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A. , Jan. ,1391;;. LiAINAL/A. SoUwrfonl PRINCIPLES. POLICY A \ 1 ) PLATFORM OK TIIK LIBERAL PARTY Copies of this Pamphlet can be had by Liberal Candidates from ALEXANDER SMITH, Secretary Ontario Liberal Association, 34 Victoria Street, Toronto. V'dA'O.VTO. UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA LIBRARY A:^CHIV;;5 WARWICK imo.S. .\: Rl TTHR. rRINTlvRS, flS ani. 70 l-RONT ST7 WIvST "" 18!».'). i TO THE READER. This pumpblet Is intended as an aid to young men and otliors who wish to work on behalf of Liberalism and good principles. No one can suppose that in ho llmltid a space more than a sniall fraction of the shorteoniings and misdeeds of tlie Conservative party can be alluded to. While some attention is paid to tlio system tliat has prevailed at Ottawa for the past sixteen years and more, the chief place is ffiven to a short sketch of the Prin- ciples, Policy, and Platform of the Liberal party. Tliore are also hints for orKanizatioii, a few remarks upon the Patron Platform, and a very brief skctcli of Hon. Wilfrid Laurier, the Dominion Liberal leader. In compiling this little Uocununt parliamentary reports and debates of the session of 1891 have been resorted to, but where later author- itative facts could be obtained they have been \ised. Thi.'? point should not be forgotten BO that when later blue books and parliamentary reports are produced there may be no misunderstanding-. This pamphlet is not for general distribution. U is for speakers committeemen and other workers on behalf of the cause of Liberalism and good government. Copies of the Platform, however, for general distribution can be had upon application to January, 1895. ALEXANDER SMITH, Secretary Ontario Liberal Association, 34 Victoria Street, Toronto. THE LIBERAL LEADER. In Hon. Wilfrid IjaiirliT tlio IJberal party has a leader worthy to wear the mnntlo of loinlership whii'h lias descended in line of succession from such men as Kobert Baldwin, Georse Browi, Ali'xunder Mackenzie and Kdward Ulake. He Is a born leader of men, firm, patient, steadfast of purpose, IiIbIi minded. Liberal in every IhouKht, and thoroughly Canadian in his every ambition and aspiration for tliis country. His charniinK elo- ((uenee as a speaker is known everywhere In tlic Dominion. In his oratory he combines with the direct and practical qualities of the Knglishman, aesthetic and magnetic charac- teristics of the highest attractiveness. Althougli of French-Canadian origin, a fact in which he takes pardonable pride, he has been a close student of Kngllsli history, and a follower of English Liberalism. Ills political principles and love of liberty have come to him through the .same fountains from which his fellow Liberals of Jiritish origin have drawn their inspiration. .Vs a pariiamontariaTi he is the peer of the most skilful and resoureeful of Ills contonipuraries. lie has made no mistakt's or nils-steps since his accession to the leadership in INST, either In Parliament or face to face with the people in tlie country. He fought the general elections in ISitl with a manliness, vigor and temperateness which drew from his opponents words of unusual praise and respoct. Since 1887 he li.as visited Ontario every year at least once, and sometimes oftener to address the peui)le of llil.s i>rovince. In IS'.M hr not only toured (tiitario, but went to Manitoba, the Territories and liritisli roliiml)l.i. JIV has also made personal acquaintance with the Maritime Provinces. Througli the means of these visits he has created a profound impression throughout the Dominion, not less by his earnestne.iss, frankness and the vigor with wliich lie discusses public affairs than tlie magniilsm of liis personality and the brilliancy of his eloquence. He has become more than a party chief; he Is a national leader to whom Canadians of whatever province, origin condition or creed look as the exponent of the principles of freedom of trade, freedom of speech, freedom of conscience. For nearly 25 years he has been a representative of the people In Parlia- ment. His qualities as a citizen and a statesman have become thoroughly known to liie public; and by opponents as well as friends, after his long and severe ordeal, is admitted to be a statesman of broad, liberal and patriotic aspirations, and as a man stands before the people of Canada without fear and witliout reproach. / 2 3 7 7 7 4 Principlks of thk Liberal 1\\rtv. I'.viiy riiriii (il niiviiJi Ill .S.I IMS 111 iM\ii|\i' iwii imlii ii.il i liimnls. 'I'Ih' ihh' (mII- liiK I'm- cli.iMKi's III ixistliip liislituliiiiis, liir nllil" rn'iii llic I r.iilil Inns of ilir imsI. Ii.r a III I r rili/.ciisliii> III cviiylliliiK lli.il Mil' ii.iini' liii|illis— I lii' niliir not iiii|ii OKiissh k ii: »^i'.s of llii' iiMiiy 111- iin.v r.cnKiillini, iif iltlziii.slilp wlilcli (Mil be .-^uciis.sfiiUy icslsti'il. Tlicsi' two iinlllliMl I'nni.s li;i\i. liiiM il JiT inn 1] y ii;iiii>i| In ililliiinl cniint rii s, mill .snniitinii s luui.' Iici'n (Ufrcrcnlly nannil .it ililTiiini piilmls In lln s:uii.> inmitry. 'I'lii' Wlilus .•iiul Tmlo.s oC forty yiMis hko in two p.irtli\s. In rnlliny|n«- mit, the lilstiir.\- of iIh' Liliital parly in Canada, niic is sliiiik willi iIh- clo.so aiialnxy Inl wcin the innyeinciits wliiih it .siippnri id and liy wliicli it is dividml from the Consirvalivos, and innyiini'iits nl' a similar character, althoiiffh on a larger so.ili'. in the histnry of Urilish pnliiics. Ii iiia\ lie tli.it the iiileicliaiiKe nt' npinimis between Canada and the lOinplie ha*l snineiliiiiK to dn with inalntainiiiK: Hie iinil'nrnii' y of polilical eliiiAane on kindnd .siilijects. nr It may he that the emigrant to Can.ida carried with him his liritish pnliiics. At all events, it is some sniin f ^rral illcai inn for the ],il)orals nf Canada to know tli.it the Kpreat innvenieiits they Inaiiuniated .iml lo wlilch they cnnsecrated all their ener^fies Were niovenieiits similar in kind and l>rini'iplo to those which reei Iveil the siippml of the Kieat i.iheral slalesinen nf IIiiKland. Winn u Canadian on the ilnnr nf I'arllanient or on a piihllc idatform declares thai no Koveriiinenl should make relinimis npinlniis a tost of cIlizeiiHliip, it mijriif he matifyliiR to kiinw tli.ii .such views were en I eit ,1 i lied hy hold Jnhii Hiissell, Jnliii HiIkIU, W. K. C.ladstniie .ml nil th<' Kiheral IIrIiIs nf ilie hist century. Similarly, when a demand is made fur Kic.iler freedom of trade, fur the extension of the franchise, the protection of tho elector at '-he hallot hnx. the snviiein nl y nf the pe(i]ile In all matters pertaining in K'lvernmeiil, piiiiiy in the admlnistralion of piihllc affair.-i. the per.sonal Inlinrily of the lepiesenlat i ves if tho people, these and kindred measures of vast import.ince m thi> slate iiave heen tlm watchwords nf the laheial jiarl.y in (iicat lirilain since the Kieat ri'vniiit inn, .and lia\e occupied th<> thonnlits of our ablest and iniiest statesmen, notably tlinse representing: the l-iiberal party. The hl-storical perspective then of Canadian I^iberalisni is must satisfactory as well as Instructive and would well repay fuller investigation.* The Liberal party first asserted itself in I'pjicr Canada by bnhlly protestiiiK- against the tyranny of the "Kamlly Compact" and by demanding (li the exclusion from ofllce of all appointees of tlie Government; (J) the entire control of all the ri.'Venucs of ;lie country ; and (I!) the responsibility of the execntivej i.e., the Government, to the people's rcpresenlatives in I'arliameiil. One of the f'arliest champions nf these reforms was Wni. hyon Macki'iizli'. who as a member nf rarllameiit and. as a .iniirnallst, had ample nripnrtunities id calling' public atteiilinn to the ^frievances finin which relief was deslraole. AlthniiKh Mr. Mackenzie did lint cniiduct the agitation for the reforms which he demanded, at all times with beconiin>j moderation, yet he drew very distinctly a line of separation between the proKressive policy of true jjiberalism and the claims nf Conservatives of that time by 'divine riKht" to occupy all the public oflices and lo hnld the reins of (Jnv- ernment, with the public consent when they cnuld, ami wilhniit jiiihlic apiirnval when they dared.»» After the rnioii of l.sll. llie distinctive character of ;.iiberal principles was repre- sented b.v Mr. Kobert Haldwin, wlin will always be reinembcred as the sturdy champion of resjionslble tiovernnient. Mr. lialdwin held that all appointments to nflice should be made by the (JnviM-nnr-Cieneral on the iieninmendatinn nf his advisers, and lliat a Gov- ernment that iDiild not cnmm.ind a ma.jnrily of the ineinbirs nf raiiianieni sluuild at once fiive place to a tiovernment liaviii)^ a majority. •See (iladslnnc and his Contempnrarics, by Thomas Archer; Life of John liriRht, Uieli.inl Cobdeii. Lord .Inliii Unssi Us Ueiiilliiseinces, Life nf the lOarl nf >Slia f lesbur.v. (Jladslone's Speeches. ••See Life of Win. Lyon Mackenzie by Charles Lindsay. ^\R^Y. Th.- (111.' (mII- llli' IMSI. Iiir :i iIilOKli'S.s|\i' ii: ic cnlMrKi'iiPiil bo sufccusriilly rent count rits, sMiiii' couiitrv. •lills ;illll ('(1.1- wcll :is ill tiiu Is ,111(1 CdllSlM- ivii luirlits. truck with ilif I it is (liviilcd li (Ml II liir^cr ;(' 111' (i|iiiii(iiis lie iiiUrdrmi'.y lilt to ("ullMllil f KiMt itlciii ion uiatcd and lo and i>rinci|)li.> and. WInii a lo Kovcfiiiiu'nl to know tliai lladsloiic and lie Cor Kri'aliT ■lector at '.ho iiiiH'iit, purit.v I'sontativcs ( f lave liccn tlic ion, and liavt; il'cst'iitiiiK' tlio il satisfactory .'stinK' UR-aliist II I'roiii oflk'c •cnucs of iliii I tlio people's •lus was Wnt. , had ainpli' ,vas deslraolc. lie dinnanded, or separation servatives of reins of Oov- al when tliey s was ri'pre- dy champion ce should he that a Gov- nt should at John ItrlKlit, Hlia f tesliiirv. i Another (|Ue»llon tliat at a V( ly early period in ceiil iiat cd llic (lltTer(Uic ImIwccii llie two political parlies wa.-i llic scciila ri/.a! |oii of the Cleiuv K'Scrvcs. 'I'lo (.IIkImIs l)c|lc\C(l III tile ( (iiiililcle s(piiali(Oi (il ('liiircli and Stale Tlic I 'ons( i\al i\ cs in <'airi(l,i. like llie Conserval Ives In lOiiKlaiid. I>elle\iil In a Stale Cliiiiili, ,ind lor years llie AiiKliein I'hureh was the only Chureli In Canada that dicw upon the ( i(i\ ( riinnni idr lis support, 'riic {■;sialiiisli.-(l Cliiireli of Se'dl.iiid (Icni.nidcd as.-isia iiee liiim tlic Stale, en llie nfonMd llial il had le^al reeoKnItion In Seolland. and was latterly iceomil'/.ed as enlilled lo ,>' Iriic lo ils p.isl hisi(u>, il will he\cr eon- sent lo aii.v ciilannliiiK' alliances helween Cliunli and Slate In the Intcresis of any deiioiii- liialhdi whatsoever If the IJherallsin of Canada tcodies one ihliiK more disllnelly Ihiu ,'iiioihci-. il is IIlii ,iI1 men, li respi cl Ive •>( llieir r( Huioiis opinions. li,i\c c(|ii.il rli^hts and privilcRes hefoi-c the l.iW. flue of the iiiic\pecl ed and ii ii,i u I iei p.i I cd i(sulls ,irisiiin (Oil ol' llic Inidii .\ci i f l^ll u.is the lajiid increase in llic pdpii l,i i ion df Ippcr C,in,i(la as coiKpa led Willi l.dWer C;i|iii(|:i l.y llie 1111(01 .\ c 1 llic IWd I'l'dVillCeS Wefe HUdl ei|Ual r( p ICSc 11 I a I i d '. 1 ill I'ai lia lid 111 . ,11 lirst fdil .\ -live mcniheis and later sixly-llvc. The ui'calcr popiilalioii >( rppcr ('aiiada. .is Well as its urealer W(allli. w,is nol piopdrl ioiial cl.\- rcpreseiil cd dii Ihc llddi' df railiament. and many l.ihei'als to( Lilii ra lisni which ilie hisldi\' nf (',iii,ii|.i affdids.* Siiiee ( 'diifed( lal idii the l.ilicr.il p.iri.\- has ad voea I eil wiili ^rcil ciieri;\. .iml in some eases successfully, the followiii^- measures: First, and alw,i>s. the cnuneclidii df Canad.i with Ihe I'.rilisli lOnipiic. (2). The ee iiKiniliMl and Imnesl c\peii(lil lire nf imlilic mniicxs. llie lellinn' df ..il pulilic eontraels In llie lnwcsl Iciuler. ihc cricliiiii d|' piihlie liiiililiii^s in llic piildie interest and iioi in Ihe iiilcfisl of aii\' liiealil\-. i:ii. 'I'hcslriel (il)sei\ani-c of tlie lernis of the federal cdmpiiri. Xo "heller liiin:" lo one rriKiiiee wUhdiii ihe eonseni .of all parties No sulisidies fur any piildie imr- pdse to diie rrd\ ir.ec unless Ihe work siilisidized eoiihl faii'l.\- he s.iid in I f iiileicsl Id Ihc wlidlc 1 iiiiii iiiidu. \d alli-mpl Id eiierd,ieli iipdii the riulils (if aii\ ri'dciiiee. as ie tile veld (III ■'■rile Ulveis and Slre.inis Hill." Ihe refusal Id r,ilif.\- llie l!duu(hii\- .\WaI(i l'\' |S7^. Ihe seizure llpdll I llci !■( VelllK S fliim licenses li\- lid .M( I '.illli y .\el. (I I. 'I'lie exlciisiiin df llie fianehise ^md the ,i(ldpiidii nf I'luvinei,! 1 fraiicliiscs ler l>onijnion purposes, ilie pr( si r\ a I ion as I'.ir .is pussildc of the poliiieai iKnimla ries for the constitueneies l,ir rrd\ineial and lidUiinidU piirpdscs. Ihc aliililidii df all ofli (s conneeled with Ihe revisidii df llic Vdlers' lists and the alidlilidii <<( all Kerivmaiideiiiii;' hencefdfl li and lorev er. (."ii. The rednilidu df ilic l.iriff ,is tar as Ihe iieeessi I ies nf llic revenue will I-,erniit with the (■diiiplei( (liminalidii id evci\ feature >>( the l,iril'f of a disl iiict i\-e|y Jiroteel i\e eliar,iel er. li;i. 'I'he enhirwiinenl of the tra(l( d'' Canada li.v means df irealies where li-eaiic,! can he made thai will mil endanger the poliiiial inteniity df i he eniinlr.N'. This n- cliides the rinlii i (Uieeded to ('auada lo make her own treaties, prox ided siiih treilies arc not opposed lo Impeii.il inteiesl. There are a nninher i>( other (|Uestioiis. such as temperance, ihe siiiieraniuialion of piihlii oflh'ers, the alxdilion of (Sovernmeiii House, ele.. on which the hlheral party has ranked Itself in opposition to certain lines pursued hy Coiiscrvatiyes, and no ♦See l.ifc {y lliilr IcidiTu in I'm rliiiiiiinl . will yet prevail. Tile oiiiirluMliin <>( iIk' wlmlo iiiiitlir. I>rlfll.v put, Ik iIiIm: 'I'lii- l.lbi-ral |i.iri v Is a piiriy cif liiipi'. It KfdWM iipnn the (Ii'ciiy iif tlio piliii'iplis iipposiil to ||; Its liiivi's U.Wf always the f rcshiiisH dl' Splinn .iliont tli>iii. Il .ippi.ils id iIm' Ih.iiIm ami I'dtiMclcniM'M of the pcoplr. idi- Hiippdi't; II silks dlllci' duly in iKhjnn'c iIh' piilillc lnlfrcsls; It levies taxes mily fur ttic Inlerist dl' lln' laxpa\t'r: It asUs fur iiiw le^flsljit Ion diilv that eniiHtll iitlnnal Kd\ i riiiiHiit iuay_ In- si iiiiK'Hntii il aiiil lln' liRlits nf ell Izinsliip enlar>,'e(l. 'I'lierc Is iji> lirlti^r way of f llIlllllll^c om's wlmle c KUidciI, inovoil and ffoviiiic'd hy T.iheral motive, and principles. ORGANIZE AND WORK NOW. One of the spi akirs of the Anil Corn- L.aw I.eiijiii' In Cinai I'.rllaiii thus deaerlhiil ■wh.ll hy Siiine Wdiild hi' cdnsnlirid the nmsi linpurtanl nl .all tin- h ssuns tn he didur'ed from the apltiitlon: "Wh.il men shall ini|iiiri' in what way thiy may i)\i rl liinw sniiie hoary ahiiso protri ted hy pnwir. siiirdiindid and difi'iided hy wi al(h, rank and eorrnp- tlon — when they would lijirii wln'thi'r I hry may vi'titiire tn hope Ihat. hy exertion, loll and snerlflei', the>- c.-in hrliiR siieh an .ihiisi' lo the m-mind liny shall turn Id tlii' pages wlileh .shall record the history of the AnI i-f 'orn-lia w l.f-.iRiie; lluy .sh.ill lliireiii learn that vidiml.iry .issoci.'itloii will work f^reatcr mlradis than the hands of them who reared the I'yramlds; that hlonilless revdliilldn may he hriniiilii ahmit hy the .inltalidn nf nvn's minds; that there are \yiMpdns Ihat cannot he struck down in the warfare; that there is a power whioh thonph impalpahle and Invislhh', is yet uni\ersal .•iml ii'iesist ihle and will outlive Jlinisters ami ( iovernments /mil Sl.ites, ;ind rule the world when man is man Indeed." (,'an.iillans are now eiiKaK'ed In :i great trade discussion and can with proilt weigli well the worils ahovo quoted. In order then that the political issues of the day may be hronght clearly before '.he people It Is necessary for each one interest! d in the \velfare of our countr.y lo do all In his power to form associations for the purpose of arousing the electors to a sense of their duty, and inducing tliem to attend to the practical work of a campaign. 'J'here should be no falti'ring now, and each man should consider it his duty to see t.i ll that a meeting of th_e committee Is at once called for his I'olllniGr District. It may be calhd liy the chair- man or secretary of the polling district by notice in the local newspaper, an announce- ment In the schoolhoiise or at some public place of assembly, or if there is no committee, by two or three friends getting together, .and after devising some idan for calling a meet- ing' "pass the word along" and thus begin. By ,a judicious use of this p.amphlet speeches on the principles, iiollcy and platform of the Libera! parly cm well lie ilelivered by locil men. and once the work Is begun no effnit should be spared to keep nii the interest by social and other gatherings. Speaking alone Is not all that Is necessary and after the Polling district committee is efficient ly oi-g.-iniziil. with i ('li.ilriiian. vice chairmen las many as may be ne<'essary) and a secretary-treasurer and sub-commit lees aiipolnled, a couple of copies of the Dominion voters' lists should be Immediately secured, through your candidate, and from now until the election day is over cich name should he care- fully considered, and gradually efliclent and r<'spoMsiv(> .•irrangemenls made for polliii!? every vote favorable to the Liberal candidate. In condnctlng this work the co-dperalion of every associ.ation In your district advocating Liberal piineipies ought to be enlisted, but the whole work should be under the directidn df the general ednunittee fur the Polling District. The siib-cdminiltees can meet at private residences ami go oyer the names of a portion of the Polling District, and at the general meeting report. lOverything sliould be thoroughly done, and some one person held responsible fur the placing of every voter, :0 that on election day there may be no confusion. I'ailliiniciil. will I p.irl V Is i\ iiiiny Its ll.lVCS li,i\f .mil I'linsclctK'i'S )lli- liiti'i-fHiH; It N'Klsl.il Iciii only ' !<( (il Izinslilii III' (■liiiiili.N lli,iri II lliiis ili'srrlliiil IS til III' il.ilufod i)\i ri lirnw Slime ink .'iiiil rorriip- li.\- iM rliiiii, toil ini III till' p;lgfS II lliiiiiii loiim lii'iii Willi ii'nrod ;ii:iiiiiii III' mill's I'l^; lli.it llif.re Is sisiilili. aiiil win fii iiKui is nian iili priillt wolKh o.irly licfoiv" the try to tlo all In a scn.so iif thoir 'J'liiTi' slioiild tli.il .1 mi'otiiiK < il li.\- till' cliaif- r, ail aiiiKMinci',- s no commltt.'e, i-alling a meet- llipllli't SpCI'CllO."! Ini nd liy Inc il till' iiiti'ii'st hy ■ and al'li'i- the 't'-C'liaininn (a.s i\s aiiimiiili'd, a "Ciii'cd, llirougli 'limild bi' carp- iidc for pcillinqr lie c'o-Kporation to i)i< cnllstod, li.r tho PollinK- till' names of a thiiiK slioiild lio ovcry votor, .'■o At all Ml' illiiKs. afti'f siinif spi och-makliin, tlit« HsIh slimilil In- slinlliil li>i' i ilmi'. By lioldln»f fliGHi' miitlnws Nt >W and llnis l)i'Ci>mln»f familiar wllli iln' Ihmik-s and \h>' work to 1)0 (lono Liberals will nnd tin msolvos nady l<>r the wreat HtniwKh' liam. dlately iipnii thP iBMIle of the wilts fur a jceneral rleollon. will eiK'h ve.liler 111' lliesi' winds Wll.K Yor without delay aseortaln: Wliethrr the existing nruanlzat Inn In vmii rnlllin,' IMstrlel Is I'lll.leiit and .11 live' ir It Is so iimhImI In |ir« lliiK I'M rniineiil iini'diiK: In carry nm lii.' siikk.sIIiiiis hiTewllll IlllliUsllPd. If there Is ni> aellve wnrKliiK eDmniUlei' fnllnw the siiKWestinns siv. n alnn r lur '.he aHSPinbllngr ;: and wnikin^-' iln ir Interest la tho welfare of mir cniintry. tj. Insislliie thai the siih-cnnimittees meet f niiniiii I v in llnir nwii ininiedlii <• nelffhliorhnoil. and lli;it nieetliiKH of the I'oUlnn: Dlstrirt inninill I ee he Inld .11 Inlirv.ils for sppoeh makinn- and the presentation of reports iiriyately at the inm liislmi nf ilie puhlic programme. RoniriiilMT Hint n fow more %«Htr irlhiinal, and then your wre.at and Rood cause is cverylhinR. l':viiy hlnw you Rive tells; every speech vnii make, every .irtieli. you prim and eyiry fact ynu hrint? forward Is a hhnv which your iipimnenls can neither parry nnr return, and thus ynu Ro on comunriiiR and to cnmiuer, and iinthiiiR can prevent ii. " THE LIBERAL POLICY. I'liiiiiu lis l. 'Tin Mluinl l'nrl\ liilli'V iiiK in H'lil'iin nl limli. Ii ' ilmii of spi'icli. ,iii>l li iiiliiin III' iiinsiiiiiii'. Is pi'iiuf'sslvii in iis ilinrniliT. Tliis w m slroimlx i\iniii|il'|i il hx IIh N.iIIhikiI l.ll)ir:il i 'iiii\ • nl imi In lil ;il (ill.iw.i. .Iniii'. Isi.'. Winn IJIiir^ils t'l'iiiii I \-i'r.\ sii'llun nl lli> lininininn ^issi inliji i| .iml willmnl ;in> |il i'\'|iiiis ari'iiiiminiiil s prupi'i'iii'il ;it miir in i.iKi' i nnnsil Inniilni- upnn ili, imiIIiIimI sliw.illnn. Till) ri'SiiIt.s nf tJK'li- di'llli' iMtlniis ;ii'i' i III liciil liil ill ;i s'tIis nl' ri-n|niiiins wliicli iiinl.iln ;i ro-assrt linn 111' till' line nl' pnlii y iiKirk'ii mil lp,\ tin rcsniiil Imis pn \ imisl > iiiii\iral llisll'lcl I'lniii Ihi' Allanlli In llii' I'aiilii' slaiiil li is nnt . M. imI ln ils scop<\ It applli s In till' wlmli I iiiniinlnii. 'I'lir < 'mi v> nl inn is a liilmii- In tip' ^^inliis i.i' till' liiliiral |iail.\'. 'i'hcl'i' Was nn ilivisinii <>y iail< nl' nnil,\. lull nn tin roiillal'.V, all Wlm have kIvoii llionnlil In ami liavi' dlsciissi'il llir ililTi iini ri'snlnl Inns aii' iiniliil iinl mily nn till' lu'lticiplcs. Iml iipnii till' ill lails III' till' I'nlii'v nf till' pa I t > . linn. I'lilwal'il lilaU", lofiiHTly till' I ininiiilnii liiliri'.il liailii'. iinvv a im'iiiln'r nl' ihi' liiipi'ilal I Imisi' nl' t'nin- liioiis. has wrltto'i tn Mr. .\. Vniinii'. llpii Sii'i "la ly nl iIh W'isI Inirliain Uirnnii Assoclntlnn, as fnllnws: ' .May I Id' pirniilliil In say linw ulail I am in lliink liial ' \w ileolproiity I'csoliil idii nl' tlic latn Uffnini I 'mixiiil inii li.is i inli d tin ilil'l'i riiiii' wlilcli hil to till' aevoi'iilirc nf m.v noniipi-l ion willi iIh' Uiilinu. .iml llial. iIumikIi im Innmr m I i' assoi'iatoil with llii'iii a.s ilnlr rcpri siiila l i\ n. I am im Inrmir in li" ilixiiliil tinin llii'iii In npinion." 'i'lii' I'lat loi'iii is iii>i'i'\vil li prinliil in full ami Liillni mi larli nsnliil inn Is ((iinli'd ami fads iipmi tlir piinriplrs inula iinii aPn siilimll I ml 'I'lii' issiii's nl tin' limir ai'i' mnnii'iil niis .iml larui'lx iinnhi' lin' liilnii- piiinriss. iirnsiniil \ , nul ivin tin' limmr nf Canaila. 'I'iii' l.iliiial iiiairmni .iilnpti-il al tlii' mi.il Naiinnal ('mivintinn rnntaiiis pi'iiii'ipli's liial niiisl ln' ailnpii'il in iiisiin limi'st> .iml ii'mimnx' in ilir piililir siTxin'. nil to lil'cak (Inwii lilt' liaile list rid imis .iml nimiopnliis thai ai'i' ii'iisliiii^ tin- inassi's of mir pinpl'-." u LIBERAL PLATFORM RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE illlll'l'MIs .l|' III'. IMl kcmmI II liim lUllnlil III, liiiil. Ml 'i| I 1,1,1,., I |- .,.. ■" T 'rhl.s \v ,:i i"'i. .Imih'. I s I,', 'III ,|||\- |,| |.\|,M|.< lilllMJ Sllll.lll,,,,. Wlllcll I'lllllMllI ii ly nil. veil In Hi,. .il"l';il.s ill rvi'i';. ■-■■'■•'!■ IMl III lis " I'll' K-illJlls ,,|' 'I't'iiy. nil win iliil mil I. Illy ,;,, '•;ilwniil lil.iK.-, lllMISr .,r (',,111 >iiiImiii Itiliiiiii lliiiik ili.'ii Mil' ■|"i'' Wlllill let II liiiiui r III I ,. I Hiilll lllflM III ■li ri'.'