E. of Breflaw. Lon. 17- 50. E. lat. 5c. OrrFViiF.iM, a town of Germany, in the palatinaf. of the Rhine, and capital of a bailiwick of the fame name; feated on the declivity of a hill, near the Khme, eiuht miles S. of Ment/., and is H- of Worms. Lon. S. 20. E. lat. 49- 4.V I'^- Ori'iDO, an epifcopal town of the kingdom of Naples, fcattd at the foot of - - •■ „,. f'l/ rea-lus the Appennmes, z<; miles N. E. of Reg made like a ^^^^''''''.^.^^^^^i,^ ,^^" g,o. Lon. .6. ... E. lar. 58. iq. N. down to tiie knet^. Behd. '^'^'J'^y K q^^^u, a town of Turkey in Europe, ^vearawail>ccatortwo apairotbrctchc.. ^^^^.^.^^ near the river Drino, Co miles a fur cap, and Y«''-,^^J'^"';';.„f 'l^,"' s. W. of B.li^rade. Whfth are tormed ot lomc kind ' » " '^' K n,, .^. -. ftronir gut; but the f, Its and ^)p.r leather a, e Ok AN, aftnngand important fcaport of liaibarv, in the kingdom of Tremelen, with fcveral forts, and an excellent har- bour. It is Icated partly on the iide of a bill, and partly in a plain, almoft oppohte ,p ,„ imall hu.s to. t>,..,r ^anha^na^ -n^-;^^J^,^ ^^ aW. ^a They did not a,n.earto -"^.-^^f.^^^.^^^llSL the adjacent Sf'Ruffia leather. Filband other lea an,- lis. birds, root, berries, and cv.,Ua. weed, comp<'k thur food. T.iey dry qv"n, ties of filh durin. the fummei ihich thev lay UP in imall huis for th.ir r^Te in winter! They did not appear to be very dcf.rou. of iron, nor to want any Other inftrument, except fe.Mng needles their own being formed of bone. With thefe tf.v few .htjr canoes, and make he -clothes, and all- work vcy cunous V;^broidery. They u(c,,i:fteKd of thread. f.ji-tifind •, but commanded by the adjacent hills It was taken by the Spaniards in ,';-q, and retaken by the Ali;crines m ,70^ In 17,5:, the Spaniards became mantis of it again, and have kept it ever fiiicc On the Sch of Oa.iber 1790. «his embroidery. . T^ey ufc, irftead c^ tnreac u e. ^.^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ j,^ ,„ the fibres ot r'->-' f''^i^'^^-JXT, Sithquakc, thatnothing but the exterior :^^:^^^^^f^^^-- walls Ure left ftaudtng. Two tlv^tif^^ O R A ' ars, and boat-biiiMcri. They rnats, and bafkets of gral's, both ftrong and beautiful, idetd, a ncatncfsand perfcftion I their works, that fljows they It neither in ingenuity nur per. Lon. 165, o. \V. latr<3. 5.N, fKC, a town (f Dutch Klan- of a bailiivick of the fame In. ?. 29. S. lat. m. 12. N. f B Y, a tov^n of Sweden, in the )tland, 27 miles S. of Bork- [o, or Porto, a rich and hand- rt of Portut;;d, in the province niicro-e-Minh'i, with a bilhnp's bv nature aiinoll in)|>rti»nabie. for its llroni; wines ; and large irc exported hence to England ; 1 red wines that ccimc from P 'rtui'al are called Port wines, 1 nn the declivity of a mountain, vci- Douero, wliich forms an ex- hour, and is 147 miles N. by E. Lon. 8.21. VV. I, It. 41. 10. N. t,N, a rtroni; town of Silefia, ca- duchy of the lame name, with a a fine holpital. The chief tri- ifticc, and the hrft confillory of ere fettled here in 1742. It is 1 tlie -iver Oder, in a pleafant miles N. of Troppaw, and 358. reflaw. Lon. 17. 50. E. lat. 50, .viiF.iM, a town of Germany, in inaf; of the Rhine, and capital of ck of the fame name ; feared on ivity of a hill, nenr the Khine, les S. of Mcntz., and 12 H. of Lon. S. 10. E. iHt. 49, 45. N. DO, an epifctjpr.l town of the of Naples, fcrfttd at the foot of lennincs, it, miles N. E. of Reg- in. 16. 21. E. lat. 58. iq. N. 11, a town cf Turkey in Europe, a, near the river Diino, Co miiei f Belgrade. i, a ftrong and important fcaport ry, in the kingdom of Treuiel'en, er.d forts, and an excellent har- is (eated partly on the fide of a partly in a pldin, almoft oppofite :na, in Spain, It is about a a half ill circumference, and well ; but commanded by the adjitcnt t was taken by the Spaniards in ul retaken by the Ali;erines in In 17.5-', the Spaniards became if it again, and have kept it ever On the Sih of OL>ober 1790, this as ib tfftftualiy dcftroyed by an ikc, that nothing but the exterior ;re left Iluuiling. Two thouftnd I -*■ - ptrlu; ORB perfon": rirrfftird on thii ocfnion. The bev of Mafcara t >i>k a:ite of the g'lrrifon, to attr.ck it with a ci'nlider.iMe force, hnt wa;, com- pcllr- 1 ro retire with ^rc.it lof-, after three oblUnaic attacks. It i-^ i ; ;; miles W. by S. of Algiers. Lon. o. X. \V. lat. r'< i. N. Oa.xNr.K, an ancient and I'onlv'erable town of France, in the dtparrmi nt of Drome and late province of '•"(auphiiiv. It was an important place in the time of the Romans, Tlie triumplnl arrli, vifited by all connoilTeurs, and which is jco pares from the town, was formerly wifh.n us limits. This urdi, which was much daiTiarfed in i"c7 and 1709, was frefted hv Cams Mu-iu< and Cams Lu'^arius Catiilu';, after the vi^torv which thcv fh- tained ov cr the Cimbri and Teutinrs. Here are alfo the remains of a fine amphi- theatre, foni:r:l liis heir. The city of Orange was an epifcopal fee before the late revolution. It is ftated in a ftnc I'lain, on the little river Aigncs, II miles N. of Avignon, anrf 50 N. E. of Montpcliier. Lon. 4. 49. E. lat. 44. 9- N. ORA^fGF,^l'Rr;, a magnificent palace of Germany, in the elertnratc of Bran- denburg, feated on the river Havtl, nc;ir Berlin. It is a pleafure-houfe of the king of PrulFia. Oratavi A, the capital of the '(land of TenerifT, one of the largeft of the Ca- naries, in the Atl.mtic Ocean, 1 50 miles W. of the coaft of Africa. Lon. 16. 20, W, lat. 28. 2j. N, Orbalsan, a town of Piedmont, be- tween Turin andPignerol, Lon. 7.30. E. lat. 45. I. N. if,, r • ■n', „ .'1 ORG ftnnr., an ancient, Inndfome, ond ple.ilan' town of Svsilit rland, in the Pav« dc Valid, and capital f a hidiwick. vvh')ra fovereigiitv i< divilrd bctwcun tlie can- tons of Hern aid Friburg. Jt is feittrt Bn a river of the fa rr- name. Its ri.m mtie fituation, the boldiicfs nt tlip ftngle. arched brulr.e projci'llog ovi'r ihe OrI.e, the wild licncry on the bank . of that nvcr, its frc- qiknt cataradls, and the varimu piflu- re("c|ue views in the ntighb'nirhood, are the adniiration of •! travellers, Oibe it 24 mile: S. W. (if Fiiuurg, and 40 S. W, of B'rn. Lon. (). 43. E lat. 4'). 49. N Oi! iHTKLt.n, a ftrong t,wn ot Ita in T'.ilcanv, and in the Sirnnelc. It h good harb'Hjr, deftiuled l-y feveral fo^ and is felted near the rivir Albegna the fen, 5S indcs S. by W. of Si4||a, and S ; S. of Florence, Lon, 11, ioTE. lat. 4:. 18. N. Or nuK, a river of Fr;tnrc. which rifet in the m^'umaiir. u( i'k (^..\ ciui'^s, water* Be/ier<, and tails into the gulf ol Lyons, five miles ln'.iiw tin; town. On (■ A DKS, or OnKNKVs, a clufter of illan,ds on the N. o. B'.'vond this ifland, to tlie N. K. arc fcen, am ^ng others. Rowl'ay and Wtftra, Sii.r.'pinll'a and K. ''i, S'ron- Ci, Saiidii, and N. R' n.iKha. To tlie S. appear tlie ifles . f Hvv ani! S Ronal'lia, with others of infiiioc ir.re. 'I he ciir- reiiis and tides >> hi'h Hav \)ei'vren tliefe lil.inds are extrcmtly ripid and d..Ri;er- ous ; and, neir the fiiiill illc of Swinna arc two whirlp'if'ls, that luve be-.n knnuii to fn.itch in boats and li;'ht vends, which were iiill-intly fwal;(.,re..l up. The iJriir, ciilTed Pinihnd Frith, which divides tlicle iflaids fu-jiii Caithnefslhirc is like- wife very dan.-^erous to tho'e who are not well acquainted with the tides and currents; cipecidly in pAlfini' the Pent- lind Skerries, a clufter of rocks that lie in the v.. entrance ot the frith. Springs of pure wafer are f ^iind in -A] the moun- tainous parts of ihsfe iflamls ; and there a'C numerous lakes and rivulets nbiund- ing in li(h. The heath, on thefe moun- tains, (belters gr'>u('e, plovers, fnipes, ^c. hut here are neirhcr partridges, h.iri-, nor f /,xes. There are n.imbers of Itieen ind fnnll black cirtle, Tiie pi.idur'ts ■ f th©. vallics and plains are bear (an in'erior kind « i':1i:^Mi-'S^i'£- -^'iCSLf. tit---: fe-CJ«S»'-?r- O K E inqpTint kind nf barley) nml cats, but no other fort "f grain. 'I'lui climate of thole ifland* is untavourabL I nlthoiigh tluv ilo not fitftr To much fi(im frort and (now, as riiKht be dipiior'-'il from tlicir northerly polition. In ceneral, the air i-t nioiil : and tlitV are often villtul by drfadful dorms of wind, ruin, and thiiiidLr. Thi ir loneeft lUiy is i ') h-mvwnd a half j their fhortcrt four and k half. Thus, for about throe weeks in miJrammcr, tluy enjoy the fight of the lun, ahnoft without inii r- milHon ; but, for the fanu; (pace in win- — , that luminiiry h.irdiv riCes above the 'izon, and is conimnnly i.bCcurcd by and mills. In tins' ''jonmy iVaron, ifcncc of day ii fupplicd paitly by irhc. llul the r:\diancr of \h<- Au- jreales contributes Ihil more fltc- 'o fupply this want. The almolt ...nt corruications of thcfc inctc or;* are, indeed, fubhmtly Lciutifu! ; and we, who only iVc the cxtrcmitiis of thule Borthcrn ph,-cnoir.ena, have but a faint idea of their Iplcndonr and thuir motions-. Stc Snr.ri.AKn. The inluhitants are rubuil and hardly ; th"l'c of fuperior rank, d.ltini'uilhcJ foi-'pc-litcnelV and holpitality ; and the inferior clafs, in i;f;neral. artive and induftrious. Tlie principal trade of thefe idands.is with Ltiili, Hamburg, a'ld Btt^en. Thtir chief e^;p(;rt^ arc linen and wonlkn yarn, llockin(k' .'I .i.w ,.-■ ..., - i trv ; and they carry on a coa'dcrahle trade with Sf'ckholm, acrol's tlie lal-.es inelniar and Mrtdcr, Hy means if the canal nf Ar- bnj';a ; lending; iron, vitriol, and red paint, inparticitli!, to that capii il. Orebro is yj miles S. VV. of Stoekholiii. l^on. 15. li, E. lat. ng. iz. N. Ohki.runi), a ff'.port of Sweden, leattd on the ecifl. vf Upland, in the gulf of Cothnia, opp dUc tlie fn.all ifland of Oinlbn, 'So milts N. of Stockliohn. Lun. iS. ic E. lat. Cio. so. N. *' On. 1. 1., a governrrent of Ruiria, once a province of the ;.;oveniincnt of Bielgo- rod. Its capital, of the fame, is fcatea on the rivers Occa and Orel, J07 miles S. W. by S. of Mofeow. Lon. 35. zo. E. lat. 53, ■ Okk.i,i,an.\. See Amazons, Ri« vi:r ok. Orkn'hurch, one nf the two pro. vinces of the i;overnnient of Ufa, in Rui- lla. Orenburirh, its capi!.;l, is itattd on the river Uraf, formerly died the Yaik, 7[;o m'.Ies E. by S. of B^jfcow. Lon. ^5. o. E. iat. i;i. 4/). N. OitESsi:, an ancient town of Spain, in Galicia, wito a biihop's fee. It is famous for its hot baths, and is fciitcd at the foot of a mountain, oi the river Minho, over which is a hani'foine brid;;e of one arch, 47 miles S. E. of Compollelli. Lon. 7. 36. \V. lat. 42. .q-N. Ok FA, a coiifi ierablc town of Afia, in Dibni'eek. It fornierlv belonged to Per- lia, but i'. now in the Turkiili dominions, and is a place of very good trade. They dt'ai in carpets of I'evcral forts, fonie of wliich arc made there. It has a ftately cafiie on a hill, and is feateJon the river Euphrates, S3 milts N. E. of Aleppo, and 100 S. W. of Uiarbtkar. Lon. 3S. 10. E. lat. 36. 50. N, ':aport an arket on ? I'cated on the Icacoaft, between two chan- nels, and was formerly a good filliing- toun, but has l-dl its ir.ule. Here it a handfome church, whofc llceple is a lea- n.ark ; and nc\r it are ihe ruins nf an old caflle ; as alio of a priory, St. George's chapel, and a boufe where Veamen's wives ultd to pray for the fafcty of their huf- bands. It is a corporatibn, governed by a mayor, recorder, a portman, and 12 bur- geffcs ; but though it is faid to have been once Or FOR I), a I'eaport and borough of Suil'dk, wiih a market on Monday. It is U K t [ice (if Ncrich, in SweJen iic.ir file wcitcrn extremity ir. On a liiull illind, in |f the town, fouTicd bv two lie Sw.irt, O.iiuls tlic calUL', .':il nTiilciicr. Here art ma. f fircai-nv-, c!' ■flic the (mall ifland of iilcs N. of Stockliolin. Lun. t. do. io. N. a govcrnrrcnt of Ruflla. once i the ;i;ovtnimi.iit o!' Bii.ii;o- liti!, ot the fainc, is fcatca'on :a iiid Orel, 207 miles S. W. fcuw. Lun. 35. :o. E. lat. 53. ANA. See Amazons, Ri. URc;n, one of the two pro. ; govti-nnitiu of Ufa, in Rul- jrirh, its capii.d, is Itatcd on ■al, forncrly died the Yaik, by S. of ftiji'eow. Lon. 1;;. ,<)''■ N. * an ancient town of Spain, in i> a biftop's Ilc. It is famous atlis, and is fcited at the t'.jor of . 01 the river Minho, over hanc'foine bridge of one arch, E. of Compolleili, Lon. 7. 41. .9. N. con fide, -able town of Afia, irj It for.v.erlv bc!..n;;cu to Pcr- o\v in the Tiukiih dominion';, :e of very good trade. They ets of feveral forts, fonie of n.-ulc there. It has a ftateljr bill, and is feattd-on the river Sj rniks N. E. of Aleppo, W. of Diarbtkir. Lon. 38, 6. 50. N. , a iKaport and borouiili of li a market on Monday." It h e leacoaft, hur\\cen two chan- ■as formerly a good filLing- ns ]■>{{ its trade. Here k \ uircli, whole llceple is a fca- neir it are ihc ruins of an s alio of a prior", St. Geori^t'g I lioufe where teamen's wives ' for the fafcty of their hiif- ■• a corporation, governed by a rdcr, a portman, and i; btir- though it is faid to have been w IV 1 •nee very Iari;r, aiul to have had 11 rliurihtb, il has nr.w only about joo mean lioiifc"i. It is iS iniits I"., by N. of Ipf- with, and l^i N. V,. of London. Lcn. 1. 40. E. lat. ^!. 1 1. N. Or.fjANKoRii, 1 mHi^p, near Poole, in Dorletlliire, remarl. luie tor the prodi>,'ious <|iriniiiy ut ptnior •> ,il, litre calied o;/««, that is pr'.' 'u';ed 111 tlic nei(;bboiiiliood. Ok(i/« /, a t iwn lit Spain, in New C.i'"- tile, Is iiilis S. ot Twlcd ), with a canie. Lon. J. ii. W. lat. 39. 30. N. OKc.KtK r, a town (>i Fr.ince, in the department of Jura .siul lite provinit of jMinclit-Conui'. leatcd at the fohrr.c of the rivtr V'aioufe, 30 niilis N. by E. of Uoiiri^. Lon. 5. 51). K. lit. 46. 3(1. N. Oiy a ci- tadel, oppnGte I'ort L<.uis, and at '.no bot- tom of the fame bay, can conrain but a (null number of men of war. This port is frequented by the Ihips of the United Slates of America. The Eiit^lilli at- tempted to become matters of it 174^, but inifcarried. It is five miles iwim Hcn- neboii. Lon. 3. 20. VV. lat. 47. 4'). N. Okiguei-A, a conndtrrtljle town of Sp.iin, in Valencia, v/uh a billiop's fee, and a uiiiverfity. It is coinniaiuled Uv a ciLidel built on a rock, and (eatcd on the river Sei;ura, 33 miles N. o;' Carihagena. Lon. I. 3, VV. lat. 3S. 10. N. Ok 10, a town of Spain, feared on the cnaft of Giiipufcoa, at the niuuth of the river Orio, tight miles S. W. of St. Se- baltiin. Lcn. i. iq. W. lar. 4^. z^ N. * Oi' IS5 A, a province.of the peninlii' '. of Hindooftan, bounded bv Kaliar art Btnij.d on the N. by Jierar on the W . by (rolconda on the S. and the bay of Ben- gal on the E. The diftri^'l of Midni- apnur, in this province, is lubjefit to the Englifli L. India Company ; but all the reft belongs to the Berar Mahrattas. Oristagni, an ancient town of the ifland of Sardinia, with a good harbour, and an ardibifhop's fee. It U large, and U K L, well fortified, hut thinly inhabited, on «• o lint of tilt unhenlthy air. It is leaied on the wtftern c aft, on a luy of the fame name, 41 milts N. W. uf Ctiliari. Lon, 8. 51. E. lar. 40. ». N. •• Okkn KY Islands, See On, CADKs. Onr.A.ML'ND, a town of Germany, iq thi cireic of Ujipci- S4Xony, and in Thu. rmjjia, belongini; to the duke of Saxc- G'tha. It is Itarcd on the river Sala.op, pofr.e the mouth of the Orl.i, 50 mile* S. W. of Leipfick. Lon. 11. 14. E. U, 50. ^j. N. Oria.woo, a cape on the N. coatt Sicily, 1 5 miU-j VV. of Paiti. Oklk A s fits, a lite province of F., which now forms the dipartnien. .,. Loirtt. It is divided by the river|i3P> 1 into till' Upper and Lower, and is iVv.,1- plciititiil roiiniry. Orleans is the capit^^lji^ Oui.KANs, a laire, ancient, rich, and handTomi city of France, capital of the dcpArtmcut of L.iirct and lue province of Orkmnis. It is built m the f^irin of an ovil, and i. Cuppoftd to contain 40,000 fouls. Under the fons of Clovis, it \va« the capital of a kingdom. It hai Itood tw() iiRinorable fiegcs ; the firft, in 451, airainft the formidable A'tila ; tlur (Icond, ill 14J'!, aualnlt the EnKl!:h ; wh'clwlalt was railed bv the ceUbriitcd Jum uie. Jcfiii Chrilt was conndLred as rhc tirft canon of ill, Ipte chapter, and, as fuch, had a double (liare in all the di(lri,.utions, whiJi WIS gi\tn to the Hotel Diei'. The Itrtet-, of Orleans arc I'paciiiU , neat, ind ple.'^'.ant. That of the faiubour'; of Paris is of a prodigious le'ii;th. The coinuicrce Cinfiftsin wine, brandy, corn, • pvotcry, and particuL.rly fu-,ii-, uliich is broMght raw from Nntes and Roclielle. One yiar with another, i o.oto cwts. of loaf riit',jr are (ent (r- m Orl. ans ; great part of which i- taken by the mercluir.tt of Paris. Slietp-ilcm^ MMd Itockini's, both knit and W'vcn, 'orm alfo a conlider- able artich. ..f iia.'e. This ci'v is an cpif. copal fee. It ii>s a fociery of natural piii- l;'fophy, natural h-:i iry, &r. and a public horary. The environs aia very pleaj'ant ; p:.niculai-|y the .''auxhourt' or (ubuib of Olivet, which is on the left (IJe of the Loire, and has a r.omn-uniiMtion with the ci.y by a bridt'e, the bnHncIs and li^ht- nel's of which arc eqiial'y admired. '^ It w.as built by Le .is XV. and confirts of nine arches; the centre one of v.hiih is ICO feet wide. Ou thin bridge \yas placed the 1 "*ii 51 i \ O R M R T the unfor»nn«e l-an of Arc, wi«l>. hnoti nef. nf tht Ir.rbour. It h r.nw »!mn» •nvl fpur^ Ilk.: a knight, on lur k". cs be .IcfcrtcJ i for ir ,,n. tvvo :iich« dc.p upon the furfaiK of tht cirth. I.on. 56. 25. E, Int. »->. JO. N. • Oknan'^, a town of F'ranrc, in tlir tlrpaniiicnt <•( DouIjs ;iii>i Lite province of Fr.tnilic-(?"niti'', In it- vicinit\ U a well, which, clutliit; the time cf Rrcut rains, overflows ill fiich a manni r iii tn iniiiulitc the :i''i;ircnt cmintry. Tht fithcs whiiU It ill I'oigtH arc ciilltil «"■'■)>.«. There is a firiilti Will ubnut A liMuue from VtCnuI. Orn'fi'. is f. ,it('l on tht I.ouvc, eiii,hi iiiiki S. \i. "f Bt-!':m(, 'H. ' On VI., ii (Icpnrtmtnt of Frincc, which inclirlc; ihc !:i'c tro-.incc nf Pmhc and pirt f>t 1 tut of N'^n'inuK. It t.ik<.:i rs nnmc from ,1 river, <•. hicit fails in'o the F.r._t;'iili Chaniid, icht niiltii beJow Cun. Ti i; cipttal i» Aliiiijnii. OiioNoKO. ;i river of S. Atrerira, which lilts ill P p.ivan, near thu ]' cilic Ocuiii ; iiml. af'ir a ciirfc of 7S^ liagncs, cntfrs the Ail'niu- Octm.in 9" N. lat. wlieri: its imi'i-iii' Citv is fo >;rcat, that it ftenis the nioil powerful titles, and pre- •Vrvfs tlic ficlhntfk of its waters to the f ihc regency of tht duke of diftanrc uf 1 ?. 1. u;ais "Ut ?.t (ca. her Rims, a» if }.;oini,' to lay hmi in hn tnml) ; and oppoi'te 10 Ji'.in, in rne lame polUirc in Chuies VII. 'I hele lii;;.rt« (the txi-cutiun ami rapcrftiiioii of which are tcpially contr't pti. It) were t.ktn from the old demohfliid tiridi;t. Oihiint is kattd on the rivir \.nn,:. ^o u'l's N. E. of Bl'ib, und 60 S. S. W. ol Pans. Lon. I. ■;<). F.. lat- 4':- M- N. * ()ki.i ans, Can m. or, n.iTimenrt? ft ihu rivoi Loire, I'.hout two leagues above h joi, erodes the fortll of Orliani, jimii ^oinir near Mnntirgir,, and piiriiij' l-y jtiuri, falls into the Siuu'. It «,i« rtniijjta in ift«», and hn i" l"c'.f._ in |t* cottBfe which h aUout i"s leagiuf. in tx- ^f>Mi F.ANS, I'oui sr or, ncir the city ■ef that naitu', cnniainini,' inn.oon acres, Planted witli i ak iiid oiler v liiiaiile trer' . t is one of the nn H eonlldt r-iM'. f^nefts in Fr^nto ; and the 1 .Ii :. of its timht r and iin- derwoiHl produce amiudlv ion,r-i':> lures. Orleans, Nfw. a ci!;, of N. Aiiic- vica, iipital if Louiiiuna. Ir wa- h'i;lt in the till e ( Orleans. On the loth of M irdt 1-*^^ feven eighths of this ciiv were deOr'.vnl b/" fire ; hot ert'.t pro;;r(ls has teen ii'irc made in rthuilJini' it. Jt is (eatcil on the K. tide of ihe Miiriirippi, 10; m'lis tr.m its mouth. I,' 11. Sy. :3. VV. lat. 3^'. 1. N. Oki kass, ■'ii ifl;iiid and town i.t N. A'lieriea, in Cantda, a lit'lt to the E, of Qj-htck. I^on. 61). ;o. W . i it._4:. n. N. DKMONii.tliK nHiihurn d;vilioii of the coun'v I'fTippcriry, in Ireland. OuMsKiKK.a town of LaiKaHiirc, m ith a Miarket on Tiard.iy. It is ^c:" miles S. uf l...nral1er, and ;oA N. N. W. of I,on- d-.n. Lon. 3. 3. W lat. .3. 3-. N. Ormi's, a fmali illand of Af.i, at the hot t. in of tlic uulf of the lame n;,me. at .thj entrarcc 1 fihe j;ulf of Pirfvi. IFcre it heine is r.tiilur frefh v.aicr nor gra!- ^ i^nd of fall, rul;.>hu''ei'Us I'l.'i! tiken, in 1 50:, hy the Portuguefe, wiio for-ilicd it ; h\u\ it was nfterw ir'^' niti-. III ir vicinits is » weil, 11; tilt tunc (f >;"■ " •■•<''>•( lucha ni.iiini r iis 111 inuii'litc timntry. The fifhts uliirli nrc fiilltil (/"'if t. There is a t'.viiif a K'P.Mif from VtCnut. .Ill >l on thi I.iiuvc, cij^lit iiiili'i l';in(, m. a (Itpirimi nt nf Fnncc, c tl'.c lire rrovincfof Ptrilic t !h If (jf NulHiimlv . It l.iki.^ Pill ,1 ri\cr, <-. huh falli in'i> the laniiil, '.icht niilo licJmv Ciin. I !.•> .\Iiiu;mh. Ko, 1 river of S. Arrerira, ill P 'p.ivan, near tlif 1' cilic 111. afiir .1 C'lirfc i>( 75^ li-.igu«, All nwc Oft in, in 9" N. lat. iiMp(.iii. fitv is ffi >;rcat, thtt it nioil powerful tides, and prc- ficlhnii'k |iiin, in Old Caltile, with. I hilhiip't ftc, and a iiiii* verfiiy. It i'i aim >ll )■, ne to rum, aii'l i« li .ltd on the ri\er I) uiern, Ho mile* N. by F. of M.ulrul. Ljii. i. It. U'. lut. 41. 30. Nk (>sN \nt u'li', aiiiwnol (lerrnany, in the circle ot \Vellph.tIi.i, cipitjl of a bi- llinpric of thr fanie name, with a univvr* 1 litv and a c.iltle. It r, remarkable for a province of Heirn, I'eatii ..f a hill on the river Oave di l'.iu, 17 tnilei from Puu. L 'n. o. ^4. VV. lat. 4}. C.N. OitTON, a town o' \\'eftf.i'>rUnd, wiili a market on W'edneldav. It 1. u miles tnaty of pc.ire, coiu-ju.ie I here between S. VV. of Applov, and 271 N. N. U. of Uynianv and Sweden, Ml 164^, in favour London. Lon. 2. 40. \V. lit. 54. an. N. of the Pr, telUnt reli^;t,)n. The Piotel On 17. v. a town of Lithuania, in the pa- taiiti, have two of the churctus lifinue ol U'ltupfic. It is fortitied, and diiti ndcd by a ;o..'d ealV.t > is 57 noU* VV. vf Smolcnlko, and fcatcJ it the (.'ufluince (>'■ the OiLfa and Dnieper. L.'ii. jO. 0. I'. lat. sJ. 4v N. Ok\ 11 to, a town of It.dy, in the pa- trimony of St. Pitvr, with a biibop'i lee, 4nd a m.ivniiicent p..',ace. In tin-, place is a deep well, into which inuies dtfccnd, by one pair ot llair^, to fetch up water, and iliend by anr thcv. It i cated on a ctaggy rock, near the comloenec of the rivcis P.ij;Ii and' Chiuna, jo mile. N. W. nf Vi'erbo, and 50 >.'. by W. of Rome. I.nn. II. 10. 1'".. l;it, ai. 4:. N. Okwf.i.i, a river of Sutl'olk, wiiich fi!':ng in the iniddie of that ciunty.runs S. L. by IpUvich, and uniung with the river Stour from Maiiiiii'.tree, forms the fine harbour of H.irwich. Above Ipf- wicll, it i;. called the Gipping. OtiAt'A, a iar;'^e, hanOl'ome, and famous town of J ipan, with a maj;nifictnt caltlv. It his a harbour, and is ijiie ol ibe iiiort populi lis and ttaibny pi lees of J.ipaii. in this town, ihe hours of the nij;ht are proclaimed bv tne (ijund of diflereiit iu- ilruinents of iiuiilc. L m. i jj. 45. E. lit. 3-. 10. N. Oii-Ro, or O.soRO, sn irouu! in the fiilf ol Venice, lieloiigiiii^ to the Vtne- tp.ns, havinji tlut of Cb. rfo to the M. to which ii is joined bv a lindt;t. The ca- pital is of th- Ian e n.iinr, with a bilhop's fee. Lon. 15. 3;. K. ii\. 41. o. N. OsKY Isi.ANn, an ifland in Bl'ck- wa'er Piv, near M lidcn, in F.tiex, \^ liich i"- fo covered with w^lJ fowl, m certain lealons, ib.at nuny peonle cnie hitl-.cr from London for ihc pleafurc nf fliooting them. It is in the p»iifli of (jrcar Tnt- ham ; and here the '-oal ihips for Maiden Whload their cannot The beer of ihiit place iit hii;hlv i-neciiud in Germany. It i« I't.iied on tlie river II uc, 3; mile.. N. E. of MunlUr, and 75 W. of H.movei'. Lon. 8. 20. K. lat. ^1. 14. N. OsNAiuiKOii, a liidv pric of (iermany, in the circle 01 WeCpiuilia, bounded on the N. I>V Lower Mu i\er ; on the S. by Upper MunlUr ; on the K. by ttie terri- tory of Mnideii ; and on tht VV.pirily by MimOer, and partly by Lin reii. It is re. niaik iblc, ibat this billu)|,'ric is pollened by the I'apiii:. and Proteli.inis aliermtely, aceoniinj; to the tcnniir of the treaty of VVcftphiiii. The Prottltant J)illiop is ai- w.ivs chol'en by the houCe of Biunfwick. li.nenbur.', and the Carbolic bv the Pa- pilis. The prel'ent billiop u Frederic duke of York, lecond ton of tin; kine ■'( (Jrcit liritam. The infjiei'li^n and ailiiiinilha- tion of eccleliartical affairs, however, belonjj to the elci'lor of Coloinie, is mciropoiiian ; but the civil .itlairs ate always governed by the Proiedant bilhop in his turn. It is 43 ini!is in Icni^th, and 30 in bieadth ; is di-' sukil into I.;. en tiailiwick ; and abonniU in c itt.c ind hit's. Ol'nabjrgh is the capital. OsNAniiKiii Isi.ANii, an ill.md in the S. I'.icitie O.ean, dilcovcred anJ named bv captain VVallis, in 176''. It is caILd Ml. Ilea by the natives. I. )n. 147, 30. \V. hit. 17. ?i. .S. OsoRNO, a town of S. America, in Chill, leated on Rio-Haeno, in a territory where there are niincs of p 'Id, S3 mile* S. of B.tldivia. Lun. 75. io. VV. lat. .\o, r:^. S. * Oisi.i I A, the Cfiiourv of thi Osst. or Osst' M, one of tiic lev. n Ciucaliaa na- tion:, bctivitn tlit H'jck Seaa'id 'nc Cat", pian ; fioanJed on the N. bv Great Ca- bardd i on tiie J'., bv the L'l^uis Tartars, and on the S. and VV. bv Inieritia. It A \ cnnt-iins I'j diftrif^s, of wnich one is fuh- Oiiiv:u, aa ancient town of luly, in j- 4t to lineiiia, a:.i the oiLerj to Gvorijia. Thefe OTA Thefc dlftrifti are rf very unequal n-e ; fnmc containinp; ..nly fivt, and others 50 viUaire'.. each of \vliictv c.mipntcs from lO to i',o fatr.ihe?. Their lunumtJE has loiv.e analocv wuh that of the P'^riinn. I hur hiftorv is entirely unk'v.vp. The Ur- caiTiat.s and Tartars call them Kulha ; ihat is, B 'nc3. ObsORY, tlic wcftcD) JivinonofCiuecn s County, in Irtkiii.!. Os<;uKA, an ancient and confukrablc town of Spam, in Andahil-.a, uith a uni- vcrntv, and an hofjiitHl, 40 miUs L. of Seville. Lon.4-3'.W. lat. 3:-i4-N. OsTAiiio. H town of Irnly. in tht ttir- ritory of Genoa, 15 nuk^ N. \V . of Ge- noa. Lon. 8, ii.ii- hn.44. 3''-N. OSTAI.RIC, a towi; of bp,.in, m Lata- lonia. It had a ftror^ rafUe, tikcn by the French, and demohfhrd in i6();. li is featcd on the rivcrTord.ra, 2X n^iics N. E. of Barcelona. Lon. .. 55. I^- l''t- 4!- J, N bsTF.ND, a fortified fcaport of Aul^rran Flinders, famous for tlie long_ fie-e it fultained a;;ainft the Spaniiird^ tram July c, ,Ooi,to Sept. 22, 1604. wlien it air- rendered, by an honr.urabie .capitulation, to the celebrated marquis Spinola. 1 lie Spaniards loft nc:,r fco.oco men before this place, althou .h, v-'hen it wa. invefted, rhey did not expert it would hold out a fortnight ; which induced the archduchefs If.belTa, governefs u^ the N.thtrhnds to make a vow, that (lie wouid never i^itt herfelf til! it was t:^ke» iitne death of Charles II. ^f Spnin, .V: l<.e.ncl, Icized Oftend ; but, in 170^', after the ;.attle of Ramillies, it was retak.T W /'.'f'' •''«"'• The emperor Charleb VI. eftabhlhed an F India Companv here ; nut it met with fuch a powerful oppofition from the mari- time powers, that, after mauv negotia- tions, it was abolilhcd in i-ji. Oftend w-.. again taken by the French in 174'. '^ reftored bv the trcj.y of A.x- a-Ch.pelle In the war of 17^6, the French S^^"^''"^' this town for the emprefs-iiULeu M>ina Therefa. In the laft war, ai a neutral port, It became a great mart for tr.de ; and it -vas greatly auionented both in po- pulation and buildin'ii.. The ampere ,r ofeph II. again attempted to open a trf.:^ hence to the E. Indies, without anv op- pofition from the maritime powers but, it the fame time, without much fucce,.. In 1-92, the French once more tocii Oftend, but were compelled «" evacuat. it in , .,3, when it was srarrikned W lir.n n troops, for the emperor V rancis 1 1 . Ol- tend is fcatcd in a marfhy ioil, among a number of canals, aud is almoft V.irr>und- td by t>v« of the largeft ot then), «nio wMch niips of grc?.t burden may tnf-r with the tide, li i; lO mile-, W. of l{n.- j'ci, 22 N. E. of Dunkirk, and (:0 N. \V . of Bruft'el.. Lon. 3. i. R- lat. ji. 14- M- OsTIA, an ancient .ind celebrr.ted town of Italy, in the Campagnaof Rome, I'eated at the' mouth of the river Tib^r, with a bithop's fee. The air being unwhr.k- ibiiie, it is now very thin of pe iple, and rone to decay ; and the harbour is choked lip. It is 12 miles 5. W. of Rome. Lon. 1;. 14. E. lat. 41. 44- ^■^- - , . , OsTi'iLiA, a town of Italy, m the duchy of Mantua, fubjeil to the hwife ot Auftria. It is dated on the river Po, 15 m.iles E. of Mantua. Lon. 11. 8. E. lat. 4?. 7.N. ^ , 'OsTKor.OTitiA, the eaftcrn part ot Gothland, in Sweden. OsTVNr, a town of the kingdom of Naples with a i-ilhoti's fee. Its territory i:, well cultivated, and abounds with olives and almonds. It is featcd on a mouniain, n-ar tiif golf of Venice, i f> miles N. W. oV Rrindici, and 24 N. K. of Tarentu. Lon. 17. ;<). F:. lat. 40- ,?'• ^. _ Oswt no, a fort '• W. of London- . ,. 3.W. lat. SI- S^-N. OsY rn, a V! Ujt of T'lr.-.x, ■h arc the remains of an ancient n o-- ^ry, now the feat of the tail of Roni- . It is fituarcd near the fea, nine ■s S. E. of Colcliefler. . Or A HA, one of the Society lAands ;ti S. Pacific Ocean. It lies N. of Uli- • and is divided from it by a ftrait, eh, in the nar.owea part, is rot more , tvo miles broad. This ifland is. Her, aud more barren thaa Uhiea, but! ^^^ OTA V has two very good harbours. The proplc, ;uvl the prodaAts, appear to be fmnlar 10 thnCe 111 the otln.r Society IllinJ-.,. OTAllKlTH.l.,one of the Society Iilands in the S. Paciiit Ocean, lyin;; in iK^ S. lat. and i5o« W. lon. and lirlf dilcuvered, in 1-^67, by ciptain \\' Willis, who call.:d it GciL^e the Third's Irtand. M.de Bou- ir.invilk next at rived at it in April _17''«. ^nd (laid 10 da-/s. Captain Cook, m the Endeavour, raiuc hither m x-Cx), to ob- ftrve tiiC tranfit of Venus; faijcd rour.M the whole ifland in a boat, and llaid tlucc month.s. It has Hnce 'oetn v;lited twice by that cclcbr.ua navigator. It was yi- liiedalfo, in i774. "V two Spanilh (hips from I>ima, v.lio endeavoured but w.th- out effeft, to prejudice the natives againft the JMU-ii!h. Jt conhfts ot two peninlu- las, lireat part of wlueh is covered with woods and forefte, tunliftlng partly of brrad-fruit- trees, paln.s, cocia-nut-treCo, OTA tliatclucl wun tlit long prickly leaves ot the palm-iuit-tree, and lupporttd by a few pillars made of the bread-tree. As a roof is fuWient to Ihtlter the natives from r.dns, and ni,i!,litiy dews, and as the climate of tins illand is one ot the happielt in the world, the lioufes have k-ld(,ni any ^^,i\l!<, but fere open on all fides. Mr. Furlkr found various link bads among the II. rubs and trees, that had a very ai'recabk note, though common report, among tlic Europeans, has denied the powers of harmotiv to the l)irds of warm climates, 1 he birds in:)ft common are two Ions of parroquets, one of a beautiful fappbtrine l)lue, another of a grteniili colour, with a few red fpots ; a king's iifher, ci a dark ;;reen, with a collar of the fa. le hue round his white throat ; a large cuckoo ; it veral forts of pigeons or dovts; and a bhiiih heron. The cloih of the r.ntives is m ide of the hbroiis birk of the mulberry tree, which is cularly a 'kiiKi of an.ara^ or piiicapple, cafuarinas, and dragon-trees. 1 he pco- pk h.ive n;ild fcaiures, and a plealing countenance. Thev arc about the ordi- nary fize of E'.iropems, of a pale mahoga- ny brown, with line black hair and eyes, and wear a piece of cloth round their mid- dle, of th:ir own maniifafturc, and aiio. ther wrapped about the head, in various piauickiue fiiapes like a turban. The women, who are far from beint; unhand- fome, wear a piece of cloth, wiih a hole in the middle, through which they pals their heads, fo that one part ot the gar- ment hangs down behind, and the other before, to the knees ; a fine white cloh, like muilin.pafles over this in various ele- gant turns round the body, a little below the brcaft, forming a kind of tunic, of which one turn fomctimes falls gracetu.ly acrofs the flioulder. " This dret.,, lays Mr. Forftrr, " appeared more advanta- geous to the human ligurc, than any mo- dern falliion we had iiithcrto feen. Bo'h lexes are adorned, or rather disfiguied, by tUole black ftains. occalloncd by punftiir- ing the tkin, and rubbing a black colour intrj the wounds. No language kerned eafier to acquire than theirs every iHrlii and fibilant confonr.nt being banilhed from it, and almoft every word ending in a vowel. The only rcquifue is a nice car to 'hilinguini the numerous modibcations of their vowels. The O and E, v/ith which a g.-eat part of the names and words begin, we found, was the artick, which mLny ealttrn natio.is atttx to the greater part of their fub(iantivcs."-Tlie houks •f the natives c.nfift only ot a rcof, glue, made of the hib.kus elcukntus, is cmployLd to make the pieces of bark co- here together. Some of theic pieces arc two or fhrce yards wide, and so yards long. It is remarkable, that though ihe naruca of this idand far excel moft of the Ame- ricans in the knowledge and practice of thi: arts of ingenuity, yet tney had not invented anv inetb.od of boiling water ; and having no velkl that could bear tiie lire, ihcy' lud no more idea that water could be mhdc hot, than that it could ne made folid. The only (juadrupeds UAind upon the iil.ind, are hogo, dumeltic. dogs, and rats, whuh the inhabitants fufk-r 10 run ab-jut at pleaiure, witkait ever trying to deflroy them. Long na:ls on the fiu- gers are a mark of difviiuMion among the natives, as among the Chinefe ; for they imply that fuch pcrfons only as have no occafion to work, could I'utfer them to grow to that length. The two kxes here cat kparatelv, as in m:'.ny other countries. Their burying places, called Moral, are built of leveral ranges of (loncs, like fteps, eaeh about three feet and a halt m hei'giit, and covered witii grafies, ferns, aid fmall ilirubs. At a little dillanre is an obbng inclofure round it, made of Itont, abo\it"three feet bi^gh. The provifioiis of the Otaheitans are chkfly hlh, pork, cc- coa-nu!s, brcaJ-fruit. ancl banan'«. Tlieir pork is excci-ding'iv delicious, and cntirelv free from that lui'eious richnefs \vhich mai.es it refill the ftomach (o fi!on in £u- rooe. The fat is faid to be little Ihort of nv:,rrew, and the lean to have the tender taltcof veal ; the pnr.cipd ca'ife of which leems to be the vc^tttaDlc (ikt they are lifed m O T R fuccl ro. BsHdcs, tluv mc much cleanlier tlwn the Kiiropean lio,;s, and tiave not t\ici.- ciiilom <'t wallowing in the mire. Thcv .ne '.f the fii.:;li hreai, which is commonly c 'led rht Chincl.:, and have the pendulous ears fit our .. Tht nr.tivcs em- ploy Ifcii-water as a fauce both to hfl. and pork. A proof of liic Cccmiry in which ihey live, anpcars in this, ih.it (her l^'^""" are left tntirolv open, without either doors or bars. Nothins; can exceed ti.eir agility in CwMT-min'/, divini;, ;ind chiiibing trees. Mr. Forller is lavifii in his prailes of the centlenef, good.n:inirc, and hofpitaii:y ot this people ; ^nd aUo of the beauty, ile- pance, and gricefultieCs of the air.features and perfons of many of them, elpccially ot the better Ibrt. the hirtorv of Omai, a native of this i(lant VeiiKo ; on ths R. by tl'c IL. fame gulf; and on the S. and U . by a ereat hay, which is between that and the Balilicata. It Is a mountainous tountrv, abounding in -lives, ligs, and wme ; and there is a kind of Ipider called a tarantula, wliole b>ve is v.:noinous, and cannot oe cured but bv the found of mutual initru- meins, to which the patients dance. It is of, en .'ifited by locufis, and by the Alge- rine pirates, who crry ail die peop..; they catch into ilavery . But, .0 keqi them < ft, t'.ey have buiit a number ot foits on the coaft. Tlie capital is of the l.v.ne name. Otranto, a CUV of the kingdom of Maples, capita of Terra .i'Ot.duto wi.h a cmm-dioiis harb.ur, an aiciib.ni.ps fee-, ai,d a (truo- citadel, whue the urcWn- Jhop refides. Jt vMStal;.u, lu 14S0, by Me Turks, who did a gre«i deal ( t mih;hitt, but it lias r.nct been leitortd. It has ,Ub fuffercd greatly by 'l.e pirates. It is a large hundfon.e place, ami is leated on lUe g,ulf of Venice, 37 m\ki b. li. ot l?rindici, and 60 S. E. of Tarento. Lo«. iS. ?!;. E. lat. 40. lo. N. Oriucoi.i, a town of Italy, m the territory of ihe Church and duchy of Spoletto, feated on a bill, two miles troivi the river Tiber, and 3* N. of Rome. Lon. 11. 2^ R- lat. 41- i6.N. 1 Oit; ry, or Oitki.y St. Mart, Devon ihire, witii a market on Jt is feated on the fm,.U liver miles E. i>f Exeter, and i''* of London. Lon. 5. iS.W. Otton-a, or Ortova, an epitcopai town of the kingdom ot Naples. It is thin of people, and feated on the gulf of \ f- nicc, 10 miles N. of Lanciano, and 4} E. of Aquileia. Lon. 14. 50. E. lat. 41. OrrFNWAi.n, a fmall tcrniory of Germany, in the palatinate ot the Rhine, between the rivers Maine and Neckar, and on the confines of Franconia, and of the eleftorate of Mentz. ■' Oi'DE, a r.nibah or province of Hin- dooftan Pror.er, Ibbjta to a nabob, whole dominions lie on b> th fides of the Gange.^, occupyin? (with the exception ot the dil- triftof Rampoui) all the flat country be- tween that river and the northern moun- tains, as well as (he principal p»rt of that fertile traft, lying between the Ganges and 1 umna: known \w the name of Dooae-, to within 40 miUs of the city of DcBii. The dinvulions of Oude and its depend- encies are eliinrated at 560 miles in lengtn from E. to W. and in breidth from i i» tn iSo. The nabob is in alliance with the Bntilli ; and a brigade of the Bengal army is cunllantly tlationed on his welteru fron- tier; whicli anfwerb the purpolc of cover- ing Oude ;is well as Bengal, and ot keep- im; the Weitern dates in awe ; and, m conf.deration of this, the nabob pays to the Enghlh an annual fubfidy of 4iO,oCJi. His capital is Lucknow. * Of lit, an ancient city ofHindooftan Proper, in the foubah of Oude, the re- mains of which are feated on the Ganges, nearly adjoining Fvzac.ad. It 's iaM to li.ive been the hrft imperial city ot Hin- ftoollan, and to have been built by tlieir hero Krilbcn. In colonel Dow s traal- Utionof Fentlba'shiftorv, it is mention- ed, as the capital of a great kingdom, ,if,<, years before the Chr;ftian era; and it IS ireuuentiy mentioned in the Ma.ia- beret, the famous Hindoo work in Sanlcnt (the learned language of the Rramuis; under the name ot Adjudiah. But whai- cver may ha\c been us former -siagniu- ccnce, no traces of il are left. I: is con- fide red O U D d 60 S. E. of Tarento. Lo«. ;lt. 40. lO. N. I.I, a town of Italy, in the ilie Church and duchy of stcd on 3 hill, t'vo miles from ribcr. and 3* N. of Rome. |. R. lat. 41- i6.N. RY, pr Oi TKKY St. Mary, :)evonlhire, with .1 market on Jt is featcd on the lm,-.U livcr miles F. (>f KN'jtcr, and t'^s iif London. Lon. 5. is.W. N. \, or Or TON A, an fpifcopil ;kintfdomot Naples. It is thin and (eated on the gulf <'f Vt- liles N. of Lanciano, and 4J ileia. Lon. 14. 50. E. lat. 41. WAi.n, a fuiall territory of in the pakitinite of the Rhine, he rivers Maine and Neckar, : confines of Franconia, and of ate of Mcntz. E, a fnibah or province of Hin- roper, fid.jiif to a nabob, whole lie on bv- th fides of the Gangi-s, (with the exception of the dil- impoui) a'ii tiic tlat country be- lt river and the northern uioun- ^■cH as (he principal part of that a, lying between the Ganges a' known bv the name of Dooab, 40 mills of th<; city of DcHii. iifuins of Oude and its dcpcnd- cltinrated at 360 miles in length „ W.andin breadth from i jO "he nabob is in alliance with the ind a brigade of tlu; Bengal army tW tlationed on his wcrteru fron- cli anl'wers the purpofe ofcovir- ;is well as lienijal, and of keep- Weltern ftaies in awe ; and, in ion of this, the nabob pays to the an annual fuufidy of 420,00.1. ;il is Lucknow. KK, an ancient city of Hindooftaii in the foubah of Oude, the re- which are ftatcd on the Ganges, djoininj; Fvzaoad. It 's laM to n the hrft imperial city of Hin- and to have been hmit by tlicir lilhcn. In colonel Dow's tranl- Fcntlha'shiftorv, it is mention- he capital of a great kingdom, ,rs before the Chr;ftian era ; and Liuently mentioned in the Ma.ia- ic famous Hindoo work in Sanicnt Avned language of the Rramms; c name of Adjudiah. But whai- ly have been us former iiagniii- >o tracci of ii are kfc. It is co"- fidered DUN fidcred as a p!^-.ce of fanftitv ; and the >lindoos frequently come hither, ni pu- i'rima);e, fpnn all quarters ot i adia. (M'liKNARiJ, a rich and itionr town ..f Aiilttian Flaiulers, in the middle of >vhich is a conhduabic fort. The river Stheld runsthroui.!uhis place and itsenvi- ron-;. Tiiev have a m ...ura'^ory of very fine linen and of curious tape^ry. This town was befitiied by tiie Frenci. U) 170:*. hut thcv were ol>liged to raile the liege by the duke of Marlborough, who enurely r.uted their arniv, and took. 5000 prlfon- eio. k is 11 miles S. of Ghent, i .^ N. h. of Tournav, and 17 W. of Biuflels. Lou. 3. 49- K- l"f- SO- 5'- N. OLuENBi'Rt;, a toan of Aultnan Flanders, eiiiht miles S. F.. of Oftend. and 10 \V. of Bruges. Lon. 3. o. E. lat. 51. 0. N. * Oui)ii>ouR. See Cheitouf,. OvKKt i.Ai-KE, ?.n illand of the United Provinci-s, in Hoiiand, l)ing at the mouih O W H fnme church and a frcefcbool. [t is s« iril/os N. F.of Noraumipton, and S; N. by W. of London. Lon. v. 4'.. W. lat, 5*. 26. N. OUKF.M, a town of Portugal, in Eltra- iTiidura, withncallle, on a m Hintain, be. tw een the rivers Leira and Tomar. Lon. 7. 40. W. lat. 39. 3.J. N. O'.Mtifj^i'K, a town of Portu!r.il, m Alcntejo, fem?.ikable for a viftory obtain- ed bv Alphouro, king of PortuRal. over tire Mooriih kings, in iiv)- The h.ads of thcfe five kings are the arms of Por- tugal. It r, v.^niles S. K. of Lilbon. Lon. S. 49. VV. lat. •5S. 2f.. N. » OusK, a river of Suirex, nf.ng from two branrhes, one of which has its fpring in St. Leonard's Foreft, near the fourct of the Arun ; tiie other, in the foreft of I Worth ; but they foon unite to the S. b Lewes, and emer'ing the Englilh Channe I Meiifaiid IS the prineipa of the Maele town. A n ■ OvF.uyscHK, a town of Aullrian Brabant, feated on the river Yfclie, fix milts N. E. of BruffLls, and nine S. \y. of Louvain. Lon. 4. 30. E.lat. 50. 53. >•'. OvKKVssKi., one of the feven United Provinces, bounded on the E. by the hi- lliopric of Munftcr ; - i^- OvitDO, a town of Spain, capital of Afturia d'Oviedo, with a biihop's fee, and a univerfity ; feated at the confluence of thcOve and Dcva, which form the Afta, 50 miles N. W. of Leon, and 208 N.W. of Madrid. Lon. 5. 44. W. lat. 43.25.^. Oui.z, a town of Piedmont, ii miles VV. of Sufa. Lon. 6. 46. E. lat. 45. to. N. OuNri.F, a town of Northftmp'.on- fliire, with a market on Saturday. It is feated on the river Nen, over which arc twobi-idgci. It is well built, and has a haniJ- Oufe forms the harbcur of New- I'.ivcn. OtJSF., GuiAT, a river which n.cs mar Brack Lv, in Northamptondiire, and watersBuikinghain, Stony Stratford, Ncw- port-Pagnel, Olnev, and Bedford, where it is navm '.hie. Thence it proceeds to St. Neots, Ihunirgdon, St. Ives, lily, and Lynn, below which town it enters the LincclnlHitc \Va!h. * Oisr, L1TTI.F, a river, which rifes in the S. part of Norfolk, and dividing' thatcoun-v from Suft'olk, as it flows weft- ward, becomes navi'-able at Thetford, and falls afterward into the Great Oufe. Olse, NonTnFU>f, a river of York- lldre. the parents of which arc the Urc and Swali', rHing near each other in the romantic tradt, called llichmondfliire. Thefe, after colleaing all the rills from this mountainous region, unite at Ald- hornusih, and thence fake the name of the Oufi:,"which now forms a large river. Ii: flows through York, where it is naviMble; for confiderabie vcfli"c!s and afterward re- ceiving the Wharf from the N. W. the Derwent from the N. E. and the Aire, formed bv the united Aire and Calder, from the VV. and joined near its termina- tion in the Oufe by the Dnii from ths S. W. it falls into the Humbcr. ' OwiiitRA, or OvEiKo, a town ijnd territory of Africa, in the kingdom of Benin, in Guinea. The air is unwhole- fomc, and the foil dry and lean ; however, there are feveral kinds of fruits, fuch as bananas and cocoa-nuts. The inhabit- ants are well made, and are all marked with three incifions, one on the forehead, and one on each temple. Lon. 6. o. E. lat. 6. o. N. , , rt. OwHVHtE, tl.e-eaftornmoft and urgelt Kk of «**'!ifc>«l<3**?*«»-* O X F of the SnnUvich Illnn.fs, in tl\e N. Paci- fic Oce:in. Irs U'lij^tb, frv O X F han ten years after a copy »f Inftirutes hnd been found in the reign of Henry III. there to be 1 5,000 fcholar';, if they lat name, the fole objeft with ig only to rend and write, ; greatift number attained to nd the mod lear"ed acquired Latin and wt.rfe logic. Here lcg«s, and five halin, fcveral of nrf in thf ftrect-, nnd i;ive the • of niagnificenre. Tiie colleges ded with fiifficitnt revenues for enance of a niafter, fcHows, and In the halls, the lludents live, o!ly, orin part, at their own cx- Thc colleges are, Univc.fiiy. Itrton, F.XL'trr, Oriel, QuB«n's, ncoln. All Si'uls, Magdalen, Bra- , Corpus Chritli. Chnft Church, Sr. J'lhn Baptift's, Jel'us, Wad- mbroke, Worccftcr, and Hert- f ilicle the moll ancient is the ry College, founded before the , Queen's College is a beautiful modern architctturc, which rc- the palace of Luxemburg at s W. wing was dellroyed by fire, ;r iS, 1778. New College has a dF which it is fufficicnt praife to ; it yields only to King's College n Cambridge. To Chrift Church begun by C;irdinal VVolfey, and bv'llenrv VJII. belongs the ca- The halls are Alban, Edmund, ry's, New Inn, and St. Mary sn. Among the libraries in the ly, the moli diftinguilhed is the 1, founded by fir Thomai Bodley ; All S<:uls College, Chrift Church, !, New College, St. John's, Exeter, rpus Chrirti. Among other pub- lings, are the Theatre, the Aftimo- lufeum, the Clarendon Printing the Radcliffc Infirmary, and a ifervatory. In ihort, if it be taken ler, there is not fuch another )f buildings, nor fuch another uni- in the worlds which all traveliers ave fcen it confels. Magdalea , befide the beauty of its architec- las this fingularity, that more than it is on dry ground, and the re(*. two fmall ftripcs of the Chetweil : dge is fiiO feet long. At Oxfor^l, ohn, compelled by his barons, fum- a parliament to meet, in 1258 ;th; dings of which were fo dilurderly, was generally known afterward » •' ime "of " the mad parliament.' Henry VIII. fuppreflfcd the in > cs, among the new biihoprics whieh n ercdted, was that of Oxford, whicii has Ufubfiftcd everfuKc. Charles I. alTem led a parliament u^hisCN', .n .fi»v iequenceof .hepla,uethenr.^.n.;. London ; and, m. 644. he 1um.n..neduJi 0' he .nembers of both houles as were de • L^^%o his int.refts:the(e were ec^^^^^^^^^ from 'he parliament then 1-.ttuv^ ,.t W e Ser Tins city was rem.rkHoly dU- durine the whole civil war; ani, it buni, the head quarters of the royal .nnv, mar.y country; in one of which, atU.a!/, a^e- field. near Wathngton. >4""l«- "f 6xfc;rd,in the v"r .64;. J'^'^ «- 'j den, the inflexible patnut, loll hi. Ute. Oxordis governed uy a mavor anu a.- Smen, dependent on the f "- '-.^^^.^^ v^.chincellor oi the unvverhty. I Und *r members to V-^-''^r'XluVll univerfuv nnd two for the city. It .^ ^0 miles S. W. of Buckmghim. 4« 5>- ^^ ; "^ Eldford, and =8 W. bv N or London, Lon. 1. to.VV.lat. 5'-45-f^- , ^^ . „j OXFORDSHIRE, a countv of En.yand, boLedon vheE. by BvKiinghamure, on the \V. by Glouceftertl.ir. , on t.i. b. rvBe^klbirefand on the N. by Warwick (hue nnd Northampton hue. L> eA.rt , e length is 4» niil<-'s i «'» f^'^T ie^ It contains .4 hundreds, one cty. 'z market towns, and ..So n.vinics, and fends nine members to F'-l'*'^7\- , ''" «iris fweet, mild, pl'^^^r-^.'vTnU in coni The foil, though various, is fernU, in orn and crafs. The fouthern part or the c unty, cfpecially on the borders ol I3uek- bgh7mihi?e, is /hilly and woody country havine a continuation of the Chi.cern •Hi Lining through it. The nor h- .veftern part is alfo ^^^'^^f'^^JT^^J^l' The middle is, in general, a rich countr , watered bv numerous i^reams, rt nn g from N. to S. and terminating n the Thame5. Of thefe, the molt conhat.'^.-- are the Windruft, E.enlode, Cherwell, and Tame. The latter, ahhough an m- tonfiderable rivulet, has obtained lorn importance from haA;ing been '"PP-^'^^ \' give natne to the Tjiarn"' '"'tm amk' fiows above Walllngford. See ^"^^ '^,- The produfts of Oxfordflure are chicdy thole common to the midland farm ng counties. Its hills yield ochre, pipc-elay, »nd other earths, ufeful for various pur- pofes. Corn and malt are ':«";'-y^^ from it, bv the Thames, to the lUet o- poli,. Good cheele is madu- m the wrazing parts. The grcateft want m this Lunty is that of f >.el ; for the woods wMth wcich it ones ;.jounded, beui- £rcat.y dimlniilied, it is ncccffary to fupplv the dc'.icicncy ot tire wo-d with IcA-coal, bi-uughc bv a lung and troubleio ne n.ivi- •■jiion from L.'od'.)!!. The j mdion ,of the Thanv.'S with the Trent and M.r'.ev, bv the coial from rii-.uinl\on 10 HiiupMni (;,iv, and by anoih.r ciual (fvr whicn .1:1 tM ci pariKoueut wj.s obt.iined in 17.1.O from Hr,'unft»n to Bi.nitord, ^^iil 'i'e.uly r.mcdv thi» inconvenience. The molt e.,nl'idtiaMc foiell now rem linnii; in Ox- firaihire 1:. th.ir rf Witch'wood, between J5uif.rd and Cha-llnuv. With refped to uianufaaures.the town of Witney, in thi* countv, istamouii for b!ar.kc!s. , 0/-Wii'/i^', * town ot l.itiit' Poiand, iVited on the river Wouchfel. The hou'.cs arc built ot wood ; and the town is covered on one tide by a gre.u iiv.r.i's. and on the ether dcteudcd t^y a calvL-, whole walls are CoW. of wood. It is U "o'^"' \V. of Cra- Lua. 19. 10. L. lac. 30. 10, M. :^f^V.'J P ACEM, a town of the id.md of Su- "m-itra, in the E. India's. Lon. 97* 1;. K. lat. s- o- !>'• „ . Pacha^mac, a valley of S. AmTici, in Peru, celebr.ited tor a m.ii^n-^cenC temple, bu.it by the Incas ot Pe: •., in which the Spaniards, when they eon. quered Peru, found iminenle riches. It is 10 miles S. of Lima. ,t r Pvoiicu, a fmall irt.'.nd in the Mcdi- verrauean, nrir the a.all of Arta.m Eu- ropean Turkey. It lies to the b. ot C riu, and 10 the W. of tlie gult ot Ar.u. It is fubje6f toVeniee. ■, , ,, 4 PACIFIC OCLA.N', othcrwife c.:!:d thi South Si a, lying bet.vecn Af.a and America, and upward ..f .o.oco miles m breadth. When Mi^elUn entered thiJ ocean through the dari'er uvs Itrait that bears his nunc, he laud three niouths and 20 davs in a unitor.u direction to- ward the N. W. without 'l';:;^venng hnd. In the extreme diftreli which he fuher d in this voyage, befwe he dilcovered tUe Ladrone Illaivls, he had the conlo.ation, however, of enj-^ying fu:han unTiterropt- cd courlc of fair weather, with larouraoic winds, ibit he bcftowed on tins ocean t;w name of Pa^ijic, which it ft.U retains The Spaniards having palTed the iflauius of Dar.en. from i-l to S. at the hrfl d:l- coverv of this ocean, n.imed it the Sr„uU 3ea, khhough, with rcfpeft to Americi. it i. more properly the weftern o.-Mn. On one f.de of the equator, it is cai.ed the M. Fricitir. Ocean ; and, on th« oilier, :iu.S.F.cillcOcea,^^^ Pa.V, PAD P.vrv, an ancient tmvn of Fiance, In tlic (kpirtnu-nt of Eurc arid 1 itu prov,ncc of Nonnanclv, fcatcd im the river Eiiru, eighr miles S. by K. of Vernon. Lon. i. 41"". K. lar. 4^. 5's.N. Padanc, a fuap.irt on tlic W. co:i(l of the idand of Sumarra, in the F. Jndits. It ii in li.e pulfciTion of the Duich. L-n. 99. 4f>. E. lat.o. 50. S. *■ Paddincton, a vilLii^o of Mitldlc- fex, which lies W. by N. of Lomlnn. It is, indeed, c('nti,i;ii>'us to the mctrop Hi'i, and yet the parifh eoutains nunv fcciuel- t«red Ipots that arc beautifully rural. Tlie cluirch is a new firuthirf, creded in 17()0, in a i'.ngularly plcafiny; ftyle. Pa I) 1; a HORN', an ancniit, p'ipulovis, snd large town of C.TiTiany, in Wtlipha- lia, capital of a !'mall biOiopric. It lakes its name fnni the rivulet Pader, which rifes under the high altr-.r of tlie cathedral. It has a celr.'brated uiiiverlity, and is 37 iTiiits S. VV. of Minden, and j.3 E. S. E. cf Munftcr. Lou. 8. 55. E. Ut. 51. 46. N. PAHKunouN, a bifhopric of Germany, in the circle of VVellph dia. It is about 31 miles in leni;th, and ao in bre.idrh. la the midJ'c of it are hij^h mountains, con- taining iron mines ; but the reft of tlie c-'untry is fertile in corn and paftures. It is iiiofl remarkable for its bacon iin.l venilbn. r A I) RON', a town of Spain, in Galici.i, ftated on the river Uila, n miles S. of Conpolklla. Ltn. S. 17. W. lat. 4:. 40. N. PAnn'ow, n town In Cornwall, with a market on Saturday, it is fcated on the N. coaft )u ers Brenta and Baehighone, in a fine and is about I'even miles in cir- .-ence, 20 miles S. E. of Vicen/.?., 2; N. of Rome, Lon. i*. i. £■ . 21..N. DUASO, a province of Italy, in the TV of Venice, bounded on the E. by jgado, on the S. bv the Polcfin.j I'i o, on the \V. by the Veronelc, and e N. by the Vicentino. Its ioii is vatcred, and ii. one of the moft ter- a Italy. It is about 40 miles in and 3 5 ill breadth. Padua is the | fAEF&y- P A t pAFPFN-HOFrts, a town of Frnnce, ,n tlie departn^ent of Lower Ri.ne and Utc nrounce of Alhue, fcalcd on lliede- ci.vity of « motmtam, near the nver Moticr. ft is eight miles \/. of Hague- nan. Lon. 7-3'^-K'l''J--^^-f-^,; Pa(.(>, an iliind 111 the tulf "t \<.'<\cl, foraiatcd from Dalmntia bv a nurro^^• Itra.t, ,,;dfubie.HtotheVenen,ms.ll.ea.risvc- ,V old: and the foil barren; h«t it is well ,Kopled, and contains lalt.worV.v. _ ' PAIMliOKLK.afeHp.rt o{ 1 1 rue, in the ^ny,.rtment of Lower Loire and lue pro- vii.ccot Hritannv, at tiie n.ou'.n o the viver Loire. Hence ail the tlups belong- in,, to Nantes take tiair departure, and hea- thev anch'X" on rluir auT.al. At thehegim.inirofihiscenrurv-, .twasony avilhi'-e. Iris 20 miles W. of ^,.nte». I'Atssw.CK, 1 town of Glouceder- n,i,„ v^ith a market on 1 uelday. It h:„ a m.nufaaory of whAc cloths fo, LanT:v, and for the 1 i-dia and 1 nrkey ,ndc ; and hence is brought a !>onc, re in;uk :,bit for its beauty and neatneis, for tlie pavement of floors. Pair.lwirk lies to hi.h, as every way to command extenl.ve views over a vale of v.ll nd.iels and va- rarv. of the windings o. the Severn, Mal- vevnHil!s,andpansoft;ecoum^cs:.tS:dop, Htretord.and Monmoiiih. It is torn nules S F.. of Glouceiier, -■■■' '■■" ^^ ■ '^^ iN. .1 101 W. by N. Lon. W. laC uf London "''paisi i-Y, a large nianiifaaiiring town ofRenfrewfnireinScoiUnd It contains f.veral broad and regular flreets, which bve names rielenptive ot the various em. plosments of the inhaliams ; k.cu as Silk Street, Cotton & " ^•'. .'i'^^^'^^'^Ji^''.'. i\c. ,1 in wdiich are many gond Iviole The nrmcipa! manuiaftures a-e in (ilk and ;hr.adgau/,e; and the P .-d!cy ^au/es are fobcauti'uU that thev hive been dalp.aycd at court in the bit ihday drei'.cs. Ihcex- renfivectton works CT^iMoy not only num- hers of women, but even of verv voung tirls. Soni»-nf tiie princip l,'.re, w a hianufathirers ■ho have become opulent, have bmit eie.ar.t houfes ; and an idea of their great (V.c'cefs mayl.efoimedfr.m tljis circum- ftanre, that thev have Ixen kKown to pay tn the people thev employ ^co . a week. '^ A f,.rtlle country/' obteivc^ a late writer, "chrap labour, a fober and ftcadv people, abundance "f coal, ami wa'er-carrm?e, were circumltances that firft invited Kng- iirti manufaaurers to fettle in this country ; ard the jiirtnefs of their views has been fullv evinced by the moll profpemus uc- rcf'^." The mngnifictnt abbey, for whicfi j'aillcy was once noted, li now partly in PA L ruins ; hut there is a chnptr entire, which i Itiil ufcd a, tile family burial place ot the inarqi is of Abercorn. This chapel is ta- nioui for a furprifing echo : the flap of a door produces the eiTeft of thunder: and a melodious tune delights the ear withthe i(lea of celertial harmony. P.ddey is luj)- pol'ed to contain about one thud ■ f the luimber of the inhaiiitants of G'.algow j I at it Hands on nearly as much ground. ]i is fix miles W. of ilwt city. Lon. .}. zo. W. lat. ^s- i'-'^- Paha, a Ceaport of S. Amenca, in Piru, and in the audience of Quito, with an excellent harbour. It has frequently been plundeixd by the I?ucc>neers ; and it was taken, in 17 + 1. bv commodore Anion, who plur.dered and burnt it, becaulc the governor refilled to ranfum it. Lon. Si. 7.1. W.lat. 6. 12. S. , n. c Pa IX, Po:'.T, aiov.non the N. coaft or the inlnd of St. Uoming.), in the \V. la- dies. It was buiU bv the French, to whom i- IS fubjett, and'h.s a go.,d harbour. Lon. 72. ^;. W.lat, ly. ^H.N. _ Pai-aiios, a town of Spain, in An- dalulia, 12 miles S. of Seville. Lon. 5. 14. W. lat. 37. lo. N. Pai ais, a town of France, capital ot tlie illand of P.elleine, off the coaft oi liieiagiie. It has a llrong ciiadtl, whictl hood alonghego airainft the KngluOi, tft I7(,i, and then lurreiidered on honjurabl'e tiriiis. It was rel'.ored by the peace of ,7.3. Lon. 7. ::. W. lat. 47. >'^^N. I'UAib, S r. a town and dtiliict ot Fiaiice, in ilie department of the Lower Pvrenees, which, with the town and Ull- tiift of St. John- Pied. de-Port, torm» neatly the whole of the iate province ot lower Xavaire, a iTiountainOus country, which produces fcarcclv liny thing but milirt, oais, and fruits of which they iiiaktt cider. This is onlv a very mouerate portK^n of the kit.-gdom of N''Vf'-c, wrefted, in 15".. f'om John 'i Ah'^tt. by Ferdinand king of Arragon and Cal- tilc. Tliis portion, lepoaieJ hum l^i'P'^L* Navarre by the Pyrenees, made part ot the kirgdom of France, having' been an- nexed t».itby Henry IV. who held itia ri jht of Mfelt-ther, Jeanne d Albrct. St, piid. isitated on the river Bidoufe, 1$ miles S. E.of Bavonne. Lon. 1. 4' W. lat. 43.21. N. See NaVakKK. Palampoavc;, or ^Palamhano a town of the illni.l of Java. "P'"' ^'^ » kingdom ; feated at the E. end of the liland, on {he ftraits of Bally. Lon. 114. o. E. lat. 7. 10- S. „ » PALAMCOTTA, or T IN F. V K L I.Y, a town of- the peninfula of Hindccftan in tbt Caruatic. Ic is 40 > miles S. V/. by Kk3 »^o» PAL ft. of Madras. Lon. n- 54- E.bt. 8. ''^■jv!', AMOS, aflrnn^ f^rnrt of Spain, IruL N. E. ..f B.xcclc.na. Lon. t. ,/. .,^.c'..c,Jb>i. I'nnlc: >J.of Sn.vuill river. Lon. 33- *'•!•- '^'- 3^' "p^uvr.KATE or THF ^-;^',^ - dcflontcoKiurmany..nthec.;c...> .. and laK«- / '^ f ,j, ,,.,,, with France, "^ ;ai ;: pi- of Gcrn,a.y,uc !o'^i;e.S.W. of Burgos, andt^oN.l,^ *°P^LVKMO, .n ancicnr, r\ch. and beau- tlfuU-.y..fS.cA.in h^ya ^ !;'""1."nhu£t"^;mldbyhi,hand hatniM .,iin.,atr.. .u. country that ^' 'r::fih;'nch k i nu.ft .j^i'i^^^f"' ,s on..' of the re ,^hole sppeanng fP'^^^'^c'*^' ,::^.;. filled svuhfruaii^s a ni£ ■■llftLtUl l» AL of every fpccic», and watered by dear ? unS an^d rivukts, th.U form, a variety winding, tbrouph this cham'.ng pla-n. well .IS fr im the richntU of the foil, 1 a- Tr 1 h" had many Dattering cp.thas lie- ft. wed upon It. panicuU.ly by ,bc ^^c*s, wlio havt iiLn..minatcdit the Conca d Oro, h GoU^n Shell, winch .. at once ex- pvefiWc borh of it. fituation ^^^ SSo'.rcTi^.matcdhyMrB.g.ne. , .r 000. Two ^,veHt ftrccts iniei Utt ticl o;ieMntheccMVcoftheaty.wher.t^c/ f,,.„, a han.nV.ni. Iquare, called the O n-ol,, a^-rned w.iU elegant u.>fo,m U ia.. From the eenrre ol tlju K,iu.. b ' n%he whole of thele noble luu- , \rU ^ni-r "-eat V-ittj ot the city whica '" ,r,h,fm Thele i-aies are each ^t he " ance ot about h.lt u mue. the d a- m te of tlic city being no more than a S. Th.v areeleg:ntpuce-.ota,cu- uAur. luhly adc-.ncu; particulaily, t.e P^ANuovafandPoiuFeUce term;..- ,,,.,e,<..ilreet«.^dtheC^,U,^.K,.: Sr?;^^rr^U±, a delightful iX'-t conftitute. one of the ,rca plcalures of the nobiluy of Palermo Lon one fide the wall of the cuy, ...d on the other .he fea, whence there .s » • w. ' an agreeable breeze. In the ce tr. of he Mar.no i. an elegant kind of tcr,.- pe which, in the fummcr, ts made u e a S an orchcftra. The concert does not be- ; ntiU the clock ftrikes ^f ":&'']. ^ ' ^vhich -.ime the wal'v U crowded wu he. - riapek and people on foot ; and the bcU.r r. favour plealure and intrigue, there i. an odc;ti.at'noperfon. of whatever quahu ' h^e ■ he lerv^nts wait for the return u . rarrnues ; and the company gentr,..ly ^^hoar or two together in utter con'inue an nour or iwu » & Z'-nels except when the mtrading mo.n "iTer^bo^i wo:l";tnorning. Many o thVel urehe. of Pakrnio arc very r,u, 1 ,-,.rnificcnt. The cathedral is a ba :n3^^^0^'thicltruaure,(i.ppc.u 1 wuf'n b^' 80 columns of onenta gianu , :^:f:iivS;d into a great nut^rof^l--;' ^larjbox of filver. curioufly ^r<^^ and tr.richcd with prtciou. ilones. ^^^^^J pal; IfpccicK, and waterecl by clear liul rivulet!., thai form a variety :' thrniiph this charming platii. fni'ularuy of its fituation, aj 111 the riclintfs of the foil, Pa- ha.l many Mattering epithets hc- lioii It, panicula.ly by ihc poets, • iluK.ininatcdit the Conca d Oro, li-n Sliell, which it at or.cc ex- l)iifh of iti fituatiun and richncfs. |lcewirc becu ftyltd Aarca Valle, :cili,T, Sic. Tilt inhabitants it [arc trtimjttd liy Mr. B.ydone at I Twii jijcHt (Irttis intcrltd c:uii I the cciitrt ot lia'city, where thty li.nitUc.mL- Iqiiare, called the Oi- aiirned wiili ile^ant ui iform . From the tenrre of tlii. fi.|iu.u Ithe wlioje of thtfc noble line", I four great gatcj of tlic citv uhin He ihem. Thele gaus are each nt incf o! abtnu hah a mile, the d:a- bf the city i)eing nu more than a iThfv are elej;:-nt pieces of aiciii. iklily a;!i-nico; particulaily tix- ■ ufvva, and Poiia Felice, ierm;r.at- \c t.Me..t Ureet tailed the C'.rlo. thst oni S. W. Hiid N. E, Tiie r> rt.-. opens to the Marino, a delightful thHt conftitutes one of tile gri.a! res of the iiobiliiy (if Palermo. It one fide the wall of the city, .-'nd other the fca, whence there is al- iin aiireeable breeze. In the centre : Marino is an elegant kind of tcrr.- ifhich, in the iummcr, is made ule lif orchcflra. The concert does not be- ill the clock ftrikes midnight ; at 1 time the walk is crov\ded wiih Car- and people on foot ; and tlie belter our picalure and intrigue, there is an tliat no perfon, of whatever quality, "ircfume io carry a light. The fl..;r- are extinguilhed at the Porta Felice, ; the lervants wait for the return if irriages ; and the company genera. !y me an hour or two together in utter i«!s, except when the intruding mcon i to ditturb tl-.em. The concert ii- about two in the morning. Many e churthei of Palermo arc very ric. lai^nificcnt. The cathedral is a l;irt;e cnerable Gothic ftrufture, fupporuj a by So columns of oriental granuf, vided into a great nuraber of cha;ic's, of which are extremely rich, pi.rti- I y that of St. Rololia, the patronelb p arc chilflrcn of li,i or liven years of age. On the (lipor are handfome i , ' ■, contaii.inij the b.dic. of perfoui if ur.! mrtion, the keys of which ,irc kept by ilur rcl itions. P.iiermo is (euted on the N. 'ul'; of the ill.iiid, ,it tlie b, near Venice, wh.ere the moil con- lidcrable of the nohilitv liave country houfes. The principal harbour hat. alio the fame name. Palu'ata, r. feaport of the peniiifuLi of Hindouflan, onthecoail o' Coronjandel. The Dutch have a factory here. It is 25 miles N, of Madras. Luu. ^i. 33. K. lat 13. 30. N. PaliiMIJL'm, the capital of a kingdom of the fame name, in the idand of Sumatra, in the E. Indies. It is featcd on the taflem coau, 120 mil'.s N. E. of Bencoolen, .„--,;-, „ ,,,.,,. K k 4 tt4 PAL PAL 8ml is fiibjift to ilu Dutch, .(mi. icj. 31. K. lat. 3, o. S. P.xli.isi.k's IsiAViJS, a .^cup of iflnnU'a ill the S. Pacific Oct^in, lyiiigin 1?. 33. S. lat. and 14O. 30. W. Ion. Pai.ma, .1 vown of lVitii;',.il, in Alcn- trj' , f' .itcd (,n the river Cmloan, 20 niiii> E.of St. Ubeu. Ion. 8. 40. W. Ut. 3S. 37. N. Palma, a town of S. America, iuTcr. ra i-irma, ami in thi. pi-iviiict nl Gianaila, 50 miles N. \V. of S:. I'l-dc-Big'jia. Lun. 73. 40. W. Kit. 4. 30. N. Pai. M \, one ot lilt Caiiiiy Iflcs, fitu- atcil in 17. 50. W. Ion. i'i, 37. N. lat, Pai.ma, iu- Pai. ma Nuova, a veiy ftronj town if Italy, in ilic territ.iry of Venice, and in Friuli. ir is a vtrv ini- portant place fur the all mixture of blackilh mould, which appeared to be produced from rotten vegetable^. " Notwithftanding this poor foil, "lays cap- tain Cook, " it is covered with a variety of trees and buflics. At one part of the reef, which looks into, or bonmls the lake that is within, there was a large bed of coral, rJinoft even with the (urfact, which af- forded, perhaps, one of the inoft encliant- ing proloefts, tiiat nature has any where produced. Its bale was fixed to the fhore, sue reached fo fiir in, that it could uot be fccn { fo that it fecmcd to be fufpcndci] la the water, which dct pi ned fo Irdil.nly, th.it, at liic diiiante ot u lew jard., there nii:|ht be i'lvtn or cighi fathoms. J'he fca, rtt 'iii. ti.oc, was ipiitc luir.ii'.lcd ; and the fun lliMiiiig blight, expofeil liie variv'tr. forts of cu.il 111 the nioit bcauiiHii nrder ; forac parts br iiichinj^ in.i' tl.c wixcr with j^re.it luxuriance ; othirs lying collictcd in rnunil hall,, and ir vanov'.i other figures ; ail wliid; were Kf' -'Iv hcij^'neneil by fpunglei. of the rulult loiours, that glowed from a number of large elanio, which u tie every uhere intcrlpti itd. But tiic ap- pearance of thel'e was Uiil inferior to that of tlie multitude-ot lllhe:, that glided gi-n% ly rdong. feeiuingly wiui the iiioli perftfi Itciiriiy. Tile colciursif tiic uilterent ibrt^ were the rook Icautiful that can be iina- gincd ; the veljow, blue, red, black, »x< far cxcttdini; any thing tiiat art ea'i j)ru- duce. Their vari.u'. fjiins, alf), ccitri- buted to increafe the riilincis of .1.1^ Cub. marine grotro, which couid n.jt be lurvtytd without a pleafnig tiaiilpini, iinxid, how- ever, with. rtgr. t, that a w(jrk I'o dupen- douliy eleg.'.nt lliould be ruiiccakd in a place where mankind ci^iild lelduni luivr an opportunity ol reiuleriiig the piiili, juftly due to (o tnehaii'ing a fcenc." VViiii relpcft to the aninial creatiuii, the nviii fingular that captain C'ok uinened, weu fomc l.'U'L'c ccls,beauufully fpoiied, wli;ch. when toil'i.ved, \e'-uld railt ihi.ink Ives f\,t of the water, and endcivuur, witli dp- :i mouth, to bre their purfiitrs. There wa'i alfo a brown-lpotted rock tilii, abnut the fize of a haddock, to tame, th:!r, inlh'ad of fwinmiing avvav, it would remain iixed, and ga/.e at tlitin. Had tjie-y been in ah- |ij!u;t want,, a lufficinit fupply miuhf i.ave been had; for tiiou;ands < f the elams al- ready nunticined, ftuckupon the reet, Ibiirj of which Weighed two or three pounds. Lon. 1 (■13. 23. W. lat. is. 0. S. P A i.M YK A, fonnerlv a ma^jnilicent citv of Aha, in the dtl'erts ot Ara.ia, of wiiieii Zenobhiwas queen, wiiolield it out a long tiineagainft the Rom, ms, but was at lenuih take'u captive, and led in triumph thn>ugh the ilretts ot Rome. The llupeiid.ius run., of this city were vifiied by ineliiturh\\\od and Dawkins, in i7-;i ; and Mr. .VV^iod puliliflied a fplendid account of thenv, illuf- trated by plates, in 17 v?- This place is likewife' called Tedmor in the Dti'.rr. The prefcnt inhabitants, confillmg of 50 or 40 families, have trefled their mud cottages within the fpacious court of a magnificent temple of tlic fun. Palmyra is 200 miles S. E. of Aleppo. Lon. 3!! 50. E. lat. 33. 20. N. •:•■ Palnauu, a Uiftrift of tk ptnin.-. PAL hat it ftcmcJ to be rufpcrKleil la , wliicli ilnpiileii lo lrclil..nly, c iliiiantc ot u lew )a(\l'., there I'lVtn ti.iiu, wjb ijiiitc iuir licij^'ii'.iicil by frlic rulul't colours, th.ii ^;!()\vliJ ,iribtr or iar^'v tlani», whitli u crc lerc intcrlpti itd. But tiie up- of tlitl'e wab Uiil inferior to tliat ItituJcot lilliL:, that glidttl j',enr- ItLUiinjjiy \viu\ ilit iiuili perftft 'J'liu cnkmrsd' tiio oiltcrciu liirtj niiilt i cautiful that can be iiiui- le vellow, blue, red, bl.iek, ixi- linu, any tluri; tiut iirt ea'i pro- 'hti.r vari.u'. funiis, alfo, ccitii- iiicrcafc the riihncls of il.i^ i'lih. •otto, which ciAiui n.jt be iurvtycil I pleafjiij; ti.iiilpini, iiiixid, l;o\v- Iv regr<.t, that a \v(jrk lo lUipen- ig.int .lliould be ruiiteakd in ,i lere niankif.tl cnuld leld'nii iiavc tunity oi rtiulering ilic piuli , ,' to (i) tnihan'ini; a fcenc." VV;;'; o the aniuul cri.atiuii, the mui\. hat capt;:in C''ok ohri.rs'C(l, wcu :c cclb,bea'.infully I'poiied, \vli;eh, o.ved, M.'-uld railt thi:n:rtlvt!. out atcr, and endcivuur, with op' ;i bi'C their purfiitrs. There was own-l"putitd ruck cilii, ab"Ut the haddock, to tame, th:!r, inlitad of i; away, it would runain iixeii, at them. Had tjiev been in ali- int, a lufficurit fiipiilv iniuli' i-'^e ; for triouiands if the clams .d- ntiontd, rtuckiipon the reet, loiuc 1 W'eijihed two or three pounds. . 15. W. lat. IS. S. S. lYK A, fonnerlv a tTiatinilicent citv in the dtl'erts of Ara.'ia, of wiiieii was queen, wiiolitld it cut a lor;; lift the Ropiiiiis, but was ar leiii;:'; .)tivc, and kJ in triumph thnau^li tb of Rome. The llupend.ius run.. ity were I'lhiedijy melheuriiW'vod .■kins, in i7;i ; and Mr. .U^]o(l d a fplendid account of thet'V, illuf- / plates, in 17;,?. This place is calk'd Tedmor in the Dti'-rr. ;r<;nt inhabitants, confilliog of 50 "aniilieii, have tredled their mud within the fpacious court of a :ent temple of t!ic fun. Palmyra nik-s S. E. of Aleppo. Lon. 3S 't. 33. 20. N. LNAUU, a Uiftrift of tk ptnin-. P A M TAN f.,l.iof 1 !in.i.r.nan, h< '-"I'ing «" '^'' ^•"■"^" ,ic.hutMu:-,.dto..-d.henvtr Ki.ina. »«iiu.V\' ,,Mhe (iunioor v-ii-f.T. "v,:. OS ..--•' ^i-"-'-^^'''''.h xvith R pretty ;.;'3<''l n .'-..our i r-na*. >• « lha»r,tiia. V for hem,' tl.<' I'l''^'' f^' "^ ^'■'''''' ^•"['""- S. U. of Seville. Un. r<. 30. ^\■ '■"• i,Alulx,a,te the S.o. a t.wn<^ ''-;-; „„„,. I, fip..,ait,thebayotC.. ;aii a tVom.hatoi .\ii.vnt.:cm,..sK otC.u^- ■AiOTA, a tovn of- r.ower Himi -ivv. i., ,;",';;ntvofAlhaR..ahs^.k->- 1, 43 awlu S. W. 01 liuda. L.n. li. o. ^■■'1'a"^i''i h,a f^amoti^ I'ke of Toiba !y- inv xu tlie S. of Uirs, ah-ut threi. d.ys iournev. Accwdiug to the Lama s tv,:.p, the middle of it is .-ne large lil'tul. I'n J W .loreofthis,flaMl.orc.u,gnic.-n, i,l„.Msanv.na^vv,amMheUato tic Lam-lia Turc.oann.nrtue Grr Ktc h rv. . in wlv m tho Th:betians t:,.-_v'''' \ ^ ,hvine fpint is re,./nerarcd. as .t 1. m tl.c JneatLama. The word i,.r;. Jp-f... pncft.or ndniftn- ot reh-.M >n. and L-'a-,,/. is ^ LimneofL-.ma. Th;.:l;.keM^M>aes S. ot the river S.mpi^> or B.n-rampomei. PAi,uuA,ato,vnot iurKcy in Ak,, I., theu^'vcrnment of Krzerum, ^a'^-;> '■^'"^ he Kuj.hrates. It is inhabited bv M. ho- nietans'and 'Jhrirtian.. The Armeman charadtcis, it i' fa,d, were invented be,.. p^Mfvi.vWA.ntowti of S. Arr.crifi.iB N.w \;r.in.Hla, f.o;*.nt^ for its lo.ncj <.t .,n{d, and nu.m-ro.n th.iks of lli-ep. It it ',';o iviles U'Tn Santa-Fe. Lon. 7«. 30- \V. lit. 6. 3'^. N. . r\N or I'AiiAN. a town of Ana, la ,l,e pcmnlula of Mdacca. It is the t- ..ii.de.f a kM,!;domof thefamcnmr re. Mt rl' .b'.c f"r the great number of tkoh..m., aiid f..r the pknty of pqjP^r " prr,di,cci. Pan AMA. :■ i'*:'' '"''' '^•'""'H'"* "'^*"» "» J of an auilience of the •U ,,,.„„,.„H.,wuUab.hops1c^e, who.^b,_- fl,opist^.ep^ma.:<'f^«y,■•'^V■'"^• V» .-trrounded by a fmne w.dl, atid other for- ti.icaiion,. ai.d the pu'.dic ''"■> '"f »« ve«V h=md'H!"e All the met Ji..mft c of Cili and r. ru is brought to ti 1. place, nnttulailv a 1 the Roul :,nd (over, and all [he con-,m..diiit. b.-oui;ht Uau P.uroise. 'Ihe (hi"s unloid at a (mall ill nid, three „„U.s from this place, beca^i^e the «atcr 1. r, li.allow itwidna.dimt t hem to c.-mc nearer. Ohl Panama was burnt by lir Hcmv Mort;.n, a buccaneer, and the pie- ic'it town i.f' ur mde, dilt,.iit trom n, aud Ins a mote xd^amajreotis fituaiion. It (lands on a br.v > f tin lan.c name. Lon. S-.. i^W. lat. 3, i-i-N. Pavaiu. one of ihe Lipan Tilmd:;, ly- jP.t. in the Tufc^n Sea. It is b irren, and vt'ry inconliderat,lf , being only live n-iles ,nc.cui..*a-en.... J, ,. ei.ht .o;le-n N. of Lipari. and ,0 N. - f Sicily -. fiibjea to the Kint! of tiie Two Sicilies. Lon. 15. 4'- 1^- '"'I'k'^s N v,'mi id n'l "f A''-'- ""<= ""^ ''"= Pl.dipnines, lyin.^ beiween iho'c of Para- i atid Ncuro. It is i-o macs in HOJ Lon. 39 2-. E. lit. 3S. 3- N. P -.Mil us, a hamhome'town of Prance, inthe'departmcP'ofArt-ie.eandla^cre.;- ntoryof Foix. wnh a biliiop s tec. it is n't Lc^nhderableasforn.erly, noru , peopled in propcrtion to its extent, ^i ar Krs is a mineral rprinK,la,d to cure tb Uutandobliruaions. The town is f.ated on the river Ariieee, e.^ht miles N.ofFolx,and3oS.otTot.loule. Lon. 1. 31. E. lat. 4V S-'N- , T- ;n Pampf.i.onnf, a town o France, m the department of Tarn and late province cfLanWd.c, .^"'ikstrom Ad)y. Lon. 2. 17.E. lat. 43- 43- N. cun^.fertnee'i'and i^^he moll popul. vis .and |,viile of them aU. It iif)or,,:5 tohpain, h watered bv a great number ot rivers and brooks, and producv- a great quantity of rice, lioila is the capital. * Pani'RAs, St. a vilhgn of Miildle- fex,ahukto theN.Vy. of Lor.!nn. It haT a church dedicated to bt. Pancras ; and t;,c churehvr.rd is remarkaole tor he- i,„ the prin.ip.a place of .nterinent for the R man catholics. At a public houfc, i;car the churchyard, is a medicinal (nnng. Here U an iK.fp.ral for inoculatrvti, depeii- dent on the fmallpox hofp;tal ar Clet-- kenwell. Here .h.o is the Veterniary Col- Icuo, a new ami h.v.;uhr mllitution in this 2. 17. ii. lat. 43- 43- N. . . , £.,f'ntrv,cftahhihed'"in I7T,. under the au- Pami«e.,l-sa, a loun of Spam, capital ^™,, y^^,„„, „f ,he fir!^ rank and for- of Upper Navarre, with a ftrong citadel, f^ces ^^ P-^ ,^j f„, ,1,, i„,ptovement .nda ichbiniopnc. U. if^^n.^^o\u^- -""^; ^,„j ,,,, ,,,.,„ncnt of cattle Madrid. Lon. i. 35- W. !«. 4^- 47- N. lent w..^^ ;^iSS>l>W«*«'' tonikcal tneatre,Hie m.....-" , "••- fcnt college is only u temporary bu ilding. Panoa, PAP PA!toA.al3rgffmvn..f Africa, in -l.e k;nr.l.molCunt;r.,capiulpfthcjm.v..Kc .pAM^n.ac<,u.,irv<'^H.nii\'>"- Lmlicsof the ln,!i,5. 1' ^^^" '";'^ '■'''; Vut'.l. of l.,Uo,r. aiKl a l"i..t p/.rt of Moultan Proper. To th. lower p-m of Mnultan it i^ Hat and mtrll.y. a-^'""- urdntcd, bkt Hen,..a», '.y ;n« pc^dic.-.l ,,i,-. ^sl.icli fall bawe.n May and Oc *"^-''i\\NNANACII WFIt.S, 9 vU V' rf Sco.iand. iu AI-.crdLrntl/.n.ntu't.cd -1 l-.t t below th. WAtcrf.ll c.lrd "'^^.1.0 Dec, in the vdlcyf I'l-nmau-k 's ro.ed for its n,bt.id waur.. vh.ch nrc ol n.urcc o.u.rry. A lod^e h.s been erf£kd for ihc accjDimrd .tion of the ron>. punv thnr fi.cV.cnt tlu. v\^cc in l.tmrna-. •• P \NNiruT,atown(t 1 .mil' oll.in i m- pfT,rauand.p:o,txurT.yc plain j.rtwf.n FheaticsofU.llanmlSnhu.d. 1 Iv.j pl^n. h cclcbrattd f.v an cbdmar. and M-. dy battle fouiiht.in .7A<, ^l";'"" ''" V.'"! "t • Joo.oco M.d>r.uas. and Ahdalbh h.n,c of Candabar, at the head nf , .^ ooo ^'^^"^^^■ tans wh.:n .he former wtrr ritfcnte.' . ib- v loft the flower of .heir army, vvnh .hcirl.'t.V. VcncraU; and frc^thi. peri. 'd .he.- p uvu- la, bcm ftnChlv on the d^ch.,-. PM-.mpnt "r,* mV.es N.W. of Delhi. Lon. 76. IS^ ^prsTA.,'iKr;,aninandin.heM.di- «rr:.ncan, be^-.vcen Sicily and .lu. ■ ont.ncnt of Afrlra. It -^ .-iboat 17 >n>U^^ "' '''•^■•""- fertncc -, lies near the co.lt of 1 U >r. ; and abound, in eott.n, f^r|.Ki, and wine ; Ld.cinhalnta,Kwreohh,^c.dtob,:ng d ,h,ir c^^rn v^ Sic.'y, i-^ .t bd< n,- to th" p A n kinij of Nap!'.!' Lon. M. I', li- la'- ?^'- ^^'a'-JCCO, a town and province of N. Amcriea, in New Spam, lynu; .o tju^ N • E r,f Mcx'co, rvilh a bifliop s Ice. 1 u e are veins of c:oW, and lah-wov,;s. vvh,.h are the principal revenue of the .nhamt- !r,r. It i'J fca-ed nc-it the mmitu of a *"vc;ofthera.T,enaa,e.atafmalld>ftance from the r.ulf of Mexico. Lon. 9^. 5. "^i>A-m>M°ore'of the Nov.- Hebrides, in thd S 7 iC'UC Ocean, to the S. of Mahcollo. LniT. ■■;<■ 3 5- W. lat. 16. 30. S. Pap x a '.mall b'Jt ikons; town of Lower J5vuv>r..y,in the county of Ve!prm. Jt v,'^s nKn from the Turks, >n .6«3, after ^K v.i-K'-f^hcfiegeoi Vienna t.s fnt.d on a mounrn.n. near the river M r- chahi, >o mile. 1^. W- ot Alba Recalls, md 4S W. of Uuda. Lon. 18. :o. E. lat. 47. zb. N. , PapuI'I, Sr. a t.wn of France, in the depnrtn.cnt of Auih and Ute i^ovince of L.'nruedoc ; feated on 'he river Lcmbe, ti/nt n.'.les K. of Caftihiaui>rv, and 3S S."'e. of Touloufe. Lon. 1. 10. b. lat. 43. 11. N. i'AiTKNHFiM, a town of Germany, 111 the c^relc of tranc-nia. c:-pital of a r^inty .,f the (.enc name, with a calth , where the counts rciide. Tl.e count of I'appenlieim i.. hirt.'itnrv marllnl of the empire, an.t pirr.rmshi^.iliee ,.t .he c ,ron uk-ii ot 1 he tin-ernr. Papp'nb. ini i- fe.Ued n. ir the ml. A!-mal.., m.'.e.N.W.otNeuhur^^, nnd ji S. .f Nuieiubiirj,. Lon. to. s". E, la'. A"'. '.'^- N. ..on I'aH I, a f rt of S. Amcricn, in Rrahl, fcfl.sd ne«r the month of the nver Am..- /-.n., aiv.lt" ;hL- K..f iV.e catu-rn br.mch „f ir. Lc.n. ;o. o. \V. l.it. 1.0. b. l>AP,^(0,ai.lrf^e in.ovl ot AI1.1. in th» Indian (leeui, ly.n- heiwten tl.e 1 hilip- nines .otd l; I'n.o.whicb hn.n km;-' tributary In U-i ne-. The Spariiaidi have a <'>-' h' re. PARAr.t;AV,alar;'er.,mntry of b. A- r„erir.,, >.,nmd.d on tie N. by Ama/onia, onthcH. by n.af.l.ontheS. byPat.i.'.- ni.^.andonihe VV.bvCluhanaPeru. It r..ntain. v.x provinces ; namely, Parit;iny Proper, Po-MM, G^iaria, Urajoiay, Tucu- uuin. -uul La I'lita, from winch the wh.te counti-v i^ alio called La Plata. t h' ' numerous likes and .Ivers. Ot .he latter, ,U three pnnc.pilare the Parp^'iriv. Uia- n„.v, and I'ar.na, tlie nni;ed flrcams ot 'whu:hf>-imin:ceiebr.'.rcdRio-de-la-PhNa. Theie rivers annually <,verflow their nanks ; and, on their r.c.f., leaNc them enrirlu 1 by nlllme, that renders the l-dextienur ftriile. This vail country is far from b^- ino wholly rubdued.orplan'tHl by the Sp.- niSrds ; many parts bein,' «•!• "f^^;-," to th.m, as well .as to every ether -Liuo- pean nati n. The principa P--"^'"" <' which we have any knowledge is that which is called La PUta, toward the moutU of the r ver of that name. This province, with all the adiacent parts, ,s one conu- n.ud i>Mn for fever.il hundred mi.es ; ex- ,un..iy fertile, and produnns cotton in ,,cata.uad,uKe,,obiceo andthevalua.., herb died Para-uav, wh-eh is peculiar to this counttv, and the infuUon ot which 1. drunk, in all the Spanifh provinces ot b. AmerKa,inrteadofrea. They have alo a vane.v of fridis, and very ncn pafture , but the country is deftltutc ot wooJ . The air is remarkably fweet and ferenc The Spii-.iards difcovered this country, Qy faihnir up ihc Rio-de-!a-Piata in .S><. ami founded the town of Buenos Ay.^^-, PAR '.ofBuda. I.nn. i8. lo. E. !«• I, Sr. a town nf France, in the n iif Autle Al\i\ Utc (itoviiicc of ,c ; Uati'l "" 't)* f'^"" I'«^"'''*> cs K. i>f Caftilur.iJ.rv, aiul ^x, loul'Hilc. L"n. 1. 10. K. lat.43. • NHFiM, a town of Ocrmany, 'm of Vranc^nia, capital <>f ^ f^wny nc naim, vvitliHcltli. where the ■ii^pp<'nhcim itr.rv tiiarllnl of the empire, an.l . hi'-iflitc u ihrc.ronwumot the . Papivnh. iin U IV.u.a n. ir tlie Mnal, IV n.i!c«N.\V.otNaihurt:, S ..f Nmtiol-uri,. Lull. to. s'- l>i. ;S. N. \ a f. tt of S. Aiiicrics, in Brafil, „',r th.c momh of the river Ani:i- i..l t'l the K. > t-' 'lie c^tHin lir-iuih Lon. ^0. o. W. l.it. 1. o. S. Af o, n l.irpe ilnvl nt Aha, in iJn Orc.ui, lym- huwi. n tlie Philip- 111 IVrnio.which In-.a l^in- tnhut.n y c'l. The Siisni^iiVi have ^ torr hi re. AGL'AV, a litr;'*' country of S. A- , iHHimUaontlcN. by Am.t/onni, E. by n.Hfil, on the S. hy Patai; .- donthe VV.bvChiiiiinaPeru. It 1^ r,x provinces ; namely, Parn^my • Po.MM,G,Kui;i, Urat;oay, Turu- iml La I'lua. from wliich the wh >lc V i^ alio called La Plata. t hai ou:. bke« and livers. Of (he latter, rce piincipilare the Parp-iKV, U«- ar.J Parana, the iiniicd flreains ot fcrminrccithr.UedRio-dc-la-Plat.n. Mivci-s annually ..verflow their nanks ; m their rccef., lca\e them enrichc 1 lime, that renders the r/il extiemeiy This val\ country i'- far '""''^ni ^•^' ■hoUy rubdued.orplan'edhy the Spa- s ; nnny parts beinj; ftiU unk-nnva .m, as well as to every ether l-iuo- nati-n. Tlie principal province oV ;-. we have any knowledge is that h is called La Plata, toward the moutli c r vcr of that name. This province, all the adiacent parts, is one coiui- ; i)l;Mn for fevenil hundred mi.es ; ex- ,.iy fertile, and produrin^ cotton m t ajuadance, tobacco, and the valua,..* , called Paraa;uav, Nvhich is pecn inr to c.ii.,aTidvery ncnpafttirc^i th.e country is deftitiitc ot wooJ . e air is remarkably fwcet and ferene. e SoiiniarHs dihovertd this country, tiy jnir'up the: Rio-de-!a-Piata in iS><. r founded the town of Buenos Ayre-, PAR p A It I .„,,... M«4.iK.ver.^^^ In ;^;^-t IM"«", » "'*, „f ,i,c ,-th centurv, f„,,„ "••'''■;•';/;•,,:..,: '[JMovcrned ,vere a num.ro • _^ j„,„, ,,,, reitor. and the r.h.r ', 'X' 'e'^''" '' '*'' ,„nk n t .. V to "'•'>^'-_P ,, ^.fwcihh , ,n make prnlelvt.s o . ,j„ church. lv,..o open i^ne»^^^^.^^^^j^^,^ '^^nrrf' eS.an'lhrv^nv.ri,iun. n' , ,,Iv '-.ft'.«= Lur.nKanv might that «\«''«\'-. „,,; cnu^elts. and «■ cnuiam.n.te "-'^ "^..^ ^h, mllii 'ns no ft,oytheg..;a. .tjfH .,„„Hd ,0 other Spaui.r.ls l......^ > V^ ..uns the court agreed , '"^ J* ,,„ tt,« ,w„ves, to a certain cjpiu'^ ;,, ,,,,H,r .,f andtoiomeoihuf pi^^^^^^^^ ciuic the Je- f' 'Z^c ,1".' -'urfvil addrcl. .nd fuits, bv the m. " „*• force, ai:qui'-ert '^^" 'Ic'kinl ot S^in cxcti'inged the „^7, ,he king ,.,trivciLra. coonits on ihe t.. 11"^'' ,,., ,,f St.Sacn- guayfor.hePortu^ne-ol^yot^ .^.^^^^ ^ent.wi/ichcauUdtha n r ^^^^^,.^,.^^ the boundary of tlu. '•^i' ^^ '' V,,,a an ,nl."rvf> m ot Z' ^l,.,^,.v chlciphnc, were -W>^'''T'r>^\*;:;S . uovernor. with (leteated by the ^P'" '. -Lj, ]„ ,-&7, ,H, lors of :ooo of tiu n k 1 d .^^^^^ S. C- y:l'ai^'s;aS'^.t of that vaa contritnt. ^ ^ ji^n,crica, in Pah »'nA. a town oi ■-'■ n"li». rint-'i i'"t pofU-Hi'^n ot it, m "3 , Um' " }j t, f.- I rininari ; t;ut toe f xvU-.a it With a flii;.' ' ran pa.i , I. r. rrtooV t oon alter, l 'n- •"'" ^'''''^''Inika'n produces fu.ar.canes. i„ -New CaftiW. ''-'"'? f-^'^'" *^*'*''''' ^v,.ha^^.-pa.kand.•.a..e.v-. ^^ PAHlN^o.a .uad >un -^ ,_,^. , Hria, *.thuln;. op. -.."'' '.^^^„ ^'•m.ic:iiv-- ^-'^•^"'^* "-rf^:"--.!^a"of"A.:it . lnu;d by Urcek. ud A b.nui ,._ ^^^_ ^^_ on a f'^'" ^""' f S Aniencin Terra Pinna, bound- 1 ,ry ot S An.er c » . ^^^ Mexico iO« ,,, I, .ySuiuiain -m h'^W Granada i and on. lub.^y^^ , ^ PARli.t/^. ^^ '■„ Pun, and in the 1 townot ^■/'" II \,^,,A on the river Budiencc ot Lin*, «■ ,n miles Iro.u c . . incl on tlie lealiiore, y ""•* Truxillo, and ijc ?<• vv . ui ^'.""",1 Sn.O 'in. n^ft populous ri.ic. ; the largell. bncrt,_ "J m . 11^^ ^^^^.^^^ ''^^''•rf'ormJ- m^l'i"''-'-''"'"^ crofles It, torms t ,,^ v;hich,nowca;!ed L'Ue ^" ^^ ^^^^^ '" ; V iV ,hc capital of hi. kin^jdoni. tiiade 1^1 is tni 1 1 ) by Phi hp 1 circuit -- 7;i;rtly lmbcUin./d ,s fix K 1, ut. m^ ,„p,,„|ed to contain rica.dy > '■^; " ,. j ^„ province ot vvitli the rients 01 t te v .^ ^^ N«''''-"^^''';V1''' uVs. By menns! i-V.un,n,lKr..Mreesmn.au. ..-.«- ^,,^.,„,„ay, auU or tl^ i^ . - "^^^^^ . •,.=3.W-l'^';''-^:fL,,ua,inS. the diiU.ice f. '^\^f^;,;d Ue canal. V,vKANA. a province °f ^''^ ','',•„. cr, of the Loi.-e, l^*-^ A 'cr ana ^^^^^^^^^^_^.^ ... .„ ..mcd f|. m a lar.e . ^ ^^ "^'^^'"Ih'l t pr viiices of Lyon. '■'""";"' t, Birbonnoi,. Nivc.noi. ^:;rf' Oi ^nois Touraine. Anjou .n^ 7, ^ ,nd i)V (he Vienne, wlih the »^^'"^"'^. L-" ' o ' L.mofin and Poitou • V.VKANA. a province o....s^.^ America, lo "^"^J,^,, ' p"^„ ' y*; and af- 'r"^">^'' "f kvckletb E ; Had on Aiiall '^.^ P-;^: ^ene al -"the kingdom wer •'."^y i^l'1^!tuhhc Elbe. It .3 ^o The "»,>'. ;„ .,oz and 1303. ""'i,^ rnii S. E. of Schwtnn. Lon. li. o •"•pA^.S.^pal-^ce of the king «f Spain. i ■ ■ 7 late provinces ot '^"""';\ ; ,„^ ,vxr. The «a^"-^^'"" /,'L and 303. ""'''= ^ffembhdhere m o -di3J.^ ?i''"'.nul under -CharUs V. the 11 > IB »3io> " tlauphir PAR ilAuphin ; in 1357 and 1369, under the lame Cli.iilcs V ; in 15S0, 13^^^. '""^ 141:, umitT Charles VI ; in 1614, under Lewis XUI ; and the lirft national alTcm- b!v of France, c.mvfked by Levis XYl. ar VcrfaiiUs, was luld, after the 19th of Odnbtr iv^y. ai Pari"., and wab faccjeded oy the fccond n itidnal alTtinbly in i79'> and by a nati'ind c invenV'iU in i79i> Then: -arc nine principal bridges in Paris, two of wliich cccuiiy the "hole breadth ot the Seine ; nanitiv, tile Pont Neuf and the Pont Rovui ; to which may be added the new bridge bes^un in 17^7. and c.iilfd Lt Pont dc Louis St.i.zc. Bat it is here to be ob!erved, t' at sU uu; names of buildings, fquares, ftrects, &:c. in honour of thtir lungs, and in compliment to royalty, have been totally chan_i;cd, fince the ;;bolition of mnnaichy, toward the fiole of 1791. 1 he Pont Neuf, the fuieft and mir-fi frcnucnled of all the bridges; was b.gun, un.ier Henry in. in I ;7S,and fi.nillua by Henry IV. in 1604. It is io;o feet 1 >n,^ by 7: broad, and ha" twelve arches ; I'cscn l>i vhich are on rho fide r.f the Louvre, and live on the fide (>f the ftreet Daupl-.ine. Bcrwceii the feveiith arch and the fifth is a tuole, corir flruftcd on the point of the I lie i!u Palais, in front of the Place Dauphine, on which, in 1614.. was erei*}ed an eniieltriun. llatue of [leniv 1\'. in bronze. Kut the thuue of this monarch, whole memory was once idohzed by the French, was deftroycd, in tt'.e etni-'ral demolition of ail the royal ftatu^s and infignia, in ly)-- 1" the le- cond arch of this biidi;e, on the fide o'^ the Louvre, is the Chateau de la Samariiainc (the Wonriin of Samaria) a fr.-.all timber building of three ftorics, conrtrufted, in 1712, on piles. In the infide is a pump, whicli railiS the water of the nver, to diftriliute it bv pipes to the Louvre, tlio Tuileries, &c.'/r, the front, are two fi^ur^s larger than the I'i'e, repreremiiu; Our Sa- viour and the AVoman of Simaria. A !ar"-e ihell, placed between thelc two figures, receives she water from the pimip ; and from this Ihell it falls, in^a flieer, into a bafin reyreleniing Jacob's Well. Above ii a fuiidia! ; and the whole is crowned by a leaden turrc% which ton- tains a fet of chimes. The other biidges are Pont St. Miihel, Ponr an Charif-e, le Petit Pont, Pont Notre Da'.ii'..\ Po;vt de la Tournelle, Pint Marie, and the Pont Rouge. This Uft, which is a ilml)er bridge, painted red, is the p':int of com- munication betvvei.n the Ide du Prdii'; And Ifle St. Louis. Among a great number of public founiains, two only merit atten- tion ; 'hat of the Innocents, iu which, y||' among other fnie pieces of fculpturc, is a PAR G.dar.-ta, by Goujeon ; and that of Gre- nelle, the performance of the celebrated P.iurchardon. The fined fquarc. are the PUcc Dauphine, of a triangular form, built, and I'o named, by Henry IV. in lUdSiory of the birth of Lewis XIII ; the Place Royale, in which was the e(juel\rian lla- tue of Lewis Xlf L in b-on/e ; the Place Vendome, a fquare, with the angles trun- cated, in which was the equeftrian llatuc, in bronze, of Lewis XIV. in a Roman lia- bit ; the Place dcs Virtoirts, of a circular form, in which was a Uatue of tlie lame kini,', crowned by vh^ory, with this arro- ing the malierpitces of paintin;', was taken, for many day-, by ii;ultitudes of vifitors, for a linimed piece. Tlie marufadory of plate-g;afs hkewde merits attention. The cathedra! ot Notre Dame, a Gothic ftrufture, is one of the hrgeft in Europe, and cont.ins forty- five chapels. The cotod'al ftatuc of St, ChriUopher, which was once the firft ob- ject, at the entrance of it, was deftroyed in 17S4. Next t.) the caihcdral. the moll d;aini;ui!hed chmxhes are St. Sulpice, St. KulVacho., St. Gervais, St. Etienne du Mont, the old church of St. Genevieve, the new church of St. Genevieve (now called the Panthton) the churches of St. Sevcrin, St Rocii, and Val-ce-Grace. In that of St. Sulpice is the tomb of its ex- cellent viear, M. Lanivuct, through whofe folicitalions this inagnificent church was begun and fmilhed. In that of St. Eii- fiachc is the. monument of the great Col- bert. Ill the old church of St. Genevieve are PAR ■ Goujcon; anil that of Gre- icrfornianco of the celebrated ,1. - The tineft fiiuarc'. are the line, nf a tri.mguUr form, built, td, by Henry IV, in n\ii»ii)ry V of Lewis XlII ; the Place which uiis the e([Ueftrian I'.a- U XII [. in b-on/c; the Place L fquaie, wi'.h the angles trun- liicli wa-. the equeftri.m Aatuc, if Lewb XFV. in a Roman ha- ace lies Virtoirfcs, of a circular inch was a Uatue of tlie lame leii by vi.^ory, wiili this arro- tion Vir') Immortali ; and the uis Ouinze, of an odtagon iorni, was "^n eniulh-ian ftatue, in that niiinaic'i. This fquaie, iw c.^'l.d il;e Place de la Re- .■as the fata. f-:enc of the exe- ihc iinfortunire Lewis XV [. .inh.ippy ronl'orc, Maiie Antoi- for'.iKi' on the nil of January, alter on the (6ih of Otlober h bein<^ execuied by a machine, '.h'.iUof.ne, from the name of tiic like the Maiden of Halifax, the in i-ioovLS from a great lK!".ht, nli^nt terminates the UilVerings im. Tlicre are tlirec triumphal aed to Li:wis XIV. and kriown les of Porte St. Bernard!, Pirte , and Porte i^t. Martin. The eft ins!; of the inanufar.tories of lat J the G')bclm3 {i., c.illed m;ly of celebrated diers, fettled y m i4;o) in which tapoftries ifter the piftures if the greai'ft I fucli perfe^^tion, that one.repro- :\vis XV. a whole length, fram- ared a:ii;)ng the mallerpitces of was taken, for niar.y days, by , of vifitors, for a hnifned piece. ufai-3ory of plate-giafs likcwi'e L-ntion. The cathedral of Notre Gothic ftruCture, is one of the 1 Europe, and cont^.ins forty - -Is. The colod'al iratuc of St. ,er, which was once the firft ob- e entrance of it, was deftroyed in ext Vi the caihedral. the nioll bed chuiches are St. Sulpice, St_, St. Gcrvais, St. Etienne du 10 old ch'.irch nf St. Genevieve, church of St. Genevieve (now J Panthti>n) the churches of St. St Rocli, and Val-ccGrace. In it. Sulpice is the tomb of its ex- car, M. LiniV-iet, rhrough whofe lis this magnificent church was ul fmiihed. In that of St. Eu- the. iiinnumcnt of the great CoU 1 the old church of St. Genevieve are PAR PAR u f I • ,r riovls and of the apartments, difterent .ca.kmics have held arc the totnbs of ku,g Ckwis ^^^ ,,;„,,. ,U htiin.s . and in ..lie.s are the work- -s ar.d |,>di',in--r.,.-c.ms of artilh;. The ure toe uHi.u. ... , rhuich llieir „, .... . ,, ,,,.,. Tui'eries, berunm ii;04, by Catharine of national anVmbly, Ap^l,4,J79.,^^-- J^^:^; ,.,^s..A by Ueiuy IV. and and CLMV#tbe remains of fuch great luve merited well of their country ; be of very uncertain di.ratiun ; ana tl.e Wsofa'^tTtan.whowouhntavcbeenim- neaehed, perhaps, had he been a ive, as a ^ or ,:,'h,sci.untry, have m-t been ong permined to rep.le there rhe bo ,e. o 5ohn J.n^.s Rnuffeau, and ot \ '-'lt'>'^^;'^'^ ,^ been removed hither ; an honoiu, whaH has Ulo been recently d. creed to De - cr.es. The tcn,^ of cardinal eRicheue, i„ the lAiidll of the choir ot the S.nb,tn L the exr.ihte performance ot G . a hm. The Unel: eoiiei-e 1,1 Pans IS that of th.!' <,L.r completed hv Lewis XI V.t.ikes Its name from its fmiati.-.n in a jdacc in which were forn-erlv many tik-kilns ;;.v//.;r/vi) which, for three or four centuiies, lurniihe^l the crreaicft part of the tiles ukd in i aris. The ri.rtn4-h...ulc. belonging to it. is the nl.ace ch,Mcn by the nan nal alfemWy tor {htir fittings, when they removed iruni VeilV.lic. in Oftoher iT^g- ^^^'^ S*[''<=" of the Tuilerlcs, in front of the palace-, and on the banks of tlic S.me is un-iuel- „ona.>lv th: fmeft public walk in 1 aris. Prom this palace, when attacked by the enraged m.vb.onthe loth of Aiiguk 179^. the Mufoituna-e Lewis XV (. went for an a'yl'im to the hali of the national aliem.3ly, thence to a prifnn, and thence to the leaf- f id The Palais R'lyai was built by ear- din-'l Riclclicu in i&;9,and had the name of the Cardin-l'^ P-lace, tiil Anne ot Aul- trla came to r.fule in it, ;n 1643, with her f .n Lewis XIV. It has been long the ^;;;;i;;;s; called alio y^f^^^j^^^^^^ name of-the cardm.d, us foundei. i Ik re we. e lately nx academies. n Pans ;n.m.ely, '^J^^-J-^^ j,,, atikes of OrlJims; BehesLettrcs,byLew^XiV;tl.at;.-.tional) Ohlcrvatory is built of freefto.ic, a,id neither iron nor xvood h..s bc.n emp! yed in the t;-e^.on. The BotamcalGaiakn is worthy, in e\er/ refneft, of its late appeilalio.i of Koyal. The four principal palaces are the Louvre , theTuileries,n.lwLePala.sN:.t,onah,the Pa!ai.-R.yal,n " , . ctneral, count Mero. In .74S 7 ^h', gtnciai, V. rivintllc, the duchies oi treaty of Aix-la-Lh.iptni, ^ S E. of Cremona, and 00 S. E. ot Milan. tn!l filver ?nd plenty of truffles. 1 He il oil, bur the Venetian army burnt nil he olive-tree.. Thev have a great numbei^ of p,..rtrK^cs and pigeons, which they fell very ch.r,-. The inhabitants have- been d7.vsa,c,.umed people of good fenfe 5 and thi. ■'l.nd has been fo famous for its marbic that th beft carvers would make r no other. Thofe excellent ftatna- ri.s, Phid.as and Pr.xitcles, were native, of I'his iflaad. which was ancient ly ded - cattd to Bacchus on account of its excel lent wines. The famous Arundelian ina b 1" t Oxford were brought from this place. It lies near the little idand of Naxia, .nd the capital is of the fame name PaRos, a town of the Archipelas", ca- pitaloftheineofParos. I/^^'' '""'=' ^"''^ he laiiieft and moft powerful town ot the C claries ; but it is at prefent nothing to what it w?s. The walls of the caftle are W.h\:f rnr.;nt pieces of marble and md of the columns are place '. ^-'^Z-'^^'-J']'^^ of them that (land upnulu, lupport cor- ncsofanwingf.ze.The^ natives build "heir houles of marble, which they find cdv cut to their hands-, but they taU no care to place the pieces in a regular manner. Their fields liVewift.- are inelofed with friezes, ahars, and bairo-rehevos ; but the Enulifli, French, and Venet ans have c rried'a^vaWhe fineft pieces they could meet wiUi. The inhabitants arc fo gno- ineei: wiui :,,(>„,d of ereat iculptors rant now, that, iniicaa i, , ■ ' r,,,^ aid lkilfularchitet\s,they have ""thmgbut carvers of mo.tarsand laltcellars. Paros is a billiop-s fee, and is fituated on the vveft- crn coaft of the iiland. Lon. IS- 44- ^' '''■-^Pa^rm't, a river of Somerfetftire, xvhich riles in the S. part of the county rec.-ives the Ivel and Thone, and enters the Brill ol Channel at Bridgewater Bay. > Pmikamatta, a town or fettle- ment of Englilh convifts, m New S. Wales. It is featcd at the head of the harbour of Port Jackfon. . t ^^'^rf^ Sv,lncv Cove, l^eiween Rofe Hill and tne \li^ Zo in the creek -hich forms then . InNov. .79>."ear loooaces of !ai... were either in cultivation, or clear- cd for that purpwie. The foil, m moft Ices, was L.nd to be rcrnarkably good l.-,d to want cultivation only to be fit for anv uCe • f-r ihe grotind that has been the 4 ft in cultivation bears the beft crops. InV.79., abui!ding,.5^'f«tt,y.4. was covered in here, and intended or a ,la cs W. of Cove, bciwecn Rofe HiU and the r>iace in the creek which forms In Nov. 1791, near 1000 acres were either in cultivrition, or clear- that purpole. The fml, m moft was Undtobe remarkably good, xvant cultivation only to be fit tor - • for the ground that has been ttie "ik cultivation bears ihe beft crops, c. i-:q., a building, s*-. feet by 24, ,verfd in here, and intended tor a afvvorfhip, till a church could be Lon. 151. 30- E. la;-33-50-.S- RTIIENAY, a town of France, m tits nicnt of Two Sevres and late pro- of Poitovj. It carries on a confider- PAS .Wc trade in caiOe and c.n. ^ J V. ^at^ ,,n ihe river Thouc . , nul Ttiouars. I^""-^;';\'^;,„ of GrnuHoy, ,n the circle ol b.A4iu.4 f,. M. of Munich. Lon. 1.. o. ¥.. jr. 4,- V r^KV^, a imAintam n '''« >" ' Anelefey, fanvus for a .opiHT n, nc, p ' '^''^''^'" ;!;rirSe"c, llmJn :l..!r of not wrought '"/'^^ m-, utone nuar- ry, open to d'.y ; f^" '"J,,M . r^ledarcprocSgiouv._ T ^'^ '"^ '^1^ railed arc proOigiouv. ^ ^/'^ ''7 ^'.^ The of moft ( f its ful.-iiur on the fpot. Q,uan- t tlTs of nearly \->n^-^ copper are o n.nied n the water; lodged benc^h the bed of ore, by the intervenr.on o ly.n. A lead ore, rich in fdver, is alio ound ai iS ; ^ uuin. The weakh and p-^i - on of AnvU-lVy have received a giea in- crc,fenouVthe-dillo.cryofii..sMune Pas, a town of Fr.ncc. in the d ^vr - f ,l,pftraits of Caais and Uo ment of tlieltrai s - province of Artois, 12 m-le^ ^' M ^rras Lon. 2. 4'^- E. l^t. <^o. 9. N. . p,v DK Calais, or St.a'ts ok Calais, a depa.nn.nt of France ^or- t.ining the lave provinces of .Auo.s and Ko'donnois. Arras is the capual. ^PaLao, a cope of S. America, in Peru, under the eo.uator. Lon. '; ■. 5^- ^] • pI.SA.E.a feaport of Spaui, m die province of Bifcay and territory of Gui- Koa. It is a ftation of the Spaninnncn ^f war, and where the French burnt e ve- nd of them in the laft war between Fram:c and Spain. It '^ ^l'"''^ %\' ,,t Loh Sebaft.an, and 60 m.lcsE. of Bilboa. Loh. na,m Greece, between the gulfs of Armiro PAT \ Passav, a hifhopricof 9'';"i''-iv, J« i;,c .u..le of Btvaia. and ly.uK b.- ueen i.-.wcr Bav.P*. Au.Ui:*, .nd b.H nin. Its lar,=U extent is n. wuere bo.e .0 n,U..s 1 and it h.s no cotjfider- I ubl. pl.ice,exv,.piP..irHU,.hec.pujil. , P ,v, s li K o , C A V K , anciently c .died P»- | chmu.'ihe moll louihe.iy poo.t of the , illuul of b.c-.lv. ft isnora peninlula, as , ;:;.c!c,,.edin'alllhem4.s,butawretci- cd b.vrr.n iUaod of abooi a .mi. rou.K ; with a fort. :o project the ne.;^uU.ung country from tilt h.aul.oosot the Bail a- \ ,y coriVirs, who are oiu-n verV trouble- lome on this part ,1 the ^oaft. J h>» | Hl.nd and tort arc iep.iatcd t>"'^^;h'= '^'* | of Sieiiy by a Urnit ot about haif a mile 3 broad. ^OlV this cape, lir Ueovye Byng. ^ in ,-,5, defeated a SiMi.ill. l4uauron. Lob. 1 - -1 K. lar. -sft- 3S' ^' , . 'p^Js.GNiANO, a town Of Italy, m ,he terruoiv of the church, Uaied or» ^ lai^e Perugia. Lon. li. 5- ^- 1^'- -t3«., \ "''p^vro, or Sr. Juan pf, Pasto, . to^vn of S. AinerKM, m Popayan, leated rAne valley, wat.red.byfcveral river. li ,s .zo miles N. of Quito. Lon. 76. 5 5- \V lit. 1. ^O. N. . • TvT P,vsxindi:u,(,imac^.>.hyS. o. Ka tiHon, and , 55 W. of \ lenna. i.on. ... 37.E. U.4i. i?.N. ::d d.gs exceed the ir^re ^----^^^^ ;„ Itature and (trength, >^s Mr as t. e I ata Jot^^an i. fu;>poled to rile above the ulual Kurd of the human body. But animals nttaVn th" h-he'.l perteftion of their Ipecies r^ill null chaatcs. or wh.i. ihey Irnd rA P A t the mcR tiurrius c foo^l in the :^rcitcft alran-^ tla.Kf It is not then i;> the uiHulnv„tc( wallo of thf Mas!,ir..i"ic rcsi^'i^. ■'" ln,l iii^n. pMlcl m- the hiK''i-*^ honours of Ins fucc, and uutui- Euilhca bv a U.pcri n-itv of u/.c rind vig- ur, far btvond wluit he has iciciitd in any other part of the c.fth. The tnolt liph- eit nnd unexceptiunahle evid. ncc .^ rcqui- fite, in order to elhibhth a fad, rcrugna.u to thole eencral principle-, and laws, vvh.cn fee... to'affea tlie human frame in ev.rv Other inftance, and to decide vuh re pe« to its nature and qualities. Sueh e^uienee has nor. hitherto been produced. 1 U(uu;" fcveral perfons. to whole tcllimony p-eat rcfpert IS due, have vifitcd this part of Anie- rieifince the lime of Mat^eii.a,, and have had interviews with the natives ; thoUi^a fome have atfi.mcd. that ktch as tb.v law Nveic of d^v.ntic ff^ture, an.l others have formed lU Came conclulion fr> m luealur- in" "'' "'^'^ did wonders. Lon. 1. 49' ^- '■*'• •^~*• ',. N. ■ Patf.ih-'c-a, or PATiorA, a towii 01 N. America, in Me.\ico, near whith is a ■ filver mine, 70 mihs N. of Mtwcu. Lun. 09. c?. \V. lat. II. O.N. ^ PAii!liKAr>, a conP.derable manu- faauiiiig village of Fil'clhire in Scotland, almott ad'r inin^g to Kirkcaldy on the E. Patm'i.s, an iflandof the Archipelago, now called I'atir.o, luuatcd on the toaft ot Nat. ha, between the illes of Samos an.: Niciria ; and about twenty miles in cir- c'^!!>f"rer,ee. Heing one o( the moft Dar- ren heaps of rocKs in the Archipelago, it mi^ht have continued for e\cr uunoticel, bur for the Book of Rcvelatlo-n which. S' lohn ccmpoied in tills delolare Ipot. _ A few vallics only are capable ui loine culti- vations. It abounds, however, with par- tridge., rabbits, quails, turtles, pigeon., and fnipes. In the midft of the idana rifes a mountain, terminated by the con- vent of St. ]ohn, which, with Its irrcgu- lar towers and maffy appearance, one might well '.m.agine to l^e a cuadel. \nc inirabitants of this convent are in reaiuy the fovcreigns of the country ; but their domains would be inrafficunt tor their maintenance, were it not for the polTclUon of f-me lands in the neighliouriiig Ules, aivl the cenain tribute they dcr've froiii iho Uiporlution of the Greeks. Ihele monks, 'called Calovers, are Iprtao over all Greece. Scarce any of them can rtao. and yet they all underftand h.ow far tne empire of ."uperftition can extend over ig- norant minds. They keep their crccu-- lous countrymen in the moH ablohite luo- ieftion. They are even accampiices 111 their crimes, the profits of which they fluirc, and fometimes cngn -"s. I'Jot on.: of the piratical vcffcis ia svillwut a Ca- ^ low') PA T :c of I'Mihcr cuvcrs the pri\ lit :, a kintiiliim of Ad i, in I'.ic- p«n- M;.I.K:crf, on the eal»ern cnutt. •litMu!'! arc pnrtly Mahonietaiis Gtntoc.^ ; but tiiev are jll very s. The air is \vh' l.;!.i"it, though uid tlicy have -lo i'tar.ii., but thu a I'umtntr. 'I'lic i'jrnicr is morc he niinv U: I'-on, and contains the -if NiAtiiiiicr, D..cinibcr, and Thi. \Nouring iftc:., e certain tribute they derive fro:ii nerftition of the Greeks. Thele , 'called Calovers, are Iprtad over ■ccc. Scarce any "f them can read, ■X they all underftand h.ow far the : of Tuperftition can extend over i.;- ,w\vh. They keep their crccu-- luntrymcn in the moll abtblute luo- I. They are even ace mplices iii crimes, the profits of which they and fometimes engr< '"s. Not on.: c piratical vcffcis is wtiliout a Ca- *^ low', PAT Ver.ir, order to give thotpabfolmion In he very itiftant <,f etuTim'tting the mo I u ,! cfin-cs. Cowardly and cruel, drc.idliu Ciinr.es. ■^ ' ' ,,, .(r.f-rc the r^ft^ a few word, prefently reconc.le ;' n to the Deity, cpiict their conlc.ence, •; lencMura.e them to the perpetration of . na enc i, jlYordini' what they hiturc crimes, in thu, aiiormoL, Jcein a rertam remedy againft future re no fc Thele ablolutions arc rated, and "'"ryprift has a table of thelitis that „ay^.e forgiven. They dt, more : they lieve by anticipation the al.irms that 1 It exciLs in Ibme flagitious wretches, i min-^ling the terrors ot tuperft.tion :.d;t&r.^iouspaihons, tremble with ,l,e dread of perilbing ni the vety a« ot m , before^the Caloyer can grant them bblution. Thefe fP^^'^'^"^^' ^ nrieft endeavours to allay, exciting tliem fo t le perpetration of the moll atrocious j"e^s by lellmg the pardon to them he- rd nd^ When thiie monfters return. ,;;o :i>rt, they previouny tet apn t^u: grants them ilie privie,., I- ^ - nn tl'cir piratical expeditions; and thus an Id with paffpnvts toheaven, and pr e-i wuhBnttcipated ablohit tons they E to l.a a.;ain with a conlc.ence lulled Lto fec,iritv,^nvuklng H-ven it elf p - hips, for a rich crude of plunder, adulte- S^ndafll^liinauons. T^- hermitage o^ lUe Apocalypfc is fituated on the declivity a mountli^ between the convent aiu ue portofScala. It lead, to the church ot the ^Apocalypfe, which is lupported again ft ■ P-Ottoin the rocks, and, if we may b ikye the inhabitants was the ah A.nt.f St. John, during h.s exi e at 1 a.n Here, they fay, he wrote the Book of tie Revelation •, and they preteiul to how he very chinks in the rocks, through which the lloly Spirit breathed his .nlpjration. The fragments of this rock they affirn. to be a certain fpeclfic againft a thoufand d . - orders, =*nJ P^=-''<="'''^'>; ^S?'"L ail o rlts. The Greek monks do tiot lad to "ndthisr.WyaswellastheabU^^^^ tions, nordotheyblulhatt_hr.k:mdaUu tr-.,Sc. Tournetort, who vi'.itcd the Ar chipelagom .700, reprefents tne wo, en nf Patmos as naturally pretty, and w uh viaity innocent enough to.render t cm .,4bletollra.gers.wc-envK.h^,^Kt PAT of them, for her beauty, they imngined tliat not a ftranger could land in their ifland but with limilar viev-,; and wli.n this great boianitl declared, tint hecime not in fearch of wives, but of plants, they appeared exceedingly (urpriled. Their behaviour to llrangers is now the reverie of what it was in the time of 1 uurnotort. The fprightlv aHiduuies of vanity have riven place to a lavage (hynels ; and a llranrer nolojner appears in a I'.reet, than , very door is clofelv ftuit againft him. Lon. i6. 24-ii-l-"-r-U-N. Patna. a city of HindcoUnn I'roper, capital of Bahar. It is an extcnfivc and po- pulous placcon thcS. hank ol the Ganges ; ani is fortified iQ the Indian manner ^^'lt^l a wall and a (mall citadel. In this citadel were conlined the prlfoncrs taken in 1764, by Mter CoHim, nabob of Itengal. l)f whole order they were maffacred. The .. . ... i,...l. . kiif t\M' (\rt cxccHlve ufe of paint, wi'h which they ccrfeftly disfii'ured thcmleWcs. A mti- ch'.r.t of Mar-fc;i:cs having maic.ed^ one buil''^ngs are high; but the ftreets arc „arrv.u. and far trom clean. It is a 9 lace of conliderable trade, and is fiippolcd to he the ancient PaUbothra. It is 400 miles N W. of Calcutta. Lon. 85. o. h. Iat. zi 3 5- N. "Patomac. Sec Potomac. Pati! \na, or Pa ST it AN A, a town ot Spain, in New Caftile, feated between the rivers Tajo and Tajuna, 3^ miles L. of M.arid. Lon. z. 4t- W. Iat 40. if'- N- Patkas, an ancient and llouriihing town of European Ttirkey, in the Mo- rea with a Greek archbilhop s (ce. It is lar^e and populous, and the Jews, who are one third of the inhabitants, have tonr (ynaijogues. There ar| feveral handfome ,{,oiques and Greek churches. The Jews carry on a great trade in filk, leather, honc-y. wax, and cheele. There are cy- prcts'-trccs of a prodigious height, and. excelleiu pomegraiutes, citrons, and o- _ ranges. It has been taken and retaken • fevcral times; but the Turks are n-^w- mafters of it. It is feated on the dec ivitir of a hill, near the fca, 20 miles b. W. of Lepanto. Lon. 2.. 4v f- -^t. 3S 17. N. Patrica, atown ot Italy, intheLam- nigna of Rome, eight miles E. of Oitia. Aoout a mile from thu place is a hil., called Monte di-Livano, whiJi _ (ome have thought to be the ancient Lavmium. Patrimony ov St. Pktek, a pro- vince of Italy, iii the territory ot the Church. It is bounded on the N. by Or- vl-tauo, on the E. by Umhria and Sa- b.na. on the S. by the Campagna-di- Roma, and on the S. W. by the Ua. It is about 3> 'T"''-'' '" l«"g'''-,,»"J 30 m breadth. Vitcrbo is the capita,. PatkiNoTON', a town in the b,alt ndiPK of Yu.kr.v,.e, with a market cm ■'iSaXifllBWSS*"*"^^ ' P A U PEC Satiir.Uv. Tt was formeiW nf gond ac- count, b.-in- the plitrc Nshire tlK Roman roail trom'tlK PK'h' Will emied. It is ItMtcil It the ni'Hitl. f.f the Hiimbcr, 50 miUb S. I'., of York, an.l 191 N. of Lob- djn. L'li. o. 8. l<.. lit. 5?. 4')-N- r Mil, n town ot bitil in the VaU fli-Uciii MM. fLiiKd on the' (;ult of Patti, pul „.|..s ^^^ of MfiVim u?, and the Ite "f a biihop I h IS pr'My po- Lon. 15. E. lat. 3S. n. N. Pau, a lari;c ill built town of France, in the dcparimon of the Lower Pvre- nee", and lite province of Bcsrn, with a eaaic where lluirv IV. wp.s born. Th^rg wv< laiciv a rtaiuJ ol' Le«is XIV. in the city, on the ptikital of which was this in- fcripti;in : " C>!:.:-c: ijl pc:.i-_/i!s tic notre Ion llKfi—T\\\% is the i-i.nullon of our B»joci Henry." PaU is I'caied on an emi- nence, at the foot of which the river Gave runs, q; miles S. of Bourde^ux. Lnn.o. 4- W. Ul.Ai. »5-^- , , , Pavia, an ancient fjwn of Inlv, in the duchv ot Milan, an.l capital of the PavL-fan, with a celcbiated univerllty, and a bilhcp's fee. It is dcfciiJeJ by ftrong , wails, lirge dilches ijooj r.irapsns, excel- lent badi'-ns, aiui has a tn-i.!i;e over the river Tcfi'i. In ihf- centre of the town ' is a flr.ni' cilie, where the ancient dukes of Milan' ref.dcd. It whs ' ' ..-n by the duke of Savov m 17-6 ; by the French in 173?; by the French and Spaniard* in 174^; biit retaken bv tli'j Anftrians in 1746. It is 15 miles S. of Milan. J-on. ,. IS. E. lat.4:.. ,3. N. p\fr., St. a town of ^r-.^ce, in t.ie dep.irtment of the Strai's of Calais and late province of Artois, 16 milts from Ar- ras. Lon. I. ic. f.. lat. ;o. :4. N. _ PAtu.. St. a tow a of S. AmLiica, in Bral",t, in the captain'liip of S. Vincent. It is a kind of iid'.pendent rLpublic, com- polcd of the banditti of fevcral_ nations, ilowever, they pay a tribute o'' ijold to of Drome and late province of Dauphiny ; Icatcd on. 3. sS.E. lat. 44. The '"'Wonders of the Peak" have been ceKbrated both in profe and vcrfc. Peari.-Islands, iflands lying in the bay of Panama, in America. Tlie 'nhv bitants of that town have plantation? .a them, from which tliey are lupplied witl-, provilions. • Pf.aths. or Pf.f.sf., as it is pr- nounced, a v ift chalm in ths mountains at Pai:l.i.i.:s.Ves-ck, St. a town of the N. E. part of te'-wi'^'-'''""e m S " . . .. tr, J l.._,J Ir c mnr-f iban I 'lO tCet France, in the departm'nit of Var and late province of Pr.ncnce, five m'les W. o* Nice, and 4:;© S. E. of Paris. Lon. 7. 1,. E. la!. .>3. 4^- N- P^i L-t rois-Chat KAUX, St. an ii.ci.nt town of trance, in the department land. It is more i;han i'''0 feet deep. Over this chafni, a noble bridge of lour arches nas been lately built. From v- va!l heir'ht, it greatly refenibles an ancen: Roman a(|ucc!u'i. '■ Ptci.iiAM, a village of Surry, m ;i/a£yB«S»:^«i«fW' " PEC and late province of Dauphiny ■, the declivity of a hill, 16 mik'. itcUmar. Lon. 4. 57- E- !*'• 44- \, a handfomc town of the kin^';- Maples; kiuA ncirthcfca, in i id wtll-cuUivattd country, i. of Cofenza. Lon. 16. 9. V AS AN', a town of Africa, in tli; t. Thmnai, (tatcd on the ftafiiJc, fort, a bilhop's ice, and a goixi It bulonj.;;. to l'oriiij;al, ind lii.-. c equator, in lon. S. 30. VV. /KK, a Ir'iall tuwn of Wcdciu in TornLrtllia, i<, miles from i. Lon. 18. 4'- K. lit.45-.44-N. usiLirro, a mountain of Italy, ve miles from Pu/ioli, celcbraiicd :)tto, which is a fubtcrraneous paf- oui'ji the rnountain, near a mile in al)out 10 fett in breadth, and 30 n height. People of failiion gc- drivc througli this palTage with J but the country people find av, without much difficulty, by It which enters at the extremities two hilcs pierced through the in, near the middle of the grotm, admit li,^ht from above. On th:s ill alio is the celebrated tomb of overgrown with ivy, and thadtJ iranches, lurubs, and bulhcf ; an bay tree, with great propriety, ;iging it. , a town of S. America, in Peru, the province of I^os Charcos, with p's !'ee ; 3:0 miles S. li. of Cul'co. 14. 33. VV. !.«. 15. 59- S. ■,/.v. a town of Turkey in Europe, (mania, near Gallipoli, with a bi- fee. Lon. z6. 59. E. Iat.40. 33-N- ut, a mountainous country in Der- e, which abounds in lead, niitl- , and whctrtones. It is much vi- sn account of its extraordinary ca- perforations, and other curioi'.t.es. " Wonders of the Peak" have been ated bmli in profe and vcrlc. ARl.-IsLASDS, iOands lying in tho f Panama, in America. Th.e 'iihv s of that town have plantation? m , from which tliey are fupphed wuh lions. Pf.aths, or Pf.f.sf., as it is pri- ced, a v.ift chaim in the mountains at ^. E. part of Eerwicklnire in Scot- It is more i;han i'''0 feet dctp ■ this chafni, a noble bridge of Uiir ;s lias been lately built. From it^ heis^ht, it s:reatly refembles an ancen: lan a(|ucdu't. Ptci.iiAM, a village of Surry, in „s.if^r40rpm8-- P E G the parifh of Cambcrwrll, with a noted tairon the zift of Angult. iiCorFNTOUK, a town of Franco, m thJ den^irtiucnt of ti'.c North and late provinc. of Hainaul-, fcntcd on the nvir Scarpe, five mil-s K. of Douay. Loii. 3. 16. E. lat. 50. 23- f^' , ,^T A V Pedke, a river of N. A'ncnca, which riles in N. Cuolma, wht.t it is called Yadkin River; and e^urmg b. Carolina, takes the name of 1 alee, and enters the Ailanii.. V^^au ij m.l-s btL^w G''orj!;c Town. PtDKNA.an ancient tov-n Iftria, and ill ih a hilhup'i, fee, 15 n-'''^',. , -^ li'-inria. Lon. i-v. 30. L. lat. 4^. ^4- f^. PkdIk, a town o' the h. Indai. m iltc r E G Lon. 4- o. \V. lit. 4'. of r calKe of Valladolid 41. N. Pk;ma-Macou, a town ,.i!, in Bella, wrh a ftr.MijT niilcs N. W. of Alcmtara. Lon. 6 M:?;;:..:^^!^. a t n.fS.tin.in 01,1 Calile. 30 itiile^ S. \V. ot Ohuedt;. L..n. ,t. H. V/. lat. 4'> "iO r-il- , 4.'-> P F. i; f , Ivin.' to a conlid the S. .r.abic kr'U'-lom E. of IleiiU ■ .,f A^ ll nf Ii m 1. is ,„:iindcd on the N. bv the k.njd .11 -f H,irmali;onih.\VandS..vth=nc.in ami on the E. by the knijJwm ..f Laos Slam. It has a town <>t the lame ifland of Sumatra, li.bjctt to the 1; ,in. A' ot Achen. Lon. 9' — r l^Z'i;::^ •;::U';: miJ: Sm h;d;a.d ab.e .o ^^ ' .n'.le» in circumference; but at pj.elent ,„„ onctwennali part ot it is >n Iv.btted ; f..r ;• was ruined bv the kn.t^ of l.i;i:r..ih. The nroduttsi.i tins cnu'itry are timi.er for b'ailJin-, tl-.-phauts, e!cp!iants uelli, bees'.wax, ftick-l.x, iroa.tin. petrokum, vcrv fine rubles, and Im.ll diam.,nd> Tlu-v have alio laitpetre. and plenty ot icau,' nf which tiiev mAc their m<,nev. It is verv fruitful in corn, r .ots, pul.c, ;„„1 fruits. Thev vvtar no l::.irope;m coimnod'.iics Achen, 40 mile-, E ,(j p ir. 5. j2. T't. '*■ P1.DU0, Pont, the imft nort rn Cevinn, oppolite continent ot In- . 9. ^J-N. point of the i'.iai d ot Point Calymere on the dia. Lon. So. x;- E- 'a' - „ , ■ , Pfuko, St one of the iflands in the S. Pacific ocean, calkd Marqutlas. Lon. ,3s. 51.W. lat. 9- SS;^- , . . PEFiuts, an ancient royal borough in Scotland, caratal of Pccbleslhire. it is feared on the Tweed, over v.hah is ar,_ ancient Uidge. It has tnanu agones o carpets and fergcs, and a weekly market for corn and cattle. Before tlie prelent flci-ant parilh church was erefted, .i.vine fcrv.ce vvaspcrfiru'# ualKrics lunportcl by coUnnnv. Th .. n h lake bv whKh it h.s a com- vho hav: cmput.J the compels o tu. -in this lake, ny v hh .i.tn.unt wvy, obfcrve rhar it v, 10 m nicat..,n aho, at Nar^a, vs.ttt tne i,uir c. 1 ^ ^^^ ,.,„„„f,.,/„,,. and that .he rum- of r^r'and. • P isHORE, or PiniovR, a coii- fidera'b'e city of Hindooftan Proper, lu the pn-.vince ol Cahul. It i; that a:M the gar- dens, arc ab mt two riiics i'l Icntth ; and thearchiterttireof the Itnic'tiircs is entirely difftrent from that of the Kui'>peans, for they are covered with tilts of a lliinmi; beautiful vellow. The temples and the towers of 'this city, are lo niin^c-ous tni": it isdifliailt tocount them. The coun'ry about it is fandy, and not very fruitful 1 ; 11 ;h7oid City .. ivdi.hiied by about it is landy, and not very no uu ; together 13 Si Ch.ncle lays, each of which contains 240 genmetrica! p.*ct\ The I'litcs of this citv are high and will arched, lup- nortiiifr buildines of nine Hones hi-h ; the lowcft of which is for the U;ldiers when ihev come off guard. The gates are nine in number, and before each is an open Ipace, which fcrves for a patr.dc. 1 h- plentiful, they being, as well .is the iner- chandile, broui^ht, from other parts If canals cut froin the rivers, and alwi-.vi ciowdtd with vcfiTels of ditferent fi/es. Aii carthciuaki, which happened herein 17 ?i, buried above 100, -joo ptrfons in the rums of the lioufes. In this city a K.ili:.a church is eftablidied, with a leii^inary, m «• - ftniobr as a'liiv'. moft of which the ftudents arc permitted tnrdiJe S"rth";m st Icni^rd about for the purpofe of karnin, the Chin..: He wnit nuuioi.:. 1 , „„,„„., ri,mn. tvnnlntcd from the oni;inils pu:.- the fireets, and not one worn in ariong them. There is always a i:rL.;t c-niuhon, occafioned hy the vail numbers ol horle:, camels, .n-iles, alTcs, wa?fion^. carts, and chairs, without reckoning the tevi.ral m. China, tranilaccd from the originals pub- lill.cd at Pekin. Lon. 116. 30. E. lat i^- 54. N. * Pei.F.grin'0, Mot'Kr, ^ promon- tory on the N. coaft of the if.and cf Si- '*•„,',' ...bib fiaiid ready to be this mount ts a cnvern, in which u ...c St.r'a'.^;;td 5:1 nere^f them image of St. Rolbli-, ^vh. . Ilud to i.^ e ■i"i '^ PEL ■y ftrcer and hmifr v/lirrc anv c ptrrfm lives. All the V,r<:nl guar; that a.\'\ tlie gr.r- ; ab mt two iiiiics i'l lentth ; and te^hireof the ItnK'tiircs is entirely from tliat of the Kuropeans, for ; covered with tiles of a lliinini; 1 yellow. The temples and the if 'this, city, arc fo nuirL-.-ou«, thi: ailt tocoiint them. The couiiTV is fandy, and not verv fruitful; fifions of all kind? arc excccdin.L'ly 1, they being, as well as the iner- .•, broii!;ht,"'fr"m other parts 1/ :ut from the rivers,, and aUv, , i ;l with vclTels of dilFerent fijes. An ake, whieh happened herein 17 ?i, ;ibovc 100,000 perfons in the rums hoiifts. In this ciiy :i Kiilii.a is eftablidicd, with a fen,inary, I'l the (Indents arc permitted to rtfide ; purpofe of karnin;.; the Chin'.': Tc. Since this efia'olillr.iient, iTi,.i'y 'ing publications have made tluir ance at Peterft)urgh, relative :» iws, hiftory, and gcoirraphy ;e, (omeMmc, lii-,"' '"'.^„'' ' ", On n,,r:icaMr occ^rnn-,. they a.ld c tbe.r m'le-i.. >-r"■'■'"^'^'et•rb en u^ " " iry tare, ca.aiu (wecmrats. and a pole, that t^o ^-^'V'l'"" V; /., eV t b - fweet bovu..,e, oht..ned by the aul ot a o,uhenubch.vtheA.:tel.-pe .i !sa e ^^^^^^^ ^._,^^^ ,he p.dm- t.n.iog to the l-.'';';'.;,^'"'^'';'^^;,'!;"' ,re V,rtbc In.ar-cane. The houfes arc cmnna^uledbyc.ptamW.l.a. .-'j ^ ^--_.^,^ ^^^^ fiomtb,,- ground. ,J there m .7^3. 1 .»t '^■■P';'\J" '^^'^J „„ t„unaa.inn beams beh.i; I on b'gv nuwes hmpe in their mj.,ner.d.n ^^^^^^ ,,„,,,, ,-,,n^ the V, .,k up- their lei.'.menis, f''^"'' , "^ \\V onour port, of vhcir iVics. which ar. errl: d by .ion.and.i. '■''>''• '^ P^^^'l,'^:, .iul", oiber tbnoers j-vooved Ur,c :r, ardfa(\. n the human race. 1 lie "" ' '^ ,,,^^j ,,„ ,voudcn pins, tuc .ntern.ediaie ..hich tbofc, who t'rl a.lc-.ered lie En, U^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^i;.,,^^ ^^.^^^ ,^,,„h„„ 1,1-,. :^vailcrted on kein:; ^^^ j; ..\" , „,i ,„,r.rce Ua.es. platted to.uther. plainly ihov, cd, tb.at tl.. y bad . - . bd o, ; > V ^^. ^^^ j^^^,.^,^ ,^^^ ^^ ^.,,,,^^, f, Ln I white w.an ,l-^='' '.,,''=. L.J. andpdo Lave,; and the infide luanger. alio P-;^'!^^ J*;'; J ' , .^^ is without any di> ifion ' rmln^ one i;reat for u fce..ud tu ho a n.aiur erf d . ot ^^^ ^; _^^^_^^,p.^ _^,j, ^.,^,^.„,^^ i,^,y ,;,cm. whether tre.e and '^V/J ,'';,' h,ve nitle balkeis. very nuely .vovenfrom „„, frm one lubhanc..\\b^n <'•._. p ^^^^ j.lu.tain-tree, and w.ode.i ,.;„•. brothur u a. deputed -;'^, ^V^^^ i,',,,,, ^hh c.\ u-, neatly carved atid .n- the km", who nlukd on an Hand a me . ^,^^ ^^,^^7^,^ ^^ ^_^^ _^(,^,^^,j dilbu,c°frm that on which tbevbdbjwd their live, he accidentally l'";; ^1 '« ,'• Ua:, at vdch the S«;;;.' 'Pf "^''^ ^:.::; all luuck wlih aiioni'.huien.. as th I I with Ibe'.U. No 01c ev er ftirs abroad wi'hout a balkff, whicii ufiiallv contains lome hce'le-noi, a comb, kni'c, and a if they litlt iwine. Toe l.cll knives are made ot ,11 ftiuck -!''>. ''^"■"'•■""^"'fhhcui a i c of the l.r^e motber-of-pear thought it bad b.ri-.Kda P> •/ ';J^^,'; IXr, rround natr.t-, and tne .u'w.ird Tbevbadnouieaotthciuri.cotpn.tr .. ..^.^^ ^^^^^,,^ .^,^ „nd ib.t, .nd v.ere exreedmrly am cd on J e^ a > ^_ ^P^ ^^^^ ^. ^^ ,^,, „^^,^ fc.ia^ it. uresis. 1 l.^-; P""^'!' '/'"'•''* " ; ., (,,, ,f ,ne Seville kind ; :i,e liandic hi.pe.piec i.bl\oflMn.bw<,daits, .omfive ;> V , cc h ; re f,..i.ncdiu the ibbd wood. t. V'-'>-^^ '-'"1^;:;;: ; rcm::^ TlVnlJmi^hUs are of tortN,l-.i,cll; of tUe bce'le-nt.i l-r.c ; mi : ",^ •'": ■^,^, ^,„a jwine, cord, and filling net-, are well ..cs for dftant marks. ^^ "^ V L .''"t." manufatlur.d troin Vc h,.lk. ot the- co- by means ot a luck two f.et I .n>,. lie ^j^^. ^^^^^,^.^^ ,^..,, .^^^ .„,„.., j chiefs wear a b ne .'ound on of b ^J " ,. ; ^■J.^ ,1,, , „ ^s beds. -pp^a^ed frm a. dllVr^nce injhe -ne -^' ---,,:::, ;:;,;,;;;:\,,,, ,,.3 ,h.v' wore. Captain ^^ d'''",^^''^ "'\';\ J iWe or L i'^hes in diameter, are their with the iii.beli order of 'he hone JV . h hve^^^__ ^^ ^,^^_^^^_ ^^^ ^ „ , ^ ,^^ ,^^^ rcfpcft to propertv in '''^' "J';;,,;; toif, i^ here remarkably beautiful; and P E M moulJing it into little trnys nr Hiflies ati'l rrtm f„o.,os. Sjnie of the ;;rt.u lulic. hive ai- v.cit. lo br;icflcts ot thu t.imc nuiiu!,ithirc, and ear rings ir!.ii.l with ilitlW. Th<- mtives, in t.,<'iiu-d, arc a Ooiir, •.vc;l-niu1c pcnpk-, riUM.r ,.bove the tnuKllinj; Huu'c, ami ..t a vcrv dcLj) copper colour. Tluir haii- is Ion,',' aid ^eturillv foinuil iiit > one !ari;e loof. curl round tlicir htads. The inci arc tniirtly n.KtsniRK, a county ot &. Wales V n^i''^^ '" lt";^'h' ''^ '" breadth, and lurrminded on .ill tales Uy the lea, ex- tcpt on ti.c E. where it is bounded by Cirmirthenlliirc and Cardiivmlhire. It c mains five market-town^, .ind 145 pa- rilhes, and fends three memhers to parlia- ment. The principM river, arc the h. and W. C.eaheu. A great p.irt of the c.i'nty is pirn, and toleiably teriilc, con- lil'in' of rich meadow ami arable land. bihn !. »o:h r.itn ...- , , , u tooed, and iheir teeth a c made blacK by art. B.th t«^ «f'- very expert at (w,mo;..„^..^.-..-.^---^j^ „v,„ntain nr,, '-"^^ •;"' ;^ wd^nd-ttd; upa 'th^..!;^eJ^.C yield, g-d pdU.re tor (i:v<.i', thai tiurv ^^iH unn..) u\Qi\ ui» 'i"; * . , ' r^r^i^. . „....,_ ^ ,q thini' which nt.'raas thtir n.tiee from th bottom of the- lea. The c .ruUitl of the'c people lowar.l the Vaw,\<\U was uni- fornily coiu'tcus aiul" aitmiivt, accom- panied wiJi a politencCs '.vl;uh Uirj^-.^L- thulc who v> ere tile nbjedL; i|.i oanpany ere>'ti-<' a nonu- ITient o-er n'b iiravt in Rolheih'i.ic ctiir,:l,vard, wheie he sva» buried. _ T :i^le illani^'are enciuled on the W. fi'e by a reef c' coi .1. rhl.I'"'A. a town IP L-''''er H angary, cspi'^il ' f a c iinty rf ihe lam. name, near (beep and cattle.' The couniy-tuun is Ptmbrrke. Pis'A Garcia, a town of Portugal, in Beira. with a calUe. It wa. taken by Piiihp V. in 17 4; but he retired trom 11 at the .ipproai-h of the adies. I' is hx moe-< K. of Jdanha Vclna. Lon. 6. 6. \S' lat j(). 40. N. PiNALVA. a town of Portugal, in Bcira,' 'tr'ted on a bill, with a ealVk, ei^ln miles b. of Coiii.bra. Lcn. 8. 17. W. lat o. 4- N. Pf*. All lER, a tiAvn of I'ranct, in t.-' the D-.u'.b. ; I ; miles N. of Buda. Lon. >Si. 20. K. Kit. 47. 4'3- N. ._ , Peila, an anc'cnt ro>vn o*^ Turkey in Euroj-e, ;n Jai.na, y nrle^ W. of Salr- nkhi. Lon. 21. :;• l'-- laf- 40- 4'- r^- Pi 1.0SO. a i<"n ••'? the Im^doin ot IJapluS, 'S 'ii'de- \y.of B.>ri. Lon. 16. 10. V. hi. 4'' -•'• ^'- r « f • PuMDA. a Imall provmcc of Atnea, in Cor^o. Tbr- ca; i-al is of tb.c lame name. Lon. 1^. 1-. K. lat. 7- .V5- ^ Pt:vH'MM.K, a UvA\ tow fordO-.ire, vM-.h a ii^uket on Tucf.av ; fea-.ed < .. the river Arrow 1 2 1.111^ ^■ W.of Hereford, and .^5 W. N. VV\ of L-nd.n. Lon. 2. 4 = -^^. at. ^:. '4 N. P ^1;u'0K^. the onn-tal of Pembroke- fl..ire, in S. Wales w-it'h a market on Sa- turvlPy. li n comuiodi-idly leated on the iniieriti'l: ceck of MiL^ord Haven, oyer vhicli are two ha:HV me bri.A-.cs It is a v.elUbudt place, bui in a Oate < f dccine, the .•avit„viDn to it Uiu;; mjvirc.l bv ibe rubbilh of the hmcrtone-qiuines near it. ]i i. furrounded by a wall, with three depart.ncnr of Aude and iatt pr..yincc rf Languedoc, four miles N. of Civcaffonn'.'. L-n. J. 1=;. E. lat. 43- >^- ^'• ^ ,, Penuinsis, a caOte m Cornwall ftandin:^ on Falmouth Bav, on a hul if the f.-.iVe nane. It was built bv Heniy VIII. tor the lecurity of the c aft ; an 1 on the opplirc TmIc of the hiy is anotlut called St. Mawes. It ii feaied a little to the S. E. -f Fahvou'h, 282 milei W. ly S. (f London. Lon. 4. 56. W. lat. ;a PrsEMU.VDF.H, a fortrffs of Girmany, in tbeCTcleof Upper Saxony and d'u-hy (.r Pomerania, leited on ibe ill-- "i i"t- d ■m, at the mouth of the rivers Pene an"! Oder, where they f,ili into the Baltic. It n rf Ml re- i^ lubjta to tlie km^ of Prul'.ia. Lon. 14. , Cr': ft n^i ftl^ f^-^ - ofAltenburg frA'k It " a'c^oration: has tu. 59,N. churches, and lends out; member to parhii 10. E. lat. 14. 16. N. Pi-NCuiN IsiANP and Ba.y, on tl.s coart c'- Patag<-vna, in S. America, are ,U miles N. of Port St. Juhan. Lat. 47. PLNTrnF., a (*rnng town of Portugal, in Fftr-'madora, witll a Hood naibour an! acit:.del, .5imiL. N.e.'Liibon. Lon.., ^ E. lat. i<). 16. N- , ^ . ,,,. ■ PvKiCK, a town of Germany, me circle of Upper Sivnv, aod in Mi'.nia, beloin-.n:; to the etenor ot Sax.my.^ It :^ fcated on the river Multc, eight nriues !•.. Lcn. J2. 44- E. lat. ;'■ ). IN. • • V Penmscola, a town of Spam, in ^ '- . " Itncia, ■'^^mm^Bm^^ms -;,-s^sss^mm^»^ PEN ii 10 miles S. E. nf Hsverford- JJ7 \V. by N.ot L.ndPtn. Lun. • lit. SI. 43- N. iriKisiliRK, a cnnnty ot b. 7 miici m knjnh, iS in breadth, iindol on all tai.s l.y tlie lea, ex- tit E. whtTC if is bounded by Kiilliirc and Caidii; mlhire. It five ni:irki;t-toun!., ,ind 145 pa- id fends ihrec mcmhers to parli.i- rhe principM rivers arc the E. Clcdhai. A grcit p.irt of the s pirn, and toleiably tcnile, ccn- f rich mcadiiw and aralde land. E. pirt alone is m nintain nii , however, yiilds good paftiirc f^r nd cattle. The county -luun is \ G\RriA, a town of I'ortugai, . with acaftte. It was taken by /. ill 17 4; but he retired trom u nppioarh iif the adie?. \ is fix ■, of Manha Veliia. L'>n. 6. 6. jq. 40. N. ALVA, a town of P.irtimal, in 'tr'.ted on .1 hiU, with a eal\k, tiKl't ,, of Coin.bra. Lon. 8. iv. W. 4- N. MI lEK, a tii»vn of Francf, in t;-' Ticnr cf Aiide and latt pr..vincc rf cdoc, friur miles N. of CivcafTonn'.'. . »;. E. iat. 43. >i*.N. jniNNis, a calcic in Cornwall iir on Falmouth B^v, on a hul if iVe naiic. h was built bv Htnty tor the feeurity of the caft ; ar, i - opp lire fide of the hiy is an<'tha St. IMawes. It ii feaied a little to E. -f Falirou'h, 282 milci W. ly London. Lon. 4. 56- W. lat. :a KEMUKDF.K, 8 fortrffs of Germany, : circle of Upper Saxony and .I'U'hy Miiennia, feited on the ifl>- "f ^'''^- at the mouth of the rivers Pene and , whe.-e they fall into the Baltic. It jtft to tilt kmv; of PruHia. Lon. 14. i. lat. c4. I'-.N- , „ , ■NCuiN IsTAKP and Bay, on ths c'-' Patagovila, in S. America, are iSi , N. of Port St. Julian. Lat. 47. [iNicHf., a (*rnng town of Portugal, ftr-'midura, uirti a Ho^d naibour an! rdJ„ 3 1 mil^> N'. of Liibon. Lon. .;■ ,. lat. 39. >6- N- , ^ . ,,„ tKiCK. a town of Germany, 1" "<• c of Upper Sivuv, aod in Milnia, iii-.n-' to tiie ttcMor ot Saxony.^ It ;^ cd on tiie river Multc, eight itiii-s l'-. Alttnburg. Lrn. jj. 44- E. lat. ;-■ 'eniscola, a town of Spain, in ^ »- Itncia, PEN ,he hde ot the IVU">« J. ,^(. ^„. N. of Vauiicia. Lon. 1. »• ^'>-^' .„rs a town of StatVordlliirc, Pt.NKRinr.F. a town ^^ ^^^^ ^,uhaf»»l '•'■^^^'Xii.e 2.bu^ o. W. lat. ->2. ^\-^- tremendous ,< ( ' iinarv( nliii''-i '" ' . , precipice ot «-;""•; ,^„, ,„,w Ictur.ly overbann.nK the lea ou ^^.^^^ crolT.d bv a ^ood road. S.W.ofAberconwa^ -^ Atturias, leated -" tit r . e « > ^^^ miles S.W. of Oviedo. Lon. 5 5 '•"pt'vvA'FriH.atownnfSpain.inAn- dalui.a, .0 '"l^^ J^- ^' jJ Lon. 4- '^^ Icated near the river Xenii- ^P^J^-Al:lanvcrwh,ch riles, n the •^"'^''^ ^'^ ^^n:;e;uir^^^- «-'^'- r:^uddapl -^ Vfnore enters the S,ofBen,:]a,Ganuapa.iMn.. ^,^^ U.ntlKNlediterranean,.Jr.l ^^ of Vclez. It w»s built by i < a r ^^^^ Navarre, in ' ^0/; - ,»^, ^.Ue' Spa- niard. in i^^H- '" who e h in^l ^^^^ tmues. Iti. 7 0mle. E. ot ^ ' j^^,_ lias a (^ood hat bout. Lon. 4- «>• ^>;VJ^v..VAStA,one of the Uniretl r c V Amend, bounded on the t. States of N. Am'; .\; ..„,j p.rtlv by the bythenverl3e.aw,ic, n ^^^^^^.^^^^ ocean; on the V\ . m .„„r.,.ts it fioui „fChefipeakBav..vU>ch epK..^j_^^^^^^ Maryland inntNK^^^^I^^.^^,^ , nations ; and on the b- 'V .^.,a .-veil watered 'V t- D^ ^« ^^^ ' ,^, other navig.Me /■^/^'(^""rt of the pro- Ihips come up inio xU lear .^ vinee. The P^-''!^^ ;,t .vax. ikins, corn, cattle, tmo-., P"*''' '.,, ,,,, \v. Luha wr of fraall iilands. TEN ;l;;>,.;'iv::r£.L';t....M..-. lat. sJ. 17' '!^' , wcU-bi.lt town of -■••"'"■ r';;"-'::;;;"t^'f Pl.'"'.''''^'»^^'f.'\;i Vs nt'.'l^l'-'^l>'-J- ,,i, „ niiles ..ot C r.lU ^^_ j^^_ N. \V. of Loud". L'"- »■ ■* ';4- 4'J. t^- , , a, ,,f r, inwal!. with ,h,ee '•'''1^'=;^''";^'; V ,'r pav.nons, '■''^'^'''■''•T,;''.' e t- ■•..Ini.utUHa- vtn, an,l lia» a K'« • > ■ 5 i; ,s three and Nevvtouu.ian.1 " ,, .d zM.W.by i . M W 111 I'/i'iioU'li, ana i"' / miles N. \% . " • ... 1 , .Q_ lo.N. S.,.L.id;n.I^ui.4.;^ .--.^wnof Pi N«Ai'»i.A, i.^ _,,■.•!• ua'.ed on a W. Florida, .nN.Am^-,,)^ f,,,,,,, '^'V°^«'^'^^"io!; ,u; r wi"''=veliVls ^^p-::;;cu'r1'V;:ASCK. apopt, J'-lir'^f'Coniwaa w.h a ...ket '" "?'?"::;d i Vn^^^ed : v a mivo,-, a tow Is ; ana i» v. ., 1 , , r .minor- --V''rTh:c;::;:ul^^->""'f rouncil-incn. i n^ ^'•^' , . . , ;< ^ , ,„dc diaance . ^We -. .. Uie^i ^ chapelm the. -V ' ,\ , , ,^. W. by Senan,at.heLand I.idam ^•'?h°'^S"a'":to;Jni::^S-e;'e,.hin. ..iaiamarket^-,. -fr- „,:,,, f,.,, „„ ,1,, ,,vu C.v . „i,^„ vv. of ha.sandure..d .. sie . ^ ^_^ ^^^^^_ ».uh. and 11: ^> ■'') ^■ ^•rp!'::,'ra';.^u->entof,he Ruf- nt.f.thirei..Seotland S.eO.eU^^ ^^ ' ^''""'se tlnd . 'he coun.y of SS;^-S; .bout ten miles ^T^;.'^;;:;^-SKK.ui.s.aci..terrJ rock^attileE. entrance orPentland. nth. -4i r F. K V V. R PKQV'lf.NY, a town of liance, m "" .t.,i.N. the : <'ini«- "*iiie, Pn Culnirb '! C.)nliamin.)pl<;, where the forci.ti an.h.lT.ul...^ u'u.aiy re- fulc. It IS inhimtd hv ChriHuiiH of fcvcral /'"" '" vines, and 1,1. miles N.Vy. of IV.vas. Pkkcxsi xw.aunvn of Riiifn. m the t.^vcrnaatu of Kiof, 44 "lilcs S. I'., ot the r„svn of Kiuf. Lon. 31. 50- ^- '■''• 5^' O.N. CIS; btin,; aiiout ico mihs in kni;lli, aii.t ijo in hrc.idth. The Dutch btvanic mat- ters of it in 1630; but the I'ortugiicte ri took it. It produce, a great quantity oi lu;' ir and Ikatil wood. ^ i'lUNK, a town of France, in the i.i • pirimcnt of the Moutlis of the Rhone aii.l l.rc inovincc of P.ovLiirc. It is the birt , pre 'rovtiirc. ra i :,nd on the W ■ bv Mync It ;,mc from a foron. ond i^ pretty fertile. .11 now forms, svnh part ot Normandy, tiie dcpavtmt'.U of Oriic. Pn'iKH,.. S.cPKKrop. Pi:^tc/,AS, a town ot Upper Ihin- r-uv, capital of a county ot the aine rUu'. .onu■.■..F..bv^^ofTockay. Lon. «.! '6. E. i;>t. 4'i. y-^- . ^ p"kr.;a, a town of Turkcv in Eiirrpo. 5n Aibani.;, onpofite the illmd of Corfu. •Lon. 20. ly. H I'l'' V^- +-^- '^- . „, , ■ ,„ ■ Pf R(;,\M'>, an ancient town of 1 urkty •Jh Afin. in Natoha, with a bilhop o fee - tai-.fs its pnverntiicnt of Livonia, with a caH.c ftated near the mouth of a river ot tli • fame name, 3 <; miles N. of Riga. Lon. 23. 37. F,. iat. C-i. id. ^^' , „ PkkNIs, a Itron^towii of Francr, in too department of the Snails of C.vl.ii.. and Inc. province of Artris, feat.d on to.- river Clarenrc. . 7 miles N._\V. of Arra., L(.n. t. 31. E. lit. 5"' *''• ^'- . ,. Plkonm:, a Oroni^ town of France, in the department of b-mme and late pro- vince of Ihcnrdy. It is called the \iii;i.j. bccaulc it has n.vfr been taken, ihou|b ften bcr,ei;ed. The caftle is remarkao'c from Its moimi, anu ,^ ^. - ,., France It is feated on the rivur Chifon.^ if. mH' S. W. of Turin. Lon. 7. 10. E. Iat. 44 "miles in k,>-ih, and 60 in brcadih , a- boundm, in iron-mines, and the air pu e and hcAi:hv. It now forms the depart- Tnf nt of Dordoene. . "PKitt.u.vj.^ an --";^^'\3; w^ti;'::;;jei;:d:i:;'um;eriity.and.ih,- France, capital of the deparPnent o Dor ^ >,=^ ? ^ j-^,,,,,,, ,,, ,],c river Ta dogne and late province of Perigord, uith ''"'P^^'^.f; ,^ I ^ i^n.Uome b,id,;t) partly a ' ^ V ^ "Pi RiMc.s-AN, a confidcrahlc to-vn of hrance, in the department of ilie L.iftern Pyrene and latr" province of Rouliiilon, ;g„. ;..i'h.. P'ovi.." »f ''!"»™r'„r ,; ' , >,i id, . 1 ."Jfom. i.ii.i.») p«;if * •.>^ijf5plp»ea^3aa^SSs»,'iiSSS5 3«a^s*«a^^^^»«^'^'^-*****^^^^^ V H R 'dt-.^omilcS. W.ofLiniocti. K. lat. 4«. w. N. ■» g"vetniiitiit of Rutrii, f.ir- )vmie 'f KiiCin, It i. .lividtd pr'vinci . . n.imilyr I'crin, tin which 1. (,t <\w. (.irnt name, the rivtr K.iiii.i, wlure it re • ZcKi'rhckh.i; ,111(1 Catiiirintn. [e Cipif.ll ..t which, nf thr 1.11, u, ctH'd not lar from the lomcc ( . Ildll. Miiucn, a prnvincc of Hmfi;, crici, b )iind(.(l nn the N, hy T..- I thf L',. by thf "ccin ; on the S. Ippi'; and on the W. hv T ipj) - ,; .lii.iut 2C0 mil'.s in lLiii;ih, .in. I It.idth. 'J'lic Diiiclibccinic mat- in ifijo; l)ut ilie I'lirtugiieic rt It produce^ a great cjuantity ot Hr.llil wnnd, K, ii town of France, in the ili . ol'thr Miiiiths .;f the Rhone ami net of ProvLiirc. It is the bin'. the ctlcbni I 1 orator Flcchicr, ( Ni'mcs, and ii fenttd a little lo if Apt. i< N t AU, a town of RuiTn, in the tilt of Livonia, with a caftlt -, car the tiimith of a river of tli luc, }!, milts N. of Kiga. Lou. K. lit. ss. id, N. Nis, a Itniii,; town rf Franrr, In partnient of tlic Sii.iits of Cal.ii. [•■ prnvincc of ArtrU, fu.it.d on tUr -l.irvnrc. 17 niilcb N'. W. of AfHi., . 31. E. lit. 50. 2y. N, ONNi;, a Ilroni^ town of France, In ;xirtmcnt of S.nimc ami jait- pi" f I'lcnrdy. It is called tht Vii;;i,', it has nivir bem i.ikcn, thoiijli [•■Citged. The caftle is rem ukaiiV impnlonnitnt of Charlio the Sim- 10 litre iliirerabli' en(!ed his diys ■, this calH.; 'he duke of Buij'.undy :1 Lev/is XI. three dayr,, till lx ed to fi^n a treaty diri!dvantai;/'(.ir, cc. Peroiine is feated on tl'.e livt: , 17 miles S. \V. of Canibrav, iind y N. of Paris. Lon. 3. 2. Ii. I..! N. oUb.A, n town of Pieiliiioiit, tin. ice of the valley of the fame nar.u , ittd on the ri\ur Cliifon, 16 niik . :if Turin. Lon. 7. lii. E.ht. 44. PIGVAN, a tonfidcrablc to'vn of in the department of tile EalUru ;:; and late province of R^uliillnii, ^ood citadel, a univcrfity, and a bi- ce. It ii, feated cii tlic river Tit hich is a handlbiTie biidjie) partly n, and pr.rtly ou a hill, ico niilc> b. E. P E R 8. F.. of Bourdcaux. Lon. % 0. F.. lie. 41. 41. N. PKUsi-i-d, idoliicri of Pcrfu, notv Ic.ittercd into iltFercnf pirn, hut rliuriv in the K. Imt . . J'licy arc w 'rlJiipp.i> ot fire, or at ieill tiay I'" k ii;'"n iliat n. an tndil'.i'i of ih.' Siipreir.' H.inj;. 11. -y arc oiiiersMie eftlltd Ciiiebris, On the C'lnqiie-ft ■'{ I'tilii hy the Malio'iKta' -, tlitv rcmovej to liulii. Z>r>iiter wis the f under of their IV.'^. Th-y rr);ard II Hs a uriat rjinie to ivtinjtiuili lire of •uv kind. Th'-v hive l.nnps in th"ir ttiiiplr,, uhicii they iidert luvc burnt for «ii;iny a(, beinji; irritated, recording to Diodoriis, at llie linlit of Soo C'liei ks vvhuin the P-i'- lians had criuliv nuitiliUed. Otiicrs 1 iv, that liein.; intoxicated, li-j was inl;ii',,i'td by the e urtt/..m Thais, to fit it en (ire. Jt i:> ihoii.'ht to be the i'liie that is n They have cotton in irrc st a'uni- d'Hi'", and, anionj^ otl,er donxlHc animah, c.ui, , biitiilots, and iyirles. In fever.d place naptlia, a fort of l)irumcn, rif'cs out i;f the ground, and t'.uy have mines of ^i.ld, l";l <■, iron, Tii'key-llones, a"?! fait ; but ihe i.i il two of ihele arc n:'i worked, in a.;c.miit of the I'cartity of wond. Tb. .'y have a preat deal of cotton cl'ith, foi e pearh. and a laryc quantity of li;k, bcfdi; luanufuclgiits of llik. and ver.v line carpets. PER Tlipy have ^Ifo ill tort* of frulu, execllrnt ••iiir, .ind A '.;ri'it n.imvr of iniil.ieiry. tl'ec., will) lile leaVkt •>f vvhikit ihev feed the filk " iriiis •, lo.>\viie d^t,-., pil) i, hi >• nut', aiul trc^t wiucU pi ducv mmiM. They have l.tr, e i'oikk'f lliirp an 1 >^oa'»j and tiic t.iilk of the' firmer iie ot h mm* Ar'iUi li/f. 'I'll' V are |,'em'r»llv Matn- Itirtins ot the le.'tof Ah. llpaUiii is tlit capit d. Pi Rs I A. GlM-K OF, i!ir);c I'.ulf of Afi«, he'.wien I'un'ia .ilid Ar^lua Felix. I'ho rnir.ince neir O'n.us in not above ri(t>e nf nine atche.s. It h.ib tw.i tli'iiihes, one of which beiot>;'cd f")iliieily to a tin-; ahaey. P'rth, in toniier times, Ills been the rifuUntc of the loveriii;n» of Scd-I.uvl, and the leat of the pir'iament and of the fupretie courts of 'ulliee. Tor tide Come, up a- t.ir as tbi', |i itt, and tlf. liver is niv;gab!c 'or fm.dl veirds. fir wlpcii reilon it i!>a lliorilliin,^ 'o.vn. Here is a i;rt.!t linen and cort 'n in'iiiuf.ltb in, an I Siirlini;; and on the VV. liy Atfiylcllure. It tx'cnd, about <^o milt, troin E. to W. and n-.irlv the foi^c from !i. to S. Tiie n'.rtherii ilillri^.f, called Aihol, is uucomir.nnly wild and mount iinoiis. I'ku I H Amuov. a ftaport in the flats nf S'-w jerity, in N. Aiiuiiea, fe^icd "n a neck of land, included between the nvcr Rariian and Arthur K.u!l S lund. It lie-, svan, I'n tbo W . by ilio So lib S^'a, on tlic S. ny Cloli, and on the E. h/ a ridi^e of ^-r 'd'j^i tit nv'Unt li'is, called the A 'ide'j.' Ft i- unout 1500 niileii in length fium U. to S. and PER „r, in breadth from E. to W, between ,h* ' Andes av.d ti,c S.u.h Sea ; but .. other place, it is nu.cl, hr.acer. It .Kvcr rains ifl this co.mry, a.Kl they Iv^rdly know what liirbtniiv, ar.d th.in.icr a.t, unlcls toward the top of the ibov. moun- tains; f,.r when the rnarh...nat-.c,ans_trorn France were there, to nicduve a ...v^rte of latitude, while th'7 were making their oblervraions, they not only ^|<^v it I,.rh,en, but heard the thunder below thfr,, for thcv verc. above the clouds. Ail the top. of thefj n.runt.nns arc co- vered utth inow 10. v.iy groat he.^Mt/ a-,ul there are feveral volcanoes, which burn contP-u'llv ; lometimes '"ch torrents of water will a.lcend .■■ -o "Verfiow the vho.e couwtvv for a ctr.;u.i Ipace. liic befl ho.ifes in this cnur.irv are m:.rto ot a fort of rwcd;, hkc b-UTib.-c.- canes, and co- vered with thatch, or palm-leavei._ 1 l>ey have a kaid of ll^iier.cs or balconies, bu ihcr. ;. ... w.-dkins Along the fl'-r. • . 1 .■ .- * • V\a *i/ri. lit' I w'tliout r.Tak\ng \he whole ftnifturc cro-tn. T'.i'c'^c"'are lar^'e fnrelU on th^ f,de< of the ir.ountains, v.udi advance nwrthc fea; bur none of their tree, are l.ke tbofc m Ki.rope. T .c buds are nmch fuperior to the European tor the beauty of tlvir pluma.-e ; but their notes a,c x4rv disagreeable There are few birds near the lea. and ^%J^"r^'^l'::^ keepntadif-ancefromir. The D,rd called the toucan, which ,srennrka,.K- for lav. ;„l..b.nas large as us oody,i=c, lied the ..teacher by the Spaniards, taou,;h It IS as lute as a hlb- 3' has b.eu pcnerallv feid ther. are lions hen:, but that which they calUois more like awolt than a Inn, an/ncvera.ra,ksmarhu.ch lhe.gm art as large and (lerce as thofe of AfiK,., though ->oc of th. l.mc colour : howe^er n U iiapnv lor the ir.habnan-s that there arc but v.ry ''-^ "f ' '^;'- , ^:;: psr.'s are very countio", .nd ieveral lor.s l^f ihcm d.nf^crou.; r^-"'"!'^'-'^' »^%^" ■ t'efnako. which d.xs not ue: awav tio.n „c'; like ti-.c reft. There i.re kveral T1&. bk. ti.ic in Europe, bet they ^c ^aftlv l...,er. The "rrhwor.n. are as Ion.- as a man's arm, and as to ck , his'ht^mb; there are alio fpukrs u,- ;l.rcd wirh ha;r, and as laruc as a pigeon s ,.,,/ The bats are of a momnous Uv.., l^A will U>^^ «l'« '''"'"' "f '^"'"?' Tt"' S.vcnofn:enwho «p.n.hc leks and .hey have ^ntirclv ac^1ro^ed Ju, ;.icat ;,e -vhich the miilio,.^--^ ad tiiuo- aured ini itcointrv N. of "ciu. 1 l.t r ,ousbi-e.cHUedacon,or.orcY^.lor .» pnh.ps the Ur.T'.l m the world ; to t P E R buck. The animal called the guanaco it peculiar to S, America, for iione have ever been found in N. America, nor any other country. It is conmonly caled a can>,el-(heep, and has hmething ot the (hapc of a camel, without any bunch on its oack. There are two iorts of then,, one covered with a very fine rcddi.h wr.ol or hair, which is a valuable commodity. They arc but (mall in companion ot a camel, and were uled to "rry burdens of about 50 pounds weight, betore hor t. wee ,ntrociucet which they u,akctbre-d, and feverao^her fmill matters wiiicb iIkv trade vvith, and which nV-ht ht ea-aiy fioien. 1 hey j;" naked, ^n 1 paint tiielr bod.«s with a red drug, called 'rocu. The fame man ts of all trades, for he builds his own luit, con- ftrufts his own canoe, and weaves lin own cloth; but if a large haa'.e .stone buib for common «ie, everv one lends a helping hand. Their fKitt is of a red copper colour; and ir.ey have no be.ud „orha.r on any part of the.r bodies ex- cept their he.ds, where It IS black, long, aui co.-.rrc. Thole that are not much ex- pMVd to the weather, ave nf a ihihter col.ur than the reft. The native, who live at Qiiitofecm to be ''\^'\f""'. temper; i^''- tbev are extremely uhe. and oitup.d, that tiu.y will iit whole days to- ucher upon rheir heels, without fmr.ng^ !';r fpeaking, Ti>eir garment '^ ^ /"-^t o a f'.ck, with hcles to put ther arn; . .brough; and this is given them bv .hen „,ufttrs as part of ■, heir wages. K.m .. ,,„xtureoflbenar,ve An.er,misano the Spaniards anles a third kind, ea cd T-vl-Uics, who are iUu;itimate ; howeser, they have all ti,e privileges ot a Spaniard and are the perfms who carr^ ^.^ ^ rrPdes; f-.r the Spamards think tt bt ^ traces; fir me .»>....> • „, uh tbem to .rcd.'le with any thing ot th^s fort : they behave in a more tvran- n,,al manrveM- over the real American . than cveu the Spaniards themfelves, inlo- mtichthat ihegoeernor ..onhgedto te- prefs their infolence. It was 1;^ ■'0-^'- hat r lu-vcr rrns, but this nm! be a. - dcrft,«.dofthefn..hparts;for.nthcnortl. where the morauua. arc not fo h.^f..^^-^ -^, ""wlf^^^'^'^ R*^'"' P E R "he animal called the guanaco it to S. America, for none have , found in N. America, nor any jntrv'. It IS conmoiily called a •en, and has I'omcthing i.f ihe a ciincl, without any hunch on There are two forts of them, ■ed with a very fine rcddiih wnol which is a valuable commodity- c but ("mall in companion of a nd were uled to carry burdens of , po'inds wtif^ht, bctorc horlts trotuuc.l. Peru is inhnbiitd by iard-, who conquered it, ano by ,.e Americans. The latter, who ne the forefts, form, as it were, i\m\\ republics, which are Oi- )V a SpMnilh prieft, and by thtir r'. aliiH.:f1 bv the oni;inal natives. ■vc as officers. They have no for'liev leave 'he doori ot thi ir wavs open, th'ui^h thev hiv. cab'v.lhcs, and a l--t of aloes, ot hevinakc thpru, andfcvcralo'hcf nntvs wiiich ihiy trade xyicii, an.* iv^vhr he tauly fiolen. Thty yp ,n\ paint tlicii- budl«s with a red ailed rocu. The fame nan is of ic3, for he builds his own iuit, con- Ids own canoe, and weaves hii orh ; but if a large h.iu'.e is to ne ir common ulo, cvcrv one lends a . h;.nd. Tluir (kin is of a red ' colour 1 and they have no b.ard :r ,,' with hcles to put thur arnr. ^h; and this is t;ivcn them bv theu- rs as part of ihetr wa-es. Promr. ireof ihe native Americans aiioUu- ards anles a tltird kind, cahcd ics, who are iUi^itimate ; however, hav e all the privileges ot a Spumard, are the perlons who carry in a.l .,; f-,r the Spaniards think it be- 1 them to ired.'le with any thinir ot lort: ihey behave in a innre ivran- rnanm-M- over the real Americans, even tiie Spaniards themfelvts, mlo- a that the kr.u-crnor is onhg'-;' to le- , their inlbience. It was Um atme if never rriw, but this mult le ai- •,vidorthernHiparts;f.)rinthr..orni, re tlu' nio«i;v-iini are not to hi;;.u 't P E S f „m« PxceffiveW ; infomuch tliat S : o g tSer'i; fearch of g. M, S^'^ftencai^riedolTby^eun.lUetoine. n.fs of .be climate. ^ ';"; '"- ^^^ ,. ^i-,.r the Andes, where they are p..-" be: fid It fo cold that they are o.e..r^- 7nn to death. Thev have a gre.'.. num- i;;u^rrbr<;5.^-.--hareofex- ctlkntule;p.r,:cular»ythe e^msbuk and Peruvian liallam. The Spam.i. s h"ve ,nr''ucvd,n,nv herbs, plams, and t;^esnmfMir-,pe, which thrive here very ;::ihUd the f,U. they pr..uce are d.- liciou. Tui^ co.n-ry is *' '^^ / th-ee srreat audiences, which are Q^mo, n lis^R'Ves, a..:lDe-l.s-Charcos. I'e- n:hatu-e,.n. celebrated for nsmuics ^ 'tw and fi.er,.l..ch have pnurelueh uiures int. Europe. Its cap.ral is Li- %..-„Gl.x a town of Italy, in the citv, Willi a uri.ng c^i-. ii , 1 K;m,n\ fee The cburc.ies, ^na i;.!:':e;^biiildmgs,pubhc and private. ; Jerv hand'o.iie. It is 'eared on a hill, 'I'.^ilc- N. of Rome. Lon. w. .o. E. from the city of that name, m th. pro- PET ta-di-Penna, and lOO N.T.. of Naples. PKscniK.tA,almantownof Italy, in theVeronefo, with a cattle, and a tmrng I t;(cltelUmtherlver^lln.w.or^len- ,o, vvhicii p.ixceds irom the lake CUrda. ,6 miles W. of Vc.ona. Lon... 4. ^^ '"'ivVt^S an ancient town of France, in the department of Heraiilt and late p;r;i;c;;run,u.d c. ir is d.h,htfui^ 1. .^ _..,,. i\in. II nines N. E. E. hit. 43- 1- """-' ' "r i-Pfruaino. It is almoll P'lind, Ik-- :;;;:"v;o.!Sles,n diameter, a.d in It "^V'"u;>l^^orar-mceoflt:dv,inthc tcrrU. rv of the church, bounded on the \v bv Tufcaiiv, on the S. by Orvietauo, oVthe\V bv t^e duchies ot Spokto and ^£, ami on ti>e N. by the county of C'tta Ca'cliana. U is abe.it a5 'mles tn Wns h, and near a. much m br.a.Uh. The air is very pure, and ib,: (oil ferri'e iVi^r^" and' good wmc. The caphal is ''^Su .to, a town of Italy, in the tor. ,Ho,y of the pope, an duchy o^^ with a bllt.op's (ee. It is a la.^e pi , ^vho^e nreets are paved with bricks. The „^lc i< well fortified, tb.e ha, nour e..^t - let and -he cathedral magr.iliccnt. Ihe P, virois are remarkable for producing ,hc I'ulf of Venice, I7 ^^^^ ^- ^^ "^ UrbKana.3oN.E.ofRome. Lon. ■•,3.0. R. lat. 45-_5i-^ P,.c.KA,.ftVnng.own intheking- .l,m fN.pies. feared at the m.u.t ..fa "rith^ lame name, whuhf^^tnto Jhc iiulf of Venice, ei^ht miits f.om Cit- li:aied on the rivi of Be/iers. L-"- 3- 3- '^Pest, a town of U^.ocr Iluni^ary, ca- puarifacountvofvuelanename. leated L the Damibe, in a ^^'Ll^^.^'^l"^'''^ Buda, S.n.ilesS. E.oTrc'.hurg. Lon. - 'Vrr'^w.'a:'a;AintindhanirMn:'ovva ofGer.iun^ u, tiK circle of Auurn and udty of Sola. It is f^ated on -he river d'.IvI, ,0., miles S..f Vienna. Lon. 15. , ^"p':Tc;:K'Lr;F--"ce of China, the chiet in tre «hole empire; boo Med on ^ eI^: vlu- '< a ;..n, lie N. byte great vvull;.ntheW.byChan-ri; and on .... S bv Chan- tong and H-.nin. It con- tains Pcku.;' me principal ehv in the^- a vift number ot vill.ges. The .i r is 'cm r«c, unl.fs when the wind blows frm. t u N. aii.l there is a r.inv leatnn in Hatter end of July, and ttxbeginn,i|5 of \ui.ua ; but ittel.lo.n rams anv ot.itr nn e Th^ (ml is fernle, and pro.luces a f.rts of corn ; and there is (denty <^ cattle, puUe, and fruits. 1 Lev have alfo n ncs of c. al, which is their only fu . There is a great variety ot a"""^^; "J ... hich a fort of cat IS moll ^^'^^'^'^^ > ' J hum- In.g hair about us mck and head. All the riches of China are brought mto ,h„ pr.vince, uarricutarlv to Pekin. Peikh anp r.vtL- ST. a town and n-,rt of Kamtlchatka, in 'be Rulf.an go- Lnm.nrofliku.zk. The town conl.fts of fome miferable loghoules and a few co- n c.l huts. Captain Ch-vke, who (ucceed- eclcaprainCook, and died at fea, was in- terred here. Lon. 15^. 43- ^- '"t- S3- ^'p^TEKBOROtJOH, a citV of Nor- thamptonlhire, withal.-n^ops^^.•e aiida mailu- on Saturday. It is fea.ed on the rW r Ncn, over which is a br-Ige t at Cnds mto' Humingdon'bire m mar ,y aroun.l. It is not a large place, f-r i. It i» £ut one pariOi-church bcf.de the crhe- Sr I ; but the market-place is Ipacuis ::d the fir.iers regular. ^^^^^^^J^'^^ corn, cual, and timber, and fe'^^'' ;« r V E T members to parliament. The cathcd:;l vn, foniicrlv a monaftcry, is a nv\\C\ c ftructure, full of curious wo.k, ami h,i> a larRC ciioir. It is 30 ir.iles S. ot B .■to,,, ami 81 N. of London Ljii. 0. 10. \\ . iKt. ri. 3^. N- , ,r c ■< PiTKiaiF.An, a handfMTie town ft Abcrdccnliiiic in Scoiliuul, litjated near tl,c itiouth ^.t tl>c liver U^ie. It has an txcc.lcn: hari.our, defcialcdby anew per. A c.^nCKkrahlc trade is r.irrv-a on, b .ih in the r.ihtry, and to the B.dtic f..r t -.e prcduainns 01 the Nor. few filhenren s huts Peter the Greiu ur(\ began this city bv theereaion of a ciadi.! witli hx biU tions, in the year .703. Ileba.kahoa fiinll hut for hr.n'Ur, a:-,d toine wrr^fclied wooden bovels. In i7'0, cntnt Go.uv. kin built the lirft hnu'c ot biicV ; and tine next year, the emperor, w'uh his own Innds, raid the foundation of a n^u'.e ol t.'.e kmematciials. Iron, th.h: b^ di o, gm_- „in,.s rote the unpen;.! cuv <.t St. 1 uerl- ho^h; a:-d, in lets than nnu: ycai- att.r ,',. wc"^''''^" hove^ were crtilcd, thele.t c,' en-plrc was iransfernd from M-^lcow tothi' pliC'-- Tot; ftrerts,in i'cntr.d, a:c bread and fpaci. 0, i and three ct the prin- cipal onfs, wbivn ntcetina p.mit at the Adir-rd-v,areat luaft two aides inkiigrti. M„l\ of them arc p-.vcd, hiit a few arc ft.U OiUcrcd to rrMiau, th.orcd wiih pl:-s, :iie b!< ndcd with tue pub- Ik 'buihUn.!'.. Tiu brick hculcs are orna. nunud wuh a white hurc^ wluch has led fcveral travellers to lay, that tli. v are built uf Ikone. The n.anfions of the nobiutjr PET are vaft piles of budding ; furniH.ed with r: cat c >lt, in the f^ine clci;ant ftyle as a: Pans or Lond.m ; and fi;uaied chiefly ou the S. P-de of Ncv:i, e;ih' r in the Admi- ralty quarter, or in tie Cul'-arbs of Livonia ar.d Mo'.'cow, wdiich arc the fincO. parts of the cirv. Ti:e views upon the b.'.nks of the Neva exhibit the granoelt a.ul mult livelv Iccnes ima;;,inab!e. Ti.a* rvcr is lu many places as 'bread as ihcThimcs at kund.Mi : it is alio deep, ra- id, and a« trantparent as crvtl.il; and if- D:inks are lined on each fide with a cmtinued range of handfome buildini;s. On the N. the fortref., the academy of fci.;nce:=, and the .'.ciduiiv of art,, are the nioft fin!' mij oo- j. -Is. On the opnofite fide are ihe inipe-^ rid iial.ice, the adnVfaltV- 'he m?nlu-.ns ot IT any Rulfiitn n' bk', and the Engl.di line, fo^.al.ed becau'e (a few h.mk> excepted) tiK wdt^le row is o.c'.ip'cd by 'he hii,hih mercbons. In the from of ihtle build- iPi^S on the S. fide, h tlie ius to each other, vet ft ill bears a reieinblance to ihe towns ot tins country, and is bulk in a very rtraesding maiini-r. It has been lately tneloled >Mio- in a raiopart, 'he circuni'crencc of which is Lpviues. The inhabkanls c^ this city are com utcd '.o be i jo.coo. From it.s low and marlhy iHuati n, it r Apjceiio inundations, \vhich h.tve occatie.nally iilen fo hi,i;h, ns to threaten ihc f',wn wiih a te.'