^, tc^ \^r2^ ,.^ \V \n5 IMAGE EVALIVATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe <^ 1.0 I.I If 1^ IM i^ IS It 1*0 1.8 1.25 1.4 IE -^ 6" — ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation v <^ i\ i lo^ :\ \ o^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872.4503 'Jb^ i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIViH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques I Tschnical imd Bibliogrtphic NotM/NotM MchniquM at MbHographiquM The Inttitut* has attMnptsd to obtain tha boat original co|»y avaHaUa for filmlno. Faaturoa of thia copy which may ba bibliofiraphicaliy unlqua, wMch may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduetlon, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, arc chackad balow. D D E2I D D Colourad covers/ Couvartura da coulaur r~~1 Covors damagad/ Couvartura andommag4e Covars rastorad and/or iaminatad/ Couvartura rastaurAa at/ou palileulAa r~| Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua •d maps/ gtographiquas an coulaur •d ink (i.a. othar than blua Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noiral □ Colourad maps/ Cartas rn Colourad ink (i.a. othar than Mua or black)/ rn Colourad platas and/or iiiustrationa/ D Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rali4 avac d'autraa documents Tight binding may causa shado%vs or distortion along interior margin/ La raiiura sarrAa paut causar da i'ombra ou da la distortion la long da la marga intMaura Blank iaavas addad during restoration may appear within tha text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ 11 se peut que certaines pages blanchee eJoutAee lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans ie texte, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces peges n'ont pas «tA fiimias. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmantairas: L'Institut a microfllm4 ie meilleur exemplaire qu1l lui a 4t* poaaible de se procurer. Les d4tails da oat exempMra qui aont paut-Atre uniquae du point de vue bibHographique, qui pauvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exlger une modlflcatkNi dans la mithoda norinala de fllmage nn Coloured pages/ D D D D D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pagee endommagtes Pages rest o red end/oi Pagee rastauriaa at/ou pelHcuMea Pagee discoloured, stained or foxe4 i*agae dAcotortea. tachaties ou piquAea Pages deteched/ Pages ditachAas r~l Pages damaged/ r~~| Pages rest o red end/or laminated/ □ Pagee discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pagee [~n Pages deteched/ P o fi Oi b« th si« ot fir si< or Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ QuaHt* inigale de Umpression Includes supplementary material/ Comprand du matiriel suppi4mentaire Only edition available/ Beule MMon dlaponlbla Pegee wholly or partially obscured by errata sHps. tissues, etc.. have been refiimed to enaura the best possible image/ Lea pagee totaiement ou partieliement obacurdes par un faulHet d'errata, une pelure. etc.. ont 4t4 fllm4es A nouveau de fa^on A obtenlr la meiNeure image possible. Th sh TH wl Ml dif em bei rigl ins This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est f llmA au taux de rAductton indiquA d-deeaous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 2SX aox v^ 12X 1AX anc MX 2BX ax Th« copy fllm«d har* has b««n roproducad thanks to tha ganaroaity of: Library Division Provincial Archivtt of British Columbia L'aiiamplaira film* f ut raproduit grica * la g^nArosit* da: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and iagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apacificationt. Laa imagaa suivantaa ont At* raproduitat avac la plus grand aoin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da I'axamplaira filmA. at ^n conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Original capias in printad papar oovars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original capias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad imprassion. Las axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura un papiar ast imprimis sont film*s an commandant par la pramiar plat at m* tarminant soit par la darnMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmAs 1% commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darniAra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Tha last raco7dad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol -^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichavar applias. Un das symbolas suivants apparaltra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbols — »> signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbols V signifia "FIN". Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. iaft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, planchas. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atra filmAs i das taux da reduction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant ast trap grand pour Atra raproduit mn un saui clichA. il ast filmA A partir da I'angia supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita. at da haut •!% bas. an pranant la nombra d'imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 32X ■ 1 2 3 4 5 6 No. I. INDIAN BULLETIN FOR 1807. (XI.NTAIM.Mi A UlllEir ACCOUNT OF THE NORTH AMEIUCAN INDIANS, AM> TDK INTERPRKTATIOK OF MANY INDIAN NAMKS. BY KEY. N. W. JONKS. NEW YORK: PIIINTED BY C. A. ALVOUD, 18(i7. T^ \l , V.I This jianiplilt't is i:»sae(l to snbsoribors, for the purpose of do- fniying in part the cxponso of an cft'ort to establisli a National I'rofessorsliip of In-lian Latiijuai^cH and Archajolocfy. The corn-ct interpretation of a single Indian na)ne often requires inoiitli3 of labor. lliere are a few interpretations in this pamphlet which may be incorrect. These will l)e amended in tlie liiilletin for IHC^. The iinliin IJuUetin for ISOH will continue the interpretation of Imliun names nnd give an account of the ancient Chinese voyages to tiiis continent. Knteri'il ni'i'iinlliis to int nf t'limrrivis. In tlu' vi -ir lMi7. Hv N. W. .lO.NKS. Ill thr Clirk's O.llcf i(f the Dlttrirt ( «iiiil i.f llic fnltcii SUitts f..r the Soiithurn DUti'lul of Ni-w \«rk. INDIAN lU LLETIN. *' Wklcomk, AvclcoiiH', Eii(l on their arrival upon the shores of tlie Now Workl, by thi? uoWe and gcncroiis native. Further south, the beautiful Poeahontas saved the life of (!a])tain Jolin Smith, and her countrymen furnislied ])rovlsl()ns to sustain tiie Infant colony of \'ir^inia. In New York, in Rhode Island, and Avherever the iirst settlers of this continent came, Indian storehouses wore opened to sup])ly th<> wants of faniishin<^ adventurers. Th(\v furnished food, shelter, land, trade, and wealth to hundreds and thousands. Who was this Indian who nursed the infancy of this tcreat nation i He was a man made in the imaj^e of God, and once sole proprietor of tills vast continent. He was a true friend, a l)rav(! warrior, generous in disposition, and a devout worshiper of the Great S})lrlt. lie had a languafre more copious than any in the known world. He was an ehxiuent orator, a skillful nM'chanic. a successful i)hyslclan. a ])ract!cal farmer; and the native Mexicans were more accurate astronomers than either the ancient (xreeks or Romans. This race Is fast i>assin^ awa}' ; but th(;y have left a literature, written by the early missionaries, ftir more <'o})ious than the Hebrew, and almost every stream, vaHev, and mountain commemorates their existence. • TUrnAL DIVISIONS. The Indians of North Amerl(;a, east of the Mississippi, and north of the (fulf of Mexico, have been divided into five great divisions. 1 (j D 8 4 1. The Eskimnn.v. a. The Athui)ascas. 3. Algonkin Lcnaix'. 4. Tnuiuoin, or Six Nations. ' C). Soutlu'rn Indians, Cn'<«k!?, Cherokoos, Clioctns, Chicasas, and kindred tiilw's. Tlio most numerous family of nations, tlie iMj^onkins, lias l)eon thus classilied : NOIJTIIKK.V ALOOXKIXS, Knistinaux, Chij»pc'\vas, Ottawas, Potowotamies, Mis- sissagues. NOimiKASTKItX, including tlie Algonkins of Labrador, tlie Micmacs, tho Etchemins, and tlie Abenakis. EASTKIIX, OK ATLANTIC ALGOXKlXSj occupying tho country between the Saco River, in Maine, and Cape Ilatteras, in North Carolina. These were, first, the New England Indians, embracing thePequods, of Connecticut : the Narragansetts, of llhode Island ; the Pawkunnawkuts, or Wampanoags, mostly within the bounds of the Plymouth colon}'. The Massa- chusetts. The Pawtuckets, north and northeast of Mjussachu- setts, the chief tribe of which