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SEASON 1886-7. i THE / An- tfre tri- fet 1^- ISOURIS COUNTRY 3 § s I I Its Monuments, Mounds, Forts and Rivers. -BY- ; GEORGE BRYCE, LL D., , S PROFESSOR IN MANITOBA COLLEGE, AND PRESIDENT OF THE HISTORICAL S ' SOCIETY, WINNIPEG. PAPER READ BEFORE THE SOQET*' ON THE EVENING .OF lOTH NOVEMBER. 1886 I=KIOE IS OBHSTTS. 1 ' winnim:g: S MANITOBA FRBB FRBSS PRINT. ' iuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiifiHiiuiiniiiniHUiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiuii^^^^ ^yfj\ 'A •O n L of I %.. -.^^•".r^v-v^-.-v-^ 'rKTl '■■■...3 '■ I* 1 v9 ft) K .a V Q ■4: tl:.. LP fSkoO' W^'rgy ,noS>^ I .'■•,:■ !>'"<^ THE SOURIS COUNTRY. : f ' Its Monuments, Mounds, Forts and Rivers. The following ii the inangunl leotore of the winter leriei before the Hiitoriotl •nd Soiantifio Soeiety of Menitobe, recently delivered by the president, Rev. Dr. Bryce: — On September 7th, 1886, thewritr^r hftving panned hia joomey by rail aoath* weetwwd through ICsnitobe, and driven some forty miles by wsgon, arrived by the "Boundary OommiMion trail" at the orossing of the river Souris, about two hundred and twenty-ive nules from the oi^ of Winnipeg. Here seen from thi> brink of a vaUey about a mile wide, and at the bottom— one hundred and fifty or two hundred feet below the prairie level — runs the river, akirted at plaoes with its belt of timber. The writer's party de- scended the steep bank, and as the equip- age stood in the midst of the stream — at this season very anuJl and ahallow — a troop of mingled thoughta hurried through their minda. Here totween theae banka paaaed ap, one hundred and forty-four yeara ago, two brave aona of the intrepid Verandrye, calling the Souria river the St. Pierre, in memory alike of Governor Beauhamois, of Quebec, and of their father, the explorer. By this route they reached, after a short portage, the 11 ia- aouri, and firat of white men, north of Mexico, aaw on January lat, 1743, riae before tiieir wondering gase the eaatem alope of the Rooky Bfountaina. Thia river was the pathway of their great dis- covery. A few miles back upon the trail muat have crossed in the year 1797 a parly led by Mr. David Thompson, the astronomer and surveyor of the Northwest Fur Company, from the fort at the mouUi of the Souris to the Man- dan village on the Missouri, and by the same route journeyed also a party carry- ing a meaaage in auc daya over the anew* bound prauiea in December, 1804, from trader Ohaboillez, at the mouth of the Souria to Uie celebrated American expe- dition of Lewia and Olark aa they aaoend- ed the Miaaouri to oroaa the Rooky Moun- taina to the Pacific. And centuriea be- fore, as evidenced by the remains to be described, here dwelt a numerous popu- lation, which fought, and worked, and died, and whose scanty memorials we now have in our possession. IHBCOUBSSOr TBB8OUBI&. The Souris, or Mouse, or St. Pierre river, has a course of some four hundred aoilea, and may be claimed aa a Oanadian river, for though croaaing the boundary line four times, and having a large por- tion of its winding career in the Terri- tory of Dakota, in the United States, yet its aourceia in Wood Mountain on Oan- adian aeil, and ita direction, of eighty or more milea after, for the laat time, oroaa- in j| die boundary line ia northward, to the pomtwhere itemptieaintotheAaainlboine. Along thift winding courae are natural monuraenta, artificial fortifioationa, and monnda, and the mine of fur traden' forta of very great intereat, and they conatitute for the work of our aociety, which I venture to think haa been of aer- vioe, in ita eight yeara' exiatence, in mak- ing known many features of our Northwest, a field with virgin soil. Far up in the course of the Souris at a point about 264 milea weat of Bed River, and aome three and a half milea nerth of the International boundary, ia a most intereating group of rocka atanding out on the pridrie, long known from the moat remarkable of them to the haU-breed- hunten of the phdna as LA BOOHS PBBOBE. Here at the junction of a small tributary — "Shor^' Greek"— with the Souris river may be sem the fantaatic ahapea of worn and weather-eaten gray aandatones, hav- ing the appearance of ruined shrines. The best known— of which we have a photograph taken by the boundary Com- mission — resembles the archway of a Pharaonic temple. These vast rooks ■tending out— a natural Stonehenge— un the open prairie have greatly impreaaed the Indiana, who regard the locality aa aacred to the Manitou. Upon the rooka are engraven thetotema of many of the rednfMrC^^B^ gone aa devotees to 151383 2 thli pndrle ihrine. Hamui flgarai, the hone, the elk, the bufiUo, the itargeon, the teepee, the pelloui, end the etar ere ell to be found ei oommemoimtiTe em- blemi. So greet wei the feme of thii prairie wonder among all Indian tribea ttiat Oapt Palliiee'i expedition in Aogust. 