.l lub-„er;lon, Ti'hc opp-dite dr.ifions „t Pelerrourti,b, firuatcd on each fide of the Neva, are co'nnefted by a bridge on pon- toons, which, on account <'f the Urye maf- fes of ice driven down the 'Aream fr.iin lake Lado.,;a, is ufr.:i!!y removed when thev ftrft make tbtir appeacnce •, ano, for?, few d-ivs, till the river is fiozen hard enoui'h to bear carria<-es, there is no cnm- iv'rMC„ii -n b.:wecn the opprfite piKts c t the K.wn. .Anion;,' the nobU t\ onrii.itnls ,r?eteiihiir-h is an cr^ueftn-.._ Ikitu.^ of IVierllie Great, io lion/e, ot a ceil-sfTal fi/o ; the petkOrl of which is a huj,e mck. I5v tiiis comrivancelhe threat k^iOa-or and tiiih/er <^i his couivry appiars inth." iMtitudc ef afccndini: a precipice, the tum- rai' of which lie h -.s nearly att.uned. It was ercdcd on the pcdefial, by the cm- nrcls in i-Si. Within the wruls ot the for.r«fs is the cathedral of St. Peier and St. Taul, in which arc dtpofned the re-. PET s of building ; ftirni(!.e(l with 11 the T'lric cVi'-int ftyle a^ r.r kI^'ii; anJ fiuiaicci cbicfiy on if Ki.v:i, c'.tlv r in the Admi- •, or in ti.e (ul'iirss ff Livonia ■. which arc thi.- fincO, ;};ms of 'i:f views upon the lii'.nks of xhibir t!iL' grandrit a.ul m^A imai;,in.ibic. Ti.,t nvcr is in » as bn.'^d a;, ihc Thmus nt ; is ail') i'.f.:p, rrr id, and a« as crvft.il; and it' b:i'iks are h fide with a c.intinutd rani^e t buildm^is. On the N. the academy of fci-'nce^ and the art., arc the nioft liril'inij ob- he oppofite fide are ih^' mip----^ he at'mi'-.ihv. 'h'.- m^nfions of ill n b',u-. and the Engl. .h line, MUf (a !'e\v hi>u;'L> exee;)ti-d) ow ii o.c'.ip'ed bv 'he Eii,li!h III ;hc from of ihtfe bui'.d- e S. fitlc, ii the f his cnun;rv appears in th." F afecndini; a precipice, the fum- lich lie liM ncarlv att.iined. h .cd on rhe pedeKal, by the em- i-Si. Within the walls of the i >hc cathedral of St. Peier and in which arc dtpofiud the rt- PET I*t I A i-.ini of Peter the Grcst, and of all_ the luc-elli-e ro.erei,t;ns. excrpring thole of Peter II. buried at Mo'cow, and of the on'ort laarr. Peter 111. interred in the ^invent of Ale< nder N.vlki. IVterl- ba.->rhii 35; '■•-'l-'' N. W, nf Mitcow, -50° N. K. of Vicnni. ■;:? N. K. of Co- penhi^eii, and ^00 N. E. of St-ckhohn. Lcn. ?\ms. R. ht. 59-('-l:^- ^ Pevkk5FIFI.i>, a handlo.ne birou",h of Hainpiiiire, wirh a imrKet m Sttmd.iv, iVatcdn., the river L ..H^^n, tS lade's N. E. of Portlmouih, mi s! i>. VV. .1 Lon- don. Lon. o. ^S.W.l'.t. S«- -• '■-• P .TF.'isHACKN, a fiwn of (jciiv.any, i:> the circle of Weitphala and princi- pihrv of MMvlen, feated on the river Wefer, three miles from Mindcn, and 37 W. of Tlanover. It bel-)nii;s to the king of I'ruir.a. Lin. 9. 6. R. lar. 32. is- ^■ "■■ pKTKRsHAV., a villige iu Surry, n- ruitcd on the Thames, on the S. fide of K ichmi.nd UiU. The church was a clu- pel of tJt to Kini;flon, bur, in 1761), was formed into one vicar.v-.c with Kew. It is near 10 miles V/. S. VV. • f I>'ndon. Pktf.uwaRadiv, a foniird town of Sclavonia, one of the ftront;clt frontipr viUces die hou'e uf Auftria has againll tiie 'Purks. It i» fe ited on the river Danuoc, between the Save and Dravc, 3; miles N. W. of Belgrade. Lon. 10. 30. E. lat. 43. :.5. N. PethF'^ I'fi'^j 3 town in Somcrfetflitre, .;et on Tueldav. It is iVated Pf T r vroLi. V. a fcaport of the penin- fula '<: Mindoofiaii, on the coalf of Coro- nvindel, where the IJutch h.ivc a fattory. Lon. ,4'^ />. E. lat. . N. P r TYOt'R, a h.irbour in Fifeihirc, abmr i n.ile of Scotland, dillant from v.'u'i a ir.ar..w. .... on the river Parrcr, iS miles S. by W. it Wells, and .?? W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 4t.>'--l'it. 50. ^6.N. PETKif.lAS'c a town or It.ily, in 1 ir- sanv, and in the Sienncfe ; eijrhr miles W. of Cartr.), and 43 S. K. of Sijni..i. Lon. ,,.^l.E.Ut.4^.^^.^. PkTIT GvavE, a leaport of the \. . Indies, in the illand of St. Dommgo, (V--t- cd on a bay at the W. end of the iila-d, and lubj:-ft to Prance. It is 202 miles R. of famaica. Lon. 72. 25. W. lac. i3. Petkikow, a town of Great Pihnd, n '.he iial.-.tiiiate of Siradia, hojiiiks S. W. of Vl'arlasv. Lon. 19. ^('- R- l^'t. 51. 12. N. , Petrin'.x, a fmuU but firnuii,- town ot Cro^-ia, iVated on the river Petiina, and rubjt tothehoufc of Auftria. It is :? n-iiles 1'.. of Carlolladt. Lon. 16. 0. E. lat. ^'i. o. N. . , Pkttaw, a town of Germany, in tnc circle f,f Aul'.iia and duchy of h'.iria. It is an ancient place, bel-jn^s to the bilhop of Sahzburti:, and is i'e.ied on the river Dravc, 2 3 U'.iies S. of Gull. Loll. 15. 3^. E. lat. x,'i. 46. N. Kini^horn, at the entrance of the frith of Forth. It is the uUi d Ian. lin^- place of ihc palfi-n^ers from Lcith, on thcnppofite Ihore. A bafin has lately been c.mrtru>:t- ed here, under tlii direftion of captaia Rudverd, a roy.tl cnp;hicer. PErwoRril, a fmall town in Suifex, with a marker on Sa'urdiiy. it ts plca- lantlv fei'tcd n ar liio river Arui), ts miles N. !•:. of Chieheifer, and 49 S. W. of London. L.Mi. c. 34' ^\''- ^^^- S^. 5S. N. PiAi'KS'iiOFFK.N, a handlome town of G.:imany, in Upper Rivan.t, with a Beneditline monaftery at a fmall di_ltance. It is feated on the river llin, n iniUs N. W. f the Irrait ofCafta, between the BUek S.a and the fen i>f Afoph. Pharos, a fmall iflmd in the Medi- terranean Sea, opp ihte Aiexandrti, la Eijvpt, the fpacc between wliirh and the continent forms an exteofivc Iwrhoir. it has a commnniriti-n with the continent by a ftnne cuifevvay and bricluc. It for- merly had an exceedingly hii;h tower uoon it, called the Pa,u. i!l:\nd to >k its r.ar.i". it '.vcrc lii^hts for the '' "e,- ,,-K..r..r..; ;l,~ i-.e \ n L.f ,11 of ili!I«. i,.i. N. Ph AR'^. \r.!.^, 1 Lon. ^ I. I !. F.. l:.t. 1 Pit \H7.A, ancien' , _ _ town of Turkey in Riiropc, in Jaani,^hj ancient Tr.'.ila'y ; f-uij'.i5 icr the Jcci.iv« u.iC'.ie ii...- Ms»»»!ipH?; battle fouqht in its phins, betwren Juliui Caelar and pTi.ptv. Ht-ncc Lucm's Puem on iSc civil wars betwtcn tiicle two great rivus whs called PharCalia. This town is Tiaitd on llit rivtr Ei:ipc\ts, W an archicpifccpal fee, and is lo milej S. of Larid'a, PiiAsT", a large liffr of Afia, which troffes Mingrtha'^ and falls into the Black Sea- _ ^ PUFASANTS IST.F. See FaISANTS. Phlnicia, a couinry of Turkey in Europu, extending; from ' Arabia Dcitrta to the Mediterranean ; bounded un the N. by f'vria Proper, wnd on the S. by pi!elHnc. The prir.c'pal towns are Tn- poil. D^malcus, and IJ.ilbcc. It is hut a fmall te-rit..rv, but lia^ been rreaily cele- brated fur being the inventor of letters and navii/ation, a, id was the tirft which we have any account of, rliat traded with England for tin. It freciuenily lent co- lonies to dilTcrent parts ot Europe and Africa, where they fnunded confiderabie town'-. . PiiitAnEi.i-HiA, an ancient town ot Afia, in Naiolia ; ftated at the foot ot the mountain Tmuhis, whence there is a fine view over an extenfive plain. The Greeks retain its ancient name, but the Turks call It Allahijah. It contains h'lout iicoo inhi'bitants, among whom are abu;;t 2Coo Chiiftians, wdvh.ivc four churches, and a Greek archhilbop. It is 40 mijes E. S. E. of SiTiyrna. Lon. iS. 15. E. lar. -jS. iS-N. , . , f-n PiHi.Anr.i-rHtA, the capital of t^enn- fvKani.-.and, at prefect, of all the Unrcd State-: of V. Air.erica. It is lituaicdin ^n exte'-ifive plain, en theW. bank of the ri- ver Delaware. Th.e length of the city from K. to W. tliat i' , from the Delaware to the Schuvlkih, upon the original phn of Mr. Penn, is io,vic feet, and the breadth. N and S. is 4«n f^' - '^' '' *'''° '•""'' ''' the plot covered by the city charter is yet built. The inhabitants, however, hnve not confined, thcmleivcs within the onei- nal limits of the city, bat have builr N. and S. a!..n,i' the Delaware, two miles ui 'len^'th. Tl.: circumference :■■ that part of the citv which is built, if we intiude Kcnfin^t n on the N. and Southwark on the S, is about five miles. Market Street is 100 feet wide, and runs the wh-ie length of ihc ciiv from river to river, Ne'ir the middle of it, it is mtcrleftcd at ritht andes bv Bread Stiett, 113 teit wide, ,-..-niuL' nenrh- N. and S. qi.re F ii 1 from t?.rh other. Pj.r. 'Itl to Market Streets are ti^' ■.' nlhct tt.-'ns running F. and VV.fton; tiv^r to ■ ver, and inter- ftdtini; the crofs llreets at right angles. All tlicfe ftrects are so ■'^^^ ^v'''''' sx^^^P^ Arch Street, which is be feet wide, and all the fire ts which run N. and S. except Broad Street, are alio 50 feet wide. There were four fquares of eight acres each, one at each corner f the city, o'i- ginallv reftrved for public ufes ; and in the ci'nirc of the ciiv, at the interfcdhon of Market Street and Hr ad Street, is a fcpiare of ten acres, reiervcd in like man- ner, to be planted with rows of trees for public walks. Philadelphia wfis founded in 16S2, bv the celebrated William Penn, who, in 1701, grunted a chaiter, incorpo- rating the town under the government of a mavor, recorder, eight aldermen, 12. common countil-men, a llierifi', and clerk. Philadelphia, in 1740. numbered 2076 houfes, and ii, Coo inhabitants. It novv contains about 5000 houfes, in general handfoiT-lv built of brick, and 40,000 in- habitants, compofcd of almolf all nations and religions. Here are ^4 places of pub- lic worfhip for Chrillians of various deno- minations ; •■ne of which is for the F)n: Jiou.'e is the pui.iic gaol, built of ftone, and one of tilt iP.'ft elegant and fecurc ftruc- lurcs of the kind in America. Here, like- wire, is 3 pvihlic obfervatorv, and fevcral .ther public buildings. A univerfuy was founded here during the war : its funds wtic partiv^iven by the (late, and partly raken froiii the old college. A malignant fever raged here in i793) which, in the courfe of AuL'uff and the three Uiccecding months, earned off 405 ! of the inh.ibitants. Philadelphia is 97 miles 8. W. rf New York, 3^6 S. W.ofDolion, and 118 N. of the entrance of the Delaware into the Ari/.ntie Ocean. Lon. 7 5- S. W. lat. 39. ;-, N. ' PhiI-IVPI, an ancient town of Mace- donia, -'ei'ted on the confines of R.jmania, ,0 miks frni the gulf of Contciia, and h- R. of Sah.nichi. It was ennrged by rV-rip, father of Alexander the Great, who gave it his cwn name. It was near this place, commonlv called the plains of Piiilippi, uhete Caiiiusand Btuuis, two nf r'.. Kfialiinatoisof Ca-'lar, were defeated bv Mark Antony and Auguftus- It ts I ij 1 oilier. Pj.r. 'Itl to Market ti^;' ■■ nlhct ',u-"-;t5 nmnltig F. ii; rivtr lo -ivcr, and inter- crofs llrects at right angles, ceis are 50 feet wide, except r, whicii is bt, feet wide, and rs wliich run N. and S. except ct, are alio 50 feet wide. c four IViiiiires of cit-ht acres it each corner f the city, ci- rvtd for public ufts ; and in )f the ciiv, at the interfc6Hon Street and I{r ad Street, is a .n acres, leiLrvcd in like man- planted with rows of trees for ks. Philadelphia wns founded f the cfclcbrated VVilliani Penn, Di, granted a cha\ter, incorpo- ;own under the government of recorder, eight ahlcrmen, i* mntil-men, a Iherift', and clerk. la, in 1749. numbered 2076 ,1 1 1,600 inhabitants. It now Diiut 5000 houfes, in general ,■ built of brick, and 40,000 in- :ompofed of almolf all nations ns. Here are ^4 places of pub- I for Chriftians of various deiio- ; one of which is for the Fri-e fo c.'lt J, becaufe they took up efencc of iheir country, in the contrary to the eftatjlillitd prin- ie friends. Here alio is a fyn- I- the Jc.vs. The flatchoufe ticent building erctted in tizy an elegant courthoufe was built t .f the lia'ehoufe ; and on the lilnCbp' icr.! m\\. S. of the ftate- le pui.iic gaol, built of ftonc, and e IT). 'IV elegant and fecarc ftruc- ;ie kind in America. Here, like- public obfervatorv, and fevcral iic baildiiigs. A uiiiverfity was lere during the war : its funds 'v eiven by the (late, and partly in the old college. A malignant ud here in 1793- which, in the AuL'uft and the three iuccecding ■irncd off 403 ! of the inhabitants, hia i^ 97 miles S. W. rf New 6 S. W.ofDolion, and iiS N. of ancc of the Ddaware into the Ocean. Lon. 7 5- S. W. lat. 39- [rri, an ancient town of Macc- i'ted on the coniines of Romania, fmi the gulf of Conttiia, and f S.il>.nichi.' It was enlarged by ■ather of Alexander the Great, c it h.is own name. It was near :c, commonlv called the plains of , uhete Caiiius and Btulus, two ralilnatotsof Ca'lar, were defeated k Antonv and Augufvus- It !•< an P H I P I C »n arrhbifliop's Tee, but greatly .U.-aycd, and badly peopled. An am|.hitlu.atxe. and fcvcr.d other monumen's . car. There arc a -rtat many wild beafts and birdii, oiiite tinknovMi in Europe. 1 He iiibibitants are not r.H of one ongoul. Tlie principal of the'.'c itlands are Minil!.., cv I,iiconia ; Mindanao ; Samar, or Tan- dat-o, lometinies called Piiilippina ; M.if- bat'e ; Mindoro ; Lubnn ; Paragoia, or Paragoa ; Panay ; L. Vta ; B.Aiol ; Sihu, Cibau, or Zebu; Negro's Illand ; St. John's i -.nd Xolo. They arc chiefly lub- JL-a to the Spaniards. Lon. from n 3- M- to no. '.o. li.lat. from 6.30. to 1S.15. N. Piiii.'iPiMNts, Ni-:w, othcrwifc called P \TAOS, ilkr.ds in the Indim Ocean, btl.vcen the Moluccas, the Old Pliihp- pines, and the Ladrone:.. Thcrt are about 87 in all, between the equator and the ttopic of Cancer ; but they are very little known to the Euro;Kans. Phi 1. 11' POM, a conbderalile towu of Turkey in Europe, in Romania, -vitli an *rchb\lhop^s fee. It is chicflv inhaimcd bv Greek", and is i'eatcd on the ri'.er i\Ia- ri'za, Si miles N. W. of Adnauoplc, and iSS N. W. of Confiantinoplc. Lon. 14. 50. E. lat. 42. I ;. N. Philips-Noriox, a xnwn of bomer- fetlliire, witfi a mark'-t 01 Thurfdiv. It is feven miles S. of Ba b, and 10.1 \V of London. Lon. 1. iC. W i^it; S\ '^'-.^ Philips, St. a to'.vn ;/■ N. America, ing in iron mines, bctwcru twnlaVes, and watered iw a rivulet. If vva'- i .itlt by Ct\aiies IX. and called after liis h n Phi- lip. In i-"!' '' ^^''" totally doUroyed by tiie, but h.is been lince rcbuili. It is 20 r.iilcsN. E. of Catlilad', and .40 N. W. of Stockholm. L-jn. 14- 12. E. lat. 59. 'O.N. PiULii'vii.LF, a fma'i i-'Ut hjiijrome and llrong town of France, in the dep.irt- ment of the Nitth and late province of IIr.:-..aiit. feaicd on a;i eniineiice, is miles S. E. of M MIS, and 125 N. by E. of Pa- ris. Lon. 4. 14. I'.-bit. 50. 7- N. ' Piniiii' l■:;I..^^^s, two lilandu m the S. Patiiic Ocean, dilcvered bv cap- tain Hur.:u- in 17')'. a'■'■^ nar,ii T. Mice ; and on the W. by Normandy and the Enj^liili Channel. It now f.irins the liepnrtment of Somme, 01 vihich Ami- i.,vn belongs. o the ^Cio;, '^f Spire but -^^- . .^^^^ the fortiucatrn^ f> the c:n,Mic. it has *= p^ ^,„^„^,^.(, j^j.^n of TiaW, in the been fevtrai tiin.-: taken aid retaken, par- * • ^^ ^^^^ j^ duke oi Berwick was killed .^ ■■>;<'=-- ' .,v,ned.. It was taken by the French m but it .vas rclb.red the year ."— ,'"^- "^^ f.' ^ut thev re.'lored it. It ,s fe .f. d o» the truiw of V i.una. Iv is l-.c. on ^e .^3. ^.^^ ^_ ^^ ^^. ^^^_ Rhine, 'even miles S. i:f bp-re. .".i^i -P N. <'^'- 'i^'-' • _ Lon. E. lit. 49. nniM, Slid 3'' S. E. of Milan .V E. Ut. 4.-. !('. N. , PiCKEKi.va, a town m thcN.rid'r^ of Yurk'Jo.re, with a r.;ark-^- , f P,co, the Inr^ift am! Ta^ft ;,rpiilous of the Aynrcs.or \Vclkn> Iflaiul., lying m \V. !..n. z-.. 2>. "":i W.lKt.jS. 2.;. U produce, a great deal of wmc, and thai ^'^'vicTs' Wai.i., a hmov^ Viarncr 3g:iinft the Pias of v.liich ron;(.' (mall vcm.iins arc vc I'Jt. It bcg^" «t '!'<= envr.ince of Solvi.v Fruh, in CiKTAtrlan.!, nnd runn.nK by CavUnc, wr^s c,or,tr.nicd hvin \\ . ^o E Kcroh tilt W. tud ot t.it kingdom, :.i f-I'i- as Kcv.caflit, Rnd uidcd n Tmmouih. Thi.-rc" arc niar.y R''ma!i coins and anti- quhics fiiUiid near iv. , , , Piri>MOKi, a pnncip?.hty of Ital), Uu.ndul on tV. N. by V;.lia.s ; ™ ui. I-., by die duchies ti Milan i>pd Monifvu';. •, on the S. bv.hoc.a,,ny..t ^''". ■'''f ''^l; K-rvirnry of Gfura ; v,nd n.n,n.an,s .,-e mines of fevcr.l kind., an-! the fmefts affoid a grc^.t deal ot game. They crrry en a grL trade in -aw filk ; and the country produces alfo arn nee wme the capital of ih.s country, and of «U the ' doiiuniolis of the king of Sardniia. I'iEN/.A, ap"pvi!oii5 town «f ltai),m Tulcanv, and in U,c Sicnntfc, w:th a bi- Ihop s lee. I. i^ ^ ^ "1'1« S- ^,- "^ '^'- enna.and ^6 S. of Florence. Lon. n. 41. E. lat. 43- f'-^'- ^ r ^ P,tRlu:I.^M>'t•TI^;B,ST^_ato^vn^,f France, in tht drpaitment of Nicvrc and late pr.ivince of Nivtrnoi-^. It .- Kac, i« a bottom, lurrounded .v mountains and r.car a lakc.wh.ch renders the a,r unwhok- LK^..mik.^^.^V.ofMfland, ■ about cicht miles fn m the coaft of iVla- PIN jr, from the town of Or.orc. Lon. :4« 6. E, Int. 14. I.N. . , -T J- • PiLTRri, Sr. an itland in the Mtdi- ttrranean, near Sardinia, taken from his Saidin.in maj.lty by tbe French m i7>;3i bt:t retaV' n f"on after. Pu,VFROI.,atown of Picd'irmt, tt the ..' -n a rock ; bul being rcdorcd to the duk" vi Sav;.v.in if'96, the T'rench dc- moliHiLd th . foruficiLiionr. It i-^ feattd on the river Chiufon, i c miles S. \V . ot J '.i- rin. L'.n. 7. 30. E. lat. 45. o. N. P)CiN?'.v, a town ot France, in the Of ■■ paitment' of Aidjc and l.'.tc rr^'^^ncc -f Chnmpa!.'r,e, t .>. miles N. E, uf 1 roycs. Lon. i.ivE- iat. 4^- ''-■>«'■ . PiJ.L,\i;, a fesprrt cf Prr.flia, 20 miics \V. ofKoningfl.er^j;; which fee. PiLsvN.a bar.afome and ftrong town of Bohemia, the cai^itrl of a circle of the lam.' name. It has often been taken aid retaken in the wars of Bohemia, and iii feattd ne?.r the confluence of tiie rivers Mifa and VV'atvo, 47 miles W, Dy S. of Pr,isuc. Lon. 13. 55- E. lit. 4'> Pii'-SA, Pit.sNo, or Pii.znw, a tov.'u of Lilt'c Poland, in tiic pnlat'";'te of Sandomir, feated on the nver Wiua/.e, 50 miles E. of Cracow. Lon. 11. 10. I'.. lat. ^0. C.N. , c n Pi I TIN, a town in the duchy ot v our- land, capital of a fertile ternton- ot the fame name, feated on the river Wuuaw, between Golding ana Fort Wii.daw. Lon. j2. 10. E. lat. 57- ' 5- ><'•.„ J . , c PiNF.s, Isi.E OF, an iflai.d '" the o. Pacific Ocean, off the S. end of New Caledonia. It is about 14 tti'l" o^-^^. '•» a S. E. and N. \V. direfii n. It is high and remarkable in d-.e middle, bc;ng (paite a poioted hill, flui ing toward the extremi- ties which ^rc veiy low. The low land has manv tall pine-trees upon it. Lun. 16-. 43. E. lit. M. 3S S. PiNNFi., a Itr ons,' tovn of Portugal, m rhe province of Tra-los-Moutes, capiru (.f a t'rritory of tiic fame name, at tUe conrluencc of the rivers Cnha and Pin- ncl, 45 miles N. or Guarda. Lon. ft. 40. W. lat. 40. 46- ^J- , f Bis'NEsniMio, a fort and town ot Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony and duehv of Holflein, capral of a coun'y of the fame name. It is ua-ed on the river Owe, . -, .r.ilcs N. W.^ot H.rabuvj. Lon.o. 40.L. lat^;.;//. N. ri\os. ail un.nhabitcd in.:-.d^ot I\. America, on ths S. tide of the luaod of Cuba, from which it u ieparateci by a ' deep ..M.^ P I N town of Or.orc. Lon. •;4« 1. N. I, Sr. an i'hnd in the i\Ttdi- c;ir Sariliniu, tikcn frmn his ajtHy by ti)t Frcnth in ir,}, Inon after. !.,atoivn of Picd'irint, it the he villcv oF Piri.la. It wns f ill'; FrL-Ticl.,\vh'i hid t'or- in'.cul.iviy w.th a c.ii>lc built ; bill '.icini; icllcrtil to tho ■ v. in ifi^O, the T'"rinch dc- !urul"ii.::tior.t. Jt is fLatcd on uif'iii, I < miles S. W. of T:i- 30. E. Ut. 45. o. N. a V'wn of J''rimcc» in the Jc- Aubc and Lite province if I.', milfs N. K. uf Treycs. E. hx. 4S. 2-,-. N. , ;i fcsprrt of I'rr.ffia, 20 mliea ingflit-rji;; which Ice. , a. hiif.dromt and ftrotig tnwn la, the cijitrl of a circle of init. It has often been t.iktn en in the wars of Eohi.niia, c.d rc?r the ccnfluence of tlie a and Watio, 47 miles W, by ,iic. L';n. 13, 55. E. lit. 49. , PnsNo, or rii.zow, a ^•itlc Polr.nd, in tiic pal.itinate ir, feateil on the river Wiual.c, ".. of Cracow, L. at. 40. 46. N. NBUKf:, a fort and town of , in the circle of Lower Saxony y of Holftiin, capi'.al of a county nie name. It is tta't-d on the c, i:; ir.ilcs N. W. of H::r.i! iii-i;. o. E. lat. (,-. -A't. N. , an uninhabited iHaiul of K. on (hs S. fide of ti>e iri.iiid of on: Y,h!ci\ it u fcparated by a deep PIS Jeep ftriit. Thi". \([...ii k 15 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, and has excel- lent pafturcs. Lun. ii. 33. W. lat. zi. a, N. Pi.N'SKo, a town of Lithuania, feated rm a river of the iame name. It was fbrineily a confiderable place, but has been almofl ruined by the Coffacks, Lon. zb. 20. E. lat, 52. 18, N, PioMHiNo, a Itaport of Italy, in Tuf. cany, capital of a principality ot the lame name ; feated on a bay of the Tufcan Sea, 40 miles S. of Leghorn, and 60 S. \V. of Florence. Lon. 10, 13. E. lat. 42. 57. N. PioMBiNo, a fma!! principality of Italy, in Tid'canv, King on the feacoaft. The illand of Eloa depends upon it, and has its own prince, under the protcftion of the king of the Two Sicilies, who lias a riglit to put a };arrifon into the fort. Pii'EKNO, a town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, 50 miles S. E. of Rome. Lon. 13, 36. E. lat. 41. 39. N. PiPLEY, a town of Hindoolian Proper, in Bcn^'al, feated on the banks of a. river, 15 mile* from Balafore. it was formerly a pfice of trade, and had Englilh and Dutch faftories ; btit it is now inhabit- ed by fillici'mcn only. Lon, 86. 11, E, lat. II. 10. N. Pir^i'K MoNTVAi.LiSR, the higheft tTiountain of the Pyrenees. It is in the form of a pike, and may be feen 50 miles off. Lon, o. ii. W. lat. 42. Si.N. PiRANO, a fcaport of Italy, in Iftria, and in the territory of Venice, feated on a pcninfula, 10 miles S. of Capo d'lftria. Lon. 14. I. E. lat. 4^. 40. N. PiRiT/,, a town of Germiny, in the circle of Upper Saxony, duchy of Pome- rania, and territory of Stttin. The anci- ent dukes of Po.nerania often refided here It is feated near lake Maldui, 20 miles S. E. of Stetin. Lon. 14. 20. E. lat. 53. 18. N. Pisa, an ancient, large, handfome, nnd (Irong city of It.ilv, iu Tufcany, capi- tal of ti\e Pifano, with a univeifity, an archbilhop's fee, and three forts. The ri- ver Arno runs through Pifa, and over it are three bridges, one of which is con- ftrufted of marble. This city is fo far from having as many inhabitants as it can contain, that grals growb in die principal Urcffi. The cathedral is a magnificent ftrufturc, and on the right fide of the choir is the leaning tower, (0 much talked of. In the yieat fquare, before St, Ste- phen's church, IS a white marble ftatiie, reprefenting duke Cofmo the Great, The Grand Duke's palace, anil the nisgnift. P I T cent exchange, are worth notice. Pifa it feated in a very fertrle plain, at a fmall diilance from the Miditerrancan, 10 mile* N. of Legnorn, 41 W, of Florence, and 10 S, VV, of Lucca. Lon. 10, 17. E. lat. 41. 43. N. PrsA.vo, a territory of Italy, in Tuf- cany, about 47 miles in leng'.h, ard 15 in breadth. It is bound, d on '.he N. by the Florentino and the republic of Lueca | on the E. by the Siennefe ; and on the W. by the Mediterranean. It is one of the bell countries in all Tufcany. PibCA, a handfome town of S. Ame- rica, in Peru, and in the audience uf Li- ma, with a good road for ihips. It is feated in a country fertile in excclleni fruits and good wine, which are fent to the reft of the Snanilh fettlcments. It is about half a mile from the South Sta, and 140 S. of Lima. Lon. 76. 15. \V. lat. 13. 36. S. PlSCATAWAY, or PI^CATAQUAY, H, river of N. America, in the ftate of New Hamplhire ; the mouth of which forms the onlv port in that ftate, and is fio miles N. of B jfton. Lon. 70. 30. W. Ut. 43, 25. N, PtsKLLo, the moft northern cape of Natolia, in Afia, which pro'y.Cti into the Black Sea, oppofite the Crimea. "' PisiiouR. See Peishore. PiSTOiA, a handfome and confiderable town of Italy, in Tufcany, with a bi- fliop'sfet. There are ftveral hne churches and magnificent palai:es; and the houfes of private perlbns are generally well built ; but notwithftauding this, it is almoft de- fertcd, in comparifon to what it was formerly ; for there are now only 5000 inhabitants ; among whom are 40 noble families, Ir is fea'ed in a fertile plain, at the foot of the Appennines, and near the river Stella, 20 miles N, W, of Florence. Lon. 11. 29. E. iar. 43. 55, N. * PiTCAiTLy Wei.ls, fome remark- able faline fprings, near Perth in Scotland, whofe waters arc deemed beiielicial ia fcorbutic cafes. Pi Til '.A, a province of Swedifh Lap- land, bounded oa the N. by Lapland da Luhlia, on the E. by Bothnia, on the 3. by Lapland d'Uhma, and on the W. hy Norway. The river Pithca runs acrofs it. There is a town of the fam-. ime, feated on the W. fide of the gulf of Bothnia, 80 miles S. W. of Tornea. Lon. 22. 40. E, lat, 65, 1 1. N. PiTscHES', a town of Silcfia, in tho principality of Bricg. Lon. 18. it. E. lat. 5 1. 10.' N. PiTTEN-wi.KM, a feaport of ScotlantI, ' ia Jf jfelhire, feated at the cutriince of the ! I TLA P L A frhh of Fnvtli, 23 miles N. E. of Eilln- burj;!.. Lon. i. w-W- !«■ ';6.iz.N. Pi r I "-HiM'Cin, or tour iirr, a to\vn of N. Aincnci, in tlic «,«t o'' '''""■ lylvani.i, biaiiiii'iiUy fituattd on the VV. fide of t'liL- All.'ii.iny innunt-iins, on a p,,int . f land between the rlvcrr, Ailtj>.inv and Monona iIkIi. The t fort \v;ib abandoned by the French, 111 i7:,S, on the approach of i',cDcr:il Forbes ; and its name was clumged to that of Pitt, ill honour to t\\<- illullii'His mi.uUer by whom the war was then directed. At anil on thr S by the territory of Grroa It is very fertile and p'-iiuloiis, and con- tains mines of iron, and lait fprin.'S from whuh iluv make a very white (all. If, prmcipal rivi rs arc the Tr.bia and Nurr . ; and the capital is of the tame n:..ni'. It was divided between the (piten of llim- rr-ary and the kini; of Sirdlma m purln- anec of the irenly of V, urins, concluded in l"4^ , , ,, ,■ Pi.rtSiF.A, an iilind of the Aledin-r- ranean, on tlie roaft of France, and in till- road of Marfci'.lts. I'lANo, an illand of the Med't<;ria- nean, in the biv of Alicant. It is not above a mile and a half in lenrih. • I'l.A'.srY, the plains of, in Hindoo- 11,111 Proper, and in the foubah of Betii;:i!, dilUnt from Moorlliedabad about 30 miles and iroin Calcutta 70. Here was once a hiouint', feat >f the nabol) of lient;al. But this fpo't is ftill ni'Tc iiuniorablc for thi frp at viftory I'ained here by colonel (aft'.r • ward lord) Clive, in ,7^7. over the v:-^ 'Ai^o^^rii irtles ;i:; :;m;;f .he na^, SurnjahDow,ah ,11.1 any ...i ; .1, .,,^„ ,;, ili,. fnmid.ltion of the miles VV. of , W. lat. 4-^ thii place, th name of ()hio. It is 310 Philuklphia. Lun. 7.;. 48 26. N. ,. , p Pi/./,o, a town of the kingdnm ot Maples, feaied on the i;ulf of St. Eutcmia, four miles from Monte- Lenne. _ Pl.ACKNriA,a town of Spain, in Kl- traiiKulura, with a bilhop's lee, and a good cattle ; featcd on the Xera, in a delfj;httiil plain, almoll filrrounded bv mountains. It IS So miles S. W.of Madiid. Lon. 5.O.W. !at. <(o. m. N. . , . . , Pi.ACE.si i.\, a town of Spain, in tne province of Guipufcoa ; feated on the ri- ver Deva, iS "liles S. E. of Bilboa. Lon. 1. .vo. W. lat. 43. 10. N- Plac-entia, a feapurt of N. Atiie- Tica, in Newf.;imdi iiuK feated on a bay on the S. K. part of the inaiul, 40 miles \V. of St. John, and 200 E. ot Cape Breton. Lon. 53. 43> W. lat. 47- '/; f^- Placknti A, a populous town ot Italv, capital of a duchv of the fame name, with a bilhoji's fee, and a rit^ulel. The beauty of its churches, houfcs, Iquares, flreets, and fountains, render it very plealant. It has a celebrated univf.-fity, and about 30,000 inhabitants. The king of Sardi- nia rook iv.fiellion of it in 1744. '" coa e- qucncc of the treaty of Worms, concluded in I -43. It is delightfully ieated, in a which was laid the found.ition of the pre- (cnt cxtenfive Briiifh empire in Hindoo- flan. Plata, an ifland of S. America, on the coaft of Quito, in Peru ; furrounded by inacceiliblc rocks and about hvc milts loni' and four broad. a rich and populous town ol Plata, .. ..... -- , , S. America, in Peru, capital of the pro- vincc of Los Chaic<.s. with an audience, and an archbifliop's fee. It has mines ot filver, which they have left otf working, fince thole of Potoli have been difcovered. It is featcd on the river Chimao, 500 miles S. E. of Cufco, Lon. 63. 40- W. lat. 19. 16. S. PiATX, or Rio-r.i>i.A-rLATA, a large river (if S. America, which is form- ed bv the union of the three great rivers Paraguav. Urat-uay. and Parana. It/yas difcovered, in rs'-, l>y Juan Dia/ de> Salis a Spanilh navigator, who was ilain bv the natives in endeavouring to make a delccnt in th.c country. Ir crolfes Paraguay, and enters the Southern Ocean, in lat. 3;" S. It is 1^0 miles broad at its mouth ; at Mont Video, a fort, above 100 mile; hr-her up the river, the land is not to be difccrned on either lliore, when a veflel is in the middle of the channel ; and at Buenos Ayrcs, ioo miles higher dill, the ,vcll-cu!nvated country, on the river Po, oppofitc (hove is not to be dilcerned tvom 3. miles N. W. of l^Kma and 83 E. of that t^wn ^ ;„,, ,f Mclttrn P''"^ ^' ^ ^ o^ Avres IS the capitak bounded on tn>. 1... oy uiie ""^■'i' .,,..« nr PlawEN. a town the N. and W. by the duchy of Milan, PLAvtN, or i lawen, ^_^^ P L A S liy tilt tcniir.vy of Grro2 irriilt Mn\ pnpiil'iiis, anil cdu- of irc-n, nnd laii I'priivs froin MKlkc H M'fV *vlii(e i.il'. '•• •t rs arc the Tr.bia aiirt Nurr . ; pit.il is of tiic !";une iVw.ni-. It A bctwei'ii tlie (|iii'cn i-f Hiiti- he kini; "f Sirdinm i" purfu- I: ircHiy of V. urms, concluded ./,, ail iilinJ of till; iMtditcr- tlic ronft of Fr.incL, and in Marlei'.lts. , an illand of the Mcditoira- ic b.iv of Alicaiu. It IS not above a half in Icnrth. .STY, the plains cf, in Hindon- .r, and in the loiibah of Betii;a!, m Moordiedabad about 30 miles Calcutta 70. Here was once a at 'if the naboi) of Hengal. But is (fill ni'Tc iiuniorablc for thi ory I'aintd here by colonel (aftir • I) dive, in ivST- "V^"" ''i*-" ^■''^ ihc na\)ob Surnjah Dowlah ; by ,., laid the found.ition of the pre- iifive Britilh empire in Hiiuloo- ,\, an idand of S. America, on of Quito, in Peru ; furrounded ihblc rocks and about live miles four broad. A, a rich and populous town of ica, in Peru, capital of the pro. Los Ciiaicds, with an audience, rchbifliop's fee. It has mines of bich they have left oft' working, lie of Potoli have been difcovered. cd on the river Ciuman, 500 miles Cufco, Lon. 63.40. W. 'at. 19. i-A, or Rio-r>i;-i.A-ri.ATA, a :cr of S. America, which is form- iie union of the three great rivers IV. Urat-uav. and Parana. It was ed, in Ts ' ■''. hy J uan Dia/ de Sails 111 navigator, who was ilain by the in endeavouriiii!; to make a delccnt ountry. Ir cvnlfes Paraguay, and he Southern Ocean, in lat. 3;"' S. ^o miles broad at its mouth ; at Video, a fort, above 100 mile; up the river, the land is not to be ■d on either lliore, when a vefT'tl is middle of the channel ; and at Ayrcs, ioo miles higher itill. the c (hore is not to be ditcerned fiom Lata, Rio-de-la, a province of lerica, in Parai^uay, on the S. W, river of the fsme name. Buenos IS the capital. IV EN, or Plawen, a town ot Gcr- P h V Cermatiy, in the circle cf Lower Snxony and dutliy of Meckltnluivj'^, li led I'l a Iniall river whitfi hills into the Iiine, near a lake of the Umc name, 17 ""les S. of Culirovv. Liii. u. 13 R- lat- M- -P-N- P L A V E N , or r I. A \v K s , a tow 11 ot (J er • manv, in the eiule of Upper Saxoiy, and in Voijitland. It is (eaitd on the river tUUr, 6: n.iles S. E. of Drefrien. Pi.H! t'lUiii, a town ot Gfimmy, in Canniliia, (eattd on the river Feilfcz, at the fei.ji of A hi^li ni'uintain. PlJ.scoF. See PsKoF. ■* Pi.kmikY, a village 'f Fffex, fcvrn miles N. by VV. ol Cii'elmsfoid. It was the feat of the 1m d hijih dnltaUc cf Erg- Lind, fioni the tail ell tinits if loHf . fF.te to the \ejr i^o ; and from his refittcnco l;ert, in ijg7, Th n a^, duke if Glou- ctfttr, who w.^s mi'd'oully einiccd by his r.ephtw, kin^ Isiclu^rd II. t;. acci nipany ivin on h'rkl'iik t" Londm. was way- l.iid on F.ppiiig Kortft, huriied to a vcf- fel tliu, k.v nadv in the 1 hamcs. 1011- vcyid to Calais, and there pilwudy mur. ikieii. On the fre if his calile is now a lirick f'lnhoule, called Tlie LoiiiJe. Here arc ti-e remains of an ancient tor titicuiiin, conliiling of a mount, of an i>\A to'ni, finiounded by an aiea cailed ti.c CaliL- Yard, which contains Kbi.ut two aires, .ind is bounded by a rampart iiid ditch, over which is a brick britliie. Pi LssK, a town of Silef.a, uith a c^ltle, fiaitd < n the river Viftula, 36 miles E. of Trojpaw. Lon. 10. i'l. E. lar. 50. o. N. Pli ssis.LKsToL'Rs, a late royal pa- lace in France, near Tours built l>y the profliiatt and lupcrflitious Lewis XL who Jitd here, in i4!'3, n(.i>. iihilainhPL' he had the precaution to be covered ail over vith relics, and would never permit St. Vincent de Paul (wh.o was lent for frcm Italv on pinpcfe) to lit: out of his Hght. Pl,i-.cK-KO, a town of Pdard, capi- tal of a pnlaiirato cf the far:.e name, with acafile, ard a bi!hop's l';c. 'I'he churches are magnificent ; and it is built near the VilHiiar upon a hill, whence there is a tine prtifpedi. It is 21; miles S. K. of L'hulil- law, and 6 c, W- of VVarfaw. Lvn. 1 .;. 19. E. la-. ;2.'^6. N. Ploen, a town cf Germany, in the circle of L(j\ver Saxony ^nd duciiv of llyllUin, capital of a principality o.' the fin-e name, ji miles N. W. of Lubec. Lon. 10. 30. E. 54. II. N. * Ploek^t L, a fiiiall lown of Fra-ice, in the department of Morhihan and late pro' ince of Brctagne, 17 n.iks N. E. of I VinneS. Pi.uDES'TZ, a town cf Germanv, in the Tirol, capital of a county of the fame panic, l"e.atcd ;n a pkafant plain, c:i ti;« li- PL Y vcr 111, 6< miles W. of Infpruck. Lon- IJ. 10. E. lat. 47. 10. K. Pi.v\ icus, a town it France, in the dep.ir'.ii;ent ol li.orc and Line, and lite province of BiHiee, 10 miles N. ot Or- le.iMs. Lon. 1. 0. K. lat. i'i. 14. N. Pi.V.v.ouTii, a le.iport ol DevHnliiiiT, wih ihrie mMkets,on Monda\ , ThurLiiy. and Sa-urd.iy. It is fcatcd betwitn the neuilis of lie iiveis P.ym and Taniar. N'Xt to P^rtimoli.h, it is the ITT ft eoii- fiJeL.ole luiib. lit in Kn(^.l>nil lor men of w r, and i a hctjutrt rmdtzvous lor the Channt. Lett in time of war. I he fcrti- licat.'.n'. aie C(-nfK!er,.i.,e ; bi't, in 'l,c late war, v'lei; 'r.c c.-i-'finerl tltit? of K.ancB and Spain aj'piared > ft the ton ', he neans cf tic'enre were laird to hue iv.cn To much ntgltCled, that it cud nave made litilerti liau'C. I ail it been afa.-i".e;l. There are, pio[erly Ipi.kif;;, thiie liarboiirs, cal.td Catvvater, Sutf n ?■ ol, and lln- n otize. The lirft is the mouth of the Plym, and atT'rds a faie and roirniodioin haib'Hir for mtiei.mt (iiips, hu- i^ fclJoin entered by lliis ol war, The fecond is fivjuttittd by n e'-chant (hips inly, a'.d is almi'it lurroiint'id by the hfules cf the tov n. It is in iifi if wi II i alculited to give Complete protcdion to li;ch fiiips as are nu.". red in it, and has lately been farther feeured bv an eMcnhvc pier. The third is near the- irouth of the T.imar, and is the harbour fur the reception of the Britifh navy, btiiiK lilted with moorings for about ico li'.il, ar.d having good anchorage for a much gnatcr numl.cr. Adjoining to it are ilotiss arlenals ;iiid all otl er couveni- encie-s for tie building and fitting out of ihips ot war. Theft ho hours are dtfmd- ed by a fi^rt on St. Nith las' Jllnr d, anil by a citadel nearly oppol.te to th.at idand.upon a hill which overlooks the town. Pl.Y- Ml'TH Dock is a feparate town, contigu- ous to the dt.ckyards. and is a large and popi-IiHis place. 'See SniKt: Damarel. Plvn.-.ulh itlelf is likewile l.ovf^ard po- puf us, -nd c iitains two p^riih chu; ehes. It fends two metr.hers to par'iament, and is governed bv a mayor, 12 alilirnien, a recorder, ?ni' 2.' ccminon-councd-men. It 1 ■Pi'''- d wiih frcfli \- Rier, firft brought here, fcni a place fevcn miles ofF, by ti'ie famo-j-. lir Francis Drake, who was a r.aivQ of this town. It carries on a con- f;der,;b:e for';ign and dome''- ie tiade. and is 4? ni !;' S. W. of Extter, and ,■■ ;0 W. bv S. if London. Lon. 4. 10. V/. lat. 50. 2?. N. Plvmguth, a fe-iport of TV. Ameri- ca, in the Ifate o* Maflhch-rl-.ts, featcd r.t the S. end v.i Piymcuih Bav. It is the fiifi town that was b'.iiit in Mcvv Eng- land. Lon. 7^;- H5- '^^'- fif- 4'. i?" !'■•'■ M m » P' "••»- P I POL p.vrnros.. borough of De^fl.;-. 1- K" ^ ^'^;l.^i:i.^oiu:^^^ uith a ., arket un Sa.urchy- ' "'d o nee ^^ j.^.^^^^^^ ^^^^^ j population , calU.. now in nun.. It is f^''^'*?" ' v- in propo"'"" '° "^ """' •• ^",' '' '",''" river Plym. and .. '^vcn m.lcs J- °^ J'y P Jb„ of gardens and tield. w.iIm., .u mouth, and iiS W. by S. of London. » ^^^ 6^^ ,„h.o.tanti are not cUi- Lon. 4- c. W. Ir.t. -.0. ^:- N. ^,^,j ,, „„re than .Sooo. Ii has Uve- * pLVN-MMMON Uu.U9 ^^ J"" „! Roman antiquities pwiculurly »n aiti- loftv mountain, in Walts, h.ua.ed pa y 'V^^^^J ,,h"ch i^ partly dcmohl htd: nMmtgon,evyllu,c,.ndp:mlym tard- pt^'h' .^,f^ , ,,,„„ i,,., h. whlcU .anlmrc- The Stv.rn, the ^ y«. '"f A",ts as a gate to the ^rta. ftr-a. Near mhcr rivers, have tht.r lource m thi. |«^;' . ^,^8,„ .j^o, Edw.rd ^:„Il-rro,.rflj:; bt-./6.,S.N. ..„„ ,f p,,„ec. PoiTOU, a la's province or i ranee, bounded on the N. by Bretagne, Anj "U, and part of Touraire ; on the b. by 1 .u- raine, Berry, and Marche • on the S. by Angoumois, Saintongc, and Aunis ; and , „„ Thr W bv the bay of BUcay. It i ^K„„, .. '•"fl^"'*^'^' ^^"''r'^:,'i'\l,ch ?ertleir; corn and wine, and feed, a great Saturday. It is leatcd on a ft e.ni whxh i^^^d f cattle, particularly mu!c .. Tt falls into the Derwent .4 n^'lcs S. L. of ^^^^'^ ^^ ^^J, departments of Ve,>- York, and . of' ^'■ W W. - I;r"d, l-,,r-, • !iiii nn the VV ioves' leveral rivers, and often overflows itsbanks,doinga great, eal of milch f^^ tbe reafon of wbich is. that ^'^^ ^['^'f rivers defcend from the A ps, and are in- cvcafe-.l by the melting of the (now. P( tKi.iNC.TON, a town of the a.. Tidinv of \orklbire, with a market on ■'Sn' by Vominia anu i"- -■- > ,., bv Moldavia and Tckufia ; and on the \V. blRcdRudia. Tl,c river Dntitter runs Jong the iou.l.e-n borders, and the B.,g croITcs it almolk entirely (rem W. to E. U is divided into the Upper and Lower. Ka- l^inieek is the capita*! of the former, and Ui-ackluv of the latter. harbour, So miles S.E. of Venice %oi.ACHtA. a palatinate of Polam!, bounded on the N. by PrulTia and Litlu.- ania ; on the E. by Lithuania ; on the h. by the palatinate of Lubbn ; ?nd on tb ^(r. by that of Mafovia. It is about h^ the latter. niiles in length, and 30 m breadth. Bich^ miles S. of Florence. Tufcanv bounded on the W. by the Baltic, Br;.n. Pool.!", a town of Italy, m 1 ulcany, °«""" , gji ,- ^n the S. by Hun- ,earl.l„.;„:e, famous for a Uaudfome de^;:^^";K„'/"i,^^,,-„'., „„ the N. by palace of the Great Duke. ^^ Courland, Livonia, and Rufha , ' Po.RTNo, or PovKUiso. a town of ^J^"'^' j^ £_ ^y Ruflla and the ternto- Pi.dmont,, smiles S.E. of Turui ^^"^ ".'^^fl.j bf that power from tU Poiisv, an ancient town of trance, in 11 » divided into three large ,be ne of France; feated utar the edp ^u k.. I s *! ^ ^^^^^ S%hc forca of St. tiermaui, .5 -> ^^ ?! h:.anTa each of'which is fubdivulcd from Paris. Lon. z. .'^- ^^ j;'" ^''p=^„J;- fn „ palatinates, or provinces. I re ru- caj^l'f i^ ^p^:mr^^^-^ vernLnt.monarch^alandar^ocrat.., POL ft of PoUciU, with i bi(li^'j>'» |li1 be one of the mult conliiltr- n France, were its |inpiilatirn m to its cxt«ni ; but ii includo if gardens xnd field* withm ii'> Id the inhauitantii are not eiu* [ore than 16,000. It has fcve. antiquities, particularly an aiti- which i- partly dtmolillied: lalfo a triumph '.1 arch, whlcU gate to the Rrtai flr -et. Near in 15)6, Edward i'\c> lUack med a dccifive vi(^ory over tlir iking prisoners king Ji hn ani lilip, wnom l.e brought to Enji- lie tuvirons of I'oiticrk abouiv! •s in fuch numbers, th^it they are even to Venice to make treacle. 1 it feaied on a hill, on the rivn miles S. W. of Tours, and ni of Bourdcaiu. Lon. o. »5. F. ;. N. )u, a late province of France, on the N. by Bretagne, Anjou, )f Touraine; on the E. by Tuu- rry, and Marche ; on the S. by ois, Saintongc, and Aunis ; and V. by the bay of Rilcay. It 1 corn and wine, uiul feedj a grc:.t of cattle, particularly mu'.cs. It ns the three departments of Vti;- nnc, and the Two Sevres. It \\,i; lion of the kings of England for ;rable time. \, an ancient, fmall, but ftronj; f Italy, in the S. part of Iftri;'. citadel, and a bilhop's fee. H(.re ruins of a Roman amphitheatre •iumphal arch. It is leated at thf of a deep bay, and has a fpacidui •, 80 miles S. E. of Venice. Lun. ?. lat. 4$. I.?. N. A CHI A, a palatinate of Poland, a oil the N. by PrulTia and Litlui- 3n the E. by Lithuania ; on the S. palatinate of Lublin ; and on the • that of Mafovia. It is about S_^ 1 length, and 30 in breadth. BiehK lapital. AN A, a town of Sicily, in the VaU noiia, feated near the fea. AND, a large country of Europe. ;d on the W. by the Baltic, Br;,n. :g, and Silefia ; on the S. by Hun. and Moldavia; on the N. by I, Cnurland, Livonia, and RuH'.u , n the E. by Ruflia and the territo- vri;ftcd by that power from tl.c ;. It is divided into three Luge Great Poland, Little Puland, and mia ; each of which is fubdivicici alatinatcs, or provinces. Tie j;u- lent is monarchical and ariftocraiit-.! , POL 1',! the afl» of ftate htiiig in the name of " the king and repuhlic of P.iLind." The king is the onlv elei'tivc luvercign In Kii- rope. He i, clioleii hy a gcner.d diet fummniied by the archbilhnp of Giiefna, v.ho it the chief of me republic during liie interregnum. After the coronation, the king may diTp 'c of the vacant be- nefices, and the otficc-. Iv)th civil an I militiiry. He has a (ettlfl revenue of 140,000!. a year, and cannot, by his own authority, raile any new taxe-;. or change any law. The ariftocracy confiits in the fcnate and general diet. The ftnate ii compcfed of the hifhopj, gieat onTucr*, paUtines, and governors of towns, wh >, \'.itli the king, regulate the affairs of the kingdom ; and they prevent him from doing any thing againfl ine liberty of tile country. The general diets, wiiich arc aflTemhlics of all the nubility, ought to be htlj cverv two vears ; nut they meet oftf ner when there is any i ipoitint a r.iir on the carpi t. Before a gcner.il oittt is held, the king lend'- circular kt- tcis to t'le paliiiincs, dcel.uin.', \ hat the afTiirs are on which the airciuQlies are to deliberate. U vin this there li a parti- cular vlict in every palatinate, wherein no- thing cm uc determined without a general conleiit ; for if one gentleman oppo'cs the rpininn of the aiFeiTiblv, it is obliged 10 break up ; and that palatinate, from this time, can have no voice in the general diet. There likcwife tlity muft ail be unanimous ; for one fenaior, or nuncio, r.in ftop the proceedings ot tlie wliole. The P lies, or ]'ol;i;iders, are large, well made, and robull. The pi it'.ints are poir, mileraolc, clownifli, and m^ re Haves to the gentlemen. It is not (aid ; h;it tliey hive to much a v^ir, but ih.n they iiave fo many ptafaiiis. Such was the ftatc and lonliituti.in uf P.il.iiid, before the me 110- r,ible year 177:) \\\\en a partition of tite ciuntrv, prrjeCted by the king of Pnidii, was ctle'ted by that monarch, in onjuic- tion uitli the ciiiprels of Railij. and Jo- feph II, c.nperor of Geriiiany. 11/ tliis pirtitii;n, one third of tlie country was wrefted from the republic, tlie diet being Cjiiipelled, by a foreign force, to in ike »nJ to ratify tlii'. iinp"rt:int ct(li"n. For the part ceded to tf.e emperor, let Gai i- rj\. The p'^t allotted to Rulli.i c.jni- piil'es Pull li l.ivMiia, ilri- part of the pa- latinate of Puloifk v.-hii-h lies to the E. of the Dwina or Dana ; the pdatin.ites of Viteplk.Micifi iw; and two (mill p or.i ms to the N. E. and S. E. of the nUnnite of Mirfk. This tract of land (Poli/h L'vo- nia .xcepted) is fituated in White Rulfi 1, and includes at leall one third of Lichua- POL ni.t. Sec Po I.OT'K and >'oint.kf. Tlit kiiin of Pruilia tiik poll. Ilinii .f .I'l ti'.u wtftern parts of I'mi lanii, b nin led on the S. by the river Net/e or N'":e' , wilh the whole of PoUli or VV.Hrrn Prutjin, the nuts of D.oit/ c .ml I'liorn exce^'ed. Of thele diiniinlnred comT^hh . the Rul- li.in parr is the l.irgell, the Ao tniii the inoft populous .nd the Piulliin the mod comuitrcial. The jiopulati ^n "( the whole amounts fo near c, 000, 000 of foul*} the firit containing i,^/co j.o, the iicond t.-^oo, 01, and the third tifio.'oc. The three piriitionin^ powers, more iver, for- ciuly efffi'^ed a gieit clunge in the con* ftitution. Bv thii all foreign rindidaie* for tlie (lei'tivc throne of I'oU.id oc ex- cluded ; none can be chotVn kmg of P ■! iiul, and grt.ir Mukeof l.iihiiinia, ni fiiure, i"it a niii^c Pile ; the 111 fir k^i.iiul cm of a king raniioc be cl'..'fed inim..!iai.!y upon the death of his fatuer or gi.indfatlicr, nor be eligible till .iftcr an in'erval of t VI) reigns ; and a permanent council i» ellal'lillied, in which the txec uive power is vclted. By this chanuc, tl e houie of S.ixonv, an.i'.^ prei'ngative&i but it was the UMiverfai v. On of tile natior" ^iie lentirent tl'.at in('j>ired which, v. as uni« verlal happine's A few of the no 'ility, however, diCcon'cnitd at the generous 'a- eiiiice of fome of their privilege-^, repaired to the court of Ruffia ; mkI their rcpre- fenrations conciirrinu with the ambitious vie vs ()' the emprefs, flic lent an army into P iland, under pretcnc! of bcng guarantee of the conftitution of mz. Her M ni 3 ia POL POL I i I ttitcrfcrence wm mo powerful to be refift- c.li and mis nc-vs cm'' ilMM--ii «■« over, thrown. Hut the p.inoi'M "W"-;,* *"' vhkh tlU' RuH'u') HH>.v 'nrvii.l P"l^n« was n t yn armrtJ. The empitli h.wl nhniitd. in cimiuna on with ihw V.inp; of riulli 1. 1 itfoiM l'!i'" i'" "f ''"' unl'M'Py C.uniry, which aMii.illv t -k pUfc in ,-OJ. Bv tliis tht cmplcU (.bt.iiiitd rt.iilv il'c rnniimu); pu-t of Ltiluimn. v-ith'tlic piluiiia't* i.f To.!,. hi, kml, iiixl B ai/.hiw. Hi-hdt the voiwdlinps nr pto. v.m.s of Tnlcn. Onrfcn. Kili'l'. Sn^Au, VViilun. UnrTl'ii,. CMJavi;!, D .o./yn, R-.wa. put ef l'l:it(k, .^'. ^vi'li l.;i.n,thnr of. their c niinuiv.on arc- admitted as at! (Ti.rs. In C"ni<-c|',M:nce of this tolcravi n, the Diludents !;.'."e con- flnifted ch'irrlir', in riifl'ticnt part-, of the kincdr m, and ihe I.irhi-ruv , in p.ntioilar, havl tnuh (^ne at VVarlaw. The air r.t Poland lb gcnc\:jl!v cold, and tlicy have but little wo. d ; luit it is lo fertile in c.rn in maiiv places th^t it hippliis S^veden and H-lhnd v.iih ! ri;t; qiiantiti','!. There are extenlive pa"ur. <, .md they have a large f|uantity of leather, furs, lieiiip, flax, faltpctre, honev, and wax. They . have mines of fair, uhirh are of a ire.it depth, cut of ••■huh they dii; rockia!'. The principal liveis are the DDieper, Viftula, Bii' , N emcn, Dniefter, and l'.og. War aw i'. the capiial. P^iI,kRON, an ifland of Alu, m the Indian Ceean.and one of th-Ie winch pro- duce nu-mccs. The inhabi ant. were once under •'. e p'oreftif n of the E'l-iini ; bur thty were driven ihenceby !hc Dutch, and the na^'es wtr^ verv barh.ir.r fly tre-ited. It is ico ii'lcs S, E. of Am- bnvna. Lo:i. i?c. o. E. lat. 4. io. S.^ . PoLFsr.v.a nanr.e I'iven to the paiatl- nate of B'ZefciaV.i Lithuania. FoLtsiNo.i/i-r.Ovioo, a province of Italy, in the rcnnb 'c o; Venice ; boun-icd «n iheN. by the Pa-lnan ; r,n th-' S. by m J-'crraitfc ; on thu E. ty the Do-;ido, and on the W. by the Vernnefe. about 4.1 mile* m IcniVh ft U and 17 iti breidihV^nd i< very ferule in cora and n,uUl'es. H,vi,',oi. ihf c.pittl. • Pol, Sr. a fmail town n\ rrancf, in the di' ariment of t;ic Sir/i's o» Ca- Idi:, and lite province .if Artoi^. It is noieJ for it* mineral waters, and l» lO mile. N.W.of A.ras. Pm KANDUO, a fintll iflfind in ths Ar.hipclat;n, and one of the Cvcladcs ; about JO miles in circuniferetice. 1 ijc inhibitants are very poor, there bcinRonly a few villages a ca-le, and a hailvur; but, in Kcnaal, nothirt; hut birren 'ock* and nioimi.nnii. It lies between Milo, Sikino, Parrs, and Aniiparnj. Lon. iS 31. E. l,.t. ?5. M. N. . PoiifAMuo, a dtcayt-.i town in the kiiiLuhin ■'( Niplc. ^vuh a bi'lmp s fee. Jt is r.itid on a fui of the fame name, 6S mites S, F.. of Naples. Lon. 15. 40. E. I'l 40. 1?. N. P>)i n.sAN ', a populous town of the kin-dom .f N.pli'^, ith a Ivfhop s fee. It i- featid on a cra-i,'v r-xk.near the Ita, ,(, mil':s E. of B.ri. Lon. 17- -4' t^- '»«• 41. a;. N. Poi jc.Ni, a town of France, in the dep.rimen' of Jura and late provinee of Fraurhe Coiiite ; felted on a rivulet, 3« miles S. VV. ot Bel'ai.<;->n. Lon. 5. 55. E. lit. .I'l. 50. N. PoiiNA, an aiificnt town or 1 urKey in Europe, in Albnia, with a Greek arrhbifliop'* fee. It was formerly a con- fide rahle place, but is now almoft in ruins, and is n miles S. of Dura/w. Lon. 19. 20. fi. lat. 41. -■;. N. Poi.iro, or Poi,!/.zi, a town of bi- cilv. in the Val-di IXmona, at -he- foot r.i -he mount lin Madonia. 30 miles S. b.. of P Icrmu. Lon. 13- 53- E- '''^- 3^^- />. N. ' ' p,,i t orKsH.AWSiaconfidcrablema- nufaduii.-,.^ to.vn of Renfrewlhire m S.-tl md, (Vatcd on the river White Cart. Pol o:sK, a lnrt!;e town of the Rulli.^n emoirt.t.ie capit d of the eovernrtKnt ot the 'a-e name. It ^s well fo.tilied, and is feai.doMii.c rver D • ina r.r D:i:-ia, at the mouih of the fiiisU rivcr Polota. so nades S. \V. of Vitepilt. Lon. 27- }°- ^- '»'• <;. 4?. N. ' •'■ p.ii.oisK. a covcrnmcnt ot tnc KuH.an empire, foruud of part of 11 pa- luina-.e ff Li'.huani:'., dirmembcr-'d fruii P,,land liv the treaiv of partition in 177^- Irs produMs and ihofe of the govern- ment of Mohilcf, are chiefly gra^a lu la.>'e quantities, hcnp, Hax, and part urc. The forefts furmlli grtat abundar.ce ot aiaUtj POL e W. liv the Verinere. ft h mile* lii l«-''>(?'i- •''"'' '7 '1 111,1 i« vti-y fcrulo in cura and H ivi.yi i^ lllf cipif tl. Sr. :i rniail town nf Fnncf, •artmcnt of tiic Sir/i'^ ot C.i- I'ltt province nf Art'iis. It is r itj mineral waiers, anJ i» >'» W.i.f Arra». „ , . , AS- DUO, a fiiull iflmid m ths H;n, and one of ilic Cvcl.uks ; ) miles in circunifircnce. Flic ts are very poor, iberc being only ll;Kts a ca'lc, and a hailvur ; ■cna^l, nothirs; hut birren '-ck» mt.nns. It lies bctwtcn Milo, Pari's, and AniipaioS. Lon. tc,- .J. \(,. i:. N. . •ASTRO, a dcfavfd town in the I ..f Nirics. with :i bi'Iinps fee. ,tnl nn a f".f '■• tl'c fame name, , S, F.. of Napit». Lon. 15. 40- \o. n. N. I. SAN', a pnpulnus town of tlie tid on a cr.iL-i,'v r' ck, ntar the fta, , E. of B.ri. Urn. 17- -4' l^- 'a'- N. . , f.Nl, a town of Franre. m tf-e icn' of J 111 a an J late province of ; Comn' ; It itcd on a rivukt, 3* . \V. ot Bcfai.(;in. Lon. 5. 55. 4*1. 50. N. e t- 1 IN A, an auritnt town of Turkey ,mc, in Albnia, with a Grctk lop's I'cc. It was formerly a con- ic pinct , hut is now jlmo(\ in ruins, ,1 miles S. of Diira/w. Lon. ig. lat. 4'-':-N. iro, or Pni.i/,/I, a town of bi- 1 the V.il-cii Dcmona, at -ho foot mount lin Madonia. 30 miles S. K. ;rmu. Lon. 13- 53- E- '•'''• ^^• 1)1 t.orKsn,\ws,aconfidcrabletna- u,i,-,^ to.vn cf Renfrewlhire in id, t'v'ated on the river \Vliite Cart. .0:sK, a larf!;e town of tlie Rulli:'" ', tue capit 'Tof :h>-- tjovtrnmtnr of v'e name. If 's V'<11 f»l.tj %:. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) f*l 1.0 IM 32 I.I 1^ m Xii. .: m I: 1^ M 1 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 M 6" ► Photogmphic Sciences Corporation \ iV -b ■^ .^ rv ri> > '%'■ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 <^ i ti ■ «^s^^^^^:^mimm*m:'' s ip< Q- &?/ 'k6 La "is 1-' CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions /Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques %. m I !■■■■ I ■ i L --1l1T^^wr -•*l«^«r^-"--«"*«»"*W"f^« 'ssPTT^'siTr^iiJS^i ; s£ig t i^gL: .., 7. ''r»^ PON irafls, planks, oak for fliip-buil.ling', pitch, tar, &:c. which arc i !\:tfiy Teiu d vn ilw; JJwini to RigH. The inhahiiants of both ihct'e govcrnmfnts are coniputfd at 1,600,000; and f)f this govcrniiicnc Pu- lotfk is the capital. PoLTtN, Sr. a Gmll town of CJcrma- nv, in Lov cr Aufiiia, fcatcd on the ri- vuiot Drafa'Ti, which fails into tlie Da- nube near Holmhuig, tijiit miles from Vienna. PoMFGUK, one of the three iili"-- of Marfcillcs, in Frame, near tnc ifl.\nd of It. PoMF.RANiA, a (hichy of Germany, in the circle of Upper S^ivnny. It i'i hounded on the N. by the Baltic, on the E. by Wtntrn Pnillil ind Poland, on the S. by P.randenl'urg, and on the W. by Mtrklc.iburg. It is %v:itcred by fcveral rivers, of which the Oder, Reckenitz, Pent, Uckcr, Rega, Pcri'anet, Wippir, Ilina, Stulpen, and Lcbo, are the moft conr.derablc. The lir is pretty cold, but compeiifaied by the fertility of the h)il, which abounds in paftures and corn, of which a great deal is exported to forcien countries. It is a flat country, containing many lakes, woods, and fortfts, and has fcveral go,)il harbours, particularly Stetin and Strnlfiind. Ic is aiiout 2i;o miles in length, and ■; t, in breadth; and is divided into Hither and Farther Pomeiatiia. The btter and part of Hither Ponicrania be- long to the king < f I'riiHia ; the remainder is fubjeft to the king of Sweden. Stetui h the capital of tb.e Prulfian part, and Stralfund of the Swedilli. PotviKRELl.lA, a di(iri5l of Wertern Pruiria, forcibly fti7ed by the king of PruHia. Dantzick is the capital. PoME"; AN lA, a large cnunty of Weft- cm Pnifha, which extends from K. to VV. frvm the river Padergt, as far ;'.s rhe Vif- tula, between Eafieri: and Weflcin Pruf- fia. It is lull of l:iki:s and mora'.res. PdMONA. Si.e Mainland. P NTESTi'UlA, a town rf Italy, in the duchy of Montferrat, fubjctt to the king of Sardinia; feaied on tiic S. fuie of the ri\er Po. 33 ntiles E. of Turin. Lcn. S. 2;. E. lar. 4^. 2. N. Pos'ijiiMiKKRV, a town of the pen- infula of Hindocttan, on ihc coaft of Co- rinnandel. It was lirft Cetil-d by the French in 16/4, Previoii'ly to the war of 17^6, it wr.s, pethnps, the lineil eity in India. It extended a'ong the feacraft sbout a mile and a ciuarter, and was ubaut tiirce (juartcrs of a iioe in nreadth. It w.is well-built, and, bc(-.dc many public build- ings, had a citadel, then the bt'l cf its kind in India. This city was taken by PON the Englifli, in 17^11, and immciiatcly ra7- cd to the ;;ro'ind, in retili.tiMn of M, Lally's condu('.t toward the fortifications and buildings of Knr. St. Divid in iv^S, It was relforcd at the peace of 1763 ; fa- ken by the Englilh in 177S ; rcllortc! by the peace of 17.-?; aiul again taken by the Entlilh in 1;,)^. It is ico miles S. of M, lira-. Lon. ,0. o. E. lat. 11 56. N. P»Nl;lco, a lin.dl uninhabited "iilahd ol the Archipelago, lymg on ll-.e gulf of Zif n, near the o.'zd of Negroponi. PoMtitKADA, a town of Spam, in l.c'in, (e.it d on tJie river Sill. 40 miles S. VV. of Leon, L )n. 6. 6. W. lat. 42. 30. N. Pons, a town of France, in tlie de- partment of Lower Ciiireate and late provinc- of S.iintonge, very faiiKiUS ia the lime of the Huguenots, In this towti is a miner.d fpiin,',. It is feated on a hill, near the river Sevignc, 10 miles S. of Samtes. Lon. o. 50.' VV. lat. 45. 36. N. Po.ss, St. a toun of France, in the d-partnient of Htrault and l.t'c province of Langutdoc. It was a bifnop's fee be- fv ru the n volution, and is feaicd in a valley iurroundcd by mountains, in v.iiich are fine marble quarries. It is ;.4 miles N. of Nnrbonne. Lon. 2. 47. E. lat. 43. 29. N. PoNTAFi:i i.A. See PoNTF.FA. PoNr-A-MoL'ssov, a handfome and con idiTH'.'lc town of France, in the de- pirnv.er.t of ^Meurthc and late province of Loriain, with a univcrfily. There were lately fcveral religious h-ufes, and the Piemonftr-inies Ind a inagnificcnt chur^^^h here. It is (caved on the river Mofellc, which divides it into two parts, two miles N. W. of Nanci. Lon. 6. 16. K. lat. aS. 43. N. Pont-Aki. IKK, an ancient town of France, in the department of Jura and late province of Franche Comt' , feated on the river Doubs, near Mount Jura. It is acomm> dioijs paii'ige to go intoSwif- fcrland, and is defended by a ftrong csf- tlc. Lon. 6. 26. E. lai. 46. 55. N. Pont Audi-mkr, a town of France, in tile dcparmient of Eure ai;d late pro- vince of Normandy. It is feated on il'e river Rille, i? milts E. of Honl'.cur, and '■J; N W. of Palis. Lon. o. 35. E. lat. 4y. 2 I . N. I'oXT-pE-C. c, a tcwn of France, in .' ' department of Maine and Loire and I'.'t: province of Anjou, feircd on rhe :;ver Loire, 'iirce ni'les from Angers, and 170 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 29. \\\ lat. 47. 25. N. Po.vT-r)F-L'AHCHF,arowr,&f France, in tiie department of ivjre and late pro- M m 4 vinq- 1 i .'.v«»8MiMMiB«pi»!MWM»iM«a(^te*^ H,„a«ne, feated on the r.vcr 15 E. lat. 4''- 5' f^- fr-on-P in HI .vet. It was the firll town, after the ^Powr-.H-VAJX atowno F.at^: ..n IWt .^^ ^_^ ^,^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^,,^ th*: department uf An anrt '^J'^ P' ,^ (■ n„,„nHl c-nf. derations. of Brffe, ieited on the r.vcr Re IT. mile, "■;^, .^.^ ^.p, ^ town of France, . eiehi miles S. of Macon. l>on. 4. 55- «^- .^*^|^^ dcpaitmtnt of Calvados and late lat. 46-^8. N. „ „f France nrovince of Mormaidv i fcated on the Pont de-Vesi.f, a own of France, F^J 'ij,'= ■ ,,^ ^Ues 8. W. of the fofas; of the fa- k,„d as >-,-(. Aubuf- depa t .en^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^. ^ ^^ .^ f^n. It .s ftated on the riNcr \c le, 11 ^^^ amphitheatre, and is „ilcs W. of B)urg. Lon. 5. 4- E. lai. 46. ■n^^j^^'- j^ r^^ eminence, on the rivers O, c i^-^- c /- „^ -ind Vienne. There is a bridge over the P0ST-1.U-GARD. SecGABn. r"l,; Thence it takes its V.me. In PoN..DE-L.M,v, ato-vn of Portugal f"™"' ^^^^'^Ji,; ,,,1. it bv a finsul.r in the provinceof Entre-Dotiero-e.M lu^ h ,. he t;"^ ; ^^- „„,,,d with ^ith Thandlome pnl-'ce It .. Ua^uUm J^-^-^^^jj^^;!^' ., drelW the^nfulves in the nver Lim.. -.ver which -s a niagn - .^> ^ '» ,^^.^^3 ,„,ed while, atjd f,r.nt hridgc, .3 miles K W . of Bia^, ^ ^' j^^ ^,^,5^ before the ccn.incls could and .00 N. of Lifton. Lon. 8. 44- W- ^'^^^;^^i^J%,,eir approach. Charles VII. lat. |.. ~!.N. retookit bv ftormii^ '44:- T I'e parha- P NTEFA, or PoNTAFtLLA, ato\ n TCto^''-' ^ . ^ans'-errcd to this of Gcrmaiw, in the diichy '-^ }^?^^' ^ in /be .7:0, and ,7,3. I' i» 4? fcated on ihc river Fella, -luch fepara pi ce m ^5^-7^^^. _^^^ ^^ ^,_ ^y_ ^j- the country that ^f ''g^ /o the rtpu.lK n.ue b. ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^^_ ^^_ ^ ^_ of Venice from that of the houle ot *'=^" q ^ ,„ , „ of France, in . Auftiia. It has a budge which lead to J"^^J>^^^^ Jf ,1,, channel and late the. heft pairage over the Alps, it^ ^o ttte i ^^,.^^^^^j f^,,,^ ,he river ntiles N. W. of Friulv- Lon. .3- o- ^- ^J,^^„^ ,^ ^^iies E. of St. Malo. Lon. ^'V^sa^^FKACT, a borough in the W - ^^ W ^--o-J,°-a'';own of Italy in fui.„g of V-Kft"-. -f ,„\™;:^;\°S Tufcanv, with a ftrong cadle; feated at Saturday. ^\\^'^;'^^Zftr^7r'>^r.i^ the foot of the Appennine mountaiiis, 40 foil, a«d IS noted for Its nuriery B' " j^ f Genoa, and 66 N, V;^. of and large plantations of licorice. Its cai- ni '^^ ^- "^^on 0. 40. E. lat. 44- ^5- >«'• ■ Zl^^ -/"'-' ^'"•^iVEnSV.f PON ■ ST. k^rn.T, a fmall iU-bnilt '^ various tra?'cal events m the E"/ '« ^'^ J^ ^'^ 'f p^nce, in the d.pirtment of Zy : pavicuUrW, 'he mtvrder of th un- t^vvn o^f^Fr^^. ,^^^^ ^^ L,,'„„edoc. It fortunate Richard H- '« « " ^f"f;°. ^ {-.j^cd on the river Rhone, over which - W.of York, and nsN.NW-f Lon '^^a^^^^^,^ f'^-^^ ^'■'''Sf '%^"^i P^/J;- don. Lon. I. 18. W. lat. SJ- 4»- ' ' , „_,-(is f,f lo Pieat and 4 fmall arches, '^^PoNTE-STtJRA, afmalltownoflaly "l^^'ft ^^^ ^^ S^ , ^^^^^^^^^^ • inMontferrat.. I' >* ♦•"''""^ " A„ Th, ?v5hth depth, rapidity, and width of ^ - .pee o^- the nvr"> Stura and Po. th ee ^v,th p , i,^ )^^^^ ,ft„„,nime,it, ■ pules S. W. of Cala). Lon. 8. z .. E. lat. IJ^^^^';:^^^,.^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^, ^f the water m *^p;JJV.yEO«A,ato.nofV^n.in S^tXi-'^^- '^^^-^4^ GaUcia, f.ated alnaoft at th. mo^th of the t^^^°'^,';*,^^^^,f„f .^e nv.r ; and to IclT.n river Leris. It .s famous f-^'« f ^^//^ thrextreme rapidity of the Rhone, the of pilchards. Lon. ?. ^^' W. lat. 4^- »" ^^ ^^^^^^^^ j„ „ right hne, but in " »"• ^- . „ «f France the form of a curve. Thr, palliQe is de- poNT-G.BACT. a town Of France the to^ ^^ ^. ^^^^^ ^^.^^.^ ^,^, , -n an, I", » _ ,vf Wranpp ttie form or a luivt. » ■.. — -,- ■ ? poNT-GiBAUT, » ^"^"^ °i, ™„'d £d« by a ciiadel, wi-hin v hich is the in .he department of Pt.y de Dome and fendca j late pr-^v.nre of A"^^^^'"=-.^'Y fiver the river. As the bndi^e is fo (light, the PON lomilesW. N. W. of Clcr, z. r^8. R. I^t. 45. 51. N. i-Y, a I'liwll town of V'rancf, tment of Mcrbihiiii ami lite Brttayne, ftAuA on the river was the firrt town, after the ■ 1-89, that fct the example nnfi deration'. EvEQji'K, a town of France, iitimtit of Calvados and Ir.tc ■ Morn-.ai.dv ; fcatcd on the ue, eight miles S. W. of the unnel. OTd 10 N. W. of Li- 1.0. 6. E.lat. 40- t7- N-. SE, a town of Fri>nce, in ths • of Seine and Oi'e and late • thelflc of Frince. It is built ni of an ainphithcatrc. and is n eminence, on the rivers Oilc e. There is a bridge over the hence it takes its name. In Enijlift tnok it by a fingiilar • The^.M•uund t>ei'V/, covired with 'p.ffaiL^'.is drcllcri' the'TiCt-lves :n ith ladders painted white, and walla before the ccntincls could their approach. Charles VII. bv ftorm in HV- T'^e P*""','^" Paris was transferred to this 1652, 17.-0, and i7=,3- ^\'\^^ i. of Rouen, and 17 N- W. ot ^.n. 2. li.E. lat. 40. J- N. -Orson, a to ^ n of France, m rttnent of the Channel and late of Normandy, feared on the rivet , 20 miles E. of St. Malo. Lon. r. lat. 48. 30- N. , , , • [•.RfcMOi.1, a town of Italy, in ,, with a ftrong callle; feated at of the Appennine mountains, 40 L of Genoa, and 66 N. W. of e. Lon. 9-40. E- 1^*' '^,f.f,^: ^i' X St. Esi'RiT, a (mall ill-biiilt )f France, in the dtpirrtnent of nd late province of Lanj;ucdoc. It d on the river Rhone, over which •,f the fined bridges in Eur pe- I'- i of iq Pveat and 4 fmall arches, .rhtnefs of the ftruanre, compared he depth, rapidity, and width of the fills the nvnd with aftoniniment. cilitate the paffge of the water m af floods, apertures h^ve been m.irte t-h each pier, about lix leet above tiic ion level • N. . „ Pomt-su:«. iS.N. PoNi suR YosNE, atowno! francc, in the department ,X Y'mne and l.i-e pro- vince of Bu;-f;un iy ; feated on the nvcr Yonne, tii'ht rnik^'N. W . of Sens. Ljn. 3. M. E. iat. .v8. 16. N. PoNTYi'ooi., a town of INIonmor.t 1- iliive, with a market on Siturday. I' i'^ feated between two hills on the river Avr-n, v.diich turnd levtral nv.lls f.-r the .^■)■.■k^n3 of ivoii plates that are uttd in a manuiac- t )ry of japanned ware, now on the de- cline. It is 15 miles S. VV. -jf Moni.iou:n, and T.16 W. l>y N. of London. Lon. 3. 6. VV lat. u. 42. N. ■" Pont- Y-Pi. See Taafk. PoN'/A, or PONTIA, a linill iHand of th- Tufcan Sea, wt'.l known to be the pi ice to which many illullrious Romans P OP were form'-^v hanilhed. p. !at. 4:^. S.3- ^• LjU. 13. IC * PooSAiT, a town of the Dcccan of Hindo'iftan, in Vil-aponr. 1 1 is the capi- tal of the Wellcrn Mahratta empire; but it is not hrj.e, is meanly built, and lies open and defencelcfs. It is 30 miles E. of the Cuts, and too S. E. of Bombay. Lon. 73. ;;. E. lat. iS. 30. N. * PoORooN ijr:R, a fortrefs of Vifia- pour, in the D.c.m of Hind joftan. It it feated on a m'JewfcmndlaMd filliery. It has alfo a large importation of deals from Norway, a ge- neral commerce with Ameiiea and vari- ous parts of Europe, and a tine coa'tjng trade, particularly in corn and cnal. Near tlie m.iii h of the harbour is an oyfier bank, from which va'l (;u mtities are rar- litd, to be fattened in tie creeks of Elfex and the Thame;. Poole is governed by a mayf-r, a fenior hiililf, four other jufilces, •and an indeterminate number of burgelics. It is 40 miles W. S. W. <( Winci.eiier, and 105 V.'. by S. of Lundon. Lon. 2. o. VV. lat. 50. Ai.N. sa'?3K*i<>i'« Italv, bounded on rhe N. by the lenilories rij, or S."'let:3 ; Ancona; Urbino; Romagna ; the Bilogne'e; and the Feiia'efe, wiuch lee. The heft authors have nbferved, ihar coniidering the pope's Uo iiiniors generally coiifid ot a fcr-ile .ind tx.-ellent Toil ; that hi^ h-'.r- boars, b"tli on the gulf of Venice and the Mediterranean are advantagcouilv fitu- ated for trade; that he rc.-rives confvler- able (urns from Sp/m, Oermanv, S.:c. which might be fup.: >'ed M be no fmall ea'e 'o his !u''jei1i:. ; ihar his cnin'ry is vifiicd bv foreigners of dilinrtion, who r lufe much wealtn to circulaie ; tlte pon- tilical government ferns well c.ticnla'-ed for their happinefj, and tho country might be 4BH WI I ■ — ■ POP t»r fiippofcil t" be vti'v fl"urilhing. Rut the vtry reNcrk- of this is ilie ciifc. 'I'lit country is ill cuUivitcil and thin •"<{ iiiliii- birnnts, the JV»|i'}':neri; iibnc txcoptid. Trade and ninruil'i.'tures arc hut little tii- coui .ii;eil ; ,ind wi re it n't fiSr the hoir.ity of Providence, ulticli iiirnillitsthe inha- bilanti with I'.atts fi.i;s almon(l>, dives, and other Criiirs winch i;ri w !|)int:i:!e- oufly, tlie iiuiolcnce ot' tiie inhabiranls is fuch, that thty would be abiolutely flarved. This iiuKnence i'- n.n windtrful, liiicc tliey know, ili.it the more tluy ar- uiiire, the more will be dt:nindtd it' iluni. The nuiiier nih holidiys ,uo i;rt;u impedi- ments to the exertion'! oF iiiduf:ry; and the number of young llurdv hcLr{;.irs, who llroll about as pi!:;iinis, inluMd o' incrcaf- ing the conmion flock by their 'ndullry, lie as a dead weiiilit on tiicir fel'ow-fub- jtfts. Various other caufes iiiiidit be mentioned ; as the multitude of liolpitals and convents ; the inconceivable wealth ^vhich lies ufelcrs in 'here convents i.nd in the churches; tl\e inquil-.tion, and tlie ri- gour of the papal government. Hence it is, that in no part of Europe are to be found people more wretched than the pope's temporal ful)je6\s. The pope, ac- cording to the ancient canon la-.v, is the iuprenie, univerlal, and independent head cf the church, and invefied with fovc- reignty over all Chriftian !bvercii;ns, com- numiticb, and indivulud^. His arrogant prttcnfion'i are (o well known, tliit it ]t lieedlei's to expatiat.e upon them. Happi!v, the Reformation begun by Luther dil- pclled the delufion in many paris of Eu- rope ; and the proyreis of learning, and the fpirit of Irce inquiry, has enlightened many even of the Roman Catholic tjun- tries, where the papal political fyftem is treated wi h contem[)t. Tiic origin of this minftrous ut'urp.iti )n, which for ages held tlic Chiillian world in the moft de- grading fuiijeftion, belongs more properly to ecclefiattical iiiltory. The pope has the title of Ilo/y t'dlbn and Ilolnufs ; and he is clefted, at every vacancy, from a- mong the cardinals, each of whom is ftylcd hii Eminc-ce. Their number was fixed by Sixtus V. at 70, in allufion to the numbu- of the difeiples who were fent out by Clirill to teach the world ; an allufion, wiiliout any fnigular pro- Eriety, as "o r« o claffrs of pt.ipie cou.M c more unlike. But this nuin^cr is feldom cjmpl-'tf. Every n.:ti;-n of the Roman Catholic reiigiou has a cardinal for its protei'tor. Kefuie the eccietiaitical ftate, the pope is pollcllcd cf the duchy of pcncvetito, n\ tlie kingdom of Naples; "' ' VO R ' and, before the I'lte revolution in France, he had the territories of Avignon and VeiiiUron in that tuuntry. The annial revenue of the pope is computed to be S, 700,000 feudi, or upv.-ard of 2,ooo,o0'-l. fteiling. His military force is inconfidcr- able : l.ii body guard confills of 40 Swifs, 75 cuir:iirii.rs, ,,nd 7; light hoii'e. Hii naval iV,ic^ ronlilV; of a fev gillies, fta- tium ! at Civita V'ecchia. R , r is the capi'ji. I'ori RiN'GL'K.N', an open town of Auf- trian l''landtrs, fcated on a river of tlic fame name, fix miles W. of Ypres. Lon. J. 5". E. kit. 50. S'- N- I'oi ij, a territory of Africa, on the Slave Coaft of Guinea. It is called a kingdom, but the inhabitants have fcarcely any houfes to dwell in, bcifidc the king's village, which is in an irtand in the midll of a river. They are (1.1 haraffcd by their neighbours that they cann- N. itrritcry of Africa, on flie of Guinea. It is called a the inhabitants li.ivc fcarcely > dwell in, Ijofidc the king's 1 is in an iftand in the midft rhey are I'o haraffcd by their lat they cannot cuhivate their t, anrl therefure they would td, if they did not get pro- other places. Their chief ves. a town of the peninfula of on the coill of Malabar. It ic Dutch, and is fuuated 140 'ahcut. Lon. 74, 35. E. lat. ESTEK, a village of Hamp* upper end of the harbour of between Farehani and Pjrtfca ia:i an ancient callle, which ■ late years, ror ili; reception jf war. town of S. America, In Peru, oiince of Los Charcos. Icated \V. of the mines of Potofi. V/. lat. 19. 40. S. tu, a fmall town of SwitTer- )ailiwickof Ell'gau, the capital ions of the bi(hopof Bade (by Its called prince of Porentru) icipa! plitcc of his rei'idence. ; town, furrounded by well- , and watered by a ferpentine he epd'copal palace Hands inence overlooking the town, near Mount Jura, three ;he frontiers of France, and iQe. Lon. 7. i. E. lat. 47 • c, a town in Somcrfctfhire, tt on Thurfday. It is ("eated 1 Channel, where ic has a good lav lb called. It is 14 miles F Dulvcrton, and 167 W. of on. 2.32. W. lat. 51. 14. N. r.tiKA, a handloir.e and ftrong lugal, in Alentcjo, with a bi- fliop's TOR ftop's fee; feated :it the fofit of a hi:;!! moiMitdin, in a pL.ilaiit tountrv ; ;o milts N. W. of Klv..s, aiui 9- N. I'., -i Lif. .n. ' Port AL'PKiNC'b. ,1 iVjprt of Sr. Doininto, I'laud in i biv, on to W. fide of the illind, ot uhirli it is tiic t.ii;ital. Lon. 71. 10. \V. lal. iS 4?. N. PoRT-UtslRb a h irbciir ill S. A'lie- rica, will re ll.ip-; tcmitime^ louth in tlitir pall'age to iht S lUih Sea. It u 1 o iinhs M. E. ol Port Julian. Lon. 65. 40. W. lat. 47. 50. S. * PcRT Glasc.ow. S:e Glasgow, Port. ■ Port Hl'ntkk Hay. Sec Dl'ke OF \ on K's Im. an 1). Po.irici, a pal. ice of the king of Na- ples, four n iles fro 1 his cai iril. It Ins a charinmg iitiiation on ihc (tafide, near ni. utit Vclu\ius. It IS enrl-hid with a vail number of line tiatues, and other rc- n.ains cf antiqu.iy, laiicn tut of the ruirs of Htrculaneum. PoRl 1. A.N[), a petiin'ula in Dnrfetfliire, of grea' ftrength both by nature and art, being furrounded by inaccdli'ile r; ck'., except at the hndint-place, wiicre tlicrc is a ftron>r caClt, c.ied Ci rt and Caftle, built by Henry VIII. Tl.tre is but one churrh in t;ie iPaiid, wh.cli (iatvls fu near the (ea, t'.iat it is oftin in oaugtr from it. This penin'ula is chierty nsited for its Itone, which is ufed in London for build- ing the tiiu-ft drudluies. Lun, 2. 25. \V, lat. i;c. 30. N. * PoKii AND, a ftaport cf N. Ame- rica, capital of Cumberland county, in the diltrift of Main. I: is fcatid (n a [ c- ninfula, iin which formerly ftood part of Falmi n'h. ft has an excellent haibour. ■* PonTLAND Imavds, a ciuflcr of iflands in the S. P.^cific Ocean. They arc low, and C'Vered wi'h wod ; the cen'rc one in I in. 149. J>. 1'". \At. 2. 5S. S. P.-iiiT L'ORiF.Nr. S!.i;OKirvT. PonT Loui.^, a ifrong f.)\vn of France, in tlie depnrmitnt of M 'ibihan and late province of Brctagne, witii a cit;idcl, and a gofd harb. i;r. It was toitifitJ by Lewis XII 1. from whom it h.id its n:im'.', and is a ''ation for p.irt ol the royal n.ivv, an.l the E. Ind a Company's <' ips. It is fcated at the mouth oi: the river B'.!'^'.'t, 27 milts W. of Vannes. Lcai. 3. >ii. W. lat. 47. i(0. N. PoRT-LouiS, a French forire'"';, in the W. Indies, on the S. W. co:Ut o'' Hi'pa- niola, which was taken and deiTio!ill;td by a ot New South Wale-, about thiec l(.;.-,u::; and a half N, ot Cape Birks". The capes that form iis ti. trance arc Iv.'.h, ruegcd, and perpendicular clitVs, O - ■'■ — -■'•■- -■ -'-° Ph'liip irn; to ih .,.,, . .,c,_.:^.-ii, .,1,.-, |jv. j-v- I .. .^..,t*. VI. 1..., In proceeding within, in 17S8, grvcrnor 'h'liip dircoi.'ered a large bvaneh extend- ing to ih? S. nnd found him'ilf pir''e*!ly landlocked, with a g'od depth of v. r.rcr ; and hnding alfi, that th.' country, in t'. cry vt!pc(',l', was ^irtatly lupeiior t .• that rou d l'.)taiiv Bay, he determitied to fix the colony of cinvifls h re, which had been origina'ly intendid for Botany Bay. Thu name of Port Jackfon had been given to it by captain Cook, as be ob- ici\ cd 1 «»saB»a»»>»'i«(«*«>*»«S5»fe«»a!»a»s«t«s^^ P O R ferved it ia Tailing along the coafl. Lnn, 151. 18. E. lat. 3j. so. S. '" Port I'atcick, :i fesport ot Sc.ir- bnd, in Wigtonfliire, confined by ihc lea on one fult, and on tiv; other by ovcr- lunging rocki. and lull.. It \u; a i;ood hifbour, and 11. nuttd tor its ferry 10 Do- uighidve 111 Irelniid, from wh'uh it vj only »0 milci dillint. It is cf«n;)iiti;d that 11,000 head of tattle and 210: horlj. arc annually imported from Ircl-.nd to this place. Here is one of the fintll quays ia Great Britain, with a reflecting light- houfe. Here alfo are four tl'.i;aut packet- boats for the convtyaiice nf the mail, 3"'' the accommodation of piffcnj^crs ; ar.d uic mail coaches go rci'ulaily from London and Edinburgh to ^I'ort Patrick on the ^ P O R iH-'.nd, .p iiillcs N. of Sardinia. Lon. 9* to. E. lit. 41. 4i- N. Ponio-VfcNKKico, a town of It.ily, on the ci..l> of Genoa, at the entrance of the i;ulf of Sptv/ia; featcd on 'he fide of a hiii, at the toj) of which is a fort. It h>8 a };.K)d I'.arliour, .md is 4s miler, S. E. of Cici;oa 5.N Lon. 0- 3^- K. lit. 44. one fide, and fmm Dublin to Uonaghadec en the other. The great improvemi.nt5 in this town, and in the harbjur, are principally to he attributed to the exer- tions of the lite fir luhn Hunter IV lir. It is about i.:.7 iTiilt"i S. W. of Edinburgh, and 4^7 N. W. of London. * PoRro LoNGONK, a fmall but ftrongtown of Italy, in the i!lc of Elija, with a good harbjur, a;id a fortveis upon a reck, almoft ir.accclFible. The king of Naples has. a right to put a garrilon therein, thoujjh the place belongs to the prince of Piombiiio. Porto Longonc is fcated on the E. end of the illand, eight miles S. W. of Piombino. Lon. 10. 10. E. lat. 4^- "^i-N- , • u -n X Porto Ptouo, a fcaport m the idand of Majorca. Lon. 2. 4'- l'-- '■«• 39- -^V- N. Porto-Rico. See Jlax-de-Pu- ERTO-RlCO. Porto- Santo, an libiul ot the At- lantic Ocean, on the coall of Africa, and the leaft of the Madeiras. It is about 15 Port Pray a, :t town ar-d bay of t'le illand of St. lajv'. ""<= "^ '^'' ^''l'"^ '^"i \-,rd Ulauds. Here the FreiicU adiniral Suffrtin, in the \i\\ war, attacked an Eng- lilli fijii.vlron, und-.r commodtire John- ft(]ne, notwiihitandiiit! this was a neutral p,rt. Lon. I?. 37- ^^M^t' '4- '*-^- , '^ Portkki', a town on the ifland ot Skvc, (-ne of the Hebridt-',, or Wefieni lil.tnds, of Scotland. The inh:ibuants of this town trade chiedy in blark cattle, fmall horfes and kelp. Pokt Rovai., a fcaport of vhe We.t Indies, in the illand of Jamaica. It was oiice one of the liiiell feapnrt towns in Amrrica, abounding in riches and trade ; but. in 1691, it wasdeflroyed by an carih- cpiake, in 170: by a fire, in t-ii by an inundation of the fea, and in 1744" '''' • fcred ;',rcailv by a hurricane. It «ill con- hfts of three handfo ne ftreets, with leve- ral crofs lanes, and a fine church. It is built on a fmall neck of land which juf. out feveral miles intothe fea, and is i uud- ed by a ftrong fcrt, which his a line of near 100 pieces of cannon. The hirbour is one of tne beft in the world, and lor-i (liips inn- riiie therein, fccure from eveiv wind that can blow. It is fix miles E. ot Spanilh Town, and as much by water S. E. of Kingfton. Lou. 76. 4C- W. lat, 18. o N. Port-Royal, an ifland in N. Ame- the eaft ot the Wdtitiras. iiisauou^.;, . ^ "'^ '""•■-'(• r-,nln, thp ec An.'^afolis. Port-Sasdwich, a harbour in tlic ifland of Malllcolo, in the South Sea. Port St.M m^y's, a fcaport of Spam, in Andalufia. The EngUHi made adc fcent here in 1701, with a dtfign to bc- ficge Cadiz, but wuhout fucccfs. It is 10 miles N. E. of Cadiz. Lon. 6. o. W. lat. 3 5. 37. N. " PoKTSF.A, an ifland of Harnnfliirf, between Chichefter Bay and the harbour It is a low traft of con- fiderable 1^ O R cs, N. of Sardinia. Lon. 9* KNKHKO, a town of It.-»'y» if Gcri'ja, at the entrrincc nf Ipcy^ia; I'daicd on ilic lldi, of toj) of wl.ich is a fort. It larbour, .iiiil is 4, miler, S. . Lon. g. 3!?. E. U'- Pray A, ^ town and bay of St. lajv, one "f thf C;t;ic de i. Here tlio Freiuli adiniral he Ult war, attHcktd an Eng- n, vmd-.r cominodorc John- ihltjndmg tius was a neutral :,. 37. W. lat. 14- =4. N. f the Hebrido, or Wcftcni Scotlriud. The inh;>.bii.inf. of trade chiefly in hUrt; cattle, , and kelp. OVAL, a fcnport of vhe Weft he iliand of Jamaica. It was f the fiiiell fuapnrt towns i:i .bounding in riches and trade ; 2, it was deftroyed by an earih- 170: by a fire, in 171* bv ar\ of the fea, and in 1744 '' '''' " ly by a hurricane. It Ibll con- ;e handfo ne ftreets, with feve- incs, .ind a fine church. It is fir-dl neck of land which jut?. 1 milts into the fea, ^nd is i und- ronjr fort, which his a line of pieces of cannon. The hirb.wn of Portlmouth. ' dry. They alfo m.ike a grc.it «leal of fait PoKiKMiU'in, « borough of H^mp- with tlit fta-wr.tt,r, clpctiaily in the hay Ihire, witii two markets, oiiThurldav and of St. Ubcs, whence a I'ji-e.it deal is export- Saturday. It is tiie r.io!i confuierable lia- cd. Their foreign trade conlilU either of ven for'nien of war in En^iland. This the exportation of the produce of their capacious liarbour h made by a bav run- own country, or in the merchandife which ning up littwicn tb liLind of'Portl'ea, on they receive from their foreign fettle- vvhicU the town i' lituatLd, and the oppo- mcnts; futh as fiigar, tobacco, rum, cot- fitc peninlula, ' .v;ng a narrow entrance ton, indigo, hides, Brafil and other woodi comiiiandtd I'v ihj town and frts. Portf- for dying, and many cKcellent drugs. Itioutli is 'I - inoll ftr>ni;lv furlitied place Befidc thelc, they have gold, filvcr, dia- in Great Drii.iin. Many of the largeft monds, and other precious ftones from fliips are always 1 iid up here ; and, in time America. The horfts of Portugal were of war, it is the principal rendcivous of the formerly in great cftttnn, but they are now -'rand channel rteei. The docks, arCenals, fo fund of mules, that if they were to raife llorthoults, barracks Sec. are all of capi- an nrmv, they would want horfes. To- tal mai^nitude, and kept in the moft per- ward the frontiers of Spain there are fedt order. The town is entirely fnpport- mountains in which they formerly pot ed by the relurt of tiie army and navy, gold and filver ; and the river Tajo, the Oppofitc the town is the noted road of Tai^us of the ancients, was celebrated by Spithead, where the men of war anchor their poets fi-r its golden fands. There 1 are mines of iron, tin, lead, quarries of marble, and feme prc-.ious ftones. The principal rivers are tlie Tajo, Douero, Ouadiana, Minho, and Mondego. Por- tugal is divided into fix provinces, namely, Eftramadura, Ueira, Entrc-Minho-e- Spi when prep,.red for adtual lervice. Portf- inouth is governed by a mayor, 12 alder- men, and burgclles, ' It has one church, »nd two chapels ; one in the garrifon, and one in a part of ihe town, called the Com- mon, for the ul'. of the dock, ft is :o miles S. E. of W'intl'.efter, and 71 S. W. of Douero, Tra-los-Montes, Alcntejo, .ind London. Lon. i. i. W. lat. -o. 47. N. Algarva. Tnc mihtarv art is almoft for- *■ PoRTsMoiii H, a liandfoine town of gotten, as thcv have enjoyed a long peace, N. America, the largeft in the ftate of with very little interruption, fi.ue the New llamplhirc. It ftands on ihc S. E. war concerning the Spanilh fuccelllon. fide of l'ilcatai|u iv River, a'oout two miles The Portugutfe ladies are addiflcd to gal- from the Atlantic Ocean. Its harbour is lantrv, for which realuii the men arc jea- one of the finelt on the continent, well de- fended by nature, both againft ftorins and an enemy ; and it has a iighthoufc at the entrance. '' PoKisoY, a r.apurt of HanfTshirc, in Scotland, about fix miles E. of Cullcn. It is a handfome town, has feveial hflimg lous of their wives, and allow tlitm but very little liberty. The govcrninent is monarchical , but the loyal authority is limited by tnc fundatr.cntal laws of the kingdom ; for the fovereign cannot raiie any more taxes than were ftttled in 1*^174. The Portugutfe arc indolent, and fo fond and trading veffels, and manufatWies of of luxury, that thev fp'tid all their wealth Inuffand fe\%iiig tbread. in the purchafc of foreign merchandifr. PoKTUGAL,''tlie liu ft wcftern country No other religion is allowed here but the of Eui-f'pc, :'b.ut ^10 miles in Icnytli, and Roman Catholic, and thty have three arch- 150 in bieadih. It is b-uu'.'cd on tlie W. bilhops and 10 ijilhop;;, ijcfide a ptriarch. and S. by the Atlantic Ocian, and on the They have three fcNore inquiHtions, and E. and N. bv Sp:>in. Though Spain and yet there are a great number of concealed Portugal are'iii the f5iT>c ciim ite, yet the Jews, The authority of the. pope is fo air of the latter is nv.ich nn re teniper;ite than that ot the former, on accwunt of the neighbouih' od of the lea. Ci.m is not very p.Lr.tiful in this coontry, iiecaufe the iiibabi-ants do nor attend iiitich to hul- sTiat, that the king cannot confer any be- ne lice without his con'ent. There are three orders of ecclcfiufiiral knights, who enjoy great revenues, antl who would be very formidi.ble, if the king were not baiidrv ; for tliis re?.(on they import In- graiid-tnafter. In 1 5 So, there was a fai- dian corn from Afiica, whi.-h is made ufe (jf by the pcr.f'.nT'i inftciid of v.hear. Tlicre i;: a grtat i, umber of barren nioun- taiiis, and yet ihcy have pleaty of olives, lure in the royal line, and then Philip 11. kingof Rp?ln, fubdtied the country ; bur, ill 1640 there was a great levolutHin, and John duke ef b-'u^an^a obtained tlic crown, ^a>W!tt*^a!»&>«*^w«ew»«|»«^ I POT crown, whofe drfccn.tir.ri have enjnyeiJ it tvrr finr.'. I Ifl. ii i. the rapitfll. PoMCA. a tli'>ni; and ciinriiltr,il>lc t,nvn uf S.livoma, c piul of n crunty of the l.iinc nanic. U whs t.ktn fr m the Turki, by tl,.: Iivin-i i.VntU, in i6S;. Tilt; cmintrv i» inc'.uiUtl huivccn il\e nvcrs Save and Dk.v.-, li.uiii. tht cmi.iy ot Craitioii the W and W.ilp> on the K. The town ik !i"t>.d '1 * *«^'"''''' <'""n"'V. en the river Oii.ina, no miU^ VV. by N. cf nal.li.i.AMi ..f Cn.a PJ.md, ,i"d of a ual.iliuati of ilic I ""e n^ini , with a to d ealtlt, and a bilhop's \cc. Tlic tathidr.il is luauiiiiicLnt. ;nul it is a tridni^ place, fta'cd in a iiKilant pl.iin, fuirniindtd by btaunfiii hill., lly 'he late partitr n of F.hnd, it became lubjcdt to the Kini; of PruHia. It is lea-cd on the river Waria, «7 -Tiiles W. of Gnefna, and 117 ^V. ot V/arlavv. . PoTSiiAM, a town (if Germany, m the c'irele of Upper Sjxany and IMuUllc Marchc of Hrandcnb'.ir;;, witha pdace bt- loniMnr to the kinj; ot I'luHia. It is leaf- ed in an id.nd 10 nilKs in eircuniftrencc, which is formed bv the rivers Spree and Havel. The palace is very curious, and built upon a delightrul fpot, 11 milts W. of Berlin. Lon. 13- 46- K. lat. 51. POTENZA, a town of the kingdom of N.iplcs, with a billiop's fee. Ic was al- mort ruined by an eanluiuake in 161)4. It is feated near ihc fcnncc 'f the river Bafiento. eight mile^ S. E. of Naples. _ " Potomac, or PATOMAf, a fine ri- Tcr of N. America, in Virginia, which falls into the Lav of Chefapeak. On the banks of this river is now creftini; tlie city of Walhington, the intended metro- polis ol the United Slates. See Wash- ISCTOV. Porobi, a very nth, populous, and confiderabic town <^f S. America, in Peru, and in the province of f-os Charcos. Tiitrc is tre bcH iilvcr mine in all Ame- rica, in a mounlnin in the form of a (ugar- \r::i. Silver is as common in this place as irtjiiis inluirope; however, it is alnudl ex- haufted ; atlcalt they i;et bur little tr.;m it, in companion of \vha\ they did formerly ; and the mountain itlelf is laid to b^j litile Letter than a fliell. The country about tlusi pUco is fw naked and barren, 'hat tlicy are oblit^ed to get their provifions fnm the neu'hbourine provinces. It is (eate-d at the bottom of the mountain of Potofi, 300 miles S. E. of Area. Un. 64. 25. \V . lat. ».;. 40. S. P R A PoTTON, II tonn f f Dcdforddiirc, witfc n mutket on Saturday. It is watered by a fuiall brn..k, ind is <» mdcs K. of B dford, and 8 N. l>y W.ol London. Lon.'.. I**. \\. lat 5a. I I.N. ' 1'01'<.1IKKH'SIK, ■* ple.ilant little town .tN. Amenca, capi'.i' ■ f Diubefs County, mthe tla:eof N'V York. It l» fitiMua on ilu E. I'de o* lluUlon. River, N. of W.-ppuKe'-'s'^'"''-^'^- , _ » PoutJtjis, a ullajic of France, m tlic deiiiiritnent of Nievic an>l Ute pro. vince of Nivivnois. It is lotid for I'J ftiruuinous 11,1 tril waleri, and is Ir.e mills' N. W.if Ncvers. PofiTON, at. wn of Lancaihirc, with n 11.11 ktt on Mondiy, I'eaied near the mouth ot the river Wyrc. lrt> -y:' e-s S. W.of Lancafter, and 23' N.N. U . of L.ndon. Lon. 3- <>• ^^ • '^'- ^^ u. N. r ■ I ' PouRSKi-ur, a to vn of Afia, in the kingdom ot Si.im, J so milts N. of Sum, L n. .CO. .(o. E. lai. i». 5'- N. ' PouK/Ai.N-, a to'AU of France, in the department of Puv dc Dome and late novincci'f Aiiverj-ne, feaiedonthe rivtr Suade, 36 miUs N. by E. of Clcrm-mt, and 190 S. of Pans. Lon. 3. 15. t^- 'at. 4fi. II. N. ..... 1 ■ Pr Ml AT, a town of Afia, m the k-ng- d-.m.^f Siam ; ico m Us N. of Siam. Lon. 101. 10. K.lu. 1;. 43- N- PiiAcii Au. a town of Piedmont, fevcn miles VV. of Turin. Lon. 7- 30- E. lat. 4;. ^.N. , , PitAGUi., a handfomc, lnn;c, and fa- mous city ii. Germany, capital of tiic kin^.Jom of B hernia. It comprehends three towns, nan.cly, the O'd, the New, and the I.ilt'c Town, and li ab .ut i^ miies in circumference. It is budt upti f,vcn m..uiit;ins, from the top of which .s a verv tine pr.dre«. There are a> vc ,.-0 ciiurches, and as many palaces. 1 tie ,ivcr MoKlaw, orMuld.-w, runs ihrou.^U the town, and fcpanit.s the Old fiom the New. Then is a handlomc bvuUe tn'cr it, built of frt^eftone, and lupporte^d bv I S arches. It i"^ 1770 feet in length, ami t<, in br>.adih, bavins' a flront tower :,t each end. and hve rtatues on eieli Ik e. The Old Town is very populous ; tlic h.aifes arc hi..;h, and the iVetts narrow. There are t.-^o la^-^e ftru^ures, oHe_ of which is the pit.ilant little , AiiicMca, cipiM' ■ t Dialiefs till- ti-rc of N-'v Yi'tk. Ii l» th( E. r"it "' llinil't'>>"» River, WIS, a uli,ii;c of France, m mtnt ot Nitvif ami Utc pri.- Nivnn(is. It IS ii-tiJ fnr i-a » 11)1 tril ualtrs, iiiiU is Ir-c V.vi Ncvirs. , .)N, a t. wn (if Lancaihirc, "itn in Mon(!>V. li'iitil ntar tlie he river Wyrc. Ir i. .s ir 1l-s L,mc(rttr, .iiul 231 N. N. U . ,. Lon. 3- ''• ^V. lilt. S3- f.Lvr, a tovn of Afii, in the il Sum, »>*o milts N. of biain, .,0. !•:. Ihi. i». 5'- N- U.MS, a to'An of France, m mcnt (,f Piiv de Dome aiiJ h'c f Aiivtri'iu-, fcrticdontlie rivtr , niiKs N. by K- of ClcrniMnr, . of r.irb. Lon. 3. 15. E- '^t. ,T,atoan of Afia, in the king- Am ; loomUsN.of Siam. Lon. i.l.t. IV 43- 'N' , - i.A^. a town of Piedmont, levcn of Turin. Lon. 7- 3o- £• 1*'' LT, a handfomc, Inri^c, and fa- y in Germany, capiiiil of tiie of B hcmia. Ir cTiiprehcnds MS, nan.clv, the O'd. the New, I.iu'c T; :,rciimfcrence. It is built upon untfin-,, from the tcp of which >s Ine pr.'iVta. There are ab^vc ches, and n^ manv pnlacis. 1 he ,Uhiw, (.rMu!d,.w, runs throiikiU , and fcpanitis tlic Old from the hcr« is il Iwndfomc bvidjt over of fr>:ef\one, and I'lipported -hos. It i"^ «7 7o feet in length, ,1 brtadih. bavins; a ftroni; tower nd. and hve rtatues on eieh lide. ii Town is very populoU". ; the re hiuh, and the iUeets narrow, ire t.-'o larae ftruaurcf, one_ fjf the old palace, where the ancient Iklcd. The finelf orn:'.mi.ni ot t is theunivcrhiv, frKiiicnrcd by lumber ot ftudents. 'I he Jeluits maj;niticent college here; and • Jews have nine fynaeos^ues. 1 he 'own furrounds the Old Town, «ain» fine lUuftures, handfom, gardens PRE pardcn-i, and hrpc ftreeti. In the rhureli uf St. Peter and St. Paul, li a larj;c eo- hinin, brnkdi in tiirce iijcre., which tliev pretend the devil biinij;ht frniu St. M.itv'» at Rome The f.ittlc Town \v I. built on the fjiot wliere there wa» a fnrtll ; and there is a poplir tree yet lljiuling, which tliey aflirm ha^ ^rown tliere aliciiit noo years. The pn1uip.1l buildinp aic the Ri.y il CalUe, ilu: R.,d- ll'.ii), and the Straw-houi"e, The llrft Contaii.^ A I'lall, loci p.ice^ I nk>, aid 40 broid, with' ut any pillar to I'lripriit ihe r .ijf. The palace c died Kai'lhin, is the til.ice where Mriiiec Drahoiiiiie \\,i;, (\val. lowed up alive 111 on. In the Straw- lunile tlicy fliow tit place where the Swedes entered the city in ifi.jS. Praj.iie was taken by ftcnn by the French in 1741 i but inarllial lit-Ikille wa^ (ii)li;;ed to leave it in Deceuuxr 1742. in 1744, it wai taken by the king of Prullla ; b.it he was ohhged to al.aiidrn it ihe Ihiiil- ycnr. It was bcfiegcd again by the kin.; <.f PruHia, in i7->7, after a ijient vic'torv, chtaiiicd iic'ir tliis city, over tie Auftrians cmmanded by c'l'jnt Brown ; hut bein;^ difcatcd fonie time afur by fi.unr Daun, ill was iiblijj'.d to raid; llic (ieijC. ft is •, 5 miU'J S. E. of Drefden, 1 -S S. E. of Ber- lin, and 23;; N. W . if N'ienna, Lon, 14. 50. E. lat. 50. 5. N. Pit AN UN' n/,, a town of rrermnny, in Roheniia, on the frontiers (,f Siicl'.a, fa- inmis f'ira hittie gained here by the king ot Pri Ilia, in 174;. Pkato, aio.'nof Italy, in Tufcanv, feated on the riv! r IJil'entino, ii niileb N. W . of Florence. Lou. kj. 54. E. kt. 43. 5..N. Pratoi.in'O, a palace of Italy, in Tufcanv, a little to the N. of Morcnce. It was a country feat cf ihe Great Diitc's, and is very liclily furnilhed. 'J he i;ar- dens, grottos, and water -works are verv fme ; and it is one of the ir.olt deii^laiul places in Italy, ' Pkapes, a fm.ll handfi'nc tO".ncf France, in the dcpartnitnt of the i'L:".urn Pyrenees and hte province of Rouhllon, leaied on the ii\er Tet, in a (im; plain, in the iini!. E. lal. 41. 31. N, ' Pivn of the king- dom of Naples. It appeari by an ir.fcrip- tion, thit il is the aaeient Uul.i", and its territory has the nitne of Culta Rufrana. It is 7.S iiiiies N. of Naples. Lou. 14. 20. Ii,. lat. 41, 20. N. Pacsirjii, a linall territory of Italy, in Tufcanv, and in the Sienncfc, The proper ramc of it is Lo Srato degli Pre- fidii; and it includes fix fortrelits, fcated on 1 U S -=teoi3s»5"-!^«4;^^- =-Hi PRE P R I fortrtdc. were dcnji.c! !« <^oi pciTtiliim of of the oihtr 1714, thi' S, inur-i. feui I - -• theinBll; arci in ,-3-,, rluy «ere «dcd to the kinp of .he Two Su ,lic. by treaty. Thcirnam^'. aieOrbiicll.,, Itlemonr, Por- to llercnle, Tort.. SanSi.phaii.. Monie Phihppo, and Porit L<>'>irone. Pi'.tsoVM, a town f.t Little Pul.md, fcatcd on therivtr Vuiiil:* 10 inlcb F.. of Cracow. Lun. io. 16 E. wt. 50. 10. N. nc.^r It arc iTiines <<( iron. To the 8. W. is La H.ivc a Cmall town oil the Citiifc, faiiimi-. as ihc birthplace of DtU irtc>. Prcuilly is 18 ni;'.- S. of Lrchcs. PrtlAMAN, a fi.iport "«- -^-^ in S. Walts wiih a mxrlict on Saturday It is (tatid near tlit fourcc of rhc Lug, in a rich \;i1Il) ; i- a l"g«;. handt. mt, well- built town, with paved rtpul:^ ItfeU* 1 and hcrt the a«',/.cs art held, and the county k;«"I '" l^M"- Ti'f market is r.- mavkablc for l^a^lcy, of wliichthtv n.ake a great dial of utalt. It is 30 tnilt^ W.N. W. cf Worctftcr, ard m'; VN • _N. W. of London 13 N. Lun. 1. 3S. W. lat. 5». PuKbToV, a borough in Lanrafliire, with three m.irkets, on Wed 'Jday, Fri- day, and S.irurdav. It is le.itrd „,, the river Ribble, over which is a h:>ndr.ini: flone bridge It has a lart'c t-ukct- Chailes II. and the hill was, for lome tittie, called Creen-BetrvniU, from tli.- ndinu of three perlons, who were fau t(. have biouglit him here after they had murdered him at Soraerfct Houfe. PuiNCF.'s III ANP, a Imall ifland on the W.coaft ot Africa, z^o miles S. \V. of Loango. Lon. 6. a'^- ^' '"• ,'; *"'-,^- * Prince's Island, a fmall illand ot y\fia, at the S. W. extremity ofthc ftiaitj of Sunda, a few leagues from the coalt of Java. It ii very woody, and not nuicU cle.red. The inhabitants are Javanerc, whole rajah is fubjeft to the fultan ot Ban-am ; and their cuftoms are vcrv limi- liir 10 thofe of -''enatiies about Batavu. ».eU paved. It is luha'.uci by m^ny gtn- n. h.hu o. zO. b. tccl ftniihts. invitod here by the beautiful fituuion. Hnc is a court otchanct^ry held, and the other offices of Jul'. ice for the county palatine of Lancaftcr. 1 He maiket. on Wedoeldjy iind Fudav nic for provifions, and that on Saturday t.r com, cattle, hnen-cKith, and oiIkt com- Itioditifs. It is noted for ilu; dccai of the rebels here by the kin;/ s f tccs in ,711;, when tluy were all made pnlonevy Iti'^li miles S. of I.ancart.r, and 114M. N. W. of London. Lon. 1. S3- W. lat. ^^Pr'fstoN-Pas's, a viUa-c of Had « Prince of Wales, Cape, the nr-ft weftern extremity of :'ll Amerii.t, hitherto known, difcovered bv captain Cook in 1778. Lon. i63. 5. W. lat. 0;. 4(..N. ^, . • PRiNCETOV.a villai^c inN. Ameri- ca, in the ftatc of New Jerfey, noted for a lu-e coUeec, a handlo.ne IW edifKe, foifnded in 173% and called Naffau Hall. It is ',1 miles from New Yoik, and 43 from Philadelphia. f Princk William - Henry -> IsLANti, an ifland in the Eaftern Ocean, lyin^ W. K. W.of Tench's Ifland. Jt .^s:!:'^;:»rTir" Ir ti-i ±:'\^^:::^'^^ it. falt.works, and for the defe.t ot the royalarmv, under lir John C-pe, by the rebels in 'lUl- Lon. i. 5J- W. lu. 43- 58. N. ^ ■ „ PRKVt-iA, an nnciunt fcaport of 1 ur- key in Europe, in Mania, leitcd on the Eulf of Larta, with a bi'-hcp s li-.. It Rands on the ruins of the ancient ^l,;op'•.. lis, built by the emperor Aot:,''!-"'" to breferve the memory of his victor) over Mark Anthony. It belongs to the Vc- miles iii circuit. It is well wooded, and there were a number of clear cultivated trafts, on which fomething was growir.v; that h;id the appearance ot Indian corn, or fucar-canu. Several large and wc 1- c""(iriu'>ed h.r.ifes were fcen among the tires. This illand Jias a luxuriant and p-i'hirffiiuc appearance, and is fuppofedio l-e fertile and well-peopled. ^ nativ-e. were quite naked, and leen- 1. w the fame lurt of people a» llwle on T'|J<:1' » P R I iv.i? tiltn bv tl.cm in i(» '. a mountain, 7. miltf M. W. Ln». XI. ■•.]'. I.if. \<). 14. N. Y, a town of Fiance, tii the t' In'Irc and Loire .iiul l.iic Tc/ii'iine. It i*^ I'ciUtil on the and near it arc niint!> nt he 8. W. is L^ Hiyc, a 11 the Citafc, fanioii'. as ilic f Dtfiirtcii. Prtuiliy is i9 rclliH. a n .iport Holland King, in i7<>o. A high niotin- titn, nfinK in the centre of it, was called .Jount Phillip, Lou. 149. ]o. I'.. Ijc. i. ' Pkincf. William HKffuv''t INLAND, ill ilLnd of the S. I'luii^: Uccan, dilcoviit'ti iiy capt.tiii W^liis, in 17(17. L'.m. i4t. 6. \V. \At. 17. o. S. Pkivck Wir.LiAM''. SoLSi), a gulf on the N. \V. cart of America, in r.imede is compofed of the (\ ins of leak, t>' other lea animals, I'tretched over '!,e wood. Their weapt ns, and im einents for hunt- ing and fifhhig, are the lame as tiiofe uied iiy the Elijuimaux. Our knouledue of the animiilb of this part of the continent i. entirely derived from the fkins that were brought by the natives foi fale. Thefe were principallv of bears, common and pine martens, fea-otttrs, I'eals, ra- coons, fmall ermines, foxes, and the whitilli cat or lynx. The birds found litre were the halcyon, or great kins;- filher, which had line bright colours ; tiie whiteheaded eagle, and the humming- 'oiid. Few vegetables of anv kind woe obfervid; and the trees that chiefly Crew about the Sound, were the Canadian Ipriicc pine, fome of which are of a con- fidciable fize. Lon. 147. 11. \V. lat. 59. 33- N. Prkvcipato, a province of the king- dcjin of Naples, divided into two parts, the I'rincipato L'lteriore, and ,the Principito Citcriore, that ia, the Hither and Further I'rincipato. The Hither Principato is bounded on the N. by the Further Prin- tii)ato, and put of the Tefia-di-f.avoro ; nn the W. and S. by the Tufcan Sea ; ind on the E. by the B.ililici.a. Jr is ibout 60 miies in ' ngtii, and ^o in fircidth; the foil l' fertile in wi:u', corn, *il, and futiron ; auU uicy have u gi-eui #' PRO «KmI of filk, mid fevcml n-.Ineral fprlnf. * The capital is Sihrno. "ihc r\.iiticr' Pnncipa.-n i% hounded on the N. hv ihc county of ISr.lile, and (he Terra di Li- voro i on the \V. by the Tnl.Mn Sea ; on the b. Itf the Hihtr PiinciiMKi ; ,,iid „n the !•'. by the L .pitanata. It is aboot n miles in len((th, „nd join breadth. Tin; ApiKhiilnt inouiii,.iiii. lenJir ihe air c Id, and the loii it not very fertile, eitiier in cirn or wine ; but it prjduees che'niii-'. ■ind he. txctllcnt p.lltuas. Belleveni 1 i» the c ipil.ii. Pkiiiii siA, nti'wn < f Ttirlicy in Eti- rope, in 11. , iu.i, wiih a l,ilI.op\ f..c, :md j magnificent rhuicli. Ir is (eattd on the rivur Drln, 3 • miLs N. E. of Albmapol ^, and ig5 N. of H.igrade. I. on. 21. 3. E. l.it. 41. o. N. Pkisiina, a large t iwn of Turkey -n Europe, in Scrvii. It was pillaged bv ih-- Imi)erialilli in i'>S,)( anil is feared on the river Rulci, ;S miles N. W, of Ni(|,,, iuid 150 S. K. of He)^r.ule, Lon, zi, 5. E. lat. m. 4\, N. Pkivas, a tosvn of France, in th..' (!■•- pirtinent of Aideche ail 1 ,ie province of liauphiny. It ii feared on a hill, neir tlif confluence of three I, nail rivers, ib miles N. of Vivicrs. Lun. 4. 41. I',, lat. 44. 4S.N. Procita, an ifland of l^ilv, i„ the gulf of Naples, near tint of Il'eiiia. Ir is about eight miles in circii-nftrencc. and is very feitilc an.! popntuu,. 'Flic car.i.l, of the Uiiie nairie. is a (mall liinufoini; pl.ice, well fortiiied, and built on a hii;li rrnjigy rock, bv the lealidc. Lun. 1 ; ^8. E. la:. 40. 43. S'. PuoM, a town of Aha. in tiic kinfdotn of Hiirinah; feared on the river Menun, :oo miles N. \V . of PejjU. Lin. .14. c. E. lat. 17. s". N. Pkovkm'i;, a late province of Francj, bounded on the N. by I.\uiph;;,y j nti the S. by the Mediterranean ; nn tie \V. bv Langiiedoc ; and on the E. bv tlie Alps, and the river Var, whicii ier^jratc it from the dominions ofthc kin.^ of Si.r- dinia. It is 13S miles m len/th, i,nd in in breadth. The air.i: scry (V'irtunr j f,,r near the Alps and Dauphiny it u cold, on the feacoall hot, and 1:1 the niidvile ttm- peratc. In th.^t which was til.'cil U'l-xr Provence, the foil is fertile in rorn'anA pifturcs ; but in Louer iV. Viiiee, lirv and landy. It produces, h. ivever, wine, oil, tigs, alinor.d-, priine.;, and p. uiegran^tes, alon_^ the feacoaft fiom To'ul.'n to Nice, Tliere are oran7,e p.nd citron. ir-es in ihe open fields; an J many m plants, mineral waters, and mines of iev.;ral kinds. Pijvcncc now I'urms the depircmonts of N n Vw, P R U ■ Var, the Lower Alps, and the Mouths of the Rhone. Providence, a town of N. Ameri- ca, in the Hate of Rhode Ifland. It i» the moft flourilhing town in the I' '"•, hw a confidcrable mnnufad^ory of clotli, and carries on r\ large fortijrn rradc. Htre is an elegant college, called Ultode Ifland College. Providence h felted on both fides of the river of the fame name, about 30 miles N. W. of Newp>)rt. Lon. 7'- 11. W. lat. 41. 51. N. " Providknck, a river of N. Ame- rica, which rifcs in the ttate ,dth, ;vhere it is narrowolL It is a very fer- til- cnunvrv, and produces a great deal ot flax Icirp, and corn. There is a great nuii'ler of domeftic aniin-.':- ; and the (ca, rivers, ?nd lakes, fupply them • ith great rl.ntv of lith. B? dt the common g'.n^.c, tU-re arj elk?, wil.d alVes, and uri, .'ii ihc P R U forefts. Thefe hft are of a monftrous fi/.e, and have fome refemblancc to beetcs. Their hides are extremely thick and llrore, and thev ftll them to foreigners at a grtat price. 'One of the motl remarkable pro- duftions of this country r yellow amber, which is got along the Icicoaft. 1 here are two large lakes, bei^/.c the rivers Vif. tula and F'regel. The inhabitants arc of a good conftitution, indurtrious, robult, and good foidlers. There are a grcit number of mechanics, but their prmcip.il bufme'"s is hulbandry, and feeding of cat- tie. In the 13th century all Prufha be- longed to the knights of the Teutonic Order. In i4';4. ihat part, linco deiio- mi'i-ited Poliih, Royal, or Weftern Pruiiis, revolted to Caiimir IV. king of Poland, and was afterward incorporated :nto tiic dominions of the repul>lic. At the fair..; time, the knights were conftrained to hnU the remaining pm, called Eaftcrn or Di- cal Pruflia, as a ficf of the crown of Po land. In 15x5, Albert of Brandenbur,-, their grand mailer, having become a con- vert to th« do-'.frines of Luther, took at'- vantage of the confufions of the empire ri bnray the interelh of Ids fraternity, ;.: iil rnncluded atnUf with Sigilmund king ot Poland, by which Eaifern Prulha was trcrted into an hereditary diiJ.y, and eiven to him a^ a Polilh iief. lie mar- ried a pviiui r-, ot Denmark, and tranimit- ted this ricti inheritance to his delcenJ. ants ; one of whom, Frederic William, tin: Great Elertor, was the firft duke ths; threw off nis feudal dependence on Polaiul. His lon, Frederic I. in 1701: aifumcl the title of kin^ of Prufl.a, which w.,s Toon after acknowledged by all the Lhril- tian powers, except Poland, which diu not acknowledge it till 1764. at the accel- fion of Stauiflans Auguftus king of Ir- land. The fucceiTors of Frederic L were Frederic William I. Frederic II. and Fre- deric William il. the prelent king. In 1772, Frederic 11. compelled the Poles to cede to hifnthe whole of Wtllern Pruliir.. the cities of Dantzic and 1 horn cxcepta, ; and, ia .7"3. the prelent king of Prului;, by another forced celii.^n, obtained polkl- f.on of thofc cities, with feveral conhdsi- able provinces, to which lie has given the name of Southern Prulha. Koninglbcr- is the capital of all PrulFia. See 1 o- LAND-. . ■ , . , - PKfTH, a river of Poland, which rues in Red Riiru, in the mountain of Cra- . path croffes parr, of the palatinate ofLem- bun^,. runs through all Moldavia, aiul falk into the Danube. In 171 1. the <:•" Pvter the Great having kd his troops .mo a diladvaniaseous fituaUun oa the banks P R U icfe Ijft arc of a monftrotis c fomc rclenibUncc to beetes, are extremely thick and Arrv.^, thciti to foreigners at a grt^t e of tlic motl rcmnrkable pro- this country r yellow amber, ot along the tcacoalU There i;e lakes, hefi-.ic the rivers Vif- regcl. The inhabitants are of nftitutioa, indullrious, robul't, foidiers. There are a grcv. iviechanics, but their principal hiilbandry, and feuding of cat- ic 13th century all Pruffia bc- the knights of the Teutonic i4i;4, that piirt, linco dciio- ill, Royal, or Weftcrn Prulil.i, t Calimir IV. king of Polami, fterward incorporated into the of the republic. At the fair.o ' it < with Sii;il!nund king «3- ple<. PuLAON-, an ifland of Afia, thf Indian Oceati,.lving to tho W. of the Philippines. Iris very fertile, and fubjift P U L to its rivrn king, vrho is tributary to that of Borneo. Lon. 1x9, tz. £. lat. 9. 30. N. P'-'lo-Canton, an ifland of Afia, in the Indian Ocean, and on the coall of Cochin-China. Lon. 109. 35. £. lat. 15. 10. N. Pulo-Condore, the name of feveral iflands of Afia, ii '.he Indian Ocean, the principal of wh.ch is the only one in- iiabited. It i.. abcut 13 miles in length, and nine in breadth, but in Ibmc places not above a mile over. 'J'he foil of tliefe iliands is blackiih, and prettv deep, but the hills are i'juKwhat ftony. The trees are not very thick, but largo, tall, and fit for any ul'e. The princip.il fruits nre man- goes, a fort of f>^rapcs, and iwftard nutmegs. The animals are hogs, lizards, and guanas, and diere arc birds of various kinds, not known in other parts. The inhibitants are fmall of thntuve, of a dark complexion, with fmall black tycs, thin lips, white teeth, little mouths, and black ftraighc hais. Their chief employment Is to get tar out of very lari^e trees that grow here. They are very free of their women, and will bring them on board the fhips, where thty are kept by the failors whiio they ftay. They are idolaters, and have imsgej of elephants in their temples. Lon. 106. 18. R. lat. S. HI. K. PuLo-DiNDiNG, a fmall idand cf AfiH, in the Indian Ocean, near the pen- iiiluia of Mairfcca. It beicags to the Duch, who have ?. fort here. PuLO-Ti.MOA.v, an ifland of Afia, in the Indian Ocean, on the eaftern coait of the prnmfula of Milacca. Jt is pretty large, is covered v.itti trees, and the val- lies are very pleafant. It is oftpri touched at for. taking in \vuod, w.ttr, and ether refiel];ments, and there is great plenty of tjrejn turtles. Lon. 105. 40. E. lat. 3. .%. N. PuLO-U AY, an ifland of Afia, in the Indian Ocean, near that of Sumatra. It is the largeft of all thjfe ihut form the entrance of the channel of Athe:n; and is pei>pled by men baniihcd from Achem, Lun. Ii;. 39. E. lat. 5. 5c. N. PuLXAi'SK, a town of (Jreat Poland, in the palatinate of Mafovia. i'catcd on the river Nareu, 20 miles N E. of Warfaw. L;;n. 21. 47. E. lat. «o. 30. N*. Pui.roWA, a fortified tov.-n cf Py'ancf, in the Ukraine, famous for a battle fought, in 1709, between the czar Peter the Great and Charles Xll. king of Sweden, wherein the litter was defr;.:tj, ■.vound- ed, and obliged to fly into I'lirkcy. F.ii;ht thoulsnJ nicn were left dead oft tlic i'.eld of bat'le, and the remaining N n s 16,000 1 u P U Y 16.000 oWigcil to fill-render at difcrction. It is ICO miles S. W- < f I'j'Agotvii. Lon. 34. :-. E. b.t. 40. 26. N. PuNA,aniflaiid in the South Sea, about 3-, nulfs in length, and 11 in brc.uUh. It lies at I he cntninre >jf the bay of Guiaquil, II? miles N. of Paita. Lon. 3i- 6- W. lat. 3. 17. S. , . , PuNTA-i'ct.i.A-Gi'OA.thccapitaltown of the ifland of St. Michael, cne of the A/orcs, with a ftrong cattle, and a liar- boiir. Pi K RECK, Ts-i-K, OF, a rough and hcsthv traft of ]:)oiIctiliiri:, to the S. of I'liolc Bny. It is inlulatcd by the fea and rivers, and has been long famous for its ftni'C qiiairics. The principnl of thcfe Jit at its t;,ftern extremity, near Swanwick, whtnrcthe ftune is expiincd. It is of the c.ik-i'.reous kind, but difniiguifiief! into nu- merous forts, the li.K'ft oi which take a poliih, und dtrervc the name of marble. Thc'e are nearly black ; ^'u! fome abound in Ihdls, and are iilcd tor chiinneypieces, }.raveftou.s, hearths, S.c. The arler kinds are ^lade ufc of in paving. Tobac- co-pipe clay is dug up in fevcral parts of this illand; the fincll near Corfe Cal- tJe, of which much is exported, particu- larly f'r the Staffordiliirc potteries. In this illiind, at Corfe Cartie, king Ed- ward, named the Martyr, was ftabbed in ^70, at the infugatlon of his mother-in- law, Alfrith or F.lfrida. PiRH Ysnv'RG, a town of Georgia, in N. America, built and peopled by a colony of Svvifs, carried over at the charge of th«'trul'ccs of Georp'ia. It is feated on the ri\er Savani:ah, and is 30 miles N. W. of the town of Savannah. Lon. 80. 40. W. lat. 3:. 15. N. * Plt Ai.A, a mountain of Great Thi- bet. SteLASsA. * PiTSEY, a village of Surry, feated on the Thames, five miles W. S. W. of London. It was the birth-place of the tint'ortunate Thomas Cromwell, earl of ElTex. whofe father wavincc of Velay ; feated on the mountain Anis, nesr the river Loire, Pnech, or Pi/y, in the ancient Gaulifli, fig- nifies momtain. The principal cliurch is f.imous for 3 prodigious quantity of relics • and " Our Lady of Pity ' is not lefs cele." brated in the annals of fup-rttition. The late canons of Puy have had kings and dauphins of France at their head. On the 15th of May 1412, CfjarlesVlI. then dau- phin, aPiftcd in the fervicc, in the habit of a chorrftcr. This example was perfe6l- ly to the tafte f Lewis XL who knew how to unite the extremes of guilt and fu- perflition: he was eager to imitate it himfelf, and to make his fon follow the fame example. Puy has manufaftorics of lace and filk ftufFs. It is 45 miles N. E. of Mcnde. Pl'Y-Ckrda, a ftrong and confidcr- ablc town of Spain, in Catalonia, and capital of Cerdagna ; feated between the rivers Carol and Segra, in a pleafant plain, at the foot of the Pyrenees, 53 miles W. of Perpignan, and 67 N. M^ of Barce- lona. Lon. I. <;o. E. lat. 41. 36. N. * Pl'y-deDome, a department of France, containing part of the late province of Auvcrgne. This department com- pril'es almoft all Liniagnc, a territory about 1 2 leagues long, by fix broad ; one of the moft pleafant and fertile in France ; in which are feen, under the fame point of view, orchards, meadows, vineyards, ara- ble land, in a word, every kind cf culti- ration imaginable. The borders of this biifin, or circular plain, are mountains, now covered with habitations, herds, and flocks; but once fo many volcanoes, which exhibited to the iiifpeftion of the learned the moft extraordinary phaeno- mcna. Clermont is the capital of this de- partment. Puy-en-Anjou, a town of France, in the department of Maine and Lolrt and late province of Anjou, 10 miles S. \V. of Saumur, and 160 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. I J. W. lat. 47. 6. N. Pcy-Laurf.ns, a town of Kjance, in the department of Tarn and late pro- vince of Languedoc, eight miles S. W. of Cdftrcs, and 23 E. of Touloule. Lon. I. 57. E. lat. 43. 35. N. *f PvzzoLi, a celebrated, but now m- confiderablc town of Italy, fuuated on the bay of Naples. The temple of Ju- piter Serapis in thi» town is accounted a very interefting monumenfof antiquity ; being quite different from the Roman r.nd Greek temples, and built in the manner of the Afiatics; " probably," fays Dr. Moore, " by the Egyptian and Aliatic J ir.ef" P u z anment of Upper Loire and c of Velay ; leated on the Inis, near the river Loirt. tty, in the ancient Giiulifii, fig- •(/«. The principal cliurcli iz prodigicus. quantity ol rchcv ; Ladv of Piiy ' is not lefs ctlc* c annals of lup-rttition. The of Puy have had kings and France ar their head. On the y 1422, Ct)arlesVII. thendau- d in the fervice, in the habit This example was perfef^- aftc f Lewis XL who knew te the extremes of guilt and lu- hc was eager to imitate it d to make his fon follow the iplc. Puy has inanufaftorics d filk ftufFs. It is 45 miles Icnde. KRDA, a ftrong and confidcr- of Spain, in Catalonia, and Cerdagna ; fcated between the )1 and Se;j;ra, in a pleafant plain, t of the Pyrenees, 53 miles W. nan, and 67 N. W. of Barce- n. I. ;o. E. Ijt. 41. 36. N. -DE-DoMT!, a department of jntaining part of the late province rgne. This department com- noft all Liniagne, a territory leagues long, by fix broad ; one ft pleafant and fertile in France ; are feen, under the fame point of hards, meadows, vineyards, ara- in a word, every kind cf culti- naginablc. The borders of this circular plain, are mountains, red with habitations, herds, and but once fo many volcanoes, :hibitcd to the inTpeftion of the the moft extraordinary phaeno- i^lermont is the capital of this dc- en-Anjou, a town of France, lepartmcnt of Maine and Loire province of Anjou, 10 miles S. aumur, and i6o S. W. of Paris. 13. W. lat. 47. 6. N. Lai;rrns, a town of Rrance, ep:'.rtment of Tarn and late pro- Languedoc, eight milss S. W. ;s, and 23 E. of Toulouie. Lon. . lat. 43. 35. N. izoLi, a celebrated, but now in- iblc town of Italy, htuated on of Naples. The temple of Ju- rapis in thi» town is accounted i erefting monumenfof antiquity ; lite different from the Roman ind leiTiples, and built in the manner Afiatics; " probably," fays Dr. " by the Egyptian and Afntic 7 ir.er- P Y R merchants f;tt!cd at V\i7.ir,\\, whicii was the gre;it emporium of Italy, till rile Romans built Oftia and Antium." The ruins of Cicero's villa, near this place, are of fucli extent, as to give a high idea of the wealth of this great orator. Pui.HELY, a large town of Carnar- vonfliire, in N. Wales, feated on the fca- fide, between two r.vcrs. Jt has a good inaikct on Wednefday, for corn and^ pro- vifion'. ; I'.nd is fix miles S. of Newin, and 143 N. \V. of London. Lon. 4. 15. W. lat. 52. S2- N. Pyramids or En vPT.ftruftures for- merly counted one of the Seven Wonders of the \V orld. They art built upon a rock, at the fjit of the high mountains which ac- company the Nile in its courfe, and fcpararc Egv[-ntrom Libya. Various have been the' conjutturcs how and when they were luiilt, vet no two authors agree exattly about them ; however, this is certain, that they are extremely ancient, and that there is no account in any author of credit, when or for what realon they were founded : rnotl imagine they were deligned for tombs, though there is no entrance into two of them. There are many of thefe edifices at a greater difiance in the dtl'ert, of which very little notice is taken by traxcUers. The principal pyramids aie E. S. E. of Gize, a village on the weftern (liore of the Nile. There are four of them that defervc the attention of the curiou- ; for though there are feven or eight lithers in the neighbourhood, they are nothing in comp-.mon of the former : the two l:irgcft pyramids are coo feet in perpendicular height. The plain they ftand on is a con- tinual rock, almoft covered with a moving; fand, in which are great numbers of (hells and petrified oyQers. The moft northern of thcfe s^rciHt pyramids is the only one th ,t js open; and ti^.ofe who enter it, and clam- ber up to a fort of room, find a tomb, or farcophagus, which fliews by its dimen- fions, that men v ere of the fame fize then as now. The external psrt is < hitflv built of great fquare ftones, of an equal fi/.e, but have all the figure of a pnfm, that they may adhere to each other the clofer ; for thcv have neither lime, nor cramps of any metal. This pyramid is three hours journey from Old Cairo, and the entrance into it is on the N. fide. The opening kads fucceffivcly to five different palTages, which, though running upward, down- ward, and horizontally, tend all toward the S. and terminate in two chambers, the one underneath, and the other in the centre of riie pyramid. In the upper chamber i? the fi'.rcophagus juft mentioned : it is of granite, utU if you ftrike upcm it witba 'mfsv^nr- P Y R key, it founds like a bell. The afrenr t» the top of the pyramid on the outtide is by fteps, which are the height of each done, the lowcrmoft of which is four feet lni;h, and three broad, but they were not originally defigiied fortius purpole. Tlie haft at the N. lideofit is 693 feet, and as tile pyramid is exaifly fquare, the other fides muft be of the fame length. If we imagine four equilateral triangles, mutually inclining till ihey all inc^-t in a point at the t( p, wc (hall then have i trur.- n I'ion 'if the liimtu- fioii and rii'.iire of this pyramid ; the pciilViC- ter of each triangle cniiipitlicr.ding io:() feet, and the perimeter of the b.ilis 277s feet. Whence the wholi' area nf the bale contains .1X0,0.10 fquare feet, or 11 acres and foincuh;.t more. However, the tivj does not end in a point, biit in a liitl- flat, or fijuare, where loiv.e ima.;iuc tht E.,vp- tian priel^i ma.lc the'r allronoHiical ob- fcrvations. Pvitl-.NEAN Mot' .-TAINS, oiPyiiE- NKKS, m aint:!i!is which divide Franco from Spain, and an- the muft relebrarcd in Europe, cxept ihe Alp;. They reach from the iVFcd;tcrrar.e 1:1 as far as the ocean, and are ahoiit 212 niiies in length. They have different names, accnr'lii.g to the different placts in which tl , v Hand. The pa.Tages over iiien^ are not ib difTi- cult as thofe of the \ ins. ■■' Pi'KKNKKs, i^.^sTKRN, a depart- ment of France, containin;: ' ' ijte pro- vince of Roiifiiion. Altii'iu/..! rrcat part of this deparrment is mounuir, las, it is ffttile; producing corn, excell ;-i wines, olives, oranges, ait' leather of a fupcrior quahtv. Peipignan is t!;t cpilcipal town. '• PYRF.Nhi;s, LowKu, a department of France, containing the laic provinces of Bafques and Beam. Pau is the capital. See Navarrk. ■■■ Pykkneks, Ui'pkk, ;i d'jpartmenc of France, containinr the lit-.- province of Bigotrc. It produces excellent horfps and good partridges. Its valiie-, arc very fertile ; furniihing rye, millet, Spanilh corn, and flax. The m.ninti.ins hav e mines of lead, iron, an'l copper, and qtiarrics of flate, fine marble, and jil'per. Tarbes is the capital. PvRMOVT, a town of Gerrhany, in the circle of Weftph dia. Hjrc is a caf- tlc kept by a governor under tlie counts of Waldeck ; and a little diftince from it arc mineral waters, well kn:)wn to all Europe. They are often fnquented by perfbnsof the higheft rank. It is 40 miles S. W. of Hanover. Lon. 9. 20. E. lat. 52. O.N. Pyrna, a tivvn of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony. It has a caftle, N n J ^ upon CLU A dV E 4. upcn a mountain called Sonnenftein, which and fopes of them. Canton is the ca, has been Icmetlnfies made ufe of as a prifon pital of ftate. Near it is a very fine quarry of (lone, which is tranfportcd to different places by the river Elbe, on which it is leated, id miles S. E. of Ijrefden. Lon. ,3. 56. E. lat. 51. 6. N. ^ , Pyseck, a town of Bohemia, m the circle of Prachin, tested on the rivvr Attn- Mvav, near the Muldaw. I' is to mil« s. ' of Prague. Lon. 14. 4*- £• '"• 49- '^^ '^• QcARTEN, a town of Svvifferland, near the laice Wallenftadt, five .nilei E. of Olarus. 'O^'t BKC, a hrpe and handfome city of Amcrca, capital of Lowtr CsnHria. It is fuiiated at ilte otiflufiTi; of the rivers St. Lawrence and St Chirlcs. It is bu\lr on a ri;!ck, and is dividid into the upper and li)\\cr tr wn. The houfe!. in each are of flone, ar,d the foiiri cations ftrong, though not rcL;ul.ir. The ijn. vernor refides in a citadel, ••. hich cr.vcri the town, and it both rtmilar and hiiid- fome. The river, wliicli, from the fei hither, is ab'^ut four or live leagues broad, narrows all of a fudden to the breadth of a mile. The harbour is lafe and cotn- modi'His, and abcu' rive fathoms deep. It is flanked bv ; •• bafti )ns, that are raifed 25 fttt ft m 'he (ground, which is about the height of the tides at the time of the cqiiipox. This city was erefted by the French in i6o;. Sir David Kirk, •f.i) no : aaar: .'I. - ^V!, -juoil ^d ...1 OUADIN, a town in T'ppef Ef:vpt, feiitcd on the NHc, between Kliic anil Daiidc. It is rcmnikible f )r a great number of valuable and ancient monu- ments. QuAKENBRUGGE,orQ.L-AKENBt'RG, a town of Germanv, in the circle of Wtft- phalia and bilhopric of Ofnaburgh. It is featcd on the river Hale, tr miles W. of Ofnaburgh. Lon. 8. :o. E. lat. ji. QyA>'G-ST,aprovinceof China, bound- with the Englifii under bis command, re- ed mi fhc N. by KoeTchcau and Hu- duccd it, with all Canada, in 1626; but it Qiiang ; on the E. by Yunan and Quan- wai veftored in ifijj. In 1711, the Eng- ton ; on the S. by the ianie and Ton- lilli fitted out a fleet, witn a dcfign fo con- cuin ; and on the W. by Yun-nan. It mi'.r Canada; but the cxpedhion failed produces plenty of rice, being watered by through the raftincfs of the admiral, who, levera! la.ge rivers. The fouthern part contrary to the advice of his pilot, failed is a flat country, and well cultivated ; but too near the Seven Ifles. and thus loft his the northern is full of mountains covered largeft fliips with ^o fail-,rs. Quebec with trees. It contains mines of all forts ; continued in the uoirelH-n of the French and narticulariy a gc'd mine. They have till 1759, when it furrendere-d to the Bri- a particinar tree, of wljofe pith they make tilh, and was confirmed to them by the bread ; and there arc little infedls which peace of 176?. It is about 312 .miles produce white wax. Among other ani- from the Atlantic Ocean, and :c)oN.W. mals there arc porcupines and rhinocerofes. of Bofton. Lon. 69. 48. W. lat. 46. The capital is Quic-ling. 55- N. , ,. , r,r . , Qliano-Tong, a province of China, QuEDA,'a kingdom of Alia, m the pcn- bouuded on the E. by Kiang-Si, and Fo- infula oh Malacca. This king is tribura- kien ; on the S. by the ocean j and on ry to Siam. The printiphl town is^jf the the W. by Tonquin. It is diverflficd by /vallies and mountrins, and yields two crops of corn in a year. It abounds in gold, jewels, filk, pearls, tin, quickfilver, fugar, brafs, iron, fteel, laltpcirc, ebony, end fevcral forts of oilorifcrous wood fame name, and is lubjeft to the Dutch. It has a harbour, and is 300 miles N. of the city of Malacca. Lon. loo. 5. E. lat. 7. 5. ^'• Que n l 1 n g ru r «, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxonv, with a fa- bcGtle fruits of all kinds. They hure le- mous abbey, whole abbcfs is a princcfs of mons of the f,ze of a man's head ; and the empire. The inhabitants of the town another fort which grows out at the trunk fubfill by brewing, hulbandrv, and fced- of the tree, whole rind is very hard, and ing of cattle. It is 10 miles S. E. of contains a great number of l-,Ltlp cells full Halborftadt. Lon. 11. 34. E. lat. 52. of an excellent yellow pulp. They have i; N. 3 prodi'.;lous number of ducks, whofe eggs QuEF,NBf)ROU€H, a borough of Rent, they hatch in ovens ; and a tree, whole in the ifle of Shcjiey, whofe markets are wood is remarkably hard and heavy, and on Monday and Thurfday. It is an an. thence called iron wood. The mountains cicpt place, has a townhall, and had once are covered vvith a fort of oficrs which a ftrong caftl'e, the remains of which are creep alpiig the ground, and are fo tough ftill ro be feen. The chief employment of that ^hey make balkets, hurdles, mats, the irdiiibitants is oyfter-dredging, oyftcrs being CLU E them. Canton is the ca« '.y, a town of SwilTerland, |ike Wallenftadt, five .nile^ E. a Urge and handfome city I, capital of Lovvti- C^nnHa, It at ilic onfluttTi; of the rivers tnce and St Chirlcs. It is rock, and is riiviikd into the lo"cr trrt-n. The Ivmfc, jn )f flone, ar,d the foririrations lough^ not rc-ul.ir. The ijo. lides in a ciiaHtl. ■•.filch cr.vcri [and is both rtj^ular and hniid- he river, which, tVom the fei ib"ut four or five leagues broad, II of a fudden to the breadth of The harbour i» lafe and com- and abcu' rive fathoms deep. >ked hv AO bafti)ns, that are fttt ft m 'he (ground, which is height of the tides at the time of ox. This city was erefted by ch m i6o;. Sir David Kirk, Enghfli under his connmand, re- with all Canada, in 1626 ; but it kcdin.fiji. Ill i7M,thc Eng. out a fleer, witn a dcfign to con- lada ; but the expedition failed he rafhncfs of the admiral, who, to the advice of his pilot, failed the Seven IHcs. and thus loft his :ips "i'h .10 o (■ail'-,rs. Quebec d in tlie uoirein.'n of the French , when it fiirrendcred to the Bri- : was confirmed to them by the • 76 J. It is about 312 miles : Atlantic Ocean, and :,,o N. W. in. Lon. 6y. 48. W. lat. 46. lA.'a kingdom of Afia, in the pen- Malacca. This king is tnbuta- m. The printipul town is of the TIC, and is fubjcdt to the Dutch, harhntir, and is 300 milts N. of of Malacca. Lon. too. c. E N. LiNcpuRG, a town of Germany, ■cie of Upper Ssxonv, with a fa- u-y, whott abnefs is a princefs of re. The inhabitants of the to«n f brewing, hiifbandrv, and feed- rattle. It is 10 iPiles S. E. of idt. Lon. II. 34. E. lat. 52. NBOROU6H, a borough of Rent, le of Shcjicy, whofe markets arc lay and Thuri'day. Ir is an an. ce, has a townhall, and had once caftlie, the remains of which are icen. Thechief employment of )itants is oyfter-dredging, oyftcrs being QJJ E being here in great plenty, anJ of a nne flavour. Jt is 15 miles N. W. of Canter- liury, and 4; E. of London. Lon. o. 4!i. K. Irtt. 51. i(>. N. '* QLt I .S ChaRI.OTTF's IbhANC, no iilind in the S. F<.ciiic Ocean, dilcuvcr- cd by captain WaUis in 1767. It is about fix miles long and one wide. Lun. 138. 4. \V. lat. 19. iH. S. QuKEN Ciiari.otte's Sound, a fuunH at the N. extremity uf the fouthern illand of New Ziaiaiul, near Cook's. Strait, U'ing in 41. 6. of t>. lat. and 174. 19. of E. lon. The climiite here U niucb more mild tlian at Uufky Bay ; and t'.iAigh there is not fucti plenty of wiidfuwl and tiUi, tliat defeft is amply cotr.ptr.fatcd by a greater variety and abundance of excel- lent vt^'ctabies. Muit of the hiils about the fnund confut uf an argillaceous ftone of a greenihi grey, or bluiih or yellowifh brokvn colour. A green talkuus or ne- phritic, which thejeweiltrs calljaddc, is Jikevvile lery comm'.n, together with horn- ttone, lliiuglc, feveral i'uris of llinty Hones and pebbles, fome loofe pieces of b:i(altes, hra'.a of a compadit mica or glimmer, with partic'ci of quartz Mr. Forlter therefore thinks there is ,>;rcat reafon to fuppofc, that this part of New Zealand contains iion ore, and perhaps feveral other metal- lie bodies. The country here is n( yards in length, aijd 1200 111 breadth. AV of '»nien.'a. with a bilhop-s Itc. There are tevcral re- OriMPEKr a tf'.vn of France, in the W^mi communities, and two colleges, .IrnTrun.nt of Finiacn. an;! larf; province which are a fort of univtrfity. All kindi Ac pro nC'lireta-ne : feated at tlic cnnflue.-ce of of meur-handifc and commodities are ex- ' ' '-- ctedin/7 dear, principally on account ot the dilTiculty of biinging them hither. Lon. 77. ^o. W. lat. o. 13. S. Quito, an audience of Peru, in S. A- merica, lying between two chains of the high mountains called the Andes. The lands are generally wtU cultivated, and there are a great number of towns and village'! inhabited by the Spaniards or na- tive Americans. Every village is adorned with s large fqiiare, and the church (lands on one fidl- of it. The ftrects arc gene- rally ftraight, and refptft the Icur quar- ter, of the world ; and, indeed, all the roads are laid out in a line, rroiiir.g each other, infuiTiutli that the al'pcdt of the c-untry has the appeal ai;cc of a Urge gar- den. It inii;ht be inupntd that this is a very hot country ; but it iii-s fo high, an(' lb near the nnuntains covered with fn. -.>*', that the air is very tcnipcraie. There are no noxious aniupals ; tor the tigers and fer- pents are below in the iorefts. They rviight have plenty '>f vvine here, if Lima had n"i an exclulivL p.ivilcgc of making it. They have no vicunas ur guanacoes here, but they have an a.Vunal of the lame kind, called by tlic natives lamas, which is like a Lor 1 <« K lat. a:. 35. N. Imall camel, and can carry ^o pound-. Oi'RiMB\,the nan.eof Icveralidands weight. They hi- ve all forts of materials r.f Africa, on the coalV of Zangueliar. proper for dying, and Icv.ral lorts of fruits They .ire all fertile in fruits and paftures. and plants which have been hrou-ht from Q^'i'^^MA, a marlLime province of Spain, befide thofe that iinturallv grow Afnca, in the kingdom of Anfrola, lying here. They have alio Impoitcd btcves ?nd ak,ng the rivtr Coar.za. It is a mountain- iheep. In the N. parts they get a great ous "cDuntry, and very httle cuhivated, deal of gold. , r a • • but tl-.c Poituy;'.icfe get abundance of fait _ Qvrxos, a province of^ ^^_"'k'''",' '" there. QijrXFOA, a lirge town of Africa, in tht-liii-icdorn of Morocco, and province of Drafs, wiin a caltle. Lon. e,. o. W. lat, «S.6.N. Q^'isTKLi-fi, a town of Italy, in the ouc'.tv of Ma'itua; feated on the river S-.c- tia, three u.iles from 'he place where it fails in-- the Po. It is famous for an K.^lion between the pi-ench and Imperial the Oder and the Pcnaudet. Lar^e barks may come up to this town at high water. It is a biOK'p's fee, and is 30 miies S. E. of nrelh Lon. 4. 2. W. lat. 47._ 58. N. Qi'iMPEn I.A V, a town of France, in the Otpcittinent ol Finilleire and late prn- \ince of Lreta^ne ; f..,ued on the river Uuxxv, fcvcn mllei fn.m the fea, and lo frotn Qiiimper. Lon. 3. 33. E. lat. 47. QeiNGEV, a town of France, in the dcpjrtment oi Doubs and late province of Vr'.nche C'>!f>if. Iea;ed on the river Loiive, whif'.i falls into the Doubs. It is 11 miles E. VV. of Belan(..)n. Lon. 6. 5. E. lut. 47. 5- N4 ' CK'iKTry, a tov.'n of France, in me 1op<>rimcnr of the Notth Cwaft and lata rovince of P.refigne, with a iiandfonic faftle. It is fca.rti in a valley, near the jiver Gov, and a larpe forcft of the fame name, eu'h* niiics S.ot S;. Brieux, and ;co W. of Paris. Lon. 2. 40. W. lat. 48. i6.N. . Q^L'IRiEU, a town of Frnnre, in the de- partmcni of Kiione loul f.oire and late pro- vince of Lyon'i;, IcateJ on an eminence, near the river Rh. nc, i '. rniles from Lyons. Pcri^ wL.lch makes part of the audience of Oiiiio. "qui7ina, a chain cf mountains m Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, .and pro- vince of Gret. It IS aiiove too miles in length, and reaches from the deiert of Gret to the river Nocor. QrojA, a kingdom of Africa, on the coall of Guinea, vvhich reaches from Sie_rr.\ Leone to ilie Grain Coatl, and contains, iiVs'in i'7 34rwh7n marlhal Broglio was befiat Qurja Proper, the kingdoms ot iurprifed in his bed. It is 13 miles S. Bolm, Giln, Quiligia, and Carredabu CLU o — aa. Lon. ii. i. E. lat. 45. town of S. America, in Peru, Ipkal'ant valley, between two 'high iiiQuntains, called the An- higher ground than the red ii habitable, heinof above 300 tiian the level of the fea, ac- jery exatt obftrvations. It is In length, and 1200 in breadth, |)p"s Ite. There are fevcral re- linunitics, and two colleges, I lort of univcrfitv. All kinds Idill- and coinmoditics are ex- [ear, principally on account of tv of biinging them hither. W. lat. or 13. S. an audience of I'tru, in S. A- g between two chains of the tains called the Andes. The generally well cultivated, and UTcat number of towns and anitcd by the Spaniiirdt or na- cans. Every village is adorned c fqiiare, and the church ftands of It. The ftrects arc gene- it, and refptft the lour quar- world ; anil, indeed, all the laid out in a line, Toliirig each iiukIi tlut the afpcdt of the ■. the a[ineaiai:cc of a l.irge gar- ht be inuj;ini.d thit this is a very y ; but it lies I'o hich, anc' lb neair tains covered with fn.-,.v, that crv tcnipcraie. There are no lispals ; t(.r the ti^^ers and fer- bclow in the iorefts. They e plcnt\ 'if wine here, if Lima exdiilivi. p.ivilijge of niaking it, e no vicunas or guanacoes here, ;avi2 an a.iimal of the fame kind, he natives lamas, which is like a el, and can carry e,o pound-. They h^ve all forts of materials dying, and Ccvi ral forts of fruits which have been broii^'ht from fide thofc that nnturallv grow y have alio imported btcvts ?nd 1 the N. parts they get a great d. s, a province of S. America, in ch makes part of the audience of I A, a chain cf rriount-.ins in the kingdom of Fez, ar.d pro- jret. It lb ribove too inilcs in id reaches froip the deiert of e river Nocor. , a kingdom of Africa, on the iiinea, «hich reaches from Sierra i!ie Grain Coafl, and contain"-, ■■■ji Proper, the kingdoms of a, Qiiiligia, and Carredabu. • ^ - RAAB, RAD R. RAG ifRir; ~1 RAAB, a town of Lowrr Hungary, capital of Javerin, with a caftle, 2".d a biflinp's fee. It is a ftrong frontier bulwark againft the Turk^, and has two bridges, one over a double ditch, and an- other that lead« toward Alba Regalis. It was taken by Amurath III. with the lofs i.f io,ooo men ; but was furnriled foon after by count Palli, who killed all the Turks that were found therein. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Rah and Rabnit, nut far from the Danube, n; miles S. E. of Vienna. Lon. 17. 15. E. lat. 47. 48. N. RAn.iSTFF.NS, an ancient town of France, in the department of Tarn and late province of Languedoc, with an old decayed caftle. It is ieated on the river Tarn, 18 miles from Alby. Lon. i. 52, E. lat. 43. 46. N. R A B A T, a hrgc and handfome feaporr of Africa, in Trcmelcn, with a good catllc. It has tine mofques and handfome palares, and is feated at the mouth of the Burrigiig, bctwcn Fez and Tangier. Lon. 5. 2S. VV. lat. 34. 40. N. * P. CHORE, or Atovi-RACnnRK, a city of the perinfula of Hindofiftan, ca- pital of a diftri6t of the fame n,;me, fub- jeft to the ni/.ain of the Deccan. It is feated on the 5. bank of the Kidna, nfar its confluence with the Tungebadra, 315 miles N. by E. of Seringapataiii, Rackersburg, a ftrong and ancient town of Germany, in the circle of Autlria and duchy of btiria, with a caftle feated on a mountain. The Turks ^vcre beattu here in 1418. It is feated on an idaiui, formed by the river Muehr, z; miles S. E. of Gratz, and too S. of Vienna. Lon. i 5. 58. E. lat. 46. 54. N. Raci.ia, a fmall uninhabited ifland of the Archipelago, near that of Nio. Racont, a populous town of Pied- mont ; feated in a plcafant p! lin, on the rivers Grana and Macra. It belongs to the prin-e of Carignan, who has a hand- fome caftle here. It is fix miles from Ca- rignan. Lon. 7. 46. E. lat. 44. .■jg. N. Radicofani, a town of Italy, in Tufcany, feated on a mountain, and de- fended by a good citadel on an adjacent hill, 56 miles S. E. of Sienna. Lon. 11. 40. E. lat. 42. 42, N. Rao.massuorf, a town of Germany, in Cariiiola, near the river Save. Radnor, New, a borough of Rad- norlhiic.in S. Wales, with a m.rket on Thitrfday. it was formerly the county town ; but the alFr/es are now held at Prefttign. It is feared near the fotirco of the river Somergil, in a plcaiant valli.y at the foot of a hill, where a callle for- merly Ibioil. It is a corporatiiin, ha> large piivileg«s, and fends one member to par- liament. It ii 24 m;L-, .N. W.of Hereford, a.^d i5() VV. N. VV. of Lond m. Lon. ». 4^. VV'. lu. e,i. 10. N. RAl)^■ol'.iHIKE, a county of S. Wales, 30 miles In Icnj^th. and 2.^ in brtaJth ; bounded on the E. bv Sliroplhirc antl Hcrefcirdlhire ; on the N. W. by Cardi- ganlhirt ; on the S. and S. W. by Brcck- nocklhire ; and on 'lie N. by Montgomc- rylliire. Its principal rivers are the Wye anil the Tend, the fi riiier diviiling it from Brecknockihire, andtlie latter fiomShrop- Ihire. It contains cz paiilU'.i, four mar- ket towns, ind f.ntls two members lu par- liament. The E. and S. parts < f thif county are toler:ibly level, mkI produttivo cf corn. The ntlur parts are rude and mountain'His ; devnied ehietly to tue rear- ing of cattle and (heep. Hie N. VV. part .s an ablolurc defer:, almo;l impalTablc. This un'; the retreat of the Hii'Uh king Voriigern, after he had f> It the fatal ef- fects of hi^i imprudence in inviting the Saxons to his aUi'.Uiacc. PrelUign is the county-town. Rahom, a to^vn of Little Pdand, in the (vaiati'.v.te of Sandoir.ir, :.nd capital of a county of tlie fame name ; Icatt d on a brook that faKs into the V'iihila. 30 milt* N. of Saiidomir, and 50 S. of Warfaw. Lon. 21. I. E. Iir. 51. 25. N. Raiista\ , .: town (if Germany, in th« archbilhopric (.f Salizburg, feated on the ri\er Fli-s. , Racivoi.o, a town of Ita'\-, in the duchy of Mantua, feated between the ci- ties of Mantua and Rcggi'i, 41 miles from each. Ragusa, an ancient town of Sicily, !■ the Val-ili-NMo, near the river Maulo, 12 uiiks N. !>f Modica. L;in. 14. 59' E. lat. 37. o. N. Ragusa, a city of Dahnaria, capital of the Raoiifcn. It is about iwo miles in rircumference, is pretty well built, and Uronii, by fituation, having an inaccedible mountain on the land fide, and on the fide cf the fea a itrong fort. It ha-; an arch- bidiop's fee, is a republic, and has a doge like that of Venice, but he continues a month only in his ofuee. It carries on a confidcrabic trade with the Turks, and is 69 miles N W. of Scutari. Lon. 18. 10. E. lat. 41. S"-^' . - „ E.AGVSKN, . territory of Europe, in Dalmatii, King along the coaft of the fulf of VciiUt, ikbuut' 55 milts m lengthf and TTXTT n AM to in breadth. It n a republic, under few villages in it, and a pV.KcdVion f)f tbc Turks and Vtncti- 70- 45- '"•• -^t. -i- ^y N- K^iinfa n t'le canitRJ. RAMiifeKr- iK-Jouc;, temple. Lon. Mcf *w.''R.lMV(h"V't',e"c^puRl. "■ ' "" ^ RAM..fcKT. ..K.Jouc;, St. a town oi RAjArcuR, a town <,i the pcninfuU of I'r,u.ce, in iht JcpHrtment of Am an.l late Hindocftan, on thf coaft of Malabar, (cat- ed .m a iWer of the fainc name, 50 miUi N. of Goa. Rajemai., 3 town of Tlindonftan Pro- per, in Bengal. It .v^.. furii.trly a place of great trade •» '"i* '* "" '' '" •* ruinous flatc. It is Icarctl on the W. bink of the Ganges, 190 niilts N, by W. of Cal- cuifa. Rain, a tiwn of Germany, in U^iper Bavaria, featcd on the river Ach;i, near the l.ich.five miles E.nf Dcinawtn. Lon. ji. It. E. lar. 4S, CO. N. Rain, a town ot Germany, in Lower Stiria, icatcd o.\ the river Save, with a handfvWccaftlo. im the confinLS of Carnio- la. Lon. 15. 10. v., Lt. .}6. u. N. ♦ R.MNHAV. a tillage of ElTux, one mile from th*: Thwics, where there is a ferry to Erith m Ki:nt. TIk: marihes in this neii^lilx)iir;i"oa aic unronimoniy fine, and tovc-red witli iirr.di^MdU'. numbers of Cdtfle. It ii I, ir.iic;. E. of London. " Rmny, or Lose; Lake, a lake of N. Amiiica, which lies to the E. of the Lake of the Wond'^. ft u nti'rly 100 ni.Iti 1( nj;, but in no part more tnun iO niilTH wide. Rakka, a rnwn of Turkey in AHa, in Diaibech, fei-.tcd on ttic river Euphiatts, and tli< jeridcnct of a he ilerhei; •, but the cai'tle is goinf? to decay. This i.t,. T^l- Rameoi'iLI r r. x tuwn v-f !>' nuc, i;i the deparm.ent it '"■'■'^ii a'M CA. late unfortunate Lewis XVJ. made cu.,(ider3blc adJiti.. .-,4. E. ,j.«. /,s; «v ;^. .1 rv. v ttiwn uf t'i'iprf, ill !lt (if .'ui'iii :»l'-! (".li,; .ttij II'' :iic Illc ■ * ! ;-u"- . , ,re- a palace, in «'.i.-h l''i,.;ii- , f . .;. TIk lato unfnruinatc m;i(!(- cui.fiderable additioni iidiTcd it a in.t^n.ncent rcyiil It was dcmolil.'.td in 171,3, the National Convention, and : and ir.atctials were publickly .N's, a fortrefs of tlie United n Zealand, wli '>h was one of to the hands of the Eng!in>' by :(s a fcciirity f;)r a loan in tlic en Kl;l'.:heth, It is ftated on II f)f tlic lile of VValcheren, nilts S. of Middleburg. Lon. t. 51. 29. N. V, a town ii\ Frinct, in the dc- f Aiihe and Utc province of :, fea'cd on thv :ivfr Auhc, iS . of Troycs. Lon. 4. 30. E. N. , IKS, a town of Auflri'n Bra- ■kable for the great vi(flory ob- lie duke of Marlborough, over I, on W'hitl'unday 1706. It is J. of Namur, and 24 S. E. of Lon. 4. ^o. E. lit. 50. 39. N. I. BKRc, a tov.'n of Germany, axnny. TiuMc is a iiinimtam nanif, in wiiich tlitrc is a rich reen Brimfwick, Goflar, and en, a town of Turkey in Eu- Morca. Lon. 10. 17..E. lat. ■RY, a fmill town in Wilt- known in T.ondon for its fine i .-/j miles E. rtf Br.ftbl, and &n Ion. -, a town of Huntingdonftiire, ket on Siiurday. It is fcatcd ■^j aiTioiig rich j;round, proper :\A pnCturc, and near tl.c mci-rs and Vv'l.itlcfi.v, whieli alforcl ill. Ir was foirmerly famous :v, wliich broiij;ht fuch great c inhabi:ants, that it was tailed ilainfey -^"- RAN ' RjiT^fcy the Rich. It i» 11 miles N. E. of lluntmgdon, and 69 N. ■( London. Lon. 0.19. VV. Ut. 5*. iO.N. Ramsky, an illind of S. Wales, on the coart of I'cmbrokclhire, about t«o miles in Ungth, and a mile and a halt broad. Near it are Icvtr.il finall oiicti, kno^vn by the name of the Bilhop and Ins Citik>. It is tour miles W. ot St. Divid'b, and 17 N. W. of Milford Haven. Lon. 5. »o. \V. lat. s'- S5. N. Ra.msCate, a fcaport < f Kent, in the llle of Tlianct, where two vtry tine ftonc piers have i)e«n built, for the fccurity of ihips that come into the hariwur, it being leatfd near tlic Downs, between tl.e N. and S. Foreland.. The'.e pars have cort imimnre fums j and aiti,()Uj;h the harbour which ihey form is Uil' i inditfereni one, on account of the accuniulation of mud, it has been unqueftionably the means of lav- ing a griat number of Ihipv, th..t have been driven ii- here by ftrels of weatlier, when they C'u'd make no other port. R=inl- gat( has I'ome trade to the Baltic, and is Freiiuenttd as a Irathing-place. It it 10 miles N. E. of Canterbury ; and it being four milei !>. of Margate,a Ifagc-coach goes between ti at town and tins, tor the acei :n- tnodation ot palTengers that come and re- turn by the IVlargate hoys. Lon. i. 30. E. lat. 51. zt. N. Ranai, one of the Sandwich Illands, in the N. Pacitic Ocean, difcovered by capt. Cook, lying S. W.of the paffage be- tween Mowee and Morotoi, about three leagues jkom each. Tiie country to the fouth is high and craggy ; but the other parts have a better afpeft, and are well in- habited. It produces very few plantains and bread-fruit trees, but abounds in yams, fweet potatoes, and taro. Ranchiera, a fcaport of S. America, in Terra Firm.i, and in the province of New Granada. There was formerly a pearl tilliery iicre, and the Spaniards de- flroyed a great number of the natives, by forcing them to dive for the pearls beyond their ftrcngth. It is feated on the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 72. o. E. lat. 11. 34- N. Ranuersov, or Randfus, an an- cient town of Deiiiiiark, in N. Jutland, (Vated near tlie n cuth of the river Gudc, pn the Baltic. Near it is a pientiful fal- mon fi/htry. Lon. 10. 35. E. lat. 56. io N. T^AStJNiT?., a town of EaRern Pruf- fia, 1 n the confines ot Samogitia, feated on the nver Kienun, 5; miles E. of Kunigf- burt;. Lon. ii. 4c. E. lat. 55. 6. N. * ip.ANNot'n, LuCH, a lake in the N. pan of rtrtbfhife, in Scctiand. I: c.x- J< A H tends 1 1 miles from R. to W. receive* the w.urrs of the great laicc, c;illtd Locti Liiehi, truin the A. and ci muiiiiiicate* with Loch Tuinil on iJic K. rtiid l.ueli Lidocti on the W, li- S. fide is rtdonied with an .tncient toiclt ut uirch and pine. * RANTAMPot'H, a fortrefi, of Hiii dooftaii Pr /per, in ilic E. mi mcr of A . meie. It is very cclibraieil !n the Indian hilVt 'rum ilic river R:ilr.<, wli.ili falU into tiic Miiravc. Ttic principal town it Belj^radf. k A^Kt^OKfi, a feaprirt cf Sweden, ca- pital ot a cnntnn in Kinl.iiul, ind in ilie tcr- ritiiry of N)lind. It is ftrifrd on rhu gulf of Finind, 57 miles S. E. cf Abo.Lon. ij. i8. K.hr. 60. 16. N. 'KAs^N, A town of Lincoln(}i!re, with tiiiiil'tt on Tnelfhy. It is c'iniir.only calKd Murket Ralen, and '» Itatcd nn 1 branch of ttie river Ar.kain, 14 ir.iles N. E. of Linciiln, iiuu' ito N. of London. Loti. o. 10. W. 1 it. 5 (. : 7. N. Rasoi'ai.mo, a cape of Sicilv, lying an tl,(: Ncnnft, near a town (f tlic faine naiix , to tlic W. of Cape Faro, and lo the N. of MeUina. Rastai'I', a town of Gernriiny, in the cirtli' of B-ivirit ani! .•irchhijiopri ; if Salt/liiit^. It i> l"e:ut(l on tlic livei F.ir, 48 tniies F,. of S.iitibuig. Lw'n. 14. 10. E. Jat. 47- 31. N. RastaI'T, a to'vn of Gcrmi'.ny. in 'He Circle of Suahiii and niHrmiifare oi i>iii(.n, \vi;h a Inndfornt calilc. It ii. reiriarkablc for a trtaty concUiJi.'i! Iutc between the Prtncli and Iniperi;i. nance. Fioni the lake of R.«/eburgh ifl'ues tl.c river Waknit/, which joins theTravi near Luiiee, and thus facilitates the communication In- water be- tween LuIjcc and thcle parts. Rat/ebiirj;h is noted for its excellent beer ; it has a bi- Ihop's li.e aiid a cafllrf; and is i» milci S. E. of Lubec, and ij. N. of Laweuburg. Lon. to. 49. E. lat. 153. 4j. N. KATZtA, the eaficrn divifion of Scla- voiiia, fubjefl to the hnu.c of Auftria. hi inhabitants arc called Raleians. Rava, a town of Great Poland, capir?! of a palatinate tjf the lame name, with n fortilied raftle, where they keep (late pri- (ontrs. The houl'es are built of wood, and the town is feated in a morals covered wiih water, which proceeds from the river Rava. by which it is Currounded, it is c.^ miles S. VV. of V\'arfavv. Lon. 19. 5!;. E. lat. ^i. 51. N. Raik:oi.'x, a village of Gcrmanv, in 1 and bifliopric of les N. of Liege, and II S. of Maeftrieht. Lon. 5. 41. E. lat. 50. 40. N. RAVF.i.i.r-, a feapnrt of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples. There aremagiufieent palaces, and f.n'; hqufts, and it hasabifhop's lee. It is 10 miLsW. of Salerno, and 25 S. E. of Naples. Lon, 14. 41. E. lat. 4^. 36. N. Raven- the circle of VVcftphalia and bifliopric of Liege, h is three miles N. of Liege > i.,t iilW|l !Wlii » . i «— J - 35 R A V "^^ le empire. It ii fullof gen'rv^, re v«ry handfonie ftruftmc , t\x rmmafteries. The town- iaj;njficcnt, nnrt in iti HaII, rli*- [t* of fhe f ipire ineer. fr j, he river Usnubc, over which w cl(;e of 15 arches. The inh». Igtnural, ,ire Proteftants, a^ .1" bies muft he. It is <;■ mi!,, iircmbiirji;, (,i N. of Munuh, '. of Vi'iina. Lon. m. r. l ' N. KL, H (Irong town of Gei- uabia, nc;ir the W. end of thr nftance. ft is ("eatcd mi th:ir |alltd HoilenCcc, and bclon./i fn if Auftria. It is iz uiiles VV. ol Conft.ince, "AN'. See Rl'ATTA>J. Bunnn, a (mall forrihed town y, in the circle or Lu'vcr Sax- duchy of Lavvenht;rg. It i III idiiid, ill the fnidll of a lakr "Mt 10 miles in circttinftrcnti . init< of wnich ire uln'ipr, an,; iHtlicrtd wifh uocd. The tow,, itly to the diiciiv of Meck- irtiit/, and pirfly' tn that ci vcnbiirir. The 'buildings are and alr.iort every hoiife is fhad- trec, which tonus a lingular and 'P'Kuancf. I'loni the lake of ;li ifliics tl:c rivrr VVaknii/, s thtTravc near Lu'>ec, and thus khc cunmiunication 1a- water h'. - bee and thclep;irts. R;it/ebiirj;h )r its exrelii nt beer ; it his n bi- ni.d a caflit?; and is 12 milci, S. ec, and 12. N. of Lawcuburg. >9. K. laf. S5.43. N. A, the eaficrn divifion of Scla- jcrt lo the h'lii.e of Auftria. In s arc called Ralcians. a town of Great Poland, capiral inate of the (ame narrie, wirli n iftle, where they keep Hate pri- Fhc houics arc' built of wood, .vn is featcd in a inorafs cnvercd , which proceeds from the river which it is I'urroundcd, It is I. W. of Warfaw. Lon, 10. 5I.5I.N. ux, a village of German v, in of VVcftphilia and biflnmric of Js three miles N. of Liege, if IVlaeftricht. Lon. c. 41. £. N. i.r,, a fcqport of Italy, in the 'Naples. There arema<;,',ifirent fin,- honfcs, and it hasa biihop a I miksW.of Salerno, and 25 S. cs. Lnn. 14. 4,. E. lat. 4:1. Raven. Ray RA^CtiniAiiii, a well-biitlt town in Cumberland, with a market (>n S.itiirdiv. It is IcaceJ tietvveenthe rivers Irt and }■ which, with the lea, cncoinpal's thi'to partK of it ; and it has a vood road fur fhip- ping, wliich brings it alitilc trade. It is 24 miles S. of ('ockvriTioiith, ar.d 2^4 N. N. W. of London. Lon. j. 30. W. lat. 54. 10. N. Ravi NNA, an ancient at^d celel)r,ited town of It.dy, the capital of I\,'ii)agtia, ill the terriiory of the C'hiircli, with an drchbilhop's let, two riradciniii, fcveral colleges, u great number of religious houl'es, and 1 ruinous cititdel. It had a very ll nirilhing trade, but liis greatly I'uf-' ftred fiiice the Tea hts withdr-iwn two miles from it. It is moft remarkable now fur the excellent wine produced in its neighbourhood. Theodoric kini; of the Goths relidid here, and afterward the exarchs of ih-; Cireek emperors. In the lixth ceniuiy, v, hen there were three popes at the fame time, one lived at Ra- venna. The maufoleiiin of Theodoric is ftill to be ften, and is remarkable for btinj; covered by a rint;lc llonc, li feet in dia- meter, and n thick. This place is Hated near the rivtr M mtone, n miles S. E.of Fcrrara, and 162 N. of Rome. Lon. 12, 5. E. lat. 44. ii;. N. Ravf.nsbkuc, a county of Germany, in VVeftphali \, bounded on the N. by the biftjopiics of Mindeii and Ofnaburgh ; oa the E. by Lcmgo.v ; on the S. by the bi- Ihopric of radtrbioii ; and on the W. by that of Muiiller. It, is fo called from a caftlc of the fame name, and is liibjeit to the king of PruHia. Ravkssiiiirc;, a free and imperial town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia." It is well built, and the public ftruttures arc handfoniL. The inhabitants are partly Pruteftants, and partly I'apills. It is Itated en the river Ciieu)s, 1 i miles N.W. of Lindaw. Lon. 9. 40. E. lat. 47. -,9. N. RAVfcNsThiN, a town of Dutch IJra- bant, capital of a county of the fame name, with an ancient and (Irung c.iftle. It belongj to the eledtnr Palatine, but the Dutch have a right to keep a garrifim tiitrcin. It is (eated on the river Muefe, 10 miles S. W. of Nimegutn. Lon. 5. 35. E. lat. .;i. 46. N. * Rauvke, a river of Hindooftan Proper, one of the live cnftern br.'.nchcs if the Indus, into which rlvci it falls, rilmut 20 milts VV, of Mouitan, after hav- «rig received the united waters of the C!i( lum and the Chunaub. The Rauvee )^ tl.t livJiaorcs of Alexander. Ki VI I KJiij u tov.ii in Eflex, with a ♦ R F. C fm.i'I mirVct on Saturday j 11 miles S. E« of Cheim-itord, and 34 K. > f L iiidon. Lon. Q, 40, E. Kit. ft. );, N. Rkadinu, a b:>rtriii. Ucadiiig is thai centre of a gtntitl ncighl)ourhood. Ita chief trulc is in m.ilt, and in the convey'^ : n>.c ijf coinmoditiLS to and troiii Loud ,t>j by means of the Thames. A county in- firmary, aftir the mani). r of iholt at Bri(« fol, Bitii, &c. his been erei'.Kd here. Reading is j > niile. \V. of Ljndon, Log . o. t,t. W.lat, 51. iH. N. Rk A I. MO. NT, a town of France, iti the deparrinent of Upper Garonne and late pnvincu of Languedoc, 51 miles N E. of Touloi ' ^o. N. Lon. z. o. E. lat. 43. Rkdfl, a town of Germany, in tlte circle of Lo.vcr Saxony and diichv of Mtcklenbui;; ; felted onthclake Miiritlt, 30 miicb S. E. of Guilrow. Lon. iz. j6. E. lat. ^3. 31. N. Rkhnick. a populous town of Turk.ey in Europe, in Walachia, fcated on tiie river Aliita, with a biiliop'i fee, 45 miJca S. W. ot Targowifk. * Rkccan. SccAkacav. rN.t'CK AN ATT, a town of Italy, in the marcjuiliitc of Ancona, with a hilhop's lee. it ii a trading place, and every year in September, li.a'. a great fair, which crm- tinues 11; day^. Tiie tomb of Pope Gre- gory VII. is in the cathedral. It is Seat- ed on a motmtain, whence there is a -verf fine pr')rpcd>, ue.ii the rivtr Miinfoni , 14 miies S. of Aucona, and 110 N. f^. of Rome. Lon. 13. 34. E. lat. 43. 14. N. RF.CH(.i.vt;iiAUsi N, a town of Ger« mai;y, in me archi.-llliopric of Col igne, c:;piialof a ru iiitv of the fame name, with a (irong citadel, and a chapttr of noble Loies. It is leitcd on the river Lip p«, 29 milei from Kam. Lc;a. S. 3f). E. J.at. ti. 27. N. '' Recui.vkk, a village of Kd nt, the Regulhiuni of t!ic Roman;. It ij feate4 dole by the I'eafidc, near the moiit h of the Thames ; and u noted for it* chnrcli, which was anci'.ntiy collegiate, and has t.vo !'p;r,;s, v.LicU I'erve tor i. •fcam"V, and J ¥T mA art efl1!«J bv mirinrrs " tlie T^vo Siktrj." It i« ti niilei W. of Miirgitt, Mil 65 F.. by S. of Lntidon. R^:ni^.