^iiliil 1(111 !s I'x 111 till' limir I'Vt'll till' |i,i||,,,' ■MtjiiM ciiiiiaiiis III- scr\ici.. Ill 1 iiKissi's 111' mil- National Liberal Convention OTTAWA, JUNE, 1893 I I W'l', III'' l.iliii'.il I'.irty 111 1 'ii ii.'hI.i. in < niivi'iit imi iissi'iiiMi •!. ,|ii|.iri'; I. — i<'ii: — iii:i»i4i;it r\\\'i'i«>\ 'I'liiil Ihi' iiislniiis t:ilil'l 111' thi' I iiiiiiin lull slimilil In li.isiil. iint .is il imw is. iip- iiii Ihi' lu'iii I'll i\ I- |ii'i iiiipli'. liiii iipiiii till' I'l'i iiiriiin'iil s ,,1 tin- jiiililii' sii'vii'i- : That Mil' ixistliiK- laiifT. I'minili'il ti|iiiii .in iiiisniiiiil |irliii'i|i|i . ami iisi'il. as it has Iji'i'ii hy till- ( lin I'niiiii'iit . as .i I'ui riipi iiiK ani'iicv whiTt'With tn Uii p t hrmsi'l\-i'S in iilllri'. has i|i'yi'lii|ii il ninmipili'S. ti'iisis ami I'oiiiliin.it imis; It li.'is ili'ri'i'asi'il till \ali|i nf rariii .iliil ntlii'l' l.iiiiliil pl'iipi'i'l y : It has uppi'i'ssi'il till' iii.issi'S til til'. I'lil'irhliii'iil nt a dw. It has I'hi'i ki'd liiimiKi .i I imi : It has I'aiisiil uii'iil liiss uf impiila t in ti : II has iiiipi'ili'il i'iiiniiior<.'i', It has (lisi riiiiiiiatiil aH'iin^t Gri'.it llritain. III those unci In inaiiy iitliir ways it hiis ocfiislidUMl Kroat piihllc and piivatt- liijiirv. all of whii'h iinist c<>ntiniii' to kioW in inli'iisity as lon>? as tlif prisiiii tarilT svsii'iii remains In tnrie. 10 'I'lial llic liinhcsl IntfTi'Sls nf raiKicl:! (Ii'inaiiil a I'l'iiinval nf this Dhstaolc tr> our roiinlry's pr'UfiosH. liy llii' .Hlnpi inn di' a scniiid liscal pi>ll<>'. wliicli. wlillo not do- Inif lii.insi ice til any rla ■ will in'ciinuli (lonnstic and fmi'luii liadi'. ami liasti'u tho I'llnrii lit' luiispiTJ I V III i.iir pi'upli-; ■j'liai 1,1 ih.ii .nil III.- laiilT siiniilil I. mI a nil • llirii M I niis iiiiiiM-Mi ; iliiii'il Til I 111' rii' lis 111' hum si. prl C.i Thai it Hliiiiild li"' so ad.jiistt'd its to nmUi' frif. uf In licar as linhlly :'« posniblo iip"M, till' ni'fi'ssarios nf life, ntiil shniilil ln^ sn arraiiniil as in ]iinmnti' I'lt'ir trnil(> with Mil w linli> world, innri' parlli-iilarly with (1ii at Unlain and thi' I'liilod States. \Vf ludiovi' th.ii the rosnlts of tlH' prntrTli\i> system linvi' nfi'Vlonsly dlsap- pniiiiid Uiniisamls nf pii'soMs wliii hniii'slly siipporli'd it. and that llii' I'oimlry, Ir tlip liulil 111' I'Npivii iii'i' is nnw pri'p.iri'il tn dirlan- I'nr a snuml fiscal iinlipy fin Oil. Till' issiii- Iii'lwi'iii ilii' I wn piiliiiiMl parlii's nn iliis ijmslinM is mnv cIimiIx- ili Tlio (rovorntnont tlipinsi-lv .« admit tin- t'.-iiluri- nl Mn-ir llsi--il polii-v. and now prnfoss tliclr willlnjjncss to inako some i-liaiiKOs: bi.l tlioy say that sindi olianffos must hf' hasr-d only mi the prinrlfili- nf pmi i-it ion. Wf dcnoiinri' tlif prim^ipli- of protoptlon as r.-nlic ally iinsnimd. and iin.inst to till' masses of the people, and we deelare niir rf>nvirlion ihal aii\- tariff ehanees hasi-d on tliat prinoiple nnisl fail 'o afford aii.\- siihslani ia 1 relief from the hnrdr-ns under which tile coinitr.v labors. This issue we iinliosital intrU' .irei-p'. and upon it we awall with the fullest foiifldenee the veriliet of the olertors of Canad.'l. 2. — r<:xi.\ii4iF:i> m vhkkts — KKru'RoriTY That, hayintr rep-,-ird to tho prositerity of P.-inada and the Tnited Stales .is ad- .ioJninK: eoimtries. with man\- mutual interests, it is desir.ilde that there should he the most friendl.v relations and hro.-id and liberal trade intercourse between thoni: That tho interests alike of the Pom iiiion and of llie l-;ii'pi|i- uoiild be m.ili-rl- .-illy adva iH-i-d bv lln- esi.i blishiir,; of sm-h relations; That tho period of the old ri-clproeily treatv was one of marked prosperity tn tho British North American (obinies: That tho pretext under whi<-h the (1o\Trnmenl .ippt-aled to the eoinitrv in ISlll rospeel ini!- iieii-oi in ' inn for .i treai\" with tbi^ I'nited Sl.iles ^v.-ls misU-adinK' and dis- honost and intomled to doooiyo tho oloctorato; That no sincere effort has boon madi- by them to obtain a treaty, bnt that, nn the contrary, it is manifest that tho present Ooyernment, controlled as they are by monopolies ;.nd combinos. are not desirous of sociiriii); such a treaty: Tb;it the first st(>p towards obtaining' the end in yiew. is to place a partv in po'wer ^ylln are sincerely desirous of pminotinK a tn-aty nn terms hoaorable to both cnnntrleia; That a fair ami liberal reciprocity tn-aty would deyelop the R-reat natural re- .sonrcos of Canndn, ■would enormously increase tin- trade and coininerce botweon tin two countries. \yonId torn! to onconraR-o frii-inlh' relations bot\yoen tho two peoples, wonld romoye many causes which haye in tho ]iast proyokod irritation and trouble to tho Govornmonts of both countries, and would promote tlioso kindly relation.'! bo- t^voon tho Kmpire .and tiio Republic \ylil(-li afford the best Ruarantee for peace and prosperity: That tho TJberal party is prepared to on'er into nopotiat Ions with a view to obtaininpr such a treaty, inclndliisr a ■\yell considered list of manufactured articles, and we are satisfied that any treaty so arrapROd will receiyo the assent of Tier Ma- jesty's Goyornnient, witiio.it whoso approyal no treaty can bo made. r this Dhstacic to liioli. wliilo not ilo- il<', II 11(1 lia.stt'ii the )!' Ihiihsi, iiMrninii- liKhtly ;is posslhio I'liinoli' fiiMT tra M' I'in'lod Stnli-'s, KTi'VidUSly diSM])- llii' i'oinilr\-. Ir tlin 1 piiliry is now clcirlv dc- 1 |ioli.\-, :nwl now hat siicli ("■hiinwoR 11 3 I'LIUTY Ol' AU.niNlSTRATION— CONWKMX fOllRl I•T10^ ;' That lhi> I 'oiivcntion dcphMiM the ktoss coiriiption in thi' niiumnunioiit and liroUKht disKi'ai'i' upon thr fair namo of Canada. The r.oy.TiinuMit, wliich profited politically by lliesc ixppnditur.s of puldh- iiionoys of whioli tlio peoylo have hccn dcf ra\idcd, ami which. n.vorth(dfSS. l\av.' n.'V.i piinishi'd 111.' Kiiilty parlies, must he held rosponsihle fur the wnrnKdoinK. We ai- rainii the Cnvertnnent tor relaininK in olllco a Minister nf tlie ("rown pmved to have nopeolrd larn'(^ contributions of money for oloetion purposes fiom the funds of a railway company, \yhich. while payiiif," the political contributions to liim. a member ef the Covernuient. with one liand. was rcccivinR 0(.vprnnu'tit subsidi s with the otlni-. * Tlic conduct of tlo' Minister ami the approyal of liis colleagues after the pi f bocnmo known to tlioni are calculated to denrnde Canada in tlie esl im.ii ii>u i>f t!ie world, and doscrye the si'yero condemnation of trio peoide. 4 IIKM.VND STIIKTKST KfONOM V— nKC»K..\SKn lOXI'KMU'l"! HIT id. and unjust to I riff chatifres b.isi'd he hiirdr-ns under with the fullest We cannot but' view with alarm the larjjrc increase of the public did.t .mil of the controUablo annual expenditure of the Dominion and tin' conseriuent undue taxa- tion of the people un.ler the Governments that have 1 n continuously in powei- since 1S7S, and we deniaml the strictest economy in the administration of the go\-- ernmcnt of the country. r, FOH nESPONSini.E OOVEnXMUXT — IMJEPENniOTK or r.VHI.IAMKXT ited Stales .as ad- tlierc should be ' Viet ween tlioni: would be ni.lleri- rked prosperity to !!■ conutr\- in 1 .SlU sleadinR- and dis- f^.ity. but that, on (1 as they .are bv ty: place a partv in honorable to both proat natural re- erce botweon the the two peoples, alion and trouble idly relations be- ee for peace and ! with a view to ifactiired nrtltdes, Rsent of Tier Ma- That the Convention rcfjret.s that by the action of Ministers and tlndr su|>- pnrters in Parliament, in one case in which serious charges were made .iKaiiisi a Minister of the Crown, inve.stipration was altosetber refused, while in another case the charpes preferred were alteri'd and then referred to a commission appointed up- on the advice of the Ministry, contrary to the well settled practice of rarlianniil : and this Ccmvention aflirnis: That it is the ancient and undoubted right of the House of Commons to imiuiri- into all matters of public expenditure, and into all charges of miscondaci in olhee apainst Ministers of the Crown, and the reference of such ^matters to royal commis- sions cre.iled iipcui the a.ivice of the accused is at variance with the due resprui- sibilliy of Ministers to the House of (Vunmons, and tends to weaken the atithority of the House over the Kxecutive Government, and this (""onvention nfflrins that tlie powers of (he people's representatives in this regrard should on all fitting occasirnis be ui)held. «.- -THE I..\Nn FOR TITE SETTLER— XOT FOR THE SfEfirVTOR That in the opinion of this Convention the sales of public lands of the Domin- ion should be to actual settlers only, and not to speculators, upon r.asouable terms of settlement, and in such areas as can be reasonably occupied and ciiltiv.ited by the settler. 7._OI'POSE THE DOMINION FRANCHISE ACT— FAVOR THE PROVIXCIAI. FRAXC'IIISE That ho Franchise Act since its introduction has cost the Dominion Treasury over a million of dollar.s, besides entailinp a heavy expenditure to lioth political parties; That each revision involves an additional expenditure of a further quarter id" .a million; 12 Tli.n this (xpiiuUluru has provciiti'il an annual n vision, as oilHinaUy inhiidod. in ihc alisriii-c of wliicli ynunw voliTs I'lilillc-ij In iIh' Tranrliisi' lia\i'. in iuinii'r(Mi> iiislanccs, Ihth in-i'Vi'iil id I'lnin i'X<-riisiiin lln'ir natural rights; )lp 'I'liat it, has t'aili'd In si'fnii' unilUfni ity, which was the i)fini'iiial reason as- siKiiiil lot- its int idiliiction : >lll That it has in'oilnrcil ki"ss aioiscs liy iiaflisan bai'ristcis appoint imI 1i.\- tin f;n\cTiiniiiit oT tile ila.v; ■j'hat its pro\'isions ai-i- hss lilnial than those alreaily •■>;istiii«- in inan.v J'fo- viiicos of tile Dominion, and llial in the opinion of this Convention tlie Aei should be ri'pi'aled. and we should levert to tln' I'lovineial Franchise. s. — xii.viNsi- riiio (;i<;iti{Yn\M>r.ii— coi .\TV iioi MiAitiKs siioi i.n uk imik- iiii s.\ i That li.\- the (lefiymandcf Arts, the clocloral divisions for the nlufii of niein- bois to till' House ot ("inniuons havo been so made as to pre\eiii .1 lair ixpiession of the opinion of the eouuti>- at Ihe K<'iieral elections, ami to secure to the parly now in power a siieu^tli out of all pro]iorti(Mi greater than tlie nninher of eli'clors snp- portiiiK theni wioild warrant. To put tin end to this jibiise, to m.ike th<' llonso of t'cunincois a l.iii expnneni ni' public opinion, and to preserve the historic continuit.v of counties, il is desiiMhh that iu tlic> formation of eloctoraj divisions, county boiiji- dariis siiould l>e presi'ived, .and tlial in no case parts of different counties should be put in one electoral division. tie pn up wli ». — Till-; .Si:\.VTIO IJKI'IUTIVK AMIOXIJ TIIIO COXSTITt TIO\ The present constitution of the Senate is inconsistent with the Federal prin- ciple in our system of government, and is in other respects def<'ctive, as it malces tlio Senate imiei)endent of the people and uncontrolled b.v the pulilic opinion of the country, and sliould be amended so as to bring it into liarmon.y with the principles fif popular goviriimeiit. 10 (tlK.STIOX OK PUOIIIIilTION — A »0)II.M(>.\ IM.KIillSCITl!: That whereas ])uhlic attention is tit present much Mn lia\'c, ill iHiiiicroii.- till' IT"! ■■■■I i vc pii nciiili'. lull iip'iii ilic rci|iii n'liiiiit s of tin. imlilic >ir\iii'; "'I'lial I ln' i-\isliiiw laiilT. rniiluliil ilpmi an niisomHl piilM-iiilr. ami ils.il. as ii lias lii'i II liy llic ( "im ciniiii'lil . as a c-iii-|il|il i iik a«<'iii-\- w licnw i I li lo loip l luinsi l\i-s ill iilllfc, lias (li\i-icipii| iiHPiiii|iii|ii's, liiisis am! iniiilijiiat imis, "It lias (IciTfasi.-il the xaliii- nl faiiii ami ntliir laiKJcij |i|i ipirt y ; ap|iiiiii|p,i ],y (ii,. "Il lias iippnssi'il llic masses ii> the .■iiricliiiiciil cif a li'W, ■It has c-hfckcd iiiiiiiiKTal imi ; " It has caiisi'ii ni'i'il l"-'^-'^ "' pupiila 1 inn ; sliiiK- ill many J'ni- ■■|, |,;,., i,|,p,Ml,Ml cMiim.Tia.; iliiiii till' Act should . . . , . • " " It has disi'iiminati'il aKninst liical Mrilani, J "111 llii'Sr ami in niaii.\' ntlii'i' \va,\s it has occasiiiiii'd mi a I pnhlii- ami prixalc iniiiry. all "i uhiih I'Vils must i-untinih' In lii'nw in Jni nisil > as Inim as tlif pnsint tariff IIOII,l> UK ,.,U-:- system remains in J-nre,.^ "'I'lial llie liit;lii'St inierests nf ("anaila deiiiaiid a remnval nf this nhstaile In niir cniiiilrys pm m ss h,\- llie adnptinn nf a snuml tisial pnlic\'. wliieli, while imi liniiij;^ iiijils- the return ,,f ineiii- ,j,.,. ,,, .,,1^. ,.i;|.,f;, will pi-niimle (Inmeslie ami fni-ei'^ii trade, ami hasten i he relwrn nf " '1 Inir I'xpressinn i<- In the parly now '<'!• nf cleelni'H siip- iiriko tlie House of ami ellicieiil ynverniiieiil ; istnrie- conlimiity of In-nsperil V In nur penple; •■'I'hat tn that end the tariff slimild h" rediieeil in the needs nf Imnesl, eeniinmleat I'liis, enuiiiy boiui- eouiities sliiiiiKl be' "'I'liai it shnnld he sn adjusted as t( the Nalional I'oliey. as aii.vnm' iiia.y sec from their spoeidios diirintr Ihe i.leeiiou of l.STN and in the budget speeches of I he Klnance Ministers in siibsciiuont years, made Ihese prnmises, aiiinnnst ntlieis; To abolish biisiiiess de|u essinn. Tn sln;i the' exndus. To tmii Ihe "balance nf trade " in our favor To ta.\ llT-ilish ^^oods in the bulk less Ulan fnieimi. To Kiye Ihe farmer a home niarkel. To deyelnp nur miupral wealth. To obtain reciprocity with the rnited .States. '|-o reduce the debt In Jlnn.nfiO.nOO by iv.in 'J"o place a millinll penple in the Xnrthwest by IS'.tl. The last feat was In be .leenmplished mily in part by Ihe .Vatinnal I'olicx-. " W^' liaye yast lerrilnries to till nii in the Nnriliwest and Uritisli Cnlimibia, that Kbuious land which herd Imfferin lately yisiled and spokf- so apprnviiiKly nf. It is our duly to till en lliese territories, to de\ elnp their wonderful resources, and we can best assist in doiiifj; so 14 I li\ III!' iiiliipi inn lit' .1 iiiillcv wliicli will l( ii'l t'l ill pinvc till' i'linilillnn s in ilie dnties whii h wire tn liriiiK aliniil his l'in|iheries, t hi- I'rniliui inn 111' jii.n irnn in ('anada was 4ii.0iin tuns. Lasi ,\ear, aernrdink' tn the imn mens own sla leimiit, the prndui'iinn was rin.iluu tnns. Tn aehii'\ t this result, the ti-rm fur which the hnunlii s were Kianteil has been extended until IMH). Instead nf any army nf 'JajjiJii men, then' ai''. aei-nrilin^;- tn the irnn nien'ij stateiiMiit, mily nne-tweiil ieth of that number. Therf has hien im mineral develnpnient tn spe.ik nf, and the iron duties liave eonfes.-'edly failed. The advi'i'se balaiiee nf tradi' was eitiil hy Sir hi'iliald Tilley in his liudKel speech iif 1N71I as 11111- lit the iirinie causes nf hard linns and he prnpnsed tn lurn it the othei' way. liiil si. ICC lS7!i the so-called balance of trade has been a^jalnst ns to the tune of .'tijiiii.niiii.M' II. as necessarily must happen to a bnrrnwinj; cnunli.s- situated as this is. THADK WITH liUITAIN. .\s tn the taxation of British B'linds. Sir henminl in is7!i declared: " Tt may b' said we shall receive frnni the iniDort.s from foreifcn enuntries a lurKcr share of the .<2ii,i'thi.iiiiii wi' rt'qiiire than we shall receive from the mother country. 1 believe sue) will be the effect. Hut I think that in makiiiK- such a stateincnt to the Jlouse, belonj^in^ as we do to, and forminK a part of that Ki'<^at country — a country that receives our natural p- 'nets v>ithout any taxation, everything' we have to send her — apart from our nationn' s, I think this House will not object, if in the propositions before me the ilutli - .iiore heavily the imports from foreign countries than from our fatherland." The fact is the reverse of wliat waa promised. Hritish goods in the bulk ar- taxed more severely than American. Tlic duty ItTied upon the whole of the country'? imports of Hritish goods amounted in the liscal year endinR 30th June, 1893, to 22 pu oent., while the duty levied upon the whole of the Imports of American goods amounted i l:!»4 per cent., a discrimination against England on the whole volume of trade of mot' than 8 per cent. A large amount of the importation from the I'nited State's was ii guilds that are Imported free of duty for the benellt of manufacturers Writing these o'f trail pnvi rniti 'li.'in as III aggi. indii'a relatii State- than with for ad neeth 1S:i2i service and h •lone il trade still fu inti-res \:> iiiiiifacturcr — Si)«'i'<"l< 'J>' lit.ilios iiii'l nif s.iti.Ti", solutiiiiis i>f ,1 iMiards i)f |- iii<> (•■'iiiilry I,. SmlliNV'St I, iiu> llll.l«ft III N'irtliwist ill was I'Xces- ,1^,1 (ll 1N>T. ntli conli>1.iu-i- n,l Ills" l'> "'« in til.' Norlli- ,1 ,.,iil'l'i>iii'm (yoiw s I . I'll ti> 1.1 iif'siit rUy." does Mill 'iil<'' nols, liartlwari', .,. ariirU'S now tlial imiiit — thf ■ll," whicli \\( dnllais of iiiiiiiiils I'nim lirllnin. eipii va lent In :!ii p. r i int ; ami se\ en ami t liree-llf i lis mllllniis was l.\ i.-il III limy 111. on the iwenl v-eiuhi mid oir-lialf mlllir .-i iif dollai's Imporled fiom tlif rnile( the ( 'inyeiiimciiL Hoard of 'Prade, shows Ih.it in 1S."il I'.ritish imports from Cauada cnnsl it iited l.ii per cent, nf the total imiiorts 111' llilt.iin, wlicieas in IxitO they constituted almiit :i per cent. In Is.-.l nritish exports III Caiiaila wore per cent., whilst in the saim' pci iml liritish tr.idc willi the rnlted !!' iIil' <'<>iiii>'<'I Inn In llillaln aiiil its ^al'ii- til I'aiiai-la. ItKCIIMUKlTY AM> TAI-L <"IIIMNKYS. 'I'lial III'' N. I'. W'Milil liiiil 111 sriiirr ri'iiiniiiil >■ with l In- I'nili-ii Hlalfs lluiiiiK'li i-i lipriwil .\ 111' laiilTs was sit rmlh In Sir Jnliii .ManluMa Ms ri snlni imi nf ISTs and elsf- \\' h I.' I ■ ■ \\i- lia\r ni'l K.il ri'ripiniil ,\ , 'rilr la I a ' ImsHiiMI illln Wllliil lllr ( iuvi Til llli'll I lias pnl lliis iiMiiiiiv ill I'liniii !■! inn Willi iIh' siiain mynl ia I inns wliicli wire cnttri'il iiiln fnr ilh' iiKipns.- n|' I'xl lira I i ii»v 1 lii'iiisi l\is I'rnni I 111' cnnsfi|iii',ii-i's nf iliiir niisrcpri'SfiUatioiiH prini' In aial .liiiinv; iIm' ^;i'iioral ■ Pi-'ams nf IMi| arc ilialt Willi in aimtlii'i' plai-i- in tills pa iiipli li'l . II is siillicli'iil In sa.\' thai siilis 'Miniil I'Viails liavi' slinwn iml niil.v that. in tills priiiiiisi ilii' aiiinnrs nT IIh' X. I'. lia\c I'aili'il. Inn alsn llial llicx' wiTi' njipiisoil to lu-cfpl iiiu' rcripiniii \ wIk'ii iln- nppiu i imii y pri'Si^m fii iistlf Till' ixnilns «as In Ik> slnjipi'il anil lall rliiii:iir\s wi ri' pinniisfil. and an iill-alisnrliiii^; liiirativi' lionic niaikil I'nr llii' faiiiuT ■(iiir wniknun." Sir Jnhn Mardnnald di-clari'd In line nl' Ills picnic- spci rill s, "ran !"■ tiillv- iMiiplnyi'd if wv (Miconriiprp our iiiiinul'ar-liiros ; tlicy ill id nni ^11 nvi r tn I In' Slalis In add siri'iiK'tli and wealth ti> a I'nreiMjn cDiintry and tn dcpii\i' us nl' that stri-iij;lli and ^vralth." In liis r.'sniiil inn nf ISTS In- said: " Siudi a i)nlir>- will rilain in ("anada llmusaiids '>( nnr ftdlnw-i-minl i yiiH'ii imw oliliMTi'il tn I'Xpairlati' llimisidvcs In sianli nl tln' I'lnjilnv nn ul diMiied tlieiu at lionio." 'I'lio roinnval i>( dipi'i-ssinu, thr inaUHnralinn • !' an iia nf prnspi'rily. was aimllier slandaril priinilsc Ijiinl Lnrui'. a fri'c iradi'r. w.; -• uido In say in thi' spi-i'ili friiiii tln' tlirnni' in IST'.t that the N. I" wnuld "aid in ii'innviiiK' llii' rnninunial and tlnanclal df-prossion wliiili unliappll.v I'liniiuui's In exist." In 1'<^J llii' n-lurii nf I bo Cnnsrrval ivf party was asked In nrdif tn assuie fnri ign inveslnis, wlui -wiri' wailiii^r tn plai-e tluir millions, llril iliin nilKlit safid,\ iln sn. In his huilK»M speech that ytar Sir I.ennaid 'I'lUey told the inaiiii- faetiireis In "clap nu all sail." and Innkcd fnr a liniiiu period nf indidlnite lUiratioii. Xniie of these innniises have lieeii realized. Instead nf a home markfct alisorbInK Ihrir surplus prnduels at hin'h l>iioes the fanners expnrt iimre than ever and prices Were never sn low. lUte is a coninarisnu of prices taken from the records of th ■ Ontarin IJiireaii of Indnslries. Not KoiiiH' back .nore tlian ten ye.irs it is shown that in this pro vinee iiriees had fallen por hiishel a.s follows: 1894. 1SS4. J>er cent. Wheat JiJ rif) $0 8.1 31 Iiarle.\- 3S 53 24 Oiils 2S 33 ];-) Ft.ve 4.", ,-i;i 24 I'eas .'ill (!4 22 Hay per ton 7 ."ai Si "lO Potatoes :;."i 40 .\s for the condition of trade in recdil years and now. Ilie least said the hller 'I'lie policy wliich was to prevent such a lliiim as detii its has failed in that resp- i too ami a Tory Finance Minister has had a huKei' delieit than was known under the inallKiiec Mackenzie ailniiiiistration. It is easy for i partisan speaker to indulge in the vaRU. assertion ilial the N. I', lias beer a blessiiif;-. but when iritd b.\- 11 ily satisfactory lesi namely, a conijiarisoii of its perft.rniaiiecs with its promises, in dciail. ii turns out t- have been a general all-round dlsappointineiit. The inference is plain that such progres as has I n made since 1S7S or ISTSl lias ' ii made nnt by reason of it, but b.v reasoii of that naiiir.il yrowlli and development wliicli all new countries enjoy in a .special dcKiec. Thai ii has liroiinht certain Infant industries into a cold world, and been of more or less beiiilit to some old ones nrcd not he denied. Init this has In eu ilone at Ih expense of olhtr industries. '» ■A iiinu (•iiiiiincrciiil rs iif the liillish siliiM is ;i uriMl 1 I'.riiiiiii anil its 1 Slates lliiiiiiKli )f isTS and else- 1 ;iivcfiiiiiiiit has CIllfcliMl illti) fur Isi ('iiriseiitat ioiiH hci- place ill litis net eiilv tliat.in were iipitDseil to an all-al)Siirl)inR >iniiil (leeliired In iir iiiatitifaoUii-es; eiKii einmlry atiil hf said: " Stteli iiiiw (ililiKed t(i U'." 'I'lie renidval slaTiilarit pniiiiise icine in JST'.t tlial leprrssloiA wliicli party was asked iiillions, tlitl ilie.N told tlie niami- •tlnite duration. larVctt al)S(>rbin« ever and i)riees ds (>r til ■ Ontario tlial in this pro- Tel- cent. 31 •2i !,■> 21 I TliK KXOnLii. The rensiis destroys any jiretenee that the exodu.'^ h.is been stopped. So far from ftiiniliim- this promise the faet l.s tile exoiliis diiriiiK the ton years enUiiiK IJiHl was nioro than (l(Hil)le what it wa.s hetw IsTl imd ISS], and it was three limes as niiioh ,'.3 the exodus whii li took i)laee in Mr. Mackenzies linn, 'riii- lol.il annual exodus during llw Mackenzie re«-|me aceordiiiK to tlie lulled States statistics wa.s prohaldy not more than ;!L',OiiO all told from l.STI to IsTS; certainly it did not exceed 4L'.(MI(J lakiiiK' into account tile entire ldreinn Imrn iminiKration wiiich came to ('anada I'uriii^: lliat jierioil. What has heen llie loss under the piotective iiolie.\V If we may count the natural increase in Canada as ^reat as in the riiiled Stales, and the general rule is that fam- ilies in this country are larger tlian over lliiie. llii' natural im lease i,( mir poi)ula- llon was (11)1, liiM* between 1.S81 and IMM. In adilition, unless tile ( iovernmenfs new immigration statistics have heen a sham and a fraud, there were broUK'it into Canida in the last census decade NSH.OOd iinmiM:ra iits. .