were called Pena(!ooks. Delawares and Mijisi, between the Hudson and Dela- ware Rivers. The Susquehanocks, on the Susfjuehanna River. Powhatansof Virginia, consisting of thirty-four tribes, speaking the same language, and numbering ten thousand? souls. Pamlicos, of North Carolina, extending as far south as Cape Ilatteras. ■i^ WKSTKUN I,i:\AI»K, •'iiibraciiiii th«; MiiimiH, Illinois, Sliawiicos, Sjuikis, Mi'uouu'nit's. IU(KH'<»If< TUIBKS. Northvni and Southern Iroquois. Tlu»X()rtlH'niw»'r«» — First, thfFivv Nations, consistinj? of tlir MoliJiwks, Ont'idas, Ononda^as, the Cayuj^as, and tin' S(^'nt'caH. S Lako Eric won; the Five Nations. l>e Tjaet thus ennnieratea the tribes aloufj; the Hudson River: The Manliattans and Packandns, alonj? th(> eastern bank, below the llij^ldands ; tin; Waroanekins, on the <»astern, and the Waranancoiifryns, on the western bank, both in the vicinity of Kinj^ston. Above them he places th«' Manikans, on the eastern bank, and oj)posite them the Mackwes (MohaAvks), their hen'ditary enemies. LOXr. ISLAND. The tribes upim Lonp: Tslan Delawares, or Leni Lenapc". It was among thts«» that William Penn founded his colony, and, by treating the natives Avith Jus- tice, formed a chain of frientlship betAveen the Quaker and the Indian, Aviiich remains still unbroken. NeAV Jersey Avas Avholly occu])ied by tribes of the DehiAvare confederaty. Among thes(^ AVere liie Kaiitans. Ilackensacks, Pomptons, and Minisinks. The colon}' of NeAV Jersey treated the Indians Avith uniform Justice, and fairly purchased tlieii- lands of tli(3 native proprietors. AHTS OF TIIK INDIANS. Fiv Tlu'y wt'i'*' nkillcd in ap^iicultnrc— cultivating corn, l)eans, s(iu«s1h's, and tobacco, on IVrtilc lands, and h-av- Uv^ tlic barren as i)j»,'ituragu for doer, and other wil*l animals. They were in«;cniou8 artisans, as tlicir bows, arrows, ax«*s, i)ottciy, and other household utensils, bejir witness. Their cancK's of various kind", mats, head-dresses, and garments, adorned with feathers and T)eads, testify to both their skill and their tasti'. They were excellent jdiysicians, having a knowledge of many ])lant9, roots, and sjiecies of bark, which were very useful as remedies. Koger Williams and Ib'cke- welder ])oth assert that the Indians excelled in tlie healing art, in regard to those diseases whi(^h were common among them. I)u Pratz, the French historian of Ijouisiana, says that he was cured of a painful disr'ase of the eye in ten days, by Indian physicians. He also mentions several cases of sickness cured by the Indians in a few days, which baffled the skill of the best French i)hysicians in Ix)ui- siana. They displayed great ingenuity in trapping wild ani- mals. Sometimes a herd of lifty or sixty deer were driven into a small inclosure, a i)()rtion of tliem killed, and those most suitable for ])erpetuating the race spared. They were careful not to exterminate any species of game. They liad a mode of preparing condensed food, by parching and pounding their corn, then sifting and mix- ing it with mai)le sugar. A single spoonful of this parched meal was, according to the testimony of Roger Williams, sufficient for a man's meal. It would, no doubt, be very serviceable to soldiers on long marches, in a modern cam})aign. In war they exhibited unexampled bravery. A'er}' fcM' Indians have been known to be cowards. Friendly 1 8 and Christian Indians ])robal)ly savcfl tlu' New England roloniea from cxtrnnination in tin* time of Kin^ Philip'H war. In our lato contest, an Indian servod witli distiu- guislu'd honor on (fem-ral (Print's Staff, In tlicir dom«'8ti(^ rehitions tlu'y Vivvf quite as happy as their European conquerors. Whatever the lius])and procured by huntiii;; belonjjced to tlie wife; and what- ever tlu^ wif' raised in the liehl beh)nged to th(? hus- band. The boys Avere early trained to liunt and fisli, and the <;irls, to raise corn and Aveav«' mats. Chihlren were ttiuj^lit to respect thi' aj^r'd, New corn-fields were usually l)roken uj) by a mirthful gathering of all residing in tho vicinity. (U)VKKXMKNT. Their (rovernment was of the ])atriarchal kind, consist- in<; of chiefs and counselors, and was j'dmirably adapted tc men in the hunter state. Thev had a svstem of law analofjous to the common law of Fhigland, founded upon inmiemorial custom. Murderers AVere punished by tho nearest r»'lative of the deceased. The declaration of war and treatir's of peace Avere accompanied Avith ap})roj)riate ceremonies. No Indian Avas allowed to marry in his oAvn tribe. The succession to the chieftainship AA'as governed by special laAvs. Among many tribes, a son could not succeed his father as chief, because his mother AA'as a foreigner. ORIGIN OF THE INDI.