•R^^, a villigc of Hfrf, which cmctf Uloiiijca to the munaacry of St. -.iH»n'», »n<< w«'< >»,re,iily f.iiiud f'lr the priicnlcanliesot Aili;ihibilu^, whu rnn- tctcl St. Albiin to ChriOunity. It i\ ac-r five iBilcs N. W. i.f Si. AlhmV * RhUHKAi), » |>rom..ntory of An- ju«(hirc. in ScotUnJ, to ilic S. of Mi;nt- rofc. Here ;\re tlu- ruins of .in ancient Ciftle, almoft furrmimU'd by t!ic fta. Till the ycir 179.I1 tliikCipc was icmarkabU: for Wing tbc point bi'y.uul which CohU were not permitted to pal', without pay- ing a very licavy dutv ; an o;>prc(Tive tHX, which wai taken off by a commutation 4uty on fpirits. Rkdon, « fmall town m France, in the department of Ittc and Vihinc and late proviiKc of Bcctagne. It Icrvc* a^ .1 wart for the commerce of Rcniies, and is featedon the river ViUine, lo miles E. of Vanncs, and izi; K. by >. of Paris. Lon. t. 10. W. l;it.?7.4S. N- , . „ . Rr.DoNDA.a town (if Portugal, m Jki- ra, with a good caftic, am! a nianufa£>ory •f cloih. It \i fi-ued at the mouth of the n- Ter Mondtgo, 17 noks S. VV. of Coimbr.i. Lnn. 3. 54. U'. lat. 40. .j. N. Redondf.lla, a fmnll, bit rich town of Spain in G.dicia, with a cond caftle. It was pillaged by the Fnj^lilli m 1701. There is a filhery for anchovies on the coaft. It is featcd ut the bottom of a bay, tight miles S. of Ponte Vcdra. Lon, 8. iT. VV-lat. 4»-t^- N. ■Rf.d Russia, or Littif. Russia, a late province of I'olmd, bounded on the W.by Little p. .land, on the N. by Ma- fovia and Polclia, on the N. E. byVol- hir.il. on the K. by Pod.-lia, on the S. h. hv Moldavia, and on thi. S. bv Hungary. It had the name of Red llLfila trom the cnlour of the hair of its inhabitants. Sec GaLICIA. „ . r RfcHRVj ' H, a town of Cornwpll, whojc market is diiiiN. N. E. i)f Hclftone,a!id i6i W. by S. of London. "X-on. 5. n.W. U. so. n- N. ' Reo Ska, a lea celebrarcd in holy ' ''writ. It extends in a dircaion from N. 'to S'. dividing Africa froin Arabia. It is "'fepraied fr'^in the M'.ditcrrintan on the '■'fl, by the irtbnuis of Sue/, and commu- niLives, by tbt liraitsof HaUclniaiidel, on the S. with liie Arabian Sea and the In- diin t'cean. Ri KS, a cnindcrable and ftrong town of Germ*nv, m the citLW of \Vcftph.ilia '■* and duchi' Of Cleves. li is leatcd on the R E I Rhine, to mWti S. E. of Clcve«, tnd i-J N. W. of Wefil. Lon. 6. 4' t. Ut. 51. 40. N. ^ , RK<;l'.N'.BF.lif",, a liandfome tovvn of SwilTerland, in the canton of Zurich, ca. pitil of a bailiwick of iht lame name, with a ftronj; caftle. It I1 fcated on a rock, called the Lajjerbirrc, which U part of Mount Jura. There n a well. »i6 feet deep, funk through a rock. It ii now dry, but formerly furniditd wutertothe rarrifon, during the ohftinatc fKiie it fto. J before the invention of gunpowcfcr. Il is lomllenN. VV. of Zurich, Rionio, an ancient, ronfidcrablc, and nopuloun town of the kingdom of Niplei., with an auhlvfiiop's lee", and a woollen manufa«ory It n fcated in a country which nroiiiicts plenty of dates, on the flr.iit of^MiUina, 11 miU'. 8. K. of Mcf- fina.and igoS.by E. ofNapIci. Lon. 16. o. E.lat. 38. 4. N- , . ,, Rtocio, an ancient and hanrtlomc town of Italy, in a duchy of the fame name, with I'lirong citadel, and abilho;i's fee. It h:is been ruined feveral times by the Gotlis, and other nations. In the ca- thedral arc paintioi;s by the greateft nia(- ters i and in the (inure is the ftatue .f Brennus, chief of the Gauls. The inha. bitants arc about ji.coo, who carry on a great trade in filk. It wa5 taken by prince Kiig.;ne in 1706, and by the kintj of Sardinia in i74J. It is l""t<=d m a fer- tile country, totlie S. of the Appeunincs, and to the N. of a fpacious plain, i r miUs N. W. of Modena, and 80 S. E. of Mi- lan. Lon. ti. ^. K. lat. 44. Vl-N- , , . REr.iJin, a duchy of Italy, included in that of Modena. It produces a great denl of filk, and belongs to the duke of Mo- dena, except the marquilate of St. Mar- tin, which is fubjcft to a prince of th.it name. , . , r Rf.cjKA, a town of the kinpidom of Naples. i4mile'. N.of Cofcnza. Lon. iS. ii.E. lat. 39. 34•^'• . RfONANO, a town oi Uily, in tde patrimonv of St. Peter. It is but thin- Iv inhabit«d, and is leatcd near the nvcr Tiber, n miles N. of Rome. Lon. 11. 36. E. lat. 4^. "■'N. REicT!i:SArian ifland of Germany, in the circlK of Su.ih'u, .^tid in the /.tlier Zee, or lower lake of Cr^nd'-nce. It r. about three miles lc:ij^:nd one broad ; con- t.iins about 1600 inhabitants, r.l! Catholics; three puinics, one vilbec, and a rich ab- bcv of Bcnediftines, of which the bifliop of Conftancc is abbot. In this convent wr.r. interred Charles Lc Gros, whow&sempr- ror, and kin- of France, but was de- t pofcd i^^^pg RET iil'i S. R. of CIeve«, trA r-j IVcfil. Lon. 6. 4, E. lit. 51. iiF.no, a tianilfome tmvn nf , in fill- cintnn of /tiricli, «.i. b.iiliwiek nf tilt (nmc n:imc, r cjftlc. It ii rcatrd on:i rock, lLiii;ci>i»»2, which ii part wn of the kinijdnm of Ntplei, rihlvfliop'b (ee, and a wnnllcn ry If 11 fcattit in a country )Jiicts plcrjiy of ridg( , of a tingle arch, covered like that of Scliatfli.iiiftn, and conftrudtcd upon nearly the lame p! in. The fp«n of the arch is tzo feet in length. Rciclienau is ftven iiiiles S. W, of Cuirc. " RhicHKNHAt H, a river of SwifTer- lar.d, which has its Iburce at the fimt of Mount VVctttrnorn, and rolls its numer- ous catara^tk down the llecp fides of Mount Shcidcc, till it unites with the liver A.ir, near Mtyrin^rii. It cmveys into the Aar the g old duft that it found in the bed of tliat river, Reichenuack, a commercial town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony and territory of Voigilaud. RKiCHE.viiAnii, a town of Silcfia, capital of a circle of the fame name. In the war of 30 years, that waa terminated by the peace ot VVeitphalia in 1648, itex- pcricr.crd a variuty of calanrtirs. It is Icattd oil the little river 1'liI, and was diliin^uilhed by the jxace concluded, in 1790, bct.vcen tke emperor Leopold II. and the Turks. Rkiohi.n lituc, .1 ca!>le of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine and county of Catzcnelbogen. It is featcd on a mountain, near the Rhinv, and be- longs to the prince of HeTe Rhiucfcldt. Lon. 7. 57. K. lat. 50. 4. N. Ri-.icHt.vsxKiN, a town of Germany, in Siltfia. hve miLi from Giatz, faiiioiis for tlie iiiiias ill its neiglibourliood. Luu. i(j. sS' K. lit. 50. j;. .^^ RKK'Hsiior; V. ato.vn of Frarcc, in the depamnint of Lower Rhine ami late province (;'" AHdce, wiih a caftit in the neiniibouriioud of Hagutiiau. RiiU't;'.c;iii;n), a t avu of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine r.nd ter- ritory of LilTel, with a ru1le. RtiFii::-) uilIk;, a town of Germany, ir. the Iiud^ravate of iL;l'eC.i.1eI, wiui a cattle, feated on a loouotain. Kk. IT/. i;,t.K(i, p ti^wn of Gcnmny, in th« ciii.ie of Weilpllaiia, capita! ot a R L N county of the lame n*me, which li if iiiilc« l«n(r and five bi id. It llrs a«»r I'adctb.rn, and i» Tiojcd In (he kiiiM uf i'nilli., • R» MiiirsKVJT, a town nf Fi.mre, in the dcpartiiii lit of the Volijcs and Lite province of l.orrain. It iud Lnly a chapter of caiioncfl'ei, who v ere oblitfc4 t<) puivc their Dobihty, and whole alitnTt wa» J princiC-i of the empire. It it fcatc fcrvation. St, Remy is 10 miles N. C. \.{ Aries. Ri'.MJsni'RC, a town of Germany, ia the duchy of HolAein, with a caDlc. It ia not large, but i;. (Irung by liniation, ftand. ing ill Hii illand formed by the rivtr Kydcr. It it it miles S. 1'". of Sltfwick. Lon. to. (<. K. Lit. 54. 30. N. KhNFitiAV, a town of Scotland, capi- tal of a Ihire of the fame name. It 'a feated on the river (Jlyde, near the mouth of the river Cart, 10 miles K. by S. of Port Glaf^ow.and 45 W. of Kdinburgh. Ko> bert 1 1, had a palat here, of which no- thing rem. tins but u:e ditrli thut encircled It. Lon. 4. 16. W. lat. 5 ;. s«. N. RtNKKi vvbiiiitii, H eouiiiv of Scot- land, bnuniled on the W. and N. Iiy the frith of Clyde, on the K. by I.:inerklhire, and on the S. \V. by Ayrlhirc. This tountv was Itp.iiated from that of Lancrk by Roliert II. It was the paternal inhe- ritance of the Stuarts btfiire ihey afcendcl the throne, aiul it ftill ^ivcs the title of baron to the prince of Wales. Rknsis, an ancient tiiy of Franoe, in the department if llle and Vilaiiie am! late piuvinti: o( lirera^ne. The inhabit* hiitb aro con.'fiuttd at 3 ,oco. Its Rrceta are now broad, and iib luait;ht as h line ; bii; they wcro ve;y nari\.w before the fire ill i7ie', which Idled f>.vcn days, and ror- ruillL\l Sjo Iv.aio.;'., Tile ;:ie^t ((juile", ill which is till! TjiHCc of juitice, and the IlottI lie Viile, merit attention. Rennts is an arclihilhoprii , and is fealed on tfkC river V'llainc, wh'cli dvides it into twa rirts, v; ni.'e- >.'. of Nuiics, and 41 S. Is. "I' St. ?sl..lo. I^on. I. ?C. W, lat. ^i. N. Uknti, a town of Frn'u- in pTltlTiCr.t^of !lc Strain, ot C.iUis Ari'ji^. the de- apd ;ate Ji L feattd '(in ilj: ri\uT R E T K fi z river Aa,.iz miles S. W. of Aire, and <;o N. W. of Arras. Lon. i. zo. E. lat. 50. 36. N Reole, a town of France, in the de- partment of Gironde and late province of Giiicnne ; fcated on the rivir Garonne, 40 miles S. E. of Bourde:iux. Lon. o. 4. W. lat. 44. 30.N. Ri:i"Ali.LK, a town of Savoy, in Cha- blais,reatcil on the river wliicli falls into the lake of Geneva, and famdi;* fur the re- treat of Ainadeus, duke of Suvoy, in 1440, where h'.- went to enjoy the plenfurcs of a country life. There is a Carthulian mo- naltery here, reniarkablc for its extenfive profptfts. It is three miles from Thonon. and 10 N. E. of Geneva. Lon. 6. ji. E. lat. 46- i6. N. Repeham, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Saturday. It is feated in a valley, and ha-, two handfome churches in one churchy at J. It is 15 miles N. W. of Norwich, and togN. E.of London. Lon. I. 7. K. lat. 52. i;o. N. Reqjjkna, a ftrong town of Spain, in New Caltile, with a caftlc. It was taken by the EpglKh in 1706, and tetaken by the French the next year. It is feated on the river Oliana, 40 miles W. of Valencia, and 130 E. by S. of Madrid. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 39. 14. N. Rr.SHT, a large town of Perfia, capital of Ghilsn ; feated on the S. W. coatt of the Caipian Sea, no miles N. of Cafbin. Lon. 5;. 16. E. hr. 37. iS. N. Rescii.ution Island, a fmall idand in tlie S. Pacific Ocean, fo called from the fliij) ^efolution, in which captain Cook made his fecond voyage to the South Sea. Lon. i4>. 45. W.lat. i7.«4- S. Rki I'oKii, East, a liorough of Not- tiaghamlliire, with a market on Saturday. Jt is 30 miles N. of Nottingham, and 144 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 48. W. lat. 53. 12. N. RiiTHLi., an ancient town of France, in the department of the Ardennes and late nrovince of Champagne. It is feated on a m;niiuain, near the river Aifne, 20 miles N. E. of Rheims, and lob N. K. of Paris. Lon. 4. 26. F. lat. 49. 70. N. Rkthicen. See P^kutlingkv. Reti.mo, a towa of the i.'iand of Can- dia, with c bishop's fcT. and a harbour, de- fended bv a citadel, where the hafhaw re- fides. It was t;tk'.;n ig i'Ja7, by vh'-- Turkt, V'ho have kept it ever fince. All along the Ihore, nothing is to.be !ctn l.ut gar- dens, whofe fi nits are well raf cd. The filk, wool, honey, wax, Lmdanum, and oil are pref.;rrcd to all oi'v.rs. It fcated ou the N. cnail of t!ic iil.;r.d, 4^ miles from Candia. Lon. 24. 45. E. la 35- »^- N. Revel, a town of FAnce, in the de- partment of Upper Garonne and late province of Languedoc, lituated nine miles N. of St. Papoul. Lon. a. to. E. lat. 43.15. N. Revkl, a large, rich, and ftrong town of the Ruliian empire, capital of the go- vernment of Revel, or Efthonia, with a ^ood harbour and a bilhop's fee. Ii is lurrounded by high walls and deep ditch - .;s, and defended by a caftle and good baf- ions. The hout'es are well built, and have very fine gardens. There is a col- 'ege, with four profcflbrs ; and, in 1733, Two churches were allowed to the Pro- 'eftants. It is become a place of great trade, fince the Ruifians obtained poflef- l\on of it ; and there are two great fairs tvery year, in May an.' September, fre- c uented by Englilh ano .rL. h ruerchants. i t is feated on vliv gulf 'C Finland, partly in a pleafant pl^in, and partly on a itioun- tiin, 85 miles S. E. of Abo, and 133 W. by S. of Petcriburgh. Lon. 43. 57. E. lat. 59. 20. N. ' Revel, or EsTHONiA,_y govern- ment of the empire of Rullia. ~Se9 Esx- HONIA. •", Revero, a ftrong rtwn of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, feated on the river Po, oppofite Oftiglia, 10 miles ^; E. of Mirandola, and 20 S. E. of Matua' Lon. I. 9. E. lat. 44. ;8. N. '" Reuss, a river of Swiflerland, which rifes in the lake of Locendro, between the mountains cf Petina and Locendro, Hows through the lake of Lucern and the town of that name, and joining the Aar, .alls into the Rhine, oppolite Wald- fehut. Reutlingen, a handfor.ic, tree, and imperial town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and duchy of Wirtemburg. It is feated in a plain, on the river Echetz, near the Ncckar; is adorned with hand- ibme public buildings ; and has a well fie- qiirnted college. It is 10 miles E. ol^Tu- bmgen, and 37 S. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. 10. E. lat. 48. 3 I.N. Reux, a fortified town of the Ne- therlands, in Auftrian Hainault, eight miles N. E. of Mons. Reyna, an ancient town of Spain, in Andalufia, feated in a plain, with a caftle built upon an eminence, three miles from Lcrna, and in a territory abounding in wine and catrlc. * Rezan, a gcvcmmcnt of Ruffia, formerly a province of the government of Mofcow, Rezan is. the capital. Rkzan, ^ "M ^ i~ ' - *- ■ ! w w*tJ iST?'T3ge w*i^ f »'.t.nff : K t. -/,,:" landia. Lon. 24. 45. E. la town of Fftnce, in the de- Upper Garonne and late Languedoc, fittiated nine . Papoul. Lon. «. 10, £. lat. large, rich, and ftrong town I empire, capital of tlie go- Rtvel, or Efthonia, with a and a biihop's fee. Ii ii ' high walls and deep ditcli- Icd bv a tattle and good baf- lioul'es are well built, and fc gardens. There is a col- ur profcflbrs ; and, in 1733, were allowed to the Pro- is become a place of great ;he RulFians obtained poflef- nd there arc two great fairs n May an.' September, fre- £nglilh ano ,0l. h rucrchants. in ■lll^. gulf .'i Finland, partly pbin, and partly on a rtioun- s S. E. of Abo, and 133 W. by urgh. Lon. zj-Sl- E. lat. 59. ., or EsTHONiA, «^overn- empire of RulGa. "Seji Est- ■ -* , a (Irong t6wn of Italy, in f Mantua, feated on the river e Ottiglia, 10 miles N. E. of and to S. E. of Ma&tuV^ Lon. 44. .58. N. , a river of Swifferland, which 5 lake of Locendro, between ins of Petina and Locendro, gh the lake of Lucern and if that name, and joining the ito the Rhine, oppolite Wald- fJGF.N, a handfor.ic, tree, and ifn of Germany, in the circle id duchy of Wirtemburg. It a plain, on the river Echetz, cckar ; is adorned with hand- buildings ; and has a well f»c- lege. It is JO miles E. o'Tu- i 37 S. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. .8. 3 I.N. . fortified town of the Ne- : Auttrian Hainault, eight miles ons. an ancient town of Spain, in Ceated in a plain, with a caftle an eminence, three miles from in a territory abounding in itrlc. M, a government of Ruffia, province of the government of Llezanii.the capital. R H E Rkzan, an ancient town of Ruflia, ca- pital of the government ofthL- Tune name, \vith -tn aiclibilhop's ke. It was formerly onlklcrable for its extent and riches, but was almoll ruined by the Tartars, in 156S, The country is pnpuljus, and fer- I'lc in corn, and had formerly its own princes. It is feated at the confluence of the Trubefli and Occa, too miles S.' E. of Molcow. Lon. 40. 37. E. lat. 54. 55.N. * Rhe, an irtand in the b:;y of Bifcay, on the \V . coaft of France ; comprifed in the department of Lower Charente and late territory of Aunis. It lies very con- veniently for trade, and is very populous ; about four leagues long, and two broad. Its produfls are a very bitter wine, and abundance of fait. There is neither corn, nor hay, and very little fruit. They make excellent brandv, and the liquor called anife-fced. Their principal food is filh, and fliell filh are plentiful on the coaft. This ifland is defended by four forts, and is eight miles V/. of Rochelle. Lon. I. 19. \V. lat. 46. n. N. Rheims, a large and ancient city of France, in the department of Marne and late province of Champagne, with an archbiftiop's fee. The inhabitants are computed to be 30,000. The principal church, built bcfdre -the year 406, i? a very beautiful Gdthic ftru('ture. That of fit. Nicaifc, remarkable alio for its fine architefture, exhibits a curious phenome- n-n, which the abbe de l.i Pluciie, in the 7th vol. of his " N.'iture Dilplaycd," has attempted to explain. It is a buttrefs, which fliakes, in a very perceptible man- ner, at the ringing of tlic fmallcft of tlie four bells in the tower, althout;h it is not at all affedtci! by the ringing of tl-o other three; and the interinedinte buttrtfi'es are not put into motion by the ringing of any one of them. Behind the high altar of the church of St. Remy, tlie c irpfe of that archbilhop is preferved in a magnifi- cent (hrinc. In this church was lattly La Sainic AmjKjule, which is a fmall vial filled with a rcddiih and congealed liquor, which the French of former ages thought to have been brought from heaven ; and this holy liquor was ufed in the coronation of the kings of France, who have been fuccef- fively crowned at Rheims ; probably, be. caufe Clovis, the founder of the French monarchy, when converted from pagan- ifm, was baptised in the cathedra! here, in the year 496. The remains of an am- phitheatre, a caftle, and a triumphal arch, are among the ancient monuments of the Romans. The great fquare, lately called La Place Royalc, and adorned with the ptdeftriau ftitus of Lewis XV. would do R II I honour to the greateft capit,ilb in the world. Rheims is long and uarr j^^ , and the houfes are low. Here are manufac- tories of flannel, coverlets, and other wool- len fluff- ; and their gingerbread is fa- mous. Rheims is feated in a plain, fur- rounded by hills which produce excellent wine, on the river Vcfle, 61 mdes N. of Troves, and 7^ N. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 8. E. lat. 49. 1 5. N. Rheinthal, a valley of Swifferland, lying along the Rhine, one end of which reaches to the lake of Cuiiftance. It is a fertile country, efpecially in wine, and be- longs to nine of the cantons, namely to the eight ancient ones, and to that of Appen- zel. Thefe alternately appoint a bailiff. The people are of both religions ; but the proteftants are the moit numerous. Rhei.swald, a large valley in the country of the Grii'ons. It is fo called from the Hynder Rhine, which takes its rife on Mount Vogtifberg, at about the diftance of 12 miles, and runs through the valley. Splugen is the capital. Rhine, a great river of Europe, which has its fource in Mount S:. Gjthird, in the country of the Gnl'ons. After it has erolTed part of Germany and the Nether- Innds, it divides into two branches, one of which prelerves the name of the Rhine, and loles itfelf in the lands below Leyden. The other takes the name of the Lech, and falls into the Merwe, five miles N. W. of Dort. See Lauifen. Rhine, Lower, a circle of the em- pire of Germany. It extends from the circle of Saabia, which bounds if cu the S. to thnt of Wcftphalia, which lies to the N. To tlie E. is the lower part of the circle of the Upper Rhine and that of Franconia, and to the W. the upper part of the circle of he Upper Rhine, Lorrain, and Luxemburg. It contains the eledto- rates of Mcntz, Tteves, and Cologne; the palatinate of the Rhine, and the bi- fliopric of Worms. The eledtor of Mentz is tne direftor. * Rhine, Lower, a department of France, containing the late province of Lower Alface. Strafburg is the capital. ■^ Rhine, Upper, a department of France, containing the late province of Upper Alfiee. Colmar is the capital. Rhine, Upper, a circle of the empire of Gtrmanv, which includes the territo- ries of Hiffe-Caflci, HtfTe-Darmnadr, Heffe-Rhineleldt, and HrlfeHoniburg ; the counties of Naflau, Solms, Hanau, Henburg, Wied, Wefterburg. and Wal- deck, with the abbies of Fiilde.and IlirCch- feld, the imperial towns of Francfort, Frid- berg, and VVctzlar ; the bilhopric of Spiic, O u R H O and ihc duchy of Deux Ponts. The Rhopf. Island, an ifland of N. America, in the ftaie of the fame nnrr.T. It is n mi'c'i I mg fnm N. to S. and f iir milts wide, and is di.'dtd into three towu- Ihips. This illand is a noted rcforc of in- validbfrom rhe I'outhem dhnne;. It is ex- ceedingly pleafant and he;iltliful. and is ce- lebrated f<)r its fine \voirv.n. Travellers call ic, with propriety, The Eden of Amc rica. Rhodes, an ifland of Afia, on the S. fide of Naiolia, and in the Mediterrarcni Sea, about 40 miles in length, and 15 in brc.idih. The air is good, and the fo:l pretty fcrtilf, but badly cultivated. It n famous for havins: been the refidencc ct the knights of ]crufalcm till the year i -ji^ when the Turks got poirtifion of it. Tiie principal town is of the fame name, is an archbilhop's fee, and has a good harbour, with a narrow entrance between two rocks, on which arc two towers built to defend the paffage. Here, in all probability, flood the famous CololTus, a ftatue of bronze, -0 cubits high. It was reckoned one of riic fcvcn wonders of the world ; for a fhip with all its fails might pafs between the legs. It was thrown down by an earth- quake ; and when the .Saracens became maftcrs of this ifland in 66 s, they knocked it to pieces, with which they loaded 900 ^nroVtlTmrii'Tmportantplace-sVaJedon camefs. The knights of Jerufalem to„k 1 ^1 n! T. well ^ recard to its ftrength it from the Saracens in 1 309, and kept it asVuu tion 1 is nelr St" Guar, ^nd till it was taken from them by the Turk. h buUt on a craggy rock. This fortrefs It is the only town in the ifland and ,. comn 'nd" the wL.le breadth of the looked upon as an nnpreonable fortrefs, Se and tlwfe who pals are always being furroundcd by tnplc walls and dou- . r 1' , ^-.v •, confiderable toll. It is ble d tchcs. It is inhabited by Turks and r^tfes S.'of CoblTnu! Lon. ;. 3«. E- Jews; for the Chri.lians are obliged^ t^. ''^R^iiisLAND, a part of S. Holland, which lies on both fides tlu- Rhine. Ley- den is the capital. RHIN-SABKKN.OrSAVERNE, 8 tt)wn of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine and bilhopric of Spire, with a caftle. Oppofuc it, on the other fide of the Rhine, is the town calkd bcheck, l:ve in the fuburbs, they not being fiif fertd to be within the walW in the night- time. Lon. a8. 15. E. Ut. 36. 1^. N. Rhon h, a large river of Europe, which rifes in SwilTeiland ; iffuing from the gl.v cier of Furca, between the two rocky mountains called the Gktchcrberg and the Satzuerg. Crofllng the Vallais, it flo>v^ through the lake and city_ of Geneva, an ' ^'irwhkhJrlnceCiariesJfn^^^^^ feparating the hite province of Breffc Dtar wnicnpTii A„ar;...„ .rmv in France, from Savoy, it flows to Lv m ed that rivtf with the Auftrian army, in ,744. It is 15 i.'iles S. of Spire. Lon. 8. 3;.E. lat. 49.4-N. „ • . RHOUt Island, one of the Lmted States of N. America, bounded on the N. and E. by M*ffiichufet8, on tlie S. by the Atlantic, and on the W. by tonneaicuj. Thefe limits, comprehend what has been sailed Rhode Iflandand Providence PLinta- tions. It contains five counties, and 29 fownlliiiK. It is as healthful as any psrt of N. America, and is principally a cuun- try for psflure. Providence ahd Newport aic the two chiuf towns. France, from Savoy, it flows to Lvons Vienne, Tuiirnon, Valence, Viviers, Pont St. Efprit, Avij^non, Bcaucaire, Tarafcon. and Aries, andfalls into the Mediterrane- an, by fcvtral mouths. * Ahonk ani> Loire, a department of France', includinv; the late provinces of Forer ^nd Lyoiioif.^Thc capital is Lycns. * R^HOKI-:, MoXJXHS OF THR, a dt.- partm-iit of Fnmcc, containing part of t\:: late province of Provence. Aix is the ca- pital. * RiiYAi»ERG(i>lv"!f^V a "town of S. Wiles, in Radnorliiirc, with'a market oi W'edne the W; ed in a of New * R WAY, in Scoi the ren tiiu' thi R Ri/ New S ragua from t! hirboi 5^y»'fi5^w?.;^vS R H Y F. Island, an ifland of N. n the ft;iie of the fame nnrr;':. Ics long fnni N. to S. and f iir , aird ii di.'dcil into three towu- ; irtand is a noted rcforc of in- the loiitliem dnnncf. It is ex- iltafant and hc;ihlifiil. and isce- )r it3 fine woircn. Travellcis \ propriety, The Eden of Ame- s, an idand of Afia, on the S. lolia, and in tlic Mediterrarcin t 40 miles in length, and 15 in The air is good, and the foil tilf, but badly cultivated. It ii r havini: been the rtlidencc of ts of Jerufalcmtillthe year i ^i^, Turks got pofrtffion of it. Tiie town is of the fame name, is an p's fee, and has a good harbour, row entrance between two rocks, arc two towers built to defend je. Here, in all probability, flood us CololTus, a ftatue of bronze, -o rh. It was reckoned one of riic mders of the world ; for a fliip its fails might pafs between the : was thrown down by an carth- and when the .Saracens became )fthi» ifland in 66 s, they knocked ;cs, with which they loaded 900 The knights of Jerufalcm tck ;he Saracens in 1309, and kept it s taken from them by the Turkb. only town in the ifland, and u jpon as an impregnable fortrefs irrounded by tnplc walls and doii- ics. It is inhabited by Turks and for the Chrilliaiis arc obliged tu the fuburbs, they not being fuf- 1 be within the walW in the night- Lon. a8. 15. E. Ut. 36. i4-N. iN h, a large river of Europe, which SwilTtiland ; ifluing from the gl.v Furca, between the two rocky lins called the Glctchcrberg and the rg. Crofllng the Vallais, it flw.^ h the lake and city_ of Geneva, an 1 jng the hitc province of Breffc, m I. from Savoy, it flows to Lvons f, Tournon, Valence, Viviers, Tort prit, Avij^non, Ucaucaire, Tarafcon. rlcs, and "falls into the Metjitcrranc- ' fcvtral mouths. Lhonk ani> Loire, a department ,ncc', including the late provinces of f>nd Lyiiiioif.'Thc capital is Ly.cns. ^^ONI-:, MotJ XHS OF THR, a de- »nt of Fr;i'.icc, coiitaming part of tl- tovincc of Provence. Aix is the ca- ;^IIYA1»F.RG0\^'VV a town of S. •i, m Radnorliiire, with'a market 01 ' ' ^ We' R I C Wediiefday. Its name fignifies the Fall of the Wye, ;hat river bcinj^ here precipitat- ed in a cataraft. It is 10 milqs W. by S. of New Radnor. * RnyNDs or RiNNs or Gallo- way, '.lie wcftcrn divifiinxjf Wigtoiilhire in Scoil.uul, almoft entirely cut off fi;om the rem.iinder of the county by Loch Ryan and the bav of Luce. Rhynev. SeeRtiMNEY. RiALKXA> a town of N. America, in New Spain, and in the province of Nica- ragua ; fcatcd on a fmull river, live, miles R I E RrrnMOND, a vilbgc in Surry, nine miles VV. S. W. of Loodon. it was an- ciently i:Mc<\ Sbfe», which, in t lie Saxon tongue, fignifies r{f[ilindent. Henry V'l I. who, before he oGtained polTelfion of the crown, was carl of Riciimond in York- fliirc, gnve it the prefent njiiie. Here •.as a palace, in which ftveral uf I'ur king* rcfided, and in which Edward III. Henry Vn. and t|ijeeii Eiifabeth e.cpirtd. Rich- mond is full dilUiiguiUicd by iti> beautiful royal (gardens, which, in the fummer fea- Ibn, are open to the piibJlc every Sunday ; from the South Sea, nheic there i;. a good and in thefc is a nobL obfcrNi.tory. An hirbour. Th'.; air is very unwholcfome, rn account of tlie moraflct. It ih 60 miles \r. of Leon and lake Nicaragua. Lun. 89. to. W. Irtt. iz. 15. N. RiBADAViA, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, with a fine hiirbour. It is near the mouth of the river Rib.ideo, : 5 miles from Lucaro, and tiands upon a rock. Lon. 6. 47.\V.lat. 43.30. N. RiBAUAViA, a town of Spain, in tja clei^ant ilonc bridge of five archc? was erefted over the Thames here, in 1777. Ntir thi'; village alfo is ait cxicnfive royal p-irk, called Ricl.rrond, or the New Park. It is furroundcd by a btick wait built by Chirles I. Lon. o. 14. W. lat. 51. 18. N. Richmond, a borough in the N. ri- ding af York (hire, with a market oil Sa- turday. It is featcd on the river Swale, over which is a flonc bridge ; and is a cor- cia. feated at the confluence of the rivers poration, containing two chuiches, and handlbmc houfes, many of which are of frecftonc. It is 40 miles N. W. of York, and 130 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 35. W. lit. 54. iS.N. ' Rini.voND, a town of N. America, capital of the flatc of Virginia. It has aa elegant ftate-houfc, feated on a hill in the tipper part of the town. It flands on the N. lidc of James River, at the foot of the Falls, 60 miles W.of VViiliamfburg. RrciiMONDSHiRE, a diftvirt in the Minho and Avia, in a territory th^t pro (luces the bed wine in Spain. It is 15 miles S. W. of Orenfe. Lon. 7. 45. W. Lit. 41. 13. N, RiBAS, a town of Spain, in New Caf- file, feated on the river Xarania, eight miles from Madrid. RiBBLE, a river which rifts in the W. riding of Yorkrt)irc, runs acrofs Lanca- fliire, and falls into the Irilh Sea below Prefton. RiBF.MONT, a town of France, feated N. riding of Yorkfhire, It was formerly- near the river Oifc, upon an eminence, 10 a county of itielf. It aboumis in roman- .miles from St. Queniin. Lon. 3.11. E. tic fituations, and is noted for the neat- lat 40. 4S. N. "^'^^ ^■'"^ induflry of the inhabitants, who RiBEiRA Gkande, atownofAfii- manufafture knit ftockings and other ca, in St. Tago, the principal of the Cape coarfe goods. Many lead mines are de Vcrd iflands, with a good harbour and wrought in this diftria, of which Rich- a biftiop's fee. Tiie general of thefc iflands mond is the capital town. refides here. It is feated between two high mountains. Lon. 23. 24- W. kit 15- C.N Rici-'MANswoRTii, a town of Hert. fordftiire, w -'i a market on Saturday. It is I'eatcd e. lie river Coin, eight mile* RiBNiTZ, a town of Germany, in the S. W. of Alban's, and i8 W, N. \V. circle of Lower Saxony and duchy of of London. Lon. o. 16. W. lat. 51. Mecklenburg. There is a nunnery for 41. N. noble women, and.it is feated on a bay of Rieti, an ancient and rich town of the Baltic, \z miles from Roflock. Lon. Italy, in the Pope's tcrritgrifs, and duchy 12. c(. E.lat. ss- 10. I^- ^^ Spoleto, witha \jifliop's fee. It i»feat- Ric^EHi.u, a himdfome town of ed on the river Veliro, nearthe lake Ricti, France,' in the dcpaitm<.iit of Ipdre and 27 miles S. by E, of Spoleto, and -^rU. Loire; and ,Utc province of Tourainc, E.. of Rome. JU9.n., U- i' E. iat. 4a. with'a fiAe palace and cxtenfive park. iJ-N- It was built by. cardinal Richelieu lu 1637- RiF VX, a tcwn of France, w the de- Thf ftrccts are as^raiajit. as a line, and it partmcnt of Upper Ganjnnp and late pro- contains a han^fbrne Iquare. It is feaied viuce of L^ngi^edjC Before th» revoiu- on the rivers Amkble and Vide, 27 uolcs turn in 1789, it xvas a biOu.p's fee. It is N of Poitiers, ant'. 152 S. W. of Pans, feated on the river Riic, aj mik-i S. W. Lon. o 10. E.lat. 47. 2. N. *> * vf R I N of Touloufe, and 83 W. of Narbonne. Lon. I. iT.E.lat. 4V '6. N- RlEZ, a town of France, ir the depart- ment of the Lower Alps and late province of Provence. Before the revolution ot i-Sg, it was a bilhnp's (Ke. It is a plea- fant, populous place, though fmall, out wa5 formerly much Urperthan it is at pre RIP RiNGWOOD.alarge town^f Hampfliirrf with a plentiful market on VVednffday. It has a confiderable manufaftory of worfted knit ho'"e md 's feated on the river Avon, ,0 miles S. W .i Winchcftcr, and 01 W. by S. of London. Lon. i. 41. vV. lar. so- 49- N. RiNTLfN, a town of C'trmany, in tne was formerly much UrRcrthan 't 'satP «- ^^ ■;^-^; ^alia, and in the county of fent. I. is ftated in a p am, abounding wth ^'"'^^^^^^^^ , univerf.ty. It is Eoodvine =»"'« «""^'V r'"V ToZn Sft t^fe land, ^ave of Hcffe-CalTd. kE. of A^x and 50 N. E. of Toaion. ^X,-;;j;„ ,,/rn^^^ n;L:'a^a!^.^.^;..%iou. ond ^- ftn^len. and . S^VV^ of Hanover, rich t.,w;i of the Ruifi.in empire, capital Lon. g. zo. K. la . 5.. .3. . . . of the enven.mcnt of Rit:a or Livonia. Next to Peterfburgh, it is the moft com- mercial town in the whole Ruflian em- pire. The trade is chiefly c.irried on by foreign merchants, who are refident m the town. The merchants of an Kng- lilh factory eftabliihed here enjoy the greateft Ihare of the commerce. llie principal exports are corn, hemp, ftax, iron, timber, mafts, leather, tallow, &c. Within the fortifications, are 9000 inha- bitants, and in the fiiburbs i ^ooo, btlide a earrifon of 1000 men. Htrc is a float- ine wooden bridge over the Dwina, or Duna, 40 feet in breadth, aud rfioo in length. In the winter, when the ice lets in, this bridge is taken to pieces and re- moved : in the fpring it is replaced. Riga is five miles from the mouth of the iJuna, Rio-DE-LA-MADALeNA,a rivefof S. America, in Terra F.rma, which nle'^l- mnft undrr the equator, and running N. through Trrra Fitma, falls inio the gulf ot Mexico, br-twecn Car•ha^;l•n? and St Martha. It is alfo called Rio -ande. Rj.) GiiANPE, a river of Africa, which runs from E. to. W. through Ncgroland, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean, in n de- grees of N. latitude. Rio-Grande, a river of S. America, in Brafil, which falls into the Atlantic Ocean. ecu Rio-Janeiro. a river of S. America, which rifes in the mountains W. of Bra. fil, and running E. through that country, falls into the Atlantic Occ.ui, in lon. 41. 3S. W. lat. 11.54. S. Rio-J AVEiRo, one of the ncheft pro- is five miles from ^hcmouti^^^^^^ vinc^^^rBrafil. Wing near the tropic of and ISO S. E. by h.. of btocKUoim. ^.^n. . ^,,j. pu„u,,ucrc annually ex- See Li- 24. ic. E.lat. 56. 53. N. * Riga, the government ot. VONIA. , , Rimini, an ancient, populous, and handfome town of Italy, *" R^^^S"?' which is part of the territory ot the Churcli, with a bilhop's fee, an old callle, and a ftrong tower ; as alfc many remains ot an Capricorn. The Purtugucfc annually ex- port hence fold, filvei, and precious ftoneJ, ihe produce of the country. U receivis its name from the Rio-Jantiro, at the mouth of which, in lon, 43. >>-.W.aivt lat. It. 54. S. is fituated the city of bt. Seb^fti.in, its capital. RioM, an ancient town of France, in [ an- i\i*^'^ii oil iiiiv......^ .-X .i,uiry, and very fine buildings. It is ^S:^Z:i:^, "l^^ ^^ f.led -«[^r^'\.P>-^t^,^^,,f"o V:.' Fo'plartacountrV that it is called the the nvcr Marrechu. on the g If ot V p ^^ ^^^^ ^, ;, ht miles N. "■"• "tf^R^m^ L^ : - srE.l- l.ofClermont,and iMS.ofPans. Lon. N. by E. ^'^rImmVcev, a town of Gc'rna-.ny, in the circle of-\Vcftphali.i and durhy of Jii- liers, fcated on the .RhinC; T^ tf rtn^k- ab'c forfevcral Roman antiquities, a^d^val> burnt by the Swedes in the la(\ cenmry. If RiAcOPiNM-, a towo of Ucnmiirk, in "NjLrland, in the dioccfc of Ripen, \cM- ei^the wcilcrn coAll of thia province. RingsYed, an ancicm town of Dt-n- mark, in the ifle of Zealand, "p.ral of :i bailiwick, of the fame name. Tlrt king- of Denmark formerly rcf.ded and were barisd here. Lon. ii. >o. fc- i-t. 5b. 3. ,3.F,. l?.t. 45. 54- N- . . . RioNE, a town of France, m the do- partmcnt of Gironde and late province 0. G.iitnno, rii;ht miles from BourdeajBC. Rii-vTRANsoNt, a fmall, handlomc, populous, and ftrong town of Italy, in the territory of the Church, and marquifate ot Ancor..", with a Wlhop's fee. It is Rye miles from the gulf of Venice, and eight from Fcrmo. Lon. t3- S°- E- lat. 4»' ^^RivEN, a town of Denmark, in N. Jutland, capital of a diocefe o{t\it{mc name, with a biftiop's fee. a good harbour, a caRlc, two^olleges, »nd A pubho Ubr^rv. R I T? OD,alarge to^vn^f Hampfliirr( iful market on VVednffdav- It erable manufaftory of worfted id 's feared on the river Avon, W r,f Winchcftcr, and <)i of London. Loi). i. 4»- W. N- . ^ V, a town of Germany, in the eftphalia, and in the county of rg, with a univerfity. It is the land(,rave of Hefre-Caffcl, d on the river VVefer, i 5 miles ,ien, and ? ■; S. W. of Hanover, i. R.ia-.ii. .3.N. ,-LA-MAPALENA,a riverof 5. in Terra Firma, which rifesal- r the equator, and running N. erraFitma, falls into the gulf of br-t'.veen Ca^ha^;l•n? and St It is alfo called Rio -ande. ■i A N P E, a river of Africa, which E. to. W. through Ncgroland, ito the Atlantic Ocean, in n de- >I. latitude. RANDE, a river of S. America, which falls into the Atlantic ANEIRO. a river of S. America, es in the mountain? W. of Bra- unning E. through that country, the Atlantic Oce;ui, in Ion. 41. at. 11. '=4. S. . . A ANEiRo, one of the richeft pro- Brafil, Iving near the tropic of n. The Purtugucfc annually ex- re fold, filvei, and precious ftoneJ, lUce of the country. It receivis from the Rio-Jantiro, at the f which, in lop. 43. n. W. aivi 54. S. is fuuated tlie city of St. n, its capital. I, an ancient town of France, in irtmrnt of Pay de Dome and lave • of Auvcrgne, fcated on a hill, m mt a country, that it is called the of Auvcrene. It is eight miles IN. lermont,and 115 S. of Pans. Loii. '.. l?.t. 45. 54- N- . . . s-c, a town of trance, in the de- nt of Gironde and late province 0. 10, rii'ht miles from Bourdeaux. vTRANsoNt, afmall, handfomc, us, and ftifong town of Italy, in the ■V of the Church, and marquifate ol ;, with a Wfhop's fee. It is five rom the gulf of Venice, and eight Fermo. Lon. 13- S°- E- lat. 4»- 'FN, a town of Denmark, in N. d, capital of a diocefe of the fame with a biftiop's fee. a good harixwr, c, two<:ollege8, »nd a public Ubran'- R I V ROC the tombs of feveral of the kings^ of department of the Eaftcrn Pyre)ices and Dcnmaik arc in the cithedral, which h a very handfomc ftniaure. The harbour, which has contributed greatly to the pro- fpcrity of this pUcc, is at a imall diftance, being fcated at the mouth of the river Nipfaa, in a country which iuppius the beft bievcs in Dci.mark. It is s5 ""'*' ^• \V. of SlcCwick, and 60 S. by W. of Wi- bi!r«h. Lon. 9. o. E.lat. ^5. »?. N. RiPiiJEAN MoL'NTAiN.s, a chain of high mountains in RuHin, to the N. E. of the river Oby, whae there are laid to be the fined fables in the. whole em- iirt. RiPLEV, a town in the W. riding of Yorkfliirc, with a marl> . on Monday. It is feated on the river Nyd, 13 miles W. N. W. of York, and 221 N. by W. of London. Lon. i. 30. W. iat. 54- 4. N. RIPPON, a large wfll-built borough in •he VV. ruling of Yorkihire, with a mar- ket on Thur'riav. It i^ learcd on ibe ri- ver Urc, and i/nn ancient pUct, once fa mous for its religious houlls. It has a church as nngniiicc-nt as a cathedral, a- dorncd with f're.- lofcv Ipires. It is noted for its manu!"..'-lory of hardwares, parti- cularlv fpurs, and is 28 miles N. W. of York,'and iiH N. N. W.of London. Lon. 1. 29. W.lat. C.A. 11. N. RiQt'itR, an ancient town of France, in the departmer.t of S^mme and late pro- vince of Picardv, feated on the river Cur- don, five mile's N. E. of Abbeviile, and 95N. of Paris. Lon. 1. 59- E- '"• i°- 10. N. . _ ,, RisBOROL'GH, a town of Bucking- hwiihirc, with a market on Saturday, 20 miles S. ( f Ailtlbury, and 37 W. N. W. of Lomion. Lon.0.42. W. la:. 5i.4o-N. RiriiURO, a town of Germany, in the circle (.f Wcftphalia, capital of acounty of the fame name, about i s roller m length, and five in brea 1th. It tia. a caftle, and iif featccl on the river Embs, ii miles N. W. of Padcrborn. Lon. «. 4^^ E- Iat. 51. 52. N. ,^ . , RivA.a ftrongtown of Germany, in the bifliopric of Trent. It was taken by the French in 1703. who foon abandoned it. It is fcated at the mouth of a fmall river. lateproviiue of Roulillon, i'eatcd on the liver Egly. It is famous for fine wine. Rivoi.i, a town <)f Piedmont, with a magnificent cattle, nine miles W of Tu- rin. Lon. 7. 32. E. ht. 45. 4, N. RivoLo, a town of Italy, in the Ve- ronefc, feated on the E. fide of the lake Garda, 20 miles N. W. of Verona. Lon. 11. I. E. Iat. 4^ 34. N. RoA, a ftrong town of Spain, in Old Caft.le, with a citadel. It is feated on the river Douero, in a country fertile in corn and wine, lo miles S. VV. of Aranda,and 70 N. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 22. W.lat. 41. 3c. N. * RoANNE, a populous and commercial town of France, iu rhe department of Rhone and Loire and late province of Ly- onois. It was a vilLigc only at the com- muncemcnt of the prefent century ; and is fe itcd on the Loire, where it begins to be n.ivig.iblc for barks. Hence the mtr- chandile of Lyons, Marleille"!, and the Levant, is conveyed duwn the Loire, and by the canal of Briare, ir.t:) the Seine, and thence to Paris. Ruanne is ;o miles N. E. of Clermont, and 210 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 12. E. Iat. 46. 13. N. RoA.s'OKK, an illand of N. America, near the coali (f N. Carolina, in Albe- marle-Cvjunty. Lon. 76. o. W. Iat. 35. 50. N. Roanoke, a long, rapid river of N. America, formed by two principal branch- es ; namely, Staunton River which rifes in Virginia, and Dan River, which r^fes in N. Carolina. This river is fubjedl to in- undations, and, on account of the falls, is navigable for ihallops only, about 60 or 70 miles. It enters, by feveral mouths, into the S. W. end of Albemarle Sound. RoBBKN Island, called fometimes, in Englilh Charts, Penguin Ifland, a barren bout I s miles in length, faiuly ifiand, near the Cape of Good Hope. ' Lon. iS. 22. E. Iat. 3 3. 50. S. 1!,T IU L, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lov/er Sixuny and ductiy of Meck- lenburg, feated on the river Muretz. Robin-Hood's-Bay, a bay on the coali of the N. riding of Yorkfhire, to the S. E. of Whitby, about one mile broad. Here is a I'iilaj^e of fifiiermcn, who fup- rn the bke Garda, 17 rr.iies S. V/. of ply the city of York, and all the adjacent Trent. Lon. ti. 7. W. Iat. 46. 4 N.^ RiVAPtc, a feaport of Spam, in k»a- licia, 39 miles N. W. of Oviedo. Lon. 6. 34.W. Iat. 43- 33. N. RivALLO, a handfomc town ot the kingdom of Naples, feated on a mountain, io miles from Naples. • . RivESALTES) a town of France, m ?ne country, with herrings, and all forts of fifh in their feafon ; and they have well-ljoats, in which are kept large quantities of crabs and lobfters. Rocca-d'Anfo, a ftrong town of Italy, m the Brefciano, feated on lake Idro, 25 miles S. E. of Trent. Lon. n. 40. £. Iat. 45. 50. N. Ooj Roce<. MMMb JL ROC ROC Rocca-d'Annonk, and Rocca- p'Addaz/,e, two forts of Italv, in Montfcir.ii, t .ich of which is feitcd on a mountain, in tlit toad from Afti to Alex- andri i. Kociir: Bern ARB, a town of France, ia tliu deparrmcnt of Murbihun and late prcivince of Hriitany, ^-aied on trie rivtr Vilaine, 23 m:ies E.of Vannes. RociiOALK, a town in Lantafhire, with a confidtrable iTia'-ktt on Monday and Saturday. It is fcated in a vale, on the river Roeh, at the foot of the York- lliirc Hills ; and has flourilhing manufac- torits of bays, ftrges, and other woollen gouds. This to\»ii has gnr mott of the tr^ide from B ckin^ and other placeit in EiTcx. Its inanufa^.tures extend eight or »o miles N. of the town, which is ;<; miles W. S. W. of York, and 19? N. N. W. of London. Lon. t. i3. W lat, 53. 38. N. * Roche, a town of SwUfcrland, fiib- jeft to the canton of Btrn, which ha« here a dirc6tcr of the f^lt works. Roche is memorahle for the refidcnce of tht cele- brated Haller, who filled that ofHce from n',>i to i-ofi. Roche, an ancient town of the Nether- lands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, and in the foreftof Ardennes, with a firong cattle, fcated on a rock, near the river Oiirte, 11 miles S. of Liej;e, and -^i N. W. of Lux- emburg. Lon. 5. 40. E. lat. 50. 15. N. Roche Choi'auj', a town of France, in the department of Upper Vienne and late province ( f Limofin, with a caftle on thetoffofa mountain, on the declivity of which the town is fcated, near a Imalj river that f dis into the Vienne. It is 60 miles S. by E. of Poitiers, and 189 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. o. 53. E. lat. 45. 46. N. RoCHFOP.ri, a town of Efftx, with a market on Thurfday. Jt is 16 miles S. W. of Chelmsford, and 40 E. by N. of London. Lon. o. 41. E. lat. 51. 36. N. RocHEFORT, ahandfomeandconfider- able Icaport of France, in the department of Lower Chaiente and late territory of Aunig, with a very commodious harhiour, one of the moft famous in France, It was built by Lewis XIV. in 1664, fix leagues from the mouth of the river Cha- rente, the entrance of which is defended by feveral forts. The ftreets are broad, and in a Uraight line -, the hoafes low, but regular. It ii fup{x>led to contain 10,000 fouls. Unforiunattly, the air is unwholc- fome, and the water of a bad quality* This town has a magnificcot hofpital, vaft bar- racks, the fined hall of arms in France, a noble arfenal, a rope-ywd, a foundry for cannon, and all thi o^t«r jnagazints neccf- fary for the conftruftion and equipnoent of fhips of war. It is feven leagues S. E. of Rochelle, and 117 S. W. of Paris. Lon o. <4. W. lat. 46. 3,N. RocHiFORT, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Luxt.-nburg, with a caftle, faid to have been built by the Romans. It is furrounded by rocks, and is 1 <, miles S. E. of Dinant, and 50 N. W. of Luxemburg. Lon. j. 10. E. lat. jo. 12. N. KocHEfOUCAULT, a town of Franci, in the department of Charente and lat; province of Angoumois, with a caftle. ft IS feaied on the ri\er Tardouere, 11 milei N. E. of An8;ouleme, and io8 S. by VV. of Pans, Lon. 0. rg. E. lat. 4;. 46. N. RocHEiT.K, a handfome, rich* and re- lebratcd town of France, in the depirt- nicnt of L^iwcr Charente and late tcrri- tory of Aunis, with a very commodioii; and fafe harbuur. It was larciv a bifhop's lee, and contains about idooo inhabitants. It has five testes. Th.e liovfcs arc tine, and fupporttd by pia/.^as, under which perlons may v alk in all weathers ; and the ftreets, in general, are as ftraight as a line. Lewis Xlil. took this place from the Huguenots, in i6i8, after a fiege of 13 months, during which the inhabit- ants fuifered all the horrors of famine, only 4000, out of i ?,ooo, furviving the fiege. To prevent the Englifh ihrowi;.^ in fuccours by fea, cardinal Richelieu, in imitation of Alexander, at the fiege of Tj-y. conftruticd a prodigious mole, 4481 feet in extent. " It is aftonifhing," fays a French writer fiiice the Revolution, "how much the cltrgy contributed to this work, and with what pleafure they made the firft payments I " The new fortifi- cations are in the manner of Vauban. The inhabitants carry on a conftderable trade/} efpecially in wines, brandy, fugar, fait, pper, linen, and fergcs. Rochelle is feated on the Atlantic Ocean, 67 miles N. by E. of Nantes, and *xo S. W. of Paris. Loiv. I. 4. W. lat, 4<. 9. N. RocHB Macrkaah, a. town of the Netherlands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, witk a ftrong caftle, 1$ miles N. E. of Luxemburg. L«n. A. as. £. lat. 49. 4«. N. RocHis-PosAy, arewii of France, in the department vf I mire an<) Loire and late province of Touraine, fcated ou the river Crcufe, and remarkable for its mi- neral waters^ Lon. 1. a. E. lat. 46. 45- N. RocKB-StiR.Yov, a town of France, in the depMrtment ^f Vendee andlate prt»- vinceof roitou, fcated near the river Yon, , ' »o miles *" »sai iii '.ii Mi onor ^tix^i^ ROC"" onftruftion and equipment r. It is feven league* S. E. and 117 b. W, of Paris. Loii. .4''-3.'N- RT, a town of the Auftrian in LuxciTiburg, with a caftle, seen huilt by the Romans, it by rocks, and i» i s niilcs )inimt, and 50 N. W. of Lon. 5. 10. E. lat. 50. JUCAL'LT, a town of Franco, rtrnent of Charente and lais ^ngnumoii, with a caftle. h J the ri\er Tardoucrt, li of An^uleiDC) and ;lo8 S. Pans. Lon. o. 19. E. iat. 4;. .T.P., a handfome, rich, and rc- wn of France, in the dcpirt- -wcr Ciiarcnse nnd late tcrri- nis, with a very comtnodiou; irbmir. It was latclv a biftiop's ntains about 16000 inhabitants, gates. TliL- lioi'.rcs arc hnc, rtcd by pia/.zss, under which y V. alk 111 all weathers ; and , in general, are as ftraight Lewis Xlil. took this place lugucnots, in 1618, after a fitge ths, during which the inhabit- ed all the horrors of famine, ., out of I i;,ooo, furviving the > prevent the Englifli throwing s by fea, cardinal Richelieu, in of Alexander, at the fiegc of ftrucicd a prodigious mole, 4481 tent. " It is aftonifliing," Tayi writer fince the Revolution, ich the ckrgy contributed to this J with what pleafure they made )ayments I " The new fortifi- e in the manner of Vauban. ibitants carry on a confiderable pecially in wines, brandy, fusar, r, linen, and fergcs. Rochelle is the Atlantic Ocean, 67 miles N. !4intet, and «to S. W. of Paris. .W. lat, 4«. 9. N. i Macrk-ran, a town of the id«« in the duchy of Luxetnbarg, trong caftle, 1$ miles N. E. of Tg. hon. 6. 15. £. lat. 49. B-PosAr, itowa of France, in tm«fit of Iniire and Loire and nee of Tourainei Teated ou the ufei and remarkable for ita mi* Iters. Lon. 1. a. E. lat. 46. B-SHR-Yov, a fown of France, imrtraent ^t Vendee and late pro- 'oitou, ftated near the river Yon, ao miles -^'" ROC to miles N. W. of LiKjon, and io» S. W. of Paris. Lon. i.'n. VV. lat. 46.40. N. R|lCH^^ I'K , a city of Kent, with two markets, on W'cdncfd.iy and Friday. It IS Icated on the river Mcdway, over which is a iloiic bridge, it is t^ovcrntd hy a mayor, ii aldermen, anJ i: conimon council-men, and lends two members to parliament. It iii an ancient place, and was formerly inu U l:-tif;er lliin M prcfent. It'i caftle, nz:v 111 luins, ri.cc rendered ii of i:n. it'-importnice; aud- •here, alto are I'i'iiii. rem, arc excepted." Rucheftcris parted From Stroud on the W, Iv its bridi;e, and it is contiguous to Cl.at- iMin on the E. Tne curp»,.'ation hasju- rildiftion over the y'reat oyfter-fifliery in the ("evcral creeks of the Medway. It is 27 miles N.W.byW. of Canterbuty, and ^0. S. E. by E. of London, Lon. o. 36. E. lat. 51. I J. N. RocHK-STEa, a villrtge in Northum- I'.crland, on the V/atling-ftreet-road, N. W, of Otterburn, and near the fource of the river Read. It has fome Roman altars, inlVriptions, and other antiquiiie*;, ilocHii.z, an ancient town of Germa- ny, in Sax'inv, in the territory of Lciplic, with a caftle. ropper-mintt, and a hand- fome bridge iy\tr the rivtr Muldaw. RocKHO, a largerivcr of Aria,inChi- na, .^".hich rifcslin thelprBVAnce ef Ynnnau,: whence it runsS. thrAughihd'ltiairtiom of Ton>.]ain-, '.-and falls iotsihc bity of Cocliin- ChiuiiT -^ Y'..'''' "" -1' ' ■' " R'o (*it n H 1 Bc; s 1 a otUni yinthc date of ^{■ij:{;inia, in.N.'4m*icau./Jt li^.lj«wcoii the Allegany Rlouniains. and the 'Bi.it<4, Ridge>i)ariJ tkccnnev ks. Baraefrara-aouH- ouS'^atittTa] Ihridgai bwtr ithe: CeJatr^'ceck'.' See C.VfiA-|V;C«H«Hl,ir •' •:'(i.'. '1 ; 1 r' • R aoiK iwVj >1 Afli* * i;a itDWMt tof -Nnrf bamp - lutjjliire-j wSiti a£in:iTknt'.dn Thur'dayl It u IcHtcHon the liver WtlUnd, which^faUs inio, tkid \vier. Nun, ^txVuMi formerly-' of nsu.-;for lits cafi{«>'^uag lago-'^enbluhvd. ■' 1 ' "•! I 1!) I ji^ ; .i;„;.i ,■ ,.';j'i \ i .. ...1, • •; I (f . ' (. ROE It is I J mi'.os S. of O ikham, .ind S4 N. by VV. of London. Lon. o. 46. \V. lit. £«ct fuuation, and vicinity to IRtchnuind Park, it is adorned with fome clagatit villas. ,. R»t<ht nniles N. £. of Mont. Lon. 4, la. E. lat. 50. 31. N. RoHACZow, a confiderable town of Europe, in Lithuania, capital of a dilirift of the fame name, feated ac the confluence of the Dnieper and Ordrwa, 37 miles N. W. of Ricczica. and 1 58 N. of Kioff, or JCiow. Lon. 30. 40. £. I:.) f3.t. N. RoHAMy a town of Fra. l in the de- partment of Morbihan and la., province of Bretagne, I'catcd on the river Aouft, 10 mileaN. of Vannes. Lon. 2. 42. W. lat. 48. o. N. * RoHiLCt'ND, or RoHiLLA, a ter- ritory of Hindooft.ui Proptr, whole inha- bitanrt are called Rohillas. It lies to the E. of Delhi, and is lubjcft to the nabob of Oude, by wbnm it w.i;; conijucred in '774. Bereilly is the capital. RoLDtJC, a town of the Aiiftrinn Ne- therlands in the (lurhy of Limlnurp. and capital of a territory of the fame n.imc, with a caftle 1 fevtn mlbs N. of Aixl.i- Chapelle. Lon. 6. (\. K. lar, 50. ;<;. N. RoLLRiCH SroNF.s, in Oxfordfliirc, N. of Stanton Harcourr, ntar Lon;; Comp- ton. It is an ancient monument in the parifh of Chipping-Nonon, and is a circle of ftones ftanding upright, winch the vul- gar have a notion were men petrified. Ivlr. Toland pofitivtiy aflTcrts them to be the remains of a Britifh temple ; but Mr. Camden and Dr. Plot are of a different opiniy. Rto, or RoEM, an ifland of Denmark, on theeaftern coaft of S. Jutland. It is five miles in length, and half as much in breadth, and jontainsa few villaees. RoMAGNA, a province of Italy, in the pope's teriitr.ries, bounded on the N. by the Ferrarefe } on the S, by Tulcany and, the duchy of Url»ino j on the E. by the! gulf of Venice ; and on the W. by t^ Bolognefe and Tufcany. It is fertilc^m corn, wine, oil, fruits, and padures. , It l)as alfo mines, mineral waters, and fak works, which make its principal revenuSt. Ravenna is the capital. RoM^lN-MoTiER, a fmall handfome;? town of SwitTerland, in the territory of Komand, and capital of a bailiwick, with a cafile. It is feated in a valley,, at the foot of a high mountain. Romania, a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N. by Bulgaria ; ^pif (he £. by the Bkcj^Sca, on the S. by ^ ; il« Ajfchipclago and t|)« fea of Marmora ; .«.'ijup-m the W. by Macedonia and Bulga. na> It is 200 miles W^ng'h, and i ^o „p breadth. It was fornnHy called Thrace, and is the largeft of all Mic provinces the Turks polTelJ in Euro^^e. It is fruitful in corn and pafturci \ and there are minr , of filver, lead, and alum. It is dividul into three great jjovernments or fangi.i- catcj ; namely, K.irkel, of which Philipo.i is the capital 1 OalipoJi, whofe capital is if the fame name ; and Byrantiuni, Byzii, or Vifa, of which Conltantiaople is the ca- pital. Ro.mano, a ftronEt and populous tnwM of Iialy, in Bergaintfco. It carries on i great trade in corn, and is feated on a river than runs betw en theOj;lio and the Sen ■. Romans, an ancient town if Frnm,, in the departmenr of Drome anil hte pro- vince of Daupliiny. It is leated in a f.n plain, on the river Ifcrc ; and Roilin, and othcri after him, wlui have travi ; led into th'; H 'ly Land, have compare t Romans, for iituation aru! fiencry, to Jc- riifaltm. It is ii miles K. W. of Greno- ble, and 30 S. of Vicnne. Lon. 5, 1:. E. lat. 4;. J. N. Rdme, a famous city of Europe, founded 7^0 years before the birth i.f Chrift. It was form.ily three timci a-, 'arge as it is at prcfent, but i-. nuw one of the largeft and handfomcft cities of Eu- rupc. It is computed to contain 170,000 inhabitants, which, though greatly inferior to what it coiilJ boall in the days of it< ancient power, ii more than it has been able to number at fome former periodi fincc the fall of the empire ; there btiri; reafon to think, th?.t, at particular times fince, not very remote, it has been re- duced below 40,030. The numbers havo gradually increafed during the whole of this prcfent century. Some of the prin- cipal ftieets are of confiderable length, and perfeflly flraight. That calltd tiie Corfo is the rr.oft frequented. Here the nobility difplay their equipages durin;; , the carnival, and take the air in the even- ings, in fair weather. The Ihops on each fide are three '-f.&JILf^ct higher than the Arect ; and thtMJtWpjiath for the convc- niency of foot [MHtngers, on a level with the Ihops. The palaces, of which there are feveral in this flreet, range in a li'-- ith the houfcs, having no covitts beh-'o lepi. The Strada Felice, and the StraHa orta Pii, arc alio very I 'ng and nobl.- ftffets. There arc no lamps liglited in the llrtcts at ni<^;ht ; and all Rome would be in utt^r darkncfs, were it not for the candles which the devotion of individual"; fo:retifrics places before the ftatues of the Virgin : thefe appear glimmering, at vaft intervals, like liars in a cloudy night. The footmen carry dark lanterns behind the carriages of peopl^Kthe firil dillinc- tton. Thu darkoefs^Vsay be fuppofed. ROM }rgeft of all 'he provinces tlic |li in Europe. It it fruitful pafiurcs i and there are minr . ad, and alum. It is ilividni Ircat (.'overnmemn or fangi.i- lly, K.irkel, of which Philipo.i i Oalipoli, whofe capita! is if |ime ; ai\d Byr.^ntiuii, Byzi.i, i^liich ConltanUBople nthc ca- , a Aroni; and populous towii Bergainafco. It carries on i in corn, and is fcatedon a river letw un theO);lio and the Ser: ■. an ancient town <.f Frnnt.:, rtmcnt of Drome ami Inte pr. - iiphiny. It is le.ited in a (.n ■ tlic river Ifcre ; and Rni'iii, after him, vA'.o have travii '; II ily L;ind, have com pan. I r lituation aju! iVeiicry, to Ju- ft '\% 11 miles t». W. of Gren'- o S. of Vicnne. I.^n. 5. 1:, J.N. a famous city of Europe, ;o years before the birth cf was formally three time", a-, IS at prcfent, but i'l now one of and handfomeft cities of Ell- is computed to contain 1711,000 5, which, though grcaily inferior coiild bnall in the days of iii iwer, u more than it has been lumber at fome former periodi fall of the empire ; there btini; think, th?.t, at particular times very ri.nujte, it has been ri.- Dw 40,030. The numbers havi; increafed during the whole of :nt century. Some of the prin- ets are of confiderable leng'h, iflly ftraight. That called the the rr.oft frequented. Here the Jifplay their equipages duriii;; •al, and take the air in the evcii- air weather. The ihops on each hrce cr f ftM fcfeet higher than the id thettSpftpath for the convc- foot palTbngcrs, on a level vviih . The palaces, of which there al in this ftreet, range in a li"' houfes, having no covttts bchio "he Strada Felice, and Ule StrsHa Pii, arc alio very I 'Og and nobl." There arc no inmps liglited in s Dt ni^;ht ; and all Rome would jr darkncfs, wert it not for the ihich the dt;votion of individual s places before the ftatues cf the thefe appear glimmering, at Taft like Dars la a clotidy night, men carry dark lanterns behind igt$ of peopl^K the firil dillinc- ut darkncfs^lPsay be fuppofed> ROM 11 not unfavourable t(> alTipnatiom among the infcriir people ; a-ul when a rarriacc, wicli a lantern behind it, uriilcntally cdinci n«ila, 4^0. A cimpletf de- fcri('ti m of tit. rh'irch, and of its Catiie-;, b id -rel cvos, to iimns, an 1 van us rtl.cr ornaments, wouM till vcjiiinf"!. Tli.j P.ttt icon i' the tnoft perfift "f the R"- mn ! mpl-.s whith n.nv remain. " In fpite, ' lavs Dr. M.''r(", '• of ti c deprcil ... tuns uhic" It has luftainrd from Gutlis, Vund. Is, aiid Pripes, it fiill remains a bcaut'ful nv numcnt cf R' man talK-. Thj pivili'.Mi of the great altar, whch (la::, Is under the cupola r.f St. Pitn's, atnl the four wre.tthed pillars of Cci inrhian bral's which I'upport it, verc formed out of the fpoils of tile P.intheon, which, after all, and with the weit,ht of iXco vears upon its head, has (till a pfobability of oir living its iiroud capacious rival." From the circii- lar form of this temple, it has obtained the name of the Rutund'. Its height is ii;o feet, and its breadth nearly the lame. There are no windows ; the central open- ing in the dome adu'inin,^ a lufTicunfy of light. The rain which falls throus^li this aperture, iinmcdiHtcly drills through hokr,, which perforate a hrge piece of prophyry, that foiin. the centre of the pavement. }tcint( converted into a Chrifiian temple, the Pantheon, orieinally creA'ed to the hono'ir of all the gods, is now dedicated to the Virgin, and to all the martyrs and faints. As the Panthe.-in is the m i(V tn- tire, the Amphitheatre of Vcfpifan i; the moft (lupendous inonutrent of antiquity ih Rome. About oite half of the t .i»cr- nal circuit ftill remains ; from which :i pretty exa£V idea mav be formed of the original ftrui^iurc. By a computation of Mr. Byres, it could C)ntain S;;,oco fpec- tators. The Campidoglio is an elegant ftrufture, raifed on part of the ruins <.f the ancient Capitol. But the antiquities of Rome are too numerous to be minutely defcribcd. We fliall, therefore, pals over ROM the ancient Foniir, now a «:y«.jri/^; the inautiful Cil'iinii of Tiijin, no ftcc hinh.on the top of which is the ftaiue of bt, Peter, inlUad of that of Tnjin, cellion, to take p.iflefTion of the holy fcj;. The \yype has t!;rce fu- pi rb paliucs, of which 'he principal is the Vatican, nor St. P.tcr's church. The library of tliis |i.U.:e is th; largeft and nioft coinplcre in tiic world ; nth, el'pc- cirtllv in inaiuirtiipts in all language, and of all age-. Ill R.itne, the toimniireuf will meet with innuiner^bl'" paituin;;s br the Kreaiert nutters and with the cheU d'oBuvrcs nf (i iilptiire, t^c. The caOle of St. A ,tl.i letV'js 11, ore t') 'cep the citT in awe, than to repel any f.ireign attack. Rome I-. I .itej on me river Til'rr, whicli runs tnr>ugh a p>irt of it ; «nd ir is br.o 111. lei S. h. of r.ris, 4 10 S. S. W. of Vi- ciin 1, T. Ro.Mo.vT, or RoD.MONT, a handfome and Ifrong town cf SwilTerland, in the canton of FriPiiirg ; I'etitcd on -a mountain, 10 miles from l-'iiburg,and ix from Bern. Lon. 7. I. E. Irtt. 46. 50. K. RoMORE.VTiN, a town of France, in the department df Loir and Cher and late province of Blaifois, with a caftle, on the brook Morentin, «^hich lofes itfelf in th© Saudre. On one of its gates in inferiUd Rirna 1 R S R O S c I *^, P.9rf,i M 'fr \ but therein noi'iiig eojitf- tify ilx. »p^)iHitifjn. On tlic conir.iiv, were It net (or iii itijinit;i('tcri''- ot lergc;. and cIo'Ik, wh'ch are vei v gonH, ilii> pUcc •would be icirctly kn"i''ii. It ii 4^ mile, it ot Tij*ir«, and 100 S. bv \V. o) P;iri,«. Lon. I. .)i. E. Lit. 17. ]t. N. RoNi ir.t.iovt, a i.iAii of Jv.W, cipi- «»l of a ItralUIirtiK't of till- fiine tmiiic, in the I'oprS lerritorie*. It i< leatcd rn tbe livtT Te.'tia, Bu.ira Uktof tho lame faitic namr, ix rnilt* S. of Vittrbo, Hod 24. N. of RoiTic. L"n. II. it, F.. lit, .(1. iH. N. RjN'PA, a haiidfime ;«n(l tlionj^ town cf S^Mii), HI Gr.imHi, witii a cafllc. It '«■*» ukcn from t:>e Miv>rs m 1.^8;, and is feit'.d on a cragcv r;ck rcir the Rio Vcrdc, JO miles N. W. nf Ctibraltar, and ^t. S. E> of Stvillc. Lon. 5. u.W. ht. ;6. 40. N. RnijLiiuuvs'i , n town of lulv, in the friDcip.ility of Monitco, with a c ; tit, Icu- »d nejr file fca. It is tlin.t mili;- tuiii Mo- luco. RoQj'E-r)f Ma!'.' >N, a town of Fi!»nc';, in the d»:putiii>.i\t of Lindf. and late pr.riiict: o' Mjif.m, Icaici en tliu Tivtr Duuic, 10 111 Us troiT: Mont-dc- M^iiran. Rot^'F.MAVRf, a to'.vn of Fraiicf, in Laiinucd'.ic, fcHitd .11 a craggy r'>ck, near the KnosiL-, lix mi.i-s N. \V. of Avignon. Lon. 4. 4S. F,. Lr. 44. :. N . RobAVA, a town oT Lirhiia'iia, in the palatinate of Nnvonrnilcc ; full 1 ( very nindf.me build. ngs, and Itattd n'jar the riv^r Z.ilva, »o n"li'<. S. W. oi Nnvn^ro- dec. Lon. 25. 45. R. Lit. 5s- ?2. N- RosnAi'H, a to.vn of Germany, in Saxony, fanxjus for a viilory, obt lined licre by tlie king of Prnliia, over th« French iind tlie army of the Emplit, No- vember ^, 17,57- S, Rosi'Hici), a fo« n of Di>nrrtaik, in the iile of Zealand, with a biQicp'a I'c;', and auniverfiiy. It i.s famous lor p treaty cr^icluded litre, in 1653 ; and in the ("^reit clnirch are Overal tombs of the kini^i of Denmirk. It is featcd at the bottom of a firsU bay, 15 miles \V. of C'.ipenlngen. Lon. \t. 10. E.liit. 5?. 4:. N. Ro.scoM.Mov, a cr-untv of Ireland, in the province of Conn^.iiiht, co miles in length, and. j^ in breidth ; bcuiuled on th< F.. by Longford 2nd E.il; Meat a ; on the N. by Sligo and Ltitrjin ; on the S. by Gabvav, and on the W. by another part of Gal\v:',y, ard Mayo. It is a level fruitful country, and by the lielp 0/ good luilbandry yi' l''> ficclli nt c«rn. It con- fAinii 59 pariihes ; and ftind? f:t:;!ir nieir.- hers to p>riiiini(,aU:. T'-c prin%:ipr.l to^n AthKurc. -J ihil RdsF. Cvsrr. c, in C.iinberland, fini- ated tn tlif river Ciiide, near the ancient hn;J«rv)oviird 1. 1 jdge'i here, in hi. fxpcdiiior to ..' Imd. RoiKTii',! ..oii, J r iwn of ilie Ncihcr- linds in Flanders, it miiis N. \V. ot Vpre-i. Lnn. 1. J7.E. lit. e.a. ;<>. N. H osF.N n Livr, a town of (Strnriiiv, in the riic!'; of Suabia and duthv of VV ir- teitibuic;, It.tted 01 tlie river Tayth, 11 niil^s s". W. li. Suit/. RtisEii, a I .ivn of Spain, in Cata^1nia, wi' I a harlnur, dcfendtd by 1 lining ci- tadel. It i; ll-aivd ncir the Mtdittrra- ni...:i, on tlio bdV of iliu fann.- mint, 1 >; nnli.s N. R. of (jironnt, and 6; N. E. of B:>rct.l-'na. Lon, 5. 1. ;•'.. lat. 1. 16. N. UosKlT'i, atnvn of Afrii.a.in E.tvpi, liiu-d on the wcftern briiKh »if tut river Nut. Tile Ej^yptiins c.iii it Rifthid, and account it one of the plealanttli plic* in Egyjir, It is near f.vij iiiil'..s in Ijoi^tli, and li ts not above tv.o or llirte l^iteis. They lia\e at/riai nianufi^torv 01 ilripid and oth'.r csi-lc linens ; l)'.lt its cliu f bu- linels is the cirri ige of i;'V)di! hence t'> Cairo; for uli Euicpt.in nicrch.indile 1. broii'dit hitli;r fro ;i Alcxindria iiy icn, and hence carried bv b".M to Cairo. Tiic l*",;iri)peans have their vice-couliils aa.l f.iftors here. Tilt cou.ntrv to the W. 'iii dtli_L;hiful gardens, fill' ir orani;t, le:vi .'ii, and citron- trees, and almolf all foris of fruiiP, with a \:irictv of ti;rovei rf paiin- trees ; and when the fields are i^reen \\m.\ rice, it adds greatly to the beauty of the country. It is n miles N. Is. t.f Alex- andria, and 100 N. W. of Cairo. Lon. io. A^- E. lar. 51. 30. N. ■ R.jsn ACK, a fmall briough of Swif- ftrland, in the territ Ty of the abbot of St. fiellta i agreeably fituacsd in the midftof a bay at li.e edjje of the lake of C'on- ftance, and at t:'.e bottcmcfa riliog hill richly covered with wood and palhirage. * RosHAAN,, a country of .A lin, lying 10 the W. of the kingdom of Burinahi to which it is fiibjert. RosiKNNt. a t(n*rti of Sitioi^itiaf rent- ed ontiieriver DtbLiTe, 70 miles S. ofMit- tau, and i8S N. E. of War&w. Loo.' 23- 45. E. lat. 55- 5o. N. ;•;■! Ki ,1 ' , RosiHii^-A^vMrfl I. I)dge4 here, in r to ,,i ^Imd. ..OK, a r iwn of ilic Nether- anrtcrj, ii milib N. W. ut n. 1. J7. E. lat. e.a. ;i». N. I.DT,;* lo'.vn i)f Citrnvinv, in SiM«l>i.i anJ duchv of VVir- .ttfd on the river I'aytti, it , Suit/. I .*vn iif Sp^in, in CitaKinin, ur, Hcfiii'.ltd by i lirung ci- (-•a'ld tirir ilit Mtilittrr.i- ic hjv (.f ilic Unv; liHnif, !■; . of (jiron'it, .iriii 6i N. ii. tif Lon, ;. 1. !•;. lai. i. i6. N. 1 t)wn of Afiii.a, in E.tvpi, i< wcitern brincli t,f ihl- river K),'yptnns c.ili It Rilchiil, iim! mi. lit" the pleiilai-ittri jilir.i in h ncir f.vij niilLk in !.ii:^tlp, )t iibovc two or llirtc '.titcib. » L'.rt.it niHnufj^t(•'. h>i gardens, fiil' rt firnni;i, k'.-.i.'i), -trci."i, and aliiiort all foris of !i a Mirictv of groves rf paiin- when tliR fitid'. arc i^retn wn.\ Is greatly to tin; beauty of tlic It is 2? miles N. ]C. >.'.{ Alex- 1 loo N, W. of Cairo. Ljn. ••ir. 51. io. N. \cu, n fniall b rough of Swif. the territ ry of the abbot of St. ;rec;ibly firuited in the midft of lic tdjje of the lake of Con- iit t:;e bott( ni cf ,i riling hill red with wond and p^Huragt. A AN,, a country of Alin, lying of till kiDgdom of Burin-iht to fiibjc<',>. Nfc, » ti»\«n of Sin>rvi»iiiaf fent- ver l)'ibiiTi',7omilLS S.ofMit- 88 N. K. ot War&iv. Loo." 23. 55. !0.N. . .,;pl ',> .1 . , ti-Ai"x-SAtiNEs, i. tmvB-'pf the departaicnt cf Menrthc- rovince of Lotrnin, inmoiis ftr 'i.ks. . The works .ihac king ;onliruiStcd here art rtiuch- ad- it fcaie4'aii:thcTiv.ct.]M9Urtht. nine R O S nine milri S. K. of N.mri, iinj 170 K. Of r.iiii. Lou. 6 »7. K. lat. -ft. jt. N. Ro^oY, a town of Kiiinct. in the de- p gentrallv fpoV.en. RossANo, a flrongtown of thekingdi m of Naples, with an archbifliop's fee. It is large, well peopled, and feattd on an emi- nence, furrounded by nxki, three nrlci from tht g«if of Venice, and 1^6 S. K. of Naples. Lon. 16.38. E. lat. 39. 4S. Is'. RosiOcK, a town of Germanv, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and duthy of Mecklenburg, with a iinivcrfity, a gi"id harbour, ana a ftronp citadel, ft is tie bed Town in this country, and has goi d fortifications, with an arlenal. Here a;e fevcral handfome churches, and it was for- merly one of the llanfcatii Towns. It is ROT ■ —- ifivided intr iliree patN, the O' ', the Mew and the Mi.ldU- Tnvn. It is Kill i nu,.ri«|, under the pn.ie^f'on of the duke ■>'' Mick- Uniiiiry; 1, iind 1 le.ttvd un the Lk( , wficrrt the river V«rnr tall-iinto it, and c ir, iciLirBo Uiafs, three niilis from the B^'tir, 1, (i. (.; C.iulrow. and 00 !• . ^f Lubic. Lort. It. n. R. Iir. u- ". N. llosi OK, n l.ir:'e ffwn of U\ifli.>, In th» piveinnient of \" .lofl.if, wiih an :irchi. epilcrtpil (a. It IS t cured on the N. fule ot th. Iin.ill lai.e Nti. , jr Koftof, whicti cniiiiaiinit.tfti with the Vt \/n hy the liktr Kotorolt, It is 9; nitlts N, 1'. ,,f i^l„(. c.v/. I.on, 40. 25. E. iat. 17. «. N. Rc)iA,a tnwn and » i(He -'f 5^ in, in An(!;iliil''rt, li.ited at the cnttiiite if the nay of Cad^, fiven miles N. of Cadu. Lun. 6. 16. U'. kit, j'.. jr, N. ' Ro 1 A, ;in illiiul m Afn, one of the princip.il of the L idroi.es. RijTF.NnfUG, a han.l.oiiie, free, .ind iniperi.d lown of Cjrrin.iny, in fhr circle (if KruncMiia, fi red on tlie ru-r Tauher, 11; mihi N. W. of'Jinrpaeli. Lun, 10. 1!. E. lat. 4r). :}. N. R(i 1 1 N'lU' KG, a town of Gcnnrinv, iti the circle of Su.ibia and niinty of Hoen- burg, with a caftle. It belongs to the lioule of Aii!fri:i ; is filled on the river Ntckar, itven miles VV. if Tubingen ; and is rem.irkable for i's mineral waters. L'-n. -'. ;(.. K. lat. 4S. iH. N. RcTi siirut;, a town lU" f?ermany, in the I.indgraviitc of Hilfe-dni I, )"e>,ted on the river Kuldr, with a c.illle, 2; miles S. of C.illtl. L.in. 9. 30. E. lat. so. t -,. N. RorHin'RV, a town of Nnrthumber- I?.nd, whole n arktt is dil'continucd. It is nnc miles S. W. of Alnwick, mid 30: N. by VV. of London. I.on. i. 40. \V, lat. 55. 20. N. * RoTiiiR. a river whifh ri'cs in SiilT'ex, fiMiiis the bourdary l^envecn that county and Kent, for a (hort fp ice, and then enters t!ie Eii^'li;!i Cli.innel at Rye. RiiTHiiRii AM, a ^v! II- built town in the W. riding ( f Yorklldre, with a large market on Monday for pr(>\irK)ns, cattle, and corn. It has a very line church, :ind it fuated on the river D< n, over whicii is a handfome ftone I'ridge ; 31 miles N. of Notiinghar:i, and i'>o N. Iiy W. of Lon- c\'l'^. Lon 1. i.j.'W. lat. cj. 24. N. Sec MA'iBRtjtMi. RoTHsAV, a Umuih of Scotlard, the rapital oi the ifle of Hiitc. It i~ fifuartd on the E. t-f'e -f the ilkuid, arid 11. s in ex- cellent h?.rboi,r and pier. Here i« an an- cient caf;le, (inrc a roypj piirite, wh'cli gives the tittft of di'ke to the pfirte of Wales, a* it ioiig did, before the union, to the K O T the iicir-app^fcnr r>f the rn^vn r.f SCft- li.nd. li i» "o TiwWi W. I'C Ldinburgli. L'.n. ». 17. W. Ut. «',. so, N. RorHWM.i, or Rowii., i\ t'lwn of ^iirihinipti nihirt, « iili a m.irka on M.m- a>jy. If !• («.i'trf.v, flrnng, hind- fnme, and rich citv of tlic United IVo- vincet, in II ilUnd, wiili one of rlie lincft hirbours ;n liK NitherUnds, wlikh rciulcrt it » place of g«»t trade. It is the moft confidcrable \^Utc in HolUnd, for fuc, bt.iuty of its luiildinijs ti-ailc, ami riches, next to Ainfttrdiim. There arc fo many fine deep lanaU, tlut iW\\» m.^y uul'i.rl at the very docrv of the mag iiinci. Tie town h ij'.virtied I'V a regiiiry, confft- in^ of 1+ c iinlVlli>rv, i.nd li'ur biirp.n- malU-o... The tcwi.h' lift, the bank, uiid the nrVt'nais arc ni;innliivcr,r. It is more fTttiuciuul \.v ilic BiitilU inerch 'ou th in AmrtenUm, 'Vtraiili-' ilic ice ^^ucs aw^y fmrnrr, and a linjle tide in two or ihrrc Imuis \Nill larrv a v.fel into the <-pui lr:l. Here ii .in l.nuUlh prirtivteimn church, which btin^ of 1; e e!',aWi(lirJ rdij'.ii'n. the imnifter it paid by il.e lUKs ; iind ( which is nut tlie ci(c uit'n 'be prd^yttri ms iti Fngland and Scotla.u!) their ftrvioe h ^<- coinpaniid bv m (T,;an. Here 1^ alio a handlimie Ent/lilh rpilcKp;,! iliiivcli, wh Ic fniiiitler h paid, pmly l>y » fa'^ry Ironi ihc Enghlh govtrnmtnt, m\\ pirily bv a fub- icriiticn of the i.ongrej;ation. Some (>( the* hollies Rre bu'it in the nld Snaninj ftyle, wiiU the i; open (() as to admit the pafl'ai;e of Oiips. It is paved, and ii 170 Paces lone. RiiUi:n is the birthpLice of t'lc two CorneiUes, and of Fontencllc. It is ;o miles S. W. of Aiu'tns and 70 N. W. of Paris. Lon. I. 10. K. lat. .19. 17. N. RovTKK, or Ilo\ r.RDO. a town of Gcnnanv, in the circle of Auftria, and ir. the Tirol, feaicd on the river Adi^c, at the foot of a mountain, and on the fide of a liream, over which is ^ bridge, de- fended bv two lari;c towers and a ftrong calilt, eight miles ij. of Trent. Lon. ri. 27. F,. la;. 46- o. N. RouKRiJL'K, a late province of France, in the jrovernment of Guiennc, boutidcd on tiie K. by theCcvennes and Gevaudan, on the VV. bv Q^crci, cm the N. by the laiTie and Auvergne, and on the S. by Languedoc. It is 71; mites in length, and so in breadth ; not very fertile, bur fccdi R O U none luif nnhlf n-rtmen. It fha iivei" Neckar. near ii* «lfo ntar th«t i. 4. E> a citjr of rivinee, c;ip!t3l nf n<;nt i.f l.'iwer Scmt, in th"! cc of N'rmandy, with »r. f(f. It i> fcitiil ria the F till- Seine. The ftrccts arr Killed, ilirty, .ind c nlift (f )ufci. Nutwitlirtuntlin^; thi^ ;i|)pcnr;incr, it it dne of the ut uml iiiiport.Tiu places in is tvvo Ici^ucB and .1 h-.ilf lu (i s fiK fuhurb* incUiiltd) i^ o cunt tin 7 J, 000 inhal'itanti. p.iblic hiiiUlines, the iiuitl dif* .ire, the Grciif H.ill <>( the T.\- hich the late p.irli.im(.nt of ; the old ciftlc ; and the prin- h, orii.iiiicntcd u itii ti'.rtc tiiw. ; of uhiih ii the p'lat htll, s thr name nf cJi'l'ii.il (Jcorgc ;t niiiulUr, whufc nunn'ty i:> cflcd ill France. Ir wcij-.hj and ii > iic fuol il/.fk ; m cn- r is 3i fiet,.'.nil iti licif^ht and feet. The cl ipper alonr ) Ihs. Ncnr thib ciiuich, v/hicU mly rriTiart..iHc *rx, U the pul)- Tht llttplc of tl.i: lite Benc- F St. Owi'ii Is ,in tlcv,iiit Clo- ture. Ti'.c hntns of Houcn, y what are c illcd the SiammfCt <'flecnied. There are alio ma- . (»f cl'th, and a niani'.ia^>ory of iriol, the only one in France. irh of St. SevLj, fitii.nedon the of the Seine, comnv.inicatcs with y a hih^ge cf h'lat', whicli rifti with IJic tide, and is made to 5 to admit the pan'ai;c of Ihips. d, and is 170 pacts lonjr. Rnuen thpLuu of ilic two Corntiilc5, 'nntencllc. It is ;o miles S. W. s and 70 N. VV. of Paris. Lon. lat. .)(). 17. N. RK, or VvO\ r KUO. a town of , in tiic ciic'c of Auftria, and ir. I, fcalcd on the river Adi^c, at of a inouniain, and on the fide im, over which is ^ bridge, dc- V two lavi;c towers and a ftrong ;ht miles S. of Trent. Lon. 7 1. t. 46. o. N. KGi'K, a laic province of Franci:, overnment of Guienne, bouiidec! . by theCtvennes and Gevandan, A', bv Q^crci, en the N. by the d Auvergne, and on the S. by oc. It ii 7<; miles in lengtli, in breadth ; not very fertile, hut fetdi ROY ffifil. a Duui'. cr of cutlo, and ha.« mlnci uf coppir, iron, altiiii, vitriol, .tnd luU pliur. It nuvv fnrtn* the dcpitiliii'iit of Avriion, of wii.eh kiidet tt. ihc c. !>ii.d. RovKiN'i, a pxpulims i.nvn id It.ily, in Ilhia, with two guMd hirh'iuiv. .ind ijuuriii bf line II nv. It i'> Icaitd in a itrritjry which piwducc exitUcnt wine, in a priiinhiU on the wel\crn Ci>iu. finu di R ivic", bci'inyinjj tj the Vtntti- (111, fcateJ on tlic nv..r Adi^c, m milci 8. r.f l'adu;i, ind n S. W, of Voiilre. Lon. 11. I.^. Ji«lit. 4'. 3i. N, Swc I'j. I.FlMNO 1)1 Ros' It.O. Rous&RLART, a town of Fr.inrc, in the depait rent of the N"rtli and laf; uro- vincc vi French Fl.inderii, 10 mdcs N. E. of Vpres, and 10 S. F,. ef Oftcnd. L^)n. 3. o. K. l;ir. 50. (.H. N. RoL'sbii Los.a late province of France, bounded on the E. by the Mcditcrruntan, on the VV. by Cerd.iijna, on th.- N. by Lower Languediic, and on the S. by C.i- talonia, from which it is I'eparated by the Pyrenees. It ii about 50 inilis in lcii,;th, ;.nd 2; in breadth. Sec rvRiMKs F.ASTKKV. • Ro\ni.'Ht.iisniui',acotinty of Scnt- !;;nd, I'oniitif.es callcil I'eviotdale ; btilr'd- id on the N. iiy lUrwiekihiie ; on t!.i' E. and S. hy tl'.c Enghlh c(Mir.tles of Nor- thumbcrlind uml Cumherland, ,\ihI on tlie A\'. by the (liires of nunifnts and Sclkiri;. From N. m S. it extends near 10 miles, nnd about the lame from E. to W. The principal rivers arc the Tweed, Ti viot, *n/i Liddel. The f:>cc of the country ex- hibits a rough, irnirular apprararcc f.f moires, h.l.s, and moiintji;-.'., intirl'i^trfed with narro'.v vallies, well warerci!, and fertile in corn. Tiie hiils feed (;rcat numbers of lli^cp and ci'.ttle. KoxENX, Cai"!, or the RorK of LisnON, a remarkable moinit.iin and prom' ntory in Portugr.!, Inns; at the N. entrance of tlic river T.ij'i. 21 r,.i!e>; W. of Lilbon. Lon. 9. jj. W. lat. jS. 43- N. RovAN', formerly a large town of France, in the department of I.ower Cliarente and late prnvinco of Saintoii,',c, famous for a fieije mairitamed by the Hu- genots Di^ainft Ltv.is XIlLiri 16; i. It IS now alinoft in ruins, and is ieated at the mouth of tlic river Girwine, ?-> 11. lies S. of Rochellc. Lon. o. 57- V^'- l^'t- 45- 38. N. RoYES, a ftrong t»wn of Prance, in the department of Scrime and iiut pry ,}■>. — '^fejJli teai* iJ WWM R II r, vincc of l*icartiy. Some inincriil wi^trt Witv (lilV /Vtrcd here a :«-v\ ).j|>tti;o. It ii It mill* N. W. of Ni'vuu, and uq N. Iiy K. of I'atii. Lon. 1. ji. i^. lat. 49, 44. N. Roy 11 ON, a C'inndtrihic town of Ilett'i, pirtuf whiili II liiuatid In Cam- I riiii'elliiie. Ir h.4i> a ^re.u ni.ukrt for citn on \'v'cdiiLr.^jy 1 ;ind, under th* iniirkct-pUec, i* ••u uncUni fiibturrin<.kn ciupel, I'lippi ltd to he of Saxon lonllruc- tMii. RoNlti'U h.'.i ^iviii it) nmie to a rpcci::. of ctu.'', called alio the llo.idcd or Oi ly Crow, whirh u ii hitd of pnll'iij-fi in thi. luij^hhmrhnel, and alio on iha wh' le t.illern CvalL It ij 1; milt) S. hy E. of Huntingdon, and 37 N.uf Lundun. Loo. o. I. K. lit. 5». 6. N. KrAi'AN, an illand of N. America, in tlie b.iy 'f lloniiiiias, haiin;^ a j^ood har- bour, proper for Ihips thiit rcfyrt to tliit bav for ilie cutting iT logwood. Xtiiiri.R \, a (inall hut very flroni; town of Italy, one of the keys of the Moflenefc, leatrj on the river Seccia, cii;hi miles from Mtxicna. Lon. 11. 14. hi', lit. A-\- V)- N- Rt'DLi-sr Ai>T. a town of Grrmany, in the lirde of- VV'eOphalia, l.m Igravate cf Thuringia, and county of Schwartzburg, ne:ir the river Sail, with a calile. Ki'DKN, a town of Cjermany, in the circle of VVeitph.ilia, fiated on the rivtr IVIoen, on the confines of the billiopric of Pideih' rn, and fulijeft to the ciedtur of Col 'j;nr. RL^DKsiiriM, a town of Germany, in the electorate of Mtnt/, tiirtc miles trom Bin:;c:i. Lon. 7. s'>- E lat. 49. 49. N. Ri'Doi.Kvvi RD, a llrong lown of Ger- many, in Cirnita, with an a./h::v, (eatcd on the river •'iurck, in a country fertile in ij'io.l v/ine, 4; mil.s S. E. of Laubach. l.-n. I,?, ic'. E. lit. .■/„ S. N. Ri'i KAi", :i town of France, in the department of Upper Rhino and late pr.Ainee of Alfac;, feited on the river Rotbach, fcvtn miles ii. of Colni.ir, and 17 N. W. of B-ifle. Lon. 7. 1-. E. lat. 47. 58-. N. P,.vrFK(\ a tiwn of France, in the de- partment of Ciuirtnre and late province of An^'o'.tniois, feated on the rivuJct Anclie, 24 miles N. of Anj^oulrma. RL';nv, a larj'c town of Warwick- fiiirc, with a mtrket on Sarurdiv, and a famous freelcho j|. It is 1 1 miles S. v.. of Covenny, and 85 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 13. U'. lat. 51. 24- N. Rloiky, a town of Stifr.)rdfliire, with a I'tiull market on Tueiday, feateA ,.'4;iiav^5"Sli.'#i':hS*J5.»- U!Ve R U P on the river Trent, f-x iviUs N. W. of LichikUi, a„d .z6 N. n . ot London. LoM. I.4H- W. Ut. 5i.57>*- . R.'OiN, an iflinti of the Biltic, on the caall of romeiJiii:i, oppotuc Stral- fund, alH.ut 23 mu.'i in length, and > S in breaJth. Ii is Orong both by art and nature, abounds in corn and cstUc, and belones to .wedcn. Tl>e clucf town is Bfigcn. Lon. 14. 40- '^- '^'^- 5-^- *^kuGF.NWAl.D, a hancirnme lown of Gcimaiu', in Pomerania, the chief place cf the duchy of Wendcn, with a hand R U S miles S. W. of Antwerp, and ti N. F/. of Ghent. Lnn. 4- *3- ^- *"• 5'- 7.N. . . RuPKKT, FoiJT, afnrtinN. America, bcioniiint- to ihc HuJlon's B.iy coaipimy. fcaitd on the E. fide of the bottom of HudCon's Bay. Lon. So. o. W. lat. 51. Rui'iv, or Rai'TN, a town of Gcrma- nv, in the marquifatc of Bpnidtnburg, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is divided into the Old and the New. The Old was nothing but an ancient cattle, well furnifljed ; the late king of t^S£' . ^^::z^^ ^'■^rl^Jri-i^fSl PrulTn, and is feated on the nver Wiper, cielit imles from the Baltic, and 35 ^- ^• of Colberg. Lon. 16. 17. E. lat. 54. kuMFORD, a town in F.ffex, with a !ari?e market for hogs on Tuefday, and for corn on VVednefday. It is a hamlet to there. New Rupin u feated on a lake, and become a confiderable place of trade, with a miiiiifaftnrv of cloth. It is aha noted for brewers, and is 31; miles N, W. of Berhn. Lon. 13- <>• £• lat. 53. 3.N. RvREMOSDE, a handfomc, populous. the V^r''"/' ^ r., _i_.,c„_,i .„j ., P N f;,.tdcrand. with a biihop s fee. It lut- Guelderland, with a biihop's fee. It fuf fered greatly by fire in i65;;, and has been taken and retaken feveral limes; particu- larly in 179.?, by the French, who were obliged to evacuate it foon after. It ia ftated near the confluence of the rivers Maete and Roer, and belongs to the houle ^; Auftria. It is li miles S. of Venlo, and 70 N. E. of Mechlin. Lon. 5. 50. E. 3. p.. lau 4i- !)"• •''• . r 1 1>J V T>,,«.>jrv nr Rhyney, a nver or lat. 51. 0. ln. , . «r "R^^r.V t i. rHamplhir., with ,1» E/b. .he li of J.p.«, »<1 »" f W. S. VV. of Chelmsford, and ii E. N E.'of London. Lon. o. 13. E. lat. 51. 36. N. . „ Rumilly, a handfomc town of Savoy, feated en an elevated plain, at the con- fluence of the rivers Serain and Nepha, five miles from Annecv The French demolilhed the fortifications ..- '630. Lon- 6. 10. E. lat. 45- S<'- ^ bva'mavor, fix aldermen, 11 burgefles, a townclork, recorder, and two lerjcants at mace. Here is a manufaftory ot Wal- loons ; and near the town are feveral pa- per and corn-mills. It is eight miles N. rJ. W. of Southampton, and 74 ^'- ^7 S.of London. Lou. i. 3'- W. lat, 51. 2. N. •■'= RuNNYMEAD, a celebrated mead, nearEgham in Surry, where king John Black' Sea. There were tiiree couniru', that fwd the name of Rulfia, namely, ' Red Ruilia, which fee ; White lliilii.i, which comprehends Lithuania ; and B.ack Ruflia, which comprehends the govern- ments of Kaluga, Mol'cow, Tula, Reian, Volodimir, and Yarollaf; and hence hei imperial majefty takes the title of emprcfo of all the RulJias. This empire, exclr.- five of the late aciiviruions from the ;:^S&rto%nMS^^C-t^.'d T:r^a;:dfr:;;n P;i;,;d CSeeP^..KO) Sich «r. generally attended by their ma- ^^:^^J:^^^^%^ZJZ t itftics and the ro'^l family. . RirTEL,- a river of tVie Auftrian Ne- therUnds, being the Neckar, fo called 8*ter its coftrtuencc wuh the Demer. It tuns from tt. to W. and falls into the ■ Schtld at Rupelmonde. ' . „. Rui-ELMONDfc, a town of Auftnan Flanders, leated oil the river Sche d, op Frozen Ocean, the Black Sea, and the Cafpiait Sea. There are alib five ar-c rivers, namely, the Dnieper, Vplga, Uou, Duna or Dwina, and Oby. A couotryof fuch vaft extent muft lie in dilfer.ent ch- mates, and tne foil muft be as diftercnt. The m;)ll fertile part is near the frontiers of Poland; infomUch that the inhabitants ^S; SSS,r ^^^.eijfc „.-i;u':;t;,piyi.ir »i,..w.;«;^ RU S ' \ of Antwerp, and ii N. n. Lmi. 4. li- li- l«- 5'- , Foi!T, a fort in N. America. , ihe HuJlbn's B;iy Cdaipiiny. he E. fule of the bottom i-f ay. Lon. So. o. W. lat. 51. nr Rai'TN, a town of Gcrma- njarquifate of Dr-nidenburi;, of a duciiy of the I'ainc name d into the Old and the New. was nothing but an ancient 1 furnifljeJ ; the late king of fore his father's death, rtfidinij w Rupin ib feared on a lake, ; a confiderable place of trade, .iiufaitnrv of cloth. It is alfo brewer!,, and is 31; miles N, rlin. Lon. 13. <>. E. lat. 53. lOSDE, a handfomc, populous, ; town of the Netiierlands, in id, with a bifliop's fee. It fuf- tly by fire in 1665, and has been retaken feveral limes; particu- 79,, by the French, who were ) evacuate it foon after. It is ir the confluence of the river;. d Roer, and belongs to the houfe a. It is li miles S. of Venlo, . E. of Mechlin. Lon. 5. 50. E. •^- . , • AT A, a large empire, partly in Alia, y; in Europe; bounded on the N. roztn Ocean ; nn the S. by Great the Cafpian Sea, and Perfia ; on V the fca of Japan, and on the iwedcn, Poland, and part of tht :a. There were three counu'n.-. 1 the name of Ruifia, namtlv, • iUa, which fee ; White Ruli.a, imprehends Lithuania ; and B.ack kvhich comprehends the goveni- ■ Kahiga, Mol'cow, Tula, Rcian, rr, and Yaroll;if; and hence hei majefty takes the title of eniprcf. le Ruffias. This empire, excli:- the late aciiviiruions from the and from Poland (See Poland) likened to a fuuare, whofe luki o miles each. The leas of RuHu e Baltic, the White Sea, tlic Ocean, the Black Sea, and the Sea. There are alfo five lar^c namely, the Dnieper, Vplga, I5oii, ,r Dwin,i, and Oby. A country of ft extent muft lie In dilfer.ent ch- and trie foil muft K',^' different. :)lt fcriile part i* near the frontiers lud; infomUch that the inhabitants .e to fupplv tlveir neighbours with ., , ■ • -'d " ■ ' coi-n: R U S rf thcfe tVcre wrrc 4cr;,? in ATiltTiw ohI/. Fc.iiierlv. he \^hs tliuiij',Ut a li.tin-J nviB who ciHiid rc.id xad write ; hut I'cttr the Great undcitcKik to iiwuiducc the srti liiid fcitncts; and, ill 172.^, the liiil iniix trijtv \\.r ci'ivir.ii'.:d with tiic tuliom yiid ihi; wiiii of the couf. Th.dc who retain I'lnr beards, rtiam likcwiCt the nn- C'.f.n ilrcf. ; tli; loni; Cw.ui'llini; ciT, titluT of Ikins, or of cdrirli^cliii) lined with ftms, in winrtr, and in Uimmur, t( ciuth otdy. /iboi.- fhcir !r.i.:j!c they have a hiU of any colour ; bur what they nioftiy alfe(?-, is grcL-n or yellow. They wear trowfers inlU;:J of breeches and ftockitigs; ih-.-ir brfk. P.nzH, TaiTib'if, V^rnnctz, Kurfk, limbii are, befides, wrapped in miiny folds Nf /ogorod-Stverfkni, Tchernigof, Kiof, of wnollvn fluffs to kfep ;l;tm warm. anJ arknf, Catharincnflaf, Caucafus, Sa R U S corn: the N. psrt is not only more cold, but very in.ii;hv, and overrun with fo- rtfts, inhabited ehittly by wild bt.ids. Btfule domel*ic animalf:, there urc wiUI beeves, raindccr, marten, white and black foxts, wc;iftl?, ermines, ar.d fnblt"., whnfc (kins make the bell furs in the world. Tho'c that hunt thel'e creatures for ineir fliins, iile iv (irearms. fur fear of I'jii.iling tti.-ii. Fhiy hid very' few vines before l'i::ats. Tiieir iliirfs art fiidiioiied as women's ; their necks ex- pofcd V. ii-..3 cold, an..! as hiird and imptiie- trabic, f.'nm this p"- itiee, as a piece of adamiiii:. Ctovcrnment cmtinuc t,j cxtrt Lvtry ner.e to compel th.- Iiibjef>s to I'dopt the (Jerman diefs. I"he cIcrsT alune exc.pted. none can procure any place, any fav lur from court, upon otlisr n great veneration; howevei, thev take condiii.jn than banilhing the Allatic laeep a great deal of Inntf, made of the tobacco brought ficiin the Ukraine. They were formerly the moft ignorant, brutiili people in the world, and many of them arc now little better. Formerly no Ruffians were lien in other countries, and they feldoni or never feiit ainbafladors to foreign fkin robes, i in; worn -out vetcr.m retires with a penfion. upon the exprel's terms of never a^^iin al!'um;nL: the hibit of his fa- thers. LJut f>. jca'oiifly attached are the multitude to former tn:inners, and fo ho- nourably do tl'.ey efteem theii, that a Rudian dreffjo in his beaid and gown. courts; but nosv tlie gentlemen are more tells you by his looks rlut he has not pro- pulitc, and ftudy the interells of diiferent Itituted the memory of hu anccftors. Ttie nations. Their armies are always very dcels ot the w()ii,eu is the reverfc of the numerous. They had no men of war, nor rnen, both in iilhion and colour; every merchant fliips, before ttie reign of Peter part of it he;:ig as lliort and tight as de- the Great; but, in the prcfent reign, ccncy will allow, and very gaudy. It is powerful Rulfian lijuadrons have appear, cxacfly the fame with that of the Hush- ed, not only in the lialtie, but in the Black land women in Scotland: both have tiie Sea, and in the Mediterranean. They l^ort jacket, the (>ripe H .r'^-^^^**s SVii«»S-<*>^»iS*B9WI«*aiP*w-*i^3ai.:-r-iS!'&-*»«^^ J r RUT Rowing filk; the jacket ar.d pcttK^ a« of mua.n, or other tme itufts ; nr. the 3„d is < .changed for a filk -r 1at,n cloak 1^ the cold leafon, Imtd with fur. 1 he Wer c!.irs of fciales wc;.r velvet bao s. The drtl. of the higher ranks ..after the v,,e a ccwcriug ot lur fix months ot the Uar Thus enuipoed, the prince ami the Sati^nt are hurled io their chailcs and Tcdges, through tlte dreary facyth.an win- tcr The iovcreians of Ruliia are ahfo- Imi. Tnev were formerly c/Ucd Grand- Du*cs,\vh>ch.shulthctit!. ofth.h..r tpparent. Tucy aftervyard ^'^"'"••^d/he titk of czar, and, m the icqac, that of emperor. The r.t.ves pronounce the *voU czar, hke /^.«r, or ztuu, and this, bv cuiruption. from Caslar, emperor ; frU Ibmc fancied relation to the Roman cmDerors : on account of which they alio UartheeWe as a lymbolof their empire. The inft who bore tiie title of czar was Bafil, fon of Barihd.s. who freed his country from its lubjcdion to tlu Tartars, about the year 1 4:o> , „^^ * Russia, KtD, or Little. See '^lUifcHKbTER, a village inNorthum- 1. 1 n^ N W of ChoUcrton. It is the ^S'aU^f^t; Romans. Severus- wait runs on the middle ot the t- '"ampart «d Adrian's vallum partes about the difta.ce of a chain to the S. "f K. This fort hAS utcn very cor.liderat... ,„d the ruins of it, at pr elent, are re- "SmN, a town of Denhighfl.ire ^.thamarketonM.nday it is leaied Ta a vale, on the river Cluyd, and had a llronir caltle, n.w in rums. It is well Lhabited, has a large holpital, h tree- fchool, and the beft m.irkc: in th. vale. it u',5 miles S. W. ot Holywell, and so6 N. W. of London. Loa. 3- 30. W. *"k\^LA^DSHiaK, the imalia county of Er.gla"d. .5 ^^^'^ m Icugtn and . t t breadth. It is fupp.fcd to havo , - ceived its name from tue red colour of [he Voil. which, in fo^e parts, is a lo.-t ot ?^dle,'fta.ningtlieikece.ottnci.e=^ It is bounded on the \v\ and .>. .V_ nv L;ceftcrihire;ontlu.^.3ndNi.^byLI«- • cokihire; and on the S. and h. ii..^J 1 Shafnptonfhire. ltcomains4ip'f>. W. of London. Lon. o. 15. W. lat.- ;x. "kv'swiCK, a larctc viilaue in HoMr.nd, faated between the Hague and Dtlft, 1 .u. r,»'i,i/-p (if fVraiu'B has a ralace. where the prSnce ot Orange has a palace. It is ECtnarkaMe fof a treat^^ concluded here in 16^7, between England, Germany, Holland, Pjancc. and Sf«in. Lon. 4. i4- E. lat, si"i-N.- ;- ■ R2E07tCA, a town of Litluianifi, ca. pitil of a terntory of d.e ftrni* name. It ii fcated at th« confluence of the ri- vrs \Vveduwck and Dnieper, \tt, miles Tn. of Kiow. Loa. 51. 5- ^- ^^- ■5°' ^''•^- S A ADAH, R Z B vo, a town of the kiHg- ., rivc miles from B.iri. .■poi'R, a ritv I'f t'le HinHtjoitan, in Onfla, and line of the Weitefn Mah- Lun. «t. 3A. K. iat. tt. ouulou^ town of the king- iis, with a biiliop's fee, 16 Uiri. Lon. 16. 44- E. Ut. LflPH, a lnl7.ICA, a town of Litluiania, c:t» a tervitory of tl.c ftim* name, ated at th« confluence of the ri- vtiluwck and Dnieper, i»jf miles Kiow. Lofl. Ji. 5. £• '«• ■5°- SA.^DAH, SAB S. SAAPAMt a ftrong and popiiluut town _ of Arabia Felix, in Afia, where they make the Turkey leather. It is iSo miles N. E. of Almacharana. Lon. 44. 5;. E. Iat. 17. $0. N. Saba, a pleal'ant and fertile iflaod of the \V, Indies, about ii miles in circumfe- rence, inhabited by a few Dutch families from the illand of^ St. Euilatia, almoll all lhoemaker». It Utt a little to the W. of St. Chriftopher's. Lou. 6j. 12. W. Iat. • 7.39.N. SABA,atown of Perfia, in Irac-Agemi, on the road from Sultania to Kom. Lon. 52. i;. E. Iat. 34.56. N. Sabia, a cape of Africa, in the king- dom of Tripoli, and at the bottom of the gulf of Sidra. Sabina, a province of Italy, in the territory of the Church; bounded on the N. by Umbria ; on the E. by Naples ; nu the S. by the Campagna of Rome ; and on the Wt by the patrimony of St. Peter. It is at miles in length and almoft as much in breadth, watered by fcveral fmall rivers, and abounding in oil and wine. Magliano is the capital. Sabioncexlo, a pcninfuia of Dal- matia, in the republic of Ragul'a, about 75 miles in circumference. It I'es to the S. of the gulf of Narcnta, and to the N. nf a channel which fcparates the iHands of Curzola and Melida. Sabiomnf.tta, a ftrong town of Ita- ly, on the confines of Mantua and Cre- mona, capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a cadle. Ic belongs to the huufe of AuAria, and is 20 miles E. of Cremona. Lon. i'' 30. £. Iat. 45. O.N. Sab Li;, an ancient and populous town of Pranc«| in the department of Sarrc and late province of Alainc, with a hand- fome caitle. In the neighbourhood are fome quarries of black marble. Sable is fcatcd on the river Sarte, 25 miles N. E- of Angers, and i); S, W. of Paris. Lon. o. 24. W. Iat. 47. 50. N. Sabi-F, Cak, the moft fouthsrly point of Nova Scotia, in N. Amerk», near which is a fine cod-tifhery. Lon. 65. 34. W. Iat. 4j. 24. N. * SAiiLiis dOlonne, Lit, a com- mercial town of France, in the depart- tr.ent of Vendt-e and iate province of Foitou, with a port capable of containing veflels of 150 toos. it is at miles W. vfLuqon. SABLEtTA.v, a prmince cf Perfik, -(^SlifXVc SAX bounded on the N. by CanHahar ; on the E. by Hindooftan ; on tlie S. by Mnt il'.e fineft and ini.ll fertile provinces in Trimte, aboandini,' in all f>:rts of corn and fruits ; and the bed lalt in Europe is made here. It now forms, witli the late province^^ of Aunis, the dtpavtmtnt of L'.wer CUa- rente. Sal, :in ifland of Af.ica, 01, c of the Cape de Verds. It lies to the K. of St. Mieolas, and is 41 miles in circunitcr- ence. It ha? its name fiom the great quantity of fait m-.ide here frnm the lea- waier, which overflcnvs part '' ff" frce- lione. Salamanca it, adorni d witli iin^r.ih- cent churches, a lan;e public !(pnro, tine fountains, and every thini; clCe that Ciu contribute to the he-mty and ecnim'x'.ii-iuf- uels of ii citv. There were foinicrly -ooo ftudents,' when the Spimlh monar- chy was in a llov;ri{hin,>; ^conditio:' ; and there arc now upward of jcoo, tru'.n all parts of the kiividvm. The fcholars arc iid clothed like pnei's, having their heads fhaved, and capj thereon. The cathe- Jral is one of tne h:>ndrcmell in Spain, iitid has a fine ftteple. There .ue alio fexeral tii'x convents, with churches bc- lo.igi;ig [uAhcni, aJorned with im.ii:c5. louie with t\;ri.ius ;,ii^'ues. It is leaied partly in a piiin, and paftly on hdh, and IS furrouuth.d by a wall. It is accounr- td one of tnc bel^ citks ir t'.ie kini;doi_n. The rivur Tormes, which \^a.[hei its u'dls, has a bridtyj '^^er it 300 paces lWVi;> ^'"^^' ^y ^''* •'^^"'^'''■■^' ^^''iti'O'dt — S A i. thr Wilis ts a fine Ronwin ciufcway. If is 37 miles S. I'l. of Miranda, 105 S, ol Leon, and «« N. W. of Madrid. Lcn. 5. ifi. W Lit. 41. S.N. Sal^^manca, an inconliderable to-rii of N. America, in Mexico, and in the pr ivince of Yucatan, 140 nrilej S. of C'ampeachy. Lon. bg. 5S. W. lat. 17. 5i-N. Salancijks, a towii cf Savoy, ni Upper Faucigny, on a brook which fa'.h into the river Arve, vz miles N. ol Ciufes. Salanakem, atown of SciavoTiia,,re- maikal'le for a battle gained by the print: of Baden, over the Turks, in ifi9i. It !■; feaied on the Danube, io miles N. W. ct r.eigradc, and 2^ S. E. of rcterwaradin. Lon. 20. 5 3- P" I^t. 45. 14. N. ' SALCi,v,a forett in the S. psti of N >rthamptonfi>irc. Salkm-, a feaport of N. America, in the ftate of M^'ltachufets, and capital - f the county of EFex. It is the oldtlt town in the ftate, except Plymouth, which was fettled eight years before, in ^(^1Q. Although its harbour is infcn.r to tli.at of Bolion, it carries on a larx f.Mtign trade. It is is miles N. E. of B Ton. Lon. :i. 30- "^^'- '''t- -y- '^•^■j- S A I, I'. UNO, an ancient antl eoufiderabl- town of the kinc,do:n of Naples, capital of, the Uith'.r Principato, with an archlu- Ihop's fee, a CHtilc, r. harbour, and a iini- verlity, principally for medicine. It is feated at the bottom <-f a bay of the fame name, 27 mi! s S. E. cf Naples. Lon. 14. 53. E. lat. 4.. 3C.N. ^ Sai.i KS, a town of France, in the de- partment of the Cantal and late province of Auv.ri;ne, feated ainons^ tlie moun- tains, nine miles N. of AuiiUat-- Sa 1,11 ill. R<;, u town .-v?., at the foot of a myunt:'.lii. eiiiht nillti. K. of Vittorii. and tS S. \C of Bilboa. Lon. 2. 54- W. 'at- 43- 5. N. . . ,.- SAL. a fine Rnni.'.n ciiifeway. Jf S. ]L (if Miranda, 105 S, oi i« N. W. of Madrid. Lcn. .It. 41. 8. N. NCA, ;in inconllckrabie to'J?'i tricii, in Mexico, and in the Yucatan, 140 rnilej S. of Lon. S9. 5S. W. iat. 17. Iii'.s, a town cf Ssvoy, in cigny, on a brook which fall; iver Ar\c, ii luilcs N. i>f KKM, ,1 town of Sclavonin,. re- r a battle gained by tlic piinc : cr tiifi Turks, in ifi9t. It k t- Danube, ic miles N. \V. r,t' and 1'-, S. E. of Pttcrwaradin. ^ K. ht. 45. 14. N. IV, a forcil in the S. prit; of tonfliirc. a ftapnrt of N. America, in f ^t.'.ll'achul'tts, and capital 'f y of Efcx. It is the oldtft the ftatc, except Piyniouth, s fettled tight yt'ars before, i:i th'"'Ugh itb harbour is infcri.r Borton, it carries on a lai x rade. It is li miles N. E. i.f Lcn. 71. xo. W. iat. 4^. 16. h. NO, an ancient and coufiderabl-- le kini^do^n of Naples, capital of .r Principati', with an archbi- , a caHic, a harbotir, and a uni- jriricipaily for medicine. It is the botti-m of a bay of the n.., :7 mi! "i S, E. of Naplc--. 5 J. E. Iat. 4 ). ?e. N. . s, a town of France, in the dt- of the C.'antrtl and late province rgne, fcattd ainDna; tlic inoun- e miles N. of -'Vimllat'. iKRG, a town of Swciaii\, in BiilMV, S. E. of Bilboa. It i* leated oil l>.:vr!, at the foot of a niuunii:liii iltb K. of A'ittoria. and zS S. Iboa. Lon. 2. 54. W. Iat. 43. • 1 !..■.(■ A i. I ^ i» S A L SAL • SaMVI, one of the I.ipari IdanJ';. in Fez, ■mhh a liirbour and fevrril f.jrt:;. the Mediterranean. It conlii'ts of t\v.) high Its harb 'ur is one of the belt ui t'le mountains i"incd togtth'.r at the bafe, country, and yet, on accoinit of a bac and lits N. VV. of the illaiid of Lip.iri. that lies acrofs it. fliips oF the fmalleil SamNs, a confiderable lown ot' France, draui;lit are forced to ur.load, and take in the department of Jura and late pro- out tiieir guns, before thev riu pet into vince of Kranche Cointe, \»ith a flrong it. There are docks to Iniild Hups, but fort. It is remarkable for its fah-woiks, they are hardly ever ufed, for want of ti\e largeft of wiiich is in tuc middle 6f the ikill and materials. It is a lar^e pl.tcc, t.Hvn, and is like a lirtic f jrtified place, divided into tlie Old and New T'wivi, by- It is feat J in a fertile valley, on a Itrenm the river Gucro. It has loag been famou* that has its fource in the town, 20 miles for its pirates, which make prizes of all S. of Bcfanijon, and 200 S. E. of Paris. Chriftiin (liips that come iT their way, Lon. 6. 5. E. Iat. 46. 56, N. c.tcept there is a treaty to the contrary. Salisbury, or Ni:w S arum, a large It is 100 miles W. of Fez, and ijo S. and ancient city of Wiltlhire, of which it of Gibraliar. Lon. 6. 31. W. Iat. 34. i> the capi'al, with two markets, on Tuef- o, N. (lay and Saturday, and a bilhop's (ee. It Satm, a town of France, in the de- ls iituated in a chalky foil, is almoll fur- partmcnt of ." .eurtiie ani late province riunded by the Avon a-id its contribu. of Lorrain, widi a caftli; ; feareil at the tory rivers, an(' is rendered particularly I'lurc- of the river Sar, 20 mdes \V. o£ clean by a fniail Iheini flo.vin^^ through Sf'ilburg, and ^3 S. E. of Nanci. Lon. every ftrcet. Ir has a tine cathedral. 7. ic. V.. Ia\ 4S. 54. N. crowned by a fpire, the loftieil in the Sai.o, an iiiipirtant town of Italy, in ihe rtpabiic of V'^nice, and in the Brtfcia- no ; Icated on the lake Dgnpa, 17 miles N. E. of Brtlcia. L^n. 10. 49. E. kin;;• The principal niurchandife i$ filk. It is ftated at the bottom of a l^ulf uf tlic fame name, partly on the top, and ^nly on the fide of a hili, near the jrivxr Vardar, no miles N. of Lantla, and 270 W. of Conliuuliuuplu. Lou. it. 53. £. lat. 40. 41. N. Salop. See Shkofshirf. Salsbs, a ftrong caftlc of France, in the dtpartment of the Eaftern Pyrtuecs and late province of RouHillon. It is fcat- cd pn a lake of the fame name, among Hioinuitis, to miles N. of Perpignan. Lon. 3.0. £. lat. 41. t^. SALkEXTK, an illand of the Dcccan of Hindooftan, lying off the coaft of Concan, a little to the N. of Bombay. It is about »5 miles lc]u;ire, and is fertile in rice, fruits, and fugar-canes. It has fubtcr- raneous temples cut out of the live rock, in the manner of thofc of^ Elephanta. They have no trade, txccpt in dried Afli, becaufe it is fo near Bombay, being only leparatcd from it by a channel half a mile over, which is fordable at low water. In 1773, the Englilh conquered it frwn the IWahrattas ; have retained poffcflion of it ever fuice ; and, as Bombay poffeflTed n4H territory beyond the extent of the fmall Hland on which it is fuuaied, and confe- quently depended on foreign fupplies for its fubJiftence, they have found Salfette a very valuable acquifition. 8ALSoNNA,a town of Spain, in Ca- talonia, fcatcd on the river Lobrcgat, 44 miks N. W. of Barcelona. Lon. 1. 38. E. lat. 41. s*. V. Salt A, a town of S. America, in Tucuman, which carries on a grtat trade in corn, -wine, and cattli. It belongs to tlie Spaniards, and is 37 miles from Ellre- tou Lon. 65. 46. W. lat. 16. 50. S. Sai.tash, a horough cf Cornwall, with a market on Snturd.iy. It is fcated on the defcent of a fteop hill, and confifts of three ftrtets, which are walhed clean, by every fliowcr of rain. It has foma trade) efpecially in m.ilt,and is fix miles N. W.- of Plyijicuth, and no W. by S.> of Lon- don. Lon.' •. i7- W- '«• 50- J-. N. * Sait Hill, -a Village of Bvrks, re- xnaikable for its fine iituation and elegant inns, Jt »8 'f<^f U on the road to Butb, a I miUs W.ot London. , SAt-T'^A, .8 to\yft .9/ permany„ i^ the SAL circle of Lower Sixony and duehy of MigdcbuTg. It takes its name from the fait- pits, and is it miles from Magdeburg. Lon. 1 1. 54. E. lat. 51. 3. N. Saltzbl'RO, a large, ancient, and ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of B.ivaria, capital of a territory of the fame name, belonging to the archbidiop of Saltz. burg, who is a fovereii:n prince. It it populous, well-built, and defended by a caftle, featcd on a mountain. The arich- bilhop's palace, A fuperb ftru^ture, has a magnificent garden, adorned with flaruc;, and planted with uncommon trees. Thu is his fummer houfc, but that for winter contains 163 apartments, all richly funiifh- ed, without reckoning the halls and galle- ries. The houf'cs are five (lories high, but the ftrects narrow. The univcrlity dep'^nds on the Renedi^ine monks. In 1737, a college was built here for young gentlemen. The cathedral is very fine, and contains five organs. Near Salczburg, are fomo very productive falt-works. It is feated on both fides the river Saltz. 4; miles S. by W. of Pafew, and 155 W. by S. of Vienna. Lonl 13. 5. E. lat. 47. 37- N. Saltzburg, the archbifliopric of, a country of Germany, bounded on the N. by Bavaria; on the E. by Auftria; on the S. by Carinthia and the Tirol ; on the W. by the Tirol and bv Bavaria. Jt is a mountainous country, but pretty fer- tile, and contains mines of copper, filver, PRd iron. It is about 70 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. The principal toun is of the fame name. Salvador, .1 town of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo, with a large palace, where the king and a Portugucfe biflinp refide. It is feated on a craggy motintain. Lon. 1;. 3g. E. lat. 5. o. S. Salvador, St. a large, populous, and h»ndfome town of S. America, in Brafil, with an archbifliop'* fee, and feveral forts. It is the refidence of the viceroy. and contains feveral religious houfes. The iohabitants an: voluptuous, proud, igno- rant, and fuperftitioui, but carry oii a con- flderablc trade. Tte houfes are two or three ftorics high, and the walls thick and ftrong," being bulk of ftone. The princi- pal ftreets are large, and there arc many gardens, full of a great variety of fruit- trees, herbs, and flowers. The chief com- m«)ditie$ are fugar, tobacco, woad for diers, raw hides, tallow, and trainoil. It is fcated on an eminence, on the bay of All-Saints, and the- harbour is juflr below it. Lon. 40. lO. W. lat. 13. 30. S. Salvages, fmall uninhabited iftands, lying between^he Canary iflands and Ma- .-..,4Ui4.. Xai- SAL ^ower Sixotiy and duehy of ;. It takes its name from the id is It miles from Magdeburg. E. lat. t,t. 3. N. lURO, a large, ancient, and n of Germany, in the circle of ,pital of a territory of the fame nging to the archbifliop of S»ltz. is a fovereii:n prince. It u wcll-builr, and defended by n cd on a mountain. The arch- alace, a fiiperb ttrii^ture, has a It garden, adorned with ftarucs d with uncommon trees. Thi? mer houfc but th.nt for winter 63 apartments, all richly funiifh- it reckoning the halls and gallc- houics are five (lories high, Greets narrow. The univtrlity )n the Renedi£line monks. In loUege was built here for young The cathedral is very fine, ins five organs. Near Saltzburg, very produftive falt-works. It on both fides the river Salt/, 45 by W. of Paffttw, and 155 W. Vienna. Lonl 13. 5. E. lat. 47. BURG, the archbiflioprie of, a of Germany, bounded on the avaria ; on the E. by Auftria; . by Carinthia and the Tirol ; on )y the Tirol and bv Bavaria. It mtainous codmtry, f>ut pretty fer- contains mines of copper, filver. It is about 70 miles in length, in breadth. The principal town fame name. APOR,atown of Africa, in the I of Congo, with a large palace, he king and a Portugucfe bifhnp It is fe«ed on a craggy mmmtain. . 30. E. lat. 5. o. S. 'A DOR, St. a large, populous, and le town of S. America, in Brafil, II archbifliop'* fee, and feveral It is the refidence of the viceroy. tains feveral religious houfes. The nts arc voluptuous, proud, igno- id fuperftitioui, but carry oii a con- c trade. The houfes are two or orics high, and the walls thick and being bulk of ftone. The princi- ets are large, "and there arc many ., full of a great variety rf fruit- erbs, and flowers. The chief com- « arc fugar, tobacco, woad for aw hides, tallow, and trainoil. It id on an eminence, on the bay of ints, and the harbour is juftrTielow m, 4c. 10. W. lat. 13. JO. S. vac;es, fmall uninhabited ittands, e:\veeatheCanary iflnnds and Ma- »lt>ir.->. SAM Vf: t-U i«\n, vr Inguet N. of I'oint Nago in Te- nerilT. Lon. 15. 54. W. lat. 30. o. N. SaLVaTEKRa, a town ot Portugal, in Eftramadura, with a royal palace, Icat- td on the river Tajo. Lon. 7, 51. W. lat. 38. 59- N. Salv atEhra, a ilt'ont; town ofPortu* gal, in Beira. It was taken by the French in i704tand by fhc allies in 170^ It it I'eatcd on the river Elia, 11 mile:. N. E. of Alcantara. Lon. 6. 14. VV. lai. 31). 30. N. SalvatIkrra, a town of Spain, in Galicia, fcatcd on the river Minho, ^6 miUa S. af Cumpoftclla. Lon. b. iti. W. lac. 41. 4.'^.N. Salvatierra, a town of Spain, in Blfcay, feated at the foot of Mount St. Adrian, 30 miles £. of Vittoria. Lon. a. j;. VV. lat. 42. 54. N. S^LVZio, a town and caftle of Pied- munc, capital of a marquifatc of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee. The cathe- dral is '.i^ry magnificent and rich. It is feated ' in an eminence, at the foot of the Alps, near the riKcr Po, it milt-s S. by W. of Turin, and.; 15 S. E. of PigncroL Lon. 7. 37. E. lat. 44. 44. N. Samakami), a populous town of Afia, on the cailern part of the idand of Java. Samarcako, or Sarmacanu, an ancient, large, handfomc, and populous town of Alia, capital of a kingdom of the lame name, in the country of i\^ Ulbeck Tartars, with a caftk, and a fa; muus umverlity. The houfes are b uf flone, and it was the feat of Tamei lane the Orcp.t. It carries un a trade m excellent fruits, and is plcafantly I'catcd near the river Sogdc, which runs into the river Amo, tjo miles E. by N. of Bukhara, Lon. 69. o. £, lat. 39. ;c. N. Sa.mar.!, or TakdaY, an iiland of Afia, in the Indian Ocean, and one of the Philippines, to the S. £. of Luzon, from vvhicli it is feparated by a Arait. It is about 310 miles in circuinfereoce, and is full of craggy mountains, among which are fertile vaUits. Samba Li,AS, feveral iflandi of Ame- rica, on the N. coail of the ifthmiu ^f Darien. None of them ar^ mhabicud, but they are claimed by the Spaniards. Sambke, a river of the NcthcrlaiiJs, which has in fource in Picardy, and palf- iflg by Lapdrccy, Maubeuge, Thun, and Charlerovt falls into the Macli: at Namur. Sammatan, a town of France, in the department of Eiire and late province of CoinminHes, formerliy a llrong place, and it hat (lilTa very ttrong caftle, ftanding on a mountaia. It is leated in a valLy, uit •he river Save, five miles N, of L'jiiibci. Un. I. o.E. lat. 43, 34. N. SAM SAMOttiTiA, a prdvlnee of Poland, bounded on the N. by Courland ; on the E. by Litiiuania ; on the W. bv the Hil- tic Sea ; p.nd on the S. by Wtftern Pruf- fia. It is about 171; miles in length, aiid 125 in hrtidth , and is full of forcfts and very high mountains, which feed a great number of cattle, and produce a large quantity of honey. There are alfo very active horfes, in high eftctm. The inha- bitants are clownilh, but honeft ; and they will not allow a y(jung woman to go out in the nijiht, without a candle in her hand, and two bclis at her girdle. Rofienne and \V'ormi:i are the principal plarcs. S\Mos, an iiland of the Archipelago, on the cuaft of Natolia ; bounded on tlic N. by a gulf of the fame name ; on the S. by the gulf of Ephefiis ; and on the E. by the irtc of Nicaria. It is about 3* miles in length, and ti in breadth, and ex- tremely fertile. The inhabitann live at their cafe, their taxation by the Turks be- ing moderate. They are rlotlied in the Turkift manner, except a red coif, and their hair hanging dmvn their backs, with plates of filver, or block tin, faftcoed to the ends. They have rtuuiidance of me- lons, lentils, kidnevbeans, and excellent mufcadinc grapes. Tl.cy have white figs, four times as big as the common fort, but not fo well tailed. I'hiir filk it very fine, and the honey and wax admirable. This "and abounds with partridges, wooc'cicks, lipes, thrulhcs, woodpigcons, turtit doves, Mrheatears, and exxcller.t poultry. They have iron mine-s, and moft of the foil is of a nifty colour; they have alfo ercry ftonc^ and all the mountaiii,s are of white marble. The inhabitants are aDO'.u i;,aoo, who arc almoft ail Greeks, and the monk', and prielh occupy mod imrt of the ifland. They huvc ;i bilhop who rcfiiics at Corea. S.\.M()THf'. ,\ciA, now called Saman« DRAiHi, A (it, ail ifland of the Archipela- go, between Stalinieni and the coaft of Romanfa, ami to the N. of the ifle of firi- bro. it is 17 miles in circumference, and pretty well cultivated. Lon. 15. 17. K. lat. 40. 34. N. Samoyedks, The, once a numerous and powerful nation of Tartary, in Afia. They are now llran^eiv dil'pcrfcd ; fomc rtf them are fmihil in (mall and detached bodies among the mountains which lie to the VV. of Lake Baikal ; others arc fup- poft'd to be within the Chintlc frontiers ; others are Icaitered among the tIeCtrts, which extend along the trozen Ocean ; and feme nearly as far to the VV. as Arch- anatl. They have no longer the ule of hor1'«4, beraiife the climat*; of their pretent csuntry rcndeit tlv Ir I'ubfifttncc linpof- 1' I) » _ ^ fiuk- : iM S A NT SAN fihie ; b'lt they have f*lll nrefowed the Brrrv, feVed on the rivulet Arpenf, i< Tnaiinaii of a p,, black hiir ; ,i flioit thick neck ; iittle or no beard ; and Ihort and thill legs. Samso, or S>M?oi, an ijland of Dm- iravk, in the B-iltic, on the coalt rf Jut- land, wh»pce it is eirht miles diftant. It IS eight miies lonjr, and threv broac', and is very fcrii]". nnd picarani. Lon. lo. 33. E. lat. ^h. .-. N. Samson', St. a town nf Fiarice, in the dcpcirsriient of Er.re and 1,;£ provinc: of Noriniindy. feattd on the river Rille, five mili-'s troin Pontuudcmet. Sanaa, a large, pom; ous, and hand- ffimc town of Alia, capital of Arabia I'c- }ix, and in Yemen Proper. Its lintation Ihirc, and over all Jlaniirad Downs. Santio. an iflami of Japan, on the U. coaft of Niph'in, with a town of the fa'no name. It is about 87 miles m circuinftrent.. Lnn. i-?(j. JO. P.. lat. ?'■!. 35. N. S A.sr/OMi!'., a ftrong town of Poland, cnpital of a palatinate of the fame nan-i^, with a caftle, ftau-d on a hill, on the riv»f Vifiula, 75 milts E, of Cracow, and 112 S. of Warfa^v, Lon. j:.o. £. lat. 50. it. N. SaniiO.v.ir, tin palatiniite of, cne of the three provinres of LitiJe I'cAitnd. Tho foil is ^•try fertile ; and it has inine'. <>> gold, filver, and copper. rANDtiJAi., a' town of Portugal, in Beira, fiated on the river Coa, ii nuks fro'n Guarda. Sandui.tkt, a town of Aufirian Bra. nt, t'eated on ilie river Schtld, 12 miles N. W. of Antwerp. Lon. 4. n. E. lit. HI. 22. N. SaMjwich, a town 'n Kent, with v.\n js very pha'ant sm. nj; thi; mt.tuTtaii.;;, and marketb, on Wedneldav and Satiinl .v. there are hne orchiirds. It is ,So md'.s N, It is a ciiporation and cinque-port, t'o- E. of Aden. Lon. 41. 3 r. Ii. 'at. 14. iS. N. verned by a luator, and 11 jiuats, ar.J San bach, a town in Chell-.iie, wih a lends two r.ien-.beii to parlianaiit. It I.,!) jrirkct en Thurfdiy, feared on ilie rivtr^tRyce churches, St. demerit's, St. Ptters M'cloek. In the fT:aiktf place an twi»|^nd St. Marv's, and had another called Si. Apjnre 'lone troifcs, nlorncil wii ?ges Jt is jfi miles E. if Clicficr, ai\d 'ifti'N. K. \y. of London. Lon. 2. I'i. W. lat. 53. R.N. SANCi.nuE, a to.vn of» Franrc, in the dcpartmt nt of Ch.-r James's; 'I'his t' wn c-nliits oi" abf-m I ;co houfis, moft of them old, and biiiit with wood, thouirh there arc a few ncu (jnes built with hick and flints. It i; wailed round ; btic the wajls p.;v rauch f'. fi!i: Jjeirv, fcattd on a moiir.tain, mar the ri- ver I>>ire. The wines rrodtictd in its cnvirciii. are rr;:rcily inl-rtor 'o-th.iie if Bnrtrundv. It is ~z mi.es N. W.'cf Nc- vf-r's, and t ;o N. of Pana. Lr^n. J. 59-1'-. - lat. 47. r3. N. «•' Sanci'^n, a ftnnll iflanr' o.'-' Af'.i, on ''.the foa*t of ihe prcivi.nrc of Q^an-toni', in ''.Cnina, afxiut 41 mtirs in circunifevcncf:, t'l^nd fam 'iis for luting the burying-phce of " &f. I ifchCii-Xavicr. Sakcoj.v.'., a town nf Franre, "Itl the ;e proviare of f-ycd, thuiildi fctir of tlie tates art P.andir.i}^. . 'I i;':.; "'as once a town f)\ conli di 1 ,d'. . trade, but it is tr.iich dcrayei.. in accoiii'., of the liver Sf.">iir, on winch it : 'e ;ied-,'hein)? io choked up with (atul, rii to admit .t.nly fmall vcff'tls. iSy rhf c /. cxpotts ccrft, fruits, and garden lecd;, tin pr diirit of th« iiei^liivjurriood. It is 1; 11 iles E cf CiltteiLviry.iand 67 E. bv S. of L-jnduni Lon. i. i^.E. lat. 51. tf)- ^' Sandwich i^ Lands, lorminjc a nr.te- Mirirent ijraiip. Mere among liij if.lt lirc^ veries of cftDr. C'ook,- in the TV. Patili'' ' -dcpaitfiitnt or Cncr and iatc jrrov'.ncc of Occxn. He fo n^nitd thtm ixi liooour J ^■ t— i W l— SAN eA en the rivulet Argent, i^ . of Never'. A, ;tn idiiirf of Scotland, one i.f o, lyini' N. !■.. of tlut tailed /, a flrong town fif Little P.i. palirinate fif Crarr.w. Thue •♦ l;o1i1 and roppi r In it'' terti- li tt,«i\1 ,it the tfvvt of Mount •- milei;S. E.. of Cr.Knw. Lon. I at. 4^. .(}. N. Ksi'Fri, a villnpr in Surry, to L'rovrinn. Hence is a dtlightfiil n the N. to Crovdnn, ;ind on V. I') H rrc'v on the Hill, anil s of Biicl> lurches, Kt. Cl'-'tiunt's, St. Paer\ Mwrv's, and hid another called Si. j; . This t' wii c-nlilts of about oufts, mod of thtiti old, and buiit .'ond, tho'Jirh I here are a few ncu uiit with b'ick and Aims. It u- round i but the wii'ili are much f*. tliiiiii'h four of the eatts art li:| ir . 'i i;'; "'as once it town at conli- trade, but it is much deraytt-, in , nf the river Stour, on winch 1; •■. ■heing io c'.ioktd up vith laral, as li: .only ftiviU vcffelE. iiy rh-r c '.t ; corn, friiit.i, ?,ud gardcii U-tdi, iht t ■«' t^ie n«ii.;li!ii)Ui »')od. It is i! i of CamerLv.iry,'iuid 67 E. bv S. dijiM Lon. I. 2^.E. lat. 51. 19. ."'• lowicii i^ t AM Ds, loriniiu; a niu'- t .;;r3up, Mtre among th.- 1?.!^ ''''^'',' of ifif)t. Cook,' ill the IV. I'hciI!'' , Hc'l'o u|iiT.i.nt1i';, arc gLiur.illy from E. S. E. to N. E. The vi^^ctahle prod ui'.l ions are nearly the lame as thd'c of the other ifiands in thii ocean ; but the t.:rt> rout is here of a fuptrior ipinlity. Tue bre.id frui: trees thrive not in I'uch abund.uiCe as in the ri>h plaiin of Oraheiie, but pro- duce double the c|u;'.ntity of fiuir. -Tb^ fiigar-crines are «f a very uuul'ual lize, funic of (hum mealiiiuit', (.Itveu inches and a quarter in circuuifticrce, anJ having fourtt-tn feet eat^blt'. There is ailb a root of a brown colul.f, li.E.pe>d like a yam, and from to ic pounds in -.veigh", the juice of which is very I'veet, of a plcai iiit taltc, and is an excei!cut labftitute f.;r fugar. The quadrupcls are cjftfined to hogs, dog%, and rat?. Toe fowls are of the cjuimon ("ort ; the buds hcautiYul and nu- nerouf., th9iij.;t not various. Cioaf;, pijj'-, rnd Euro^vi:,!! I'.cds, were left by capi.tia Cook; bui tiie poIT'liioii uf th'-' goats loon )javc rife to a contcit bcf.vi.';nvwodiftri,^s, 111 wlu'-.ii the i;;eed was cr.tirelv deiir ycd. The if;liat)iiaiils Hro undoubtedly of the fame race ih/it p-'fTulFes tile il\ands fou'h of t'ne eq'.iator ; aad i;i iheir peribns, lan- giias^e, cu.Tums. and manners, uppr'.aelt ri-ri-rcr to tr;c r^o-w Ze;uanders, than to their tef^ dii!gs. The making of canoes, mat', &c. f.vn'.s the occup:itions of the men ; the women arc emr.loycd in manufacturing d :h; and the ftrvuith, are- principally cng;;j.'cd in the plantations and lii'.ing. Thev have various iimufeinenls, fuihas d.ncir.j, b'.xing, wrchling, Sec. Their 3t:r:cu!ti.re ar.d navi^^a-iou bear a great rcfeu.blance to tbofe of the South Sea iflane!-^. Their ;;lanr:'tion^, which are Ipicad oV' r the whole feacoalt, conUll of the taro, or cd'.!y-ro.c, and fwcet pot.itocs, with plants of the cloth-tree fct in rows. The bottoms of -iieir eanocs are of a fingle piece of wocd. hollowed out to the thick- nefs r,f an inch, aiij brought to a point at e:;cii end. The fi;'es conlilf of three boards, each, about an inch thick, neatly fitted and Inflied to the bottom part. Spine of their double canoes meafure 70 feet in length, three 'ind a half in depth, and u in breadth. They make lait in great abun- dince, and of a good quality. Their in - Pp4 ftru- SAN SAN ftrumcmi of war arc (ptin, i»ggtn, elub«, Utteriet, and i ftrong fort , but tht w«t« aiiJ lliiig* ; and for defenfive armour they being very dtep near it, they are all ex. we*r ftrong matt, which are not eafiljr pe netrated by fuch weapons zt theiri. A» the iflands arc not united under one fove- Teign, wars are frequent among thetn. The fame fyftem of fubordination pre- vail* here as at the other iflands, the fame »bu>lufc authority on the part of the chiefs, and the fame unrefiftine fubmiifion on the part of the people The government' i» monarchical and hereditary. At Owhy pofed rothe attack of D)ipi. The town Jt very irregularly built j the principal ftreei U broad, and hat more the appear- ance of a fquare than a ftreet : at the up. per end, ii the governor'* houfe, a mean building, more like a couatty inn, than the palace of a governor : at the lower end Ik a iquare monument, commemorating the appearance of Nueftra 8enora(OurLadv) to the Guanchet, the uriginal infaabitaiiti bee is a regular foeiety of priefls hving by of the ifland. The outfkinj of the town tlicmfelves, and diftmft in a'l refpefti have more the appearance of a place da- - ' • ' " - fertcd, and in ruini, than a place of trade, for many of the houfea are either left half • built, or have fallen to decay. Lon. i6. 31. W. lat. »8. ji.N. Santa Cruz, a town of Africa, on the eoaft of Morocco, with a harbour and a fort. The Moor* took it from the Por- tuguefe in 1536. It it featcd at the ex- tremity of Mount Atlaj, on Cape Aguer. Lon. 10. 7. W. lat. 30. 38. N. Santa Cruz, a Urge ifland in the South Sea, one of the moil confiderable cf thofe of Solomon, being about 450 miles in circumference. Lon. 130. o. W. lat, 10 21. S. Santa Cruz, a leaport of the W. Indies, in tht ifland of Cuba, fcated at the N. fide of the iiland, fio tniles E. of the '' Lon. 81. 16. W. lat. ij. from the reft uf the ptople. Human fa crifices are here frequent ; not only at the conimcnccnicnt of a war, or fignal enter- pri;"-\ but the dLith of every confiderable cliit? . !U for a repetition of thefe horrid rites. I-. 'twithdandinij the death of cap- tain C r , •■ howashcremurdtredthrounh fudikii \J.. '•'i-'eniand vioiMi-', they aie arkn'Avlcil^c ' !" 'le of the ni"<> mild and atFe'tionate di.'p' '"ir: 1* They li''. in the lit ■' oft harni'invar.l ' ndlhip wim tnch other J Hnd in iiofpit ii'y • rnngers they are not exrcded even by -'it inli,i|«itants of ihe Fiieiidly [(land>. Their nrivl tnp.'.;ity fi-envi, in no refpeft, bcl'^w the common ftandard of mankind ; and their iiiipiove'nents in ngricii!ture, and the per- fed^ion of ihtir niiuif;! 'lures, are certainly adequate to tlie cirrinilianre of tiieir fitu- aticn, and the iiaiural advantages which they tnj ly. SANt;uF.SA, a town of Spain, in Na- varre, floated They get in their harveft Ivere two raontlii after thty have fowiv their corn. It waj taken from the Moors in 1447. and is ^5 miles N. K, of Liflion. Lon. 8. 45, W. lat. 99, i. N. Santen, n th \v tl SAN i. t (Irong fort , but tht water d€ip near it, they are all cx> e attack of thipt. The town regularly built i the pnncipil ■Olid, and hat more the appear- uiire than a fireet : at the up. the governors houfe, a tneatt nor« \\ke a couatty inti, than of a governor : at the lower end monument, commetnerating the of Nueftra Senora( Our Lady) nchet, the original inhiabitaitti d. The outfkins of the town the appearanc* of a place de- in ruini, than a place of trade, )f the houfei are either left half- Mve fallen to decay. Lon. i6. 18. 31. N. Cruz, a town of Africa, on )f Morocco, with a harbour and "he Moors took it from the Por- \jj6. It it featcd at the ex- Mount Atlas, on Cape Agucr. . W, lat. 30. 38. N. Cru7., a large ifhnd in the , one of the mod confiderabic of iolo'mon, being about 450 miles ference. Lon. 130. o. W. lat. Cruz, a I'eaport of the \V. the ifland of Cuba, fcated at thi: f the illand, 60 miles £. of tlie Lon. 81. 16. W. lat. ij. l-CRUZ-DF.-I.A-SfERRA,atO\vn lerica, capital of a province of c in Peru, and in the audience Iharcos, with a bifliop's fee. It at the foot of a mountain, in a liounding in good fruits, on tlic apy. Lon. 59. 55. W. lat. 15. K Fb, u town of N. America, ra. New Mexico, fcated amon|; the s, near the Rio-dtUNortc, 9^0 of Mexico. Lon. 106. 35. \\'. ^-KF.-nF.-BoGOTA, a town cf ca, capital of Neiv Granada, with Ihop's fee, and a univtrfity. h in the river Magdalena, in a plen- ntry, abounding in corn, caitk, withmincsof filvcr in them>)Uii- D miles 8. of Carthagena, Lon. r. lar. 3. 58. N. ,\RF. K, a iiandfome town of Por- EftrAmadura, featcd on a mnun- the river Tajo, in a country very wheat, wine, and oiU They get ji veft Ivere two nabhcln after they n, their corn. It waf taken from •s in 1447, and is ^5 nilct N. R. . Lon. 8. »s. W. lat.\J9. t. N. SaNI'EN, S A R 6AKTF.N, 3 town of Gcrmanvt In Uie oiftlb of Wtftphalia and duchy oi CUvu. it has a handlomc church bclongm»;.lu tttc Papifls, wherem is sii inugu «>t liie Vir- gin NLiry, wtUch, liirv pretend, perform^ a great many inir,M:l«s. Here the liife walkt begin tliat run as fur .ti VS'eUi, from which it i« Avi: miles dilhnt to the W. Lon. i. a;. E. l4t. 51. 50. N. Santillane, a fcaport uf iipain, in the province uf Afturiai, of which it is the capital. It is ftittcd on the iesKoai), 50 miles E. of Ovit lo, and 100 N. W. of Madrid. Lun. 4. 31. W. lat. 43. 34. N. Santorini, an ifland of the Archi- pelago, to the N. of Candid, iind to the S. of Niu. It is eiglit milts in length, ne.ir ■s much in breadth, and jliuuil C(iVcre u viry hard. The inhabitants are all Greeks, anil are ubout io,oco in number. Pyrgos is the capital, and there are feveral little towns and villages. They have but one fpring in the illand, for which realon they prefcrvc the rain-water in cifierns; and though they are fubjcft to tlic Turks, they chooie their own magiRratts. Lon. »6, i. E. lat. 36. 10. N. ■' Saoni. and LiMRK, adcpartment of France, including p. .it of tin iate province of Burgundy. Macon, lately a btlhopric, is the capital. * SAONh, Upper, a department of France, including part of tlw; late provinrc of the ]fle of France. It r.ikts it- Prtine iT'sm a river, which rifcs in Mount Voi- (rcs, and fnlls into ihe Rhone iit Lyons. The capitiii is Vefnul, lately creded into > bifliopric. Sapikn/.a,_ an ifland and cipe of Turkey in Europe, near the S coafl of the Morea ; very fmall, and bai.iv ciilti- ^aItd. Tlie pir4tes of Uifliary conceal thtmfelves behind it, to furprife wflfels which come from the gulf of Venice,, or the coaft of. Sicily. Lon. ji. 35. E. iat. j6, 50. N. Saracens, a peaple alehra^ed fomc ctfiturttB ago, \Vho eame front the deferu of Arabia-; Sarr^ in th.cjr language figni- /ying ftdefcrtv They wert the lirft' id'- \ S A R ciples of Malumet, and, within 40 veari 4it( hill dptti, eiuvjtiei'iJ a gn.u p.n of Afu, Affici, and liurojje. Th«y kept pilfciriottol Spam till tlivyear nn, when ihcy were finally upcUei.'. Tluy maio- uiued a war )ii the j-F )\v L ind, a 1 nuj tiaic, ajuinft the WiatfuChrillians, *nd at leogtli diuve tUcin. liOtil'ely wui uf it ; but jiuw tlure i\re no ucoplc known hr that name, for the dcfceiidants of thole whu uiiujULn d Spain arc called Moors. Sakaa.dssa, .iciiy, of Spmii, in Arra- gou, with an aicLuiniop'. fee, a unuerfity, and a court of inijliihtion. li i» I'.jd u have Uni liuilt Liy tUc I'lirunitian'' j and the Roni.iiu liin't a colony here in tlu rtij.n of Auguitus, whence it lud tht n.nic ajf Cicfar Auj,uftiis v«!uch by con npunn !ia» been chanj',cd into Saragoiia. [t 1:, large, hajidfoiiu, and veil huilt. The flrecti ;'.rc long, broad, will paved, .ind fo dirk, that it cannot be fcen without the ailiiiance of lamps, which are 50 in number, 'i'he ornaments of this image are tiie richeft that can be imagined, her ero.vu tieing full of precious iiones of an ipeflimable price, fcarcc any thing to be fecn but iioUl and jewels ; and a vaft number of, piople conic in pilgrimage hi- ther. The lovMil.oufe is A fiimptuoui flrufture; in the hall are the pidures of all, the kings of Arrai;on, and in the cor- ner of it St. George on U-.^ruback, wiih a dragon of w bite marble umlcr hisn. Sar.i- giifla is feated in a large ])la;n, where cne Ebro receives two other rivers ; .and over it are two bridges, one of fione and the other of wood, which lall has been thought the i r S A R t\\r mcft lenmiUil in F.ur.pc. A viAnty *v»'. obi.iiird here over the French iiiul Sixnufih ill »7"Oi *'"" '« ^'"» !'l''"iil"n'''' by ihf (Vh!. l'"'*' »f"'- '« •» n? "''''•' W. of Unr(.tli>i'». ninl 150 N. K. of iVla- i(i<\. Loii. o. »S. \V.ln.4i- 'V ^'■ ♦ SARATHf". .1 )5i V. rnmt:Pt ■•* Kiilfi*. fortnurly * ptovmce «ii Ai .in. It is di- vided into I J diUritts "f » li'cl» «1^« "< «hc l>jn« naiiu- 14 the prircii.J. » JlAHAioF. atouM ot Kiiirn, in tnr jrovcrnnuHt ot'ihc tame luiii., ItattH en tl\c fuU' of » mouiituin. iKiir iln river V.>1. • ;(, i»o iiiiU- S. .'I K..l;iu, .uu» jo^ N. V'. of ArtratHt". Lon. ^•j. i j. E. hx. ni. 4. N. * . , Sa^BRIJCK, atfAvn of Oiimsny, m the •lettcrate of Treves, (c>t"i on tin: river Sare, tH'M^ ""l'^'' ^- "^ Tiivts. L'.n. ft. 40. E. lat. 4')- 3 7-N. SM'BKvrK, or SARnovnr., r irci ent town of Kraiicc, in the ,f f/uily. Ii w^. iheu evened into .1 kinp,doni ; hui hi^ Sardiniiin niajrlty ketpn hi court .tt Turin, the ca- iit.il if hi: Pi,.d;..or;clc terriuiric*. Ha h,\% a viceroy ai Ct^huri, which it the ca- pil 1 O' fri"i ifljind S '.Kt.o, a fwn 'f Turkey i" Afia, in N^r'lii. It u.i- r. ,,ni;i!i cl'ed 8udi'., ;ind iv:i$ h-' ''•■hi / 1 * w wn.rchi,d hnf" Hnwavf, liefk :', i larij- larivAii- liiy, \ ' ' e -.Mi.e ijii, h'. wiiii-li wji funntily a ilhriPiiti' i-torc!'. The inhilntanis arc no-v • Vnfft ill (hc-'h'.:rfl-, who feed their fl":l'< in the noiphl. •.iiinj: plaini,, 'Ihere are all > a f. w Cii/ii^i.ms, who empli y ihimfilves ill gjrdi'ntii.'. v\t they hn\o ivither ciiirch nor piijl . Lon. zS. jo. K. ht. iS. .,4. N. Saim, h nvir of Fr r.cf, in I.ornin, which fall', into the M'jf.-'ilc, i httle above Ir vcs. SAxfJAKS, a town of r,y ifterlir.d, and capital if a county of the f .me r.uinc, in the canton cf Zurich, with a cahle fiand on a rock. 1*. ftnnd". on the t p of ,1 hill, and near tt ;rc tnineial fprin^s. good fi,r variini . difeifi.s. SAiUii.l., a larpe and ancient fcaport of Africa, in Trcinei:n, with a enftle, feated on the fcacoali, 1 r, milcb from Algiers. Lon. i. 15. \V. Int. ^' . 3r. K. S A lift IF. mini;, a t'lwn of. France, in the ilc|Mrtnitct or M'lielle and !ue pro- \incR ( f l-orrain, I'l.n.t.d. on the river Sm', nine miles from Sai'bruck. Lon. 7. 13. Ii, lat. 40. S. N. Sa I! K, a little ifi and, belaji!;ing to Great Britain, Ivini; berwecn tliC iflan'ls of Gucrni'ey and Jcrfey, on the co.ill of tior- inandy. * Sark, a river of fie v land, >vhich riles in the F^. part of Bunifrititiiirc, and for many miles forms the ui-undary wiili England. Saui. • r, a town of France, in the de- psrtmcnt of Dordo;;nc: and hte province- of Pen^ord. It was h'.ttly a bilhop.'s iVe, hut is a poor pkie|:, frated in a bottom, fiirnnindcd by ni' untai'is, n miles S. K of Perigucux, and 87 E. by N. of Bour- drnn::. Lon. i. i')- E. lar. 44- '. N. Sak-Louis, a l\ron(^ town of France, in tl'.e department of MufcUc and late pro- vince rif Lorrain, fortiticd after the n.nn- n^-r of Vaoban, and felted on rlic ifthmiis of a pcninlulu formed by the river S<*re, 10 S A II pS it waj t^Vtn by lli* Ktijj. impmn Cliiil.1 \'I. ,inj iij to the tliik.; of S.ivy, m an If tint of fii^ily. If Wd. llic:» .1 kilif,i|.i)tl; l.iu hi. Sur-'lllMfl |pv hi fc>,'Ti ,it Turin, till c»- Pi^d ::.i)rtc(c ttirimrien. Ho IV ai C^i^l.Kri, which it the «»- a rrv.fj.f Tu-kcv in Afiii. in It >».,■ r ,,nri' t.il'tcl Sirdi., '"•HI ., ihf •i;invin kiH;^ Cro?- c , , " ■• tiK in 'he ^tL.ir ro; a,.l flu T.uk* 1., .t', wliitli wji fuiiiitily a • 'ri''. l"|,e iiihubitunti arc il ftL-Ii.H , who fed their - iiv'ighi, ^niiij: plains. 'I'licic f. w Clini'i.iiis, who rnijili y ■ n j;;iril.''iiii.', ,.. It thty lirjso rch noi- piiril . Lot). iS. JO. 4. N. iivir of Fr. i:ci^re, 10 S A S joml'"* F.. of Thi< nvillc, and 31 N. R.of M-nt/- l-i>n. 6. 46. K. ht 4 .. j 1. N. S,\l\ that name, and falls into the Iriv 01 Niplu. BaRos, u tunny, cdile, in U;.;ur H'ln- rary, inn coun'v of the (a'i'i n.iint , leafed on the river 'I arm, at the fo t nt M^unt Krapach. hvc niiU:. Irniii Epciicj. Lon. i I. 10. i'.. iiit. 40. I !■ N. SAUia.Ai., ;i town of Spiin, in Cat.iio- nia, ftated en the river I'rantDii, in the »cighbourhiii)d of xvhith are cumrr'Hi of alabafter, ft< tr.inipareiit th-.r tlicy gla;.c tiieir windows witii it. Lon a. c. £•■ iat. 41. f. N. Sah'-»S/>, a town of Italy, in the ter- ritory of the Chureh, and in Roniagiia, with a hilltop's lee j so it ilei S. W. of Kiniini, and 1 j'l N. W. of Rome. Lin. 11. 14. E, Int. 4^. t,q. N. '* Sartk, a department 'if FrHnfc, in- cludiii;,; ilie late province of Maine. It rak(.»m ninie from ;\ river which j(.ll^^ the Maine and the L' ■■ , iibove Angers. The capitdl (it thifi dt, irinnni is Mans. SAftVM, Nfcxv. Sec SAI.lenURY. tiAKt'M. Old, an anticni buroufh of Wilts, wirch, though now reduced to a f)n};lc fr.nnho'.ifo, (till finds two inembersi to parlinincn'. It orce rovertd the li.in- init (jf il lii)»h litep hill, and was rtron^ly fortilieilj out there is nothln); now to be fcin but ll.e ruins .ind ti-ices of the walii. It IS .i litt'u ro the N. of Salillury. Lon. r. 41. W , lit. 1 1. 7. K. S,»Kvi- Ri>t N, H tnwn of Fr nee, in the dep:!rtnutit of Mofcllc and late province of Lorr..in ; (rtcd on the rivet ban, 10 miles from brorbriick. Lun. 7. »o. E. Iat. 4^. .?g. N. SAitWyNP, a tr>\vn of Upper Hungary, capitf.lof a c<'iiirty of the lame name, !tat- td on '.hf rufr Kah. Lou. 16. 48. E. ht. 47' 1"?. N. Sah/.ana, an aniieiit ind ftrcnij town of Italy, 111 the territory of Oem;a, wiili a bifhop's lee. It was jriven to the Gt noiCe, hy ihf |;rea^ duk-' of Title .ny, in lien of Leghorn, (t K. ftattd at the mmitliof the rivrr M't^f.', on thf, frontit.s of Tufcanv, t.0 ru't'.Li: '■■>. E. of Genoa. L';n. 9. ^i. E. iat, 44. •. N. SA?tKAM, a large town ^'f HindoPan Proper, in the fnuliah of Bcniioli itated at the foot of a mMint-..i!', near a i;reit Jukt, in the Uiiddlt ot whicti is an iilMHi with tlie liiagiiilkeui miiulbicmn cf the S A V ttnperiir Bhere Shah, wliiJt )u \ a fmt brid'.t Uadiiij;, to it i Imt I'oih ,irc yre^tl/ decayed. It is about 40 niikb fioin li«. narcD. i.,on. hC. 44. V . lit. .16. to. U. SasCiAHI, a (ity of the ifl.ind uf Sardi- nia, capidil of the tirriiory > f Lugari. It nan a laOle and an archbilhup'i lee, and contains alniut 30, co inhnhiiann. It is fiiiniius for a f 'utitain called RolTil, which h Ltd I'l be much more ina^;nilicent than the bell ut Rome. The inlialit.inti luvc lie fojlowiiij' nrovrrh, f.'A/ nc» I'u/./t RoJTil, Hon "Vt.'Je f:o>idi> ; he that hat not ftiii Rofl'el, has not leen the world. It il lead;. I in a pl.iui, fix miles N. of Al^jher. Lon. SI. V)' E. Lit. 40. 46. N. SA^!ll.Bfc!l, a ftrong town of Tranfyl- vania, tapii il of a county of tin. (aiiie name ; kaitd at the conflutnte of tw j fm.iil rivers, which fall into the Maiocii. L'Jii. 16. 40. E. Iat. 4''). *C. N. SAt,.VAN-GnK,>«r, a (mall but ftronj^ town of Dutch Kl.indrrs. It ha'i fine Unices, and ii futm-d on n i.mal, which cuiiitrunicatcs wiih Ghent, about ci>;lit miles N. T-om it. It w.t'^ built by the in- liabitiints of Chcnt, as u liuluark 10 tint town, but was taken by the Dutch in 1644. Lon. 3. 49. E. Iat. <; I. 1 1. N. Sassuclo, a town of Italy, in the duchv of Mudcna, with a ftroni; caftle 1 feattd on ilie river Seceia, 10 miles S. W. of Modena. Lon. 1 1. 1 1. E. Iat. 44. 2S. N. Sat ALIA, a large and ftronj; fcaport of Till key in Alia, in Natolia ; feated on the coaft ot Cmniania, and divided into three towns. There 13 a fuperb inofcuie, which was formerly a churct. The couirry about it is very fertile; and the c'tronsand oranj'cs areeMrtmtly line. It i'. 150 iniks W. by S. of Co^ni, and i6^ S. I.y E. of Conftuntinoplo. Lon. 32. n. E. Iat. 37. J.N. ■ i" Satconu, or SATAfiONC, an in- ecmfivl(.r,.ble sillajrcof Hindooitan Propi-r, in the I'ojbah of Bert al. Jn the i6th century ii nas a lirgc tradiiic; city, in which the E;:ropian tradeii In Ilenyil had th( ir factories. It is I'eattd on a creek f.f tl c Ilooirly River, about four ini.es N. W. of Hoo<;ly. -S A V A ;J N All, a town of N. Americ.i, in the ft?.te of GeorgLi, of which it was for- iTiirlv tiie cai>ital. It is regularly built in the forni of a parallel'giam, and is feated on a hi^h Tandy bluff, c;n the S. fide of the ri'.i.r ot tilt lame name; 17 miles from its niouih, and 117 S. E. of Augufta. Lon, 80. 20. W.lai. 31. o. N. ■ SavaNSaii,'! river of N. Amerirn, which forms a pan of the divifnna! line that fepara.es the fiate oi* Georjjia frf'm that o/s. Carolina. It is navigable for boats S A U S A U bo«5 "? 100 feet HmI from Aiigufla to {javannsh, and thciice for large vefiieU to irs entrance intu r!ie Atlantic Ocean, at Ty1)«c Uar, in lat. 31. y;. N, where it lias lb fttc water ;u half tide. S^ VI., a liver of Germany, which lias its fourcc in Carniola, runs through that coaiitry from W. to E. fcparates Sclavonii from Croatia, Bofnia, and part of Servia, and fat'.fi into t\x Dnnubc at Ucigradt;. ■' SAVi-.NUitout;, an almoft imprcg- rabic forticls of the kingdom of Mv(ore, in the pcninfula of Hindooftnn. It is limatcd on the top of a vaft rock, rilinp half a iniie in perpendicular tieiKi'ti from a hale of abovo cifht iiiiles in circumfe- rence ; and divaUd at the rumniit by a chafm, which forms it into two lulls ; which having each its peculiar defences, ferve a., two riculel;,, capabl;: of being maint. lined, indcptndintly (f the lower vorks, which arc idfo wonderfully ftrong. I^otw i'.hftanding t'..is, it was taken by the lingliih, in Dec. 1-91, after a liege of fcvcn days. Jt is jS niijes W. of Banga- lore . Saver DUN', a town of France, in the department of Arricge and late province o! Foix, feated on tlie river Arricge, 25 miles fri.in Touk'ufc. Lon. i. 36. E. lit. 43. i-ii N. tjwFUNii, a town of France, in the dtpsrtment of Lower Rhine and late pro- vince of AHace, wit;, a handl'ome palace, the tccalional refidence of the late arch- liilLops of iJLran.nri;. It is (jjatcd ar the foot of Mount V ''' ■, ill u pieafant firtile ci^untry, vhich , durfs plenty of \*ine, iS miles N. W. of htr?fb\irg, r.nd izo R. of Pdris. Lon. 7- >i- F.. lat. 48. 41. N. SftVir.t.i ANO, a handiltmc and Arong town of Piei'm'ir.t, capital of a territory of the fame name, with a rich B.-ncdiefine anbey. -It is feratd on the river Maii^j, five n.ile* \V. of Foflano, and j6 S. df Turin. Lon. 7. 44. li. lat. 44. 30. N. S \t;t-r. 'N, a .tci>\n of Germany, in the ciide of Suania, capital of a county of the flint; na.-ne, which belongs to ih* baron of WaUmrg. . ,. , S AU i-Jk'.u, a town r.f France, in the de- pjrtment cf Cote d'Or ;ini.; late province of HuikiiHov. feated on an emuunce, in a poujiiry fertile in corn, and abounding in cattle, 15 miltb W. of D:jon, and 142 S. K. of Piii*. Lo'}. 4. 7. E. lat. 47. 17. N. SavmcH, a CQnfiderafcle town of F<;anoe, iri the department <^f Maine and Lpire aiid li^e provioee of Anjou, with an ancient vaftie. ., Ilcre^ js a fr.mous Ividjlt <'\'>eir the Loire: it was l>uilr Ju i-6!i, and ctjilifts of , 1.? elliptic arches, ejcii Oo f<.n in dtaitR-ter. it is u miles S. E. of Angers, and 160 S. W. of Parjj. Lon. o. 4. W, lac. 47. 15. N. Savona, a large, populous, hamifomc, and ftrong town o( Italy, in the territory of Genoa, witli two caHleii, and a biftjop s fee. There are feveral fine churches, and other \yell-huiU ftruau-es. The Ge- noefe, fearing that it would hurt tlieir trade, ruined the harbotir, and rendered it unfit for large vefljls. It was taken b) the king of Sardinia in 1746, but reftored bv ihe peace of Ai.t-la-chapelle in 174S. The country furrounding is well cultivated, and abounds in filki and all forts of fruits. Itij feated on the Mediterranean, aomilej S. W. of Genoa. Lon. 8. 20. E. lat. 44. 18. N. SAVONiERf,, a town of France, in the department cf Indre and Loire and latt province of Touraine, five miles from Tours, near which are caverns, fatnout for their petrifications. Savoy, a duchy of Europe, between France and Italy ; bounded on the N. bv the lake of Genera, which ieparates u from SwifTerland; on the E. by the Alps, which divide it from Piedmont and Val- lais ; on the W. by the Rhone, which parts it from Brefl'e ; and on the S. by D.iuphiny, and part of Piedmont. It is 83 miles in length, and 67 in breadth. The air it cold on account of high mountains, which are a)moft always covered with fnovv i but the foil is pretty fertile, and fupplios the inhabitants with the neccfla- ries of life. The mountains which are not co'ercd with fnow in winter, abound with pglfurps that feed a vaft number of rattle. There is alfoa great deal of game; among wtiich are flags, fallow deer, roc- bucks, wild boa.:., bears, marmots, white hares, led and gray partridges, woodcocks, and phtjafants. The lakes arc fullof fifh, and the principal rivers are the Ifere, Arc, and Arve. This country has fuffered greatly by ruinous wars, whid) it ha$ fiiftaintd againft France and Spain, The inhabitants are induftrious and fober. The French invad'd this eoi4ntry in i79i,and the fame year, the National Coaventiuu decreed, that it ibould be an 84th depan- iiient of Fr.ince, by thp nam? of Moi« Blnnc. Chamberry is the capital town. ^AUVES, a town of France, in the der partment of Qard and late |>rqvince of Lang^iiedoc, feated on tlw tivor Vidourc, II miles i. W. of Alais. SAUVKri:.KBF, a town of France, m the department of Lower. Pyrenees and late provii'ice of Be^rn, wish an old ruine^ cattle, 17 mtUs^from ^'^Ur ^ SAt.M'iTER*RK, a fmall .to\yn; *{■ France, in the department of Avciron ami laie nHSinw«««i«M ■,r»^nn'»j»t*»«»(M*«*M S A U jgcrs, and 160 S. W, of Paris. hf. lat. 47. 15. N. , a large, populous, hawifomc, Own of Italy, in the territory "itli two caftleii, and a bidiop^ are fevcral fine churches, aiid built ftruftu-cs. The Ge- ng that it would hurt tlieir d the harbour, and rendered jt rgi* vefl.'ls. li was taken b> Sardinia in 1746, but reftored ;e of Ais-la-chapclle in 1748. y furreunding is well cultivated, In fil'<;i> and all forts of fruits, n tilt Mediterranean, ao miles 7;;noa. Lion. i. zo. K. lat. 44. tRM, a town of France, in the : cf Indre and Loire and late f Touiaine, five miles from »r which arc caverns, famous etrifications. a duchy of Europe, between Italy ; bounded on tlio N. bv if Geneva, which feparatcs it eriand; on the E. by the Alps, de it from Piedmont and Val- he W. by the Rhone, which Oin Brefle ; and on the S. by and part of Piedmont. It is 83 ngth, and 67 in breadth. The on account of liigh mountains, almoft always covered with t the foil is pretty fertile, and le inhabita'its with the necefl'a- e. The mountains which are d with fnow in wintpr, abound \rfi% titnt feed a vai*) number of here is alfoa^jreat deal of game j iich are (lags, fallow deer, roc- Id boa.:., bears, marmots, white and gray partridges, woodcocks, ints. The lakes arc fuUof fifli, >rmcipal rivers J^re the Ifere, Hxvt. This country has fuffered ,- ruinous wars, which it has gainfl France and Spain, The i are indudrious and fober. The vad'd this eoutury in 1792, and year, the National Couventiw lat it ihould be an S4th depart- ''r.itice, by thp na,m$ of Mont hambcrry is the capital town, s, a town of t' ranee, in the der of Qard and late |)rqvince of :, featod on tlie tivcr Vidoure, .. VV. of Alau. TLKBF, a town of France, m inient of Lower, Pyrenees and ce of Beairn, with an old ruine^ miUsJrom P^u, viTERRK, a fmall -twyiv #f , the dcpartintnt of Aveiron ami laie ~ Sax late province of Roujrgue, tt miles S. E. of Villefranche. Saxenhagek, a town of Germany, in the cirle of WeftphaPs and county of Schawenburg, ao miles N. W. of Hano- ver. Lon. 9. j6. E.lat. 5.e. 30. N. ■ Saxmu^tdham, a town of Suffl^lk, with a market on Thurfday. It is fiiu- ated upon a hill, 19 miles N. E. of Ipf- wich, and tig N. E. of London. Lon. i. 40. E. lat. 52. i«. N. Sakony, UrPF.R, one of the nine ckcles of the Gcrmnn empire. It is kounded on the E. by Pruflia, and a part of Poland and Siltfn ; on the S. bv Ba- varia, BohemtH, and the circle of Ftan- conia ; on the W. by the circle of the Upper Rhine, and that of Lower Saxony j and on the N. by the Bahic, and the circle of Lower Saxony. The eIe<^orcf Saxony h the director. It comprehends the elec- torate of Saxony, or Saxony Proper, the pri-'cipality of Anhalt, the landtrravate of Thuringia, the marche of Brandenburg, and the duchy of Poinerania ; and the!e are fubdividcd into many dillrifts, taken notice of in their proper places. Saxony, Lowek, one of the nine circles of the Germtn empire, bounded on the N, by the Baltic, and the duchy of Slefwick; on the VV. by the German Ocean, and the circle of VVeftplialia ; and on the S. and E. by the circle of the Upper Rhine, and the circle of Upper Saxony. The direftors of this circle are the dukes of Magdeburg, Bremen, and of Brunfwick- Lunenburg. It comprehends the archbifliopric of Magdeburg, the hi.- fliooric of Hildelheim, the archbifhopric cf Bremen, the bilhoprics of Halberftadr, Schwerin, Ratzburg, Lubec, and Slef- wick ; the duchies of Brunfwick- Lunen- burg, Lawtnburg, and Mecklenburg; the principality of Verdeii, the counties of Keinfiein and Biauburg; the free cities of Hamburg, Lubec, Goflar, Mulhaufen, and Northaufen, which fee. Saxony, PnoPKR, or the decorate of Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony, is divided into three principal parts ; name- ly, the duchy of Saxony, of which Wit- tembcrg is the capital^ LufttiS, (jf which Bautzen is the c^pitai^ and Mifnia, the capital of which (and of the whole efcc- to, ate) is Drefden. It is bounded on the N. by the marche of Bratidenburg, on the E. by Lower Lutatif. j on tlic S. by Mif- nia ; and on the W. by the principality of Anhalt. It is about 71; niilcsin length, and 6i in breadth, and is a very fertile and trading country, abotinding in mines. It is cut inta rw« unttjual parts by the riircrBitw. HRWAnuv S C A Saycock, one of the idand-. of A(ii, in Japtn, divided from Niphon hv a nar- rotv channel. The Dutch f.idt'ors are permitted to refide in the little idind of Difnia, which* is on the VV. fide of this. Lon. 131. z3. E. lat. 34. o. N. Sayd. SetSlDON. *" Saypan, one of theLadroncIdands, Isrger end pleafantcr than that of Tmian ; lying between T40' and J50* E. ion. and in 15. 22. N. lat. Scha<;e:n, orScAORRiF, a pronvon- tory of N. Jutland, in DenmnrV., nt the entrance of the palTagc out of t\\p ocean into the Bahic. Lon. 10. 6. E. lat. 57. 16. N, ^ Scala, a town of the kinj;dom of Naples, witli a bifhop'i fee. It was a larce citv formcrU-, but is now greatly decayed. I', is fix mile; N. of Ami.lft, Lon. 14.44. E. lat. 40. 34. N. ScAi. ANo\ A, a handfome town of Turkey in Afis. in Natolia, with a caftle and harbour. It is iea'rd on tiie feicoaft, eight miles from Ephefus, in a country- abounding in good wine. Lon. 27. 3 1. E. lat. 37. ;4. N. ScAi.irz, or ScAr,.\, a town of Upper Hungary, in the county of Polon. There is a very advantageous pafTagc by it, from Moravia to Hungarv, and it !■; Yeatcd on the river Marck, 50 miles N. of Pref- burg. Lon. 17. 17. R. lat. 49. 4. N. ScANnKRocv. See Alexandret- TA. '■■ Scania. Sec Schonen'. Sc..\«o, orSr.MiKN, a town of Swe- den, in VV. Gothland, feared to the S. of lake VVenner, 66 miles N. K. of Gotrenburg. Lon. it, 41. E. Ir. eg. 10. N. SoARnoROUGH, n larpe borout,'h of the N. riding- of Yorhihirc, with a market on TiiurfHay. It is featedon a ftetp rock, near which are fuch crsirgy c!'lT> that it is almort inacceffibit on every fide. On the top !)f this rock, is « large green pjain, with a little 've!l of freJh water, ipvinging out of tjie rock. It is greatly fn i;iicnrcd on account of its mineral waters, called the Scarborough Spa, and alfo for fea-bathin-' ; on which account it Is much improved in the number and beauty of its building*. The fpring was under the cliff, pan of which fell down in December, 1737, and the water was loft ; bur in clearing away the ruins, in order to rebuild the wharf, it was recovered, to th* g'\i joy of the ^o^vn. Here are aflrcmblies*,and balls, in the fame matiner as at Tur.bri!,iii toihe invdrruption ot the nivication ■;f that river by the cataraa at I,3urten: liuts being at b.-ll conaruded, for the conveaicncy t/f unlc.vunj; the rou"- chandife fro.n th : b.Mf, by degrees in- crtaf'-d to a li'i;ze ;o-vii. fr w.... fj.-incriy m iiiner;.l t.-.vli, govcnc 1 ;iy an arilio cracy': it was adm'.'.icd ,t meinbjr d the II-lvet)c f-ni-ueracv in i,-'~i. »"" "^"^ ^"^f" ritorv firms the twelfih c.nion i^^ ra.iK. The' iulubitants f his town nre co;n- putod M be 600c; but the number ..■( iW.zem or biivgeire-i (in whom t'.v. lu- preutc power id'r.'.Tiar. ly nil-.^i.^s) u aoout 1 :co. Troiii aufc aie e'e'^;ca 8s i;v-iii >ert^, who f -roi the };reatand lit- 1-; council ; the fniatc; or lirtic council d.i^, being tn- 1: lifted with the txec.itive fowtr ; a.-.tl ti'.c n-rcat cuuncii (induduir, the lewu; fin.il!v iVciuin.' all 4''"v\.k, i.nJ r<';jMluiiij 9 C H the !ti jr- imnortint cmcerns of govem- r-.ent. Thu^h a frontier town, it has no garrifon and the fortification-, are but weiik. The citiicns mount guaril in turn. The to^vn n tolatabiy w.ll built ; and here is a famous wooden i)ridi;c over live Rhine. Tins river being cxircmcly v.ipidhere, had already diliroyid tivriMl ftone bridt'es of the itroi)i;'..lt coni'-rudtion, whtn Ulric Grubennnnn, a carpemer (4 TuiVsn, in thccanton J Appcnzel, offered to Throw a wooden bril'/c, of a tingie arch, over the ri%er, wbi^h is near 400 fc.t wide. The mai!;iitrates, nowevtr, r- (luired that it fbouid confiR of t^vo arch- t. and that he (hould, lor that piirpoie, rmploy the middle pior of the old bridge. He has done lo ; but has contrived to leave it a matter of doubt, whether the bridge is fupported by the muldie pier. 'I'he'uiles and top of it are covered : and it i-. what the Germans call hfi'>rgs:i>er*t^ or Hanging bridge : the road, which is al- moft kvci, is not canied, as ulual, over the top of the arch, but (if the expreihon liny be ufed) islet into the middle ri it, an.! there ful'pendcd. The architeft was totally itMiorant of the theory of mecha- nics. Schaffhaufen is ii miles N. by L. of Zurich, and 39 E. of Bah!. Lon. 3. 4,. H. lat. 47- .V>-'N- , ^ ,, . ScHAFFHAUSKN, the fmalkft cantoii of S\vifferland, boundi^d on the N. and W. by Suabia; on the E. by the canton of Zurich, and the biihopric of Conftance ; and on the S. bv the lame, and by Thur- m\':;naiice ; the befthving being nnlv 100,. and the wo. '.t 4;!. per annum. The proiVHor-, of lit n\i- turu aifo, win. are taken from the ciirgy, ate paid l)y gnvernmeni ; and a fcli-ol is fupi'-ovted at tM \v.u>\k expence. Sump- tuary lawj are in tnc here, as well as m moa parts of SwilfcrlAud ; and no oancmji 1, allowed crcci>tuplin pai-icular occalions. The piiucipal art-c-ic of txpcrtatmu n wine, the cu'.intry abirmditig in vnievard', : ;ind a-.! the canton affoj-Js but^ liiUe corn, it ill procured from Sur.bia, in excbai^ge frwme. The population of this cant. .11 is crtimaied «t 30,000 fouls. The pniici- pa: own is of the iame name. ScHAMtoi.r, a t(,wr. of Icehnd, witA a biilio-)'s Icc, aud a college. Lon. 12. -c. W.'iat.