\dil that numher to the i;iH,unii of a natural increase and the total Is 1,490,OUO. Thai i.s wliat the increase of our popula- tion should have been according to the Government's own blue books. Subtract from llial the actual iiiereasi', wliich was 5(14,000, and there remain li.Sll.Ooii souls missinij. Where are the.v? All tluse wild went away were probably not native-born Canadians. There may luive been only ;iOI),000 of them who behuiKed to our native-born population. But thi- total loss was '.IS, 600 per annum durinn- the> ten years of the National I'olKy, ■■IS compared with .in extr»nie estimate of -12,000 a year in Mr. Mackenzie's time. In place of their natural increase .New Mrunswiek only wained sixty-tliree souls in the decade ending IS'.l!; Prince Kilward Island one hundred and ninety, and Nova Scoti.i. nine thousand nine iiundred, while the total increase (ov the Maritime l'ro\'inces, wilii (Jntario and tiuelji'C, was about eiKht per cent, (including a considerable nuinlMr of emi- grants). This i.s scarcely more than half the increase which took place in tliose of the Sonthein Stales whicli sutT( red niosi severely from the civil war in the dicade from ISGO to 1S70. Tluse gained fourteen per cent, in those ten year.s. It is considerably less th.in the increase in ICiiKlaml and Wales in tin- ten years from ISSI to Isol. in spite of the fact that there was a larK'e emigration from tliose countries. The rural population i.s decreasing /f"he practical elTecl oi tlie protective pidicy is to .attract industries and population from villages and towns to lar^e centres. The whole of the increase, such as it is, lias been in the towns, and at least two-tliirds of it in the two cities of Toronto and .Montreal and their suburbs. Immi^f ration has cost two millions and been a failure. Our returns alletre that w( broiiK'it in s-sti.ooo emigrants from l,sM id i.sji who declared theii; intention of settling in Canada. tiur census shows that of these scarcely one hundred and llfty thousand remained. The I'nited Slates census returns for ISUO shows that there were tlien about nine hundred and oipiity thousand persons born in (.'anada then resident in the I'nitod States, and about one and a half millions of cliihlren born of Canadian pari'iits. It is to be noted that of iliese nine hundred and eigiity thousand, a very larsje proportion were men in the jiriine of life. Further- more, fads have been recently laid before tlie House of Commons wiiich i>rove th.it tliere are Krounds for believing that wross frauds were committed by our census enumor- ator.u, especially in Nova Scotia, and many persons who had left Canada several years ago were returned as residents. said the !)■ tier that resp' ; too der the mallKneii Ifji- in the vatjrie satisfactory tesi it turns out t' lal sucli proprts it, but by reasoN ujoy in a special id. and been of Ibcen done at tli Wll.lT ll.VVK TIIK KVKMKItS IIKMOFITKU f Protection is specially unjust to tlie fanners, miners and other producers of materials -whose price is made in the foreign markets. The tariff cannot possibly secure to them belter jiri^"'''^ '"'' what they sell — all it does is to make them pay more for what they have to buy. "It has decreased the value of farm and other landed property." Ac- -cording to the Bureau of Industries of Ontario in 1882, the value of farm propei*ty of the Province, exclusive of buildings, was Jti,'!2,000,000, and in 1.S92, $615,000,000, a Teduetioii of 2Vi> Per cent. lUit during that ten years the number of farmers was increa.sed from 201,000 in 1SS2 to 2-1], 000. The additional 40,oOO farmers added nothing to tne value of the farm lands of the I'rovince. In 1882 there were l!l,000,000 acres occupied and in lS!t2, 21,000,000 acres, yet tlie 2,000,000 additional acres brought under cultiva- tion added nothing to the value of the land in 18'J2. It costs about $20 an acre to clear .land and there were 1,750,000 acres cleared during the years beetween 1SS2 and 1832. IS TJiut iimoiintH to ^lin.nno.ooo .'Kldcil to ihc \mIuo on tliiit iiccoimt. As tlip l.iml Moltl.'d upon WiiH wortli iit If.ist $l(l mii acii' this Ih mm ailililloiial valiir of ^Jii.immi.immi, 'I'Iht'- fori', willioiii coiiiill'iu llii iiii|iro\iMi(iils niaili' on tarm lainis In llif way of (Iralnaniv rprlainiintr wot lands and In many ollii r ways, tlicro sliould have liccn, acfoi-dhiK: to lln'sc llK'iris, $ri:i,( .(mn nioir vaho' in IMii' tlian ISSL'. Tliii-t I'oif (liavlnn luil iMi|irovi>- inonts) the \alii(' of farm lands |o-day Is $7Ll,iiii(t.iHi(P liss than H would lia\c ln'cn if tin lands liad mainlaincd llic value llify lia:;•.', $1 lit.'diS.dOO, showing; a decrease of $i;o.nri;i,niiO in 1892. I> nia ..r sill wil sm Ti MAM r.\( TlHi:i«S' IMtOI'IT.S AMI I'A lOI Kits' fltOI'ITS. The 'lucstlon Is asked sometimes, wliy arc larni lands decri'asinpr .in valiK'? They at' decreasing for the same reason that otior stocks decrease — l)ecansi' tlie jirolit, after tiii •expense of woikiiiK tlK'in is paid, is so small. (Jompare the returns fioni farm land.- with the profits upon capital diverted by the protective pidiey into maiiufaetiiriiiK indus- tries. Renietnlier that not (Uily .are the farm iand.s starved (nr want of money at a ]n\\ rate of Interest for their imiirovemeiit. Inil in addition to heiim thus di piivc il of the u.s. of the capital of tlie country, the fanners ari' obll>?ed, by proleetlon, lo pay tlie hiph rate of i>rofit upon tlic capital invested in tlie tariff-fe,) maiiiu'act urint; induslrics. I'-or till' rensdn the following comiiarisnn of iirolits has fcreat interest for the farmers and the Kre.i' masses of our jieople \vhosi> welfare is liound up with tli.ii nl llie farmers. Accordlnp to the T,, 219, S.'JT.OOii 44(i,f|(»" 9S.'?,lJ0i' 7 hand employed by Iiini. I llii> 1:111(1 s.'lll.'il :o.ll(l(l.(HI(l, TIllTf- way ol' draliiiiKi'. icciinllnK til Ilii'Si iriK I'liL liupriivi- h.UC llii'M \f 111' l)iick\vlu':ir, boniTJ jicfMirillnK to 111' l.r.liS.IKill, slidwlM^: rs. 1 vmIiK'? Tlii'V 11' !• iiriilil. iiflcr 111. li'Mu farm latiil.- nil'ai'liirinK iiiilus- i( lUDiicy at a !o^\ ■privi (I :!, siiT.O')!' 47,"., 4 Mi, OH" 2riri,!is,'?,oO" !>!t,TfiS,0(l" liilT.UO" 2i'.t.m;i,niri -'7. 3JI Hilatlo Hurcau i" $y7!>,y79,oo [117,000 |l."iO,000 . 114, 907, 0'" liirc the labor <■■ \ Diviiiing' tlio n, • f mount made pi ■. a year. Tli, )f tile laborer 1 |4 iiruflt on ever; lit TA\F: TAKKN il\ MWl'FAC TLIIMIIS. In rollsllllTJnn the I'nsl In the I'OMSIinii'l- III' llle .N.ltjiill.ll I'lillr.N-, II has 111 111' l-l'llli'lll- hr.i'il thai an linnx'H.se .•iiiioiinl ot Miuney is aii'iiiallv lakiii riniii Ih,' pinpli' 1>.\ llie manUfaoliirerH. besliliH the tax which Koes hilo ilie piililir rivi inn-. II is nl Ihe issiiu o .if :i proteeliye talilT Ihal llii' ma niifacl iiiirs shall he i-iiahliil in rnlliit Imm Ihe eon- .siimer.s a larnii suiii Ihaii ums liiln tin' i I'lsnry. As a. iiili- lln' hnnie ma n iil'aet iir< r will oliarne ,il| he e,in wilhniit ailiiiil I in^ ihe tiiiel>;:ii aiiiele. This is maile i .isier In a small liiarUi'i liid' Caiiaila h\' Ihi- lasi, Willi wliieh riiiKS ami i niiihiiii'S eati Ik' I'liniH'il. To lllnslraic: T,;isi year the diiiies were, s.iy, $jii.iieii.'iiiii, in roiiml lli;iires. The wholes, il^rn' .itid retail dialiis' prolits upon llieir iiuriased millay as a result o|' their h.iyiiin to jiay the doty woiilil he forty per oent., ur a tol.il of |s,uoo,ooo. That was an lneldent:il tax. Then, too. m.in\- poliiieal i coieimlsl s la,\- down Ihe ba.sis of e.aleiila t Ion that for ever,\ $;! of duly p.ihl into the i inveinmi-n' the faiaiier pa.vs .'f.'i of ineidi'iii a I taxa- tion to 111' domeslle niaiiiifaet iinr. rpon tliat b.'isls the ineidiental lax llie eua- siinier has paid to the domeslle ma niifael iin is in conseiiuenci- of the exisliiui' of he iluii's up, 111 the class of K'oods broiini't into I Ue country which are maniifacturiil in the eiiuntiy ha.s ainoiinlid to $",1, ,11110. Sn the Kross amount In, sides lip, Ji;o,i)ihi,000 is the merehants' prolii upon the duly, which Is practically .1 llr.st cost, $.S, 000,000, li'Urlhir Willi 111' ' luiileiiia i lixilioii or Ihe iiih.ineed eosi of the iloiiicslic hiumIm jiro- ilueed in tills eonntry, $:', 1.000.000, The sum of $1; 1.01111,01111 is lliu.s exliacled from the pockets of the consnmeis of uiiiili mily $JO.OOO,000 ruis into the reyenne of tlio coiintr.v. This ma,\' not be mat heiiiatic.ill\- eorrcet ; it is an .i|iproxiiiiatc ca Iciilal ion. It l.'s probably well within the mark. Whatever the exact liw-iin s thf, sum is > ii'Hiiiou.s iind the farnuT is blfd in lli aiiiier illnsliiiled by lhp.se figures. WIIRIII TIIK HKVRM I-: HKCKIVKS XO IM'^M'^riT. Moreover there ate many cases in wliieli the tariff is actuall.v or \irtually inoliibitive, and in these instance.s thi' puhlie is often very hcavil.v taxed while the iiveiiue receives no lieneflt whatever. l''or example. Canada consumes about three liiindred million pounds of siiKar. This is t.ixeil about two dollars per barrel of three hundreil piiuiuls. The pcoiile have, (in an averaiie of years, to pay some two million dollars a year and scarcely anythlnK is paid into the treasur.v. So similarly in rice- We consume aluiiu twenty-live million pounds. The tax costs the people over three liundreso men must and will charvce his trade prolits and expenses on thu cost of the article to him. It often happens in this way that a tax of liO to .l.'i per cent, in the first instanc(> will involve a tax of .'lO, CO or 70 per cent, to tlx' tinal purchaser. This applies In some degree to all customs tariffs and is a very stroiiH- arsunient against a liigh rate of tariff even for purely revenue purposes. Assuming that wn now pay sixty millions of taxes a year, it follows that as there are scarcely one million families in Canada, every family, on the average, lias to pay about sixty dollars a year. nillT.AIJr'S CVSTOMS TAllIPP. In England the total revenue from the customs is about one hundred millions, raised from eight millions qt families, who pay at the outside an average of a little over twelve 90 iliillar.s per (aiiill,\-. Tln' rfiiiMlinlri- u( ilic rcvcimc Ih r.ilNcd by mm IncnnK' l;i.x, fallliii,'' ohiilly oti tlio wciiltlilor |>iirt dI' the roiniiumlly, .nid l)y cxtlHi', wlilcli Is in s xli'iil ii voliinlary |>MyiiM'nt. In |ioiiit of fact tlic aiiKHiiil ol' c'iiHti>niH diitirM iircrHHiirll} imiil liy a I'.rlli.sh WMK'o-canii'r may fairly he put al a iiiui li lowtr IIkiii'c tiiaii iwclvi' ilnllarH pt'r f.iMilly, an a ycry lai'Kc part of the cuHtnmH (liiiii'H arc iliTlvfil fnnii laxi-H on luxurli'H wlilrli lie (IcM's mil cDiiMiimi' al all. and almiil nnt'-lialf (lll'lv iiillllnn.-) m- iliiTfalxaiiH) arlm'H from tln' duly on loliaccr), wlildi In- may or nia\ not iisf, al his own pli'asurc In lin' caHc of till' Caiiadlan llirre Is no cHiapc. All lo can do Is lo cliooMi' wln'tlior lif will pa\- Ills tax Inio the treasury or Into tlir pockol of the proK'clid mannfa-hirir. 'rin> llilllsu fiiHloms tariff ylilds a total ri'vcnuc of about fJn.iiOO.OOO, as fcdlows: On lorciKii splriM I I,:; '.to, (Kid Win.' l,i;il!S,000 Tobacco ' 10,11' 1,01)0 Tea, cocoa, coffee and clilcory ' :!, 7 15,000 DrloU fruits ;!l,-i,non MLscclIancous 33,000 Total £10,so.-,.0iin Tlio I'lnnllsli cxiisc laws arc so arraiiRcd on spirits, wints and lobaiiiis that 111' homo producer lias absolutely no protection. As the Uritisli ciislonis law siaiids then - fore £:'(!. 000. 000 IsicoUcclcd wlthoul lliere boinff a ypstiffc of protection In llie larllT. SPKCIFK' lU'TIKS. AniouK llie man.\- pronUsi^s of ilie tariff revision (in I MM ) was llie total or partial abolition of speeilic duties. These duties, levied on the iioiiml. the yard, the buslrel, or the dozen, are unl'airl.v heav.v on consumers of cheaper grades of (joo.ls. To lax a yard ol cheap cloth the same amount as a yard of cloth of superior (]nailty I' a nianifist Injustice to I'Onsunicrs of coarser lines. This In.justlce i»crtalns to all spt-cille duties, and us in ol her ob.iectlonable features of the Canadian tarilY. the revision has left matters little or i.o bettor than before. The Injustice Is in proportion to the Iluctuation ami r.-mwe of prices. As an Instance, the tax of t\vo cents per lb. on raspl>criies. , cherries, sliawbcrrles, etc., is tritllnt? when such small fruit are expensive luxuries. Hut. when the price falls and they become articles of common use. It may be as IiIkIi as .'.o |„.i' ('..nt. The Oovcrnment has a two-fold object in rctainhiK this class of duties. They lessen the burden on wealthy consumers, who are able most eftictually lo npiiose tlie protective sysieni, and they keep the public in iBiioranco of the extent to which they an' taxed. An innocent-lookinn' tax of a few cents p( r pound or per yard may, and does, conceal duties of more than 100 per cent. The following list shows some of the unjust discriminations elt'eeted by specilh' duties in the new Canadian tarilT. It does rot contain all the discriminations, land the widi'St variations have nol been presi'iited: Rate of duty co.sl ol Collars, per doz....24c per doz. and 'M> per cent $ii Collars, per doz.... 21c per doz. and i;5 per cent Cuffs, per doz. pairs.... te per jiair and 25 j)ei' cent.... Cuffs, per doz 4c per pair and 25 per cent Shirts, per doz....!fl per doz. and 25 per cent Shirts, per doz. . . .$1 per doz. and 25 per cent.. Blankets, per lb . . . . 5c per lb. and 25 per cent Hlankets, per lb.... 5c per lb. and 25 jier cent Oilcloth, per yani ) 30 per I'ent. but not less than Ic ^ Oilcloth, per yard ) per sfiuare yard ) Wall paper, borders, per roll. AVall paper, borders, pe Tweeds, per yard . Tweeds, per yard . Coatings, per yard Coatings, per yard fpon nn assiiiiR-d Kate per cent, of duty 5S 1-3 •■r roll. |.lV^c per roll and 25 ( er roll . ( . per cent ( t M 41 2-3 9R 75 1 92 50 4 00 50 20 00 30 40 37V4 (!5 33 8 50 T5 30 !l 41 2-3 75 27 25 65 2 00 30 1 00 35 6 00 26 2-3 I lie lax. fallliK,' siiiiic rxtcllt II tirll.v |>aiil liy a l\c iliillarH piT IS IPtl lllXlllll'H ■iiliiinlH) arlMi's isiii'i'. In till' iif hi' will iia\- Tlic lirlUsli 10,00(1 J IS, 000 :4,oi)o i.'i.ooo I .".,000 13,000 15,000 lar'ios that tli' V .stands thcri ■ the larilf. I piiii nil iiHhiiiiK'il Hull' p<-r mil ('l)nl of. llf (Inly. total 1)1- partial , tile linslifl, iir \t tax a yard ol inll'isl InjuHlu'i' itii'S, and as in Iters littli- or !.!> r.-niKi' of pricf.s. awliurrli'H, <'tc'., price falls and 'lie (ioverninont den (in wealthy and they kP.-p •nt-l(iiikinK tax le than 100 per ■ted by spicitle inns, land the ite per cent, of duty •>S l-li 11 2-:! ."■It .Ml 3,'J 50 30 41 2-3 27 05 30 3!-. 26 2-3 111 :■ 10 i:. TI.J I III) Kiite iif duly, overenal inK«. per .\aid .10 Overi'MMtliiKS. pel- yard 7 00 I '11 HI lie snap, per Ih ... He per III I:! ("a si lie snap, per 111 . , Jc per Ih il) ('aimed llsh, per lh....l',a<' per ran i>r paekiiKe 10 fanned iIhIi, jier Ih iO ('rhl!< duly Is hvled nn llie can.) Iliiiiks. . . .lie p.'i- Ih elieiip Ttiiiiks ... lie per Ih Snap, roniiiKHi, (icr lli. . . . Ic per Ih Snap. coiMiiHin. per Ih ...!<.• per Ih Chillies sviinners. each , . . . 2."(! each and L'll per ein'. CIolhe.M wringers, I'lieli , . . . .Tie each and M> per eeiii. Ilf"ady-m.i(!e ehithlllK. per .siih liei.dy-niiHle elnthlnw, per silii Sdcks and simklnns, per i\i>7,. pair. / pic per ihi/, nnd Hoc'ks iind sidekiniis. per doz. pali'. . N :t.'i per eciil DcHslcated cdiiia, per Ih . . . . oc per pininil Desskated encna, per lb. ... I 'iC per Ih rtice, ppr lb. ... 1 Uc per ih Itlce. per lh....l'4C per Ih Raisins, per lh....lc per Ih Raisins, per lb....lc per Ih I'riiiies. per lb. . . . Ic per Ih Prunes, per Ih . , . . Ic pei- Ih 1 ' 11 r ran Is. dried, per lli. . . . ]r )ier Ih « iirrants. dried, per lh....lc per Ih Vinegar, per ^al. . . . l."ic per nal V'lnejrar. j.er Kal....l,')r per Kul t'orn starch, farina, etc. ... 1 'jc per lli Corn starch, farina, etc . . . . I lyc per Ih Coal oil. . . .I'lC per Kill friini (hi to IDO Carpets, cotton warp, per yard. . . .lie per yd. ami 2,'i p.e. Carpets, cotton warp, per yard Carpets, all wool, per yard. . . ..'■(• iier sn. yd. and 2.'i p.c. I'arpets. all wonl, p(>r yard.... r.c per sq. yd. and 2."i p.c. CiirdiiKc. per lh....lVi<; per Ih. and 10 per cent CnrdiiKe, per lli....liiC per Ih. and 10 per cent Window shades, per yanl. ) li.'i per cent, hut not less ( Window shades, jicr yaid. I . than iic per sd. yard I BakiiiK iiowiler. per lb.... He per 111 nakiiiR- powder, jior 11) ... . (Ic per Ih On Iwepds. etc., where the duly is not staled ahove. the tariff taxes llic> Hiiods p.r [pound weij;:ht. ilius niaiUrestly presslnjf inoro heavily upon the coarser and heavier ^oods. KXTHAi TS KHOM THK T.MtlFK. I'ollowiiiK arc the dulies iinjiosed hy the tariff upon sonic of the ai'ticles in coinmim e; .-Vdzes and hatchets 3ii per cent. .\Kaie iron-ware • :!."> Agricultural iniplenieiits: MowiiiK niacliiiies self-hiiidinK- har- vesters, harvesters witliout hinders, hiniling' attachments, reapt'is. sulky and walkiiiK plou(.vlis. liarrows, ciillivators. seed drill and horse rakes 20 Agricultural implements: .\xes of all kinds, scythes, hay knives, liiwn mowers. inoiiKcd forks, rakes, hoes and other ayricul- tmral tools or Implements 3.5 dear I 5 20 in III 1 nil 2(1 ', III (III 2 2 1.. \ 0(1 12 30 (10 33 , fiO .'il 2 3 ' 10 (Kl lu; \-i 11 J-3 in 33 1-3 r. -•» 10 12 Mi It 20 12 Mi s 4 2.1 l,"i 1; 2-3 1/ K; 2-3 10 10 l.'i 100 30 ,10 10 M IS .S 1-3 from ("lO to 20 40 ."lO 31 ,10 3:1 1 00 30 10 22 '^ 20 KiU ID 50 20 35 30 20 Ihl 10 •-"i f .'ill AKrli'iiliiinil liii|>|(iipi iitM SliH\ I If MiPii.l.'M. r.ii c.iiIh imi ,\,,/.. miil L'.'i iHMii'iil Axlr KrcllHi- . ,, . J,-, llliKH or MiickM iif Ininr). llni'ii up lull', ami cnUnn Htiimh'HH bilKH . . 1!0 DaKM, c'llhiii. Ijiaili' liy I lie I lie W^ii, " Il;ms. IialHT, lulliliil of plain LTi llaklliK- pow.l.T (if. pir ill. Illllltiil wllf rilicliin ol itdll oi' Hicil :14c. '• HI ml. r I will.' \:\4j PIT .•'lit. I'I'lllHcl.s r„, ,„,,. I), ,,,„| 2.-. ItlmliiK (LMindry) 25 " llolt.s. iiiil.s ami waHliciH (If r Htoli Ic per jli. .iiitl U" llollH, niil.s 1111(1 WiiMliffM, Ifoii Of Hli'.l I.HH lliiiii ^-Ini'li In illa- """f"'''' Ic pif 111. and '.'.'i pi f niit,. InK not Iim.-j than :i.'. TlOiilH Mllil mIkich ( Ira then Itraci M of .sii.>< Ilralil.s Itra.s.s nall.s, rivets, HcriWH, etc HfllHllCH Hm kli's. iron or slcfl r.ucUlcs. Iifas.4 Hnildiis' hafilWiirc ;iji,4, llutlons, pnnlaloon, ..tc jii ("andliN. paraflln wax Ic. per Ih. f'andlis (ollii'f than aliovf> 2r. jicf nMit. • 'anily ami ronfcct iiim ry jif, .. <'np.'< find hatH, fur 2ri " f'apn ;iml lialH ami lionmls ;!() " Cnrpontcrs' rules ;jr, ■• • ■arp.t.'f (Iwi.-ply and lhi-Oi-ply iMRf.iin, wliosf w.irp l.'s wholly cdnipo.md of rcKton, or ndior iiiadTlal Ih in uoid. worMtod. hair of alpaia unal or otlu'f llkr aiiinin Is 1 . :ic per sq yd. and 2"i Carpets (tfcldc ingrain, tlifi'i'-idy or two-ply carpits cnniiiosi'd wholly of wool) .-, ,.,.nts p.f .s.inar,. yard and 2:> r.irpcts (other tlian !ibovo> ;i() CarrlnKPs, liuKpies, pl.a.siire enrls and similar vehicles (not • dsewliere siieclded ) — eostinK' not m( re tli.in $.Mi. $.- r.irh and l:,'i per cent.; costing more than $.'ifi ;!.", f'arriaK-es: Farm and treluht wn.tfons rts, diays and similar vehicles .ir, f'halns, trace, tnn' and Imlter r'liimnevs. lamji. ulass Chiii.iw.-ire an,| iinrcelain ware <'lnifns. Wood <'rocks and churns, cart lienuare. .'?c pi^r ruI. of IndillnK capacity. ( Mot Ires wrinK-ers J.-.ceaoh and Collars, cotton, linen, etc :;i,. ,,erd,,z. ami Cuffs, cotton, linen, ..tc |,. p,.,. p,,j,. ,.,„,] Cii\ltivators Currycombs and curr.\'cards Cutlery, l.ilil... n.,t plated Cutlery, laid.', plat.'d Cutlery. N. (). 1'., not jilated '/ Cutters and sleighs Duck, cotton, print, d. ilyed or colored Karthi'iiware .and stov.war.', Jiiks. crocks, etc., lie p.'r sal. caiia- Kartlieiiware, viz., drain pipes and tiles o- Karthonwar.', drain tiles not glazed 'o Edge tools, u.p.s o- Knvelopes, printed or not • • • ■ j^-^ :w .1(1 20 20 :'0 :i2li, :! 2 X'., _ .1 :in ao f i ( I 'J.'l |HM' ICIll 'J ."» :iL"i ■• LT. Ill', pir III ■',<■. •• I '.'•{, PIT .•'lit. I'll :!.■. Ill) l!7^ " ;ij»,i. " L'll l(.'. pi'f II). H.'i jicr iiMit. ;r. ;;() " ;!() :;2 i,i, :',n 2" :i.'i pi'i ciiit. . . ;ir. . . :iii . . riit as •■'.iiitilriu jijIIIn .'iiicI inirtH Il.nl. .(I win. f, ihliiK „f |,„„ ,„. „,,.(,| ,,^^, i'^^, |,_ lliii kllioiii „i),| mi||. fitiflMK- nf If. ,11 nr m j i^,, I'. tM|i/,.,H. iM.ii;,,,. 1111,1,., I ,,r niaiiiitii,tiiit,l .',-,. |„ ,„.,. ,.,.„, KI;1KS. I.HMIIllK ,.| ,.,,||,,|1 ;,„ KmiKh, |I|..MU,,|, h,,y, iiiMiiuri.. Clc riniilliir, , till I', ,||. Mil riiiH .V\l" i,..r,.ii«,. < iiln,lsi,itics Miill,.r ciijiltiH I I;, lllhH.IM Ilniiiws ,111,1 iiiirlM Il.ily. .•.•,;,s :|.|,l li,i|ini.|H, |ji,| lin I I.I \- kiihc-) I I^M 1 :i Ui.H. Wmiil In.lj:, fill, l„.r .111,1 W:il,>|iini,.r .•|ii||,|„i{. . I.llUll r|.,|hltm MilllKliM, WilsliliiK lliirvKt inlit.s jiii,l nulls ,iii,l kIi>v..s ,,|- m!1 kin, Is. Nnll.s ami .siiikcs Wll,. Ii.iils • 'lit iiallH • '"Ill ,ii! I'liMinhs. WMlkliiK ami siilk.v I I"IS(. la U>'K Ua!<"H. II,, I .•N,.wli,.|,. .s|i, ,111, ,1 l{l,'.'. ,|..;in,.il .■^Jiw.v ,,f all kin.l.s ^ Si ri.\v na !!.« S,'Mli,.s S,',\l li,. si ,i|i,'.>< S..fialMi,,is anil parts Shi'.ar^^ M'l'ii'iim- aial si n) Sliovi.ls and spailos Slfiuhv ,in.| s|. ,1s , , ' ' Snap I ,',,niiii,in I Soap a.a.stil,>, ninttlt^d or wliil,.) Starch SI, an. . iiKinos i pm-l a 1,1,. l Sl<.\ .'s Stove pipijs Stov,. .sliov,.l.s Sii|,^at- (raw abov- li; Dutth slan.lai.i and all' ri'linrd ') '. '. ' fi k'-.por 100 lbs. ^n'iaL.^s.'..'.v. .v.'.' .'.'.'.' .;:;■ .::::;: v..'. ■; •'•"'■ ''" "'• .- iirclnKifs (<-,ii|,,n ,,r l.fnip) Snsp,.n,l,Ts and lirarps riiili'i n-,.ar. nf all kiinls \ Washint; ln.'icliin,.s \Vin,,.vs. .■lH.,kpr,.,l. slrip,-,l ,.,■ fan,.y ,•,,11,,,, .... ..'.'.' ■>!, ."30 . 211 . :in . .'tr, . ;i 2 ' .J . ■-•T'i. . :io . ll'. PIT ll>. •'.< . p,r wal. -'II p,|-,CMl. . JO . :!.-> I 'ji-. |.,T II,. :>- ',:• p, r ccni. .•!0 :io . ... 30 . . . . I,'. p,r 111. ... IMtC ■• ■ ■ ■ "O ]„■]■ ICIlt, ... 2 7 ' n ... 2T't. .... :!o p,.]. (.piit. ill 1,1 :;:, ^\■ill,ll^il|v ■"I'll,. -Misliinis tariff ,,f Ih,. l),„nini..n .slimiPl l,o liase,! n,,l as ii is ,,,,^.- ,,, "••""-''- P-i-il'l''. l-t upon th.. ,v„ni,.n„.M,s „f ,„e piilili: . • i.-.^ in d i s ni, 1 '','/ tidjustod as .„ inak,. n... .„. ,., ,i.,aras li,|,„, as po^.l.le up,:: 'u.e "r L^ ^ ' ^ ,^ ...I, sl„i 1,1 , ,. s„ arraiiKvd as to pn.mot,. fre.r t,a,l.. will, the wli woil.l m,.r.. pirticu larly with Coat liiitain and the L-niti-d States.'' iMtticu- i 24 2. — Enlarged Markets — Reciprocity. n.'i i| ail' tt'Ml Iciil tlii[ "'I'liMi. liMViim' ifKnril lo I hf prospiTily of Cnnailn ,iiul tlio I'liiled .Statos as MilJoiniriB pfiiiiit riis. Willi iiiany iiiuliial iiitiTi-sls. it is drsiralilc tliat lliei'i' should Of tlii< most riiciiillv relations and bioad and lilx'ial ti'ailc int i rursi> l)t't\V(,'eii tliciu; "Tliat the intiri'sis aliUr ot' tlir Pnniinioii and of the Kmpiri' would ho inati'iially advanred hy tlii' est a lilisliiiifi ol' siicn i-idalioii.s; "Tliai the i)oriod oi" the old rcciiii-oclt >■ Irt.ilx was niic of niarkod pro.spci'ity to t lu' Hrilisli Niiiili Anni-icau cidonics; «!