1867, etruok aoathward from Fort Bllioe Bome Mventy or eighty milea aoroas the prairie for the lole purpoie of obeervins the grotesque forme of the "pierced rook. At thii part of the Sourie on ita banks are found the well-known COAL BBm for which for yean in the early settlement ef the province the Soaris was ehiefly known. It is a remarkable thing in any land to find exposed on a river bank seams of coal eighteen feet in thickness. These were fint deecribed by Dr. Georve Dawson though othen had visited Uiem. A reminiscence comes to us in connection with the Sonris ooal beds. In 1874 or thereabonts, when the Bonndai^ Oom- mission had led to the ooal being well- known, a company of Winnipeg gentie- men agreed to enter on poaseesion of the lands on the Soaris. The writer well re- memben offen being made of a share in the enterprise, and tiie land was taken up by a number of gentlemen. It was however on account of the difficulty of de- velopment, ultimately abandoned. It was a few yean later that the present president of the Hudson's Bay railway, with a body of men, actually mined a quantitjr of coal from these beds, and floated It down thO' Souris in the spring in a barge, but found it of far inferior qual- ity to what we now obtain from the Gait and Saskatchewan minee. doming down the valley of the Souris to a point some 226 miles west of the Bed Kiver, three or four miles from the Sonris river and about three north of the bounda ry i seen the aUX OF TH> MTTBDaRBD 80001. The prairie here is very level. At this point is what seems an old river bed similar to what is known farther to the east as the "Blind Soaris" begins the "Riviere dee Laos," forming a long and very lingular lake. The legend of the "Hill of the murdered Scout" is that in the year 1830 tibe Asainiboinee or Ston«y bidiana were at war with the Sieux. An Asslniboine bravo cautiously climbed the hUl or butte to eepy the Sioux encamp- ment on the other side when he came upon a Sioux warrior lying asleep in his buffiklo robe on the summit of the batte. To seiae a granite boulder and kill the eleeping enemy was the work ai an iii- stent, and in memory of his triumph the victor dug in the gravelly soil the figure of a man stretched at full length upon the ground, and also hollowea out the marks of his own footprints. Lyiiw in the hollow representing the vanquiahed eneray'a head ao late aa 1873 waa atill t« be Been a red granite atone aome eight inchealong, with which thia mush vaunt- ed deed of Indian daring had been ac- compliiriied. No aacrilegious hand would remove that atone from ita place aa a memorial. The Souria river> takes ita rise and reo3ivea a number of ita tribut- aries from the aouth from a moat remark- able chain of elevationa on the weatera prairiae known as the lOBSOUIU OOTIAU. This continued aingular phyaioal fea> tureofthe weatem prairie runa from nerthweat to aoatheaat, and ia from two to three hundred feet high. At the boun- dary line it ia forty-five milee wide, though it aeema to mark the eacarpment of a weatem table-land. Wood Moun- tain, which riaea to 3,800 feet above the aea level, ia about twenty miles north of the boundary line, and is but a higher elevation of the Missouri coteau. There is in general no rook on thia remarkable elevauon. It is a mass of drift perhapa marking the margin of some ancient in- land sea or lake. The coteau is covered with pointed hillocks, and towards its western side runs into what the French half -breeds call the **MauvaiBee terree," or bad lands, which, with their rough and endless succession of dry and treeless hills, ridges, and desert features, an American writer luiB deecribed as "a tu- multuous expanse of baked mud." Yet from this irregular mass of confused ter- rain streama as tributaries ran northward into the Souris, and south into the Mia- sourL For many miles jparallel to this great coteau, the Souria nver punuee its course throt^ih Dakota. It is on the sum- mit ef tUs coteau, to the south of where the Souris leaves it, that another monu- ment atill more famoua in the hiatory of tibeweatandof the Indian nationa, is found, the Thia is the very centre of Indian poetry and romanoe. Here ia found aeemlngly the only depoait known of red pipeatone, of which almoat every Ameri- can tribe haa examplea, and of which I preaent you thia even- ing two apeoimena from the mounda on the Souris. The writer has found a gray pipeatone— a apeoiee of steatite on an iawnd in Uie Lake of the Woods— from whioh the Indltiui of tlut Mtfion nuke pipes, bat it ie eroand the red pipMtone tnat IndUn tradition geth- en. The fint white man to Tiait the red pipeetone quarry on the Miaaonri Ooteaa, or "Ooteau dee pndriea," waa the Indian traveller Oatlin in 1836. The apeciniena brought by him were analysed, and the new mineral "not steatite, har- der than gypsum, and softer thui car- bonate of Ume," a red arsillite, similar to that seen forming near Nipifon on the O.P.R. line is oalled in scienoe Oatlinite, in honor of the traveller. On the tep of the Ooteau of the quarry there is a per- pendieular wall of quarts beda^light gray or in some oasoa of flesh color — twenty-five or thirty feet in elevation and running for nearly two miles from north to iouth, the surface both of the perpen- dicular aide, and tor acres on the top be- ing highly polished and glased as if by ignition. At the base of this wall for bdf a mile in width is a level prairie. Near the wall and on the flat lower sur- face are five enormous boulders of eneiss rook, leaning together and covered over with gray moss, the smallest twelve or fifteen feet in diameter. Under these two holes or ovens are seen. One rock, a portion of the wall, is split off to a dis- tance of some eight feet and is oalled the "leaping rook." Being perfectly polished it is a feat of great duing