{!4' -P-N- I ■-/ffK^'m''!'-'^ 4^-[f 5i:>' vt .w-"" 9 C H;' irtuit c'lncerns of govern- ^li a frontier town, it l\a» d the ^irtifica'.ioir. arc b\it citiitns mniiut: guard in :ovvn w tolataliiy wtil built ; fimous wnoiieii i)ri(li;e over I ins river beinc; cxtrcrr.L-lr (1 airuady lU-I'royi.J fcvrral •f the itrooj^'.it con!' ruction, Gmoerim^in, a curpemer d r.-inton iirii. uitd from 3u:.b i, in <'xcha!'_:;e The populatio:! of th's cant lU d at -^Ojoa:) fouls. The priiici- , of the iair.e name. itoi.T, a towr. of IccbnJ, with fee, and a college. Lin. zi. ;■. ?4. 4*3. N. . ^ . ScuAMACHY.v, a town of Perfia, ca- pital of .Schirvan. It has very large ma- nufartories of hlks and cottons, and is feattd on the W, hJe of the Cafpian Sea, 150 milts "N. K. of Tauris. It was for- merly very large, but is now decayed, above 60 jo houfes having been thrown down by an eartlicpiake. Loa. ?t. 5. E. !at. 40. CO. N. Sen A NT/. Sti>. Nt\\ a fortriifs of RuOian Fmland, in iHc province of Ca- relia, feated on the rivt,i Neva, a liitie to the cafttvaid of Peterfburgh. Lou. 31. 15. t. lat, 60. o. N. Si:ii AuiJiNc;, a town of Germany, in the circle of Havari a, feared on the river Inn, fevcn n\,i!cs S. of I'a'.Iaw. Lon. 13. a*). E. Ur. 48. 21. N. SCHARNITZ, atown of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and in the Tirol. It is feated on the confines of Bavaria, and is a J||fi^age of great importance, auJ well I'or- tilied. ScnAWK\ovR(;, a fmall territory of Weftphalia, about is miles in length, and 10 in breadth, vvhich belongs to the land- i^ravecf Ilcne Callel. SiJlii:i.D, one of the si' ft cc-nfulerablc livers of tlw Netherlands, which r ai't,; m Fiaiire, in the late province of Pireardy. Palling by Cambrav, Boucuain, Valen- cieniits, Cunile, 'iournay, Oudcnarde, Uiv:nt, Dcudermond, and Antuerp, it divides into twobranctic. hdr.w Furt Lilb, One of theR', called tliv. Eaiterii Schi.ld, Ibnvs by B' rj^tn-op-zooJii : the other, the Wciicrn Scheid, |ji.x>.-< ds t. Fluli.ing, aad both liirimnj; rt\.»;ra! iflfin.'.. empty ihei.Tlelvis iu'o the Gciiii^n Ocean. Jn 1^.47, Philip IV. of Spain havini; found it tspfcheiii to •T,al;e a f.parate pvf.rei(iriy of the Schel! ; (npuiatinfi, luoreo' er, that r.o large fl;ij) Ih: uld s^^o diredly £0 Anrwerp, lilt Ihould uiil.'de its ea.y,o in Holland. Thi'. treaty .- ■, conrirnud bv the fublc- kjUi-nt gent 1 d one of Wcitphslia in 164S. In i;S5, tiit; euip^i-or Joltph II. not- withilandir.t; theu irear;e?, uruered a vcilcl, with the inipciial Hat;, to proceed clown the rivt: tram Art^trp, and an- '.'tl.tr, up ilic liver, to that city, from Oi'.endi B<'ti» thr;fe refuf.nj: to be de- iai;,.jj or examini-d oy ihc Dutch, were lirtil ujK'n, Bill Ihuek lUsir colouts ini- niediatclv. The emperor, in puriuince uf i pievioiK decIaralio(i to that efil-ft, C'liifidercd this as a dfcli.ra'.ion of war, end proipedtd to take lULafures aecord- inglj i bui, iiy the y-'d otTices of the couic of Veri.iUlcs, he w^s prevailed upon S C H to give v.p the poinr, on the Dutch fenj- ' ing a deputation to Vienns, to make an apology for the infult to his fla,;, and con- fcnting to pay a large fam of mr^ney as an indcninitication for the expences he had iiKUircd in the preparations frr wrtr. In 1791, when the French took Antwerp, they iiil^fled upon opening the navigation of thir. nvcr, on the plea that all Vivcr» v.erc free, and that the confeqaent righc of navigating it cciild ii-^r be ceded by any treaty whatever. This with their jnvafion of Holland, dre'v that country and Great Britain into the general coah- tion p.irainlf them, as. the winmeucement o[ the yea^^kg. St:ni.t^H|j) r, an ancient and ftrong town of FrtBSc, in the department of Up- per Rhine and late province of Alface, formerly very important ; hut the fortifica- ti.ns \vere ruined by the French in 1673 ; however, when it wai ceded to thsin, they forcUita it again. It is feated on the river Jil, JO miles S. VV. of Strafburg. L-n. 7. 4->- E. lat. 48. 17. N. ScHiu.i.A, a town of Upper Hungary, feaied on the river VVaag, where the'rc h E iiarbour, and near it a volcano con- tin 1 wily burning. It is feated 25 miles N. E of Pr.'fo'jrg. Lon. 17. 40. E. lat. ^8._ r- N. ScHKLiENBURG, a fortrcfs of Ger- many, in the Circle of Bavaria, remark- able frir a battle <.'btain-..'d here by the allies, over the Frciuh and Bavarians, in 1704. It is 2?. n.iks \V. of IngolOaiU. Lon. 10. si. E. lat. iS. ^6. N. ScHELLiNt;, ;.n ifland of Holland, ly- ing at the entrance of the Zuider-Zec, b'jtween Vly-Illand and Anieland. Lon. ■;. 10. E. Idt. ^2- 20' N. Scin.iiSiTi, a tovnof Upper Jfun- gary, one (jf the I'even mountain-towns, with thiee cables, it is famous forminLS- ot lilver and other metals ; as ali/i for its hot baths. Near it is a high rock ■-■' (liining blue ftone, mixed with "f^reen mS fume fpots of yellow. Ii is 50 iiil'-s !>; , E. of Prefburg. ScHK.viNG, a town of Sweden, :!t E. Gothland, formerly more confiderablu than at prefent. It is pleafantly feated in a fertile cnuniry, and in a good' air, ei^dit miles S. E. of Wadena. Lon. i ;. 47. E. lar. ',S. t:. N. oCHKNKi-NSHANs, a fortrcfs cf Ger- many, in the circle of Wclphali.i amV duchy of Clevesj ft: Perfia, out, louie think, in the whole world. The ruins of the famous palace of Peije- polis are 50 niiips to the N. E. of this place. It is 115 miles S. of Ifpahan. Lon. i;6. 40. K. iar. 19. 40. N. ScHLEusONGEV, a. town of Ger- many, in rhe circle of Fraiicooia and pro- vince of Hcnneburg, feated tm the river Schleu"!. . . ScttMruRRG, a town of Germany, in Siiefia, .iiid in the liuchy of Jaur, feated at the foot of A mountain, near the Iburce of the river Baubcr. Almoll; all the in- h«bimnc». arc linithi, whence the place takes itsttamc. ScHOMBiiKti, a to'vn of Germany, in the clcfctorate of 7"revcs, fc;.ted on a (uuuntain, lemiles ftoni Limburg. SC H SCHOMCCK, or SCHOINCCK, B tflwn of Germaay, in tbe circle of the Lower Rhino and de&ormte of Trevee, with a caftlc ; l«atc4 on the river Nyms. 17 mile* N. of Trevet, aad 16 S. at Limburg. Lon. 6. z6. £. lac. jo. it. N. ScHOMfcw, Scania, er Skone, 3 province of Swedca, boua<*cd on the W. by the Arait of the Sound, which fepara?e< it from Zealand-, on the N. by H&llanJ and Smoland} on the £.and S. by Bleck- ingen and the Baltic. It is abotu ;1t mile-- inJengtb, and 40 in breadth, and is a vcrv fertile country. Lunden i« the capital town. ScKONOAW, t town of OcnMay, in Upper Bavaria, (eated on thf river Lech, 30 miles from Augfburr. ScHooKHovcN, B ftfone tsw» of the United Provinces, in Holland, with a very commodious haven. It is feated t»n the river Lech, in whieli there is a good falmon-iiflierv, 14 miles E. of Rotterdam, Lon. 4. ^4. E. lat. 51. $8. N. ScBOKNDORF, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and duchy of Wir- temburg, with a ftrong caftle, and fait fprings, with which a great deal of fah is made. It is feated on the river Rems, It miles N. E. of Stutgard. Lon. 8, 54. E. lat. 48. 56. N. ScHOtjTEN, iflands fo called in the South Sea, near the coaft of New Guinea. They were difcovered by William Schou- ttu, a Dutchman, in 1616. Lon. 135, 25. E. lat. 0.46. S. ScnowEK, an ifland of the Nether- lands, in Zealand, lying between the iilands ofGoreeand Beeveland. It is 15 miles in length, and fix in breadth. Ziric- zee is the capital. SCHUT, a large ifland of Hungary, forijned by the river Danube, 35 miles m length and two in breadth. It is divided into two parts, by a branch of the Da- nube, and Komore and Sumarain are tho principal towns. ■ ScifWALBACH, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine and county of NaiTau ; (eated on the river Aa, nine miles N. of Mentz. Lon. i. to. E. lat. «>. o. N. ScHWAUTi, a town of Germaay, iu the Tirol. It is famou* for k-: mmesof dif- ferent metals I and is feated on the rivtr III, 14 niiks N. £. of Itifpruc, and 10 S. W. of Rotenburg. Lon. 11.42. ¥.■ lat. 47 01. N. ScHWAKxzBtmo, a town and ceAk nf Gcrmanv, in the drcls of Ufttcr Saxo- ny, and iundgravate af Thurtflgw, etpit^i of tntli boui canti •n tl N. cant wbIi Jan, allia: >«ifi«li.ife ?-^ iouD SC K K, or ScHoivEOK, a town in tbe circle of the Lower le&ormte of TrevM, with a i on ch« river Nyms. «7 milei e», aad «6 S. of Limbur^. lat. 50. 31. N. ' &CANIA, or SKOME, 3 Swedca, bouiM*Mi on the W. of the Sound, which feparate^ lut; on the N. by Halland i na the £.and S. by Bleck- e Baltic. It is about $t intle'< d 40 in brctdih, and is a very try. Lunden is the upital AW, t town of OerMaay, in ria, Ciated on th« river Lechi im Auglburz. HOVCN, anrongtsw» of the ovinces, in Holland, with a odious haven. It i» feated on .ech, in whieii there is a good cry, 14 miles E. of Rottetaam. .E.lat. 51. 58.N. 4 DORK, a town «)f Germany, B of Suabia and diichy of Wir- with a ftrong caftle, and fait irith which a great deal of ie. It IB feated on the river miles N.E. of Stutgard. Lon. at. 48. 56. N. TEN, iflands fo called in the , near the coaft of New Guinea, e difcovered by William Schou- utchman, in 1616. Lon. 135. . o. 46. S. /EN, an ifland of the Nether- Zealand, lying between the Goree and Beeveland. It is i; ength, and fix in breadth. Ziric- capital. :, a large ifland of Hungary, y the river Danube, 3f; miles in d two in breadth. It is divided parts, by a branch of the Da- i Komore and Sumarain are tho towns. ALBA.CH, a town of Germany, ircle of the Upper Rhine and F Naffau ; foated on the river Aa. !s N. of Mentz. Lob. 8. so. E. S.N. AttTi, a town of Germany, m I. It is famous for k<^ mtnesof dif- cfaJs ; and is fjaWd on the river nitcs N. E. of I«fpruc, and 10 f Rotenbuiig. Lon. ii.4»« ^■ I.N. 'AW.f7.B«R0. a towrn and caftic any, in the drcte of Upper Saxo- iundg»vatca£.Xhvuriegta> <»p>^''| S G H. "^ of A county of the fame oame, bekingSng to a prince of the houfe of Saxony, it is felted on the river Schwart2, si miles S. Ei of Erfort, aod 35 N. of Culiembach. Lop. II. 30. E. iat. )o. 40. N. ScHWARTZSMBURC, a towD of Ger- many, in the circle of Franconia« capiwl of fk priiici|wlity «f the fame name. The caftic is featfd on the river Lee, a; miles N. W. of Nurcmburg, fubjsd to its owm prinoe. Lon. io. 44. £< lat. 49. 4 j. N. ScHWEiDMJTZ, a ftrong town of Ger- many, in Silefia, capital ot a pmvince of the fame name, with a callle. It is the hantlfomeil town in Silcfia, next to Etref^ law. Ti»'ftrcct» arc large, the church fine, aiid th«i houfes well built. The royal palace is turned into a convent. All the maeiftrates are Roman Catholics, bit moft of the inhabitants are Proteflanrs, who bave a church without the town, as alio a public fchool and bells. It is feated •n aii eminence, on the river Weillrit2, 27 miles S. £. of Lignitz, and 22 S. W. of Breflaw. Lon. iC. 54. E< lat. ;o. 46. N. ScHWErNFURT, a ftrong and imperial town of Germany, in Franconia) with a magnificent palace, where the fenators meet, who are twelve in number. The environs abound in cattle, corn, and wine ; and the inhabitants are Proteftnnts, but not very rich. However, they carry on a large trade in woollen and linen cloth, goofe-quills, and feathers. It is feated on the river Maine, z; miles VV. of Bam- berg. Lon. lo. 31. £. lat. 50. <;. N. * SCHWERIN, a town of Germany, capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin, feated in a beautiful lake. It is divided into four parts ; namely, Schwerin, the New Town, the Ifland of Schclf, and the Moor, which are all nearly encircled by the lake. The cathedral is a fine Gothic pile, with a lofty fpire. The ducal palace and gardens are delightfully fituated on an ifland in the lake, and have a communication wi:h the town by a drawbridge, it is 3; miles S. W. of Gut- trow. Lon. II. 'S3. B. lat. 53. 48. N. ScHWiNBURC, a town of Denmark, •D the eaftern coaft of the ifland of Funen , cppofitc the iflands of Arroe and Laage- land. Lob. to. $o.K. lat. 5J. 4. N. ScKWBiTZ, a canton of Swiflerland, bounded on the W. by the lake of the four cantoas ; on ttta S. by the canton uf Uri ; •n the E. by ^t of G'arust and on the N. by thofe of Zurich and Zug. This canton, «itte tiiBt of Uri and Undcr- waldcB, tl^cw off the yoke uf Aaftria, Jan. I), ijpS. • They fotmed a perpetual alliance in 131$, which was the grand toundatioB of the Helvetic, conhderacy. SCI The name of Schweitzerland, Switxerland, or SwitTcrland, which originally compre- hended only the thrbe cantons mcntionud above, was afterward extended to all Hel- vetia. It derived that appellation, either from the canton of Schweitz, as being the moft diftinguiihed m the rcvohition of i30», or bccaule the Aulirians called all the inhabitanis uf thtfe mountainous parts by the «ner»l denomination of 8chweit- 7ers. The government of Schweitt atld Uri is entirely tlcmocratical, and nearly the fame. Tney contain^ including their fubjeflsj i;o,ooo fouls ; and, in ewfe of ne- celfity, could tnrnifli above 12,000 mili- tia. The lame kind of foil, and the fame proflu4tii>n», arc cotmnon to the two can- tons. The whule country Ireing rugged and motmtainous, cnnfifts chiefly of oaf- ture, raifes little com, and has no wme : but this foil< naturally barren, h:ts beea improved by the natives to an aftonl;l,ing degree of fertility. Luxury io fcarcsly known in thefe cantons j anrl a piiiit) of morals prevails, which can fcarccly be imagined by the inhabitant', of great imd opulent cities. The Roman Catholic re* ligion is here ejicluiivelv eOabli.lied. • ScHwBiTZ, a town of Swiflerland, capital of the canton of the fame name, feated near the W^ldllietter See, on the Hope of a hill, and at the bottom of tyl^o high, fliarp, and nigged rocks, called the Schweitier Haken. The church is a large magnificent building 8chweitz is 10 miUs S. £. ot Lucern. Lon. ii. 30. E. lat. 46. 55. N. * ScHWEfTZ, Lakeof. Scc Wald« STUTTER See. SciATi, an ifland of the Archipelago, near the coaft of Janna, to the N. of Ne- gropont, and almolt at the entrance of tho gulf of Saionichi. It is about si miles in length, and eight in breadth. SciLLY, a clufter of iflands and rocks, which lie almoft 10 league-* to the W. of the Land's End in Cornwall, and are e:^fily difcerned from it. Of thefe only- five or fix are Inhabited. They are f'up- poi'ed formerly to have produced mucK tin, but are now chiefly known as a rcfort of feafowl, and a plade of fljelter for !liips in bad weather. The inhabitants princi- pally fubfift by fi filing, burning kelp, and afting as pilots. The chief of the iflands is St. Mary's, which has a good port. This ifland is the largeft and mve alfo a (mall commerce in wool, chcele, figs, and inal- tich. The women arc beiur brc^I than in Othur parts of tlic Levant: thtmgh their drtfs is odd, it is very neat. J he pa. tridgts arc tame, being lent every a^;y into tiic fields to get tncir living, and in the evening are called back v.iih a whittle. The town, called Scio, is large, plealant, and the beft built of any m the Levar.;,, the houfcs being beautiful and commodi- ous i fomc o'' them are terraced, and others covered wUn tiles. The ftreets are paved with flint-ftoncs, and the Veueiians. while they had it in their polTelhon, made ' a great many alterations for the better. ' The caflle is an old citadel built by the Genoefe, in which the Turks have a gar- rilpn of uoo men. The harbour of Scio - is the rcudczvous of all Ihipping, that go to or come from Conftaniinople, and will * hold a fleet of Tourfcore vcfTels. They -rccl4n"n there are io,ooo Turks, «o,ooo "-'Greeks, and 10,000 Latins, on this ifland. The Turks took \t from the Venetians in 1695. Sclo is a bilhop's fee, and is ieated on the fcafidc, 47 tniles \V. of Smyrna, ■ and 2 10 S. \V. of Conftaniinople. SciRos, an idand of the Aichipelago, '■ to the W. af Mcjelin. U is 15 miles in Jen^th, and eight in breadth. It is a nvuintainc^s country, but has no mines, •■ The vines make the beauty of the ill.and, " imd tile 'wine is tiicellent ; nor do the na- ■ tiVes'want wowL There it but one vil- SCO lace, and that is built on a rock, which runs up like a fugar-loaf, and is 10 nii e« from the harWmr of St. George. The inhahitantf. are Greeks, the cadi being tlic only Turk among them. ScLAVONiA, acountry of Ti,urope, nc- tween the rivers Save, Prave, and Da- nube. - Jt it divided jnto lix counties, and belongs to the houfp of Auftna. It was formerly called a kingdom, and is very narrow,' not being above 75 m-'t' " breadth ; but ir is 30D in length, from tt frontiers of Auftria to Belgrade. The caftern part is called Ratzia, and the inha- bitants Rafcians. Thcfe form a particu- lar nation, and are of the Greek church. The language of Sclavonia w the mother of four others, namely thofe of Hungary. Bohemia, Poland, and Ruflia. ScoNK, or ScooNF, a village ct Perthflilre, in Scotland, f^^ted on the K fide of the river Tay. N. by W. o Perth. Here is the ancient royal palace of Scone, now a feat of the earl of iViansf.eld. I-i this palace the kings of Scotland wea crowned, in the celebrated ftone chair. which is now in Weftminfter ai^liey. 1' is 30 miles N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3- 2 1. W. lat. 5O. 24- N. ScoPELO, an ifland of the Archipc- laeo, five miles K. of Sciati, and 17 ^- "» Nepropont. 1 1 lies at the entrance of the KmIT of Salonichi, and is about ten rnilc. • th and five in breadth. It is vsrv in kn -til dii" "!>• '" - — - . , fcrti;:, pr.KJuces plenty of good wine, »nd coMMn' .2,000 Inhabitants, who arc aU ninit all Greeks. S.-oi-iA, cr UsCAPiA-,.a town Turkey in Europe, on «he .confines ct BoCnia. It is feated on the river Vardar, over which is a bridge ofti arches, a-ul i, ,n archbifl.op'3 fee. It is 67 miles \\ . of Sophia. Lon. 2 2. 25. E. lat. 42- «o- ^' Scotland, or.NoKTH Britain. the moft northern of the two kingdom, into which the ifland of Great Britain w<, formerly divided. It is boun<.ed on tk« W. by the Atlantic Ocean, pn the iS. by the North Sea, on the E. by the Ge^m Ocean, on the S. E. by EngUnd. an u ■ the S. by the Irin, Sea. To Scotland alfo appeAain the iflands on ",» jj^eftein coaft,^:^l!cd the Hebrides, or Weflern Iflands. and thofe to ihq l^- E. called tic Orkney and Shetland IJIands. , From N- ,0 S. that is, from Cape Wr#»" ^^"''[^ landfliire to the >IuU of Galloway in Wiatonfliire. Scot^nd extends .about 2:0 miles. Its i'-<='^'^ft.V^«?^'^.'.^'?Tn At crofs in Rofs.fli.ire to J?,p;.cr6^d m Abcr- deenlhire, is above rsojpj" 5 but, '" fomc places, it is not a\>pv^.30; Natu e feems '-0 have pointed out three grand di- vifi6n< divlfir vhich of Ml redtioi or M by th the g and rhc tl em vaft withi em divili tions and chie divi be but ous eaft the fem hot! and eve cip; Tv the Tl ten thi clii CX' wi col int ec v; fit qu ch th( 6v th he ar m w CJ t>i ai tl V " ■ »i WWi Ki fTi SCO lat is built on a rock, which a fugar-loaf, ami i"! lo mi!c« arlxmr of St. Gorge. The are Greeks, ihc carfi being jrk among them. N I A, a country of Europe, hc- rivcrs Save, Pravc, and Da- i( divided jnto lix counties, and the houfp of Auftrja. It was lied a kingdom, and is very jt being above 7S ™''" '" but it is 30D in length, from t!ie ■ Auftriiv to Belgrade. Tiie i- cilled Ratzia, and the inha- fcians. Thcfe form a particu- and are of the Greek churcii, uage of Sclavonia is the mother hers, namely thofe of Hungary. Poland, and Ruflia. ., or ScooNF, a, village cf e, in Scotland, fcatcd on the F. e rii-er Tay, N. by W. of Perth. :hc ancient royal palace of Scone. It of the earl of Mansfield. In ce the kings of Scotland were in the celebrated (lone chair. now in Weftminfter abbey. It Ics N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. lat. 56. 24. N. Ei.o, an ifland of the Archipc- e miles K. of Sciati, and 17 ^). "t mt. It lies at the cnn-;incc of tht Salonichi, an(i is about ten milo h and five in breadth. It is vevv iPKluces plenty of good wine, anl 12,000 inhabitants, Nvho arc aU Greeks. •I A, or Use A PI A,' a town (f ' in Europe, on the confines ff It is feated on the river Vardar, hich is a bridge of 1 1 arches, aiul chbilliop'.. fee. It is 67 miles W. ia. Lon. 41. 15. E. lat. 42-. 10. N. ri.ANn, or No KTH Britain-, ft northern of ths two kingdom; lich the ifland of Great Britain wr, y divided. It is bounded on tll« the Atlaiitic Ocean, pn the N. by irth Sea, on the E. by the Gcrm.m on the S. E. by England, and en by tlie Irifii Jea. To Scotland pertain the idands on its wefttm called the Hebrides. orWeflern , and thofe to the, "N. E. called the y and Shetland IJIands. From N. aat is, from C.ape "VVfratliin Suthtr- re to the jiluU of ' Galloway in nfliirc, Scotland extends about 270 Its grea:(eft breadth, from Apple. a Rors.niire to 'pi?)t,er6pad in Abcr- ire, is above 1^0 miles.; but, in places, it; is not a^ve '30^. Natiire '.0 have pointed out three grand di- yifj- SCO vifiBns in ScmUnd. The firft, or North divlfinn, is formed "by a chain (;f I ikcs, vhich crofs the coimtry, from the frith of Murray to the ifland of Moil, in n di- redtion from N. E. to S. W. 'f ne fccond, or Middle diviGhn, i; bounded on the S. by the friths of Forth and Clyde, and the great canal by which they are ur.itcd ; and on the S. fide of this boundary ii the third, or South divifien. I'lie Nonli- ern divifion is chiefly an affembbge cf vaft dreary mountains ; not, however, without Ibme fertile vallies on the nortli- ern and eaftcrn fliorcs. The Middle divifion is traverfcd, in dirt'erent direc- tions, by many great ranges of mountains ; and though cuTtivatis of the country are grain, flax, woods of oak aiid fir, ci al, lead, iron, fretftone, limcftonc, flate,,' tlie maft beautiful marbje, fitib rock-cr^-ftals, pearls, variegated pcbbltii, &c. Jt''fetiis vaft herds of cttile arfd flocks of flKcn : they are both (Vnall, nut inuch valued f(;r the delicacy of thejr fftfli ; and iheHttce of tTie latter criii/latcs the fineft Span'iih wool. It is in 'thi' high grounds th'at the cj^tlc are lb dhij|iiutive'; for, in 'ttiany l^arts of tiie cOurttry, itti horffes and cows are not e)ccelted in' fizeancf Bijiuty "tjy thofe of tlie Englift breed. ^A thong tlie wild anittiais are the'rocj ftag, fox, baBgcr, otter, hcdi^c-hot;, rabbit, weafrl, mole, and other fmall quadrupeds. Amoni^ the feathered race arc the capeicailiic, or cock of the wood, the epplc, falcon, pir- trid^e, ciu^ll, fnipe, pkvtr, black gamc^ ibe j;roiiie, Sec. The filht-rics in' the lur- rouric'irg leas may be rendered h'glily Ld- vaiuage6us. i.cctland u divided m-o 35 counties ; nimcly, Shttl.nd and O kney, Biitf, Cnhliiicfs, Sutherland, Rnfs, Cro. mai-ty, Nairnc, Invt-rncfs, Murray, Piinff, Aberdeen, Kincardine, Angus, Perth, Fife, 'Kiiireils, Clackmannan, Styling, Duinbarton, Aigylc, Renfrew, Ayr, \\'i,;toii, Kirkcudhri:;ht, Dutnfric-,, Rox- biiii^h, Selkirk, Peeble:;, Lantrk, Liniith- gow, Edinburgh, Iladdingtin, and Ber- wick. Thcle fend one member each to the Britifh parliament, except Bute and Caithnefs, Cromarty and Nairns, Kinrofs and Clackmannan, which fend members in conjuftion \ fo th'at the counties fend 30 members, which, vith 15 lent by the boroiighs, make up the 45 metnlers Tent by Si:otland. The elablilhed religion is the Prr.flivterian. With rel'pcft to the trade aiui nianufaflurc^ of Scotl.iml, they will be noticed under the rcfpeftive cities and towns, of which ihc capital is Edin- burgh. SeM(ivAN,3 feaport of S. Amepca, in Terra Firma Proper, ,o mites E. vu ot U ; the readio^; -f which (iiKe ih-t cf S>haK- fpairt's CiilV> a\<\\o<\ iiiakej ones bead Khl.ly. NtithVr i» the patflKt.lo W0»- Sruis narrow .nil V.ifT.cult as he make. ir. Indtc !, it is probable that the hrMvUh ot it i^ trtaily.'nurtarcj iV.icc his time, by the vioh-vn iiupctuolity of the r.urrent j and thU violenci.- too.muft aW..ys luvt .1in,iniil.tJ..in ur.vp<.rii.>« as the ireadtli «-f the thannJ ipuiafcd. Our pilot Uy», there !.rc u<«ny 'wH rfcks tlwC fljow their- hcHls i.cHt the haf«.of the Ugc ones. Thefe arc prghsbly tti» dog* tha are a'cfiiibca us howhng roxmd the nion- fler Scylla. There arc hkewitc nMny caverns that add great Iv to the noife oj the water, nnd tend flill to •.acrrafe the horror of the fcenc. The ro- k w near 100 feet high. There i. a kind of cattle or ion on iti fummit > and dv: town ot Scylla, or Sciglio, containing 3 or 400 in- habitants, ftands on its S. ftdc, and gives the title of prince to a C« I ahrele family. StAFOKO, a bore ugh and fcapoi-t in SulTcx. wbofe market is diluted. It »» ci>;ht miles S. by E. of Lewes, and 59 S. by E. of London. Lon. o. 10. E. lat, 50. ' Skaton, or Port Seatos, a fca- port of Haddingtonfliire in Scotland, Here, r» a ruinous palace, in which the unfortti- nate Mary queen of Sects occafionally kept her court, after bet return from France. In the chapel are fevcral curious monuments of marbfe. Scaton has a con- fiderable trade in fah and coal, and >» htu- aied on the frith of Forth, nine tniles fc. of Edinburgh. Lon. z. 54- W. lat. j6. *'"Sepa5Tian, St. » town of Spain, iti the province of Guipulcoa, with a good and well-frequented harbour. It is fcated at the foot ot a mountain, and the harbour is fecured bv two moles, and a narrow en- trance for the ihips. The town 's lur- rounded by a double wall, and to the fea- fvle it is fortified with haiUons and Knlf- ftrniabt, and paveil with white flag-(iones, Thfhoufes ^.re handfome. the churches neat, and the environs pleafant. It car- X, e 'on a grept trade, and is lo populous, JLaM-everal families are obliged to h»am tflle houfa. At .h« «>L?15^»>^^>^:;«^ tain is a ^rong citadel. Their greatett K dc conr.a^ in itt^n and ftfel, which fome t ke tTb^ '^^ beftitt Europe ; they alo J I -Ixvool which c^mes trom Old Cat- S W of Pamp«ii'4»*' M^' '-* 5^* "'" ^ SED SfbastuK, St. a iargc and hand- fotSe city of Iftrafilin S. America, c^p.ta^ Ke province of lUo Jw.iro. and (eated a the tnouth of the Hver of that name. Kpy. an5 furrounded by hills of val hrhf, which entirely ««lud^^ f tlift refrefliing fea and land Vetzes ; fo thit it is, of courfe. fuffocaungly h.>i, and unhcah ;, in the fummer. . The different mechanUs carry on their bufinefs ,n Tftinft parts ot the town; part.cular ftrms heme fet apart for particular trades. On";. S.iu of a fp-'-» SisVbi- palace of the rtceroy. S^-^J^.™' A S fcop's fee. Lon. 43- « ' • W- !«• »»• 54- b- sVBts.co, a ftrong feaport of Dal- matia capital of « county of the fame name wffi a bifhop's fee, » fort, and a caSe 1 belongs to the Venut a,,s, and he Turks have often attempted .n.ya.O to take it. It is feated near the mouth of The river Cherca,in the gulf of Venice 35 miles N. of Spalatto,and *5 S- E-of Zara. Lon. .6. 46. £•'»'• 44- .>7. N. Seburg, a town of France, m the dc- partmenvof the North and l»tc provu.ce li French Hainault. . » m.les E of Va- lenciennes, and . a S.E. of Condc. Lon. 1. to E. lat. ^0- it. N. S°CHY or Sekchinc, a town m Norfolk, with a wc»-f^«5l"""t !?„Tfh" on Tuefday, and once a fortnight for the fale of fat bullocks. It is fcat.fon a ma!! navigable river, four miles S. of King . Lvnn.andojN.E. of London. , and 90 S. W. of Vienna. Lon. 14- :'• '^•s:c.S.•';^.toWn of Gertna,^1;j the circle of Suabia, and one of the for<^t towns. I^re i, nothing rematfoib^t m ir'but a& f-iuarc-^ It belongs.^^o _the llhinefeldt, and 17 ^. flt Schatthauiep. SEC^)KQ?-b.N,, H.vfc ?P,^ ^S' fliire. nw TamwQr!i„farapus f<^ a battle. foSt S 757;betwcew CutbreJ, king of the ..Me^cia^js, On tW .% 'fiJ^V °^ '" church «C t^e ruw ^l?:}p .»"'* *"' '■ an artificia\,h)il, 45 fe« ^igh.. - SE D 4M, St. a brgc and hand- f Brafil in S. Aratrka, c^pit;^ inc« of lUo Janeiro, anj fend ith of the rirer of that name, IS A very extenfivc and com- rbour, and is defended by nu- ts. The city i» lirge, well- populous, but illfituated for of the. inhabitants j Aanding ■round, which was formerly lid furrounded by hills of vail ich entirely exclude the beneiit idling fea and land l)reizes ; fo f courfe. fuffocalJngly hot, and in tl\c fummer. The different carry on their bufinefs io _,ts of the town ; particular ig ret apart for particular trades. . fuie of a fpacious fquare is the nc viceroy, St. Scbaltiah i$ a bi- Lon. 43. 1 1. VV. lat. i». 54- S. ICO, a ftrong feajxjrt of Dal- ital of a county of the fame h a bi(hop'» fee, a fort, and a belongs to the Venctiaijs, and : have often attempted in.yaio to It is feated near the tnouth of Cherca, in the gulf of Venice , N. of Spalatto, and 15 S. E. of on. 16. 46. E- lat.44. .«7-N. G, ■* town of France, jn the dc- of the North and late province h Hainault, n miles E. of Va- s, and itS. E. of Condc. ^°^' lat. 50. »». N. If, or Sekchimg, a town m with a well-frequented market day, and once a fortnight for the t bullocks. It is feated on a fmall : river, four miles S. of King's id 9J N. E. of London. ^w, a town of Germany, m the Auftria, and in Upper Stiri^., ifhop's fee. It is feated on the ^le. nine miles N. of Judenburg, >. W. of Vienna. Lon. 14. :?• 7- »9'N. iN(JfcW', a town of Germany, in - of Suabia, and one of the forpft There is nothing rernarkjible in large fijuare. It belongs W 'he AuAria, and i* feated on an^iHe, )yithe RhJAe, hx miles S. E. ot it, and t7 >V. .of. Schfiflhaufen. 7. |;,T3t.4.7.J4iN: :_, ■/. iNQ?-6.s, Mfllige ipWAfWcK. ic TamworJLfa„{aropus fqf a battlt. I jt-j, between Cutbred, k\ng ot rcians. Ibn t^ie N., ifide of, its re thp ruins of a fott, and jnear it ia\ hill, 45 f«t high. . , , K. a ftrojig toiwn of r raacft, m ' the S E G ♦he'(!«;p((« tlie Cmjiiifttiii 'ijff HolWe, *ith- a lilAop's fee. It is liud tUat'ijh-^s'Vvcrc fTrll in- vented here. It iV'feited oh a ihirfiintain, mm' s. Ei cfifimmo.m v'e.' of _i;Go''itvr,.\'tdWn of SpBifr, 'iW VaTeYl- cia, with a hilhofi^ ftf. ' n is feired on the "fidfc'rff 4'hiil,''^bchvi}tn 'tt«fti ittpuntains, ii! a foil ytiy fmile rltdbrn a(id'\vihi-, 12 Kotiif S s'E cr marble. It was tJiken frrm the Nfcrs in' 1*4;. and the Romans thiu.;ht it 'iil\ their while to carry foinc of ilieir maiMc to Rome. It is ne.ir the rivi r Mutvuhci, ' »7 milts N. VV. of Valencia, and 1^- E, of Madrid. Lon. c. 3. M'. Ux. 39. 4^. N. SeooViA', ari ancient l.ii(;c, riJi, po- pulous, and handfomc city . f Spain, iii Old Caftilt, with a blfhr-p''. I'tt, and a cidle, calletl AlcK/i.ir. It is fur roimucd by a ftrong wall, flanked with towcs and ramparts. Here the bed cloth in Spain is made, from the fine Sp.-.V.ilh wiiil Io mucli cftecmid in other countries. This ib one part of their trade, and another i , very fine paper. The ctith'dral I'tanlionone fide of ihe grent fquare, aiul loitains th* ftatue of the Virgin in mally filv cr. The Alcazar is feated in the hij'hcft j art cf tix town, is covered with lead, ard has i*» rooms very richly adorned witd r;i|ip)'ry, a great deina p.ut of \ akncia, and ihrn falls into tl»c lea at Ca.Hlamar. • SfciKs, Tut, a povvLrfa! .iat;oa f.t Hind .olbn Proper, tonfifling of cvcra fn^all iad.pu..lcnt ft.tcs, «»1^« '"^''^ f",^'"^''' round hill, but for what purpolc i* mi- known, ami ii the large ft aid .noftuiii- form barrow itj thiit county, if not in all SH.I1Y, a town in the W. ruling of Yorklliire, with a market on Monday, i: is liattd on the liver Ou'"e, on whku nail ,ad.pu..lcnt iUrcs. that I'^vc tor>^ea ^ --^. ' J",, Vork and h a pl.cc of kh.d of Tcderal un:on. They poircK the fmall v. Kl. p ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ (omclrule, .1 miles S. of York, and iSj N. by W. of London. Lon. i. ». W. u. 53. 47. N. Selesiiia, anciently Sf.ieucia, a town of Turkey in AHa. in C.n.m.mv., 10 miles from the fe.caaft, and 58 VV. ot Tcraffo. . .r „ Sklf.uci.\ Ii.bf.r. an ancient epilrn- pal town of Afia, in Syria, feated on the ftiicoaft, cikht milts N. <■( Antioch. Ski.instaut, or Silinounstadt, a tnwn of Germany, in the clefloratt «r Mcntz, formerly imperial. It is ieattil lit thu confluence of the rivers Oern- fptuti and Maine, 14 miles E. ol !■ raiic fort, and 27 E- of Mentz. Lon. 8. 3-- whole of Uhore, the prmcipa p^r of MouU.n, and the W. p.irt ot tK^lh';^,^'''; traft exttpils about 400 miles tnmi ^. v\ . to S. E. and is from 1 io to zoo broud, in rcneral, ulth )ugh, in the part between TVttock and Uehkcr (that is. alon>; the Indus) the extent cannot be lels than 310 Their capital is Lahore. We know hut little cjncernini; the ftate of their govern- ment and politico i hut the former is re- prefented as bcinc mild. Li th.^r mode hf making war, tiicy are unijuenionab y favaee and cruel. Their armv confifts al- moft eniirelv i.f horle. ot which they arc faid ro be able to l>nn.z at leaft 100.000 into the field. The Seik., like the Ilm- „ - ^ ^ doos, are perfcttly tolerant in matters of l^- '^;- * • •»' "\ of Turkey in Eu- ,he Hindoos, tliey udin.t P^f'^^'^l^ «'' w , T UrV- nUe but is now much dc- rr"e now hccome one of the moll power- P'-^ ^o"^ -^J;,^;- ^f' Selkirk (l.ire. '"'s'm'^;;';"::"' France, which ri.. in Sc^l^id Its diief -"ufag^e ^. .,„ the de'pattment of Cute d'Or and late that of bo., ad ilioc It . ^^. ^^^,^_ .'province of Burgundy, and flowing bv »' '^/'^ ^^ J^^^'^ ^ into the Enghlh Channel at Havre ^ind, bounded on. the N. by Edinburgh- ^"'str.E AND MARXK, a department fhire, on the E. by Ro^^^^S^^jr^-^;? t of F?an«,"in\ltulin, part ^f the^ate pro, ^ ^^^/''-f '-e^. s rU' N^'t'o i vincc of the IHe of Hance. Meaux is f-J -'^^^ ,, l^^ll^^^^t .0 from E. 10 the eoiftL pal town. _^^ . k»ro hrmHeft The nrincipa rivers • §EiNK ANU O1.SE, a department of ^V. v Jere broa Jft. 1 nc I r^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ r Fi-ance, inciu-^.ing part of the late pro- are the Tweed, Ettnck, >ince of the Kleof France. Y-^^ -"H". ^f-„ , ,„,,,» of France, in the dc recently ereaed into a bUhopric. is the S^^'^^J'^Vriid Cher and late pr - "^ttwe. LawEH. a department ^f V-e of BlaR-i.^^ch^^ ««l. ^^-^^ France, including part of the late provmce r^'^ "J", ^'^a^^^'^ ^S Btots, and m. of Normandy. Rnuen » the capiuh . ?"''««- '.* "V ,^'h lit a7 2;. N. *'%i..,sH.lM, a town "f Germany, m ^-'-^'^^-J^^l^-A^^.. the circle of Franconia, with a calUe, 33 i^k-UTl, ^ ;°7'\_"Uf - ' .' d late pro- V^^-t^^;!^^^™'"*^- ^°"' ''- ??c?:?^i^^JSioKf ne^o * sf ml -ir'Mou. a mountain of Afia, in nlile. E. of ^^.^^f^.S^Ml^- ^''- ^ Arabia Ptuia, which formerly bounded SJ.N.. Semek- S E L. Ithe S. anil ftparafeJ it frr.m It is now calkil S.inleny, .nul E. rif Cairo in KgyP'. ^Y 111 1. 1., in Will (hire, neir 'it' KcnncCi aiul li ilf u u^\'.i iry, in the iDaJ from M.irl- Ji) Bath, is an iirtificiul hi^!) I but for what purpu'c it un- [d ii the larj;tft and nviO uiu- jw in th;» county, if n ;t in all I, a town in the W. riding nf with u maiket on Monday. 1: on tlie liver Ou'"e, on which Js pais to York and is a pi icc ot iz milts S. of York, iind i**: '1 London. Lon. i. i.W. Lit. iiiA, anciently Sf.ikucia, a Purkty in Alia, in Cur.m.inin, fium tht fc.coaft, and 58 W. d CI* li.BF.R, an ancient epifro- of Afia, in Syria, feated on the eight milts N. "f Aniioch. STAUr, or SlLINCUNSTAnT, of Germany, in ilic eieftoratc V former!/ imperial. It is leatitl torifluencc of the rivers Gem- nd M-iine, 14 miles E. of Franc- 1 27 E. of jyienti. Lon. 8. 3:. I). 54. N. VKi;.\, a town of Turkey in Eii- 1 Rcmiania, Itated on the lea if ra, with an archbifhop's fee. It large place, but is now much dc- It is ^5 milts VV. of Conftantino- ,on. 18. II. E. ht. 41. 4- N. ^IKK, a borough of Selkirk fliirc, land. Its chief manufacture is boots and fljocs. It is ftated on er Ettrick, 30 miles S. of Edin- Lon. 2. 46. W. lat. 51;. 26. N. i.KiHKsiiniE, a county of Scot- nindtd on. the N. by Edinburgh- n the K. by Roxburglifhirc, on the Dumfrieslhire, and on the W. ! ',- ftiirc. It extends from N. to S. so miles, and about 10 from E. m lere broadeft. The principal rivas 1; Tweed, Ettrick, Yarrow, and IF.s, a town of France, in the de- nt of Loir and Cher and late pn- )f Blaifois, with a caftle, feated on erCher, ovef which is a handfonu- Ii milps S. E.jOf Stols, and 10 i aris. Lon. 1. 36. £. lat, 47. 25. N. TZ, a town of Fraijoe, in the di.- nt of Lower Rhjinp and late pn- if AKacc, felted oh |tl)p Rhine, 273 i. of^jftris. Xi(i^,5»,j»f.E. lat. 4^. b h N ^' SrMr.vnRiAii, a town of Turkey, in f.uronr, in Scrvia, rvith a ^;n'^d citadel. It ^vas tiiken by the Turks in ifn^o, and is l«atc(! on the Danube, 10 nults S. E of Bclgridc. Lon. 2?. 4:. K. ht. 45. ?. N. SKMMiAi.MA, fhc eaflcrii part of the duchy of Coui'and, fep irartd by the rivi-r Mafza, fnnn Courl.ind Proper. Miitau is the Capital. SKjtiNAUi, a tiwn of the kingdom of Naples, 2 2 miles N. E. r.f Ucggio. Lon. )'■•. 2 1. E. lat. 3S. 20. N. SfMi.iN, a town of Schvnni;', on the VV. fide of the Danube :ind Save, onpoiltc to Belgrade, 70 miles S. R. of LlTLtk. Lon. 21. o. R. lot. 4--,. 20. N. ■* Semi'acm, a 1)1 r.itifiil lake ofSwif. ferhnd, in the canton of Lucirn. It is three iniles lon^; nnd one broad. The banks on each f'dc flnpc gently to the edge of the water, and arc prettily cliick- cred with wood. Slmtach, a town of SwilTerland, in the canton of Luccrn, feated on a lake of the fame name, feven inilcs N. W, of the town ofLuctrn. This town is celebrate d for the great battle which eftabliflitd the liberty' of the Swifg, and in which Leo- pold duke of Aiiftria was dtfc;!ted ;'.nd flain. The anni\errary of this battle, •^vhlch happened on the 9th of July i}S6, is flill commemorated, with great folciii- nity, both at Scmpach and Luccrn. Lon. 7. 57. E. lat. 47. 10. N. Semi'R, a to.vn of France, in the Je- fiartnient of Cdtc d'Or ami late province of Burgundy, with a magnilicent church, a caftle, and a good n^anufaf^ory of dotlt. Jt is feated on the river Armanqon, over which are two handfomc bridges, 37 miles N.of Autun, and 135 S. E. of Paris. Lon. .\, I (J. E, lat. 47. 18. N. Skmc'R- F.N'.llRiENNOis, an ancient town of France, in the departmtht of Saone and Loire and late province of Bur- gundy, 40 miles N. \V. of Lyons, and 175 from Paris. Lon. 4. 12. t". lat. 46. M.N. Sknef, a town of Auftrian Brabant, four miles S. of Nivelle, famous for a bat- tle gained by the French over the prince of Orange, in 1674. Lon. 4. 36. E. lat. 40. 34. N. , . , . . Senloai., a kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, feated on a river of the fame tianic, which overflows like the' Nile, nnd much ibout the fame time of the year. It is 40 dayi before it comes to the height, when iTie river overflows its bartks, and the channel is diflicult to find by iHole who go up it in iJoats. The French oHce fent 30 men up this river, who row'ed 1000 kiilcs, undergoing great tmrdlhips, info- " ' SEN — ' raiich th.1t only fne returned barl: aliv*- Their boat once ftuck fall on tl< io|u of tmes, aiul they got li otFwith a gn 11 i'.^-A of difficiiltr. The kinffilom of Sene^il Was formerly very confidtrable, hut it is now reduced int 1 1 vcrr narrow compils : it is populous and full of tree^, bit ilie foil f.iiidy and b.irren, for whiill rcat'in they ne\crfov,- till the rainy fcnl'on foiiics on, in June ; .ind get in their haivoll in Sep. tembcr. Tin French had a forr and fwe- ii ry, ill an idand at the rriouth of this ri- ver, and were entire mailers cif the gum- trade. It il called Fott Louis, was taken l>vr the Fni^;Iini in i7-,li, and ceded to Great Britain by tlic peace of 1763 ; but hv the treaty of peace, in «7^J, It was re- ftorcd to France. Sine-/, a town of France, in the de. partmcnt of Lower Alps and late province r.f Provence, Itated in a rough barren coun- try, 4-) miles N. VV. of Ni^e, and 46 N. E. of Aix. Lon. 6. 40. K. ht. 43. 59. N. Sr.N' i.i'i, nn ancient to.'-n of France, in the departmtntof Oile and late province of the I lie of France, lately a buliop's fee. The cathedral has one of the hi'^lieft flee- pies in P" ranee. It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the river Nonelte, alinoft fur. rounded by a large forcft, jo miles I^. VV. of Mcux, and 57 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 2. 40. K. lat. 49. 12. N. SfNNAK, a lirgc town of Africa, in Nubia, capital of a kingdom of tlie laitic name. It is live miles 111 circumference, nnd Very populous, containing near 100,000 inhabitants. The houlcs are all one ftory liigh, tlat-roofed, and very iil- built J but the fuburbs contain only cotta- ges, covered with reeds. The king's pa- lace is I'urroundcd by high walls, of briiks dried in the fun, bu: is only a confufed heap rjf btiildiiigs. The heats are fo in- lupportable, that a man can hardly breatlr in tne daytime till the end of April, when the rainy feafon begins and conti- nues ihree momhs, at whiclitime the.air 13 extreniely unwholefome. Their raih- incdittes are elephants' te'eth, tamtriiids, civtt, tobacco, mid gold-dud'.' I'hcre is a market every day in the week, in the middle of the toWfi', where tl.ev fell all forts of provifions and goods. They have alfo a market i^ear the king's palace, where Haves are Icid : the fciualts lit on one i'lCv, and the niale on ant-ther, and the Fj^yp- tian nurchants buy grtat numbers of them cvcrv ycr.r. Their rtlii;lon is Mahf)me- tanilrn. They are an j'^iiorant fuptrfli- tiou?, and yet a cunning frrt of pepi?lc. The woinenof qu litv ha\c flight garments of filk, and wear rivg' of various metrfUoii their hair, arms, legs, cars, and fvneert. ■'■••-'- • • Q._q-4 • ■■ Their n Tlieir \tg} are pkcd, and thtf hare "oV a fiii/lc Itile f«iUn»d to ihtir fm wkIi faring*. Wfimen of » |ow rrfnk . .tnU (jir)'., hav»'- ninO naked. TIik nicrchandiic rc<|uirLil 11 S^nnar tre fpiccs. piip< r, hr^lo, lttr, parcntk of L«wit XVI. were inttrred in thii church, and here njs lately their nionument, a inafter- pitce of Ccjuhon's, crowned by two urii* united, rxprtlfive I, f the unullcralileafTiftiun of thinvirtunus pair. It wat the lad rcquvit of the unfortiinin^rf)m of Algiers; (ea«td a litrlt to ihc 'V/. • f Afglerir' ^pa. ?. a«. E. 111. 36. '^d. N. ' , : • SCrigpiO. a river of Iti^ly, which has jts l^uiriV in'ihe Appenniiies, iii Modtfna. Itcrc^fe^ the vilfey of Car(ap;>ana, ii» the •"ttrfltorv of Lucca, and (Mt tntothe Tuf- cin StrfV^vW holies from ihit mouth of the 'Ai»no. ■•""■;■'" ;' ■ .'"SfeWkWl'tjftSrholIlE V,a ffapor* town of S. Art*rti%'^iriBra'fiI,' capital of isgo.yerj». Kcnft oT the fiiitte nsihe,' 1 jo «>itei N. E. ■4i( S*. Sllvidur. X(.n. 39. U-^- Ut. ^j. r?oii jiidiij-wlal iiJJUJ Jf ,r>;LAt'-. ■' .1^ S E R Srnro, or St-ntAxir, tn KImJ of the ArchiiKlago, ^o milrti N. W.nf Nalit, and 7$ from the c^Aern coalt o, ih< M<<. rea, to the 8. B. of the ijuif nf Eiii;^j, eiKhi mile* in lenjnh, and hvc ii^bfcidth. It It full of mountaint and rocks, in whicu arc mmes of iron and loodlVine. The in. hubitanti arc extremely indolent, m will IS iliMr ancflltur*. Tney are all Cr«ek<, ind have btit one town, called St. Nicholo. which it a poor place. Loo. a^. 10. E. Li'. 37. n. N. '*' SftKiNGAr/iTAM, • ciiy ofihepe, ninfuiiof Hindoorian, capital of the kint; dmn of Myforc. It is fituattd in an iilaui of the river Cauvery. Thin idand it a Ixautiful fpot, contain^ elegant build- ings, (quares, groves, ana gardens. Thj maufoleum of Hyder Ali it one of the m.>l\ magnificent olnuj^k in the plare t it it fi- tuaitd on the 8. angle of thrr irt^nd, near an elegant palace of Tippoo Sultan't, and it furroundcd hv a grove of heaiitifiJ cy- prtjft treet. Thit idand it ftrongly for- tified i notirtthfianding which> Inrd Corn- wtllik, in 1 79X, here cnmpclltd Tippoo tu figii a treaty, by which he fftcrificcd one half of hit ibmioiont, and % vaft fum o* money, ta the E. India Company, and their allict the Malirattat and the Nixam of the Deccan. Serin if apatam ia 190 niilei) E. by S. of Madrat. Lon. 76. 4^> E. lat. la. ji. Ni SbHONCE. Sue StRONG. Skrpa, a fining town ,if Portugal, in Alentejo, feated oii a rugged eminence, where there it a good cattle, three miles from the river Guadiuna, and 8) S. E. of Liffcon. l«n, 7. 45. W. lat. 37. 47. N. Skrres, a large town of Turkey in Europe. V'idi an ardibifhop's fee. It i:, feated on the river C4!icoc. Loi^ ta.40. E. lat. 40. 54. fj. Sf-Rkis. a town of France, in the de- pariiiicAt of ypper Alps and late province of Dauphiny, 1 5 miles S. W. of Gap. §iRViA. a province of Turkey in Eu- rope, bounded on the N. -fey the rivers Pan\jbe arid iAy«, on/thp. R» by Pulgaria, on the W. by- Bi)!t>ia,' a«d on the S. by. Albania and Macedojiia, , j[t if al^ut i<)o miles in length, frouvE, tf| W.-^sitn breadth from .2^. to S. Slid divided iota foikr fanf^iacatcs, twoofwhich were ceded to: thfc Auftnans id a7i8,. wh« united ihu?(i inco attc. This Comm^«d liU^jTjij, sTbcn tfce Tiirks were viflorioufi, ;a.tid 'itey were ubtndoe^d to l)>em by, thttitreav^» of Belgrade. Tlie iiame^ ]9f. theflt ai'« Belg'-ad* t Semendriah, ^cupia, a4i4..Cr,atowo. fielgcade i^ the »• pual. ■■ • ■ • Servul •'■ijwr-flrr^/ S E R or StxrANTr, in HlanJ of sligo, ^o iT»ilf« N. W.of Nitii, tha ctllern coil) oi th« M<<< S. E. of ihc tjuir of EiiK^j in length, anit live ii» brcttirh. mouniiiint and rncki, in whtcit hf iron and loodftone. Ttic in. ^Tt extremely indolent, m will BlioM. Thty are til Or«ek<, lot one town, called St. Nichnla. Ipoorptacs. Lon. «<;. >o- £• ^'• JNGArATAM, • ciiy of the pf t iHindooltan, c(pit4l of the kini; IvrDFc. It ii fnuatcd in an illaui nr Csuvcry. Thin ifland ii a fpot, containg cleK»nc biiil3{ Hyder Ali i» one of the m ft nt ohjcflk in the plare t It ii Ti- the B. angle of thp id^nd, nf.tr t p.ibce of Tippoo Sultaa't, and idid hv a grove of hcatitiful cy- i. Thit ifland ii ftrongly for- inirithftanding which, lor4 Corn- I 1791, here cnmpcUcd Tippoo tu :Mty, by which ae facrificcd oni: ii ilomioioni, md 4 vaft fum d* [o the E. India Company, and tt the Mahratus and the Ni/.am eccan. Serinifapatam i« 190 niiiei) of Madraa. Lun. 76. 46. £. Ut. NGE. Sue SlRONO. A, a Aron); town .if Por(tigiI,' in >, feated on d rui;ged eminence, lere if a good cattle, three milc« u river Giudiuna, and 8] S. £. in. i4>ii. 7. 45. W. lat. 37. Es. a large town of Turkey in V'itlt an arrhbifhop's fee. It i^ n the river C4!icot. Lon. tt. 40. .0. 54. I<{. ' IS. a town of France, in the de- t of Vppc Aljjs and late province ihiny, 1 5 miles S. W. of Gap. ;M, a province of Turkey in Eii- oi\ndt'il oi» the tl. -by the rivcrv i(td 6y Pulgaria^ on the ttn'nia,! ^6 on the S. by. A!banu ((da(iia, 1 |t ifulyjut 'i<;o miles in FroinE, tT)»cn'Ulie Turks were uf, ;«,\id tiiey were abandoned to y, thtttreavv of Br)pf«de. Tlie if-;thc^ ar« Be!£Tarw- cd vafMity of h|;uii.4 of blue aiul white c<^. loiirs. &P.^s>i, an- tncirnt town of the kinp- ioin ot Naplet, with a bilhon't fee. Jt W4a fdrnirily very ronfidcrubic, a*d it to DiileaN. K. of Capu.i, atid ^o. N. nf Na- picf. I.on. I4-.I4' K.Ut.41. ir. N. Sesti-hi PiNKNiE, a ttun in the territory of Genoa, tivomilet W.of Ge- noa. Lou. i. j6. E. lat. 44. 14. N. hBbio, a town uf Italy, in the Mita- nelc, to ihe W. of the riVir I'efiii, ("t.vted at the place where it ^irocccdk froiu the Lago Maggtore. SkuTos, a ftrong caftlc of Turkey in J'lurope, in Romania, feated on thi- (Iniir of the Dirdaneliei, ift milet S. W. i, which comprehend 10 citirs of theiirft rank, and 83 of the fecond aqd third, befidc ar great niitnbtr o'f parriforn and forts. It js watered by the jjreat ri- ver YaLg-tfe-Kiang, ;»*(! )$ T^'flljr rich, rot only, on account of th« grent quantity offilk i; produces, but 1t« miftes of -Irpji, tin, anoJcad, as wtl> m its ambepj fupai-. canet, and iapit-iaiuti, Jt tikfeWifi abounds in mu(k, pretry finfiir Awiff 'IVirieitrftiws, faUrjw.dear, panriigtu^ftamihl ttM »'(ort vfutobfanvl vrtthv(J.)ISVi1<coolc, with a fretfcho, |, fu ft crcftcd by fir William S.-s^nA-.k'., lur,! n^yur of London in 1418, wlv;!. f»|.l jo have been a foundling', charifal.ly cduciicd by apcr- lonof ihiM t. wii. Quccu EliUbcih Uv- trig aiifjmtnt! J the iLVinuct uf ihc lUiool, it wa. ttilU-.l Qmcch Eliiabtth's School i and the wh It was rtbuilt of lloiic iu i7i:. Near thi< town is KidIc, .in nnci. tnt archiipiii pal palace of iht Ue of Can- terbury, which archbifhop Craiimcr ex- changed with the cni.vn for other lands, and quren Eli'abtth j; ivc to Tliuiiia, lord Biickhurft, aftciwar.. ear of Doilet, from whom it dclcciuled to the prclcnt duke of Dorlct. Jn 1450, the rtbd J.,hn C \de defeated the royal annv mar this town. Scvtnoaks is fu miles N. W.of Tunbridge, and 25 S. K, by S. of London. ' on. o, iS E. la*. 51. li). N. Sevj-.h, Si. a tcuvn of France, in t'n'N. \V. of Toleniino. Lon. kj. (•: E. lat. 43. i6.N. 5f-..v>:Jn,f(;;«, St. ^tTAvnofthe kingdom of Naplcsj .Itaied.vn. the riv'tr Sarnon. -■■ Sf VfRN-. a rivf.r of Enfiland, whyth Which is .fi-.uai.td partly; iu Moulgonntry. •JJiftt; iidnarilfip Cardij:.in(liirc, in 1^. ^'f S. .Wales'. .,FlpA.^iig.f)r(l acroft tlie 9. fidr ofMnngomfti-vniire, a'ndihen-turn- ing northward, it enters 6hrc plhirc frorti the S E V" S~E ^ m the E. above the Brythcn Hills, juft at its eontlucncc with the Vyrnew, or Wirncw, It is navigAljl'j in its wli.iic courft ihioiigli tliis cniincy, and entering Worccfterfhire, runs ihroii;^!i its \v!ii>i<; lenpth. In its couri'f, it waters WcKhpoul, Shrewlhury, BridK'-norib, Worcefter, Tewkcdjury, and Gloucefttr ; and entering the ica, its mouth is called the Brifiol Chinncl. This rive- h is a communication witli the Thames by a cr.'.ial. Stt Thamis. ■* Si,VKRN, THE Vai.E OK, A Ipacious »nd extenlivc vJile in Gluuceflcrlh^re, •which borders hdth fides of tlie river of ihe Tame nmiic, and wl'.ofc frtiit paluiris i'lirnifh the Riftgdom witii ihit chetie f>.r which the county is fo jiiitiy fanvms, - In this Vale, the air is fo mild, even in win- ter, that it fecms to enjoy a ditt'jrent cli- mSte from thit of the Cutfvi'old Hiils. See Evesham, the Vall or. * Sevekn, a Ihort inconlid.srable river ofN. Airretiua, in the flate of Maryland, whieh waters Annnpi)lis, and enters by a broad mouth into Cht.!';ipt:ak Bay. ''^ StvEKNUROoti, ail ifland of Ilin- dooftan Proper, 60 miles S.of Bombav, on which was a fort that belonged t) Aiigria the pirate, which was taken by commodore James, in 1756. See Shootkr's IIii.l. Si'Vi:uo, a town of the kin^d'1,11 of Naples, with a biihnp's fee, I'eated in a plain, 71; miles N. E. of Naples. Lun. 15. 34. E. lat. 4?. 40. N. Si'.VFRVs' \V\i.i, c-immonly called Graham's Dike, in the \V . of Scotland. It is a woik of the humans, and I'uppofcd to be done by the emperor whole name it bears, to prevent the incurficns of thePids and Scots. It bc£;an at Abetcorn, on the frith of Fonh, four miles N, E. of Lin- hthgo^v, and ran W. acrofs the country to the ri^thtif Cltdi, ending at Kirkpatrick, jidar Durnbarton.'' Sf.V'IV,t,f., .tn'ancicnt, rich, and hand- ■fomc city, capltaiVif Andiiluila, and one of the moft confidurr.ble in Spain. It is fcat- eiT hear the river Guad,^t(juiver, and takes lip more i.';round than Madiid, altliough it has fot-fb many inhabitants. It is of a found fofftj, Slid its forti'ications confift of oroUj.'h of DorftC- /liire, uitli a ccjnfiderable nsirkct for corn and cattle on Saturday. Ft is feared on a high hill, whtre the water is io Icaree, that the poor get a living, by fetchuig it from a great diftance, in pails, or on horfes. It enjoys, liowtver, a ft.rcne, wholelomc air, and has a vtry tine pr^f- pe«St. It had formerly 10 paril.'i churches which are now reduced to three. It is 25 miles VV. by S. of Sahlbury, and 101 W. by S. of London. Lon.i. lo.W.lat. m.o.N. Shannon, the largell river of IreLmd, which iffues from Loiijjh Alien, in the coiiniy of Leitrim, running from N. to S, and divide: the provinces of Leinfter and Connaught: it then turns S. W. pafles by th^ citv of Lvmerick, and falis into the Atlantic Ocean, between the counties of Clare and Limerick. Shai', a village in Weftmorland, at the fource (if toe Lodcr, between Orton and Penrith. It hid once a famous abbty, built in 1119; but it !s of no other no'.c, ex- cept fur fome great ftones, like pyramids, placed almoft in a dirct't line, for a mile together, at eight, ten, and tvvc'ivc yards diftance, of Inch iirmenl'e weight, tiiat carriages now in ufe could not fupport them : it uiidoubtediv was a place cf Druidical worfbip. The abbey ftood about a mile W. from the church, of which lit- tle exifts, except the tower iit the VV. end of the deflroyed church, and the ruins of an old bridge. It is %ii miles N. W. of London. * * SHArriNSHA, one of the Orkney Iflands, lying N. E. of Mainland. '■' SuthN, East, a hamlet of the pa- rifli of Mortlake in Surry, feated en an eminence, near the Thames, between Rich- mond tind Roehirnpton. * SiiLKN, West, the name of a ham- let rif the parifli of Richmond in Surry, which once flood a quarter of a mile to the N. W, of the old palace of Richmond. Here Henry V. fiiunded a ct^nvenr of Carthufi-.iDs, within tiie \\'alh of which Perkin Warbeck fought an afylum. An ancient gateVvay, the laft remains of this priory, was taken down in 1770; and the whole harnlet.confilUlig of 18 lioufes, was at tlie fauK- time dc/uoiiihed, and the fite '" ^"^SH E ""^~^- - of it made into a lawn, and added to the kind's inclofures. Sui.i.PWAsH, a town of Dcvnnlhire, whole market is dilufed. Jt is 12. niilcB S. of Buiiifcford, hP.d 205 W. by S. of L'lndon. Lon. 4. 11. VV. lat. 50. 57. N. She til NESS, a fort in Kent, leateyhich lie nbout 160 mile N. N. ^^ dl C;4itUncf»niurc iu Scotland, bt;- . SHI twcen 59. 56.and. -. ■ LocHf a.Tgreat «Tak^ in. ihff f Sutherlandiirire..'!-!* is dMtuX circuit. From this lake ifTueS itut, which t!«w»'4iKo the ft-fth V M "■ ,"!.j; J. J ■,'- ' ■!■ .-• ,fi(i' • >•, *» attcieh^t.iwnJh Worcj^f-! •Ugh furtounilei'. by'-VVarwWk r a- market oii.Saiurd»y'< - It is^ feaced S H R ' ftared on.the river Stour, 14 miles VV. of Banbury, and 8j N. W.of London. Lon. I. ts- W. fat. 51. 5. N. . SHlTTKKTflN.a village in Dorfetfhire, ia the parilh of Bcre-Rcgj', about a mile from which is a Roman encampment, wrh an wea of about fevcn acres. Its form is a long (luuare, with fm> ramparts and ditches. The length from E. to VV. is »iK paces, and th? breadth 150. A littJe to the E. of it wav a barrow, which contain- ed bones and R(.man coins. * 3HOAi.s. Isi.es OF, in N. America, on the coal\ of New Hamplhire.. They he very conveniently for the cod-filhery, which was formerly carried on here to great advantage ; but the inhabitants arc now few and poor. * SHoauav, N. and S. two vi'Iages In EfTcx, jiear the mouth of the Thames, and oppolite the buoy of the Note. Hence a point of land, called Shobury Ncfs, prcjefti* into the fea. iiHOGLt, a town of Afia, in Syria, fcated on the river Aii, anciently called Orontcs, over which there is a bridj(e of 13 arches. It is a large, dil'agreeablc place, but there is a go;>d caravunfary, where every traveller is iupplicd whh a compc~ tent portion of bread, broth, and meat. It is 18 miles S. by E. of Antioch,.and 45 S. »V. of Aleppo. Lon. 36. 40. E. lat. 35, io. N. * Shooter's HiLt, a village of Kent, fituated on a hill fo called, ein;ht miles E. &. E. of London. From this hill is a fine view of London, and into ElTex, Surry, and even part of Suflej. The Thames alio makes a magnificent appear- ance frim it. On a part of this lull, in the parilh of Elthara, is a lofty tower, eredled by lady James, to commemorate the reduftion, in 1756, of Scvcmdrooq;, a ftrong fort in the Eaft Indies, by her huf- baud commodore James, It is called Se- verndroog Caftle, is of a triangular form, nnd is feen at a great diftance. See Se- VF.RNDROOO. , ; *,Shoheham. a borouffh of SuflTex, whofe mark&t ii difcontinued. • Ifis com- fnonjy calledt .« - w Shorelvam , to di fti ngui fli it from the Oid, which.lies nearit, andis now <)f little arcaunti It is feated on an arm of the fea, which makes it a place of fome trade, but it his no hfi: harbour. It is 16 tniles N. VVi.of iNBwh.iv«n; and fC S. by W. of tondon. i.Ldn. 0.; t5."W, lati 50. 54. N. fi: i.T.i -i .;:;;jvj "' ■■■. t SHiiEWflBuair, vB; I.ii^e bomiiglt 'or Shropfliirt, and the Ciiuiiafof that c»?uiity, withlhreo thurkots, on •Wcilnct"Sfcv«ni, and S H R is a reftieflable ancient town, Inhsbired Vj in:iny families of i^'ontry. ft is the chief mart for a coarl'e kind of wooilpit cloth made in Monrgomcryihfrc, called WeKH webs, which are bought up in the c.*ui.*ry, and dreflcd here, whence thev are ftnt fur txporta'ion principally to America and' Flanders. Mucfi of •he Wellh rt'annel i* alfo boi!^ht at U'cllhpool by ths drapers of this pface, which is, ihdi.td the common mart fur all forrs of Wti.iK commodi- ties. It !■) alfo famous for its excellent brawn, which is lent to v^rifms parts of the kingdom. In 1283, Kd.vard 1. hclj a parHimcnt hc/c, when the lords f^t i.-. the caftle, and the cnmmons in a bars. Another parliament w,is held here in n^l, by ^ictiard 11. Near this town, ia 1403, was fought the bi>)cdy battle be- tween Hehry IV. and the inalccontents under Henry Percy, fum.iined Hot/bur, in which the huer was defeated md (fain. Shrewllury is 36 irilcs W. of Lichfield, ao N. \V. of Bridi^cnorth, and 160 N. W.of London. Lon. i. 41. W. lat. '51. 43. N. • • ' SHREwsnuRv. a town of N. Ame- rka, in the ftate of New JerCcy. and the hrgeft tmd iiioft populous m the countf of Monmouth. It is one of the oldeft towns in the ftaie, and is j; miles S. W. by S. of New York. Shropshire, or Salop, a county of England, bounded on the N. by Ghelhire, and a detached pnrt of Flintlh'ire; on iJie E. by Siaffoidlhire; on the S. E. by WoC- . cefterftiire; on the S. by Hereford (hire j on the S. W. by Radnorhiire in Wales; " nnd on the W. by the VV^cllh cnunties of Montgomery and Denbigh. It extends about 50 miles in length from N; tp ^. It , is partly in the diocefe of Ltreh field and Coventry, and partly in that of Hereford j' * contains 14 hundreds, i^ niarket-tqvnis, .,i and 170 pariOies; and fenrds ii tticmbif» " to parliaments The air is lafubrious, ^nd"' " not very fharp, except on the Hill?. I'he ' ^ 'oil is generally fruitful,,, el^t'tjalU^ in 'thf"" ' northern and eaAern parh^,' Which p'tbdilc^,' plenty of wheat and barley • biHtlle '(^iuthv!'^ ,^ cr:i and weftem, bcin;?; fpounjiSnrtXis, 'arci'' ' Ids fertile, yet yield (ViRici'iht 'pafturii'fdi-^;' ' flieep and cattle. There are.jBiiiieb df ' J lead, copper, iron, liitieftnn'c, ffeeftcine, ''^.' pipe-clay, and iHe^ihatfftib^c ^^-{I'its. '.' Over mod of the coal lles;^ ftr'atu'm 'of'" , ablackifit, b-ir^^iparoiti-ftfbQahte.'ccitttijji. ■"■' inggreat quantities of 'bitniti-ei^;AvhidH't(!i"*'-'^ ing groufld to pOwdct- in Ijioi-ftf-itiiUs', aJ((' '" bdiied in coppers, of whrtr, a'HftimTti'oui' ' '' latter fwi.-ns'on tht Ai'rf^trc', ^^'h'ieh' ^Bi''^ i^aooration. is broiic'it t(;i thc'toi^fiftklhti' ;* mn 'ei^aooratiori „ ,. .^ ...^ ^v..n..i..iivii 'of i>itch }'or, by tht^ hcfp of *n-oi4 ditti'.le* from •1 c S I A S I B from tht fiimc fubftnncc, nnd mixed with it, may l)e thinncl fi :i fort of t:ir; botli thefe lub'tancis fcrvt particuhirlv tor caiilkinv: of ihips, as well, if not Wrtcr than pirch and lar, btin^ Ids li;ibli; to cr«ck. The wo"! of many pnrts of this county ii remnrkabiy fine. The princi- pal rivers are the Severn and the Tend. The capital is Shrcwflniry. Sr AM, a itingdoni of Aim, bounded on the N. E.by that otLao', ; on the E. by Cambo- dia ; on the S. by a irulf of the fame name ; and on the W. by the bay of Bengal. It is 550 miles in lengtli, and n;o in breadth, though in fome places not above ^o. Jt is divided into the Higher and Lov er, and the foil produces plenty of rice; cottoM, and fruits, but different from thofe ni Europe. The animals are alfo pecu!i?.r to thoCe parts of the world. The French authors have e.vtolled it as the fineft and richeft country in the world ; and yet the inha- bitants, both men and women, go almoft naked. The better fort indeed wear rich garments. The king fhows himfelf but once a year to the common people. He is proprietor of aW the lands in the country, and no one can buy any merchandife till he has the choice of them. He generally keeps a numerous army, among which are 1000 elephants. It is a flat country, wjiich, in the ramy feafon, is overflowed ; fof which reafon moft of tlie houfes are built on pillars and they have no commu- nication for fome months but by boats. They are Pagnas ; but they have fome ideas of integrity and benevr)lencc ; for they think that doing good both to men and beafts is the principal part of their dtity. There are mines of gold, filver, tin, and copper, and they have plenty of pepper, aloes, benjamin, and mufk. The women are the only merchants in buying j'jOods, the men being generally maintain- ed by the i'.iduftry of their wives. The Europeans that come there to trade, gene- rally take wives for the time they ftay, who are not lefs in efteem when the men «re gone. The mandarins, that is, the principal men who daily attend the palace, are 3000 in number, and are whipt very fcverely with fplit rattans for the Icalt fault. Even the ladies are not exempted from this punifbment ; and they are Co far from being afliamed of it, that they ex- pofe their backs as they go along the lireets, to (how vvhat they hflve undcr- g'!BC, thinking it an honour to be taken notice of by fo. great a kine;. The inhabi- tants are well Ihaped, have large fore- he:... , little uofct, haadfome mouths, plumr> Jips, and black fparkling eyes. bothieses yo bareheaded, and the men are =13i of an olive cblour, with little beards ; hv.r the women arc of a ftraw complexir:,, and fnme have their cheeks a little r >: Thev have abundance ot wild animals n the woods, as elephants, rhinoccfof^, leojvards, and tigers. Their tame cattic are beeves, buffaloes, and hogs, of whici they have plenty abotit their farms. Be- fide which there arc large and dangeroii-, crocodiles, and fernents twenty feet long. Their temples at«d pritfts are ve'y nu- merous : the latter are ("iftinguifhed fmni the laity by an orange-colour'-d garment, and they keep their heads, bcard-J,' and eyebrows, clofe fliavcd. They have fchoo'.s for the education of th. r children, and tiu^re is fcarce any among them but what can read and write. Odlam, Jtithia, or Juda, is the capital. SiARA, a town of S. America, in Bra- fil, capital of a captainfliip of the fame name, which lies between thofe of. Ma - ragnan and Rio-Grande, on the N. coaft. In tlie neighbourhood is a fort, built upc.n a mountain, near the river Siara. Lon. 39. 3s- W. lat. 3. 15. S. SiiiK.RFA,a large country, comprehend- ing the miift northern part of the RuHiiin empire in 'Alia. It is boundecl on the E. by the Eaftern Ocean ; on the S. by Great Tartary ; on the W. by Rulfia ; and on the N. by the Frozen Ocean. It is ab;)ut zooo miles in length from E. vi W, and 750 in breadth from N. to S. The S. part is a very good country, pro- ducing all the neceffaries of life ; but the N. part rs extremely cold, almoft unctilti- vatcd and thin of people. The principil riches of Siberia confift of fine (kins and furs. Tobolfk is the capital town, where the viceroy refides. The inhabitants are of three (orts, Pagans, or the natives of the country ; Mahometans ; and Ruffians. The former dwell in forefts in the winter, a'id in the fummer on the banks of river-.. Their garments are the Ikins of wi'd beaRs. They have hows, arrows, aknifi, and a kettle, in which all their riches con- fift. They make ufe of raindeer avJ dogs, inftead of horfts, to draw thr ir fledges. They have feveral idols, wh\c!i they are tbmetimes difpleafed with, and will cither beat or burn them. They all live in wfetchelacc to place. N- r are the Mahometan Tartars, who dwell in theCe parts, fo ugly as Jn other places, Th* Rulfians fettled here are much t're fame as in- theii native country. Ii^ is throv*itli ail 44 SIB cblonr, with little heart!*; hv.f arc of a ftraw complcxirn. have their cheeks a little r ,: abundance ot wild animals :■ as elephants, rhinocci-of r., nd tigers. Their tamt cattle buffaloes, and hog's, of whic'i ,jlenty about tlieir farms. Be- there arc large and iiangeroiis and fcrntnts twenty feet loni;, jplcs and pricfts are vc-y nu- he latter arc ("iftinguiflied frDiii an orange-colour''d garment, ceep their heads, beardiJ,' ami _lo(e fliavcd. They have fchon's ucation of th. r child; en, and :ircc any among them but what nnd write. Odlam, Juthia, or he cipiral. , a town of S. America, in Bra- . of a captainfhip of the fame hich lies between thofe of. Mj- id Rio-Grande, on the N. coaft. ighiiourhood ii a fort, built up<'n in, near the river Siara. Lon. . lat. 3. 1 5. S. I A, a large country, comprehend- Kill northern part of the RaHii:n . 'Afia. It is bounded on the E. Eaftern Ocean ; on the S. by 'artary ; on the W. by Rulfia ; he N. by the Frozen Ocean, it 2000 miles in length from E. t<> 750 in breadth from N. to S. part !s a very good country, pro- ill the neceffaries of life; but the is extremely cold, almoft unculti- id thin of people. The princip.il f Siberia confift of fine ftins and robollk is the capital town, where roy refides. The inhabitants are : (orts. Pagans, or the natives of itry ; Mahometans ; and Ruffians. m:r dwell in forefts in the winter, he fummer on the banks of rivers, garments are the (kins of wi'd They have boA's, arrows, aknifi, ettle, in which all their riches con- "hcy make ufe of raindeer ar..' nftead of horfts, to draw their Thev have fcveral idols, whic!i ■e Jbnietimes diCpleafed with, ami her heat or burn them. They all iv»etched huts, which they rcmovt ace to place. Thofe in the fouth- ts are not much more polite ; but r.ve'horfes with which ihey go a ;, and their houfes, thou^jh poor, •fhifted from place to place. N- r ; Mahometan Tartars, who dwell ; parts, fo ugly as jn other place^. Ludians fettled here are much tVe IS iii- theii native country. It^ i' ihrov^gli ■SID thrcugh thi» vaft traft of land the Ruffian C4ravaits travel every year, when thty carry fhcir merchandifc to China. Tlic principl rivers arc the Oby, Lena, Ir- tylli, Venifei, and Okota. The wtftern !)iirt of Siberia is coniprifed iri the Ruf- ian governments of Tobolfk at^d Koly- van : all the eaflern part is contained m the government of Irkutzk. Siberia is the place to which criminals, as well as perfons under the difplcafure of the court, are commonly .baniflied from Rulli.i. SiCHtM, or RiCHtM, a town of Auf- trian Brabant, featcd on the river De- mer; and to the S. of it is a celebrated monaftery,. It is 18 miles £. of Alichlin. Lon. 5. o. E. lat. 51. fi. N. Sicily, an ifland of the McJiicrranean Sea, almod in the form of a triangle, ter- minating in three points or c;ipes ; that which is tieareii Italy i; called C.ipo del Faro; that wltich regards the Mortu, Ca- po PalTero; and the third, which pdi. • to Africa, Capo di Boco. Sicily is Itparatcd from the kingdom of Naples, by a narrow ftrait, called the Faro; but as Mcilina is featcd on it, it it called the Faro cli MelH- ca. The two kingdoms of Naples and Sicily are under the fame climate, and the produdliuns are much the fame ; but Sici- ly abounds much more in corn, particular- ly in the vallies of Noto and Mazara. The valley of Dcmona has more forells and frtjir-trees than the two others. Sicily is divided Into the vallicc juft mentioned, called Val di Demona, Val di Noto, and Val di Mazara. It is about i6<; miles loni;, and 1 12 broad. Its produce, ant al- ready mentioned, Ls wine, oil, filk, and •xcellent fruit. See N a plus,, SiDAYE, a ftrong town of Afia, on the N. coall of the ifland of Java, with a har- bour, Li, a town of Turkey in Europe, in M;ifed:;I,.on. 3. 15. V/. lat, 50. 3.«^,N., . ■„ .: ■ Sj>^fiff*qrSAYp,a feaport of Afia, in Palcftine. It was anciently a. place of j^reat Jtr^ngth, .Jiad an e^tsnlive trade, 1 S I E and is faid to be the' place where glafs was invented. It is rtill a place of fome note, has a good caltle, and a well-trcquented harbour. It is alfo the rcfuitucc ot" a Turkilh ba'haw. It is 41; miies W. of Damafcus. Lon. 36. <;. E. lat. 3^ tj.N.' S.'DKA, an ifland of the Archipelago, lying between the gulf of NapxH and that of Engia. L-jn. 24* o. E. lat. 37. o. N. SiDRA, a fpacious gulf on the coaft of Barbary, between Tripoli and Barcn, which takes its name from a fmail ifland at the bottom of the in\\{. SrtOEN, atown of (lermany, in Wttc- ravia, with a caflle, and the title of a pi in- cipality, which it gives lo a brnnch of the hdufe (■f'Nafi'au. It is featcd on a river of the fame name, 17 miles N. W. of Dillein- burg, and 37 E. of Cologne. Lon. 8. 5. K. lat. 50. 53. N. SEititHuuG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy of Berg. It is fubjeft to the eleftor pa- Urine, and is 1 5 miles from Cologne, Lcn. 7. 12. E. lat, CO. 43. N. SiEN.N A, a large, ancient, and celebrat- ed city of Italy, in Tufcany, capital of the Sijiinefc, with anarchbifhop's fee, a fa- mous univerfity, and a citadel. It is abwit four miles in circumference, and furround- ed by an old wall. The Gothic metro- politiin church is much elleemed for its crcliiteflure. It is built with black and white inarble, and the pavement is of IMofaic work. Sienna is not very popu> I'lus; but the women have inorc free- dom than in any other place in Italy. It is adorned with a great number of pala- ces, fountains, and fupcrb churches, and with a magnificent hofpical. The great area is round, and the houfe* about it "are of the fame height, fuppoi ted by piazzas, under which the people may walk in all weathers. In the middle is a bafin, which they can fill with water at anv time, and reprclenr a feafight with fmall velTels. The Italian language is taught here with fuch purity, that a great many foreigners frequent it on tlwt account. It is feated on three eminences, in a fer- tile foil, 36 miles S. of Klorence, and 105 N. by W. (if Rome. Lon. 11. n. E. ht. 43. 10. N. SiENNKSK, a duchy of Italy ; boumlcd on the N. by 'the Florentine ; on the S. by the Meditcrranenn, and the duchy of Caftrc; on the E. by the Pj/ugino, and Orvictano; and on.tb: W. by the Floren- tino, and the Tmcjin. Sa(i. It is about 55 miles in lO'jgtb* a^d as much in breadth. The foil i= prcny, fertile, efpeciaily in jTiuIbcrry tr«es, which fccJ,"^ jg**J^. num- ber S I E SI G bcr of ftlkwormi, and thei'e nre Ctytral be ultimztelf Aiccersful, we miy expcA^ mineral fpringt. Sienna is the capital in time, many important partic»lan re- town. fpciling the country, which, hitt.crto, hsi Sierra Lrovr, a large cniintry on b«en folitiie known to Europeans, that none .the W. coaft of Africa, lb named, accord- of the accounts communicated by former ing to fome authors, by the Portegocfe, on account of the mountains on thb coaft abouncfing with a great number of lions. Some extend its limits from the Grain Coaft on tht; S, E. to Cape Vf rga or Vega on the N. VV. that is, between 7" and 10" N. lat. Others, hr>wcver, cnndne the country between C^pe Verga and Cape Tagrin. * Sick R A LeoWe, a great river of Africa, in a country of the fame name. Its fource is uncertain ; but its month, in Ion. iz. 30. W. lat. 8. i;. N. is nine miles wide. In the open and plain coun> try, on the banks of tliis river, tl>e beat of the fun, before any, breeze arifcs, is almoft intolerable; but as a rcfreihin|r gale con- fiantly fpringt up alumt noon, it renders the country verviupportable. The whole tra£k, on uath (ide the river, is ricti in rice and millet, which is the chief fuftenance of the inhabitants ; and, upon the whole, it is one of the bort countries on the coaft. In i7(>f , an a^ of parliament was obtain- ed, incorporating; a comp.^ny, called the vcyagcri! arc fafely to be relied upon. ^ SiERUA Lboke, or Mountains OF THE LioNS( mountains of Afriea, tvbirh divide Nigritia from Guinea, and extend as far as Ahylfinia. They were ftyled by the ancient* the Mountains of God, on account of their being fubjeft t» thunder and lightning. Sierra Mokcna, mountains of A.i- iUlufia, in Spain, which divide that pro- vince from Eftramadura and New Caf- tile. , StFANTO. or Sifhanto. an ifland of the Archipelago, to the W. of Paros, to the N. E. of Milo, and to the S. W, of Serphanto. The air is fo eood here, that mpi.py of the inhabitants five to the age o;:' i to, and their water, fruits, wild- fowl, and pouhry, are excellent, but more eCpccially the grapes. It abounds with marble and granite, and is one of the moft fertile and bed cultivated of thefe iflands. The inhabitants employ tliemfclvcs in cuhirating olive-trees and capers, and they iiave very good filk. Sierra Leone Company, for the exprels They trade in figs, onions, wax, honey, purpofe of mitivatir- vV. India and other ~ " tropical prod ti6lions on the banks of this river. The firft fettlers amounted to joo white per^jns. btfidc a number of frcn blacks from 'Nova Scotia. The natives and ttraw hats. Lon. 15. 15. E. lat. 37. O.N. SiirrvERNESS, a vil'age in Hert- fordfhire, in the parifh of Caldicote. It had a walnut-tree, in i6*7» for which appeared to be extremely friendly, apd a Mr. Penii, the lord of the manor, was of few, in 1791, had conic to work for the colony. On the fctring in of the rains, about the latter end of May, the fame year, a confidcrablc degree of ficknefs and mortality prevailed, occafioned chiefly by the intufHcieney of the temporary habita- tions, which could not be completed be- fore the rains fet in. Thirty-five white pcrfons (of whom 14 were lolJiers) and many of the blacks, died of this ficknefs. TUe next year, the letting in of the rains was not produfiVivc of the fame fatal ef- fctts. The colonics were in good health, were all put into potrslfion of fmall lots of land, and a new town, on a regular and extended Icaie, was begun to be built. Befide the N'lva Scotia blacks, a large party of the natives were at worji for tic company, and the experiments in fugnr, cotton, &c. appeared to be promifing. fcred 50I. It covered 76 poles of ground, pj^ and tiip weight of the boughs on each (jj, fi !e cleft the trunk in two. Mr. Penn nad 19 loads of plank out of iti a eun- tlock maker in London had as much as cod lol. carriage, and there were 30 loads more of roots and branches. SioAV, or Stkgak, the capital of the province of Shenfi, in China. Here are a great nnmber of palace*, It is buih » in the form of an amphitheatre, on the ;»( river Guei, in • pieafant rauntry. Lon. wl lo-i. 15. E. lat. 34. 46. N. wa SicETB, or ZiGAT, a town of Lower mi Hungary, capital of a eeunty of the fame the name. It is feated in a morafs, has a p!; triple wall, with ditches full of water, ^d wi n defended by a citadel, being one ^ tin the itronyrew places in Hungary. It no\<'- vii bel'xtgs to the houfe of Aaflria, and V The native chiefs and people continued to was rccaksn from the Turks in 16691 be extremely friendly; and the compfi- after it had been blocked up two years, ny's fchools were regularly attended by It is 50 tain N. W. of Efieck. and 38 300 children, among whom were fotne W. by S. of (^oiocza. Loa. iS. 58. £• children oi the natives. Should this colony lac. 46. 17. U, 7 SlOTVMA» S I G ftjccefsful, we may expeft* ly imponant particnlan re- country, which, hitt.r rto, hat cnown to Europeans, that none nts communicated by former lafely to be rtHed upon. Leoke, or M0UHTAIK« .oNS| moun»ain« of Afrtea, Ic Nigritia from Guinea, and ar as Abyffinia. They were \e ancient! the Mountains of :ount of their being fubjeft t» I lightning. NfoKENA, mountains of A.i- Spain, which divide that pro- fiftramadura and New Caf- l o. or SfPHANTO. an ifland cltipelago, to the W. of Paros, E. of Milo, and to the S. W, nto. The air is fo good here, of the inhabitants five to the >, and their water, fruits, wld- I poultry, are excellent, but ucially the grapss. It abounds ble and granite, and is one of fertile and bcft cultivated of mds. The inhabitants employ ;s in cukivating olive-trees and ind they have very good filk. ide in figs, onions, wax, honey, V hats. Lon. »$. 15. E. iat. 37. VERNESS, a vil'age in Hert- :, in the parifli of Caldicote. It valnut-tree, in i6»7, for which 111, the lord of the manor, was of- 1. It covered 76 pole* of ground, weight of the boughs on each Ft ihe trunk in two. Mr. Penn loads of plank out of it ; a gun- laker in London had as mucn as 1, carriage, and there were 30 ore of roots and branches. iN, or SiKGAK, the capital of the e of Shenfi, in China. Here arc : number of palace*, It is buiJt form of an amphitheatre, on the luei, in a pleatant «»untry. Lon. ;. E.lat. 34. 46. N. STH, or ZiCAT, a town of Lower ry, capual of a county of the fame It is feated in a n»T«fi, has a vall, with ditches full of water, ind nded by a citadel, being one «€ onjrew places in Htingary. It no\r. i ti> the houfe of Auftria, and etaksn from the Turks in 1669, t bad been blocked up two years. o m les N. W. of Effeck, and 3» y 9. of Oolocza. Lon. 18. 58' *• I. I'/. iS. SlOTVMA, I ' S I L ' SiCTUNA, ap apcient town of Swu- tkn,' in Upland, feated on the lake Mas- Kr, between Stockholm and Upfal. SjoUENaA, a ftrong town of Spnin, ill Kcw Caftilc, with a univcrfity, an arclibifliop's fee, and a caftle, in which is an arlenal. The univerlity confifts of ftvtral colleges; but tlie moft confidcr- 1 r.b!c ftruft'.ire is the cathedr'il. The air ib very cn!d in the winter ; but they have a great deal (if wood for firing. It is fiated on a hill, at the font rif Mount Atienca. 00 inilcs N. E. of Madrid. Lcn. J. 41. ''V. Iat, 4;. 6. N. 4tL<^.si'\, a jirovince of Gcrminy, ivithth.^ title f,f a diidiy. It is l^i.unil d on the N by thr. marquif^te ff Branden- burg and V.lari'l ; '11 ilu- S. by -Munvia anJ MiiiiMarv ; on the E. Uy Poland ; and on the '.V', oy Ljvcr Lufatia and B-ilic- mia. It iiii B ihtmia. There are mines cf g')M, and (ilver-, but they have not been worked for many years. Tl.ere are alfo (onie prccioi's ftones, but t'o much time is re- qaircd to obtain them. The higtseft mountain cf Silefia is called Zotinberj; : it ii fituated in the principality rf Schwcid- iiitz, and is 104 miles in circumftrmce. The inoft confiderahle fiiver mines at pre- fcnt are at Rcitftcin, in the principality of Britg. There are alfo mines of lead, copper, and iron, and quarries of various ftones, befide antimony, ralt;)etre, Culphur, slum, vitriol, quicklilver, kt. The prin- cipal manufafture is linen cloth ; and they have alfo fomc woollen manufa(^tories, and jtlalshnurcs. They feed a great number of cattle, have large ftuds of hnrfrs, and plenty of game in the woods. They have but few lynxes and bears, and fewer wolvc?, becaufe they give a ducat a head for every one that is killed. They have a great many Inkes, full of pikes, carps, and other good fiih ; alio plenty of bets, wliich produce a great deal of honey and wax. They have wheat, barley, oats, rnillet-feed, and turnips, fuificient ' for the ufe of the inhabitants ; and in fome places, they cuhiva:e faffron ; but their wine is very bad, and therefore they turn it moflly into vinegar. Silefia is di- vided into the Upper-and Lower. In the Upper, the inhabitants are' generally Ro- man Catholics, fptaking the Politli lan- guage : in the Lower, they are almcft all P.Oteftants, and fpeak their mother trnguc. Silefia is: divided imo 17 fmiil duchies, and fcven free dates, without compretiending the county of Glat/. The greati-ft part of this country was ceded to the king of Prullia, in 174s, by the treaty of Breflaw. S11.ISIKIA, nr DoRr.sTRO, t town of European Turkey, ir Bulgaria, with a citadel, and an urchbiiliop's fee. It is ftated near the confluence of the river* MiIFdvo and the Danube, 97 miles N« E. of Nicopnli, and 170 N. E. of Adri- anople. Lon. 27. 3 i. E. iat, 41;. o. N, SiLtEUAR, a fcaport of Afia, in the iflt^nd of Sumatra, (eatcd on the weftern cuall, a lutle S. of Beucoolen. Lon. loi. o. E. iat. 4. o. S. "^ Sin,K-Lt-GuiLLAUME, a fmall, but commercial town of France, in the dtj,artmtni of Sartc and late province of Maine, 10 mile. N, E. of Mans, '■ Sjmbiusk, a government of Rulfia, formerly a p'(ivincc cf the kingdom of Knf'.n. The capital, of the fame name* is itated on the river Voli;a. Sr.MMEiitN, a town of Germany, iit the circle of the Lower, Rhine, capital o£ a ducliy of the fame 'name, with a ftrnng caflle. It belongs to the ele£lot palatine, and is feated on the river Sim- mcren, ifi miles W, of Mentz, and 35 E. of Triers. Lon. 7. 41. E. Iat. 49. 51, N. Simon's St. See FREDtniCA, SiMoNTHonNA, f. flrong town o£ Lower Hung;.-\ in the county of Tolna^ with a fcrtifieo caftle. It was taken from. the Turks in i685, and is feated on the river Sarwige, in a morafs, eight miles from Tolna. Lon. 18. 16. £, iat. 41^*,,, .^ 40. N. SrNAi, a mountain of Afia, in Ara- bia Petrea, and in a peninfula formed by the two arms of the Red Sea. Here the law was given to Mofes, for which rea- fon the Mahometans have it in great ve- neration ; and here the Chriftians have a monafttry, which formerly contained a great number of monks, and there were a great number of little chapels and cells for hermits. The motiaflcry is furround- ed by a high wall, and thofe that go in and out, arc let down, or drawn up, in bafkcts. Lon. 34. 15. E. Iat. lo, 2. N. Sincai*orA, a promontory of A(ia, at the S, end of the peninfula of Ma- larca, oppofite to the liland of Sumatra, which, with the Malicca coaft, form the ■■, ftrait of Sincapore. Lon. 104. lO. E, Iat,' ' ., 10. N, * SiNDE, See Indus and Tatt A, SlNDY, a pr{»|IhA of Hindooflan Pro. , ■^Rr psr,''"^- Mr S I N Si V vu v,« MilcrAn % nor?, and are tint permitted to crcA any pa- per, bou.ukcl on the W. bv MAk""' ^^ " jj „, ,,,„^f ^vorlhip; am this le- ■rovincc of Tor .a J on the N. by the t r- r u . v ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^f ^,,^,„ !.,„ri.s "fthe ';mfi "f C..!^^^^^^^^^^^ X7counuies. The inUnd parts ot S.n- N. K. by thole ot t'^'-, ^^X' ' L , ' rf. producclaltpctrc, fal-nrnmoimc, lio ax, K. by a l.uHly ^'^^^f ' ^^ ,^ , "„tt" l\ b zoar. lapis la^z.li. and raw fil!.. They Cutth. It extends alon;; tuo c<'U"<- .Uingthrough'thcmidft of _.hi. level ,alley, and annuallv ov.rfl.wing it. Uur- They have alfo manufaftories of cctton and filk. of various kinds; and they make line ca- binets, inlaid with ivcry, and tincly lac- (luercd. They alfo export great quanti- ties of butter, clarified and wrapt up in duppas made cf the hides of cattle. 1 he ladies wear hoops ct ivory, on both their arms and le?s, and when they die, they are burnt w'ith them. They have large black cattle, excellent mutton, and (ma.l luirdy horlts. Their wild game- are deer, hares, antelopes, and foxes, which thcv hunt with dogs, leopards, and a fmall fierce creature called a nuahgufli. S.N GO, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Maced.mia. on the coaft of the gult ;t^;r\rtrrrNr;^c:;ioo;;"or of Monte Santo. Lon.M.o.E.lat.4C. , at^eaft in the months ial '"ll'-'b'""" ?^ Cnorts die old minous'^nd-deferted epil Slndy, and were reckoned, '■»"?»•■» '"^1,,/ °orhe fecond, denominated Hamilton's time, to outnumber the Ma- S^W'^"' ^he remains of the old cathe- hometan* ten to one.^^- treated wth J j">^^ ^« few £^8 belonging to the great tigouv by their NtSlomctan gover- draJ, ana a. icw iwui j, o ^^^^^^ iuid on the river Nie^la, 17 miles from Pcluro, and 34 E. of Urbiuo. Lon. i.v ig. ]':. lar. 43. 4<- 'N. , ^ , \iNoi-i;, a h double ramparts; but the caftle is very -u.ch negkfted. The inhabitants racTurK . who will not admit any Jcv.r, and the Greeks are obliged to live in the luburbi. It is the birthplace of Dioge- nci the cvnic piiilofophcr, and is leated on an iUhmus of a pcmnfula, m the Black Sea. Lon. 33- 55- ^- 'a'- 4'- c N. SiXT/HEiM, a town of Germany, m the circle of Suabia, and in Cratgow, belonging to the ck-aor palatine. It is Icatcd in a morafs, it miks b. i'- of Heidelberg. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 49- 1 - N ^SioN, anancknt town of Swifferland, capital of the VaUai^. It is f.tuated nenr the Rhone, at the foot of three infulaed rocks, that rife immediately from tlie plain. The higheft. called^ ^Tourb.llon, ilie S 1 o nt permitted to crcA any pa- cs of worlhip ; ami this I'e- vaft numbers of thciri into 5. The inland pans ot Sin- tpctrc, fal-nmmoniac, borax, Uziili, and raw fil!'.. The/ lufrtftories of cctton and filk. nds ; and they make line ca- with ivcry, and tinciy lac- cy alio export great quanti- r, clarified and wrapt up in : of the hidt.3 of cattle. The [loops < t" ivory, on both their 's, and when they die, they ith thtm. They have large excellent mutton, and ImH.l ;. Their wild game are deer, iper, and foxes, which thcv dogs, leopards, and a fmall re called a fliiahgudi. I town of Turkey in Europe, lia. on the coaft of the gulf anto. Lon. 14. o. E. lat. 4c. a town of Afia, in the kina;- im, and on the coaft of Ma- 1 at the mouth of a fmall ri- : gulf (( Patana. Lon. loi. 6. 40. N. '.LiA, a handfome and ftrong dy, in the mnrquifate of Anco- caftle, and two harbours ; Icat- tacoaft, in an unwholefome air, c river Nieola, 17 miles from I 34 E. of'Urbiiio. Lon. 13. ^^a decayed feaport of Turkey 1 Natolia, furrounded by walb, ,1c ramparts; but the caftle is h ncgkfted. The inhabiiants who will not admit any Jcv.r, rteks are obliged to live in the It is the birthplace of DioRC- i,nic piiilofophcr, and is leated ihmus of a pcninfula, in the a. Lob. 33- 55- K. lat. 4'- iiEiM, a town of Germany, in .. of Suabia, and in Cratgow, to the cleaor palatine. It in a morafs, it miles S. K. Iberg. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 49- an ancient town of Swifferland, f the Valbis. It is fituatednenr ne, at the foot of three infulatcd hat rife immediately from the rhc higheft, called TourbiUon, the old ruinous and deferted epil- ace. On the fccond, denommated are the remains of the old cathe- d a few boufes belonging to the canvns. S I R c:»nons. On Miynrin, the third rock, liands the prcfcnt epKccpd palacp, an edi- fice of (lone, built ill i;47; the apart- ments furniftied with vr, 1- [ .inncfs and Imiplicitv. Sion was ..micrly the tapi- t:il of the Seduni, who iiihahiud this part of the country in the time of Ju- lius C.iif.ir; and lome Roman infcripti- nn* ftill remain to attell if. antiquity. Iti bifliop is a prince of the d. r . Jt 5s 50 miles E. of Geneva. Lon. 7. 11. P.. lit. 46. 6. N. See Vailais. Sion, a famous mountain of Al.a, in Judca. It joins to the S. fidi. of Juru- ialem. SiOR, B town of Afia, capital of the kingdom of Corca, in the province of Sangado, feated near a large river. Lon. 126. 5. E. lat. 37. 30- N. Siour, a town of Africa, one of the lirgeft and mod populous in Egypt. It has fcveril mofques, and is the fee of a Cophtic biftiop. Here are the ruins of an ancient amphitheatre, and fomc fepulqlires nf the Romans. It is furrounded by de- lightful gardens, and fine palm tretu tlmt hear the bell dates in Egypt. This place ii the rendezvous of thofc that go in the caravan to Scnnar. in Nubia, it is a mile from the river Nile, and li^ S. of Cairo. Lon. 31. 24. E. lat. 27. J.N. SiPHNO, a town of tlic ifland of Nsnfio, in the Archipciaj^o, with a Greek archbifliop's fee. SiRADiA, a town of Great Poland, cip'tal of a palatinate of the fame name, with a caftle. It is feated in a plain, on the river Watra, 62 miles N. E. of Bref. bw, and 105 N. W. of Cracow. Lon. i3. 51;. E. lat. 51. 3i- N. * SiRHiND, a very ancient city of Hlndoullan Proper, i,i the province of Delhi. M. Condamine fays, tint the art rf weaving filk was brougiit back to L'onftantinople, in the i6th century, by the monki who returned from Sirliind (nr ^iritnk; according to him) ; for, a!thou.;h the art was brought int<, Europe, under ilie Roman cmp-.'rors, it hid aj;ain been luft during the confufions that urtcnded the fiibverfion of the weftern empire. It is worthy of remark alfo, that Procopius tikes notice, that in the time of Jultinian (the 6th century) filk was broiiiiii'. frorn Serinda, a country in India. Sirhind is 195 miles N. W. of Delhi. Lon. 75. tv E. lat. 29. 5s. N. ' SirChari.es Hardy's Island, an ifland in the S. Pacific Oc^an, difcoyer- ed by captain Carteret in 1-767. It is low, level, and covered with Wood. Lou. 154. ao. £, lat. 4« ^u S. SIS * Sir Ciiaki I s Saunders' Islano, an ifland in the S, Pucilic Ocean, difcover- »'d by captain Walln in 1767. It is iibiiut (ix miles liinj; from E. to W. The na- tive? appeared to live in a wretched n).\n- ner. Lon. i^i. 4. W. lat. 17. j8. S. SiRiK, a town of France, in Lor- riin, 'iz'.cd on the river Mofelle, 14 miles S. E. of Luxemburg. It is defended liy a ciili!'.', (catcd on a nti;'hbouiing hill, and lias bel mged to Frsiice, ever finte tlu year 1643. Lon. 6. 38. E. lat. 49. 36. N. * SiKiNAGUii, a l.irgc rugjrf 3 country of Afia, between liiiulouftan f roper and Tlii'uet. It is bounded on the N. and N. E. by ihc Thihttian mouiitai:is, on the S. E. by Napaul. on the S. by Rohilh, on the S. W. by Delhi, and on the N. VV. by Lahore. Sirinainir is the capital. * SiRis'AGUR, the capital of a country of the fame name, ir ifia. It is 160 miles N. of Delhi. 1 .;. 7 33. E. lat. 30. 59- N. " Si lus Isi.AN", an iflnnd of the 5. Pacific Ocean, aho.. 18 miles in circuit, difcovered by lieutenant Bill, Ih 1790. Lon. 162. 30. E. lat. 10. 51. S. SiRMicii, an ancit t and ctlebratcd town of Sclavonia, capital of ,1 county of tlic fame name, wi:h a hiiliop's fee, feated on the or liofvc'h, near the Save, 42 miles S. E. of Kficck, and 17 N. W. of Belgrade. Lon. 20. 19. E. lat. 45. 1 5. N. * SiRoVG, or Serovgf., a large town of Hindootlan Proper, in ihe province of Malwa. Lon. 7S. 4. E. lat. 24. 4. N. SissAC, a town of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Bafil, capital of the fmall territory nf Sifgow. Sisbio, a fnir.ll town of Ci ntia, with a monalUry. It is fubjc£i to ilie lioufe of Aull(i,i, and i^ featid on the river Save, 2S miles from Zngravia, and 42 E. of Carliladt. Lon. 16. 17. E. lat. 46. 6. N. SissopoLt, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Rorainla, with an archbiihop's fee. it is very chin of people, and feat- ed on a fmall peninfula of the Ul.xk Sea, 25 miles S. of Mefembria, and 97 N. W. of Conftantinople. Loa. 2S. 9. E. lat. 42. 30. N. SisiERON, a town and late cpifcopal fee of France, in the department cf the L' wer Alps and late province cf Pr )- Tcncej feated on the right brink of the Durance, at the foot of a rotk, on the top of which is a citadel. This citadel was the prifon of Cafimir V. king 0' Pjland ; a pnncc who experienced miny remark-. ibie vici/UiuJes of life. Sitler^n is 41 R r 2 milts M SKI • milt* K. E. of Aix, and 35 S. W. of Embrun. L"". f-- ■■ V.. Ux.u- ««• N- SibTOV, a villakje in Glouceltcrlliire, feven mile-,, from Briftol, f.tuattd in a plciant vale, on n rivulet which_ nits here, and mns into the Avon. Tin ore has been found here. Here is a manu- faftory of brafi., and anotlier of fali- ^*s7tia, a town of Greece, rn the N. eoaft of tlic ine of Candia, fcatcd near • » bay c,f the fime name, s^ miles from Catclia. Lon. 26. 19. E. lat. 3 5- o N 'siTT vnn, a tONvn nf Germany, jn the ci.clc of VVc(>phi.li:. and duchy of Ju- licrs, I't.uca near the river Mi-xfc, 10 miles S. of Ruren.oiul, on the conhnes of LimburR. It belongs to the eleftor palatine. I.on. ,. ^o. E. lat. ^o. 58. N. SixrifUiiu'RV, a town of Kent, m the road to Canterbury. It ^v.;^ •"<^"'•- poratcd in the reign of (lueen Llifabeth , and bai iVveral pond inns at one of which rthc Red Liun) Henry V. and his retinue, on his return from France, xvere treated bv a gentleman of the name of Norwood, at the expcncc of '.nc. Se.: Kt.swiCK. Skip i ON. a haudiome town in the W. riding of Yorklliire, with a -arket on Si- tuiday. It is feated m ar the liver Aire. 41 iiuK . S. by ;•:. of Richmond, and mi N. by \V. of London. I.on. z. 41. v\ . lat. ;t. tft,. N. , . - "Sii'k I., an ifland in ScniUnd, one ot the Kirgeft of the Weaern iflands. It li JO miles in leiit;th, and in fouie pla(.e. above .0 broad. The S. R. end of tl... ifland is feparatcd from Invernelslhiie ('o which it belongs) by a very narrow chan- nel called the Inner Sound; in the moll narrow part of which, named the Kyle, canle are made to fwim acrofs. This hdc of the ifland fwells gradually from the iliore in a verdant flope, adorned here aiul there with trees, over which arc Icen the naked hills of Strath ; and above t hele riles the rugged top of CuUin or Cuchiil- hn. " On the S. W." fays Mr. Pennant, " arc fcen a feries of rude mountains, diU coloured blaek and red, as by the rage of lire ; and rm the E. a long extent of hi Is. towering in all the forms of Alpine wild- ncfs." There is, notwithftandmg, a great proportion of level ground, with exceller.t pafturaee. There arc numbers of (.ecr and different kinds of game in this iflan-l, which abounds with limeftonc, marble, ^c The bafaltic columns, refemhiir- the Giant's Caufeway in Ireland, are us grcateft curiofity. A cave, at the K. end Sf the ir.and, afforded an affyliim, m ha':- to the difappointed pretender, and lir faithful guide, for two nights. Many thoufands of black cattle are annually ex- ported hence. Some fmall horles arc breo, and a great quantity of kelp manufaauri.l here. Portree is the only place in this ifland worthy of bcins? mentioned. Sl AGUES, a ("mail town of Germany, in Pomerania, feated on the river Wipper, 10 miles from Rugenwald. Si akev, a town of Bohemia, former.v a handfome city; but fince Prague is crown fo large, it is much decayed; however, the caftle is ftill in being. It IS i« miles N. W. of Prague. Lon. 1^ i-T. E. lar. CO. 16. N. V Slatk, a diftrift of the ifland ct Skve, one of the Hebrides of Scotland. It IS on the S. E. fide of the ifland, and a a peninfula, terminating in a rugged piv- n-cr*^crv, called the Point of Slate. ■ • Slawkaw SLA Derwcntwater. Here carliJ iidi of pay rtlorr. Tlii. rot iliffitiilt of Hcccfs, snd in gra's, wliicli prailu.illy v,xrne town in the W. rklhire, with n -arkct on Si- is ItMictl ni ar thj river Airi-. by "li. "f Richtiinnd, iind Jti /London, l.on. 2. 41. W. an idnnd in ScotUnd, one ot )fthc Wedcrn idands. It i. 1 k'li-th, and in foinc pbtt. road. The S. R. ciid of thi'i »ratcd from Invurnelslhiie ('n lonjjs) by a very narrow chaii- hc Inner Sound; in the moll t of which, named tlie Kvie, lade to fwim acrofs. This iiric nd fwells gradually from ilie verdant (lope, ndorned here and trees, over which arc Teen the s of Strath; and above thele I'TRcd top of Cullin or Cuchul- "the S. W." fays Mr. Pennant, a feries of rude mountains, diU aek and red, as by the rage of n the E. a long exfent of hills, 11 all the forms cf Alpine wild- here is, notwithftanding, a great of level ground, with excellent There are numbers of detr :nt kinds of gaine in this idand, )unds with limeftonc, marble, I bafaltic columns, refemblin;^ 's Caufeway in Ireland, are iis iiriofity. A cave, at the E. end nd, afforded an affyliun, in >74';' ifappointed pretender, and hr zuide, for two nights. Many ; of black cattle are annually ex- ncc. Some fmall horl'es arc bred, at quantity of kelp manufaaurt.l ortrce is the only place in this rthy of bcins? mentioned. L'EN, a fmall town of Gertinny, ■ania, feated on the river Wipper, from Rugenwald. ^ EY. a town of Bohemia, formtr.y ome city; but fince Prague is fo large, it is much decayed ; , the caftle is ftill in being. It xs N. "VV. of Prague, Lon. iS It. i;o. 16. N. . .„ , c XT v., a diftrift of the ifland ct ,ne of the Hebrides of Scotland, the S. E. fide of the iiland, and a ula, tenninating in a rugged piv- ■, calitd the Point of Slare. Slawka^' SuAWKAW, or AusTERLiTZ, a town of Moravia, capital uf a circle of the lame name; 10 miles K. of Brinn. Lon. 16. J7- E. U. 49. 5- N- . , . , ^. Si.EAKJRi), « town in Lincolnlhire, with a market on Monda\. It is a l,ir>;e well-built place, well inhibited, and had formerly a caftle, the ruins of v.hich arc vet to be feen. It is iH miles S. of Lincoln, and 115 N. of London, i.on. o. 21. W. lat. SB- >• N. Slf.swick, an ancient and confuior- ablc ttjwn of Denmark, capital of a duchv ,) f the lame name. It is an irregular town of great length. The houfes are of briek, and, like all the other towns in this coun- try, refemble, in neatncls and manner of building, thole of Holland. The iiihabit- luits drd's alfo like tiic Dutcli ; and many of tlicm fpeak their tongue, though the ufuil languuges are the Getinan and Di- nifh. C'lole to Slefwick, is the old palace of Gottorp, formerly the ducal rtlidcncc, at prcfent Inhabited by the ftadth' Kler or ;.',overnor. From this calile, the ducal line, formed by .Adolphus, fon of Frcde- rit I. king of Demiwrk, was denominat- ed Uolliem Gottorp, which lull fiiijlil'is ill the perfon of the prcfent great I'uke of Rulfia, Slelwick is ilmrited at the botioin of an arm of the lea, nUed the Slev, 60 miles N. VV, of L:t'-.e, and i:; S. W. of Cnptnhigon- Lon. 10. o. E. lat. 54. 3,. N. SLKswrCK, or NoiiTH Jutland, a duchy of Den-aik. lepar.ued from Hill^ein, or the kmg of Denmark's German dominions, by the river Eydcr. It is about 100 miles in length, and 60 ill b»e».ith ; and is a nle ifant, fertile, and po^'ulou: couutrj . Tiie capital is of the fame name. Si. I GO, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Connaught, 25 miles in length, and iiS much in breadth ; bounded on the E. by Lt.itrim ; on the W. by Mayo; on the N. and N. W. by the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the S. and S. W. by Roi'- common and Miyo. It contains 41 pa- liflies, and fends four members to parlia- ment. Sligo, a borough of Ireland, in tie county of the fame name, and the on market town in it. It is I'eatcd on a hay of the fame name, 26 miles E. of Killala, ^iid 100 N. \V. of Dublin. Lon. S. t6. W. lat. 54. 13. N. lii.jMUilLiDGii, a village of Gloucef. terlhire, in a parifli jo miles in compafs. Here are about 1000 acres of land gained from the Severn. It is n miles from Gloucefter. Slo.nim, a tawn of LithwWfi, in the S M O -— palatinate of Novoj^rodetk, with ii caftle. I' is fcdtcd on the river Sczraa, 40 milei S. W. of Novoi/rodeck, and 60 S, K. of Grodno. Lon. 23. 1,7. £. lat. j). O.N. Slooten, or Si.oTK.N, a populous trading town of the United Provinces, in l'"rit(land, (cated on a lake called SI 1 iter- nu'r, three miles from the Z'lider-Zee, and 18 N. W. of Stccnwick. Lun. 5. 26. E. Ut. 51. 55. N. Sluczk, a large and populous town of Lifhuaiiii, capital of a dueliy of the fame name ; famous for three battles gained here, by Conftantinc duke of Oftrog, over the Tartars, in the reign of Sigifmund I. It is feattd on the river Sluc/.k, 70 mile* S. E. of Novogrjdeck. Leu. 17. 44. E. lat. 1:3. 2. N. Sluttklbubg, a town of RufTia, in the government of Petcrfliurfh, feated on the S. fide cjf the lake Ladoga, 30 miles l'.. of rc'crlLurgh. L,on. ji. 20. E. lat. 60. o. N. Si.i'Ys, a to'vn of Dutch Flanders, oppofite the iiland of Cadfand, with a good harbour, 10 miles N. of Bruges. Lon. 3. 25. E. lat. 51. 19. N. Smai.kai. I), a town of Germany, in Eranconia, in the county of Henneberg. It is fubjeft to the landgrave of HefTc- Caffel, and is famous for the confederacy entered into, in i ^30, by the Germanpro- teilants, againft the emperor, commonly called the League of Sinalkald. Tne de- figa of it was to defend their religion and liberties. It is feated on the river Wcr- ra, 25 miles S. W. of Erfort, and 50 N. ^V. of Bamberg. Lon. 10. 53. E. lat. 50. 49. N. Smaiidf.j;, a t»wn in Kent, with n m'lrket on Fridays. It is 10 miles S. E. of Maidllone, and 56 S. E, of London. Lon. o. 4]. E. lat. 51. 1 1. N. ■ Smith's Island, an idand in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by lieutenant Ball, in 1790. Lon. i6i. 54. E. lat. 9. 44. S. * Smoland, a province of Gothland, in Sweden. In this province arc ira- menfe forefts of pine and fir. The ap- proach to the villages is announced by grovcj of oak, beech, and birch, and nu- merous plots or parterres of arable land among paftures and rocks. An acre of land has been frequently olifcrvcd to be laid out with alternate flips of rye, barley, tlax, and hemp; the intervals between, and around, fown with grafs. In many parts, the trees arc cut down, and burnt in order to manure the foil. This province is 112 miles long, and 6a broad. Caltnar is the capital. R r 3 Smo* JS 'S M Y S N O SMOLKN^hO.. city of R.nii. Mpitfll «n^ t ;r maeM.M of their Hierelnndifc. •f ,h« ;ov.r..m;nr of ,h. f.me n.me. rt Th. Turk.luve ,,, molquc,. the Creek.. Cll!.H ,n the vv.,rM, .» f.-iutta on the the Ar.neniin. on. dn.rch, ami ihc Latin, bank* of the DnitPer. and extends over three convents. 1 hcTe .re three h.lhops. Tvo mountain, anii the vJIc. hctween -« ^''"^■' '^^/''^ 'f '"j ""l! " .Inuf then,, rt-i. (urrounde.l hy w,.IU .^o (eet Arma,n.n. The ftrec u arc nore ope. hi-h.nd .5 thiok: the lower p«r. of hetter ,„..vcd. an.l he houlcs better but. .h;„M.buiUof ftone. the upper ol brick 'J'^" >" "'^er ..■ , n,of ,hecn,,t,mnt. Tl^^ anoniy rf wood, other commoduie. brought here, are thre.ul .Hi ...Ic btrter tb.n cot.a.cs: .hey «re made of govts' h«ir. cotton yarn, cotton o. y f one ft-ry. except a'few fca.ter.d .n big,, vunous kind, of drugs and all h re a, d there, which are d.gnificd with f-rts of earner, All the "^'d': P^£ Tie title of paLKCs. The ci.y is dtvi^led through the Vand. of ,he J ws. and th y hrouKh it. whole length hv one rtraight leem to have bett.r "pHcmcs lo tr B.vedftreet: the others are circular, wnd than other merchants. The hnghfli and ?norcdvith plank:. The cathedral ftan.U Du-ch faflors have protclhtnt chapels on an eminence xvhtre there is a vew of and , nerns are as opc^ hcreas in Europe. "he whol city. The alterna.e 1 .Hng and The f, runcat:ons con ft ft of a fort » ca Uc. rnkingo the walU ft.-n the ir,er,ualuv of a mrur.u.n. and an old c.tade . I. k le Pround, th.ir Gotlnc arrhi.e^.ture and feared at the bottom .f a large hay, tS, Jn„^rn"e to!vera. the ft.epi.s r.m, ab-vc miks W by 8. of C-n.Vant.nople. Lo,.. the tu'es which cdicial the luuifes from 1: J^. E. lat. 3S. iS. in. he fpht the Sdcns n,cadows, and corn- S. AC.UR.U'KG.a town of Germany, m 'fidKibIn t'bc ua,i.. uli t,.ge,h.r form the ct^le o. ^o-r Sax.my and tn B,u - one of th<- to'-n f'or l.r. pifi^urefque, and wick-I,uneni>urg, kated at the conllaencc va ied ptvfp^^ . tha • ran be beheld! Not- of the L..li;c and Vccht. It ts a large tradtng rbttam',.,',g its extent, it cont.ains only phce. fubjeft to the ele6... of Hanover, about 4000 inhabitants and ha» no manu- Lon. 9. 30. h.. lat. S3- i°- '■^■ failures but canics on with Dant/ic, Ri^^a, and the Ukr.'in--, a pt ity trafFic in line'n, hernp, Ivnev, v/ax. kat'ur, furs, !^t. It is 197 miles N. E. of Novit/oceck, and 130 N. of Kiuw. Lon. 31. li. E. lat, ',4. 50. N. SmuI.ESSKo. a durbyof RiiHii. r,n the frontiers of Lithuanii. Alui- having been sn obicft of con'ei-.tion, aiKl rcdpr'j- cally poirtlftd by Poland and Kuil.a. it was ciiiujuei-id by AJcxr^y Mich .cIon itch Snaith, a Imall town in the W. rid. ing of Yorklhirc, with a market on Friday. It is Centtd near the river Aire, II iT.iles S. of York, and 174 N. hy \V. of London. Lon. 1. 2. W. lat. 53. 39- N. fivKiK, a liandlnme, popuUius and rtrong town of the United Provinces, in Fricltand, fcatcd on a lake of the fame name, i.n m*rrtiy land, ei^ht miles S. rt Francker. Lon. 5. 16. I'"., lat. ■;3- i-.'N- Sn !• TSH AM, a town of Norfolk, wuh a ;;»^rs^u^.;.\o'= ;;;,. .™k„.. ™.,. ..,^.^.n.^.« III 11.^4, OM-i T --- pi-acc of Mofcnw in i''>''6. It \v v forms one of the 41 Raliian .government. ■ Smow, a noted cavern, on the N. coaft of Sntherlandfrire, between Cape Wrath and Loch F.ribol. It runs fo tar tinder ground, that is extremity, it is faid, could iTever be explored. Smyrna, a feaoortof Turkey in Aha, and one of the largcft and richdt cities of the Levant. The miodnel's of the hat hour has caufed it to be rebuilt fevcral times, after having been deftroyed by earth inlet of the fea, 12 miles N. bv E.of Lynn Regis, and in N. by K. of London. Lon.o.ii.E.hu 52. SS-N- ,. , _ Sniativ, a trading town of Little ro- land, capital of Poketia, feared on the river Truth, light miles E of Coloni, anc. 45 S. E. of Ha'litz. Lcm. 26. 7- l'-- 'at. 4'*-44. N. . Snow DON, a famous mountain of t-ar- ..arvonfliire, in N. Wales. Its name fig- nitics hrerollv, the Hill of Snow, from (now and down. Eryri, the Welfli name. after havintr ueen aenroyeii uv tmui- .....«« .^"'"•' ,',. 1 .i,„ uill nuak« It !s the rendezvous of mer- i. derived from Mynyd ^ryrod, th H 1 2hantrfrom almoft all parts cf the world, of Eagles. This 1, the moft rtoted^cmi- d. fr lull S N O ;tzine of their merclnndife. uve in mofqucs, the Oretks », the Jirts eight ^ynnj;ngllc^, ni ont church, niiil the Latirii U, ThiTc arc three hilimps, he otlitr L itin, and the third The ftrcet,. arc more opm, nnd he lioufcs better built, • . iiiof iliccohtincnt. Tlic l■'^„l'k^ is the ftiitft in Smyr- ill idnng tlic hiirboiii*. It is i'liirney frcm CDnftiuiritiopli: il.iys from Aleppo by the ca- fiom C(i.;ni, fev(n fr >m C.i- X finm S.itah.i. Tlic caravans tn bring ito b.dts of filk m 1c drugs and cloths. The iiiditlch brought licrc, arc threiul DUs' hair, cotton, yarn, cotton Ulcus kinds of drugs, and all arpets. All the itf-de paffcs hinds of the Jews, and they ave bctt(r capacities tor trade merchants. The Knglilh and \(>rs have protclbnt chapels, s are as open here as in Europe. cat;uns confift of a fort, a calUc, nnd an old citadel. It is he bottom hM < >> r»tl i>» 'ho sr.rtrnr Britons, a, Parnalfus was by the Orceks, and Ida by th'; Cretans." Me. P. nnaiit found piecMUof la\a on tins mount. dii, and, nn itiffTitmniit, ijroups rif tnbitniar tbmcs, of vaft C\rc, lying in ;dl diictlims. From the fummit may be (ttn a pai of Ireland, of Sfoilaiid, and of En^jland, Cuniberl.ind, Lancalhire, Clulhirc, ami all North Wales, the Irilh and Uriiill' liai, «nd lakes innumerable. Such a beautiful ilifpliy of nature at once allo- nidies and chanir, the beholder. SoaNa, or SuANK, an ancient town of Italy, in Tufcany, an I in the Siennde, Hith a l>ifliop's fee. It is fcitcd on a iil'^h mountain, near the river Flora, 30 iv.ilts S. E. of Sienna. The badntf^ of the air has caufed it to be ahnoft cld'crtcd, and it ii now no more tlian a village. Lon. il. 46. E. lat. 41. 40. N. * SoANK, a river of Hindooflan Pro- per, which riles on the fouthern coniine» of Allahabad, ilTuini; from the lame Itkc, which IS the fourcc of the NVrbudda ; and flowinf,' in an oppolite dircihon to that river i;oo niiles.it I'.i,^ into the Ganges above Patna. This rivir, conjoiuilv witii the Nerbiulda and the Ganges, makes, as ir were, an ifland of the Ibuthctn part of Hindi o!lan. Slhkrnhkim, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, leated on the left bank of the river Nave, a litl'c Del iw Martcnftein SorHAC/.ow, a town of Poland, in the I'alatinate of Mafovia, feated on a ri- vulet, 10 miles frun the Vi!tula. SocHEu, a town of Afia, in China, and the Hrll military city in the pnnince of Chenli. It is defended by a fort ; and there is a temple de lent. A jilintiiri hnncli is tl e einblein I'f pi ace, and clnn,',ing Dimes the gieaf-lt tokeii uf fri-ndll,i,). Their dantc. arc more elegant, theii dram.itic enic^'fain. ments have iomcthinp; of pht and con- fillti;.-v, and they exiiibit tciiipora'V oc- curreiicti as the ol it/ts of praife o utirc ; lb that II. u n:i,:iii ..f -.•...w.;; z..::.:l'; TZ'! he already di'ctriitd aiuoiig them. 1 'rr people of Huaiiim are in geiieial rtniitcr ind f.iirer than tliofe of Oi ihcitc, I'.nd thin id. Old is rnrar'iable for iis populuilnel* ami fertdiiy. Tlioi'c of Ulutea, on the contiarv, arc fmaller and blaclscr, and much lef. orderly. C' y. C.intain Cook put on we at Jioldxiia, where a ewe at J)oiii) L're#%'':al of (a!r, rX^ s . w h; bead Sea ; coumry, and yields , .re*^'^ ofl.lr, xvlie ac crdirg to fome, the ruins ot The inhabitants au- i.ul to be Chrift.ans. tha tlvt eft 1 .0 be feen; but this all converted bv the Portuguefe. The cap,- : city -iw •■••■ ■— --- --- ,' ,,. ,1 fenfib'.e travellers, particularly Maundrel, abt ■;l.uely deny . It is likev.ifc falfe, that the birds •Ahich fly over drop dowr, dead, and 'hat there arc fruits upon the banks, which are fair and tempting en ths out- fide, iiwt within full of afhes. SoDOR, a littk village in Icolmkill, one of the Weliein ides of Scotland, near that of >iu;i. It -.vas for'Ti'^r'y a bil'op s iee, which comprehended all the illands, t,>«ether with the lile of Man ; for which reafon the billiop is ttiU called the bidiop of Sodor and Man. SoEST, a large, hnndlcmv., a"^ "f town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- phalia and --^V. ^^fj^^^wn^ ^".^ow fid;;;i;ircit; "o( "France, in^the dep.n- i;ills o t "k-mr Pr dfva, and has ment of Aifnc and late province of So,!- belongs to tiif Kins '_. x fonnois. It was the rapttal of a 1 .ng- dom of the lame name, under the lirft race of the French monarchs. It con- tains about ii,cro inhabitants, and is a bifliop's fee. The ei.vircps arc chain' in?, but the ftrects arc narrow, and the tal is Banza So^no, a very fmall place ; but the Capuchines have a church heic. Lon. 13. 15. E. lat. 5. 50. S. Son AM, a town of Canibndgeflrrc, wiih a market on Saturday. Ir is festecl on -. fen of the fame name, n.ir "^oham Mecr, which takes up 1000 acres of hnil. It is five miles S. E. of Ely, and 7c N. by f'.. of London. Lon. c. 14. E. lat. 52. II. N- • IT • SoicKiES, a town of Auftnan Haii- :■■ It. in the county of Mons. feated nc:ir s fmail forefl, on the river Senne,; ^iglir miles N. E. of Mons, and 17 W- of Bvuh fels. Lon. 4. 14. E. lat. 55. 19. N. SoibsoNS, an ancient, large, and con. belones i^ r> ^. a iLiffcred .'leatly by fires. The Greets are watered with flrcams that proceed from a lake, and the inhabitants are generally Sk It is ,. miles SW.ot Lip- fVadt, andsoS. E.ofMunfter XI. E. lat. 51. 4'-N. Lon. H. i!^;-r;-^or'*CE7AiA, a kingdom of hmiYes ill-buih. Here St. Lewis, Ph'hp Afrk lyin'gonthecoaftcfMofaibiquc, the Bold, .nd L-vJs XIV. were crown- "^ . yS-bar It is bovnded on the ed. The fine cathedral has one of th( «ear Z^^ngucbar. It 1 I'otn cunfulerable chapters in the king- S and a Jteat number of elcphtms. It ancient, is not that m w.nch the km,.; the firft race rtf.ded. Aniong the late nbbies here, that of St. Medard is reinarK able ; Lewis le Debonnaire was contire in it by his children. Soiircns is iVatcd 1.. it very oleafant and fertile valley, on river Aifne, 30 miles W. by N. Rheims, and 60 N. E. of Paris. Lon (A is'powrncd bv a king, trib'.itary to tr.e Ponu2ui'.V, who built a iort at the prin- cipal Town, which is of the tame name, *nd of ereat importance for tlicir trade tie E Indies. It is feated in a Imail inund, near the mouth of a nvcr. Lon. ^i 10 E. lat- i"' ^°- S' , — ;- r -M ^crlrvA ot SorHiA, a large townof 14. E. lit. 49- s3- IN E. lat. 4a. 3O' ■'•^' 601- SOI a town of Africa, in tb« Fez, tinted for a very hiind- :. U i'. featcd on a liill, at tl;e nouniiiin of the fame name, ;s p.iri: of Mount Atlas, and n risers, ii miles E. of I'ti. W. lit. 33. -10. N. a province of Africa, in the Ccngo -, bounded on tlir ^. • Ziire; on the S. bv ihc Aiii- ftparates it from ?.cmba ; on the ocean ; an-i ^- the E. by Sundi. It is a dry famly id yields 1 i!re!»%'':;il of (a!r, itants aie isid to be Cliriftians, )v the Purtugucfe. The capi- ta Sogno, a very fmall place ; jpuchines have- a church heic. 5. E. lat. 5. 50. S. , a town of Canibridgcfli-rc, ket on Saturday, Ir is fcsttd of the Tame name, n.ir ?oham ch takes up icoo acres of bml. miles S. E. of Ely, and 7c N. ,ondon. Lon. c. 14. E. lat. 51. ES, a town of Auftrian H:i;i. e county of Mons. feated neiir :i ;ft, on the river Scnne,; -'iglit E.of Mons, and 17 W. of Biul' I. 4. 14. E. lar. 53. ig. N. NS, an ancient, large, and con- city of France, in the dep.ri- Aifnc and late province of Soil- Ic was the capital of a kmg- he lame name, under the lirft the French monarchs. It cou- nt ii,cro inhabitants, and is a fee. The envir^r^s r.re chani' ■ the ftrects are narrow, and tlie ,-buih. Here St. Lewis, Philip , ind Lewis XIV. were crown- e fine cathedral has one of th( r.riderablc chapters in the king- i.d the bif'-'p, when the arch- ' Rhein^ was ablent, had a r'.i'J't n the king. The cfiftle, thou:ii is not that in wiiich the king^ <'■ race rtf.ded. Aniong the late :re, that of St. Medard is remarK ewis le Debonnaire was conhreJ his children. Soiircns is Itatcd i.. Dlealant and fertile valley, on t'jc ifne, 30 miles W. by N. a , and 60 N. E. of Paris. Lon at. 4g. 13. N. iONNOis, a late province bounded on the N. by Laonno'.s ; J E. by Champagne 5 on the S. .^J ; aadon the W.by Vaois, It in corn, wood, and paftures ; and )Mt lati province of Vermandois, lus the department o^Aifae. goi- ^ S O L SoLOANiA Bay, a bay on the S. W. coalt of Afnca, a little to the N. of the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 1^.4. E. lat, 33. ic. S. SoLtUAY. See SourHwoi.u. SOL called Lacus Albuhis. In iliis lake art certain iahftiinces which hive the name of tloarini; iflindi. They are nothini; but bunches of bulirnllie,., fnrini;ing frotn a foil, formed by duit and rm.l blovvn fr-m SoLi-.UKt:, an anci'-nt and extremely the udjucnt ground, and ^lucd togcihcr Ticat town of S.vitTerlaiid, capital of the bv the bitumen vyhich fwims on the fur- canton of the fime nauic. It cont.iins face of the lake, and the fulphur whh. 4000 inhabitants, and i; pleasantly which its waters are unpregnated. Sone ■ ■ ■ ■ ' 'of thofe iflands are 12 or i^ yards long ; the foil is Uriing cn>ugh to bv.ar live or fix p;')ple, who, bv a pule, may move to abo" ^--- fcatcd on The .Aar, which here expands into a nublc river. Among the iT\o!t remarkable objefts of curiolity iir this town, is the new church of St. Urb, which was begun in i yftz, ai^d fiuithcd in dilfcrent parts of the lake, as if they were in :i boat. This lake empties uTclf, by 4 J77J. It is a noUle clifice of a whitilh \vhi'.i!h inuddy rtr^atn, into the'f'everonc, gray ftone, dravn froin the neighbouring the ancient Anio ; a vapour of a tu'iphu- quarries, which adiniis a nolilh, and is a rcous I'lnell, arifint; from it as it flows. jnecics of rude nrirble. 'i'iie lower part The ground near this rivuLt, as uUb a~ of the builJintf i> of the Corintlnan, the upper of the Coinpofite order. The fa- i;a(le, hich confilts of a portico, fur- iTiountcd by an elegant tower, prcfent^ it- felf fini-ly at the cvne-nitv of the princi- pal rtreet. It colt at le.at !/.'/ (.'/ ■TrvoH, ponfeftions of Tivoli. ilie chains of the Jura, and contains ab(.ut Kilh are found in the Teverone, both 50,000 inhabitants. it is 3^ miles in above and below Tivoli, till it receives length from N. to S. and 35 in breadth this l.akj ; after whitli, during the re'd of from E. to W. The foil, for the moft its couii'e to the 'I'lber, there ate none, part, is exceedingly fertile in corn ; and Tlie waters of this lake had anciently a the diftricts within the Jura abound in high medical reputation, buc are nj loOjJcr excellent pafttircs. The trade, both of in eftcj- the town and canton, is of little value, although they are very c .nimadioully fi- tuat.d for an cxtenfive commerrc. It is divided into eleven bailiwicks, th. inlnbi- tants of which are all Roman Cathohcs, except thol'c of the b.iliiwick of Buckcg- berg, who profefs the reformed religion, and (lames in the night. It brings in * The fovcreigu power refides (h 'he great Sot.rATr.uRA. a mountain of Tt.i'v, iu the kin',';dom of Najiles, and in the Terr* di La'. oro, furr.uinded with other mo'tn- tains, in the firm of an amphitheatre ; and thc;re is a cavity .ih'iVe a mile itj length and breadth, whicii fniokes in the dav, council, wtuch, comprising the fenatc or little council of ihirty-fix, confifts of loz members, clioien by the I'enate in equal proportions, from the eleven tribes or com- panies, into wiiich the ancient burghers are diftribiitcd ; and, owing to the dittinc- tion between the ancient and the new to the king, on ac- quanlity of fulphur 1 confuieraiile revenue count of the large and alum obtained from 1:, All the neigh- boiiring fields are full of fulphur, and if yii! dig ever fo little a way in th": ground, the foil will fuvike. Near it is a fmall lake full of bl ick tiiick water, which feems aUvr.ys to be boiling. Soi.iHt'i.f., a town in Warwick (hire, burghers (the former confining of only S5 fitnilies) the government is a coiriplctc which ha 1 a market formerly. It Is 14. tiriftocracy. miles N. E. of Woreeftei, and 107 N. W. * SoLFATARA, a lake of Italy, in the of London, Lon. i. 30. W. lat. js. Cimpagna of Rome, near Tivoli, formerly 24. N. '•" SOLINGSN, I I J ■b U lVI' I SoLiKGEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of VVeftplialia and ducliy of Berg, I 5 miles S. E. of DufTcklorp, and fnl'jijft to the elcftnr pilatine. It is feated near the river \Vi]>pcr. Lcn. ?• 10. E. lat. CI. 10. N. * SoLKAMSK, a tnwn of RufTin. in the government of Perm, which wa'. for- merly a province of Kalan. It is famous for its falt-pits and good horfes ; ;.nd is fealed on the river Uifolka, which falls into the Kama. Lon. 57. 26. E. lat. 59. 16. N. . , So I.MS, a town of Gcrmai'V, oi the circle of the T.ower Rhii.c and laiul;;!'^- vate of Hcfre-CalTcl, It ha;; a ftroni; calilc, bc!onj;s to a branch of the hoiifc el N.ifiau,_ and is feated on a hill, 10 miles S. E. of Hcrborn. Lop. 8. 3'. E. ht. ^c. 3s. N- So LOR. an ifland of Af\a, in the In- dian Ocean, to tho S. of the irtand of Celebes, governed by its own king. Lon. ji^. l;^. E. lat. 9. o. S. Soi.TWK.T.i), a t"wn of Germany, in the old mnrche of Krandcnbiirg, feared ou the river Jetzc, Lon. 11. 34- K. lat. 51. S<'-N. * SOLWAY Fbitji, a hrge arm of the fea, between Cuniberhnd in England and Kirkcudbrightfliire in Scotland. * SoLW A Y Moss, a large black morafs, in Ciimberland, near the river Elk, on the borlers of Scotland, which, in tlie vcar 17:1, being fv.oln by rains, burft through the (liell of turf which covered it, and fpread an inky half-fluid dclui;e over 400 acres of cultivated land in the neighbouring valley, which it entirely filled up. SoMnRFRF., an iflp.nd of Afia, in the Indian C.can, 30 miles N. of Nicobar. The inhabitants arc mild, timorous, and very obliging to ftrangtrs. The prieih are'dreft much in the lame manner as we paint the devd, by which they keep the inhabitants in awe. So M. 'IK mo, iiu uninhabited idand of the W. Ii'uic:?. It l^ in the form (if a hat ; whenre it had its nan:c, fombrcro, in SpaniiV., fiumfyitii; a h..t. It is 80 milts N. \y- <;f St. Cliriftophcr's. Lon. 63. 53. W. lat. 18. 5D. N. SOMKP.SF.TSHIRK. a rnuptv of Eng- land, bouiulcd on the N. W. by tb.c Hril\ol Channel ; on the N. by Gloucerttrlhire, from which it is divided by t!ic Av.n ; on the E. by Wiltnurc ; (m the S 1'., by Porfetihirc ; and on ihe S- W. by Dc- \on.ire, are fed in the fine meadows about the head cf the Parret. The beft goofe feathers for beds come from the Somerfet marlhes. Cider is a common produd of I his county, and it has a confidcrable ihare in the woollen manufaftures. Briftol lb the capital of this county with refpeft to fizc, population, and commerce ; but Bath is the great mart for health and pitafure. SoMt,UTOK,a town of Somerfetlhirc, with a market on Tucfday. It was for- merly a confidcrable place, from which ^tbe county took its name. It is at prcent pretty large, and the market conliuerable for corn, provifions, (heep, and cattle. It is 13 miles S. of Wells, and 1^3 "W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 40- W. lat. 51. 22.N. * SoMMF., a department of r ranee, including the late province of Picardy. It takes its name from a river which nfes in the department of Aifnc, and watering St. Qiicntin, Peronne, Amiens, and Ab- beville, enters the Englilh Channel. Amiens is the capital. SoMMiERES, a town of France, in the department of Card and late province of Langueduc. It has a manutaftory of thick ferges, which bear its name. It is feated lcndiii Hills alfoid ' coal, lead, calamine, copper, bole, and red ochre. Ched- ated for its cheefes. Cattle, 1 in fize to the Lincoln(>iirc, the tine meadows about the iL- Parret. The beft goofe beds conic from the Sumerfet ;ider is a common produft of , and it has a confidcrable woollen manufaftures. Briftol il of this county with refpeft )ulation, and commerce ; but Q great mart for health and OS, a town of Somerfetfliin;, rcrent ;, and the market conliuerable ovifions, (beep, and cattle. It S. of Wells, and 1^3 W. by Ion. Lon. 2. 40- W. lat. 51. IF., a department of France, he late province of Picardy. It une from a river which nfes in ;ment of Aifnc, and watering in, Peronne, Amiens, and Ab- •itcrs the Englilh Channel, the capital. ERES, a town of France, m the t of Gard and late province of c. It has a manutaftory of thick lich bear its name. It is featcd iver Vidaurle, lo miles W. of Lon. 4. II. E. kit. 43- 48- N. so, a town of Italy, m the duchy and in the Cremonefe. \t is (Irong, and featcd on the river miles N. VV. of Cremona. Lon. lat. 45. 24 N- , , no, a town in the country ot the capital of the Valteline. It re- a deferttd town, having httlc trade '-^"■' S O R trade, and no animation. It is bttilt partly in a plain on the fides of a rock, in a very romantic f.tuation, at the exTcmiiv ef a jiar'-ow vallev, aiid occupi'js i-.th f les of the Malencv, a furious torren, -hichfrc- qucntlv overdows \ banks. On the 10th of |uly, 1620, here wa^. a dreadful mat"- faae of the proteit^ints, wl'.ich b; gan at Tirano, extended to all thv towns cf t'l. Vilheiine, and laftcd three days. S.,n- d!;'> is 34 miles N. K. of Como. Lon.f 9. 40. E. fat. 4'). n. N. '■ SONERROM, O- SuNS-KHCAf M, a village of HindooO^.n Proper, once a Inrse ci:y, the provincial ci;pit;il of the callern divilion of Bengal, before Dacca was buih, and famous for a manufartory of tine cot- ton cloths. It is feated on one of the branches of the Burrampootcr, 13 mii.s S. E. of Dacca. SoNKUAS, a people that inhabit the S. part of Africa, to the N. of the Cape of Good Hope. The c(mntry is laid to be mountam.us, and that they live upon hunting and roots ; and the women are faid to be as ikiiful in the chace as the men. The ir huts are made with the branches of tree. > iterwoven, and covered with rulhts. SON-.tBURG. See SfMNEBL'Ha. * SooLOO, an ifland of the Eaftern Ocean, fituatrd S. W. of Mindans;, aU jnort .1 idway between that ifland a;,d Borneo. It 'is 30 miks lon;^ and i : broad, and is fuppofcd to contain about 00,000 injiabitants. It ■.■ governed by a king (;r fuit-n, and the D.uives are Malays, and confcquertlv Mahometans. The popu- loufnefs of this httle (pot is caulrd bj its advantageous fitiiatici, which renders ir a great mart. The Enj^lllh E. India C-,.n- pany have a refident on this ifland. Lon. J2I. 15. E. la'. 5. 58. N. Sorui A. See Sofi'a. SM". :.\NIA, a town of Perfia, m Adcrb.'tian, feated in a valley. 2:;iniles N. W. of Tauris. Lon. .\.i. 25. R- lat. 3?. 3.. N. ■ SoPiiON, a (Irong town of Lnu . v Hungary, capital of a county of the la;i s iiar.ie, feated on .: fmall river, 30 mile S. E. of Vienna, and 27 S. W. of Preilimg. Lon. 17. o. E. lat. 47. 4')- ^^• SoRA, a town of thf kingdom of Na- ples, with a handfome c 'Ue, and a hi- 'lop's fee. It is feated o,: the river Ga- .igiiano, 65 miles N. VV. of Naples. Lun. 14. .;, E.'lat. 41. 54. N. ScRA, a fmall, but Itrmg town of Denmark, in the ifle of Zealand, with a handfome coUcgo for the iioDiiity. Lon. II. 23. E. lat. 5;. 26. N. SoaAW, a town of Germ.any, in the circle of Upper So: ony and in Luiatia, s o u feated near the river Bober, is; m'.Ics S. of Crolien, a' ' ■ N. E. of Gorlit/. Lon4 i^. 4S. E. ..'.. 1. 40- N. So II r A, a tow- of Spain, lu 0!d Caflilc, built on the ruins of i c ancient Niiman- tia, near the iHurr- o*^ the river Douero, Lon. ^.. i.W t. ,, 4S. N. SoKoCK, <> o'vn of Poland, featpl on th, river Dnieli>.r, with a llrong caftle. T'le Tnrk ^ were obliged to raife the fiego of this '.Uce iii i5;2. SoHRLNTo. a I'eaport town of the klng<^^'n of N.ipl'js, with an aichbifliop's fee. It is feated in a peninful.T. on the bay of Ml [lies, at the fuH of a mountain of the faiiio name, 17 mdes S. E. of Na- ples. It is the birthpl'ice of Torciuato Talfo. Lon. 14. 24. E. Lu. 40. 36. N. 'jOSPI;t.i.o, a town of Piedmont, in the county of Nice, feated on the river Be\'c- ra, I ^ mile. N. E. of Nice. Lon. 7. 34. E. lat. 43. 51. N. SovAS . a Knvn of Italy, hi Tufcany, and ir. the Siennefe, 25 miles VV. of Or- vietto. Lon. 1 1. 48. E. lat. 42. 42. N. S'lVAXO, a cape of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, at the entrance of the gull uf St. Eufemia. Sounisi!', a town of France, in the de- partment ot Lower Charente and late tet- ritorv ot Saintoni^e, feated on an eminence, on th-" r.ver Charente, 22 milts S. of Rachells. Lon. i. 2. W. lat. 45. 57. N. Souii.LAC, a town of France, in the department of Lot and late territory of Querci, feated on the river Borefe, 32 nuies N. of Caliors. Lon. i. 11. E. lat. 44- S-.N. Sot'KD, a ftrait between Sweden and Denmark, throu,:h which .liips ufually fiil from the ocean mto the Haltic. It is about f lur miles broad, and here the Danes take toll .'f all merchant-(hips that pafs into the Bililc. Soeu, cT Sea, a feaport of Turkey in .^fi;-:, in Syria, whete iiood the famous ci:v of Tvre, but there is now nothinc remainip'j of it but ruins. Lon. 36. i,..t. 3 3.4-^N. So 'lit:, or Sjre, a river of the Ne- t1u:rlalld^, wuicii runs from E. to VV. fhr U'h Luxemburg, and falls into the Mo ^', a liiie above Treves. So ih:, i-T St'ZA, a flrong town of Africa, in t!;e kingdrra of Tiiiii^, capital of a prcv.ncc of the fimc name, with a caft'',, nnd a good hai ^loiir. The governor of tlv.- privince rcfides here, and it is a r.r.ce of foir.e trade. It i* feated on a 7. miles S, E 3^ ^2.N. of Tunis. rock near ll'e iiii, '• Lon. 11. I <;. ." . lat. _ ^ SnurtiTKAiN't., a tuwn of France, in the department of Creufe and late pro- vince «0 ■ ^-D~D v?«« ot Marchc, z4 miles ^^ cf M.t.o. ^'sot•n^^^^ « to-.vn of WannrkfhTc. ^vidl a conHJcrablc market on T'.londav, 7orcat.lc. It... 3 nV>l«S. of Coventry, and «■ N. W. of London. Lon. ..13. ^"so;.MlSV^^V.,pinGlouc.ftc.fi.i.c. inline p.nl^,^c..^..dre.,-.K^>.^ 3'U u •'^ f-u'd on '.lie little river Moulc, ovf: rv'.k . 15 A ilo.,' bridt;e of three archeG. It IS K tnn..ration, and contains manufac- tories of ^vlme fers;cs and fehs. Ir -s.. n.iics E. of Barnfraple, and .79 ^^ • H S. of London. Lon. 3- 4^- ^^ • '"• 5>- SouTHl'rTHF.RTOK, a town 0t_!5.; mufetlhire, wivh a good market on 1 net- rovifioni>. inCL^vc p-arill', reiKler.d rcm-.rKai„c . n 'r;; "f^ ,„ „ „„a n,-ov.r>on.. It is fea.e.i lh^.tiqJ;houicU!on,u>.tod..|.tuk.n^ '^'^^^ p^„l,, ,, -ks S^W or It - ^1- '1J"-Vhe bHlfioor is f Wells, and ,,. W. by S of Lond.n. feenMnS":^ a^-ScSu tXer .ere c.led tHe b,ib.,;f .W. JtchJn ond .he Tell or TeO:) a^.U imaU mem., s ^^^'^^;;- ^^^^^,,a craft fomc way up '^''^ ,7'""> ' .7': Cv P acc'^ of worn.,p for the dilTentc., town is fuuar.d between thefe two r.vcr.. ™^.F^ ,,.„„„,u,a,in,'s -. feveral cbanta It was formerly a por. of grcat^cmiperct. 'in French and ofTariou? denominations •. feveral charita- ble foundations, particularly, b_t. 1 homa- IL.fpital, Guv's Mofpital snd the M.:^^ d-Am Hofpital. Rehde the King s Benci, aovi Marlhalfea pnfons, and the court/ bridewell, a new countv gaol- "it. i a Icl- r.ons.houfc adjoining, is bmldmg. Ihe rourt-hmfe at St. Mar-aret s Htil hx: been recently rebuilt. See London. of EiU-., ^» SouTHWiiALD, a village. and ftill polfeiTes a trade .. Pot-ine^-. l-ving. particular co,j..eftH L, moreover, with Guern ey aM Jy. J,: markets are on Tuefd.v. ^f ;da>, end S.n.rdav. It contains Ove ^''"'^ .' one of vvb.ch is now rebuilding, and ., 'v., ■ Z-fcMcA God's IIoulc. It .s (urround- ia b'v.Hlls and leveral watchtouers; .nd had a Oror.g "ftle, -u-w >" ^,^;»;;; ''^ .^ ^{-^;^- io^n ..f'Brentwr>od is a Imo, dc!> nd the h.rbcur. I is a '^ ^O;^^ " , u ,, lit;.ated on an eminence th: .„d cou.ty of .tfelf, and ^-^ ^ ° "^;,",^ ^^J,^^,,,,^ an extenf.vc profpett, .6 mU. bcis to parliaTTicnt. JV ; nn'ntwL E. ;>1. E. of London, place of .xfort for fea-br,rhmg; an It wa ^'-^_,,_,__^^ ^^^^ ^ ,, '„■. thW bench that the Da.>.lh king Ca- nute t^»vo that linking reproof toh.s flat- ^^n.' ro,.r-,ers, when the ,nu,bed,ent •i ".n,-; his feet. Two mi's from tide waih'ii 111'- icey j. ,hi. tov.ri is Woodm.lls where M.. Ta, - w h-.B a very curious manr.faaory of 'fl-p-btks, from which, all the Kings vards are iupphed Southa.irpton ,s i. ;^iks S. of Winchefter, and 75 '^ •^■ W. of London. Lon. i. 16. ^V . lat. 50. N SoUTipvELi., a town m NottuichaT,- fliire, with a market on Saturday, it :: an ancient place, and has r c„i^,,t, church. ItisiomilesN.E.ofNottmg- Inm.and 130 N. W. by N. of U.^du- Lon. o. 5'- W. lat. 53.. f'-^- SotJTHWOLD, a Icapirt of Sufto!.. with a Tiarket on Thurlday. It is icat d on a plealant clilT, near a line W;, aixi has a harbour to the §. %v.th the raer Blythe, and a draN. bridge on the W'-ft. I; is -a corporation, and has a hradlor ■ church w.th a high ftecplc. Here amuc,.- 3,e ot IM- eftecn.td fait is made, and it YV" '\' I,, ^^^e par.n. of Priulewel, J3.ing the F-X.^ — ^^^JJ i;;^Sr,V^;c ' n to, and U riling into co.llequence ; bpndrome accommodations for tuc compa- ny having Wen ereaed. It .s 44 "vdcs SouTHMovt-TOK, atownofDcvoit- fcUe, with a market on Saturday. It ts 5? Soi'THAMPTON, the county of. See H NMrsiik • •■:. , .,, ,- r.|- allytt every high tide. It ,s coinmon.;. rafted Sowle or Solk, and its bay .. ..amcd So LED AY. In this bay wns tb. prtat feafight between the Dutch admn.l DcRuyter and James di.kc of ^ork, ... ^vhich the viftorv was ..ndec.dcd. South - v,oia is ZQ miUsa. of Yarmouth, and .oj ^ o u ~ lie lifile river Moiilc, ovf; ;io..' biidi;e of three archti. rj'.ion, and con'.ains maiiufac- hite ferj'.cs and ft Its. Ir is u f Barnft'ap'.t, and 170 W- by Ion. Lon. 3. 4S, \V. lat. 51. s p A r.TKF.RTON, a town "f_ So- , widiagood market on TwS- rn i^nd provifionh. It is fcHUd 'cr Parrrt, jo miles S. W, nf id ni W. by S. of Lond.'n. VV lat. t,o. 55. N. ..'ARK, a borough of Surry, ly be confideied as part of the being fcatcd on the oppofii': Tluimeii, and under tht juril- tlic tiiv of London, wlio h:",'.- here called iho bVililFi-f Suuth- t i? called the BoRoi.GH, by ilUnfUoH, and is a Ir.r^o and pe- ace, participating cc.nfiderably v: ncrcc of London. It fends iwy to pirliiUiitiH- Tt contains lix a new Roma:; Catholic chap;.!, ace. of worfiiip for the diffentei -■ I? dennminatii'ns -. feveral charita- iations, particularly, 3t. Thoma.' , Guy's llofpitai. End the M.:. ofpital. Befide tlie King's Bench irlhalfea priion-., and the cour.ry 11, a new count,- gaol, with a fcl- ufe adjoining, is btiilding. fht mfe at St.^Margaret's Hiil ha.. :cntly rebuilt. Bee Lo.vuon. lUTHWUALi), a village, of EfTt-.. h the town Of IJrentwixid is a ham- is fit'viated on an etninonce th:.- ids an extcnfive prol'pett, 16 milf E. of London. riiwF.Li., a town in NottiiighaTi- vi'.h a market on Saturday. Ir : ient place, and has r. colltgi:.!!- . It is 10 miles N. E. of Nottint- rid 130 N. W. bv N. of LonJw.. . 51, W. lat. 53. 6. N. THWOLD, a fcapirt of Suffolk, •market on Thurlday. It is (cud ilealant cliiT, near a fine b..;, -mA harbour to the §. with the river , and a dra\. bridge on the weft. 1; :orporation, and has a hT.idfor • : with a high fteeplc. Here a much- td fait is made, 'and it has an t^- on of corn. .It is ftrcnely fituat...!, almoft furroHndcd by water, cfpec,- every high tide. Ir is coiv,nin'!' ■■ S0WI.E or bo:.F, and its bay 1. S01.EDAY. In this b.iy w;^s the feafight between the Dutch admirsi lytei- and James duke of \ork, in the viftory was tindecidcd. South- s so miles a. of Yarmouth, and icj {». P.. S. E. of" London. Lon. 14. N. SoviONY, a ti wn "f France, in the department of Rlione and [ oire and lite province of Lyonoi , feated 01. the fivu- let Quefne, co miles S. E. of Bourgcs, ,ind 167 S.of Paiib. Lon. 3. ti. E. lat. 4(., 30. N. "^ SovTRA Hit. I., the i-.oft elevated Iii'.iln the mounr;iinous ridt;e of Lamnicr- muir, in the N. part of Herwickfliire in Sco'land, In former times, it was a noted l^'ama^k. In this dreary part of the coun- f , there i fcircc a tree or a built ; and f(;w houl'cs or villages worth" of inenrion. Some fucctfsful exertions, howsvcr, have been made to improve the Southern tide of this mountain, iieartlie village of Ch.iii- nelkirk. Spa, a town of Germany, in tin; circle .^f Weftphalia and bifliopric of Liege. It contsins ab'Ut 300 houfts, and is fa- mous for its mineral waters. Tbj inha- bitants arc verv civil to ftrangers. ana re'jdy to do them all manner of g.od offices, but inuft be paid for their labojr. It is fe.ucd in a valley, furroundod by mountains. That called the Old Spa con- fills of miferable cotti'.ges, and is properly nothing but the Cuburb to the other. Tile inhabitants fend out i'wavms of children, when ttrangers ariive, to get what tiiey can by be.;rgmg. The hni'.es of the Nev.- Spa are all wood, old-fadiioricd, dark an.l fmall.and yet it is atlirmed they can irake 1:30 beds for ftrar.gers. Th: clturcli of the capuchins, and the pariiii church, are both ieated upon e-n'ncnces. The inn called the Court of London is very large, the beft in the phcv , and mo'l f. '.uuenttd. The names of the live principal wells are Pouhon, Geronflcro, S?iviniere, VV.cptj.z, and Tunntiet. Tht inhabitants r.re em- ployed in making toys for li:rangcrs. Jt is f? P A t, 54,E. iat. 52. u.utl.rrn provlnc.', in June, .Tu ;■, anJ Auguft. The vaft mounta-.i;\ iu'.vevc.ri that run through Spain, arc very bene;iciit to the inhabitants by tlie refrcfliing brcc/es thatcnmc frotn them in thcfouth- ernmoft paits ; though thole ii the N.and I>. K. ari. in the winter very cold. The ffiil is verv fertile ; but tliere arc I.irgc trails of uncultivxtsd fjror.nd. The pio- ducc of the country is line wheat, barlcv» (affron, honey, filk, (altpctrc, hemp, barril- }..on. 5. •n. E, 17 miles S. E, of Liege jat, !;o. 30. N. Spaiv, a confidorable kingdom of En- rope ; bounded on the N. bv tiie bay of Bifcay ; on the N. E. by th.c Pvicr.ean Mountains, which feparate it from Fr.'.nce; on the E. and S. E. by the Me:!ircrraac- an; on the S. by the flraits of Gibraltar , (sn the S. \V, by the Atlantic ; aid en the W. by Portugal and the A;lai.i;c. It'is about 700 miles long and 500 brond. Ir conrain'! the provinces of Old and Ncv Caftile, Andalulia, 7\rragon.Eftramadura, Galicia, Leon, CMa!onia,G'-anada, Valen- cia, Bifcay, the Alturias, Murcia, and Upper Navarre ; fomc of wliieh h.ive been feparatt kingdoms. Tiic air of Spnin is dry and fercne, except during ^he equi- r.gdial rains, but cx-.-tlFiYely hr-'., in the ■!«9ssjaB«»w^'« 1 1,1s (a fpei.ies of potaili) and even fugar- ^ canes. It produces the richeft and inoftj^^. \f, dcl'cioin fruits that are to be found i ' l''r..nce and Italy, orange:, lemons, prtlnei c'.trons, almonds, riiun'-'t ti,;s, d.ites, pome- granates, (lives, Kc. 1 heir wines arc in li ;h eftecm. Wolv cs arc tht rlii-f beafis of prey that infelV Spain. Tluir wilj bull- have lb much feioeitv, that iheir bull- fcaftswere the moll magniliccnt fpettacle. the court of Spain could f\h;b!r. Their domcflic animils arc horl'es ihtt arc remarkaV.ly fwii't, mules, black cattlcf fliecp. &:c. The wool of the latter is Tli- perior to any in Europe. Spain abounds in minerals and m.tals ; criielian, airaie, JTcinth, loadftones, turijuois Hones, quick- filver, copper, lead, iulphur, alam, cala- mine, cryftal, n.irbles of fcveral kinds, porphyry, the fiiieft jafpcr, and even dia- monds, einerahN, and amethvlls, are found here. Anciently, morefiver, it was cele- brated for gold and fiU-cr mines; but fincc the difcovery of America at leaft, no at- tention has been paid to thoin. Tlie prin- cipal rivers arc theDouero, TjJ p, Guadia- na, Guadalquiver, and ]'^bro. Spain, for- merly the moll pjpuloiis kingdom in Eu- rope, is nov/ but thinly inhabited ; to which various caiifes have contributed, as the impolitic cxpulfion of the ?»lo(]rs, the emii-/.itions to the colonics, tl'.e vaft num- bers and celibacy of the clergy, and the indolence of the natives. The perlons <,: the Spaniards in gsner.il, art tall ; their complexions f'^arthv ; their cju' .cnance* exprcHive. The beauty of the ladies reigns clii.Ay in their novels and ro- mances ; in their perlbns they are Imail a:id (lender. Jealoul'y is no longer the clnrafteriftic of a Snanifli hulband. The r.iarried ladies have here their crtejo, or mak: attendant, in the fame maniuT bs fli.e Italians have their 'ciciibeos. The efta- bliihed religion of Spain is p: pery ; and her;' the iiicpiiiiiion oiiee roiuiic- in ;ill h, horrors; but, although it lHlie.\l[ls, it has been laijy rend'.Ttd, by the iii;m3ne in. tervcntion of the r n'?.l authority, compa- ratively harmlcfs. There are tight arch- bilhoprics, 44 cpifcop.il fee , and 24 uni- ' :rluics. S, aia, oticc t\u mod free, is now SPA row one of tltc nrw f\ (Icfno'lc i-'in;ti1otTis in Huropc, ThfV haJ once tlitir coitcs, or parliaini nf;, which had guat privileges j DUtj tlK'iij h not I'lbfoiuTtly iibilinitii, lli<;y havt no part in tiic govcrim.ciu. They arc aliimoicil indeed, occiifionally (as ;iC ilie atccdion of tlie iiiunartli) biif lutrt- ly ;is an appendage u-' the royal flare, wiihout power, or miy other cjiilcqucn'jc than what refulu from th«ji iadividuil rank. Msdiitl is the ciipita!. Spain, New,. See MKxiro, Spalatho, or liPAi.Arru, a rich, f'&Jjcpulcus, and (Irong town of the republic %, nS Venice, capital of Venetian Dahnatis, ivifh a {;ood harbcur, ^nd an archbilliop's fte. Here are the ruins of the palace of DitKlefian, of uhich the late IMr. Robert Adam pui)!iflied, in 1764, a Ipkn-Jid ac- count, enriihed with 71 folio plate?. In 1734, Spaiatio was iicaily depopulated by the plat;ue. It ii ftrorig by l.tuaiion, be- ing; built en a peninfuld, winch is joined to Terra Firina by a neck of hml half a mile over. It is featcd on the gulf of Venice, ^^ miles S. E. of Sebcnico, and JO! N. W. of RaguKH. Lon. 17. 31. E.. lat. 44. 4. N. Si'.4Li)iNG, a town of Lincolnfltire, in the diftrit^ uf Holland, with a market on Tuefday. It is feaitd near the m. uth of the Wcllatid, and froni its jieat.Tels, and the canals in the ftrcets, rclembles a Dutch town. The river here is To full of Uio>i!s, that barges can get up in fpring tides only. Much hemp and Hax is grown in its nei.;hbourii'j(>d, and fold in its mar- ket. It iS 3 miles N. by E. of Peter- borough, and 100 N. of London. Lon. o. ;. H. lat. fz. 45. N. Sec HoLr.AS'n. Spandaw, a (trongti nil ofGcrmany, in the circle of Upper Sa.toiiy, and in the middle niarche of Brandenburg. Jt is naturally ttroiig, btini^r finrounJtd on all fid^s by rnoraiTes, and dofe to it is a fine furtrefs. The aricnal is in fubterraneaii vaults, and there is a prifon for ftate cri- minals, befide a (pin-houle for loofe wo- men. The inhabitants are iTii'inti'.incd by navigation, trade, and manufai^l ones. It is featcd on the river llavcl, t i.;bt miles N. W. of Berlin, and 17 N. E. "of Bran- denburg. Lon. 13. 13. E. lat. t;-. 36. N. Sfanish-Town. SccJaco, St. Si'ARSiiOLT, a village in Berkihire, five miles from Wantage. Its church is in rhe form of a crofs, and in it are foine verv old and pompous monuments, one of woich is of a knight templar, and an- other of oak, and, though very old, the wood is quite perfctl. The font, which ]•■ alio very old, is large, round, and made fcf porphyry. On the floor are Icvcrul S P I pnve-ITones with brafs figurf, but their iiilcriptions are not legible. The door- cal'e:i arc with Saxon circular arches. Spartkl. Capi!, a promontory of Africa, on the coalf of Barbary, at the entrance of the l\raits of Gibraltar. Lun. 5. ^6. W. lat. ,55. 50. N. Si'AiirivKN'io, CapEi a promontory of Iti.iy, in the kingdom of Naples, at the extremity of Farther Calabria. Lon. 16. 40. E. lat. 37. 5c. N, * SrF.AN. Sec LotMiY, Loch. Si'KLi.o, a town of Italy, in the terri- tory of the Church, and in Umbria. Here are the ruins of a theatre, and other remains of aniujuicy. It is (eated on a liill, three miies N. W. of FoIij;ni, and ij N.of Sp.jletto, Lon. 12. 14. E. lat. 42. 50. N. Si'tv, a great and rapid river if Scot- land, wliich iflucs from a lake in theccn- tre of Invernefsfliire, divides Murrayiliiru from BiniTshirc for mure than 20 miles, and eii'.ers the Gennan Ocean at the vil- lage of S;icyiniiijtti. Spi /■,/! a, Spkti a, or SrKCT.v, 'atowD of It;'.ly, in the territory of Genoa, witha good harbour, featcd at tl.^ foot of a hill, at the bottom of n a:ulf of the fame nanii;, 47 miles 8. E. of Genoa, and 65 N. W. of Florence. Lon. 9. 37. E. lat. 44. 10. N. Spice Islands, iflantls of Afia, in the E. Indies, wl.eh aro all in the hatuli of the Dutch. The prii cipal aro Banda, the Moluccas, and Ceylon ; which fee, Snr.ELtu i<(;, a town of Germany, in the circle J" Welf phalia, capital of a coun- ty of the fame name, 18 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. It is 22 miles S. VV. of Hildeiheini. Lon. 9. 46. E. lat. 5t. 56. N. Spign a, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Montferrar. with a caftle, fubjeft to the king of Sardinia. It is i'eated between Acqua and Savnna, 40 miles S, E. of Turin. Lon. b. 2(1. E. lat. 44. 4^. N. Spile.mi)UR(;o, a town of !ialv, in the territory of Venice, and in Friuli, 37 n.'les N. VV. of Aquilela, and 47 N. by E. of Venice. Lon. 12. 15. K. lat. 46. 10. N. Spilsby, a town in Lincolnftiire, wi'h a market on Mondnv. It is felted on the fide of a hill, 30 miles E. of Lincoln, and 132 N. by E. of London. Lon. o. 7. E. lat. i;3. 12. N. Spirk, a free and imperial town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, capital of a biihopvic of the fame name. It was entirely burnt by the French in 1689 ; and, in 1693, the imperial chamber, which was in this city, was removed to Wcszlar. It the on riiJ pll S P I 1th brafs figurf«, but their (. not legible. The door- Siixon circuUir arches. CaI'I!, a promontory iif lit coHlt of Burbary, at the iic ft raits of Gibraltar. Lun. !5- 50- N. NTO, CapEi a promontory he kingdom of Naples, at the Farihcr Calabria. Lon. i6. 50. N. Sec LociiY, Loch. towniif Italy, in the terri- Church, and in Umbria. ruins cfatlicatre, and other ntivjuity. It h feated on a liii.s N. W. of F(ihi;n\, and 13 to. Lon. 12. 14. l'^. lat. 42. great and rapid river (f Scot- ifl'ucs from a lake in thecen- nefslhirc, divides Murrayfliiru ihirc for mure than 20 milti., the Gtnnan Ocean at the vil- Mlnutil. , S I' 1-; 1 1 ,\ , or S r h vj.\, a town the territory of Genoa, with a ir, fcatcd at th. foot of a hill, iin of a iTulf of the iamc name, E. of "Genoa, and 65 N. W. c. Lon. 9. 37- £• iat. 44. SLANTS, iflands of Afia, in ii s, wl.ith aio all in the hantii tch. The prii cipal aro Banda, cas, and Ceylon ; which fee, .niie(i, a town of Germany, in f Wellphalia, capital of a coun • fame name, 18 milcsin length, breadth. It is 22 miles S. VV. leim. Lon. 9. 46. K. li^t. 51. \, a town of Italy, in the duchy rrat. with a caftlc, fubjcft to the .irdinia. It is feated between id Savnna, 40 miles S, E. of ^on. b. 26. E. lat. 44. 4!;.N. .iDURCiO, a town of '.talv, in ,ry of Venice, and in Friuli, .^7 VV. of Aquileia, and 47 N. by Lon. 12. 15. £. lat. 46. lice. lY, a town in Lincolnfliire, wi'h on MondrtV. It is feated on the lill, 30 miius E. of Lincoln, and ■ E. of London. Lon. o. 7. E. 2. N. , a free and imperial town of , in the palatinate of the Rhine, a biihopvic of the fame name. It :ly burnt by the French in 1689; jg3, the imperial chamber, which is city, was removed u> VVetzlar. It S P o It was taken by the French in 171)1 ; but they were obliged to evRcuate it the next year. It is felted on the Rhine, fevtn miles N. of Philipfourg. Lon. S. 52. E. lat. 49. 19. N. SiMRK, a bi(hopric of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, 50 miles in length, and 30 in hrcadth, where bioad- elL It is divided into two piits bv the Rhine, and is a fertile country. Spire is the capital. SnuEBACH, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, fe.ited on a river of the fame name, eight miles N. of Landau. Lon. S. ii. E. lat. 49, 20. N. SPiRiiu-SANCTO, a (eaport of S. America, in Btalil, capital of a government of the fame name, with a caftle. Lon. 41. o. E. lat. 2r, 10. S. Spitai., a town of Germany, in Up- per Carinthia, with a handfoine calUc ; feated on the river Lifer, near the Dra\ c, 50 miles W. of Clagenfiirt. Lon. 13. 37. E. lat. 46. ;3.N. ShithkaI), a famous rnad hctwecu PortCmouth and the illc of Wight, where the royal navy frccjuently rendezvous. Spittle in tiik Siklf.t, a villai;e in Lincolndiirc, 10 miles N. of Lincoln, It was part of the Roman caufeway, lessd- ing from London, by Lincoln, to the Hum- ner, which the common people call the High-ftreet, it being thrown up to a great height, and in fome places feven yards broad. Here arc two fpring';, or.o called Julian's Well, and tlie other Caftle- ton Well. Great numbers of Roman coins have been dug up in this village, whence it is conjefturcd, that fome Rom in town flood by the highway. SiTr/.HEKtJF.N, the moft nortncin country of Europe, being to the N. of Norway, between Grecnlan.d to the W. and Nova Zcmbh to the E. The coaR is befet with craggy mountains, and in the winter it is continual nightforfournionths. The animals are large white bears and white foxes. There arc no fettled inha- bitants, and it is known only to tli ife who go on the coaft to tiUi for whales. See Greenland. * Splugkv, a town of SwilTerland, In the country of the Grifon:. It is feated on the rife of a hill, at the bottom of a rugged chain of Alps, and is the principal pl.4ee of the valley of Rhcinwald. Spolf.to, or Spolktto, an ancient, handfoine, and populous town of Italy, in thcteiritory of the Church, capital uf a duchy of the fame name, with a billiop's fee and a ftrong caftls. It was formerly a large place, but in 1703 fuffcred greatly by an earthquake, and ii uow tiim of peu- ■ !*(a*«iiwfc»"" S T A pic. Here arc the ruins of an amphitheatre, a triiiniphi.l arch, and :in aqncdu^.t. It is fe.it d jurtly 011 the fide if a hill, aiij partly in a plain, in a roumrv noted for good wine, near the river Teilino, 30 miles E. of Orvieto, and i; N. of Rimiic. Spoleto, or Spolktto, a duchy of Italy ; bounded on the N, by t!ie martjui- fatt of Ancona, and duchy of Urbino; ott the E. By Naples; on the S. by Sabina, and the patrimony of Saint Peter; and on the W. iiy Orvictanoand Perugino. JIt is about :,(, miles in length, and 40 in breadth, was formerly a part of Umbria, and now belongs to the pope. Si'KLK, a river of Germany, which riles in the mountains of P.jheinia, and palling through Lufatia, into the marc|ui- I'ate of Brandenburg, runs by Berlin, and falls into the Ha\ el, opp ifite Spandaw. •' Spiu.s'c;kiflid, a village of Elfex, feated on a line cmintncc, one mile N. E. of CheliKsford. ''■ S P R I N K K I [■; LP, a town of N. Ame- rica, in the flateof MalT.ieliufets and coun- ty of Hampfhire. It was begun, in 1636, by William I'ynchon, tfq. whofe defceiid- ants are living here. He named it from his native place in England, mentioned in the preceding article. It is feated on the E. fide of Conncdli';ut River, 96 miles W. <o tVct ;!iick, and »re formed almnll into rbe (hipe ot tliofo Viftd in arch'tifiuv:. Here is u!fo a ca- vern, called Fin-iTin-coul, or Fingal's Cave, "liich txtemlfc no fett under prciund. Its entrance is a naturnl arth, more than 100 feet high. Hardly any thing can be conceived more tnagnificcnt than fuch a fpacc, iuppcrted on eHch fide by ranges r,{ eoiumns, and roofed bv the bottonis of thnCe which have biL-n broken off in order to form it. The cavern is lighted from without, fo that its fartheft extremity may be leen. Indeed, this ifland is every where lupporttd l;y balal- tl;. rocks and pillars, much (uperior in bcau.'v and jirandeui toihofe >vhich form the Giaii'i' Caufcway in Ireland. StafkoKD, the county town of Staf- fordftiirc, with a market on Saturday. It is featcd on the river Sow, which waftcs its S. and VV. parn, and over whxh is a ftone bridge ; has two ptrifh churches, a freefchnol, a fine fquare market-place, in which is a bandfomc ihirel-.all, and under it the market-houle. The ftreets are hrpe, and many of the houfes handfomely built. It is a corporation, and fends two members to parliament. It is 41 milts N. W. of Lichtiehl, and 13; N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 2. o. VV. Irt. 53. o. N. Stafi'orpshire, a county of Eng;- land, bounded on the W. by Shroplhire, on the N. W, by Chefhire, on the N. E. and K. by Derbylhire, on the S. K. by Warwicklhire, arid on the S. by Worcei- turfiiirc. It extends in lengUi about 5^ miles ;its extreme breadth not mure than J4. It lies in the diocele of Lichlield and Coventry ; is divided into five hundreds; contain!; oub city, 17 market-towns, and S T A iiopariflies; and fcndi 10 members te parliamiiii. Thi' principal rivers arc tl.e Trent, iJove. Sow. L'hurnci, Stoiir, Pcnk, and Munyh'Id. The air is plea'ani.niilil, iiiid whokf'Mic, and tht fnil in the S part (^HKxl and licli, thoi.};li n'lt without iR-iih?, wiiidi take up a larimines. The middle is levcI and pl/iin ; the N. hilly and barren, bein^; full if neuths and miiirs, and where ihey ule peat for fuel. There .in alio j^ood l^cnc-quarries, plenty of alubfttr, and limetlone. 8 aff.rdlhire is l,ur>ous fur Id potteries, and tor us nuolc ca;ial navijjation. Stafford its the coumy-' town. bee Canal, the Gkanu T M' N K . Staoira. a town of Turkey in Eii- n pe, in Macedonia, featcd on the gulf of Cortcfi'a. It is remarkable for bcin^ the l)inhplacc of Ariftgtle, from whence he i.- cilled the Stagirite. it is no\v called Lyba- Nova, and is i(j miles from CuntclFa. Lon. 2 J. 48. E. lat. 41. 1 5. N. Si'AGNo, a town c^ IJalmatia, in the republic of Kagufa, with a imall harbour, and a bilhop's lee, feattd un a peninfiila, in the gulf of Venice, 30 inilcb fC. V\'. of Ragula. Lon. 17. ^o. E. lat. 43. 