■■ nia\| pn p.'i ■•'riiai till' ini'ti'Xt iiiiiliT wliiili tln' ("iovffnini'iit appoalcd to tlie comitry in ISO! rospi'itiiiM lu'Kot iat ion for a tfeaty with tlu' Initi.d States was niisleadiHK ii'id dislioin'sl and "iitindi'd to ilcciive the clfi-toratc; "'I'liat no siiiceii' clTort has hoen made hy tlieni to obtain a treaty, but that, on th€' eonlrarx-. it is manifest that the present Government, oontndlod as the.v are by monopol- ies and eomiiines. are not desirous of seeuriiif;" such a treaty: "That the- (irst step towards ohtaininK' the end in view, is to place a party in power who are sincerely desirous of promoting a treaty on terms honorahle to both countries; "That a fair and liberal recijirocity treaty would devoloi) the threat natural r(>sf)ur- pes of ("anad;i. would enormously increase the triule am! commercf between the two coun- tries, would tend to encourMf»-e friendly relations between the two peoides. would remove many caiists which have in the past provoked irritation and trouble to the (Joyernments of both countries, and would promote those kindly ri'latioiis between the I'^mplre and the Republic wliicli afford tlie bfst Knaranti'e for jieace and prosperity; "'I'liat the Liberal party is jirepared to enter into negotiations with a view to ob- tainiIl^r such a tnaty. including a well-considered list c.i' maiuifact iired articles, and we are satislied that any treaty so arrauKed will receivt^ tlie assent of Ifer Ma.jesty's Govern- ment, without who.se approval no treaty can he made." th. Owii as 1' fus THK HK.\KKIT.S OK ItKCIIMtOt ITY Reciprocity is not a mere theory as regards the effect to be produced. The old reciprocity treaty extending from 1S54 to ISlil! affords jiractical illustration of the bent- flts to be derived from interchange nf trade with the I'nited States. Ourlng; the twelve years that that treaty remaineil in operation our exports to the I'nited States nearly quadrupled; i-isins' from $10. 47:!. 0' (I in is.'it to $:!ii.;i.')ii.(ii)(l in l.ssii from all the provinces now embraied williin the Imunds of the r>ominion. The inriocl durin)^: which the treaty remained in force was one of marked prosperity for all the provinces. Since the abro- gation of tlic> treat\- in ISHti our export trade Willi ibe I'nitfd States lias nraclically re- mained stationar.N- thouKli maintaininpr the avi'i'aRc annual increase from 1R.'>4 to IRfib would have carried it up for lS!i:i to over $ 100.00'),II00; the actual amount haviuK been for that year $:!7.LMh;.1 1 ii of the jirodiice of (^anaila. not InclndinK coin and bullion, the produce- of Canada, which amounted to an additional $;!(•!•, 4 5!). SHAM XI'MJOTIATIONS. It is obvious lli.it the advantages to bedirived from reiipiiHit v are very n'reat and it is to be rem-etled that the (lOverunieiit has lief n miilii of diipliclty in de.iliiiK with the question. When Parliament was dissolved in Kebriiary. ISIM. the reason assigned for the net was that a treaty of reciprocity with the I'nited Stales was about to be made ami that it would be; desirable to refer the treat.v to a Parliament fresh from the people, and not to a morilmnd llr.iise. Statements in (jovernnieiit organs that a reciprocity treaty in I ocity. Itiitt'H as M(l,ji)ininB iild be tlio most H'lii ; mill 1)0 iiiatoriiilly I prospci-ity t(i t lu ' coiintry in ISiM iiiK Miul (lisln)iu'st . but that, on tlu' y are by nionopol- ' a r'!ii'ty in power both count rli's; at natural rosour- een tlip two coun- los, would roniovf the (Jovernnionts lie Kinpire and the Ith n view to ob- I artiolps, and we Majesty's (Jovern- icod. The old Ml of the bcne- riiig' the twelve I States nearly ill the provinces wliich the" treaty Since the abro- luacl ically re- in isr.4 to ISfib 111 liavInK been 11(1 bullion, the very Kreat anil lealiiiK- with the issi^fiied for the to be iiia• with the iiominion conlined to natural products wiW lie eiit eriaiiied ii.v Ihis Coxernmenl. 1 know noibinn' oi' .';(it iai i(Uis were in progress I'ailiameiil was dissolved (Ui the pretext ,ibo\'e named. And Ibe false rcvi'cscn t a I ions thus made lo Ibe electors no d(Uibl aided powerfull.v in Bccuriny a verdict f,i\co-alde to llic (lovciiim (-'I'l. Having W(m the election on lli>se represeiil at i(Uis it became necessary to fiiltiU the promise to send c(unmi.ssiiuiers to W'aslii nn'toii, and this was done in .April, ISIH. OwiiiK to indignation at the dilld icif y and misrepresent a l iiuis of ibe ("anadian aniborilies as to lb' .lelioii ol the I'liitcd States tioverninent in Ibe nreniiscs. President Harrison re- fused Ibe ("anadian c(unmisstoners an interview. In Kebruar.v, l.^'.iL', ('.inadian e(unniissioiiers succeeded tliiMvunb llie int er\'enl i(m of Sir Julieii I'anneeforte in oblaininit!' a reception by lion. James (!. HIaine, .American Sec- retar\ of Statf. and tiien stated their proposal fiu' reciprocity to be on tlie basis of the treat\- of 1 s.") I and to be eonlliK'd lo natural products. To this i)roposal .Mr. Blaine made answer iliat llie I'nited St.ites would cimsider no iiropositimi for reciprocity wliidi did not enibrac(> an agreed list of ma nufaclures. as was we'.l known lo the ranadian cmn- missiouers from all previous declarations of the .VnuM'ican State Department. Tn truth the Canadi.in proposals were a moeker.v made s(dcl.v to save appearance.^. .American dillies have been imposed upon Cauiulian an'iicull ural lu'oducts imported Into Hie rnited .'Elates since l.Slbi. Tn (Iclober. I.^IUI, these duties were largely increased b.v the McKinle.v I'.iU and the disastrous (>ffect upon our export trade produced by Ihis Increase is shown by a comparison of farm exports for Ibe year ending' June iilltli, Isiic. t)ie last .\ear bef(U'c the MclCinley Hill went into oper.il i(Ui. and tlie year ending' Juii" 80lb. \s'.\'A. Hie last \c.ir for which we lia\-c full li'ade returns since Ibe bill went into operation Tlie following is the comparison in twelve leading;' articles of farm firoduets: COMI'AHISON or KXl'OHT OF l-WHM l'KOI>l 3. Name of arlicles, ISini. bS'.i:!. Horses *i..ssT.siir> $ 1. ij:'.. :!:!!( Cattle 104.112:1 ll.ii:!L' [•oultry Iii.'i,t;i2 ."i:!.ll4 Kk^;s i.7!t:i.iiH :;:;4.:tr.a Wool i.';i."i, lib; 2:is.(i:i(i Kiax lTr>.,'ii;;i i:;!,nsL' Harb V 4,.^iS2,r)iiL' liliS.JTl Split peas 74,2ir> 4.214 Hay !t22.;!t7 S,-.4.!1!")S Malt 14!>,:M0 I!) l>(U,iicies ;iiis,iii."i 2r.:i,i7i; i{ye iin.;i2(i :i,:bi2 JIO, 4:1:5. :!.'.2 $:!.I'.2I,S!)2 26 VMTKU STATKS MAHKKT r«»«r\RKI» WITH Al/L OTIil^ltS. It is till' custoni 111' the ('niiscrvativc iiralipi-s. and of the ("niiHcrvativi' proHs to seek to belililo tlic imiKulaii il' ti ■ American market, and wo arc told lliat sulistitutcs for tliat maiiii't ran lasjly lif iilnaiiicd. as fur instance in Australia, a cnnntry Avlilcli last xcar tiii)l< (if 111,, f.irm products of Canada to the value of .$i;ri only. A statement of the linn of ex- Tniti'd A!! other jiorls the in-oduic of Canada. Slates. eoimtries. l'rl!.:!Si( $ nTS.dlO forest i;!..S.",!l,l)i;ii 1 :;,.i!l!),!l,')0 Frcsli water lish ami salt water lish. fr.'sh l,2.s7.S2;i 4,fi42 Horses 1 ,1 2:!.:!;ilt 3;i7.S]S Swine iaii,0!t3 ]5,!)!»7 Sheep l.UN.S.SU 15;t,()41 Poultry '>->.\M 9,013 Hones 5S,444 10,282 Hides .■?,S.-,,24(> 7,122 Sheep iiclts UH.IiIJi* 16 Wool ^.SS.ii.Sll 2S1 Flax 124,082 Hdiies 9G,K4 115 Fruit, X.F.S 21,iMfi 1,114 Rarley «;!S,271 306,084 Beans 351, OaS 4,G24 Hay S.i l.H.'i.S .'");i7,!l 1 4 Straw 2.">.117 032 .■M.'iplc su.nar 4s. 1"! 1.477 Trees. sliiMhs and plants ll,!u;'.i 232 Potatoes 2.''i'.i,l 7i; lfi2.7S2 Vegetables 105,836 10,404 Othe-r arlicl.'S 27.0;ifi 1,.'i77 Fertilizer.s 7.706 I'uis I'l.ili; 1 2,103 Crliulsloin s 2I.7.-,1 IH8 Cyi'snm 27.n|il 2.366 '|ou'.4i.liiild elTecls .' . . , 1.246.11X5 37.0S1 liime OT.siiS s.2()7 '^iif.'N 10.631 ' 6. 207 ''oiis'hohl furniture I2:'.S72 50,740 ^"■"•d puln 424.253 1,640 <>ilier manufactures 249,752 117,727 I-!ullion 3(10,159 $:;s.l32.223 $14,032,145 # Mtivc press to sotk liiit sulislitutos for •iiiintiy Avliicli lust A stiiliMiiont of the .fGUS restrictioiiH ol In ]S!i:i win Khow able whioli is inore 4,fi42 SliT.SlS i:i,l»!»7 15!l,liH 9,013 10,2Si 7,122 16 2S1 115 1,114 300,084 4,G24 r, 117, in 4 032 1.477 232 1(;2.7S2 10,404 1,577 2,103 !i4.' Clu'esi' , . ,ti 4c. " - Rye i'. 20 p,>r cent. ;., ^^■'"^^" 20 ^^"•" 20 .. .,; Buckwheat „ I Hy,' .-in,! wheat Hour .,,j '-'■ Oaliueai ' ' ' " ^^'-■^•^- '•'■ ■'■ '.'■ '.'■ '■'. '.'. '.'. '.'. 30 " Malt .> 4U ••: Beans .... • •• 20 Onions . . . ; , 2iic. pir bushel. I', MS 20c. '''^'" »^"^« 50C. Apples „„ 20 pi r cent. Potatoes ... l^'C. per bushel, Ekbs 'C. per dozen. Honey .... lOc. per sailon. Hops .... isc. per lb. Ilav $2 p(>r ton. Straw ^ , '■^",,uiiau cattle are n,nv subject, M to „uarantiu,. In nM.-.lia t i,,,, 7,','r ' . 1„. Ca„a,li-,M qu.u-a„tin,. of An.erican cattle, and the resuit is that our caltl.. ar,. pracicallv ex- cumed fnnii tli,> American market. ^ If the p,.„ple or Canada desire t„ obtain reciprocity „C trade with t,,,. rnii,.,, States on lair and eauitabl.. terms the task n.ust bo entrusted to a ministrv favorable to such an arraug. n.ent, and a clu.nf,e of Government will be necessarv" With ' a Liberal Gov,.rnment at Ot.aw.a there is ii,,le doubt that su,-!, .a trea.v can b,. spcdilv Consumnurted. • 28 3. — Purity of Administration.— Condemn Corruption. " Tliiil llir <'iiii\(iilinii (|ii>lni'cs the Kl'i'M^ coi-i'iipl lull ill the mil iiaK'i''ii>'iil aiiil ix- pen accepted very large conlriluit ions of money for election imrposes from tlie funds of ii railway I'ompany, whii'h, wlille paying the polilical contrihiil ions lo liiiii, a niembei of tlie Government, with one hand, w.is re, living Covernnient subsidies witli th( other. "The conduct of llie minister ,ind tin' apiiroval of Ills colleagues after llie proof became known to them are- calculated lo degrade Canada in the estimation ol" flu world and deserve the severe condemnation of llie people." A I'KW KX.VMI"I,KS. 'J'lie force of the charges of corruiJlion made against the Conservative Govern- ment, and the urgent coiideiiinat ion they deserve, can be best shown by a few ex amples. Tlie illustrations given are eonlined to casis involving the action of members of the preseiii administration, or of tlieir supporters in the House, who have beei. sustained in their wrongdoing by the ministry and the party in I'tLrliamenf. 1. In the C.iioii Case the ('videncc is complete of the levying by a Minister for a reptile fund of an enormous sum from those interested in railway government sub- sidies, and its expenditure by Ministers in electoral corruption. The exposure is niori remarkable because the original charges were mutilated and en(iuiry largely sniled, on llie motion of Mr. Howell, the present I'Mrst Minister. 2. The McGreevy (.'onsiiiiacy illustraii'S the levying of corruption funds fron contractors for public works, the comiilicity of Ministers, and the tampering with Jus- tice by the release of political criminals. ;!. The Blind Share Case illustrates the encouragement and assistance given b> Mr. Bowell, tlie new Premier, to the trafficking in Orders-in-l~'ouncil. 4. The Cochrane Case is a gross case of the sale <>( pulilic offices by a nieml)C of rarliament. '}. Th<' TurOdtte Case is one where a Alember of Parliament is maintained i); his seat while drawing the prolits frmn a Government contract. THE fAKOX CASE. Sir Adolphe I'. Caron, M. P., is the leader of the t'onservntive i^arty in tii Province of tjuebec, and he ranks next to the I'reniier in the Cabinet, both in senior- ity of appointment and in Influence. In 1S92, charges were made by Mr. J. D. Edgar, M. P., in the House of Common - that sums amounting to $100,000 and upwards were levied from Government contraci- ors and those interested in certain railway subsidies, and were spent in the briber of twenty-two constituents in the District of Quebec, at the general election of ISN To investigate these charges, he demanded a reference to the Committee of Pri\ lieges and lOIeclions. The members composing this committee are, in the proportin of two to one. supporters of the Government. The Jlinisters did not dare to face a full eiKiuiry, and theiefore they put up M Mackenzie Bowell, the present Premier, to ino\( to strike out some, ami to vary oihc of the cliarges. 29 t ion.— o rule i>r the ("on- U'liiiiiuMitaiy ('i>m- iiiiiiila. idiluri'K of i)iil>li' iH'lcss, liavo ncvci iffdoiiig. We ar- vii proved to liav im tilt.' funds tif ;i II him, a luciiilifi ■subsidies with tlK u«s afti r lUc proo: LStimat inn of Tin iiscrvativo Govern- own by a few ex iption of members i\ who liave beei. iiliamenf. by a Minister for government sub- exposure is mor' largely smled, on iptinn funds froi impcring with Jiis- ssistance piven b> liees by a monibc is maintained ir; ivt- iiai'ty in t li n, botli in senior- in\ise of Common - eminent contract - nt in tlie briber 1 electifm of ISN Committee of Pri\ in tlie prpportin re they put up M and to vary otliii Tlie Tarte-McGreevy imiuiry of tlie ])revk)iis year was niaib^ before tlie Com- mittee lui J'rlvileges and Elections, and It had been so damaK'ng to the Ciovernment that tliey dare not again face the committee. Mr. Bowcll therefore, provided In his motion tliat tlio emasculated charges slinuld bo referred to a Royal Commission, to be appointed by the (iovernment tliemselvi'S and selected by tlie accused. Mr. Howell's motion was carried by the usual party mnjority. .Mr. IMgar vei\ prnji^'rlx- (icelined to appear at the sittings of this Koyal Com- mission liul sent to the Commissioners a list of lii.s witnesses, whom they called and partially examined. In due time the Koyal Commissi<.n reported the evidence taken. The startling and disgraceful facts revealed before them, even under the limited scope of the in- quiry, show that th.e Ministers had good roasons for dreading the more complete ex- posure that would have been made if the original charges had been gone into. It was clearl.v shown that when Sir Adolphe Caron entered the Ministry inlSSO, he was a shareholder of the construction company who received all the Government subsidies gianted to tlo' Qiiehec \- Lake St. .lohn U.iilway Company. After he en- tered the Government, the subsidies voted to that railway exceeded a million of dol- lars. The lali' ' .Senator Ross was preshlent of this company, and Mr. Heemer was the cnt onl>- carried ten seats, making the average cost to the country for each member re- turned to support them $11,200. It is not at all unfair to assume that in the rest of the Dominion similar cor- ruption funds have been provided by the same vile means for the elections of 1SS7. and for all elections. The raising of these enormous funds before every general election is a well recognized practice of the Conservative party in Canada. IJefore another Royal (.;om- mission in 1873, ic was proved that Sir llngh Allen paid for the promise 'of the old Canadian Pacific Railway Charter, $:!i;.->. • to the election fund of the Conservative party in 1S72. How much more they h.id from other sources for that election will never be known. For each dollar tint a contractor, or a subsidized railway company, or a tariff- protected monoprdist. p.iys to reptile funds, he is in a position to demand a ten-fold return in the plunder of the public. By the acceptance of these bribes, the Govern- ment place tlca»lon I ivould do HKnln to-morrow in order to help my friends.*' 30 'J'li(> Conscrviil i\r members of tho House of Cdninions cannot shirk tlioir sliar' of i'es])un.slbllil..v in this iiialtcr, bpciiiiSf on two occasions they votcil (hnvn motions o consiirc tiuit wire movod liy Mr, I'M^ar. One vciic' iii(il< placi' on tlio liMid 'if .Manli IS'.C, and tin,' olliir on iTic Srd of July, is!i-l. On one or botli of tlicso ocuasions tli' follo\vinK moniljois voted ajiprovinK of Sir AUolplic Caron's conduct: Aniyot, Hain (SioilanKis t. JJaird, I'.aker, liarnarU ISclli'.s Bcnnet, Jici-jjcron, Jicr Rhi Jilanchard, lioyd, Hoyle, IJryson, Hnrniiain, Cameron. CurBill, CariKiian, Carlinji Carpenter, Curscallen, Chosliy, Clovehnul, Coatswortli, Coclirane, Cot'kburn, Corboulil Corby, CostlKan, Ciaij;, ("urran. Iialy, I>avin, Davis, Dcnnison, Desanlniors, Dickey. Diig-as, Dupont, Dyer, lOarlo, Fairlnirn. V'tryuson (Leeds and Orenville), Fergusor (.Renfrew), Foster. Frocliette. Gillies, (iirouard (Two Alountains), Orandbois, Grant Guillct, JIaKKarl, llaslam, llasen, Henderson, llodsins, Hughes, Iliitphins, Ingram, Ive.'-, Je.'iniiotte, Jonciis, Kaulbacli, Kenny, Ijaeliapellp, I/^nRevin (Sir Hector), LaRiviere, Leclair, Lepino, lappe. Jlardnmild (Kind's). Macdonald (Winnipeg), Alacdonald (Al- Koni.a), Macdowal, Alarkinlosh. i\li.\llister. McDonald ( Assinlboia), McDonald (Vic toria), McDmiKald (I'ictoii)'. JlcDougall (Capo Breton), Mclnerney, McKay, McLean (KiiiK's). McLennan, McDecid, M.idill, McNeill, M.ira, Marshall, Masson, Metcalfe, Mil let'. .Mills I .\ iiiiapiilis 1. .Miini-i'iel'f. .Mnrit.imP , Xort li iiiii. (hilinet. I'alterson ( Colcliestei- . Patterson (Huron). I'ellctie- I'riillitun, I'rior, I'lijie, Putnam, Reid, Robillard, Room. Rosamond, Ross (Diindas), Ross (liisgiu-), Ryckman, Siniard, Sitiith ((Jntario). Spronl. Stairs, Stevenson. Taylor, Teni])le, 'I'hompson, 'I'L^dale, Tapper, Tiircotte, Tyrwhil: Wallace. White (Cardwell), ■White (SheUmrne). Weldon, Wilmot, Wilson. AVon.i ( Rrockvillo). Wood ( Westmorel^and). THE Me THE I. \>GKVIN-CAllO\ UEI'TILK FU.\D In 1S91, a number of charges were made in Parliament by Jlr. Tarte. M. p against Sir Hector Ijangevin, then Minister of Public Works, and Hon. T. McGreov.\ i>I. I'. Jlr. Tarti' alleged tliat the contracting firm of Larkin, Connolly & Co., wer' allowed by Sir Hector Dangevin, then Minister of Public Works, witli the assistanr. of Mr. McGreovy, to eheat the country out of hundreds of thousands of dollars on Go\ ernnient contracts. These charges were referred to a Committee of tl)e House for investigation, aiiii the public were startled V)y the revelations of fraud and conspiracy by -which tli' country was shown to have l)een robbed of about half a million of dollars. The fiil extent to which this money was applied to Tory Corruption Funds will- never 1m known, but evidence was dragged out of uiiwiliiiL; witnesses that $llli,4;'s of it vv.i- paid for election expenses. The famous Quebec District Flection Fund of 1S.S7 received $20,000 from the^' contractors, aiul that fund was distriluited for election purposes by two Ministers •■: tile Crown. Sir Hector Dangevin and Sir Adolphe P. Caron. As an instance of the grossly eoriupt uses that were made of tliis Reptila Fuim: the case of Three Rivers, Sir Hector Langevin's own constituency, may be given. I 1SS7 the total number of votes cast for Sir Hector, the successful candidate, was Ci The sum returned by Sir Hector's agent and published as his total lawful electi'' expenses was $917.09. The sum sent into the constituency from this fund alone w - $l;!,ir)0. No wonder he w.is successful by an expenditure of over $20 for every vc' he rc'ceived. Jlessrs. McGrePvy and Connolly were placed on trial for their part in this cen- spiracy to defraud, a.iid on conviction in Novem))cr. 1S93, were sentenced to gaol I ■ twelve months. How could a Conserviitivo Government who owed their places to t support given them by these conspirators permit them to serve out their senteni • How could Sir Adolphe C.iron. a noble knight and a Minister, who had received a expended in corruption, part of the proceeds of this conspiracy, allow his friends ;i pals to languish in prison while he was an adviser of the Crown? It was theref. i represented to the Government that confinement did not agree witli the prison, digestion, and they were liberated after but three months' imprisonment. The eminent judge who tried the case (Mr. Jnstipo Rose) said that the offei was only aggravated by the purposes of electoral corruption to which the proce. : of this conspiracy were applied; yet It was the very baseness of the objects of ■ i- t sliirk tlioir sliar' f'd iliiwn iiiDtions o, lliu j;!l-.l 'if Maicli lliesc DC'Ciisiuiis til' t: net, JiciKi'""". l**-''' C;iri«n:iii, Curling .'Dckbiirii, ('(irlioulil )esaulnlorK, Dickey, renvillo), Fergusoi I, Grandbois, Gram tohins, Ingram, Ivof. Hector), LaKivlon . ), AlacdonaUl (Al- McDonalil (Vi( y, McKay, McLioa;i sKoii, Metcalfe, Mil llTSDIl ( 1 "olclll'Sll'l' ' I, Riibillard, Room, li (Ontario). Sproiib Turcotte, Tyrwhit! not, Wilson, AVon.i HEPTII.K FUND ' Mr. Tarte, M. 1' 1 Hon. T. McGrecvx mnoUy & Co., wev witli the assistant Is of dollars on Go\ • ;or investigation, an.i racy by which tli' nf dollars. Tlie fn', nds will' never 1m J11!t.4H*< of it w:i $20,000 from the>' by two Ministers ■'; oE tlii.s RcptllQ Fuin! may be given. 1: candidate, was Gl" total lawful electi'i: this fund alone w .■ $20 for every vci oir part in this cmi ntonccd to gaol I 1 their places to t out their sentonr. lo had received ;i ■ illciw liis friends :i 1? It was theref. i with the iirisom • isiinment. said that the offei which the proce. ■! £ the objects of ' i- 31 conspirafy tliat saved tlicse culprits frum I he punishment of tliclr crimes. To screen th(' crimiiuii purveyors f)f tlic Reptile l'"und tlio course of juslice was tampered witli and tile prison doors were flung open wide for tin' escape of \Uv men who had darl: political stci'ets In tlielr breasts, whicli they tiireatened to divulue. In order tliat the full responsibility may be shown to rest upon tlie proper Biioulders tlie following extract is given from tlie Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons of 3rd July, iSlU. It is a motion of want of conlidenee, and all the Gov- . eminent supporters in the lloii.se voted against it: '■ Tiie Order of liu! Day for the House to go again into Committee of Supjils', " being read: ■Sir .John 'rimnipson Min\ed, 'riiat .Mr. Speaker do now leave the Ciiair. "Mr. Edgar moved in amendment thereto, that all the words after the word "'tliat' be left out, and the following inserted instead thereof: 'from tlie public trial "and conviction of Tliomas McGri'ev.s- and N. K. Connolly for consplr.-c.v to defraud, "and from evidence and p.'ipers alr(';idy before tliis House, it appears tliat large por- " tion.s of tiie moneys wliicli were found, upon said trial, to liave been criminally re- " coived by tlie said Tliomas McGreevy from Goveriinient contractors, were so received "by hiin fer the purpose of being expended in elections in tlio interest of the Conser- " vative parlv, and for distribution by Sir Hector Ijangcvin, . M. P., and Sir Adolplie "Caron, JI. P., for the election of themselves and of other supporters of the Govern- "nieiit at the gent'ral elections lieid in February, ISST.' " That it further appcar.s that large portions of the said moneys, together with "other large sums collected by Sir Adolplie Caron from those interested in Goverii- " meut railway subsidies, were expended and distributed by Sir Hector Langeviu and Sir "Adolphe Caron, and in lavish and illegal amounts, to assist in the election of them- " selves and of other supporters of the Government, in the district of Quebec, :it the "general elections of 1SS7." "That the said Sir Hector Langevin and Sir Adolphe Caron were then, and are "now, members of this House, and on tlio roll of Her Majesty's Privy Councillors for "Canada, .'iinl the .«aid Sii' Adolphe Caron is a Cabinet Minister and Postmaster General." "Tiiat, in the opinion of this House, the said Sir Hector Langevin and Sir Adolphe ."Caron are d.