\NS. They probably (!anie to America in very early times, but by Avhat rout<.', it is difficult to ascertain. The first people of this continent undoubtedly consisted of those driven ui)on the coast by accident, by shipAvreck, by drifting canoes, and by floating ic('bergs. It is probable that in Mexico, Central America, and along the Pacific coast, a great variety of tribes Avere landed upon the shores of Ameri(;a either by accident or design. To Mexico or California canH' ChincH*? sliljw in the yoar 4r)8 of onr era, and tlu' conntry is calli'd Kaii San^ in Cl»in«'s«' ^fo^rai)hit'9. The L.'»''*"rn coast (»f CV^ntral Ame- rica and Mt'xico are supposed ' have been visited by PhdMiician or Carthaginian shipt^ in very early times. Many Carthaginian shi s, v <> are told in history, passed beyond tlu' River Lixiis (S'^'negal), and never returned. Some of these may ^"ive got into the trade- Avinds, which blow fnmi tl»" t^aiiary Islands to the Carib- bean S<'a, and lx*en wafu'turning, communicat(>d infornuition which laid the foundation of the story of Atlantis. In some way a knowledge of a great country, beyond the pillars of Hercules, larger than Europe or Asia, had reached th(» priests of Egypt live huudn^d years b. c. About that tinie the fact was made known to Solon by an ?jgyi)tian pri<'st, and a brief a(!count is given of the country by Plato and other authors. In the days of Solomon, king of Judea, his ships made voyages of thre«» years' duration. The Argonautict'xpedition implies much knowledge of the sea at an early date. The Pluimicians are known to have j)lanted colonies in S])ain, and to have visited the coasts of England and the Jialtic. The Carthaginians visited the Canaries, Madeira, aid the Azon's. No less than three attempts Avere made by the PhdMiicians to circunm-uigate the continent of Africa, two of Avhich are said to have been successful. The first 8uc<'essful attempt was made b}'^ Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt, six hundred years b. c. The second attempt was made by Sataspes, a Persian nobleman, who was condemned to death by Xerxes, and had his sentence commuted to the task of sailing around the continent of Africa. This was unsuccessful. The third attempt was made by Eudoxus, in the time 10 of Ptolemy Eiierj^etes, who, after several inefiectnal at- tempts, is reported tinally to have accomplished his object. Five hundred and seventy years n. c, Hanno, a Cartha- ginian admiral, with a fleet of sixty ships, of fifty oars each, having on hoard thirty thousand men and women, sailed from Carthage for the purpose of founding cities on the western coast of Africa. They founded several cities, and penetrated as far south, it is believed, as Sierra Leone. It is thus positively proved that large ships Avere "built and voyages made, thousands o^ miles in length, six hundred years b. c. ; and it is possible that the Phopnicians had derived from the Chinese a knowledge of the magnetic needle. Tlie trade- winds from the vicinity of the Canary Islands would liave carried them into the Caribbean Sea with scarcely a change of sail. It is almost certain that some of them passed over to America, either by accident or design. It is equally certain that some few returned and imparted a knowledge of these countries, otherwise it would have been impossible for the Egyptian priests in the days of Solon to have described the country. It is the opinion of many learned men that in the earliest times regular voyages were made by the Phtpnicians to America. This, though difficult to prove, is at least highly probable. The Chinese made voyages to the coast of California in the year four hundred and fifty-eight (4»)8), and it is the opinion of eminent Chinese scholars that they were ac- quainted with the western coast