12. N. Stain, a town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, feared on the river D.:- niibe, over w hich is a bridg'-, where they take toll, ('15 miles W. of Vienna. Lon. 15. o. E. lat, 48. I I.N. St A IN IS, a town of IMiddlefex, with a markt-t on Friday. It is ftated on tin river Thames, over which is an elegant new none bridge, of thue tliiptic arclits. At Tome dillance above the bridge, at Coin IJitch, is what is called Londcn Alark Stone, which is the ancient boun- dary to the jurildidtion of the city of Lon- don on the Thames, and bears the date of 1280. Staines is 17 milts W, by S. of Lonvlon. Lon. o. 25.W. lat. 51. 27. N. SrAJ.HKiuoK, a town in Corfetihire, with a market on Tuefday. It is remark- able for a manufadtory of ftockings. Here is an ancient crol's, 22 feet higU, on a bafe of eight feet. It i; 20 miles N. by E. *jf Dorchcfttr, and 1 1 1 VV. by S. of Lon- don. Lon. 1. iS. W. lat. 50'. 57. N. StAI.IMENE. SecLEMNOb. Stamford, a borcu;,h in Lincoln- fliiro, with two markets, on Monday and Friday. It is feattd on the river Wet- land, which is m?.de navigable hence. It is a large and ancient place, ha» fix parilh churches, and had formerly a college, \vh.>fe ftudents removed to Brazen NoCe College, in Oxford. Its trade is chiefiy in malt. It is z6 miles N. of Humingdon, I'vfifir i«M» »uuAii# i«i)ii« i: *^^ T London. Stani with a miles S. of Londi 40. N. ' St/ Middlefcl !eats. which tl| cuftomed "79'. a found, ai hill is very ele of the hi the battl fome hid the GcrJ N. VV, »St^ HURCJ^ StanI with a III E. of ll Lon. 0. I StaiJ til of th feated if i.ie Stai tcin, 14 E. lat. Stai the circl S T A ind icM'.li to members te 111 principal rivers are il.c ow.Churnci, Stniir, Pcnk, Tlic itt is plea'ani.iiiilcl, and tilt full in the S part ilin,,^h n'lt without iic-itl»», a large tr4t> of ^;rnunn : co.ilpits and irun^mines. _ itvcl and pl>iip ; the N. n, being hill if ntatlis and lere they ulc pear for fuel. fTficA l^unc-qiiarrics, plenty lid liinelforie. 8 aff.rdlhire [i pottcriesi andtur iti> nuulc n. StalFord js the county Canal, the Granu a town of Turkey in Eu- ;d'.>nia, ffated on the jitilf of is rc:ii;^rkal)le for bcinj? the Arlftotle, fruin whence he i;: firite. Jt is no\v called Lyba- ih miles from Coiucifa. E. lat. 41. 15. N. ^ a town c*' Ualmatia, in the atrufa, with 11 (mall harbour, si'ee, fcattd on a peninfuli, if Venice, 30 miles f*'. W. on. 17. ^o. K. lat. 43. iz. N. town of Germany, in the- Iria, feated on the river JJ.i- [ hich ib a hridg' , where they ; miles W. of Vienna. Lon. 48. II. N. a town of Rliddlcfcx, with a Friday. It is feated on (hi ts, over which is an elej;aiit ridge, of tliiee elliptic arches, irtancc above the bridge, at is what is called Londcn :, which is the ancient boun- lunldittion of the city of Lon-_ fhames, and bears the elate of les is 17 miles VV- by S. of in. o. i5.W. lat. 51. 17. N. lUOK, a town in Dorfetfliire, ;et on Tuefday. It ib rcmark- anufadtory of ftockings. Here t crols, 12 feet hi(iU, on a bale t. It i^ JO miles N. by E. ui and III W. by S. of Lon- 1. iS. W. lat. 50'. 57. N. ENE. SecLEMNOS. RD, a borcu^.h in Lincoln- two markets, on Monday and is feated on the river Wel- is made navigable hence. It ad ancient place, ha* fix parilli ind had formerly a college, ents removed to Brazen Nofe Oxford, Its trade is chiefly is t6 miles N. of Huwingdon, »# (i»,iuy f. an^' S T A ind 96 N. by W. of London. Lon. 0. 31. W. lat. 52. 4» N. Stampamo, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, 60 miles W. of Rhodes, and 37 from tne CO«ft of Natolia j i <; miles in length, and five in breadth. It is almoft without Inhabitants, and wants frefh water. Stanch 10, formerly called Cot, an ifland of the ArchipeU{;o, near the eoaft of Natolia, i» miles N. E. of Stampalio, and 40 N. W. of Rhodes i 15 in breadth, and 19 in length. The foil is fertile, but tiie »ir unwholelome. The capital, which is of the fame name, is well built, and feated at the foot of a mountain, at tl>e bottom of a |jrj;e bay, and near a good harbour. Si'ANDON, a town in Hertfordlhire, with a market on Friday. It is eight miles N. of Hertford, and 17 N. of Lon- don. Lon. o. 5. E. lat. 51, 56.* K. .SiAfSHORE, a dreary dillrift of Weftmorland, in the eaftern ani-lc of that (.ounty. Here is a fragment of Rerccrofs, let up at a boundary between England .nd Scotland, when Cumberland belonged to the Jatter kingdom. Stanhope, a town in the county of Durham, with a market on Tuefday. It is 10 mi'es VV. of Durham, and 264 N. of London. Lon. 2. o. W. lat. 54. 4S. N. Stanley, a town in Gloucelferlhite, with a market on Saturday. It is 12 miles S. of Gloucefter, and 104 W. of LondoB. Loii. 2. 16. \V. lat. 51. 40. N. ' Stan.moke, Great, a vl'iage of Middlefcx, in which are fome elegant (eats. Here is a fine hill, from the top of which the inhabitants had been lonij ac- cuftomed to fetch their water ; but, in 1:91, a well was dug, and water was found, at the depth of i qo feet. On this hill is Stanmore Common, which is lb very elevated, that the ground floor f f one of the houfcs is faid to be on a level with the battlements of Hurrow Church, and fome high trees here ave a landmark {mm the German Ocean. Stanmore is loniiles N. VV. of London. * Stanmore, LiTTi.E. See VVhit- I'HURCII. Stanton, a town in Lincolndiire, with a market on Monday. It is 16 miles E. of Lincoln, and 125 N. of London. Lon. 0. 2. W. lat. 53. 18. N. Stantz, a town of Swifferland, capi- Ikl of the canton of- Underwalden. [t is feared in a beautiful plain, at the foot of i.ic Stanzberg, and near the lake of Lu- ccrn, 29 miles S. of Zuricli. Lon. 3. 12. E. lat. 46. 51. N. Starcard, a town of Germany, in the circle of Up['«r Saxony and duchy of S T A Pomerania, with an academy. It hai gootl woollen iiiRniifaftures, fueli as fergen, cloths, Hiallnons, tammic"!, druggets, i-c. It had formerly a caftle, of which the ruins arc to be Hen, and is feated on the river Ihne, itS miles S. E. of Stetin, and • 37 N. W. of Landfperg. Lon. tj. 8. E. lat. cj. 22. N. Staraia Russa, a town of Rullla, in the government of Novogorod. It is feated on the river Polilh, not far from the lake llmen, 40 miles S. of Novogorod. Lon. 33. 2. K. lat. 57. 40. N. Start Pois't, a promontory of De- vonlhirc, in ihe EngliOi Channel, 14 miles S. by W. of Dartmouth. Lon, 3. 46. \V. lat. 50. t). N. • Staten Island, an ifland of N. America, which forms the cuunty of Richmond, in the ftate of New York. It is about 18 miles in length, and fix in breadth, and contains upward of 3000 in- habitants. On the S. fide is a confider- able tratt of level good land ; but, in ge- neral, this ifland is rough, and the hills high. Richmond is the only tuwn of any note ; and it is a poor inconfideiablc place. The inhabitants arc princip.iily Dutch and French. It is nine miles S. W. of the ciiv of New York. Staten Land, a barren craggy ifland lyini» on the S. E. fide of tlie iflands which form the (traits of Magellan, in atinut 55" S. 1 !t. Between this ifland and Tierra del Fuego arc the ftraits of Lc Mairc. Stay ANGER, a town of Norway, in th'. province of Bergen, capital nf a terri- tory of the fame name, with a liilhop's fee. It is feated on the feacoall, in a peninfula, near the fortrefs of Dolwick, 75 miles S. of Bergen. Lon. 6. 45. E, lat. 58. 46. N. Staveren, an ancient town of the United Provinces, in Fricfland, with a harbour. It was formerly a confulerable tov 11, but is now much decayed, the harbour being choked uji with land. It is feated on the Zuider-Zee, eight mile* W. of Slooicn, and 11; N. E. of Enchuy fen. Lon. c. 13. E. lat. 52. =;4. N. ' Stavbkach, a celebrated cataraft of SwilTcrland, near the village of Lauter- brunnen, and in the canton of Bern. It rulliLS down a precipice 930 feet high with fucli impetuofity, as to refblve itfcif into a fine fpray. which, viewed in fome parti, cuiar fituations, refemblcs. a cloud of duft. Hence it derives its name ; the word Staiibbach, in Gernian, figniriving a fpring of dull. The roarinjj noife it makes i^ accompanied by a tempelf, occafioned by the violsiu agitation of the air, excited by S I the \, I S T E the rapidity of the fall. The brook v/liich forms thii tnrrciii in named ilio Kupfcr- BHchiein, or Rivulet i ' Copper. Si'iiENBi uc, a liiviil but llronir town n( Dutch Dnbant, in tlic m,u'(|uil.itc of Berg€n-<)p-Z,tM)m, It hai a ccmiiiim nira- tion with thr Volicr.il;, bv a caniil, ivlv>lc entrance is titfiiulL-d bv a tort, t<\cn nnlts N. K. of Bergeit-('pZ.ooin, unu 17 W. of Hrcdn. I.nn. 4. 2S. IL. lat. u. ^t. N. Si'KKNKiRK, a viliai];e of Aiiftiim H.tinanir, where thi alhes, comm-»mli:ii by king VVh.iani, atiackcii ilie foiti ;i:il camp of tht I'rcnch, in I'l'i-r, and were . ffattii. It is I ; miles N. of Alons, and 16 VV. of BnifTcls. S ri 1 N''" rt.'K, a finmp town of tiie United J'r ivinces, in O.uryll;!, fcatid on the river Aa, jo miici S. E. of Sl'inttn, and ?i N. of Deventcr. Lon. 5. 50. K. lat. ,J.5o. N. SiEGEiiURt:, a town of Sweden, in E. Gothland, feared on the coall of the Bal- tic, with a Imiil comniodi'iiis h,irb)iir, 15 miles S. of Nikopin;;, r.r,,! Si S. V\'. of Stockholm. I-oti. 16. 40. E. iat. i;S. 16. N. Stkin, a fiiiall independent town of SwilTerland, under the protcftinn of the canton of Zuricli ; iLiited on the Rliinc, near the l.ke of Conllatvpe, *i; miles K. K. of Zur^c li, .nnd i ; \Y. of Otetliancc. Lon. 8, 4S. 1,. lat. 47. 3i. N. SrtiNHACM, a town of Germany, in tlie margravate of Baden, fcatcd in a coun- try that jiroduces good wine. Steinhkin, a town of Germany, in the archbifliopric of Mcntz, )(,.tcd on a hill, nc.r the river M:nne, with a good calile, nine miks from Francfort. Lon. 8. i;4. E. lat. 49. 51. N. SrEKE, a town of Denmark, on the north coaft of the ifle of Mnna, with a flrong caftlu. It is alnioll lurroundcd by a lake. Stenay, a fortified town of France, in the department of Meiile and l.uc duchy of Bar, fcattd on the nver Made, or 'Meufc, 24 miles N. by W. of Verdun. Lon. ■;. i<). E. lat. to. zS. N. SrENiiAL, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony ar.d niart]uifHtj of Brandenbuii';, feattd on tie river Ucht, 30 miles N. of M.'iiiicburg. Lon. 11. 44. E. lat. 52. 41. N. Steneort, a town of Germany, in the circle of VV'eftphalia and county of Bcnthcim, with an •icademy, feated on the nvtr Vecht, 16 nuies N. W. of Munfler. Lon. T. 4f. E. lat, 52. 15. N. * SiENNis, a viii.ige of Scotland, in the illaiid of Orkney, At this place, be- tween Kiikwalland Stromncfs, is a curi- uuk bridj^c, or vaui'cwii/, acroli a liAiivw S T E neck of land, between fvo lakes. /\, the end uf ttiii caiil'cway, I iiic (fims ,. alloniliiiok; mai;nitude, and lo feet lu have been erif.ted; and lliiic arc n'vi, other hujjc inaflcs ot Hone in the nn. ■'.- bourhood. Very fimilir to ilic celtbi ; . 1 ancient monument, called Stuiichenj;t, 1 :, Salirt)uiy Plain. • Stei'ney, a village E. of London, and almoll contigu>'ii>i to it. It< p,i;Mi WIS of Cuch extet f, and Ui much intii,, in buildings, as to pi luce the parillit , St. Mary, at B.iw ; St. Mary, \Vhiue;, - pwl ( St, Anne, Limahoule ; St. Gcor^ ■ , Rntditf Hij;hway ; Chriu-cliur.li, Snu ,! heldb ; and Sr. M.itthcw, IJethnil Grceii ; and yei it remain:! one of ihe largeli ; • rillies in the billi 01 nioitality, and t.. 1- t.iins tl'c hamlets of Mile-End Old Tou n, Mile -Entitle w Town, K.tclitt, and ruji. lar. Sternmiero, a town of Germany, I.: the circle of Upper Saxony and mar.ju, late of Brandenburg. It is a large, op.i place, but carries on a grci't commerce i.i cattle, and is feated 20 miles N. E. . i' Fraticfort upon Oder. Lon. 15. ii. E lat. t,i. 30. N. STEurzi.s'GEN', a town of Germru:;.-, jn the Tirol, feated at the fo.ot of a inmu,- tain, on the river Eyfoch, 12 tniks fic:ii Brixcn. Stetin, or Stettin, a fcaport ti ■■. ;) of Germany, in the circle of Upper S !■ ,- ny, and capital of Hither Poinerania, wit:i a calile. It had long a famous fchc !, which the wars of Germany never lin- turbed, is now a ilourilhing place, - a river Oder into two parts. It is fubjeCt to the king of Pruflia. Stevenage, a town of Ilcnfordfhif. which had a market, now difufed. It is : : miles N. N. W. of Hertford, and 31 N. ' / W. of London. Lon. 0. 13. W. lat. ■;;, 59. N. SiEVENSWAERT, afortrefs of Dutc!i Gutlde. land, feated on tlie river Mae'i, over which there is an important pafinj;. at this place. It is 10 miles N. E. ot Maeftricht, and five from Ruremondc. Lou. r. 48. E. lat. 51. 4. N. * Stewart's Islands, a clutter ef five ifiands in the S. Pacific Ocean, dif- egvercd by capcaw Hunter in 1791, ani named "U!JMA-«W>t l | l lJ II ftot In i •ttd ; mill time arc n' , _. iiuillVs ot Itoiic ir> tUe nti: .■ y Imiilii- 1(1 ilif ctlt'ui:! l! uiiuiU, calltil Stuiichent;t, lu ,im. i;y, a village E. of Lomlou, contiguoii-. to it. Jti p,*r;;ii extrt t, an'l to mucll incii.i ! as to pi Jucc the parilht , .. Biw ; St. Mary, Whiitc, - Dili:, Limftlii'urt i St. Geori ■ , hway i (Jhriu-timr^li, Sni: .'. S:. Mitthcvv, Ccthiul Ghcu; rcmaiiiif one nf \\x largill i • ir btlii 01 iiioitality, mid Cu;i- ^Icts of Mile-Knii OKI Town, few Town, Kitclitt, and ro;i- ^. ISERO, a town of Germany,!.! of Upper Saxony and martjui andcnbiirg. It is a large, op-:i carries on a pre 'f commerce i.: is fcated :o miles N. E. ■ :' upon Oder. Lon. 15. 11. E. I). N. zi.s'GEN', a town of fiermruiy, rol, leatcJ at the fo.ot ot a mcuu- he river Eyfutli, J2 miles from |n, or Stettin, a fcaport tov.a my, in the circle of Upper Si\.)- :apital of Hitlur P.iiiicr.inia, \vit:i It had lonij a fuinous fchc '. le wars of Gcrmnny never lin- is now a ilourilhing place, a il 1 a confidtrable trade. It is k,. :hu river Oder, 74 miles N. t, and 70 N. by E. of Be;.:!. . 3S.li. lat. 53. 3S-N- jN, or Stettin, a duchy of i'" It is i»5 miles in length, and upon Mecklenburg, and p^rtiy andenburg. The breadth is. fr&r.i 5 miles, and it is divided by tiic ier into two parts. It is fubjcct ing of Pruflla. ENAOK, a town of Ilcrtfordfliir-. ad a market, now diCufcd. It ib ; ^ , N. W. of Hertford, and 31 N. ■ ,' ..ondon. Lon. 0. to. W. lat. 5:. rENSWAERT, afortrefs of Dutch land, feated on tlie river MacU, liich there is an important pallV.jj. place. It is 10 miles N. E. ot cht, and five from Ruremonut, 48. E. lat. 51. 4- N. kwart's Islands, a clultcr cl- ;nds in the S. Pacific Ocean, dif by captam Hunter in 179". S T I named by him in honour of admiral Keith Stewart. Lon. i6j. 18. E. Im. 8. x6. S. Steyniso, a borough of Sulfex, with & market on Wcdncfd.iy, i^ milts VV. of Lcweii, an! 51 S. by.W. of London. Lon. o. 15. W. tat. 50. 56. N. Stevu.'T STtVKF, a town of Ger- Inanv, in the circle of Upper AulUia, and in tlic quarter of Tr.iun. It is well-built, carrier on a great trade iu iron, and is fcated at tlie cunHiience of the rivcri Steyr sind Ens, 10 milis S. E. of Lint/, and eit;lit S. of En>. L' 11. 14. 13. E. lat. 4V. Stiuiciano, a town of the kin,;;dom of Naples, fammis for its baths, and fcated near tlie river Salandrclla. SriKiA, ^ duchy nf Germany, In the circle of Auitria, bounded on the N. by the archii'.ichy of Aullria ; on the E. by Hungary ; on the S. by Carniola j and on the VV. by C.uinthia, and tlie archbi- Ihopric of Saltiiiurg. It is 125 milts in length, and 17 in lireadth. Though it is a mountainoui country, there is a great de.il of land fit for tillage, and the foil is fo pood, thit the inhabitants were never in want of corn. It contaias mines of very good iron, whence the arms made here are in great eftceni. The women diifer greatly from the Auftrians, and arc ver plain and dov.-nrichi. They have % dwellings on their tliroatb, called bri.nclio- celcs. The men are alfo very fimple, and are very zealnus worlhippers of the Virgin Mary. They delight to fit at home, in the chimney-corner, never troubling their heads ahou: forci;:u affairs. The chief town is Gratz. Stirling, a large town of. Scotland, the capi'.al of Stirlingfliire. It "iS feated «in the S. fide of the frith of Forth, on a hill, which rifing from the E. terminates abruptly in a ffeep rock. On this rock is an ancient caftic, which was often the refidence of the kings of Scotland, and in which James VI. fpent the whole of his minority, under the tuition of the cele- brated Buchanan. The outlide of the palace is curioufly encircled with various grotefque figures. From the callle is a fine view of the windings of the Forih, which are fo numerous, that the di' nee from Stirling to Alloa is above 20 ml. ; by water, although only four by land. This calUe, in the laft rebellion, was luccefsfully defended by general Blakeney. The church of Stirling is a mai;nificent Cothic Itrufture, which ferver. for two feparate places of worfhip. In this town and it> nci^ltboufhood are ntauufaAoiies of S T O carpets, flialliKins, and other woollitl fturt's : that of t.irtms, formerly vtiy ilourifhing, is now on the decline. Stil- ling it Iu conimodiou. 6. N. STiRi.i.sGSHini., u county of Scot- land, b.iLMidtd (ill the N. and N. E. by Perthlliirc ; on the E. by tin- frith of Forth; on the S. E. by Linlithi; 'wlhire ; on the S. by Uunibartonlliirc ; and on the VV. iiy that ci'unty and Loch Lo- mond. It 13 about 30 miles in length, and in its guatcl\ breadth nut more than ij. Stiilin;; is the capital. SriKi'M, a town of Germiny, in the duthy i,f Herg, fcated on the nvcr Roer, It miles N. of Duffeldorp, and l'uUje6t to the elector palatine. Lon. 6. 51. E. lat. 51. 14. N. Stochfm, a town of Germany, in th« circle of VVellphalia, and bifliopric of Liege ; feated on the river Matfe, is miles N. of Maellricht. Lon. 5. 41. E. lat. 51. 4. N. Stock A K, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and landgravate of Ncl- Irtiburg, feated on a river of the lainc name, live miles from the lake of Conftance, and 12 N. from the town of that name* Lon. q. 10. E. lat. 47. 50. N. SroCKBRiDGK, a borouth of Hamp- fliire, whufe market is on ThiirfdMy. Ic is nine miles N. W. of Wincliefter, and 67 VV. by S. of London. Lon. t. 30. W. lat. 51. 9'. N. Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, in a fituation remarkable for its romantic fc'.ncry. It is very long and irregular, and occupies, befide two peninfulas, feven fmall rocky iflands^, fcattered in the Mac- ler, in the ftreami which ilTue from that lake, and in a bay of the Baltic. A va- riety of contrafted and enchanting views are formed by numberlcfs rocks of granite, rifing boldly from the furface of the water, partly bare and partly craggy, and partly dotted with houfes, or feathered witii wood. The harbour is an inlet of the Baltic : the water 15 of fuch depth, that fliips of the largeft burden can ap- proa,;h the (]uay. At the extremity of the harbour, feveral llreets rife one above another, in the form of an amphitheatre ; and the palace, a magnificent building, crowns the I'ummit. The arfenal con- tains many curiofities. Except in the fuburbi, wl'.cie feveral houtcs are of wood, painted reJ, the generality of the buildings are of ftone, or of brick liuccoed white. Stockholm is 200 mil'.'S N. E. of S '> t Copen« 1 k S T O S T O Cop? nha^en, ioc.t N. E. of Pirii, and lourncfi «ml »mport«ncc. It hai s chaptt of Ooci r^f. K. of Lindim. Lon. iH. ij. E. e.ife to the pirilh church, wliicli It about A lac. j(). 10. N. (|iiartcr of a mile finiii the lonfii. flrocKPOftT, a town in Clie(hire,with Stokeji.ky, a town in tlie N. riding a market nn Piida^ It Ij oncnf tlit mod of Yorklhire, »viih a nwiket on Saturday. cnnfidcrahtc pl.iccs in the kinj/loin fur the It in fciteH among feveral Imnll ftreanii, in:inu!aAurc of cotinn and printed ijuoils, if> milt) N. of York, and 151) N. by W. and ii featrd on till' Mcrt'ey, ovt-r which 11 ot London. Lon. 1. t. W. fat. ^4. jtj.N, ii bridge that leiid* into Lmcilhlrc. It is fix bToi.HHRfi, a town of Germany, in miles S. of Manchcftcr, and i7nN. N.VV. the circle of Upper 8«xony and territory of London. Lon. 1. 18. W. lat. o. jt. N. of Thurinxia, capital of a county of the SrncKTON, a handfomc nourifhin^ fame name. It h^j a liandfonx! caftle, town, in the county of Durh.im, with .i where the count rtlide^, and is leatcd in market on U'edneldAy. It liat a large a valley, between two mmintains, 10 mile* nwnufaflury of fait-cloth, and is noted lor N.of NurdhauCcn, and 5S N. \V, of Leip- in jiood ale, and fending lead, torn, and lick. Lon. 11. t(. K. lat. 5i.4i.N. butter to London. Jt is feaitd on the Stoi.hofi'kn, a tiwn of Germany, river Tecs, at fome diHanrc from its in the circle of Siiahia and manpiilatc iif iiioiitli, 18 miles S. E. by ?^. of Durham, and Baden; ftatcd on a mor.il's, near the m N.byW. of London. Lou. 1. (>. W. Rhine, eight miles 8. W. of Baden, and lat. <;4. 3b. N. It N. E. of Stralburg. Lon. 8. 10. E. ' SrocKWF.Ll.a viliapp of Surry, In lat. 48.41. N. the jwrilh of Laml)eth. Hi re is a neat Stoi.i-kv, a town of Germany, in the chapel of cafe, to which archliirti'ip .-decker circle of Upper Saxony, and in Farther contributed 500I. It b two miles S. \V, of London. Stock/,o\v, a town of Germany, in Silefiii, and in the principality of Tef- chen, featcd on the river Viftula, li miles S. E. of Tefchen, and 37 8. E. of Trop- jjaw. Lon. 18. 31. }•",. lat. 41. 4;. N. SroKF.a villnjje in Uorfctlhire, N. W. of \\'arehani, commonly called East Stoke. At Highwood, near this villa^;c, in 1750, on opcnin;; a tumulu'i, two feet from t'.ie furfacc, three urns were taken up full of decayed bones. Stokf., a village in Norfolk, S. E. of Dowiiham, with a ferry on the Stckc, V'hich is navigable to it froin thi; Oiife. Stoke, a village in Suffolk, near Nay- land. It has a cCurrh, upon a hill, whrjle tower is izo feel high, andis a landmark Pomerania ; liibjeft to the kinp of Pruf- fia, and fratcd in a plcafant valley, on ? river of the fame name, c;'j miles N. K. of Colbcrg, and 66 N. W. of Dantzic. Lon. 16. 45, E. lat. 5^. jz. N. 8ri)NK, p town of Staffordfhire, vrith a m3rk».t on Tucfday, featcd on the river Trent, j2 milci, N. W, of Lichfield, and 140 N. W. ol London. Lon. t. o. W. lat. 153. 4. N. '* Stowfuyi ES, a remarkable cataraft of Lanerkfliire, in Scotland. See C 1, v dk. '■' Sio.NKHAM, North and South, two villages in Hants, felted on the river Itchen, three miles N. E. of Sotithampton. In the church of the former is an elegant nionument, crctled in iT'<3, to the me- mory of tho late admiral lord Hawkc. Stoneiilngk, a remarkable heap of to (hips that palii the mouth of'the Orwell, ftoncs, lying upon Salilbury Plain, fix at 13 miles diftance. miles N. of Salilbury. It confilh of * Stoke, pr Stoke Pooes, a vil- fevcral very hrge ftones, placed upon one lage r i;'/. •..,. ,pjp,jgn„ ifi miles W. of Wells, and 1 52 W. by S. of Lo.ndon. Lon 3, '14. W. lat. 51. 10. N. . * Stoke Uamakei., a pari'di of De- ^yonfhire, about two miles N. W. of Ply- (inouth. It lies alont; the harbour ^f Ha- m. S T O nportuncc. It hM a chspet of rilh church, whicl> U about A nile fioiii the town. Y, a town in 'lie N. riding with • OMtket on Saturday. -imnn|» fevcrnl Imall ftirtiinn, of York, and t?-) N. by W. Lon. I. ». U'. U. H- »9-N. (;, a lONvn of Oermany, m Upper Ssxony «nd territory ,1, capital of a county of the It hrtJ a liHn(lf()ii% <^y. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 'SIIIIM 125 l-il 12.2 li I2i^ — 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 6" ► m VQ <^ //> / '^A Photographic Sciences Corporation ip 4s ■\ o ^ <1? o^ ^ <^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4SC3 "% U -iP V w -i»A»9SW**{ ifi-aasJ*s>U! 'r // 4^ !<- .'- " , ' j^ ' ■ ^ij^^i?^■ ' "l ' ^gS^?■ n ci P U c n c r a t f c S T O refidcnce of the hereditary carl mirflial of Scotland: it ftands on a lofty per- pendicular rock ahnoft furroundud by the Jca. Not far li<;nce, is a precipitous cliff, called Fowl's Clciigh, which is re- markable for the rtlort of the biiJs called kittiwakcs, the young ol which are much fought after in tb'. hatching Icalon, and are eftetmed a great delicacy. In this town is a manufaftory of < anvals, and fome trade in dried ftfii and oil. This oil is obtained chiefly from the dogfilh, great quantities of which arc caught on this coaft. Stonehaven is 14 miles S. by V*'^. by Aberdeen. aTORMAUiA, a principality of Ger- many, in the duchy of Htlftein, bounded on the N. by Holftein Proper; on the E. by Wagria, and the duchy of Lawen- burg ; and on the S. and \V. by the da- chics of Lunenburg and Bremen, from which it is feparatcd by the river Elbe. It is 11 miles in length, and eight in breadth. Gluckftadt is tlve capital. Stornaway, a flourilhing towa of Scotland, in the iflc of Lewis, one of the weftern iflands. It has a harbour called Loch Stornaway, on the E. fide of the N. divifion of the illand. SxoKTFORD, or Bishop's Stokt- FORn, a town of Hertford (hire, with a market on Thuridav. It is ftatcd on the fide of a hill, and is a large nnd well-tie- quented town. On the E. fide are the inins of a caftle, on an artificial mount. The river Stort has been made navigable from this town to the river Lea, by which great quantities of corn and malt are lent to London. Ii is 12 miles N. E.of Hert- ford, and 30 N. of London. Lon. o. 11. E. lat. 5«-55-N. , . ^ .. v, a ■"' Stour, a river which riles beyond the moft northerly point of Dorfetlliire, on the edge of Wilts, and, after walhiiig Sturminfttr and Blandford, flows to the HampQiire border, and enters the fea at Chriftchurch. «^ Stour, a fmail river of Kent, which .•ifes in the Weald, flows liy Carterbury, and enters the lea below Sandwich. * Stour., a river which forms the entire boundary between Elftx and Suf- folk, waters Clare, Sudbury, Tsayland, and Manningiree ; and, being joined by ! the Orwell from Ipfwich, forms the noble ' harbour of Harwich. ^ ,„ • * Stour, a river of Stanordlhire, which runs through the S. angle of that county in its courle to the Severn in V\ or- ccfterfhirc. Stourbridge, a town of Worcetter- Ihirc, whh a market cu Fridiv. It is icated Qn the river Stour, over xvUich is a S T R bridge, whence it has if. name. It is^ S pretty good town, and is noted for its- rials and iion works. It has a good free- Ichuol, in which there 1. a library, liudii -2 milesK.of Worceftcr, and 124 >• ^^ N. the of Lmidon. Lon. 1. o. V,' . In. 52. 3 SroLKiiiiiuoE, or SrvRHiCH, name of a lield near Cambridge, noted for iis f.imous fair, kept annually on the v\\ of September, whitli cuntinues a fortnight. There are a great many tradcrtr.sn go thither from London, as well as from ot.;.er parts; and the commodities are horles, hops, iron, wood, leather, checfe. Sec. This fair is under •.he jurifdidUein of t.ie univcrfitv of C'aiiibridi;e. Srow', a town of Glouccftcrfliirc, with a market on Thurfday. Some call it Stow on the Would ; and it is not only leatcl on a bleak hi!i, but is deftitute of wood and water. It is 1 1 miles S. ot Campdcn, and 77 W. by N. of London. Lon. 1. 50. W. lat. 5.. 54. N- ^ ^ ... SrowEY, a town of S nnerlctlhirc, with a market on Tuefdiy ; 22 mihs W. of Wells, and .45 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3- 9. W. hit. St. 10. N. Sigw-Market, a large, handfonie town of Suffolk, fo called, to diftinguilh it from towns of the fame name, in other l)arts of thi: county. It has a market oa Thurld.iy, and is leated between the branches' of the rivers Gipping and Or- well. It has a large church : the tower and fpire are 1:0 feet high. Its cherries are thou^'nt to be the fined in England, and it has a large manufadory of woollen auffs. It is 12 miles N. W. of Ipfwich, and 7 5 N. N. E. of London. Lon. 1. 6. E.'lat. S2. 16. N. , r , ■ 1 SiUAtiELLA, a town of Italy, in the duchy ugh, is about three miles below Strangford. It contains 54 iflands, great and finall, that have names, and many others that are namelcfs. The burni-.ig of kdo very profitably employs a great number of hands in thefe ifiaiid-'. Four of them are called Swan Iflands, from the number of fwans that frequent them. STRANMtAWER, a large and popu- lous borough of Wi,:;t nfhire, in Scotland, fitua'cd on Loch Ryan. It had once a conliderahle herring fifliery ; but the flvials ■ hich ufed to crowd into Loch Ryan, hsve now quire defcrtcd it. It has a manufaftory of linen, and is tight milts W. of Gleniucs. Lon. 5. 15. W. lat. 55- O.N. . , , , STR.^sBURG, an ancient, large, liand- fome, populous, and commercial city of Prance, in the department of Lower Rhine and lare province of Alface. It is fituated a quarter of a league from the Rhine ; antl the river 111 runs through it, and forms -many canals. There are fix bridges of communication between the different quarters of the city ; two of which are of ftone, and four of wood. The inhabitants, exclurive oWihe garrifnn, ' arc computed to be 46,000. The princi- pal ftrutlures are built of a red ftone, dug from the quarries which are along the Rhine. This town, formerly imperinl, ^as taken by Lewis XIV. in i68i. The citadel, an4 th fortifications, which this prince cunftru red, have been augmented to futh a degree, thr.t Strafburg may now be confidered as one of the ftrongeft places in Europe. It vi'as lonfirmed to France by the peace of Ryfwick in 1697. The town is entered by fix gates. The ftreets, in general, are narrow ; but the great ftreet, nd two othtrs, arc very regular aud haav'Cume. Before the revolutioa of — — ^ b T R ^ 1789, Strafburg was an archiepifcopal fee ; but is now a biihopric, faffragan to Be(an(jon. In the cathedral is a clock, which (hows the motions of the c.mP.clla- tions, the revolutions of the fun and moon, the days of the week, the hours, kc. Ano- ther remarkable circumftancc in this ca- thedral is its pyramidical tower, which is 549 feet high, and is axended by 635 fteps. The townhoufe, the cpifcopal pa- lace, two hofpitals, the theatre, and the arttnal, are alfi) worthy of attention. Here is a fchool of artillery, and, in one of the Lutheran churches, the maufoieum of marlhal Saxc. Strafburg is 1:5 miks N. of Bafil, and j -5 E. of Paris. Lon. 7- 51. E. lat. 48. 3'vN. Strasburg, atown of Wcf^ern Pruf- fia, in Culm. It is a ftrong place, has a good caule, and is feated on the river Drigentz, 30 miles from Thorn. It was often taken and retaken in the war be- tween the Swedes and Poles. Lon. 18. 23. E. lat. 53. 5. N. * Stratford, a conridcrabie village of Effex, feparatcd from Bow in Middie- fex. by the river Lea, over which is a bridge, faid to be the n-.ofl ancient ftone one in England. It is in the parifh of Weft Ham, four miles E. N. E. of Lon- don. Stratford, Fenny, a town of Bucks, with a market on Monday, 45 miles N. W. of London. Stratford on Avon, a town of Warwickfhirc, with a market on Tliurf- day. It is feated on the river Avon, over which is a hardfome ftone bridge, with 13 great ar,d 6 fmall arches. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, higli ftcward, II aldermen, and is capital hur- gefTes. It is memorable as the birth- place of Shakfpeare, who was buriccl here in 1616. It is eii>ht miles S. W. of Warwick, and 94 N. W. of London, Lon. I. 44. W. lat. 52. ic. N. * Stratford, St. Mary's, a con- fiderable village of Suffolk, which has a fharc in the woollen maiiufaflure. It i; 12 miles S. W. of Ipfwich, and 57 N. E. of London. Stratford, Stony, an ancient town of Buckinghamfliire, with a niarktt on Friday. It is feated on the river Oufe, and on the Roman highway, called Wat- linic- ftreer. It has two parifli-churciies, and is 20 miles N. W. of Dunftablc, and 52 N. W. of London. Lon. 0. 55. W. lat. 52. 7. N. "*■ StratHavon, a town or LanerK- fhire, in Scotland, to the S. of Hamilton. It is furrounded by a little fertile trad, from which it takes its name. * Strath. b 1' R ^ rafbiirg was an archicpifcnpal is now a bilhopric, fulTrag^n to . In the cathetlral is a clock, )ws the motions of the cnnCella- revolutions of the fun and mnon, if the week, the houib, ;^-c. Ano- |arkablf circiimflance in this ca- its pyramiclical toiver, which is high, and is 3"cendt'il by 635 'he townhoufe, the cpilcopal pa- hofpitals, the theatre, and the re alii) wonhy of attention. Here il of artillery, and, in one of the I churches, the maufoleiim of ISaxe. Strafbiirg; is e.^ miles N. and ir.^ E. of Paris. Lon. 7. t. 48.^,^.N. JsHL iiG, atown of ^Vcftern Pruf- Tuhii. It is a ftrnng place, has ;a,,le, and is feated on the river /., 30 milos from Thorn. It was ktn and rctsken in the war be- c Swedes and Poles. Lon. 18. It. 53. c. N. RATFOiin, a confidcrabie village , feparated from Bow hi Middle, the river Lea, over which is a faid to be the moft ancient ftone England. It is in the p-iri(h of am, four miles E. N. E, of Lon- It ir. liTFCRD, Fenny, a town of with a market on Monday, 4; VV. of London. ATFORD ON Avo.s, a town of ckfhire, with a market on Tliurf- It is feated on the river Avon, hich is a hrndfoinc ftone bridt 3 great ar,d 6 fmall arches. Ed by a mayor, recorder, high I, 12 aldermen, and i» capital bur- It is memorable as t!ic birth- of Shakfpeare, who was burietl 1616. It is eii^ht miles S. W. of ick, and 94 N. W. of London, . 44. VV. lat. 52. !=;. N. PKATFORD, St. Mary's, 3 con- ic villaue of ScjfFi.lk, which has a n the woollen m-mufafiiire. It i: ;s S. W. of Ipfwich, and 57 N. E. don. ATFORD, Stony, an ancient f Duckinghamftiire, with a market lay. It is feated on the river Oufe, the Roman highway, called Wat- reer. It has two pnrirti-churcnes, 20 miles N. W. of IJunrtable, and W. of London. Lon. 0. 55. VV. .7.N. '^ ■ fratHayon, a town of Lanerk- m Scotlmd, to the S. of Hamilton, urrounded by a little fertile traft, irhich it takes its n^me. # SXRATk. S T R * Strathearm, a line vale of Pelrth- fhire in Scotland, extendini^ m.mv miles to the VV. It is ikrccned on the N. by the Grampian niount.-.ins, and on the S. by the Ochils. It contains a treat number of villas, and the river Earn winds heau- tifullv through it for above 20 miles, • Strathmork, an c>;tenfive valley of Kincardinediire, and one of the finell trails in Scotland. It bejjins n<:iir Stone- haven, extending S. VV. ahnoft as f-ir as Ben Lomond in Stir!ing(hirc,at:d Iheltercd to the N. VV. by the Grampian moun- tains. ' Strathmorf., a river of Suther- hndlhire, in Scotland, that falls into Loch Hjpc. On this i-Iver arc the ruins of a curious ancient fort, called Dornadilla. Stratus' AVER, a diftrl'ft of Suther- hndlhire, in Scotland, which comprilcs the whole N. E. part of that county. It takes its name from the river N.iver. • Stratiigpey, an extenfive valley of Murraylhire, in Scotland, famous for giving name to a very (trikinu; and popu- lar fpecics of Scotch mufic. Tuli-xh- gorum, Rothiemerchus, and feveral other phccs ttlebrated in long, arc met with m this fertile traft. * Strathy, a river of S.ithcrland- fliire, ill Scotland, whicli lloivs into an ex- tenfive bsy "f the Nortii Sea, fhchered by a large promontory, to which it gives name. ■Str attok, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Tuefday. It is Icatod be- tween two rivulets, v/hich here unite, and fall into the fca at a fmall distance. It is I'f miles N. VV. of Launcefton, and S2 1 VV. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 43'. VV. ht. 5-.. 55. N. S ir Ai'Bi.VG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, capital of a territory of die fame name. It is a large place, and its ftreets are hroid, containing hanJ- fome churches and fine convents. Ft was taken, in 1743, by the Auftrians who de- molidied the fortilicatioiis the next yi. ir ; but it was rcftored in 1745. '^ '* ieitcJ un the Danube, 22 miles S. E. of Rati;', ban, a'ld 65 N. E. of Munich. Lon. 12. 35. E. Ik. 48. 54. N. ■■■' SxREATHAM, a Village of Surry, five miles S. of London. A mineral water, of a cathartic quality, was din;overed in this paiifl), in 1660; it is fent in quanti- ties to fome of the li ofpirals in Lonjon. Strenc;, or STRiwa'ES, a town of Sweden, in the province of Sudermania, with a bilhop's fee, and a hand fome col- lege. It is feated on the lake Maeler, 30 milfs VV. of Stockiioiin. Lon. 17. 40. ^. lac, 59. zo. N, STR * Stroma, a fmall idand, on the coaft of Ckithnefslhire, in Scotland, once ufed, as a place of intcrnitnt, by the ii- habitants of feveral of the ntighhouring iflands., In the caverns of this id md, entire uncor- rupted luimaii b dies, tliat hid been dead fi.xty years, or more, were formerly to be found. Stromboi.o, the moft northern of the Lipari Klands. It is a vi Itin", which conftantly difcliarges much hre and fnioke. It rifesin a conical form aiiovc the furface of the fea. On the ealt fidr, it has three or four little craters rani'.ed near each other, not at the fiimiiu':, but on the de- clivity, nearlv at two-thirds of its height. But as the furface of the volcano i.s very rugged, and inturlefted witli hollow ways, it may be naturally cincluded, tbat at the time of fome great eriip'.ion, the fummit and a part of this fide fell in, as muft»tiave hap- pened alfo to Vefuvius; Cfinfequentlv, the common chimney is at this d,iv on tlie de- clivity, although aiways in the centre of the whole bafe. It is inhabited, notwith- ftaiuling its fires; but care is taktti to avrid the proximity or the crater, which is yf much to be feared. " I was af- fured," fays M. de Luc, " by an Englifli- inan. who, like me, had the curiolity to vifit thefe ides, t.hat the fine weather having invited hiui and his compniiy to land at Srrombolo, they afcencicd a volcano, whole craters at that time threw out nothing ; but that while tlicy were atte.uivciy viewing them, unapprchenfive of any clanger, they were fuddenly lalutcd by fuch a furious difchargc, as to be obl'gcd to retreat with precipitation, and not without one of the company beint:; wounded by a piece of fcoria." Of all the volcanoes recorded in hillory, Strom- bolo ..cms to be triie only one that burns without ceafing. Etna and Vefuvius often lie quiet f r many months, and even years, witi out the li;alt appearance of iirc ; but S -oinbolo is ever at svork, an-!, fur agos part, has been looked upon as the great liglithoufe uf tlicfe leas. ' Lon. 1 ?. 45. E. I it. 30 o. N. ■■■ STROiM.VKSs, u t.wn of Scotland, nn the \V. fide of the iiland o? Orkney. It has an excellent and we.ll-freqticntcd har- bour. It is about nine miles \V. of Kirk- wall. . SrROMBi-:RG, atown of Germany, in the bilhopric of Munfter, and capital' of a fmall dl(\ri6t. It is 22 mile* S. E. of Munfter, and 20 N. W. of Padcrborn. Lon. 8. 14. E. lat. 51. 49. N. SrnoNGOLf, a town of the kinirdom of Naples, with a bifhop's fee. It is feat- ed on a very high rock, furrounded by S i> 4 others '% — :>. lo. N. " Strvnaa, an ifland of Scotlnnd, ■one o£ the Orknies, fituated N. E. of that called ISdjinktHd. Stkoud, a town of Gloucefterfliire, with a market on Friday. It is ff.ited 011 aiiiwll ilream, the properties of which are f»id to be peculiarly adapted to the dying of fcarUt. For tiiis rcafon its banks are crowded with the houfes of cluthiers ; and the rlTalet bting itfelf inconfiderible, a navigable canal accompanies its progress to the Severn. This canal has been lately extended to join the Thames at Lechlade. SeeTM.vMts. Stroud is 11 miles S. E. of Glouccfttr, and loi \V. by N. of Lon- don. Loi. t. 8. W. lat. ji. 41. N. * Stroud, a village of Kent, which joins tli: N. end of Rochcftcr bridge, be- ing pdrtt'd from the city by the river Medway. Its church was anciently a chapel of eal'e to Frindfbury. It is t<) niiles S. E. of London. Studley, a village near Colne, in Wiklhirc. It is fuppofcd to have rifen out of the ruins of a Roman colony in its neighbourhood, where Roman coins are often found. Stuen, a town of Upper Hungary, remarkable far its hot baths, and for the mines of copper and filver found in a .neighbouring mountain. Stulingen, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and iulijett to the duke ■■>{ Furftenburg, with a caftle. It is 3^ miles VV. of Gonltancc. Lon. 8, 24. E. lat. 47. 4^ N. Stuiweissenburg, a (Irong town of Lower Hungary, capital nf Ekckerldege- war. It had the title of regalis, or roynl, becaufe fonncrly the kings wert crowned and buried here. It has been fcvtral times taken and retaken by the Turks .•and Imperialifts, and has been in the hands .of the houfe of Auftxia ever fince ifiSS. It is feared on die river Rauiiza, io miles -S. VV.of Buda, and lit K by'W. of Bilfwde. Lon. i8,i.4o.;E. Int. 47. 10. N. SiURMreSTEK, a town in D,irfet(hirt, iwith a markSt on Thurfday. Itis feated ,6» the riveti Stt>ur,ovei; which 's a hand- ^fohic ftoiifi br'idgJ. It is- remarkable for ^flie 'ruins of art- ascient cafile iieat^ it, /ff. ' 1' .' ^StuTttAKuva tsatidfomo anil jpopolmis "(totwrofGcnrany, in the circle or Suabi;t, i^apitaliof the dCchy of Wirtemburg-.- It ■^ fttfi'iMiKlfid "by Wails and diulicj>,- but S U D fttnds fo low, that it it impttflible to trnVt St a ftrone place. There ii an ancient canie, with a rkh cabinet of curiofitics, and handfonie gardens. The Areett are narrow in the town, and the houfes ge- Beially of wood ; but there are fine houfes, and Wide ftraight Arcete, in one of the fuburhsi Here ar« the duke't pa- lace, an orphan-houff, and a famous col- lege. It it feated in a plain, amorg mountains, near the river Neckar, 36 miles E. of Badm, and 51 N. E. of Straf- burg. Lon. 9. 10. E. lat. 48. 50. N. Suabia, a circle of Germany, bound- ed on the N. by the circle of Franconii, and that of the Lower Rhine ; on the W. by the circle of the Lower Rhine, and Allace ; on the S. by Swifferland ; and on the E. by the circle of Bavaria. It comprehends the duchies of Wirtemburg, the margravate of Baden, the principali- ties of Hoen-Zullern, Oetingen, and Mindelheim ; the bilhoprics of Auglburg, Conftance, and Coire, with feveral abbies, and free towns. SUANE, or SOANA. See SoANA. Sl'anes, Suani, or Suaneti, a poor and fimple people of Afia, who inhabit one of the four divifions of the kingdom of Imcritia. They fubfift by raifing cattle, and by a little agriculture. Major Rennell fuppofps them to be the defcen- dants of a people of the fame name and country, who are mentioned by Strabo. They were, in his time, a formidable and numerous nation, governed by a king, with a national council of 30* perfons. They are (aid to have coUefled a eonfider- able quantity of geld, by means of fleeces, which they funk in their torrents ; a pratlice, from which Strabo derives the fable of the Golden Fleece. It is report- ed, that this mode of collefting gold ftill fubfifted when the Turks were in poffef- fion of Mingrclia, and that the produce of a river, called the Zgenls-lkald, was farmed to certain, Jews at Conftantinople. SuAqUEM, a to.vn of Turkey in Afri- ca, capital of a beglerbegllc. It i« feated on the Red Sua, having a well- frequented Itarbour; in a fmal) illand, and xvasoncea very floMtilhing place, but is notv gone to dt!cay.- Loiii37, ;•;■. E.iat. ig. 56. N. St'BiiiAC'O, a: to.viT of, Italy, in the Citn Saturday. I^. is feated on thcrtver -Stouf, and it governed by a mayoi-, 7 aldetmtn, and 14' ' common cotirtcil. It is a large town, containini^ three sihdent churches, and was one of the firft l,-,_ . S U D low, that it it impoflible to mak? one place. There ii «n BDCient 'im a rich cabinet of curiofihes, dfonie gardens. The flreett are in the town, and the houfes ge- of wood ; but there ire fine and wide ftraight ftrcets, iti one "uburbg. Here are the duke'a pa, 1 orphan-houfr, and a famous col • [t is feated in a plain, amonp ins, near the river Neckar, 36 . of Bad»n, and 52 N. £. of Siraf- Lon. 9. io> E. lat. 48. ;o. N. lA, a circle of Germany, bound- he N. by the circle of Franconia, t of the Lower Rhine ; on the W. circle of the Lower Rhine, and ; on the S. by Swifferland ; and E. by the circle of Bavaria. It hends the duchies of Wirtettiburg, Tgravate of Baden, the principali- Hoen-Zollern, Ottingen, and Iheim ; the bilhoprics of Augfburg, nee, and Coire, with feveral abbies, e towns. NE, orSoANA. See SOANA. NES, SUANI, or SUANETI, a poor mple people of Afia, who inhabit the four divifions of the kingdom leritia. They fubfift by raifing and by a little agriculture. Major 11 fuppofps them to be the defcen- of a people of thf fame name and y, wno are mentioned by Strabo. werti in his time, a formidable and ■ous nation, govtrned by a king, I national council of 30* perfons. are (aid to have collected a ronfider- uantity of gold, by means of fleeces, they funk in their torrents ; a :e, from which Strabo derives the •f the Golden Fleece. It is report, it this mode of colleftmg gold ftiil ed when the Turks were in poffef- ■ Mingrelia, and that the produce of :r, called the Zgenis-fkald, was I to certain. Jews at Conftantinople. IqUEM, a town of Turkey in Afri- pita! of a Weglerbeglic. It is feated Kad Sua, having a well-frequented irj '\r\ a rmalt iliand, and was once a lourilhing place, but is nou/ gone to Loti.'l?. sr. E.iat. ig. 56. N. iiUAC-a, a: tn.v;\ of. Jtalr, in the sgna »f Rome, with a cafile. .It is on the river Tcverone, 33-mile8E. he. ■ ■ :-.- - • .'•■; ■ . •„ >puRY,a borough of Suffolk^with l;et on S^iturday. It. is feared on »er "Stout, and is governed by a , 7- aldermtti, and » 4 common I. It is a large town, containioi^ jicient churches, and was one of the ftrft S U F ■ fitft feao <>£ the Flemings, who were brought over by Edward HI. to teach lb« EngliH) the art of manufa£luring their own wool. It became, in confequencc, very papulous and opulent. Its trade is HOW diverted, in great part, into other channels, having left behind it the burden of a nutnerotiv poor. However, many kinds of thin l\iitf« are fliil mude here, particularly fays, bunting for navy co- Lurs, and burial crapes. Tiie riytr was made navigable from this place to Man- tiingtree many years ago. It is 14 miles S. £. of St. Edmumltbury, and 56 N. E. of London. Lon. o. 50. E. lat. 51. 1 1. N. SuUEKCOPiNC, a town of Sweden, in E. Gothland, 10 miles S. of Nordkioping, and 90 S. \V. of Stockholm. Lon. 15. j5. E. lat. 53. 19. N. S U D E a M A Ni A, or S U D E R M A N- LANOi a province of Sweden, which gives the title of duke to the prefent re- gent of that kingdom. It is bounded on the N. by Upland and Wefttrmania ; on the E. by the pcninfula of Tarin ; on the S. by the Baltic ; and on the W. by Nericia. It is about 6i miles in length, and 42 in breadth, and is the moll popu- lous part in Sweden. It abounds in corn, and mines of divers metals ; and Nikoping is the capital. * SuooRKE, one of the Ferro Iflands, in the Northern Ocean ; remarkable for a dangerous whirlpool near it, which is oc- cafioned by a crater, 61 fathom deep in the centre, and betwee.i 50 a:id 55 at the fides. The danger, at moft times, efpe- cially in ftorms, is very great: Ihips arc jrrefiftibly drawn in ; the rudder lofcs its power ; and the waves beat as high as the mads, fo that an efcape is alinoft miracu- lous; yet, at the reflux, and in very liill weather, the inhabitants will venture in boats, for the fake of fiiiiing. Suez, a towi^ of Africa, in Egypt, feated at the N. end of the W. gulf of the Red Sea, celled the gulf of Suez, with a caftle and a harbour. This gulf is fepar- ated from the Mediterranean, by an il\h- mus, ie$ miles over, wiiich joins Afia to Africa. The tow n is furrounded by a fandy country, and is without water. It is v«ry much crowded with people, when the Turkifti gallies arrive there. How- ever, at other times, it is almoft deferted ; and the harbour « toy. Ihallow to admit Ihips of great burden. It i" 65 miles E. of Caird. Lon, 3*. 4j. E. lat. 30. ». N. Surf OLK, an Engiilh county, bounded on the W. by Carabridgelhire ; on the N. by Norfqjk ; onthe S. by Effex ; and on ■ the E. by the- German Ocean. It extends 58 miUs fromji. to W. and a9. from N. S U L to S. It lies in the dioccfc of Norwich ; is divided into at hundreds, containing 18 market-towns, and 575 parishes; and fends 16 members to |)arliainent. The air is very clear and healthy, even near the fcacoalt ; tiic beach bemg generally fandy and ihcUy, which cither abforbt or repels the fea- water, and keeps it fnnn ftagnating. The foil is of various quali- ties, but the country in general level. That near the fhore is fandy and full of heaths, yet abounds in rye, pca^, turnips, carrots, and hemp, with numerous flockt of ihecp. Copious beds of petrified fliells, called Ihcll-marl, which are found in va- rious parts between Woodbridge and Or- ford, have fnr many years been made ufe of for improving light land, and have li- berally rewarded the agricultural labour* in thofe parts. Hii;h SulFolk, or the Woodlands, which is m the inland n.irt of the county, has a rich deep clay and marl, that yields good pafture-grounds, on which feed abundance of cattle. That part which lies on the confines of Eflex and Cambridgefliirc, affords al.'b excellent paflurc; and about Bury St. Edmund's, and to the N. and N. W. it is fruitful in com, except toward Newmarket. The feeding of cattle and fheep on turnips is faid to have been an improvement firft fet on foot in this county. Its principal pro- duce is butter and checfe ; but as the Iat» ter is only fupplcmentary td the former, it has gained, almoft proverbially, the charafter of the worft in England. Grain of all forts, beans, and hemp, arc grown in this county, and a few hops not far from Sudbury. They have an excellent breed of draujjht hories ; the farmers are opulent and Ikilful; and, on the whole, this county, with refpeft to agriculture, is one of the moft thriving in England. The principal rivers are the Stour, which divides it from Effex ; the Wavenpy, and Little Oufe, which form its nonhtrn limits ; the Larke, which, with another fm?ll fiream, is its boundary on the N. W. the Deben, Gipping, and Orwtll. Ipf- wich is the principal town ; but the af- iizes are held at Bury St. Edmund's. SfGELMESSA, Or SiCELME.SSA, a province of Africa, in Bikikilgerid ; bounded on the W. by the province of Dara; on the E. by the Rctelj on the S. by the kingdom of 1 dfilet ; and on the N. by Mount Atlas. It is alwut 100 miles in length, and the capital is of the fame name. It abounds in corn, dates, and other fruits ; ana has mines of iron, lead, and autimony. The government is a republic. Lon. 5. 5. VV. lat. 19. 40. N. Sl'liv, a town ot France, in the de- paitment ■% S U M partmcnt of Loirct and late prnvince of Cltanois, lea'td on the river Loire, lo milts S. E. fif OrLana. L>jii. 2. 16. E. Ut. 47.40. N. , , . . . c SuLMoNA, a town of the kmqdom or JJaples, remarkable fur bcin^ the birth- place of Ovid. It is k.itcd on the river Bora, 16 miles S. W. of Ciiicri. Lon. 14. 55. E. lat. 42. o. N. Sultan f A, a confiderahle town of Perfia, in Irac-Apcmi, Here is a very magnificent niol'iiue, which contains the lonib of Sultan Chndabend. It is iz? miicj N. W.of Ifpahan, and ro N. W. of Ca(bin. Lon. 51. S3. '''• '•>'. '''• i6.N._ SuLTSBACK, a town of Germany, in ^he palatinate nf Bavaria. It is a liand- fome pinrc, has a fine caiilc, and belongs to the duke of Neiiburi'-Sultfbach. It is 10 milei N. \V. of' Aniberg, and 32 N. of B.iti(bon. Lon. it. 56. E. lat. 49. I''. N. Si'i.T/-BVR(;, a town of Gcrmanv, in Brilgaw. belonging to the mari[uli,ire of Baden-Dourlach, where tlitre is a hand- fome p;',lace. It is feared in a territory, fertile in good wine, eiuli' miles 8. W. of Friburg. Lon. 7. 30. ¥.. lat. 47. ?4- N. SuMATitA, an ifland of Alia, tlie rnoft wellern of the Sunda Itl.inds, ar.d conlU tuting, on that tide, tlic b.und.iry of the Eiftcrn Archipelatjo Its tiencral direc- tion is nearly N. \V. and S. E. The e(tuato.- divides it into almoft equal pr.rts, the one extremity being in 1;. 33. N. and the other in s. 56. S. lat. Achecn Head, at the N. extremity of the ill.md, is in lin. 05. .34. E. It lies txj-oled, on the S. W." fide, to the hull:i!i Ocean ; the N. pnint ftretc'jies into the b, y of Rcoj^^l ; to t'iic N. E. it is divided fioin the peninf'.iia of Malacca, by the limits of that name ; to the E. by the ftraits of Banca, from tl»e ifland of'that name; to the S. K. by the commencement of what arc called the Chinefe Seas; and on th ; S. by the flraits'of Sun;1a, which fcparate it from the ifland of Jwa. It is about yoo miles in length, but from 100 to 150 only in breadth. No account had b;cn given of this ifland, by any Englill.man, till the year 1778, when iSlr. Charlss Mdler (fon of the late botanical gardener) pubHlhcd an account of the manners of a particular diftrift, in the 63th volume of tlic Pnilo- fophical Tranfattiotin. Thcfc \vcre the Battas, a people who llv.- in the interior pnrts, called the Caliia country. They «litfer from all the other inhabitants in language, manners, and cultoms. They eat the prifoners whom they take in war, and' hRng up their Ikulls as trophies in their houfcs. He (bCerves, howi.vcr, that human fiefli is eatcii by them ;.v tarorem, SUM and nor a^ citmmnn food ; tlvui^h tl.e / prefer ii to all other;;, and Iptak >vith pe- culiar rmtines of the foles of the fcit, am' palms of th'; hands. TLty exprtlTul much furprife that the white people did notj-.ill, much Icfs tat, theit; prifoner,. From this country, tlie grcnelV par: ti the callii that is fent to Europe is pr.- cured. It abounds alfo witli the lampluu trees, which conlHtnte the common tim- ber in ufo ; and in thole trees the cam- phirc is found native, in a concrete fonii. It is remarkable, that in this ftnte it is H\ to the Chinef.-, Rt the price of 2 50!. i r 300I. per cwt. but thele dijxterous artil*. contrive to fi/rnidi the E\iropcans wiia if, at about a rjiiar-er rf that price. In 17S3, Mr. Marlden, who had bcri fecretarv to tlie prefident and ro\iucil ( r Fort M:irlbnrou^h, pub'.iflied a Hillory w, Sumatra, with very copious particulars v. the ill.md. He reprelcnts it as lurpall't i by few in the beautiful indiilgi nces ol nature. A chiin of high mountains rut., through its whole e.vent; the ran;;c-, in many parts beinj; double and treble: their altitude, though great, is not fiifl!- citnt to occa'uin their being covered wit'.i fnow durim,' any part of the year. Be- tween thole ridges are (xtenfive plains, conlidcriioly elevarctl above tlie furf.'ce m' the maritime lands. In thei'e, the air ii cool ; and, from this advant;*ge, they are erteemed the mod eligible portion of t!,; country, arc the bel^ inbubitcd, and th'- m'.ift cleared from woods, vjhich clfe- where, i:-< general, throughout Sumatra, cover both bills and vallics with an tiern il fliade. Here too are found m uiy larjyj and bcau'itV.l lakes. th;it facilit.itc n;uLli the communi.alion between the difTerci,- parts. The heat of the air is far from being fo intenfe as might t-e txi'erttd from a to-.mtry occupvi-ig the middle "t iV.c torrid xone ; and I't is msjre temperate than many regions without the trop'c ; the tlieimomcrcr, at the moil fultrv hour, about two ia the afternoon, gtnerally lI'.Kftu^ting bftwcen 8i and S5 dc|;rec^. Mr. Marfden divides the inhabitants inio Malays, .^chentre, li.'.ttas, Lampoons and ficj.\ngs ; and i.; takes the latter ., his flandard of defcription, with relpedt to the perfons, manners, and cuftoms of tlie inhabitants. They are rather below the middle rtature ; their bulk in proportion ; their limbs, fn- the mod part, flight, but well-fhapcd, and particularly i'mill at the wrifts and ancles ; and, upon the whole, they arc gracefully formed. Their hair is flrong, and of a fiiining black. The men are beardlcfs ; great pains being taken to render thcin lo, \vhen boys, by rubbinjj S U Al Ir rt; c«mrnon food; tlviiigli tl.t,- 1 tn s!l nthtrii, ;iml Ipcik with pc'. lotiiicN of ilic folts <'f the fcit, ami iif th.- haml-i. Tl.cjr ixprtllt,! urjirirt that the white pcnplt iliJ I, nuich k(-, cnt, thc'n; priloncr,, this cimntrv, the gre.iti-lV p;ir: d nil that is fciit to Europe is pr.- It ah'uinds sho with tin- laitipiiiii |\v!iich cnnHitiitc the common tini- iift; ; ami in thcfc trees the cam- is found native, in a concrete form, marknhlc, that in llils (late it is fold Chinef.-, «t the prite of j^ol. (r cr cut. but thcfc d^ xtcrnus anif-. e to fiirnidi the Europeans wiiii abo'it a "tiar-er if that price. S;, Mr. Maridcn, who had befi ii-v ti) tlic prefident and rouiicil ( r fvl irlhur.iu^h, puliliflied a Hiltory (,,' ra, witli very copious particulars li and. }Ic reprclcnts it as lurpalft ': iV in llic beautiful indulginces i,( r. A chain of higli muuiiiaiiis rut., rll its whole extent; the ran;;f., my parts bein.ij double and treble : altitude, though great, is n.it i'lin! ■ to oci a'ioi! their being covered wit!i during any part of the year, lie- I thole ridires are cxtenfive plains, era'oly eltvarcd above tiie furf.>ce oi' laritimc laiu!<. In thefe, the air is and, from thh advantage, they are led the moll eli^^blc pi/rtion of t!,; ry, are the beli inhabited, and the cleared from woods, which cl't- e, y general, throughout Suniatn, both hills and vallies wirh an tter!i;il . Here too ate found ni'.ny large brau'iful lakes, that facilit.itc nuidi 'Ommu;ii.:uion between the dita-rci,; The heat of the air is far from fo intenfe as might t'e c.xrtflcd a country occiipvi'ig the middle ot" orrid zone ; and \\ u more temperate many regions without the trop'c ; '.eimrmiatr, at the nioft Uiliry houi, two la the afternoon, ecnemliy laving hftween Sz and S5 'dei'rec^. Mariden divides the inhabitant's into k's._ Achenefe, Bartas, Lampoon-, Icj.ings ; and 1.0 takes the latter ,, indard of defcriptioh, with rcfpedl to irfons, manners, and cuftoms of t!;e itants. 7'hey are rather l>tlow the e llaturc ; their bulk in proportion ; limbs, for the mod part, (li-ht, bui Ihapcd, and particularly Im-i!! at the and ancles ; and, upon the whole, are gracefully formed. Their hair ing, and of a fhining black. The are beardlefs ; ^reat pains being to render thcin lo, when boys, by rubbin s u u nibbing their chins with a kinil of qi,ick- .'iinc. Their ciinplexioii is properly yel- low, wanting tl.c red tinge thit coniii- tutcs a cipper or tiwny colour. 'I'luy are, in general, hi.lutr than the Melltts, or half breed, of the reft uf India ; tl ol'e cf the fuptrior cl.ifs who .nre not cxpoltd to the rays of the fun, and piiiticui.oly their women of rank, approaching to a degree of f.iirnels. Ifbe.uitv confilUd in this one quality, loinc of them would lur.. p.ifs our brunettes in Euiopi. The ni ijor part of the feni.tles are ugly, m.my of ihcm even to d Igurt j yet among theui .ire fnme wlinfc appearance is flni^ingly beautiful, whatever comp. tiiivgc- thcr, and dance and fing in company. It may be funpofed tli.it the young ladies cannot be long without their paiticular admirers. Tl.e inen, when determined in their regards, generally employ an old \voman as their agent, b^whom they inake known their fentinients. and fend prefenis to the female of their choice. The parents then interfere, and the preii- minarics beinp fettled, a feafl. t;'.kes place. At thefe femvals, a goat, a bufTalo, or "fveral, according to the raak of the par- SUM tits, arc killed to entertain, not only tlis relation!) and invr.ed gtieA>, but all the in« habitants of the ntighb-uiing couutr/ who choul'e to rip.iir to theiii. The j',reattr the conr.iurle, the iiiore it the credit of ihc hoft. who ii> g'nerally, on thele occalions, the father of tiie girl. Tlic cultonu of the Sumatrans permit tl lir having as many wi.es as they c^ui cuinp:i!:i tlic purchaic of, uf afTurd to maiiitain j but it is i.xtrcniel; rare tluc an iiillancc occurs of their 'luving more tiian ion, crowd to the extremity, and chartering and trembling, approach nearer and nearer to the amphibious mon- fterthat waits to devour rliem as they drop, which their fright and number render almoft unavoidable." Thcle alligators like- wife occafion the lofs of many inhabitants, frequently deftroying the people as they bathe in the river, according to their re- gular cuftom, and which the perpetual evidence of the rifk attending it, cannor deter them from. A fuperftltious idea of their fanftity, alfo, prefcrves them from molellation, although, with a hook of fuf. ficient ftrength, they may be taken '/ith- out much difficulty. The other animals of Sumatra are buffoloes, a fmallkind o horfe?, goats, hogs, deer, bullocks, and hog-deer. This laft is an animal fome- what larger than a rabbit, the head re. fcmbling that of a hog, and its (hanks and fret like thofe of tlie deer. The bezoar- ftonc found on this animal has been valu- ed at ten times its weight in gold : it is of a dark brown colour, fmooth on the out- fi Je, and the coat being taken off, it ap- pears ftill darker, with ftrin^ running underneath the coat : it will fwim on the t 'p of the wa'cr. If it be infufed in any liquid, it makes it extremely bitter : the virtues ufually attributed to this ftone are cleanllng the ftomath,creating an appetite, and I'wcetening the blood. Of birds they have a greater variety than of hearts. The coo-ow, or Sumatran pheafant, is a bird of uncommon beauty. They have ion, crowd to the extremitv, Kirtcring and trembling, approach and nearer to the amphibious mon- It waits to devour them as they drop, their fright and number render unavoidable." Thcfe alligators like- :carion the lofs of many inhabitants, ntly deftroying the people as they n the rii er, according to their rc- cuftom, and which ihe perpetual cc of the ri(k attending it, cannot ;hem from. A fuperaitious idea of aiiftity, alfo, prefcrves them from 3tion, although, with a hook of fuf. llrength, they may be taken -/itli- uch difficulty. The other animals natra are biiftbloes, a fmall kind o goats, hrigs, deer, bullocks, and cr. This laft is an animal fomt- arger than a rabbit, the head re- ig that of a hog, and its ftianks and e thofe of the deer. The bezoar- )und on this animal has been vahi- ;n times its weight in gold : it is of brown cojnur, fmooth on the our- id the coat being taken off, it ap- till darker, with ftrin^^ rui-ninj eath the coat : it will Iwim on the :he wa'cr. If it be infufed in any it makes it extremely bitter : the ufuaily attributed to this ftone are g the ftomath, creating an appetite, :( tening the blood. Of birds they greater variety than of beafts. 3-ow, or ouinatran pheafant, is a tinccmmon beauty. They have of prodigious fi7,e, parrots, dung- Is, ducks, the largtft cocks in the woodpigcons, doves, and a great variety SUN r.iciy of fmall birds dilTercnt from (.ri, and diftinguifhtd by the beauty of iMir Colours. 0\ tluir rtptiUs, they I ,ve lijards, flying lizsrds, and camtlioni. The illand fwarms with infefts, and their I littles are no leu cxtr equal to the principality of Wales. " It is fo com- pletely enveloped in woods, and infefted with tigers," fays major Rennell, " tlut if any attempts have ever been made to clear it (as is rtjiorted) they have hitheno niilcarricd." Here fait, in cjuanticics equal to the whole confumption of Ben- gal and its dependencies, is made and tranf- ported with equal facility ; and here alfo i* found an inexhauftiblc ftore of timber for bo:it building. The breadth of the lower part of this Delta is upward of iSc miles, 10 which if we add tliat of the twa branches of the river that bound it, wf fliall have about too miles for the diftance to which the Ganges expands it« branches, at its junftion with the lea, SuNDERBUHG, a tow II of DcniTiark. in t^e ilhnd of Alfen, with a caftl«. It is ieatt'd on a llrait, called Sundcibujrg- Saund, \t miles E. of Fkndiburg. Loiy . 10, c. E; lat. 54. 51. N. - SvjTDEKDoo, or Melun'dy, a 4bru^, > fied iUand and lesport of the Deccan i iu.anp, a fcip'Tt of the l)i- fliopric of Durliam. It it ;i l.)i>,c and thnvinj; lovn, wiiich. for tlie cxj)nrt.iiinn of co.lI, ii nuxt in coiifciucncc, on tint fide of the kiiu;i:ral i<.- . ami nuny l^rt- of Gent io», Mr. Niili i i fays, that the M.ihointtnrn at Sural i . ivit, hv far, f I Ihii't .is ilicy .irc in Arj! . or in other Turkiih coim rii*. nor arc t,. dirtintUoni of tribr\ .Tmoni; the Ilnul. > wlio rtfidi- here I'triitly obltrved. •' 'ihrr llindiins," hi continucii, " .ire ,i fct of i;;. It vv. Uh liincc can Ktt out t.> lea muc!\ iii re dulhiou:. f bcr people, and of 4 moll I readily than tidm the Tync. The cj,,' ■" • ■• '^' a broii-ht down the Wire from nume- rous pits lu.ir its b.itik':. Here arc Icve. ral fJ-iahoulVs ; and there i> an txpon.i tion of griiiilftones and other anitltr.. is M I'"!'" ^'* ^^ ''f Durliani, and N. by W. of London. Lon. 1. 14. lat. 54. ^f'. N. SiNDi, aprovnicc of Atricn, in W' n- go, which [its alonj', tlic river Ztire. Iii rivers render it extreiiv.ly fertile, ar.d in the inoiuitains are mines of fever il met.-ili. The capital \k of the lame name. Lon. 17. c-^. E. lit. 4. 50. S. _ ^ Sus'N:;nu!io, .i fl urifliing town of Germany, in the circle of Upper S.ixony, in ihe mirelie of Bran.leiibiirt;, and terri- Tory of Sternbur^', with a very luperb cafile. It h feated on the river Darta, :;o miles E. of Berlin. Lon. 13. 54. E. lat. ^:.4t.N. , », . " St'i'r.uion, a lake of N. Amcrira, fo called from its magnitude, ii beinj^ the largeft on the continent. I: mav lit jiiftly termed the Calpi.'.n of America, and is fuppofed to be the largcft body of frefli waier on the globe. According to the French charts it is 1500 milts in circum. fcrence. There are many iflands in this lake : two of them are very larjfc, iTpeci- ally Ifle Royale, which is not lels than 100 miles long, and, in many places 4° broad. The Indians i'uppofe ihefe iflands to be the refidcnre of the Great Spirit. Upward of 30 rivers enter this lake, fome of which are of confuleiable fize. Ii priluig hoiieltv. The Hindoo women .if- fifl tlieir hiilhandb ill tarain^; their bn; .', and keep tliemlclvts In clean, th;it the Ku- ropcan women, who come to India, .u;' oiiliijid to follow thiir example, or nm t'.ie rift of lofini; their huiljands' alTtc ti ini. U'lien .1 child is born, a Branvn 1 to declare, by allrological rtiles, whit!. the thilJ is come into the world in a lu' I v hour or not. This done, he hangs a tin 1 Itrin^ over the C.oulder of a boy, v 1,": wears this diilinftlve inaik of his nation all his lifctimi. If a biiiian, or comnt"n Hindoo, inienils to give liis iluld in ni.n- rage, which ii done when the child i; iibjiit fi.x or eight vears old, a Braniln o likewife to fix the times when the fatht, is to a(k for the bri(l(T, and when the vvul- ding is to be cekbratrd. In the mi iii whiL-, the children remain in the hoult" of their prtr.ius till they arrive at the :,, '^ of niuurity. Ttie Bramins order ai.ii anntnince aifo the holy days. Every h.'.- nian is obliges), every morning, after walli- inj; and batliing lumfelf, to have a kind ' t feal iinprcflTeil on his forehead, by j Jjr.iiiiin ; thoujjh this is the office of infe- rior BraiiMiis only. 1 faw, one morniiif , a i^re.it number of rhcm fit on the river fide, under the caftle, where a number ot girls and women reforted to h.^the, and to fay their morning; prayers. Every one f them ijive the clean clothes, which they intended to wear for that day, to ore of ilitle priefts, and then went into tit river. Thev afterward exchange their abounds with trout and fturgcon ; the for- w'ct clothes f.r the dry one.s, publicly on mtr wci.Kliing from iz to 50 pounds, faore, but with fiich a dexterity, that the Storms affeft this lake as much as they moll curious obfervcr could lee nothing.; do the Atlantic Ocean. It difcharges its iuconfiftcnt with decency. The Bramin, waters from the S. E. corner, throap,!i afterward, dipped his thumb into fome the ftraits of St. Marie, into lake Hu- red colour, and impreffed it on the fore- jp„, l-eud of the women, who reciprocally SuPiNO, an ancient town of the kinv- marked the prieft again, though flightly, iom of Naples, with a caJllo. It is feated left his face IhouM be daubed ail over, Iv »t the fourcc of the river T.imara, at the the great nuniw^r cf markers. Laftly, foot of the Appennine mountains, 17 miles the perfon that is figncd, and in this man- N. by W. of Bencvcnto. ner coofccratcd for the day, keeps the SuRAT, a feapurt of tie Deccan of colour-box in one hand, lays a (hort prayer, Hiuduoftan. It is faid to have 100,000 gives the Bramih one or two handfuls ot S U R v.^nif. In tr»Hc U now very c • l>lc i and III thii city arc at rii :, Itnt relii;iwmits m yXmllrrdam ; f I iirc Malvjiiiitiini rf (e\i:ral (i.> uny Cnif. (if Gent .o,. Mr. Niib : ,' tliat the M.thornctun* at Siirai r. V dr, C, ihii't as tlicv .irc in Ara'" , ixhcf Turkillicouii rii», nor mc t,. i'ioni of tribrs arnnn|; ilic Uimli [rtfiJi- here Itiiirly oblirved. " 'J'luv >ns," hi continuti. " .ire a fct of in. "U. ( bcr p«'[>lc, H1<[ nf 4 |T1<,11 li;,. ig lioiieftv. Tiic IlnuW wnnieii ^f- 'itir hiilfiindi in tar.iin^; ihtir Ijn: V, Ucp tl;<.inl<.lvcs Id ckio, that tlic l';i:.' n women, who cuiiic to India, ..i; 1. 1 to f.l!.,w tlitir example, or nm iiflc of lofini; their hiilljandi' alT'ic . U'litn a child is. born, a lirairiMi i :clai-c, by aftrolDj^ical rules, wlut: fhilJ \i come into the wirld in a hi< 1 * or not. Thib d..nc, he lianjjs a tl,. ; ft' over the O.ouldtr ot a boy, v!,-, •s this diUini^tive mark of liisnaii. n h lifetime. If a biiiidn, or coinni' n :loo, intends to ^ive lili diiid in m.ir. :, wiiich ii dine when the child i: It fi\ or_ eight vtari old, a Hramin .; ivife to fix the times when the faiU. alk for tlic l)ri(l(?, and uiicn the \\\ ,|. is to be ctkbr.itfd. In the nu .;i V. the cliildien remain in the houli' ht-ir parius rill they arrive at the :.,\z niiturity. The Bramins order ai..l iiince alio the holy davs. Every lu- i i' obligtvl, every morning,after walli- and batliing Imnfclf, to have a kind c t' iinprcnffd on Ins forehead, by ,: min i fh •u>;h liiis is the office of in/c- JJramins only, I faw, one murnii.^, tat niii'iber of 'hem fit on the riser under the caftle, where a namber ot and women reforted to bsilie, and m :h..ir morning prayers. Every one f 1 j;-ive the clean clothes, which tlay fldtd to wear for that day, to ore licle^priefts, and then went into tl i: r. They afterward exchange their clothes f ,r the dry ones, publicly ihc< rn tlic oMur lund, rcturr-i h >tiie."— Dcf dc the M.ihi'iiiitini and liinfi rDsiliti'c are Jew>, iiiid Chriiti.tn. ol virlnii!. dtnuininatloni, at 8urat. Tiie I'urro'indin;; cnuntiy it fertlk, except toward the lin, wl.iih ij l.indy ..nd b.inen. refott ihc Knulifli Rait India (^itivjyAny >'>d a f ii'fory efl. einiinued. i he Clreut M. i;'il h-J tl.tn an officer ii re, who w.H lljliil Ills admiral, and re- ceived a revenue filled the tank*, rjfthc unnuil value nf three hli■k^ uf lupei.":, aiiiiiij; from the mils of adjictnt Uiidii, rind ihe taxes kvicl at Surit. The ty- ranny nf thii cfltctr toward the mer- fhanis, inductd the E. Iruli i C'>m[)iny, in i7V)t '" ht out an armainiiU, whieli ditpi.litfied the ;Mhniral of ih-: f ilHe ; anet, 1'.;. n after, the polfilli n of this c ilUc wai conlirnied to iliem 4)y the court iif Deiiii. Thfv obr.iinid, mcreoxer, the iippouitment to the port of admiral, and were ronniti!'..d ricavcrs of the trinkj, by •.vhich their aii'B>rity in this pi k e became riipr'.Mie. S'.irar is llfiated on ihe- confines of liiizerat, about so miles t'p the rivir Taptv, and 177 N. of Bonibr.y. Lun. 72. 43. E'. lit. 21. 10. N. SiMiiNAM, a country rf S. America, in Guiana, It extends about 7s milts aioni; the river of Suriiin.ir, and abounds in fniiis, (ilh, fime, and fmgiilar animals of ditierent kinds. They I'.ave I'ugar, cot- ton, lobacci), gun 5, and wood for dyin^. The woods are full er3 to parliament. It Is a hcnlthy nieafaut county, on which accoun' Tiany c? fhe nobility and j^entry \u\< . ifi'.i s u s ^ licrr 1 an! the value of t (lues in it !•.« advanced, of late ye in, btyonil any otlur p»rt cf Enrl.ir.d. The foil Is very dii'- ferciit in the txticnic pirn frt 111 tint in the iiiidill.-, whence it lius been coiiiuar- td to ac/arlt cloih with a fine Uirder : frr the edge ine pluii aic long ridgea of hilk, with warrciis of rabbits and par'ki for deer. However, we ineit litre and there wiih Come dilii;htfiil fp it< inter- fperftd in the middle of Surry, and it is not to be dtuibted th.it a great deal of the walle ^r.nihd might, by proper ma. nngtmtnt, be gteatly iinprtwtd. This c iiunty pn^ducts i;i,rn, box-uood, walnuts, hops, and fuliers-carili ; and nearDarking grows ,1 will black cherry, of which :« very pit ifaiit wine is made, I'ttle inferiur t" Frtnih CI ;ret. n--lide the produdts in common with ilir nei.;lib luring couniies, Surry is noiid r.,r the Cmtlt 'hops nt,.r Farnham, nlparagus at Batten a, and a. larg': breed i-t iouii at Dirking. The prineip-il rivers iiefule the Thames ('vhicli Is the lidiindary of this counry on the i' ) are the M, le', \\\). and Wnndlc. Th; Lent alli/es arc held at lCin!;fton, and me- fummcr alh/ts at Guilford ...1 Cioydou ahtrnattlv. SL'K/rK, a handf'nie town of SwifTor- land, in the c.uiton 'f Lucern, I'cated near the lake of Seiripach, li\e iiiiki S. of Liicetn. Sl's, a province of Africa, belonging to Morocco ; bounded on the \V. by the ocean ; on the T^. by M.>unt Alias; on the E. by Gcluh ; and Icarcclv to he perceived; for the winter continues nine iiKjnths, and the luininer chiriug th« rc- mainin;4 three. In wuuer, the cok! is ex- celiive, and in i'luumcr the heat is nhiif'll inrupporta'do, tl.c aiv being (erene a'l thu time. Ni.iwithltanding tliis, the Swedes live to a great age. Tnofe places t.-.ar are lit for cidiivation have fcaice a foot of good earth, for below it is all gravel; for v-hich reafon they till I'le ground with a fingle ox, ai'd one (crvant may readily ma- iia;"\e the pi/Jgh. All their rorks are (]uite covered with do^\ers in the funimer time, and ihcir gariJcns have plenty of fruits. Tiie trees are early in hlffTorping, bec;;ufe li;e loil is fat and rulpbureoiis, which ciintriinites greatly to the vrgetation of plants; but tiie apples, pears, cher- ries, apricots, melons, and grapes, have not ib_^oi)d a talfe- as tn the more li)uthertj countries. 'I'heir doinel'ic animals are horles, cows, hc-g";, goats, and llieep. In winter, fodder is (b fcarce, that the inha- bitants are obliged to ui'.tliaich liitir houl'es to feed their ctt'e. Tiie wild beads are bears, wolves, foxes, wild cats, and fquir- rels. In winter, the foxes and fiiiiirrels become grey, and the hares as white as fnow. Tiierc are afo elks and raindeer. They have feverat forts of fowls, and par- tridges, wo.idcacks, and falcons, in great plenty. They have rich fil'.'er, copper, and iron mines. They export- ^boards, gunpowder, leather, iron, copper, tallow, (kins, pitcl'., refin, and mafts;. and im- port fair, brandv. wine, linen cloth, tiuff?, tobacco, fugar, Ipice, an-.l paper. iTi»e -in* habitants are of a robuft ccni'tiiudon, and able to fultain the hardeft laiiour. They are much more poliihed tlian what they were ; and have leveral public fchools and colleges, v,-here arts an'l fiwenres arff taught. Their luule:. are generally, of wood, with very link- art in their corfltrtlc- tion. The roi fs, hi many places, are covered with tiivf, on which their gnats often feed. There is no country in the" woild where the women do (o much work ; for they till the- ground, thrafli the corn, *ik1 row the boats en :1k; fea- Tt . TUe s 111 « «;-^_„kiaCE--»K- ,-# S W I The form of the Swcdifh g"^r"'"'"Vl'nn fremently varied. Before the accefhon fhyBhe\.nion of Calmer, in > 397; U Ls f .pulatfd That the fame mona ch Ihould ru e ov;r Denmark, Sweden and Nor va tob. chol.n by {he d;put>esfrom the fta.cl ..f thole tt>rc. k,ngdon>s afiem- blcd at Calmar. By this reguU.on ho v ever, Sweden became, in faft, a mere tributary kingdom to the fove reigns of DeS From this fta.e of fubjeftion to r^nical foreign yoke, it was ref. cued by GuflavusVafa, on ^vhom the p" fcful^ Swedes conferred the fov.reign- fy at the fame time d.eWing the crow^ h^ereditary in his male iffue. He wa, en- trufted xvith great P^rog^ives; and hele "ere aujjmenttd, in tlie lequel, by Gufta- ^us Adl'phus the_ right of ^uc-J^- ^ung extended, at the lame t,me to the fen ^^ line. In the minority of his dauglutr Chriftina. the regal powers were greatlv SJcumf'ribed. and the nobles acquired fueh T, ttrbi.ant authority, as gave great [uiagc to the three other-orders of the e IrgvNitizens, and peafants. This prov- ed a favourable oppo, tun.ty for Charles XI. to obtain from tbeflates a formal cci^n of ahlolute fovereignty, ^hieh qmetly devrlvcd upon his Ion Charles XII. Upon the de" h of the latter, the Swedes eon- ferred 1 e crown upon Ulrica Eleanora, tiyoungeft fitter, lUr.lating. at the fame time, great limits to tV.c prerogative. V 1- ri« r^efignod the crown to her conlot Frederic I. From this peind, the Swed- ifl monarch was the mort hmued one in E,r";e;being, infaa,thcmereto. whichever of the two great f.it\i..ns that diwd'd the kingdom happened to be tri- umnhant. But, in ,77^, the U. kmg or Sweden cffefted a revolution, by %vh.eh he reTainui the moft effential royal preroga- E without, however, bcmg =>" ^J " '"e monarch. This prince was afTairinated rX- 16th of March .701 ;l'.v.ngo"g «ough, however, to appomt his bro her the duke of Sudermama, regent of he kinedom, during the -minority of his ion Guftavus Adolpfuis. The eftahhihed re- Si" the Lutheran, and they wiU not tolerate any other in the kingdom. They iareoneUbifliop andlevxnbilhop^^ belidc fix lupcrmtendanjs. The capital "|wtl"N"\<.atownofTurkeyinEu- xoD. fea.ed on the river Dnno, on the IS-ncs o;- Servia and B" in the country of the Grifons, ar.d s Mount St. Bernard, leading to the \_of Aoufta, which belongs to Pied- i' the third ^egins in the country le Grifons, croifcs Mount Simplc- and leads to the dutchy of Milan; lurth crofTes Mount St. Gothard, and ailiwicks of Italy, and terminates e Milanefc. The principal lakes are of Conftance, Geneva, Luccrn, Zu- and Neuchattl. The mod confider- ivers are the Rhine, the Rhone, tht the Arve, the Reufs, and the Inn. principal riches of SwilTerland confift :ellent paftiircs in which they breed atten their cattle. A» they leave out cattle nii;ht and day on the moun- onc would think they would be tic- id by the wild bcafts, and yet it is othcrwilc; for when the beeves per- a be . or a wolf, at a diftancc, the\r theniulvcs into a circle, and are ' to receive thr enemy with tiicir i. As for the goats, and chamois. feed in flocks on the mountains, and e woods, and thev place centinels on all C3 I K " ' all fides ; and when any dangerous animal draws near, a fignal is t>iven, and tliey ajl get into a place of refuge, where the ra- vage be arts dare not come. The inhabi- tants are all ftrong rnbuft men, for wliic-ii realbn they arc i^tneraily cholen by ff, e- ral nations for the military Icrvir-. j nnd even the pope has his Swifs giprJs. The .vomen are tolerably handfoint. Iiavc manv good qualities, and are in i;t!ieral very in- duftrious. The peabius reliin tlnir eld manner of drcfs, and are tcnttpt to live upon milk, butter, and chccfe ; and there are fome of the mountaineers who never have any bread. See the ciu.t'.'ns under their relpetlive nime?, and tJi.AcrFRs; and for the origin of the name of SwiiRr- land fee Schweitz. ■^ Sydknham, a village of Kent, fi- tuatcd on tht declivity of a line hill, e'yht miles S. by E. of London. It is noted for its medicinnl wells. * Sydney Bav, a bay on the S. fide of Norfolk Ifland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, formed by Point Hunter and Point Rofs, which are ij miles afunder. On this bay is formed a ftitlement of convidts, depen- dent, at preCcnt, on that iii New S. Wales. Lon. 168. iz. E. lit. z(). 4. S. * Sydney Cove, the town or fettle- ment of convifils, begun to be erei'.ted at Port Jackfon, on the coaft of New S. Wales, in February 17S8. The ground about it was then covered by a thick fo- re ft ; but, in March 1790, fome good buildings had been ereded. Tlie go- vernor, lieutenant-governor, judge-advo- cate, and greateft part of the civil and military officers, were comfortably lodged. The governor's houfe is built of ftone, and has a very good appearance, being 70 feet in front. The lieutenant - governor's houfe is of brick, as arealfo thofe belong- ing to the judge and the eomniilTary. The reft of the houfes are built with logs and plaftercd, and zll the roofs ;irc either covered by fhingles, or thatched. The hofpital IS a good temporary building. The foldiers were in barracks, and the of- ficers had comfortable huts, with gardens adjoining to them. Thefe, howe\er, af- forded but little ; there not bcim; inorc than two feet of foil over a bed of rock, and this foil little better than a black land. Lon. 151. 28. £. lat. 33. ;o. S. Sy.xacuse, an ancient, ftrong, and fa- mous city of Sicily, in the V'il-di-Notn, with a bitliop's fee, and a line lari^e li.ir- bour, defended by a fortified ciiftle^ This city was ainioft ruined bv an earthquake in !6f)3. Near this place, in i7ii;', there was a feafiftht between the Spaniards and tbngliih, in which the former were beaten, '1- A U and obliged to leave Sieily; but they be- came mailers of it again in i;^^. It is very adv,)ntagcou(lv I'eated near the fca, 7z miles S. l)y VV. of Meiilna, and 1 10 S. E. ct Palermo. Lon. 15. 30. E. Int. 37. ■;. N. SvRiA, or Si'RtsTAv, a province of Tuii.ey ill Alia, h'Uinded on t!ie N. by D;ai!>trk ;:r.d Natolia; on the E. by Di- arbcck and ihe defetts of Arabia; uhir.h all,), together wiih Jiidea, bound it on the S. and on the W. by the Meditcrninean. It aboundi in oil, com, and feveral forts of fruits, as well as peas, b>ans, and ail kind:-, of pulle ,i>ul j'Hrden-ftutf; but it \vo;ild pr. diice iTiiich more tiian it dots, if it v.ere well cultivated; fir there are tlic fined plains and paftures in the world. The inhabitants h.ivc a trade in illk, cam- let:., an.l f.ilt. Damafcas, by the Turk* called S'-hain, is the capit:il. Sykian, a large town of .Mia, in Pe- gu, fe.iu.,1 near the bay of Beng..!, on a river of il,e (".imc name, which is one of the extreme branches of the Ava. Lon. 96. 40. E. lat. 16. 50. N. S/.L'CCA, a town of W.Ofrn Prullia, in the palatinate of Culm, le.tted on the Viliula. Lon. ly. m. E. lat. 53. 14. N. T. •'' 'T'AAFE, a very rapid river of Gla- i. morgaiUhire, in S. Wales, which enters the fea at Cardift'. Upon tliis river, not far from Carphilly, is a ftone bridge, called P ARCA, an iO .nd of Africa, on the cnalt of B.irbavv, bclini^iod; to ll'.t Guio- el'c, who nih for cnnil licrc. It i> -•^ n.ilcsW.nf Tunis. Lon. •). i^>. t lit. ^ T UiAsco, an inand of N. .•'\ ir.crica, in Kcvv Spain, .ma in tl.c i^-n^^''"™'^"'^ .'■'f Tiibafco. It is formed hy ^i nvor ot the fame n,iint, nnd Uy th.'.t ot Sv. . .;ter .i,,ii St. I'aul. b'.inu about 30 I'.iuf, in kn.^in. and ,0 inbrea^dih. It is lu.r the buy ot C;impr«hv, 10 miles from tn^; lea, and 160 S. W.'of Cainpcachy. T AiiASCO, a province nr tv'vcrnmcnt of N. America, in New Sp-i>ii, Ijoundcd on the N. 1>V the bay of Cunpcachy ; on the E. Iw Yucatan -, on the S. In' the nro- viiice of Cliiapa and on the W. by that of Guaxaca. It is about 100 nv.'.cs in leninh, and as much in brcadih, ami 1^ x.Tv fertile in cocoa-nuts, m ^vhlcll its chief riches cnnhlh The air is extremely nioift, and there arc (liowers every (ujy for nine nioi'.ihs in the year. T\iii.i;-M"i-'NrAiN, A mountain ot Africa, the mr.ft wcftern pvr.uiontory in that part of the world. It 's near lUe Cape of Good Hope. The bay at the foot of it i;i called the Table-Bay. _ _ T.\i,oR, a town of B.hcmi*, in the circle of 15-chin, « here the IIuHires were fortifieci. and Z'.l'ca their chief. It is .^^ miles S. )f Prague, Lon. I4' .5''' '"- '■''• 4y. 23. N. . L- n r \ TabkistAN, a province ot i'^rha. ly- hu'on the foutbern (hi'.re of the Calpian St^a, bounded bv Aftrabad on the L. and Ghilan on the W. _ ,,- •, Taiu.-astir, a town .:i the \\ . rK - introf Yorkihire.witha marktlon 1 hurl- day. It is noted for the great plenty ot limeftone dug tip near it; and thcrcis a laroe ftone brid-e over the river \V nart. TcTs nine miles S. W. of York, and 1^8 N. bv W.of London. Lon. 1. 12. W. lat. 53. ii.N. TaUMOR. StePM.MYKA. T-\F\LA, or Taialla, a town ot Spain, in Navarre, with a eaftlc ; kaied oil the river Cida/.zo, in a cuinrv pro- ducing a,o.-d wine, I S miles S. or 1 .mvc- luna. Lon. i. 5'-- W. lat. 42. lo- .^i- . T.MILIT, a kingdom of Aaica, in Earbary, io the dominions of the emperor of Morocco; bounded on tho N. by the kin-don E of Fez ar.d Tremclcn ; on the K bv the B..riberics ; on the b. bv the aefcrt of Bubarv ; and on the W. by the kinedoms of Ft/., Morocco, and Siii. 1: i, divided into three provinces, Dras, barn, and Tuet. It is a mountainous iandv country, but produce a little wheat and LarU-v 'by the fidts of tht avers. 1 he in- — 1 A 1 habif>nts live upon camels' ficfh and dates and they breed h.^rUs to fell to foitu;nLi;.. They have alio oftriches and dromedHrus, winch lill will travel loo miles in a day. Tl;c Arr.bs live in tents, and ilie «':riue. rics, the ancient ioha'i.itani.. d-.ell in vil ■ l..res. Tai.let is the capital, winch is a tritdiiig place, witii a ca'tle, and leatcd -m a river 340 miles S. of I'c/., and 275 .<• K. „f ]Mj:occo, Lon. 5. 45- '^- '*'' '-• 2. N. r »/■ • • T\':ast, a large town of Africa, m the king.iom of M-M-occo. A -^rnl niai.y Jews live here, wh > carry on a c(,nlider- able trade. It is feaitd lu a tcrtile J-I..111, 50 miles from the lea, and 37 S. of Ta- rdant. Lon. 8. t. W. lat. 29. 23. N. TACAii-A, a town ot Africa, in the •rsin-dom of Ai-iers and province "i Coii- flaiitina. It -vas f.-rmerly a conhderable place, but is now reduced to a v.i!.;i;e. It li fam)us for being the birthplace of St. Auu,u(line. . ... TAiiii, a large town of Alia, in Arabia Felix, on the road from Mecca to the court of the kinj^ of Yemen, with a calik, on a mour' '.in "that commands the town. Lon. 42. s- i'"-l''t- ^'- '■'°-^- c ^t■ ■ T.\c,\ ^A\ny.nv, a town ot Atnca, m the dominions of Tylnrocco, and m the K'uwd,iU lower i' falls into the Ailantic Ocean. This ri- ver was formerly famous for us golden T vjoii, a town of Chini, in the pro- vince of Kvantzfi. where there are raag- nihcent temples, and two very high tow- ers. Lon, 1 14- 4'- ^- '''f' -"• 38- N. Tmn, ahorou:'h and leaport of Scot- land, in Rofsihire,' fcatcd on the frith of Dornoch, 12 miles N. of Cromarty. It U remarkable for a large Iquare tower, adcrncd wita live fpirss, and tor a colle- giate ~ 1 A 1 live upon camels' ficfh nn(\ (Vuc, DrtciUvirtt s to I'tll to fciiciv;in.i5. c iiifo oltiichts and droinetlHrus, ll will travtl 100 milcr, in a ilay. bs live in tents, anrl ihe U-ribc- i.iiciLiU inlwi'itmiis, ll". ell_ ui vil ■ 'm.lLt is the c.\pifal, wlilch is a )l;ii;c, witii ;i ca^ilc, and leatcd -dll.irc, with a market on Ti!e:df,y ; feauil on a rivulet of the fame name. Here is a famoin freelchool and a fivall liolpifai. It is 11. miks E. of Oxf.rd, and 4; VV. by N. of London. Lull. o. 55. V\'. iat. 51. 4'^. N. Tamk, an inconfiderahle rivulet cf O'.fordlliiri., which fiows intothe Thames above VVbi;ingf.>id, and lias been common- ly, but errimeoufly. fiipp ded to give iianu' to the Thames. See T)l AMI s. Taminc/i. a town of Cliinn, in the province of Pckin; leated in a plcafant coiiniry abouniling in rivets and hikes. Lon. i'i4. 3:;. K. Lit. 3^1. 3fi. N. TAMMiM'.KniiK, a town of Germany, in Thurinsria, built by king Pi-pin, the father of C'l ■-;kii;:igne. li iiekaij-s to the elci'tor of Sa-\(.ny, and is ni-ar the river Uiiltruth. Tamworiii, a bonugh of StafFord- iliire, with a market on S.uurday. It is leated on the river Tame, eight mih s b. E. of Lichfi'ld, and 1 14 >•'• ^^'. '>{ I-""- den. Lon. i. 3S. VV. lat. 52. 4'i- ^': Tanasskkim, a town of Alia, in the kingdom of biam, capit.il of a province of the fame name, 220 milts S. VV. ol Siam. L.m. yS. o. E. lat. 1 1. to. N. '^ TaNhof, a government of Rullla, formerly a part of the government of Vo- ronet?.. Its capital, of the fanie name, is leatod on the river Znu, .vliich falli into the Mokcha. Tancos, a town of Portugal, in El- tramadiira, fe.ited on the Tajo, where the Ziiara falls into it, 60 miles N. E. of Lifbon. Lon. 8. yj. VV. lat. 39. 26. N. Tas'Ckowai.i., a town of Africa, in Negrol.md, fc.itcd on the river Gambia, where the F'.nglilh have a fort. It is di- vided into two'partv, one of which is in- habited by Portugude, and the other by Mundingoes. The former confilh of large Hiuare houf'es, aijd the latter of round huts about n feet diameier, ?.rA eight high ; the walls of good binding clay, and the roof like a bee-hive, m..dc eitiicr with draw or paiinetto kaves. It is aoout 30 niil'.s E. of James Fort. Tand A, or T.'.n u ah, a town of Hm- dooftan Proper, in Bengal, of which lou- bnh it was liie capital in the lail century. There is little remaining of this place but the rampart; and the peri 'd when it wa* dtferted' is not certainly known. It is leated on the eaft fule of the river Gargc-, Ttj no 1 TAN ,to miles M.W. of Dacca ^■^:^^iX ifland of Afia. one of the mo« eal\erly of the I'luhppmcs. It •epamed from Manilla by a narrow ftra, ; and i .^5 -^i'« *" length,; and -com h ead'h On the 14. coaft >s a volcano. Srihrows out f.re an^l flames. . Lon. "S-TlJ^ATAPOojtn^^ftheFncndly ful.nre of the fovcrcign and tht. chiets. in the crcle of Upper Saxony and old nl-ce but iv.niilous and lome or ii^c te,rs hav^c L.H^ th.ir court ,n an o d ai . li,i-,. It h f-atcd on trie rwei S N-VV. of Brandenburg, »..'.bN. * ^ T A R Lon 37. s6. 1''?^ ^«=^' o^'"H^''"5 ^':''' r. ;3i which E. of Madiicbui'i Lon. 13- 1°- ^- '''' ^Va^^'ifR, arcap^'"°f Africa,inthe IAN '1'^^''' ' 1^^,, irom the Moors by the Tortugucle, !" ■'"j;'*. "Wen as a dower u, the pn mds Cat. a ?ne"f r-rtu.al. who nvarn.-d Charl.. U.. xv"an.os it on three fides. It was deftroy. cd by the Covenanters in 1639. Taoo, the moll fouthern ot the Friend- ly 1 (lands, in the S. Pacific 0«an. t ,0 about 10 leagues in circuit, and of a heigiu fufficicnt to be fecn 11 leagues. It haJ good anchorage on the N.W. fide; and tlu.u<'h the water is fcarce and brackifii near%he ftorc, feveral fprings are found inland, and a fmall ftream of good water which reaches the fca when the fpring'. are copious. The S. E. fide riles wit. ureat incqaalities immediately from th.^ Tea ■ fo that the plains and meadows, or which there are fome of great extent, lie all on the N. W. fide ; and being adorned with tufts of trees, intcrmixad with plan- tations, and inte-<-eacd by paths leading to eve-y part of the ifle, they form a beauti- fulandlcape. . , Taormin-a, a feapovt of Sicily, m th« Val di Dcnioiia, leuted on a rock, S8 miles S. of MefTina. , . , TAPior, aviliasre of Buckingham- (hire, feattd on a hUl, on the hanks of the Thames, and dinin;:;uilhcd by its majeftic ,. 1 . -.ii..^. ('.■IK. !innpnrance. ana ^::":/r,;t;;a,, who nw,-.d Char .0 ^---';:;;-:^- appearance,' an ^-S.'^f ^"^'^!:i^^l™ "nirrc- handa.me villas. ^ It is abo.u one n, kinii of England; but he clui not u n . . r^j^e villas. It is about one nii ^:,^hthee.pcn. kce^m^.nAt;.rc- Wi^^.^^,,,,, ,„, ,, w. by N. ol ''^^•'" ''''-- ■—■'^- '^ ^':^:;:^v.anveroftheDecca„ofHin. dooftan, which rifes at Makoy, «4 nu « to ibe N. W. of Nagpour, and falls im^ the gulf of Canibay, about iO miles l=- is tindv feared MO miles N.ot Fez. Lon. 5-^^:jl"l^;i:ii-.'rthepeninfi,la del It is an appcne, ... the court "? Corornandel It is Tented on the river Cauvery, 205 mil's S. by W. of Madras. Lon. 79- -• ^' 't, VKTA, orT.NKTA-L.NG, a town a„dforii-ef.ofAr.a in Thibet f.Uiaud^t the foot of Mount Langur, Z7|, i"'l" "^ • ^^^;?v s'^a" confiderable ifland in the S Pacific Ocea«, and one of the Isew Jf.U^rfes. The inhabitants arc brave and hofpirable. Their arms are bows and Taranto, a feaportof the kingdor-i of Naples. It is a ftrong and populous place, with an archbili.ops lee, is fea.td S^peninfula, and is defended oy a ftrong cafrle The h^dibour is choked up, whicl. has hurt It very much. This town ha. given name to the fpiders called tarant.,^ las, whole bite is not to be cured but by dancing. It is 5° miles S. E. of Bar. r- N. W. of Otranto, and no k.. by »• of Naples. Lon. .7. i9- E. lat. 40. 35- N TinAGALLA, atown of Afr,c>. one h n h b o n r f c r ; ^?;;b[;. Their arms are bows ^ of a,;; inapaf m the kingdom of Tafile. -"-^ «^^^:.^!-:^.:"^ r:hei;;i ^ Sthd^i ^ror&^^r'i^. very fertile. Lon. .69. 4&. • lat- .9- nTASORE, afeportofthePeninfiila cfHmdoofian. onthccoartofMauD.i. * Takta(.i.an, a rumous caftle of Had ^neton (hire, in Scotland, _ tu'o miles 1. of North Berwick. It is Icatcd cna : 7 ■ „^,- 6. 3. W.'lat. 27.40-N. . TARA1.E. a town of France, m tK department of Rhone and Loire and ate province of Lyonois, feated on the r, . Tordive, at the foot of a mountain of the fame name, Lon,. 4- 43- E- ^^'* ^■ 5-' ^" Taka ^ TAR ,ck, ovcrlor,king the 'ja, wWch it on three fides. It was deftroy. le Covenanters in 1639. lO, the moft fomhern of the Friend- Ills, in the S. Pacific Ocean. It 15 leagues in circuit, and of a heiglu nt to be fcen ii leagues. It ha' nchorngecn the N. W. fide ; and, , the water is fcarce and brackilli he ih'Tc, feveral fprings are found , and a fmall ftream of good water, ■ reaches the fca when the fpring'. ,pious. The S. E. CnU riles w.m ineqaalities immediately from the fo that the plains and meadows, ot , there are fome of great extent, he , the N. W. fide ; and being adorned tufts of trees, intcrmix«d with plan- ,s, and it«e--<-catd by paths leading to part of the ifte, they form a beauti- ndlcapc. , -. 1 • .i,» A o KM IN A, a feaport of Sicily, m th« li DcminiJ, feKted on a rock, s8 mil« ■ MelTina. , . , TAVi.or, avillap;e of Buckingham- . feattd on a hiU, on the hanks of the mc5, rmJ diOin^uiihcd by its maji-ftic clknds, piauitlquc appearance, arirt :lfome villas. It is about ""e n...^ T Maidenhead, and 25 W. by N. 0. idon. „ r Ti- r \i'TY, a river of tlie Deccan of Win- ftan, which nfcs at Maltoy, «4 ">.•>" he N. W. of Naepour, and falls ini'> ' gulf of Canib.iy,"'about 10 miles I:- 1 Surat. . , .J •^ Tar, or Pamlico, a nver ot n. nerica, in N. Carolina, which flowi-.i.^ Tarborouch and VVaniington, enters nilico Sound,40 ,vcn na-.ne to the fpiders called tarant.,^ s whole bite is not to be cured but by ;;cing. It IS 50 miles S- E. of Bar,, - N VV. of Otranto, and u-^ t- "Y "• f Naples. Lon. .7.i9-E-lf-f-^5-^ TiRAGALLA, atownof Afnc^^- "" ,r the principal in the kingdom of TafiUt. •eatedonthe river D.as, with a foriiti^l :altle,i-^ miles S.W.ot lahict. Lon. 5. ;. W. lat. 27.40-N. TaRAV^E. a town of France, m tK department of Rhone and Loire and late province of Lyonois, feated on the nv v Tordive, at the foot of a mountain of tlu fame name. Lon., 4- 43- E. lat. 4; 5-' ^' Tar.\: TAR Tarascon, an ancient, populous, and handlomc town ot France, in the depart- ment of the Mouths of tho Rhone and hte province of Provence, with a well- built cattle, Itatid on the nver Rhone, oppofitc Beaucaire, with which it commu- nicates by a bridue of bous. Its com- merce confills in 'oil, brandy, ftaidi, and ftuffs that arc much worn, one fort being of coarfe filk, and the other of the lame material and wool. It is 10 miles N. of Aries, and 37-; S. by E. of Paris. Lon, 4. 4-,. K. lat. 4?. 4'J-N. ' Tar A so ON, a town of France, in the department of Arricge and late pro- vinoe of Foix, icated on the nver Arriege, fcvcn miles S. E of Foix. , TarazoNa, a ftrong town of Spain, in Arragon, with a hifliop's Ice. It was taken from the Moors in iiic, and is feattd partly on a rock, and partly in a fertile plain, on the river Chiles, 140 miles N. E. of Tolod": and 117 N. 1'.. of Madrid. Lon. i. a''. W. lat, 42. 10. N. Taubes, a populous town of brance, capital of the department of th; Upper Pyrenees and late county of Bij^orrc. It is a bifhop's fee^ has a magniiicent epil- copal palace, an ancient caftlc, and a hand- fome college -, and is feared on the river Adour, 41 miles S. W. of Auch, and in S. by E. of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 9. E. lat. 43. 14. N. rt • J * Tauboroi'gh, a flouriniing trad- ing town of N. America, in N. Carr.lina, feated on the river Tar, go miles from us mouth, and 40 N. W. of VVadungton. Tarentesia, a province of Savoy; a difagreeablc barren country, full of dreadfnl mountains. Moutier is the cnpi- tal. ... . ... Taroa, a town of -Africa, mthe king- dom of Fez, feated on the feacoaft, with a caftle built upon a rock. Near it is a very plentiful fiihery, and it is feated in a plain furrounded bv mountains and thick forelts, full of monkies. This plain is confiderr.d as a defcrt; but there are good wells and line pafturcs. Lon. 4- 5^- ^^ ■ ^^^- 3 5- 10. N. , ^ , . TARGORpD, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Moldavia, ;o miles S. W. of JafTv. Lon. 26. 29. E. lat. 4t- 4v- i^- Targovisco, or TeRgovisco, a confiderable town of Turkey in Europe, capital of Walacbia, ftatcd on the river Launi-za. 70 milts S. E. of llcrmanlladt, and 188 N. E. of Belgrade. Lon. 25. 26. E. lat. 4-,. 45- N- ^. . . , J Tariffa, a town of Spam, in Anda- lufva. with a caftle. It is a poor place, with few inhabitants, i.)^d is ftatcd on aa •^- ■<,iAli!»«»*!r*'-A- TAR eminence on the ftraiis of Gibraltar, 17 milts W. S. VV. of Giiirahar. Lon. 5. 40. VV. lar. 30. o. N. Tarku, a town of Alia, cupital of D,u;hcftan, ftatcd on the VV. coaft of the Carpian Sea, 5? miUs S. E. of Tcrki, and 300 N. E. of Tauris. Lon. 47. 5' ^' '^^' 45. 50. N. * Tarn, a department of France, in- ehiding part of the late province of Lan- gucdoc. It takes its niiiie from a river, which has its foiirce in the depatr-nent of L'zert, and hn'ing watered Muhoud, Alby, Gaillac. M.-mtauban, and Moilfac, falls into the Garonn., near that town. Caftres is the capitid. Taro, or Borgo-di-Vai. di-Ta- RO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Par- ma, capital of the territory of Val-_di- Taro, feated on the river Taro ; 2 ; miles - S. VV. of Parma. Lon. 10. 9. E. lat. 44. 40. N. Tarooani , a town of Africa, in INIo- rocco, feated near the Atlantic Ocean, 120 miles S. of Morocco. Lon. 8. 10. VV. lat. JO. o. N. .01 Takaga, a town of Spain, in Catalo- nia, ftatcd on a hill, near the river Cerve- ra, 1 5 mlics from Lirida. Tarragona, an ancient and ftrong feaport of Spa'n, in Catalonia, with a bi- ftiop's fee, atid a univerfity. It was built bv the Ptitrnicians, uid was very power- ful in the tnr.e of ihe Romans. There arc many noble monuments of antiquity here. It is lurroundcd by walls built by tlie Moors, and is alfo dtfcndcd by regu- lar works. It is neither i'o large ne)r fo populous as it was formerlv ; for though there is room for 2000 houfcs within the walls, there is not above '-.co, which are all built with large fquare ftones. It carries on a great trade, and is feated <'n a hill, on the Mediterranean, in a coun- try aboundine in corn, wine, oil, and flax. It is 35 mile's N. E. of Tortofa, and 220 E. by N. of Madrid. Lon. i. 13. E. lat. 41. A. N. r «r I.- I Tartary, a country of Aha, which, taken in its utmoft limits, reaches from the Eallcrn Ocean to the Cafpian Sea, and from Corta, China, Thibet. Hindool- tan, and Perfia, to Ruiha and Siberia. It lies between $'-" """'^ '^.^" K, lon. and be- tween 3 ■J" and =,^ N. lar. being 3600 miles in length, and 960 in breadth ; but in the narrow>.ft part not above ^30 broad. It may be confidtred under two grand di- vifions; namely, Eafttrn and VVtftern Tartary. The greatcft part of the for- mer either belongs to the emperor of Chi- na, is tributary to him, or is under his protection , and a very confiderable part T t 4 o£ 1 f| TAT y (If Wcftirn T.ut:\ry \vm hem eonqvurcil by ihc Rullinns. riiclc v.ift cnmrru^ iiidutlc all the niHlcllc part < f ,\Iki, im.l arc iiiliaiMfcd by Tartars of dlTnii.t le:, ,n cu- a hand.ome caiile and one of the beft har- f UBf r ie and the capital town isof tUe hours ur the kingdom, defended l,y a for., cumtere.rcc, anu y ^ ^ ___^ ^. _ ^^ .^ ^.^^^^^^^ .^^ ^ pL^latU fertile country, at the mcuth of the ruer Gilnoii, betv.ten fame name, with a rood harbour, and fe vera! caftles. It wa= iornierly ininoas t<>r «- - TArTA,or SiN-uF, a city of Hindoo flan Proper, capital of the province of Mn- dv It is ftatid on a branch ot the river Suidr or Indus, called the Ritciiel River. In the laft century, it was very extenfivc and populous, aid was a place ot great trade ; poffelling manufr.fturies of Idi-;, ^..ool, and cotton; and it was celebrated for its cabinet ware. Little of thele now remain, and the limits of the city are very circumfcribed. On tlic fhores of the In- dus, above the Delta, confiderable quaii- titles of faltpctrc arc made; and within the hillv tra«, which commences within ,. 46. w.hu. r- ''^•'^'• TAVLsioch, a borough of Devon- Ihire, with a market on Saturdiiy. Jt is fenieJ on the river Tavy, or T-ivt, inid was once a tlourilhini^ place, famous for its rtatcly abticy, wl/.ch' is divided into tene- ments. It is ftill a larjje place, and well watered, there being a t)rook runnini^- throujih every ftreet ; and over the river is a llonc bridge of live arches. It is 32 miles \V. by S. of Exeter, and 106 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4- '=• W. Iat. 50. 3;. N. * Taunton, a river of N. America, .ho hi u trai't. wriicri c(>mmenecs wunm ^ "■^ • ■- - - , U c' Sl« - the N. W. of Tatta, are which falls m=o . .r.,ai.et r.iy, on the mines of iron and ialt. The Indus, and E. f.dc ot R.v.de lilanJ- •us branches, admit of nn uninterrupted navigation from Tatta to ^loultan, La- horcT and Caftimere, for veiTels of near 200 tons; and a very extenfive trade was carried on between thole places, in the time of Auruni;/.ebe ; but, at prefent. Taunton, a town of N. America, in the (fate of Rhode Idand, feated on a river of the fame name, which is navij;a- ble hence, for imall vctreh, to Narra^,aii- fct Bay. Taunton, a borough of Somerfctlhire, 'to a I'oftUe ddpofition of the Seiks, the htuated on ■'- ^'-^[^ J'--' -'^^.^ %Z rTrelent Doffedors of Moultaii and Lahore, vigable hence o the lanec, and lo to ^m IsW Scs N. W. of Bombay, and Bridsewater. It has been the princu.1 T A U T A V the Ara'jian Sea. Lon. 67. j:. ,. 50. N. ■ 1 All, a town of Afiica, fituatcj cAiiiiniiii troiuitrs (if Muroccn, nU Z'.niugi, and in thi; route .locco and Sus to Tanibudluu. mil s S. S. E. of Moiocci). •KRSMAI.U, a ' iiail tDwn of Lin- , with a iiviika on I'ritl.iv. It i> 1 t!ic rive R.iiic, luar its conllu- :h the Vi II him, ami in a fenny It was tnrinerly of note for its w\ i:. 23 lliilfs S.'K. of Li'icnln, N. of L mdon. Luii. o. S. W. [i.N. AsTi'., a town f/f Swc , c.pit.tl (»f the province ot Itaf'.'d on a livcr -viiiih f ana, hs mile; N. H- '>f Aho. (;HEI., a town of Poland, in P.j- , felled on the river Veni, v' 1. VV. of Cnhii, and 5-, S. W. of .n, in fasaf- 11s into bur;; , in. iS. (;. E. lat. 53. T.RN A, a town of the kinj'/lont of , fe-ued on the rivtr Coraca, 10 :•'„ of Kieaftro, and 70 N. K.^ot ). Lon. ill. 44- K. lat. 39. n. N. ^'IRA, or Tavila, a conhdcrable if Portugal, capital of Ah;arva, with fome calile, and one of the belf liar- ia the kingtlo-n, defended by u fori. c.red in a pleafant fertile country, mn'iiih of the river Gilaon, benveen \ nice lit and the ftrails of Gibial- 33 miles W. by N. of Cadi/. Luii. W'.lav. r- ''^•'N. VisTOCh, a borough of Dcvon- with a market on Saturday. Jt is > on the river Tavy, or Tavc, i; at the mouth of tic liver xMiolaix.' On this illand is a call le, which defends the p.rt of Morlaix. Lon. ^ -• ■ Sec their a TEC nproich to Penh, tint they 1r irll » 'i' AUK 11: A Crimi.a 40. N. or Taurida. into the'exelamatiou of " /.-v lif'tn' • T^V, Km r:i oi-'.an arm ot the i.at which divides iMfellure from the tountie* of P.it'.r and Ankf,u'.. Toward us miiuili. It h.xomci extremely nuiow ; and at the Firry Town, in Fiftiliire, tiHel I artoii Grains, it is not al)ove a mile broad. _ ' Tav, Loch, a Itke 01 Perth'lnre m Sc .tland, through whicu H .ws the river of the lame none. It is 1 5 mile, long, and iii many parts above one broad. On tlie inU of September 17''.4. '1>'^ '-ikc was leen to ebb and liow feveral times in a ipiarter of an hour, when ;dl at once the uateiK ru!h- cd from L',. to VV . Ill oppofite currents, lo a» to form a ridoe, leaving the chuuiel dry to the dillance of ahnoli a hundred y.ads from its u'.ual boundary. • ^ htii the op- pofwiK wave, met, they hurft with a clalh- tn' noife and much foam : the waters then flowed out at lealf live yards beyond their ordinary limit.. Ihe l.ux and re- flux continued ^radiudly detreahng tor about two hours. A fimiiar moiion wa» obferved for feveral days, l)ut not to ilic fame degree as on the tint day. The banks of this lake are finely wooded ; and liiMi.A. •,,!,? U has 1 fmill tutted ill nid, on which arc the TAUKis, a -^^^^^^^ ^t;t ^t:: :;T ;;:my, bu,lt by Alexander 1 Aderoeiuan. It «as ''■""'•■^'y ",'■ ^ Tavo\n, a town of Alia, capital of tal of Perha, and is now the moll conh- , /;;,,;, -'.f-p^rmofa. in the Chinefe Sea, derable next to Ilrahan. It carries on a h<"- >' ' > of ^ ^ ; ,^^^^ ,-,,^._ ^on. prodigious trade in cotton, cloth, hlks ^v"" '' ''''p'"" °" n. gold and filver brocades, line turban., and '^S; 5°- t;- ''^;^y;^ ^ , ,, 3„a ft^ong deli^ihttul plam, fuirounded by moimtains, whence a llrcam proceeds, which runs throuiih the city. It is 0; miles S. E. ot Nakfivan, and 3-0 N. W. of lipanan. Lon. 47- 50. E. lat. 38. li-'^- Talrls, a LMtat chain of mountains row u >u ^i. ....>, - r- - , , , The emperor formerly relided here ; and it is a.'ietably feated among the moun- tains. Lon. III. ^;-K. '-it-J^- S-N. Tr.HKssA, an ancient town ot Africa, in the kingd jm of Panis, with fevera! re- mains of aniiqulty. It is ieaied at the "rVrr; .... ..f Devon.,!,. «.,.id, vlnco of;]«,!™-— , ,',' ^-^ri t;X^;;"T.i.:';:r2i^^;:. ?::^,i i i,;« .,i a,... lo..,. rr. VV. lat. 32. jO. N. •■ TcHKitN-iiioF, a government ot RuHia, which was formerly a part of the Ukr„inc. Its capital, cf the lame name, is fe itcd on the right Hiore of tiie Deine. Ti cKLi.sni KG, a town of Germany, in the eircie of Wcitphalia, capital of a county of the fame name, with a caftle on a hiP. It vwis bouyht by the king ot PruHia in 170:, and Is 12 miles S. W of Ofnaburgh, and 15 N. E. of Munfier. town, falls int;;^^: frihi of Tay. Tiu; L^iT,' ^•;- f ' ^^''TVc'^Kn", a town of Roman army, it is laid were lo ftru.K 1 u ' ^ ;;'^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^i^,,,,,, i,,^. Nvith the appearance ot this noble nver, in Atuci, in tut wn^^.ui ^^ j3in the Towridgt, at it. m-JUth in the Briftol Ciiannel. •' Tawv, a river of Crimorganlhire, In S. Wales, which loiws parallel to the TN'cath, and enters ibe Tea at Stanley i'\Y, a river of Scotland, the two C.iux'es of which are near Tyndrum in Pei-thihire. Flowing through Loch Tay, it afterward waters Dunkekl and Perth, and joining the river Earn, below the latter „W««»NUn. ». 15. E. liu. t;). 10. N. Tk' OANTRPFfA, a conlulcriiljlc fia- port of N. Aincricii, in ihc [jnvcrnnicnt U (Jinxaca. on the coaft of flu S'uth Sta, with n fwrtiftctl aWiiy. It ronrtins I'tvc- ral Ii.iridrmu: ihurthr^ iiiul luml'cs. L m. ,5. ij. W. Uc. I-;. i«-N. 'J'n'OHi , an anriint and I'mnr; tdwn <,f Afric.i, in tli- dti'nininns ct Momcro, an.) tapiial o^ a kiniMtoiu kF tlip r..mc piiiie, III Blli-dulj-erid. It is ("(.•.irul nn a mountain, and il"-' inhabitaiirs are kind to (traiiijcii. Uon, 7. 55- ^' '"^- »9' TfCfi.fT.a f.-:i[i"rt of AtVit.i, in the kinpditn of M'jrorc", with in old caftie. It IS ftatcd tn the tide 'la piniiiitnin, at lilt inouih of a rivtr uf tlu: l.i;r.t r.ume. Lcr. ij. ■• W. l-it. ?o. 4-,. N. •* Th [1 11 IN' (.TON, a viliaj',f (if Miildlc- fex, fcitid on tilt Tl,.iinc-. Tlic tlinrch i<, a jw:rpil\i.! curacy, wliir.h wa-. enjoyed bv tnt ctif:l)r.ited philcifophir, Dr. Ste- phen Hales, fioin t!ie vcar 1710, till his dcith in nfti. He is interred iindir the tiiwtr of the churth, v;hich he crifted at his own (txpenct. Tiddington is 12 miles W. S. W. of London. Tkuki.!-/, a (tnng town of Afrirn, in the kingdom of AlRiers, in a province of the fame name, on thr call of the Medi- terranean, wiih a raiUe and a plentiful nlhery, 'o miles N. P.. of Al^jers. Lon. 3 •,. E. lat. 4:' '■<■ ^• T^nsiAT, a l.irs;c and confidcrahle tmvn of Afiica, in ihe kingd^.m r,f Mo- r ceo, and capital of the provime of Hea. It vv.is taken bv th'.- PorrUi£iicre in 1517, Imr thcv were driven av.iy loon after. The iniMl^itants an fsid to he very holpi- tabie. Jt is Kattd on a livcr which far- rounds It. Lun. 8. 5'- W. lat. 30. 30. N. , , . Tsrsr, a town of Africa, in the ..ing- dom of Morocco, fea-td '.n .t plain aboiind- ]n^ in corn, t7 miles from Mount Atlas, and 10 from Tarodanl. Tr.F.!., a river which rifts on the con- fines of Curabc'Iand, divides the county of Durham from Ynrklhire, and falls into the German Ocean iielo^v Stockton. TEFEiARA, an ancient, laruc and ftrong trwn of Africa, in Haibary, and in the kimvlom of Tremeftn, 11 milts fri'in the city of that name. There are a grcit rnany mines of iriMi in its territory. • Tkfflis, or TiFFUS, a town of Afia, in Georcia, one of the fcven nations, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. I: i'; the crpital of th.ir country, the place of rtfidence of its fovcreljjn, prince ilera- T E G nhabitanti eliu», und is called by the inha •pv/'i-C '(w.irm town) from the warm buhs iu iglibourh lod. Though its circumfit. Its not exceed two Enj;- liih miles, main-, zo.ooo inhibitams of which more than half are Armenian;, ; the remainder are principally Cieorgi.ms, with foinc Tartars, According to major Rcnncll, it has 20 Armenian and 1-, Onck churches, and three metlhcdi. Hut Mr. Coxe, on the authority of pr.i. fJl. r rmldcnliatdt, Hates the pl.iccs of W'lrlliip to be one Roman Catliolic, 15 (iitik. and Icven Armenian churches. All the houfts are of flonc, with (lat roofi, whicli fervc, accoidini^ to the cuftnm of the Kaft, as walks for the wo:iicn. They aie neatly built : the rooms are wainfcot- ed, and the floors fpnad with carpttv. The Itreets ftldon exceed fevcn feet in brculth ; and fome arc fo narrow \i% fcarce'v to all iw room for a man on horfe- bilk ; they are Ciurtfiiienily very filthy. Here is .1 foundry, at which arc call a fi:w cannon, inortirs, and balls, all of which ate very iiifirior tn thofc of the Turks. The ;;'inpowder made here is vtrv irond. The Armenians hive like- wil't tit ibiillied in this town all the manu- f.n'turi .arrie. ^. \V. lat. 2y. 4:;. N. ;l.lo, a town of the country of the i, capi' d of a government of the ime, in the Valtcline. It is a long ni; place, fituatc on the top of a in, nine milts from Tirano, and iz ondrio. In 1620, all the protcft- this pi, ice, and throughout the Val- Acre inhumanly maflacred. * TtlGN-, T E M • Tr.tns, a river of DevonfliiT, cnin- pnfed of two branches, which rllV in the rtntre of the county, and unltin^^, enter the KiiglKli Channil at Teijjnnvaith. XKKiNMDlM II, II CeH'irtof Dc'.on- fhirc, reckoned p irt nf the port of h'.ve- ter. It has no m. iktt. but lends a num- ber of velftls to the Niwfoundlmd hlli- cry, and has a tonfiderable coalHni; trade, cfpcually in carryinjj; vul i|uati;ities of tobacio.pipe rlav to Liicrjwol, whence are brought back coal, lalt, enrthtn \>are, iic. This is the place where the D.iiies firft landed, and where they committed I'evcral outraue'. It is iVated at the mouth of t!ie river Tcit;n, 12 mile. S. of Kxetcr, and jSo W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. t(). W. lat. ^o. n- N. Tkissr, a river nf Hunj!;arv, which rifes in ilie Carpathian moimtains, and palling bv Waradin, Tockav, and Segedin, falls into the Danube, near Tiiul. TttLMON.x, a town of Italy, on the Coart of Tufcany, with a fmall harbour, and a ftroni; fort. It is fcatcd at the innuth of the brook Ofla, »ir the extre- r/iity of a puiiit of a craggy rock, 10 miles from OrbittUo. Lon. 11. 11. E. lat. 42. »8. N. TELGEtN, or Telga, a trading town of Sweden, in Siidcrmania. It is I'eatcd on the S. bank of the lake Maeler, ii miles S. VV. of Stockholm, Lon. 1;. 14. E. lat. c,<). iS. N. Tkm. iruF RK V, a fenport of the pe- ninf'.il.i of Hindooftan, on the cwnft of Malabar, where there i. an Englilh faA>ij- ry ; 30 miles N. of Calicut. Lon. 75. 50. E. lat. II. 48. N. Tfci TSK, a town of Germany, in Mo- ravia, feated on the frontiers of IJolumia, at the fource of the river Teya. Lon. 16. o. E. lat. 49. o. N. TKMKNDKKusr, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers, feated on the Mediterranean, 10 miles E. of Algiers. TtMEsw AR, a confiderable, important, tnd very ftroni; town of Upper Ilung-.-v, capital of a county of the fame name. It formerly palled for impregnable ; but it was taken by prince Eugene, in a drv I'ea- fon, in 1716, by throwing in ftveral thou- fand bombs. It is feated in a morafs, 60 miles N. E. of Belj;radc, and 1 c,o S. E. •f Buda. Lon. 22. 20. E. lat. 4;;. 3-. N. ■* Tb.mkswau, tiik B.^N^AT m, a county of Upper Hungary, the capital of which is TemcCwar. * Tkmissa, a large town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez/an. Here the cara- van of pilgrims from Bornou and Nigriiii, which takes its df^pariure from Mour/nok, and travels by way oi Cairo to JNltcta, TEN ufinlly proviJej the flores of corn and dates, and dried meat, leipuliiu lor it« dreary pallage. It in txj niilo E. N. K, of Mour/.ouk. Tkmhook, afeaport of the Cuban, in Afia, leated on the S. Coaft of the lea of Aloph, 20 ni le» E. of ijie Itriits ot C'ltf.i. 'Ii->Hi'Hs, a town ill \V iiccflerihiie, with a mail 't on 'I'lield^y ; feated on ti.e river Teiiie, n mill s W. hv N. ot Wor- ccftcr, and no N. \V. by \V. ot LonJo». Lon. J.13.VV'. la'. c;j. i(\.\. Tknuv, a f. it is about two miles in circumference : it is low, but entirely covered with tues, many of which are the coccranut. The nativei obfervcd in the canoes, that ventured to come fomewhat near the liiip, wete re- markably Ifout and liealthy I mking men ; their tkm perfei'lly fmoolli, .iiul free from any dilordcr. Thev were ipntc naked, and of a copper colour ; their hair re- I'eir.bling that of the New Ilollandcru. Some ot their beards reaelied as low as the navel, and there was an appear.ince of much art having been uled to form them into long ringlets ; fo that it feemi-d to be the prevailing f.ilhion on this ifland to keep the beard wcll-coiiil)w:d, curled, and oiled. Two or ihree of llie men hid foinethinc like a he id or bone fulpciuh i to a filing, which wa'. tifleiicd round ilv. neck. Tilt largefi of their canoes ap- peared to he about 28 feet long, and made out of a large tree, wi'h a long outrigger. Lon. 151. 31. E. lat. i. 39. S. Tfniia. a rtrong town of Piedmont, capital of a county of the fame name ; f.ifed on the river Boga, nz miles S. of Turin. Lon. 7. 45. E. lat. 44. to. N. Ti.vEnos, a celei)rartd ifland in the Arcliipcl igo, lying on the coaft of Nato- lia, to the S E. of Lemiios, and 10 miles from the ftraits of Ga'llpoli, It is 10 miles in length, and 10 in oreaeltti, ^ind its mufcadine wine is the belt in all the Le~ vaiit. On the e.^frern lide of the ilhmd is a prtt'y large town, feated at the foot of a mounrain, with a iiiic harbour, com- nianded bv a caftle. Ti:Nf iiiKF, an ifland of Africa, one f>f the Canaries, the mo(f confidtTable of 'hem for riches, trade, and extent, it liet to the W. of the G.rand Canary, anm; m p.iiiKid.ir, c.illkd iI>L' I'ikv nf 'I'ciKiilF, which iii;iy l)« I'ri n no n'.ilc nir, i-i u clt^r dav. Dr. Ilchcidtn h>it uicei'tuiil- ed iti hcijdit to \w i5,}<;'> fVit iiimve the Itvel of tltc fct. Tins 111 md '.h ('iihjt^i to cattli(|ii ikis j;tnd, in 1-04. thiic happen. ed 'iiic th:it cttltfyoj ftvi:i';d to >ii», and nun* thiHilaiid pcnplf. Tin: l.ib 'linu!! works ill lliis illaiid art chii.lly pcif.irnud by n>ult«, hiir t* 'm\i>h liMirc, md itlrrv- eu fur the iil'c (.f ti.t rifticir.-. Omm are alio nnitli tm|iiiyi.d hi'ic, Havvl,^ and parnxs an- naiivrt nf the ill.iiiJ, as allii I'wallovvs iLi^iil'.. p;ii!iid»',i», f.m.irv- birdj, and hlick'iid.. Tin re a^'c alOi lij.ardb, iiiulU, ,tiul threi'ir four f.ri^ of drai'oiiflu-i, 'llic air and n, in the kingdom of M iro:ci , I'eattd on the deeh- vitv "fa part of Mount Atl.it. Tkniu'Hki', a town of Cliitia, and in the province of Xariton;;, wiili ay;(!i,d l^ar- boui, wliere th..rc is nener.illy a lU;et of Chinese Ihips. Lon. 116. 50. F.. lat. 35. »o. N. ' TiNNi.sshi. See Hkoai) 'J i s'- NESSKE. Tr.NM SI ADT, a town of G.:riii:inv, in Tiiurin^i.i, near llie rivi'isi Stitenain :ind Schanitail;. li^e n^iie. from Krlort. It belon.i;s to the ele>'lijr o( Stxnny. Tun IKUDIN, :i town it Kmt, wi-h a inarkei on Friday. The flei.p!e ol the church is noted fcr bcii>;, a haiulfi nu and lofty budd'iv'. v>':i'c:;. before the G--odwin Sands appcaad, ui-.» made i;''e of a? a be i- con to direct tVamen. It !s 24 n.ilos S. W. of Canterbury, and c6 K. by S._of London. Lon. o. ?;. li. lat. c;i. 1 •• N. Ti'N/r.c;f ZKT , a rtiom; town of Afri- ca, in the kingdom of 'l'rc;nLr«n. feared en the top of a rock. a', the foot of wiucii runs the nvtr Ttloia. i; ii 011 the load fioui Ft/, to Trciiieitn. T K R T^ HI. Ai'iiAi nn ancient town nf A^'i- CM, in B.lidMl^erld, lc*tcil in .t counny aboinidiiiii III d te., upon a tivcr that pro> eeid. trolli ii Dot (["'in;,'. ■j'l-KA.MO, a lo'vii of ih« kin^diin of Na| l':i, with a hilliop\ Kc, Tinted .it tiic iMiilluence of tin" riMis VicioU and T r. d'no, 10 iiiilti N. \V . of .\tri, nint j« N. K. uf A'uiiivia, Lou. 1). )>/. E. Ut. 42. v;. N. '1 I it,\«s<>, an anc;ent, but now almnrt iiriinl twivn of Turktv in Kiii^pc, in f..'ji«nisnia, with nn nrchbilhop's fee. It vv.ib fornii.tiv called 'I'arlin, wit^ the capi- 1 il rt Cdici.i, and i> the hirtliplife of Sr. Paul. It Is It: I'ed on the Mrdueirant,a:i. I, n. %;. vS- l" hit- r- I'"; ^^ Tk I', H AhSON, a town of Kraiirr. in ih.i.' depitincnt of Dndo.;iie and l.itc pn'\ !|' e f'f l'.ii>C'id, fea'.ed 00 the river Vilu. , ovu wliuM li a handi.inc hiidje, 10 niilcH fr'in bai'liit. Loll. t. 19. E. l.ti. 4-,. TiitrhHV, one "f tic A^ n... or Wcitein Jllands. It i. very Itiiiie m w.ital, and miitains aiiont jo.o .0 inl.a- Liiranti. Lon. 17. 1. W, lat. 3S. 45. N. S.i. /t/oiii.i,. Ti.KiiA, nn aiuiiiit town of Afriri, ill the kin.;d in of \h,f no, fenttd on thc rr.er Oiinii l.'ji, 15 nr;iln from A/ani'T. Tkuki, h town of Alia, in Circi:iria, wliere a prinie refides who depends (.n the Ruiii ins. tl.is btinp their frontier town agairdl Ptrfia. It i^ f^aied on a ri- Vurof the I'.ime name, in a mariiiv place, mile fi'i ni the Cuipia.i Sea, and Lon. 47. 50. E. lat. II' 4}. K. of Tellll^.. i:. N. '.ri-RMiM, a town of Si.;i!v, on the n'Tthtrn c-iall of that i.honi. In 'he Val« ill Diinavi, wiih a i'tri"ig cafile. It famous for its mineral wartr*, and there is a fine aniiv^kK^t, with leVLV;! liandHipii; biiildinj;'.. It ii ftatid on tin inrutll of a rr. er nf the iaiiie niMiiV, in a territiT\- abounding in corn and ]i;'Mid wine, ;o miles S. f.. of Palermo. Lon. 13.44 F. lar. %%. ;. N. Tkrmom, or TmMt.s'i, a town of file kin;'.d"m of N.iplis, wirh a bilhop's fev, ri..'ttd near the lea, 3 .■■ miles S. F.. of Laiieiano, and 70 Is". K. of Naples. Lon. I r. :o. F^. 'at. ,jl. H'). N. Tkhmiviikx, aCmi'.l i'Ut fli-'n:r torvn of Dutch Flanders, to the N. E. of Shivs. TisRNATK, an ifland nf the Eartern Oeean. the principal of ilic M liueras. It abounds m cocot-nu-", liaiutia"^, citri.n;;, (uMiiues^hn nds and 01 her fruii.'ipi<'per to the tluiiate. 'I'herc are al'o a gieat nuin- bii ot bird-j vi paradil'e. It is a uiuun'.aiiv 1111.- oUS I T l" R I'll \, nn aiuiiiir tmvn nf ATrj. ' l"li.'.iiiil, Ii4ttil in ^ couniiy II (I tf^, iiimn a river that pro. I Hot l|. .■!:):.■, ", it I'uvii 'li the kinf» I) lif 'l\irki-. in Kill' JVC, in ■ v'iih nn nrdib'lhi'p's It'c, It ilv c.iikil T.irltu, wic tlic c:ipi. 11, .tml \, il.c liirtli|il u'c of' Sr, Is li I'eii cm till- MnliitiiHllt.u;i. 5. K. lilt. K. •<". N. AhSuN, ,1 f.m n iif Kr.inrf, in the lu (it D iiihi.jiif ittiil Lite pri'\i|i c I'l, fe;i!c(l (11 till, river Vidii, ill b a haiuli. inc briiUu, 10 mile* I lilt. Lull. I. !>;. b. lit. 4^. Mtv, one of the A' re. ■* Jllaiul>. It ii very lutiic 111 mi kiiiiiains <«ii>ipi:i,i Sea, rtiiij 1:; til!i>i. Lon. 47, 50. E. idj. 4}, INI, H town of Si^i!v, on tlie (•(all of tliat i.l.iiiii. In 'lie Vai- n^i, wiih H i'tri"ig c.tfilc. It is 01- its niiiicril warcis .md thtre Hiuckiit, with Icvti:! liandlonis . It is Itatcd on tin inouth of a llic iaiiii; n.ur.'., in a territory i^ in corn and jimid wine, iO K. of PulefiTio. Lon. 13. 44 K. . N. loi.r, nr TuiMt.s-i, a town of iliim of 'N.iplts, with a bilhop's d near tl.i; lea, 3.' miles S. E. of , diul 70 N. K. of Napli.4. Lr,n. : !at. ii 'It t!ii! D.i'i'h. 'Jul' iniiihiiant!! ire .\1 d. muiiiiv, and In \v',y indolent, tl.i«t ihty w,itidi.r any one ll.oiil I I iltv 1(1 niiicli pii'i'> til prciciire a livelii.eiod. It ho R hftic to ttlc W. of Criiiilii, .ind i;)o null', h.. it CVlibek. Lon. 121. c. K. lat. I. o. N. I' i.uNKUsi:, a (troni» town of Ditch FUnderi, httwicn the two hranclii.* nf the liver Siludl. fivo n-iht fn m Avici, Hnd K ten limii S.tt v.in (jIilii*. i.on. 3. 4V K. lit. 51. 10. N. 'I'lJtNi, .in aneitnt and ronfuhTidile 1 >wn ni It.ilv. lii till' tiTi-i irv .f the I' ipc and (hiciiv of bl;ioic!tii, with a Ii- liiop's lie. 1 he c,ithedri>l ii a iivit»iii' liecnt flrui!:ture, and the pliec cidIiImj alviut ia,oo^ inh ihitantk i hut u wat ni.ith nmrc conlidirahle foriiitriv thm i' i. no.v. 1 ni; f inio'.iH cit i.-.u't nf il,: river Vchnn ii a niil • lri>;Ti this plic.', wliich ii leiitd in an 1(1 md |i rnnd liy thi; river Ncra, on which .ictoant i' wai an. i'liily c lied lnuuiry I- Tcrr.i r i!ie birthiijuje of Taeifus tno 1 i.tKiian. It is i« iniUi S. I)V VV. of SpoIi.tii>, and 40 N. of Roing. Lon. II. 40, i-^. Ut. 41 . 34. N. Tlkn'ova, in aiKicnt town of Tiir- ki'v in I'^iiriipi-, in IS il.Mri). with an arch- hidiop'i fee. It VJA- iorm'.riy the (tar of the pri'-.ct': ot Hiil'.'aria. It is (icaied on a mountain, near th.. river Jtr-ia, i/T miles N. I'., of Sophi.i, a.v! ^'.S N. W. of Adria- no|,ie. Lon. 16, 1. F,. Ut. 45. i. N. Ti ft rt AfiN A, -in i-ni lent tow:i of Ita- ly, ill il'ic territory of tht i'ope, in the Cairiji'M'na of Rome, witli •\ Inlliop'), (ee. It it });rca'.ly decayed em ac. 'iintof iis iin- wholtlinic air. It was l.amtrly editd Anxor, was tlie rapit d of tlit vvarhhe Vnllci, and the printipd clurcli Wus ori- ginally sttmpio of Jiipiicr, v.h.i wis fup. piled to halt a parti. ilitv f"r this inwn and iht coiintiy round it, and wh"ni \'ir- gd, th.trefoic, calls Jiipi:cr Anxurus. It 13 I'tatcd near tht ie s on the lide nf a mountain. 4*1 miles S. K. of Knme. Lon. 13. 1 V K. lat. 41. 14. N. Tki.'RA V)LL FUEeiO. StcTlKUHA PKi, 1' ri 1^0. TlIUlA FlKMA, Nkw Castii.f. or C A'.TILE OKI. DiKJ, a countrvuf S. A- inci iea, bounded on the N. and K. hv iht- Atlintie ; on the S. hv Atna/onia and part of CJuinia; and on the W . by the I'acific Oica.i ; iieint; divided on the W. ah'i), hv the iffuimis of D.iricn or Paiiiina, from N. America. Its I -iiinh, from thf I'acilic OcwBH to the Aiijivtic is up- — T E S iv,ir«1 of If 09 iniiei: its grcMcft hrendih •» 7 v' ; ''lit. in tome pluii, towaril thf ri»ir Oioiii ki), not nhoii iSo. It e«- Und» al 111 II fftait ihw i<|uiiiir ro 11. i'l. N. Int. and fmni f-o. ic. t > to. VV. l.n. It 11 divid. d into ihc foil mitii; diftiirti: 'lerri Pirm.i Prrnnr. or D.meu ; C'artha- r,en.i, Ki. Martl'i, Rio ih |i Muhi, Vc- i.r/'icl,i, Ni'w Oranada, N\w AiKhlnfia, Pipavan, anJ Cjiti.uu. It is iuhjeet la !S;';!m. 'rvKiiA Kiif.iv Pmoimr, nnotner name for the priviiue of Duttn, in Ante* ri a. Si: !) Mill S', Tkhka Ni i)Va, an anc'ent town, on iht callern in id of the illmd i,f S.srdinij, leai' d at tht bottom nf a j;u'f ' f (he lima ntm.'. Lon. .,. 3^. K. In. 41. .. ^J. Ti iiitii'ii.'V, L'lfH, .n iiiitt of t!ie U-y, on tht W. c". N. Teh R 01.1 !• v, a town of France, in the drpartmcnt of l!ie Straits ri< Cilais and li't pmviitce of Artois, ie.it.d on tht river Lis, i\\ miles S. of St. Oaitr. Thiti'.i f I,, aconfiderahletownofSp.iin, in An.ii'on, with 1 bifliop', fee ; feated in a liiye, pltifint, fertile' plain, w.itcred iiy llrtains plmtcd with j^ardens and fruit, trees, whoh; hlofliiiis perfiine the air; and wlitrc ihey tnj jy al'.iift a perpctuil fpiiiu'. It tVinds It the toufUie-ncc of llic rivti's 0'i:idalt)tiivcr -mvX /'.lliair,bri, 7; mi!..' S. VV. of Sini.'ona, and 111 E. of Madrid. Lon. 1. o.VV. lir. 40. it. N. r I- K V K n K, I town of the United Pro. vinrc'i, in Zeal;, ul, and on tht N. E. toiift of the ille of WalchtiMi, with a piod Inrhnur, and a fine- arfcn il. It is foi miles N. E. of Middltbur^'. L jn. 3 E. lar. ?i. 36. N. Ti'.scHEN. a town of rformany. In that parr of Upper Siltlia whirh is ful'jtft to the hoiil'e of Aiilirii. ft is ll-.s capital of a durhy of the lame name. It w.-.s taken by the Pruilians in 17-7, but rtftored to the Aiillrians I'V the fubfeii'ient peace. It is (iirnninded o-i all fides hy a niorafs, and feated near the I'l urte of the river Vilfiila. At a little dillanee fioiri it is an old caftle, on an eminence, where the an- cient dukes relided. The inliabtant* cariv on a trade in leather, woollen ftutfs, and Hun;^iry wmes. They mike pretty f.i.id tire-arms, and brew uxctll'.nt beer, A treaf." of peace was concluded heic. in 17;^, between tlie cniperur Jul'e;>h If. md ^ iMir 4«- J T E 1' and Frederic III. king of PiuTia. It is 27 miiti S. E. oi Tri'ppaw, and 65 S. W. of C:mcu\v. Lon. lb. 17. E. lat. 49. 52. N. T^sIiCI)El.^, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Mo-c .tn, nrar iht fouice of the river Teclmbit. It is lurrounded by a cragi^,)' rock, which renders it iiiipreg- nabie. 'ri.Sl.':n, n lr\r:5e river of Italv, \%hich has iti Inurce ;n tlie Alps, and 011 Mount St. Gothard, ;inJ riini ^Urcaigii tiie coun- try of the (irllons.Hiid tncUke Mat;ii,i(jrc; then nmninj; S. R. trirougii p^n of tiie Milantfe, It \v;iihc^. i'avia, and a little after falls into the To. Ti:ssKl,. SeeTFXKl.. * Tksi', or Tksi., a river which rifes in the N. W. of Hmti, and wntcring Stockbridi^c and Ruinley, falls into the bay of Southampton. Tetuuki', a town of Glouceflerfliire, with a iti.irket on Wtdnefday. It is a pretty i^ood jihicc. with a handfonie market-houfc, ami a confidcrahle trade : the inarket is large lor torn, cattle, chcefe, malt, varn, wool, and pr; vifiuns. It is 25 miles E. N. E. of BriC.ol, and 99 \V. cf London. Lon. i. ». \V. lat. 51. 36. N. ThTifACO, a large lake of S. Ame- rica, in Peru, and in tiiu province of Cal- lao, ab' ve 200 miles in cireiiinferenre. Tktuan, .in ancient, well-builr, and pleal'ant town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fei. The hoiifes have, no windows toward the ilieets, except little holes to look cut at ; for the windows arc on the infide, toward the counyard, wliich is furrounded by ijallcries ; and in the middle is generally a fountain. Thty arc two ftories hii^h, flat at the top, and the itrcets very narrow. The drefs of i.!^)th ftxes is mu(h alike : but nothing of the women is to be feen in the ftreets, except their eyts and naked legs, which are never covered in this country. When they ate at home, they vifit each other from the tops of their houfcs. They wear bracelets on their arms and legs, and large car-rings in their ears. They have verv fine eyes, and fome of them beautiful (kins ; and their veft is open be- fore, from the bofom to the waift. The fliops in the city arc very fmall, being without doors ; and the mafter, when he has opened the Ihuttcrs, jumps in and fitiS crol's-legged on a counter ; the goods be- ing difpofcd in drawers round about him, and all the cuftemers ftand in the ftreet. It is feated on the river Cus, ttiree miles from the fea, and has a cillle which "om- mancls the towD. it h 10$ wilw iN. by W. of Fez, and »S S. E. of Tangier, Lon. ;, 26. W. lat. is- ^7- N. '' Tevkrone, a river of Italy, whicli rifts in the Appennines, ^o miles abovt Tivoli, glides ihroMgli a plain till it comei near that town, when it is confined for i iliort fpace between two hills, covered with groves. Thefe were luppifed to be the rtfidencc of the Sibyl Albunca, tt whom a temple hc-c was dedicated. The river movinK with augmented rapidity, as Its channel is coiifintil, at laft ruliies head, long over a lofty precipice : the nolle o| its falls refo\inds through the hills and groves of Tivoli; a liquid cloud arilts from the foaming water, which after, ward divides into numberlefs fmall caf- cadts, waters feveral orchards, and, hay- ing giiined the plain, ilows quietly on till it loles itfelf in the Tiber. The elegant form of the Sibyl's temple, indicates its having been built when the arts were in the iii^heft ftatc of perfeflion at Rome. It is feated on a point of the mountain, Ironting the grand calcade. ■ Teviot, a river of Scotland, which rifes in the mountains in the S. VV. of Roxburghlhire, and palling almofl through the centre of that county, mean- ders beautifully through wide and fertile vallies, and unites with the Tweed, neai Kcllo. * Teviotdale. Sec Roxburgh. .SHIRE. Teur AKT, an ancient town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, feated on a moun- tain near the river Za. It was formerly om of the mod important places in Africa. Teuzar, an ancient and confider able town of Africa, in Biledulgerid, di vided into two parts by a river. It car rics on a good trade, and is feated in country abounding in dates. Tewkessury, a borough of Glou ceilerlliire, wiii two markets on Wed ncfday and Saturday. It is diftinguiflie for a manufaftory of cotton (lockings, an here are the ruins of a monaflery. it w: formerly famous for the muftarU bal made here, and fent to other parts ; t which Shakfpeare alludes in his fecond pa of Henry IV. Itys a handfome town, wit a magnificent cKurch. At this place, 1471, Edward IV. gained a dccifive vi tory over the Lancaftrians. Tewkefbu is leatcd at the confluence of the Seve and Avon, to miles N. of Glouceftc and 102 W.N. W. of London. Lon. 13. W. lat. 52. c. N. Texel, a town of the TTnited Provi ces, in N. Holland, at the mouth of t Zuider- Zee, with a gi.wl harbour, wni ilrong fort. It is icatcd in an iflat wht - ^ I U P riOmsn/m^z^*^,-»~ v-^. ... ^ssfRTWfcisir' --- \V. of Ftr, and iS S. E. of Tangier. Lon. s. if>. W. lat. 35. 27- N. '* Tevkrone, a nver of Italy, which rifts in tlie Appcnnines, so nults above Tivoli, glides ilir<>uy,li a plain till it coma near iliat town, when it is confined for a fliort fpace between two hills, covered with groves. Thcfc were luppifed to \.c the relidencc of the Sibyl Albunca, to whom a temple hc-e was dedicated. The river movini' wiili aui;iiieined rapidity, as Its channel Ts confined, at laft rullies head- long over a lofty precipice ; the noile of its falls refounds through the hills and {proves (.f Tivoli; a hqiiid cloud anlts from the foaming water, which after- ward divides into numberlefs fmall cal- cai'ts, waters fevcral orchards, and, hay- in miles E. of Fez. Lm. 4. IS. W. lat. 33- 40. N. Tezcl'CO, a town of N. Amenci, in New Spain, feated on the lake of -Mexico, ,c miles fnini the city of that name. It s an inconhderablc pli-'c, though the ca- pital of a Urge g^ivern,. • r Hcie it was that Corte/. c. .:;:•-! ' -mal to be dug, where he built i» brigantines, to carry 011 the fiege of Mexico. Lou. ico. 20. VV. lit. 20. S- N. . r Te/KLA, a very ancient town ot Africa, in Barbary, and m the kingdom of Tremefcn, with a fmall caftle, ftrong by fituation. It is 15 miles trom Oran. Lon. c. i^.E.hu 35- iS-^i- ^, . . . „ Tt/OTE, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, feated on the point of a rock, eight miles fmm Metila. Lon. 1. c<.\V. lat. 44.40- N. T»\BOR, a ftrong town of Germmy, ,n Bohemia, built by Zilca, the famous general of the Hullitcs, in i^n- '.' i\ands on a mouni.tln of the i.ime n.ine, is iurroundcd by w,,!!-, and of diRiailt accels. It is i; miles N. E. of Budwets^, and 46 S. E. of Prague. Lon. 1 5- &• E. lat. 49. Tii\mes, the fincft' river in Great Britain, which tikes its rile trom a copi- ous fpring, called Thames Head, two miles S. V^^ of Cirencetter, in Gloucefter- laire. It has been crroneouOy laid, that its name u Ifis, till it arrives at Oor- chefter, -s «niies below Oxford, when, bemg joined bv the Th-ime or 1 ame, it a.TumJstlienamcofthe Thames, which, it has been ooierved, is foim':d trom a com- hinaMou of the words Tliame and lbs. What was the origin of this vulgar error, Cinnot now be traced. Poetical Udl.ni liowevcr, has peipctuatet' this error, and mvelled 11 with a kind of clsffical unchtv. •' It plainly .-ippears," favs Camden, " that rhe river was „lwaysc:iUcd Tluraei or Tcoi., before it came liear tlie Th.imei iuiimwveiui ancient charters granted to ^— I ti a: thoabbcvof Malmfbiiry, a? v ..il a* ih^i ot Enili.un, and in the old di-cU rcia'.ing to Cncklade, it is nsver conlidejed unvier any otlii:r name than that of 'i lunius." He likuwife lavs, that it occurs no where under the name of Ills. All t!,e hitto- ri.ms, who nuntion tiie incuvlijns of Kthelwold imi) Wiltlhire, in the VCor 90--, or "f C'ltiiitc, in iDi6: concur like- wile in the fame opinion, by declarioij, that thev p.ilTcd over the Thames at Cnckkule in VVihfiiirc. It is u < prohj- ble, moreover, th-tt Thiii>es He-,d, ao ip- pellaiiou bv which the fourcc iias uVuAily ix-en di'.'.in'?,uilhed, lliould give life to 1 liver of the name of liis; wliicU river, ;«urle, (hould itallume the name of Thames, the jppelL'.i.m ip.g- don. Palling by the ruins of Godftoiv nunnery, where the celebrated Fair Ro'a- mond was interred, the river reat lus Ox- ford, in whole academic groves, us poe- tical name of Lis iias been fo often in- voked. Being there joined i^y the Cliir- well, it proceeds S. E. to .Abingdon, and thence to Dorchefter, where it receives the Tame. Continuing its courfe S. E. by W'dllingford to Reading, and tonning a boundary to the coumies ot Berks, Bucks, Surry, Middlelex, ElTcx, and Kent, it wallics the towns of HenlKV, Marlow, Maidenhead, VVindfor, Eton, Egbam, Stai'ies, Laleham. Cherti, y, Wevbndge, Si'epperton, Walton, Siin- burv. Ea!f and Weft M'.'ul'ey, Hamp- ton, Tlvames Ditton. ICinglton, Tedding- ton, Tvvickeiiliam, Rithmond, Iflewono, Brcntfrd, Kev.', .Mortiike, B'.rnei, Clr.l- wick, Han.merfmiih, Putney, Fuhiam, V/andf- —:«■--; .^VT. .r^ ^^) c- i T II A Wnncirwortb, B.itt.rfea, Cliclfea, and 1 aivbftli. Thtii, on the nortli b.uik ot the nvf. ;irt Wcftminner and Loiuim, ami, on the oppoiltt fuU-, Soiithwaik ; forming to-thtr one conn.iutd city, ex- ttn.hn- to Linuhuull aiul DLpttord ; and hcnrc the riv^r pruccc-.ls to Grccnw.: ., Uiiih, l-.v,:..-nhithc, Grays Ihurrf.ck, Gr,vc(tr.a,aiidl-'."-''' •' "", '"'K ^'■".'" London Bridjre to Bo':..er's Lock ; .P« ,v. f,. ,,Jmi!e-^ above bndte. 1 he p,.u, of lifw'cuts b.asbccn adopted, ,n lonie places, . ,.-, ihorten and faclot.ie the nayi^atlon. There i. one near Ltddade, which runs ncniv parallel to the old river, and co;nJu^s to St. John) Brid^ ; a,ul there is another, a nulc from Ab,n^,don, S has rendered the old Uream to- ^v,ird CuUv.m BndL;e, ul. c!s. But a much more important undevtakini;; has l^eiv bcni acccmplilned; natTt.ly, the •lUnfVion or this vivcr with the Severn. A ianal had been made, by/''"^';, °^„''" ^" ^f pavham.nt, iw '-o, f^-^^ '^^ ^^-■•" • to W.U BtuUve, near Stroud. A new canal now afcend. bv StnuK . through the Vale of Chalford, to the hei-ht ot 343 feet, by mcar.s of 2S locks, and thence to theentVnnceofatunncl near Sapvunon, a V.ftance of ne-.r ei^ht miles. The cana is 42 feet in width at top, and 30 at he bottom. The tunnel (which is extended under Sapperton Hill, and under that part of earl Baihurft''. i-rounds, called Uv.^f Wood, iiuikiMji a di;Un:e ut two mdts T II A -p and three furlon.'.s) u near i :; feet in width, and can navigate barges ot 70 r.-n,. The canal, delcendmi; hence 134 feet, by 14 li.ckb, j ins the 'I'lian.es at LcchUde, a dil'.ance of above :o milti;. In the courle ofthisvalt undertakiiur, the can>l, tr.ni tile Severn at Kvoumlade, co 1 ns' ii;rhai;i, where it joins the rhames, is a diUance of more than 30 m''«. The expence . f it exceed, d the I'um of ioo,oool. of which 300^,1. is laid to h-vc been expended in gunpowder alone, u'ed for the blowinsj up ot the rock. This nexv i anal wa« com- pli.ted in 17^0, in leis than fevcn ye.irs from its commencement. A con.munic- tion, not only with the Trent, hot with tlic Met fey, h s likewife be.n ettc.Med, by a canal from Oxf'ird to Coventry ; and an 'M of par.iamcni has, pafied, u. ex- tend another canal irom ihib. at Braun- ftcn, to the Thames at Brentford, Tins is to be called The Grand Junt'.ion Ca- nal. On the cxteiihvc advantages teltilt- uu? from thcfe navigable con.niunications from the mtrrop.lis with the ports of Brillol, Liverpool, Hull, ,'<.c. and the principal manut<,Cturing towns m tile in- land "arts of the kingd'-m, it ;s neeilieii to expatiate. The tide flows up the Thames as high as Richmoul, which, tol- lo*.-in'4 the windini^ of the river, is 70 mi'ies ""frc-m the ocean ; a greater diftsnce thantheiiJe is carriedby any oiher rivcr in Europe. The water is efteen'td extremely vvhokfome, and ht for ufe in very long voyage,,, durintj which it will work itieit pe'rfertlv fine. , ,, , - Thamls, a river of N. Amciira, in the ftate of Ccainef.ticut. It is com- polcd of two principal br.inches, the She- tucket on the E. and the Norwich, or Little River, on the W. This laft, about a mile from its jund^ion with the Sh-- tiicket at Nwrwicli, has a remirkahle and vers- romantic cataraft. From Norwich, ihe'Thamcs is navit,-.ble 13 miles to Long jll.md Sound, which it enters at New Lcndon. .- ThaNF.T, an ifland of Kent, compril- ing til caltern a,>gle of tiiat county. It is now feparated from the main by a nar- r,ow channel of tl.e Stour. It produces much corn, efpecially barley, and alio madder. The 8. part of it contain^ a rich traft of marlh land. 1 he hulbandry of this iOe, and of E. Kent in general, has long been famous. It contains the fcaports of Margate and Ramlgate, and fcveral villages. . , • , Tn->so,an illmd of the Archipelago, on the coall of Jamboli, a prcvuicc of Macedonia, at the entrance of tlie gulf ot Contellia. It is i: miles in len-ih, and .-*3^r^-si^'^'^'-'-" T II A furl'^n.'.i) i.i rn.;ir i; fjct in cm iiivuritc barges (>( 70 r.>iH. ildccndiiij; hcnv:i: 134 (let. by ins tlic '1 liaiv.cs at I-;.i.!illitary mannor. It is now inhabited by Arabs, great enemies te» the Turks, and thieves by profeliion. TuEUKs, the ancient name of a city of Upper Kgvpt in Africa, now called I^u>:or. it was celebrated for having ico gates ; and there are now a great many magnifi- cent remains of the ancient city, Tiir.nEs, See Thive. Theohalds, a village in Hertford- fnirc, in the parilh of Chelhunt, once fa- mous for the inagnificent pahce and par- dens of the great lord Burleigh, which that nobleman exchanged with king James I. for Hatfield. The fmall re- mains of this palace wer« demolilhcd in 1765. Theobalds is 11 miles N; of Lon- don. '■ TtrEODOsiA. See Caffa. ThesMia, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, S. of the ifland of Zia, and to the N. of Serfante, near the gulf of Engia, 12 miles in length, and five in breadth. The foil is good and well cultiv.i-cd, and they have a great deal of filk. i'artridgcs arc ill ii'fh plenty, that thcv may be aU moft had tor nothing. The principal town is of the fame name, and is .ho rcfi- dencc of a Greek, bifliop. Lon. 24. 59. E. lat. 37. 31. N. Thessaly. See Janna. Thetford, a borough in Norfolk, with a market on Saturday. It is leafed on the Little Oufe. The Lent ailizes for the county are kept here. There is ftill a high mount, which lias been walled round, and fenccil with a double rampart. It is governed by a mayor and recorder, 10 al- dermen, and 20 common council-men. It has three cluirches, a good frecl'chuul, and a townliaii. The river, which here di- vides Su.*l'.!k frtiii Ni.>ri'olk, is navigable T H I from Lynn-Regis ; and a good drti of ^vool-cum^illg is carried on here. This was formerly a very large city, had up- ward of 40 churcher, and was a billioji's ' lee; liut It was dtllroyed in the nine of the Danes and Saxon', and there arc no reniiins of its ancient monaftcries. It is 30 milfs S. S. E. 0! King's-Lvnn, and bo N. li. of London. Lon. o. to. E. iat. S2. :S. N, Thih'- t, or Great ThsBet, a larf Alia, ronfulcred by fonie gco- gr;'.pticis a: part <.f T.ut3ry. It is bounded i>i\ the N. W. and N. oy the Dofcrt of Kobi, in Tartary ; on the E. by China; on the S. bv Affam rod Rurmah -, and oa the W. and S. W. by liindooft-.in Proper and Bnotan. It lies between 81" and '■2'^ E. lon. and 2-° and 40" N. ht. This country is one of the highcft in Alia y. it being a part of that elevated traft which gives rile not only to the rivers of India and China, but alfo to thofc of Siberia and Tartary ; for moft of the capital rivers in thofe countries tile between 31" and 47" N. lat. and 70° and 97" E. lon. whence they run, in every diredtion, to the .'ea, as tlie Rhine, Rhone, Danube, and Po, do from the Alps in Europe. Its length from E. to W. cannot be Icfs than icoa miles; its breadth very unequal. It is divided into three parts. Upper, Middle, and Lower Thibet. The Upper lies to- ward the iburccs of the Ganges and Hur- nmpooter ; the Middle is that in which Lalfa, the capital, is fituatcd ; and the Lower, that vrhich borders on China. Little Tiiibet is fituated between Upper Thibet and Calligur. But major Rennell, who confulers the geography of the whole country as very obfcure, is uncertain whetlier Little Thibet is fubjtft to Lalla or not. Confidcring the exceeding Iv rough and lleril ftate of the country of Thibet, and the fcverity of its climate,- from its wonderful clcvaiinn, it isallonilh- ing, the fame judicious writer obl'erves, to find its inhabitants in a high ftate of civi- liz.itijn ; their hoiifes lotty and buil; of ftoiie ; and the ufctul m,iniifa£liires it» fome degree of improvement. All thel'e advantages thev probably ov.'e to their vi- cinity to the Cliinefe. The Thibcti ns are governed by the grand u.n:a, who is not only fubmitted to, and a.lured by them, but is alfo the great cLjcdt of ado- ration for the varior.o tribes of Pagan Tartars, who rove through the vaft traftt of continent which ftrttches fr<:m the banks of tiie river Volga to ICo'ea, He is not only the fovereign pontiff, ihe viccgercti: ef the Deity on eartji, but by the mwce (emote Tar'.ais is abfoiiutly ^ " re^ariu'd T H I regardcil as the Deity hiinfelf. They be- lieve him to be immortal, anj endowed with all knowlcilgc and virtue. Every ye ir tiiey cotno from ditTcrent parts to win-;liip, and mike rich ortcrinsrs at his flirinc. Even the emperor of China, who is (;f a Tartar race, docs nut fail to ac- knowledge the lanm, in his rtli;;i'>iis ca- pacily, alihouij,h, as a temporal lovtrcign, the lama himiLif h tributary to that em- peror. The opinion of the moft ortho- dox Thibctians is, that when rl;e ii;rand lama leeins to die, c'.thc- of old a";e or in- firmiiy, his fmil, in reality, only quits a crazy habitation, to look for another ' younger or better'; and it i'. discovered a;rain in the body of fonic cl\ild, by cer- tain tokens known only to the lainai or prielli, in which order lie al.vays appears. In ;774, the grand lama was an mfant, wlio iiad been difcovercd i'ome time be- fore by the tavoihoo lama, who, in autho. rity and fanftity of cliarafter, is rcxt to the grand lama, and, during his mmority, afts as chief. The lamas, who form the inolV numerous, as well as the moft power- ful body in the (late, have the pncilhood entirely in their hands; and, moreover,. they (ill up many monaftic ordci^, which are'held in great veneration among them. The rerulcnce of the grand lama is at Pa- toli, a vaft palace, on a mountain, near the banks of the Burrampnoter, about fcvcn miles from LaOa. The fort of Dellamacotta, which commands the prin- ciial palii tlu-ougU the ridge of the Bootan mountains, being taken by ftcrm by cap- tain Jones, ill 177^ the fame of this ex- ploit made the Thibetians lue for peace , and, in .774- tbe EnglKh E. India cotn- pany made a treaty with the lama. The relitrion of Thibet, though, in nany re- fpeas, it difFers from that of the India Bramins, yet, in others, has a great affi- nity to it. The Thibetians have a great veneration for the cow, and highly rc- fpeft aUo the waters of the Ganges, the fource of which thev believe to be in h-aven. The SunniaiTes, or India pil- "o-rims, often vifit Thibet as a holv place ; vind the lama aUvavs maintains a hodv ot i or 300 of them in his pav. Befide his r-ligious influence and authority, the gVaiid lama is poirelfcd of unlimi'ed power througiiout his dominions. Thibet is often confounded with Bootan ; l^ut the latter ii> ' former. Till!-:". •, ^, , , France, in tbc department ot Puy de Dome and late prnvmce of Anvergnc. On .which ever I'.de it is viev.'cl, the half of th2 town is ncvr-r fsen ; from whitit ,,,ly a feudatory province of the See P.U.TF.. lis. a trading populous town of T H O circumftancc it is faid to derive its name. V- is famous for its ftatiiary, hardware, a>yi cu'lery i and is feated at the fide of a h;!!, zi miles E. of Clermont, and no S. o- E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 3S.E. Int. 45. 5'-i^-^ Thionvii.i.k, a very ftrong town r.r France, in the department of M0I1.I.J and late province of Lorrain. It «:"; taken by the prince of Conde, in i6|i, after the battle of Rocroy, and ceded xj France by the treaty of the Pyrenee . The Auftrians bombarded it in 1792, bur were obliged to raife the ficge. It is ad- vantageoudy feated on the r'ver Mofellj, over which is a bridge defended by ; hornwork, 14 miles N. of Metz, and a , N. E. of Paris. Lon. 6. 15. E. lat. 4.,. zi. N. T'liKF.MSTF.iN', a town of Gernruv in Lower Auftria, feated near the rive: Danube, with a handlome cafllc. Tmirsk, a borough in the N. ridir,: of Yorklhire, with a market on Mond av It is a fmall place, fonmerly noted for i' ftrong cadle ; and is 20 miles N. \V. i.; York, and 230 N. by VV. of London, Lon. I. 16. W. lat. 4- 15- N. ^ TmvE, or Thi;iiks, an ancient and ccl-brated town of Greece, in Livadia. with a bifliop's fee. It is nothing now f> what if was formerly, and yet is four inilc in circumference, but lb fill! of ruins, t!ia' there are not above 4000 Turks am! Chriftians in it. It is now famous for a fine fort of white clay, of which bnv. I for pipes arc made after the '1 nrkil!" falhion. They are never burnt, but dry naturally, and become as hard «« ftonr. Here arc two mal'qucs, and a great main Greek churches. Jt is feated betwccv two fmall rivers, 20 miles N. W. (;, Athens, and 280 S. W.of Conftaniinoplc- Lon. 23. 40. E. lat. 3S. 17. N. THorssf.i., a confiderable town oi Fr-.nce, in the department of Ain and la. ; province of Brcffe, with a handlome cn!- kge ; feated in a fertile country, near tJK river, Saone and Chalcrone, 10 miles "^ of Trevoux, and loo S, E. of Parii. Lon. 4, <;o. E. lat. 46. 13- N. *■ Thoma, St. an idand of Africa, lyuv; under the equator in 8" E. lon. It wr.i difcovercd in 1419, and belongs to the Pbrtuguefe. It is alino(f round, and i^ about'~'3o miles in diameter. The foil i-; fe'-tiie, and produces plenty of fugar- canes. On the fune vine are bloffonis, ar.-l grten and ripe grapes, all the year round. It is a verv unwholefomc country, grc:.t numbers of the Portugucfo dying, an.! few living to a great age. It confi't- chiefly of hills, intermixed with vallie^ , V/flich are conftsntly liUcd with a thi.:R ftiakinj; T H O jarKc it is faid to derive its nnme. h lis for its ftatiiary, hardware, r.n i and is feated at the fide of a hili, E. of Clermont, and zio S. '()• lis. Lon. 3. 3>). E. ht. 45. ;i.N. iNvii.i.K, a very ftrong town r.f in the departtnrnt o? Mollis _■ fe province of Lorrain. It «;>s 17 the prince of Coridc, in ifijj, \c battle of Rocroy, and ceded tj by the treaty of the Pyrenci, . lurtrian:; homhrirded it in 1792, bir Ibliped to raile the ficge. It is ad- j'ouily I'eatcd on the pver Mord:.. Jliich is a bridj^e defended I'V . |)ik, 14 miles N. of Met/., .-ind i.- , of Paris. Lon. 6. 15, E, ht. 4.,! KF.NSTF.tK, a town of Gcrmrui' ver Anftria, feaf.;d near the riv.r c, witii a handlonie caftlc. riisK, a borough in the N. ridinr; klhirc, with a market on Mond.v! I'mrill place, fomicrly noted for r . callle ; and is 20 miles N. VV. c: and 2^0 N. by W. of London. . 16. W. lat. ;4. 15. N. IVE, or Thkhks, an ancient and ated town of Greece, in Livadin. op's fee. It is nothinii; now to i»- was formerly, and yet is four mile- :umference, but lb full of ruins, t!;;i' are not above 4000 Turks aiul lians in it. It is now famous foy j ;brt of white clay, of which bnv, i . )ipcs arc made after the '1 nrkil.'i n. They are never burnt, but drv ally, and become as hard xt Hour, are two mofques, and a great nruu k churches. It is feated betwecv fmall rivers, 20 miles N. \V. i.-, ns, and 2S0 S. W.of Conftaniinoph. 23. 40. E. lat. 3S. 17.N. lorssKT., a confidcrable town of :c, in t'ne department of Ain and la..; nee of Brcde, with a handlbme co!- feated iii a fertile coimtry, ne.ir th^- . Saone and Chalcrone, ic miles '^ ruvoux, and 200 S, E. of Pari^. 4. <;o. K. lat. 46. 13. N. ^OMA, St. an illand of Africa, lyin-; r the equator in 8" E. lon. It'w:;'; /ered in 1419, and belongs to the igucfe. It is ahnoft round, and i; : 30 miles in diameter. The (oil i, e, and produces plenty of fut^tr- . On tlie fame vine arc blofTonis, ai^l 1 and ripe iTapes, all the year rouiul. a vcrv unwholcfome country, grcr.t 3ers of the Portuijucfe dvintc, an.i livini; to a great age. It confit^ y of hillj, intermixed with vallies It are conltantly liUtd with a thi.:!l lliakinj; T H O {linking fog. However, it agreeJ rciy well with the cattle, v.tilth arc larger and fintr licrc tlian on the Gold Coalt of Guinea. Thomas, St. a town of S. America, in Guiana, feated on the river Orooncjko, and ful;jt('t to Spain. It was unhicccfs- fuUv attacked by fir Walter Raleigh, when he went in feaich of a gold mine, Lon. (-V 30. WMat. 7. 6. N. Thomas, St. an idand of the W. In- dies, to the V;, (if Porta R.ico, with a bar. b'lur, a town, and a i\in. After the cap. ture of St. Kuli-atia, in i7!ii, this ifland berame the iniirt of that part of the Welt Indies. It is i^ miles in circumference, and belongs to the Danes. Lon. 65. zG, \V. k'.i. iS. -.2. N. Thomoni), a county of Ireland- a!fo called Ci.AKH, which fee. TnoN'<.