>serving of tlie severest censure for tlieir connection witli the said trans- ." actions, and that it is a public scandal and an injury to the reputation of Canada that "Sir Adolphe Caron should continue to hold the position of a Minister of the Crown." "And the ciuestion being put on the amendment; it was negatived on a division." BOWBLL AND THE DI.IM) SHAKES. In lSt>2 a craze set in for tlio formation of Colonization Companies in the Xorth- •West. The plan was to secure an Order-in-Couneil from the Donuniipn Cio\eiiiment granting large tracts of land at low prices to individuals wiio would then form a joint ■tock company to buy out their grants. For tiiis purpose a member of the House of Commons, now deceased, associated himself willi Mr. James C. Jamieson, a son-in-law of 6ir Maclcenzie Boweli, then and now a Jlinister of the Crown, and they procured for "themselves and ten Others in April, 1SS2. an Order-in-Couneil granting them several •townships of very choice land. Mr. Bowell was eonsiilted aoi)Ut it lufme the Ordii-in- ■Council was passed, and knew of the exceedingly advantageous "deal" that had been arranged for the profit of his supporter in the House, and for his son-iii-iaw. Both of those gentlemen were to receive what was called "blind shares" in the stock of the company, that is stock on wliicli they were to receive all the profits without paying any money into the company. A company called" The Prince Albert Cohmization Company," Was accordingly organized with twelve shareholders, ten of whom were paying parties, And the aforesaid two gentlemen were non-paying holders of "blind shares," each to •the extent of $a;!,OuO. It is true tliat Mr. Jamieson had to pay another party $500 to get in on the ground ■floor, but so warm an interest was taken by Mr. iJowell in this clever sclieme of making money out of the Government grant that he offered to lend, and did lend, to Mr. Jamie- aon tnis $riOO, whlcli was afterwards repaid to Mr. Bowell wlien Mr. Jamieson sold out his blind sliajes for cash. ... I On Uio dcinnnd ot Air. lOdti-iir, M. I'., iliese clmrKos were roforrod for Invostlgatlo 1() tlio Ciinuiilllcf (if I'rivlli-nri's ;iinl Elouthjiis. 'I'liey wore proved ti> be literally true; y. ■ by iL iiiiijdrlly coiiipoHid oiitirel.\- of Minlstirs llu'iiiwelvi's. Mr. Howell was whltewasht i by the ('(immiUrf, and liLs coiiduol was declared to bu beyond reproacli. ThLs report Wii- laid before the House of (,"oinnionH on IStli May, ISSti, but alllioiiKli the llou.se sat mil i 2nd June, thi' Goveinment did not dare to move for lis adoption. Tlie position then • fore is that Sir Mackenzie IJoweli was accused in tlie House ot conduct of wlilch li' liiniself said: "These statements affect not only my position as a Minist'er of tlic Crowh but my reputation as a public man." Those eharK''s, so si'rious and disgraceful to i Minister and a public man. stand of record yet against him on the journals of theHou.'^i of Comnujns. They have not been dealt with by the House. Are they wiped out 1p\ reason of his elevation to tlie Senate? Ho allowed the Session and the Parliament, ii, which the eliarKOS were made, to pass williout a move, satisfied apparently with tie whitewash of a packed committee, and a verdict east by his own colleagues on that con. - niittee. Is this the stainless I'romler, the pure and lofty statesman, who leads the Coii- servatlve jiarty of Canada to-day? No wonder that he moved the residution to Imik eni|iilr,\' inln the eharne.s mad' against his colleague. Sir Adolphe (Jaron, in is'.rd. A fellow-fiMdiii^; made hini woii drous kind." COHUITT sale: of public OFFIt'KS THIO C'OCIIItA.\K CASE. From ISSS to IS'JO the patronage of the County of East Nortluiniberland was ii. the hands of Edward Cochrane, Conservative M. 1'. The completion of the Murray Canal gave a number of positions as keepers of swiiiK- bridges across the canal to be awardeil to political supporters by Mr. Cochrane. There was at tliat time also a vacancy to be lilled by liim in the position of keepei of the I'n.'squo Isle l^iglit House. A lummitloo of Mr. Cochraiie's supjiorters was organized for the express purpose ot corruptly trafficking in those offices, and witli tlie full kiiuwledgo of Mr. Cochraie they did corruptly sell and dispose of such offices. Iledley Simpson paid $200 for the l^ight House i)Ositi(jii, and each of the followinj.: persons paid from $125 to $200 apiect^ for tlie petty positions of keepers of swing bridges namely: Wesley Goodrich, John D. Clouston, A\'illiam Brown, Kobert Jlay and Thoma^ Fitzgerald. "When Mr. Cochrane, M. P., was informed that the price of the bertlis had beendul\ paid, he recommended to the Government tliu appointment of these men, and tlie appoint- ments were promptly made. The proceeds of these corrupt sales were .ipplieil to the pnliti pay off a promissory note on which Mr Cochrane, M. P., was personally liable. Mr. M. C. Cameron, M. P., brought (hose matters before the House, and this fla- grant and miserable abuse of patronage, and this sale of puldic otlices. were proved bi fore a Select Committee of the House of Commons in 1891 A mild censure of the systeii! of sale of public offices was passed, but the whitewash brush was applied, and the Qov- ernnient majority refused to condemn the conduct of the member who not only escapeii censure but has been treated by his party as a martyr, a hero, and a victim of Grit pei- secution ever since. BUYING UP A MEMBER OK PAHMAMENT THE TURCOTTE CASE Mr. A. J. Turcotte, the present M. P. for Montmorenci County, was elected on 1 1 1 March, 1892. He Is now a very active personal ally and supporter of Sir Adolphe Caroii At the time of his election he was carrying on a grocery business in Quebec in partner- ship with Mr. Provost. The firm then had a contract with the Government in the namf of Mr. Provost, for the supply of the Militia at the Citadel of Quebec with groceries ami provisions, and up to the dissolution of the firm on 2nd February, 1893, they receivt .1 from the Government cheques amounting to $4,112.85. This amount was all paid over bv the firm to Mr. Turcotte for his private benefit. ,33 •d for Invi'Stlgatlo )u liteiiiHy true; yi ' 1 was wliitevvasln I i;li. This report wn- tho llouHc Silt iiiil ; The iiosltlon theri • anduct of which In inlstor of the Crowii Ml disgraceful to i uirnals of the Hou.'. they wiped out li\ the Parliament, ii, ipparently with tin eag'iies on that con.- who leads the Coii- 1 the fharKeH mail. K made him won \E CASE. luimbirland was in of the Murray Canal canal to be awardeil V position of keepi 1 the express purpose ;e of Mr. Cochrain ch of the foUowiHK rs of swins bridges. May and Thomas )rtlis had been duly ::n, and the appoint - al purposes of tin note on which Mr use, and this fla- s. were proved bi sure of the systen plied, and the Gov- o not only escapet! victim of Grit pei- TTE CASE was elected on 1 1 1 Sir Adolphe Caroii Quebec in partnei - ment in the nam' with groceries ami S93, they receivt d as all paid over b\ AI'liT llw dls.solu t lull dl' the llnu. Mr. Turcntti' ciiul iniii'd in iln' uriuej'y busims.s and supplied tin- Militia l>epartmrni with (he goods. Kor tlusc he received all the payn;lic money of Canada Is to be paid, shall be ellgilile as a niembif of 'the House of Commons, or shall sit or vote In the said House." Vet in spile of the plain langu.ige id' tin' statute, the Uovernmenl majoril.v in Hie Ilou.se oil loth July, 1S'J4, was called upon to whltesvash Mr. Turcotte in tlic face of sworn evidence proving the above facts. Un thai date, Mr. J'Mgar, M.l'., iiioxed a resolution ileclaring that Mr. Turcotte had 'forfeited liis seat. Four (Jonservalive members retused to swallow the seandalous wlillewashlng vote, but ail till' rest wre whipped into llio', voted down Mr. Kdgar's motion, and had to Justify by their votes the clearest breach of the Independence of I'arlianieiil that was ev.'r .proved before a commit tie. I'nder I lull precedent, iiieiubi'is can he safely bought up by iniblic iiioiie.\-, like sli'.ep in a market, to support an,\ Ki'Vernment that hapjieiis to be in )inwer. FAVOIIITISM A.\U EXTKAVAGANCK. The Honorable .Jolin llaggart, Jllnlster of Railways and i,"aiials, represented his present constituency of South l.,aiiark In 1SS2, and used iiis inlluein'e with tin- Cioverii- ment to Induce them to undertake the construction, at public expense, oi a short canal of six miles in length (called the Tay canal) from the KIdeau canal to the town of I'erth, with a branch to Mr. Haggart's own mill In that town. 'I'lie estimated osi, inclusive of certain land and damages, was $132,titio. 'IMie actual cost has amounted to ilie tnormous sum of $4713,12.3. Is this immense exixndlture justilied by iraflic upon tlie Tay canal'.' On liie lon- trar.v it is navigated only by some skiffs, one scow, two yaeiils and two tugs. The total revenue from this canal for the year ending January 1st. ISHl, was $13.'i.7tl, while the actual cost of maintenance was for this same period, $2, ISC. On. Here is an instaiiee of grossly excessive expenditure which lays the member who forced it upon tlie Government for his own advantage, open to the charge of being utterly unlit to manage the Depart- ' ment nf Railways and Canals. A resolution condemning that expenditure was moved in 1.>.U1 by Mr. John Charl- ton, M.P., but was voted down by the u,BuaI Government majority. CUilBA.\ UHIDGE SCAXDAI,. The story of the construction of two Government bridges over the Lachine canal (commonly called the Curran bridges), involves as startling a disclosure of incompetence, extravag.aiiee and eriniinal neglect of duty ,is has yet been made in Canada. The vosponslhle head of the Department is Honorable John Haggart, Minister of Railways and Canals, and the work was all done in the City of Montreal within telephoning dis- tance of the Minister's office The bridges were constructed during the first four months of the year 1S!»3. The Depanment decided to li.ave the work on the sub-structures cl the bridges done by day labor. The contract for such labor was entered into with a con- tractor named St. Louis, a Government election pusher, who carried out the work as laid out by the Department and u.nder its superintendence and direction. ;?l,.l'. I I 34 Tho iiriKlnal <'Htiinnte of cohI of tlif'Hi,' .inb-8lriictur(H wiis $U'l!.Oiio, lnit the iiccoii'it> Ipiisciiti'd to llic iJop.'irlmcnt for Ihiil work have ninoiiiiliMl to if tliii.a:;."!, niid or tlilw huh ^:(li|.i>i)(j hiiH iictiially been raid to tlo' lontraclor \,y llii. (loviiiiiiiinl. In Older to lllif^lrat'' tin- iialiin ol' the <'utraKeoiiH ov('ndiarK''H 'i few cxamploH ina,\ III' Kiviii. 'I'lic SM|i|il.v of tlrnliir ,imi' liinibir paid for |m over l.nod.Oiid fed lioaril miasiiri', nmri' than could liavc liiiii \iiscd In tlioHo workH. 'I'lic cost of stone ciittInK' oi one of the lirldnes, II it had luiij lei at tlic usual prices liy piecework, would have been $3,000, whereas thi^ amount paid hy the ( lovernment, IniludlnK' the contractor's price, I- '$Hi.7IJ, and the eos( of SI oni'-cuti I n^' on the other brldn'c' was still more cNcesslve. 'J"le prices paid by the Department to the ennlractor for labor wiie ^rrcally beyond ctirren prices. In some Instances belnn as hlnh as $1'.' for work for which (lie coni factor only paid $-l.."i(l, and $;i,L'ii for idher work for which the contractor only paid $;i.7r.. 'I'hese fad- cannot he coni r.olleied or denied as they have been jiroved on several nccasbnis. and Mi IlaKKarl, while not dcnvliiK- llom Is pursulnu a somewhat cnwardly course of ihrowln). tlu^ whole Id inie upon subordinate oflicers of bis I »eparlnieni. The people of Catiada, bowevir, pay Mr. JlfiKK'tii't a ver,\' laiRc sal.iry fni- lookini^ after this business for tlo'in, and it Is a nnmstrous proposition thai be, the responsible Minister of the Crown, should be aide lo clear his skirts by blandiiK subordinate ofllcei> ami contractors whinn be appointed and paid. Mr. St. T^onls, the contractor, excuse- bims(df on the KroumI th.ii lie was foi d to conlrlbule so much money to the (dectlon "' the I'onservatlvc piily that be bad to make it up out of contracts. In order to avoM the exposure of |iarticulais of bis political contributions, all bis books connected will llic matter were burnt. ]| Is possible that the inward hlstor,\- of this disKraecful tran." action will never be known, but the (jovernment and their fidlowers who defended It li> their votes last session will be ludd to strict account when they apl)ear before their eloc tors. Sir liichard C'arlwri«^ht on th(> Isth July, l.s;el, moved a resolution in the llous. of Commons exiiosinn' and condeninliiK this transaction, hul It was vcded down by tie usual Government ma.jority. IlKI-'ISAI, OK EXOIIHV. When charK'es of mi.scondiict have been made aRalnsl Minifters in the House e; Commons the Government have sometimes altered the diaries. There Is anothei instance where a serious charKc was made against a Minister of the Crown, and tie Ciovornnient called on their majority In Parliament to vote down and refuse any Intiulry whatever intr larKC contributions for political purpos. . .15 (111, lillt lllc MCfdllMt;- 25, mill '. 'I'luHe fact." il occasliiiis. and Mr com'.sc of ilirowiiu ' salary I'l'i' looking' lir. I Ih> ri'spoiislt)!' subiirdliiatc (>fl1cei> c'oiitractoi'. cxcusi - cy to tlic cloctiim !>• Tn order to avoj.l )oks connected wlt'.i is dlsKraceful trans- wliii defended it 1)> ar before their eloc- duliun in the lloiiS' vnti'il down by I In ITS in the Mouse ei 'I'liere is another tlie Crown, and tli' d refuse any inqtiiiv ion In ISIU Mr. J. i' connection with tl ■ owing- motion: iiK the electoral dl> t in this House th.i 1)1 ish by satisf actor, nder Sliields. Jul ' 'Iir.,aren entered in' portion of the Cana as Section B. •re idMil'leted by II- • Honorable John <• s Priyy Council !■ i diUK of lianark, ai )eneficially inleresi' ■ tandins' in the navi' said profits, and h i- 1. d the Honorable Jol.' ivere called upon 'o ir political purpos. • and .HMCh eoilll-ilpnl ioii.>; weri' paiil nut nl' llie ley.s of (he sail! liiMi. and Willi I he know- ledge and asseni of the said llornuable .Inliri (i. ll.iKnart weri' charKeil aRalnst the prodts of (he llrm; and wiille (ho said conlrlbutlnns were sci detnanded and paid, the said llriii of coiitraetorH wire In yarlons ways dependent upon the (ioyernnienl by reascui of many malters beluK unsetlbd and In dLsriule In relation to the said conlr.iel. wblcli wire at the tlUie of such colli rlhiillons or Hiibsofiiieiitl.s-, seillcd not unfa vma lily In the .said enn- tractors. "That a Select t'ommli tee be a|)po|nted to enquire fully into the said alicKatloim Willi power to send for persons, paper.s iind records, and to examine witnesses upon oath or afllrmallon, am! to employ shorthand writers to t.ike down such eyldenc' as they may deem necessary, and to have the evidence printed from day to day fnr the use of the ('ommlltei', and that the ('niiimll lee do report In full the evlileme (akeii bef.i.t. them, and all their procei.illiiKH on the reference, and the result of (heir eimiilrles, iinl thai rule 78 of this Jlouse as in (he seleednn of committees be suspended and thai lliii said loiiimlllee be composed of Messrs. Mills ( liotli well ), lOdnai, liarron, IJsler i who Hhall lint have llle linllt (n \ntel, l>iike,\. Wnnd I llrnr k V 1 1 le 1 . (ilrmial'd .and Mil. end." This luoilnii w.is vnled down by the usual ( ioverniiieiii iii.i.inril y . 4. — Demand Strictest Economy. Decreased Expenditure. " W'l- cannot but view with alarm the lai'Ke increase of (he public debt and of llie controllable annual expendltiiri' of the Donilnlon and tlie cniisequeiit undue taxation of the people under the (Jovernments that have been contiuDUsly In jinwer since l.STS and we demand the sti-lctest econoni.\- in the adiiiinlstral Inn of ilie Kovernnieiit of llie country." the: I'lllI.IC UKDT. The public debt of Canada is a heavy burden and a serious drap: upon our proRress, and the Kio.ss interest charg-e, aiiiountiiiK- fnr the year ]Sy4 to $10,-'12,r)'.Mi, is an onerous annual drain which can only be reduced by tiie diminution of the public debt. This debt has bicn recklessly incurred and the spending of the money ha.s no doubt been .i pleasant pastime. The payment of the dibi \vill be a different matter and will cost effort, self- denial, economy and sacritice. Oil Aluno auth, l!>;i4, tlie sross public debt amounted to $HOS,34S,(i2;'.. From this amount, accordins- to the Public Accounts, is to be deducted assets to the amount of $62.1(i t,!IH4, l.-aviuK the net debt al that date $24(;,1 SII.Ol".!. This sum Is eiiual to a charge of ?50 per head upon each individual in the Doniinion :ind is a mort^a.^e of $10 per acre on each acre of imiuoved land in tlie l>oniiiiion. Our assets would nni reali'/.e their nominal value and our actual net debt, with the increase since June 30tli last, will not at this moment fall short of $L'GO,000.000, taking- into account the difference between actual and nominal value of assets. It is to be borne in mind that the Kinancc MiniKt' vhhI hihiis wr liii\ c lidirowid liiivu bii-ii liivcHletl such a wuv iiM lo 1)1' iilnHp.sl wlmlly iinproiliictlv. Tin' $ I'l.oOii.iioi) piil liiln lliu Iiitficidoiil Railway inuk-s ii<> n turn, iiml aUilltldiiul MimiM luivr lni'ii i nuilroil (o i>ay runiili . I'xpriiHcM. 'riic Cariiiilliiii I'iuillc M w.i I lo wi'il $i;;i,(HMi,i)oii in Imril casli, lusldiM a land Kra.. and a (iovcrniiii'nl Kuarunieo of bondH, wlillc wllli thf mnslblr and piudcnl pulley adv ■ cutpd hy the Mbcial iiarty leas than ono-lmlf uf iho cuhU uiitlay ^vlMlld liavc Hii'iircd lie road i|ulln .siiiin tiiouKli l(ir tliu n.-al ni'fdM of tlu' country. 'I'lii' Tny l.'anal w.is huUl nun, liil' till- puipiiHc III' .siciiilliK till' cxprlidlMirc id a laTR'' >"'l"l "1' "lOHuy '" i' I'lil'"** '' ■trenBthcn tlio tloverninont oaudldaie. 'I'IiIh utterly ii.soIi'Hh woik coBt $17U,0iiu. l>a i year ihi; coMl of ni.ilntinancc was |L',i;it!, and the entire revenue from tUu work $i:)."i.',i 'I'll.' Cuiraii MrlilK')' .|i>l) resulttd In Haddllnx upon tlU' euuntry I lie Hum of $;;;(l,iiuii , the oosl of a work that .should have been eoiislructid tor $l(io,OU(i. Vast xums m money have bei'n Hciuanderi d by the corrupt niaiilpniallon of contracts for public work- throuffh the criminal complicity of the I'ubllc VVork.H Department, as In the ca«e of tli. tiuebec iJurlior job. \Va.- June aoth, 1SU4, amounted to |IS.Hi7,S01. From this amount deduct the $::."., OUU,m- subsidy Ki'aiitod to the Canadian I'ailllc, and there remains l|!:;3,l(i7,S01 as the anioiii, takc^n or yet to be taken from the people by the (Jovernment to serve the purpose of , wholesale bribery fund, besides which Krants to a lar^e amount ha\i' been made, payaiil' In instalments, and extending over a term of years. Piiii.ir K.vi>i<:\i>iTi III': ii.\s i.\('i{i':.\si<;ii Ai..vitMiM;i,v since Confederation In 1S(I7 the public e.xpeiidlluro lias liicrea.sed alarmingly. Coh meiiciii«- with $1 :!, l.Mi,iili:i in IStlT-^, it h.id risen to $;!T.,'iN."i,UJ.'i in lS!i;i-l. On Jul Ist, IStib, the eslimaled population of tile iJomlnion was .1lM..J:iU,U0(l. Un July 1st, IS' the estimated population was but Utile o\ei- ,'i,uiiU,u(Hi, showing an increase of jjopul tloii during the period of a fraction over 4U per cent., while the increase of expendllM: for the same peilod was .liai.O'.Pb.'.ia:! or 17s pei- c nl. 'I'lie Increase of the net di i during the same period was $17ii.4ri4,.")S,s, or Jlir, pc r cenl. Mr. Alackenzle came into ofiice Xovember Mli, I.S7;!. Tiie e.speiidiuire loi- that llsi year amounted to $23,:ilti,ii Iti ; 1877-S was his last lull lisial year in ofiioe and the exp' diture for that year was $:';!, uiKI. 1 ."i.s — an inirease for the term of only J1>,«,S42. !■ ' a portion of the liscal year ending June Sutli, 1S7U, Mr/. .Mackenzie s administration w responsible as it lield ofiice till October lOtli, 1,S7S, makiiiK three muntlis and ten dn ■ of the year, and if a coinparalively exact slatcment of the increase of expenditure uml Mr. Mackenzie's administration is desired, the supply bill for lS7^-y will furnish the da: Of ; and yea dltii tlon tlon Oov of J the perl no c In no year during Mr. Mackenzie's administration clid i lie expenditure exc(.'ed i. amount of the supply bill for that year. The supply liill for ISTs-l* amounted ; $23,0(19,000, and his administration would not have exceeded that amount. Had ': remained in office, therefore 1111 July 1st, 187!t, the Increase of expenditure during 1. administration would have been $353,000. That the expenditure for lS7S-y .•ictuai reached the sum of $2l,4.')5.3Sl Ls due to the fact that for nine numths of the year .M Mackenzie's successors administered the finances. During Mr. Mackenzie's admini.stratlon the contracts .ind obligatioii.s left by his p" decessors rendered an Increase of the debt necessary, and, of course, rendered an addll: to the annual interest charge unavoidable, but so great was the economy and prudenci' his administration that during his term of ofiice, the controllable expenditure was redu' by the sum of $1,781,000, and the taxation from customs duties fell from $14,325,:' in 1S73-4 tu $12,900,6.")i» in 1878-1) (a decrease of $1,424,533). iliilMirallotiH tlllll lUP liiiv 1' l)i«u IiivchUmI llllll till-' llltt'lClflollI roil 1(1 piiy runiili , Iii'hIiIi'S a liinil K>''> pru(J».'iU policy iiilv ijulil liiivi' Hii'iircd II ' laiial w.ia liulll iiuti loiiuy 111 H rliJIiiK •' cuHt »47«,Ono. li.i rom thu work JlMfi..' ic Hiim of $;;iii,()oii OUIl. Vast mmiH '• iicts I'or imlillc woiii 118 111 tllU L'llHU of tin lie luouoy.s liavo ch.r > Giivcrnnii'iit Ih kuII 111 piirposuH, and Willi niH arc almost liivai i >ITii(tl to ildliiKH, tli. aro liitiTcati'd In Him ;■ ildlnK^i unci Hccurlii- siiljHlfly grants up •' lediii't tlio $:;u, 000,11" tiT.Soi as the unioin, ervu tilt! purpose ol . ii- Ijc'in iiuuk', payaiih 37 ny Hfli'illiit;- Ihc pi III., I .■oinmciM liiK July ImI, 1SS|. ami ludlnn July \nt, iMd, r.ii •xarl cniiiparlson (.an i„ mail., lor lli,. dcciid.! bi.| \vf,...|i ilo' lii<'r..iis ' d.l.t. i>f .xpfiidlturo and or .•uhIoimn taxation on Um' our liaiid and ili.. Incr.as.' .,l |.opul.il|.m .oi Ih.. otli.'r hand. l'opiil,iti..u, ISM 4,;i:!l.sio 181)1 I Sa2,l'3!t I 111' Tea Ml' ."OS, |2!l Prri'i'iilaKi' of incri'aHc . .. ii,i;ri •"^■'1 'I'l'i. I'^M II. -,.-,. ;;:i.-,7sii 1^'" j;tV,so!t.o;tii l'i''''''HHi- »82.li;i.2."iO PcroiMilim-o of Imii'asc .in I'A-pi ndli nil', I SSI .1 2. 'i.r.n ■',">.") 4 isi'i ;!iU!.|;;..-.i;: I iicri'a.-*!' of ixpi'tidlMin. *|ii,s I l.iM :! I'lrri'Mtau'i' of iiii'i'iasr | j 'l';ix,il|ou 1,,\- ruMt..m:-i ilutl.'.s, issi $is.-|(ii;,ii;ii; 1 SIM i::i,;!!iii,:!(in 'ii''''''.i«<' $l,!i;i;t,20S I'.Ti'i iitnKr of iiuriasL. 27 INCIIKASK OF TIIK ( 0\TltOI.I,AIII,|.: KXPRXniTini.;. II.MiLV sed alarmingly. c:!oii. In lSii;!-l. Oil Jul i. On July .1st, If)!' 11 iiuTLaSL' of i)opiil I icruaso of expendltiii i.'ase of tliu net dil. ■iidiluri' lor that lis oflloi' and the I'xp. f only |1SC,842. F. js administration w months and ten da;. ! of oxpondituri! unil : will furnish the da::; spendilure C'xci;ed i. ' 1878-1» amounted i at amount. Had 'i ■xpenditure during' In e for 1S7S-9 actuail lontlis of the year Jl' irations loft by his pv :■, ronderod an addlli jiioiny and prudfncr :pcndituro was redu. Tell from $14,325,. The stntlstics n'lallnK to tho incri'asi- of tlii' controllaldc i xpi'iidituri' .hIiico 1S7.S .-ire of a nio.st unsatisfactory ch.i racier. Tlif incri'asi' of population between ,Tuly Ist, 1S78, and July 1st. l.Sll,'!. has not oxdoded 21 per cent, advance upon Iho iioiml.'ition in the lirst year nam-d During the same period the jiroportlon of increnso in eontrolliible expen- dlturn has been very much greater. In 1S78 the expenditure on account of Administra- tion of Justice, Arts. Agriculture and Statistics, Fisheries, Quarantine, rndi.ins I.egisl.i- tlon, Milllin and Di fcnci'. PiiMIe Works. .Superannualion. Kxcise, Northwest Territories aovernment. Mall subsidies ,ind .Steamship subventions. Civil aovernment, Adulteration of Food, Mounted l^ilice and Miscellaneous amounted to $,-,2.'iC,l24. "'Mie expenditure for the same purpose in 1893 aniountod to $10,384,272, an increase of 97 per cent, during .i period when the population Increased 21 per cent. Some of the items of increase nee. I no comment as will be seen by reference to the following statement: Arts, AgricnUure and Statistics, ISTS $92,3C.t 1S93 2uS,G35 Increase $Hli;,270 Percent.ige of increase ISO Fislieries l.STS $93,2G2 35^93 482,381 Increase $389,119 Percentage of increase 417 Quarantine. 