of America nearly to Cape Horn. It is supposed that Buddhist i)riests came in these ships and introduced the»r science and religious ceremonies into Mexico. The missionaries who accom- panied Cortes in his exiK-dition against Monte/nnia, found annHig the iniiabitants the symbol of the cross, sonictliiiig analogous to the Ijord's Supper, and otlier rites similar to those in tlie llonian church. These, it is stqiposed, were introduced by Buddiiist missionaries. The Northmen repeatedly visited the coast of North mmm ■MM 11 America, between tlio tenth and tliirteentli centuries. Their explorations extended as far south as Rhode Ishmd, perliaps further. MOUNDS AND MOUND IJUILDEHS. In various parts of our country, particuhirly in the West, are found large mounds and fortifications, which have excitec the wonder of the curious. Some of them are, perliaps, five hundred years old, as they have trees growing upon them three hundred years old, and the re- mains of a previous growth decaying upon the ground. They are generally found in the vicinity of very fertile lands, easy of cultivation, where a large population could be sustained with little labor. Those which are of a war- like luiture were pi-obably thrown up as a defense against enemies. A multitude of hands would soon pile up an enormous quantity of earth. These mounds probably re- quired but little more labor than some of the palisaded forts of the Atlantic States. The largest known mound within the United States could easily have been thrown up by five hundred men in eleven months, according to careful estimates made by those who have examined them. In Central America and Mexico we find a civilization of a higher tyi)e. The empire of Montezuma had existed but a comparatively short period at the time of the Sijanish Conquest, having been founded, as is supposed, in 1325. P was preceded by the mighty Toltec empire. According to Mexican historians, the Toltetd arrived in the Valley of Mexico A. D. G48. They continued to spread their con- quests far and wid<' during a period of four hundred years. They built the great pyramid of Cholula, and other huge structures. About a. d. lOiil, the Toltecs, having bet>n gn'atly reduced by war, pestilence, and famine, silently and mysteriously tlisai)peared. The Toltecs i'xtcudcd their coiupu'sts into Central America, and have left their language in scmie of its provinces. It was in this region, abundantly favored by nature, I 12 wlioic Eiiropoan, Asiatic and African adventurers met and brouirlit the seeds of knowledge from three continents, tliat we find a peculiar fomi of civiliwition, in part in- digenous and in part foivign. MISSIONAKIES AMONG THE INDIANS. Tlie Roman Catholics had manj' stations among them in fonner ])eriods, and conv«'i"ted many to tlieir faith. Eliott and Mayhew, in Massachusetts, Avere t ery success- ful as missionaries, also the Moravians, in Pennsylvania. Upon the lireaking out of King Philip's war, the Indians of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and Cape Cod were mostly professed Christians. Besides these there were no less than seven villages of praying Indians, who bad long been instructed by the venerable Eliott, within the bounds of the colonv of Massachust^tts. These were faith- ful to the English during th<^ war. Had they Joined Philij), the Ncav England colonies would, in all human probal>illty, have been exterminated. When wt^ care- fully survey the el!brts that have been made to Chris- tianize the Indians, we shall find as much success among them as among the inliabitants of the Ejist Indies. We have in America ancient races and hoary ruins quite as interesting as any pn^scnted by Assyria, Greece, or Rome. It should Iw the pride of American citizens to solve the problems connei^ted with the origin of the tirst population of Ameri<-a. and the civilization of Mexico and Peru. The subject not only has the charm of novelty and romance, but deserves the serious attention of the most ])r(>found intellect. It is hoped that this i>romising held of arch.Tological research will not be left entiiely to the learned societies of Euro]>e, but that we shall do our part in rescuing from oi)livion the language, arts, and monuments of America. 