>v, a bandfonie town of o .-ov, capital of Chaiilais. It contains a hand- fiime paLice, and fcvcral convents. The inhabitants were Protettants, till they came imdcr the government of the di;ke of Sa- voy in 1598. It IS feated on the like of Geneva, at the mouth of the river Drama, 16 miles N. E. of Geneva, and 13 S. W. of Laufannc. Lon. 6. 44. E. lat. 46. 19. N. TnoRS, a town of Weftcrn Pruffia. 7t was formerly a banfeaiic town, aim Hill tiijojs great privileges. There happened a great tumult here in I7i4> between the Roman Catb'lics and Protertants, on ac- count of the ftudents of the Jcfuits ; upon which the Poles lent judges here to try the maglilratcs for not fupprelfing the riot, who condemned two of the principal magiilrates to be beheaded, and fcven of tbe citi/.cns; after which thePapKls fei/.ed on tile eluirchot' St. John. The Protelfants have a handibnie college here. The Pruf- lians forciuly took poH'cHion of this town, Jan. 24, 1793, and foon after annexed it to tlicir dominions. It is leated on the river Viftala, over which is a remarkable l.rid(';e, 76 miles S. of Dantzick, and 105 N. W. of Warlaw. Lon. 18. 42. E. lat. S3. 6. N. Thorn E, a town in the W. riding of Jorklhire, with a market on Wednel- day. It Hands in the marlh land, on the river Don. The fens to the E. and N. E. of this town arc generally a turf-moor. Tli'j inarfiies liere h.ive been drained, and the ground thereby iniich funk, by a cut 10 miles in lent'lli. Thounruuv, a corporate town of Gloucefterlhirc, with a market on Satur- day. It IS feated near the Severn, 24 miles S. W. of Gloueeller, and i2t W. •f Lcndon. Lon. 2. 31. "»V. lat. 51. 35. N. t TT it * TtlORN'DON, or HoicCDOSr. V.x^v and WksT, two parillies between Prent- wood and Horndc beginning of February,' which anfwers to Augull in the northern hemifphcre. It lies in lon. 27. 40. w/. and lat. 59. Z'^- ^- which being a higher loutbem latitude thin any land had been found in before, gave occafion for its name, Thun, a hundfomc town of Swiflir- land, in the canton of Ci rn, with a caftle, where the avoyer refidi-o. This is the place where thev embark on the river Aar for Bern, 10 miles from it. It is pretty large, f u » * and r I T I B «n<] frstcd r.u a h\ c nf the fsme nnme, finrtly in a fin.ill ill.ind, and partly on a nil. Lon. 7. 17 K. I-;. 46. .V'- 'N. * Tins', a lakt ol Swiirerl uvl, in tiic cainon ot Bern, nhmit four Umj^ucs long and one bruad. To j'ld^e by the l\tLp- nah of the iTT>unt:iin!i by wh^ch it is ooundtd, it nmft be very dtcp. The bnr- ri'-ri, are richlv vHriei;.ited, and preltnt fevL'val fine point:, of vitw, greatly hci'.;h- tcntd by nnny ni.;i;td rock,, rifin;! boldly from tlie ed;.;c of the water. At its ^^. \V. ixtrtniitv it* tlie town of Thun. THt'NPi.n Kay, a bay, nin; miles bruad, at the N'. \V. corner of L.ke Ilm-on, in N. America; fo called fioni the con- tinual thunder that i-. heard there. Thurgau, a bailiwick (if bwilT.iland, which lies aloni; the ri\er Tliur, boinidLJ on the v.. and N. by the hke, town, and bilhopric of Confiance; on tl-.e S. by the territory of the abbot of St. Ci.iileii ; and on the VV.' b\' the canton of Zvnicii. It is the largelt b:.iliwick in Swillerland, m well as the nioft ple.ifan!, ricli, and fertile ; and is extrcirtly pupnloiis. The love- rcignty beloLigs to the eif^lit ancient can- tons, who fend a baiiiif here in turn, Frauenfield is the capital. Thukikgia, a province of Germany, in the circle of Upper S,i\()ny, with the .titlo of .1 laudgravate. It i; bounded on the N. by the diichy of Urtinlwick, nnd the principality of Anhalt ; on the E. by Mif- nia ; on the S. by Fr incnia ; and on the W. by lUn'e. ' It is about 73 miles in length, and ai much in brc'ulth ; fertile, iboundinL' in eorn, fruits, and wood, and watered by feveral rivers. It belongs to the e'eilors of baxony and i>.Ient7, and fc- Erfurt is the ca- T I E vej-al petty foveixiyns pital town. Tut' H so, St boroiii,'!i of Scotland, in Caithncf^Hiire, featcd at the mouth of the river Thurfo, on the W. fiile of Dunnet Bay. It h:\i a conf^derablc trade, and a of Bois-le-diic manufaftory of woolica and linen cloth. 50. N There is a good falmou fiihcrv at the mouth of the river, and tlie c-i^')es Borpo, St. Sf pulchro, Citta-di-Ca(tello, Orto, nnd Kvimc, iv miles from v\l(iich it falls into the Mulitcrwnean Sea, between Oft ; and I'orto. Ti^ere is it^ modern narn:. TiCKKi.i., a town in the VV. ridin.^' ot Yoiklhire, with a market on l-ridav. It had a cattle ai'.d fortihcations, dcmolilht i in the civil wars, of which fomc ruins re main. It h.is a dillinf.t liiicrty, calLd the honour of Tickcli, which is part <,f the duchy of Lanrarter. It is live miles S. rt Doncafier, and i^r N. bv U'. of Londun. Lon. 1. II. W. l.u. ;3- ^^^^•, „ TiDDKNHAM, a village in Gloucclicr- fliire, near ChepHow, fevcn miles S, h it has a king of its own. 'I ho wo(kV- and the rocks that furround ir, ren- der it a place of defence. L(;n. 116, 0. I.. lat. o. 50. N. , Tiki., a ftrong town of Dutch Gue,- derland, in Lower Betaii. The river Wahl washes it on one fide, and on the other it is lurroiinded by niorailes. It 1.. 17 miles W.of Nimeguen, and I'i N. K. Lon. 5. lO. E. lat. 51 Tit NCIUN, alargeandhandfonic town of China, in the province of Pekin, wi^h a larsre fortrefs, and a harbour where tSn.v carry on a I'rcat trade. It is Itatcd on ,.;i arm'of the Vea called Chang. >u, ......... .. Tin;tUA UKi. Esi'iRiru San'TO, the ral fprinr, laid moft weftern and largeft illand i f the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean, being 40 leagues in circuit. The land is exceeJ- ingiy high and mountainous, and in many places the hills rife dircftlv from the lea. Except the diflfi and beaches, every part is covered with wood, or laid out in plan- tations. Befide the bay of St. PhiUp and 6t. Ja"-n, on the north tide of it, the ides vliicinie along the S. and E. coaft, forro feveriil TIE tcrrnm.:\n Sea, l)etwccn Oft'i Tivcri; is iti mocltrn nnrn;, I.I,, a Kiwn in the VV. ruUiii.; it , with a niarktt on I'riii.iv. h lUc aiiil lortilicatidiis, ilcnmlilhi I u .lis, of wiiicli fume niiiis rt ii.is a (litiinW lilicity, calLd t!ic f Ticiscll, which is part of ll.c I,;)iir;iflcr> It is live iiiilci S. <•{ r, and nr N. bv W. of Londup. . W. lai. ?3. ii. N. .Mi'VM, a villngt in GlouccTiLr- dv Chcpllow, fi-vcn iniki. S. 'i and 2; S. W. cf C.luiictl^tr. ifli 1 5 miles in c^'inpals, b.r.inuu'. fi d cs b V t h c ^ V y c a nd S c V I. rn . A • 'ft point of the p;iri(li, where ti i- id Severn (h\ide, are ftiU to l;.» on tile rocks, at low water, the a cliapei, which was dedicated to .1, the lirll female niarivr, uiio I'ut- • D. 47. Kswri.i., a town of Deibyfliirc, marl'.et on WedneI'dav. It is lu roni a we!! that is t'aiil to ebb and Ir has a hand.'.'oine' church and a f)(/l, a.iul is 12 nulc.i N. \V. of Dcr- I -^H N. N. W. (jf London. Lon. \V. lit. ^3. i^.N. OR, an ifland of Afia, in the Indian one of the Moluccas, to the R. (li nd (if Ciiii.l.i, and to the S. of Ter- It is 17 miles in circainfcrentc, le air is m: re wholelbmc than .'u re. It products dovti and flax. L)iitch are mafters of the iilaiu!, 1 it has a kini^ of its own. The and the rocks that furround it, ren- a place of defence. Lon. 126, 0. T.. ;o. N. •;!., a ftrong town of Dutch Gucl- d, in Loutr Hctan. The river waihes it on one fide, and on ths it is I'urronnded bv nioralles. It ;.. ies W. of NiiiHguen, and iS N. K. is-ie-duc. Lon. 5. lO. £. lat. =i- KNCiiiN', a large and haiulfomc town ina, in the province of Pckin, v.i-ii e fortrcCs, and a haibor.r wl\erc tlu.v on a I'.rcat trade. It is Itatcd on ,ia f the lea called Chanj;;. F.iiUA UKi. Ksi'iRiru SAVTo.tlie Aeftern and largeft illand ( f the New ,des, in the S. I'.ncilic Ocean, being 40 ;s in circuit. The land is txteeJ- hit;h and mountainous, and in many 1 the hiils rife dircftly from the lea. pi the tlitfi and beaches, every part crcd with w< od, or laid out in plan* ,s. Befide the bay of St. Philip and igo, on the north fide of it, the iflei 1 lie along the S. and E. coaft, form feveml 1' I E fr\cral good bays andharbours. I. on. 165. o. P.. lar, i6. o. S. Tri.KUA DRi. I'fKc.o, revcraliflands at the foutlum (xtreniity of America. Tliey take their name frini a volc.uio on rhc largcll of tlieia. They are all very hTrrcn and nioiini .inous ; hut from what Mr. Former fav , in his Voya;;e to the Sourh Sea, the climate dues not appear to be fo rigorous and temp(ltuoui as it is rcprefentcd in Anion's N'oyage. Upon the lower grounds and if! amis, that were llicltered by ilic his'li mountain-., Mr. For- mer found f'tveral ("vts of trees and plants, and a variety of birds. Among the trees was Wiaier's bark-tree, and a fpeeies of arbutus, lorded wiili red fruit of the fi/e of fmail chirrits, whicli were vc-y wj!! tafted. In :oi:;e places there is all.) plen- ty of ctLry. A'nong the birds was a fpeeies of di.ek, of the fi/c of a goofe, V hich ran along the fea with amazing velocity, beating the water with its wings and feet. It had a grey pluina^^e, with a vellow bill and feet, and a few white (ji'iill- feathers. At the Fa!!;L;v,l illand-. it is called a Idggerh'.ad-duek. Among the birds are alio plemy of giele and falcons. The rocks of fonic of the jdands are covered with large mu'ck- Ihclls, the fi!!i (»f which is well flavoured. The natives of" this country are fliort in their perfons, not exceeding five feet fix inch-s at moft, their heads larL;c, thci; faces broad, their cheek-bnnes prominent, and tl'.iir noils fiat. Tl'.cy have little brown eyes, without life ; their hair is black and lank, banging a'lout their heads in di''''rdtr, and bei'mcared with trainoil. On th.c chin they have a few ftrag_i;ling ihort hairs inftc'nd of a beard. Ti'.e whole afreniblagc of their features forms the ni..(l lo-ithlo'rie piftnre of mifery to which iiu- niin nature can podibly be reduced. Thofe whicli Mr. ForfVer faw had ni otiicr riitbing than a fmall piece of leal-ikin, nlrrh hu'ig from their /lioulders to the inid-.'lc of the back, being fa'lenjd rcuiid the neck with a ftring : the reft of their i">d\' was perfei'^tlv naked. Thtir 11a- i.iral colour fecms to be an olive brown, \\ i'ii a kind of plois, refi-mb'.ing that of lopptr ; bur many of them diiguife thein- i'l-lves with ilreaks of red paint, and foine- tiiiies thouah feldom, with white. Their whole charnAf r is a ftrangt compound of thipidity, indifference, and inaftivitv. They have no other arms than bows and arrows, and thiir inftnimcnts for tithing arc a kind of t"ilh-gigs. Thev live chiefly on fcals flelh, and like the fat oily part' tnoft. There is no appearance of any ^ibordination among them, and their mode TIL of life approaches nearer to that of brutes, than that of any otlur nation. ' ^ . TlKiLls. ^ee Til Ki.is. TiGKis, a liver of Alia, which has iu Iburce luar that of the Kui'!ujtv.s, in the mountain Tchilder, in Tuu iii.ul:, fepa- rates Dia.rbid. from Ki/erum, and Khu- fil^an from J i..e- Arabia, .uid uniting with the Kuphrav- at Goino, falls iuto the gulf of Bulurah, under the naine of Sehat-el-Ar,.l'. This ijver palTls by Dijibekar, Ge/ira, IMou.'ul, Bagdad, Gorini, ari! Hutlarah. " Tii.ui .;y. East, a village in Eflex, fitiiated ne.u- the mouth of the Thames, to the li".. of Tilbury Fort. It is fuppofeJ to be the ]i!;ice where the Kmpcror Clau- dius croHed the Th,:nKs, in purl'uit of • the Britons. In this p;ui(]i is a field, called Cave Field, i:i which 'u ;ui horizon- tal pafliigc to one ( f the fnaeious caverns in the neighbouring parilh of Ciaulwell. Of thele Caiiidii has given a (ketch in his Britannia ; and he (iefcribts them as in a chalk cliff, built very artif.cia'lv of itone, to the hei/i:t of ten fatlicras. 'Dr. Derham mcat'r.red three of the luoll eoii- fulerahle of them, and found the dipth of one of them to be to feet, of another 70 feet, and of the third 80 feet. Their origin is too remote f(,'r inveftigation. TiLiJiviv Four, in F.flex, fituatcd in the parilh of Well Tilbury, oppofite Gravefend, Is a regular fortiiication, and may be termed the key tn London. The plan was laid by fir Martin Beekman, chief engineer to Charles II. h li.ts a double moat, the innermoll of which it I So feet broad; with a good cov.ntcr- fcarp, a covered wav, ravelins, and tcrails. Its chief rtrength on ihe land fide ccjnfiits in its beirg able to lay the whole level under w ..er. On the fide next the river is a ftrong curtain, with a n-,blegate, call- cil the Water- gat 1., in the niiJdic ; and tlie ditch is palitaded. Before fhi, cui»- tain is a pla;forni in tiie place of a couii- tcrlcarp, on wlucii arc planted lo') guns, from 24 to 4'< pnumirrs tacli, befide Vnial- Icr ones planted between them ; and the buftions and curtains are ailo ploircd with guns. It is 2S miUs K. by S. of London. " Tll.BUItV, \Vi ST, a village in Ef- fex, fitiiated on the Thames, N. of Til- bury Fort. Here the four Roman pro. coniular ways croffed each other, and, in the year 630, this was the fee of bilhop Ceadda, or St. Chad, who converted the Eart Saxons. It is fitiiated by the mar.lics, which arc rented by the fanners and graz- ing butchers of London, who gererally ftock them with Lincolnfliire and Leiccf- tcriliirc wethers, which are feiu hither t' u 3 f rt^ir i^r^^f.^ ■ jjwhww.''^- ■ T 1 N lU > ■ I I tf W W iF ^ . ^ WI ' il W ll T I N .. „ u a oA« ni- bl.ick. There arc nlfo a vaft num^f from SmhhficW in Sep- m^ -'^ ^- - ^S; wSich arc cafily caught. .nA ,. bcr, r'.ndtcdht'ret.llChrilmasnL. uut cxc.cdindy good, bef,,! ,na:. ., and th. . what the bur. h.s ca fl h J.^^.^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ y^^Jjj^ .^ ^^^,^^ rigi.t mar h mutton. In hu p.. h ■ V / ,^^ ^^^ ^^,„^,,, ^,, ,„,,(,„,, ciu..n. ccUhr.ud fpr,n>i '>f ^; ■>« Sp n 'ih - t.ticsof coco.-nu.s, c.bb.K-trc.s, Ruavo.s. covered m iTf/' >^ hu tUt ^panuI a oranges, and brci,'- n,adawa.inthcCh:u.nel m.5-, que. ;^-; '^ ^^^^^"J,, iMor. %.l(cr grc.lv Elilabeth had a c;\mp here, vsliici was u ., , _ _ , , , r , where the wnulniill now ftamis ; and Ionic traces of it aic vir.l)le. Tim AN A, a town of 5. America, in Popayan, cipltal of a tcnitory of the lame •name, which abounds in fruits and p:'P ;res. It i-. featcd on a fmall river, 130 miles from Ponayan. Lon. 73. 5<- ^y• I 't. i- V- N. T,MOR,nninandof Afia in.hcln.ian ;;"■• ■■-(.;■-;, ,-,„d. ^ Ti.cre arc n.w *?^T'•r^V^S^h': "otiSs n ^:^^^S^>^- uicrc .ere 30,000, i:;^,ld'3VS;:2r'ltXuin ^l-vcre tal.cn a.ay by the Vniards. f:in(lil-wood, wax, and lioney , and ihw ■ Dntcii have a fort bore to the fliip's bread. It grows on .-., iv.nts of the branchci, ii. more long rli:r.i r<'r.nd, beiiiii civcred v.irli a rou^;h rin 1. It is ubout I'cven or eight inchc. long, iiul is fittcft for ufe when liill growp but tv't quite ripe. There iiie alfo < etablci proper for the fcurvy i fuch !.s wat. "niL- (on, (iandihoii, crccpini^ puriiain, niu.i, Tina, a town of Turkey in F.urcp.., in Rofnia, f.uted on the liver Tis, 37 piilts N. W. of SpaUtro. Lon. 17. 9- >-■ lat. 44. iS.N. other ifl.inds, ami particularly Guaiii. There art many ruins of a particulir kind, confi'Ain;; of two rnv/s of iqu.iro pvramidil pillars, each pill'.r being ubout fix feet fr.im the next, and the diltancc between the rows u li feet; on the ly,) 44. iS.N. ^ f ^^,j^ j,,g^g J5 ^ Itmiglobe, with a ll JZ^;"'^J^^^ Cychdes. to ..rface t,p.v.rd, and they ar. . n.po.a the W. of Micaria; 17 miles long, and ei-rht broad. The riches ot this iflai. 1 co'iififtinfilk, of which they have .fi,ccD pounds cverv year ; and the filk. ftocKUU.s they make of it ,a,c vc'-y (',"od ; but n... thinc can cniiai ihe gloves whicii art- knit here for the Tadics. The fortrcfs ftands on a rock, and the adjacent town contains about son houfc-^. There is a biiliop s fee oftlie Latin church, though the Greeks have loo papas or pnelts. It belongs to the Venetians, who h:.ve 110 of fand and ftone cemented tL-irether. 1 -c climate is extremely healthUil, Jor tU.- rains are not continual, but fallin frequi.;it; rcfrefliinjr (hawers. There are nortieum-, but the' uatcr of the wclb and fprin,.,; •■ extremely gone). The princ'ip.il incoi.Vv-- niencc ariles frrui llie number of nmlkil' ' . aid other kinds of flies; and there an. likcwife info'^l" called ticks, which fatu . upon the limbs and bodi.s of men, a:'. ; buvy their heads under their fkins ; I'ui the'worll of all is, that the road is incor- u^.v...;,.- .- .•- ■ - - ,„/.„„ .^„ r^u•^. vfnienr, and, in fume feafons, mere is .u. regular tro.ps here, ^^ >t ' Y "^^n - c , ^.^^_ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ about 50C5 men. St. ^'f^'f ^'''^f J/'!^' ,^,_ ^_ (,;/,,,. , ,, o. N. TiNMOUTH, a feaport of Northun?.. bevland, feated at the mouih of the nvi r Tyne, nine niilcr. F. of Newcaftle. It Iv-r a caflle, feated on a very high rock, ina-- ccHible on the fcafide, and well mounti. i pal town. Lon. 2 ?. * TlNF.VF.LI.Y. .4. K. iat. 37- 30' ^• , Sec PALAMCOrTA. TiNi \\,anilland in the Indian Oce;'n, one of the Marians. It is about .2 miles in length, and fix in breadth. I he io;l rifes in gentle Hopes from tl.c « ' ' ,'" '^ ^'^ , L rh. Tvionv-houfe: Her r^Viddle of the ifland, intermixed wirli \ al- lies of an esfy dcfcent ; and they are beantifally diverfifie.l with the mutual enrroachments of the wo'^ds and lawns. The wooos confift of tall and well- fprcad trees, and the iiwns are covered with clean uniform tnf, producing fine tre- foil, and variety of flowers. There j.rej.c kaft io,qeo cattle hire, 'bat are all mil.: white, pxcept their ears, -/.hich are browu taincd bv the l'ri!iiiy-houfe. Here ifiii'' take in tbciv lw,idii)g of coal, and oth. i thi-u's which are brought from Ncwcar.ii., Lnn:'i. Ih. W. lat. 5 5. 6. N. Tu:f/K.i>A, a town of Africa, m Jii''- dulgcnd. Ttatcd on a river of the lame viarne, fertile in dates, corn, and barlo', and aboundinj; in indigo. Lon. 6. 13. ^\ • !at. 27. iC. N. ' Tiiiiv!A£, a. large and ftrong tovvn (i Afvic, ■'WiSiMDWi*- r I N Tlierc are nlfo a vaft num^f,' wliith arc cufily caui;bt, ;inf1 t^ both i:i txctcdindy good, btrnl: f will! hoj.j'i, wIK'Ic (Itlh is iklir,,',. the woods arc prodij^iims quan. :ocoi-niits, cabbaj>i--trcts, guavois, cct and limr (iranges, and brci,'- hich thu (kilirs pitfcr great !v fhip's brciid. It i;row» on ,',! the bran.".iu!>, ii> more long t'n.ii bcinj^ covered with a rou,;h rin I loiit ftvtn or eipiu inchc, lone;, -oi.t for ufe wlun lull growi' but n it pe. Tiicrc aie alio « /ctablcs. or the fcurvy ; liich t.f >Vut. Tni- idtlioii, ctccp'mi; purii.on, niii.i, af., and fnrrtl. Tiicre arc nnw i.ibit.mts, bii'. lucre wiTe ■^o.cs-', fr:; taken a'vay by the S)jani.ird5 'j id.inds, ana particularly CJii.iin. art? many ruins of a particulir confiding of t\vo rows of rqu.in; idil pillars, each pilb.r being aboi,*. t fr.ir.i the next, and the Uiftanic en the rows is li feet; on the tv,) 'i there is a Ctmiglobe, with a tl ■ ; upward, and they ar'.; v'ur.poi'n; \ and ftone cemented t;;;:ethe.'. The iv extremely healtlirul, /or th- ire not continual, but fall in frtqu-;it liin;.j (howers. There arc nortuam-, 1(5 water of the wclb and i'piiii^'. .■ ncly ;;ond. The princip.il iiicoi.vi.-- c ariresfrrin thenuniberof ninikit. t , ith'.-r kinds of flies; and there .n!. ife infei^-! cal'.ed tic!;s, wtiith faPu . the limbs and bodi.s of men, a:. ! their heads under their (kins ; Im,i •orll of all is, that the void is inrfv- nr, and, in fome I'cafons, mere is !:; ■ iru-ity l'(ir a I'hip ar uuthor. L.on. o. E. lat. 1 5. o. N. N.MouTH, a feaport of Nortluiii^ ■ nd, fcatcd at the nioiith of ilie rivn ;, nine mile: F.. of TS^e\vcaft!e. Jt 1. ; le, feated on a very hij'ii rock, ina'- le on the feafide, and well mounu 1 cannon. I'litre is a bar aerofs iIh- h of t'.ie river, which is not nbov 1 feet deep at low water. There i'r; crous rocks about it, Ciilkd the IV. ; '-. lins ; but to i^uidc the fhips by ni;''i are l!,;lirlioures fet up, and m.;iri • d bv the Triniiy-houfe. Here ftip'. in tbcu- iiiading &f coal, and oi!i. i s which arc broui^ht from Ncwcaf.Ii, '1. If). W. lat. ?5. 6. N. W/KDA, a town of Africa, in B'lh- ;ri, which are joined by a ftone bridi;e of a fingle arch. There arc fome remains of the ftone wall; by which it was formerly fur- rounded, and tviiieh, with an adjoining firtrefs, were built by Ludovico Sforza, »i;ainft the incurlions of the Grifuiis, but were difniantled by the latter, when they nrijuired pofTeflTion of the Valteline. Tlu (t.iplc cummercc of this town confifts in the exportation of wine and filk. Near rlie t(>wn on the other fide of the Adda, is the magnificent church of tlie Madon- na, or Virgin Mary, mueh vifited by the Catholic pilgrims. The malfacre of the Protedaiirs of the Vahellne, in 1620. be- fran in this town. It is 17 miles S. W. of J'ormio. Lon. 9. ^f'. E. lat. 46. 12. N. ''■ TiKF.r, a lrn;ill but rich illand of Scot'and, one of die Hebrides, lying to the S. \V.(.fCoI, and noted for its marble quarry and a handlbme breed of little horfes. Tii; t.KS!ONr, a village of Auftrian l^rabant. It was fornurly one of the moft confiderable places in Brabant, but lias lieen ruined by the wars. L- is feated on the river Gee^, over which are feveral bridges, 11 miles S. E. of Louvain, .and 2'^ S. E. of Brulfels. Lcn. ;. 8. E. lat. 5C.4S.N. TiRXAU, a firing, handfomc, and con- fiderable t'i'vn in I') per Hungary, in the ■county of Neitra, It is a large v. ell-for- T I T tified place, felted on the river Tiriin, five mill* VV. of Leupulltadt, and iz N. IC. of I'rcdiurg. Lon. 17. 3>j. E. lat. 41J. 14. N, Tiuoi., a county of Germany, in the circle of Ali!^rii,and purt nf die hereditary dominions (jf t!iat huiife. It i> 150 milen inliPLjihand 1 10 in breadth. There arc a great many mountains in this country, and yet it prodtice^ ,is much ccjrn and wine as the iiihubiuints have (Kcafion for. Mhey il'ave rich mines of j'.old, tiiver, and copj'ci, and it coni.iins 2j titits and large towns. Tliey never rii.ingf the fadiion of tlicir garments, and.uean indulb'ious people, i'Ut very obl\iinitc. Tbtre ii better huntiiijj i)f the chamois here tiian in any oiher cfHintry ; but this diverfion is fomevvhat dangerous, on uccouut of the rocks wbicli they take to. This country is divided into faur parts ; '['irol, properly fo called, die bilhoprie of 'I'rent, the bilhojiric of Brixen, and four of the provinces of Suabia, wliich are united to the Tirol. It is bounded on tlie N. by Bavaria ; on tlie Is. by Carinthia, and the archbilhopric of Saltzburg ; on the S. Iiy part of the territory of Venire, and Trentino; and on the W. liy bwiderland, and the country of t!ie Grifons. Inlprutk is ilie capital. Tjtan, or Cauvhos, an illand of Frsnci;, in the Mediterranean, the mod eaflern of the Hiere-:. TniCAiA, an illand of S. America, in I'eiu, in the audience of Los Cli.ircos. It lies in a lake of tilt: f'.me name, vvhicll is one of the largeli in S. Ameriea. Tl T.MiiN iNG, a town of Germany, in the archbilhopric of Saltzburg, and on the confines of Bavaria, feated on the river Siltzn. It was aimoft rendered del'olate by the jilague in 1310, and was reduced tua:hcs by lightning in ijT' > I't-'t 't has been lince reiiuilt. TiTCiirii:i.i), a village in IlampOiirc, fix miles E. of Soutliampton. It lind fir- merly an ai)'i'ev, on the fte of which is Titchticid Houfe, eredcd by lord Wriothefl'.y, in the reign of Henry VIIL At this li!iU!e Ch .ties I. vva-i concealed, in his flight from Hampton Court, in 1647. Stovvc fays, that, when an abbey, this was t!;e place where the marriage of Henry Vr. with Mjrgaret of iVnjou wasf, Icin- ni/.ed. G'cat part of this ancient • an- fion has been taken down. Titchfcld it feated on a fmfJI river, which falls into the mouth of Soiubampton Biv. TiTVL, a rtrong town of Upper Hun- gary, in the Cc)unty of Bxirog. Itisfca*- ed f!n th.e rivtr Teilfe near its coniluence with the Danube, ?. 3 miles E. of Pctcf- waradin, and 20 N. W. of Belgrade. Lun, io. 34. E. lat. 4^. 30. N. U U 4 TlVER- TLA T O C T'^'^RTOK, 1 borough of Vcvftndute, enltivatH, except on the top, wtiuh It ij. wifh .1 mirktt o.i Tiiel'ihv- It ii iV^ted on ih- river Ex.ovrt- whirh i^ ,i IiukIotic fi.infi hrid(,'f. Ir has fuftcri,'.! j^i-ntly by fire, h:uiii^ been ;ilinofl burnt dawn five- ml times; piirticularly in June 1713, when ICO of il.c bft^ lioufcs v.cro dc- ftrnytd. Ir is now built in ;i more f!e- gmt tsftc, SH'l they Iwvc ;i new church rrrf^eA by fubrcriotion. It hai been notid for ir-, grtit woollen m:'r, of (jrcaitr iuniqi.ity tl in Koiiu' it- felf, buini; the ".ncicnr Tobiir, "■(•.ich, lI'Tirc fay;;, was founded 'w :i Grecian colony. It was the f^vriiritcc'iunr. v u. fulc.uc of the ancient Romans, as I'lrf- cati is of the modernr-. Tn'c ir t!;e hottom of the cm;ii:ni;e on which Tivuli iiands ire tlic rain': of the vail ard inai^iiifi mt villa baili by the unptror Adriiin." ()i!!':r luurtrious P.nnians b.i 1 alio rhtir vill,.; hrre ; as Julian C.i;("ar, Cains C.iHias. AuCulUis, the poets Car'illus and Vru- pcrtiiis M-Bccnas, $ic. Horace is thought to hivc coinpofed grrai pail 'f his wnrhs in fl'.is favourite rt treat. N;;ar Tivoli is ,1 cclcbralcd cilLade, a Sibyl's temple, a mignificint villa V.Ionp'nL' to the duke of Mcdcna, cnllcd iir Villa Kfttnfe, and the rem;irkahlc lake of S 'IfaMra. Tivoli is felted on ihc river Tevtronc, i- milts N. E. of Rome, and to N. F,. of rrelcan. Lon. (1. 43. F. lit. .^l, ?n. N. See Sol- r XTAitA and 'I'EvfWiovi;. » TtASCALA, a con'":derable town of N. America, in New Spain, capital of a province of the fafnc name, wltii h ninktii pnrt of the audience of A'lexiro. The i'lhs- bitanti are the native Americans antl Spa- niards ; but it is not lb comldera'ole now as it wa< formerly. Tt is fcatxl on a river, partly on a mountain, and partly on a plain, fti miles S. E. of Mexico. Lon. 99. I. W. lat. 16. 30. N. Ti.ASCALA, a province of N. America, in New Sj)ain, bounjcd on the N. by the gulf of Mexico; on the S. by the pro- vince of Guaxaca and tlie South Sea ; and on the W. by the tovt-rnirent of Mexico. In the wefttrn pnrrs of this pro- vince is the mountain of Tlal'cala, 1 1 miles in circumference w,»y» covered with fnow. There are aim other m'>untain> covered with trcei, where- in arc tigers and monkici. The princi- pal tmvn i, of the fimc nnmc. Ton\i;o, the inoft l)Utluvird of the ill 11, S 1:1 the Weft Indite, and ilie nioH ealhvard except Barbados, It is 32 miles long from S. \V. to N E. and about nine br.iad. T!ic climate i; not fo hr t as mi'jht be expeftcil from its fitii ition I'o near the equator ; nor i» it vifiteil by fuch dreadful hurricanes a . frei|utntly defi'hte the otiur idaiidi. It u agreeably liivcrfilicd with hill. and val'js, and is equal in nchncls .f prodiiC', to any of the illandi mi thele ftas. At iIk. pcice of Aix la-Chanelle. in 17.,;}, it^aj dtcl;>red a ncii'ial il'ir, i ; but by th.it cf Paris, in n^i, was ct !•-(! to the' Lui^'lilh. It was taki:i b, the Frtiith in iT'ti.^aiil oiifirintd to rheni by the pe.;cc of I'ai-i^ in i7«3 ; b v tt \;\v takm by tho Eni;lilli, April ij, !-(); It is 120 miles S. it H .■.Indoes, L u. cj. 0. W. hr. 11. n. N. ■ T')nAi;o, Lri fi. E, an idand near the N. K. cxtreniity of Tobaj,o, It )f, two null, loni;, and a mile brorid. Tohoi.sk, a confulerable I'jwn o*' the Rullian emp'rc, ca,i'al of Siberia, aud ' f the government of Tobilfk. It is feittj on a hijih hill, < t' vafi extent, at the hot. torn of which the river IrtyC. rjns ; and ii iuhabiteil -y M ihometan Tartars and H."-!i.i;t., who drive a great trade on thst .-ivt:. -inH carry their jjoods to China. The Iv.Hifes are low and mean. Her' thi- r'.vcr Tobol joi.is the Irtylh, and from It the town has its name. Tb,e Tartars that ii\t .ound this town for I'c- vcral n>l!e. ar<' .dl Mali Miietans, but thur miifti is an A'abiin. Tl..re arc alfu « fjrtat number of Calniuck Tartars, win* lervc as flavcs. The Riiii'ians commonly fend tliLir Aate prifoners hither. It i; Soo mile.; ¥^. of Mofcjw. and 1000 E. of l'etcri>;ui;r. Lon. 68. iG.E.lat. ;'.. 12. N. " ToBOlsK.a govcrntneiii- of Ruifi;', which comprehcnd!'ome town of Turkey in Afia, iii Natolia, capital of a provi'.ce of the lame name. The lioufts arc h^indlbmcly built, and for the motf part two ftories high. It maker, a vtry odd ap- pearance, and is in the form of an amphi- theatre. There are two rugged pcrpcn- diculir rocks of niaible, with an old calUe upon each. The Ihccts arc prettv w.ll paved, which is an uncommon tiiini; in thefe parts. There arc fo many Itreains, that each lioufe has a fountain, and y«;t It is well peopled and they were not able to extinguilh a fire wliich •-m>imiefi i ^'j^: f »?ML%'^^f-VS*'S>.^'Ssi ~ T O C , except on the top, \\Iiii,h [% ij, ercd w ith fnow. There are ili'n intaimcMvered vviili treci, whcre- (;crs anil nionkici. The piiiici- i, "f the fimc inmc. (JO, the inoft Imthvvinl of the the VVl'H Iiiiht^, aiul ilje moll except R,irba(li)e<. It is 32 miles n S. \V. to N E. and abwt nine T!ic climate i;; not lb hr t :»s mii;ht '^tcil from Its liUiuinn lo near ifje , noi- i» it vifiteil hy (iich Hreadfu! c. n . frf(|utntiy del'iiite the otiur It ib ii^rctably liivcrfilud with hill. , and IS ti]ual in i ichntls .ifproduc', fthc illandi in thtic ftas. At iIk. Ai\ U-Chiinillt, in 17.;^, it\^,^3 A ncufial il'iii I ; but iiy th.it ct I n^i), vas cf !'. ::> hm\i, and a mile brond, r-i.sx, a confulcrable fj-.vn 0'" the emp'rc, ca,i':d !>f Siberia, aiid 'f :rnmciit (if Tulvilfk. It is feittj h hiil, ' f vart cvtinf, at the bot. \<.hicli the river Jrtyl*. rjns ; and iitcd y Milininetan Tartars and , who drive a great trade <^n thjt .iiH carry their jjnod? to China. ufis are low and mean. Her' or T'bol joins the Irtylh, aiu! the town has its n.imc. Th,e ihat li\c .ound this town for It - lies ar<' .ill Mall Miu-tans but thtir s an A'.ihi;:i. Tl..-rc arc alfu a umber of Calmiick Tartars, wim fl.iVts. The RiiUians c"ininoiily iLir ftate pril'onera hither. It i; a E, of Molcjw, and looo E. uf ur;:. I.on. 6S. lo. K. lat. ;'.. 12. N. OBOlsK.a 2;overntneni- of Riiifii!, coiniirehcnds the wcitcrn part 1 1 • It i divided into the two pro- )f Twholfk and Tomf^.. 'AT, H hiigc and hapdi'omc town of ^ in Afia, iii Natolia, capital of a e of the fame iianic. The hoiif'ts dfomcly built, and fur the molt part ries high. It maker, a vtry odd ap- ;c, and is in the form of an amphi- , There are two nigged pcrpin- rocks of niaible, with an old calUe aeh. The Ihccts arc prettv wvll which is an uncommon tiiinp; in 5arts. There arc fo many I; reams, leli houfe has a foinnnin. and y«t vcic not able to cxtinguilh a fire which T O I. T O L which oticc happcnad here. There are hfl it the rlchcft .1 >l niol> rmfidrm'le ia »bout io,.ir,o Tuikidi f.imi'in, 40c 1 Ar meuiaiifHiniliti, an l400f'i»iiidit»i I'ti.trk"*. Thtn arc 11 rvir-jittj, and a valk non.W ofchipel'. T!iv Amieiuans have kviii fhurchc^, And ih. (i.xcks inily o.a. I'.e- fule the fiik dr. uted into the Upper and Lower. 'I'oi.KDO, an ancient, hand''ome, and tra.lin;; city of Spam, in New- Callile, r.f wiiich it was formerly the capital. It is nuvanta^icoufty feated on the rivtr Tajo, which itirroiinds it on two lidcs ; and in the land lide it has an anciont will built by a Gothic king, and flanked wiih 100 towers. It is feated on a mountain, which renders the ftrects uneven, and wliicli are narrow ; but the houl'es are tine, and there Spain. It Is n;titin.'; u( largn tlinnvnd. an I Mhcr j,\\i.!s, U he wvij^tit of the i\ i!d in the rrown is 1 -, rounds. The vell't 1 \" hicli c intains the con.ecratvj \- if r '^of Ijlver ii'.h, as hi,,h as a man, and lii heavy, tliat it requiie* ^o men to eariv it : within it is ano'nir < f pine ^;o!J tnriei.eil with jewrls. H.'rc arc j.i reli. idoiis h'lufc'., in !l if \\huh arc w..rthv a tiavcller's notitj, with a ijreai iioinbjr cf chi.r'.hes beljii/ini' 10 j; paTill;e;-, a'l.l I'l.ivie hofpitiils. \\'it!lo',!* tlif town ari.- tlu' riTi'ins of un ampliithci:rre, and other u'uiqaiticr. It ha? an arLl.lilll.op's fee a f i;;iou; univerCf- , .iii# llvcral tiiair.ifai... Mriea of llik.and w) I. It is pltalaiitly Ic.i'td, 37 miks S. ot Madrid. Lou. 3. 1 5. W. lav. 3y. ;o. N. Toi i.N, a town "f the Dutch Nether- lands, ill Ze.iland, in an ilLnd of :l.c lame name, nvr Hrabanr, fn.m which it i> li.- parat.d by a canal, on which tins place is ieated, f.ve miles N. W. of l>i.ri;cii-cp" Z"'im. Lon. 4. 10. E. lat. 51. 30. N'. Tcii.ENTt.NO, a ti\,ii of Italy, in the t'-rntriry of the Pope and manjuilate of Aneara, with a billiop", lie. Jt i;. the p'.ice where the relics of St.N'ieho- las an/ kept, and is Itattd 011 the river Chi'jn.to, cifTlit r,.i!e. S. E.of St. Stvcrinn, and SS N. i'.. uf Ryiiie. Lon. 13. 11. E. Lt. 43. I J. N. ToLKbBvitc;, a fcaport of RulTia, in the government of I'.iga, fe-.led nii the fnilf of Finltnd, Co mdes W.of Narva. Lon. 26. -vE. lat. 55. 3^. N. ToLliUYs, a to.vn of the United Pro- vincis, in Gaelierland, feated on the \hinr, ei;.;'it milii K. of Ninit^uen. Lon. 6. o. E. K.t. ;i. 56. N. Toi.Mt:/./'^, 1 town of Italy, in the territory of Venice, and province of Fri- uli, ^o miles N.E. of Bell.ino. Lon. ij. arc a great number of fiipcrb llrufturi-s, 50. E. lat. 46. 30, N. bciule 17 public fetuares, wliere the mar- Toi.n'IA, a town of Lower Hungary, kes arc kept. The linell buildings are capital of a county of the fame name, fhe rcyal cattle, and the cithcdral i vhich feated on the river Danube, in a country producing if TOM trodiicint; excellent wine, ei;;1u nvks S. V. ot'Coluc/n, and 41; S. i>( Uuik. Lon. 19. 1^1. K. lat. 4f). 33. N. To !,<)/. A, H town )r (I.incj. 'iiw/ will not admit any Jew«, n'lr I'urtVr aily i« deal vsith thum. Inftcad if mincy, th' y make life of lltvlU and fmall bits of golii. Uoth men niul woinvn are vrry fonil of dancin,; and fpcnd a j^riat part of thf niglit in that txertifc. In the I'rocccd- ini;i of the African Aliociation, il.i* place iMocntioncd as a luxi;. it)ii», opulent, bridi'cs, and mar them arc I'cveral naftiral and llounlhins^ city, fuhjoCl to a Icvciu cnfcades. It ii 3- mile* S. VV. of \U. p'hcc, and, a< hich, nrtta.'tini; the ricr- yonnc, 47 S. K, «( Hilboa, and ai. N. VV. of I'nnpcliina. Lon, s. j. W. lat. 4^. 10. N. Tr)i u, a town of S. Amcrira, in T^r- va Kirma, and in the (»overnmcnt of (Jar- tha^^cni ; faiii'im for the fine balfain of Tola, bro'ijjht to Kun.petlirtice, and pro- ilnccd from a tree like a nine. It it lent- ed en n bay of the );iilf of Mlaic), f: "if the Sun, v.'h lU' walls, t; the Spaniarii. preund, wcit covered with gold. It bi?) miles S. uf Q^ilo. LoH, 77. 50. VV. lat. .'.. if). S. " Tomsk, a t'>\vn of the RnlTim citi- pirt, in bibcria, in the j.;ovcrnmeut of TohoKk auJ pruvini',c "f Tomlk. Jt con- tains above 2090 houlis. On the hi;;htlt iil.V.n, at the (-M of the mountains, where part of the town ilnnd.s a wo'-den calUc, there is a tafiic belonging to the kniglui defended by 14 pitici ul cannon ; r.nd m ofChrirt, 40 niile«. S. ti. of Coimbra, and it are a cathedral biiiU of wood, the jjo- 6-^ N. K. of Lilbun. Lun. 7- iS- W. lat. 39. ,0. N. • ToMBFC, a town of Auflrian IJrabant, cia;h' mil <: S. of Lonviin, and 10 K. of JDniHels. I. on. 4. 49. E. lat. so. 4v ^'• 'I'o.MUEKi.AiN I., a fmall iflmd, with a town of the Ciiiu; name, on the coaft of Kormandv, in France, lying on a I'niill piilf between Avranchcs and St Malo. This idan:!, as well as that of St. Michael, in which there is a monalleiy, arc every tlay joined, at low water, to the ntainland. TrtMKucTOL', a kingdom of Africa, vernnKiit ciiaiuery, and an -trfenal. 1 lie iiili liii'ant!. carry <>n a j,'reit trade, thi'. town lying on the gr^at r;i;.d tluoujjh all tlic E. and N. parti of Siberia. It i» leaf- ed oa the river Tom, 105 miles E. S. K. < f Tobolik. Lun. S4. ;v E. lit. ;-,. 4v ^'• 'roNDi.!u:N', or TrsDi.Kt.N.a town of Uenmarl. , in the duchy of Slelwick, and capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, with a ftrong fort. It is featcd on the river Widaw, in a fertile coui^try, and on a bav of the German Ocean, 15 imk.; S. E. of Ripen, and 30 N. VV. of Slcl'vvick. in Ne/roland, which lies to the S. E. of Lon. 9.43- E. lat. 54. 5S. N. the preat delert of Zalura, and W. of the Tonga rAHOO, one of- the Friendly empire of Caflina. The houfps in this Illands, about :,o Itagi >;s m circuit, fome-- cont'try are built like bells, with walls cf what oblong, broadtll at the ealt end. and liuidlcs plaiftercd with chv, ar,d covered its greatell length from caft kj well. The with rtedi. They are the fame in the fouth ilu're is ilraight, and coniifts of cord city of Trmbuflon, where there is one rocks eight or ten feet high, terinina^in,' Hatelv mohiiie built with ftonc, as well perpendicularly: while the whole north •IS a royal palace. There are a great nmn- luie i> environed with fl^oals and iflanils, ■ ■ ' " ■ ■ ■ and the ih.'re within them low and landy. Here is alio the bell haibour, or anchur- ing-place.to be found among thefc ifland-i. It Is nearly all of an equal licight, not t>:- ceediiig 60 or Ko feet above the level of tl'.e lea. Hence it is wholly laid out in plantations, with road.i or lanes for tra- VLlling, dil'pifed in lb judicious a n.anntr, as to open" an cafy communication {nt>\\ one part to another. It has alfo the ad- vain.igc of being the feal of govcin.nent fur ber of wt avers of cotton cloth ; and hither the cloth and other merchandifc arc brought by caravans from Hirbarv. Tiie bettrr fort of women have their faces a- vercd, thrir religion being Mahainiii.anii'in. Thtre arc many rich merchants ; and water is conveyed to the town by canals when the river Niger is overflowed. They have great plenty of corn, cattle, milk, and butter. The king has 300 horfemen, bclldc a.great number of foot, TON lucntly take npfi»e», and fell tic mcrchints f,r (i.ucs. They limit any Jcwi, n.r luftVr ai»y ti Irhcm. InrtcHil ,( ni.iuy, ili, y l«i IIh-II'. Hnd (null hits of goitl. In ;iiul wotn'.M iirc vrry f»n.l of [■mil ijicnel ,1 j;r,.ir part of the rlut txcrtilc. In the I'rncccl- J the Afnc.in .AliiKrmion, tl.u |i'nt,„nu) >. DLUiiN, or TLNIItUKN.a tuwn iiai;.. in the duchy of Sltfwick, t-dot a bailiwick of tlit Came na:i;e-, ftroii- f„rt. It is featcd on the idaw, in a fertile cougtry, and on tlic Geinian Oecan, z\ imk ^ S. [len, and 30 N, VV. of Slehvici. >o. E.lat. 54. 5S. N. JATAHOO, one of- the Friendly about r.o Itagi >js in tir^'ait, fome'- :)ni,', broadclt at the e:i:t i ud. and ll length from call ui well. The re ii.arai-iit, and conllfts of cor. I ht or ten feet hii^h, terininahr. ; :ularly: while the whole nwrtli nvironcd with flw.iis and ifland*, i'>re witliin them low and fane!/, iilo the bell harbour, or anchor- , to be found amoni; thefe ifl.inds. ly all of an equal height, not ex- o or So feet above \hc level of Hence it is wholly laid out in s, witli roads or lanes for tra- lipifed in To judicious a nianutr, n an eafy communication frtxn o ano;her. It ha, alio ttie ad- t btin^' the feai of goycuMient for .'I. •«*■«■«« TON " ''■ (ot all the o.!;er il1..iul4, and i!ie ordinary ri lideiici I'f all the jirincipal chiefs. Luii. 17^, ^, W. lit ti. ). S. ToNiii KKs, or T<>sf;r.rFsr, a fovvt> of Ginn.inv, in the bilhoiiric nf {,li;ic. It was aneientlv a very totifidi rabic p! ue | hut taken aii.l difniantlcd Uy the l-'ren. li 111 i()7j. It ii katid on the river Jick^r, iz miles S. VV. of Maci^ncht, aiii 15 \V. of I.ie[>e. Tdm.iisiaN';, a people who inln'ii: thceifterii p.irt if Sibciia, and are fuh- y ft to the Ruliian'. Thty are all l'.i(;an«, ai:d rhitlly fubnil bv graiini;, and hi.ntinj; of fables, whole (kwiii .ire very blacl;. They live in hut", compufcd of wooden p(j|e'. } and when tlicy remove liieir d'vil- imgii, tliey take tliein down, and let the Ml tip t-l!cwhrrc. They are covered uU over with hair and rulibilii, and there is a hole left at '.I'.e top to let out the finoke. Tlicir fire h nru'e in tl-.e inidvllc, ioid they fit all lound It upon turf:), Hoth lexe» are very Ihi'nj;, and broad-faced, and they all ride en h'.ri'ebatl;, nut exceptini; tiic ^jirls. IJutli 11. en and womtn drcfs alike i-.i ,1 '.ore of froik, with boots of (kiiH 011 their lij', and their coiiini-in drink is water. ■ TliNN'AY li'JUlC.VNK, a town of Friiirr, in the department of Lower Charti.ie and l.iie province (f Sainicnge, fi-ited on the liver Houtonne. Lon. o. 34. VV. lat. 4^ <;6. N. To- ;r-,y Ciiarf.ntf, an ancient and coniui, ' ible to\yn of l''r.aKe, in the de-« p.irtir.ent <>( Lower Ciiarente and lute province of Saint'.)ni;e, with a cafllc. It )> featid on ih.: river Charen'e, t!:rce inihs from Rochefort, and a 53 S. VV. of Paris. Lon. o. 46. VV. lar. 41;. cp. N. ' ToNvr. !.vs, a fmall to\\n 1 T Franre, in the department of Lot and Garonne and lite provii.ce of Guienne. it U Seat- ed on the Garonne, two miles frnin its juni'li 111 with the Lot, and feven miles E. of r.larmande. ToNNKKRi;, an ancient town of France, in the department of Yonne and late pro- vliicc of Burgundy. It is the birthplace of the celebrated Madcmoifelle d'l'.on, cenfor-roy il, d iftor of laws, advocate of the parliament-, captain of drajjoons, fc- cri-iarv of euibdly, niiiiitfer- plei'poten- fiary to tlie court of Great liriiain, and author of many methodical and judicious writii.j's on polities in r^eneral, w hich Have been eoUeiteu in 13 volumes 8vo. under the title of Lofin d't Q: (veil on account r,f thi- number u\ iuiiibiiaiui, ^^ the riehci ic contains, m\\ the tride it carries on. Tin country is thitk-tet with villiij'i-,, and tho natives in general are of a midilhiv; Ititure, and ele m-hmbed, with a tawny ciinplex* ion. Their faces arc oviil and llattiili, ami their nofes \\x\\ lips well propoirioned. Their hair is biack,|on(^, lank, andciirCe j .ind thc> Kt it han^ down their Ihmildcrs. They die i.ieir teeth black. They art j^tncrally dextorous, ai'tivc, and in^eniou* in mechmic arts. Tlv.-y weave a iiiulti- tudc of line filks, and in..ke rurinis lackert works, whie; arc exported to otlicr coun- tries. There is fuch a luimlicr of people, that many want empbyment, fcjr tney iVIdom 1,1 til work but when toreis^n /hips arrive. The money and goods liroiight hither by the Eiiglilh and Duteh put th'.m in ::("ti m, frr^tiity have n.t money of their own fufFieitht to ei):;;loy them. felvcs ; and therefore one tlurd at lealt niiift be ..dvanced beforch.uid by tlio merchants ; imd the (hips mud Hay hero till the j;;i)d'; aie finiihed, vhicli is gene- rally live or fix mortlis. They are load- dirted to gaminif, rliat when every thiuj^ elfe i,. lolt, they will Hake their wives and children. The garments of the Tonijui- iitfc are made either of (ilk or cotton ; but the p(or people and (Mdiers wear only cot- ton of a dark tawny colour. Their houll-s are finall i,\\\ low, and the walls either of mud, or hurdles daubed over witii clav. They have only a i;round_ floor, with two or three partitions, and t-ach room has a I'quare hole to let in the lij^ht. Ti;ey have llools, benches, and chairs ; nnd on tho tide of a table is a little ;iltar, with two inccnfc pots thereon, which no houl'e is without. The villages conhit ut hi. "-ct hi'':i, nv.r.'c u f b I'K-;; wliich be vci-v ri-'h ; bur tbcy arr in jjcncral very poor, the chief truk- bcin.:^ c.rri^il on by thf Cliinelt, FM-jrlilh, and Dinoh. Tiie goods iiiiporu-d licfili; lilvcr, are (iiit- jittrc, (ulphur, Eii;^liili broiid cloth, pep- per, ("jiiccs, and great gun'. This king- dom i'.'an a'l'okitc niornrcay. TdS'sBKKC, n leayiort ur Nurv/ay, in tlic province of Aij'j'.riiiiys, 30 milts \V. of FrcixrickflaUi. L^n. jo, ic. K. Int. j8. frrvis t') fcciirc their goods, in ci-.e or fire. The virinci,;^! ihects arc vtrv ^vide, and ymv.d \vit!i i'liv'll ftnnts. Tl't l^inj- of Ti.nquin li;is ilir?:e pnUccs in i", Inch .-.s 50. N. tiipv arc ; und iir;;r them are IIj'.jIls fnr 'I'oonovAi, an ifund in the S. Pacific his '!;ort'(:3 '.inc! el-jphanrs. Tlie houfe of Oecjn, difcoveredb,' ca;)t. Cook. It i; n.)t the Er.glilh l.iUory i5 tbcbclV in tlie city. 1, drcovered by capt, ^lircftion, above fivt The people in ^'I'lu'ial sre courteous to ftr'.n<;ers. ; but thf ;;ie.ir men r.'.-e haughty and "ambitions tha lo|-!ieri inlbUnit, and the poor thicviih, Tiiey buy all rbiir wivc', (if which TJie great men have fe- veral ; but the poor ::re frmfcd for want: of mincv. In hard tinier the men \vi,l fell both tluir \vivc« and chi^!rer, ro buy rice to mainvnin theiiiftlves. When a man Hies he is buried in his c.vn (ground, and if he wa? maiUr of a f.'irai'y, tb -v make a great feaft. The tirO rev rnc.n in the yiar, ihar happen-; afn-r t:ie mid- dle of J'tuu-kv, r. a great fcftiva! ; '.vhen the V rejoice for 10 or i; .d on the lied Sea, wi'h a n;ood bar b i;irdefc!!;iiii bv a caftl-j. There !•? a liatid I rl- Id r,i'..e into :rea f^.'^ rft hiivv.fi: ^'irdenof wbic 13 cit ir. Their rclii/i -n U /rcamlin, and yet 'hey own a Saprei::c B.-in,'. Their idoN have hnni-n ibapes, bur bi ycrv diillrent forfns. Tiicy have liken i!e ror..o t'laced tim! and hcrl'cs Ls budt ef -ery i"uch in tb; tb.c >vordj. :.Tc pr.-- ■ vccih : ir has a prcitt the Cbiiiefe. they rtiinr;, and their clia- "o' rele'idilinn; ek'phants in (mall low tempi. The lan^".'.a;!;e i-s i\ throat, and foti'e 1 *■ nounced throu ,•,!'. refeir.l)lancc v.-j;l have fchoil.i oF i rn'iter-, ajrc the fatrsc, or like thofe of Chitta ; ".r.d I'l-.o them tliev write \'-ith a hair pencil. Tliey have fi.veral mech:.n;c arts or trades, inch ns fniirhs, c;.rpen- tcrs, fawvers, j :iners, turnc-s, wcivcrs tailors, pott.r-^, painters, iticn! yehnng- trs, r„piriiiiik(.rs, 'vorkers n la,.ke'', and bell-found. Ts. The roir.ru ti ies are gold, mulk, nik>, calicoes, dru^s of many forts, wood-> for dvinj:;, lackered wave.-, earthen v.-arf«, fait, anilo.-d, and worm- feed. Tb.e l^.ckcrcci ware is not in'-'crior to that of J pan, which is acco\tnrcd the bed in the world. Witli all their mer- chandift one would expert the people to I'liiie vJreek convent, in the ; are f tinttiin', of Litter ^'i.i'cr. xvliic'i ttu; pref-.;id arc tlv^fe wbioh Mofes rcnderc Iwe^-', h',' throw in;; in a piece of wooi S--.re think that tli't: town is the r.ncieii E'>on. Lon. 33 4;. K.lat. 2«. 27. N. TfflltHAY, a fine bay of tb.e En;;lil Cl.rnncl, on the coall of Dcvonlhire, ii'il; t<' the r.. of Darimoulh, formed b tu.i ca-". = , e-.lltd Burv-ri'int and Bob iaiv: here t! priruc of Oran[ S, when he c nr It V 1 in N ovi.r from Hol!:;->d, by the imitatim 1 runy principal pcrfons, to prcfeivt fr;;:'i popery and arbit-ra''y r-o'.vtr. ToRBOJ.E, a town of It.;, v. in t' biflinpiic of Trct;t, 14 mites S. K. oft) citv of that name. L,on. 11. kj. E. !: 4c;:r,.N. . ToRCF.ir.o, a fmall town of Iridy, the teu-itory of Venice, It i'^ tbin of pr pie, on arei.unt of the unv. h'-lefome a h is fcatcd in a fmall illind. feven miles ' of \'' nice. l-."n. 1 1. 9. F, Ut. 4t. 31, N. ToiiDt'.siLL A'i, a forti.hed town Spain, in Leon, with a large and irai/i ficcnt palace, where eiuceii Joan, inoth of Charles V. ended her melancholy da; , . i.v f^atcu in a country fertile in corn ;i \\\ P T O R hi vci-v ri.-h ; imt tbfv nr.'- in ^^cntral very poor, t!ie chief truk- bcin,:^ c-.rri^il on '.;;/ tilt Cliine!t, rM-L'!ilh, ar.d Dutch. Tiie jjocds iiuporied riclrlc- lilvcr, arc (:i!t- pttrc, (ulphur, Eii^lilli brniid cloth, pep- per, ipifcs, aivl great gun>. This llinj- dnm i',- an a'l'oiute monarcay. TdS'sBKKG, n leapoi't or Norway, in the province of Aij'jtriniys, 30 milts \V. of Frci'trickflaUi. Lon. jo. 10. K. Ir.t. ;". 50. ". '1" octroi' A I, an ifiand in the S. Pacific Oiojii, difcoveri.;!!)/ capt.Cook. It is n.it, in anv J.ircftion, ,ibovc five or fix miles over. Srn:ill as it appear?, however, tliere m'c iillis in it of a co'.illder.-.blc c!cva;ion, co- vered witVi herbacrc, except a few r'':cky cli.'f's, with patches nf trees intcrfpcrferl to their fuminits. Thi<; illar.d is plentifully fiiKkfd with uor;s and fowl?, and producer fcveral kinds of fruits and roots. Lon. 140. 25- ''A', lut. 23. 25. S. Toi't;i,iKF, a town 'n the N. riding of Y-'rk'f.irc, feared on the river Swale, tip- on a ccnfidcrabk afcent, 14 milts N. ot" Yor!.. Tui'SH AM, a tn-.vn of Dcvnnfliire, wiih a mar!:ct on Sarurdav. It is feated on t!ie ri'. er l-^x, 5 miles S. K.of F.xtter, of which it i; the port. It i' iro miles S. W. '.t" LoikI'-h. l.on. 3. 26. \V. lat. -o. 30. N. Toil, a town of Arabia it '^a, fe'tud on the iUd Sti, with a p;ood har- 1- i.!;d.:t\!>;'ni by a caftl-j. Thi-rc r a liatid- l'>iiK iJrei k convent, in the garden of which are fountain', of bitter ^"l.itcr, xvhich tiuy pref'.nJ arc tlvife which Mofes rendered , I\-. ee', bv throw in;; in a pifce of wood. . S '■•:-■.; think that til'!-, town is the r.ncitut K>on. Lon. 33 4;. K.lat. 2??. J?.'^'^- ; ToiniAY, a fine lav of llie r'.n:;li!h I C?:.;'-;i tl, on the coatt of Pcvonlliire, a . i/;l ?<■ tlut }'.. of Dannionih, fornied iiy : tMo ca;''.% c'.llt:! Biuy-roint and Bob's - N ■;'■. It v;.s litre the priiKC of Orr;n[;.; t isf'.itd in Niivcu'^er ib-iS, vhcn he ciir.<." : ovi r from HoHrr.d, by the imiiatim i ." - n;ny principal pcrfons, to preftrvt u-; i tr.r'i popery and arbirra''y pc'vtr. ■>. ToRBOJ.E, a town of I(<;,v. in tb.e : liiihopiic of Trent, 14 mites S. K. of the - cttv of thiit name. L,on. 11. kj. E. Ir.:. , 4^1:6. N. ToRCF.ir.o, a fmaU town of lriJv< ni •, the tetritory i( Venice, It is thin of pro- e pie, on acctnint of the tmwh'-lefomc air. y It is fcatcd in a Irna!! illtnd. fevtn miles N'. :, of Venice. Lon. 12. 9. F. Ut. 41. 32, N. ToiiDi'.siLL A'i, a forti.hcd trAvn of ir Snain, in Leon, with a large ar.d majrni- le fieciu palace, where queen Joan, mothfr •- of CiiarlesV. ended her mejancholy dayt. :o , . i:> feateu in a country fertile in com and TOR vyins, oti the river Douero, over whleh is a handfon.e bridee. 14 '"''e' W. of V ,. - l.idulid, and :<; S. E. of Leon. Lon. 4. S''- VV. Ut. 41. 4*<-N. . ToiifiAW.a trwn of Gcrmanv, in me circle of Upper Saxonv, svitha lundu.me caftlc ; the ftaircafe of wliich is bmlt in Inch a manner, that a perfun may ride „n in a chiiie from the b'.rtom to the t'T- Here i' a verv flntirilhin r fchool ; and the inhabit mts maintain thcinielvesby brtWlP^; t^celltnt beer, ^^Hi..h thoy fend to other the rivir ftlbe, on which t.^c TOR --—^ place own is Seated. It is -' miles ^. i- ot .eipiicii k,and 3;N. W.of Drtrden. L-n. ,^.\. L. lat. 51. 3+->"'- . „ . , T'lKK.SA, a town ot France, in tltc department of the Channel and l.ite pro- vince of Norm.indv, uitii a masjmncent of Spain, in C-italonni, feaud near the luoutii of tiie river Ter, on the Medt- ttrrane.in, at the foot of the l^yrenccs, famous f..r a battle itaintd by ilic rrencii over the Spaniard., in 1694- It ii 47_ mile-, S. bv ii. of Perpi^'nan, and 19 \L. ot" Gironn-. ' Lon. 3- '>*• *'- '•'f- +'• ?'; ^^ T-))lotownc>fP.rtu,al,ini:.iran,adura. caftlcUatedona rivnlet ntarSt. L 1. i.on. (,„ront,ded bv walls. e, a.'. W. lat. 4.;. o. N. ToKMKS, a river of Spain, whica r.es in the mountains of Avila, in Caftile, palTesbv Alva, Tormis imd Sidamanea, ,ind falN into the Douero, below :>i!r:'.nu:- dc-D(.'.;cio. TouNA, cr Top.svw, a town e.t Upper Ihmgary, capit.d of a county ot the fime name, with a cal'.le. It is a tur- titicd placj, and is feated 011 the rivti; Si\0,upon an eminence, ;i miles W.ot Can'ovia. Lon. 10. 4?- E- '■•!'• 4-«- ?o- ^• ToliKEA, a town of bwcd.n, m 13itb- nia, capital of a territory of the fame name, with a good harlio'.ir. It is leated with a calUt. It is Imrout.ded by walls, and Itattd in a fertile plain, on the river a: .loiida, 3 miles N. of the Taj), and, c:; ;<. E. of Lilbon. Lm. .S. 8. W. iaf 39. n. N. i'oii.iis Vki>i(AS, a town nf Por- tULja., in ,^ i-',i'";--am(dura, with a hanulbme ^ id wei' (orti'ied ca:t!e, feated ntir the lea, - .mles from Lifoon, in a country abi.uiulins; m corn, fiaif., and (;ood wine- Ton KinM A, a town (if Iialy,_in the territory of Genoa, 1; miles W. of Ivl-jntc- Uw.ao, and 10 !>. of Genoa. ivJii. (5.44. L. lat. 44. 34. N. I'oitKiNi. ro.v, a to vn of Dcvonmtre, on the Wlttl a UOOO UilU'V'-.u. J I. •" , 7 b ,. ,• I wit I a marker onS;.riiidv northern coaft ot a t;ult ot n.c «'■-''' •r,,,.,;.^; :.,.. 'i It is feaicU »,..n.t a.t '"^ '^' . , . , y ,,1; rivti, and it is 1 1 mues 5. bv U. o; :s:;:ril;:;:rtrwa,i?:'"Tri:n;;:: Bamo,.;.., -md .9. w^ 1^ .. of London. .re low, and ''- -Id lo tesere ti.t Jcmie^ '"T.;\;M,.:V;:!:n of^wtd.n, m Sader- linies people l..e d.eu 1 o,.-^ .ud >o ^. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^_ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^,^^ ^^^^ ' ■'■ 'loi'.iOi.A, an ilUnd ..f the Vv'eft In::'.if5, and the principal nf liie Virgin Jdin.'.i. It i-i aiiout li inile'! lon;j from L. to \.'. and ai>)iJt Itv^n lu its gr:ateil Irvca^l'h. It formerly belontei to the lat. 6:,. ;i. N. ,., .^ . , TouNi- \, a river wn.eh talis 11 t!;o mountains of Norwav, crolfes t!ie la..t t..' Tornea, and falls into a pu'f gf the faaie name, tit the town of Toin.a. 'I'ORN-OVA. a town of Turkey m h i'- ropc, in Ta"'"' ^'■'''' " billiop's lee, le-.t- cd at the foot of Motmt Drayoniza, on titc rivtr Saiemju-i:;, 10 miles N. \V. of La- ti'Ia. Lon. 22. ?6. li. '.at. 39. 52. N. ToRO, a town of Spain, 1:1 Lciin, feated on a hill, on the river Doii.;fo, in a cci^mtry fertile in corn and fruits, a?i i wh.- ft 'vineyards vitid excelient red witie. It ii, 37 miles M.'by L. af tialamanca, and too N. W. of Madrid. Lun. 5. 2. Vv . lat. ;i. 39. N. TwRKi-J-A-DE-MoSGRis, a icsport Dutch, v.-iio built a ftroag fore in the bay, from wl.i^K they wcre expjlled by th« Envrlilh in lOOfi. It producii excellent c)it"'jn, ^e^y .' ;r;d litu'ar aiJ rum, aad within the'l.ilt i' >ea s ha* tindeigone ert-■ ^■'•' \''«-- Cii:.' liJ-A.-'f i. Toz- TOR T O U To..ov^, a .own of>lv, in tl. ferenc. and 1^- ve^^Me hnrb^. V.r fluchy of Milan, cnp.t.l of the Tortonc c, difficult of a. ^■J. bilhops fee. a„d a good «ftle, l--°;;°; N; ^^^ ^^^^,,^ ;„ ^^ p,,. feated on an eminence. It is fortihed in the nwdcrn manner, and luay be looked upon as a confiderablc frsnutr piacc. It was taken bv the allits in i744. b^'t ."- taken by the Spaniards in 17+S. It '* featcd on the river Scnvia, :S imles S. i^. otCalal.and 17 S. W. ot Milan. Lon. 8. ^S.n.lar. 4^-8-"^- c= • • Tor 10s A, a large town ot bpain, m Catalonia, with a bifiiop's Ice, a Imal xiniveriuv, and a citadel. It is divided into two parts, the Old Town, and tlic i4ew, both larrouuded bv mout-.n tortili- cations. The entrance into tliii place is ■ over a large bridge of boats, on the river Ebro, -whcr.- head is fortilicd. It 1, a- dorned with modern works, and embel- lilhed v.-ith a great numb.r of chnrchcs and religious houlcs ; amonp; wincii the cathedral church, the royal o.i.cgc^ ot Dominicans, and the convent of th.- Car- mehtes, arc tlie molt remarkable. It is feated in a conntiy, fer-i'e in corn and fruits, and aboundini,' with ^uarne^, and mints of lilver, iron,, alabaftcr very line iafpcr of divers colours, and llonrs with veins of gold. Tuey have a great deal of filk and o\\, and very line potters ware, which reiemblcs porcelain. It is leatcd ■ pattly on a plain, and partly on a hill, 55 miles S. W.-of Tarragona, and ibo E. ot Madrid. Lon. o. 35. E. bt. 40. *\oRTUGA, a large uninhabited iAand Of S.America. Tiie E. end is full of bare i • ,roken rocks, which Irretrh a little vincc of Catalonia. It is a Iniall place, bu extremely ftrong, ieated at the bottom "t a bay, which makes a good harbour, a:vl wh-re vclTels are Ihelttred from ad winds, except the S. VV. It is built partly on ,., plain, and partly on a ftcep lull, wluch advances into the lea. On the top of the hill, nearer the lea, is a ftnmg citadel, with other fortifications. It is 37 mi'^^' N. E. of Barcelona. Lon. i. 5+- E- '". 41. 4:1. i'i. c T 1 ■ ToscAVRLi.A, a town ot Italy, m the territory of the Pooc, and duchy of Caftro, 35 miles N. of Rome. Lon. y- It. F.. lat. 4:.. 29- N. 7 • ToTNKSS, a borou?h of Dcvonniirc, with a market on Saturday., It i^.l'-'«';d on the river Dart, on the dclccnt ot a li.il, .nd had formerly a calilc. It is governed i,y a mavor, iS aldermen, and a recorder ; and has a manufatlorv or lergc-,. It is zj miles S. VV. of Exeter, and '!?f W. by S, of Loudon. Lon. 3- 4-1- W. lat. 50. ''^* foTTr.:a;AM High Cross, a large viUacre of M:dd!clex, live mil^s N. ot London. It is lb called from a crols. which has exiftcd here fr->m time imme- morial, it was formerly a column ot wood, railed upon a hillock. It was taken down about 200 years ago, and the prelent ftrue- turc eretVedin its ftead.by Dean_\v^ood. In this nariiii are three almshouse: pan 111 Llil^ put 11.. ".- . one of them, for eight poor people. ^S:;:^:./ At this end is a large .alt po,d, ^vhcre the lalt begins to kern in io . There have been :o fail o Ih.p- X here at a time for fait. At the W. Td is a imall harbour with Ire h v.vn-i 5 and it is full of Uv tree.. 1 here area few c-oats on it ; and the turtles or tor- to fes" come uomi the fa.ulv bays to lav S r e-S wh.^nee thi» illand has its n.me. T e. "?«; of diver, colours, a. biackilh,- Lk brown, light brov.., d.;rk green U^Tht "rcen, yellow, and fpLJ.!>.d. i ms kndwas formerly much tre.u.ented by t K-buccaacers. It lies near tjie coaU of T r- Firma, 40 miles W. of rhe i land of Margaretta, and is about 30 n. l.s n circumference. Lon. 64. £0- ^^ ■ ''''• ^*'VnKfvr,K, ^nmnCiof the \VcO. U. ■ die- near th«- T^^ coaft ot .he lUa^ul of 5^ r J iola, where th. French oueea1..:c.rs S« to fonifv themlclvcs, brin.. counte- «Scd and vupportcd by the eovcrument f I- ,r- It IS about So muc» in cucum- , . . 't .'■• remarkaolc, that it was crefted by Bal- thazar Zanches, a Spaniard, who was con- fectioner to riiihp n. of Spam, with whom he came over to bngland, and w..* the tint that exerci'ed that art in this countrv. He becan.e ^ /'I'l^^^'-^f '^ died in .50.. At the endo PageOicen. l-ands a re.narkabie circular clump ot elms, called The Seven Sifters. In a brick- fieid on the weft lide of the road is S . L,jy's well, which is faid to oe always lull, and never to run .,ver ; and, in a fvM op- pofite the vicarage called Bishop's \Vt'. ■,u!e, riles a fpring, of v.hiclt the com- mon people' report many Orange cures. A rivuier, call'd the Mofel, wiuch ril.s (,n Mi^fwcU Hill, near Hi,^hgate, runs thniugh the_ pri.icip.;! ftreet ot this vU- ''"^^'Tottkridge, a village of Mid- dlefex, near Chipping Barnct. It wa, .^reatly inhabited by the cur/cns of l.on- don, to long a-, as the reign ot James 1. Iti. ,0 miles N.N,VV. of L-.ivlon ; Tout,, art ancient and conhdcrabii. .' tOWH T o ir land ha» a very fafe harbour, but of accefb. Lon. 75. 10. W. ■10. N. \, ;i IfHport of Spiir., in the pro- J C.italoiii.i. Jt iii n. I'mall pl,ice, but lly ftrong, fcated at the bottom nf I'iiich niakc3 ;i gooil liarbjLir, a)vi IclTcU are Ihcltt red i'nim all winds. Ilie S. \V. It is built partly on .'. jind partly on a fteep liiil, winch L into tilt lea. On the top of tiie. larer the lea, is a ftrong citadel, rher fortifications. It n 37 miles bf Barcelona. Lon. z. 5+. E. lat. [cAVRM.A, a town of Italy, in ritory of the Pope, and duchy of ?5 miles N. of Rome. Lm. i:. .at. 4.-'.. 29. N. Z ' , rsi'.ss, a borot!?rh of Dcvondiirc, ni;>.rker on Saturday. It is featcd river Dart, on the defetut of a hill, d formerly a calilc. It is ;.;t;vcrned layor, i S aldermen, and a recorder ; IS a iiiHniifattorv of ferj^e-,. It is 17 S. \V. of Kxete'r, aad 196 W. by S. ndon. Lon. 3. 4.1. W. lat. 50. OTTr.:;riAM Higw Cross, a large ; of M'ddlefex, live miles N. of ni. It is lb Called froin a crof., , has cxifted here from time inimc- [. It was formerly a ciiluma of wood, upon a hillock. It was taken dowti 200 years ago, and tiie prel'ent ftnte- crctted in its ftead, by Dean \Vood._ IS pariiii arc three alaishoure'... ^ Ol )f tlicni, for eight poor people, it is rka;)lc, that it\vas crefted by Bal- r Z'liiches. a Spaniard, who was con- mer to riTilip II. of Spain, with n he came over to Ens^land, and wai tint that exercifed that art in this try. He becanic a rreteltant, -xnd ill' I'lOi. At the end of Page Green, 3 a remarkable circular clump of , called The Seven Sifters. In a brick- on the weft liile of tlie road is St. s well, which vi fai.l to bt: always full. levcr to run nver ; and, in a field op- c the vicarai;:!.' houfe, riles a Ipring, J Hi;liop's \V'. !!, of wiiicii the corn- people report many ftrani^e cures, iviiiet, called the Mofcl, wV.ich rif.-^ VliTwcU Hill, near Di.^liHate, rinr, Jgh the_ princip.51 ftreet of this vil- ToTTKRiDGE, a village of Mid- X, near Chipping Barncr. It was tly inhabited by the citi/ens of Lon- lo long airo as the reign of James I. 10 miles N. N. W. of Lmdon. 'out., an aticieiu and coufiderabli; tOWH T O U town of France, in the dcpartincnt of Aleurthe and late province of Lorrain. Before the revolution it was a birtiop's fee, and tlie cathedral and late epifcnpal palace ;ire liaiidfome l^ruitures. It \\ as an im- perial town of Germany, till taken by the l'"rencli in 1 551. It i. feated on the ris-cr Mofelle, in a plain, almoll fiirrounded by muiiiitubis, 10 miles W. of Nanci, and 167 S. li. of Paris. Lon. 6. 2. E. lat. 4S. 40. N. Tox;i,OMTjA, or Ti;i.mabi;-ji, a fnrirets of Hindcoftan Proper, in the pro- vince of Laiiore, fe.ited on the Rauvte, 70 miles K. N. E. of Moultan. ToLi.oN, a cclel)rated citv and feaport of France, in that part of the late pro- vince of Provep.cc, which is now denorni- nated tiie tk p..rinient of tlic Var. It is a very ancient place ; having been found- id, according to tiie common opinion, l)y a Roman general. It is the chief town of the department, and, before the great re- volution in 1789, was an epiiicopal fee. The inli.'itiifants are not computed it more tlian 80,000; which is not to be wondered at, when we retiettr, that it «:xpericnccd the dreadful ravages of the plague three times in the fifteenth century,' in 141S, 1461, and 1476 ; once in the fixtcentii, 1:1 1587 ; four tunes in the fc-% cnteenth, in idii, 1630, it47, and 1O64; and once in this century, in 17^0. It is divided in- to the Old Q^iarrer and the New Quarter. The lirft, which is very ill-built, has no- thing remarkalile in it bi.t the Rue aiix Arbres (the Tree Street) wliich is a kind of courlc or mall, and the townhoufe : the gate of this is furroundcd IjV a bal- cony, -vhich is fiipported bv two termini, the maftcrpieces of the famous Ptijet. The New ^tarter, which forms, as it 'vere, a fecond city, contain:, bcfide the magnificent woi-ks conftruiVed in the reign <.f Lewis XiV. many fine houfes (amoiig which, tlwt of the late feminary merit!* beyond coinparifon the prefcriiice) and a j.;raiid oblong fquare, lined with trees, and lerving as a parade. The harbour, re- Ipeftiiig thefc two (juarter?, is dilliiiguifli- ed likewde by the names t f the Old Port or the Merchants Pert, and the New Pert or the King's Port ; but this lall appella- tion has vaniilied with the late aliolition of royalty, and univerfal deftruftion of all its (ymbr>ls, in this diftraftcd conntrv. The Merchants Haven, along which ex- tends a noble quay, on x^hicli ftands the townhoofc, is prnter>ed by two mnles, be- gun by Henry IV. The New Haven was conftrudted by Lewis XIV. as weie the fortifications of the city. In the front of this haven is an arfctul, cuutuininz all T o ir the places neceflary for the conrtniftroii' and fitting out of vcfTcls : the firft objeft that appears is a ropcwalk, entirely arch- ed, extending as far as the eye can reach, and built after the defigns of Vauban : liere cables are made, and above i-. a placf for the preparation of hemp. Here likc- wik: is the armoury, for m-ulijuets, jiiftols, halberds, &c. In the park of artillery, arc cannons placed in piles, bombi, gre- nules, mortars, and balls of various kinds,. ran;;evl in wonderful order. The long fail roian, tho foundry for cannon, the dock- yard:;, the bafins, &c. are all worthy of obferyation. The gallics, transferred from Marfeilles fome years ago, occupy ar Toulon a fecoud bafin in the New Port. Many of the galley-fiaves are artifans, fume merchants, and, which is the mod wonderful, of fcrupuious integrity. Tliey no longer ilccp on board the gallics, but have been lately provided with acconmio- dations on (hore, in a vaft building, newl'<- crec^ted for that purpofe. Both rfie Old am?/ New Port have an outlet into the fpacious outer road or liarbour, which is furround- ed by hills and formed by nature almoft circular. Its circuit is of very great ex- tent, and the entrance is defended, on both fides, by a fort with ftrong batteiie*. In a word, the bafins, docks, and arfcnal^ a- Toulon, warranted the remark of a fo- reigner that vifitcd them in the late rc'gn ; that ' the king of France was greater there than at Vcrfailles." Toulon 13 rbc only mait in the Medtterrar.ean for the re- cxpv,rtation of the produi^fs of the Eaft Ip.dies. This place was deftroyed toward trie end of the tenth century, and pillaged by the African pirates almoft as fooa ag. rebuilt. The conftable of Bourbon, at the lu.ad of the imperial trooi-"^ obtained pof- fellion of it in 1524, - ' Charles V. iix 1-36 ; but, in the ncxe century, Charles. Emanuel duke of Savoy could net enter it ; and prince Eugene, in 1/707, ineffec-' tuallv laid fiege to it. This city was fur- rendertd by the inhabittints, in September 1793. to the Britifti admiral lord Hood, rs a condition and means of enabling theni to efTeiM the rc-eftabli(hmcnt of monarchy in France, according to the conftitution of I ''80. Lord Hond, accordingly, in conjiMu'lion with the Spanifii land and na- val forces, took polTetrion of the harbour and forts in truft for Lewis XVII. It was garrilbncd for fome time by the T'ritilTj troops, and their allies the Spaniards,- Neapolitans, and Sardinians ; but the French having laid fiege to it, the garrifon was obli:;r Cl.i- roniic and late prcvincc of Larii^ucdcr, ivith nn :.rihbilh 4VE L:. It is tl;C uuft contidcraiilc citv in Frjiicc, ne\t to laiu and Lyuiis, althougU ita populaiLm '.>i.,.r, lio propiiiiiou to its t\tciit, it toniiiiii 63,000 inhc'.bitants. It was tlio tapitJ oi the Tcft'ilr'^ts, wli ) matlt. lo many ton- quefts ill Alli and Clrcocc. It was utxt h Komau CD'.ony, niul was fucccHiveiy t!ic capital of the Viligutl.i (v.hu dL-llrovcJ the fapcvb air.pai;hc,itrc, of win/ii lhi;n.- ».ie fiiil ti'iTic !.-iiii.ins, the cipitol, and other Rvman r.vjnuiv.ciaO and that -i Aquitiifai. Tl u llrccts arc vtiy ii.i')>l- I'oiuc, and the walK "f tht city, a-* wcl! us tlic hoiifi.:;, are huilt with bnck;- tit. Sfjphcn\, the nictr.p -'iran church, wou.d be ir.coir.iiaraL.la, li" iht nave were tip.al t) the choir. The pa'.j.it is ftiil the lai-ie ill wh'xh ihetwa fanatics St. Ikrnard and Sr. Do'.Tiinic have preached. One of the bells, c.dLd Card.ii;:a, vveighi more than that cf Gci.rge d' Aiub .i!e at Rouen. J a the church of thcl.itc Dominicans 1. tlie ftritic of the founder, the cclthrated St, Thomas d" AiiLi''r..io, of filvtf snlt, and of the \nQ:\ K.xcjai'liie worknian-Qiip ; v hich, very prob;'''V, will loon be lent to the mint, as . '.'1 as th- ric^U tlirine of St. Genevieve at Tari-.. In Ji^.gir.g un lei ..le nave r.f tiw chu:ch cf the late C- ' -'■•' a l-ri'e vault was T O U mercc of Tonlonfc confirts in Irathcr, 6ii' jitrv, hiimkets, mignionets, oil, iron, mtr- cery, hardware, and books. I'lie briuHe over the Garonne is iil lead equal to tli'slc of '1 I'Ur:. and Orle;ins : it forms the cotii- intinicaiioti hetwecn the fuburb of St. C\prian and the city. The quays extend along the banks of the C'-aroiine ; and it h'lS btcn in conitciripl ition to line them with new and uniforrn iioufes, Touloufe i". 37 miles K. cf Aueii, 1158. E. of Botir- d^'-tux, and 3;o S. by W. of Paris. Lon. I. 17. E. lit. A\. 36. N. 1'oiRAiNt:. a province of France; bounded on the N. by Maine j on the E. by Orle.uiois ; on the S. bv Berry ; and on the \V. by Anjou and Poitnu. The river Loire runs through the middle. It is 58 miles in lt;ii":th, and 55 in breadth, ;.rd is watered by llveral rivers, very commodious for trade, and is, in general, lo pltafant and fertile a country, that it i- Called llic Gardin of France. It nov. form, the departincnt of Indrc and Loire, of whic'.i Tours is the capital. I'ouK-DF.-Rousbii.i.os, a town of France, in tiie department of the Eaften; Pyrenees and late province of Uoullilkn, feated on a hill near the river Tct, t\v(» m.U ; below Perpignan.^ 'I'uuK-Di-i-PiN, a town of Frnnce, iiy the department of Here ,ind late province (d Dauphiny, fvatcd on a river of the i'ame name, 14 miles S. of Vienne. TouRJNK, a town of Germany, in the bifliopric of Liege, u miles N.^E. of Nanmr. Lon. c o. E. kit. 5,0. 36. N. TouR-i.A-Vii.LK, a town of France, e. Ill- i-iiv. ._.■.» ^..-i.w.^', .» w w .V .... . ...«.., l-v^e v'u't was difrovcrcd, in s\ nich in the department of Charentc and lat.. wer-''x-,o (iiclcton.?, cove.td with a dry province of Normandy, leparated from -. "i-i 11 ,!.„, ,r • ,'i/> cnrtli in this Clifrhurtr bv a rivcr. confidtr- . and capi- thc Tournayfis, with a bifliop's lee. were X,o jivL.-iwu.,, V..... V - --y r--— - - . Ikin like old parchme.u ; tlie earth in this Llurburg by a rivci. vault is impregnated with iime. Tiic Tocrn-ay, a liandfome and archbifliop's palace is magnificent; but able town of Aultnan Flariders, ».„,„ 1,^,,^ V,. will he ncrmit-ed to refu'c in t.l of the Tournayfis, with a bi how lonj-, he will be pcrmu-ed to reiu.c in it ii, hv^ this time, perhaps, no loni-er a qucftioii. The tov.iihi^ule, a moder.i urue- ture, forms a peiTea fquare, 314 Icet loms, and high. Tile pri.-,';i ill front o-cupics an cnt-r-. fide of t!u- ^va.id Iquare. lately called the P'ace R-,yule. In the great hall, called the Hall of iliuftnous Men, is the ftatue of the chevalier Ilaurc, and the b..'.ls of all the grcit men to wl.om Toiiluule has given oirth. Comnuinicatin;; with tb.e ocean, on ine • fide, by the river Garonni, and with the Mediterranean, on the other, by the ca- ll b defended bv a ft rone; calUc, is a lar^ii trading place, with feveral fine nianufac tol■ie^,"and is pBttlcularly famous for good ftoekinns. Tile cathedral, and the abbev of St. Martin, are very magnificent. It was taken by the allies in 1709, and ceded to tl'.c houfe of Aufiria by the treaty of Utrecht ; th in IciiTih, and 55 in brt-adth, vatcred l)y kveriil rivers, very ous for Uidc, iJid is, in general. It and fertile a country, that it i' ic CiHiiUii of France. It now ; department of Indrc and Loire, Tour, is the capital. ;-i)F.-l\ousbit.i,os, a town of ill the dtp.utnicnt of the Eafttri; > and late province of RouHillcn, n a liill near the river Tct, tVv» low Perplgnan. uDii-PiN, a town of France, ii^ rtini-iit of Here .ind late province i,l ly, fiirtd on a river of the i'anie 4 ir.iki it. of Vienne. RINK, a town of Germany, in tlic c fif Liege, u miles N. E. of Lon. c. o. E. Int. jo. 36. N. R-i.A-Vii.i.K, a town of France, depaituient of Chnrcntc and lau e of Normandy, I'eparated from rg by a river. KN'AY, a iiandfome and confili-r- vn of Auftrian Flanders, and capi- he Tournayfis, with a bifliop's ke. fended hv a hronsj calilc, is a lari;c place, with P:vcral fine nianufiic. md is pHrticularlv famous for good tfs. Tiie catlijdral, and the abbcv Martin, are very magnificent. It U'u by the allies in 1709, and ceded lioufe of Auftria by tlie treaty of t ; thoui;h the Dutch put in a gar- as being one of the barrier towns, taken by the Frtncli in 174!;, who llied the fortifications. In 178 1, t!ie ir Jofeph II. obliged the Dutch hdraw their garrifon. It was again )y the French in 1 7()i ; but they were 1 to abiiiidon it at the cotnroence- of 17.^;. It is feated on the river I, which divides it into two parts, :e united by a bridge, 14 miles S. E. k, 30. S, "VV. of Ghent, and 135 N. t ^i T O W T R A T by fe. of Paris. F^on. 3. 28. E. lat. 53. E. to fiathcr'cy, and then joining the 3?. S. Oke from Okchunpton, turns Ihort to tlit- Toi'RNON, atown of France, in the dc- N. and pjliing by 'i'orriiigton and partnicnt of Ardeche and kite province of Biddetord, enters flic lea at l{arnft»ple Dauphiny, on the declivity of a moiuuain, Unv. with a tine college, and ,1 caftle that coin- munds the whole town. It is I'eated nctr the river Rhone, 40 iniies VV. of Greno- ble, and iSo S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 50. E, lat. 45. 6. N. Towiov, a viikigc in tiic W. ridin;; of Vorklhirc, S. E. of Tr.dcafter, famous for that bl .ody bitt'e btiween the forciS of the Iviul'cs of York aiid [..incaOcr, io fital to ti'e iTtcr, on Palm- Sun Jav, 1461 TouKNUs, an ancient town of France, The ploughmen fonu ti.;:cs turn up arrnw in ..ic department of Saone and Loire and heads, fpcar heads, broken javciins, A;c. late province of Burgundy, feated on the in tl-.is field. river Saone, in .» plealant country, ttrtik * Towv, a river of S. Wales, which in corn and wine. It is 15 mil:;s S. of riles in Cardi)ianlhire, enters Carnarrhen- Chalons, and lor S. by W. of P.iris. lliirc at its Sf. E. cxtrcmitv, and p::lfing Lon. <;. o. E. lat. 46. 34. N. bv Carniarthtn, enters the Brhl 1 C'han- Toi'RS, an ancient, large, hnndfomc, nel. rich, and conliderablc city of Frince.capi- Tr AOHENBimr:, a town of Germany, tal of the department of Indre and Luire in Silefia, feated on the Birtcli, n inilcs and lite province of Tourainc. From an N. E. of Wolaw, and z6 N. of Brtil.iw. archiepifcopal fee it has been lately reduced Lon. 17. is E. ht. 51. 30. N. tu a bilhopric, furtragan to that ot B ourges. Tkafai.gar, a cape or promontory It is advantageoufly feated on the Loire, of S[)ain, in Andalulia. featid at the en- and near the Cher. Over the former is trance of the ftraits of Gibri'r'r, 30 miles one of the fmtft bridgei in Europe, con- filling of 15 elliptical arches, each 75 feet diameter : three of thele were carried away by the breaking-up of ice in 17^9. This bridge is lerminarcd, in a lire which S. E. of Cadiz, Lon. 6. 1. VV. lar. 36. II. N. Trajanai'oli, a town of T .rkcv 'n Eiirnpc, in Romania, with a Greek arch- bllli'ip's fee, though it is verv f'i'ill p.ikI crolFes the whole riry, by a lirtet 2400 thm ot people. It is feated on the rirer feet l"ng, foot-piVtinents on each fule, Mnica, 37 miles S. VV. of Adrianopic, and lined with noble buildings, recently and iiz N. W. of Conftatitinople. Lon. created. The principal church is re- 26. i». E. lat. 41. i ^. N. markaule for the delicacy of its Itrutfure, TRAjKTro, a rown of the kingdom of its curious clock, its molaic pavement, ai^l Naples, built on itie ruins of the ancient its rich hbrary of nianulcripts. Under Miniurna. Hire are the ruins of an am- the iiiiniftry of card >al Richelieu, no Icfj ploheitre and an aqueduCl, and it is feated thi.n 27,000 perlbns ,vere here empi ivtd near the mouth of the riv r vxarigliano, on in the filk manufadturc ; but, at prefent, the Mediterranem, 25 miles N. VV. of the whole number of inhabitants is not Capua, and 20 S. VV. of Venafro. Lon, more than 22,00-'. Tiie red wines of 14. 4. E. lat. 41. 20. N. Tours arc much efteemcd. In o le of 'he Tkaina, a town of Sicily, in the Val- luburbs, is the late abbey of Mariiioutier, di-Demona, I'eated on a hijti mountain, at reputed the moll ancient in the Weft, the fourie of th^' river T.aina, 22 miles T"^'^'".V 1 l^M, I. s, of France, in the department of Ornu and gal. ia the province of * ■■»; "^J^ j' „ ' ,„« provir.cc of Perche. It .s hn.a.ed with a handlon.e caltle. 1// 'V^J'^'f ^^^^ ;„ ^h, jjocefc of Sec/, in a large valley, nlcafant fertile ««"'i"y' '^ "''i'^V"' iurrounded bv roc.ntain.. . The monk. ^'t K ; V ^Thnnd^Jc nd p^p.'m., town were fan.ous /or their auftcr.ty. a«d keep. TRANi.aiianaiwu. h-r mg perpetual filence. of the k'n^J-y."/ ?:t',!^d a ha bour^ Trarhaoh, a town of Gcrtnany, m caftle, an ^^I^*^ "'V^ '. it "he eovernor the palatinate of the I.ower lUune and It is the ufual rf»'7«°V,J' fd e"v- countv ^f Spanhe.m, leated on the nver of the provmce ; but is very '""f^ dcca> F ^^ j^ j place on ac- ed fmce the h^^-^^'";! ,';r.^"",S1u f Tf count of its fortre.s/which is feated on a ^•ith mud. t "/'-■aud on ^^ ^f "[ mountain, and whnfc cannon commaT.ds Venice, zo miles W ■ oi »'"^" /"'^ "^ ^ jj- „f fh, Mofelle, and prevent* bv K. of Naples. Lon. .6. 36. E- '»'■ 4i- ^^^ J^ ^^K^^ ^^^^^.^^^ ^,^^ palatinate. It i% *ii' ^'- ,f fi,^ nenin. is miles N. E. of Treves, and »8 S. W. mandcl, with a ^(^"/"'i/f ^.'.V^; ^'tk'av ancore. a province of the pc lon/.ng to the Uancs It >s ca ea „i„r,^,^ of Hindooftan, extendmg along t tie the mouth of the river Cauv try, I c^nu" ^^^^ ^^ Malabar from Cape Comorin to S. of Madras, Lon. 79- 57- ^- ''"• '"■ ,„ n. lit. and bounded on the Ts. by 44. N. r Tj,, Mvfiire anlF on the E. by the Carnatic. '^'traNSVLVANIA, a countr^i;Lf;: J? f u^je"t to a raiah, who is an ally of rope formerly ^""'^-''u^" J^ 3^^^^ the Enulilh E. India Company, and m dc- bounded on the N. bv J;'??^' "'j/^ f^ncc of whom they engaged, in conjuac- and Poland ; on the ^- «old -a and ^^^ ^^^7^^^^ ^_^^ ^ ,,^ Walachia; on the S. ^'', ™*r Hunea- the Decern, in the late (ucce.sful war ontlKW byUpperandLowrH^^^^^ Tippoo Sultan. See Cranga-. ry. It is iurrounded on all parts oy ni^u t 1 1- mountains which, however, art no ^.- ^°^^^- ■ ,f Germany, in the ren. Theinhabitantshaveasm tl con ^^'^J^^ ^ ^^^ duchy ot and wine as they ^^ant themfe v.s, and '^ f , ^^j^j^i, ^^„, ,Vom W.toE.pnd there are rich mines of gold, f^ v^ • 1^^^- "J ', gegberg. Oldcllo, and Lubtc copper, quickfilver, and ^^^^-J'^l^ ^^l' g uto the Baltic, at Travemunde. , dergone various r;vomtu,ns, but nmv be- »^'^^^^^,,„^j,,, , fl^ong town of Ger- lonas to the heufe ot AuKria. 1 n= m ^^^.^^ Saxony, and . habitants are of various /<:'•««"!• ^.P^ ^ ."h^ ^^ Hoiftein, fcated at the mouth of 1; i;,S..The^t:«Sff?.-..^-..«>-. ^- .«■ "■ ^- '>•■ ^- is conduacd by . i per'-^"; = "^^^^y' X" ' Tr AUNSTEIN, a town of Germany, Roman Catholics, three Lutherans, three {^J^/^b^,,,,; fcated on the river Caivinifts. and three Socimans. Htrmaa- !^^3"j^^,^, „ l,^ fp,ings of fah-wa- „f «„;.. I. fc "«.. "'y ITC ta «™5 ; "^ 5 «i, „,, .f,e,„„d falU ..to >„Jpopulou.,.»J""."«l'»S- '■■"''"• »WW^ '^ |;„1. i,l»vo PUcenm. Grot ;':;.r:;.KVtaAf' " S." ?' ^ ^y h.„*i. wS. a.w..a » ^.^ ^ le 1 K H. la fmall peninfulai is built w f a fickle, nnd is a trading placr, its I'ait-works, and tillicrius ( t' kd coral. It h 10 miles N. of ind 45 W. of Palermo. Lon. lat. 3ti. 10. N. 'E, a once celebrated monaftcry I, in tile department of Orne and Incc of Perclie. It is fuuatcd jccfc of Sec/, in a Urge valle\ , Id by mountains. Tlie monk- Lus for their auftcrity, and keep- itiial filence. IHAOH, a town of Germany, in linate of the I^ower liliine and Spanhemi, feated on the river It is an important place on ac- its fortrel'ii, which is feated «n a , and whi'fc cannon comma»ids gc. of the Mofelle, and prevent* till entering the palatinate. It i"i N. E. of Treves, and »8 S. \V. nn. Lon. 7. 7. £. lat. 41;. A SCORE, a province of the pc r IlindooRan, extending alon;^ tn Malabar from Cape Coniorin ■I. lat. and bounded on the N. 1)/ :ii)a on tile E. by the Carnatic . ct\ to a rajah, who is an ally of i)h E. India Compsny, and in dc- whom tliey engaged, in conjimc- I the Mahrattas and the ni/.ain of c:in, in the late fucccisful war rippoo Sultan. See Cranc; a-. »•£, a river of Germany, in the F Lower Sixony and duchy of , which runs from \V. to E. nnd Dy Sc^berg. Oldtdo, and Lubti-. I the Baltic, at Travcmunde. /EMt'NDF., a flrong town of Gcr- i the circle of Lower Saxony, and ' Holftein, feated at the mouth of ■ Trave. It is the port of Liibtc, I it belongs, and is it miles N. E, city. Lon. 10. 55. £. lat. 54, UNsTF.iN, a town of Germany, r Bavaria, feated on the river Near it arc fprings of falt-wa- V. See Traov. fGLERA, a town of Spain, in , 30 miles S. ofTortofa. Lon. , lat. 40. lb. N. I I A, a river of Italy, which rifes srritory of Genoa, waihes Bobio lilanelc, and afterward falls into a little alwive Placcntia. Great of the Romans, commanded by 'ul Seinpronius, after their defeat ub,il, were drowned ia this river, which T K E wtiich misfortime has rcn^lercd it fa- mous. Tk Knit.Ni, or TftEBiGN A, a town of Tiitkiy in Europe, in Dilniatin, uiih a l.nlir.p's fee. The inliiibit.ciits ntc partly Turks and partly Greeks, jnd tlicic nre T U E 4.x inlli; W. by S. of Plymouth, and 24; \V , by S. of London. Lon. 4. 43. W, Kit. (.0. 16. N. Tkt.M.KUL'Rr., a ftaport of Sweden, in the province of Schonen, feated on the Biltic, 30 miles S. E. of Copenhagen, fiimc Papilh. It is feated .m the gulf of Lon. ij. 16. E. lat. ;;. ift. N Venice, on the river TreDsnfki, 14 miles N. of Ri;;ufa. I.nn. 18. 11. E. lat. 43.4. N. TRKtiissi All, a town of the kiiiiidoin of Naples, felted on the river Trtrentr>, live miles E. ot Cafl'ano. Trebiso.vp, :i lari;c, populous, and ftrong town of Tuikty in Afin, in the province of Jtnich, with a Cireek archbi- Ihop's fee, a harbour, and a cafile. It is feated at tlie /not ef * very ftecp hill. Tlie walls are f(;ii;iicanH hiirh, with bnttle- ments ; and nre built with the ruins of ancient ftruflures, on which are infcrip- tions not lct;ible. The town is not popu- l;-iis ; for tliere are mors woods and j,'ar- dei.s in it than houfes, and thele but one florv hit;h. The caftle is feated on a flat rock, with ditches cut therein. The har- bour is at the eaft end of the town, and the mole built by the Genoefe is almoft dcf^royed. It flands on the Black Sea, 104 miles N. W. of Er7crum, and 440 E. of Conftantinople. Lon. 40. 2;. E. lat. 40. 45. N. Tkebit/,, a town of Germany, in Moravin, feated on the river Iglaw, where there is a manufaflory of cloth. It is 2 1 miles S, E. of Iglaw, and t •. N, W. of Budweis. Lon. 16. i:. E. lat. 49. 4.N. Trkbvitz. a town of Germany, in Siltfia, with a large nunnery. Near it is a hill confifting of a loft clay, or ftnne, which they iiiimcdintely form .nto velfels of all kinds ; and on being expo!'ed to the iRE.MF.sr.v, a province of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers j bounded on the N. by the Mediterranean ; on the E. by a province called Africa ; on the S. by the defert of Zaharah ; and on the W. by the kingdom of Pe/,. It is above 370 miles in length, and 11; in breadth; is dry, bar- ren, and mount. linou-., except on the ^.. fide, where there ate plains abounding in cirn, fruits, ?.nd paftures. The capital is of the fume .lame, (urroiiiKltd by '.trong walls, and Inhabited by poor Arabs, Moors, and Jews. Lon, 1. 29. VV. iat. 34- 4i-'^- , .„ Tkkmiti, tin; name of three lUands of Italy, in tlie gii'f of Venice, 15 miles fu.m the coalt of Naples. They are called Capraria, St. Nicolo, and St, Do- mino. ' Tremouii.l", a town of France, in the department o| Viennc and late pro- vince of Poitou, feated 'mi the liv.r Ben- nail<-, 32 miles from Poiiiers. Lon. i. 10. E. tat. 46. 29. N. Tkemp, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, feated on the river Noguira Pallerefa. Ti'K". V, 31; .indent, handfome, popu- lous, and Lunfuierlod in ijf'j. It is feated at the air, they become as hard as if th^v h.id foot or the A!p«, in a pleafant fertile va been baked. It is 12 miles N. of Breflaw. Lon. 17. 15. E. lat. 51. it;. N. Trefurt, a town of Gernianv, in the circle of Upper Saxtinv, and in Hclfe, with a caftlc. It belongs to the eleftor of Mcntz, and is (cated near the river Vcrta, 12 miles VV. of SaxeGotha, Lon. 10. 19. E. lat. m. S. N. T REG AN .VON, a corporate town of lev, on the river -Adige, 67 miles N. W. of Venice, and lOo N. W. of Rome. Lon. II. 27. E. lat. 46. 8. N. ' Trent, or tic Trentino, a hifhop- ric of Germany, letted amonj the Alps which divide It.ily from Germany. It is boundtd on the N. by the Tirol ; on the E. by the Feltriuo and Beilunefe ; on the S. by Vicentinn and the VVroncfe ; and Caidiganlhire, in S. Wales, with a mar- 011 the S. and \V. by tlie Diciciano and kct on Thurfday, It is feired on ihe ri ver Tyvy, and has a handfome church. It is 1; miles S. E. (jf Abcryttwi'.h, Hnd202 \V. by N. of London. Lon. 3. 56. VV. Iat. 52. 13. N. Tregony, a borough of Cornwall, with a market rn Saturday. It is ('e.itfd en a creek by Falmouth Haven, and is the Lake di Garda. Trent is the cipital Tit!; ST, a large fiver in England, which rifts in Stad'ordfhiri, ilfuing tronj three feveral fprings between Congleton and Leek. Flowing S. through SrjirFjrd- Ihire, and bavMi; received tlie Tame, it takes a N. E. direflion, and enters Dcr- hviliir^, after if, j'lnftion with the Dbvc ; much decayed." It has no church, and juft crolfing the fnuthern angle <..f tfiat i.nly about i ;o hoalet poorly built, h a county, and forming, for a thort Ipace, its Xx » f»;)»ra« t'tr:i»iniaSil^al:^^•^^^:^■iiit T R E T R E (^.ration fron. .he. counties of Lincohj bonded ^J^^^^-^l^^^^^^ ^ ,n.l Nomngh.m, .t enters «he futer ^ 'ognc . on y^^ -^i^^^Z::^r::J^:\^ w^... f an. l ... w. ^ ....^.r, xvhole eaftern M<:, forming, tosv'rd the N. part, the boundary between that cmn- fv and Lincolnlhire, acrnerof xvhich it cr'-lTes, an?'"'!" N. of Lyons, and 188 S. by E. of Pans. Lon.4.5-fi^l^^-4«-i;-- trevsa, T R E |on the N. by the elcftorate pf on the E. by VVctcravi,i ; on the palatinate of the Rhine and and on the W. by Luxemburi',. but ICO miles in Icn^jth, hut the lis vtrv (htf'crtnf. It is full nf ns and f$• ''•• '■"• CO. ^0. N. Titii/O, a town of Italy, in the M.li- nefe, fvatcd on the river Adda, on the frontiers of Btrgiinafco, Lon. 9. 15. E. lat. 41;. 45. N. TuiBtsi.its, an ancient town of Ger- many, in Pomcrania, on the frontiers of the duchy of Mciklrnbiirg, with a caftle. It belongs to the king of Sweden, ami is feated near the river Trebtl, 15 niilis from Roflock. Lon. 13. 8. E. lat. 54, 1. N. TKtKiis. SeeTuKVEs. Trikst, a I'mall, but ftrong and anci- ent ftajicrt of Italy, in Iftrii, on the gulf of Venice, with a bifliop's fee. It is beautifully fituafcd (m the fulc of a hill, about which the vineyards form a feini- lirclc. The ftreets are narrow ; luit there is a large f(|uarc, where tliey keep tlic nn- nual fair. The harbour is Ip.icious, Init not pood ■, bctaule it is open to the W. and S. VV. winds. The inhabitants have a good trade in fait, oil, almonds, iron, &c. brought from Laubach ; and tluy make good wines. The cathedr;il, and the late Jefuits' church, are the two beft buildings. It belongs tn the Imufe of .\uf- tria, and is eight miles N. of Capod'Irtna, and >'-! N. E. of Venice. Lon. 14, 4, E. iat. 4;. 56. N. ' Trim, the county-town of E. Meath, in Ireland, fcatcd on the Uoyne, 23 miles N. W. of Dublin. Trincomale, a to\vn of Alia, feated on the E. fide of the ifland of Ceylon. The harbour is reckoned the bell and fined in the E. Indies, ft was taken from the Dutch, by th.e Enplifh, in Janu- ary 1782 ; retaken by the French in Au- guft following; and rtftored to the Dutch by the peace of 1783. it is feated on a gulf of the fame name, 100 miies N. E. of Candy. Lon. 81.52. E. lat. 8.41;, N. Thing, a fmall town of Hertfordll.ire, with a market on Friday, 22 miles VV. of Hertford, and 31 VV. iC. VV. of London. Lon. o. 36. VV. lat. 51. 46. N. Thin 1 1) An, an ifland of America, in the gulf of Mcxic,), fcparatcd from New Andalufia, in Terra Firina, by a ftrait, about three miles over. The foil is fruit, fill, producing fupar, cotton, Indian corn, fine tobacco, and fruits ; but the air is un- healthy. It was taken by fir Walter Ra- leigh in it,95, and by the French in 1676, who plundered the illand and then left ir. It is about 62 miles in length, and 4<; in breadth ; and was difcovered by Chrifto- pher Columbus in 1498. tb>v>t4;.^-!dE^ '^. r > T R I Trivii)ai>, a town of N. America, in the province of (Juatiiiiali, and on the South Sea. It is an open town, but very important, hecault there is no other har- b'jiir on this coaft. A mile and a half hence is a place which the SjMiiiards call one of the Mouths of lUlli Utau!e it i» tuntinually overtd by a thick linokc, Hnd emits fl.imes from time tii time : be- fides, it has fo flrong a fmill, that no one tares to come near it. It it 70 miles S. E. of GuitimaU. Lun. 89. y, \V. lat. 11, 50. N. TiiiytDAn, a town of S. America, in Terra Firnia, and in the province of New Granada, ftated on the river Madalcna, ?8 mile!, from Santa It. Lun. 73, 45. VV. lat. 4. 41;. N. TiuKo, a fmall fortified town of Italy, in Montferrnt, fulijeil to the kiiii', of Sar- dinia. If was taken by the French in 1704, who abandoned it in i-od. It h ftattd mar the rixer P 1, tii;lit miles N, W. of Cafal, anil 3^ N. I'"., of Turin, Lon, 8. 30. E. lat. 4;. :6. N, Tut I'oi, I, a confiderablc town of Afri- ca, in Barbary, capital of a ccnintry of the lame name, with a caftle and a fort. It is pretty large, and the inhabitants are nottj pirates. It was taken by Charles V who I'ttiltd the knights of Rhodes there ; but they were driven away by the Turks in 15^1. Jt was formerly very Hourifli- ing, and h.is now fonie trade in rtuifs, faf« fron, cor.i, oil, wood, dates, olhich fea- thers, avid (kins ; but they make more of the Cliriftian flavts which they take at fea ; for they either fet high ranfoms upon them, or make them perform all forts of work. It is feated on the co^ft i,( the Mediterranean, in a fandy foil, and fur» rounded by a wail, ftrengthcncd by other forf'''.ciitions. It is 27 ? niiles S. E. by S, of Tunis, and 570 E. S. E. of Algiers, Lon. I 3. II. E. iat. 32. 34. N. Tuii'oi-I, a country of Africa, in Bar- bary, bounded on tl.e N. by the Mtditcr. ranean ; on tBe S. by the country of the IJcrilitrics ; on the W. by the kingdom of Tiini.', Biledulgerid, and a territory of the Gadnmis ; and on the E. by Egypt. It is about 1)25 m Its along the feacoaft, but the breadth is various. Some parts of it are preity fruitful ; but that toward Figypt is a fpndy dtl'trt. It had the title of a kingdom, bat is now a republic, go- verned by adcy, who is eleited by the fol- diers, who make no fcruple of depoling him when they pleafe. Tkii'om, an ancient and confidcrable town of Afia, in Syria, on the Mediterra- nean. The inhabitants are near 6o,eoo, cuiifiAing of Turks, Chriftians, and Jews. Xxi Ther II'; T R O T R U f ,. «n4 N W. of Nicoter^, and 4"; N. by E. oi There •.. one very lun.Kome "^of-iu • *nd N w. ^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^, ^^ ^ all ,hc houC* h.ivc l""m^>ns bflom^ n^ t . '\\}^ g,. » ,,,j„r, ^t Frincc, m Ii U dttenJtd by a i!.'hh\ cit.Mil. /- I u .1, ...Uii li incre:iltS them. . ted by a i;.;od c.,.uk;l. i ^\' '"^ ;^,„„ Vf v^r .nd late ^.rovince think u .viU a. ..A ..p '< » Cnniiiuia. on the Mcditcr- l"o tr.iicb, that Ionic - ■- -- ■ the h.-.r',,our, Nvhich IS twoiniltsW.t.om th«tovn,.>nH,s m:uk by u nmnd v'ccc of and un- '..'■'- nv.inUnd by an .fthonu. On en"h fide is a bulwark to dJct^d ,hc entrance. Tliis town ww anr.cn.K- m J'bcEnicia, NvhoCc inb.ib.nnts were 1o ta- „.,U, t.rnav,Ar.,u.n.nthccary a^c. of ,hu world. It..tliercfidtnccotaLMi..i. , vho alio govrrns the territory about . S--a;yonan.ic...nn.>aurc.ntlu: onthcbliyot Criniiiuia, on the Mtdittr- ,,m.an. .iniil.iS. W. of Frcjus, :.nd .s< K. of M-vrleilleb. Lon. (■. 44- ^- '•*'• 41' Tiuivrwv, a town of German v. in that part -t Uppc. Silcf.,1, which is lub- ie.'t to the houlc of Auftna. It is the capital .if a duchy of the lame, n.une, wnl> a„ anulcnt call le. It i* a large, h.mdfoine, and ftronj; town, one of the prinapil m Silcha. It was taken hy the I'mlh-ins m ,-4. and .7 5''. bat veftoied to the houle them to cany on a f.lk "'^'""[f ";;^|;';X; of "^Auftria by a treaty fublVquent to each to-"- ll 'I -°r|l^;.l ' U 6! capture. U Vieated ,a a plealant p a n town. *•■ ^^ •*« ■"■ — -- _ - and qo N. W. of Damafcus. Lon. 36 *"A.st; an 'uui^habitcd ifland of N. America,',nNcwSp.m, un.heS cmft of th.. b:iv of Canipeachy, and to the \V ef the tlland of Port Roy.-.l. f-'^"' -'"^^ it is icparatul by a narrow dianntl. I capture. It is leated m a pleafant plain, ,m the rivers Oppa and Mohra, 40 ""cs N by E. of Olmutz* and 7* a- "y '^- "^ Bredaw. Lon. ,7. 40. E. U. "'•'/• Ti'0\vhkii)«;k, a town of W iltliiirc, with a market on Saturday, le;ucd on a hill, and remarkiii.lo fo. clothieis. It li it is icparatul by a narrow channel. U in 1, am. ^-- ; j^arlb .roiu',h, and 0? is five mil« in length, and almoft as much ^ m.ks^|..^^^^^_ ^^^ ^_ ^ ^^ ,_^^^ ^__ *"*'tritchinovoi.y, a ftrong town ef .he peninfula of Hindooflan. .n^.hc Catnatic. It is 20S ni.lc b. S. W^ot Madras. L^n. 78. 46- R. at. >o. 40- V TaivtNTO, a town ot the V ingdom of Naples, with a hilhop'i fee, fuaied rn I hill near the river Trii^n'^. or 1 rmo S rniles N. of B..gaiio, and 6z h. of ^.iplcb. Loti. 1?. n- E. l'>t-40. 'o- ^- , TROJA.a fortified snd populous town of the k^dom of N.ple,, leaied at the foot of the Appennine.. on ti.r nvct U 1- Uro, s'.miU^sN. E. ofBcr.u-.nHo. Lon. ,5, 15. E. lit. 4'- II. N- , Tkois HiNMF.!ii-s, a town of N. A- merica, in the Uruilh province o \jyv^ Ca,>ada, feated ""J'^'n"^ r Ln tencc, ss miles S. VV. of (inebec. L.n. ,1. 10. W. lar. 4*- 35-^. , . ... TU)KI, a town of L.thuani.}, capital of a'palatinatc of the la.nc*name^ .t is fe«:ed a-nan^ inaccelfible niorajes ^^ ^Mles W. of VVilna. and 7S N. E.of Grndno. I.or.z.. t?.E.lat. 54.40. N. TROS.Si.or St. TrMKS-, a town of Germany, m the bifhopr.c of Lirge, with a famous Benediatne ubbty, '5 mn-^^ from Maeftriohr, and 10 S. E. <^f Lou vain. Lon. s- J^- E- lat. ^o- 4S-/"'- ■i'ROPEA, afmallto^vn ot tnc king- dom of Naples, with a bifhcp s <-^- Jl^l handfomc and populous, leated near the l^a, on the top of a rock, ^'hepce there . a charmin- prolpea. It wa-. halt ruu.ed hy an eart «iLake ia .633, raid is .0 m.!« \V. of London '^Tkoyts an ancient, large, rich, a^id handfome city of France, in the neighbourhood is too tender to be ein- plovcd in building, almotl .Uthchoul-s •arc'cf wood ; which, neverthel is. do not produce an etTedl 1.1. picafins to the eye. bood water U wanting here, ..n whicn account public fountains irc much wanted. Anion? the objcfts of curiol.tv vc S . Stcphe'n's the principal church ; t e public lihrnry of the late Cordeliers ; an<1 the caftle in which the ancient counts ot ChampHKn--- fcfide-l. Its corpmcrce, once very tlourilhing. now confU\» only in fome Imtn'!. dimities, fuftians, wax-chand- !erv, candles, and wine. It 'S Jcatcd on the- river Seine, 30 m\ki^^^: ^■^- "' Sens, and go E. S. E. of Vans. Lon. 4 • 10. F. lat. 4S. 13. N. Trov, was an ancient and famous city „f Alia, near the Archipelago and at tbc foot of xMount la.. It is well known for its ten years f-H'^ There are io iiiany of the 'ruins ftill remaining as to fhow where it Hood. Lon. 16. 30. E. lat. 3'>- '*°TRVr..Lt.o, a town of S. America, in Terra Firraa, and in the territory of Ve- nezuela, ixo miles S. o the lake of Ma- racaybo. Lo"- ^ 40- W- lat. 9.^6. N-^^ T R U Jicoter.*, and 4; N. by E. 01 Ion. 16. n. E. Ut. jS. 4*. N. I, Si. a (t.ijxirt ut France, in liKiu cf Var and late prDVince Ic, with .1 rit.idcl. It IS fc.ittd Icf Cirinia'.ild, on tlit- Mcdiitr- Iniii.i S, W. uf Krtjus, :ind 5^ rlcillcb. Lt'ii, (■. 44, E. lit. 41, •\w, ;i town of Gcrmanv, iti 1 Upjici Siltfi.i, whitli ii lub- Ic liouit: uf Auilria. It is the 1,1 duchy iif llie liimc n.tinc, witii caillc. It is a large, hindfoinc, Ij; town, one of iht: principil in ^It was i.ikcn by the rnillnns in 1756, hut itftorid to the houle ia by a treaty fubltqucnt to each It is I'eated in a plcafant plain, ivefs Oppa and Mohra, 40 miles . of Ol'nutz, and 71 S. liy K. of Loii. 17. 40. E. lat. to. I. N. viiKiix.K, n town of Wiltflure, larket on Saturday, I'e.ned on a renvarki;i'!c for clotiiieis. It i> S. W. of Marib'ToiiLjb, and 9? London. Lon. 1. 6. W. lat. ;i. YI'S, an ancient, large, rich, a, and wine. It is featcd on ■cr Seine, 30 miles E. N. E. of md 90 E. S. E. of Varis. Lon. 4 ■ lat. 4^. 13. N. ov, was an ancient and famous ciiy a. near the Archipelago, and at the " Mount Ida. It is well known for years Hej'e. There are fo many ruins ftill remaining an to fhow it llood. Lon. i6. jo. E. lat. ij. Vf'iLi.o, a town of S. Amcric.i, in Firraa, and in the territory of Ve- la, 110 miles S. of the lake of Ma- po. Lon. 7. 40. \V. lat. 9, 46. N. § ' Trump- T S C Tui'MPiNnTON, ,1 village In Cam- tindgtlhire, two nide» from Canibndj;e, vvlicre ftvcral Roman antiiL mill, cnmtntmoratcd by Chaucer, in Tlic Miller's Tale. Tiuiio, fl h(T/Ui;h of Cornwall, with two markc'*. on W'ldnefd ay and Saturday. It IS one of the belt fiv. n. in the Connt> , ind the rtfidcncc (^f in.inv j'U'titl fanii- iits. It hai the benefit of tin- n inaj;c of >jii, and its chief huline'i i^ in ilnppin^ ;iii and copper ore, foun I in ai>iinilante in the paridies N. and S. ot ihe road lead'n^; htiice to Redruth. Here, after t!-.e dm- li.c battle of Nafebv, the wel^trn forten It Charles I. under lord Hopcton, lur- nndcred to pene^al F.iirfix. Truro is kited at the verv head of Falmciith har- i'Our, 711 milei W. hv S. t,{ Kxtttt, and j<7 \V. by S. ot Londcn. Lon. 4. 55. W.lat. 50. ift. N. I'kuxi I i.o, a cnnfiderabjc town of Spun, in Eliraimdura, taken from the .Minis abiiut the niiddle of the thirteenth rin'.ury. It is Icatcd aiiumj; niouniiins, on the li'e of » hill, at whole top is a Ihong cii.ul'i. It is near ttie river Al- iiiunt, I I- miles S. T.. of Madrid, and 65 S. VV. of Tuledo. Lon^ J. 23. \V. lat. 59. 4. N. Tki'xrr.i.o, a rich and trading town of S. America, in Pern, in the audience uf Lima, bntlt by Francis Pi/arro, in i;;<. In iis territory are above ^o,coo nilive Americans, who are tributary to Spain. It IS featfd in a fertile country, (■II a fmall river near the South Stn, where tliere is a harbour, xon miles from Lima. Lon. -8. 3^. VV. lat". S. i. S. T HI' XI 1. 1.0, a town ;ulf of the fame name, wiih a gtHxl harbour. It is very lirong by fituation, being built between two rivers, and furroimdeil by ilixlt groves. Lon. Sn. 50. W. !.ii. i(). 20. N. Tsc'HUTSKI, H eo'.intrv fitiiated at ilic eattern extremity of ACu, oppnfite the N. VV. coaft of AmLrira, Iw iiig boand- eri by the Anadir nn the S. The attention of the natives, like that of the wandering Koriacs, is coniincd rhi' uv to their ileer, with which rheir tount'-y abounds. Tliev ,rc a well-made, courai; oo"., warlike race I'i people, and arc formidable neighbours to the Koriacs of both nations, who often experience their depred;ityin';. The HuC- fniishave long endeavoured tr bring thcui tinder their dominion ; and tlu)iw,h iluy hn-c 1)11 a great numocr of men, i'l thr;ir dilferent ej(pcditions tJ »ccuin{iiiilt (hU T V E purpofc, they have never vet bcrn able tu erti-Cl It. Lm. l')H. 41. VV lat. 66. 5. N. Thkisiun. SccKisii. rt.M.M, a town of Ireland, in the county of GaUvay, with an arihbilhop'* fee i un which account it is idi'd a liiy, but It is now reduced to a (m ill \-ulf^t. It i. fi mills N. N. K. of Oalway, and »J VV. S. W. of Rolcumm.m. Lon. x 4'- VV. |,»t. ^1 ij. N. Tc'hA.s, a town c.f Afii, tiic ol tlis ftit.ngill in the lllaiid of J ivi, w iti 1 hf Ocrmany, in the circle of Suabia, and the lecond in the duchy of Wirtemburg, with a univcrfity, and a handfome calUe. Its fortifieatieins conlift In a limplt curtain of wah, with .1 eirv ditch. There is a large houle called New Bi'i, where a certain numlicr of ftudents in law arc lodged and boarded gritis. In the townhoule u a very curi- ous cleick, \vili>h deferves the attention 1 f travellers. Tubingen is festi.el em the river Ncckar, in a country abounding in orn and vv Inc, 10 miles S. VV. of Stut- gard, and so E. of Stralbqrg. Lon. 9. 4. E. lat. 48. JO. N. Tut'LMAN, a province of S. America, in Paraguay. The air is hot, and ihc earth Tandy. Some parts, however, arc fruitful ; and the original natives have a good charafter. Ti'CUYO, a town of S. America, in Terra Firma, in the government of Ve- nezuela, and in a valley e)f the lame name. A river runs through the middle of the valley ; the air is good •, and the foil a- bounds in fugar-canci, cotton, and all ilie necclTuries or life. Lon. 69. 2. W. lat. 7. u.ti. TUDDIKOTON, or TODDINCTON, a fmall town of Bedfordfliirc, with a fmall market on Saturday, aimoft difufcd. It is five miles N. W. of Dunftaiilc, and 35 N. VV. of Londo% L inhabited by a great number of the nob'.litv, and adorned with feveral hand- (bme lirudtures. It Hands on the river Flbro, Dver which is a handfome bridge, in a c-Hintry that produces good wine, 4; milts N. VV. of SaragolTa, and 140 N. E ejf Madrid. Lon. 1. lo, VV. lat. 42. 9. N. ' Tver, a government of RuIHa, which was once an independent prineipa- liiy, united te) the Rulljan empire by Ivaa Vnniievitch, in i4<*o> *nd comprifed in Xx4 the I T V E TUN 8m, j>iiic, iir. iii"'i'>M >-*• . ••- i - drupctK are elks, bf'irs, wolves t:.xi:s, vild Ro«s, lures, bmlRcrs, nurttns, vtafdb, ermiiKS. ferrets riiuirrels, mar- inottes. -Vc. Tilt principal Ur.ls arc e.i"lei, falcoi^i.cranf., lirroni., lupins, wild Pcpieana diu-ks. pirtridjies qiioil«. woocl- Cicks, fiiipes, and black game ; alfo, cro«s, r.iVtriN, nvigpics, blukUirvl-, Itar- lings, fp:\rn)'vs, iiii;htini;iUs litinuts Lirks, and yilbwhammtrs. KtTiile the ♦Hhcs foinmoii to nn>ll lakts and rivti^, rrij't) Un(;iup,ei, (trithmetic, ncofjrapbv, fnrtiliciti.">n, laaici, natural plnlolophy, mufic, riding, dancine, .Vc Tver is ■;<) miles N. N. \V. of Mofcow. Lon. jC. t. K. lat. 56. 7. N. ^ t ■* Ti'tA, a government of Ruma, for- mcrly a province of the govtrnin-nt uf Molfow. Its capital, Rtfan, is fcated on the Trubeft), which falls into the Occa. Tui.lis. a confiderablc cnmmcrci 1 town nt Kr.tnce, in the depirtmint "f townofR.,mi,rapit.lof the government j^es and 0, S. W. of Clermont. Lon. ,. bcrli, and the Icuthcrn provinces, toward is leated ncnr tnc river lu , ^ ^_^ k ^■ I'ctcrihurcrU. It is divided into the old and new town: the tormrr, fitiiatcd on tlic oppofitc tide of the Volga, conlifts al- jnoft entirely of wooden cottages ; the latter having been dell roved by- a dread- ful conflagration in 176 J, has rilcn with luftre from its ;ilhos. Tne cinprels, or- I Ccred a regular and beP.|«iful plan of a new tosvn to be made ; ti.ji'ining all the houles to be ninftruaed acrordin^ to this model. At her own rxpence, ;hc rylcd the governor'* hoirirc, the ipilcop;il palace, the courts of iuftice. the eN.<- ,a_i;ed to build a houTu of brick, nicoft'ered a loan of 3Cq1. for ayvar, without intereft. The money which her mijettv advanced on this occafion, amounted to 6o,oool. and Ihe hasTince remitted one third of this futn. The ftrttts, which are broad and linee from an oi\A- IN itaivu II,. >i >■•' ■ > abourdmc; in corn and wine, i? miles \\ . of Vienna. Lon. 16. 6.E. hit. 48. M- N- • Ti Ml' 1., a rapid river of PcnhllurL in Scotland, which, after exhibiting inary beautiful caiarafts, forms itfelf into a lake. called I.f«ch Tumel, and afterward fails into the Gi^rry, TuMiitiHf.K, a town of Kent, witna market on Fridav. It is featcd on he river Tun, one of the five branches of the Medway, over each of whicti is a ftoiic bridfc. Here arc the rums of a lariic calilci ereftcd bv Ricbaid, earl of Clare, natural fon of Richard I. duke of Nor: mandv ; and here is a famous frccfcho..!, founded by a native of the town, in the rei-n of .lueen Elil'abeth. In this pan h, fue inii.s S. of the town, are the ccle- bratcd halvbeatc fprings, called 1 un. bruise Veils. Tunbridgc is 35 miles N. W. by N. of Rve, and 30 S. E. by S. of London. Lon. 0. 10. E. lat. j'- »4- V; ,_ ^i^. w TUN tlie Cfntrc. The h'dufi'j trt ' f luce Ki\ white, and make a mj^ni- ippturance. The plani when com- w.ii to compiilc two ()4taw:'iin, cvtr.il flrectt Itadinj^ frnin tncm, |ii«-rlt^'nj? each other at ri^lit Here It an ecclelVilhciI IciTiiniry, ailiniti 600 ftiiiJciiis. In 17-'., ijiilIs founded n fclmol for the in- 'n of 200 burghers' children 1 an I, J0< an academy wat alfo oncii'd m |\> n, for the educntion of tht yoiini; |y of iht province, nf the charge of Ine imperial p.itroncfs. It admit. liiiltnts, whu arc inl\ru^\cd in t >- llan^iupei, arithmetic, );roprapliv, :jti'in, la^'lics, n.iturai philnlophy, liilinfj, dancing, ,Vc. Tvtr is i^o N. N. W. of Mofcow. Lon. 3' . I:tt. 56. 7. N. I" II. A, a government of RufTia, fnr- r a province of the govtriiin:nt of ow. Its capital, Rcfan, is fcafed on "rubefh, which falls in'o tht Occa, Mils, a confiderablc commerci 1 oi Kr.ince, in the depirtmtnt nf cic and late territory vf Llttioltn, a bilhnp's fee. The cithcdral is f.- for iti ftccple, which is very liiel. curious. I<^!i fented at the coriflii of the rivers Corrc/c and Sol ir. , ly on a mountain, and partly below r, country fiirroundei! by mountains an. I ipiccs. It is ;7 miles S. E. ofLiino- and (11 S. W. of Clermont. Lon. 1. W. lat. 45. 2 1.N. "iM.v, a town of Germany, in fir le of Auftrii, near the Wienanvahl, vooil of Vienna, with a bidiop's fee. Ir .■ated ncir the rivtr Tuln, in a countrv urdinn; in corn and wine, 15 miles W. 'ienns. l^on. 16. 6. E. lat. 48. 14. N. Ti'MiM., a rapid river of Pcnlidiiri. Scotland, which, after exhibiting many utiful catarafts, forms itfeif into a lake, c:d I.fich Tumel, and afterward fail,'. > the Gnrry. ruNHUiiKiK, a town of Kent, with a iket on Friday. It is feated on 'he IT Tun, one of the five branches of tiic :dway, over each of whicn is a ftoiie iltjc. Here arc the ruins of a larpc He, ereftcd by Ricbaid, earl of Clare, ural Inn of Richard I. duke of Nor- ndv ; and here is a famous frccfchonl, inded by a native of the town, in the ^n nf queen Elil'abeth. In this parilh, c inii'.'s S. of the town, are the cc!e- ited balvbcate fprings, called Tun- (lj;e ' V'clls. Tunbridgc is 35 miles N. . by N. of Rvc, and 30 S. E. by S. of indun. Lon. o. 20. E, lat. 31. 14. N. Tl'.v- T U N TUN TvsORinr.F. Wen.^, ■ town of bcForc thii place with n hrrje fquiifrwi, Kent, live mdf» 8. of Tunbrid/e, but in and threatened to buuilnrJ ir, on .ifCouitt tt. ^faine n.iiith. It is much relorted to of romc capture, ilut hid been in.i.u. ) but in June, July, «iid Augurt, on .itcouni of th' inlubitantt eteaprd, by prnniirinj Its chalvbe itt waitr-., y.lri-h were ilif- never to niolelt the Frinch any iiiyre. It tovtrcd here, In ific6, by Dudley 1 jrd is a place of ^rcat trade, and W 10 niilet North. The lirft buildinf* were eretUd from the fca, 17 s ^- ^^'- by N.of Trn«.|i, here in i'jj'j. The pitknt town 1 feated and 3H0 k. of Algiers. I. on. 10. it.. E. at the bottom of iliree hills, called Mount lat. ^6. 41. N. Sinai. Mount Epluaiin, anil Mount TLa. Ti Vis, a kingdom of Africa; boumlii fint, on which .ire liattered fonie vivn\ on the N. E. by the Mediterranean, atd houfes, orchards, and >;u-deni ; and a^ the the kinj-.d'.in of Tripoli; on the S, by country here is naturidly wild, ihc ctfVtt feveral tribes nf liic Arabs ; and on the of the whole is very roinanlie and pi^.hi- W. by the kingdom of Ai|;ici's, and the 1 reftiue. Here arc all the buildings re- nuiiitc for the acroMimodaiion of tht nobi- lity and gciiirv, "lib a th.ipel of eale, a plentiful marker, and (bopsnottd for tluir rle^ lilt turnery ware. Adoiu a mile and a half from tht Wells arc lome ftiineii- dous rocks, winch no traveller Diuuld fail to vifit, In fomt parts tlicy are 7^ feet countrv of Klab •, beinf; 300 milts ia length from E. to W. and ; o in breadth from N. to 8, Tlli^ couniiy w.i» for- merly a monarchy ; but a tlirtlrence ;i. riling between the lather and lon, one of which wa. for the protrdtion of the Chriniaiis, and the other fur that of the Turks, in 11.74. 'I>e inhabitants (hook off high, the mean height being 40 i and they the yoke of both. From tlii'. limc it be- have the appearance of the hulks of l.iri;c came a republic, under the prott^fion . E. I.it. ::. JO. N. mountains ani vallics abound in Iruiis, Tl'NIA, a tovvn'of £. America, in but ihe weftern part u the moll ferule. Terra Fiima, in the province of New bccuife it is watered by rivers. The ci'- Oranada, and capital of a diftriiM of the virons of Tunis are vcr dry, upon which fame name. It is feattd on a high nioun- account corn is gtner.nly dear. Tlic ir« lain, in a country wlurt there are j;old roads of the Arabs obl'ge the inliabitanta and emeralds, 30 miles S. W. of Truxillo. to low their barley and lyt in tht luburl>«, Lon. 73. 5. W'.lat. v 0. N. and to inr!y tlx two fuburbs, whi^h ■.■onlaiii 1000 luiule?. divan, which is compofcd of loldiers, who Within the \. i.i.«, ovt, fa.ip, and ollrichcs eggs aod fiaih-rj. The Maiiorr.ctan . of this city havt n-iic culiLijes for itutl" nts, ami 86 petty tcho)'.--. Tr.c piincip.it rcTiginn is Mah.)[ntt:(nii"in ; and tlic inhabit-ints conlif! of MiKirs, Turkj, Arabs, Jews, and Chriilian flaves. Tt-'RCKUKTM, a town nf Fiar.ct, In the rffjwrtment 'f Upper Phiii. ml kite province of Aifacc, near tnc river (Johiiar, rcn:arkabic for a vi£torv eiined ln-re by Turenne, ovr.r the Tmptri.ilifts, in 167!;. It n about a niili; N'. \V. of Colmar. Lvn, •;. '.6. E. Lit. 48. 5. N. Tfac'jM \Ni A, a province of Turkey in Afia, now called A 11 M k n i a . Tt'KCOMAXs, Tehekkmkns, or Trukhmkxjans, a people of Afia, who fpeak. the Turkirfi dialed' of the Tartar hmguagc, and iniwbit tb. ;aftern lltjpc of Mtnint Caiicafus, the coai'. of the Ca(pian about Boinak, Derbent, and Ute- nifi, and the fouthern promontories l>e- tween the Tea and the river Alazan. Some of them are fubjeft to the khan of Cuba ; others to a chief who refides at Nukhu ; aod a third to the fovereign of Georgia. TuRKSNE, a town of France, in the department or Corrczeand late territory of Limot'in, with a caftle, 4z miles S. of JLimogt-.. Lon. i. 30. E. lat. 41;. 9. N. TuRiV, an ancient, populous, and flouriftiinj; city of Italy, the capital of Piedmont, and rcfu^encc of its fovereign ♦lie kinpc of Sardinia, with an archbilhop's fee, a ftrong citadel, and a univerfity. ft is feared on a v;ift phiMi, at the ioot of the Alp-, and ar rlit ccinHiiciicc of the rivers Doria and Pn. It is one nf the hsdd- ibnii-ft places in Italy, but tlie air h un- faeaithy in atitiimn and winter, on account of •*!■- '.l;ck fu^s. Moll ef the ftreots .ire well buili, uniform, clean, ftraiubr, aud terminsrintr on frrnc agreeable objccf.The Strada di Po, the t'lnfli and lar^ft in rhc fity, leads to t))(: roya! palace, and i". adorno! with piazzas that are at once bf-tiitiful and cutivenienr. The 1 tval pi- lare Confills of two ma^;nificcnt flru£tures, joiiKd ii-Hjtther by a gallery, in - iiicli are fercral piflurei, ftirucs, and :"iti([iiitics of ercai value. Tiie furniture is lieh and •iep-iTit ; and tic floors are curioufly inlaid with various kinds of wtod, and kept al- Tfavs in a !htc '-•f Ihtning briglitncls. Tu- rin is well firtifitd, and exirciiit'y Uroug. The cif'idel in-tU, mai^erpitce of architec- riirc. There *|« tir\e walks on thenm- p.irt?, which require two li iirs to jvifj ltH!i«J' thtm. Tiicre arc alfo very tine gjrdeiis on the f;de of the rirer Po ; ir.A the houle called T:. Charitt; is remarkable, as there is room for 1000 poor people. The collej^e of the academy is very large and well-built, and ii:ts a great number of ancient infcrijitioh';. The French befiep;ed thii city in 1706 ; but prince Engeue at. tacked them before the -vails, totally de- feated their army, and compelled them to raifc the ficpe. Turin is charmingly fi ated at the foot of a mountain, 60 nulcs N. E. of Genoa. 6.5 S. W. of Milan, and iio N. W. of Rome. Lun. 7. 45. E. lat, 45. <. N. Ti'KKi-.y, a very large empire, ev- tendt-d over part of Europe, Afia, and A*'rica. Turkey in Kurnpe is bounded on the N. by RuHia, Poland, and Scla- vonia ; (m the E. by the Black Sea, the fea of Marmora, and the Archipelago ; on the S. by the Mediterranean ; and or the W. by that lea, and the Venetian and Auftrian territories. It contains Beflara- bia, Moldavia, Walachia, Bulgaria. Ser- bia, Bolhia, Romania, Macedonia, Janna, Livadia, Epirus, Albania, part of Dalma. tia, and the Morea. Thefe countries lie between 17° and 40" E. lon. and 36'^ and 49' N. lat. extending about 100c miles in length and 900 in breadth Turkey in Afia is bounded on the N. by the Black Sea and Circaifia ; on the E by Perfia, on the S. by Arabia and thf Mediterranean ; and on the W. by th( Archipelago, the (ea of ]\!iarmora, am the flraits of Conftantinoplc. It liJ between 17" and 46' E. lon. and zS'' anj 4^'-' N. ht. extending 1000 'iles in lengtj and >^oo in breadth;, ' containing th| countries of Irac- Arabia, Diirbeck, Cuij dillan. Armenia, part (.f Circ,dli,i, NatJ lii, and Syria, witb PahOifie, or tlie Hoi Land. In Africa, the Turks h.ave lUI' precarious fovcrci,, ty over Egvpt. ihele countries (v iiich fee refptAivelJ the cliniiite, produfli"iis, manners, fJ mull be various. Cuiittantinoplc is tl capital of all Turkey. In general, tl Turks arc very moderate in eating, lovt of reft and idtenefs, and confequently i| very fit to underiro fatigues. Polygai| is ail-'.ved among them ; but their v.iv properly fo called, are no more than f N. W. of Rome. Lon. 7. 45. E. lat. I45. <. N. Ti'KKKY, a very large empire, tx. Itcnckd over part of F.uropc, Afia, and lA'rica. Turkey in Muropc is bounded on tile N, by Rudia, Poland, and Stla- vonia ; ^oo in breadth;, ' containing the. countricfi of Irac- Arabia, Uiirbeck, Ciir- dillan. Armenia, part of Circdlia, Nato- lia, and Syria, witb PaleOinc, or the Holy Land. In Aftica, the Turks have lUl! a precarious fovcrci,, ty over Egypt. Of thefe countries (\'. iiich lee refpeiTivcly) the climate, produflii'iT;, manners, tVc. mud be various. Cuiittantinoplc is the capita) of all Turkcv. In general, the Turks are very moderate in eating, lovei- of reft and idtenels, and confequently not very fit to underiro fatigues. Polyjiamy is ailowcd among them ; hut their v.ives, properly fo called, are no more than f(^\r in number. They arc charitable toivard ftranjV-fs, let their religion be what it will, and no nation fuflirs adverfitv with greater patience than they. The grand figuior is ablolute maftcr of the I'oud^ and livRs of his fill jci'^'., infomuch tint thev are little better than Haves. The titles he afTumes are, God upon Earth, the Sii;i low of God, the lircthcr of tlic Sun Anil Me'on, the Dilpoler of Crowns, 8:c. The T U S The grand vizir is the chief next the em- peror f but it is a dangerous place, for he often depofes them, and takes off their heads juft as he pleafes ; and here it may be obfervtd, that though the grand fignior has luch prodigious power, he i'cldom ex- tends it to thole tiiat live a private life, for thefe may remain as quiet as in any other pan of the world. It h commonly obl'crved, that his balliaws, governors, and officers of Hate, arc the children of Chri- flian parents, which aie commonly taken in war, or purr.iafed. The Turks have always very numerous armies on foot, the chief of .idiich arc the Janil'arics, who have been bred in the Seraglio, and have uftd military diicipline from their infancy. Of thelc they have always 25,000, and ihcre may be about 100,000, who have that name. Tiie Turks believe in one God, and that his great prophet is Mahomet. * TiKNHAM Gkeen, a large village of Middlefex, in the parifh of Chifwick. Here lord Heathfield, the celebrated de- fender of Gibraltar, had a villa, where he died. It is Hve miles W. of London. TuKNHOUT, a town of Auftrian Bra- bant, 24 milts N. E. of Antwerp. The Spaniards were defeated near this place, by prince Maurice of Naflau, in 1648. Lon. 5. o. E. lat. 51.22. N. Ti'Ksi, a town of the kingdom of Naples, feated on the river Sino, eight miles from the gulf of Tarento, and 50 ^. W. of Bari. Lon. 16. 50. E. lat. 40. 36. N. Tuscany, r. fovereign ftate of Italy, with the title jf a grand duchy ; bounded vn the N. by Romagna, the Bolognefe, the Modenefe, and the Parmefaii ; on the S. by the Mediterranean ; on the E. by the duchy o: Urbino, the Perugino, the Drvietano, .he patrimony of S;. Peter, 3nd the duchy of Callro ; and on the VV. by the Mediterranean, the territory of J^ucca, aii, line cariiicu varc, and gilt leather. They are much vihred by foreigners, on acco'int of their polite- ^(si, tad becauft the Tv.fc,;ij language is TTJ Y the purcft in all Italy. This duchy is divided into tlirce parts ; namely, the Florentino, the Piiano, and the Siennofe to which lomc add the idands. John Gaf- ton, the laft duke of Tufcany.of the houfe of Medicis, died in 1737, without leaving any heirs male. By virtue cf ihe treaty of London, concluded in 1718, the emperor Charles VI. had promifed Tul'cany, as a fief of the empire, to Don Carlos, infant of Spain, us being the ntareft male heir. Bun that prince, impatient to become liiafler of it, obliged the Florentines, in 1732, to pay him homage, before th« death of the grand duke, and without the confent of the emperor. A war being kindled in Italy, Don Carlos became matter of the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily ; and their polfeflion was confirmed to him by the pence concluded in 1735. But he was obliged to renounce his right to Tufcany, in favour of Francis J. empe- ror of Germany, then duke of Lcrrain, to whom it was ceded as an equivalent for that duchy, which he had given up to France. Florence is the capital. TuTBiJRY, a town o*^ Stalfordfhire, with a market on Tuel"day. It had a large cattle, which flood on an alabafter hill, and was demolilhed by Henry J 11, but fcveral of the tov ers, and a finall part of the wall, hill remain, it has a pro- fpeft to the E. over the rivers Dove and Trent, as far as Nottingham, befide manjr other txtenfive profpedts. It is 15 miltt .." E. of Stafford, and 134 N. E. of London. Lon. I. 40. W. lat. 53. o. N. TcTLiNGEN', a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wir- temburg, near the river Danube. Tl'tacorin, a populous tov.n of the peninfula of Hindooltan, in the Caniaric, oppofite the ifland of Ceylon. Here the Dutch have a fa6lory. It is 60 miles N. E. of Cape Comorin. Lon. 76. 40. £. lat. 8. 15. N. TuxKORD, a town of Nottingham- iliirc, with a market on Minday. It it feated in a clayey foil, 13 miles N. by W, of Nevvaik,and 137 N. by W. (if London. L<>n. o. 50. W. lat. 53. 16. N. Tu Y, a town of Spain, in Galicia, with a bilhop's Ice. It is furroiindcd by ttrong walls and ramparts, and is well furniflied with artillery, becaul'e it is a ftonfier town toward Portugal. It is feated on the top of a moun'ain, near the river Minho, in a pleafant, fertile, and well cultivated coiln- try, where there is nothing to be feen but ga'-dens, orchards, vineyards, and cori)- fiel(l« ; 62 miles S. ..r Conipoflella, ar.d 1 54 \y. of Madrid. Lon. 8. i;. W. lat. 4*. •f. N. •' r. <-iy in., are ftiU kept up, with Sca"carJ and feneration, by the prcient froprictor; and Strawberry Hill, the e le- |ant Gothic retreat of the ">-l"f 9f°'i' letter known as Mr. Iforace \i.ilpo.c. 'n the church, Pope, and his parents, arc interred, and there is a monument to his ' S"nory erefted by bilhc. Wa.burton. ^e gunpowder and oil-mils are on a lof the river Coin, which flows htrc «W branch or tnc nvci vw..., ........ - alTo the Thames. Twickenham is eleven inilesW S. W. of London. * TwEEDJMViK, rugged and heathy niountains, ia the S- part of Peebleslh.re, in Scotland. , • n i, TYCOKilV, a town of Poland, m Pola- chia, with a ftrong calile, and a mint t , fe felted on the Narew. zz miles N. W.cf '*'* TyI^oW, one of the Molucca Iflands. two or three leagues diftant from ^TyNE, the princlpa! nver of Northum- berland. formed of a S. branch from the Sty of Durham, and a ^. one frora tW? hills on the borders of Scotland. 1 hefe unitinK a bttlc above llcxham, form a We rVer.which flowing to Ncwcaftlc eu- ur& the German Ocean, at Tinmoiith. _ * Tyn F, a nver of Scotland, which n- f« in the mountains in the S. ol Hadding- [onfhire, wat.rs Haddingtois ami enters the German Ocean to the W. of Dunbar. TvKEMoi'T... SeeTisMomH. Tvre, a fenport of Syiw, m that part formerly called Phoenicia, once a place of excVediLly great trade. It is r^lfo famous for a n^elffifti, which dies a tine purple, thence called' the Tynan dye. lyre s iJw nothing but a heap of venerable ruins i but it h.s two harbours, that on the ^ fide excecdindy good; the other chok- td up by the ruins of the cuy. It is 60 niiles l^.VV. of Damafcus. Lon. 35- "• ^"TyR^Iw, a'larpe wcU-fortified'town of Upger Hungary, in the palaimate ot ' V A D Trcntfchin. It is 30 miles N. E. of Pref. burg. Lon, I7.39-K. lat.48. 23. N. Tykonk, a county of Irelan^l, "> tlie province of Ulftcr, 46 '^-ilcs in length, and 57 in breadth; bounded on the N. by Londonderry ; on the E. by Armagh and Loueh Ntagh ; on the S. by Fermanagh ; and on the W. by Donegal. It is a rough country, but tolerably fruitful; contains 30 parilhcs, and fends lo members to par- liament. The capital is Dungannon. Tysted. a town of Denmark, in the province of N. Jutland and territory of Albur", with a citadel, feated on the gult of Limt..d, 44 mil" N. W. of VViburg, and 46 W. of Alburg. Lon. 8. 15. E, lat. 1:6. 54- N. . . • 1 « Tyvy, or Teivy, the principal river of Cardiganlhire, in S. Wales, which ilTues from a lake on the E, fide of that county, waters Trcgannon ai^id Llan- bcder, and enters the bay of Cardigan, below the town of that name, . T/AD'iRiLLA, a town of Alia, in Natolia Proper, hiJar the river Sangar, or Aclu, about 63 miles S. E. of Nice. Lcn. 31. 8. E. lat. 39. O.N. , , -D ir TiARTTZYN, a town of the Kuiliau empire, in the government of Saratoh, feated on the Volga, ixo miles N. W. , »^ _ T„_ ^« .1- K. lat. Ab. f Aftracan. Lon. 4J- ^5- '^- »*• ^^' O.N. V and U- VAAST, St. a town of France, in the department of the Channel an4 late province of Normandy, five miles from Harfleur, and eight from Valogne. Vaeres, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aveiron and late province of kouergue. Though it was an epitcopal fee behire the revolution, it is little bctttr than a village. It has fome m.anufafturcs of ferges, dimitits, and cottons, and n feated'at the confluence of two fmall rivers that fall int.- the Tarn, a little dillance off. it is 30 miles S. E. of Rodez, and 31 E. of Alby. Lon. 2. 55- E- '*'• 42- ^7-N . . Vacua, a town of Germany, in the landgravate of Heffe-Caffel, 40 miles S. E. oY Caffel. Lon. 10, iz. E. lat. 50, c- N Va'ia, a town of Itj.ly. in the duchy of Tufcany, feated on ihe Tufcan Sea, zo miles S, of Leghorn. Lon. 10. 20. E.Ut, '^^vVdo,' a feaport of Italy, in the terri- tory of Genoa, with a fort ; three miles \V. of Savona, and 24 S. W, of Genoa. Lo„.8,8.E.lat.44.-5-N. ^^^^^^^^^ P ' V A D n. It is 30 miles N. E. of Prer. n. 17. 39. E. lat. 48. 23. IM. NK, a county of Ircianfl, in tlie [of Ulftcr, 46 miles in length, and cadth J bounded on the N. by irry ; on tile E. by Armagh and peagh ; on the S. by Fermanagh ; e W. by Donei'ial. It is a rough but tolerably fruitful; contains es, and fends 10 members to par- Tlie capital is Dungannon. F.D, a town of Denmark, in the of N. Jutland and territory of with a citadel, feated on the gulf L d, 44 miles N. W. of VViburg, IV. of Alburg. Lon. 8, »;. E, lat. JN. 'VY, or Teivv, the principal f Cardigaiilhire, in S. Wales, ITues from a lake on the E. fide of nty, waters Tregannon and Llan- snd enters the bay of Cardigan, le town of that name, D';Rir.i,A, a town of Ada, In Proper, near the river Sangar, or )out 63 miles S. E. of Nice. Lon. lat. 39. 0. N. RfTzvN', a town of the Rufliaa in the government of Saratof, on the Volga, no miles N. W. racan. Lon. 45. Z5. E, lat. 48. • V and U. . A A ST, St. a town of France, in the department of the Channel and rovince of Normandy, five miles farfleur, and eight from Valogne. L'rtEs, a town of France, in the de- :nt of Avciron and late province of jue. Though it was an epifcopal ore the revolution, it is little bctttr village. It has feme m.anufafturu ;es, dimities, and cottons, and h at the confluence of two fmall rivers ill int.-' tlie Tarn, a little diitance t is 30 miles S. E. of Rodez, and of Alby. Lon. 2. 55, E. lat. 43. HA, a town of Germany, in the ivate of Heffe-CaflTel, 40 miles S. Cafltl. Lon. 10, 12. E. lat. 50. iA, a town of Italy, in the duchy cany, fcatcd on the Tufcan Sea, jo i. of Leghorn. Lon. 10. 20. E.lat. . N. :>o, a feaport of Italy, in the terri- F Genoa, with a fort ; three miles Savona, and 24 S. W. of Genoa. .8. E.lat. 44. 15. N. Yadsteik, V A L Vadstein, a town of Sweden, in E. Gothland, feated on the eaftern bank of the lake Wetter, near the river Motala, about 31 miles W, of Nordkioping. The kings of Sweden had formerly a palace here, which is now in ruins. Lon. 15. 55. K. lat. ;3. 12. N. Vaf.na, a town of Spain, in Andalu- fia, feated at the fource of the river Caf- tro, 23 n.ilcs S. E. of Cordova, Lon. 3. JO. W. lat, 37, 40. N, Vaihincjf.v, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and duchy of Wir- temburg, feated on the river Neckar, 24 miles S. W, of Hailiiron. Lon. 9. 3. E, lat. 4S, 58. N, VAiSFAfx, a fmall ifland of N. Ame- rica, on the N. coaft of Louifiana, i)ttween the mouths of the Miflillippi and the Mo- bile, with a fiTiall harbour. Vaison, a poor town of France, in Provence, and in the Comtat Venaiffin, with a bifliop's fee, and lately fubjeft to the pope. It is feated on a mountain, on which there is a caflle, near the river Ore/,e, and the ruins of ancient Vaifon, which was one of the hrgell cities of the Gauls, It is It; milts N, E. of Orange, and 22 N. E, of Avignon, Lon. 5. 6, E, lat. 44, 15. N. VAi.,a village of the Netherlands, three miles W. of Maefiricht, where a battle was fought in July 1744, between the al- lied armies commanded by the duke of Cuniberland, and the French headed by marlhal Saxc, in which tlie latter were vitiforidus. * Valp Ai.atown of RulTia, in the go- ▼ernment of Novogorod. It contains fe- vcral new brick buildings ; and even the wooden houfes are more decorated than the generality of Rufllan cottages. It lies upon an agreeable flop'', on the left fide of the lake of rhe fame name. The coun- try round this town rifcs agreeably into a variety of g'.'utle eminences, and abounds with beautiful lakes, prettily fprinkled with woody iflands, and (kirted by forefts, corn-fieids, and padures. * Valdai Hii.ls, hills of Raffia, in the government of Novogorod, which, though of yo confiderable elevation, are the nigfteft in this part of the country. They fcparate the water* which flow to- ward the Cafpian from thofe which take their courfe toward the Baltic, * Valdai, Lake or, in the govern- ment of Novogorod, in Rulfia, It is about »o milts in circumferenrt, and is the larg- «ft in the country round the town of Val- dai. In the middle of it is an iiland, con- taining H convent which rifes with its nu- meroub fpircs among a cluftcr of furround- ing trees. VA j:~ Val-di-Demona, a province In ?ici- ly. It means the valley of Demons and is fo called, beeaufe Mount Etna, whicti is placed therein, throws out flames conti- nually, which occafiontd fupcrftitious peo- ple, in the times of ignorance, to believe that it was a chimney of hell. The capi- ta! of this province is Meilina, Val-di-Mazar A, a province in Si- cily, fo call'd from •> town of the fame miine. Ir is bounded vH the E. by the vallics of Demona and N 'to; and, on the Other fides, by the lea. This province cintains Palermo, the capital of the whole ifland. Val-di-Noto, one of the three pro- vinces of Sicily, fo named from the ca- pital town, ft lies between Val-di-Maza- ra, Val-di-Dcmona, and the fta, Vai, Ombuosa, a celebrated monafte- ry of Italy, in Tufcany, and in the Ap- penniue mountains, 15 miles E,fof Flo- rence. It is the chief of a congregation of the Bencdii^tine order. Lon. 11. 30. E. lat. 43. 46, N. VALrKKNBimo, or Faquemont, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of Limburg, eight miles E. of Maeftricht. Lon. 5, t,3. E, lat. 50. 51. N. Valckowar, a town of Sclavonia, feated on the river Walpo, near the place vvherc it falls into the Danube, between Eflcck and Pcterwaradin, 70 miles N. W. of Belgrade. Lon, 19. 52.E. lat, 45, 35- N. \ Af-ENCE, an ancient, confiderablo, , and populous city of France, in the de- partment of Drome and late province of Daiiphiny. It is feated on the left bank of the Rhone, furrounded by good walls, and is a bifliop's fee, with a citadel, and a fchoil of anrllcry. The greateft part of the public places, and many private houfes, are adorned with fountains. Befide the handfome cathedral, th!:re are many other cliurches, as well as late convents, that are worthy of notice. Valence is 30 miles N. by E. of Viviers, and 33; S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 52. E. lat, 44, 56. N. * Valk.vce, a town of France, in the department of Lot and Garonne and late province of Guienne, fituated on the Gi- ronne, 12 milts from Agtn. Vale.sck d'Alcantaua, or Va- LENZA d'Ai.cantara, a confiderable and populous town of Spain, in Eftrama- dura, with an old r.aftle. It is furround- ed by walls after the antique manner, flanked by fomc fmall haftions, and a few towers; IS very flrong by fitu*tion, being built upon a rock, near the river Savar, 10 miles S. VV. of Alcantara, and 40 N. of Badajoz. Lou. 6, 30. W. lar. 39. i6. N. Valen- f V A L • Vai-ence Y, a town of France, in the department of Imlrc and late province of Berry, with a caftlc, rcattil on the river Nabon, I 5 miles a. of Romor' V A I, K NT INK, a town of France, ,< the department of Upper Garonne a, late province of Langucdoc, nine miles N. E. of St. Bertrand. Lon. o. 57- E. lat. 43. I. N. VALEN-iA, or Valektia, a ftrong town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, capital of the 1-omeline, and fubjeft to the king of Sardinia, to whom it was ceded in 1707. It his been often taken and retaken in the wars of Italy, and is feated on a iTiountiin.near the river Po, is miles E. of Cafdl, and 3-, S. W. of Milan. Lon. 8. ;6. E. lat. 44. 58. N. V.vi.FTrE, a town of France, in the department of Charcntj and late pro- vince c)f Angoumois, 10 miles S. of An- gouleine. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 45. 30. N. * Valetta, a city of Maha, and the capital of that illand. It has the happiell fituaiion imaginable, and is wonJertully ftrong both by nature and art. It is feated upon a peninfula, between two of the fined ports in the world, which are de- fended by almoft impregnable fortificati- ons. Tha'i on the S. E. fide of the city is the Urgeft : it runs about two miles into the heart of the ifland, and is fo very deep, and furrounded by uich high grounds and fortifications, that the Urged (hips of war, it is faid, may ride here in the mod ftormy weather, almoft without a cable. Thu beautiful bafin is divided into five dif- tinft harbours, all equally fafe, each capa- ble of containing a vaft number of fliip- ping. The mouth of the harbour is fcarcelv a quarter of a mik 'broad, and 'm commanded, on each fide, by balteries that would tear th« ftrongeft (hip to pjeces be- fore Ihc could enter. Befide this it is • fronted by a (juadruple battery, one above the other, the largeft of which is a flnn- d'cau, or on a level with the water. The harbour on the N. fide, though only ufed for fifhing, and as a place of quarantine, is likewile well defended ; and," in an iiland in the centre of it, is a caiHe and a lazaret. The fortifications of Malta art, iodeed. a«^iH-w— ad- V A L, J town from the Spaniard}. Ir Irnied to him by the treaty of I, in 167S. In 1793, it lurrcn. Ithe Allies, a*'ccr a I'evcrc ficge. le, this city is notcfl formaniifac 1 woollen ftiiffs, and very fine li- ' is 10 miles W. S. W. of Mon;, of Cambray» and no N. E. [Paris. Lon,' i. 37. E. iat. 50. AO-DO-MiVHo, a fortified Porhu?al, in the province ,>f En. o-e-Douero } (eateJ on an enii. |ar the river Minho, three miles . Lon. 8. 1 1. W. Iat. 41. 2. >' TiNK, a town of France, tinent nf Upper Garonne a, lincc nf Languctloc, nine miles St. Ucrtrand. Lon. o. 1:7. E. N. ^ s-iA, or V\tF,N"riA, a ftrong Italy, in the duchy of Milan, the Lomcline, and lubjeft to the lardinia, to whom it was ceded It has been often taken and the wars of Italy, and is feattd "tain, near the river Po, ii miles al, and 3 ; S. W. of Milan. Lon, Iat. 44. 58. N. rrE, a town of France, in the nt of Charcntj and late pro- .'\ngoumois, 10 miles S. of An- Lon, 6. 15. E. Iat. 45. 30. N, .Err A, a city of Malta, and the that illand. It has the hapnicft imaginable, and is wonderfully th by nature and art. It is feateil xninfula, between two of the ts in the world, which are dc- f ahnoft impregnable fortificati- iat oij the S. E. fide of the city ;eft : it runs about two miles into of the ifland, and is fo very deep, undcd by nich high grounds and )ns, that the largeft (hips of war, may ride liere in the moft ftormy almoft without a table. Thu bafin is divided into 6ve dif- Durs, all equally fafe, each capa- itaining a vaft number of fliip- he mouth of the harbour is quarter of a mili;*broad, and 'n ■a, on each fide, by baVeries that r th« ftrongeft fhip to pjeces bc- could enter. Befidc this it is a quadruple battery, one above the laijrell of wliith is « fir,,,- in a level with the water. "The a the N. fide, tliou^h only uCed :, and as a place of quarantine, : Well defended ; and,' in an le centre of it, is a caftle and a Fhe fortifications of Malta art, iodeeiJ, V A J^ indeed, a very ftupcndous work. All the boallcd catacombs of Rome and Naples are trifles compared to tlic immenle ex- cavations that liavc been niaJe in ihi^ l<.t:le ifl.ind. The ditches, of a valt (\ic, are all cut out of the folid rock, and extend many milts. Valetta being built on a hill, none of the ftreets, except the quay, are level. They arc all paveJ with white frceftunc, which not only creates a gruit duft, but, from its colour, is iikcwile lo ojfenfivc to tlic cyc3, that nn>i\ of the in- habitants are remarkably vvcak-fightu!. The principal buildings are the palace ijf :he grinil malier, the infirmary, the irienal, and the i.rcat church of St. Joiin. This church is very magniiiccnt. Tlu' pavement, in par'icular, is ihe lichelt in the worid. It is ccnipot'ei* entirely of iepulchrdi n1onulnenI^ of the tiiicil mar- bles, porphyry, lapis lazuli, and a variety of other yaiuabin ftones. admirably joined together, at an incredible expence, repre- itnting, in a kind of Molaic, the arms, infignia, &cc. of the perfons whole names they are intended t'> commemorate. In the inagniliccnce of thei'e monuments, the Uc'iTi of the grand marters and command- ers have long vied with each other. The great fource of water that fupplies Va- letta rifes near Mdita, and is thence con- veyed ro the capital by an aqucdudl of fome thoufaiid arches, trefU'd at the pri. vate expence of one of the grand nia''- ters. Notvvithftanding the luppofed bigot- ry of the Maltefe, a moCquc vi-as built Jierc, about the year 1767, in vhich the jjoor Turk! Ill flaves an; permitted to en- joy th-.ir leligion in peace. The Turks iiLiiegcd this city in i 566, but, after many dreadful alTauIts, were compelled to raife the fiege, with the lols of 30,000 men. Vai.tta is iituatej oppofite Cape PalTero in Sicily. Lon. 14. 34. E. Iat. j!.. 54. N. Vai.i.auolib, an ancient, large, and handibme city of Spain, in Old Caftile, capital of a principality of the Came name, with a bidiop's fee, and a uiiiverlity. I: is furrounded by thong wal!;,, ar! embcl- lifhcd with haiidfome building';, (quares, and fountains. It contains 1 1,000 fioul'ta, with fine long and broad ftreets, and large high hyifes. The market-place, called El Cau'pj, is 700 paces in circum- ference, finrounded by a great number of convent;;, and is the place wheie tue fairs arc kcot. There is another fquarc, in the middle of the city, I'urroundtd by handfome brick, houl'.-s, Kiving under them piazzas, where people may walk Jry in all weathers. Witliin thefc piazzas are fliops. All the houfe-s are of the fami height, beiu£ four Itgnes ; and there a;'e v^xx bikonic* at every window, of iron gilr. There are 70 inon^llcries and nunneries, the fiiiell of which is that "f he Dmiij. cans, remail.able for its chjich, winch is one of the mull niagnitircn: in the titv. Tile kings refidtd a long wl'ilc at tiua place ; and the royal palace, which fii!! re- iiiains, is of very large extect, though but two flories high. Within are Jint paint- ings (if ijiidus kinds, and at one of tiic corners a curious clock like tli.it of Stial- burg. The townhoulc takes up tkc tu- tiie fide of a I'quarc. The hinife rj t'ne in(]uilition is an odd fort of a Aru6(ure, for there uc no windo»-s, but a few h'Met to let ii; i!ie light. The environs of the lily are costieil with gardens, orchards, \inevaie re- pulilic of" the 'Vallais, all the affair* of which are tranfa£ted in a diet, which con- fifts of uine voices, and nvcets twice every vear at Sion. At this diet the bilhop pre- tdwsv The republic is an ally of the thirteen cantons, and has formed a pirti- tular It-ajjue wim the ftvcn catholic can* tons, for the defence of their common re- li^ion. The inlwbitants of the Upper Vallais are very much fubjcft to goiters, or lari'c excrelcences of the flelli, that jrrow from the throat, and often mcreafe to an enormous fize ; but what is more extraordinary, idiocy alfo remarkably a- bounds among them. The lower clafs of people alfo are remarkably indolent and Sirty. From Mount Furca, its eafttrn boundary, two vaft ranges of Alps inclofe the Vdllais. The fouthern chain leparate* it from the Milanefe, Piedmont, and part cf Savoy i the northern divides it from the canton of Bern. Thelc two chains, m their various windings, form Itveral fmall Tallies, watered by numerous torrents that ru(h into the Rhone, as it traverfcs the whole diftrta, from the Furca to St. Maurice. A country intirely incloled within hitjh Alps, and confifting of plnms, elevated Vdl'.ies, and lofty mountain^, mutt neceffarily exhibit a great variety of litu- attons, climates, and produftions. Ac- cordingly, the Vallais prefents to the cu- rious traveller a .luick fucceinon cf pro- fptfts, as beautiful as they arc divcrftficd ; Tiineyards; rich pafture grounds, co- vered with cattle ; corn, flax, truit-trets, and foiefts, occalionally bordered by naked rocks, the fummits of which are covered bv evcrlafting fnow. This ftriking con- tfaR between the paftoral and the (ub- !ime, me cuhivated and the wild, caniiot but affeft the mind of an obferver with -he moft pkafing emotions. The pro- vdutiions of the Vallais vary alfo, accord- ing to the great diverfity of climates, by which this country is fo peculiarly dirtm- Euidied. It has more than fufficient wine and corn for interior confumption ; and a confideralilc quantity of both art- yearly exportr:! ; the foil 10 the midland -and lower diftrids being exceedingly rich :%hd fertile. In the pl«, where the heat ' is cotleaed, and co^^^ ^^^^^"".^^ mountains, the harwft 5r ufuaUy tuufiied in Julj : whereat, in the more elevated -— V A L part?, barley is the only grain that can if cultivated with fuccefs ; and the crop r» fcldom cut before November. About Sion, the tig, the melon, snd ttll the other fnius of Italy, come to pevfcdlion. ♦' in conl'equencu of this Angular variety of cli- mates," fays Mr. Coxe, " I '.afted, in the fame day, llrawberries, cherries, plums, pears, and grapes, each of them the natu- ral growth of the country." There are no manufadlures of any conftquence in the Vallais ; and, indeed, the ignorance of the people is no Icfs remarkable than their jndulcnce ; fo that they may be confidcr- ed, in regard to knowledge and improve- ments, behind the Ssvifs, who are certainly a vtry enlightened nation. The peafants fcldom endeavour to meliorate their lands where the foil is originally bad; nor to draw the moft advantage from thole that are uncommonly fertile. Having few wants, and being fatisfied with the fpn- taneous gifts ot nature, they enjoy her blefllngs, without much confidering in what manner to improve them. Vallemont, a town of France, in the deparUTient of Lower Seine and late province of Normandy, with a caftlc, i6 miles N. by VV. of Caudcbec. Lon. i. 15. W.lat. 49. 46- N. VALLbNcwN, a town of Swiffertand, capital of a county of the fame name, in the principality of Neuchatel. It Ires near the lake of Neuchatel, 25 miles N. \V. of Bero. Lon. 6. 40. E.lat. 47. 0. N. See Neuchatel. Valleus, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire and hcc province of Tourame, where there arc mineral waters. It is four miles N. W. of Tours. Lon. o. 4'- E- laf« 47- *4- N. Vai.LERV, Sr. a commercial town ot France, in the department of Somnr.' and late province of Picardy, at the mouth of the river Sommc, whofe tntriince is very dangerous. It is 10 miles from Abbeville, and 100 N. by W. of Pans. Lon. 1.3^- E.lat. 50, II. N. Vai.lery-f.n-Caux, St. atown ot Fiance, in the department of I.littTi. The principal trade i.f Vannes is in wheat and rye for Spain. They have a t.-ule alio in pilchards anel fea eel-;. Thi.s f.wn is 56 miles S. W. of Rennes, and 2:5 W. by S. of Pans. Lon. 2. 41. VV. lat. 47. 39. N. * Vau, a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Pro- vence. Jt takes its name from a river which has its fource in the county of Nice, and falls into the Mediterranean, three miles VV. of Nice. Vara.mbon, a town of France, in the department of Ain and late province of BreHc, feared on the river Ain, 14 miles N. N. VV. of B.mrg. Lon. 5. 15. E. lat. 46. 13. N. Varkndorf, a town of Gijrmanv, in the circle of VVeftphalia and bifliopric of Muntler, fcated on the river Embs. It is well fortified, and is one of the keys of this bifiiopric. Varennf.s, a town of France, in the department of AUicr and late province of Bourbonnois, fcated on an eminence nc.r. the river Ailier, 14 miles S. S. E. of Mou- lins. Lon. 3. 31. E. lat. 46. 22. N. * Varknnes, a fmall town of France, in the dcpai tmeiit of Meufe anil late pro- vince of Bar. Here Lewis XVI his queen, fiftcr, and cluldnn, were arrcfted, in their flight from the T.iilcrics, in June 1791, and condu^Tcd back to Paris. It is fj milts ■'•'. of Clermont. V;<.KN A, aconfiderablc town of Turkey in Europe, in Bulgaria, capital of the ter • y y utory T m TaTT U B E ritoryof Drobupia, withanarcli'iifliop'i fre, and a hii bour, I'cattd near tht iiioutli of the river Varna, on tl:e F.lack Sta, ji miles N. of Mei'cmbria, and 14^ N. VV'.cf Con- ftaotiiviolc. Lon. iH. ?.H. li. ht .j:, 44. N. VAKZty. n town ol Kranc, lu the ilc- partnititc of Yonnt ai^l Lire proviiici. "f Bdrirmidy, 31 miUs fr.iu Auxcrre, witli B callle and collc^'iatc chirfch. V ASM R iif II r;, a town of Germany, ill the circle and duchy of B:\vciria, and tcirhory of iMi.iinh, witii a caftle. It is iurroundcd by hij;,h mountains, and the calilc (lands at the liXtrtniity of the town. It is (tated on the river Inn, which alnioll lurrounds it, iS miles Iv of Munich. Lon. It. 1 ;. K. lat. 48. 10. N. Vassi, a town of France, in the de- partment "f Upp«r iMarne and late pro- vince of Chanip.ignc, featcd on the river Blailc, 10 miles N. W. of Joinville, and i»5 E. of Paris, Lon. 5. 10. E. lat. 40. 17- N. Vatak, a town of France, in the de- Sartment of Indrc and late province of icrry, fcated on a tine plain, tighc miles from Iflcudun. Lon. 1. 56. E. lat. 47. a.N. Vavcoi.eures, an ancient town of France, in the department of Meufe and late province of Bar, fcated on the fide of a hiii, at the foot of which is a fine mea- dow, watered by the river Meufe, 10 miles \V. of Toul, 11 S. W. of Nanci, and 1 qo E. of Paris. Lon, 5. 40. E. lat. 48. 36. N. Vauci.usk, the name of one of the fined fprings in Europe, eight miles from Avignon, in France. The village of this nsnie is rendered famous by Petrarch and the beautiful Laura. Vaud, Pays de, a delightful country of Swiireil.iud, in the canton of Bern. It . extends along the lake of Geneva, rifing gradually from the edge e 1 i6s;, ifi.jd, and :(:<)<>, RKVASv.v:, a deci^ycd town of lin thf driMrtiiient of Aleurthc and incc of J.,f)rrain, near the flroni; of Sar I^oui:.. Jt lb I'catcd on till re, so niiles N. E. of Nanci. Lon. . hit. 41). zS. N. I'xiiAi. L, a village of Surry, and lit of the parifh of I.ainbeib. It i; n the 'J'haraes, and is cekbrntid ;ardcns which, as a place of public iinitnt, arc the iiiiclt in Euri.pe. nil almihourt forfcvcii poor women, 1 6 18, by lir Noel C'aron, who lirul ir.baflador from llalland to this 28 years; and in the road to worth is a fine well, very fervicc- difordcrs of the eyes, and which n never known to freeze. It 1^ vo miles 5. W. of London. .VA, a confidcrablc and populous f Spain, in Andalufia, with .1 ftroni, fcated in a ftitile country, abounil- corn, wine, cil, and fruits, efpccial- . It is five iiillcs N. E. of Bac?;), la S. E. of Madrid. I-on. 3. 13. W. . 43. N. i:Ri.iNGEN,a ^ree and imperial citv mnny, in the circle of Suabla nnd ' of I'uiftenLurg. The inhabitiint? an a ^reat trade in torn, which thty to Swiffcrland. They are paniy n Catholics, and partly Proteflants; It far hence are very famous baths. ;ated on a high rock, near the lake iifti'.r.ce, II milts N, of Condance. l. 10. E, lat. 47. «;o. N. Es Sr. or SfcTtiuAL, a town of ial, in the province of Eftraniadura, good harbour, defended by the fcrt ]a^o. It is hiTtlt on the ruins of the t Setobriga, at the head of a bay, le mouth of the river Zadacn. It has tifhery, and a rety good trade, par- ly in i'alt, {or which it js noted, )f tlie rorihem countries of Europe hips hither to be laden wirU ialt, rhey either carry hootie, or fend to nlijnies in America. It is well for- is fetttcd at the end of a plain, five n iei!i(h. It in 12 nidcs S. E. of Lifljon. Lon. 8. ^4. 'W. Lit. ?8. 11. N. Ukv , orPi;co Ubv, anifland of Alia, in thi Indian Ocean, at flic enti-ance of •hj bnv ot Sism, z'j inilc* m circutnfe- i\.ncc, and yieldintt l^-)od wtiter and plciitv (twooil, It is 10 milti. tromPuloCiviidorc. Lnn, 10;. 56. E. lat. H. 2?. N. UfK.r.RMUNn, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Six nv and durliy of Ponicrani.i. Jt 19 Icaicd well for trade, being i)i.dt on a bay of the B'-iltic, called tile Gre.it llift', .••. ; niiles N. \V. of Stetin. Lon. 14. II. E. lat. 53. 55. N. * L'liDKV Ai.i.A, a town of Sweden, ill the province .it W. (rothland, (itiiatcd on a bay of the (ea. The houi'es are built of wood painted red and ycKow. The ftreets are rp.iciou.s and iiiry. It contains ab'^ut 3000 inhabitants, ind carries r,ii a tolerable trade, cxportmg iron, pl.inks, and her- rines. It is 50 miles N. of Gothcborg. UoENsKor, a town of Siberia, in the Rulfian t;overninent of Irkutzk, feaied on the S. E. fide of lake Balkul, on the r^ad from TolioKk to Cnina, looo miles N, W. of Pekin, and uoo E. of Tobollk. Lon. 96. 30. E. lat. 53. o. N. Ldina, or Udkne, a handfomo and fonfiderablc town of Italy, in the republic of Venice, capita! of Friuli, with a Urong citadel. It is a fortrefs of impirtance, and tlie town contains about 16,000 inliabit- siits. It is fcatcd on a line large pldn, near the rivers. Taglemcnto and l.ilenio, 10 miles N. of Aquiieia, and 51; N. by F. of Venice. Lon. 13. 3. E. lat. 46. o- N. Viic^HT, a weli-fonilitd town of Ger- many, in the circle of Wcftpliaiia and biihopric of Munlhr. It ha.^ (ormerly its own lords, and is 3c miles N. of Olnabiirgh. Lnn. 8. 14. E. lat. 51. 54. N. VECur, a river of the United Pro- vinces, being the cnltcrn br.uich of the Rhine, feparatint; fnaii it in ihe province of Utrecht. It falls into the /uider-Zee. Vrcht, a river of Gciinaiv, which Iiaa its I'ource near Munfter. U eroflesthe counties of Steofort and Benihcim, and entering Overyflel, pafles bv H^fTelt and Swartfluys, dil'chnrging iiklf foon af^er into the Zuidcr-Zce, under the name of Swart-Warcr, tliat n-, iiL.ck-Watcr. Vekr, a fortified town of riie United Provinceu, in Zealand, and in the ifle of VValchcreii, with a good harixiur. It is three miks N. Fi. of Middleburg. Lon, J- 40. E. lai. 5r. 3 c;, N. Veulia, an ifland in tile gulf cf Venice, ok the ccadof Dalminia, and id V E L the E. of Cherro, with j billio;>'j fee, good hjirbour, and .t t.i*!^, aboiindi in uine and lilk, and ha» iVtno liiiall horCes in high et*cetn Th» onljr town iH oi' the fame ii^mo, (.ml i* I'eated on tlic ft.j, on a hill comiiunu.d by two Mountains, 17 miles N. \V. of Atbe, and 110 S. E. of Venice. Lon. 14. 56. E. lat. 4^. jj. N, VKii.r.AN.\. a towuiof Italy, in Pied- mont, .'.nl in the iiiariiuilare of Sufa, frat- cd on an eiiiincnrc, ne.ir the river Durin, 1 1 miles N. W. of Turin. Lon. 7. 34. E. lat. 4?, 7. N. Vkikos, a town of Portugal, in Alen* tcjo, leated on the river Anhn'o ira, with a good caftic, 10 miles S. S. \V. of I'ortakgra. Lun. -. 34. W. lat. 3?. 57. N. Vett, St. t Or-Tj » wn of Germany, in the circle of Auftria and duchv of Ci- rinihla, with an old caftle, feated at the con- fl'ienceof theGlanand Wunicli,eightmile» N. of Clagcnfurt, and 173 S. W. of Vienna. Lnn. 14. lo. E. ht. 47. t. N. Veit, or ViTo, St. a ftrong fenporc of Italy, in Iftria, v.ith a caftle, be! .!!g- ing to the hoiife of Auftria, fci-ed on a mountain near the gulf of Venice, 37 miles S. E. of Capo d'lfiria. Lou, 14. 46. E. lat. 4.y. bifliop's fee. It i« eight irilc fii, in tlif kiiinili.m of Vci, with a har- frnm the Mfditcrr^ineai., . . o "VV. u bour, aiiJ hainUuiiic c:il\le, whvrc the go- Mice. Lr.n. 7- !}■ !'-• 1^«- 1 ♦J- N- vcrnor itful.s. It W ItatLil between two * Vfndke, a d.piirtmtn" ^f hriiice, hiRh inoiii>i,iini, on the cnaft of the Me- which inchidci pan of ttu <. iKovimc ditert.uie„n. Lon. 4-o- W. Lit ^5. of Toitou. It ii. lo cllcd Iim.. a Im,.,:| jy j^T river of the fame name, tuntcouy It- Vtl 1 /MaL AC A, a town of Spain, Coinptc is tlie capital. in Gran.uia, with a ciilUe, ttatcd in a Vknuomk, a confidcrable town f Pofcga. Lon. lO. t,o. E. lat. 46. 18. N. * Vki.iki Usi if «., a province of Riidia, in the f^ncrnmcnt of Volo^jJ'*. Ulliuj. is tlic capital. * Vi.M)KK, a lown of the pcninfula of Hindoolbn, in the Carnatic. It is a jioft of grtat iiunortancc, cnnimindiiig the ureal loiJ leading fior.i Myloit into Clitr and late province of Ulaifois. It 11 ftattd on the river Loir, 30 miles N. K of Tours, and 95 S. W. of Tans. L n. I. 8. E. lat. 47. 