1878 $20,340 f>*93 101,954 Increase $7(),()10 Percentage of increase 2S7 Indians, 1S7S $421, .103 1S93 950,552 Increase $535,049 Percentage of increase 126 Mililia iinil I >cr.'iicf, ISTS $iilS,i;!(! isi)3 i.ii'.i.vjr. Iiicroas.- IfSOl.ilOU Pcrcciilngc 111' iiicri'nsi' 3 -U I'nlilir Works, ISTS .fOOT.-lfii* ls.,,;i ],9:J7,S3:i liui'i'iise $!i;!(i,:-!li!l Pon'entauc of iiici'cii.sc '.'o SninT.iniiiiatioii, INVti $10li,riSS 1S03 :;«;!, 710 J tiori'usL' $ir)7,i:j:; Pt'iTontaHc i>l iiu-riasi' 117 Kxcis.-. 1.S7S $215,024 IS'.K', ' . • 387,673 IiHToasi- $172,«lli I'lTci iilaKi- »t iiuToasr SO Nnrl Invest 'I'nritoi'iis CdxcTunn')!! , ISTs $1S,1!M) IS'.iS 270,410 llKTcasu $208,247 i'crcoiilaKi- I'l' iniTi'MSi- 1,420 Civil tiiivirmiHiil, 1878 IS'.IS hurraso $n4l.20l I'crooiitaBf 1)1' iiiniasf tiii $823,3(;'.l I,3i;7,ri70 Mouiitril I'olir.', 187S $334,748 1S!>3 (iir,,47n Increase $2Mi.7:;i Perecntagre nt increase 83 It is time to call a halt. 'I'lvp march of rniruplion ha.'i l)cen enntiimed too le With increase in debt, <>xi>onditiirc, and taxation, so I'ai- (uitstripiiiiiK' in< reaso ol^ popi; lion, the result, if we do not ch.-inKe our course, will be serious if not disastrons. Alr^ . (he consc(iiiences of oxti'nvasance an; cormiit wasic of nmney ami icsonrces are seV' n felt. The popnlation of the country is almost at a standstill. Without increase population our iindi leloped resources cannot he utilized. Witliont a radic;il rei' in the administra, m of our public affairs the increase of jtopnlation and the cor' IKjndinpr increase of wealth and jiropprt.v will be ine.igre and unsatisfactory. is i' time for patriotic citizen.s of all shades of politics to j^ive the situation of the com careful consideration, and is it not e\ident that the recor-i made by the party in p"' since 187s_ warrants the beliiM' that the principles, the purposes, and the nietlnxls oi leaders now in ofllce render them incapable of KiviiiR the country an honest and econ' cal administration of its affairs'.' To oilier men must be assiniiiMl the task of extrlc 'i tlie countr>' from the difliculties that now confi'ont il. mmm ;{!) $(;is,i;!(! i.im.Tir. FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT— INDE- PENDENCE OF PARLIA/VIENT. $100, uSS i;63,710 $215,02-4 3S7,G73 $18,199 270,410 $S23,;!09 1,3117,570 $334, 71S 01.",. 179 iM'u I'ontiiuuHl tod 1h iuK incrcaso oC popi; not (lisasiroiiK. Alr^ . 1 icsourci'K arc .scvi i Witlioiil iiKToas' Ihoiit a radical roi" ulatiiin anil tlio con satisfactory. Is i' iituatioii of ttio com: liy the luirty in }>'''■ anil tlic nn'tliods oi an honest and ccon" I tlic task of oxtric:^ •That the fonvontion ri'grcts Iha't l)y the action of Ministers and their supporters in I'aiiiaau 111. in one ca.sc in which scrioiisi charges were made against a Minister of llie Crown, inyestiKiition was alloKCther refused, wliile In anollier case the ch.irn-es preferred •Were altered and tlien referred lo a coinniission appointed iipun tlie ad\ it f tlie Ministry, contrary lo the well srltled practice of Parliament; and this Conyenlion aflirnis: i' '•Thai it is the ancient and tindoiililed riKht of the Honse of Commons to inciuire into all mailers of pnhlic expenditure, and into all eharR(>s of misconduct in office against. Ministers of the Crown, and the reference of siudi matters ti> royal comniission oyer tlu^ Kxecii- tivc Government; and this Convention aflirnis that the power of the iK-opIe's reiiresenla- tives in this regard should on all littinn occasions he upheld." It is, indeed, very important that the jicople of Canada, see to it that the House of CiMii'iions should be somelhiiiK- more tlian a mere echo of the Ministers of the Crown. The House is the representative body of the nation, and, in a healthy condition of public affairs, the House of Commons determines the character ann the founders of Parliamentary dovernmenl in Canada were seek- ins- to net rid of the abuses which had prowu tip under the family compact, they delilierately decided in fav • of tile Knslish Parliamentary system. r;;tlier than the Ameri- can form of (lovernnient, w ch is wholly ■\vitliout tin- unity and concerted action which disiinsuishes the system for many years lirmly established in KiiK-laiid, and which Uidiert Halilwin and his associates introduei'd here. There is no dep.irtnuMit of the Oovernmont into tlie ni;inagenient of vvliich the House of Commons has not a. rifflU to inquire. It is essential that the House of Commons, which alone is authorized to ;ict as an ini|uisitorial body on behalf of the nation, which alone grants public aid and rcKulatcs thi^ public burdens, sliould have ultimate superxisioii over the inildic expeiidltun', and should possess whatever power is necessary to make that supervision eff(H'tiyc, The powers of the H.iusc of Commons, in this regard hnvo b.'cn copied from those possessed by the House of Commons in the I'nited Kins-dom. It is of the tirst conseciuence that the llous(> shoubl i)Ossess tlie power to inquire into charties of misconduct ag-ainst the Ministers of th. Crown. Ministeis are not only the advisers of the Crown on questions of public pcjiiey. liiif they .-ire a comniillei' of th(> House for iUr exiienditure of the moneys yot.'d for v.irious branches of tin- public si'rxice. If Ministers haci' not asked or obtained a suflicient am.)uni for aii.v specilie purpose, they must conic to Parliament and ask for ■whatever more nia\- be necessary. They cannot tak(> the surplus of one vote to mak(> ill) the , against Ministers of the Crown and other hiKli oflicials should continue, and no greater oulraKC could well be committed, tiian for the Ilous(> of Commons either to biirk inquiry or to underlake to stifle inxest ifjat ion, by delesatinK their functions to sonit! other body. The Ministers of the Crown, as the responsible parties for the ^vork of the executive Hoverninent, are authorized by statutes to cause a commission to issue, to inquire into the (•imdiict of suliordinate officers, who are ri'Siioiisible to them, and for 40 wlioso conduct, in Ihc (lisclini'Kc of tlicir imlilic diuics. llicy tlicmscU'cs arc i'(>sponsibl(; t' Parliament It is too alisiird a contcntinn to roquirc an elaborate reiily, that the power; which cMial)lc a Jllnisiry to inq\iirc int" tlic conduct of a subordinate official, also war- rant them to issue a commission to inf|iiire into the conduct of one of llicinselvos. Evor\ Minister knows whettier tlio cliarpres made against him are true or false, lie reciiiires ni inriuisitorial body to make investigation for Ills information. Wlion a cliarge of mis- conduct Is made against a Minister in the ICousc of Commons, it is a part of the duty o: the House to prive effect to its inquisitorial functions and to investigate the charges se made. The House of Commons Is elected for tliis jmrpose, no less than for the purposi of leprlslation. It w is not to be fo\ind, during the -whole of this century an instance in which the House of Commons in the United Kingdom has declined to inquire into a charge made by a member in his place in the House against a fellow-member, or against a Minister of the Crown, affecting liis character or standing, as sucli, whicli rlie House has refused to investigate. To denude the House of Commons of these powers would inevi- tably lead to corruption and malfe.isance in ofHc<\ and would greatly impair and ulti- mately destroy our parliamentary system. It is from tlie power to giant public supplies, and to exercise an efficient supervision over their txpenditure, that tlie paranifiunt author- ity of the House of (Commons iias arisen, and it is only l>y tlie strict maintenance of those powers ihat that paramount autliority can be maintained, and tlie total disreg.-ird of these constitutional riglit.s and guarantees in the present Parliament, if persisted in, must be destructive of Ministerial responsibility. In England, the House of Commons inquired into the charges against I..ord Melville, respecting the application of moneys issued to the Treasury of the Navy for naval services to other purposes than those to which they had been voted. And, upon the report of .a committee, Lord Melville was impeached before the House of Lords. There are many other cas(>s, such as that of Mr. Harvey. Mr. Ferrand, .\Ir. Ciive, Mr. Butt, and others, whicli show what the law of Parliament is. That wherever a charge is made affecting injuriously the imblic conduct of a member, and the member making the charge declares that, if granted ;t committee, lie will be able to establish it, such committee has been invariably granted. During the existence of the present Dominion Parliament tlie law of Parliament has been ignored, and upon various pretexts inquiry into charges of the very gravest character has been voted down. In a brief sketch it is impossible to give full particu- lars of occasions when Parliament refused to exercise its undoubted right and inquire into matters regarding public expenditure. In the article on the third resolution, how- ever, a few cases are briefl.v dealt with. It was the undoubted right of the House of Commons to Inquire into these matters. Tliey were matters of public expenditure; the charges were charges of misconduct in office against Ministers of the Crown. They .were fitting occasions to assert the superintending authority of the House of Commons, and the responsibility of Ministers to the House and to the country, for the proper di.scharge of their duties. 4 11 ■s nro I'psponsible ti |ily, tliat the power; o official, also wnr- tlienisclves. Evor\ Ise. He I'pcmires m II a charge of mis- part of the duty o;' gate the charges sv' lian for the purposi one power as thf 11 Instance in which luire into a chars*" inber, or against a iiirh the House has lowers would incvi- ly impair and ulti- ■ant public supplios. : paramount author- laintenance of these 1 disregard of thi'so M'sisted in, must he Commons inquired f moneys issued to hose to which they IS impeached before larvoy, Mr. Ferraiid, •liamont is. That a member, and the lie will be able to law of Parliament if the very graveat ) give full particu- ! right and inquire rd resolution, hovv- ht of the House of ic expenditure; the .'rown. They .were -' of Commons, and le iiroper discharge 6.— THE LAND FOR THE SETTLER- NOT FOR THE SPECULATOR. "Tlint in the oiiininii of tliis ('oiivi'iil ion tlic sales of public iiiiids nf tlic I )iiiiiiiiioii should l)e to actual setlhirs only, and not to sp<>oulatoi-s. npiMi rcasoiial)lf li-niis of .settle- ment, and in such ai'cas as ca^u br reasonalil.\- dccupied and riili i v,il id liy llic sciilcr." UIVIJEVKIiOPKU IIKSOUIICES. Tlio question of the management and tlie disijosal of the public lands is oui' of prime Importance. The wilderness areas of Canada contain the groat bulk of its uiidivy the so-callod colonization plans adopted in Uceenibor, ISSl. I'nder the pi . vision of these plans, speculators were enabled to buy tlie public lands not reserved ' . railways, the Hudson Cay t'onipany or seliool purposes, in townships, or blocks of town sliips, at one-half the price chartred lo tin? actual settler. By the provisions of one these plans purchases were for casli; by tlu' jirovisions of tlie other plan credit on en terms, extending over a period of five yiars was KiviMi. 'I'lie rusli of speculators und^ the credit plan was phenomenal. On January 1st, ISS;',, a Utile over a year after t; order was issued, tlie applications under the credit J>Ian numbered L'.'il and covered 2, J.' townships of land. Among the applicants were 21 nicniliers of Parliament, supporters ■ the Government, whose applications covered aliout l.")0 townsliips. While slow setti ment of the North.west and other circumstances caused most of tliese speculative schein - to collapse, it was through no act of the Government tliat an enormous area of public laii; was withheld from the hands of the speculators, wlio would liave extorted from the actii.i settler many times the price per acre tliat the Government had received. THK TI.MBER I.IMITS GllAU A scandalous instance of the disreg-ard of the (Jovernntent for the general publi interest is furnished by the timber limit policy in vogue up to the year ISST. Previou to that date timber limits were granted to friends of the Government upon priv.ii. application without being advertised or offered at public competition and were gram- upon the payment of $5 per square mile. One limit thus obtained by John Charl • Rykert for the sum of $250, was sold soon after for $.;iO,ono. Up to February, 1885, r,.V Orders-in-Council granting limits were issued. Tliese orders covered an area of 25,:i'i' square miles. Of tliese grants twenty-six were made to Conservative members of Parli i ment upon tlieir own application, and seventy-nine grants were made to friends of Con servative members of Parliament upon the application of members; and nearly. If not a!: of the grants made were to Conservative frieivls of tlie Government. A more repreheii sil)le abusi' of power can scarcely be conceived. 'J'lie eiiurmous public loss tlui" delib' i ately inflicted by tlie Government may be better understood by rrf(>rring to the timb' : sale of the Province of Ontiirio held in the autuiiin of ISSl. when at public audi" bonuses amounting to JTSn.Siil were received for 1,4!:; sciiiare niibs — ;iu average of $■"■;" bonus per square mile. The Dominion grants under consideration were mostly made i a date suliseqiient to the Ontario sale alUidiil to, and at tlie rate of bonuses then receiv •: the Doniiuion tioveriinient should have received iii)on tlie 2.'),;!00 square miles grant''; bonuses to the amount of $1 ;j,i)Sfl,000. While it is not claimed tiiat this amount coi;. liave t)eeii lealizi'd from an lionest, properly advertised sale, it is cl.iimed that the Vi.- area should not liaxe been given away to favorites, but should havf b.'cn sold at pui. : auction if sold at all. Fortunately a. considerable portion of the area, thus granted \\ ■ within the limits of the disputed territory, and when the claim of Ontario to its owie i sliij) was eonlirmed, the :Mi)wat Govi'runient r-pec-dily annulled lln' inlhi' batch of swind!- I)erpetrati'd liy t|ji> Dominion Government witliiii its bounds. I-AND OIIANTS T(» IIAIKWAYS. The iioli<'y of tlif (iovemnient with regard to railway land grams has b""M waste' and indefensible. Grants have been made to branches of *'.,. l',I',U. that would h:- lieen built by the company's feeders of the main line without aid. In one instanc' grant of land w.is made to a liil-mile section of tlie Soiiris hraiieli of the C.P,R. after was actually constructed, followed by a grant to another section of .'!J miles on the sa line after it also was completed. Speculative railway cli.irters fortified by land gra have been repeatedly granted, to be hawked around for sale, and su< li charters have of- been renewed whep about to lapse. In tlie matter of railway land grants the Gove ment has ever seemed ready to second the purposes of mere speculators and adventuri i 4:i (.'ttliT was strikingly 18S1. t'nder the pi , inds not reserved >..; s, or blocks of town- provisions of one '■: r plan credit on eiis^ ot' speculators undi i ver a year after tli. -Til and covered 2,:j;i.' lament, supporters .. Willie slow settl- > speculative scheni- js area of public laihi 3r!.ed from the actii.i- >lved. ir the general publi i-ear 1S87. Previou- nmont upon privai' n and were gram ed by John Charl • 3 February, 1885, r,'. ed an area of 25,3'!' 1' members of Parli.i le to friends of Con lid nearly. If not al: A more reprehcii lie loss thu" delib- r 'rring: to the tlmln: 11 at public auctin -ail average of $.".;: i^ere mostlj- made i muses then receiv ■■■ [uare miles grant' ■; t this amount con: aimed that the va.- licen sold at pulri 'a tliUK granted w ntario to its own' r re l)atcli of swindl' Up to January 1st, 1S94, 44,:'4L',2!iS acres of i)ublic land liad been granted by tlie Gov- ernment in Miinitoba and the Canadian Northwest, in aid of laiiway construction. ow the basis of the present cultivated area of the Dominion, this i.s an amount more than sufficient to furnisli homes and support to lO.nOi) 000 people, and with the exception of the giant to the main line of the C. P. R. it may reasonably be doubted whether any of the grams were required lo secure the construction of branch and otiier lines as fast as the wants of the country re(|Uired and business could be furnislieil to iia,\- running ex- penses. MliKltVI. Rt:('UKI> OX l.ANU ttUESTION Tile policy of tlie pulilic lands for the actual settler and not for the speculator, has been advocated by the liberal party from the time our Public I.and Policy lirst received serious consideration. On April 12th, 1SS2, a resolution affirming tliis principle was moved in the House of Commons by Mr, Charlton, and after full discussion was defeated by a strict party vote. Yeas, 47; nays, 112. The principle was again affirmed bi: the Liberal Convention at Ottawa in June, 1893, and once more by resolution moved in the House of Commf)ns in the session of 1894, which was defeated June 7th on a strict party vote. Yeas, 47; nays, 100. 'I'lie l.tlier.il p.iil> Ilc\. .■il\\a.\s l,UMi'i.(l ileiise .in. I cnulinuoiis sell lenn n i s. Thev Iwive opposed ihe .iiloplion ol a iiolic>- wliii'h is ahnuiill,\- spi-e.oliim ih. popul, i ini! ■i\.r flist,;nl liistricis and sei-lions ol counlr\ wlneli iiecessi la I es rurilier r.iiiwa\- ei.nslruii ioi,. further land gr.anls foi- iliit purposi', ciili.ani-ei] pi-i< • s .it lands lo tin' seul,.|-. withoal aftnrdinjj;; to tlie existing railw.iy lines ijiai amount of iiavil and •<( tr.itl'ic. wlii.'li will cnalili coiiiliaiiies to pay tlie expenses ..r oper.iiini. :ini| nian.igeia. at. 'Ailliiaii i\cessi\-e burdens upon the jieople who may reside in the i'niinli\- lliroiii^li which lhe,\- iiiii. The people of CjM.nla have paid .i large sum to extinguish tlie cliiin Company to the lands in qui'Stion; tln'v liave paid a still larger sui nient of the Indian title. 'J'liey spend anntiallv several huiidi'eil thousand doll, us Inr lli mainieuance of police; they have opened up th.it connliy willi iaihva.\ tile ])i'iipli III" Canada about sixty millions of ihdlars. Tlie pi'ople I present settlement of tlve Xortliwcst, ,ind the revi nues derived from that section of :!e. Doniinion, in order to see liow vaa'y inaderiu.ite ilie reiiini is \'i^v ilie .•« I nn.iiHn.iiiMi whieh it li.as already cost the pe..plc ■>[ Caii.idi. f Ilie llinlsons l!,i.\ I'll' Ilie I xtingui.s niiailini;- a In-avy . xprmlil uri' t.. Loth ijulitical parties: "Tliat oaeli revision iiiV(.!\-cs an ailililional e.\pn, as originally intended, in tile alisenco of wlilch youiiK voters entitled to llie I'ramliise lia\e, in numei'ous instances been prevented from oxi'reising- their natural rit;hts; •■ 'riiat it has failed to sceure uniforniity, wliiih was the jirineipal reason assisni d tor its introduction; '■ Tliat it lias produced Kross abuses Ijy partisan revising- barristers ai)polnted by the Goveriinient of the day; "That Its provisions are less lilicral than those already exist iiiK in uniny Provinces of tlio Dominion, and that in the opinion of this Convention the Act sliould be repealed, and \VL' should revert to the Provincial Franchise." OILIKCTIONABLE IN E^'EUV WAY. I'erhaps the most univprsalU- condemned piece of legislalion is tliat known to the country as the Dominion .i'''raiudiise Act. So excessively unpopular has it become, that the party vvno, as a body defend it, as individual.'! find no languaBi' too strong with which to condemn it. It was conceived, not, as claimed, to secure uniform franchise, but to hav(> the moans a' hand ready, should the nec<'ssity arise, of eniharrassingr, prejudicing and injuring political opponents. The marked differences in the economic conditions of our people made it possible to possess anif(n'mily of francliises from the Atlantic to tlie Pacific. This was fiviickly seen and as auickly admitted, for in the very Act itself the basis of qualification in Uritisli Columbia was made different to that in the other Provinces of tlie Dominion. As tills was foicild.v pointcil (jut. by tlie Hon. David Mills, Mr. AVllllam Paterson and others in tlie House In ISS.'! when the Act was passed, they urged that inasmuch as the reasons advanced tor this useless legislation by its authors, could not and did not exist, that the Act should not be passed. None the less it became law, clearly indicating that the professed object was but the veneering of a real design to possess at hand .a powerful engine wherewith to destroy the Ijiberals before the battle be- gan. Amendments to the Act have still further varied the basis of (lualifications. Though the reason, as offered for its enactment, has long since disappeared the law is still retained. The Act was bad in its intenlioiH and its intention has been faithfully fulHlled in its operation. Forseeing its evils upon the body politic, tlie Diberals day after day. and night after night unceasingly and without rest battled with and fought it in its passage througii the House. It was this grand stand, so taken by the Liberals, which secured tlie right Of appeal from revising officers who are not judges, without wliicli right temporary appointees could with impunity, as some even now do, assist Tory candidates in absolute defiance of all rules of evidence and justice. This right of appeal acts in some cases as a deterrent against flagrant partiality, yet tlie opportunity and facility for friendly assistance is rendered easy, and at the same time so difficult to prevent, that the real design of this Act is fairly well accomplished by many of those appointed to adminisler the law. No matter how wilful the omission, no matter how bad tlie commission, relief can- not be had, for the law does not permit redress by mandamus or prohibltiun. Each officer «4 45 5 ACT— ISE. imiliiion Ti-piisury ixplitical pMrtifs; ilii'i' fniarU-r nl' a iially intended, in iniiTdiis iiistaiicfs I i-.asnu a.ssin'K '1 i apiii'iiitcd by the II many l^rovincis KUild l>c' lupealod liat liiiown to 111'-' IS i( IxH'omo, thaL stroiiK with wliicli I'rancliisc, but to K, projiidicing ami onditlons of our Atlantic to tno y Act itsolf tlic It in tlip otUer lion. David Mills. was passed, thcv n by its authors. lu' less it became a real design to ire ilie battle b'^- Uations. Thougli w is still retained. y fulfilled in its er day. and night s passage throutrii seeur<'d the right right temporary dates in absolute 11 some cases as a lity for friendly nl, that the real led to administer niakeii his own rules and lie becomes a .sort of Judicial Czar, possessing tlie |iocting wliom iie wishes, and so burking tlie will of the people. 'J'iiis opportunity availed of by some is tlie opportunity s pidling districts. There are on an estimate 1 ,"iaO sittings of courts for linal I'evision. To jirejiare for the pre- liminary revision meetings are called and held, assessment ridls examim.'d, eanva.s.