13 INTERPRETATION OF INDIAN NAMES. INDIAN NAMES IN NEW YORK, Ma X 11 attan — 'Rsii>\d»—M('n'Uan, Rasle. CiiATEMUc — Great rocks— Cha, great; Ainukqut, Rock, Eliott, B. MuscouTA— Low i)lains. KiTCiiAWAN — Large flowing stream. Nyack — Corner, point, or aw^Xyi—Naiag, El. Esopu.s — Steep coast, or liigli walled banks. (The Indians livvog around the abrupt hills at Farmington, Connecticut, were called Sopus Indians.) PouoHKEEPSiE — Small cove, or harbor. SiiAWANGUNK— Great vfuW—Cha, great ; WanKonos, a wall. QiASSAicK— Rocky stream. PuNKiiocKiE — A steep bank. CoiioNKSON— Place of wild geese — Co7io«Z-, gray goose. Petaucunk — A plunge, a Ml in a stream. MoiiUNK — Great hill. Hunk — A fall in a stream. SucKANissiNG — Black stone place. HoMowACK — Water flows out. Mama RATING — Great standing heap. Maii ACK AM ACK— Chief s house, or king s palace. Nesciitack — Bad swamp. CoxsACKiE — High hills. Asiiokan — Rapids. Wawaksing— Holy place, place of sacred feasts and war dances. Maiteawan — Place of dressed skins. Napanock — Name of an Indian chief. LONG island. Go w ANUS — To flow down, shallows. Sew A N H AC k 1 e — Wampum land. Maspetii — A swamp. 14 Maniiasset — An island sheltered by other islands. SiiAGWAM — High blutr. MoNTAi'K — standard, pillar, or ensign. Nayack — A point. IXDIAN NAMES IX PENNSYLVANIA. CoAQUAXNocK — Philadeli)hia- GrovG of long pine trees. KiTiiAXNE, or Lknapeiiittuk — Delaware River- Large river, or river of the Lenape. Nesiiamo IE— Two streams making one by flowing together. Pemapack — A pond without a current. Sai'cox — The outlet of a stream. Leciiauiianne — Tlie forks occasioned by the conflu- ence of two rivers. Thuppekhanne — Cold spring stream. Saxkexak — Flint stone. CocossiNG — Place of owls, PoiiopoKA — Two mountains buttin^; with their ends against each other, with a stream of water between. Tankh ANN A — Small stream. ToBYiiAXXA — Alder stream. M AECiiii ANNE — Large stream . Masoeckhanne — Swamp stream. SiumoKAX — Glue. ToMBicAX — Place of crab apples. T A M Mil' A X — Beaver stn 'am . Lycoming — Sandy creek. Tappan — Cold stream. INDIAN NAMES IN NEW JERSEY. Passaick — Large river. HACKt;NSACk— Fields at the mouth of a river. MuscoxETCONG — Ruslilng stream. Watciiog — Overflowing pcjud. Rauitan — Forked river. I 1 16 Raway — A forked vapid stream. Ba iiNEGAT — Transnarent Avater. Ni<:vEUsrNK— Between place, or (Naiwisink) place of comers. Manasquan — End of peninsula. CoMMiTxiPAW — Good fishing. Piscataway — Water gap. A breach in high rocks through which a stream runs. TucKAiioE — Troubled water. AssuxpiNK — Standing stone ; a large rock standing alone in a stream. ToTowA — Passaic Falls ; gaps, or breaches. INDIAN NAMi;S IN MASSACHUSETTS. AdAWAM — A fishing station. Ass ABET — Miry stream. HoosAC — A pinnacle. Squam — Ljist ; highest. Meukimack — Rushing water. Naiiant — A point. MisiiAWUN — Large peninsula. Sii.'WMUT — A close, or compacted place. A name often applied to necks of land. It may, in this case, possibly mean a clustj i':! I i' !'. 16 Masiiapaug — Large pond. Nauoatiick — River of the mountain's fore-front.* HousATONic — River of the lofty mountains. QuASSAPOG — Stony pond. INDIAN NAMES IN RHODE ISLAND. Aquidnic — An island. Aquidnesuk — Small island. Manisses — Small island. Mashapaug — Large pond. MiNNABAUG — still or deep water. Nayatt — A point. Pettaqtjomscot — Rock at the entrance. PAwcATirrK — Pure river (or fresh river) ; from pa^K'e, pure, and tuck, river. SiiAWOMUT — A neck or close place. Warwick neck. SucKAxrNKANUCK — Flint hill. INDIAN NAMES IN NEW IIAMPSIIIKE. Kearsakoe — High hill. CoNTOCooK — Swelling stream. MoNADNOCK — steep mountain. PiscATAQUA — Rocky stream, or a gap or breach in liigh rocks, through whi(!h a stream flows. From pisk or pisqiiUOy rock ;t and touicag or tauwi, a gap. INDIAN names in MAINE. Penobscot — A rock. Kenebeck — Long water. Pkesumpscot — Cliffs of rocks. Damariscotta — Where we dry fish, or place for drying fish. Androscoggin — To fish both with a spear arid a line. This name is spelled in several ways, and each appears to denote a certain mode of fishing. * Whoro the mountain eonics closo to the river. \ There arc more tlian Rixtecn difl'orcnt words used in Pilliott'ii Indian Biblo to signify rock. ^ nKSr