50. N. Venkiueia, aprovinrcof S. America, lying on a pulf of the lame name, ami about c,o milts in Itngth. It is iK-unikdcn the N. by the gull ot Mexico; on the S. by New-Granada; on the W. by the pro- vince of Rio-de-Hacha; and on the E. by that of Ciimana. Near the Ceacoaft are very high mountain", the toiM of whtcli are barren ; bui the lower parts in the val- the ureal loiU IcaJin^; UMIiI iviyioie inco are uarreu ; out me iu>vvi ^aiiju. i..w .».- the Cinn-.iic. Ir coiTl'il\s of three itiong ley are ferule, producing plenty of corn, forts on as many hills, and is juftly deem ed imprtgiiable to an [niiian ariiiy. A- ItioiiK oilier proofs of gem rallliip dilplayed by lir Eyre Coote during the Lill war sgainll Hyder Ally, the relief of this puce, in the f.ice of the whole army of that chief, may be reckoned a capital one. Velurc IS about 90 miles W- of Madras. Vk.na, or Mi'Nti-uella-Vf.na, mountains of Carniola. on the confines of Iftru, to the S. of lake C^crnic. VbnaKRO, a town of the kingdom of Nap:es, with a bifhop's (ee. It ftands near the river Vulturno, :: miles W. of Ca- mia, and 43 N. of Naples. Lon. 14. 19. t. lit. 43- 31 N. VtNAiShiN,afmall territory of France, lately depending on the pope, and lying between Pioveiiee, Dauphiny. the Du- rance, and the Rhone. Ic is pleal'aut and fertile. Caipcntra-i is the capital. Vknan T, St. a town of France, in the dcparuiieiit of ihc Straits of Calais and late province of Art.iis. It can be laid un rich paftuies, Uigar, tobacco, and fruits. There arc alfo plantations of cocoa- nuts, which are exceedingly good ; and gold IS found in the lands of the rivers. They have often two crops of corn in a year, iind it is as pnpuloui; and full of towns as any province of America be- longing to the Sp-.'iiards, Maracabo is the capital. Veni'zurla, a giiir of S. America, in Terra Firma, which communicams with lake Maracabo, by a narrow ftrait. Venice, a city of Italy, one of the moft celebrated in the world, and capital of a repubhc of the fame name, in the Dogalo, with a patriarchate, and a uni- verViiy. It ftands on 71 little ilhnds in the gulf of Venice. The approach to the city is marked by rows of Hakes on eacti fije, which dircft vefTels of a certain bur- det>, to avoid the fhallows. Thel'e IhaU loyvs are abetter defence than the ftrongeil fortifications. On the approach of an enemy's fleet, the Venetians have only to dcr water at any time, whiLh is its chief pull up the ftakcs, and the enemy can ad defence, and is 27 miles S. E. of Dunkirk, vanct no further. They arc equally be- and 11 N. VV. of Arras. Lou. ». 39. E. yond the infult of a land army, even in lat. 'o. 3S. N. the midft of winter ; for the flux and re- Vknasiu K, a town of Spain, in Ar- flux of the fea, and the miUlnefs of the sagon, in a^valley of the fame iwmc, with climate, prevent fuch a ftrcngth of ice -is a iiroiii; CHltle. It is featcd on the river could admit the approach of an ariiw th it Eflar'i,~m a ctnintry producing good wine, way. The lake in which Venice ftand^, and the river abounds in excellent trout. It is 35 miles E. of Balbaftro. Lon. o. 25. E. lat.41. 5»-N. Vlni'E, an ancient town of France, in thi department of Var and late pro about five miles from the main land, is a kind of fmall inner gulf, feparatad from the large one by fomo iflands, at a few miles diftance. Thefe iflanJt, in a great meafure, break the force of the Adriatic vince of Provence. Before the rcvolutipn, ttoims, before they rc?ch the Laguna - L nuuc i wm a w n B n V E N bifliop's fee. It m eight irilc Mtditcrr^ineai., , J o \V. tf (.1). 7- li- '"'• !<•• t tj. N. DKE, a *lr()vinic I. It ii fo Called fiYiin a fnii:! tlic fame name. Kunicoiiy-ii.- k I lie capit;i|. OMr, a cr)iilidcr,-vble town >' in the dfp.iriineiit of Loir aiij ll lite priAiiicf of Ulaifois. It h the rivtr Loir, 30 miles N. K ., and .)5 S. W. of Taris. Loh. lat. 47. 50. N. lUEi.A, aprovinrcof S. Aineria, a pulf of the fame name, ami milt!. Ill length. It is Ix/undtd on >y tlie gulf ot Mexico ; on tiic S. Granada; on the W. hy the prn- Rio-de-Hach;i} and on tilt E. t Ciimana. Near the feacoaft are ll mountain', the top« of wliicli • 11 i bui the lower parts in the val- eriile, producing plenty of corn, Uiitb, lugar, tohacco, and fruii--. arc alfo plantations of cocoa. 'Iiich are exccedinglv gfiod ; ami found in the lands of the riverb. avc often two crops of corn in a lid it is as populous and full of IS any province of America bc- to the Sp-.-iiards. Maracabo is the r-.zuRLA, a guir of S. Aineriu, rra Firma, which communicams lake Maracabo, by a narrow ICE, a city of Italy, one of the :lcbratcd in the world, and capital :public of the fame name, in the I, with a patriarchate, and a uni- It ftands on 71 litlle ilhnds in f of Venice. The approach to the marked by rows of Hakes on each hich dircft vtfTtls of a certain bur- avoid the ftiallows. Thtl'e fhal. e abetter defence than the ftrongeft itions. On the approach of an s fleet, the Venetians have only to the ftakes, and the enemy can ad- further. They are tcjually bc- hc infuk of a land army, even in Ift of winter ; for the flux and re- the fea, and the itiildnefs i,f the , prevent fuch a ftrciigth of ice j5 [Imit the ajjproach of an arn»y tint The lake in which Venice ftaiul^, ve miles from the main land, is a f fraall inner gulf, feparated from ;c one by Ibme iflands, at a few iftance. Thefe iflanJt, in a grcst B, break the force of the Adriatic befecc they rc^ch the Laguna, V E N V E N •r r.iltet y.t, in very high w1nd«, the chtirrh of St. IVI»rk, though fine of the rtchcft and mod cxi>«t.rive in the world, dots nrt ftrike the tyc very much at (irft. The archil e^.lure is of a mixed iuui, molliy (Jiithic; yet many if ihi pillar* are of the Grecian ord'.r- . The outlide it encriilUd with ni.irhlt : ihc uilue, ceiling, and floor. Rre all of the finelt marble, at are the numcrou-; pillir>; and liie whole is crowned .w (iv<- d' mis ; hut all this la- navigation of the lake is daitgcroin to (',onuolai^ and fomctimes the gondolecrt (a« their w^terinen are called) do not trull tneml'elve* even in the canals within the city. This is n.t lo great an incon- veniencc to the inhabitants as might he ima- gined i fur moll of the houfcs have a door opening upon a cmal, and another coin* miiiiicating with the ftreet ; by inean^ of which, and of the bridges, a iierfon may hour and expence have been direfttd hy a go to almoft anv part of the city by land, very modtrite Ihare of t.iflt. The front, ai well as by water. The number of the which looks to the ii.iUtc, has live bralk inhabitants is computed to he about gsics, with hiftoriciil hrtfTiz-rtlievos ; over no, 000. The houles are built on piles, the principal gaie arc p!jcttl the four The llrrets, in general, sre narrow ; and famous broii/c lifJrles, laid to he the wrrk- fo are the canals, except the Great Cnnal, manfhip of I.v lippiis ; thev wire given to whith i-i very hro.d, and has a (crpcn- the emperor Nero bv Tiridatts, k'ng of tine coiirfe tliroui'h the middle of the ciry. It is did, that Uien are fcveral hundred bridges in Venice ; but what pafs for luch are only fingle arches tlirown over the riiKils; moft of them very nahry. The Rialto confifts alio of a lingle arch, but a Ariiiinia : the licry fpirit of their counte- nance', and thiir animated aiiituilts arc pcifcc'tly agrccihlc to their orijjin.il defii- natinn. of being liarntflid to the chariot of the fun. Nero placed them on the trl- umphi'.l arch conlccratcd to him : they very noble one, and of marble. It is built were removed to Conftantinoplt, placed acrol's the Grand Canal, near the middle, in the Hippodrome by C"nftantinc, and where it is narrowcft. This celebrated remained iherc till the taking of Conftan- aich is 90 feet wide on the level of the ca- tinople liy the F'tencli ;'nd Venetians, in nal, and 24 feet hii;h. The beauty of it is the b;\;iiining of the 1 jth century, when impaired by two rows of boot*. > or (hops, they were con\tyfd to Venice. The which divide its upper ijrf ,iico three treafury of St. M.irk is very rich in narrow llreets. The vi(>' loni the Ri. jewels and relics; but they will be enu- alto is cf|iially lively and iiMgnilicent ; the (irand Canal covered by boats and gondo- las, and flanked on each fide by magnili- cent palnccs, churches, and fpires. But this fine profjiect is almoft the onlv one in Venice; for, except the Grancl Canal, and the Can:ilc Rcgio, all the others are narrow and mean. Some of them have no ijuays, and the water literally wafhes the houfes. In rowing along thefe wretched canals, there is not one agreeable objer'-t to cheer the fight; and the flench, which, at certain feafons, exhales from the water. meratcd i.y dtvotees only, or by rhoft who wifli to laugh at the ablurdity of fiiperfti- lion. The ducal palace is an immenfe building, entirely of marble. Befide the apartments of the doge, tliere are h.ills and chambers for the fenatc, and all the diflferrnt councils and tribunals. The principal (ntrauce is by a fpacious flair called the Giants' Stair, on account of two colofTal flatues, n white marble, of Mars and Neptiini, placed at the top. Un- der the portico a;e the gaping mouths of lions, to receive anonymous letters, infor- ' IS quite cffenlive. Tfie only place where niations of trta!'nr,;i))!e pratt'ccs, and ac- a perfon can walk with eal'c and Ibfcty is cufatinns of niagiftiates for abul'ts in of- in the Pia/7a di St. Marco ; a kind of ir- lice. From the palace is a coiered bridge rcijular quadrangle, formed oy a number of communication to a flate pril'on, on the, of buildings, all fingulur in their kind; other fide of the canal : prifomrs pafs to namely, the Ducal Palace; the churches and from the courts over this bridge, , •f St. Mark and St. Geminiano ; the Old which is named Ponfe dii So/)-;ii, the ' and New Proturities, a noble range' of Bridge of Sighs. T'le ajiartiiunts of the buildings, in which are the nnifeum, the ducal palice are orn<(mented hy the pen- piihlic library, and nine Inrijc apartments cils of Titian. Paul Vtror.cfi, Tinturet,. Delonging to the procurators of St. Mark. P dma, the BilTans, anil othvr paintcm. All tlicle buik-'ings are of marble. At the Within the palace is a little arfenal, which corner of the New Procuiatie, a little di- cominiinicatcs with the hall of the great fiance froth the church, fl•^nds the lUtple courtcil. Here a grtat number of mufkets of St. Mark, ' it ie a qnjdrr.ngnlar rower, are kept, ready ctiargcd, with which the about 300 feet high : it is not iiiKommon, noblts may arm tiicrnfelffes,, on any fud- la Italy, for the church and fteeplc to be den inCurreftion. The ItWK'' gallery, or la this ftate of difunion. Tlic patriarchal piazza, under the p^iceTis c«ll*0 the . ¥ y 3 ~ Dknglio. it J V E N Brofttin. In tbU the noble V«n«Mans walk and converl'e : it ii only herr, and at cniincil, that they have opp'ntnnitie* of meeting together ; for they (ildom viTt openly, or in .1 family wiy, 'it e^ch o'her'i huul'tk } and ffcrrt rnfth of time, wlitn tlir nobility ■re there. There ij an opetiiri); fron-. St. Mnrk's PLce to the Ira, on which fland two lofty jjillars cf priinite. Crirpinnls condemned to UifTcr death j)',i^>!irkly, :ire executed between tlicfe two piil.iis. The Jirlenal (if Venice is a fortification of be- tween two and three miles in romptifs : it it at once a dockyard, and a repofitory for naval ard military rtorcs. Here the Vtne- liins hiiU'l their fhips, caft their cannr;., tmkc their cables, faiii, anchors, &:c. The arms are arran;;ed licrc as in all other pii'ccs of the fame kind, in large room», divided into narrow walks by long walls of muflcf ts, pil;es and lialbcrdf. TheVcne- tians have a Ikmrilhini; trade in filk rnanu- fai'^i'res, bone-lace, aii forts of ji) lifts and inirrorr, which make their principal cm- pioymtuts. The fons are generally of the lame Inifincfs a? tht fithtr. The handlome fliiiftiiru cailtil II Fontica-di- Tedelichi, toiitaining noo rorms, is that where the German ludclianis lay thiir comniodiiie-.. There are two academies of painti^ip, to which belong very (kilhit inaftcrs, Venice is 7?. miles E. by N. of Mantua, in N. E. of Fl.'rencc, i.jo E. of Mflan, s 1 2 N. of Roir e, and ^00 N. by \V. of Naplts. I.oii. i.'.io. E ht. 4<.x6.N. VtNiCE, a republic of Italy, which comprrhtids 14 provinces ; namely, the Dogado, Paduano, VIcirn'ino, Veroiic.''c, Biel'ciar.o, Berj;amo, Cvemat'co, P.ilefino- di Rovi,;'i, Tievilano, Feltrino, Uellii- ntfc, Cadcrino, and ptrt of Friuli and Jftria. In tht: 4th rtntiiry, when Attila kingof the Hiin:, called the Scourge of God, ravapcd the N. part of I:aly, many of the inhabitants abandoned th'.ir coiintiy, and retired into the iilands of the Adriatic Sea. As iliefe ifland- are nrar each rthcr, they found n'cans to join therri ^o^icthtr, by driving- piics on the fidis of the canah, on which they built houfcs, and thus the funerb ciiy of Venice had its beginning. The "ovcrnmcnt of the republic of Venice is arift.jcratir, for none ran have any ftiare in it but tlie nobles. The iloge is clefted by a plur.-.Hty of voices, and keeps hisdiij- n'tv for life, and they make ufe of gold and filv.ir baiis, which are put into a veff'-.l, aiid I'erve for ballotijig. Thofc who draw- V E N nint (golden h»tli, firft •left 40 f»>iii|feMiM' who dr»w II other*. Th«fe eleft if ' l.e.j eounfeilor*. who draw nin« golden M < Thtftf nine ele/t 40 eounrtlior*, wlioib .v IF. 'T hofe that have the 11, cho'ile 41 eounre'tor^, who proceed to vlu eleftinn, till n voffs or mrire fall n(v«ti the fatnt perlnn, who n then doclared do^i'. After ihi» eiefti'-n they pixe ib« diicnl .-ap uiv on his bra,!, upon which h« takes piillff. fion of rbc dop;r'» p:ihcr. lie never un. covers hii h^ad to any pcrfon, urcaufr lit doi , oof weuf the cap in hi* own n •ii •, htit in that of the republic. VV'lien i ■ u are any f,'rtat (birmnitie*, a noblem.tu . u nes tlw r.vord, witich is an einbicrti or iln, fupfcme authority ; but if ii not bil' o. the doge, but before the fenate, to Ihow that the power is lodged in them. Ti'.r office of the doge is to marry the Adiiiiu Ssa, in the name of the republic, on Holy Thurl'day ; to prelidc in »li .iflcinblit'. uf the (late ; to have an eye over all ilit members of the magillracy ; and to nci- minkte to nil the benefices annexed to th(. church of Si, Mark. On the fithcr h.iid, he is to deteniiiiif nnthini; witliout ilii- content of the council ; he is not to open any letter addrell'ed to tht rcpuldlc, or that comes irvho r;jke notice of all criminal m li- ters ; ard the doge hiinfelf, when rr. cufcd, is r>l)!i!'(.d to appear before ilirm. There ':•■ no;ip'. 1 al from thib crttncil.and r is a rrcut misfortune to be cited before ii It is a kind of ftate inquifition, as frvcr-, as that for rslii^ion ; and they hiivc a i're.t number ok ipits, who difcover uot only wbat IS tiuu'. , but what is faid. The Ve- netians-are R'jnian CatholicB ; but thtv tolerate the Greeks and Mahometaov. The- P^teftants are not allowed the frc cxcrcil« of their religioti 3 but they are n^ t ' ■' petK V E N |w II other*. Th«fe cleft 1; cihet iM, who draw nin« golden ball; ne tW} 40 countttloM, whnHi .\v lole that hive rhe 11, clioolc 4! f)r<. who prncfecl 10 iIk tieffion, votfs or more fall ii|vm the l.ini« who i« then (l«tlir*d dox''. Aftfr "In fh»v p!x« ili« .i(l»(. t''c ilnjfr'd p:ilscr. Hf never un. Ill hi.;ut to any pcrfim, lircaufi" Ik t wfai the cap in hpi own nj'rm;, |th.it (if the repuhlit. W'lirn i. 1 it y.nu (olrmnifies, a nohlcpi.tii 1 ir f-.vnrH, which is an emblem r>t ilu. e aiithortty ; hur it is not btf' h )ge, but before the fenate, to lUip' '> nuukio, tii.; p^- ifi.irch of Venice, and liic father inji.li iiT ; but as thel'c had nceit >>t' a britUe, ili'jy have added three coitnivllurii to the nu:nber, without whole conrinr tliey can determine nothinj;. The tlti,;y in f.cnc- xa\ are ignoiiint, and yet they ire pretty good orat jrs. '1 heir faniius ch> nival be- gins on New.yc.ir's-day, and continues till Aih-VVediiefday ; all wliiih linic is em- ployed in fport» and dii.errioiis. Then there is fcarce anv dilHndli'in between vice and viruu.' ; h)r lincrMnifm rcij^ns thriHigli the tity. ani th. iirand"! e»t fu- reigners frequent it from all puts of Eu- rope. They ail appear m inalkn, which ID one dari-s venture to take olF, and in this diii;uil'c liicy i:nicate tin: fury of the ancient Bacchanals j and t'.jc nearer Afli- Weilncfday approaches, the more mad thty are. Tiie principal t'pot of the maf- t]iicradc is St. Mirk'^ Place, where there- are lometiines 15,0^0 people ; and it r '.iniii with har'/quins, jefter*, mounte- b Ilk., ropt-dai'.cers, and puppct-fhows. Even the pnei'.s and mork'! enjoy the di- vcrfieiRi of the carnival ; but when the carnival is over, nothing is heard from the clergy hut termons on repentance. VV'nt- ever dcL^ree of hccnrivulnefs may p'rt- viil am ng the Venetians, jcaloufy, poi- loji, and tile Itiletto have been long ba- nllhed from their gallantry. The com- mon people of Venice difplay I'omc qua. lities verv raie-ly to be found in that fj)herc of liff, being remarkably foher, oj'.iging to ftiani'ers, and ^^entle in their intercourfe with each other. The Vc- neiians, ia general, are tall ai;d v.'ell made : tl\ev have a ruddy hrcwn colour, "ith dark lyt!-. The women arc of a line ftylc of couiiten nco, v.ith cxprtf- fivc features, and a fkin of a rich cama- iion. Thi y tire's their hair in a very f.i'u:iful tnanncr, which becomes thcin M'lcii, 'I'hcy are of an cafy addrefs, and liAve no averfion to cultivate an acquain- tuncB with thofe Ifrangtrs who are prc- lented to them hy their iclatiyns, or have been properly recommtndtd. ' Vrnicf., Gi'LF OF, a lea "wtween Italy 81 part of T^trkey in Eur)pc. It • V E R is the •ncitnt Ainaticuri Sk'rt, suid is l\ill I'umetunis cilLd 'lu i\dii< '.;. Thts do)^- of Viuict vno'itily pinoiini thu cciviDony of w«ddinj: ;iis Cea, ir, toi^j/xtf thi ^ .Vi,i.-i^u; . .!' t(;ii {.jniidic over H. V..»;i.u, a Itr^az ti.v.n .i t'lc Uam.l Province*, 1!) GiiiilJerlmJ. I'.id in nic qu'.rtcr of Huieui /tn'!, lojii.vfiv i" ulli uu'j with the H.'tniritic tcu..., \u, . u.\i hi Ch.irlcs V. in 1541. ^t w,a j-.ij,;- ilte dominion of ti e Siianiards tiU 170;, .. .jeti the allies took it tor the rtates-^jeiie-i al. Tiii mhibiunts ^re fir the m (i put Ro- iii.in Cath lies. It is fi.itid on the ri- V. M icfe, V. here tivcre is a coiiimcdtoin harlj, 1 , »!id .in till! o;hw- fi.lc of it 15 Fort Sl, .'.licliae', which (erves for the deteiitk' of the town. It is 1 c; ni'ies N. o' UAircmon.fe, and 35 N. VV. of Julicr.i. 1.0/1. ■■,. no. E. |ir. i^i. JO. N. VhNosA, a tv)wii of liic I.ini;doin of Naples, Willi a bilhop's fee, le.itui oti a fertile, plain at ilic foit of li.e Appc >nii\u<, I) miles N. VV. uf A'--tri:u.-a, and 72 N. E. ofNiple . Lon. i5,jj. Iw. iat.40. s.).. N, Vkn 1 A-iiK-Ciiu/., a town of S. A- merica, in Terra Firm.i, and on the ifth- mils (if U.iricn. Mere' ihe Spuiiards enibirk their mcrciiandilc on the livti- Cli.ij,rc, which they fend from Panann to l'')rtd-B;.lio. Lin. 79. 0. W. lat. a. »o. N. Vkua, an ancient trwn of Spain, in Granada, with a bifhop'j loe, and a har- bour. It is felted ncir tiie leiiid', 43 miles N. E. of Almena, and 31 S. W . of Carthai'cna. Lcn. 1. j?, W. lat. 17. .5. N. Vkka-Cruz, a Ccap'Tt of M. Ainr. rici, in New Spain, with a will. jr. |iif[n. cd harbour, on the coall of tht gulf of Mexico, whole entrance is defendi-el by a fort. Here the- ih ;illa arrivi- ; lUiualiy from Spain, to receive the produce of the {;old .iud filver mines of M.m. .,. The/ hold a fair here annuilly (or ''w.- rieli ivierchandife- brought from Ciiina jnd the E. Indies, hs Well as from Europe". f{ is furrounded by a wall of no i^rem fucnii'li ; and tht .lir is lo unlieilthy here, tlmt wlieii the fair is over, liicre aie few iniiabiianis bef.de mulattncs and blacks. Tluic an: fucli crowds of Spiniards from all jiaris-of America, ilu'. they trcrt tenti for tliun while the fair lifts. Ti;is place is f.unoin on account of tf.t landing of Ferdinarioj Cortez, with noo Spaniards, wiun lie un- dertook the (oiU]'.)',rr of Me-xict). It is i ;o iniies E. by i>, of Mexico. Lon. 97, :j. W. lat. 19. Ii. N, -^.-^ VEttAf-i'A, a province of N. A:iicri;i, in New Spain ; hr,uiulcd 3n the E, by tt^at of Cofta Rica ; on the W. by ihar Y y 4 of TTTir V E R '\ of Pansnm ; on the E. by the (ji'.If of r.injiiKi ; and on the S. bv the South Sea. It i? anuut I ^. ^ miles in length, and 40 in breat'th, and is a moiintninous and barren cnuntry. A gtwid <1i al of pold and filver i". obtained hi-re. If was difcovercd by ChrilV'pbtr Colufnbui, in 1502. Con- ccprion rs the capital. Vkrap.z, a province of N. Ame- rica, in N. w Spain ^ bounded on the N. by Yuca'.an ; on tlie E. by Honduras, and tile province of Glial imala ; on the S. b/ SKOiiufcn; and on the W. by Chi.ipa. It is abmit Hi miles In length, and as niuc'.i in bread; h, and is full of (Ireadfu! iiinintiiins and ihick forells ; and Vi-t Mi.ie are rr:!ny fertile vallii.-s, vhich feed a grent nuiTi^er ot horfes and mult'-. There are alio ni:iny towns and vilU^es of the natii'e Americans. 1'he c;i;^ital is of ihe lame name, and has a Lilliop's fee, h'.n: it is inronfulerablc. It is ito miles N. E. of Gaaiiir.ala. Loii. 89.0. W.la'. 15. 10. N. Vi-RHEitiK, Kn ancient town fjf France, in the department of Olfc and late pro- vince of ilio Ide f Fr. in.c, '"eated on tie river Oi!e, 10 nules N. E. of Scniis. Lcn. 1. 51. E. Jar. 45. 2:. N. Vekce Lr.anancient, h.tndlnmc, (*rong, and confiderablo town of Piedmont, cr- pital of a lorddiip (if the faoie name, widi a bilhop's fee. It was formerly ft for- tref'iof importance ; bm when the Fiench became matters "fit in 1704, they ruined T«oft of the w'tks. The lovvi.houfe, the ;;<'vernor''s pabce. and the hoipiti'l, are very lii^.^dfome ftr..cturcs. It is fcatcd , at the confiuence of the rivers Sellia ;md Ccrva, an.! is defended by i.; rt2;uh!r b^fticri'-, a citadel, and a ca(>Ie. It is 10 miles N. W. of Ca'" '^ and 40 N. E. of Turin. Lo;i. f.. 14. E !».'. 45. 31. N. Vfkd, Caps-,, .a promontory on the W. coall of Afiir;\, 4^ miks N. W. of the n:>i'U''i of the river Gambia. Lon. J;. iS. W. lat. 14. 4c. N. Veki), Cape oi;, iilands fcatetljiin, the A.tlan:ic Ocean, about 400 miles w! of thj cape of that n ime, betuc^n i }° and 19" N. lat. ard the prim:i:isl ute 10 in number, lying in a femxircle. Their names aic St, Antonio, Sn Vin- CF.nt, St. Lucia, St N;cf,las, the ide cf S?l, Bona Vill-a, Alayo, St. J"go, FuEgo, and Brave; which fee. * Yerden, a duchy of Germr.ny, m the circle of Lower Saxony. I: is bound- ed on the E. and S. by th?.f "f Lunen- Aiurgi on f'v.e W. by the V/e'cr afid the duchy of Bremen ; and on the N. by the diicluis of Rrcm'in ;-bd Lunen- burg ; exLtr.dmg boih In i^n^th 3i)d bretdtli about «8 miles. It cotififts chief! of heaths and high dry lands } bat ther are giiod marlhes en the river* Weftr an Aller. In i7>2, the Danes wreft«d ihi duchy from Sweden, and, in 1711;, cede it to the king of Great Britain, as cleftc of Hanover ; which cclhon, in 171S, w; ccnfir.ned by the Swedes. The inhabit ants are Lutherans. * Verden, the capital of a duchy r the fame name, in Germany, and in th circle of Lower Saxony. It is fe ited o; a branch of the river Aller Ir contain four churchea, and is 26 miles S. E. c B einen. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 53, 10. N. Verdun", en ancient, ftrong, and con fider.iblc town of France, in the depart ment of Meufe and late province c [..orrain, with a bilhop's fee, and a ftroi citadel. Its fortificatums >.ere condruft ed by the chevalier de Vilie and mar ihal de Vaiiban. The latter wa> a na tive of this place. In 1751;, };reat psr of the cathedral was deftroyed by light nirg. Verdun was taken Dy tfe Piu( funs in 179:, but retaken by tlic Frencl fcon after. The inhabitants arc note for the fijie fwcetmeats they make, I is feiited 011 the river iVlaefe, which run throup.h the middle, 42 miles S, W. ( Liixcmburg, aud moE. of Paris. I-on 5. 28. E. lai. 49.9. N. Verdun, a frnf.ll but handfome ani prpuliis town of France, in the dep-irn ment of Upper Garonne and late prd vince of Lang'jedoc, feated on the ri> Garonne, 22 miks N. W. of Touloui Lon. I. 20. E. lat. 43. 54. N. Vi-,RMANDOis, a late t^jrritory France, in Picardy ; which, with the ' province of SoilTonnois, is now incliu' ui :he department of Aifne. It ahuuti in corn, and txctlleni 9ax. Verm ANTON, a town of France, the deparimcnt of Yonne and late pr vince of B'lrgundy, feated en a river, miles S. E. cf Aiixerre. Lon. 3. 49. lar, 47. 40. N. Vermont, one of the United Stater N. America, bounded on the N. by C n?da ; on the E. by the river Connefitic v;hich divides it from New Hatripihir Oil the b, by M.iflaehufets ; end Otv W. by New York. It is abmit miles lon? and 60 broad, and is divii into feven counties, A chain of Uioutitainr,, running N. and S, dUi this (late iirailv in the centre, betw the river Conneclittir K.nd lake Chr j/Iain. Th( hefirht of lattd is gener: fr'snfi 2 t;> ;o iriiles from the river, about- the 'fam« diftantie from the yo»k hue. The Jiuiuial growth u -♦.tU^.Tr^jr-**.^ "" V E R breidtli about *8 miles. It confifts chicfi*' of heatiis and hit;!! dry lands j bat then. are gv.od marlhes en the rivers Weftr and Allcr. In 1712, the Danes wreft«id this duchy from Sweden, and, in 171 u, cedtd It to the king of Great Britain, as cleaor of Hanover; which ccWion, in 1718, w,„ tcnilr.ncd by the Swedes. The inhabit- ants arc Lutherans. * Vekden, the capital of a duchy of the fime name, in Germany, and in the circle of Lower Saxony. It is fe ittd on a branch of the river Allcr Ir containj four churches, and is 16 miles S. E. of B emen. Lon. 9. o. E. lit. 53. 10. N. Verdun-, en ancient, ftrong, and con- fider.iule town of France, in the depart- ment of Meufe atui late province of Lorrrtin, with a bi (hop's fee, anri a ftr.)'ig citadil. Its fortifications >ert; conilruift- ed by the chevalier do Vijie and nar- (hal de Vauba-n. The latter wa, a na- tive of this place. In 175^, ^ijreat part of the cathtdial was deftroyed'by light- ning. Verdun was ip.ken Dy tl^'e P'luf. funs in 1792, but retaken by tlic French (con avtcr. The inhabitants arc ncted for the fine fwectiiicats they make. It is feated 011 the river Maefe, which run; through the middle, 41 miles S. W. of Liixeniburg, and i^oE. of Paris. Lon. I 5. 1 8. E. lai. 49. ,9. N. VKanuN, a im-nl! but handfome and k p^pul us town of France, in the depart- 1 mtnt of Upper Garorns and late pio- : vince of Lang'jedoc, fcated on the ri' ir : Garonne, 21 '^miks N. W. of Toulouif. I , Lon. ;. 20. E. lat. 43. 54. N. 1 VhRMAND&is, a late territory of - France, in Picardy ; which, with the late ) province of SoilTonnoii, is now included ■ 111 the department of Aifne. It aHpunds in corn, and txctllent flax. • Verm AN TON, a town of France, in • the department of Yonne and late pro- . vinct of B'irgundy, Ceated en a river, 10 miles S. E. cf Auxerre. Lon. j. 49. E. ^, lat. 47. 40. N. •" ' Vermont, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the N. byCa- nada ; on the E. by the river Cor!nc(5ticiit, which divides it from New Hampihire ; 611 thf b, by Manarhufets; snc) Ort the W. bv Nen- York, It is abmit 15; miles ion? and 60 broad, and is diviiied into fc-ven counties, A chain of hieh liiountairfr,, nmning N. and S. dlvidts this flare nraiK- in the centre, between the river Connecticur and lake Cham- I/Iain. Tlu fuftrht of land ii gener all/ from 10 to ?oiri)k;s from tlic river, ;uul about; -the 'fHm*: d iff anrfef from the Ntw York line. The nauia! growtU upon «hii V E K. V li K ibis motjntain is hemlock, pine, fpruce, Pliny the NaturaliK. In the cathrdra! and other eyergccns ; bcncc it lias al- is a m.ignihccnr tointi of pope Liic vu- III. vf^yb a jjreen appearance, and, on lliih Verona is ftatcd on tic river AJigc, on account tias obtained the dcfcnptivc name whicl) they iraufput incrchjiiJifc to Ve- '^ of Vermont, from the French ^ad Mont, Green Mountain. On fome hi^h p V/. S._ \y . of Parl^. It contains 45. E. lat. 46. 20. N. 60,00c inhabitants, and (ince the revolu- Vlrnon, a lundfjmc and populous tion has bien created a bilhop's fee. In town of France, in the department of *^he reign of Li^vi^ XIII. it was only a Eure and late province of N' rmardy, with an ancient ca(\lc, and a fortrtl's at the end of the bridge, over the Seine, on which this place is feattd, 27 miles S. E. of Rouen, and 42 N. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 42. F. lat. 49. 6. N. Veroi. I, an ancient town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, with a biihop's fee. It is a fmall but populous place, ftated on the river Cc^fa, at the foot of the Appennines, 45 rrilcs S. E. of Rome, t-on. 13. 15. E. lat. 41. 28. N. Vekona, a large, ancient, ftrong, and famous town of |taly, in the republic of are all \vurthy of admiration. But after fmall villa<;e. This prince built here a hunting (eat in it3c, which BiflTomjiierre calls " the paltry chateau of Vtrfailles." /although ti;e fituation 'vas low, and very unfavourable, Lewis XIV. built a mag- nilicent p»lace here, which \v as tile ufual refidence c^f the I'.ings ''f Fr.mce, till the 6th of Ottcihtr 1780, when the late un- fortunate Lewis XVI. and his fiimily, were removed from it to the Tuilerijs. The buildings and the gardens are adorn- ed with a vail number (;f IKituei, done by the greaicft mafttrs, and the waterworks e Venice, and capital of the Veronele, with a bi(Iiop*s fee, three forts, and an academy. It is fuiTounded by thick walls, very deep ditches, and good ramparts. The flrtets are neither clean nor ftraight ; but there is a handfome place called the Piazza d'Armi, in which is a marble (iatue, it-. irefeniin]5 the republic of Venice. The iOiop ar,d governor of the town haic fii- perb palates, but not fo magni(icent as tiiat of count Matl'ci. The townhoufe and the opera-hoLil'i; are worthy of notice ; but the mo(V rnuarkablc ftrufturc in this city is the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans, in which there are 44 rows of feats, or benches of white niarhtc, wliieh will conveniently hold about 2 5,000 piifuiu, \'erj|na u.istbe birthplace of all, thtfe waterworks and ftatucs are, as Mr. Walpule has jul^ly obfervcd, but " luirptuc'Us improprieties." The gre.it gallery is thouj^ht to be as curious a piece of worlsniandiip of that kind, as any in th.c world : nor Is the chapel lefs to be ad- mired for its fine archiPec.>ure and orna- ments. The gardens, with the park, are five milts in circumference, and lurround- ed by walls. There are three fiHt ave- nues to Verfailles, one of which is the common ro-id to Paris, the other comes from Seaux. and the third from St. Cloud. Lon. 2. i;. E. l.«. 48 48. N. ■ ^ Vertus, a town of France, in the de- partment of Marne and late province of Champagne, I'cated on a plain, at the foot of a iijouniairt, un which are vineyards, pruduciRy; ■ii "" ' V E S r,K,c?ucmr. very go^,d wines, «7 m''l« «• \V of Ch-.i'cn5, end 7? N. is., of Pans. VKtuE. ov Vbruua, a town of Pied- n.ont, .n the county of A«i. It was be- ficeedin .70^, hv tnc French, who d,d ,Jcauy it tdlatuHk months, when ,vas reduced to a hrap ot riuDs, bccdule ,b. comi7,ander had blown up ail '^^^ f°'- tifi^tions. It was afterward .c(lo,.d m ,he duke of Sivoy. It n leatcc! an :mv1 , near the river Po, zo miles W. ot Cal.l. and 13 N. E. of Turin. Lon. 3. 1. L. %'^ERvVf.S, a ^own of the Nether- lands, in the bilh"pric of Liegc, r^n ii>e confines of the duciiy of Limburg, ieated on thJ river Wcze. . , Vkrvins, a town of France, in lae depanrcent of Ailne. It is famous !^r a treaty, concluded in 1508. b^J^";-.""'" rv IV. of France, and Philip 1 1. ot Spain, Jid « feated on the river 9*Tre, 1 10 inilci N. of Paris. Lon. 4. o. li- Lit- 4g. S?^^ I^- Vervlam, the veftiges or a cckbra . ed Roman town in H.rtfordlhire, elnc bv St. Alban's. In the time of Nero it ^vas a rwnicimrn, or town, th.: inhabit- ants of which enjoy"! the privileges of Roman citizens, -by Tacitus it was call- «1 rsruJamtum, and by Ptolemy [/'oAj- miun. After the departure of tne Ro- mans, it was e.nircly ruined m the wars between the Biitons and Saxons; and no- thing remains of it but the ruins of walls, teffelated pavenents, and Roman coins, which arc ftiU fometimes dug up. 1 he fite of it has long ago been converted into cornfields. . _ . ,^ Veselize, a town of France, in the department of Meurthe and late proviac. of Lorrain, feated on the river B enon, ,c mUes S. W. of Nanci, und i6i S. Veslf V, a town of trance, in the de- n.,rtmt.U of Ailhe and late province of ioilTunnois, feated on the river Aifne, 10 miles from SoiiTons. . Vesovl, a town of France, m the de- ■partment of Upper Saone and late pro- vince of Franche Comtc Since tne re- • volution it has b.en created a bil.|Op s ee. Ix was formerly very confiderable, till 1 "«.nnied bv vvar. It :s leated atthe t.ot of a maumain, called Moue de \ ef.ml. tifTihfc river Dur;^"eoi'., iz tiiIcs is oi KSnIand.ocS.E.ofPa... Lon. 6 * K lat. 47. 3^. ^' ■ VEsi-RitiN, or WeisbraiN, a ftrong and populous town of Lower Hun^^ry, caoi.al o*- a county of the fame nan.e, wfthacaaie and a bii?.op':. f.r whole • brftiop IS chanecUcs to the .juten of rLai- U G E g»ry, and ha'^ a tight to crown hf.r. li IS not a large place, but well fortified, and ftattd on the lake Balaton, »t the mouth of the river Sarwile, 50 miles S. W. of StriRonia, and 83 S. E. of Vienna. Lon. 1:. ','•:. E. lat. 47- >4. N- , , Vt-sDvius, a celebrated volcano ot I-alv, in the kingdum <.' Naples. The firlV eruption of ihis volcano was m f.;e ytar 79 of the Ciuiftian era, under 1 1- tus. it was accoi.ipanied by an earth- quake, wnich overturned fcveral cities, particularly Pomoeii and Herculaneuni ; akA tni:i e;-up-.'.on'proval fatal to Pliny the Naturahft. " Gi;at nuantities of aflies au«'"& ^'>'= ™'* '■'}^' lent and alarming. Veluvius is U.\ miles ■ E-. of Naples. Vevay, the ancient Vlbileura, a neat town of Sv.itTcrljnd, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, in the cinton of Bern. To this place, the famous general Ludlow retired, on the reftorati-m : here he died in , 6n V and is inf-rred in the church. The hotaie v^hich he inhabited Hands near the »ate leading to the Vallais. The foUow- inir inlenption over the door is ftul prc- J\ rved, in icfpeft to his memory : 0.v;«« Mmi fern I'uma eft, qui.i /wins, Vevay Itai.ds in a fmall plain, a the foot of the mountains, and on the ed,.re of the lake of Geneva, 37 mUts S. W. of Bern. Lon. ". 4. E. lat. 4ft. i3. N. . . , ' Vevdre, a town of France, in the de- partment of Allier and Ute provi,>ce of Bourbonnois, feated on the river A!lr... 17 miles from Moulins. _ V^iELAV, a town of I -ance, in the department of N'-.vrc nnd iate province ot iNivernois, feated on the top of a moun- tain, near the liver Cure, lo mucs a. ot Auxerre, nnd 1 17 S. bv E. of Pans. Lon. 3. 42. E. !at. 47- i6> N" * Ufa, n jjovernmcnt of JlulTia'. for- merly inc!ud!idintiicc;overnmentof Orcn- htirih. It is divided into the two pro- vinces of Ufa and Orcnburgh. ^ Vy.\, a -own of Rudia, capital ot a Foverntr.tt.t of ih. 3?*i^^^-'«»"^ ■'^" U G E 3= a light to crown her. Ii rge place, but well forrificd, on the lake Balaton, at rhc h(! river Sarwile, 50 miles S. onia, and 83 S. E. of Vienna. E. Ux. 47. 14. N. us, a cclchratod volcano of e kingrti.m r,' Naples. The on of ihis volcuio was in tl,e rhc Conftiiin era, under Ti- as accfii.ipanied by an tnrtli- ich overturned fcvcra! cities, Pompeii and Herculaneuni ; iip--;on proved fatal tii Pliny the " Gi^at (luaiitities. of aflies ret.'is fmoke, ' fays Dion Caf- rc carried not only to Rome, -vnr.d the Mniiterr^ncan, into I'! even to Egypt. Birds vvcic in the air, r.iicl tell down upon d ; and fifhes pcrilhed in the •1^ wditrb, which were made infected by it.' Sir William nieniions, that the erur)tii>n in tb.c i7ih from the time of Ti- which there have been nine ia; of 1779 being the moft vin- armiiig. Vefuvius is \\x miles Its. V, the ancient Vlbifcura, a neat wifftrLnd, capital of a bailiwick ne name, in the cantor, of Bern, hre, the famous licnernl Ludlow 11 the rcftoratiun : here he died in ■1 is interred in tile church. The lich hi. inhabited Itands near the \ng to the Vallais. The follow- iption over the door is ftiil prc- i) rcfptft to his iTiemory : 0.v;«j !j /•atr/a cji, quia jxitris, Vevay a Imali plain, ar the foot of the s, and on the tdae of the lake of 37 miUs S. VV. 'cf Bern. Lon. at. 4f.. z'i. N. RE, a town of France, in the de- of Allier and Idte province of lois, feared on the river Alii... from Moulins. [.AV, J town of {"-ance, in the nt o!" Ni'.vre and idte province lois, I'eatcd on the top of a r>io;m- ■ the liver Cii/u, 20 units S. of nnd 117 S. l.y E. of Paris. Lon. Ut. 47. 16. N. L, a j^overnTT.ent of JlulTia.. for- kidiri iiiliie governirifnt of Orer- It ib (hvided into the two pro- Uta and Orenburgh. I, a •'iwn of Kudia, capital of a :tit of ihs *'en>e name. 1 r i-s feat- r;t;ht lidc 'n'i the JVnUid, a few iw tin; m-iij'b of the ri^cr Ufa.' it', a t(.v.ji of c.ic Kiiiij'ictii of Naples VIC Naples, with a bifliop's fee. It ii a fir.all place, but full of people, and is eisdit inilts VV. of AltlTano, and 10 S. W. of Otranto. UciOCZ, a caftle in Upper Hungarv, with a fmall tuv.n, tlie canual of a c juu- ty of the faqie innie, '.'t-Htcd on a fmall li- V- f that falls intothe Ntifle,i ^ miks N. of i!,,;tm.ir. Lon. zz. h- E. lar. 4>i. i;.N. Uiioas A, a town of irdv, in the dti- chy of Mantua, fented ini the livcr T<)- fa, 17 miles N. W. of Arena, and 4^ N. W. of Milan. Lon. i. iS. E. lat. 4;. 51. N. ViADANA, a town of Italy, in th',- durhy of Mantui, featcd on the river ifo, eight miles N, of Parma, and 17 S. of Mantua. Lon. 10. 35. E. lit. 44. ?*■. M. VlANA, a town of Spain, in Navarre, feated near the river Ebro, three miles N. of Logronno, and 46 S. W, of Pampeluna. Lon. 2. 20. W. lat. 42. 32. N. ViANA, a town of Portugal, in the province of Entre-Minho-e-Douero, feated at the mouth of the river Limi, i \ miles W. of Braga, and 36 N. of Oporto. It has a good harbour, defended i)y a fort, and .is a pretty conlidcrable p^ace. Lcn. 8. 29. W. iat. 41, 39. N. ViANDEN, a town of the Auftrian Methedands, in the duchy of Luxem- bupj;, and capital of a county of the fame name. It is divided into two towns bv the river Our. In the one is a catlie built on an inacciflible mountain. It is 22 miles N. of Luxemburg, and 22 N. W. of Treves. Lon. 6. 1 3. E. lat. 49. 5 5, N. ViANE, or Via MA, a town of the United Provinces, in Holland, feated on the river Lich, with a magniiicent caftle, feven miles S. of Utrecht. Jt was taken, in 1672, by the French, who denioiiih • td the fortiiications. Lon. <;. S. E. lat. 52. o. N. Vi AiK A. a town of RufTja, capital of a government of the fame m'lnc, with a bilhop'i fije, and a fortified criliie, to de- fend It from the incurfions ot tlie Tartars. It was formerly called Klilynof, and is feated on the river VratK;i, 100 miles N. of Kulnn. Lon. 54. 15. E. lat. 57. 25. N. . ViATKA, ,1 govcrniTient of the Rulfian empirv, v. Inch wa" formerly a province of Kafan. It takes its name from tiie ri- ver Viatka, which runs thiouii,h it. The capiul is of the I'lime n^.me. Vic:, a town t'f Fran;c, in tiie de- partment of Mcurthe and Iste prnviiice of I^oirain, feated on tiie river Seille, 12 miles S. E. of Nanci, and ip7 E. of Paris. Lon. (i. 30. E. lat. 4S. 47. N. ; ■• <.f >Vic, a fmall tQw.i of Frunc>;, in the V I c deparrmen? of the Upper Pvrcnees and late prcivinte rif Bigorre, fitiiated on the liver Adour, 12 milt? N. of Taibes. Vic, a town of Spain, in Cataionii, with a biiliop's lee. it was formerly much nioic onfiderable th:.n it is at pre- fent : howtvif, it itill c )iitaiiis liandlonie buildin,!s. Tilt cathtdvai is adorned with a very line portico, fupjiortcd by k'rge pillars ; a.id tiie rnarket-pl ce is very liiarioiis. Ir is leated in a :erti!; plain, on a fmall river ili.^.t '^jIU into the Tarj 30 miles N. E. of B.iticlona, and 265 N. Is. iif r.Iadrid. Loa. 2. 13. E. iat. 41. 5 5- N. VicfiRAn, or VtzEGRAn, a fmall but (Irongtown of Lo,vcr Hungary, with a cadie on the top of a rrck, wh.'re the kings of Hurii^ary forniirlv redded. It was in poflfedi m of the 1"'. !cs in 1684, when the Aullrians took it frim thtm. It is feated on the S. fide of the river Da- nube, eight miles S". E. of Gran, and 16 N. VV. ofBuda. L ,n. uj. 7. E. lat. 47. 3 5- N. VicE.N'Tiwo, a territory of Italy, be- longing to the Vtntiians, iioundcJ on the N. by Trentino iin.l Feltrino; on the E, i)v Trevifano and Padiiano ; on the S. by Priduano ; and on tlie V/.by the Vcronefe. It is about 35 miles in length, and 27 in breadth. It is a very pleafant and fertile ciM.ntry, abounding in game, and is called the garden of Venice. The wine is excel- lent, and the butter and chcefe very good. Here are alfo great numbers of muiberry- trcts, which fcrve to nourifli lilk-wcrms; and there are miiies of filvcr and iron, and ([uarries of i'toiie, almolt as line as marble, VicENZA, a i;ir£:;e, ftrong, and flouiilh- ingtoivn of Italy, '.iie capital of Viceutino, in the republic ot Venicj, virh a bi- Ihop's fee. It is without w.il'.s, but is a huge place, adonie.i with fe\e;al palaces, and has a fine 1i;inre, with piazzas under the kuniles. Then: are alfo ftvcral other lipiai-cs, and fine churches. It is, in ge- neral, an agreeable place. Tr.ere is aa acadcinv, whofe members nuet in the Olympic thc'itre, a niaiterpiece of work- manlhip by PillaJio. It is featcd between the riveis B '.chi;;lionc and Ren'nc, arf^ t."'o mountains, in a fertile plain, ij miles N. W. .,f Padua, 31 W. of Ve- ni-r, and 13^ N. of R :n:e. Lon. 11. 43. t'.l.it.4;;. 26. N, Vu-Fe/i- NSAc;, a town of France, ill the dv.iirtmcn: of Gers' and lire" pro. vince of Aviiiignac, fcattd on tiic river Uouic, I 5 iniles W. of Auch. Vii'm, a town of France^ in iha de- puiUiieut of Aliier and biic ipiovinr«. of B,ur- r 'v;i t V I E Bourbonnois, fcxted on the ri"*' Allier, and vimoHi for tlit mineral vait-rs near It. Ir is 15 miles S. E. of Ounnat, and iSo S. by E. of Paris. I ,11. 3. it. E. lui. ^(\ o. N. Vjcho, a town of tlic kingdom o; Naples, l"catcdn:ar tiie fca, wiiii a niiliop's fi-e. It was aliiiull ruined by an earth- quake in 1694. VicLE-CoMPTE, a town of France, IQ the department of tht Puy lic Dome and b;e province of Auvtrgne, with a pa- Uce, N\hcrc formerly the counts of Au- Ttrgnc rtfidtd, and alioiit a mile from it arc mineral fprings. It is featcd near the river IlToirr, i; miles S. E. of Clermont, and zjo S. of Paris. Lon. 3. 21. E. lat. 4v ?; to this church is the archbifliop's palace, tha front of which is very fine. The univcr- fity had feveral thoufand ftudents, who, ^^hen this city was belieged, mounted guard,asthfcy didalfoin 1741. Belide this, there is the academy of Lower Aullria ; and the arc'iducal library is mvuii fie.! quented by foreigners, as it contains above 100,000 printed books, and 10,000 manu- fcripts. The academy of painting is re- markable for the line piitures it produces. Thearchducal trealurv, and a cabinet of curiofities of the houVe of Auftn'a, are great rarities. The inhabitants, in gene- ral, live in a fplendid manner ; and people of diftinctiun have all forts of >vines at their tables, which they are very free with to foreigners. There is a fort of a luibour on tl>e Danube, where tl-.cre are magaziius of naval ftores, and ihips have been litted out tf) ferve on that rive'-.ii;ainft the Turks. Vienna is an archbilliop's lee. It is featcd ,it the place where the river Vienna, or Wien, falls into the Da- nube, 30 mile.s W. of Prdburg, 350 N. N. E. of Rome, 520 S. E. by S, of Am- fterdain, 56 •; E. < Pans, and 6S0 E. S. E. of London. Lou. 16. z3. E. lat. 4S. 13- N. ViiNNE, a very ancient and confider- able town of France, in thedcnartmenr of Here aud Utc province of Daiiphiny. It is feattd on th« left Iwnk of the Rhone, over whi^ii it had formerly a good bridge, of which only l,,nie pi< rs remain, that render the nav!.;ii!iv>n dangerous. Poni- P'.nius Mela calls it rtfiuui Ailolrcgtirt, becaufe it i>»vcs its Dn^tn to the AliDbro- gCK. Under the R'imans it was the capi tal of a colouv, iuid die l'cat:of a fenate. ^Tu ' ci i feJ-!' j gi i' n ' . F in'i ' JiM >-i.t ~ 4 ' M ! !aaii>>ii|< I Ui- HM m naWM^BMdu ii liU i Ji i i>M >i r'iiilW V I E It all round the town, which, the advnntaijc atovc-mcn- very beautiful and ('aiutary _lc m:)i,'ni(ictnt fiiburbs, and )gctlitr, arc laid to contain >o inhabitants; yet tlw for. near fo popnious, in propor- fizc, as the town ; becaufc in the fuburbs iiave extcniive >giiig to them, and many fa. ve durini^ the winter within 'mi, fpcnd the futnmer in the le catlicdrai is butit of free- yards Jong, and 48 broad, le »s 447 feet high. Jnftead cock, there was a TurJiiih lemory of the (icge in 1589; Itcond liege, in i6«j, they r a golden crofs, which thr*-- ivas thrown down by a ftorm. hi.re is a black fpread eagle, ' a gilded ciofs. Joining to the archbifliop's palace, ths • is very fine. The univcr- nl thoufand ftiidents, who, ity was befieged, itiounttd didalfoin 1741. Uelidc this, icademy of Lower Aultria ; lucal library is muth fic' reigncrs, as it contains above ■d books, and 10,000 manu. academy of pointing is re- he line piitures it produces, treakiry, and a cabinet of the houfe of Auftri'a, are The inhubitantb, in i^cnc- lendid manner ; and people have all I'orts of wines at 'hich they are very free n.ers. There is a fort of a Danube, where there are aval ftortrs, and ihips have to ferve on that rive'-.iijainft Vitno.i is ail archbishop's i-d .It the place where the :r Witn, falls into the D*. VV. of Prcfl.urg, 350 M. ^ Sio S. K. by S. of Am- i- < Pans, and 6S0 E. in. Lou. 16. z8. £. lat. 4S. very ancient and confider. ' ance, in thedcnanmenr of iiovintc of D.iuphiny. It Kir iMiik of the Rhone, id fornncily a good brid^'c, l"iiic pi, rs lemain, that AU'.ion dangerous. Porn- 1;^ It ritmui Allolrcv:un,.i: 't" on^ftn to the Ahohrow+r ■ H''nians it was the capi- .-^ • JUlUlC Icat of a fcnare. 1>T V. ' 1b V I G In the fifth ccnturv, the Burpundisns liiade it the cajiitai of their kingdom. Jts commerce coiifills in wines, illk, niiJ f word -blades, which lall arc highly cllecmed. Before rl.c lovoiiition, it wis the ftc of an archbilliop. The cathedral is a handfotnc Gothic ftruchire. In i 3 1 1, a fjeneral council was held lure, at which pope Clement V. prefulcd, and Philij) (lie r.iir of France, Edward 11. if Knj'Jnnd, and James J I. of'Airai'on, allllted. Tliis council is famous for ilic lupprcHion of the ctltbr.^tcd order of the Knu!;hts Templars of Jerufaltm. Near V'ienne, on the hanks of the Rhone, arc produced the c:vcellcnt wines of Cotc-Rotie, in a foil where the grape, as the name .' iports, 's aimoil parched up by the fun ; and, a little fur- ther, to thf left, are grown the famous hermitage wines, fo called, btraufe a her- mit had his grotto there. Vienne is 1 5 miles S. of Lyons, and 165 S. 1£. of Paris. Lon. 4. 51;. £. lat. 4;. ^1. N. "* ViENNE, a department of France, formed of pait of ihe late province d Poitou. Poitiers is the capital. It takes its name from a river which rifcs in the (Icpartment of Corrczc, and falls into the Loire between Chinon and Saumiir. * ViENNE, Upper, a dcparcment of Fiance, compriling the late province of Limofin. Limoges is the cnpital. ViKRARDKN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Sa.xony, and in tlie marche of Brandenburg, fcated on the rivci- Vcfle, at its conduencc with the Oder. ViERZOM, a very ancient town of France, in the department of Cher and late province of Berry, ft is famous for its forges, and is ieated on the Cher and "Yevrc, in the motl pleal'ant and fertile part of the department, 1 7 miles N. W. of Bourges, and too S. VV. of Paris Lon. 2. 10 K. Iat.47. 12. N. Viiisri, a Imall town of the kingdom ♦j." Naples, with an arciihiiliop's fee. It i' feated on the gulf of Venice, in the pla:c calli-d the Spur of the Boot, and at the foot of Moull^ Garden. It is thin of people, and is 15 miles N. E. of Manfre- tlu;ua, and 117 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 16. 40. E. lat. 41. 51. N. ViGAN, a town of Fr.ince, in the de. paitnisnt of Gard snd late province of J^angucdoc. 25 units W. of Alais, and 25 N'.W.of Nilmcs, ViGEVANo, a town of Italy, in the tliithy of MiliMi, :(nd cajiltal of the Vige- Venaico, with abilhop's fee, and a Ikcng critic, ieated on a rock. Ic was formeily tiie relidence of the dukes of Milan, and is wated near the liver Tefmv, ii miics V I L S. E. of Novara , and 1 ^ S. W. of Mil«.' Lou. S. !;4. E. ht. 45.12. N. Vi(iNAMONT- a town of Germ uiy, in the biilioj'ric of Lir^'r, two miles N. of Hiiy. Lon. t,. 21. V... lat. 50. ^4. N. Vi(;o, n town of Sp'.iu, jn Galicia, with an eld caftle, a fort, and a ;:;)'d har- bjur. The town is furnnuidtd bv .i tingle wjII, that has four ball inns, boi is in- cap'ihlf iif fiiflaiiiiM;^ a lon^ fit;-;-. The harbour is rcniarka lic for a ftatight, in i-oi, hetvvL-en fa" C^corge Rr'okt, com- mander of the Eni'lifh and Dutch I'i.eti, and u fquadron of French men vi war, with 13 Sp-.nilh •.'dJcons under their convoy. Admii-al Hopfoii broke througl^ the boom laid acrols the mouth of the harbour, and tlie KngHlh took four gal- leons and five men of war, and the Dutch, five galleons and one man of wxr. Fourtocii men of war and four gaflrons were dcltroyed, with a grcal: quaniity of plate and other rich cTcdts j and a great deal ot lilver was t,iktn, though part of \\. was carried on fhore before the cngiige- ir.ent. While this was tranfafting, the duke of Ormond, witli fomc land forces, drove the Spaniards from tlie caftle which defended the harbour. Vigo is feated on the Atlantic, eight miles S, VV. of Rt- dundclla. and zfio W. N. VV. of Madrid. Lon. o. 13. VV. lat. 42. 14. N. ViHih. RS, a tnvn of France, in the deparrmcn: of Maine and la'c in-oviaco of Anjnii. Tiie inhal>itants have a great trade in catde. It is I'eated on a lake, 10 miles S. of Angers, and 162 S. VV. of Paris. Lon. o. 2). W. lat. 47. 8. N. Vilaine, a river of France, which hss its fource in the department of Maine, waters Vitre and Renncs, divides tl'.e de- partment of M)rbihan from that of Lower Loire, and enters the bav of Bil- cay below Roche Bernard. When lir Edward Hawke defeated the French fleet in 1759, fcvcn or eieht of their men of war took (litltcr in this river, in which they were obliged tJ lic Icvcral months, Viila-Ar AGOVKsE, a town of Sar-, dinir., 17 miles N. E. of Saffari. Loii- ii,\ 50. E. 1-t. 40. s6. N. ' "'- Z^' Vrf.i.A-BoHiM, a town of Portugal, ii]' Alcntejo, 10 miles S. VV. of Elva-.. ''" ViLt.AC, a Inndlbmc trown of Gef'J^! many, in the circle of Auftria and ductiy'' of Carimhia, bcl3nj;;ing to the billiop of Bamberg, with a caftle. Its irdribitants carry on a great trade with the Vtn'ctians. Near it are the baths of Toplitz, and it is feated at the coriflcicnce of the river* Dnive and Geil, furroundcd bs' dreadful' m'ju;it.iins, iz miles S. VV. gf Cla^eidu.i, 7 and 1 f L=^k>Iinho, with a imall harbour, ;,t tht- luomh of the river Ava, 10 niitLS E. of Bni"cits, aud so N. \V. of Oporto, Loii. 8. 13. VV . Lit. 41. 14- N. . . , '* VH.LA-DI--HORTA, the pniicipa. town of the ill;\nd of Fyal, otic ot the Azores. It is ftRtL'tl on the weftcrn coall of the iftand, ?.nd has a harhmir, Uiid- locked on ever fide except the li. and N. E. and defcnued by leveral forts. Lon. iS. 36. W. lat. j8. 32. N. V I L L A - n E - M OB 1;, a town of N. Ame- ric:\, in New wp?..i, and in the govern- tncnt of T.>Dafc( , leated on a river of the fame naire, 30 Miles f.oin the fea. VlLT A-Ul l.-Rty, a ttnvn of Sp£in, m Eftramukira, on the frontiers of Portugal, taken iiy tlie aH't-s '» t7o<>- 'f '» itHved on the river Guadiana, 17 miles N. W. of B^daj-/.. L'm.7. 10. W. lat. 38.43. N. Villa-Flob, a hantllome but (ma'.l town of Portugal, in the province of Tra- ios-Monies, between Mirandelaand Tor- re- dc-Moncorvo, defended by a caftle. Vij.la-FkaNCA, a fenport of Italv, in the o.ninty of Nice, with a harbour, dei'tiided by a caftlc, and the fort Mont Alban. In 1744. >t ^'■as taken by an army of French and Spaniards, but af- terward reiiored. It was aj^ain taken by the Frencli m iTgs- I' 's '!i'''ce miles E. of Nice. Lou. ?• ^S- E- '»'• 43- Vn.r.A-FKANCA, a town of Italy, in ha tertitcry »f Venice, and in the Vero- tn-fe. wi-.li a filk manufaftory ; 10 miles S. of Verona, Lon. ii. 13. ii. lat. 4;. 36. N. Vili.aKh ANCA, the capital of the ifl.tnd of St. Michael, one of u.z Azores. k is fobjeft to the Purtuguoie. Lon. 25. 35. W.lst. 37. 50. N. _ Villa-Franca, a town of Spam, in Eftramadura, fcated on the river Tormts, 54 miles S. E, of Salamanca. Lon. 4. 34. W. Idt. 40. a6. N. VlLI-A-FRANCA-CE-PANArES » hasiifotnc 'own of Gpain, in Catalonia. It is furrour.ded by wails, and leated near the Mcditerrantan, 2:-. miles N. E. of TarrapQiia, and 18 W. of Barcelona, Lon. r. 1;;. !'- kit..n. 2S. N. ViLt.AHB.RMosA, a town of Spain, in V:;kne!8, near the river ?v]illas, ^i miles In'. W. of Valiiicia. VlLtA-NoVA, a fmall town of Portti- gal, hi the ptovtndc of Entre-Doutro-e- Mt'nto i«attd ou tiit livtr Dou«io, oppo- — V I L lite Oporto, on which it depends. It is defended bv fevcral forts. ViM.A-NuovA-n'AsTi, a town of Piedmont, in the county of Afti, 10 miles E. ol Turin. Lon. 7. cq. E. I?r. 4:;. co. N. ViLLA-pAN'nA, a town of Spain, in Li: 111, wuh a well-funiilhed arfenal, and a iiipeib p.iiacc belonjijini; to tlic conftable of C'aftile. It IS zb rni!es from Toro. Lon. 5. o. W. iar. 41. «. N. Vii.la-Rkai,, a 'nwn of Ponugal, in t. c pi'ovince or Tra-los-Moiitcs, and ca- pit 1; of Coinnrca, leated at the confluence of the rivers Corgo Slid Ribera, 15 milc'3 N. E. of Lamegi\ and 4";. S. E. of Brag:i. Lon. 7. 10. W. lat. 41. g. N. Vii.!.a-Rf. At., a town ofSpain, in t'iie province of Valencia, z(> miles N. of Va- kr.cii. Lon. o. 10. E. lat. jq. 4'i. N. V"iLT,A-lie. It fuihiined a fa- tuous fiege againft the Sptiniards, in 1667 ; which occafvmed a battle m a neighhour- ing plain, the fucceCs of which pt:iced the cr>)wn of Portugal on the head of the duke of Braganza. It is \(i miles S. W. of El- vas, and 83 S. E. of Lifbon. Lu.i. 7. 16. W. lat 38. 36. N. ViLLA-Vicros A, a 'oaport of Spain, in the province of Al^urii:., (laitd on the bay of Bil'cay, 22 miles N. E. of Oviedo. Lon. 5. 24. W. 1m. 43. 22. N. * ViLl. A-ViciosA,a ti^-nof Spain, in New Caftile, where, in 1710, gciKral b;r.- refflbcrg defeated the French and Spaniards under the duke of Vendome althougli they were twice his number ; but, fr an want of provifions, he was obliged to decamp, and to leave to the vanquifhed all the :'dvan- tHi;e3 of a complete viftory. Villa-Viciofa is lix mifes N. E. of Brihucga, and 49 N. E. of Madrid. Vii.LE-DiEU, a town of France, in tlie department or the Channel and late province of Normdndy, 18 miles S- L. of Couttincts, and 12 N. N,. E, of Av. ranches, Lon. 1, 8. W. lat, 48. 52, N. •;_ ■■ > - - ■■ .. ti' ViLl8- • -:i .»igsj«»ws»B9a>«*'«»i*»*'«s«i»^^ V I L I, on which it: depends. It is ' fevcral forts, uovA-n'AsTr, a town of liii the county nf Adi, lo miles n. Lmi. 7. !^r,'. E. hr.4^. co. N. l*AVnA, a town nf Spain, in .1 well-fi.riniheii arfcnsi, and [iacc ltcioii<.^iiiir f" the conftnblc It IS jb itiilts from Toro. . i.ir. 41. r. N. KAt,, a ^^^^n of Portii^l, in e of Tra-los. Monies, aiid ca- nrit.-ii, I'pated nt the conflutncc » Corgo Slid Rihtra, 1 5 milcj :m«r;v\ and 4.;. S. E. of Brai;;!. W.iaf. 4,. 9. N. Rr.Ai., a t(5wn of Spain, in the ■Valencia, ;ri milcs'N. of Va- -'n. o. 20. E. lar. 59. 4.'i. N. KicA, a Icaport of N. Aine- Uc\i;:o, fe;ncd on tlic gulf of 00 miles E. nf the ciiy of r."n. 103.36. VV^. lat. 10. o. N. Ri< A, a town of S. America, tatcd on the hkt Malabaugcn, cm the South Sea. Lon. 72. 41. 15. S. •VictoiA, a l-^ree town of in Aknt-jo, with an old caftic, :e, v/hcrc the dukes of Rmgan- V rciid.-d. Jf is fortifie-lin the flu, and in the iuhurb is an an- >!e, orii;iriily built to th- honour line. The foil abor ..,ii town is fertile, and there are ', of BarbadiK's, it is inli.Hiirod bv a ricc of people, of wh.>rii Dr. iv.bartfon pivos this account ; " There is a j;rcat di^iin.-lim in charader titrvvt'n th;: Ch- nubees and the inhabita.ita of the iMi'gcr illands. Tne frTinor ap;>ear m.mifelliy to bi; it fcparate rnr:, Ttieir languatje i'l la- tally dirttrtnt from that of their ntigh- bours lu the- large- ilhuuls, Thty tlivm- lelves have a trr.dition tint their anc. Itnrs came oi^;iMilly h(bees, who inhabited the windward C)i\c of the illand, and who were obliged to confcnt to a peace, by which they- ceded a very large tratt of v^ luable land to the crown. Tho confe- quence of this was, that in the ncKt >var, in 1779, they ^fe^tly contributed co the reduitiun of this idand by the French, who, however, refloitd it by thit ptace of 1783, St. Vincent's is about 24 nr.le* in length, and 18 in breadth. It is ex- tremely fruitful, being a black mould upon a ftrong loam, the moft proper for the raiilag ofi.igar ;atid indigo tiui-je* here ro. markably well, Lon. 61,0. vV'.iat 13.0. N. ViN- 1 V I R V I S ViNCFVT, St. a town of Spain, In Old Caftilt;, writhacaftle. It is ftatcd tm a hill nt.ir the Ebro, 138 milts N. E. of MaHnd. F>on. 1. 40. W. lat. 42. 30. N. Vincent, St. » maritime province of S. Amcrira, in Brafil ; tiotinded nn the N. by rhe republic of St. Paul, and the cnpiainftiip of Rio Janeiro ; on the E. by the fame captainfhip, and thi- fea ; and on the VV. by the province of Gualacns. It is fubjeiTi to Portuj;al. The capital i^of the fame name, and has a good hailxiur on the Atlantic Ocean. Lon. 46. 30. W. Int. 14. TV S. * ViNCKNT, St. one of the Cape de Vcrd Iflnnds on the cnaft of -^fricn. Tt is uninhabited ; but on the I f! 't ■ *■ it is a good bay, where iliipi '■ wi and water, and wild goars ma^ ■; lb' . It is faid that more turtle is cauu i. near this ifland than round all the reft, and that it abounds with faltpttre. * ViNCORi.A, a Dutch feftlement in the peniiifula of Ilmdoollan, and on the coaft of Concan, a littlu N. of Goa. ViNTIMIoi.i .«, an ancient town of Italy, in the republic of (icnoa, with a bilhop's fie. a I'mail harbour, and a ftroiig calUe, which is all us defence. It has been often t ikcn and retaken in the wars of Italy, and h fcated on the Mediterra- nean, at the mouth of the rivers Bibera and Roita, eight milos N. E. of Monacco, and 70S. W. of Genoa. Lon. 7. 43. E, lat. 43. (,3. N. ViRE, a confiderabic town of France, in the depu-tment of Calvados and late province of Normandy, with levcral m:'.- nufafttories of coarfe wtes by tke Spaniards, in ho- nour of the ! 1,000 virgins of the legend. They are about 30 in number, and are pof- feired by the En^lilTi and Danes. Sir Francis Drake ("ailed through' them in 1 580. In tite tir(\ divifipn of thofe poffelfi d by the Enii!ini,isTortola,the principal, which fee. To this idand belong; Joft Van DykeN and Little VanDvke's.Guana Ifle, wi;!- Btcf and T :atch irtand'-;. In the fe- cond di?i(:ours ; to this ifland belong An<'t;ada, or Drowned '(le, Nicker, Prick- ly Pear, snd Mn(ki-.o Iflands, •the Com- uunoes, Scrub and Dog IflancR) the FaU lenCltjr (two rocky iflers. clofe top;ethrr, at i dilT.nce rcfcmbling ruins) the Round Rock, Ginger, Coo;ier's, Silt Ifland, Pe- ter's Ifland, and the Dead Chcft. Of the Danifls divifion, ih» prinetpa! iflands are St. Tho.nas' and 9t. John's. Virginia, one of the United States of North America, l>ounded on the S. uy North Carolina ; wi t'le VV. by the M;l'- filfippi ; on the N. by Pennfylvania and the river Ohi->} aiid on the E. bv the Af- latnic Ocean. It is t^H miles in length, and 1x4 in br^'adth. The principal rivers are James, York, Rnppabannoc, and Po- foniHC, all which are full of convenient anni (hod. The richeft lands lie le branches of the rivers, and a- .vith various forts of timber, fur- y large. At the heads of the are mountains, vallies, hills, and with different trees ; and, indeed, ny years ago, the whoJe country to be one continued wood, with ions here and there, where the f the trees had been grubbed up. rincipal produce of Virginia is to- wheat, and Indian corn ; but the of tobacco has confiderably de- ft favour of that of wheat. Vir- divided into 74 counties, and the town is Richmond. TON', a i'mall town of the Auftrian lands, in Luxemburg, iz miles W. :embiirg, and 10 N. E, of Mont- Lon. ;. 41. E. lat. 49. 36. N. lAPOUK, or Bejapovr, a con- ie city of the Deccan of Hindooftan, :e the capital of a large kingdom of ne name. It is now in the hands Poonah Mahrattai. It is 136 miles f Poonah, and 134 S. E. of Bom- Lon. 75. 19. E. lat. 17. 26. N. ET, a town in the circle of Wcft- and bifhopric of Liege, feated river Maefe, feven miles N. of Lon. ;. 40. E. lat. ^o. 44. N. ISHNEI-VOLOTCHOK, a town of ia the govcrnmcac ofTver. It is fsftced ~ V I T (iHted on the river Zua, and is one of the inipi.ri:il villages enfranchiied by tlie prc- fcnt cmprcts. It is remarkable f ^r its can:\l, which, by uniting the Tverza and the Mafia, ciynnc£ls the inland navigation I'etivctn the Calpim aixl the Maltic. The inhabittn's, iinU-d frcra the fituation cf (laves to that of irccinen, fcem to have (liaktn oft' their former indolencti and to be awakened to a Itnfc of their commer- cial advantages. The lown it divided into regular ftrcets. All the buildings arc of wood, except the cnurt of juftice creftcd Hi the charge of tht; cniprcfs, and four brick houle;-- belonging 10 a rich burgher. It IS 50 miles N.W. of Tver. Lou. 35. o. E. lat. 57. 13. N. VisoGOROi), a town of Great Po- laud, in the palatinate of MaCovLt, (catcd on the river Vidula, with a caftle. * UisT, N. and S. two iflands of the Hebrides, nn the W. coaft of Scotland ; each about zo miles in length, and of cou- fiderable breadth. VisTUi A, the largeft river of Poland. It rifts in Mount Cra|iach, on the con- tines of Silefia and Upper llungarv, crol'es Little Piland, a part of Maiovia, of Great Pc land, and of PrvifTir;, and falls by three mouths into the Baltic, bcluw Dantzic. ViTF.RiiO, an a '.cient, large, rnd hand- fomc town of Ital> in the patrim. i,- of St. Peter, with a bil. ('p's ice. It contiins abiuit I !;,ooo inhibit, nts, fixreen [ lifU- churches, and niuny ha.Mli;:it pnlai-cs and fountains. Near it is . fpring, lb hot, that it will boil an cg^r and even fielii. It is feated at the foot of a n ountain, in a country watered bv levcral Ireams, and is the bcft place in the p.ipt's territories. From the mounram, the city of Rumc and the Mediterranean Sea may be (ten ; the latter at the dillancc of near 50 miles. It is 20 miles S. E. of Orvieto, and 3; N. by W. of Rome. Lon. ii. 16. E. lat. 41. 25. N. ViTRE, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ifle and Vilaine and late pro- vince of Brittany. It has a great trade in linen cloth, and knit ftockings and gloves. It is feated on the river Viiaine, 20 miles N. E. of Renncs, and 51 S. E. of St. MMo. Lon. 1. 13. W. ht.4S. 14. N, * ViTRi-Lf-BRULE, a fmall village of France, one mile from Viiri-le-Fran- (;ois. It was formerly a confidtrable town,, but -was taken and- (as its name imports) burnt tiy Lewis VII. Vjtri-le-Fran(JOis, '3 confiderable town of France, in the department of Mwne and late province 'of Chainpngne. It it weU built, though the hcjafe* «ri mrxs^.XttiifVtM'f'- U K R of W00.I i and there ii a very (iiic f^jiwe, in which the p^irilh cbunli Aandi. it li popul ills, and the inhabitants carrv on .1 gieat tr.uic, puticiiUrly in corn. It i* iiaicd on the liver Mjriu, 15 iniles S. \\. of Ciulons ») W. of Dar-ie-duc, and 100 E. of Pan*. L„n. 4. 38. £. Ut. 4*. 44. N. Vin-BAUX, a town of France, in the diparituentof CutuV.'Or and late pruvince of liur^^unJy, Iti.ied mi tUo river Brain?, among the mountain*, where lUere .ire qu.irrits of marble, 17 milci, VV, of Dij ni. and 12 S. K. of Sen.ur. Lon. 4. 27. E. lat. 57. JO. N. VtTTOKiA, a confiderable town of Spain, in Bificay, and capital of the pro- vince of Aluva. It is fiirroundcil by d m- ble walls, and in the principal Hju ire arc the to\vi:lu.ure, two tcjnvcnt.^, I'cvcral wtll-huilt houfes, and a fiae foant.in. The Irtrgc ftrctts arc bordered wiih fu-.e trees, winch irc a go'ul defence aj^^iinl lliw- heat of the !un. There are very ri;ii merchnnts here, who cany un a great trnde in hardware, which tiiey i'cnrl to dirttreni p.iits of the kint^doin. I'hey alio deal in v\ ool and wiiics, aa.i punicu- larly in fwcrd blades, which they make in large Cjt.aniitits, It is itated at the end ot a {I, ,'lani ;)lai;i, fertile in c:rn and prapcs, |i iTiilos S. K. of B.loia, aad 155 >.-.'■ MaiUid, Lon. t. ill. W. lat. 42. i.-N. VivKRO. a town of Spain, in Galicia, feated at the foot of a fteep nounrain, near the fniail river Lindr.^va, whoCe mouth forms a twd and Lr^^e harbour on the Atlantic Ocean, 30 miles N'. \V. of Mondonnedr). Lon. 7. 34. W. lat. 43, 50. N. VivRtRs, an ancient town of France,, in the department of Ardcthc and bt* province of Dauphiny, wi li a bilhop';, I'te. It is a fmall town, but the reverie cf 4 neat one ; and it is feared among rocks, oft one of which the cathedral is bailt. It is (ituate on the river Rhone, 10 miles N. of. Orange, and 70 N. \L. of Muntpeirjer. Lon. 4. 46, E. iat. 44. 20. N. Vi.-A, a town of Turkey in Europe, in Ro;iiania, with a Greek archbi (hop's fee. It is Icated at the foot of a mountain, at the iburce of the river Giueatiro. Ukeknusde, a town of Gci'many, in Pomerania, ieatcd on the bay, calleJ the Great HaiT. which is the iTijuth of the Ucker, with a fortified cauie. L.jn.M4. li. E. Lit. z.^. 51. N. Ukraiwe, a large country of Europe,- lying on the borders ot Turkey in Europe,. Poland, Ruilin, and Little Tavtary. Ics nanw pi-operly figtiities a fnnUer. By a 2 s tccjity Ik — O L iVl ~~ treaty between Rii^ia and Poland in i6oi, the I Atter nmaiiitd in polTcirKHi of all tliit rartnf the Ukraine, lyin« on the \V. fid: oftheriv 1 Dniirer, \^hiihii but imlif- fcrcnil. M.lttva'id ; while ill.- cuiUi;;^ on tin- E. I '.'. inh,ihk<.d by ihi-Cnl'Lits, u ni much tutur condition. The Ru(!;;u) pnrt ii cimipriOd in the government of Ki t | aiul tlie cuiprefs of K fll.i having obiiun.d the Pi.lifi. iv-.!.<'in«rc of. Kiof. hy the trcuy of partition in I-f)^ the whole of the Ukraine, ou both fides "f fhe Dnieper, b;if-'-; now to that ambitious and formid- abicjpnwcr. The principal town i^ Kiuf. SccCossACs. Ulauislaw. See Inowladis- *'\jLCAMf, or Ulcuma, a kingdom of U M A and%vool. The duke of Bavaria becam; mafter of it in 1702, by a ftratagem 1 bm, after the battle of Blenheim, in 1704. 'I"- Biiv.iri tns furrcndercd it bv capunUtion. The f.nifieationi h.>d fuft'ered greatly, U is j6 milts W. of Aut;(burg. 47 =. h. nf Stutgard, 6j N. of MuukIi, and m VV. of Vienna. Un. 10. ix. E. !»«■ 4a< tv N. , Ulmek, atinvnnf Germany, in tbe circle of the Low r Riiinc and archbiilion- ric of Msiii/., on the troiuitrs ot the diichy of Deux Ponts, jo nnks N. h. ct Treves. Lou. -.S. E. Ut.=o 7.N. Ulsti- H, a pr-nncL of Ireland, houml- cd on ih^ E. bv the Irifli Sea, on the s l,V the NoitheVn Ocean, en the \\ . 'y the Welkin Ocean, on the S. Oy tbt ULCAMt. or UtCUMA, a kingdom ot tuc " ^"^" ■;,;7' „,;,,,„ ,1ac S. W.hv Africa,, on the coaft of Gu ne^ ^..u. P-'-nce L. |Ur. and ^,1 ^ ^ _^ ^^^_^^^ tbofe of Adies and Renin, where the trad eru pet H I'n-at number of flaves. U'l rEr'ni'CK, a town of Auflrian Bra- bant, two mih E.ofLouvain.and II miles S. E. of Mechlin. Lon. 4. 51. E. lat. 50. U1.IF.TEA, one of the Society IHes, in the Soutn Pacific Ocean. Lon. 151. tO. VV. ■» Ui rvroot., a ncwlv crciled viuage of Ro'Uhire in Scotland, Tuuated on the N. !id<: ot Loch Broom. Uli «,w atlu, a like ot Weftmorland, 10 mile. N. of AmbleiHlc, and 14 S. W. of Penrith. It is about tight miles long, is of a fufTuicnt dej^th for breeding char, and .-.bounds with a variety uf other iilh. Trou:, tipwar.! of 30 pounds weight, are faid to have been taken in it. 1 he navi- gators of this lake find much amulenient by difcharging guns, or tinall cannon, in certain Rations. The report is reveruc- rated from rock to rock, promonti-ry, ca- vern, and hill, with every variety uf found ; now dying away upon the tar, and aeain returning like ptals of thunder, and tfiuVre-t^choed leven timt- diftu.dtly. Ui M, a free and imperial fnnilied city that of Cunr...ught. -- in leng.h, and .00 in l>readth. Tlie pnn cipal rivers are, the Uanne, the Lough- foylcthe Swillv, the Mesv.y Water, aiu. the M.t hin.opiics, 10 cuuniics, ..lui 2(., parilhes. The principal place is L 'n- dund^-rry. , ^ . ,,^ Ult/euy, a town of Germany, m the circle of Lower Saxony and du^Uy o- Lu- nenburir. It is Itated <.n the river lime- nan, .-.rmiles S. of Lunenburg. Lon. ic 38. E. lat. s:. 3-'^'- , ■, ,, Ui.viiitsroNf, a neat town n Lanej. fhirc, in the hundred of Furner., wit.t a market on xMonday. The ^""'"'•y.P"'^^^ call it Ouaon, and U is leatcd at the foe of a Iwift dacent of hills to the S. E. n.ar afliallow artu of the infli Sea. 1 ... ftreets arc .egul.ir, and exeeUcntiy w h navcd. Tiiis town is the port of the lii- ftrLo^ of Turn-r-,. Th^ principa inns_; re U. M, a free and imperial tnrt,t,ea eity kern by tl.. guides. ^^^^^J^^l^. .f Lrn;a.y,.in the cit^c _of _Suab,a. .id an^ ftvm ^^^!;- 'J^^^Sl^ ,, ,, ur \Jt 1 in 111 Y , ■ the chief of that order in i!ic circle, where the archives thereof arc dcpofited. Tlic inhabitants are proteftants. Tliere is a rood college in this city ; and in the ca- t\icdral, which is a handfonic nru«urc, are 63 copper vcfTels full of water, ready for the cxtinguifhing of fire. There are po lefs than 401 ftcps to the top jf the l;ecp!_c. It is one of the largeft and beft places in Germnny ; and the townhoufe is a very hamll'ome edifice. It is feated on the Da- nube, where it receives the river IMer. There is a handfomc bridge over the Da- t\ube,' which greatly favours the trade of i'upl :)'.ic d with e6ra. iUe-tp, ufl, and oiUti piovilions. itisiSmilesN.W.<>fLan. carter, and t67 N. K- \- of I^^ndon. Lon.3- «i-"^^'-K- 54. '4.1^; , Um \, a town 0£ Swedeu, in W. Botli- nia, fi.ated ou the river Uni.i, in the gul Bothnia. The houi;e. are btnlt ot wood V aiul it wa.; twice burnt by the Rufllaus. It «th.refidence. of the go- vernor of W. Iio::inia, and is »8o ».!» N. of StoclJiolin. Lon, 19. 9. iV w- »3' 58. N. Umaco, a tow a of Iftria, feated be- t^ube,' which greatly favours the trade of ,^^;''tb e ^Jf of L«£«n* -»'l ^'= l"""''' the inhabitants in linen, fuftianf^lvayawAfc, t\^<^t^?J{!*«.9t.,%«i«"* "'* .£ M":- y,M»«»«*aw^«w«s*^»ew»*«* U M A ~ Tlic duke of Bavaria becamf it in 1701, by a ftratagcm 1 but, |battlc of Blenheim, in 1704, the fiiiTcnJcrcd it bv cauiiMUtioii. Iiilicatioin hid fuffcrcrt greatly, miles \V. of Aiiglburg, 47 S. E. hrd, 6j N. of Munich, and 175 I anna. Lon. 10. it. £. lat. 4!}. N, a town of Germany, in the the Lnw.r Rliinc and arclibiihon- Miiiu, on the frdntitrs of tlie if J)i-iix Punts, 30 niiits N. E. ot Liin. -. bl. E. lat. pr vtnct of Ireland, liound- IV E. by the Irifli Sea, on the N'. NorthiJin Ocean, en tlie VV. by Ucin Ocean, on tlic 8. by tla c of Lcmlter, and on the S. VV. In- Cinr.aU^iht. h is about 116 niilLi Ii, and 100 ill lireadih. Tlie piiii Mrs arc, the Uanne, the Lough - he Swilly, the Mevviy Water, and line. Jt abounds with large lakis. : , in general, ib fruitful in corn and and there are plenty of horfej, and beeves. Tlie waters are deep, eld plenty uf filh, p.irtieulHily fal- This province cuiu.iins one ^rc^• ric, fi\ bifliopiics, 10 counties, .aid inliies. The principal place is L'n- ■■•■y- J /KUY, a toiwn of Germany, m the f Lower Sax(.ny and duchy o* Lu- irl.^ It is Itattd on the river llnie- .-. r miles b. of Lunenburg. Lon. ic. . lat. ;:. 3v N. ,viiH.sroNi', a mat town rf Lanca- ill the hundred of Furncf-, with a et on Monday. Th>; country pci r!t t Ouilon, and it is featcd at the foot "wift JLl'cent of hills to the S. E. iiuar How ar;u of the Irifli Sea. Th.: s aic ke;.;ui.ir, and excellently wdi L 'I'iiis town is the port of the di- uf T'urn.r.. Thv principal inns : re by the guides, who rcj^ularly pafs to roni [..ancaucr, every Sunday, Tutf- and I'riilay ; and the market is wtl! led with corn, ilieep, lii):, and niliei lions, it is iS miles N. W. of Lan- ;, and 1(7 N. N. V.'. of London. 3. 12. W.Ut. 54. 14. M. J A, a town of SwcJeu, in W. Both- fiatfd on the river Uiii.i,, in the gulf othnia. The houfc* arc built of , ; and it \va, twice burnt by the aus. It u th.; rcfidtnce of the go- ir of W. iio.lini.i, and is iSo miles f Stockholm. Lon, 19. 9. E. lat. 63. MACO, a towa of Iftria, fcated be- ti.tUe ^uif of Largona atid the roouth MHdjeMMM U N I don, ai;i! LiinburK) in v/hich ari the town* ue, lUcdj, Bergt nop-Zooiii, Micftrieht, Vtnlo, Sliiys,aml HuHL Tim ri public (which IS likcwil'r callitl by the gentr.1l name of IlilUud) a.fjrdii a ftnkiiij{ proof, that unwearied .ind ptrlcVJiiiig in- diidry is iHpuhle of coivpicring every dif- advantage of cliuntc and litoation. The air And water at; nearly equally bad \ the fiiil produces naturally fi.arcc any tliini' hut turf ; and the ix^flVinon of tliit i)i:iiwAi.i>KN', a csntoti land, and the lixth in rank. It if btiuiuU ed on tlie N. Iiv the c;inton of Lticcrn, and by the hii-.e of the four canton;; on tht E. by the hii^h mount, dus, which fe- parare it from the canton of Uri ; on the 8. by the mountains of Brunich, which part ir from the canton of Bern ; and on r. very foil is difputed by ttic ocean, which rifing confiderahiy above the level of the linJ, IS prevented fiom nvcrtkiwine it, only by ftronj; and expcnfive dikes. ^ et the labours of the pa'ieut Dutch- nun have rirndered this luial! and leein- the bankers for a I lowing order: 1. Guclderland, fubdivided Europe. IJut thcl'e advantajjes did n^ . into the diftrii^sof Nimeguen, Zutphen, and Arnheim ; 1. Ho'latul, lubdivitled Wo S.Holland, and N. Holland, or W. Frisf- land ; 3. Zedland, fuhdivided into the part ricartWe E. Schcid, and the pnrr near the \V. Schfld ; 4. Utrecht ; 5. I^riciland : (u 0*fr»ITi.l ; and, 7. Groningcn. BcTule thefe prcvincts, are ihe lands of the (jc ncralty, (iriLli.uu'.i; Dutcii ^Br.tbant, Fla;> thtir Country continue to be fo lucrative, wlien the other European nations be 'an to open their eyes fo far as to employ their own ihippiftg IQ their trade, ar.d tj cftablifli banks of their own. Notwitiiftanding thef..' deductions, the Dutch trade Is fiill imiiienlp. Jucon- ferjuence of their vail opulence, they lull rep'i'uc theexcliani^c for alt Europe, and is, as It v/tre, the univtu jj wafca IJ N I U N I . WJirtUiiure of the cjinnif iliiiw nf every ijii irti:!' oi ilic rjiilii.. Aiiioiijj iKc ini)n'i- p>ilic, uf ilitir Rnfl Iiviii Cnm|>Miiy, tlie ipiLC tr.icic iH titc 111 >lt v:i!iul)lc i ic com- pri lunik i!r- lUtkLi of tl ,vn, (wr.i., nut- ll'Ci,^, .iiid liiininii'n. Tii' J «va fcufTic i» the Iv 11 next to ih it nf M '.c;! : .ind I'tliur grt il Uriinctiii ol llii^ fr.iilc.irt lite, c itt m, Dippti, fic. articles (if (jrc.ii inipijr 4dc«, liur nut il) lilt; rxcliil'iv. j) iHi-irion of the Duicli. Tlitv art tlic cnly Huropcin ii.i- iKMi liirlierfo pcrniiiteil to trule dirt-illy tr> ,hp u; liiit thi^ triilo in alff OH il\c dc- tliiic, Tiieir W. Indi.i Cr)mp:inv car- ries III a tr.idf, nut onlv i.>tltt \V. lii.liti, but to the Cf..l(l uf (liimi I ; to the InMcr titicilv tor flivf. ; ;oul, dilhn^l fioin this, tlii'vliut tuo ciiiiip.miLi, uhich trade to Surinam and fliiliice, The f'irei);ii pof- fellions uf the Dii'tli, in Afia, arc the lo.ills nf t!'S iflind of Java, the capital of V hitii i. B..i.ia, tlie feat of tl'e (jovLrii^r- r. ncrul •>! it! their Ka!l Ladii letil. iiieni:. ; rmie fttth. innts on ilie c lalts o! S'.iiii.itr.i, Mai lirir, a'ul C(jruni;iiukl ; th^ j;reaielt flirt of the M( lurcas or Sjiice Ill.imi!, ; I'etil; intiits (T fai'lurie.s in the idand of C'lenei, at Siirat and I'eUM, ai.d in the f;u!f of Pcrlia ; uitli Colond) i, Triiieo- 111 de. he, on tile Kliiid of Cylon. In Afric.i, they have tlie (Japeof Gu id Il.ijie, with Sr. Geor^^e d i Mina, and otiier for- tiifTes and far\iiiies in Guinea. In the VVeft Indies, they have the ilhnds of St. Kuftatia, Salia, and CiirK,\i; and in S. America, the cl'ini'sof ineijuibn, DLine- r governed by its own laws, and extrcil'i'i iiioft of the ri^h". of a fov«reij;n ftate. In confeiiuencc of the Union, the Seven I'rovince* guaranty each othcr't rights ; they make war and peace, levy taxes, ^c. in tlicir j'lint capacity ; bii' us to iiiierii i| g ivjriimeiit, c.icli province is independent of the other pruvinees, tnd of the luptenie power of the republic. 'I'iiey lend depu- tics, cholen out of the provHncial Itates to tJie geiier.il alTtuibly, tailed the ftatcs-gc- neral, which is invcAed with the fuprcme legillative power of the eonfedtrati;jii. l", ich pri)vliice has a right to I'-md is many deputies as It phafes, but it has only one voice in the aflembly of the ftat.-s. At the heal of this government there his ul'iially been, and i» now, a prince ftadt- holder, or governor, who exercifts a very tonfiderahle part < f the executive power of the 11 •e. The ftadtholdcrs, in the order of their elei^ilmn or acccirion to that dignity, were, William I. in 1 1179 ; Mau- rice, in kSj ; Frederic Henry, in 1(121; ; William II. in if>47;VVilliam HI. in I f)7 J, king of England in i6Ss; ; William IV. in i;47 ; and William \'. the pre- fent fiadiliolder, in 1766. After the tlcath cf VVil.iim 11. the dates publidied, in 1667, the perpetual edidl, by which tiie ofTite of ftanholdcr was declared to^ be abolilhed. Uit, in 1672, when Lewis XIV. invaded Holland, tlie ipoft violent commotions of the populace compelled the dates to repeal the ediit ; to inveft the young prince uf Orange with the officer of lladthulJer, rapain-general, and admiral- general ; and to declare thefe dignities he- reditary in his family. On his death, in 1702, the office of ftadtholder WRs again abohihed ; but, in 1741;, when the French no lonjjer rel'iei^led the territories of tlie rcpiibhc (die ally of Great Britain, but neutral as a principal) the fame popular commotions ss liad happened in 1672, compelled the dales, not only to inveft the prince of Orange witli tlie above hijdi "f- liccs, but to declare them hereditary in his family, and even in the female and col- lateral branches. In confequencc of this, when William iV. died in ni;i, his coiilbrt, the iirincels Anne of England. atUd as govcinante in tLc minutiiy iKHl.AN'Us) ihc Seven Uniicil lift hi: cci.ificliied a> one p'^li- littil f ir tlie preltrv^tion of ijf vvliich each finj^le province hy its o\vn lawn, nnil exercil'ci |the riijh". "f ;i fi)V« reign (late. ilvncc uf the Union, the Seven guaranty c.ich I'thcr'i rights ; le war nnil pe.icc, lev y taxci, Ike. nt c^iDueity ; bii' u$ to intcrii.il ch nt, e.icu [inivince is independent lier piovintes, »nd of the luprcnic 1 liic repiibhc. 'I'iicy tend depii- en (iir of tiic provincial it.itcs lo r,\\ alfeinlily, called tlie llates-f^e- I'ith is invcAtd with the fuprcmt; e power of the confedtrati^jit. vliice lias a right to lend « many .IS It pl^afes, hut it has only one the adcmhly of the ftat.s. At of thii government tliere his h'.tn, (ind ii now, a prince ftadt- r governor, who txcrciiVi a very ilile part (^f the executive power fli't. The ftadthokkrs, in the their eieiflion or accelFiun to tiiat were, William I. in i nTg ; Mau- itSj; Frederic Henry, in i(nc,; 1 JI. in 1647; William III. in ing of England in 16SS ; William i;47 ; and William V. the pre- ladiliolder, in 1766. After tiic ■f Wil.itm II. the flatcs pidilidied, F, tile pcrjHtual edi6l, by which tiie 'f Ttacf' holder was declared to^ be cd. Ij It, in 1672, when Lcvvis inva h's , the ])t"incel4 Anne of England, IS govtrnantc in tliC niinuiiiy of , till her death in iie,g; and the prince hiinftlf was declared of a^e in UNI in i-»«<. Fmni the mcifTity that the re- public hive been, as lla»' d ul'ovi., nf ch'/of. ini; a ft.idilmlder, in tiints of ';re,if etiur- genci , it ni ly be mltired, that the !thc|der w?.< deprived of the oHice of captain-f;cncral T - hut the war wai ended, and the ftadthoU I r reft'Tcd, the fatrrc vcar, hv the milita- ry inierfcrence of Great Hi iiain and Pruf- li.i. The digniiy of (lidthnldcr, though hereditarv, and 't' the greatell weight, cm be conlultreJ nu otherwife than as the hrli office tntriilled to a l'ubj;/t of the rt- [iibl^c, and fall "cry fliort of the inort li- liiited li>vercignty. Tlie ftidtliolder is ii'/t entitled to :i voice in the I'uprtir.e lfj;ifla'ive afltmlilv, but lie may be pre- luit at their ineeMiigs. He enj lys a very 'Miple patroniye in confi.tiuenc'.' of his mi- liiary tommjnd. He is prtfident of the E. and W. India C.'om[ mies, and ftailt- hiildcr of eirh I'lnnlc province, but with uncrpial prerog itives. in fomc of the prouiicts, he li,.i the cxclufive right i;f nominating the ma;;i<\rarcs of the towns, and the power of pardonini; criminals; in fonie he has a (Inre in the ligifl:itivc power, and a voice in ihe alTembly of the flates of the province ; in other;., he has either none, or not all ihcfc prerogatives. Another great digniry in tile rtinibhc (^th.e influence of winch !■• ul'uilly oppoftd to the dAd:hr)lder'i interc(l) is the I'fficc of i;rand penfionarv, who, by virtue of his olUce, is perpe'iial rr'mber of the highelt legillaiivc HfTembllc., ihe dates- general, and the feciet cuiTimittee. The departments which are '.niploved in I'uth public alTairs as concern nil the Seven Provinces, ,-.rc the following : 1. The council of dite, coiiipo('(, d ot 12 members, ..liofcn by the S' vc^ Pr ivmicc. under the pre'':di;ncy of tlic ftaJth •Idir : it has its tri:a'urer ar.d ftfrcinry,.iiid is next in r:ink to the ftates. general. 2. The d-partment of t!:e revenue, confittini; of i.; mtinbcrs. 5. The army and n:-i. y treafiiry, tooipofed i^flour members : and, 4. The live; chsm- btri of the admiralty. E..ch province i;. ;;o- verred bv the allembly of its K.Tpective Ihites. Thcfeftatc-, in'alnioO all thepro- viiues, arc compoftd of the n'-'bility, or H'eit landholders, and of the towns, In the »flcmUy of the ftates of the province litcn compared to tint of a cul^riy o( I' ma- di.'.n heavers, whu, by iiiiwe'riid labi.ur, and niuiiinl ilh!Viiii c, are endile.l iibiiiM leciire h i''ititi nis on tin. hanks iif rapid x rivcrj, xr.d 10 f<.rm f .cietlis reivleud < rab!e and iin inciMe hy the tic of firm tinion ', yet their wondeifd fabric would, by dinmtion aiul f'.p.u.nion, loon link iiitu iiifii'iiificarn; or Mtiiobil.itii'n. VS'hcii we coiifider wh.if Hollind was btfre the union of Utrecht ; ami afterward ftc ilic inhabitants of ll;:it Ivsampy fpot .ifl'uii e, for no ii'.conlideralilc per i"d (if time, ihe arbitiiiiin of huropc and the Imlies, it i^ n')t without ri;.ri.t we wiinc s the decay of their power, that admir.blc moimiiitnt of human exertion and induftry. An iin- paiiial obleiver, however, who cannt willi to let the benefits if attuity confined to one fpot, r.nd extorted from the if,no- rance and wraknei's if otlur 11 tion"., will be confolcd by the c-nfvhr. li/n tint the ejclulivc advantages if H .ilund are iiflen- ed bv the lenei.l iinrealc nf indufliy and happinels tiiroiighout all the dates of Eu- rope, and net by any of thole great cala- mities and lev.ihit'ons ilut have put » pe. riod 10 the pi aver of otlier c,mr;uicia! dates. Aiiiderdani is (he capital; but the ft It of the date'.-;;eneral, c.nd tf the C"U:t, is at the H.i^jiie. See Sciih I n. ' Unii Fti S r \ 1 i.s OF A^!K^ICA,a republic of N. America, ciinfifling ori- ginally of thirleen provinces fuhjeft to (ireat P>!itoTi, but which were ackii<)w- ledged free aiid independent dates by the treaty of P.;ri;. in i.'ij. Tliiy are Maf- rachufets, New II tnipfliire, Riiode Illjr.d, Coi'mfticut, Ni '• Vi rl.. New Jerfcy, Pen dylv.inin, Dwliw.ire, Mirylaiid, Vir- gini.., N. and S. C-oolin.i, :i!i',! dtoriria. Only ( 'even of ibc'e dates ;u,crdcd, at lirft, to the new fcHrral cnnirnmio'i, but they were ahcrwnrd j liued by N. Cardlna and I\hode Ill-ind ; ami Kem',;c!:v nn.l Vcr. mont having fir.cc been added to thcin, Z 7. J the V O L' V O L the pre rent number of the ftatcs that form is made betwitn the Volga mi the Neva, this great Amencati republic iv fifteen, or, in other woids, between tlic Cafpiau Sec AMiertiCA. and the Baltic. Tl^'s noble river waters Unn A, a town of Germany, m tb; cir- f'>nie of the finefl provinces in the IViiiian cle of VV'eUphr.lia, und in the rour.ry of empire, paffes by Yarollaf, Koftroma, M.irck It was formerly a cfinfidcrahle Nilhnei-Novoj^orod, Kafai^ Simbirlk, and Saratof ; entering the Cafjjisn Sea, by fe- vera! mouths, below Aftracim. *■ Voi.c,v.N-o,^ on!, 'if ibt mod confi- ileraViloof the f^ipaii Ifjarids, in '.he Mt- ditcrrantan, 'yiti^ to the: S. of the ifland Har>''watic town, hut ntnv belongs to the kiiig of PrufTii, and ii feitt t '^n a I'mall fiver, 10 miles N. E. of Dortmund, and 35 S. of Munfttr. Lon. 7. 49. K. lat. 51. 28.N. Unka, a river of Tiiikey in Eiiropc, of Lipari, from which jt is milts S- F.. of Clagtnfnrt, blifiied. Jt is fciiif.d on af;\dfof the Ca great number of rivers. X.ucko is the ca| pual. VoLt KNIIOVKN, a town of the Uni provinces, in Ovi.iyil'cl, and capital territory.of tlic fame n;ime, on ihe Zuidi Zee, wi'h a (Irong ciHlc, eip,ht miles frc Stcenwick, aud ii from Zwol. Lon. 4:. E. lat. ;i. 44. N, Voi.o, an an.;ient town of Turkc Europe, in the province of Janna, wi ftrong citadel and a fort. It wast:! in it' -; by t!;c Ventti:ms, whu:ilmo.^r rui td it, !)utitis now infomg rr.e.ifnrc rc-tf n.im:, wlierc there is a good harbour, miles S. E. of Lar'ulij. Lon. ii. lat. 74. 21, N. Vol.ODiMiR, or Vi.AniMrit, a L"n. 14. t^Ci. E. i.it. 4''i 4<;. N VoL.> '«''>. a feap'irt of Jralv, in the duchy ol Ferrara, il^tid on tlie gulf if Venice, .it one of t";L i.iouths of ihv To, 40 miles H, of Ferrara. L'.a. i». jti. E. )at. 44. ji. N, Vof.t;A, tiic largeft river in Eiropc, vhicii has iti fiyurce in tivrs fnitill lake-, in the government of T'lelkof, in Ru(i1n, abouE ov miles W. of Tver. It begins to be naviaable ^ few itjilcs above thi'.t . tctyyn. It i^ Kfinfidcrf.blv augmented here fa.Tscnanij-, amUlatt 3 on the river Kiia hy ihe jurid^ton of the Tver/a, whic 1 in a It w.i. once the m'itropiMs or the em broadec, c'ccper, ;ind more rapid rivir. and is i ic miles E, by N. of Mofcow l^y I'luai.v of t^ie Tvcrzij a cotnmunics' >.■.? * VotOL-PA, formerly the hrgc. vcrr.mcnt of the Ruffian empire, for a piovince of the governiv.tnt n| IMoic The (oil is extremely fi^rtile, nnd in forclls art innumerable fwarms of The c,;.pirai iii of the fame name. ' Voj.OTHHIR, f Riuilia, capital of thegovornini.nt of t iMifeL^* .■.yin'.»ji,-^^,%5jS.ff;ir?-s6V-r-f.Js--^^ 'v^i^^fi^vyi v,vi ^'V:^-'^***^~i-'>. .srTri1^_T** VOL made bttwitn the Volgi iiu'. the Neva, ■ in other wotds, between tlic; Cafjiiau id the Baltic. This noble river waiLrs imc of tht fuieft provinces in the l^iiHi.ivi inpirc, paffes by YHrollaf, Koftvoma, rifhnei-Wovo^orod, Kal'an, Simbirlk, and .aratof ; entering the Calpisn Sea, by fe- ■era! mouths, below Aftrncan. » "Volcano, one of tlie inoft confi- U:iabl>;of the Lipati Ifiavids, in the Mt- iiteirnnian, 'ying to the S. of the ifiariu 3f Lipari, From which jt is Uparatid by a [keo channel, a inilc ™d a half i.road. It IS li iTiilcs in circumference, and i^ a vol- cano, :n the form of :■ broken Lonc, but now emits fmokc only. Volcano, as well as all the reft of tlMjiwflandb, is fuppoled to have been iiripiaily the wor one* the metropu'iis of the empire, and is 1 10 miles E. by N. of JVlofcow le h :ie tf 'o, E. :>e, in ila, ins hat ere is a •'. r. 'MS V O R ,11 the Rufliaii European govcrnm'^ni^ a» .-nntaineJ the pruvinces of \ ologJa, l^^iXSutilvki-Uftiuc-jtisn^ Su,^;:i,^:iuf forcu. lake, and nver. -rma,n,^e.t^hu.h built g.. u^- £edma..ar.lit.mdthemha..um. carry on a coBudcra;,lc_trade. T' 1 tow i, felted on the river ,voMa,wla.t^tall into the SukUona, 2 57 m'l'-s ^- ^^ ^• ^^^A, a river of Africa, ia Guinea, which runs from N. to S. and tails it'to IS r.ai water'', ?. miles 6. 1 lorei: the Atlantic Ocean, E..>t Aci.i VO--KFKA. an ancient and confidei- ablevc^N^ofitaly,mT.ic:;Uy,ar.i^:t.ie tritorv of P.la. -"'^^^^'I^PfJ^rnVf' ■„rro'ur,ded bv ftfong walls, contains le- ;.;' ant ihie;. n n^ed for Its medici- -nd i'. leated on a mountain. K. or rifa, and jo S. VV. o. Lon. 10. 4i.£-'^''--^;'-. ^^-i • VoLTfUNo, a river of the ku;^dom of Kapl.s, which rifcs in the Appennine n,oun.a,ns, pafles bv llerti-.a and Capua, and falls into the gult of Oaieta. Vol ruK.MtA, a town of the kingdom ,lKfo'>toftheAppeun,ncs,x7md^>:. E. of Benevent^, a,ul 5 i N. E. ot NapU.- ^'"" V^t.V^;.S •i^^^^l'ot'^oe. in the department of Tuv do Do-n.e «nd ate pro- vince of Auver.ne, two "^'l'^^ t''"'" .^^'f ; Here are immenle .uiarncb, forincd by a ui'ei' of wr.'dit^iuus Itvus. which furnilh :L fertile buildings of the adj^en towns and villa:..es, Tiie »^-"lf «^\ '^ ,^^ employed no other tor tire ttatues ntlu. chtirelas. " The Auvergman U , cl * VotOL-DA, formerly the iargell ol tiietJore, O^vs a F.ench wt^t^r, thel.neumverUl4..vi.h.ionotth^umtO inve here the colour, vNhich shvwaLiu ib iiivi.n to the devil. ' it •. j Wrr, •^^ooKN. an iilu.d of tiie Vmted i ro- vhicci, m S. UolUmd, between the mouths f"h river Maefe. Bikl is the «p.tal " Vaou;u.ANi), a tur.tory o, th. United Prcvinces, anciently P»".°' '^^■ Gorce, and O.erlWckte. * VonnNis'V/., a itovsrnment of Kui r,a, the capital of which, of the Unie tiame, i» featedvn the rivet V.ronet/,ocloss^^ )un6\iot» wltli -^he Don, zi? milsa ^- ^) '- olMo'.'ccw, UPS '-: Vosr.ES, a department of Francei inchidinj that part of Lorraiu, which wal 1 ueiy a province of the lame name. It is fo called from a larfje chain of mountains, covered with wood, that feparate this de. partinent from the departncms ol V ppet Saonc and Upper Rhine; that is, truin Fraiiche Coratil- and A.lacc. . VoiiLLf, a village of France, m the depa-'oent of Viennc and hue pro. vince (if Poitou. Here Clovis i,auieM'. a province ot bweoen, in tne aiviGon of Swe.ien Proper, it Is a lort of pei.lnfuia. bounded on the \. .^ b> Wtllmania a-.id Crcltricia, on the N. t-- bv the Baltic, and on the S. by the lea of Srleimania. It is about 70 mtles in Un.'th and 4>i« br"^'''. >\^':^>' '^".i^"" 1,,,,:, and fertile in corn and lias mines of iron and lead. Stockholm is the c.pi- ' ^v UrMiNSTEU, a village of Elr^•^.-, In called from its lofty fnuation. Ur. pcvhara, author nf Aftro-TheoL.gv and layh- co-Theelogy, was reilor of this place; and hero is a ipring, which he mentions n the latter work, as a proof that Iprmgv have their origin from the fea, and not f,;.m rains and vaixiurs; for this Ipnnj;, in the grcateft drouL'hts, was little, it at all, u.uimlhed, after an ookrvatton of above 20 years, although the pmus a,l over the country, .md an adjoin.ig orook, had been dry for many momns. I — - Iter IS 15 miles E. by N. ot Loni iquare. A few of tile houfcs r.rc ,,uiUofbt'ckandtu.ccceJ;m.tt!.e.t;enc- raiitv are conftruaed ot trm-.VE, lm,H.t,.ed into'the ihaps of planks, an^' 'S-' si-v..'K.^v***^.^**,-S^»- TTR A U R G cf SwcJcn. ana the r.wal rerulcncc. The appeared amo«g «»^^'"^' ^"'^^ ' J'^S, ^^ *^ «,ncnr p.Ucc was . n.a^, inctni uuUding, tage of tins crcumflanct «"^ "^^ ' '[^^ u.u,i ii/cat pan of it was cnHV.,T,cd by .R'ous projudc s, foufcd hem one. moa fin;, in J70i'. Ti>c cathcdiul, wi.'.c'i is a hrgc Got' ic ftruaurc of biick, has bc»-n iLvcral limts greatly rth for aca- dimical ti'uc.ition. Its library contains luany vah.i:.ule books and manulcripts, TIte Royal Society here is hkewil'e the nldeft iileraiy acdemy in the Nortli. Hire is a i)oi')ii\c;\l garden, of which the c''.:v.h all rcnicm'-rance of this rebellion, the^river Y;iik was called Ursl; the Yaik Coffacs were denoinirated Uraltan Cnl- Ucs\ and ilie town of Yialk, Urallk The Uraliin CiFac: enjoy the ri _ --., , .'M ''* filiiing on the coal't of the Cafpian Se?, for 47 miles on each fide of the river Tral. Their principal liiliery »s for iinr- geons and being i, whoff rot Aipplic; large quantities of caviare ; and the f;i;i, which are chieflv faked and dri.d, alf 'id a tonfiderable article of conftuni-tion !_n the lliiflian empire. I'l conlequt-ice of :hci« lilherici-, thefe Coflacs arc very rich. •» Ukalsk, a town of the Fnffii;- enipiri., in ttic j)rovi:n:e of Otenbur;:::, ■ • ■ Ur.ti, 37ni.i!"M. N liie year 17 74- See tl'.e prectdi' Terra Finna, Ivini; on a ;:ulf ,hc f.in-.e nsme, in the govtrnmcnt of Carthagcn;i, to the E. of tae province of P aien. ■■■ Uka;.. a river of the KuH';:?.^ im- pirc, in Afia, whicli lilts in Mount Cii- cafiis, and vvatciing Uralik, in the province of Ort;-ibiiri', falls into the Cafpian St,:, by t'.iree mouths, below Guritf. See the next :.rti('.e. > VJuA!.i\N C^icATs, a r "Olc th-^t ir;l;:;\iil ih.c Rull'-ii) province of Ortiibu;/, 'II Af.a, r.n the S. ude . f tiic river Uial. Tluk acs dercended f oni tiiofe or me i; n : they »re a v.:ry va.iant r.^ce. They proicfs the C.oek rtlijiion; nt there is a- kind of u .i-- ■.ttrs -om -r.e cltubiHbcd rehKi-J". " '• -n t.it Ruiiruis clltd R>^iku:,i:u, or Stparaiiftb, and who fiyle themfvlvi, A'orc 6Yr/vn pi iefts and ce- rpmonies. The Ur.Mwn Cofl;ics are ;dl tnuuilihlis for ;he ancient ritual, and pri^e fhfir beard,? ainioi -.-qual i'> 'heir lives. A ,»uer ■"<4 Cff^AC recruits to Je pulihciy ihavfd in 'th«-, built for Tycht. Brahc, a c.ticbrat- fd ,.;ironoiiicr, wlio called it Uranitn- htirgi'., or tl'.c caftle '■■i tiie Il'-wjns, and who here ini-..ie hts obler\t.:ions. It is no.. ;n ruiiia. L i-i. iz. s'^- E. I'f- SS- ' i; tl'ANF-., J town of Italy, in tl;c luchv of Urbmo, with a bilh^ji's fee. It ■ ■, ^s btiilt by pope Uruan VMF. on the i.ver M.'irt-, 12 miles S.of U.bmo. Lon. 12. 40. E. lai. .13- 34-^- . ^ U UMNO. 1 town of Italy, in the 'crri- torsf of the pipe, and caoiral of the duchy of Ur'v.no, whh an dd ci'adel, an arcn- o'lliop's lee, and a handloir.e prdace, where the dukes formeriv rcllded. The houles are well utiilt, ant( i.,-cat quantities of hnc era-then ware are made here. It is ieated <„-. a mountain, hetv ecn thv rivers Metro ard Fojiiia, 18 milts S. of Rimini, 5S K. ot Fiorenc, '.i.d 110 N. K. of Rome. Lon. It. 40- ^''- '»'• 43- 4>'- ^'- , UiUiiNO, a duchy of lta!v, m the tf^r- ritory of the church, bnonued on tlu' t^. by tile gu:f of Venice, on the S. bv Pc- riluino und Umbrla, on the E. bv tlie mirrciuif.ite of Aiicnia, ard on the W. bv Tiueanv and Rrinintna. It IS aoour c r miles in icn?.ih, and ^5 in bnai.th. Here i-. great plcntv of game and n!h} but th? air Is riot vcrv wliolaiome. nor its the Itil fertile. U rhino i" the capnal. UMGANiZi'or JuRC.vM-r. a town (f Alia, in the country ui thu Twfi^'nw'i'' : , '^^j^^j^S^t^kS^. ■ U R G fcmong them, and taking advsn- lis circumftance, and of tiicir re- |pjudices, roufcd them oncu more rtbollion. This being at ka fiippreffed by the defeat am! I of the iitipiftnr, in order to ex- Ml rcnicm'.Tance of this rthclhon, I Yiik wcs calltrd Ural ; the Yiik Ivcre denorniratcd Urahan Col- |d the town of Yiitik, Urallk, li:iii Cnifacs enjoy the rioht rf j)n the coalt of the Calpian St?, lilies on each fide of the river Their principsil hiliery is for ftur- Ind _ beius 1, wh' re rot fiipplit-; lantitits of caviare ; and she H:li, tc cliiLflv faltcd and du.u, alfoid a liiile article of conl'iimviion in the empire. I-i rrnltquc^ice of the:-- , ti!trc Collars are verv rich. lAi.sK, 3 town (jf the Iv'tnT; in ttie provi:H:e of O'enbiir- • n the nvcr Utv.i, 37; n.ilc, n/n' AltfHcan. Tiil uie year 1774, it i Yaitlr.. See (i;e pre'ctdlr ■• i-.N'niRrH, fornv-.!v a ni-ioii|. iiMic of Dcninaik, in thu iiult f 1-Tuen. in th- uv.Mc of the S"U'v! buih fV,i Tyclir, Uralic, a ■.-ticljrat- "noiiici, who fi,;ied it Uranien- orr-'/.c rartic (,f tiic H-vv.'ns, np,\ Icre !!);,.!f h:s obfer\t.:ions. Jt is luiiij. L VI. ,2, j-i. £, i,f_ ^^^ ::A\Fr. , a town of Itily, in ti;e of Urbiiir.., uitli a bilii..p''s fcL-. /t ;nlc hv pop;, Uroan Vllf. on tin; .^T.-tn., iiiiiilv;'., S. uf U.baio. Loii. E. h'.i. .13. 34. N. UNO. 1 town of Italy, in the -crri- ihe pipe, and c:i!iira! of the dixh/ 1:110, with an odd ci'adel, an arch- s Cec, and a handcine prdace, wjiero cts formerly lefided. The hv.u!ts II ouilt, and i.'cat quantities r.f lint I ware arc niiuL- litre. It is liatid lotintain, bew ten th; rivers Metro irlia, 18 milts S. of R-mini, 5J1 K. enc\. u,d 120 N. K. of Rinnc. 2. 40. ii. lat. 43. 415. N. iNO, a duchy of Itaiv, in the trr. if the church, bnnnucd on ihr ?:. Ku;f f,f Venice, on tite S. bv Pc- Mnd Unibrii, on the E. bv th.e i itu of Aiicnna, aru on the Wi bv y and Rrm iirna. Jt is abotir i;'r Icnrih, and ^t^ in br;:u.th. Here pitntv of ^arne and nlh ) but the i)t verv wholiilomt. nor is the TtJi Urhtno i-; the rapilal. ANi/.nr Jl»c,-\m-7. a town (f > the country of the Turkcniain, 7 ■ ■ • '•• ■•' '74or — " USE 440 tniks E. of the Cafpian Sei, and 70 S. of tl'.c Iske And. It was tc.rmerly a verv confideraMe pI'Cc, havintf been four milts in circnmfcii iicc. Rut it is now in riiinj, and no other puWic butidinps re- main but a molque. Lon. 60. 25. E. lat, 40. c;. N. Uiu; 1:1,, an anrient town of Spain, in Catalonia, eripital of a cuuntv of the lame name, with a bifliop's lee. It is itaf.d on t\\e river baiMa, in a jilain fertile in corn, and m tiic niddie of very liigli iv.ounialns, planted with vineyards, 60 miles W. of Pcrpit^nan, and 75 N. by W. of Barce- liina. f.on. i. 44. E. In. 41. 32. N. L'r.!, the moll lomhern canton of Swif- ftrlmd, and the fourth in rank. It is bounded on the N. by the canton of 8ch".ci',', and the lake of the four cantons ; en the E. by the etAintry of the (jfifons, and th.: ranton of Glaru; ; on the S. by the bailiwicks of Italy ; and on the W. by thi- -arton i Underwaldtn a.nd part of 15cr' It is aho;.: jo milev in Itnfth, and 12 in brca(i;ii. For '"urther panii i.Mrs of thii ca"ton, iec Sr t; '.vEir.' * UrI, LaKK of oee AVaI. D- STJ^TT!■. r Sek. '' UsuEC Taktary, a vaft cniinrry of \V'..:itrn Tana;\ , bor,M.:id nn the N. by the c i!!,.rv of il^c Kair:iuj^, on t:it; E, by Thibet. ■ n the S. by HindnoOau, ar.d on the \V . bv Perfia and the Ciipiiui Sea. Thc!e Tirru':, r''.e XiA ir neigli""!irs, are lit preltn; i'.vidcd into ftv-ial tnhts, g"- veriied b'- their refpc.'Uvc kh-as or princes. When under c)ne fov-reign, they were tiie moft p'-.vverfa! :i! all tii'.' Tartarian naiions. Tne prlticip;;! khnns t>ride theniLives in bein;-; defecnJed front 'T^amerlane. \vho(e birthplace was fh.c -'.n- r'cnr city of Sam.irc.nd, 13 miles S. W. t>{ Bokhara, the prehi.t capit.J of the coun- trv. 1110 Ulbecs, in tiicir perions. are f.iid to have better complexions anJ more cngau;ing features than the Kahnucs. Tiitir rilis^jon is Mahometanirm ; and they dittcr, in ct'ierai, very little from t:ie people of th.e nnrthetn provinces of Hind<,oiian. This country i'- llipphed 1 ence with ths moft ftrvictable holes, camels, at-H other cattle. UsEDoM, an iUand rjf Germany, in Pi>merani-a, I'eaitd at the ntouth of the nver Oder, on the Baltic, between which and U'.e ill ind of W.ii:;ii, i.s a palVaL-c c.^led the Sa in. It is fubjtrt to the kint; of rntllia, and had f.riTicrly a c nfiderable to-.va of the lame nan:c, \vhicli was ;.l- moft reduced to allies in 147 j. Lon. 14. 11. E. 'at. s4. 6. N. "■ Usiil'.ftll-, an ancient and well-built tcwu' of France, ia the department of *^ i«>tftM«. --3»fc.*»av^«'- U T R Correze and late prorincc of Limofin. It is featcd nn -x lUep cra;';v rock, at the foot of which tliivvs tiie river Vezete, ■17 milts S. E, of Eiiioi/fs, and 217 S. of Pans. Lon. i. 37. ii. lat. 4;. 27. N. UsiiANT, an ifland of France, on the co:iA of BiiitHny, and oppofue to Con()uct. It is eij.'1'.t milts in circum- ference, and containii fiver.il hamlets, and a callle. Lon. 5. o. W. lat. 4>?. 30. N. Us!{, a town of Monir.outhlbire, with a market on Mondiv, feated on the river Ulk. It is a larj'e place, witli well-buiir Hone houfcs, i: mtlfs S. W. by S. of L"T dnn. Lon. 2. c,r,. W. lat. s'- 4t. N. UsK, a river of S. Walts, which riles on the W. Ilde of 'BitcknocklTii'-e, waters the xawn of Brecon, and entering Mon- mouth*hi:'e, divides that county into two unequal portions; pallint; by Aberga- venny, UiT:, and Caeileon, and entering the Briitol Channel, be; nv Ncnport. U bi;L, a town of France, in the de- partment of Correze and late province of Liiiinfin, five miles N. E. of the callle of Ventadour. Lon. 2. 1 ;. F,. lat. 4-. 32. N. UsrAMO, a town of Italy, in the Cre- monelL', I'eited on t';e river Oglio, it miles N. E. of Cremona. Lon. 10. 8.E. l.it. a.!. 17. N. ■ U.sTJi G, a town of Ruffia, in the gr.vtrunien! of Volc^jda, and capital of the province of Veliki- Ulliuv,. It is feattd on the river Sukiiona, 464 miles N. E. of i\T"("cov.-. U ; oxKTf.R, a large town of Satford- fliirc, with a innrker on Wednefday. It is fcated on 3 rit'in^' ground, near the river Dove, am nir excellent palluris for feed- ing arid breeding cattlu. Its market is ths greatell in tjds part of England, for corn, cattle, hogs, (hecp. biirter, and chcele. It is 15 miles N. E. i,f StafTord, and 136 N. N. W. of London. Lon, 1. 50. W. lat. 53. 10, N. Utueciit, a hcindlbnie, pleafant, and celebrateil city of the United Provinces, capital of a pn.vince of the fame name, with a larnius univtrlity. It is large, well fortified, of a Ujiiare form, and about three rr:lles in cirruiiifertnce, without its four fuburbs. which are conlidsrable. The ftecple o( the cathedral is very hi<>h, and the handfoinelV in the United Pro- vinces. Thcte i:-. a great number of thurclics and holpiiais. All the avenues I., this city are verv handfome, and the environs arc full of '.gardens, walks, and groves, which, added to the purity of the ail, render Utrecht one of the moft as^rce- ablc places for rtlitlenrc in thel'e parts, and accordin; ly a trriat manv people of diftinflion retort hilicr. Here the union of \V A A of xhi 3'::v't^ V'\\ud Pio^inrcr was be- *.rt \r i-f); ami here the ccli.bvatoil r,';'ii wa: conclude a in '7>3i which tpr- ,v"in-Hcd -tht >vLrs of queen Anne. U- .rech. r fcat'.-d on ih; aiiocnt ch;tnrel Gr"t lliUingdon, but is governed V>v two baihfTs, t^o conftables, and four hcadboroughs. The Coin runs through it in two" ftreams, and over the main ftream is a ftone bridge. A treaty was carried on here between Charles I. and ihe parliament, in 164+ ; but it was broken off. The houfe in which the ple- nipotentiaries met, at the lower end of tl.e towp, is ftill called the '1 reaty Home. Kear this town ar.» the remains of an an- cient camp. IJ. abridge is , ; miles W. by N. of London. Lon. o. 23. W. lat. 51. ^ 'u7.tnA, a town of Spain, in New CtUte 0:^1112! ot a duchy of the lame rmne.'with ^ caftlc, xu miles N. \V ot Alcab. Lon. 3. ivW.!=>t.4o,4f;-N. UzEi, a town ot Franc( , in the ue. p«r:ment of the Ntjrth Co„ft aiuHatc pro- vince of Brctagnc. It carries on a very Pfcod trade, and is jt miles S. W. of St. ^rievn. Lon.i. ...W.Ut.^S. .6.N. lIzKS, a town of France, m the de- pattme-bt of Gard and h.U: ,,rov,Mre of ianc-uedcr, fcated in =1 country atiounding •m corn, oil, filk. eattle, and good wmc, ,- miles N. of Nifoies. ^o W. of Avig- non, and zo S. \V.^ of Oranj;e. Lon. 4. i7. IC. ial. 44- »• ^''• w. -:.:.:'.. W A I United Provinces, one of the branchi-j 0* tiij Rhine. It runs from K. to W. tiirouph Gueldcrland, paffcs by Ninitgin.n, Tiel, Bomniel, and Gorfuin ; and joining the Maeie, pailcs by l^ort and Rotterdam, uf.d full;, into the Ocean below Briel. W ACHTENDONCK, a town of the Netherlands, in Guelderlaad, fcated in ,1 moral'i', which, with the river Nitrs, is all its ffrengrh. 1' is five miles from Gueldrcs. Lon. 6. 7- F- lat. <;i. 23. N. W\nnAHs, a lavage people of Aiia, in 'he iiland of Ceylon. They live by themfelves, and nciher till the land nor feed cattle, bur depend entirely upon their bows and arrows for fubfiftcnce, except going in qucft of honey, which the ymeet with m the hollow trees. Tncy have neither village nor houfe, and dwell near the river.:, ur.dcr large trees. They go entirely naked, cxct.pt a piece of cloth, which thcv wrap round their waift. The moll civili/ed of them have a fort of temples, erefled to fonie particular god. They preferve the flefli of the game they "kill, by putting it into hollow trees, with honey, and covering the hole through which they put it, with clay. * \VAD.sTE.srA, ai'malltownof S-vcdeii, in the province of E. Gothland. It is feated on ihe S. fid'.: of the lake Wetter, and is remarkable for its eafile, ;i (ingular flrufture, covered with i'lnail domes ; built by Guftaviis Vaf.i, in i 544> and in- habited by his fon Magnuv, who was in- fanc. VVai s, a territory in the E. pirt of AuUri:ni Flanders, extendi:!? from Ghent to Yfend;;k, along the river Scheld. There are fine meadows anil ^'""l P?-'- turc:, V j'h plcnt" ■^f corn and flax, bc- fide horfes that ;.>- in high e\\e.u\t. St, Nicholas and Ri.. .-,;:r-, .r..jo are the princi- pal pl.^ces. WacJININTES, .11 WACFHIIi-IM, a town of the United Provinces, in Guel- dciland, ftated on the liver Lech, 13 miles N. W. of Nimeguen. Lon. 5. 31. E. lat. ;i.o. N. Wagkiua, or WAHERLANn, a ter- ritorv of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony and duchy ' F Molftein, boondtd on thJ N. E. bv the Biliic ; on the S. by the river Tra- e, and o-i the W, by Hi:l- (U'in Proper and Sto;r.-.ria. It is abous zc miles in i-. n,jlh, in breadth, and WA ,'\0. a ri^'cf ol Hungary, whUli rif..-; hi the Csrpa-hian mountains, palTes V.v Leopold.. 1-, pod falls into the Panubt; opi oUtt tin; lihird of Schut. W.'.Ai.. .r Wm'.m., ;^ ^J^er of the is very firtiie principal town in Corn. L'.ibec u the Waioats, iTraiis bctvvien Novii Zcm- b!;\ and Ruiua, ihroirvh v,hi..li tht Dnu-h atiemjUed 'o find a N. E. f.adagi. to Cni- 11a, and la: led j,s fa.- as 75 dcg. of E. Ion. in lat. 7: iy Is'. ;• •■ .-. W A I .'iiiccs, one of the branchi^j n' It runs from K. to W. ti'.rMigli 1, paffcs by NiniegiKn. Ticl, id Gorciim ; hdcI joining the cs by l^'Tt anJ Rottcn!ani,und ; Ocean below Bricl. EfJDoNCK, a town of the s, in Gm-ldcr'aid, fcated in a icli, with thi rivtr Mitrs, is ni'tli, 1' is five miles from Lon. 6. 7- E, lat. <;i. ij. N. kHs, a lavage people of Afia, nd of Ceylon. They live by and nci.h'.-r till the land nor but depend entirely upon their arrows for fubiiftence, except left of honey, which the ymeet he hollow trees. T'ncy have lage nor houfe, and dwell near ur.dcr Iirge trees. They go (ked, except a piece of cloth, ':y wrap round their waift. civili/ed of them have a fort IS, erefVed to fonie particubr ey pvcfervc the flefh of the • kill, by putting it into hollow h honey, and covering the hole ■hich they put it, with ci.iy. •STE.VA, ai'malUown of S-veden, rovince of E. Gothland. It is ihe S. fid'i of t'le lake Wetter, larkablc for its cafilc, a finguUr coveted with fimW domes ; Juftaviis Vafa, in i544> and in- y his fon Magnuv, who was in- , a territory in the E. pirt of Flanders, extcndm.^ from Ghent l;;k, along (he river Scheld. e (ine meadows nnil 2"inl p?.l- •h plcnt" --f corn and thix, be- :s lliat ;-.r'. in hii^h efteent. St. and R\;..e:;i>>n(io are the princi- [NINTEN, .11 Wacfnukim, a ihc United Provinces, in Guel- ftated on the liver Lech, 10 W. of Nimej^ucn. Lon. 5. 31. ..O.N. KiiiA, or W.\r,ERLANr>, a ter- Civruiany, in the circle of [,owcr iiiid duchy cf Holftcin, hoiuidtd I. E. by the B iltic ; on the S. by - Tra- e, and o-i the \V, by !loU nptr and Stoir..ina. It is about in 1-. n.-lh, and i 5 in breadth, and fertile in cuni. Lubec u the I town. ^ATS, ilraiis between Nova Zcm- Ruina, throii;.>;ii v.liicli the Dnteh :d 'o ilnd a N. K. yM-^J,~ to Chi- failcd as fa; fti 75 dcg, of E. Ion, ; 1 ;. Iv. '1-' •■■' <" ^ W /V L W A I. 1^1 --n of Lm:clnf.irc. pn^cip^;^^^^:!^ ^^^::J^ flronir caO'lc, feated on tiie river Siein- bach,%.StiiilesS.W.ofCaftc!. Lm., . > 4. 1'.ht. V '2- N. _ WaldAck. u prmcipa-tv of Gei- ,„.ny, m tfie circle of VVei'.oh.. la, bound- ed on ihe E. and S. bv the landjitavaic =>-^"'''''^'''^'''.'';('Xler'"'Thc,<: a mounta.nom c.mntry, covered vvirli with .m.:vV.ev ..I. S-.tuiJay. It .s icutei ,3oN.by E. of London. Lon. o. 20. b. '=^^Wr;K;n:-P,atownintlirVV.nd- • „f Vnrk'liivi-. w • 1 1 iv.arketon I'ri- '"«^Sy"t,":c;ent,Urae.andh:.ndlome tbil Phu-e. It trades in white cloth? ^nd to of fortune and opt,!e^.r..rto ] r is . S miles S. W. of York, and 1.4 >■• JJ. W.of London, Lon. 1. t^- W. lar. ^'wAi^CHiA.aprovm«afTmJ.cyin Europe, boundea on the N. by MoldaMa Europe, boiuided on the in. ^^ -'^ , j j^ and Tranlyivania on the K. .ml S.^by ^.e an ^ ^ ^^^ un is "I '"<; '•' '■- "'" , • „ , c ,v WAinKN', tomn.only called »'V*'" ri'oN-WAi.DF.s-, a town in ElTcx, with a market on Sinird?y. It b (eated «i an afcent, .mon^ plealant f.elds ot faffroifc which i. here cultivated. It ,s governed by a mayor, 11 aldermen, and a recorder, and has a fine I ,ree G.thic -ninrch It ts - miles N. W. by N. d C.Klm.f..id, »T t r^ . 1: T .,M,1 .M .Lull. E. of L-md^n. ana iraniyiYa...*. — ■•- ^^, .J, - :_ jo. F,. lat. ^i. 4- N. river Danube, andont.ie \\ • j^} i > w^,,,.K1RK, a fuv.,.! v.-.vn of Geima^ vania. It is 21s m''<^^ '» 'f ^'' V, PurH nv, in Auftiian UrilKaw, and m an illar.d i„ breadth ; ""'I -as ceded to ti e ml ny .^ ^^^^ ^.^.^^ ^^^^ n lies f.„tn by ^''i--- treaty of Belgrade -n. 0- 'p,^,,,,,..,/ Lon. 8. 3. E. ! t 4^. 9- N. abounds in good horfes and " ><,, .a ^^ ,^.,,^,t, ., ftrong" '«" ''^ Ger- n-cre are mines of fcvcral kinds. 1 be . . .., < n-cre are mines 01 .^.v.-. ■-•- ,,iis (0 fertile, that it IS capable of pro Ui'cing any thing; and there are goo alVi.cs with wine, oil, and all manner ot Eropean fruits. The inhabitants are chiefly of the Greek church. \V Aic HEREN, an illand of tlie Umtea Provinces, he principal of Zeala,K..k^s f. :au from the iflands of N. ai»l ^• ^c^vcltnd, by a narrow channel ; and fr.m Datcli Flanders by .he mouth ^^^ ';/ f Scheld; being bounded on the lu fu " by the German Ocean. It is ab.at ni e 2i!e in length, and eight in b.ead 1, H 1 Ivin" very low is fubjea to inunda- ■".""'>.". ■'__... I-.,, ;,f,, I =>v ins (rood .od lymg very c^ .. Ki^- - :^'-j ,,,„,,,,, „! tions, but ,s pretty /' >"f"'u."i7;;,^,ti ,f Schwei 7, anc arabk and pafture lands, i be capuai tlr.s ifland. and cf the whole provmcr, is Middl.biirg. „ . , . , o ;-,. Wai.cot. a yilla-e in Line ,. flurt, on .he borders of the fens, -«bm one of Folkingoam. It has ? cu.l be^te (prmg, h rii-criy muc.i freq^eiucu ^ ^^ en- nnous mafs of barren " " "' ^.^^.'-^■'^'" - :.'. c .-.„uJ rock. : Mount P;h.e, one u m uy, in the circle of Sn^^bia, and one of the four foreft -towns, fubjeft to the noufe of Auftria. it It leatcd oppcfue tb. place .vhere the riv..rArr falls into the Rhine. at the entrance of the Black t'-rei^ 17 miles \V. of Scb.-.ffUaulen, and eight N. E. of L-.uifl'Lnburs. f.on. S. iz. E. lat. _ -H N. -' WAiiv/iAiTTER See, or Lake or THE FovR Cantons, one of the fined lakes in S.v^C;: la-d witll reipeft both to the jn-e.nnei and fublimuy, as well as to the'vHriety et '.i;e Iccncty it ex- hibit.. It cnfifts rf three principal id the Iskes of Lucero, Schwei 7, and Uri. ':."be ^ upper brancU, ,,r lake of Lucern, is m the form of a ciofs ; th.e fides of which ft retch from Knffnatehr to DuUenwal, a fmall vih:y'.' „.,r Stan.z. L i^ b-undcd toward the. town bv cui.ivated hih, Ih ,'mu gradurdiy to the water, cnrraftcd on the dppohtc ,• 1 , .„.,.^ru6S9, btitwercol.h:;ed:oretieatw.t,» f^rtatlpCs. ItisfeatedontbenvcrHeuie. \t niihs b. of Charleroy, ind zl S. W. ot Kamur. Lon. -v S"^- E- 'a^; ^;- '"'7 ■„ WaldecK, a town of Ucrr.wnv, m Uie circle of \i^<^^^^'^, a"v.l ^'-p'.f-^' ^^ » lule by an en' nii.,ua l■l^'.■' -' "- , • -- - c-atr"V rock' ; Mount P;h.e, one .vi the bi'M-d mo.'nnin- in Swiffciiand, nl:nc' boiaTv fion. ilK- .-ke. Toward the E. ..t this I'.ranch. the 1 -he con.i.ias inio i. nar- row creek, fcarcelv a mik- aerols. beon after, it aga n wioens, and we enter .he fccond br.in:b, or hU of Sehweit,-. ; on t'lc W fii'e, the canton o Underwaiacp,- ,;„ ti,e E. that of Sch.vei.7. Here the mountains '"c m^rc Wlty, and ml.nKciv vaiicd i Varied ; ff.nu covired !0 the vary fain- Bwt» w'^H the nidft lively vcriluit;, otr.cts ptrper,iV,:u: f at- ' tr«g^';' \ Jitia iormiiig i-nphuiua'.rcs cf .vo.Ai i ihtre J'-i^i."n? jnra the water ia bokl {Moincntorics. NcAf BruiTii-.:. wc enter tlu- ihira Jianch, 01 like of Uri, which t,.k.;s a S. E. di- re ^^wn ; the t'cer-cry, th.: mod lublimc i,r. "insblf. It is a aecp;inil narrow lake, iiSout nine miles long, bjrdtre.1 on both f''ts hv rocks iu-iComrr,or,ly wild a'v.l lo- ro"innc', and, for the nuV>t pair, ptrpfii- diciUAr, Nvitii h rt-fts of h«cli and pini: growin.K cbwn thtir iidcs lo iht very t"ot- of the \v:irL-r. . . ,. , lu f Walfs, a pnncipaiiiy in the VV. ot the iflinci of Great Kntoin, rompreh'-ud- »ne 11 coumiw ; namely, Anglelcy.Cir- narvonlhire DccblghiKi-.t, Fliiuflure, Menor.eth&irc, ami M..i,igomervilinc, in N Wales ; Prcckr.'ickihire, Cariligan- Ihitc, Carrnanh(.n;i;irr. «!,iniorf:ai)_lhire, I'fir.biukcniive, flinl Radiiiuihir.;-, in S. Vv'.iks. Tlus couiiUY IS, for the mol put, niuumainou-!. '-Hit its prclace tufti- cicnt for the nwwtenai'xe of .tie inhabi- tants It '.-• 'hi- cruiury t.j ivhich the an- cient Brttnns f.eci, v.-hen ihi* ifli, rv.a ; the f.wthein bv the Biifir.l C;»nntli the ncnhcrn by t-p. l.iih Sea; and -.he tatiern by the cnmuL. of Chefter, Salop, llcrefnu!. diul Momnouih. It contains -i^i piriiiies, and -,S miivket-toxviis. Tb^ air is ritar pud (harp, the cattle fin.iU, aii I proyilions in reneral pW. aiul cl^eap. Wahs is par- ti.-nlarlv reir *ik..b'e tor !'•'«'». ^^hif ".''»- tiirallv'deh^ht in hii;y coumnes : tor ^uf•l, tluv ufe wtv..H, ccai. sr.d tuit. •' is %va- ter;,a by irany n%M», the pi.,-..iua_ of which are noted i.i •■he dif^-ent toimries. « Walks. Ktv r ^.m, a country o<- N. America 10 Ncv Britain, W- im^ W. of Hud-.on's Kay, and luojedt to Great Britain. . '■■ Walks, Nf.w Soi' rn, a country ot K. America, in New Britain, lyiiv^ S. W. of Hudiens T:yv, and lul r^ to Great Brit.Vm. Sec Bk;.^t>-. ^^v/.- Hun- son's Bay, ann L\\\> W A L A d'Cir;!! v'/;n foinied, in confeqitence r.f \m feeommenUatioii, i.o (t'tlr a culonv ot convicts at Bjtai.y Bay, in i^'- J»- *'- Ion. and u- o. S. Int. Capta'n Anhur Phillip beilu-- appointed z-^'^rmr of the iniended fetdemtiit, as well ^r, ..or-imodorc on the voyage, laded frrn, l\rtfmoath. cm the isth ot M.iy f/S-', on b)ard the S^rif.s frigate, accompanied by in.: Supplv aimed tender, three ilorelhip- , and li:; tranfports, which h-.d on b,.a;-u a detsca- inent of narines, .'.nd IT^ eo-ividi., >.. wtiich tzo were women. He arnvea at Botany B^av on the i8th of jiuiu.uy iTS'i ; but findlnV. tl'.is bay very ineligible, in inanv reipects, for a colony, on fanner ..xplnririL' the coaft, he lixed upon Port lackibn, abou- three leagues and a half N. of Cipe B.^nks ; and here a fetiletnent was begun, to v.hicn he cave the name of Sydney Cove, tot the fablequent prareedings ot the; co- lony, we luuft refer to .^ovirnor I luUip i Vovage to Botany Biy. and tD the publications of captain Tench ^n^ "p. Tain ilimter on the faaie lubjert. With iLfnert to the country, a vaft cham ot loft'v mountains runs nearly m a. N. and S. dircdion farther than the eve can reach, about livty miles inland. I'he general f ice of the coMntry is pleafing, diverfifud with i^cnilc rilinKH and finall wiuding val- lies, covere.l, for the iviort part, with lan;e f.neadint! trees, aff'.rdins ^ i"<"-<^'^'; r,n'. of leaves in all feafons. A variety of ilovvxring (hrubs, ahnoil all entirely new to an kutopean, and of cxqiiiUte fra- grance, abound in thole places wnich are free from trees ; and, among thefe, a tall Ihrub, bearins; an ele.^ant flower, which initils like Englifh may, is pccb';arly dc. lightful, and perfumes the air t-. a great dillancc. The tree,, acc.uhng to cap- tain Tench I'.nd oth'Tt, are ot !o bad a srain, tl.at they can fcarcely be uied tor a„y 'v.irpole. ' This, however, has been ai/ribe.l, in goverm.r Phillip's voyage, to their '';oini; nled in an ur.leaioned Itate. Tlicv yield va(l qiiantiiits ot red gum, V hith W3S found a cure for the dyfentery. It ,. of an acrid ipulitv, and therefore reiiiires to bo given along wi ■b opiate Walts, >.i Suv- : H, the eahcrii coaft of New II.-'.L.iid, cstcndir;; fr.n:i 43- 4.) t"iOi37.S. iat.bemuth, roith.-nand fontherq evtremities of ^bat vaft 'Hand. Thi'i coart w>.s hrlt c..,:iorco by captain Cook, in iTVo i but his ftav was too fliort toex-.mloe tlx --ture of tb<: -ountry with the aceunrv .. bich he othetw.fe n-oulu hdvc d'., , hud he wnt.nitcd long.r m i:. ... jaKvj-&.-^:^j-^.i._,jafc*!T3^^^ ti Tiie tree which yields it is of a very cori- r.d.^rabld fwe, and grows to a great hejght bfore it pit's out aiiy bran:hes. 1 he Eum itielf is ufual!.- eompiAted i', J.ni^jos it,„-o>i!si but differs from it m being foliible in water.whichtlie A:'.'^'"'^'"-''^«"''-s is n6t. 1' tnay be extracted from the wood bv taopintj, or taken out of the veins when cirv." Tne leavis arc narrow, and net i-nliki tht.fo of ? will.w ; the^ wood fine-cia.i.cd aud heivy, but w^rpmg »o ,\.^ f9 W A L rtii r(Mni4.:(i; irj confequence of endatiun, to (c'tli' a colony of Bjrar.y Day, in 151. jj,. K. 1. o. i>-_int. C^pta'ii Anluir ".g appuintL'1.1 g.A'crnor of tlit Ittlcmtut, ns well ,15 tonniodurr yagt, riukd fr.~m I'crtfmoutli, li u! ^I.^y lyS'j on board ibc fv, accompanied by lin:: Supplv der, three ilo,ri;l}:ip', and )i;i which had on b..aru a d'jtatn- riarir.es, and 77'J coiividls, uf were '.vonnn. Ht arrived at on the i8ih of Jiusu.iry 170-1 ; k( tl'.is bay very ineligible, tii ecis, for a colony, un farther the coaft, he tixed upoti fon, a'lnu- three leagues iind . of Cipe Bulks ; and here :nt WAS begur:, to which ht n.inie o( Sydney Cove. For ]uent proceecings of the co- u\\'.\ refer to ^oviriKir PIiillip'4 to Botuiiy Biy, and tD the s of tapt.iin Tench and cap- er nn the f.i.iie (ubjc^l. With o the country, a vaft chain of mains runs nearly in a N. and on farihcr than the f ve can reach, ty ntilfs inland. I'he jfeneral le co'jntry is pleafing, divcrfificd Ic rilings and finall'xvii.ding val- .red, fur the iijoil parr, with cadint; trees, nffrdinq a fuccef- aves in all IcaCons. A variety of ; flnuls, slini'il all entirely new Cutopcan, am! of c.xijuiute fra- ibo'ind in thot'c places wiiich are 1 trees , and, among thefe, a t.dl .■aiing an elegant itower, which >c Englifh may, is pecu'iarly dc- aud perfumes the air t.. a great The treu., aLC(/iding to cap- ith :-iul oth'Tf, art of fo bad a it they can fcarccly be lUcd for )o(e. Tliis, however, has been in governor Phillip's voyage, to ni; uled in an vinftafoncd llatc. :id vail qiiantiiie-. •>t red gum, is found a cure tur the dvlentery. an acrid i]inlitv, and th.erefore to !)0 given along wirli opiate;., which yields it is of a very con- fi/e, and grows to a great height pists out any bran.-hes. 'The f is ul'u.-illv comprircd to /itvj^n/s but di-fers from it in being water, whichthc f.ui^tiis uraconu V may be cxtrai'tecl from the lappinjj, or taken out of the veins ■■. Toe !cav<:s arc narrow, and s th( lb of !t wilLiw ; the wood icJ and heivy, but warping ro W A L . (urJi a degree, wlicn not properly fcRfon- fd, as foon to become cnurtly uleleis. I'htrc is liktwife a ycllnw j;uni, whieh has the laiui; rnfcdicin.»l ijjalitiws, but in an inferior dttj.ee. It is properly a raJiii, iieiii^ entiiely iiifolulile in water. Jt j;re:it!y rifembles g.imbed>{c, but has not t'.ie prop'.rt) of ILiinni;;. It is [iroduced by .» Ijvv linall pl.int with long jiiaiVy leaves ; but he friiditication Ikoms out, in a fiir- n:iiing manner, from the centre of the leaves, on a fingle (Iraight ileifl, to the iie'gln of ti or 14 feet. This lUin is fir-mg and light, and is ufed liy the na- tive', fvir making th^ir Ipeats. The reun li ccncially dug u;> from the fod under the tiee, not colle.;ted from it, and may perhaps be the lame which Talman caUs ^_um iiiC of I'lt gX'junJ. It has been tried i)V Dr. Blane, pl.yficlan to St. Tlionias' Hofpital, who tound it very efficacious in tiic cum of old ilu.ves. iMany of the plants of this ouiiitr/ have been imported into Britain; and arj now fl.iurilhiiig in pcrfciMion, not ordy in the royal iiotanical j'ari'e 1 at Ke'v, l^.t in m.-iny private c ol- Icftio.is, VV'i::i rcl'pci'it to th:; clini.ite of this country, it appears not to be ilil- a'^re.able : the heat has never been excef- five in lunuTier, lor is the cold intlark ; but the filth with which their ftin is covered, prevents irs true colour from appearins^. At f-me of their interviews i\'ifh the coloniils, feveral droll inftances happened of their niirtaking the negroes smoi . the colonilt.s fjr their own' countrymen". Notwithliandin;4 their difregard for Eu- ropean linery, tiiey are fond of adirn- ing, or rather dclcrining their bodies with fears i fo that fume of them make the moll liideous figure that can i^c imagined. The fears thcmielvcs h.avj an uncorani'm appearance. SiHiittimts the liefii is railed (everal inches from the f!t'n,i:id appears a.* if filled with wind : and all thefe (eem to be reckoned marks of Imour among them. Some t.f thsm perforate the cartilage of the nofe, and thru ft a large bone through it, an hideous kind of ornament, hiimoroufly called by the failors their fprtt f.nl yard. Their h.iir is generally lo much clotted with the red gum already mentivmed, that they rcfcmltlc a mop. They paint them- felves with various ^(.lours like moft other favages : they will alio fometimes orni- meiit themfclvts with beads and flicli-.. but make no tile of the beautiful feathcis procured from the birds of the country, iVIoft of the men want one of the fore- . tceiti in the upper ja.v, which alto appears t» iif W A 1* to he a bii(!c^c of honour among ihcm i; very ciin>;Tinn iiiiong tlic wnnicn to cut oil" the two |i)wtr joints of the littic tinjjcr j which, confi'Icrsni; tiic climiruitl's ot the anipuiatin^ iii'lruni'.nts they potf«(s, mud ftrung to bt drawn nfhire by the lint, the he a very jwlnt'iii opLtiVim, The Ntw c.ii'oe is pid'iled to the ihorc W A L ti Tea in them. They ccncrally carry fire alon;^ uirl\ thetn in thtl'e canofj, to (Irtf". ihfir (ilh, when caiifjht. \M\en ftlhin.'; ot the with the hook, if ilic filli .Tppears »•> Uollaniler'i appear extreimly dtlicient in the ul'tful arts. Of the cultivation of the ground they have no notion ; nor can tliey l)C prevaiiei;lcd- A cnnvi,':t unhappily experienced this by tatinj; them in an unprepared (late ; in cnnrei|i,f.iicc of \vhith he died in z.). hours. Their didike to the European provifions his already been mentioned : if bread h' j.',ii'en to then?, tliey chew and fpit it cut a;',ain» fcldom ctioofing to fwal!ow it. They like ^alt beef hiuI pork rattier better ; but tiiey could never be brout:!-" to tafte ff)irits a ferond time. Their huf; arc formed in the moft rude and barban u; manner that Ci!n r-r imaji'met'. They con- fift only of pieces of bark l.iid togctlier in the form or an oven, open at one end and vcrv low, tlioui,li lonf^ enou^;,!! fat a man to lie at full length, i here is. rcafon however, to believe, th.it thcv depend Icli on them for fhcltcr than on the rav'ern': with wliich the rocks abound. Tlicy go invariablv nal- ed, as has been already ob- ferved ; though wc muft nor imairine that the culbnii of jroing naked inures them fo to the climate a* to make them inlenfi- ble to the injuries of the v.'eather. The col'initti li;id rcpc.ited opportunities of ob- ferving this, by feeing them (hivering with cold in the winter lime, or huddlin.; together in heaps in their hvus or in ca- verns, till a fire cotdd be kindled to warm them. It is probable, limvever, notwith- ftandin{; their extreme b,irbarirBi, that fume knowledge of the arts will foon bii introduced among them, as fome have been leen attentively confulennj; the uitn- liis and convenituces of the European , with a view, feenunfdy, of makmg limilir improvements of their own. ]t has alfo been oblervcd, that in fome things tliey pofTefs a very great power of imitation. Thcv can in itatc iho fongs and language of the Kurnpcp.ns rdmort inftantancouflyi much bet'er t'.:an tbt latter can imitate thdr, by lon^ praciicc. Their talent for imi' iti'-n is diice.aible alfo in their I'culp- tures, reprciemint ""en and other animals, every where met with on tie rocks ; which, but, in winter, any thing was acceptable. A yonne whale being driven on (horc, was quickly cut in places, and earned off". Thev brijiled it only long enough to I'corch the outfide •, and in this raw (late thev eat all their fi(h. They broil alfo the fern root, and another, the fpecics of which is unknown. They bake their provifions, moreover, by the help of hot flone', like the inhubiiants of the illands ir. the Southern Ocean. Among the fruits ufed by them is a kind of wild iig ; and they e.it alfo the kernels of a fruit refembling the pineapple. The principal part of thei.- rubfnlencc, however, is filh ; and when th^fe .'-.appcncd to be fcarcc, they v'crc wont to watch the firft opportunity wiien the coi ir. ',' hauled the feinc, and often fci/ed the w , olc, thnuuh a part had formerly bt-n olfercd or given them. T!-.ev fometimes firikc the fidi from the cinoe'S \\ith their fpcars, fometimc; catch tliem with hot ks, and alio n'.akc ufe of nets, wliich are generally made cf the fiores of the flax plants, with very litttc pri-paration, and are llrong and heavy ; the lines of which they are compofed being twifted like whipcord. Some of them, however, appear to be made of the fur of an animal, and others of cotton. The mcflies of their nets are made of very large loops artificially infcrted into each other, but witbrut any knots. Their hooks are made of the infide of a (hell v^ry mixh rcfenihling inorhcr-of-pcarl. Their ca- Ijoes are ni^thing more than large pieces of bark tied iip at t'oth ends with vines ; and cmltd'-ting the llight texture of thefc vcf- I'nls, Wc cannot but admire the de.yterity though rude, arc very i> rprifing tor peo- •■I'.trb thev are ma rd, and tb.e v> lave not to- k ,ded. c eV' n o: £ buldncfi with wUicU they vcututx' out to cunltruiting hubitatiuns in the lead do- £t>;e -cars that wars arc carried on among them. They have more than once been ften affembled, a« if bent on fome expe- dition. An officer, one dav, met 14 of them marcliing along in a regular Indian file through the wood<, each man having a fpcar in one hand, and a ftone in the other. A chief ajipearcd at their head, will) was diftinguifhcd from the reft by being painted. They palled on peaceably, though (greatly fupenor to our people. On anotuer occafion, they offered no huf- tihtics when liiTcniblcd to the number of ioo or 300, and meeting t!ie governor at- tended only by a fmall party. With all their Courage, i.owever, they are much nfraid of a midker, and ahnolt equally 10 of a red coat, which they know to he the martial drels of the Europeans. The miC- chicf which they hive hitherto done has lieen cxercil'ed only on Ibiiie Ihiall Urap;- gling convidfs, itioli of whom, probably, have been the aggrcflbrs. Though thefe lavages allow their beards to grow to a confulerable length, it does not appear that they conluler thcui as any ornament, but rather the contnrv. Some young gen- tlemen lulongiii;^ to the Sirius, one day met an old man in the v.'oods with a beard of confiderable l<-ngth. This his new ac- quaintance let him know they would rid h\m of, llroking their chins, and thus in- timating the fmiiothiicls of them. At length, the old man tonfented ; and one of the youngfters taking a penknife from Lis porket, and making the bell lubftitute -\ :P.' W .K h ~ fer !,.ihor he t .uld, pcrformeJ ;he cpc- raii. n with fiich Cucctfi iliat r'.x <.um fecmcd hi[;h!y dilighli>l. In ,» few days he p:;ddled a'onglidc o| thj Sir!.;., point- ing to h,s bcird ; lui! he c(*uld nirf by iiuy mean-' be prtvailcii upon to enter tiic linp. On run a barber was fcnt down t) liii:i, wl:n again freed him from liis beiid, u wh'ch he exprelTcd the iiimoft r.tril.tait.oD, It has, however, been fiiind iiiipoirible to fnrfii any kind of permantiit iiii4.iciiaifi: with the natives, though many attempts have becii made for tliac purpole ; but, m one of his 'cftei's governor Phillip utvl.itts, th-'.t he had not the Icaft apprehcnium of their doing any dam.nge to tJie colo- iiy. At tirll, ttic colonilis imagined the fpears of the New Hollanders tu be very trivial weapons ; but it now ajipcars tuat th:y are c.ip.ible of iailifting veiy gvic- vous and mortil wounds. They art fometimcs pointed with n iliarp piece of the fame reed of which the fluffs are made, but more frequenily with the fliarp bone of the ftinjj-ray. Thcv ccrt;unly burn their dead ; which, perhaps, ha« given rile to the Ikory of their being can- nibals. Governor Phillip obferviiig the ground to be railed in fevtral pKcts, caulcd one of thefe famuli to be opened, in which svere f..und a jiwhone half con- fumed, and fome alhes. Frimthc ivi.U)- ner in which the allies arc depofited, if ap. pe;:rsthat the liodv has been laid at len^iii, r;uie(i from the ground a little (pace, anj confumed in that polturc, being after- v.'ard lightly covered with mould. Thefc favajjes feem very little given to thieving, in c'jnparifon with the inhabitants of moll of the iflands in the Southern Ocean ; and they are very honeft among them- Itlvcs, leaving tl;cir fpears, ;.nJ other im- plcinems, open on the beach, in ptrfett fccurity of their remnining untouched. They are very ex-pert at throwing theic javelin,-,, and will hit n mark with great certainty at a confiderable diftance. Tn produce fire, thoy U\l.c two pieces of dry f;'ft wood ; one a Hick about nine inches long, the other list. The liick they fliapc into an obtule j'oint at one end ; and pref- fing it ii;»n the other, turn it aiiout nimbly by holding it between both their hands, as we do a thocolate-mil! ; often fliifting their hands up, and then ino\ ing thnu down upnn it, to increafe tlic prellurc j^ niiicii as poffiljlc. By this method, they get lire iu leis than two minutes, and Irom tlic Imallefl lp?.rk they Increafe u with great fpecd and dcxteri-v. Thefe people are more numerous than was jx am iiT.flgined ; though ft.ii tJie number £ W A L ef inhabit.inti imift he accotintrd few in conipjriCun to t\\K extent nt the c -iHitrf ; *nd ili'-rc II >jre;tt rcat'oii tu lulievt that the interior piiri:. are uninli.ibiii d. The jurifditlioii of tht governor of N'-w S. Walt* txtend^ fro",! 4], 4q. to 10. j7. S. lat. From the Iciv t .\\\ ii cxttiuU wtlUv.nd «s f:ir ai> longitude 1)5" K. and tliencc proccLdiiij; in an cufttrly diriNinn, in- cludes all the lfl,iiuln in the Pacitic Ocean V iiiiin ihc ahovc-riK'ntiintd |jritudc». See Botany Ba^ ; Holla NU.NhWi Port Jackson, md SvtiNK\ Covk. Wai KK\ i{ K 1 1), 3 rnvn of (jcnn:inv, in the nrilf; f)f Upper Sa;;onv and tcrri- V'xy of 'rhiiriii^Li. Jt is dated on hn rivtr S'irifc, in (he counrv of Hrenftein, JO mil'-s S. "AV, of Hjlbtrftadt. Lon. ti. 5. E. ht. ,?i. -,3. N. VVai.leul.rd, a town of SwiITcrlind, in the ciman of B^fi'S with a callle, l".iik en a high rod'., fcatcd at the fof)t of Mount Jura. Jt is is n.iin N. E. of Sulcurc. Lon. 7. j;. E. lat. 47. 1;. N. " Wa llenstadt, atown of S.vilTcr- Innd, in the canton of AnpcnitI ; iiicur- piirAtcJ into the bailiwick, of Ssrgdis, but enjoying mtny riiftinrt privilcecs. It de- rives its cxilknce (>- -i the p,ili",iire of the irierchaiuHrc tranfpTted from Gciinany, through the co'intry of the Grifons, to Italy. Thr. commiinicuioii otcifions the frequent refort of It.ilian HKTchants ; and tlut language is iin(lcrtlo.^d by iiLitiyof ^he inhabitants. This town us Icuti-dat the E. end of a Like of the fame n.i'iic, 1 ^ iniles N. W, of Coiic. Lon. g, 14. E. ;.;:. 47. I. N. * Wamen.stadt, a lake of S\\\(- fcrland, about i: nvlcs in lenj^th. and two in breadth. It is hounded by hi..',ii iii'mn- t:iiiis, except to the E. and \\' . Its iccr.cry is uncommonly wild and pifturtlvjuc. On the fide of the cantoo of Glarus, ilie mountains which form its bovdtrs arc chiefly cultivated; enriclud wiih wri'xl or fine nic-adows; .ind ftuddedwith churches, cottages, and fni.ill villages ; the Aloi of Glarus rifing behind, tin ir tops covered with fnow. On the other fide, for ihe moftpart, the rocks are giotefque, craggy, inaccelFible, and perpendicular: but here and there a few cultivated necks of land are formed at the very edf^e cf the lake, and at the bottom of thel'e very rocks ; exhibiting a btauiiful conrraft to the bar- rennefs abrvc nnd around them. Num- berleis wattrf.iils, occdfioncd by the inelt- ini; of the fnows, fall down the fides of the mountaiii? from a very confiderable height, and with an jlmoft inconceivable vinety. Tliis lake is exceedingly dcaff deep, und cold. Sec Limmat. W A L \VAf,!.iNr,voHt», II borough iu Ticrk- fliii'-, Willi two market,., on I'hurldiy and Saturd .v. It is feated on rht. Tluiues, over whiili is a h.indfunic i'tone hriilj/c and is a place of ^ti.it antiquity, ha''- in^ been lurroundcd by a wall a mile and a half in circuuV4i ,, Ir hat a freclcliool, and u liandfomc m ir- kft-hoiile, ill winch the niagilir.uti kicp the fcllioii .. It is 14 miles N. VV. ot Keudinj;, and 4(( \V. of London. Lon. i. I. VV.Ut. 51. 30. N. ' W'ali.kill, a river of North Ame- rica. See Dtiowf.'Eti Las' us. Walloons, a name formerlv given to the inhabitantH ' t a conlider.iiilc part of the French and Aulhian Netherlands, w Ariuii, Hn-nr,ut>, NaiiiUr, I.iucinburg, and a pin '!■ )■ landers and Brabant. ■* W \LNKY, an ifl iiid on the coaft of Lunwafhirc. It is lung and narrow, und ferveias ,1 bulwark to the hundred of Fiir- iiels, ajj.jinft the wavis of t'le Irilh S*a. Wali'i), a town of bclavoni.i, capitnl of a county of the iamc name, with a f(;r- lilicd caftle, fcitcd 011 the river Walpo, JO milts W. of Kffeck, and 1 10 S. of Uu- da. Lon. iq. 2Z. E. lat. 41;. 3 5. N. Walsall, a corporate to vn of Staf- fordlliire, with twomarki rs,onTuefriay and Friday. It is feated on the tide of a liill, and has pretty p,;)od houfes, and fcvend manufaftories in iron, fiKh as nails, hridle- lii's, ftirrups, fiiirs, and o'hcr things of t!:TL kind. It lias been alfo enatlv noted i.;i- Ic.'lows. It is 15 miles S. of Stafford, ai'.d 116 N. W. of London, Lon. i. 56. W. lat. 51.46. N. Wa LMi am, Nor hi, a handfome town in Norfolk, with a market on Tuefday. It is 10 miles E, of Norwich, and ii\ N. N. E. I'f London. Lsn, 1. 31. E, lat. ^2. 40. N. Walmngmam, a town iti Norfolk, with a market on Krid.ay. It is Itated near I he fe.i, and is bill a fmall place to wiiat it \\ as formerly, it having been much frequented by pilf;rims, v/ho came to pay their di voti ais at a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, where there is a Ipring c-illed the Virpin Mary's or the H ily- Wcll ; and upon a fione, at the edge of it, is a crofs, where the peo|'.c uCed to kneel, and to thro-v in a piece of gold, while thev wilhed for any thing they wanted. Here are alfo the ruins of an al.bev, and priory, both demohihed in tile reij',n of Henry VIII. Ir is ;|; miles N. \V'. ot iNorwicti, and 11& N. >I. K. 0: Londou, Lo». 0. 53. ^. lat. 51. <;6. N. Wal- rrt^>>im»ga)miisiSmiS!ag»i^si»ae&i ^eas^- !mmfssta^>arikm0» W A L [lovoHn, « boroufjli iu Berk- two nurktr, on rhurl'dty V. It 13 Iciiedon the Tlwiuc, IS a hnndfunic ton* l»riil(/c , ace of );re.it anuqiiity, hav- urrounclcd by a wall d mil* and circuii'tercncc. It had allii a Ir, now dcrrioiilhe'l. It had iiur panlli timrclir, two of re dtmulilhcd iii tlic civil ah., Jrccfciiool, and a handromc m ir- 1. iu «liici> die niagilir.itts kicp 11-.. It ij 14 iiiilct N. VV. (jf land 46 W. of London. Lon, i. 51. 36. N, Li.K ILL, a river of North Aiiu- |c DnowNEi) Lanus, .i>onn, a name fiiimi.riv (»ivon to liitaiitH ' i a condder.iiilc pnrt of ch and j\iilhi,iti Netl.trlands, as Hainnul':, N.m.ur, Liixcinburf^, I "f I'laiidtrs and Biaij.iiit. LNKY, an iflind on tlic coaft r,f c. 1 1 ir. Imhjj and narrow, and 1 bulwark to the hnnditd of Fiir- iift the wavis of t'le (rifh S>a. , a town (if tn.''.HVunKi, capital ty of the Himc name, with a f<;i - k, ffitcd on tlic river Walpo, W. of KlTtck, and 1 10 S. of Uu- n. i(). 22, E. lat. 45. 35. N. SALI., a corporate to vn of Staf- , with twomaikf re,onTiiefriay p.nd I It is Icatcd on the tide of a hill, i pretty piod houfts, and fevcrul dlories in iron, fuch as nails, liriiHc- rrtips, I'lairs, and o-licr things of id. It Ills been alfo frrcatly noted .Hvs. It is 15 miles S. of Staffi^nl, S N. VV. of London, Lon. 1. r6. 51.46. N. -siiAM, Nor I'll, a handfome town oik, with a iiiaiktt on Tiiefday, o miles E. of Norwich, and 123 E. of Ljndun. Lju. 1. 31. E. 40. N. .MNGHAM, a town in Norfolk, miikei on Friday. It is ftated ; fca, and is bin a fm^ll place to was formerly, it having been much ted by pilf>;rinas, who came to pay .v.)!i.,iis at a chapel dedicated to gin Mary, where there is a lj)ring rhc Virgin Mary's or the II )ly- and upon a flone, at the edjje of crofs, where tho peo^'lc uCed to and to thro'v in a piece of gold, htv wilhed for any thing they Hire are alfo t!ie ruins of an and priiiry, h.ith demohlhed in ;n or Iknry VIII. Ir is 2 ;; mile* of Norwich, and 116 N. 1^. K. lou, Lqh. 0. 53. ii. lar. 5*. <.(>. N. Wal. WAT. W'AtTiiAM Aurrv, r.r \V,\i.tham !Iv>i.v C»'.-., a t<,\Mi of Klkx, with a niarket on 1 utiday. It rcciivrd 111 (V - ( nd appellation troiii a h'l\ i lofs, laid to lijvc bem miraculaillv tonxivid hire (mm fnie dilhint Ipot ; anil it ohi.4iiietl i;« tirll I'Hiiic ft.>m a MM^nit'Ccnt alibtv, tiiun'kd here, in honour ot this crohi, uy the un- I'lrtiinatc king ILiroM. Soini; fra'.;iiitntH • ('tins ablitv hib ri'inain. ilirold, and 1 I'- two brorhirs, after the battle of Haft • iiips, Aire interred at the K. end n( the iin: iint chiirtii, at .be d'ftanec of 40 yards from tUt prtrcni f>rii.'h 1 e. A plain 1< )ne i» laid to hive btr ' l.iid over hiin. with tIli^ iiiCtripiioti, " llaroldtis, Infelixj" and ;. ftoiie CdtTm, laid to have lieen iiis, wns • 'iictncrtd 111 the rtlk^n ^\ c|iiitu fclifa- :'iih : the bones, upon the 'oui.li, mouitkr- cd iiiio du!:. Wiihiii ilie pri.eiiK'ts nt ti;is ...ibey is Hill a tiiiip irec, l,iid to be one (,f the larj;t 11 in Iin;j;land At W.iltliHiii Abbey arc I'line >;unpowfli.T mills in the h.iiidfc of j',overiiiii' 'it, and foif.e manu- f-i(,i()i its of printed linens and pins. It is Itated on the river Lea, whicn here forms ftvcral illa.nb, 12 miles N. by li. of Lon- ili;n. Loll. o. ?. I'"., lat. 51. 42. N. Walt 11 AM, or Ills II Of s VV ai.tiiam, .1 fn.all town of iliiiipiliiie, wiiii a nnr- kci on Frid.iy. It nitaincd this l.iit name from a pnLice of the bilhopsc f Wiiichefler mice htuated h'.;re ; and hi re are the ve- nerable ruins of an abbtv, cilled by the country people, the Billiop's Abbtv. " The llatute 9 Genree 1. commonly r 11- ed tl.c VV'alilia'ii Black Ac}, w.ts occalion- iil," fays lir U illiam lilickilone, " by ihc 'kvailations committed near VViikliam, in Hamplhire, bv ptrlbns in dili^uid;, or with tiieir faces i)iaiked, who (cern to have re knibkd the Koberdltncn, or followers ■ . Robin Hood, that, in the reign of Ilicli- rird 1. committed grciit otitr^ge^i on the borders of England and Scotland."— A. 'ut this period, It iLems, a parrv of the inhabitants of V\'altliai)i llad retitcd to a reclufe dell in the New l-'crclt, whence they ilfued in the night, commit- tinj; great depredations, and Kiiiini; deer, llitep, &c. for their fubt'iftencf. As they were dilgiiifed, moreover, as abovemen- tioned, t.'iey were called " the Waliham Blacks." The place of their retreat was a recefs, accc (Ilble only by a fubterr^nean pa.iTagc. Tliey drelVcd like forefters. and tlie cro'sbow was their wcaprvn. Tney were difpcrftd, at laft, bv the aftivicy of the neighbouring gentlemen. Waltham is cijjht miles S. of Winchcftcr, and 65 W. by S. of London. Lon. 1. 10. W. iat. 50. S7- N. • W'AL'iHAM CrO!>6, OT WEST WAN Waitiiam. a VI. I me of ITinrDr-lliirc, wbiih t.iki* it. liitt ;icp. lUii.in *r:'m 4 nol)lc ci )l. en.'U I herr l>v Kd'v ir.t I. in li tioiir 111 hi« iiutin Kliinor; and ii In* its I'econd »»ioiie from it. fiiuaiion W. of VV-dthain .-\bl)tv. If i» Itaud up tiii' ri. vcr Le,(, it inik'i N. by }•.. nf L'r.d ii. VVAI.rHAM nv THF WlUl.li. 1 town in LctcilUrlhiie, with ^ marker on Thiirfd.iv. (t ii i prttty pnod t wn. but the market i» almoft difulij. If U 19 miles N. K. ot Lcialler, and ti^ N. bv VV.of London. Lon. c. a*). VV. la'. 52. ;i. N. ' VVAt TiiAMs row, n conriderabk vil. Iai;c of hir'.-y, adorntd with hindfoinc villas. It is Ceated near the river Lea, livt miles N. li. by N. of I, mdon. V'.'ai.i iMii'fcn, a town (>f Orr- in.mv, )n the circle of Sii.'hia, and diahy ot VVirttmbiirg, (tattd on the right bank ol the river Aich. W'At.roN, a villai^e in Surry, feati.d on thj Thaincs, on r which it has a handfome bii(i);e. IKie are the remains of roi an- cient cam(), luppofcd to have been Roitian. It 13 cipht miks VV. hy S. of Kini;lliin. ' VVa r.woK III, a village ..f Surry, in the parilh of Ncwint;ton, between that villairc and Caioherwcll. VVanjiiswok Ml, a lars^e villaj^e of Surry, fcated on the river VVandlc, near its conMuencc with the Thames. .At the dole of the lill century, nianv Frenih refugees Cittled here, and eftahlili.ed a French church, which is now uCed ?s a meeting oy the Mcthodil.s. The art of dyin;.j clot'ii has been pLittifed at tins pl:tre for irore than a century ; and there arc kill two ditrs here, one of them for fcarkr. There are alio ieveral manufac- t' rits; naipely,for boitin ' i loth, the print- ir-H of calicoes and kerlevnieres, and the wliitcnint; .nd prelUng of itutt's. Hnre are likevvile i.il, iron, and whitclcad mills, vinef;ar work':, and dirt ilkries. Here is a Qjjr'.Kers' nieetini^-tioulf, rebuilt in 17S7, ami two khools for children of that par- lualion, at one of which that excellent ci- tizen, lenator, and magiflra'e, fir John Barnard, received his education. The tower of the churth is piicienr, but the church itfclf is a nvdirn jkti<5fnrc. In Garret Lane, in thi^ paniii, was formtrly a mock ek-dtion, after every f^etieral elec- tion of poiiatneiit, of a mayor of Garrer, to whirl: Mr. Footc's dramnric piece o*' that name pave no fmaU celebrin VVandfwo>th is five miles S. VV. bv W. of London. VVange.v, a fmall iiniier'al town of Germany, in the circle ot Suabia. 'I'be inhauiuiici are papilts, and carry on a i A gicat TTXIT W A U prtit trsde in pajicr ami hirdwart. It h river Dvmel, jo iniirs S. I',, of P It .ttcti oil ihc river Ovit 4i|j, 17 miii'it N. burn. I<'iii. q, i<). h. lut, ^ i. );, N of Pl(fu. K. of I.indi.i, nno )o K. of Cunlunci. Lon. Q. t,i,. '•. l.it. 47. ?">• N. VVAM.tN, it to\Mi .'f Fiaiite, in thi; dt.'p..rtmtM rit' Lii > cr k .i>ii .ind i.i'v pri>- vime of Alfacc, Icittd wii tuc lulc of 1 inouiKHin, and ruii'"unHi.il bv a whII three feet tliick. It u iiglu luiltf N. W, of StrulLiuri'. Lun. 7. 41. K. Idt. 4'>. 38. N. ' VVam or KHfAD, a village in tlic N. part ut Uuinfrieslhiie, fuujud r\r\T the liad Millies. It li.it a cnniideraLlc nuiiilicr ui' rmelting li iil'ii. * Wansikap, a vi:l.i.'enf Effcx, on the rtiirt* uf Kp()iii(4 Firclt, (Uliiiir.U'ihtd VVakidi', a \ Uct 111 Wcihiiorlin!, on I he nvrr Kdtn, .ind nrnr the Rin.n M.i Jen-way, S. K, ot Ajiplcby. Ah., .t 100 y^rdi h, E. of ti.e villii;e w.u a hr^c c.itUe, wliicl) covered near an acre .f jjround, with w ilh ij feet thick, t!io ttunii of wiiic'.i were uled for buiMiii^ the flvcple of the churt.h. Waude, a tuvv.i of Denniirk, ml Jutland, 15 milcj from Kipen, I't.ited .it j the mouth of a rivrr of the laiiie name. Waruhuvs, a f' iport of O.inilh I.i'. land, fe.ircd i>n a IdmII ifl i;>d ni the 1 riu name, near the c..iirintnr. it hn^ an I'M | f'irt where the j^nvcinor rclidcs, and for the iiiaLnilicciit ti.ai of fir James Tyl- ftrcct conlillmi; of po.jr cou.ii;cs. Ir ney Lunj;, Baronet, ( all' il \V.iiiftead Uoufe. The ehureh was n. built in 1790, and is a b<: '.•.iii*"ul ftiurture of l'i,rtland ftone. Wanllead is lix miUs N. K. of Lond 'n. W'ANTAtii:, a town of Ikrklhire, wi'h a market on Si;urd.iv. I: r> fciited on a branch of tlie river Oik, and was furmeily Boud for the cheapncTs ol biirtli'.rs' iiu-at in iis market. J t is 12 miles S. by VV. of Oxf rd, and 60 W. >jf Loudon. Lon. 1. i6. F'". la'. 1,1. 3;. N. W'ak A DIN, a lar;;c and flrong town of turc H 1 20 miles S. K. otiiii M utii Cape, L" 31. 1:. K. lat. 70. 13. N W < KK, a town 'if Hcrtfordniirc, witli a conll.lerihle ma kct im Tuefday, fr corn. It i-i I'eattd on the river l.t.i, li, which 5000 quarters of rniit iiiul c rn arc lrc(|Ui.iitly lent in a week to L 1 ;ti r, h'f l>.irt;t:«, which return wiih c al. I'l 140S, this toivn was dcllrovid i>y a jj.rc.it inundaiiin; and fliuci- an 1 wears Ufiii;; made in the river, tf^ preierve it from tu- Upper Hun(::iiy, capral ..f a ciunty of the fa;iic nanu-, wirh a tlron;; citadLJ, and a biih'jp'b fit. It was taken by the T'u'ks lu i6('o, bit thf I npiiialilts re- toiw; it in 1691. It is fcattd 0^1 the riv.r Scbes Ktriij, . 7 m Its N. of Jiila, and lio M. of Belgrade. Lon. 21. 5. li. lit. 4;. 5.N. WARADtV, a ftronj"; town of Scla- , yonia, capital of a ctiiinty of the lami' name; leiti'd on (he river Dr.ivt, 30 miles S. W. of Kaiiifca, a.id 34 N. E. of Zagiad. Lon. 16. ij. E. lat. 46. 4C>. N. WAi. of it ii (fill evident Irom the oM ram- It was a very large place, a.ul had fevcul parts, whi.:h are n.!vizin,,lv cxttnftve. A churches, now reduced to three. It illo piudern fortros is r.n ruftid within it, had a wail and a calfle ; hut has futtlrid snd is in the p CTe.Ti n of toe ni^ani tif fo much by the various turn-; of fornin.. the Deetan. It i' ( t miles N. E. by tlut it is now only the (hadow of whit N, I f ilydrabad. Lon. 79. 30. E. lac. iK. 6. N. Warbkrc;, a town of Swcdt-n, in the provin'c ot Hallaiui, 30 mi i:s S. of eot'epburi;, "'ith a caltie and a liaruour. m. 1 1. 4.6. E. lat. 57. 12. N, V/ahI! oKt;. a t.nvn of Germany, in was, and its harbour is ch'iktd up. It i JO miles E. of D.ircheftcr, and 114 W, by S. of London. Lon. ». 16. VV. lat. 5c. 43. N. Warka, a handfome town of Pihnd, in the palatinate of C/.erft, feated <''. the river Pilla. Lon. »i, 15. E. lat. 51. tlic circle of W'j'lphalii and bifliopric cf 35. N. JPaderburn. It 1.. modeia.cly \Mf!f,hav- Wark woiiTH,a viUagc in Northum- jnc two fuburbs, and was formerly impe- bcrland, live miles S. E. of Alnwick, rial an4 lunlcatic. U is feateJ on the I'eated on the nvcv Cocket, with a caf»'<-, .ws*.. •■WJSSESSSK. itiSEsr W A U vmfl, JO mili-» S. v.. of Pidti. L'ln. (). 19. fc. lu'- S'- 11- N ti'iii', a \'-'\*f,i: in Wciimmlml, ■ i river VAtn, .ind nc«r the Ruin .\\n), S. K. ot Aiiplcby. Ah.i.t uli J). E. of ti.e vilU^t w.i» n l>i->c wliicll coveted iic»r an acit > 1, with Will'* 15 t'^'^t ihick, ti.r of wliit'.i were uleJ f')r IjuiIJh,' cple of tiic churih. , uDK, a tiAv.i of Dcnimrk, m d, 15 milt!, from Kipcn, liutd ^t jiuh of a rivrr of the ume natnt. kRUHUVs, afi iport of D.inilh l.i;- fe.ired ^11 a rin.ill lO r.ul ot the lyM near ilic c..i)tintnr. It_ has an i.M ivlicrc the povc.nor icfidcs, uml confiUini; of poor coii.iucs. Ir 1 liles S. E. oh III N.ith Cipe. bn :. K. Ut. 70. li- N Mil-;, ainvvn r,f lUrtforfflnrr, with »ri.LTiblc nu.ket on Tutlli.iy, f'r It is ftitcd on the river 1,-n. I',- h 5000 quarters of in ilt aivi c 111 rcciiiciitiy ii;iu io a week to L > .J v, .!\rt;t:», which return wiih c al. l<\ I, this town was delbovc.f I'y a n.rc.ir (laiim; and ftiucr- mi wejrs utu;; c in the river, to prc'erve it from tu- ri.Min, Caindcn fu|i;iolcs thit it :c dcrivc'l its iiainc. It i;.*! mtk^ of Lonilon. Lon. o. 3. K. la'. ?i. N, \'ARi;r.iunGH, or WAf.i' Bitinos ,wii in Cornwall, wliofe mart ■ > is dil- d. It IS dated on the rivtr Camel, avl noted f.ir its bridcc ovi.r that rivtr, ich ii tlie liandfomcil and (Inng-tt m • county, iKing lunported by about :-, hcs. It 1'. 20 iniks W. of Launctl- I, ar.d 142. W. by S. of London. Lau. 4. VV lat. t,o. 3s. N. W > ut HAM, a borough of Dorfctlhirc, iih a market on Saturday. It 's ''"'^J tween the rivers Fromc and Oiddk, here they fail into Lochford Lake, and htre there is •. iv^d harbnir for Hup.. was a very hrge place, aid hid ftvciM lurches, now reduced to three. It alto id a wail and a calHe ; but has futtertJ I much by the various tiirn<; of fortum, lit it is now only the ihadow of what ;•• ras and its harbour U ch.>!ua up. It !• o miles E. of Dorcheftcr. and ii.V W. ,y S. of Lotidon. Lon. ». 16. W. lat. tc. !. N. Warka, a handfome town of Poland, n the palatinate of C/.erfk, feated on he river PiUa. Lon. 21. 15- ^- '"• 5'- jc. N. WAPKwoRTH.a viUa(?e in Northtim- berland, live miles S. E. of Alnwick,] leated on the river Cocket, wttb a cafti;-. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ■- IIIIIM " 1^ 1112:0 1^ 2.2 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 •• 6" ► WM % %. # 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation ,-\ S v 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 % v €^ L1>' \\ O^ ■wj^^SiwMigaat®^*^**''^**^? him. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical MIcroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques O^ Rsw-'^-i'-''p'^~«»r3?s3SssEes;^,T-jrT5:r?' in It lie wi at boi CO I It 97 lat in of WI of ho \v th in L dt fr L tc V ]\ b ti i< a WAR in which is a chapel cut out of a rock. It is celebrated by the ancient poem ct tlic Hermit of VVarkw(.rth. ,„ , ^ • Warminster, a town in Wilt!l>ire, with a market on Saturday. It >\lf^<^^ at the fprini; head ot the river WMy- borne, was formerly a place ot good ac- count, and is now a pretty large town It is « miles N. VV. ot Salilbury. and 97 W. by S. of London. Lon. z. i $• « ■ liit. 51. II. N. , ^ Waune,munde, a town ot (jcrmany, in the circle of Lower Six.mv, and duchy of Mecklenburg. It is a fortihcd bul- wark, featcd on the Baltic, at the inuiath of the river Warne. The Swedes had a houfe here to take toll; but, m 1710. %vhen their affairs were upon the decline, the duke of Mecklenburg put a parrifon in it. It is lb miles N. E. of Wumar. Lon. 11. 