-i made for names to add or remove, forms are printed, declarations drawn, sworn to and filed, and often professional services used; the value of time and casli outlay for each polling district averages $10, or in all ITfi 2,')0. To pre]), ire for linal revision, includin.g l(jrms, notices, registrations, subpoenas and serving, at least tlie same average of $10 for each district may be eslimatid, thus adding another $7."),-,J0. At the sittings of courts tlie lime of v(dunteer witnesses, witness fees paid, fees to lawyers, paid livery and other outliayH, at li'ast $20 for each court may be allowed, making for tlie 1,500 couvts $;!0,ono spent, making a tesid<'S the cost of $L','ai,oOii to the treasury. The revision llien of l.s;il-."i costs tlie people' $011,0011. Tliey ought to regisl'^r tli'ir votes against such a s.vsteni of extravagance and unfairness. Since the inception Of this Act tlie liberals have fought llrnily for its repeal and demanded ih;it llie Pro- Vinci.'il lists be used. Their demands li.id considerable effect upon tlie late Sir John Thompson who introduced a Hill during the session of 1S94 to amend tlie Franchise Act by adopting salient features of the Provincial lists. In his speech on June 14th, 1S',U, when intniilueing the Hill Sir ,loli]i Thompson .said: "The question upon wliicii so nuich difference has arisen in the past as to tlie basis of the franchise, shall bo ad- justed b.v adopting tlie fr.incliise •<( the several provinces. *♦****»» The number of differences whiih I'Xisi between the provincial francliises and the Dominion franchise as 'cstaljlished liy our cnvn Act, are so few ,is not to bo worth the contest .and the expenses which are involved in keeping them uj), and the adoption of a general system which will apply tiotli to the IjOcal .ind Dominion l.,egisl,itiires, h,is re- commendations as ri'gards simplicity and facilities for I'conom.v, which cannot exist under a dii.il system sui h as we lia\e lieen keeping up for ilie ii.ist few years. .Vls'i- "It is obviously one of the most desirable features in c(uineetion with an\ S.vslcia of franchise, and to my mind an essential feature, tlial the system to lie adopted will he such that it can be put into opi'ration every year. ' Sir .folin Thomiisons Bill was never passed. It was not the desire of the present Ministers that it should become law. They are in favor of the pernicious Act. ission, relief can- ition. Each offictu- 40 8.— AGAINST THE GERRYMANDER— COUNTY BOUNDARIES SHOULD BE PRESERVED. '■'riiai liy the riorryiuiiiidt r Ads. I In chdldial ilivisloiiH for tlu; return of nifmbcr to the- House of ("iiiiimoiiH havi' l)eeii Ml iiKMle as to jiieveiu a I'air expression of the opinloi of the eoiiTilry al tlie Keneral il.etioiis, and Iti secure to llie iiarty now in power a streiiKli out of all iiropoi'lion Ki'ealei' than llie nuinlief of I'leeloi's sup|>ort inn' Hiini would warrani To put an .'inl to tliis abuse, lo make the lliujse of foinnions a fair exponent of publi' opinion, and to iir.'S(r\i. tlie liisto h- (•cnii innil \- of eoiinilts, it is desirable tliat in tie forinati(ni of eleelnral divisi(uis, counl^- boundaries slioiiid lie preseryed, ami tluU in n- rasc p.irls ot dilTiii'iii eoimlies sIkmiIiI lii.. put iu one eleeloral di\ision." Till-: liKUIIVM.\M>L:«». ACTSi 'I'he ]j||)eral I)arty at the National C'onyention deilarcd as tiie l^ilieral members in tli House of Commons had declared In 1S82, llie time thi' Gtrrymander Act was pas,s'ed, anl frcauently tlioroiU'ter against the Gerrymamler Acts, by vyliich redistribution was made '■>' the cons'tituencios, after the census of 1S,><1 and of ISiil. The ob.iect of an election is i>' keep the House of Commons in touch with the country, and to see that it continues to bi a fair exponetit of its public opinion. Any system of representation which will prcvon; tile v>revailinpr political sentiment of tlie country from actiuiring' a paramount influence iii Parliament is serlousl.v defective. In some countries where society is segregated intn order and classes, constitutions have been devised to favor certain orders and classes, aiel to give them representation out of all iiroportion grreater than tliat to which their numeii cal str(>ngth would entitle them. In Canada we have no such divisions of the communit\ Our people are democratic. Tin- aristocratic element which, tit one time, exercised i." little influence in the Province of Quebec, practically disappeared before the Provinces were tlioroughly united. i'nder the present constitution ( ach Province is given its due weight in tlie Hou.-:i of Commons by liaving apportioned to it. r i Canada has never called into existence the authority l)y which redistribution is lo be mad- It lias always disregarded tills piovision of the law, and lias exercised the autliority itsjl: 'i'liis biMiig so. it has never had any occasion to state in whai manner the redislribut iei, shall be made. Th(' Liberal party set out in its platform the foregoing resolution, in vvhicli it i declared that in order that tlie House of Commons may be so constituted as to beconii; i fair exponent of public opinion it was desirable that in the formation of electoral divi sions county boundaries should be preserved, and that in no case should parts of difler::i' counties be put in one electoral division. The Ijiberal parly in adopting this resolulio simply ratified the principles which the leaders of that iiarty al'fiinicd in 1S72, and wliic i have been frequently defended by them on liie door of Parliament since that time. Tli position taken by the I^iberal party in Canada upon this subject did not set out any novel- i revolutionary doctrine. The opinions which they advanced and tlie principles which tin enunciated and defended wen; held by leading statesmen in Kngland in 1S32, and w-i ■ again recognized and acted upon by the leaders of both parties when redistribution w made in 1S82. On lioth these occasions it was agreed that nothing could well be mo- destructive to true represent.-il ion than to subordinate the munieipal divisions of tl countr.v to mere numerical repn-sentatioii. 'I'h-- country, and not the wlml,. coiintrv. is tl unit to be divided. 47 ;OUNTY :VED. rctiirii lit' iiu'inl)!'! ssiuii 1)1' till' opiiilin ill iidwer u sti'ciif^l i Kill would warraiii oxpoiiciu oL' publi ■siiiiliU" that ill tli •cil, and lluit in n- II." eral mi'iiibcis in tli ic't was passod. aiv! Inillon was made <■< of an election is i' t it continues to !>> wliicli will pii'von: amount influence m is seKi'egat'od ini" ers and classes, aii'l which their nunveri s of the coinmunitN time, exercised i." eCore the Provinoi s veight in the Hous. decennial census, ri ed out in section .">;, 1 authority in sucli Tlie Parliament i i • ution is to be mad' the authority Its-^l: IT tho rcdistributii". tion, in whicli it i uted as to beconu.' i 3n of electoral divi Id iiarts of differ:;:^ iling- this rosolulii' i 1 ill 1S7-, and \\ liii : K'c that time. Tli set out any novel ■ i rineiples wliich tin .1 ill 1S32, and wji' 1 redistribution w - could well be ino' lal ilivisions of tli' vhcili' country, is tl i TIIK Ml M( II'AI. I Ml Certain rplatlons grow u]. between tlu' ( b. Inrs I Innisi 1\« s, who aii' in the habit of acting tiigclhi'r for various public ob.|e<'ts ami by which Ihcy arc bdicr i|iialllicd lo act logc'llicr for the election of nicmbcrs to ilic Ibnisc ,i( ("ominuns. 'rimsc who aii' brought freciuenlly In eiuitacl, In thi' discharge of public diilles le.irn to Uimw cieh other; they become ai'iiuainted with those who are liest informed and wlm are liest ijualitled to act as leaders and spokesmen in whatever puhlii' business tiny ;ire calbd iiimn In traiisa i. The,\ ha\-(; in their public niei'tiiigs an opportunity of forming In their nwn inlmls an esli- mat e (it the capacity and tltness of ihe men who may aspire in reiircsem iliem, f.a" where such npporiunlty offers the ejectors will ciiiisider not only the pnliticiil opinions >ir.t thejirlvale worth of those who are can.Hdales fnr seats in Parliament. Where a constilii- enc>' i.-^ made up of fragments wri'Slcd Irom several ad.loining counties the elecidis in eacli are sliangers to those in the others, and each has oiil\- hail an npport iinil .\ of funning ..ii opinion of (he fitness of caiidldat.s Irom his own section, as it is nnl.v in his own section that an opportunity litis been affoi-deil him of knowing anything of the ability and diar- acter of llic men wlio may aspire lo a seat in Parliament. 'I'he candiclale wlio resides In the enuiily fr.igment that la tlie most popnbuis lias the best chance of success, though he may ne i|iiile inferior to the aspij'ants from other sectbuis of the same const itueiu'y. I'lie wisdom of this view was recognized by Sir Jolm Macdonald when the "Ui'di.^- trlbulion .\tt of iS72" was under loiisidera tion. On that occasion lie said: "With "rosp'ii to the rural const itnencies. the desire of the (Jovirnmeiit has been to lu'esei ro "the representation for rounlics and sub-divisions of counties as iiiiicli as possilde. It is "consiilered objeclionablo to make represeiital imi a mere geographical term, Tt is desired "as iniieh as possible to keep the lepnsenlal Ion within the t'oiiiuy so that each county '.'thai is ii, municipality of Ontario should be represented and it it liecomes large ciioikjIi, "dlx'ide it into ridings; thai principle is carried out in the .suggestions . . . but it " 1b obvifMis that there is a gri'at advantage in having cinintles elect men whom they "know. Our municipal system gives an tidmirable opportunity to cotistituoncies to select, "men fm- thi'ir deserts. We all know the process which liappil.v goes on in Western "Ontario. ,V young man in the county commences his public life by being elected by the ■'neighbors who know him to the towiisliii) council. If he shows himself possessed of " adminislr.il ive ability lie is made a reevi' (U' deputy-reeve id' his coiint.v. lie becomes "a niembei' of the county council, and as ills experience increases and his character and "ability become known, he is selected by liis people as their representative in Parliament. "It is, I riiiiik, a giiind system that the people of Canada should have the opportunity of "choosing for piditical promotion the ini'ii in whom they have most coiilideiiee and of "■Whose abililies they ;ire fully assured. All tiiat great advantage is lost by cutting off a "portion of two separate counties and adding them to.;ether for electoral purposes only. "Those |)ortions so cut olf have no common interest; they do not meet together and tiiey "have no common fecliiiii, except that once in live years they ko to the polls in their own "township to vote i'or a man who may be known in one section and not in another. This " teiKls towaril the iiil rodiiet ion and development of the American s\stem id' caucuses, ly "Which wire-pullers take adventurers for their political aliility only, and not for any per- "sona! respect for them. So that, as much .is possible, from an> point of view, it is advl- "sable tliat counties should refuse men whom they do not know, and when the reiirescnl i- " tion is increased, it should be by sub-di\iding the counties into ridings." THE RULE HAS UEEN UISItEUAItUEU To these opinions tlie liiberal i^arty eordiall.v subscribed. At that time it was sup- posed that the rule, its stated by Sir Jolm Macdonald, would at all times be strii'tly adhered to wlienever it became necessary to readjust our representation. Unfortunately for tlie moral and political well-being- of Canada, this rule was wholly disregarded in IS.Si and in 1X112. Certain members oi the (.'onservative Party, at the reciuest of the Gover>i- ment. undertook tlie task of making such a division of the Province of Ontario as would enable them, with so small a vote as that wliich they polled in ISTf, to secure a return of a majority of the members from this Province to the House of Commons. It is unnocessai.v to point (lilt llif mlschli'Vmi.s offiTt lliiil Hiicli n iiU'iiHiirc wax culculiilcd to liuvc upon I will) ,sii|i|)ortiil II. It IM ImpoHslbli- lliMl liny iii;iii could kIvc Ills n:iiu'tl. < c ho uniliflMUr piilillrlv lo ill liliil a, inr.isiiri' of llils kiiiil-iiiiJiiMt allko to IiIh poll : opi)oiiciils mill lo till' coiiiiii-y— without sIrikliiR to ii lower moral Icvol than ho i. bolorij, anil without lit'ooniinn- ilisiiiialilli'il liy IiIh cnniliict for the work of homo adin.m tratlon and li'Kl.slatioM. I'.iit apart I'ldin llu' inisclilcvons cfti-ct upon the llotisp nnd ■ I'oiintry In the way iiiciitlonid, It docs a further mischief by violation of the principle '.'onlimiity in the r<'preseiitatlon of coiislitnencleH. The British North American Provinces preferred, not without reason, the Eiu li system of responsible Kovernnient to that system which prevails In the nelffhbui i Itepublic. Under the British system, tlic men lust <|iiall(led for tlio place become i leaders of their respective parties. Their ability industry and parliamentary cxperi' i render tliotn year by year better i|ualllled for the jilaces whioh they 1111, and entitle Wf to the Increased oonlldence of their respective parties. Were It not for the parllamen'ii experience of such men, serious mistakes, which are now avoided, would be made, i under their leadership tli.at the new men which come In at every general election bei ■". trained to the work oi legislation and Koveiument, But where county boundaries r dlsrcKarded at every readjustment there Is Increased danger to our institutions ,. increased risk of mistakes to the Kreat detriment of the country by substituting too k'' a niimlier of men without parliament.iry experliiice for those who h.ave seen long ser\i An.v alteration in our institutions which is calculated to unduly diminish the p'lli regard for taillifiil service is an alteration for the worse. Now the Gerrymander N^ destroy In a large degree, in every constituency where county boundaries are disregai'i the relations which have grown up between an existing miiinber and t'losi.' whom he i merly represiMUeil. We cannot too strongl.v impress upon the people of Canada ' wisdom of adlKilnf,' to the lOnglish practice in this regard. Nothing has done mnio exclude able men from the Congress of the I'nited States than the destruction iif cou! constituencies, ;ind the e'ffect which has followed it in th.at country is likely to flow li its introduction here. It offers to men who are ambitious and unscrupulous a sti' tem|)tation to use the power of altering the electoral divisions, for mere party purp"- unlil an election falls to indicate by its result the opinion of the country. The I.ill' I'arty, therefore, in the interest of honest representation and justice to all parties an.i honor in public life, insist upon tlic preservation of county boundaries in the redlsii Xion of seats after each decennial census. W__j. 49 lied to hllVf lljiuii I lualon much li'>,4 < n : alike III Ills pollM^ rill level lliiiti he hi work ot lionio adniiin pon the lloiiso nnil i; tlini of thu prliiclpl' )ut reason, the Etui) IIh III the iiclRhbu; i • tlio place become i irllamentary experi' jy nil, and entitle i- t for the parlliimen': would be made. i general election bei ■( county boundaries i o our institutions .1 y substituting too mi' have seen long- scr\ 1 luly diminish the pul' the Gerrymander N^ ndaries are disregaj 1 ind t'lose whom he h people of Canada ' hlng has done morf^ e destruction of com; y is likely to flow ii unscrupulous a sti v )r mere party purp"- e country. The Lil' Ice to all parties and laries in the redisli THE SENATE DEFECTIVE -AMEND THE CONSTITUTION. " 'I'lie present coiistUutlon of the Senate Im inconslHient with tlu; l^'ediral prlncijile In our system of government, and Is in other respects (lefeethe as It makes the Hen.ile Independent of the people and uneontndled by the public opinion of the country, and «hould be »o amended as to brings It Into liarmony with the principlcH of popular govern- ment." The experience of twenty-seven years has clearly demonstrated that the C'anadian Senate, under tlie present mode of appidntment. Is an utterly useless appendage to ihe legislative machinery of Canada. It does not command popular conliilenee. It scarc.dy receives public recognition. Appointed by Ihe CrowTi In llie,'>ry, It was no doubt expect .(1 by the fatliers of Confi deration that dignity, imi'urt iality .and a lofty sense of duty would be the (.'liaracterlstlcs of the l)ody. Tlie logic of facts lays rude hands upon those pleasant anticipations. The appointments are for life. They are made by a partizan ministry. They are bestowed as a rule upon old political time-servers. No regard Is paid to the proi>rJety of liaving all shades of political sentiment fairly icpresented in llie body. The Tory I'lirty lias been in power since 1S7S, Since that date, with possibly one or two exceptions, none but Tories tiave been appointed to the positions. When a Lilieral senator dies his place Is filled straightway by a Tory. Tills process has gone on till out of a body Of T8 memliers not more than 12 Liberals are left, and were the present (jovci'ami'nt to remain in office for a few years longer the Liberal element In the Henalo would hieeme extinct. This body costs tlie country $lli;!,000 per annum. It does not leiuier that many cents' worth of service. It offers little check to hasty or vicious legislation, and it contents itself with saying "Amen" to tlie decrees of the Government and strangling or impeding f.ir years, the passage of any moral legislation that emanates from the Opposition side of the House of Commons. .\s llie Can.'idian senator is never eall'd upon to present himself to a constituency for re-election, lie is iialurall.\- totally in- dlffcnni to public opinion or popular demand. I'erched upon its si.'rene heiglit of Irresponsible authority the Senate has the power to thwart popuUir desire for re- form or defy public sentiment, however overwhelming tlie expression may be. Its action might easily be made most disastrous to the public weal. If ll possesses any power foi' good it would be difficult to say when tliat power lias been exercised. It certainly possesses vast power for mischief. Deatli is the only potentate, aside from a constitutional anvendment, tliiit can change lis complexion. The lyiberal Parl.v ver.v jimperly demands a cliaiige of the constitution tliat sliall make the Senate a body In liarmony with the principles of popular government. Details as to mode of election, length of term, vacating seat upon dissolution of Parliament aii^ cognate questions are left for full discussion and mature, well-considered action, but the principle of responsibility to the electorate and harmony In constituting and working, with the requirements ot a popular form of government, is clearl.y asserted and has become a car- dinal point in the policy of the Liberal Party. ,"iO THE PATRON PLATFORM. h't siihilioHs III- Pltuiks i}(tof>l((l ill /.onilnii. Sifl< iiil'ri\ iS()i. \. .Maim iriiiiit'i' cil' MiUInIi chiiiic cI Iom. It Is iiiil III! IssiK . All iIm' iiiililjial luirtli-H 111 ('iilliiilii iiKIci' nn IIiIiIhIi cmhiU'CIi 111 llic ('aliiiillaii raillaliHlilaiy Sissloii iif IMIll an adilri'SH wan luc'Vi'il (2!Ull Jiii iiry) liy a iDadliiK l-llx'i'al rrnni OMlaiin. Mr. Mnjurk, ami iiiiaiiiinniisly ail< ciim iliK 111 Hit .Ma.)cst,\' tin' lolln wlnn- rliililiatic as.sui'aiK'i.s uf llic atlachliii.Ml .i' wli jmoipIc (if Caiiaila In iliiir Uiillsli ((iimci. Uim : " \Vi-. yniir .Majistys luiiHt (liililiil and loyal suli.jiils. the ('(iiiiiiiiiliH cit Caiia.la, i I'arlliiiiKiil assciiililcil, du.slru most, ciiriiislly, In our 'our MaJi'Sly's most lo.\a 1 sulijicls diyotolly atlaclifd to tlii' political mil' cxisliiiK bc'twoiMi Canada and tliu mother ccMintr.v and carncslly di'slrc Us contlnuanc' " \W- fi'i'l assured that your .Ma,iest\- will not allow ,iny s\ieli slaleiin'iils, emanali from any source wliatuver, to lessen your Majesty s eonllilenee in the loy, v of yc Canadian siihjecis lo ,\our Ma.lesly's person ;ind tioyernmenl, and wi' cpt n nssurances of the eonteiil nieiil of your Ma.lesly's Canadian suhjecls will iidltl' coiincetion lietween Canada and llie la^st of llie Itrltlsh lOmpIre, and of their liAid resol to aid ill malntainlnfj the same," ]ion. Wilfrid haurier, the Lilaral leader, in a spi'ecli al liuehei', .lanuary, IMll, reforrinK to the ideas and holies of the hllierals, said: " We are before and aboye all C,i ; adiaiis; Canadians In the fullest aceeptanee of the term; i.'anadlans at tjilebec, Canadiai- at Toronto, and Canadians from the shores of the (Jalf of SI. Lawreiiee to the famo i- niountalns \vl\oso feci are kissed by the waves of the I'aelllc and whose erosts av refreshed by the balmy breezes from the Orient. i Prolonged applause.) f)ur gr' i object is the development of tin- work of Confederation; It is lo draw I'ioser, bind .1 cement lOKethcr the dilterenl elements scattered over tlie face of the whole Uriti North America and to wold them into one nation. (Hear, hear.) 'I'liis is, as I undei stand it, the role oi: the I^lbcral party in the Confederation, and as long as J shall lia the lioiior to lake a part in the shaping of our destinies this is the ideal towards whi it shall prravitate. (Ai)plause. )" Mr, Laurier, speaking at Montreal, January :i2iul, ISi).'), said-. " 1 have slat! over and over again that though I am of French origin, and though I am jiroiid of }i origin, 1 love England and I love isritisli institui ions. 1 liave stated that over and ov i again, and I must repeat it once more, perliaps in the city of Montreal, I love Englan I, I love UritiVili institutions, and why'.' Because under Mritisli institutions, under '' banner of St. George, my fellow-coiintrynien .ind myself of I^'reiich oiiffln have found f '■ greater freedom than we could ever have liofied for Inn' we remained subjects to Fran^' If 1 wanted examples or prec'cpts of art, 1 Wi.uid go lo France; if I wanted philos.- phical counsels, I would go to Cit^rmany; but, for means of governiiu nt, for all cconoiii' principles, I would go to the land of sound government and sound common sense, O 1 England. It is from that land th.at I take my theories, and upon that platform' between friend and foe, .ll Kill Isll CMIIIIIC'I I iM iiicivcii (:;:iih Jmi isly M(lc rilin I'llllKMl .!• wli 1 HMIillls (it ( ',111,1 III, II III! on lu'lmlt' (if III iiK liiyalty ami div- I'lis iMilillf stiU'-in.i '• Hilda to t III' polltl' ,i I l',;iiiipirf, aiul rcj),. •clloii. iili'iiic'iils arr who I ■opli' of Canada, w'l llic iiolllli'iil mil ' re it.s coiitliiiianci la(iMiiciil.«, I'lnaiiatl; ; I ho loyj V of yo , ml wl? 'opt o i: K will Pldltll ^ of tlii'ir liAi'il i-fsol.' oi', Jamiary, i^\)\. n '(• and above nil Ca i- It tjuobec, CanadiaM- rcinT to the lam>i i- id whoso crests ai' lau.'fo. ) Our gT'i- ■aw rloHcr, IjIiuI il'il I' llu,' wholo Brltii i 1!, 'I'lie resffval l"ii or the piibllr land" I'lr the arliial selUer. .\ |iiliiel|de advoealed by IIh' Liberal parly from llie lliiie Km polley wllli re^taid lo the piilill.' liimis liLwiiM to recelvi' the corisldita l lori rendered in wniiry by Ihe Iniliix o( getlleis inio the N'oilh-Wcsl. . 'riil,s niollMii was fully debaleil and was ilef.aled li\- a s(t|e| par'v \-o|e. Yfas 47. Niiv.'' HL' I Hansard, ls,s:', p. sic.) In ,liine. IMi;l, the kH'iiI l.ibeial eon ve iii Imi wlihli nie( al intawa ii'iillli I the principle In ro>ioliiilon c the iubllc lands for the actual settler was lorniulaled by the T/lberal party nearly ten \ears before the platform of the ralroas of Iiniu,-;! ry was adoptc'd. ( Sc also resolution iJ in tlie r,|bei'al plalfiinn.) ;!, Purity of administration anil absolute liidc'iendence of Parliament. Tile IJberal party lias uniformly and wiliiont a s.nnle' exception, opposed and denounced the scandals, Ipoodiiiig and stealings for wliicii the present ly decreased the controllable expenditure duriUK his term of ofHce, and only added to the public debt as he' wa.s constrained to do in meeting the obliK.Ttions and contracts entered into by his predecessors In office. Mr. Mackenzie sustained a loss of political 52 pii|p|)iirt tln-diiKli his sliTii refusal to pe'rmit jobs, favoritism or waste of public fiiii. s for iirivatr and selllsh purposes. The past record of the J..iberal party warrants !!■■ assertion that if It is aKain entrusted witli the administrations of the affairs of Canae'i It will secure economy in every de^arlnicnt of tlie public service. The T.,iberal platfori i. adopted by the T.,ibtral r(.nvention in 180S. declares in the most positive terms for puriiv of administration, strict economy, decreased expendlturf. responsible g-overnment ai I independence of Parlianient. (See resohition I, Liiberal platform.) 5. Simplilication of the laws and Rcneral reduction of the machinery of governmen' Quite in conformity wltli Liberal principles past and present. Liberal leaders con- tend that we have too many heads of departments, too man.v cabinei minl.ster>, too many civil servants: an extravagant pay roll In the customs, interior, inland revenui . excise, weights and measures, and other brandies of the public service; that we hav.^ useless and worse than useless laws, such as the Gerrymander Act and the Franchise Act; that we have too many offici.ils, too many laws, too mucli machinery, and a va.-^t burden of worse tlian useless expense; and tliese al)uses the Liberal part.y proposes li reform wiien the people of Canada call It back to otTice. (See resolutions 7 and S, Lii eral platform.) '1. 'I'he almlllion of tlic Senate. (See resolution !t, Liberal platform and artlch thereon.) 7. .\ s.vsieni of civil service reform tliat will give each county power t(j .appoint o elect all county officials paid by tlieni exce|;! county judges. 'I'liis is an issue inn connected with IJoniinion politics and necarly uid not avow and act upon tlie principle of a revenue tariff, witli duties so ad.iusted as to yield m more revenue than was necessary to meet tlie retiuircmeiits of the Government when lion estly and economically administered. When the slight revision of the tariff was made ii. 1S7(;. and duties wer.' adv.inced from lo to 17% per cent., Ilic Conservative leaders con demned tlie Mackenzie administration for refusing to advance duties to a point higj] enoiigli to affoid protection to liome indusU-ies. and in ISTs. wlien the lines were bein" laid down foi' tlie imiicnding appeal to tlic electors, the Jfackenize Gov<.rnment unHincir ingly adhered to the polic.\- of a low revenue tariff, while the Conser^■ative ii.irty. iindei the leadershii) of Sir John A. Macdonald, formally took ground in lavor of tlie Natl(mal Policy by mothm made Mardi 7th. 1S7.S. (Sei Hansard, 1S7.S, vol. ]. p. ,s.-,4, ,.„i 2.) Tin contest was fought out upon tliis issue, and in an honest, determined stand for a "revenu, tariff the Mackenzie administration met its doom. From that time onward the Liberal party has steadfastly adhered to the revenue tariff principle, and m.iny parliamentar.\ motions di'tlning the position of the party in tliat regard could he quoted' Tlie freer trade and reduced taxation resolution adopted by tile Nati>>na; Liberal Convention in June IS't.'l denounces the protective principles and declare.s. "That the tariff sliould he so adjuste(^i a- to mi.kL» free, or to bear as lightly as po.ssibh' upon the necessaries of life, and shiuild be so arrang.'d as to promote free trade with the whole world, mor.' particularly with Great Uritain and the I'nlted States." (See resolution 1. Liberal platform.) *u, sto of public fun. s party warrants tl .■ he affairs of Cana.i;i he T^iberal piatfori i, A'o terms for puriiy t)l<' government ai .] nery of governmen Liberal leaders con- eabinot minister^, ■ior, inland revenu. . i^iefe'; that we hav.> and the Franchis.' hinery, and a va.-i party proposes l. itions 7 and S, Lii 53 !l. ItrciinocMl li-aili' on fair and eolies whom llif Goveninient serves: ,ind it declares tluil the lalieral i)art,\- is prepared to enter into nefAiiilai inns to secure a I'.iir and liberal reciprocit.v treaty with ilie I'nitcd States, iniliul- iliK a u ell-cdusidered list cii' manu fact ured articles. One of the tirst steps of impoilaiu'e taken li\- the .Mackenzie (Jovernment was the .iltempt to idilain a reciiirocily treaty in the y>v 1^71. .\ treaty which would haye ])vovecl liiwiil.v- .advantageous lo Canada was nenntiale,! liy lien, (!eoi-c l!i-o\vii .111(1 Lord 'I'horiiKni with the I'uited .-states .Stale Dejia rl meiii. but f.iiled to n^eeive the saiielion of tlu I'liiled .States Senat<'. .\t no time since InTI have the labcral leailers ceased to desire an honorable and e(|uit.il)|e reci- procit.v tri.iiv with the rtiited States, and when aK'aiu ptM-iiiitted to manaKe negotiations there is liltle reason to dmilil that such a treaty would soon be secured by lliem. (See resolul inn.-- 1 ^md D. I,iberal plat fco-iii. ) itform and articl. Ill, lOITectual bj^-islat ion that will protect labor and the results of labor from those combin:!! inns and monopolies which unduly cnhaiiee ib,. price ipf the articles pi-oduccd by such cnnibinal inns and monopolies. ower to appoint o no comment liei Kill,! untraiiinie tlon of prexauit fn form rini tariff such It fnlbnvs labor and policy wil form 1 s. comljinal ions and iiumopolies can luilv possible uiioii the ii.rty tiid not avo« Hi as to yield nn rnment when lion ariff was made ii, ative leaders con- lo a point hifTii lines were bein^; ■ernnieni unflinch- itive party, undci ir of the National X^'i. col. 2.) Tin and for a revenm ward the Liberal ny parliamentary d. The freer trade tion in June, IS!),'! I he so adjusted a.-- ife. and should be ularly with Great 11. Prohibition of tlie bornising- of railways by Government fji'ants, as contrary to the public interest. The policy of bonusiiiK lailways liy cash and land grants from the Dominion Gov- ern luait has liceonic a fruitful source of .jobliery, peculation and corruption, I'nder its opcT-ation favorites of the Government have been enriched. Appropriations have been made for the sole purpose of purchasinK thesupport of constituencies, and va.st sums of public money havf been voted wiUiont regard to the public interest, while millions of acres of land that should lune been held In trust by the Government for the futur(> homes of hardy and di'sfrving settlers, have been banded over without consideration or just ifii'ation. to cliarter-hawki'r.s, whose intervention actually letards the construction of the lines whose franchise' they control, for the purpose of extortitig money from the Ullimali' builders of th<' roads. The policy of granting- these subsidies has repeate'dly been i (uideinned in I'arliainent by the I^iberal party, and this resolution is in harmony With the attitude of tile liibcral party upon this (incstion, (See resolutions :! and i'>. Liberal idatforin.) 12. Pii'iiai-ation of llie IJominion ana I'mviiuial voters' lists by the nuinicipnl officers. 'I'liis is a principle that ohtainod in practice from the time of Confei^pration, Isbi, till the passage of the Dominion Franchise Act in ISS,'., This Act was introduced March liith. and came i\i> for its second reading April Hith. 'I'liere followed the most memorable parliamentary battle in the history of Canada. The opposition of the Lib- eral members to the.' bill was continued till the early hour.'' of July 4th, when the bill received its third readinR-, and the preparation of the Dominion lists was taken from the municipal oHicers and placed in the hands of the I'cvisintjr barrister. This useless, ex- pensive, and uu.iusl measure has at all times received tlie uiispai-ing c— ~»- - ■■»■■■■ "■"- - '•--"■'"■ a -Because it went to the country at the last general election under false pretences, professing to" be on the point of securing a reciprocity treaty with the United States. wneTro negotiations were in progress and no prospect of securing such a treaty ex.stea. 10 -Because it has distributed 2r,,r 00 square miles of timber limits among Its friends and supporters regardless of value and without consideration. 11 -Because it has utterly destroyed .he independence of Parliament and secured the supporfof a slavish majority by gifts to members and their fr.e.ds of timber limits, railway subsidies and other favors. ,2 -Because H makes no attempt to secure purity of administration, but on the contrary is governing the country by the most shameless and corrupt methods. Ki.— Hcaiis,. ii is not an ocononiical government but is responsible for a system of extravaKaiice ami waste in every department. II.— Bfevanse. wlien the eonntry is stasserinK- un.ler a burden of debt and taxation no effort is made to reduce the d.^bt or diM>inish tlie expenditure. 15.-Beca.use the tariff is not adjusted for the purpose of securing- the revenue necessary for the economical administration of public affairs in the easiest way for the people, but on the contrary is made the weapon of rings and combines through the operation of which they exclude foreign goods and secure the power to charge exorbitant prices for their own wares. IC— Because the promises made on behalf of the National Policy were founda- t.onless and false. It has neither checked the exodu.s. nor given a home market for our tarn, products, nor increased the price of such products, nor secured prosperity tor the country. , n ,/^--^^""'^^' ^^"' <^xtravagance of the Government obliged the country to face a deficit of over $1,200,000 last year and will probably result in a deficit of $5,000 000 for the year 1S94-5. IS-Because the buried secrets of peculations, frauds an,l .ualadministration in the various departments should be exposed to the light of day, and the accounts and records should be investigated by men who are not interested in concealing facts. 19.-Because Canada is nearly at a standstill and her people are disheartened Her present rulers arc incompetent, and their policy worse than a failure We want new men, new methods, a new policy. of M -"^-^'^^^^^'-^^ Parllan>entary enquiry into grave charges made against members of he Government in the Caron case was refused, the character and allegations of said Charges Changed by the Government to suit its own purpose, and the emasculated indictment tints prepared referred to a commission chosen by itself before which ac- quittal was foreordained. T.rt • ''•~'''°'^"'" '''''"- P°^'°^- "^^« '«'J to the scheduling of Canadian cattle in Great Britain and the quarantining of Cana_dian cattle in the United States. 57 STRONG RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE LIBERALS. Reasons why the Liberal Party should be entrusted with the administration of the Government of Canada. 1. — Because when in power from 1873 to 1S78 it grivo the country wise ana just laws and an honest, prudent, economical administration of the public affairs, free from the stain of reckless waste, foul corruption and shameless disregard of public and private interests. 2. — Because when in power it increased the public debt only to' the extent ren- dered necessary by the obligations incurred and public works undertaken by its pre- decessors in office. ;;. — Because it only increased the expenditure from $23,316,316 in 1S73-4 to $23,- 503,158 in 1S77-8, a differen.;e of $186,842, and an average annual Increase during the period of $46,710. 4. — Because, though it was obliged to add to the debt and the interest charge- in meeting obligations incurred by the administration preceding it, the controllable expenditure during its term of office was reduced to the extent of over $1,700,000. 5. — Because it adhered to tlie just and proper policy of a low revenue tariff, calculated to meet the absolute needs of an economically administered Government — a tariff which would have proved sufficient for its needs upon the revival of busi- ness in 1879. 6. — Because it made an honest effort to secure reciprocal trade with the United States through the negotiation of the Brown draft-treaty. 7. — Because the IJheral party again placed in power will stop the increase of the public debt and commence its reduction a.s (lulckly and as rajiidly as pos.-^ihle. S. — Will reduce expenditure and cut down expenses witii all possible rapidity. 9. — Will place the tariff, witli due regard to all important interests, upon a purely revenue basis, so arranged as to promote freer trade with the whole world, more particularly with Great Britain and the United States, and will give due con- sideration to the interests of the farmer, the fisherman, the lumberman, the miner and the laborer. 10. — Will secure purity, honesty and economy in the administration of public affairs. 11. — Will seek for extended trade relations with the United States. 12. — Will seek for wider markets in other countries whenevi'r opportunity may offer to push our trade. 13. — Will recognize the actual settler as the natural heir to the public land.s. and will reserve the same for his occupancy upon reasonable terms and conditions. r)8 14.— win seek to 15._Will seek for such a remodelling and reconstructing of the Canadian Sen tricts V'""'"'';' """'' "" "'""' °' '"^ Gerrymander Act and cause electoral dis- ^^o'p°^1at?on'=°,;;i^/lTe;:;;it':'^""'^ ''°""<^-'- - ^" as the principle of representation by :7.— Will repeal the "Franchise Act," lists for Dominion elections. '" '" '"'" ""''''' ""'' ^'^''^^'^ ""''"''"' ^'-ovincial conveniences and abuses, and retu- - '''■''" "' °°'' '° '"'^ •=°""'^^' '^""''' "^ '" IS.-WiU vote no money for railway bonuses or public works for the ^n.. ution receipts and disbursements. ig superannu- 21.-Will stand by the Platform adopted at the National Liberal Convention. 59 LESSONS OF THE TARIFF QUESTION AS REVEALED BY THE TRADE TABLES. 'I'lic 'I'riidc Tables of (^aiiada are tim dlllclul record of its biisiin'ss with foi-cinii countries. The volume of business is shown by the quantities aiul values of its ex- ports and imports, embraeiiis- nieriMiandize, coin and bullion. These are entered at the various Customs Mouses under wi'll delined and uniform regulations, and the re- turns are reprularl.v sent In to the Department of Customs at Ottawa, wliere they are examined and compiled into annual reports known as the Trade 'Cables. Tliey do not show exactly, like a merchant's books, the net gains or losses of foreign trade. The cost of such items as freight, commissions and Insurance Is not known, and so an exact balance cannot be struck. Hut the Tables are prepared In the same way year after year, and tlie iackliiK items are the same; consequently the flRures of one year or period of years will compare i)roperly with tliose of another ^ear or per- iod. There will be gains In the trade of some articles and losses In that of others; but the aggregate of gain or loss will be shown In the difference between the values of exports and imports. The merchandize, coin and bullion sent out of Canada to other countries exch.tnge for the merchandize, coin and bullion brought into It from those countries. International trade is only another term for international exchange, and the busln ss Is carried on at a gain or loss according as the value of Imports In the Trade Tables is greater or less than the value of exports. If a man barters one article of merchandize worth to him $100for another article worth $120, he is a gainer of $20 by the transaction. So it Is with our foreign trade. It is shown to be conducted at a prollt if the value of our imports is greater tlian the value of our exports — if mercliaiidize of less value exchangi'S for luerchandize of greater value. This is the true idea of the "balance of trade." To illustrate: Cheese, live stock and grain entered for export in ilontreal at $100,000 sells at an advance of say 25 per cent, in Liverpool, after freight and uU other expenses are paid. With the proceeds, $125,000 worth of dry goods and hard- ware are purchased in the I3ritish markets for shipment to Canada, and are entered for that amount at the Montreal Customs House. The profit to Canada according to the Trade Tables is $2.".. 000, although it is certain that the importer will add to the invoice price the freight, insurance, commission, etc., besides a percentage on the ag- gregate for further profit. But suppose the Government to step in; it does, to levy a tax of say 10 per cent, upon the imported goods, then the country's profit is reduced from $25,000 to $12,500; or if the rate be 15 per cent, it is reduced to $6,250; or if it be 25 per cent, the country is a loser by this adventure in foreign trade to the ex- tent of $6,250. Now, one of the uses of the Trade Tables published by the Government, i.s to show the operation of our foreign trade — vhat it might be under free trade or a revenue tariff and wliat it is under a high protective tariff. The following table pre- sents a comparison for two periods since Confederation — first, the eleven fiscal years 1868-7S, under a tariff for revenue, and second, the sixteen years 1S79-94 under a tar- iff for protection: Foreign Commerce of Canada for the Eleven Years lb68-78, and tl^e F'fteeo Years 1879-94, irjcludit^g Coin and Bullion. 18«8-78 (11 YEARS REVENUE TARIFF) » Imports $1,062,052,375 Exports 841,623,764 Balance in favor of Canada $ 220,428,611 if no duties were levied Duties paid 132,468,685 Balance in favor of Canada $ 87,959,926 less duties paid m lS7»-«4 (Kl VKAIIS IMtOTKC'MVK TAHIPF) IniportH . . . Kxports *]. 686.063,503 1. 537,044, S13 DuUos'pahl """ "' ''""'"''^ ■» HS.llS.COO if „„ dnllen wo.v lovleO 326,2,'iS,930 lialanco against Canada .... S~T^77,~n~^ , , , * 178,119,210 less duties paid In tho Heoond nor od , , "' ''"''' '"^■""'"' "^ ""«'""- ""f-. -r noo.c5 Of ::o..r ::;;t^:/;;r;:"^r;:"' '"'-' ^'" " ^--'^ -^"--- Tindor a Hovonuo Tariff t„ '' ''"'■"^'"' "' "'«'°'"« """^^^ ever, ,100 of export" "'" ^'^'" "' ^^'^"^'^'^'^'-^ ^"-'^" <-1<^ -as S10.45 on o..ry'i:r:::::::r "^"^ "'^ -^ '- -^ — - --<- traa. ... .u.^ .. ^^^^^ T..e Proto.tivo Tari. i.s proaucin. two disastrous ejects on Canada's foreign under the low tari^ r „ ^ ' r.^f^^, ^^ ^^"^''^ ^^ •^■^^^■«-^^-«^ of exports i-e o„,v n4S.118,Cn0-,n each ;1 h T *l-^^^.«''4-813 under a hi^h tari,. real- each case before the duties are taken off r-rocective Tariff has been $1 78,119,240. These are the lessons of the t'.,..i«. ,-. .. Governnu.„f« Trade Tables. ^""""" '" ^""■'"^'>' ^^ — '^0 by the Uiiiversity oi Alberta Ubtary (>vieil I X I) E X . Iianspd for B, exchnngred UtiOR. $10.15 on «ll.r)S on 's foreign Jflts real- f exports irlfC real- undor the lent was by the Administration, Purl'ty of i' 11. 28. 39. 40, 4!^' 51 Agriculture Implements „. ^ 21, 22 «'="^'^"^« 2G, 27 Baldwin, Robert 3, 4 Blind Shares and Sir Mackenzie Bowell 31 3'> Blake, Hon. Edward ", S on Liberal Platform „ Brown, George 3, 5 Brldjre Scandal, Ourran 33, 34, 3G British Connection 5, 50 " Institutions 60 Bright's, Jolin, adv.ce to the people Bright, John 4 Cartwrlght, Sir Richard _. , 3G Charlton, John . ,^ ^ 43, 50 C P. R., Land Grants to . . . . 42, 43 Caron, Sir A. P. . 2S, 31 Cattle, Canadian, scheduled in British markets .. ,, ,, ,_ 15, 56 Canadian, quarantined in I'nited States .. .>- . . 2 1 , 5 G ICxports to United States » , 2o, 2t> Duty on in United States Committees, Polling Districts . G, 7 Convention, National Liberal . . 8 Corruption , 11, 2S, 35 a Few Examples of . . 2S the Caron Case the McGreevy Conspiracy and the Langevln-Caron Reptile Fund " ' 30! 31 Bowell (Sir Mackenzie) and the Blind Shares 3l' •)" Sale of Public Office— the Cochrane Case ' 1~ Buying up a Member of Parliament— the Turcotte Case 3;., 33 Sales of Land to Speculators the Timber Limits Grab . . 42 Land Grants to Railways . . •^ 42 Contract Section B . . . , OA or Curran Bridge Scandal „„ ' ^ on *[i o^ Cochrane, Edward, Con.servative M.F Caiie— Corrupt Sale of Public Offices Demand Strictest Economy— Decreased Expenditure 11, 14 35 40 59 Debt • . , , - 14 The Public, Increase In . , ». „ 14, 33, 52, 55 Edgar, J. D., M.P . . u-, 00 „ ,,^ 29, 30. 32 Expenditure 14 " Public, Increased Alarmingly Increase of the Controllable oV no .„' r' .i I, 3s, 52, 55 KxtnivaKam... ,^_ ,,,,^ ^._ .,j,_ .^^ ., KiKiulry, KcfuHal ><[ 3^ ^1^ EnlarKfd Markots— Ufclprocity ^0 ,., ^, , FavorUlsm and lOxtravaKimco „,. Freer Truilo— Uediici'd Tnxiitloii j, ,.( Franchise, Oppose Dominion— Favor the I'rovlnclal Franchise 5, u, 44, f,., " iJunilnion Act Objcctlonuble In Kvery Way 44 Dominion Act, lOnornious Cost 45 Dominion Act, Sir John Thompson's Views 45 Gerrymander, Against the— County Boundaries Should Be Prescrve.l ..5, 12, 40. 48, &4 Laurler, Hon. Wilfrid 3 j^, Land for the Settler— Not for the Speculator n, 41, 43^ 50, 51 Liberal Platform ^ Lister, J. F., M.l' 3^ Lists, I'rovlnclal 11, 44, 54 Mackenzie, Alexander 3,5,17,35,30,52,05 William Lyon ^ Macdonald, Sir John, Resolutions 1S77 and 1S7S 14 16 Speech on Redistribution Act of 1S7:.' 47 Mills, Hon. David , , 44 Mulock, Wm., M.l' .„ 50 National Policy, or N. P 13, 14, 15, IG, 17, 19 N. P. — Decreased Farm I'roperty 13 17 Oppressed tlie Masses 18 10 Caused Loss of Population 13 17 " Impeded Commerce 14 15 16 Discriminated Against Britain 14 15 Tax Does Not All Go to Treasury ig A Corrupting Agency 13,28,35.38,51,55 Promises of 1878 13 20 and Trade With Britain j^ and Reciprocity and Tall Chimneys jg " and the Exodus .j What Have the Farmers Benefited? 17 IS' Manufacturers' Profits and Farmers' Profit 18 Taxes Taken by Manufacturers !<) " Where the Revenue Receives No Benefit i-[9 Specific Duties Under 20 21 " l^xtracts from Tariff 21, 23, 58^ 59 Organize and Work g „ Paterson, William, M.P ' aa 44 Patron Platform ,,. 50 Polling District — Committee g „ Population — Tory Promises 13 14 The Census and the Exodus ,,, Platform, Liberal Patron .. 50 Principles of the Liberal Party ._„ „ Purity of Administration — condemn corruption n, 28 30 50 5'' »i 18 , 51, ■,', \U, 40 13, •>{ 33 9, 13 1 44, 54 44 45 45 6 48, 54 3, 50 ;i 50, 51 9 34. 1, 44, 54 c, 52, 55 4 14, 16 47 44 60 G, 17, 10 13, 17 IS, 19 13, 17 4, 15, 16 14, 15 19 8, 51, 55 13, 20 14 16 17 17, 18' 18 19 •19 20, 21 3, 58, 59 6, 7 44 50 C. 7 13. 14 17 » 60 4-6, 8 ), 50, 52 Prohibition riol)IS(;lto . Principles, Policy and I'latfonu, Ijlbcrul 1. 2, Platfiirm, IJbcral 7, 8, !i. Patron Protection, Tariff (see Tariff) 5S, Promises and Perforninncc — National Polh^y, 1878 13- Protection Uudlcally Unsound t», 13-2.i, 28- Reciprocity with the United States Promised by the N. P 13, " Peneflts of 25, Sham NeRotlatlons by Conservatives 25, History of Old Treaty 53, Responsible aovernment — Indepcndenoo of Parliament 11, 39, 28-40, 50, Uallways, T,,and Grants to 42, Revenue Tariff. (See Trade, Freer Trade) 68, Senate, Detective — Amend the Constitution 12, Abolish Trade with Britain with the United States 25,20, Schedules of ._, , 25, 26, "Balance of 13, 14, 58, Trade, Freer 9, 13, Trade Tables nS, Tariff 5, y, 10, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 53, 58, " Britain's Customs Revision (In 1894) " Extracts from Dominion Customs 9, 10, 13, " For Revenue ._. 52, 53, Against Great Britain 9, 10, 13, 14, " Decreased Farm ProRerty 13, " Oppressed the masses 18, 13 13 , 8 57 5i> 5 It •20 •35 10 16 26 26 57 52 43 5 'J 49 52 14 59 53 5!) 59 19 20 21 23 56 15 17 19