26. E. lat. ^4-4-.'^:J- „ . _, Warneton, atownoi Auftnan Han- ders ; leated on the river Lis. hve mihs from Ypres, and eight N. VV. ot LiQc. Lon. ^ 4-E- liit- 50-45- N. WauRINGTOn, a large and populous town in Lancaihiie, with a marKct on VVcdticfdav. It is ftated on the river Mericy, over which is a curious ftone bridge, leading into Chefliirc. It has a lart;e manufaaorv of fail-cloth (whithcon- tributcs n,uch to' the lupply ot the royal navy) and ai'.o <.f lacku^. Glufshoules arc hk.wilc cftablilhtd tiere; many hands ..re ciuploved in pin-in king ; and the cot- t,,n trade 'is n..w gaining ground. U .^r. nngton is 18 miles E. ot Liverpon, ,8 VV: bv S. of Manchefter, and I > ^ N. N. W. of L;ndon. Lon. 2. 45- W. bt. 53. 2\. N. ""ivARSAW, a large city of P^.land, the coital of ihat co'untrv, and of the pro- vince of M.'.lovia. It is bjilt parriy in a i)l..in. and partly on a gentle a(ctnt nbng from ilie banks of the Villula, which is about as broad as the Thames at W eft- minlUr, but very ftallow in lummcr. This cuy a;id its fuburbs occupy a vail extent ot ground, and are iupp<.lec4 to contain be- tween 60 and 70,000 mha itanrs, among whom are a great number of foreigners. The whole has a melancholy appcaranrc erhiliting the lUong contraft of weahh and poverty, luxury and dilUefs, which ptrvadts eveiv part of :his unhappy coun- fry. The fireets are fpiicious but ill paved ; the churches ai..d public biiildings are large and magnificent ; the palaces of the n>.bihty are numerous and Iplendid; but the greatcft part of the houlct, par- ticularlv in the fuburbs, are mean and ill- conftrufted wooden hovels. Wartaw is >6o mUes S. E. by 8. of Danuic, 130 WAR N. N. E. .'f Cracow, and io--^ N. E. by n' of Vienna. Lon. ii- '• E- iat. s^- 14. N. ^ , . W\RTA, a t"wn of Lower PolanJ, m the palatinate of Siradia, featcd on the nvcr Warta, u milts below S.radia, and y nules S. E. of Pofoi:nia. Lon. .8. o. K. lat. ^i. 41. N. VV vkTENMSl-rc, a town of Germany, in Sil. lia, c.MVtai ..r a lordlhip of the fame nam., nr.r tne codinc. of P-.land. It «as furnmnded by walli and ditthes, and de- fended by a caftle. In 174* « was entire y reduced to athes, except -he caftic. It is It milti N. E. of Bredaw. Lon. 17- 42. E. lat. t,t. 19- N- , .ft,, Warwick, a large borough of War- wickihiro, with a market on Saturday. It i. the capital of the cotnty, and is an ancient and neat town, fuuatcd upon a rocky cn.ircncc, above the river Avon, and crov ned w-.;h a i.nc caftle "f /he an- cient t rU of Warwick, Ihit inhabited by a nobleman, the prefent poffeffor of that title. Warwick contains two parilh churches. The houfcs art well built, and the town principally confilH of one legu- inr-imilt ftrcet, at each end of which is an ancient garc. 1: is adorned with a good freelcho<.l, and a market-houic. It has alfo a noted hofpital, cahed St. James s, for It decayed gentlemen, who have each 20 pounds a year, and the chaplain so. It is 39 miles N. E. of GloucelUr, 15 S. W. of C .vcntry, and 93 N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 1.36. VV. Ut. 52-io-N. Warwickshire, a county ot iinf^- land, b..u.ulcd at its northern ""ernity by a point of Derbylhirc, pn the N. W. by StalFordlhire, on the N. E. by Leicener- Ihire.on the W. by Worccfterfture, on the E. by Northampronfliire, on the S. W. l.v Gloucefterfiure. snd on the S. E. by O.^fordaiire. Its extent from N. to S. is 4-; miles, and 30 in bre.ku-t..wns, and • S^ P'f'ft'e'- " 'f"'!» fix members to pariiaa.enr. The air u held to be very n.iM, plcHf^nt, and heal- thy. and the more fo f-ncc the wood- lands have hern thinned and laid more npin than formerlv, bv ate cf N. Carolina: it is (wed on the rivtr Tar, - . , . * Washington, a to'vn ot N- Ame- rica, it> the ftate of GeorL;ia ami cuMy of Wilkes. A mile and a half from ^hif, town, is a medicpvat fprine, ;vl''ch r.ies from a hollow tree, the in!..o.e oi ^^luch is covered with a coat of nitre, an inch thick; and the l-^aves ar..und the Ipriiig are inctuftcd with a fubftance as wiute as fnow. As the town hin, t:;ccl!cr.: ac- commodations, and is ft.uated in a unc healthy part of the Rate, it is^ th-ii .an that it will prove a plealant and laiatHiy Dhce of relort for invalids; the Ipnni; Saving been found very beneficial in ; ,i..u- matic cafes, and is faid to be 1". m f difnrders arifing from humouvj la the ♦ WAEHtNC.TON, anty ot I^. Ai-e- rica, now building for the inetropolis .,1 the United States. It is featcd at the iunftion of tkw rivers Potomac and the EaOern Bratlh, extending aboiit four miles up e«h, including a trafl of terri- torv fcarcely to be exctedcd, in point of convenience, falubnty.and beauty, by any in the world. This territory, which is called Cohimbia, lies partly m the Hate of Vireinia, sod partly in that of Mr.ryland, and ■ <» ceded by thele two Hares to the United States of An^'ricr, and by thcra elbbhlhed to be the feat of govern in.Mt, after the year 1800. The pl->n coinb.ncs 0„t only cnnvenie.K-e, regul .rity, elegance of prolpeit, and a free circuUiio.. of .-iir, but every thing Jirand and beautdiil that can be intruduccl into a city. It IS divid- ed ititq f; tin f-.- riinnir.'; re, fri)ni tiie C'-jpiro! call • ard, ft Firft Strctt, Eaft Second . and thufc W. (if it are, in minntr, cillcd VVtft Firft ell Second S'.rcct. &;c Thofe . and W. are from thi Capi- ard named. North A Street, Strcft, iS:c. and thofe S. of it ioii-.h A Street. South B S-rect (quarts, or (iivifions of the int to 1 1 i;o. Tiie re6lan(;iilar eneraliy contain fro;ii three to *iiil -ire divided into lots of from feet in front, and their depth, t no to 300 feet, according; to the l(]uar>;. The irrtjjiilar di- (■duce.l hy tlie diagonal ftrccts ot them l"ma!l. true j;tncrally in fi;u;.ii 'ns. 'J licir acii*e points i)e lilt (if at 40 ftet, fo that no the city will Inve an Bcutc All ihe l)c uIVs muft lie of brick or It irta for the Capiiol (or houltf ^nll.itivt bodies) is fiiuattd iipim beautiful ctuinerce in the citv, iiilc from ihe Kalkrn Brancli, Tiurh more from the Potomac, inj; n full view of'tviry part of uS well as a conlidcrablc extent of try around. Ihe prelid,.nt's 1 Hand upon a rihiij; ground, ■um the hanks of the Pntomac, a (leiiglitful viRtci profpeM, with idin;^ view of the Capitol, and cr rnaterial parts of the citv. rom tijc pitddent's houle, and 10m the Capitol, run two j;reat parks or ninlls, which imtrie^t iinatt up n the banks of the and «re to be ornamented at the R variety of elegsnt buildini!':, r forti^n minifters, &Ci Inter- truu^U the city, whvre the moll mattiiuf WAT; mnterial R recti cmfs each other, is a vt- liety of open areas, formed in various re- fjulir figures, htrh in great c^ier colu'nns, tr> the meiTi'-'ry of ttnir favourite celebrated mco. Upon a fmull en'inencc, where a line due W. from the Capitol, and due S. from the prtfident's houfe, would "n- terfci't, is to be erefted an cj'ietln^.n tl.itue of (general \Va(hip.ue, and Mono*". cafy, forupwardof loo miles, through one of the moft healthy, pleafant, and fertile rei^ions in America, producing, in vaft a- bundancc, tobacco of (uperior quality, hemp, Indian corn, wheat, and other fmall grain, with fruit and vegetables peculiar to' Amer'.ca, in vaft alitindanec. The lands upon the Potomac, abovcthecitv of Wafh- injjton, all around it, and for fixty miles below, are hieh and dry, abounding with inniMTitralile tprin;;"; of excellent water, and wtll covered with largo timber of va- rious kinds. A few mile-, below the city, upon ihe banks of the Pototnac, are inex- hauliiblc mountains of excellent freeftone, of the white and red Portland kinds, of which the public edifices in the city are building. Above the city alfo, upon the banks of the river, are iinmenCe t{uaniities of excellent coal, limeftone, and marble, with blue (late of the beft quality. The Tyber, which is the principal ftream that pa'.i'cs through the city, is to be collefted in a grand rcfervoir, bcfide the Capitol, whence it will be carried in pipes to dif- ferent parts of the city ; while its furplus water will fall down in beautiful cafcadcs, through the public gardens weft of the Capitol, into a canal. The plan of this city was formed by major L'Enfant 5 and the founding of it in luih an eligible fitu- ation, upon luch a liberal and elegant plan, will by future generations be con- fidered as a high proof of the wifdjtn of the prefent prelident of the Unit- ed States, while its name will keep fredi in mind, to the end of time, the obligations they arc under to that illuf- trious charadfer. Lon. 77. 15. W. lat. 3^. 53. N. WAbSERHLPG, a town of Germiny, io the circle of Bavaria, and regency uf Munich. It is a well-built place, Cur- rounded on all tides hy mointains, and hai acadk. Jt IS if, mk* K. by S. of Mu- 3 A ] nah, I I WAT W E 1 Lon. Watlinuion, a town in Oxfor.'- fliite, with a market on Saturday. It p ._. tj. c. la.. " Somerlctimre, ^^^.^^^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^ cominucd rid^t, with a market on Saturday ; f"tcd °ii ,; jj ^^j.;, ^„„„ty ,Vo„, Buckini;hamih-,,. the Briftol Channel, at the mouth of a ,. ,. J, ,„,.."., ,., ■ich, and t« N. W. of Saltzburg ,z. fj. E. lar. 48. 4N. nretty eood h;irbour, frequented bv codl Lps. Iti» .4 miles N. W. of Bndp- vvater, and .53 W. by S. of London. Lnn, j.tvW.lat. SI. II. N. \V A TEEOO, an illand in the S. 1 acit-.c Ocean, difcovcred by cipt. Cook. It is about fix leagues in circuit, is a beautitul fpot, with a furface covered with verdure, and compofcd of hills and plains. 1 he foil, in fome parts, is light and fandy ; but, further up the country, a reddilh caft was fecn on the rifing grounds, where the iflanders build their liou(es, which are lone and fpacious. The manners of the people of this illmd, their general habits ^ life, and their method of treating Arangers, gr«;itly ixfemble tliofc that pre- vail at Otahcite, and its neighbouring iflands. There is alfo a great limilanty between their religious opinions and cere- monies. From every circumftancc, m- dtcd it may be conlidcrcd as 'ndubitable, that the inhabitants of Watccoo derive their defctnt fio.n the fame (lock, wnich has fo remarkably diffuled itlelf over tiie immcnfe tJitcnt of the Southern Ocean. Lon. .58. 15- W. !u. ii.i.S. WATERFORn, a city and leaport ot Ireland, in a county of the fame name, wi-h a bilbop's fee. It is the fecond plarc in the kingdom, and w a wealthy, wipulous citv, enjoying many ample pri- vilcfecs. The ftreets are narrow, and the air H not very healthy ; but it hav an ex UlU lUV* l»««* *.->y.. — -^ .-■ — C3 It is 14 miles S. E. of Oxford, and 46 W. of London. Lon. 1. o. W. lat. 51. 37 N- \V A Ti r.N, atown cf France, in the de- partment of the North and late province of Flanders, fcated on the river Aa, five miles from St. Omcr. Watton, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Wednefday. It is 18 miles S. W. of Norwich, and 90 N. N. E. of London. Lon. o. sj. E. lat. 51. 36. N. * Wediienschiveil, a town of Swiflferland, in the canton of Zurich, on the W. fule of the lake of Zmich. Near this town ib a remarkable waterfall. Wkert, a town of Dutch Brabant, 14 miles from Ruremondc. Lon. 5. 3S. E. lat. SI-7.N- ,- u r ■ * Wekver, a river, which rifes m the N. pait of Sliropfliire, runs acrofs Chefliire, and receiving the Dane from the E. enters the e-fiuary of the Merfey. It is navigable to Wiuif ird, fome miles above Noithwlch in Chclhire. WtiBSTAUT, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, .ind bidiopric of Spire, jo miles S. E. of Hti- delberg. Lon. 9. 13. E. lat. 49. 19. N. WticnxKRBACH, a town of Ger- many, in Wettravia, and in the county of Ifeiibutg, ftated on the river Kintz, with a cailie. where tlie count of Ifcuburi; rtlidtb. Wr.intK, a town of Germany, m the circle and palatbitc of Bavaria, feated on the river Nab, 1 5 miles above Pfreimu, Lon. cellent harbour, feated as wed tor trade as — -• "^l^y- y Leuchfttnbcrg. any in the world, and Ihips of the greateft a>^a lo^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ burden may ride at the suay. It Uaiicis y_y^^^^^ orWev Li., a freeand imperial cm .he river Sure, «*?''^<."»'"^,V°;;'- town -f Germany, in the circle of Suabia Georgc'8 Channel, 16 ^ of *-'l'^^""y' ^„j j^,;, „f vVirtcmburg. The i.iha and 75 S. by VV. ot Dubhn. Lon. 6. fV" " ' t> .-...i,„i:,. ,^ W. lat. ut. »8. N VVATtHFURn, acounty of Ireland, 46 tnl'«i«lcn?th,and :-. in brca(Uii;. bound- ed oa the S. by Sr. George s ^^ ha""^' i on the W. by'Corkioii li.e N. by the river Sures which leparaies ic tioin 1 ip- perarv and Kilkenny , and on the fc.. by VVaterford Haven, which parts it trotn Wexford. J I cwuin^ 7' parilhes, anj lank 10 oiemberi to pavlianieiu. U is a fine countrv, verv pk^iaut and ricn, •and the piinuipal place is of tli'j lame WATrORO, a town of Ilertforaihiie, -with a great e.ru market on Tuclday. It » feattd on the racr Coin, f^ven nules S, bv W.i.f 8t. AH-an's, and 14 N. \V . ftf London. Lon. o. 17. W. iat. 51. 4>. N. bitants are Koman Catholics. It is feated on tiie rivei Worm, \i. miles W. of Stut- gard, and jo. N. of Tubingen. Lon. t. 50. E. lat. 40. 46. N. Wkilbl'RG, a town of Germany, m the circle of the Upper Rhine and county oi N.ifnu. It is fcated on the river Lohn, li tnii.b N. E. of N.^iu. li N. W. of Francv'ui £, and i.; J-:, of Mentz. Lon. 8. »6.E. la:. 5^. i^.N. WtiLiiHlM, a tjvvnof Germany, in ibc Circle of Suabia and duehy of Wir- tenibui-j^, fcated on ihc river Laurer. Wti.-MAK, a townof Oermanv, in th; circle ot Upper Saxiny, and in Thurii)t',ia, with a iiiagnificfiu callle, where thu duke refidoi. Tiie moft remarkable things in liils pli^c aiC, the lpa:ious hall *' k in W E I lixoN, a town in Oxfor^'- a market on Saturday. It p •r Chiltern Hills, on a imall |ich, with the loniinucd ridge, county honi BuckinghamfhiiL. les S. E. of Oxford, and 46 W. |. Lon. I. o. W. lat. 51.3- N. .s, a town cf France, in the dc >f the Nunh and late province , fcated on the liver Aa, live St. Omcr. ON, a town of Norfolk, xvith \m Wedneiday. It is iS miles S. orvvich, and 90 N, N. E. of [Lon. o. 53. E. lat. 51. 36. N. IJDEN'SCIIIVEIL, a town of d, in the canton cf Zurich, on lie of the lake of Zmich. Near i> a remarkable waterfall. T, a town of Dutch Brabant, ti n Rurcmonde. Lon. 5. 3S. E. . N. KVER, a river, which rifes in iMi of Siiropfliire, runs acrols , and receiving the Dane from liters the c>ftuary of the Merfey. 'igabic to Winbfird, feme milts iitliwicU in Chcliiire. iSTADT, a town of Germany, in le of the Upper Rhine, .^nd of Spire, so miles S. E. of Hti- Lon. 9. 13. E. lat. 49. 19. N. MixfcRBACii, a town of Ger- a Wtttravia, and in the county )utg, fcated (m the river Kinti, ailii;, where the count of Ifenburjj DKK, a_ town of Germany, in the id i)alatinatc of Bavaiia, ieated on r Nab, 15 miles above Pfreimu, N. W. of Leuchiltnbcrg. Lon. K. lit. 49. 34. N. L, orWtv LL, a free and imperial Germany, in the circle of Suabia ky of Wirtcmburg. The inha- ire Reman Catholics. It is ftatcd ivei Worn), 12 miles VV. of Stut- d 20. N. of Tubingen. Lon. t. at. 4S. 46. N. LBURO, a town of Germany, in e of the Upper Rhine and county u. It h (catcd on the river Lohn, . N. E. of N.fTiu, It N. W. of It, and i.y J-:, of Mcntz. Lon. 8. it. 5j. iS. N. LiiKiM, a town it Germany, in le ot Suauia and duiliy of Wir- ;, fcated on ilic river Laurer. .MAK, a town of Germany, in th: Upper Sax ;ny, and in Thurinj'ja, . magnificent callle, where tlis xTuloj. Tile moft remarkable ia this pliv'c arc, the Ipa:ious liall in WEI ir. tVie cnf^lo, the rich library, and tVie cih'iiet of medals and curljlitits. It was formerly a pa't'oulir county, but now belong? to the duchy of S.ixe- VVeimar. It is (fated on the river Ilrr, lo miles N. E. of Frforr, and :o W. S. VV. t f Naum- biirg. Lon. 1 1, ^s. R. lat. c I. 6. N. WiiiN n A vT'N. p. town of Germany, in the paLiiinatc of the llir'nt, fe.ited on the rivtr Printza, four milts N. E. of Dourlach, and nine S. oi- Pliiliplburg. L'ln. (). 3c. It. lat. 4q. 5. N. WEiNnriM, a t<.wn of Germany, in lie palatinaie of the Rhine, 10 milts N. of Htidelber'T, and five R. of Worms. Lon. 8. 46. E. lat. 49. 3;,. N. Weisbaden, a town of Germany, in the territory of VV'etcravia and county of NalTdU, where there are mintr.il waters in hii;h eftecm. It is 13 miles W. of Franc- fort. Lon. a. 10. E. lat. 49. 56. N. Weise/.mvnije, a fortrcfsof Weftern PriifTia, featfd at the mouth of the river Viftula, below Dantzic, whoiie harbour it ftrves to defend. Lon. iS. 40. E. lat. 54. 24. N. Weissemburc, a town of France, in tlie department of Lower Rhine and 1-ite province of Alface. It was formerly free and imperial, but bv the treaty of Ryf- wick was ceded to the Freiith, who de- molifhed the fmtifications. Between this place and Lautcrbure, are the famous lines which the French obli;;ed the Auftrians to abando'.i in J744 ; and, in 1793, the Pruffians drove the French from the equally famous lines, which they bad formed in the fame fuuation. It is feated on the river Lauttr, 10 miles S. W. cf Landau, and 12 N. E. of Strafuurg. Lon. «. II. E. lat. 4S. S3.N. Weissemburc, a free and imperial town of GcviTiany, in the circle of Fran- ccnia and bilbnpric of Aichftadt. The inhabitants arc ProrePants, who have two chuichei in this plnrr, and in the territory <^r the Forert of Oaks, friin which the inhabitants reap jjrcat idvanta;!ts. It is fcar(?d on the rivtr Rtiinith. (ive miles N. of Papenheim, and 30 S. VV. of Nurcm- bur(T. Lon. II 2. E. lat. 49. 4. N. Weissemburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony and duchy of Sixony, lo miles froin Wittembcr^, and 20 torn Dciraw. Lon. 12. 31. E. lat. ^i. 8.N. Wirs^.TMBrRn. or Alba Juma, a town of Tran ylvanin, cij-.it il of n county cfthc lame ■laine. See Al.BA-JuLIA. Wl- Ib^F.MIiURG, >r S I I'l.WHSSEM- Bl'ltf;, a town of Lower Hungary; feat- td at the VV, end cf the Plitun Sia, 36 W E L miles S. W of Buda. Lon. iS. 30. E,., lat. 47. 22. N. WEtssENFEt,?, a town of Gcrm:inv, in tilt circle of Upper Saxony, and ji^ar- t]uirate of JVIifnia, wlicrc the duke of Saxe-VVeif?enfels rtftdts. It is leafed 011 the river Sala, 17 miles S. W. of Lc Ieat- ed near Wrc&in Ilil!, 12 miles E. cf Shreufl)ury, and ic,2 N. VV. of London. Lon. 2. 30. VV. bit. i;2. ^o. N. Weli.ivgtov, a town of Sumcrfet. (hire, with a niaiket on Thurfdav. It is feated on the river T< nc, is miles N. E. of Exeter, and 147 VV. by S. of Loudon. Lon. 3. 25. W. lat. so. 57. N. WELL'-., a fcaport in N'Tiolk : it has no market, but a lai tiu churct, aquaker*' meeting, aiid a run'i'derable corn trade, it is 27 miks N. of SwiiYiiam, and 121 N, N. E. of Lon^'.on. Lou. i. 1. E. lat. 53. i.N. Wei.is, ^ ci'v nf Soi'icrfetfliire, with two maike's, on VVednetday and Satur- day. It is feated ar the ioot of a hiii, and has Us tiair^ from the wells and fprings about it ; and i-hnu(;h it ii bu- a Itmilcity, it is well inirib'''i'ii, and ii. a biliiop's Itc, tojcrhcr with B.ith. The cathedral n a Ilatc!/ pile. Tlis bishop's palace is like a cadle, being fuirnurded with w lis fnd a m'-at. Tlii ho'iles ft tie prebendaries ar« h-.iiio'n-ne ; aiid the itiarKt huufe is a fine llni.'tttve, fupj'ovted bv I't Itrs. This city fends two members to ',vi.-!iamcnt ; jnd is the centre of a trrcat m.iiuliMory -f knit V.'vritcl ft'.:!: in;;'. 1: is lO niiW'. S. of lici'^oi. i .tSiinj,'. 3 A A I. W E O Briftol. »nd 110 W, nt London. Lon. z. .57- XV. ;.r.j,.i:.N. , Wti.is, a town of OfiriTiany, in tiie circle, of AliOiih, (iaitil on the river Trawn, i8 niiUs S. of Lint/.. Lon. 13- ^ j. v.. lat. 4S. 4- N- VVti.sHroui., aii.wn of Montgomery- Ih.rc, ill N. Waits, with a market on MoiKlHy. It is Itatcd on the liver Sl- vcrn, in a rich viilc, ^nd ii the pnncip.-l trading town in the countv, being the '.jrcat ividrkit for finniiels. Tlit market is hUo coniidcrrable for cattif iiiui pro\ idoiis. The calllc, now called I'nwis CalUe, is built ut a rcddilli ftone, f-. wMUry, a'ul 147 N. ;, W. of London. Lou. i. j-- VV. ku. 5^- r 36. N. - ,^ 1 • V,., ' Wkn.sYS&ei,, a town u- Denmark, in {: S. luthnd, capirni ot a prcl^diire of the r lame nan-c ; (caud on the river Kyaa, 17 • nliUv^". VV. (i Alb-wrg. Lon 9. 40. E. ht. ;?. 4-N- . „ . ,- I ■ Wknsvssf.i., a linall ptMiinUila m Df nmark, wiiich makes ihe N. p:rt of Imland; b.-.ur,ded ,11 the S. E. bv tlte innat of-' All>oiirt; : on the K. by the ft rait of De-unark, ami on the N. and W. by ..r, theCicinianOc.an. The pnncipjil town isrf th» fotie name. Wnoni.v,' a-n ancient borough, in JUrfhir«li:iirt% with a market on Tucld^y. I, „ ......lu iiVd.-., N W. of l-fcreford, ;u.d ■,,., \v.>'.'\V. of London. Lon. 2. 4'- W. . lit. est. q. N. ■ , ..■!.Wfcuiii..N', a town ot lieniKHiy. m the — ^ W E R circle -of Uopcr S.ixony and old m^rche of Uraridcniiuri<. It wVis fon. 4. 4(). R. ht. s". o N. VVKHPpsf, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphaha and county of Marck, with an abbey. The inhabitants are pn - teflaiits, iinner the prott-Aiion of Pruiiii. It is feated on the river Roer, 10 miles N. E. of Uuffddorp, and 10 K. of Duiburc. Lon, 7. I. R. lat. 51. IT- N. Wkr'.)ENBURG, a toor of Cologne, »nd is 30 "miles S. of Munftcr. Lon. 7. 20. E. iat. 51. r -. N. VVeumeland, a province of Sweden, in VV. Gothland ,b.;unded on the N.by D de- carlia ; on the E. bv VVcUmania and Ne- ricia ; ot^ the S. by the lakes Wenncr ana Dslia -, and on the W. by the mountairn of Norway. It is about loo miles i:i length, and ^o in breadth. It is a fertile- anti dthghtful province; diverfified by mountains, rocks, hills, and dsles, clothed with forelh of birch, pnpi.ir, mountain nfti, pine, and fir; and' abounding with lakes, which fuccced earli other almotl wiih..ut inttrmiHion. Nothing can cn- cecd the beauty of thefe lakes ; they arc from four to 4t rr.ile-s in circumference -, lomc lb narrow as t.i :!ppc*r hke broa.''. rivti-i ; others of a cirruijr fiiape ; uuir fhnres, in Tome parts, iltep and r.icky ; iu othtib uently (lo^inii, but always fei- ihcreJ W R R Popcr Sixonv and old nnrc!:e |iii)iir!/. It w,is fcrmerfy avtii» wfll-fonihcd pafl>;T(e on tiic ; but now all the fortificatiir.i It is ("ei'»ii at the pl^.t; river Hnbei f.tils inro the Klo., '. W. of Berlin. Lou. ii. i- HrKKKicN, a to\»n of Aui^rim |U;iteH ?": the conflucTice of the mtr and Dylc, nine miles E. oi Lon. 4. 49. R. ht. ^1. o N. f V, a town nf Gcrmnnv. in thp 7cftphaha and countv ofM,ir£k, Iblicy, The inhal>itants are pn - "iinner the- protci'.Uon of Pruiiii. ^i on the river Roer, 10 miles N. iTfldorp, aiul 10 K. of Duiburc. . K. lat. c I. 17. N. )ENBURG, a toofite iiid. It is all., called Monki' imh, bccaule, before the dillo- t belonged to the inoiiks, KRKMOUTH, Br<.Hor's, a village lam, to the S. W. of Sundcrlam!. nvinufaiVo'v of lail-cioth. .If-, a town of Germany, in tli« f Wcllphalia and duchy of Mun*. ted on the river Silek.' It lb (iib- the trltc^tor of Cologne, snd is v- < f Munftcr. Lon. 7. 20. E. lat. N. Mti.ANn, a province of Sweden, othland ,l).:iioded on the N. by D ?le- :)n the E. by VVeilmania !»nd Nc- h the S. by the lakes Wenner ana and on the W. l^y the moiintainj way. It is about 106 miles i?i and ;o ill breadth. It is a fertile lightful province; diverfified by ins, rocks, hills, and dsles, clothed rclh of birch, poplar, mountain lie, and hr; and abounding witli which Curcced earli other altm.'.i inttrmiHiop. Nothing can cn- c beauty of thtfe bikts ; they arc Lir to 4T mles in circumference •. i narrow as to ;!ppeir like broatl others of a circular fliape; tiieir ill r.imc parts, Uttp and ricky ; b t;ently (loping, but always fea- 'ihcrcJ WES " " th< red with hnncin>: wood to the margin o( ili^: vvater ; ibe ria'li dclik;hifiiiU' wiiul- iiii tbrotij'Ji thcii ik fort Its which ovtr- hani; liie i:npindir.^ prrcipices, nnd over- lli.ui.iw tilt waier. Nmiieruus iivutets fiiiw from thtle i*kes, and form, foou - tMrK";, i.inall pii^iureique citarattt. Ca- rc.T.ta.lt IS the princip..'.! lo-.vn. Wi.ft.s', a tov^n in Cennanv. in the circle of Wtiiplialia and luiliopric of IVJunltcr, wuli a handioine monafiery, leaved r.cir th'; river Lippc. Lon. 7. 40. E. lat. m. 31. >.. Wkrvhkiai, a town of Ge'rinany, in the circle of I-'r.uiconia, rapitiil of a county of the fime name, where the counts refidr. It ib Seated at the conlluence ol the rivers Till bur and M'.ine, io iiiiles W. of Wiirti'i'.urj;. The county lies rear the river Maine, between the a^-chbiflioprics of Menti and W'urtzburg. k is lo miles in ieni;;'b, an i as much in brcadtli. ■ W'krwick, a Iniall tov.'n of Auf- trian Flanders, feated on the river Lis, b miles S. E. of Y;jres. Lon. 2. 5'^. E. 1st. -c. 46. N. Wt'iEL, a tovn of Germany, in the circle of VV'eflpliali* -iiid duchv oi Clevts, with a very lining (i'uiel. It is a large handCome plic>, a!;d the citadel ftands r.car the conriuencc of ti.e Rhine and the Lipp>.. There are tv/o C.dvinift churclies I'.ere-, one for the Lutiier^iiis, and anoihcr for tlic Pipifts ; but the rei',ency of the town is in the hands of the Caiviniils. It was forinerlv an imperial and hanlbalic town, biit ii n'Av htloiii/s to ili< king ot Tiuiiij, and is !■; milts S. fc. of Cleves. and 45 N. of C'jlogne. L';n. 6. 37. E. lat. ;i. 27- N. Wfsknburi;, a town of Rufna, in the yjovernment of Klihonia. It is pretty well fortilied, and is feated on the river Wifs, 15 miles S. I'., ol ilevtl, and 1; 5 N. W.of iNarva. Lon. 25. 46. E. lat. 59. 10. N. WEShR, a c.infidcrable river of Gcr- Ijiany, winch lifts in the cmirty of Hen- ncbur^, in the circle of Franconij, I'cinj; then called the VVtrra. It pa^'es by Sinal- kald, crolieb a c irner of TluiriniJ;ia, enters the duchy of Hiuni\vick,Bud receives the Jfulde at Mim.'en. Tlien it alTumeK the name of Weler, runs alon^ 'I'.c coitlincs of the circles of Wtilphali^ and Lower Saxony, "•■;ucrs Corvry, Hamelen, Min- dcn, and Move ; then it receives the Aller, below VcnU.n, and palling by Bremen, enters the Citnnan Ocean. \Vest,Di.:kv, a bii;\unh of ^V'ltlhirc, v;ith a C'lrr'^Je^alih; market on Fii.iav. It ii a iJittty jjooJ ty»vi), 40 miles N. VV. . ■■ ;ij of SalifTiury, and loi W. ai London. Lon. 2. 13. \V. lat. 51. 16. N. WfsTKKHA.M, a to-.vn of Kent, with a market on Wednef'day. li is the birth- place of bilhop lluidly and general Wulff, the latter of whom is interred in lbs thurcii. It is Itattd on the river D.irent, which riles from nine fpring* near this town. It is 14 miles N. W. of Tiiiibridge, and 22 S. S. E. ot London. Lou. o. 0. E. lat. i;i. 18. N. VVi-bTtRos, a coiifiderabk town of Sweden, capiiol of Weftmania, with a bilhop's fee, a citadel, and a famou;; college. It carries on a confiderable commerce witii StocLh.jlm, acrol's the l.ke iMaeler ; paiticaUrly in copper and iron from the iitij;hl)ouniig mines, which abound in this pr. viiice. It is a large ltraci;ling town, compol'ed of wooden houfts, and containi the ruins of an ancient palace, formerly inhabited by the kings of Sweden. The cathedral, which is built of brick, is cele- brated for its tower, clleciiicd the liigheft in the kinj^iloin. In this cathedral is the tomb ot the unfortunate Eric XIV. Wef- tcriis is Icrtttd on die lake Maeler, 45 miles N. VV. of Stockholm. Lon. 17.0. E. l;:t. ;;9. 3S. N. We.',ikiibi;kg, a town of Germany, in ihu circle of the Upper Riiine and ter- ritory of Weteravia, with a callle, 3 <; mile« N. of jNlentz. Lon. S. iS. E. lat. co. 2ft. N. WhSTEiiN Islands. See Azores and Hf.iiUiDKs. * WhsrKK.N Territory, the pre. fent appellition of a valt country in N. America, comptehendinij all that part o! the United States which lies N. VV. of the rivet Ohio. It is bounded on the W. by the river MilfiHippi ; on the N.by the Lakes ; on the E. by Pennlylvania; and on the S. E. and S. by tlie Ohio. It contains ii.coo rquarts miles, equal to 263,040,000 acres; from which, if we dcduit 43,040,000 for water, there will rem-iin 220,000,000 acres, bclon^ng to the federal eovcrnment, to be fold for the dilcharge of the national debt. This country, which is intended to be divided into leveral new lUitcs, is affirmed to he the nioft healthy, pleaiant, cominodiouj, and fertile fpot on the American conti* nent, that i^ yet known to Europeans. Westkrwick, a I'caport of Sweden, in the piovince of Smol.ind, ieatedon the lialiit, ^o miles N. of Caimar, and 120 S. VV. of Stockholm. Lon. i6. o. E. Ut. 57. .10. N. Wi- !) IMA S'l A, or VVt.STM \ifl AND, a province -ct Sweue.i Pr.'^^er, t>eti.veen Su- :< JiumAuii, '^Ht .h ■—- ^v E T inltrr, 3< milt« in leni'th, anJ 17 in 'n^. ui'h. bnimilf.l nn the N. hv f.mgfurd and Civan, m the E. by Eaft Mcath, nn the S. by King's Cimnty. end on riie W. by the river Shannon, which fcparaies it 'from Uofcommon. It contains 62 parifhes, and lends 10 mem- bers to purh-imcnt. It is rnc ill'cs is fcriiie, producing i;omI corn and jura's, efprcnily in the m'eadows near the rivers. In the hilly parts on the v.eflern borders it is Cenerallv believed there ..re vaft nuanti- tic'i of copper ore, and veins of sjold : fc t.c mines of copper are worked, but uiol> if the ore lies fodcep, that it will not anfwer the t^pence. This cuinty yields the tmeft (iitt, and abiindanre of excellent hims arc cured here. The principal ri- vers are the Kden, the Lone, and the Ken. It has alio fcvr-ial flue lakes, the- l-irincipal of which is Winander Mere, or Windermere Water. In the foreft of IM4rtind.il.-, to the S. of Uils-»vater, the breed of rtd deer dill i Kitts in a wild llatc. Arpleby is the county torn. VV'r.sTlMiAI.lA, one of the circles of Germany, bi-undedon tlie E. by the circle of I.nwer Saxony ; on the S. by Hclfe, Wefterwaldc, and the Rhine ; on the \V. by ihc United Provinces; an.l on the N. by the German Ocean. The air is cold, but the fiiil produces parturts and fome corn, thoiiuh there are a great many ni irflics. Tlie liorfes are large, ana ths hogs in hifh eflecm, efptcially the hams, known by the name of Weflphi'ia hams. The principal rivers are the Wefer, the Embs, the Lippc, and the Rcer. It contains the foveie^^'n liiftioprics ot Ofna- bur-li, Munncr.and P.iderb-irn ; the abbey of Corvcv, the principahty of Minden, the counties of RavcndKri!, Tcckleiiburg, Ritburg, Lippe. LeiP3;o'v, Spi.y;clbu'g, Schawenbur-, ILyc, D.cphoh, D.ln.cn- horft, Oldenburg, Embden or Rati Knel- iand. Bentbcim, and I.iiiiv:!^. Thefe are to the N. of the river Lipp-. . To the S. of it are the abbies of Eircn and Ver- dcn ; the lo.vn of Dortmund ; he coun- ties of Maick and Hnmburg, and the duchies of Wcftphaha, Bcr;;. and CIcves. Muiiflcr is the moil confiJerabb city in tins circle. . Wfsti'Hali.\, the dichy of, m the circle of Weftphalia. bounded on the N. by the bifhoprlcs of Munller and Ofna- biirgh, and the county of Lippe ; on the W. by that of Mnrck ; on the S. by the territories of NalVau ; a:ul m th' E. by the countHS of Wirirontuiii, Hartzfcdt, Wal- dcck, and the 'andgravarc of HjlTe. It is about 40 miles in Icngrh and 21; in breadth, and is a iiinuntaiin'O'^Cf untrv, ♦ull of wood, but mnder.-.tely fertile. Arcnlberg is the WvsTRoooTHiA. See Gothland- Wetter, a lake of Swedc-.i, in Ooth^ land, troubled with rfirtarcs, 3\\A g to old npc. Tlie T-il is vs- tlv. mfniiit;iiii« is very bar- It in the vpII'cs is fcriiic, (I corn and gnO;, cfjiiriijlyr vvs ntar the rivers. In the the v.cncrn borders it is icved rlitrc .,re vaft (luinri- ore. and veins cf uold : frn't per nri; worked, but mc[] rf deep, that it will not nnfuer This f'Hinry yields flie md Hbund.inrc of exciileTit Irtd here. The principal ri- Kden, the Lone, and the all.) rtvf!:d line likes, the- I'.ich is Winnnder Mere, rr Warcr. In the foreft of to the S. of Ulls-«ater, the (iier ilill jxiffs in a wild Hate. ic county to.vn, AT, FA, one of the circles of undtd on tiie E. by the circle ax-^iiV ; on the S. by ITcfft-, i:, and tht Rhine ; on ti.e W. ed Provinces; an.I on the N. nan Ocean. The air is col -I, prnd'.ices pafturts niid fome h there are a great many i'lie horfts are hrge, nna ths I eftecni, tfptciallv the h.ims, he name of VVcflpha'ia hams. pal rivers are the WeCer, the pc, and the Rotr. It : (ovcrc'^'n biOioprics ot Ofna- ificr, ami Padcth-irn ; the abbey tie principality of Mindtn, ; of RHViii(l)cri', TccVlenhurg, -ippe, Leiii2;o'v, Spi'^elou'g, re, ILyc, D;?phr,!t, U.ln.en- nhurg, Em'odcn or Raft Frief- iii'n, and Liii!v-r>. Thefe are of the river l-ipp'. To the : the alibics of kirtn and Ver- )>vn of Dortmund ; he coun- tck and Homburg, and the iVcftphalii, Bcr;^, and CIcvcs. the moil conliJerabl ; city in fALiA, the d'jchy of, in the I'eftphalia. bounded on the N. loprlrs of MunOcr and Ofna- the county of Lippc ; on the of Mnrck ; on the S. by the f Nalfaii ; and m th E. by the Witijcni'ein, Hartzfc.dr, \\'a\- he 'a!id;^ravare of HjITc. It is les in Icngrh and j n in breadth, intaini'O' c untrv, 'ullof wood, tcly fertile. Arcniber^ is the ofTOTHiA. See Gothland. R, a lake of Swcdc:i, in Oith-- l.ind. W E ^ lund, to the S. E. of the like Wcnner. It IS about So milts in length from N. toS. and 13 m breadth froni E. to W. W 1 1 hK Av I A, a prc.inceof Germany 1 in the tireit uf tb.e Upper Riiine, living the pilatinate of tlie XliireoHtl;e W. :.nd Htlle and Fiildc oi, the I'', It is diwdtd into two parts by the river I.ohn ; one called. W'etiravi.i rri>p'.r, and the otiitr N. W'tttravii, 01 Weiierwdlde. WtiHiRiv, a town in the \V. rid- iiig of YurkftiirL, with a market on Tluirf- day. it i, te red on the river Wh:irf, 14. niilts VV. of York, and 177 N. by W. of Li>ndon. Lou. 1. 20. W. lai. 55. i;;. N. ' Wt.TiihRsntLn.atownof N. Aiue- rica, in tiic ilate of Coniufticut. It is noted for raif.ng onions, and is four iiiilcs S. of Hartford. * W'hTTiNGKK, a town of Svvifier- land, feated on thf river Liminat, one mile S. of U.'dcn. Tiic wor^l^n bridge here i;> a i)cautiiul piece of incchanilm, 240 feet in ltnj,tli, and fufpendcd above ic feet from the luriacc of t.ie water. It is the lad work of (iriibtnman, the felf-taiiHiit aivhitci'^, aiid if far Cuperior in tle^aiKe to his bridge at SchafFhaiifen. VViii /,LAR, a free and imperial town of Germany, in Weteravia, furrounded by ditches and walls flanked witli towers. The inhabitants arc prottdunts, and they (lave a council of 24 members. In 161;?, tht imperial chani':cr was transfcired lii- tjicr trotn Spire, on act.iunt of the wars which ravaged the Palati:iatc. It is feated at the confluence of tb.e rivers I.ohn, Dille, and Dillen, five miies S. of Solms, and -i N. by E. of Spire. Lon. B. 32. E. lat. 50. 2(1. N. WtsioRu, a county intirihers 10 parliament. It is a fruitful country in corn andLralkj and th? principal town is cf the lai;ic name. vVk.\ford, afeaport of Ireland, cap ta! of A eoi.uty of the liMiie nr.'nt. It v,as cncc reckoned the chief city in frclaod, being the hrft colony of the I'ln^iiih, and is fiui a iar^;e hindioine town, wiih a Very ccmn-.diius harbour at the mouili ot the river SLma, on a bay of St. George's Channel, 63 (liiies S. ol Dubhr.. L .n. 6. 3. W. lat. 52. ij. N. VV'exio, .1 fcrtpurt of Sw'den, in Smo- land. It is feated en the bai.kb tf a ptea- .Ucc lake, wliiwh ti.nuii.. a tivup of W H I ' ^^ woody iflands. Thi^ town, thouj'.h a bi» (hop's lee, is txcc»:dmjtiy lin.fil, the hou!t« moltly Iff v.'ood. It IS V3 miles VV. (f CaUnar, and 1;^ S. VV. of btockliului. Lon. 14. s". E. U'. 56. 41. N. ' V\'( Y, a river ut Surry, which rifes in Hamplliiic, vaters CJiiilford, and tn- itrs the Tiiames ut V\'e\'brii!ge. " Wkvbkhx.i,, a v;,lai;e- of Surry, feated on the river VVey, at its ( ntrsr.cc into the Thames. It tikes its name fixim a bridge which it h:., leather, hop'-, raid ciieefe. It is one '.-f the larj;eti f^irs in Kn^lnr.d, indhas booths created tor tiie laic of ail kinds of g(K>di. VVKVMOi'iH, a town Tt is injured by tli-j fund, from which circumftance, and the rile of Po<.le, ,u tr.iue, which u Is once coni derabie, is now reduced very low. a few fliips onl\ b-ing lent luiicc to t\twf>.undicvnd. '1 his dc- cine if, ill f.nie dej^ree, con'pevatt:d by the grcit retort of p/crlor.t if ail r.n-I.s, for the pur').;le o| fea-batiiiiii',, f-r whiv.ii it is exceileniiy lifted by its remarktibly ht«- beach, ai^d tlie foftncfs cf its r.ir ; inj tl'.eir ni.'>;eltics and tht roval fanjily iiavc cfttr uono'.ired it with th.or rcfidenee fur many weeks. A lew piam and liilped cottons are made here. Weyrr.outn is iVJ miles W. S. VV. of London* Stc Tvli.i e «MB-Rhi;is. VS'iUi>Aii, a kin^'Jim of Africa, on the cu'jfi of G'-inea, an J to ihe VV. of .s here let a fcKjt of Hiound remain iir,c-„!i.ivated. 'i'hey iow aj^na the very next ly after tlity lu'.e have reaped. The inhabitants arc ereatly civili/ed, vt-ry refpe^tfiil to each other, ef- ptcially to iheir fupenors, and yery iniiul- triniis. The women brew the beer, drels tlic vif>uals, and fell all (ort« of coinmmli. tirs at the nwikct. Th .fc that art; ricli employ ilmir vwivci and flivcii in tilling the Idiid, and. they carry on a conlidcrahle trade with the prodildt.as wsllai in Ihvcs ; for I'ntne of ihcm are able to ddive,- looa of the latter every mont'n. The cincf inrn bHvc generally 40 or 50 wives, tiie prin- cipal captriins ? or 400, and the king 4 or 5000. They arc cxtreniciv j<.aiou-,, and, on the leall fufpicion, will fell rhtni to the ¥,itropK.»n< for (1 ives. If any iw. happen to touch one of the king's uivcs ncciden- tally, he is doomed .to jicrpctinl (Isvery. It is no wonder then that the women are not fond of beinjt the king's wtvc; -, and feme of them will prefer a Ipccdy death to fuch a mifcrable life. Tliey have no diftinflion of hours, tl-iy:, weeks, months, or years. The rite if circiimci'.ion is ul'cd here, but they in-e not a'.-lc to ttU why they ufe it, nor whence it is derived. They are fueh great gamcl^ers that they will ftakc all rhuy have at play, not ex- cepting their wives and children. They have a vaft number of idols ; and they deify the moft contemptible animal that they fee lirft in a morninii;, and even (loc''!e town, having a great traffic in the build- iiie; of lliips, and in the tarrvin^ biifinefs. Its liarhour i> the belt on this cotft, ;md has a fine pier ; but it has no rtver-co:n- munication with the inland country. Se- veral (hips arc Tent hence to the Green- land fitliery. Whitby is the birthplace of that {^rcnt' circumnavigator, capt. James Cock. It was formerly noted f)r its ab- bey, of which fonie ruins ftill reniain. It is ^o miles N. E. by R. of York, and 243 N. of London. Lon. o. 24. W. lat. 54. 30. N. VVHircHLRCtj, a borough of Hamp- fhire, with a market on Friday ; anciently more confiderable than at prcfent. It is 24 miles E. by N. of S.ihfbury, and c;8 W. by 5. of London. Lon. 1. 10. W. lat. 51. M.N. WHirrHURCH, a liKge an4 populous town of Shroplhire. with a market on Friday. It is 10 miles N. of Shrcwfbury, and t6i N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 40. W. ht. \i. o. N. * Whitciiukch, or LiTTi.f; Stak- MOKK, a village near Edgware, in Mid- dlefex, ctltbrat'id for a iTi;!gnificem ftat, called Canons, built by James firll duke of Chandos, in 17 12. Here that no'Dleman lived, for fome time, in a kind of regal (late ; and here he died in 1744. It was dtmolilhed in i747. an*' 'ti« materials were fold bv auftion. The church, Ni'hich is an elegant flrufture, contains all that now remains of the magnificence of Canons. The body of it was built, and beautifully adorned by the duke. It is ei^ht miles N. W. of London. Whitfuaven, a feaport of Cumber- land, with a market on Tuefday. It is fcated on a creek of the fea, on the N. end of a great hill waflied by the tide of flood o!) the weft fide, where there is a large rock, or quarry of hard white ftone, which gives name to the place, and which, with the help of a ftrong Ifone wnll, fe- cures the harbour. It is lately much itn- proved in its buildings, and noted for its trade in pitcoal and fait, there \mx\g near it a prodliriuiis coal-mine, which runs a corJulerable way under the fca. They have a cuftomhoUlc here, and carry on a good trade to Ireland, Scotland, Chtfter, Briftol, and to the W. Indies. It is lO miles S. W. of Cockermouth, and 305 N. VV. of LwidoB. Lon. 3. 34. W. lat. 54. 36. N. * White Mountatks, the histhcft pnrt of a ridce of mountains, in the ftate of New HAinp&ii«, in • N. America. > T'iiey w H r j, with a market on Siturclar. Ilii'iifly ('e,utij iitMr the mmith Elk, and is a coiifidernV-le , a great traffic \n the huild- anH in the curving hiiliiie(s. i> the helt mi this'coift, iind Jiier ; but it has nj river-cOT!- Ivith the inland country. Sc- ire Cent hence to the Grcen- Whltby is the birthplace of Icircuitinavigiuor, c.ipt. James Ivas formerly noted f jr its ab- |ich fome riiinb ftill remain. lies N. E. by R. of Yark, and ^ondon. Loii. o. 24. \V. lat. JLRcrj, a borough of Hamp. a market on Friday ; anciently lerable than at prefent. It is by N. of S.ilin)iiry, and <;8 W. ondon. Loii. i. 10. W, lat. HURT It, a IrKge and populous hroplhire, wi-Ji a market on is 10 miles N. of Shrcwlbury, >i. W. of London. Lon. i, . ;:.o. N. rciiURCH, or LiTTi.K Stan- illagfc near Edgware, in Mid- ;brat':d for a iTi;!gnificent Itat, 3ns, built by Jarr.es firll duke :, inivu. Here that nobleman fome time, in a kind of regal here hs died in 1744. It was in 1747. and the materials by auftion. The church, in elegant ftrufture, contains all remains of the magnificence of rhe body of it was built, and adorned by the duke. It is i N. W. of London. HAVEN, a feaport of Cumber- a market on Tuefdav. It is 1 creek of the fea, on the N. end t hill waflied by the tide of he weft fide, where there is a or qiiarry of hard white ftone, s name to the place, and whicli, iclp of a ftr.mg Itone wall, fe. larbour. It is lately inuch im- its buildings, and noted for its itcoal and fait, there t)cing near giuuf coal-mine, which runs a e way under the fca. They lomhoirle here, and carry on a to Ireland, Scotland, Chtfter, d to the W. Indies. It is 10 ^ of Cockermouth, and 3C5 N. idoa. Lon. 3. 34. W. lat. 54. TE Mountain?, the h'prhcft ridsie of mouiitains, in the Itate Hjinp&iie, in N. America. They \V I B Thev extend N. E. and S. W. to a Ienf;th ni'i wc! glit uf uicic n; ".I"'. iin», av>vf an adjacent meadow, is r^ck. net!, fi-i>m otjiervations made in 1784, to ,)c <500 feet ; a;id the mcadoiv is ?50O f..>.t aliovt l'\e it vel of tlie ;ea. The fnow and ice cjvir thcin nine or ten months in file year, liuriiK; whicii time they exhibit tini hriujit app'-arance from whuli tliiy are dcn^miiiat-.d tl'.e White Moiintams. Fri^m thiir lu;iim\r, in clear ^^cathor, is a noble vtew iitttnding 60 or 70 miles in every dirceii'jn. Although they arc 70 miles v.'uhiii land, they are ken m ny Ifigiies off i.t li.a, and appear like an ex- c-tdingly b'is.'lit elnnd in the horizon. Their hv.;lielt (ummit is in lit. 44" N. VVmri St; A, a bav of the Frozen Ocean, in the N. part ot Rullia, on the E. fiJe of which llandii the city of Archan- {;el. WniTsuK Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean. It is about It miles long and five broad, and was dilcovered by captain Wallis, on Whitfunday, i767. Lon. 16S. »;. E. lat. It). i(). S. * Whitti.kiu'RY Forest, a foreft in the S. part of Nortliamptonihirc, nine miles in lenirth, and, in (bme parts, above three in lireadth. Here, that fierceil of Britifh animals of prey, the wdd cat, is ftill found. This forelt remained in the crown till 16S5, when the firft duke of Grafton was appointed hereditary ranger. The prcCcnt duke has a line leat here, called Wakefield Lodi;e. * WiBt-'iiGH, a govc-nmcnt of RiilFia, being the province lately called Rullian Finland, and which was compriTed iii Ca- relia. It formerly belonged to the Swedes, and was ceded to the Ruliia.".s, partly by the peace of Nyftadt in 1721, and partly bv the treaty of Abo in 1 743. Tl.is pro- vince retains moft of its an.ient privileges, with fnme occafionil m jdific:ition', which have been neccfTarily introduced under the new government. Iklide pallurcs, the coun- try ppKluces rye, oati, and barlly, but not fufficient for tiie inhabitants. Wiburg rttanis its own civil and cri.Tiina! courts of jullice ; in penal cafes, not capital, the pu- niiiiiTientB prel'cribed by the provincial ju- dicature arc inflidited ; but whenever a criminal is cciadcmned to death, the Ruf- fr4n Ihkvs iiittrpolo, aird reprieving him from the fcntencc of beheading or hang. .ing, as cnjointd by the Swedilh code, con- fign him to the knoot and tranfportation to Siberia. In the governor's court, bu- finefs is tran'aftcd tn the Swcdith, Ger- man, and Ruiiian ton>j;ucs. The peafants talk only chcFinntlh liiiJe^ ; but the in- .riMrfi!fn>»»" ' W I E habitants of the towns underdand Swedidi ailii, and many of them German. Luthe- raniim is tlie eftaulilhed religion ; but the Greek worlliip has lately been introduced by the Ruilians. WlHURtMi, a rich trading fnport of Rurs. Ikt.r,-e the partition iidcrab'.c p ..u...... K<'' ^ >hc revenue or the king of Poland, who drew from f.tm an ave- nge prolit of about 3oOO,c33 1 ol,ii» lio- rins^rg7,^^»l•4s. 6d.rtei,iug. VVittAV, a thorough oi Larcafnue, witn a market on ^lor.Juy r.nd Friday. It « fuuated on the ruer D .agl.is, vs a large weli-bailt corporrtLion, and here ttie ftron"eft checks ate made, and. otner ar- S^s-of Ihicn and cyton tiY-.taeture ■ Tivit elenint (Vecl.- ot ..'Jal, tal.cd CuWel, is fouatrin plenty and gre„t per.e.i u,n in Lne;s are to be reckoned a pure wh;t. pipe clay, and a fine white cryftal- line laud ; of the latttr of which threat t|uan- tities are exix>rted fur the uf>' t't me gials- work. in various •- srts. Its principal tu\yn is the horoai:a ui Newport : it likewilc coiVuiiii: ihe two fmall boroaghs of Ne.v- tor ;;iid Y'.irniOUth. WiGinoN, a fmall town m the K. ridii'^ of Yorklhire, witli a nruket on Wednefdav. It is ftdted at the lource of tiie river Sk'.hler, lO miles S. L. of York, and 192 N. r^y W. of London. Lon. o. .;o. W. Lt. 53. t:. N. _ \Vk;ton, a httle town in Cumber- land, with a market on TueCday. It is ftatcd am mg the moors, iz milts S. V\ . of CarliQe, and 304 N- N- ^""^ ' "^ ^°"- dou. Lon. 3. 4- W. lal. 54- sO. N. WicroN, a birouiih and (eapnrt ot i^.- tlaud, the county-town of \Vi,jton- ih'iie. It is fituatcd on a hill, which „verh,;ks the bav of Wilton. On the S. fide t f the town are the veiiiges of an a,i- cleiu cal\le I and to the N. E. is a great morafs, called the Mofs of Cree. It is 95 miles S. W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 43- V/. lat. ;;. o. N. ■ WioTOSsuiRi;, a county of scot* iatid, loiueiittics called Ufi'tR.or Wkst ii>y«t„!5jU.'i m «»lUl»q^*«"^-'|'^ — \V I G » narrow channe!. It is aljoiit ill kngth, and i$ in brcadt;i. V divufcd into tqu:il parts hy Mcdc or CV'Wcs, which rifing uthcrn angle, enters at the into the channel, oppofitc iht S.iutha.npton Bjy. The S. ]gci\ \viih VLMV I'tcp clill. (.1 trceftonc, ho!i:)\vc..l into ca- •ariuus parts. The V/. fide is th riiiciui of rucks, of wtncii remarkable are thofe culie.i, • Iharp cx-rcr,i:ntt, the Ncedi... the illand and the main are va- a^uks, tfpcci.Hlly off the talU-rn •e is the lafc ria'd of St. Htltn'o. . idand, fronj E. to W. rum a hilli, forming a traft of Imc n\ a chdky or marly foil, which :a: number of tine-fltcccd flu tp. le r.fo very pleniit'ul here. Tj f this ridjjc the lan.l is chltily to the S. of it is a rich arable producing great crops of corn, icy of prorpetts which this lilanJ s mild an, and the neat man- hidi I'.ie f.tldb arc laid our, reii- .-,:•, delightful fpot. It is dc-- Qoll lolcly to huibandry, and manufaftory. It is one of the refourccs of the Lfindon mar- unmaltcd barley. Among its are to be reckoned a pure )e clay, and a fine white cryftal- ot the latttr of which great qunn. t xpirttd fur the ufc of me glals- vanon? r irt-i. Its principal tu\yn rouLiu i-i Newport : it likrwilc ihcnvo fmall boro.ighs of Ne.v- i'',>,rnioinh. HON, a fmall town in the E. f Yorklhirc, with a muket on lav. It is ftdieJ at the linirce iv'er Sk'.liler, i6 inilcs S. E. of ,d 192 N. r-v W.of London. Lon. ('. l..t. 53. t:.N. roN, a httle town in Cumber- th a market un TueiUay. It is n mg the moors, iz milts S. V\ . !le, and 304 N. N. W. of Lon- •)n. 3. 4. W. lai. 54. so. N. roN, a birouiih and feaport of ., tiie county-town of Wijjton- It is fitiiitod on a hill, "bicii .s the bav of Wilton. On the S. he loan are the vtiViges of an a,i- (\le i and t:) the N. E. is a great called the Mofs of Crte. It is 95 . \V. of Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 43' ;s.o. N. lOTOSsiiiRK, a counts' of 5jCot» aiciitwcs called Ui'i-tR, or Wkst W I L W I L Gul.o^vAV. It is bounded on the N Uv Avr'hire; on ^be K by K.rk^cud- bn>.bt'l -re ; »■»! on the S. and VV . by ^;^lni. S-.. Its ,;r...e.t tx.vnt, many dir. iMion, dots not exceed 30 mue.. i i- N part clled the Mc.,rs. ,,s ..aked and „oumdn..us. Gre.t numbers o, { laep and bh:K cattle are radea Ure ; snd ti.ey "ve a Unall br.ec. of horics pcct^ltar to Ih.s cnnty : tb^y are caltd gallruvays, andaevcryftrongtnd.i^en.l.". \\ iHnsoti. a ir^oticr iown '■ \^^- key .n Eun.pc, in the province o bu - nia !..ted on a Uk. ioru.ed bv tb ..- vl^" Unna, 40 mdes S. E.-ot Ca.Uradt. Wii.i>FsHrsF.t<,a town ot Gern.anv, in the circle ot Weftphalin, capual ot a fo.ll baihwick. I. .s i^ated o,^ he r - ver Hundc, is united to' the duchv of Bremen, a.,d is .8 m> es :,. W . Ir.- tren. Lon. 8. 17. E- !•"• '=^- 55-. ^- . W.1.KOM..U, a town of L.;uu:,nra, inthep:d.tm:teofWilna,fe..tedonthe nver Sweita, 4-, tiules N. \\ . or W ilna. VVHrt.A'M.FoKT. See CALCUTTA. % William, Fort, a fort ot Inver- ncMbire ,n Scotland. It> of a triangu- lar form, having two baftions, nnN. ol-' CI-.chr,-,rord. TK* churches are rnly a few yards from, eacti other, in one cl..nchvArd. •Willis' Island. S^e GKORiU a, ^'v'VlmVa'w, n fm.iU but handfome town of Swiliev'.and, in the canton of Eu- cern. feated am. mo- iii^h m< unlains, oit the river Wi.iCLr. * Wii MiNGTON, a town ot !>J. Ame- rica, and the largefl a"J /'"'-'f ^^ .V!'^ iVate of Delaware. It is fuuated on L inl- ua!^Creek,amileandah.bW ot^thc river Delaware, and zS miles b. of 1 mU- deiphia. , , , . '^ Wil Mi«5f:TON, a town ot N. Ame- rica, ia 'he lUteofN.Carohna, luuatcd on the E. fide ..f .he E. ^'""'^"fpP! P.ar nver, 34 miles trom the Atiautic Ocean. . , , ^„. WiiNX. a brt^c, neb, populois, and tradim. town of Eithuv.na, in a pal innate of the"' fame name, with a bidL.p •. •ec. * univerfuy, an ancient eallle. Hnd . raMce. The houfcs arc all btnit of wo.d. It is inhabited by dUierent nations, who come hither to tr'ade ; and fo:ucd at the cc- lluenceof the rivers Vma Hud WihM, •* miles E. by S. of 1 roki, .and 21, I>- E. 5-1- bitanis, has ocraiionc >d its decay. Here ,s a colle.-e, dehg.ed tor the ed.Kat.on rf the Indians, but which on account of tlie.r averli.n to learning, r<-vcr 'in- fwered the purpofe. It is 6° "/''^\^";; Richmond.' Lon. 7O. 30. W. lat. 3,. WiLLtAMsTAnT, a fc-p^rt of II0I- -:d. It is a iiandf'ime ftrcn;', phcc, and JO. W. of Warfaw. Lon. ij. 33- '^'wi'lshovf.n, a town of Gcrvany, m Bavaria, leatcd at the confluence ot the Wils with the D mubo. WILSNA.-H, H town of G.rma'.iy, i- the margrav.te of ^^^^^^^^^''^l^'-^"} „„ a iTvulet that tads not t'lr tr^wn it in'o tb.e Eli>e. . ... ,. .„, Wilton, a boroiiL'h m WiUmire, with a market on VVcl-.cfdav. It « n.,t.d at Ihc conlUix of the V. iHv and N.^hEr.and.s an aiKiont p^ce, lorn.erT ihechi-f -f tlie county, thouLM now but amo^town. •thasata.v.usmanufatlory „f carpets, and «"■'■''" ^ ^;" ^il ft„tY,. 'it is Uven miles K. W. of Sahl- bury, and 8 -, W • by S. of Londoti. Lon. I ti W. lat. <'i. S.N. , , r ■wiiTMiiKr.,ao«untv of Kn-aland, fo called from tlie t-wn of Wilt n, >,nce its the harbour is web frequented. Jt u.i. built by William 1 prince of <>;^';M5;' ' » ,,S5. The liver n>.ar which tt-', omit. s-callcd B,ittevd,e,,.VM..'!andD>p..md the bulwark. -^ 'Ik Dutch on This place made a 1701, 8g.^'"'^. '*'« capital. It is b)U r.del on the N. E. and IS one the fdc of Brabant Ksllant defence, in . , , ,, „ Wench, whn were obh,..^ to t-ne he lieiie. It is !■; mih^' >• E. of Rergtn- op-Zoom,anu.:S,W.otDort. Lon. 4. 30. I', lat. u. 39' N. c,..T„ * WiiLlNC.A'K TlnK and Si'AlN, two contiguous parilhcs m lille.x, levea E; bv Berklhirei on the E. by Hamp- n,ire-;on.he W. by SonKilet!lur.;oa the S. by D:-r'etlh-.re, ^uid p.rt uf Hamp- Sire-, and on Hio N. VV . and N. by Glouceftermire. Its length from N. to S. is near ..; miles, its >>.eauth frona H- to W 3S. Tl-.e air is tweet and .icalttiy, though fometbing H.arp on the h.ds m wm.er , but it ,s indd during t.at e -a in the Nalcs. The land ot the northern parts IS .generally hilly and wocdy, but ?ery fertile i hue oem^ made that kmd^ ^^(Jljfi«i«w»*«•« — - ^V 1 M rf chcefe which is fo mmh kno.vn nml £s. wh. h divide the downs, arc abai.d- ancUfcorn.f>elds,andnc.n,c,jd,.w^. n fome places is found knot.^rals ne.. ^o fc in^ cngth, with ^vh.ch hog. are fe . Irneciallv about Market L:.v,nfeton. Its 2 c mmodwies arc (hecp, wool, wood, ;v';,nv:^N£"t;'^>,neofthe 7'^^^S»" -de. Tho ptUKip.) W I N in Crai"hoii, featcd leaed he- wen two br^H)k., on ilx nvcr btuur ; IS ,1 luge well-uil'sbited place ; ha, a JiandrMine churcli, fiiV-d tb was foriiicrly iio'ed f'-i' it; . .■ I IS llx miles N. 'Mi,iirters and nunnery. It of Poole, and ici S. Lou. i. 1. W. lat. 50. Wilt(hire aie the Upper a ii)d W. (if London. '^' W-NrAUSTOK, a town of Sr.mcrrci- fliirc. with a market on W'ednelday, fcaied on ihcfidoot a hill, 24 mile" .V of Ratli, and icS ^A•. by S. of London. Lon. ,. ,H. \V. lat. ^1. l■^'• . Wrn.-ncoMi>, a iari,e town in Ol.va- ce«ern.ire, with a maiket on Saun-.av I' was formerly noted tor its ai.uey, and rivers in vy nv...... -•- ^.r.r, ' '^ ...mt; It was torineriv noteu ...r lower Avon, the NadderVUli.Wn I ^^_ ^^^^^^ ^_^_ ^,. ciouccfter, and ca and Kenuet. T^"'. f''""''l. .V!! . .'.„. \V. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. o. W. U. CI. ^5.■N. . Wiv.viii;iSFA, :i town in J>uli. x, .1 and Ken..— . „ , „ in the di.Kefc of b^UR city. 14 nwrket-town.. „rv, conMi'ib one H.ul 3^1 p.iilbes. hundreds, roul fends S.dilbury is «... , , - ^ , , It is divded into m 34 members to pariumcnt "^^t.os, a vilL. of S.rrv .. „88 (tlic chancel ex.ented) ami ^ an ;!;g;nt^l,trleftruau,e. RolSinnarUs a line park here, from whiclm.^^.KU^. of thofe of London ami vWluninU r. (In the S W. an^le of Win.bicdo. C u.v_mon, U^^iSur ^ncmnment. ^^.t ^ ^^;njlc ditch, .nclndinv; a lurl.ux "^ '^ " "^l ,;.' of .\t i: ,. , . „f ,\,,. W'efi S.*xons, and fo^i m tin" or tne m , , 1 near the v-.llagr. is a -'^'■';;'- -;- which is never known to tre /... ;^;^bledot, are fume c-pPer mills a ,. rufaftory for r''""'"o ^'"^''^' ""^' "" otherof japan ware. ,,,,..,,,, ^.„ a WlMONI.MAM, or \\ IM'l'A^I. to-vn of Norfolk, with a m.okei on ^ r t, Kas been noted for hockrit;s, Fridav. It "•"• ""-'•" , I- ■ 11 Tlu- Wooden fpoons, lap-;, and 'P "^ '- / ^^ fteeolcof.be.-hnrcl..svervh.>. ..mdon it ,^s hung Ket, the tanne^ ^ ' - lion in the rcwn ot K^A.-rti » ■■ • Su.u-s.^v^''"'"^Lt'r>'F- N. E. i'V N- of London. Lon. i. ('■ f- ^\vmvi-^t:^. a free and inapcrial town ^y:raKintUve.cicof5iua^^^^ wiuch has no market. It is one ot aie rinciue P'Hts, and was built in the re.gn of R.lward L when a more ancient town nt tW (;.me name, which had iS parilh churche^. and was diHant about three miUs, w,.s fw.dUAved up by the (ea, in a .eniMe teinpel . -phe new t„wn bcinR I .'-Vcd liy the French and Spaniatds, anil defertcd by the Tea, lo.n fell in'o decay ; and it is now dwindled to a in.an place, th..orhit retain., its pnvilesics and lend, two member, to parliament 1^ >^ l^a-d on a rotkv cl.if, on an ink t of the lea, «ndh..d a haven, now cl>ok.d up. H i-- gcverncd by a mayor and jarms, though it has but about -.ohoule,. Three of the pates are liill fla„dir,g, but "V-ien decayed : ,hev are three miles .ilunder. \\ inchellea i'\womlesS.W.ofRyc.and7..J^.^\- cf London. Lon. o. 4V i'- '''«. 50. sS.N. e ■ Wi.vcHESTl-.u, a very ancient city ot H.iT.pihire, with two markets, on Woi- ntid.'v and Saturday. U i» (^^'ted in . v.,liev between hdls, on tb. river Itche-.i, Pnd 'is about one mile ar.d a halt in cu • cmfeiencc round the walK il.ron^Jt w^ich.her. arefom-na'ts. thre are hx '.M.'. -churches, behdc the cathedral, wh-ch is a lar.;c and ncaul.ttd IlriiWa.., ,„ which were imened icvirai S.x^.n Kines i^luile ix'res were cclletted IJV nit into fix fmal! gilded cof- ami cpieens bifiiop Fox, put . Y _ p . fuis and placed on a wsU in he S. f.Oe f rhe cVm- In this ca Kedrd alio 1* tkc ;; t l^iffin of Wilhao. R.fu;,_.and r.„.'n/ o'her monutnents, are tl'oie o William of Wykeham, cardinal Uau.ovt, 8«a Ur. Benjamin Hoiidly, au bnUop" «'r hu rly iifj'e \V I N !, fcatcd (HI the nvfr Netkar, N. of Haiibron, and it. E. ■ t Uu.9. xs- R. l.u. +-.._2o N. iiN a town of Dorit'.fnuu, uket on Friday. It i- leaid I'o br^iok.., on die river btuiir ; • tll-Mi'Mbited plact ; has h veil, f.ilcd thc'Mi,iiricri and d f.,1- its nunnery. It ■xi N. of T'lolc, and 102 S. ndcjn. Lou. 1. 1. W. bt. 30. X'STON, a town of Somcrfoi- h a nvirkct un VVcdm-fdiy, ihcfidoot a liiU, 24 "lilt.* .S, of ,cS W. by S. of London. Lor.. lat. ^1. 1. N- . ^,, icoMK. a lari,e town in Ol.i;;- with H maiket on Sainrday. rnicrlv noftd for its aiibty, and es N.'R. of Giouceftcr, and 4^; V. of London. Lon. 2. o, W' ■ iiKi.SFA, :i town in Sun.-x, s no m.irktt. It is one ot aie ins, nnd v.-as built in tiie rii^n of I. whin a n-..in; aniivnt town nf •' name, which h.'id 18 parilh and was dillant about tlircc ',!, l\v,dlu\\ud u^; by the fta, in a t< inp'-' • ''''"^ '■■'■''' ^"^^'" ^"^'"*^ y the French and Spaniatds, .uhI by the lea, fo^n fell in'o decay ; i now dwindled to a intan place, t reiains its inivilesics. and lend'. iihcr- to parliament. It w Icatid .kv chrt". on an inUt of the lea, * haven, now choked np. Il l- ,! by a mayor and jurnib, thousjji ir about -.ohoufe.. Three of the c iVdl flai,dir,E, but nvac'n decayed : . ihrec inile^afunder. \\'jnchellea ,v!es S. W.of Rvc, and 7"-S. \\ • ion. Lon. o. 4^ L. bit. 5"- [CHEST t.u, a very aneient city of lire, wiih two markets, t>n VVed- and Saturdav. It i» (eated in a ,itw(.tn hdls,' on thj river Uche;i, about one mile and a halt in cu • ,ncr. round the walls, ibroo^.h r.iert ,tre fi.ur i^a'ts. H?re are hx .;'> ctn^, whole bores were collettftl liV Fox, CM into fix firal! ^;-.!ded cnf- „d placed on a wall in the S. f.ae choir. In t'.'.is ca litdr.l al(>. \x the . coffin «f W-Uiao. Rifir, and,_ '' o'her inonumenis, are tl'oic ot Im of Wyktham, cardinil Ee.uuort, )r. Benjamin Ho»dly, ah biiUops e-t W I N hU fte, 6n a fine eminence, over! -ct;- 5ng the citv and adjacent "un^y. '■ \^f flilil of a i-alace, built by fir Chnflopher Wren, for Ving Charles 1 L it was revcr finifhed, but in the htc wars v's h-tcd up for the rfecerti n of pl-iloie; . -.t ^var. It is now inhabited by a great "'""ber t,t ihe Frencii tn.i.-Tant cler^iy, who luWi.t upon the btnev< icncc of the Bntifh ira- tion. Ne..r this palace i. St Ma,y s Collci^e, foimded by William ..f W\Ke- ham," for a warden, 7-^ Icholars, 10 fel- lows, three chaplains, three clerks, a fchoolmafler, ulher, organift, and 16 chonfters : the fcholars are educated tot New Coilece. Oxford. A county infir- marv in lias city was erefted by voluntary contribution. 1" the road to Southamp- ton i-; the hnfpit.,! of St. Crcls, founded bv a bithop of this fee, for a mafter, nine poor brethren, and four our-petirioncrs. IrtU travellers, who call at this liofpital, I ive a ri?ht to demand lome liread and beer, wliich ih always brought to thrm. The mafter is ■•entrally a dijiniiary of the church, the office being a lucrative fme- ciire Wlncbefl.-r wab of great n!>te in the lime of tlie Saxons, and here Egbert vas crnu;-.ed tlie llrft f 'e monnrch^os England. Here Henry IT. held a parUa- ment, kins; John refided, Henry II L was born.Uicliard 11. held a parhanient, and Henry IV. was married, as was aUo MV,. T TSl/-nr the 1". catc ot thC irv 1. i^ear 11. e i.. c '- c' ty IS St. John's hoCpital, in the ha, of which the mayor and baiiifl-. g've their c.vertainmenf:. Tlic city i'. gaverncd by a mayor, hi^h Reward, recorder, fevcrhl aldermen, fi^ of v^bom are always juiiKe>, with a (lu-iiiT, I wo bailiffs, two roronci"., a tnwnclerk, and four cor.ftabes. Jt cnfifts <.f about coo luniUs, his one rrettv bi<.ad ftreet, ^nit the reft are molt y ruTow : the lioiiles are indilhn-ently built, and the v alls grcatlv decayed. It is 11 ihiles N. >V. of Chicheftcr, and 63 W. by N. of London. Lon. i, n. ^V. lat. 51. ■'wiNDAW, a town of the duchy of Courland. with a caltic, and a haroour at the mouth of th.- river Weraw, 01: t.ic Bahic, ICO miles N. of Mcmel, and 70 N. W. of Miuau. Lon. 12. 5- L. lat. (-. 20. N. ,,, . ' ■ * W.SnF.RM-rllK. Wattr. or Wis- in England, Ivlng between Weftmorhnd and Lancatlnre. ft is about .0 miles la length from N. to S. but in no pa.t br'«der than a mibj. It exhibits a greater variety of fine landfcnpe^ than any lake in Enrlmd. Oupofite Ecc!efrig-cr V, u is I, r feet deep. It ■* l»'r,oi* tor lU fine WIN char, ami abounds alfo with trout, p«rch, pike, and ctl. It has a crmmunicaiicn on the W. with Efi.hwaitc Water ; and 1 if^ principal fcedirs are the rivers Kothay and Br3th.ay. This i.ke is frequently in- terlefted by promoMtories and Ipottca with iflands. Among ihcfc, the Holme, or Great iftand, an oblong traft of 30 .acres, cmlTes the lake in an oblique hnc, furfoimded by a number of inf'^nor illcs, finely fortned and wooded. Tbev maKC tos'cfhcr a kind of Archipelago. Not one b.'ilrufh, or fwampy reed, defiles the mar- ein of this lake. In navigating it up- ward, from the Great Ifland, the ex- tremity appears fmgularly noble, us parti neat and piatrelque -, .md the view of the furrotlnding mountains, from Cove to Kirkflon, is aflonilhing. _ WiNDisMARK, a territory or (jer- many, in the circle of Auftria, forming the eaftern part of Carniola. It is bru"^- ed on the E. by Croatia ; on the S>. by Morlachia ; and on the N. by the county of Cilley, from which it is Sepa- rated' by the river Save. Metlmg is the ^^'WiNnt.iNGi V, a town of Germany, in 'he circle of Suabia and duchy >i VN ir- tcmburir, Icated on the river Nf.ckar, it niilei from Stutgard. WiNDSCK, Nf.Vm a large and hand- fomc borouah of B.-rkfiiire, lo'ed -n an eminence, ;= townball is a hr^k ftrufturc, with ar- cn'esof Portland Hone, evened in _./>^ft. Wind!-or i. c.le;>rr,:ed for its magrihcrut caP.k-. built .)rlgMwd!y by William the Lon- .jueror. ]t wa. c.larp.'d Lv Henry I. and was the rcfulcncc of - i.r (uccf-drng mo- narrhs, till Edv.'ard III. (who was borx in it; cau-'e.l the ar.cicnt buuhng to be- taken down, at:d ere.'Ud the prelent ftriirturc and Sr. Geor .^ s th.-v:!, m- dol'ed the wh.-le with a rampart '^1 l.or.e, and iiiAinuca the order of the garter. Great ndditt us were niaec t\)'- '7 h,d- wardlV.He:v,y VIl.Hcnrv Vlll. Lh- fabeth, and Charles II. Tbn U.rtr r.- ftnrcd the cAl" t^ its prifti .'" I; lendour. He ertirely ch,ou;'"ei the facci ot vnc upper cv.irt ; rr.larged 'be windw?. and n.ade them re_j!ar; rkhly fura-ihed the royal apnrtuuius ; decorated tTv;m wirlt paint. inii,s, and (letled a ma^aiire of arms. H« lii^twile eiilarv,ed the terracr walk, m-ioa by queen i-.li(a.Kth on the N. Hde of liie caftie a-,a carried another terrace rcand th^ E. and S. fides. H's prefeit ma.v.ay hit alio mide I'omc very line iiuprove- j il m.,.ti B«f5ibii«e»v, ii-f ti- W I N W I N hu^hai.vvhKhr.irs by a gentle accent. !^,^,^^' „^ okins'-iam, nc.v il.e . . I ... .,..A ;>c iipnutifui oro- fo^rts From tlut part of the caftlc, c.U- e'd le R .und Tow'.r. and M . much fiTv.evv lo {.. -x-.on, and mto the conm.c, ofB..ks.Mddl..c.,E!TcxHen.,Buck., Ovf„td, VViits, Hnnts, biirry, Sullex, K..„t ami Bedford. The royal apartmtms te ad.t^cJ with nvtny va'uablu pauu.nss par cu riy.wkh th. relcbrat..! caruKms ^f R l,h«l. ^vl>tch were tormcr y at H^^L Court. St. George's Chape, or L collegiate charch, wh.ch ftand Z d^ centre, Utvvcen the upper and Le c'mm. - - ^--''^"^'^ ^^^;'-'"'/' '" h pu«a ftvle of Gothic ajcla^f "[«' and was origmaliy ercWcd by ^- ->^'> ' , ' earur. But however n-.hle the f,rl^ de- Ln. Edward IV. not finding; it o.nipleted, caVrged the deh«n and be^au vhe prc- Henrv VII. with the afliftani.e ot i.r R^LdBray.lv.G. The iuter.or a, Suteaure has ever ^ee.t grea,.l. adtn. u , partioubrlv m ftonc roof. ^ ":^^'\'^^ was repaired and beaiiiifieJ, ^^--'th"'^, greatcft'^tafte. in 1790. ^ I" j^"^ f ^V are interred Henry VI. Edward I\ . Henry V 11 1, hi. queen J.ne Seymour "nd Clwrles I . T he roya found.. i-n. m this calUc are, the n.oft noble order of the garter, i^fti'"'"^ '" "•^'" ^"' [^? movement of military hotwur, and the re- gard of virtue, and conf.ft.n? of the io- vereiftn. and zs k nights companions, tx- clufi^o of the princes of the U«d royal; Vnd the royal college of St. George, c... Snt^ofadcn, .. cano,ts,levenn,>nor r nons and 18 alms or p'.or knij-, =. oV/ite the S. E. fule ot the calk i; a nc.'t modorn-hi.ilt mitnlion, called the QucenN Kodi.,e, which .. the roya! refi- • & in fumnter ; and below tins is the Lower Lodge, for the accmvim .dation .-t The vlnser br..nches of the r.y.l lamnv- nnciutivateu, n ■-> ■■■■-■.■ . lulls and dales, wocds and lawt^s. and de- lightful villas. IJinh:UI, in this foreft, was the birihplice of Pcpr. wlio here c. nipoti.a his •' X^'indlur Feixil." ^ Wisiisoit. Oi.n, a village to the S. E. of New VVmdtor, on the Thames, adorned with (tvcia! haudfe^me villas. * W'lNDWAUt) IiLA-S,!'":, (uch of the Caribbean I Hands, in the W. Indies, as commence at Martinico, and extend to Tnbai'.o, , - . ^ VVi.vDWARD Passage, the ftrait between Toi'it Maizi, at tie E. end of the iflar.d of Cuba, an.l Cape St. Nicholas, at the N. W. cxtrtiniiv ot St, Domingo. \ViNSU'/.A,a rtrong town of Poland, in Poriolia, capitid of a territory of the lame name, with a cafllc. It was taken by the CilTacks, in 1638 ; bnt the Poles retook it foon afur. It is kated on the river Koij, 3; miUs N. of Bratklaw. Lon. iS. II. li. lat. 4>). IV N- WiNSCHorts', a town of the Lnitec. riovincts,in Gror.in^en, where William I. orince of Oran.ce, defea;ed the Spaniards, In ,,4S. Jt i.'i':. mik-s S. W. of Dol- Urt Bay, and 16 S. E. of Gioningcn. Lon. 6. "iS. E. lat. M- V N- . , Vv'iNstN,a tov n of Girmanv, m tl'C circle of l.oAir Sixony and duchy -t Luncnliur.T, iValed at the conilutnce of the rivers Elhe and Ilmenau, i? mil';-'* N.W.of Lunenburg. Lon. 10. li.E. lat. ^V '4- ^'- . . , r f. .. WiNSHF.iM, an imperial town ot t,c.- niany.in the einle of Fr.\riconii and ni;o-- j-^av.te of .'Sir.loach. It is furroiindtd '-v t i'ood lanipart, a double ditch, aTid tlic'> waiU fmnked with 20 towers. 1 ne in.ia- bitan-.s are Proteflanrs. In 'V?'- » "'"'^ happened here, which reJixed alnioll the wlu);e town to alhcs. It is h..>ted on il-.e river Aifch, 30 -^i'^ N- ^^'- "* ^'^'rem. buc-. Lon. 10. 3 '.E. lat. 4')- :5i-N. VViNsi-OW, a town in Buckingliam- i^owt. ^. -B-., •-- r,,vd tamilv (liire, with . market on Tnefdiy, levcn the younger br.anches ot tl e >" V .'' ^mi > t. Ailelbi.ry, and .0 W . Adjoinm« the Queen's LcHgesvheLud 1^; c^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^J^ ^._ ^^,_ ,_^^ Park which extends round the IN. ana r^. i"- ',teW.h. C.PJ.. a.Jf»™>«l««"'»' 5'iC-V»«,.;.. » »-„ of D.rbyll.ire, '•.'r::'w"„rurr"'£.,,l'S'w; k«-.,.t..«.. ..■„.»..„,=. lat, 51. 10- 'N- ^ ^vt-.nr,vf. \Vi.- 1-F.R.TUUR, •-. aandl'i'mt town of W I N circumference. It cnntiins Ins ;iiKi viiiacts, of which ri, or Okin^linm, near the Ic fiirtft, is liic lulnrip;!'. ; ran! foil is gentialiy bi-ren v.M Li, it is tii)_iy ihverfifud by lies, woods anil lawns, and dc- liias. Binn :\i.\, in this foreft, liirtliplicc oi Pcpr. who here liis •' \''inai"or F<,ic.l." Inson. Oi.i), B vii!.ipc to the New VVindior, on the Thames, |it!i Itvcra! haii). 25. K. (MiOTty, a town of the United cs, in Gronin^en, where William I. :>f Oraniie, dcfoa;cd ilie Spaniards, >. Jt is p.;. miles S. W. of Dol- V, and 16 S. E. ol Gror.ini'cn. [ cS. E. l:,r. <;3. ,.N. s'stN,a tov n iif Gtrniany, in the of Lower Sixony and diichv <■! bur,;, (lated at ihe cnnfliKiice (jf vers Eliie and linienau, 13 iiiiKs .of Lunenburg. Lun. 10. 11. E. 34. N. MSHRiM, an imperial town of Ccr- m the ein le of Fiajiconii and nuir- i of Aiilpach. It is furrounded i-v laiiipart, a double ditch, a:id tl.lc'i Kiikeu with :o towers, 'i'jie in'.ia- are Provefianrs, In 175:,, a tire led here, whxli reJuccd alniolt the tt Niirein. Lon. 10. 3c. E. lat. 49. -,i, N. N't. LOW, a town in Buckinghair.- ivitii , market on Tutfdn-, fe\cn N. W. of Aileib'iry, and' .;o W. . nt L.iidon. L')n. o. 45. W. Lt. NSTKK, a town of Derbyfliire, has no m:.rl;i.t, bu; a meeting fur le of proviii'jus on S.uurdjy. Ir iiiilu. N. VV. uf Diibv, and t ct N. . oi Loudtni. Lijn..i.'(i. W. lat. ;j. .'• IF.RTIIUR, •. iiandliiiie town i,i ilaiiJ, ia luc caniuu tf Zurich, wlu'if; WIS where there is a rich library and a mineral fpnng. It is Icatcd on the rivtr Ulaeh, in a lertile plain, i ^ miles N. E. ol Zurich. L. N. WiRTEMBURG. See VVUR TKMBUKG. WiSiiAiJtiN, a town of Germany, in VVeteravia, the cuief placi. ol a l.irdlliip i.f the fame name, and famous for its mineral waters. It belongs to the count of Naf- fau, and is five miles from Mentz. WiSBEACH, a town ol Caitibridgo- lliirc, with a m irket on Saturday. It is feated in the Ifte of Ely, between two rivers, and is a wcll-builc town, puirelfing a confiderabie trade in the export of corn, and uf oil prclTed from ieeds at mills in its neighbourhood. Birges only can come up its river, large veffcls ftopping fix miles be- low. It is iS miles N. of Eiy, and 89 N. by E. of London. Lon. o. 6. E. lat. 52. 3!J. N. WisBY, a feaport of Sweden, in the ifle of Gothland. Its harbour is de- fended Dy a caiile. li has received fo much damage from the fea, that it is no- thing now to what it was formerly. It is feated on the (ide of a rock, on thf B.dtic, ii miles S. E. of Stockholm. Lon. 18. 41. E. lat. 57. 36. N. WisFT, a fmall fortified town of the Netherlands, feated on the Made, eight iriles S. of iVL-ellricht, and three N. of Licpe. Lon. .1;. 40. 1'/. lai. 50. 41. N. Wisc'HGKOn, a town of Pdand, in the province of Warfovia, and paL.tinate of Plccklko, feated on the river VilluU, 5,0 milts N. W. of Warfaw. Lon. 19. 50 K. lat. 5j. 3i>. N. WrsLOKE, a town of Germany, in tl'.e pahtiniiie of the Rhine, ftated on the river Ellatz, eight miles S. ire, with a market on Thurfday. It is a populous town, nnted for its manufaftory of the fincft blnnkct"!, and other thick woollens, called hcarlkins and kcrfevs. ft is cigtit miles N. W. of Oxford, and 64 W. N. W. ..f London. Lon. i. iS. W. lat. 51. 51. N. \ViTSii Ai'sEN", a town of Germany, in the landgravatc of li^'Sc CalT' I, anJ chief place of a fm.ill ten r rv of the fame nsine, featid on the river W.l'er, between Al Ciliel. V/iTTiMnFRf?, a flroiig ant! famous town of Gi.nninv, in the il""c! of U jui: Ivi.xony, and t:'pit;il of the duchy of Sar'iny, v.ith a fa.r.ous un:vt.i(iiy and a go.d c.\;ilc. It is not very l^rjre, but hai a ci nliilnry, rr cHirt of ju'.tire, and is the pi:ire whtic the general ;;fri. niblii-s of the circle arc held. It is famous trr being the place where M-irtin Lvi'hcr v/as prcf*** ? U i * ico^fn, a town in Somcrlct f!.ive,^vlth...arkelonTucMay,.o,n.K:s K N. E. of Exotcr, ard •-;; W. by ^■„ London. Lon. 3- ^'^- W. rat. 51. ,^ miles N. W. of Bud'wcis, and ^6 b^. ot Praenc. Lon. m- 5°- P" [«'■ f ; '^■,^- WoRRnKN, a to-.vn ^f the United 1 ro- vinccs, in lloliand, fe.ued on the Rh.ne, ,S miles S. of Anfterdan,. It wa. t:..>- « '^^ Vr n rsvntU. and a morafs. The ,„„a, in Upper Volhinia, and c.p. of td b> 1 >n ^^^^^ ^^j,,, ^ a duchyof'the Gime name,..th^«rt^^ Z^,,^,.A the grcatk p^tt of the in- flated on the '■ly'^'- L^O'.-'";'^-';!''^";,^ J\b:tnn\s are employed in a woollen ma- th. Bug, ?(. miles N. ot L.n.Durg ana ^^ ,^ ^ ,.^.^,^d „,,r r .. river 36 VV. of Lueko. Lon. z^. y- E. >at. ,.. ^^^^^^ ^^jj,^ n. AV. ^.f Bieflaw, and ^'WoAHOO, one of the Sandwich If ,,^.,.i„,t^trKN.W..,fMon^.- the dlftancc of ic-^n le^g..^ Fn - ^^ ,f Gcr^.ny, - leatance of the N. E. anu .n. "• H^,^/ _„ ^^^ ^,,,.v ji s! E. of Glogaw. L.;n. 16. 54- Woi rr.N HL'TTi.r, a cmJidcrablc town mwy, in ih.: circle ot Lower Sax- d ri. -hv of Brum\vio.k, with a it is the fincViaand of ^^^^^;^^^ ^me^'ier^the dukJo: irunl\vick-Wol xcced the verdure ot the mil|, cai^,_^;^^,_, ^^,-,,,,^_ ,.^ ,^ „, „.. jhe ftrongeft v^oh^db-^enfentfrom Lr,,;.aud, m .,v'. To l'!e^v S. W.les, and .hence to the S. l".c'fic Oeear. with a fnpply of prpvi- lrL.heDUcove.ynoop,c:^t;^arv- ccuver, tl en on a voyage ot d.ic.. .r>, vv.s here furprifed anA rM>rdc-ed by the ;:^:J:::\oJ..er whh Mr. Gooch, t.,e aUronomcr. Lon. 157- S'- >^ • '"• ••'• ''^WoUVHN-, a town in Bedford fi, ire, ^v;^amKk^'>nr^oay.,Ill^ cared on ^'^,^.,ound,ardwKU.-rmcvlylamo.s ^oi^A;bev. which now bclon,;s to t^x ;k1>flkc.^ul.^0Kl Uhu. country f.^^^^. VV.,lH..n wivs burnt duwn .n_i724. but S>l;cei.cn,c.;yreU.iKw,tn=ilv;n- iVhas^bten'reparated by the vr.,lcnccof the '' ■'Vol Fsrruci, a town of Germany, in Lower Carmihia. wV.h a caftle, on vyhic^i the difiria about it depcr.d.^ wnich u 20 mile: in length, and .0 in breadth. It is (.at.-d on the rWcr Lr.;aad, ut jh. fo.t .f a mnintam covered wun wood, and tml rf wolves, whence tb-.' to^vn took trs name, it is i5 m\h. E. of Clig..nlurt. Lon. i j. ic. T'- lar. 4''. 56. '^ r i 1 1 Wok. >sr, a wdl-r.unt confidt^rable tawn of Gernunv. in the circli: or Upp:r Savnv, and in Polr.err.nia, cepit.'.' 0. a territury of the fame n,mc, with a caltle, and one of the belt an-l lar^^tli harbours oti t'nc Baliic. It is fubi a to Sweden, and Icxed on the >Uvfji;t;p^y.iV)iS^^' '^j ■^W U L/ ctlford. Near it U foumt grcar Ucr's earth. !•- is ^ ^mlt^s S. and 4z N.N. W. 'f London. , VV. Lit. 51. 2. N- ,V,a town of BoluiTiia, in the ach, Icaterf on the river Bianitz, . W. of Budwcis, and ^6 S. of L,on. 14. to. F.. lat. 4»- <)■ N. n-N, a town ^f the United Pro- IlfAianJ, fe.ucd on the Rhine, , of An fterdani. It wa-i tiikcn ly the l-'rench, who d-cmnUd-cd ;ations and the csfttt. I.on. 4- . 5i.6-N. . , ;iNti, a vilinpc in Surry, in the ",ri; i.f which died Margaret >f Ridimond, mother of king II. The Ihell ot" the grand rooia aiiiinL;. \Vo!;ir,g is 14 mile!" S. '■. of London. KINC-.IIAM. Sec Okincham. .w, a town of Silcfia, ta'iital of )f the lame name. It is fnrround- on"- watU. and a inoraii. The alfe. encoMipi'.lTed with deep lad the grcitelt pAtt cf the in- are employed in a woollen ma- lt is fuatcd near rl'e river o'lTiihs N. W. -f Bicflaw, and ,. of Gtognw. L.m. 16. 54- ^^ rr.N I'L'TTi.r, a coniidcrable town rmv, in iht; circle of Lower Sax- j rt,--hy of Brunuvio.k, with a here the duke .1; Brunlwick-Wol- , rclides. li IS v of the ftrongeft f Germany. Tht.- is an cxctUent with a caViiict of cunofities re- , nuuralhill.'rv. It i? feated o_a T Ockcr, (even h,i1cs &. of Brunl- n'\ v: W. of Hiibcrftadf. Lon. E. lat S-- '"i- '^'' c 1 f-KatiiKE, »n ifland of the Provinces, i.' /e.dand, between eland and 8. licvelind, from which .ctn (eparated by the vf.,lenccof the I Fsrr.HO, a town of Germany, in Carhnl,-u. wV.h a oiftle, on \yhicli firia about it depev,d>, wnich w 20 n length, und 10 m breadth. It is on the rWcr Lawuid, ut therout.f ntam ovcred v.'ith wood, and tuil ves, whence th-.' town took trs nam..n-.err.ni:i, cspit.'.' 0. a ji-v of the fame n.me, with a caltle, uerfthpbclt andlar-tl\h..rbonrson Vatiie. It i'i I'-ibi t\. to Sweden, anj i on tilt il-.vr i'l'Pr'* U'iteiS. E. WOO ofGripfwald,z^S.E ofSrralfund,nnd 4^ N. W. of Stetin. Lon. >4- 4- L. Ut. •'wo^KO.KOi, a town of Ruiua. in ,„c government of Nr.ogorod, .00 mUs S, E. of Novogorcd. Lon. i^.io.h. Ut. ^'WoUsOWSKA. a town of Lithnnnia, in the nala'inateoi i^"'^^'^'^':'^^^'^'^v'^''";r'" the river Ro..i3 rv^k. S. L. «t Gu.Jno. Lon. i-i. 4*. E. lat. s3- 4- T^- , , , Wo....Fn, a town in N-tl.u>:nbena.^d v.ith a conf.derable m.rkct on ^'f'^'^:"^ or corn. It i.s Icated on the fide of a h.U ,, „ile. 8. of Berwick, and 5.S ^- bV W. of London. Lon. i. -ib. W. Ut. 55- "VVOUIN-, a town of Germany, in the cirlofUH-vSa.ony and.n -omera- nia wi'h a hnrb.m,- on the B.ltic. it tbe'capitalofaninandofthe iamc name ' n'Tn the mouth of the river Oder. It b"bn"stothekm,ofr'^""-'^"'i'^i^ iTiiles W. of Cammin. Lon. 14- 39- ^• \vo\.^^^U » town of Ruffia, in the govlrnment of Liv.nia It is ie^cd on the river An, i'i m,l« N. of Riga. ''^0^:^;^-iM;^-ni;theconnty nf Durham, which has no market. It is i^milesS. VV. ofDnvham, and z 9 ^• W. by N. of London. Lon. i. 45 ^^ • lat. ';4. 44- N- ^ !.,.„„ and Woi.vF.iiHAMPTON, a Urge ana flotKifliing town in StatTordnnre, with a S market on Wednefdav It is p ea- r ndv feated on a hill, and has an ancient e "leiate church, annexed to the dean v Windfor and a handfome chapel with freefchool, welUndowed. and a marke - l-onle U is chiefly noted for its iron m nufaftorv, confifti'ng of ^fh^;^ buckles, cotkt-crews, and alio apanned ware It is very populous, is governca r two c- nftables, and the ftreets are for the i-oftpartbroadandpaved It.s.3-k S. of Stafford, and w4 N- W-^t Lon don. Lon. z.cW.ht. 5^.47. N. WooiihRmc...., a town 11; Suftok f=atedonth«E.rideofa anyluil.on^he nvcr Uehen, abcut fix miles from the lea. t has a .ood market on Wednelduy. and hndlome church. A, good corn trade . carried on here, and it is lamous fo"" rc^h^mg ,-,lt. 1 1 b.ad an abbey, of which there are no remarkable ruins. I' '^ l'^^'^" '?^''",^• E. of Iplwich, and 76 N.E. of London. '" Wooi>Foui>. a fine village m Ef- fcx. f.aiated in Eppin..' F<.rcrt, m the ■-, ,d to Euplni'. A mineral Iprmu here lorm^dy auraded ciucU ccmi.uiy to a WOO "1 h^ufe of public entertainment, calleJ \Vo..;dford Wclh ; but the water has loni. lull us rcputat^oi-.. and the Uuule 1. nosv a private'one. Wo.dlbrd is Ught n.ies N. E. bv N. of London. - WoouFORU Uiu.'x,!., a pleaiant vilUi^e in LlTcx, lituated in Eppin*; boreu, on the road to Ongar, nine uii.cs ^. e-. of London. It is htuated lu th^ pat uh of Woodford, on the bai.-i« of the river WoiinsTOCK, a borouen in O.xlora- ihire, with a market on Tuelday. U is leated on a rifing ground, and "" * ^'^^ '^;' and is a weU-conipaftea town, ^1"«^'^>- ; - cd for Blenheim-Houlc ; a nnc P^'^ct, bt.ilt in memory of the viitory obtained, b h. d«ke of Marlborough, over tiiu I' lenai a 1 d Bavarians, in Au-^ult 1704. 1 !^e town ha. a manuf,.tlorv of lltel chains tor w at Jus, and e-xcctlent gloves. In Blenheim .a.k, originally ftood a magnmcent ^ 7' .i;;';"' winch was the favourite retreat of 1 ver;. kini'sof En-iland, at various periods, tul the'reign of Clurles I. wbc;,!. he fac ced- ing interval of civil d.lknfion latd it al- nioft wildly in ruiiv.. it was nm, hrAV- ever, eniirelv dcmohnied, ml after the building of Blenheim ; when every trace of the ancient edifice was r-.-.^:''.' ' -^^ruj two elm trees planted on m.Xue. lli> »/ informs us, that king Etheired hei. a ■ parhament at Woodllock Palace ; and that "Alfred the Great tranllated Boetius d,e C nfolatione Philofophia., at tue fame place. Henry L beautihed the palace ; piace. iitmj »■ v- 1 „»■ and here rtfuled the be,-,utitul and un,. tunate Rolamond, the miltreU ot lieii- rv II. for whom that prince is laul to luvc contrived a Ubyrinth, by which nor romanlic iH^treat (placed by tradition near the fprin.^ th.t lUU bears her name , a Blenheim P -"k) niigb.t communicate wun the palace, and prevent any lurpnle ir,„u the vindiai.ejcaloufyot his queen. Ed- mimd, the lecund lon ol Edw-aid 1. w.o was born at this palace, was hcce e,.Ucd lulmund of Wooddock; as wel as Ed- ward, eldell l«n of Edward 111. con- nionlv known by the name ol the ac,;r Prince. Chaucer, the father 01 En,,,..^ ,sortr>-, was born, lived, ^f.'^^^' «" Woodftock. The prmcels Eblabeth was confined at Woodltockby her IUUt quev^i Mary, and her life was ouce m uie :.i,..v imminent danger, from a Ure wiiich brok.^ out under tne room ,^'"";:,\' '<='';.':. " Woodl\ock is eight miles N. \\ .of Q^- ford. and (-:. W. N. W. of London. I on I. n. WAm. 51. 5^ ^• Wooi.wicii, a town in Kent, with i irarkct on Friday. It is leated on .U river Thames and is of great note h r .- 3 B "^ mic * :' "^r o R fine docTct anil yards, where men of war are built ; as alio tor its' vail n;a^izinei ot grtat tuni. mortars, b;.mh.cao.ion balls, p.Avder. .nd other warlike fl-rcs. t has iikew.le an acidemv, \vhcr. tho mathema- tics aie t.u^ht, and young officers in ftruaed in il^e militV) art tor ome vcarsp'-.rt two or three hulks have been L oredoiFthis town, for th. reception of convi.-b, TO the number loiT^eiuiK-. of 400. Parr uf this pirilh is oi; the EfTcx I'.de a the Thame, (where there was once a d.apti, ar,d where nuw Hands a houjt, cnlled th-' Dcvil'^ I-I^ulc) and is incluH.d in tl-e cmity of Kent. It is t.n mii.^ E. ^f Lrndnn. Lon. o. 10. L. lat. ^ .. ?o. N. V \VuR«.r.siER,a town ot N. Atrc rica, in the ftau of Maflachulys : nd tlie fl.ire-tnwn of a county of the fame nan-e. It is the b.rgeft inland town in New tnuland. a.d is 47 milef \\ .of l.>ft -n. VVoHCKSTKU, a large and hir.d! me chvof Worcel'erfliire.rai-.ia! ' .h .t c un- ,v It lb i)!'a:an-iv and cmnr.odr uHy k;,.d on the eaftcrn banks uf the ri^cr Severn, over whLh is a hand'-me ftone bridge ; and whence it ni.s witt, a gentle aliens lb iMgh asto aft.rd a ,.lealant profota over tne ^a.e b.ncatn. It cn- iaini mne par.lh cliurchcs, bet.de 'he catltedral,a^ St. Michael-, ^u,l,out the liberties of the city. It n wel inha- bited, andcrnesoaaconri.era.letr e in the n.<'nufa6lure of wcull.n ftf.ft. a.-d £love<. It h.. like, .fe a r.r>ru'a..1o V cf cU^-ant china ware. Here Cmniw.. 1, S tCj., ob^ained a viarty over f e Scorch nrmy. which had mnrclud n.ta England to'reinftate Ch.rlcs II. on the thrmie, who, af^er this defeat, efcaped ^vith great dhlicalty into France. Wo - cefter i.a» -ilo three g.-amaar fchoos, f.ven hofpitals, a water hou!e, and a - cll- cntriv.d quay. It is pov.r ed by a ^ayor and alde-mer, h . .i-re. n-arkets. bn Wcdncfdny, FMd'.y, and Sa.urdav and ferid, two n^embe.s to parliament. It U 3J ,.-.los 1< K. E. of Bnftol, nod . .8 •W N W. of London. Loo. i. 33' W. • • W- ' ct.'.TKRsniRE ac^untvof Erg-, >' land, bou.. ■ d on the N '.V Siiroplh^rc • Jnl St-ftviJJhrti 00 the E. bv War- •ndonthU F, .ndS. by Gl-ucefter- flnre; extending ahuut thirty m-les in len.-^ from N. t • S'. and t>ve„ty in hr.adth Tr.,v E. to W. It % divided in leven huncj.c.s, ana con-uln^ one cnv, ten m.rkev towns, and .5^ parifl^es It U .ntheai-eefeofW.rcefteV, andUnds rine men.Vcrs to parliarnent. 1 he .r h very healthy, and the foil in tic t W O R valc3 .-ind meadows very rich, producing corn and pfture. pani.cula.ly the rich v, c of Evelh.in, which is jir> y «>'••''''>■•• Jran.ry of the 'c pins. The hills h^ie Lneily an eafy afcent (.xcep, the Mai- Ln-hills. intlfeS.W p:irtofthec>.n. ty-) ard feed large flecks of fteep. Tlie o:l er hlls are the Lickv near Ikorn.grovc, to..nrdtheN. a-id ilu Brednn-hi Is, to- ward the S. E. This c uniy had foriy. - Iv two lar.e foreits, hut the iron and !alt- worl's have in a manner dtftroycd th-.rn •, and therelore tlK-rc work* ax n- w rh. Jy cni.don with cal. with which th, county .boar.d.. A n.,n,l .r of rncrs ami rixuUts w;^u-r the fine meadows, and t'^*- tbem a vidincfs iHt isimivrtcd to ti>e butter ar.d cUte'c. H.te is v!en>y <>-■>"■;■ of mofi K.rts, elp^cr.ily pears, which .re in mLinv p;;Kes fund -ruwia- m i: ;■ hLi'-'cs ' Th'- chief commn.Mt.ts arc c... co,-,r, hops, cl.th. cheeU. cicL r, per..', and fait. The principal rive' - ^irc tnc S-vei -., T.-ir.f.' orTend, --nd AvT.. Woi CUM. a. own of ,he Uioicd Pro- v-.nM,o.-, .St.iIls b. U . '£ Le-.vard.... L' ». ^. .5 I'-- '^V ;?. o. M. VVoRiNOKN, a p wn ot Ger..u,>y,in ,hc ele^>onitc of Co! ^nv, ei.^ht _ iw; . fror.i Cologni , featcd -n the Rome. L-n. -. iq. E. lat. 50. :;';. N. , „ , WoHiUNoios',afeapoaofCum'-..r- land, (eatcd on f.e r'vcr P"-";"^' ;";^ wl.i.h IS a Ivandlon^e one brua-e. I ro n this port a latge <|UHntitv of coal is ex- " ^. rr-i ■ ° .. lu„ l..„,llna n ace of Mie pore .1 lAlJ^e .|...... ■d. This was the landing place > lie poneO. 1 ins was m-- ■•.•, c unforiiinatc Marv queen ot bcots, "he. Il,e was driven to take rctuge in the .0- nvnionsot her rival Ehlaheth. ntc neighbourhood is a large iron totndt^^. Wcrkiiii^ton ;s leven m;les W. ot C cK- ermouth, and 307 N. of London. Lep. 1, t;. W. lat. :;3. 4»r T^- . , .- Worksop, atown of Nottinghamfliire, with a market on WedneWav . It .^ "-ted for a hcuCe buik in the reign of Henrv \ . which, though old-fa(hioned, was not in- fcnor to the beft and ereateft in the coun- ty. It wao burnt down in i7<^, 1. but re^ built with great ma^jiMticence, ^"^^ « ^^J; feat of the duke of Nr lolk. The abb / gate remains, and the rooiTi over It isom- Lricd into a fchool. On the wett fit of the .own is r. ciixnhr h.a inctoled with a trench, exiept on ore rulc'^herc U bank is ftecp. This w.s the P/c n he calHe, which comminded a branen of tU river. The canal from the 1 rent 10 Chefterfield pafTcs near this piacc. l-i> ^iniiies N. of Nottingham, and 146 ^• bv W of Lcttdon. ton. i. 0. W. lat. .j. »0'N. " • ^ - . ■ Worms, W O R tadows very' rich, prodiicin;:; urc, paniculaily the rich vaic , which is jir^ly flylcd th'.- the^c pins. The hills hr.c eaCy afctnt (rxccpt the M^l- n the S. \V, pirt of the c jmh- |d large fl. cks of ii.> res, elpiciilly pears, uliich .ire p.';i.es fjund griiwlii^ in [:c Th'-. chi«.f cominn.'it.cs .irc r.'ni, cl )th, chei.it, cid' r, piri> , and principal rive ; nc tile S-jvei;-., Tend, •'nd Avr p.. l':\t, a if.wii (if the Uui'.ed Pro- Friiilind, fe.iU'* <<» 'lie Zuider- h a hur'niiir. i8 itiiLs S. W. of Li n. i;. 15 I'"., lit. ;?. o. N. N"(;i-.N', a t Avn (if- Cli-r.ii.i.iy, in borate of C'fil'!L'n'.', t ',:.;ht ini,.> logni , fintcd "n tlit Ruine. ' L 1:1. . lat. 50. ^^. N. KIsr;i0N', a <'e;jpcit of Ciiml-cr- tcd on ti.c r'vtr Per'.venr, (ivlt 1 a liandionie one liriji'c. From c .a large (junntitv (.f cual U tx- This wai the landini; place c^ the iiare Marv queen ot Scots, ^\hL\\ driven to take refuge in the du- of her tival Elifalieth. In tiic U'ho'.d is a iarpe iron fnimdrv, j;riiti :s fevcn miles W. of C'ti,- , and 307 N. of London. Letj, V, lat. 53, 42. N. .Ksor, at(ivvn (.f Nottinghamfliire, narket on Wedneldav. Ftisni-ttd ufe built in the rtij^n of Henry \'. tliough old-fafhioned, was not in- the heft and greateft in the coun- wai hiirnt down in 171:1, but rt- th great magnttctnce, and is ihc he duke of Ni : ;i)lk. The abbey aains, and the rtjom over it is cm- nto a fchool. On the weft fule of n is r. circ'ihr hill incloled with a except on ore fide, 'where tl.e ftecp. This was the f.'c of the 'hitU coininanued a branch of tl.e The canal from the Tretjt 10 field patTcs near this place. It b i N. of Nottingham, and 146 N, Df Lcudjii. Lon. I. 0. VV. lat. jj. Worms, W K ti Worm*, ai> antient, la- W U K fitient, la'Kt, and famntis archit«fture, is reckoned cne of the fineft city (if (',. rinany.in tlie tircTc of the Lower in England. It u itatcd un a river whitn Rhine, with a biihnp's fee, v.hulc bilhnp falls into the Dee, iu .1 coumrjr aiTvrdi'it; ii a lnvciei',11 prin,:c of the e(nj>irc. It is plenty of 1( ad. It is zH mil s N- J<. VV.' a free am! iniperial city, and th.' inhabit- of Sii'rewfbury, and 18S N'. W. <•' Luu- av.ib art I'rotcllants. In the war of i^Sij, d n. I.^iii. j. 10. W. 'mt. 53. t. N. " VV'kini(is, a town in Somerittfl)ire, It wris taken by tiic French, who aliiiuft mkiccd it to aJics. Jt |s famous for a diet I'.el.l liere in 1^21, at which Luther af- filUd ia pcrfoii. The Prntertanfs Invt a handloni-; church here, where Liithtr i> reprelen'L-d as appearing at the diet. It is nntci! for the excellent wine that jjrows in the neighbourhood, wliich they call our Lvidy's milk. In the campaign of 174;, kini; George 11. tank up hii quarters in tlii-, ci-y, and loiUrLd at tiic billiop''J pa- l.ice :ifter the- hri.tile of Dettin;^cii. It is with a market on Tueid.iy. It U a pn.iiy piod town, featcd aniung tiie Mtndip Hill's nine milt;. N. of Wt'K, and 11 j W. ot London. It is remarkable for being the binhplace of Mr. Lccke. L n. 2. jS.W.lar. 51.11.N. SeeL.^vnt. WROrHAM, a town in Kent, -.rh 3 market on Tuefday. It has a l.ai;e church, in which art i'> fl.dis, rupij.-fni to ha\e bejn made for tiie cltt.. vl:o tended the arehhiiJiops of Canftibniy, leafed on the wcllcrn haak'i of rhi Rhine, who had a pallet iiere, till archl'Ifhup 'o- JT inliis N. \V. of Heidelbcri', zo S. E. (ley, iii the i.;th ctnturv, dein.ili.'\td '.:, cf Mluz, and ji S. W. of Funcfort. and boiit another at M lidflone. It i; 11 Lon. «. :■;. E. lat. ^^). 12. N. inilo N. \V. by \V. ,if Mciidftone, au^I =4 'W'oiis :i i), a town in Norfolk, with a S. E. by E. of London. Lon. o. 26. E. riarkct on baui.'dHV. It i* noted for be- Im. 51. 20. N. ins; the plica, wlK-re worlleds were tir't. W'ltoxErr.R, a town ijv. S.Iop, five maJc. It is i: miles N. of Norwicii, ard miles from Shrta'ibury. This town was no N. E. (.f I. ndun. Lon. i. i6. E. known to the Romans, and i? faid to have lat. ?2. ^2. N. been built by the liritons, on the txdiks of WoTTOs' - Ii ASSET, a borough in the Stvcrn, over \\ liuh arc the n.ice. of .1 Wiltfliire, with a market on Fri^.-.y' It bridge, di(crfiiil>l€ ai tow water. The is 30 miles N. of Salifljury, and Sg VV. of circimiferenct of tbii town wsj three Lonibn. Lon. I. vj. W. lit. 5'. 3 i. N. miles, environed by a wall three yards WoTTON'-i'N D 1 it-El)t;E, a corporate brr.:id, wiih a deep trench, on the outfirle, town in Gi.>;iri.iterCl'rc, with a niirl'et on wliicl; may ne triced in fiverat place-, at Fridiy. It is il.ited under thi.- hills. «nd inh.ibi-ed by cl ithicr> ; 20 oiiles N. E. of IJriftol, and icM W . N. W. of Lond m. Lon. 2. 1 1. W . lat. ; I. 4c. N. ■' WRAtM, CaI'K, avaft promontory of Suthcrlancl'!iiic, wi-.ich fo'ins tlie N. ■\V. point hn. although his confent was extorted in llunny MeacL Wkfkin, a no"ed mountain of Si^if- fordlliire, aimoll in tiie centre of thu ciuiiity. Wbi-xhaim, a town in DenliL;hfbire, in N. Wales, wiih two markets, i^n Mon- day and 'Ihuifday. It is the innU popu. ious town in this county, arl indeed in all N. \Val'-S. It is a place- of confuler- able traiTic, and noted for us fiirs. Wrex- ham is of Saxon origin, and retain!^ the language and appcaran f; of an l^ngliflt town. It boalt; of an aipcient Gothic church, whofc lofty fteeple, fer curious this day. R:>man coins <! \ ctwecn St. Ed'- inund's Bury and Ipf-\ich, eii^ht iniies troai the former,' j/ N. W. from the latttr, and 75 N. F.. of L(>ndon. ,L(in. o. t,-. E. lar. 52. 10. N. VVt'RTi Mnini.;,' or WiRTPMBi'ttr:, a fovcri-ito du.'hy o'' Germ'.o . in the cir- cle of Siaabia, '.i-iund-d on tl. N. !'>v Fran- coiiia, t::e archbi.'hoprik,- if Meot;, and ilie pdatiiiiite iti <)\>: (Ihinc ; on the E. bv '.be co.iary of Otiing, i.'ie m.irijuifale of yur. jja.v, and the territory •■■( L'iiii ; on the S. I>y the piiiicipdltv of H l! tollern ;4nd county of Fiirit^; .bur.;, and the .iar.(ii'ra>e «»f Hohenborg , ,4nd (jh the W.l>y iiKiu.otai is atij woo-,',, vet it is one of the n\i \ poriul-i .s and f'-rti!c countries in Gtrmanv, ptoshic- ing plenty of pafture, corn, tiuir. and a great deal of wine. There art alio nvnes 3 B 4 and f ttm] fnit fprinp, with plenty of game and filh. Siut!:anl is the capital. VViRT/J.tiKf;, a hr^-: and hanclfnme citv oi GcrnvAr.y, une ot the prinr.ip,i in the ciix'c cf Francoiiia. li 11 iltfi-' <1«-;1 by P'T'u f'.>i aficitions, and ii.F., a town ot the Unite''. Pr;iunc(S in Uuectit, wiih a ft'ron" c:i;tle ; ftaicd on tb.e Rhine, a', tlie nvnuh oi' the river Lech, five miles from Rhenen, -.nd 1 1 from Uaccht. Lon. 5. ■zi. E. lit. --,1. o. N. ' WvooMii, CiUi'?:sc., or lUcu TVycOMU, a p 'pulous and wcll-bi.ilt bon/agh of Buc!-in.-,h;i;ir'ni.-e, with an cx- celltnt coin uurkLt on Friday, hud to be one of the ^ eat it in this part of E.u'.- had. InJ^!/ .-4;. aRonvaafcire.kuui pavcmtm v as difcavercd in an acijac-uit .^ A o hi» fole exponcc, ercfted and endowed the ivanOi church. It ii. built of flone, on .^ lufty tminencc, on the fiie of the oM churcS. The pavement is Mofaic, ar.J. the roof ttucco, oriianv««tcd wiih hiVdI.- matic figures. There are no p«w», Ih.l feus covered with grer:r r! nh. 1 ne iur- nituix is rich, pariicuUrly the font, the b.uin of which, with the coyer 10 it, is oi f(j!;d gold. . ^ , Wye, a town in Kent, with a market oil Thurfday. It is fitted on the river Stour, 10 nv.los S. of Canier.inr.', and ^fc S. E.of London. Lon. 1 . 4- K- ' :• - ' • '°v^ • Wyk, a river of §• Wajt., '.hch iffu- inr out of Piynlimmon Hill, very near the fouicc of the Severn, 'trolTcs the N. l- corner of Rad.M^rttiirc, givinj? n.imc to the townof Rayaderpowy, or, the fall ot the Wye, where it is precipitated in a ca- taraft. Then flowing between this coun- ty and Diecknockdiire, it croflts Herc- f,.rd(hirt, and dividing the counties o. (Jloucef^cr and Monmouth, falls int mi'lti S. S. W. of Coiiaance. Lon. 9. 4,- E. hit. 47- 34- N. f A ,1 •„, Wyni;ni>'^'-e, a town of Auftnau Flander., v. here general Webb, in 1708, as ].-• was e>.nve>ing a gre;.t fiippw of aiu- n.uniti'ft .-.ml prov, lions to the army be- fo-e Lifle, was attacked bv 14,000 1' reiicU ; bu^ thoui.,h he had <,r,iy 6,o->o men, he de- ftai. iL'V- ^i-^'^U a"J arnved Ufeat LiUc. ^*-'yi(I., a river tifuu^ near W yrl- d.i'e, 111 l.'.iKa.hire, and paUing by Garl- tang, enters tne Iridi Sea below Pouiton. lTic-id;w ^^^^^ . . Tiiis to.v'i is icared on liie river Wyck, on which, and on the I- 'd- ilonj 'vaween ti-.is ami Marhw, arc nianv Vrn i.id p,'i.er-mi;is. it is \i mdes S. ot 'Aika^irv and 31 W. of London. Lon. o. v)-V/.i..t..m. 37. N. '- W'ycoMit, Wkst, a mean village v^o" Bucks, fv:, miles W, of Ciupi.iin; Wy- : comb, .tio-td for the beauiif..l viila of the h\c Francis lord Lc Dcfiienccr, who, at X. •\r A CCA, or S ACTA, a town of Sicily, J\. in the valUy of Ma/aiM, ^wtU an old c ilUc, r.rd a hr.rbour, featcd on the S. coad of ih.c' inand, at the foot of a movnt.nn, 20 iniies S. E.of M-.wra, and 41 S. Vv.it Palermo. Lon. 13- »• K. hit 3:- 4'- ><• Xauua, a leapoir of the W. Indies, ^i-.i iiik. *.->-*ii*sac; o«n(.' ^jfuwi*'** A A U bnce, ercfted and «pilowed the icli. It ik built of ftoiie, (111 .. l;ncc, on the file of the ell J"hc pavement is Mofaic, ^r.i icco, (iriiam«4itCil wiiU tdiol.- rcs. There are n<> p«w», h^.^ ltd with grL-f:r rljth. Tiie fur- 1-ich, particul.rly the font, the Ihich, with the coyer to it, is oi' [a town in Kent, with a market ■iy. It is t'i.n^A nil the rivtr Ini;lc8 S. of C^nici'iiir.', and ^k indon. Lon. 1.4. K. it, < 1. lo-K. river of 5. Walts, •.!;:ch ilHi- Piynhmiiion Hill, vtry iicir the the Severn, 'tronTes the N. i:. Kjdii!ir(hirc, giving; name to the UyadiTj^owy, or, the fill of the lere it is precipitated in a ca- Phtn Honing between this coun- reck nock 111 ire, it croflts Herc- and dividing the counties of r and Monmouth, falls into the f the Severn below Chepftow. Hniic beauties of tlie Wye, whitli deep bed, between lofty rocks ii hanging womli, and here and wiicd by ruined ealHes, have ein- le dcfcriptivc powers of the pen :ii, and often attradl thi curiofity CIS. ■K, a river in Derbyfhire, which the N. W. part of the county, bxion, and flowing S. E. falls into ivent, btlow Bakeweli. , a town of Swiflerland, hi a ter- iha abbey of St. Gailen, where a handfomc palace. It is very , and built uj) in an eminence, i6 S. W. (Ar.E, a town of Auftrian , where gener.il Webb, in i ;o8, s uon.'eyiiig n gre;tt fiippiy of am- . .ilid provi lions to the army be- , was attacked '.)v 24,000 Freucli; i^h he hail f>r,iy 6,o-iomtn, he de- ■: tr^uy, and ar^-ivcd fafc at Lille. 'Ki., a river nfuitr near Wyrf- .HiiCrtiliire, .ind pdMing by Garf- Lib tne iriih Sea btlow Pouiton, X. "A, or Sacta, r. town of Sicily, he valLy oi' Ma?.iir,i, vvitii an old 1 a hr.rhour, ftated on the S. cgaft ,nii, a: the foot of a niovntain, 20 £. of M.;/.ara, and 41 S. W. , tcored ntir tlie South Sea, 4n milts W, of Mexico. Lon. 110. 5. \V, lilt. ?i. 30. N, XAriVA, formerly a flourifhin;; town of Sp^in, in Valencia. It w.(s t iken, in i7of>, bir the Fniich and Si'iniards, who tor,;lv doftroyed it; bur it hiis been fmce partly rebuilt. It is I'eated o'l the fide of a lull, at the font of whi( h rurs the river Xocar, -,t miles S. W. of Valencia, nnd no N. W. of Alicant. Lon. o. 14. W. lat. -,i). 4. bl. X.vviEit, St. a town of S. An^crica, in the province of La Plata, 20c mile-. W. of Kio JaneirQ. Lon. 50. 6. IVMar. -4. o. S. Xeres-HE-Badajoz, a conli'erable town of Spain, in Eflramadura, in a ter- ritory called Tra-la-Giiadiana, feated on the rivulet Ardilla, in a country abound- ing in paftures, 27 miles S. E. of Badrfjiz. Lon. 6. 32. W. lat. jS. <;.N. Xi.res-de-Gu.\diaN'a, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, feated on the river Guadiana, 18 miles N. of Avamontc. Lon. 7. 15. W. lat. 37. 30. N. XKRES-nEt.A-FRONTERA, a hand- fome and confiderable town of Spain, in Andalufia, and in the dioccfe of Seville ; famous for its pood wines, and feated near the river Guadaleta, in a fertile country, five miles N. of Port St. Mary, and 1 to S. by W. of Madrid. Lon. 5. 59. W. lat. 36. 42. N. XiRKS-DE-lA-FRONTrRA, a town cf N. America, in New Spain, andinNe\» Galiiia. Lon, 104. 25. W. lat. 22. 3t. N. Xiooco, an ifland of Afia, in Japan, lying between Niphon and Saikoka. XlcoMA, a town of Spain, in Valen- cia, and in the territory of S.'t^ura, with a I'lronji catlle llandint; above the town. It is fiated ?nii ng the niMuatains, in a coun- tiv that produrcs cxceilcnt wine, it miles S.'VV.ofAhcat.Lon.o. lo.W.la-.iS.fi.N. Xl'car, a liviT of Spain, whicli has i;s fource in New Ca'.tile, in tlie Sierra-de- Cuen." I. i'. pulfes bv Cucnza, and enter- injr the provi'ice of '\'a!eiicij, runs iiuothe gult of ViiUnci.i, at the town ot Cuileni. XuDNfMjKOD, a town of Turkey in F.urope, in Croatia, 17 mi'es N. of Si'be. iiico, and 57 R. ofK/.ara. Lon. 16. 51. E. |at. 40. 34, N. i. • If A K • V\iK C0S5ACKS, SeeUllAMAM Coss \ll< '.. •^ Yaitsk. SceURAISK. " Yakiitsk, one of the f.tur provin- ces of the Kuth.in government of Irkuu.k, in the ca(Urn part of Siberia. "• V \Kt' rsK, a town "f Sihcrin, capi- tal of the Rutiian pv-vince uf the fame name. It is fcattd on tlic riv-tr Lena. Lon. 1 iq, 53. E. lit. 62. I. N. Y \ \.^^, a town of Afi;', the capita' of a province of the fame ita;:i:., in the ifl.ind cf Ccvlon. Yansio, a triwn of A'n, in Arabia, feated on rheeartirn era'' ";• the Red Sen, and on the road frun Mi-,'i-ia to Mecca, with a harbour and a calile. Ltm, 40, ic. E. lat. 23 40. N. Yare, a river of M"rf)!::, formed by the contlucncc of fevtral (Ircam. th .t rife in the heart (.f ilie cTinty. U j'afies by Y. * 'VTAIK, a JL Ural. a river of RufTia. See Norwich, whence it i:; navigable f: y »-M; mouth, below which i: falls into the Ger- man Orcan. It i. iiv'ted f'.T plenty of ruffs. Yarmoi'T'i, a borou;:h of Norfolk, witji a market on \Vcdii'.l'd,;y and Satur- day. It is feated atthe iiioutli of tl.e rivtr Yare, and has 1 een lon;' known a'- one of the princiral feap.Tts ui Rni:!and ; and although, from the fiu''"^iiF.iion of trade, ftveral more modern towns have outftrip- pcd ir, it ftill retains confider.:Me conle- quence, both as a port and fid'ini^ town. By means of its nvers, it enjns all the export and import trade of Norwich, and various places m NonV,!k and Sui?VrK. It« harbour will not admit fliips of large bur- den ; but it is extrrnulv cdivenient for bufinefs, the velTei^ lyini: in the river, alopi^ a very cxlenfnc and beautiful (|uay. Jrs foreign trade is ch'cfly to ti;e Baltic, Holland, Portiura!, and the Mediterra- nean. It alfo fends (Irp'; to the Greer- land fifliery. The home fiihin!' is carried on at two f'.'.fons ; that for mackerel in May and June, and that for herrings in Orlober and November. The herrinc'j are chicflv cun d here bv firing, and theti drying them in wood fiivke ; when, tti:- der the name of red herrings, they aie eithtr confumcd at home, <.r exported to Siiaiii. Italy, and other fouthern eoimtritr. Ya-inouth is much frequented in the fea- fon as a place for fea -bathing. It is g;o- verntd by a mayor, 18 all.-, tha whicluvcr way tliib Pi;cj)!i; ii vit wtl, it a')ntari. cnxiktil. Oif tin. iiiou'h of the liarbour is a Lar, which prevents the entry of thyi of hires hurden ; amt the liiny Cintlbinks off , -. •■•I'V, at a ih!'- tancc, form tht- Yarmouth R 'mU, Co mned for frc.-]i;tnt fhipwTck'i. Variwiih is ».7 n;»iles E. cf Norwich, and iis N. V. of f.onilv.n. Ltm. i. ;;. ¥.. ht. ci. 45. N. Yaiimoi'i H, a h iruigh of tiie Kle of W;j;ht, in Hampfliirc, ientidon thf \\c'\- trn part \v wiiicli laH it falls intn ;he Scinj. A.ixtrrc is the C'lntal. YoRiMAN, a pr)vi:!tc of S. Amtrica, in OnMiia, about 1^0 n.lles in length, on the river of tht Amr/.on'-. I'll'; nvive inhabitants are llrong, r.'biiff, and active, and both fexts 1^0 n.kcj. York, an ar.cicnt city of Yorkfliirc, of which it is the capital, with an archhi- fliop's fer, aid f'ur niHrktt., on Tuclrtay, Thurfdav, Fiidav, arid Saturday. It lias alwars been coniidered as the capiftl ot' tlie Ni>r;h, and, in point of rank, as «be fortrtily a province ut tht governiDcnt of fecondcity in the kl'ijid'nn ; and, alrhourh Mofcow. it is now turpaffej in vv«;dthand popul.-Jiil- ' Yaroslaf, a tpwn of Ruina, capi- net's by nianv of the mure modern tradis.g tu! of the Kovcrnintnt of the fam-. name, towns, it flill fiippurts a coJiliilerable de- It is ftatedat the conflutnte ot the river £;rce of ccnfctjuenee, : r.d is inhnhiitd by Yalta witii the Kotoroll, 140 miles N. K. many genteel faiiKts. Tiic niii\fter ii of Mi'.'enw. Lon. jS. e,<) K. lat. 57. 35. N. reckoned ihe rn-'ft ehi^antaud m,.gnificcnt YARt'M, a town in the N. riding of Gothic Ibu'tiire in the kingd'nn, Limoln Yurkfhirc, v.ith a market on Tfiurfday. pr I \ps '.xceptiJ. From its top is feen It is fcated on the river Tees, nv.. ■•■''■h':. is a handfome fton.; hruh',!., y') uiilts N. of York, and I'i'ii N. by V/. of London. Lon. I. II. W. lat. 54. ^i. 'J. Yaki.f.y, a town in Hi v;h.ch had a market, niw .1 .u.eO. It li nl!ics, 17 chapel';, and nine acuics. i{ :<> t4 miles N. of Huntingdon, and 70 N. divided by the river Oule into two parts, by W- of London. Lon. o. 30. VV. lar. which are urited t;v a ftnteiy ftonc bridge 52. iS. N. of fiv'e ;.rc''.es. York is furroiinded by a •• Yia.L, one of the Shetland Ulands of ftrong wall, on which are many turreto, Scotland, to the N of that called Main- or watchou'es ; there are four g-iros and land. It is 12 miles lon^; and 8 broad, five piftcrns; and it has a caltle, bunt and has fcvernl good harbours. by 'William the Ciinqueror, which whs * Ykniski, a river of Siberia, which f irmerly a pi,»ce of great ftrt-ngth, but it rimniri: from N. 1 1 S. enttrs the Frozen is now a county prifon for debtors and Ocean, to the E. of the lay of Oby. fclon.^ York is a ciry and county of itftif, • YfcMsKisK, a livi't and populous and fends r-n nn.n>bers to parliament. It a vart fxteni cf coiintrv, p-irticulirly the open \'. ( l.-tf to tlw E. ftretchins: aimoft to tht lea. Befidc this cathedral, Y^rk con- tains but i;- rhu'ches in ufc ; tho'.ii;li, in "ir;; lonfliire, the rei^rn of Henry V. there were 41 pa- 1 .ined. It is ridics, 17 chapeh;, and nine abbics. I{ ' town of S.biria, in tUc Ridfian g'vern- mtnt of Tobolik and province of l\mik. It is fe-'Ud on .he Y^'iiii'ti, a".d CMiitdiiis three churches, a ri^'irtery, a nunnery, an cx'.i'abgc. H'd a p'. vd, i n.a-^'zine. Lou, »i. 35. L. !:.t.^s". 46. N. Y»oVi:., a town in Suirierfetfliire, .i^fith a cnfideT' )<■ ir.Hrket on Fr'i'T- 'ir corn, chfcli ; ueinp, Pv atid >' iiitj.is It is leatfd 11 a r^vci >f n . .u.t nan e, i, .^5 m;lc» \V. by S of S^li'Toury, a id 1^3 ^sSiT. Uv S. of Lontloii. Lon. z, 37. W. ; . lat. 50. 55. N. . :■. ... . ' .. gaij ^ iml^j i vmx i"^ governed !)V a lord -mayor, 12 aidermen, an. I other tflictrs ; ai d its c.un-y contains ■\b ^illag.•s and haiUrtts The corp irrii-i 11 built a manfion-lioule, in i;ih, for tiie K.rd-inr.yor ; and, MVO.,\i tht inrdcrii bu kUojjs ate a ;)(jble al^'eirbly-lioure, du- ■' 'ned by the ra>l ..f P.irlington, and an •jiegant . iirt-ho '"e, built of ftone, on the right of r,,e caCtle. Anion? f^ .^ charita-de foui.datioi'; IS i.ii afvlinn f>r lunavics. The river Oufe is nr-vigauit to th's city for ved'eis of 70 ions bmdin, although it is f>o miles from the lea. York is 70 iv.iles S. ..^ fcltwO l U ^'UJJ M IIM . \r u K In of Pcrfia, in Irac A^ewi, ■n Ktrnmn to Iip.ilun. It V-i'i'-Vjy, !rnd tiie inhnM- |ri!>.;i carpets ia the* world. 1^" "F lip.i!ian. L«n. r^, v. -•^!rn:i!-i-of Frince, cm- I lie lur.. prriviiic!' of Bur- ro --liicd fn>in 1! river tli.it |t.parr!!icnt of Ni-:vri', hii'cI ■111 Cliinoii, Cl^nuci, A'l. ii>d Sfn?i, (>t!ti\v wliicli lift it in.'. A'.iMTriis t.ht criiiril. ^ prvvi:f, of S. Amtrici, liii I ?o 11. lies in Icn^^th, m It-- Amizcn^. Til'.-" nvnc. llrong, r.biiO, and active, iro n ;t:t J. i-citnt cry (if Yorkfliirc, of If capital, with an archhi- t-^ur niHiktts on T uctday, dav, a!ui Saturday. It lias 'j;;iidered as tlie'capitjl ut" 1. m pnint of rank, as ibc 1" kinfid'nn ; and, airh«urh Uc.l in v\«iilthdnd populjuV- of the mufL' mnder.T tradis.g Ciipports a C(>!ilidcr«i)le de- juencc, :r.d is inhahntd by "I ta.il, ;•.,. Tiie minder ii in.'ft citjjantand m.,t;i)ificcnt irc- in the kingdo.n,""Liii, oh, "> J. From Its top ib teen f ciiintrv, p-^rticiilirlv the 'o til- K. ftretchins; ;,imoft to ide thii cathedral, Yi.rk cun- ■nu.chts in ufc; thoiiyl,, in l-Jcnry V. there were 41 pa- ipt-K, and nine abbics. It is ^ ri^er Oii(e into two parts, ircd Ry H ll-ttly ftonc bridue '■ York is furroiinded by a m wluch arc many turret.., : ; there are four g^rts and i »:id It has a cattle, bunt the Conqueror, which w-is cc of u'reac ftrtngtii, but it nty pnfon for debtors and fs a city and county of itftlf, ' mtnibersio pariianunt. it :i !ord-iii.iyf.r, u aldermej), ■I I'!. ; Sid it^ c-.un-v cont.iiii:> I ham.tts The Corp. r.iiMn >a-hoii!e, in i:ih, for tiie a--d, ain.i:._> thi mrdcm a iioblf af'tirUy-lioulc, dc- •-;-'l ..f P.irlington, and an ho 'e, l).ii!t of ftone, on the 'tit. Amonar t" ■ charita-.le iiiia'fyiii.nf >r lunatics. The nf.vijj»iljic to ;h-s city for ms bwrdin. although it' is (i LIncohiUiirt, N'otiin, iiamlliiic, auJ Dcrl')ylhiic i on rii'.- S. \V. hy h Iniall pirt of Chclhirt ; on ti:c W, by L:^ni:i- lltirc ; CI ltd on tlic N. U'. by NVol'.imn-- land. It exundj nuuiy iioIl. fi.m X. tu S. and iist'iom L- 10 VV. On the wtfiLni liJe is a v.i^c of \v\h, whicti Iiab bvcn ralli:d " llic ICoi.Ulh Appiii- nincb." 111'.' c 'i.ii'.y is divuUd miu tiirtc riaingi.,caUi.a thL .^urth, Eiu, and ^Vcft ridm,;. it is lui'o.uai-J iiiio ;6 v..ij>^ii« takti, which C'liiuiii i^nc city, 5^ nuoivti to.-. i.E, and 563 piFitl.f.. Ir iict 111 ih^ dloccic ik (tutpt Rich;iu,i.dn:irt, jn the N. rifling, wiiicli ml^.n^iS to tr.t d'Otilt /t Clu-flc-) nnd leuU' ihirry uuiii- U.rs to p.uli.-.u.cni. 11;. ait i;nd '.oil of tiiii cx't.ciUvc county vary c*:rt t tly ; the E. ri.iiuj;, on account or its iii.ii;l.o .iir- h'.odto t;ic G.ri>.: i\ Ocean, V Ids iiulihy tirin MR' oiui.r ridings; l)iu this uiconvc- nitii,i-dLcr(Mii;i in jia.p.iiiii.n Ui the couii- try fi Cedes troin titc ii-.i. Ho a ever, wliei- the iir is inLift indssfcrtnt, tiie |. il is I). oil liuiitiil; for, on ti.e iiilly p.iris of this li.'i ig, cf;;-i:!al!y in what is t-hed tlifc Yolk Wuid,, the '.oii ib i^ficrally barri-n, dry, :i>id l-indv ; i.'rtat suiiiiUrs of Itan flteep ure thefctoie lold htncc. and lent into o;hi r couii'lt-t to be t;itii!ied f^i the !Ti rki. . The \V. ridint; erj. ys a l-^vp bur healtny air, a^d the hnd uthtj v.-..;t. cm lide ts iiihy, Ufi-y, and not very Iruit- fdi ; but the :r,>ev:i:;:diutt vahit. eonrtft of nv.ich gooi mtnJ-iv t.r .i-.nd. t^r^! nl o prif- taie fort.e Lrgift cati.L. Much I'.i.x ib grown h-.-rt, -ind lai(.'e pictmaiioub vf !i- corici, ai ■ u P •ntefr:.'-t. Oi th't lioc jt;xt the ri^Lr Ou I, tlic loil u ruti, pio- ,ier> good oh's. its other Cciion"- di-i.N are iron, tj.il, jtt, aljni, luHlti, and U'.'atb. Here the cLrhing riKVuifac- tuie»'piin.ipaliy li.urilh. The N. ridinj;, i'l vjcneidl, cc'-kI-, the other tvyu in th;; fiui irity and loidri^ls of uie air. Tlic worl'i parts bief ieiii CJitle ; but, on tiie f,de% of Uie • bb, i- -he '.allies ai-.d plains, i' piofliict.i. good (.orn, and rich p.irtareb f.r I it> '• virrle : in t: e d.fttirt or' Picki.-r- j ig, wi.ich fjrms thf N. L. corner of Yorkli-i e, nui fonl.u.s of ^t r.- e.\ren five, Icciu'it'', and fertile 4.1c, lb t f'/lfil jn.tl, pro i ttt di.in<'.t ate t-vo ot thi. hi_;;.t!^ iil.s in Knj^Un.H ; the o.ie nniiitd U'iiarnli'.ie, ilw ojfitr Jn;ii4.!iorou;;h. Tiie piii^ip I ri\ctj of Yi •klliire .irt the Nirllitn O.i'V, :,t»J thole v.hich fj'l into it, .is the O m, ttje Dtr.vim, ihe Ciidi.r, the A\^, the Wiiarf, the Sii'd, a;\d the Urc, a I which termi.'.ute in t:-e lluiubjr, wivtii I'iUs into the G>jrin.iii Occ.tn, Ictv.e.n Yorxfijirc :o. * lone Inunii'. Here ate like wite ibc 'J'"'.s and ih ■■ Hull. Y'oi;;;. Nk-.v, one of iIk U.iircd State* of Anuriua, l>i'iiiiwed on :iu- ti. il. by tbe A: .oiiic Ociiii; on r:ie K by Ci'nnedti" tilt, M.:ir.ii.hLil'cii, and Vcrnvm ; on the K. by thi- 4s" "' !■'• which divid«.s it fioiii C.iii.id., ; ill! tile N. W. hv t'.e river ?>r. Liwrtncc, nod the l.ikt-. Onranoand i'.rif ; and on the S. \V . and S. by Pwna- hlv.iin and Nciv Jcriey. It U about 3 ,0 .iill'.k lon^ lud ^30 bro*d, r^iil it di- \idtd into 13 c .tin.ies. Nc,,' Y rk, in jjcnrtal, i> inierlcf.icd by n;l}^ s of inouii> t.iliis iuioiii.fi in a N.'E. and S. VV. di. recliJii. Bi:yoiid th-j All-.jjti!/ inouiiuins, lijwever, the c.iuiiry is ([ute 1:.hc1, of a hill- ricii ("oil, C'litreLl, in itb nat-irai f.afc, with vnrii us kinds if tref;. Ealt of iliele rtoiintains it t.> btoken into h:li> with pch, iuterveiiiiij^ v.il.its. The hi. Is arc thickly clothed uiih t'tnbtr, iiiiJ, v.-hen cl.»ied, ;.ir,c ll.iple, of wiiici' ioillici .e oi.,n'i!ts are raiftil and cxo'm- cd ill -hts province, ul.tc^ The b. P lands 1^ the iMo- ha-vks P.iv- r, and VV. of ir.; A!lct;any to-juntaiiis, art ytt in ifV.'.t.,- of n„ti re, or are ji'.ft befini.iii^ to lit: feili.d. '1 his Hat- atiii.ndo with ftvc-ral Kne ri'.'ers a.id likes. Till capital is of tiielu'ie mmc. Y'ijkk, Nkw, a city ot N. A ntrica, C'.pit.il of he Hate or tiie CaiiH ttaine. It m fittiit.o at 'w. S. W. point of an illand, at liie cor.iitici'C!; of Jiudfon and liall River;, ar.d is a'.oui four iiiitb in cir;'t'n. fcrrncc. Tlic liiuati o is both itcalth/ kihI pitafant. Surtoiiiid d on all hais by- water, \t is refrt . eS by cool 1; t ;:-.s in fuui:i;er, and the air in winter i. lu ,re rem- pei,-' t'lsn i' ithi-r (-IrtCuS under tiie (a ne liari.l'iti. York I .l.ind is 15 r.iilr.y. ir, length, and J,.o-dlv one in breadth. Jt is joined to tilt iraiii bv a bridge c.-;!li.vl K-ytig's Bri'.'^c. The ctiaiuiels bec-.vujii Long and T r"irT" anc! SMtcn llUnds, an.l between Lon^ anu York iilaivN, r.re !c rsrrnw n to nc- ca!:on s.n untifv.al r:ipidity cf the tide, which 13 inc:c.;lcd by ihc coiidu.'iict ol- the wsicrs of ITiiaf.'ii and li..U RiverK. . Th's r:-.pidity, in gcntral, prtvents the rrftraCtirn of th-.- channel bv ici;. There is TM '.lafin or bav f..r the rtctpnon of f ,ip-,, uut the- r- aa wiicn; tb.ty iic in Eall River n cictcndc!! from the violence of the fea by the lUantls \vhkh intcr.'sck with cn-h other, lb thiit, except that of Rhode ina'>d, thf harbour of New York, which ac^mits ftip' -rf any burden, is the bcft cf the Ur.iicd S;:«cs. The number of inhi- bitants, in n>-f>» ^'■as 15,614. N<;w\'n-k i, 97Tr.iles N. E. of Philadelphia. Lon. • 4. r,. W.lU. 40. 43- N. * York Town, a fmall town of N. America, in the ftateof Virginin, imn-td on the S. tide cf York llivcr, 13 miles E. of Williamfburgh. Y'^oi'OiiAi. r, a confiderable town cf Ireland, in the countv of Cork, it ir, a rich iioimlous place, fiurounded bv walls, l)r,s a verw c .inm.->diou^ harbour, with a v^tU (kftndid qvmv ; is fcated atthe m,;utUof ibe river Ul.ickwater. and lends two members to (lailiainent. Lon. 7. 4V Y U N W. lat. 51. ?9.N. . , ^ ., . Y'ouLi;, a village in the E. riding of Y'orkfliire, li miU'; bil.>w York, at the eopflux of the Don a!v.l Huniber. Here is a remarkable dik., calkd Youlv- Dikf , ,0 miles lor.g i diul .1 ptfpb, called 'I rierp, who. with a l-ng pi'.-c- of iron, le;.rrh into tlie fofi bcecv yound hci\ab;,uTs tor hib- terranccus' ticts, which thty ionietimes meet with. cf the fir kind. The'.' cft.m meet wiih trees large enough to furnilh timber f.ir buildins;,, and the fmaller trees th- y fplii into l<.ihs, or cut into chips or fpli'itcr?. Y'l'Ri's, a ! andfiimt, larcr*, and confi- rlerable t.nvii of y^Ui■',fi,ln FUnders, witna bilhop'o fee. It has a coniidcraMe nianii- ■fid>>ii-V(;f cL.th and ferij'', 'Jid cvcrv year in Ltnt there is * well-freqiientid fair. Jt wns rne of the barrier towns bckin^nn;; tf> the Duu.h, til! the vcir 1781, v. ben ihi- emprror JoiipU II. obliged them to wimdriW their unrnron. i' \w been of- wn takm and reiikcn. r.nd is i'cated in 1 fertile ijU.in, en the river Ypro, ii miles W (if Courrrav, i <; N. V/. of LiOe, and ,50 N'. of Pari:. Lcn. 2. 4S. H. lat. 50. t, 1 . N . YRfi-x, Sr, ? town of Trance, in the department ot Upper Vicnut ^.nd late prrvinccof Litnof.n. It derivei i.s name from a faint who iiiiilt a tsonartery here, and U feated on -he tiver lUe, 20 miles S. of Liiiiotjts. V-,FNr>irK, a fmali but Arin|» town -f Diurh Fhrders Teatcd on a br-nch of ths river SJ.'.eld, called Bliu, near the lea, lu a I..W country, that may be iis-L-rflowed when tl^ey pieafe, -i^ht miles E. of Sluys, aiid 18 N: W. cf Ghent. Lon. 3. jS. E. Lit. ;i. 10. V-. VssF.L. See T-^SKI.. Ys^r.LBt'i'.G, atonriof D-jtch Gue:- dcrla-ul, ii miles E. cf CLves, and ii N. E. (f Gueldres, Lon. 6. 15. E. lat. 51. 4:.N. YssENGEAVX. a town cf France, in the d.partmeiu of Upper Loire andUte province of Velav, 10 miles N. E. of Puv. YssKi.sTKiN, a town of the United Pri vinces, in Iloiland, and in the diftrift ufRliinland, with a ca'.tie. It is Icntcd on the liver Yficl, tivc miles S. W . of Utrecht. Lon. ?. ?. E. lat. ci. 7. N. ■' YrnAN. See Eitiian. Y'ucATAN. See Jl'catav. YvFRRi-N, a fmall, ftrong, and ancicnr town of Suiderland, in the county of Vaud. capital of a bailiwick cf the fame nime, with a caftle, where the bailiff re- fulcs. It is pleaCintly ("catcd at the head of the lake of^the fame name, nn the livers Orbc and Thick', 30 miles S. W. of IJcrn. Lon. 6. ^o. E. lat. 46. ^o.N. * YviKDVN, Lakk of. Sec Nf.v- CIIAIIT,. Y V KTOT, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Seine and late pro- vince of Normandy, live miles N. E. tf Caudci^ec. YVICA. Sec 1 VIC A. Vi'MA, one of the I'.ahama Iflands, in the VV. Indies, lying to the N. of Cuba ; 55 miles in len!;th, and 17 in breadth. YiMi/io, one of the Cahamr. Iflands, in the W. Indies, to the N. of the f fle of Yuma, lying under the tropic of Cancer. It is ?7 miles in length. Yvov, a town of France, in tho de- partment of the Ardennes and late pro- vince of Champagne, featcd on the river Cher, to miUs S. of Sedan. Lon. 5. 4. E. lat. .10. 3'-N- , „, . , . Yi.'v N'AM, a province of China, lying near Thibet. It contains j 1 cities of the fn(\ rark, and 55 '^f the feccnd and third, av.d is well w.!tered by rivc:oiis Itoncs, b-.-fide mulk, benjamin, lapis Ir.-.uii, a-:d very (tr;; marble, lome of v- hieh is p,.inted of diva- c-:'>nirs. 1 hey have alio e-vcolkiit horfes, fiiong andv).. iJ.TOUS ^. ,, iEs.i»eiV»"'*«««»c«'^W" «.a«e*>«««*»«>'~ Y U N , a fmali but ftr ing town -f rs feated on a br-.nch of ths called Bliu, nc;ir the lea, lu V, that may be ij5-i;rfif'W(;d •aft, '•ii;ht milts E. of SIiivs» . of Ghent. Lon. 3. ji.E. lee T-^sK!.. ■G, a ton Ti 'if D-jteli Gv:ti- liles E. cf Clevcs, am! ii N. :s. Lon. 6. 15. E. lat. 51. ^vx. n town cf France, in III ot Upper Loire and Lie Velav, 10 miles N. E. of /, A tl r.rous, but low; as all',, very deer, which are kept for 4iver(w.i. :iN, a town of f the United I-Iolland, and in the diftrift with a caftle. It is Tented Yfiel, five iniles S. W. of on. c. <;. E. lat. ci. 7. N. ;. Sec ErriiAN. \-. See Jl'oatav. N, a fmali, ftrong, and ancient ifiTerland, in the cminty of al of a bailiwick cf the tame a caftle, where the bailiff rc- iltalmtly ftatcd at the head of the fame name, nn the livers hitle, .?o niilfs S. W. of Ikrn. 5. lat. 46. ^o.N. DVN, Lakk of. Sec Nf.v- ■, a town of France, in thede- ' Lower Seine and bte pro- irmandV) live iniles N. E, tf StclvicM. one of the Udiama Iflands, in lies, lying to the N. of Cuba ; lenf;th, and 17 in breadth. 0, one of the Cabauir. 1 (lands, Indies, to the N. of the ffle of hl; under the tropic of Cancer. Its in length. a town of France, in the do- r)f the Ardennes and late ])ro- !)hampagne, feated on the river liiUb S. of Sedan. Lon. 5. 4. E. . N. AM, a province of China, lying ct. ft contain'^ :.i cities of the and ?5 f f ilie fccend and third, 11 wr-.tert'd by rivirs andjakes, idtr ic very fruitful. Ciold is iiJ in the fands of the rivets, nly there pre mines of tlic fanie li,: mouimms of th'J e iftern p:irt. e a'I'.i lopper niuiCi, I'ever.il 'i>its IS Itnncs, b'.fide mulk, benjamin, i, n'ld very br-.; tnarble, fome of pVmtcd of divLf^ c-'ours. They (..vcclltiit horfes, thong andvi- Ji'TOUS ZAI5ERN, a ti.wn of Germany, in thep.htinareoftheRltiae, .yntles \V. of 1'hilipfl.ur-. L >n. 3. 10. E. Ut. "^'zVbo.'a, a t..wn of Tranfvlvanii, on »hc conP.ucs of Midavia, ttve mues b. \\ . "'Klltatown of France, in .bed.. part,i..nt of the Lower Rh.m: atvl ...5 province of Allact, .5 mmts N. of Stral- Ug. Lon.7.5o.E.Kt.4-f'spai; it. Eftrama- dura, with a good cattle •. feated at U foot of a Biountam, near the ^^er Gu^- daxiera, 20 miles*. W of Medina. Lon. 6. II. W.lat. 38-'y-N. Z A c; A R A , a fantous mountaii^ of 1 ur- kcv in Europe, in Livadia, on the gulf ot Sinth, and' near mount ParnalTus. It was formerly called Helicon, and is almotl al- yvavs covered with fnuw. It was l.cud to the Mufes, who had itcre a temple ; and from this raountam iilued thctou.itatn Hiopocrene. , ZvGRAi), a arms "'^'-^ populous town of Sclavoma, capitd of a county ot the lame name, with a biHiop s lee, leated on ,hc river Save, z^>^''f, ^- ^'"^ *-''[• Itadt, andirii-W.ofBuda. Lon. 15. 41. E. lat. 4(1. io. N. f c ■ • Zahara, a Itrona; town cf Spain, in Andaluf.a, fcvued on a rock, craggy o_,i ad i.des, and defended by a citadel. It ts 47 miles S. E.of S,:vi!le. L^n. 4- 5v W- lat. 5(1. ;i.N. - * Zahai'A, or IHK UF.sv.tT, avr'ft country of Africa, b.ur.ded on the-^ N. by lUrbary ; on the E. by I'czwu and C.ln- ,y,. ontheS.byTombuao„;.ndonthe W by trc Atlantic Ocean The atr ot this country is very hot, but wholeiome .0 ,be native.: Tite foil i. generally i«ndy and barren, infonmch ta« the carava-i* croinnR it to and from NcgroUnd arc oU ten red.iced to fntat extr.muies. 1 He ,nbab.tams are wi'.d and ly.noraut. 1 hey have a nu.iibti of pttiy imncts, l-at, tor ■/.AN "' ■"'"■'^' ■ r,,.all the maft part, hivc few Ugn* ''f '"r R''" vernmert at ail. The Maho'Mttati reli- t;i'n is. pioteded throughout the ccurtry. ■ ,, ' " Zmkk, a larp; ri\cr of Afr.ta, whic»>, lilMii? in the kini'/w.n of ATtcvo, divides the kingdoms of L'^an^-o and Ccnj:o, .anJ f„li' tm:i the Ailanric Oocm in 0»_S. lat. Zamoka, a ftr'jng and coudderabiu town of Spain, in Leon, wth a biihop's fee. In its environs line 'f uikoii (fonts arc found. It is feated on a hill, onilie river Dcuero, over vvbich is a handiomc bridge of i- arches, u miles from Sala- inaitca,and 150 N. VV. of Madrid. Lon. 5. ,«.W. 'at. 4i.4'-.'N- .„ . Zamoua, a hand'.onie town ot h. A- merica, in Peru, in the audience of Q^^iito, feated nc.ir the Andes, 115 miles from the Snith Sea. In its iieii;hbouihood ate rich mines of gold. Lon. 7 5- 5 5- '^^'- lat, 5. 6. S. . Zamora, a town of Africa, in^tlic kingdim of Algiers and province of Con- ftaniinc, i;o miles W. of ILinamet. Lon. 6. I-,. E. lat. 3.'). zo. N. Za Mos K I, a Itrong town of Poland, in Red Ruliiii. and in the palathiato of B.ltz, . with a citadel. It was be(ie-ged by the Tartars in i(>'m, but to no purpofe. It is 37 miles from Lerabiirg, and Oi from Lublin. Lon. 23. 26. E. lat. 50. 51. N._ Zampanco, a town of N. Ameriri, in Nevv Spain, feated on the road from Mexico to Guaxaca, near the inouutainB ofMiftaka. . Z AM' aha, a kiniidom of Africa, ii»_ Nei^roland, to the V.'. of the kingdmn of '''tgzeg. The inhdMtants are of a tall ft'ature, of a very black completion, with broad face'., and lavage difpol'itions. It is very 1;' lie known to Europeiri?. ZASi;i.M:iiAK,a counrrv in Africa, ly- in'f on the calfern coa(f, between }•= N. lat" and iS"' S. It includes Cevcral petty kingdoms. In which the Portuiutefe have various fcttlcmciiti;. The •inhabitants, except thofc converted by tiie Portiiguefe, are cither Malu.mctHns ov Pagans,_be litter much ttie more numerous. The rfpi'ii'S of the princip il territories arc Mom- hi/a. Lamou, Melinda, Qoiola, nr.d M)- Ombinue. Tiie Portu^uele tr.ide wi-h tl'c nitivcs for llaves, ivoi-y, Rold, olfnch- feathers, wax. and drutjs. The prodiic 1,011s are much tiie fame ns \n orhur parts of A Inea betv.'Ctn th.e tropics. Zastf. an i.luidof the Mediterrane- an, near the c<.Mlt of the Moie.i, 17 miles S. E. of the idatid of Ceph.'.l'-nii. It l» about 14 niiiMin length, and iimlrejdth, au.l very pleafant and ferule ; but its principal ricnc) ctrnfuisin eurra'an. with vvhidi it abounil.. Tiiey are tultivated in Z A R "£"rta'm, .!.c tun has grc.tcr p-v" To bnn" rlKn> t. ixrictt raatuntv. Here l"S tne l^.nc!' F >.c»os m the world, Hire 3VC alio cucu..,Vrs .nd .x^Uu not fo de^r, th. Ugh ih>s .ila„a %vi« t-^r- ^'rlv ."11 or- f.tca.. The n. Nvn cUlcJ y^MC contains near 2o,coo mh.b.tani.. ^rhoulL .re lovv, on acc.o-.K.t 01 the freouenc earthnviaV.es, for fcorc h yL..r damage. The n.u.vcs ffc.. b,, h 0> c. and mlian, though tlarc r,.e s > ttw Roman C«tiv.l!cs among UKm ; 1 ui uicy rinc part of thii Hlard .■. a pracc v.iuh Sake, when trou upon, hke 5 quaguure V in eani,qu3kc. It Urves jnrte.ul o pitc. ,"o.4rrclsinav.arare>:le.lturth^ put- 0«.rc. The .> rapes are cdlc. currant., oe- Corinth. Tiiis iHsnc! b. io,i;;s to tilt \ t- „"''r,s, v.hohave conUaiuiy ag.ve.no rcWini^ in the foruels. There are aoout ist, c 1 i> fcaudon if.e cafiern l,dc ot ■ ^:e, and. an.Uns a g.od harbour 1 he FpM'lh .ind Dutch have each a faJu.y Bitd'confulhcrc. Lun. 21. 3- i^- 'at. 37- ' "i^vV-nPAR, an ifl.mci of the ciftern coaft of Africa, rear Zan^mtxir, between 'ha ,.f Pcmha ami V-ncia, wilh the title of -a ktnvao n. It ..b .unos u, lugur- ca c3 and cnron. Tne ,nlu-,itants are M,ih..n,c,an..Lon. ,S.z;.L.lat 6.oN. Z ^r VI K- A. a province of N. Ameiica, in New SpVin, tx.er.du-;; ^T"'/!;! ^T',' ,incc 0' c;u..>.aca to the gv.lt of Me:aco. It is a mount^^vals lUmy eouutry, but lu- d,irereiit)y ferule "~~Z E A «ow but two n.iles, and the number of the inhabiiantfi not ai>ove 6000. 1 here- are very fine painiiiisS in the chuvchu, done by tl-.c bell mullcrs, ; and tney pre- tend to have ths body of St Simeon, brought from Judoa, and kept in a 1 .nne, with a cryllal before it. Zara .s kated on the i^ulf of Venice, "o miles S. W. o. Jaicza, and .30 S. E. of Vemce. Lon. 16. 6. K. lai.44. 50. T>^- c rr \, Z.VRNATF, a rtrong town of ^l urlcey n Europu, in the r.iorta, agr""Jly '/": of d.rable city of the ' epubhc of \ enic, n Ualmatia, capital of a county of the ian e name, with an arch'vthops ['■-yi .^\ taJ.I, and a h,.'h,ur. It -. feat.- ^r^^ pl.in upon a fm ul pcnin ula, Joined i- the rlt^e^-oy an iflhi.us.f about., p^xc t„ breadth. On tVc |-dc of the ett- c! it 5 "e.-y well l.-rcii.d. Near the cltu uh, ^hirh the « reels cai St. H l:'- '»;'■• '^^''^ £;;dL,eriu>edcouunso,theCort.rdnm ord r. fupp- Ud to h ve been part of the teniorjt:..o. Thi. p!..e was f.rn er. 1 IJuch mnr- c.-nf.den.ble. tlHt .t l.re. ftnt, the drctimftvcncc ot the wil- bem„ cd upon an eminence, 20 inile. w. Z vRNAw, a town of Little Poland, in the p,uaimaie of Sandomir, 63 milts N. of Cvacow.Lon. i'j.^('.E-.i\^- 5'.'3;^- Za-i.AW, a toun ot I/.ttIc Poland, m the ra! uinatc of Vu'hiaia, leutcd on the river H^rin, 13 milci. above Ollrog. Lon. 27, II. E. I'.t. 50. 10. N. Z.viMAR, a ftron;; tov^ii 0/ Upptr Hu i-rrv. capital of a countv of the lame nantt It is ieated on a fmall lake torm- ed by the river Samo», 3° nules E. by b, of Tcekay, and .,50 E. ot Buda. Lon. II. u. E. iat.4:. ;o. N. , , , , Za .OR, a town of Poland, in the pala- tinatc of Cracox ia, and capital of a duchy of the lane name, witn a h.rtifKi came. It is 'eared on an eminence ncac .^^, and 50 S. E. Of RatibT. Lon. U). 4-- ^■'ZBot'owta town of AuKrian Poland, in the pda-inate of Lcmburg, remarkable for the defeat of Jo.ui CuUmir, king of Poland, in .647. I^ i* ^^^'f >^';"";^" Lomburg and Z-iras, 52 nnlt. torn the former, and Zy n- m t.ic latter. Lon. 2;. 46. E. lat. 49- 46- N- , ^ ,1 Zi Ai.ANU, aninardof Denmark, al- m..it of a round form, ibout ■:oo milts tn crcu.iiftrence. It u feated at the en- trance of the Ilallic, and « bounded by the Schigtieraeh Sea on the N. by a ftr u called tlv- Sound on tt.c E- bj 'h"= B^ " tic on the S. and the flrait called thcGrta Belt on the W. It is the Urt,ea «t t.ie Ulcsba.ngmii to the king o DenmarK. It is exceedingly fe.tlei producmg grain of all lorts, and in great plenty ; an.l aiioundmg whh excelled pa!\ure. It is rv.ic-h.ly fatr^ us toi itr. brved of IvtU . (Joprnh.Kcn is n..t only the capital of ih^s tllj.,.!, buvof aiewiii.iekl.^d.Mn. _ ZKALASn, on. of ibe leveti Uni-cd Pr.v.r.c.s of the Netherlands, lep.ratcd bv ti.e feaon the N. from ;h. dies o llnliand ; by tne Sch.ld on uie E. rom Pral;anf, Dv the rio„t from t la dcr. ; anJun the W, it u buanded by t.K <."^f- . man ^,.i..,«i««*io»«*«*<««*'»»^*«^'''^ Z E A ;o uiiles, and the nunibcr of mt'. not anovt 6000. Tliero c painiiiit^s in the chuvctiu, bttl mullcrb ; and they prv- Lvc thK hodv of St Smtiloii, m Judca, ;.r,a kept in a ll.rmc, lal before it. Z.tr.i is Itattd of Venice, "0 miles S. NV.ut .150 S. E. of Vtaice. Lou. ,1.44. 30. 'N. TF, a rtrong town of Turkey in the j^vlmta, agrtLubly Icat- n eniintiice, 20 jniles W. of iw, a town of Little Polan.!, in latc of Sandomir, 63 ""1" N. /.Lon. I'j. -t<. E. lit. 5';'3'^- w, a tcun of I/.ttlc Poland, m natc of Vu'hi.na, l^atcd on the in, 13 miles above Ollrog. Lon. ,. !-.t, 50. 10. N. AR, a ftron;; town of Upper capital of a countv of ihc lame t is Stated on a fmall lake turm- ■ river Siimob, so n"'*^^ ^' "^ '' ay, and 1,50 E. of Buda. Lon. I. iat.4:. ;o. N. ... , iR, a town uf Poland, in the pala- Cracoxia, and capital of a duchy v.nc name, wiin a fiirtifud cattle, ed on an eminence neac tlie."^'e>; Z E A Z E A at the p.!ee where the Skauld it, 10 miUs S. W. ot Cao.vv, S. E. Of RatibT. Lon. »y. 4^- u^owta town of AuKrian P.iland, ,r.la'iviate of Lcmburg, remarkable dtft ;t of J'iii!) Calimir, king ot in ift47. It is feated Utwitn rg and Z>;>ras, 52 nnlts fom the , and IS n' m t.ic latter. Lon. 23. lat. 49- 46- N- , ^ ,1 u.ANU, anin.irdof Denmark, al- ■ a rciind f"rin, about 'oo milts -i» fcrtnce. It u fcated at the cn- of the Ilallic, and is bounded by h iaueraeh Sea on the N. by a ftra.t dv Sound on tU E. by the Bal- the S. and the flrait called the Great 11 the W. It is the lari,ea «t t.ie clmgioii to the kmg of DenmarK. •xceeding;; feitlej producing grain torts, and in great plenty ; and ,d.ng whh cxcclU-.K paUnre. U '■• 4'iriv fax US tot itr, hrvcd cf IvrUs * -,i,.„^v smht iflanJ-;. the two iflands, the r.u.thernmcP. is fi.r tlie nian Ocean.. It comprehend e Sit, flan J, .^.unuun.us and b.nen. As three of vUjch are P-^^'J) ''JB-g ™ f,, i,Ld as the e-e can re.eh, no.hing nanx-sareWalcheren, Schn.er,b.He^e n,<,untains of ftL:^er,do,r, land. N B^-^f^"^' pl^t ■ Kre " c ^f^'.t, conlifting „.' rock, that arc totally Wolferdikc, and St. ^^^^ 'P- T;>^ ^ /'^^ => ' ^.j^^^^ ,,,,,., ^^^ ^^^.^.^^ ,,kewi.e h. or^-n oU^.^, ^^ l^i ^,,^, ,;^^^^ l^„^ the hndbclcrit., on the imofrtance. * "^ - , , , ,• ■ ereatdcal of troul 1= to defend thtn.felves from the cncrn.aiir.er.ts of the fc?._and m keeping v.o then- dikes, in wh'.ch they feaci Tift lb clothed thick h uh wwid, -'.Imoft, down to tie water's ec!>;t. 1 he i-,fir;lKrn- molt iflind has a inucii belter appear. mce : it is, indeed not only hilly, iiui ii.ouutaiii- ous : yet even the liills ard niouutai '^ arc c; vtrtd with wood, and every valley has a espcTid'irreat funs of mmcy. In general, they arc extremelv h.ardly, and eveii ralli, t^^:Zn'^^^^^^^^^^^^ nvuiet <,f e.cell..t wa.cr. 'TI. ..il of foreign nations. J^^ ;, ^^^^.^^^^ ' .ur: 1 li.ht. bt.t fev i;= ; and it h -uppofcd. ''t t? ftriS The"r :t7 Sc&eld that every kind of Kur.pean gr.inr^np. h'rviWp.'Ted-^ Antwerp, divides into --d fruits, wouUl n.unfl, here wKii the h3\ing pp.ien i.y ^ > ,^ luMinancc. The winters are two and holds,a3 ,t ;«''' ''l^' '•;, " /;^^,, ;^,lder tlian m K^n-Innd. and the rummers land oetween Its arm One otur .otlutter, .h.u^h n.ore ^iully waim. .attward, and '''<■• /'' " ^^,'-;;;^;°' i^^;' ' There arc foielf. of va.l ..xtent, full of UA the- filhermcn call Siont. or "^'"t. ^_„^^„,_,^,, ^^_, ^^^^^^ ^.,,,,_,^ f,^ f,^^ '/ealaud is governed m the fame maoi.tr as H'.Uand. and the States are compded of deputies of tue n .bilityi and thile ot the twopnnciraltowir-._ e t> t Zt- ALAND, New, m the S. 1 acuic Ocan. v/as firit dlfcvcred by Talman, in December 16 52. He traverled tae :^Z7l^:^^&^^y^^^ ph:Kdelph;.,^Lchgrows;on|heem f t;,e (Irai^titett and largcft timber, fit for buil'.iiig" of any kind. The trees are cliiclly eneraliy difiingunhcd in onr maps ar.d chir.s by the name .)f Nw 'Zealand. Troin the ; :i:ie ot Ta!- man, iht whcle country, cr.cept l'.\^\ part of iheccail which was fccn by him, ri - mained altogcihcr unknown, and wa- by many fuppoled to n.ohe part of a foatnern contmeiif. tilt the year 177". ^^bcn i; v/.s tircumiunin,ated by captain C-.,k. who found It tnconfirt of two large Ulan.!., fcp;'rittd bv the ft rait abcve-mcntKnitd, i:.!.;\.. t! at jut out into ihe fta, the leaves of which may be uf'.d as tea, aid mitht be an oxcel!ei't f.ibliirutc for that oriental p! .r,t. V\'i!il celcrv, and a kind of crcfils J. row pkniituliy in almoft every cove. Yi.ii'S I'wtet petM'Ocs, and ci:co,i>, arc rc-i''eil by cultivati'm. Captain C ji:k, in 1-7?. i.ian-.ed levtrul fpots of ground with Eiucp'^'.in garilcn fctui; and, in i777t t" fevi-rrtl of nefe ip.-is, aliluio-h totally ne- glci^tcd and ov^ run by weeds, were t.iH. ' c:ibbaj;es, onions, Icek.s purllai.i, r..di'ii;ti., 1 '.iftard, &;c. and a few line po.- tat^es, ^rea !y inipruved by ehi;i,",e il loil. In oihfi plate;, etei V tlung Iwd betnidoVed u'li to make room f-ir teiilf^jia'-y vil'afjes. Xhis t^ur 6r fiv; len -ues b,o,,i, -'» »?•- :;!/ 'I"--.?-';-'; J'E^^'/t^ to which he ;rave his o.-n name ('a the wett tide of this ftrit, in lar. 41'* S. Que-in Cl'«!-i >tt.!"'i S'tind is litUiteJ, which W»,« 'udc a i-.rinnpal place "f icn- deiv '..■- in hi^ riib'e'juent voyages. TUe!e iflands lie between lit. 34" in^^ 4^" p- and km. ifc'>'' and iSo" E. _ Aiotig the tiic fonvier .;re duiuelitc, and for feud; a"d the" lat'er ttrnu'li no', numerous, letm alio to be f.--cn. The blrdh, like ilie vcjct- ablo pr ducliuu-, aru aimod entirely pe- culiat* t.T the country! and thou'h it is d ffici.It t .' fi ilow tlu'iii in the vvii-Js. oa ace. urit of the uiidervv.x.d and c;;n)bin.i nh ,Kcn is n..t only the capital -t tm. | » ^.^^_^,| .^^ ,^^^,^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ j,,^j j,,^i,,,^ j.,., ^ p^j.^^^ (,y .unainm.r m one U bnv of the vviii.'ie ki.^dom. ■ . •' .,J. , , ;,. - ;,tr,,uhna; ex- placw, ll.ay (hoot as many m a da> as will KALANH, one of Uie levetl Uni'ed ■r.c.s of the Netherlands, lepafatcd ,c fe.t on the N. from .ht jHes of liis of wood and water. There are alio Icvcral nver* c,'i;i:'b'e of rcccivini,- hrge vclTels, in which the fprngt^^e- rifes near ten ftct pe'f :iidi.t'.av!y. C. placm ll.ay (hoot as many in a da) as wiil fcrvr fr' li.^ or ci^ht others. Cpptain Cook iinr'>duceu Kurup-fu ii-uhry, and, on h'i I'll vilit, had ihti rdthf.u''.'.ion frt find tiiein iiicrtslt.(l. bntli in a wild and Jji-.u. .- li.tt, bevci.d ,'.■ danger ■:' bcin^ t.-ec ^A'Heji'asmh i fc w-^- *^ „!gff«yj >UMUJ m Wi TYTK ITEL • >A Xht-.r creeks fwariti Tlte canoes are mere decorated, tl.epl?n- .vi,hf.(lK^h.c, arc "°\,^"'y;y'^^^^^^^^ ;„d rawing f.ncr, than any where ell.. ^n,vo,nallydehetous^v.h thole of Eur. ^^^^^^^ .nu g ,^^ ^^^ ^^_^^^^^.^j ^,^_^^^ The rocks arc turmlhedwuh great .n. -^ « P„ ^; ,^ \^^^^ „, ;„ i,,g, ,i,icsof -^""-^""'^:'iZXana tr,bos, ai.d cad? in a lUte.of^perpetua! which nu .lures above f/;°' >" f ^'^'i^; ,,onility with all the reft. For luch con- vithgrc-atvTtcty of other fneM.n^^^^ t.nUal \vars, and the inhuman banqua „,cn arc ftouc, ^^'-■"- "''f ' ,f,r,u, ,„Volcnt that is the conUqu.nct cf viftory, am'.nj; none of thetn --.rulcn , '' :'• '^. ^ ^^^ '^."^ « ucoplc in otherVclpea. mild and gentle. and 1"'^""""^''^^''' ^'1^ ;L.f Seed- pcrh.ps no better reafon can be alhgned, ,Uc Society llles; and they a.ccMoexce^^^^^ p P^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^.^^^ ^^^,^_ „^ ingW vigort.us an.l afl.ve. j^'^^ "^"';" -„• j^^ ^^^^ perpetuated by hao.t, i„^;eneral arelmalerthanth .un b, "J^ty ^^^^^^^^ by Revenge. From their pelVcfltnt; few P^y^'^f. j^"'"?. iVhTthi fcamy flock of vegetables, if tlle.r hil.mg Verio.., and chielly . diftrngutjud by tht fcamy ^^k^ ^^ ^^,.^^^^^ ^^^.^.^ Iftnels of thetr ^"'"f- ..^';^,Xfiains ablolute famine. Hunger, it .s certam, both fexes are "^.'^^^^^'^ , 'f^'j; ^io^^^ even anmng civilized nations, w.il ab- called «"^-f '.;^'^-'^V'f,;i'di',ris a the forb every feeUng ; it is then no wonder JBg at Otaheite. Tlitir "f''^ '* « , jf ■ j^ould do fo among lavages; and he, fame : .t conf.ftso anoblonggarm nt I out ^^_ ^^^^^^^ ^6^^^ ^^^^^^ ,^^ ^^ five feet long and lour broad. Tl^yln^ , . 11 cafilv be induced to k.ll when he xwo corners of th>. P]'^'r^^^.^\^^ nr, to'cat. Upon the whole, there >s Ihouldcrs, r.nd faftcn u *;';/' "'^,,7"" ,ittle ruuf-i to doult that thefe people arc t'l- other parts, whicU covers iiic "'-";» , , «nd .bout the belly it is again tied w.^^^ "ze i^o, a kingdom of Africa, in « g-wdle of mat. They, o.nament the r " ',^j ', • \i,, ^Iver Niger, by lids with feathers, P=«;;-«\^"^'/^; ^k": vhicht is IcLf ted from ilie kingdom ut &c. The women lometimcs v^ ear neck vva ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ . laces of Ihark.' teeth, or bunch s of long Catena . ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ j^. beads made of l"!"*^ ."J- f l^, J ' nd ferts. It confifts 'partly of plains and part- houks are m.lerable '°''f "S P'^':" ' ^^ , „^. „,^,„n,«i,.s. The httcr are extreme- their only furniture >s a few malUalKts y t ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ -....^X.uU^ ■"\:'i?tlet' ^?,^:^^^S:&^ i>ot; b^t abou.^ with water, and arc ex- :?^L:tuh wll,, in.c^ of ^ they ^^^^g^^;^^ , ,„,„^p Certnany, tat therout of akmd uMcrn, uiiiciiiity •c rc'n over the nre, and then brat vv.tU a Sc^nU the br-tk, or ch-youtfulc, tails o,. Sdc their dogs, thev alio conmvc o k 1 b.rd, ; and in nv,H parts of the nor- tl^rn tfland, they have Uvcct potatoes, Soas. and yams; bt>t m the louthern nothing is r.uicd by .^^""^■"^;^:;;;. ,; " j „,^u ot tuc .an.e ....... ..^.. -- -.,:- cookery coniiiU >vb>' '.. m roalimg and u or^ ^_ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ „3V,ing^ wh.h latter « P^.'"/;"-'-;^! ;; ^f;*! ^'^^ ,. a iLdlome town of Gcrniany, f.me manner as at Otr.hcuc. 1 n c v ,^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^_^^, ,,^,1 in the lanJgravi^te of HefTe CafTel. 30 n;i!cs S. of the town of Caffel. Lon. 9. I.;. R. bit, so. 5i-'^- , — , . -c ZuiTON, a town of Turkey in Eu- rope, ill Jani.a, uitli a cattle and an arcii- bi,hoi>'s lee, though a Gnall pbrc, ani thin of pc.:plc. It IS leuted on a hiU, by :< -ulf of the fame name, near the river .,l.f.rved .nr.ng 'I-'"- ""^ ''^ "'""^,"e i: W every where aprarcnt. Vrom Ca^c Kidnapper., in lat. >.. 43- f"-" "PW;jHl ..f eifhty le-...ue5 to tl c n.;.thward, the rc.ple acknowluigc one lovcv.-gn, rabeJ ^\;^tu, and under bin. ^.^e.■Mub.rd..nuc cn-fs -bo pr.Wuly ..lu„n.i>.r j.M.,ct. ., d to wh<.m gre.t .elpcti is pn'.'.; ; but v^hethcr his aut'.-r.rity he bereJ.ury m Je- U,,.tea is uncertain. Th.s pa, t -.f the CMft hmiuh.hemoarr.l.nts;tnrn;e,we.^- i„L'. «r.d th. ciher arts ot peace. Umist l,..e be.l kno^n, and luolv praeu.ed. Zn.i., a firong town of Germany, in the circle uf Lowi-r Saxony, and e.-.ital ot a dudiv of the fiine name, wnih devolv- ed t.) ti.e h'.uie cf HLU.over. by marnagc with the bcircfs. Iv is I'.rrounded l>y d;;chcs ;k-.K! raaiparl., on x^hich are plant- tdcheC.uu ...unimt:-tre.<. It is a (mall town, with'Ut trade of manulacturca. The hur.:..s arc old, and <.f a mean ap- n.,,«nce 1 bul the hifeh courts ot appeal U all thu ternt..-iie» of the tleclural Iwu.e \ are mere decorated, the pi?n- fc nunurous, and the clothes finer, than any where ellt. Farts, they art fcattt.icd alom; In fingle families, or in largu J each in a liate of perpetual lith all the rtft. For luth con- rs, and the inhuman bdn(juet [conlnjutnct cf victory, aiti'mg other rel'pedli mild and gentle, better reafon can be afligned, Iwha at lirft originated in nc li been ptrpetuaitd by hsuit, Irated by revenge. From their Ik of vegetables, if tl»t»r ftihing I, thty have no refnurce againft amine. Hunger, it is certain, ma; civilized nations, will ab- fetiing ; it is then no wonder d (!o fo among lavages ; and he, mti; learned to eat what he kills, be induced to kill when he cat. Unun the whole, there is ii to doubt that thele people arc ';, a kingdom of Africa, in d, lying en the river Niger, i^v is Icparated from the kingdom Jf on the E. it has that of Zanfara ; Benin; and on the W. the de- confifts partly of pUins and part- iimtains. The latter are extreme- \vhil.: the former are intolerably I abound with water, and are e.\- y fruitful. HKNHKiM, a town of Germany, landgrav^te of Heffe Caffll, 30 oi the town of Caffel. Lon. q. :if. 50. 52. N. ON, a town of Turkey in Eu- Janua, with a cafilt; niui an arch- fee, thoiijih ;t fiTiall plirc, antt )Ci.plc. It IS fe-ited on a hill, ly :i th.c fame naiuo, near the river , fifty niiles S. E. of Larilia. /,, a liandlome town of Germany, irdeof Upper Saxony and duchy nburg. It has a caflle, and a well- ed college. ]r is feated on the ler, ic, miles b. W. of Leipfiek, ii. of Erfort. L.jn. 12. 8. £. lat. N. ., a ftrong toun of Germany, in c lif Lowlt S.ixony, and CMiial of of the frim: niinie, wni-li Otvolv. c h'^iiie cf Hui;ovcr, by in;irriagfi c Lcircfs. Ji is f-.rrounded by iiu! r.i;iiparti, on which are plant- ui iind Iii-n(;trc(r(. Jt is a fniall ivith'iit trade or iii.inufacturei. u:..s arc old, and t,( a mean ap. ; 5 bill ihc hi^U cmns 'if appeal lu lenit'.rie* of the decturai hwufe Z I A of Brunr.vick -Lunenburg arc held here, and the inhabitantb derive their principal mer.ns of fubRfleiice from this circuin- Itance. The principal church is a hand- fome llrufture, adorned with ftnceo work. The caftic is a ftatelv building, lurrounded by a moat, and ftronglv fortified. It was formerly the refidcnce of the dukes of Zell, and was repaired, by order of the king of Great Britain, for the rcfidence of his un- fortunate fifter, the queen of Denmark, who died here. Zell is fcated on the river Allcr, 31 miles N.W. of Brunfwick, and 47 &. by W. of Lunenburg. Lon. 10. 12. 1. lat. 52. 49. N. Zell, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and marquifate of Bad^n, in Ortnaw. It is an imperial town, un- der the prctcftion of the noufe of Auftria, and the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. It is featcd on a lake of the fame name; otherwife called the Zeller See, which is an inferior branch of the lake of Con- rtance, 15 miles S. of Baden, and 41 S. W. of Stutgard. Lon. 8. 8. E. lat. 48. 22. N, Zf.mbla, Nova, a very large ifland, lying in the Northern Ocean, to the N. of Ruflia, from which it is feparated by the ftrait of Waigate. It has no inhai)i- tants, except wild beails, pirticubrly white foxes, and bears. In 159;, a Dutch veflel was caft av.'ay on the coaft, and the ftip's ao/npany were obliged to winter here j but they did not fee the fun from the fourth of November to the beginning of February, and had great difficuhy tu keep themfelves from being frozen to death. Zemlin, or Zemplin, a town of Upper Hungary, capital of a county of the fame name, featcd on the river Bo- ^'°S' *5 "I'les S. E. of Cafiuvia, and 27 N. E. of Tockay. Lon. 21. 35. E. lat. 43. 36. N. ZF.RBST,a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Upper Saxony and prmcipality of Anhalt, capital of a diftrift of thit name, on the confines of the duchy of Magde- burg, with a caftle, where tite princes commonly refide. It is a hatidfome place ; the inhabitants are partly Lutherans and ptirily Calvinifts, and are famous for brew- jng good beer ; but it is remarkable that the women are more concerned in brew. Ing it than the men. It is 27 miles N. W. of \V'itiemt>er^,, and fubjt, and. 18 S. VV. of Briel. Lijn. ^. 10, E. lat. 51.36. N, ZiTTAW, a h^ndfomt toun of Gcr- manv, in Lufatia, on the frontiers of Bohemia, and lubjeft to the tlertor of Saxony. It is lurrounded oy a di tible wall, and has cud half int ons, ditehri, and bailioii'.. The houles are built ia the modern lafle. Befide the fuhurbs and hindl.'inc gardens that furround it on all tides, theie arc a number ul fine villa--, ges that dt ii-nd thereun. The principil bufmcfs of tiie inhabitants » brcwinjj beer ; i C bm Z.0 CL Z U I y^ ther. are above ,00 clMWfS. «a' ij « '^^^^T^ £ ,^J^ ^^S'^f "tidr with thofe of l^^gJSi* -4^!^; '"tftllvnoKF. a villa,, m Gkm».y. fick, and extend iheir comtfterct x»f*>J^ « j,^. ^,, Bnncienburg. Holia«a. . Th. ca,l.edral W^ 2L^^^ vh.r o«-th. rsth of Av.,uft .T>>»? .'^^^tfj'';;! Jl" of it had been diffolved by the heavy caftle, thouj.h very ancient, in ^vt 'ch are a p . ^^^^ ^^^ ,.j^^ ^^^^ ^ i^^td great many P.ga«ant,qu.t,c_s It ,. ieatcd ^^^^^ ^^^^ refembling ice.. Tn the river Tave, i+ m.lcs »• '^^ • «/ "Tzokki a, a town of Africa, .n Fer- B mn. and n N. of Vienna. Lon. .6. A^^^^^^^ ..^ ^ ^.^^^^ ^^ retjarkable AC. E. lat. 4«. ?«■ N- , .f. „ ,v,^ frrnliiv in which the remnants of ancient ''zo^RA. a town of Africa, on the f^lf^y^'^^^^^^^^,,,r.iUzeofrh.f- c..'^ of Barbary. It « Wtihed and has b iiW nt , ^^^ ^^^^^^,-^.,„„ „f ,he vaulted a eood h-Arbour, 60 miles W . of Ir^'ou. te . j^^ ^^ repofuories of Lon. M. SS.E.l"-3-4-.N. ::;';Xit fuch veftige, of ancient ZoFFiNCEN, an ancient and \um ^ rn, probsbly attraft and fo:.ctowninSwtfferland,,ntneC^n.on J^'; -^J^";. - ^ thc^tten:ion of f-.ture of Ban, three miles from Arharg. t h^J'V . ^ ^j,,, p,. ^rf M°;- ^'j^;„'e' and conlidcrnbk nufcript*. It is fcated near a large fore«, Zl(. * .^-X.!, capital cf a canton "vh'ch contains the beft pme-treos m all ^-^^^J^^^^^ ..Ja on th. td^c .f Swifferland. The inhabit.msenj.y great- ^ ^^^^.^""^^^ , fertile vallcv, er immunities than any other place m the ^^^^^J^-^^ ,:,„, pafture, and wood. "vbole canton. Tr.ey have the.r own n.a- ' ^' "^"-5^^ ft,,,, ,J,i, w«s on the u^e giftrate. ; and, what is P^'^^^'^'^V''' S > .bt^^k-. was fwall-nved up, and there- courw of iuftice, both civil and cnmmai, "^ in • . ^^^ eminence. S dedde m the kft refort. without a« 5^;^^>,.^tvcr7 fine Ufcs, Imndfoine TppeaUoBen.. The tow" co«a,ns.b«u. 1 .^^^^^^^^^^^^^ , ^^d townhnufo. It is * ZOLLERN. a town of .G"rnany,^n ;^n^rk.b^^ .^^ ^j^^. ^^^.^^^j, ,, the circle of Suabia wh.cn l?v" n?^f .^1,^ J ho tutelar faint of this pl.ro totheprincipali^yof^ohen-Zollcrn.x^ft.^ tu^y.^^ ^^ ^.^ „f I,,„,rn, an:! U 37 miles in lj«iR«h, and .7 •".'I'^J*^; f "^s f . of Banl. Lon. 8. .6. E. lu. and is a very ferjile country. The prince 41 s. r ■ of Holun-ZoUcrn U hereditary chamber- 47- >o.^'. ^^^ ^^,„,,„, „r s,viH-!cr. lalu of ih. empire. The pace is little 'f * J; , ,,,, [... ,„a N. by that eire.but a c.ftleV built on a mountam. . ^'^J^'^^ 'the W. by that of Lu- , miles. S. of Stuigard. Lon. 9. 8. E. Ut. ^'^^'-"^"^^j ^^^ p,^^ Province.-, •■■(T-p the ^o. E.lat. 47. «o-N- America German Ocean, -which eXHftd^ from 6, .j&oc^uti, a. proviuct of N. Amerjca, ^..crmiu w , ^^ tl» -.^tiiXtsmrr-rv, ZU I [isin, «n<^ in the government on the 'ronticrs of that of ^t proJucej plenty of filk and RF, a villaf"- in Oermany, w marchc ct Brandenburg';, h« rjth of A-.icuft i-?8, the ulfia, after r i;n Ohvtld, a Snxon l\lng thum'icrliniJ, in the fevcnth ceru i tha tutelar faint of this p!.>ro. ti miles N. K. of I.nccrn, atv! P.. of Batil. Lon. 8. 16. E. Lit. *N. ;, (Hie of the c\n'on'( of S.viiTtr. lounik'd on the I'.. ;ind N. bv that rich ; "rt the W. by that of Lu- tid the Frcfi Provincen ; ■ ■i'T'p the that of SJvv'>i'7. 1 hf inh ibifjnts irr. 1" L'dVbi>Hf N. £. of Crolfen. Lon. 16. ix. S. lai. c,i,ji. N. Zi'LPMA, a towrv of Perfia, almoft dole to Ifprfhan, to which it is a fort of Duhurb, and fepaiated from it by , the river Sandcrou. It is peopled by a colo- ny of Armcnianii, wlio were brought into i'erfia by Shah Alibas, It is an archbi-. ihnp's ice, and contains fcvcral churches and monaAerici. . Zl'LI'ICH, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Jiilicrs, belonging to the archbilhop of Coloj^ne ; fcatcd un the river NuiVel, 10 miles S. of Julicrs, and 10 W. of Bonn. Lun. 6. 40. £. lat. 50. 46. N. Zurich, an ancient, large, and po- pulous city of Swilllrland, capiral of a canton of the fame name. It (lands at the northern extremity of the lake of Zurich, and occupies both fides of the rapid and tranfparent Limmat, which \\- fues from that lake, and divides the town into two unequal parts, which commu- nicate by three bridges. It was formerly an imperial city, and a one of the bell built in thi« c'!)untrv, but the ireets are narrow, and the houfts high. The ca- thedral was founded by Charlemagne, and is adorned with a ftatue of that em- peror. Zurich was the firft town in SwilTetland that feparated from the church of Rome, btiiig converted by the argu- ments of Zuinglius. The two divifions cf Zurich are calU-d the Old Town and tht Sul)urbs. The former is furrounded by tlie fame ancient battlements and tower* that exilled in the ijth century : the lat- ter are ilrcngthened by fortilications in the modern ftylc, but they are too extenfive. The arfenal is well fupplied with cannon and amiuuniricn, and contains miifajets for 50,000 men. Among the charitable foundjtions in this town are an orplian- kaufe; an hol'pital for incurables; that for the fiek of all nations which ufually con- tains between 6 o or 700 patients ; and the Allm'-»fen- Anu, or foundation for the poor, which puts out children as apprentices, and dirtributes money, clothes, and books of devotion, to poor perfons-, not of the town only, but. of the canton, to the amount of ofward of :oool. a year. They have,ljiV9rat,.nianufai^. contamed i74.';7i fouls, includmg 10,50010 the capital. The fo- vereign po'ver refidcs exclufivcly in the bur^jelTo of the town, confifting of about iooo. Thele ire divided into i) tribes, one of whfih is ch' ,:d the Tribe of Nobles, although, at prclcnt, j.-t ajfulutely con- fined to perfons of chat v,i fcription. The Icj^iflarivt authuriiy it v* Y'^ 5.' irencral. It is liiat- ftored it to .he ^•'^''■ll 't the rivers Dcventcr, and r'?'^- """,,, . ^. dam. L°n-'^-°-P-^V,fau United ZuTPH.N. a conn y/ ^^f,„j^., „„ Pvovir.ccs, m 9''fY'=^Y'''jj,-,a, KP.rucs ^^,''•'^;'u:•"^:^^h!w:c^^ '^%Z\cKO^^■, a town of Ccmany, in Id is handlome town. Ic.rcd on tU. . l/i u Tlic niace ui.uo the 10- hab tants are bunra is in » therefore it is commonly fav.l, tiut tliey thererovL n. >» , ^ ^urtland- are ?^.ln.ans wh k al >«=. h^ ^^ ^ .^^^ . ers after they arc ilcaa. n H. E. of Pl.wcn, ana .5 ^J "■_ ^!"-» Juris. l.~.v..:z.:t.)^.ir..ryo.^,.t*. jrmanv 'line and t, eiuhr ZWIN'CENBURG. a tOW in the circle of the Upp landgr.vate of H^ffe Pv m^lfs S. of Darmftadt, and £r„rL,;;i. .a^-c.~i,;tt YfTcl. ehjht miles S.K. of campe'. five S. of llaffclt. Lon. 6. .0. E. lat. ''■zVorTH. a town of I--er H.in- ,«l -<^ N W. "f Effeck. It IS a very £ir7nu';:f'wL:l:"irwa;be.eged ir. 66. by Solvm^n II. emperor of rne TuVk.Nn'^ taken three days a^c. h.s death ; but was af'";"'^'^, "^ ^a" 46 the Auftri.ms. Lon, 18. 5'- *^- ''*' ^ "V^'cKTH, a county of L^^ver "un- ^IfeparUdfromScUvonia y^th^^^ river Drave on «lie &• ^» • ' r; ,,„ ^. b, ,1,. i"VZ"Si >."""' iioE.of Lucko. Lon. 29- "• ^- *" 50. 33-N. T H « END. ..><* ^fsgmmipiB^^ Z Y T BURG, a tow armativ of the llpp '"ne ^"'^ ,f Heffe P.v '. «'«»;. Darmftadt, and i» N. o. I ftrong town oF the United m Ovcryffcl, and m the !;.ubnt. It is a hatidlomc, rich town, dofendert by ,ti...ii. ; H'ld tiie canal, whicli this pl'i"' •"'^* ""r ' "{ ffcl. is defended by leveral cr diftances from c^ch other. ,he mountain of St. Asjnes . v-as formerlv an AuftUtbne ■ which Th<,mas 4' Kemp.* ars, and died in I47i- '« ■W an imperial and hanleatic is ad^antagcoufly feated on ce, on the rivers Aa and t miles S. K. of Campe.^ and Haftclt. Lon. 6. «o. E. lat. „ a town of Lower H'm- "^1 of a conntv of the fame don amoraC; made l.y the n ^.o miles N. of the Dravc. W. of Effeck. 7t IS a very „, and is defended by a c.ia- ndcd by three walls, and three .11 of water. It was befieged, bySolvmanll. empemr of tne 7d taken three days after h.s "ut was afterward retaken b/ .l.,„,. Lon. .8. 5"'- E- l"'- ^^■ TH, a county of L'^^^" """" parated from ScUvon.a by the Le on .he S. W. on the N. be lake Balaton, and "" «^i^f„• '^^ ties of Alba Regahs and rolna. ,M,Eliz, a town of P"'^"''; '" „ ,,ated on the river C,ec.r,tf, ; W. of Kief, or K..OW and of Lucko. Lon. 29- "• *" '"' N. k are, the World, phceJ siA, Africa, and North their reJ^eSlive Vejcripttm. ■ ■' 'J' . ' ■ "