on the part of the young bravea to have gained a foot- ing on it, and many lives hsve been lost in the attempt The face of the wall is eoverod by tot- ems and emblems hundreds in number, of those who have visited the sacred spot. ' It is by digging four or five feet through the sell and loose slaty layers of the prairie surface that the celebrated red pipestone is reached. Here then for ages have been all the elements to make a most holy shrine for the superstitious redmen. For centuries this spot was neutral ground. Here all the Indians met, and before entering in the quarry buried their weapans of war. Amid the terrible cruelties of Indian warfare here was at least one place of sanctuary. The legend of the Biouz, who live nearest the spot is: Bfuiy ages ago the Qreat Spirit invited the tribes to meet him at the "Red pipe.** He stood on the top of the rooks, and the people were asaembled before him; he took out of the rooks a piece of tiie red stone, and made a larse pipe; he smoked it over them all; told them it was part of their flesh; that though they were at war they must meet at this place as friends; that the stone belonged to tkem all; that they must make calumets from it and smoke them to him; the Spirit then disappeared in the cloud; at the last whiff of hu pipe a blase of fire rolled over the rocks and melted ed their surface; and two Indian wom^n were carried under the "medicine rooks" where they still remain and must be pro- pitiated by those who wish to ti^e any of the pipestone away." Longfellow in the opening canto of Hiawatha has closely followed Oatlin'fl account of the tra- ditions: "Down the riven, 'oer the prairies. Game the warriors of the nations. Came the Delawarea and Mohawka. Came the Ohootaws and Oomanches, Game the Bhnhoniea and Blaokf eet. "Came the Pawneea and Omawhaws," "Came the Mandanv and Oacotahs. Came the Unrons and Odibwaya. All the warriors drawn together By the signal of the f eaoe-plpe. To the monntalns of the praurie. To the great RedPlpaetone Quarry." Following now '^he Seuris in its last crossing over the International boundary the point is reached where, coming from the east, the exploring party in Septemb- er last arrived, ten miles north of the line. Here is met THB BEOIOy OF THS ANTLBBS in township 2,range 27 west. Twostreams, North and South Antler creeks, running from the west, winding through deep val- leys, empty a littie more than two miles .•part into the Souria river. The Sioux name for these is He-ka-pa-wa-kpa, or translated, the "Headend Horns Oreek," and certainly the two streamr widening apart as they are ascended, have some- thing of the appearance of the antlers of a deer. Here u one of the moat beauti- ful spots in Man:tob«. The space be- tween the streams >s now dosely settied by a thrifty and most intelligent class of Oanadian farmers. The settier, the school, and the missionary have here re- placed the buffalo of but a few years ago, and the new settiers have, as we shall see, undoubtedly succeeded a consider- able population, whioh many a year ago faded away. Quarded on "three sides by the deep valleys of the Souris and its two tributanes, there can be littie doubt that here was a prairie stronghold in the days of aboriginal wars. This leads us to no- tice first a group ef BBMABKABLE BABTHWOBKS which would seem to have served as fort- ifications on the south side of the South Antier. There have been found on the trib- utaries of the Missouri lines of earthworks thrown up, oitrthen redoubts, and mounds in connection with them evident- ly as look out stations. Lewis and Olark in th^ "travels to the souroeof the Mis* ■oori" b 1804 oive tu • owefuUv traoed diuimm of raon works on the BliMouri, •nd they etate Uut the French interpre- ter! Msured them thftt there ere great numbere of theae fortreaaei even m far north M the Jaoqaei rirer, whoee head waten reach Well ap towardi the Soturia. In Motion IB on the Bonth Antler are four earthworks running from north to louth reneotively 185, 100, 150, and 75 yardi in length and arranged in a sort of eohellon. Theie are each from five to tea yarda wide. Home three or four feet high and have muoh the appearance of a nulway grade on the prairie. A large amount of labor muit have been required to throw them up. On the next Motion however— Motion 10— ia by far the moat remarkable fortiftcatien, and very much rcMmbling that figured by Lewiaand Clark. Aoroia a bend of the river (ia a large and wide embankment 200 yarda long, running from north to aouth. At each end of thia ia a oonaiderable mound. From the aouthern extremity ef thia at a di«tanoe of ten yarda runa another bank of about the aame dimenaiona but 150 yarda long, at right anglea to the former, and flanked like the ether at both enda by mounds. The earthworka are all on the open prairie and arreat the attention of the moat unobservant. It will be no- tioed that thea»fortifioationa are, ao far aa observed on the aouth aide of the South Antler, juat in the direcUon from which an enemy would have come and by the route of attack he would moat likely have chown. The mounds found, whatever other purpoM thay may have served, were plainly for obMrvation. It has been suggested that thoM earthworks may have been used for impounding the buf • falo, when at times the herd was driven in by riders, and thus many slaughtered, but the arrangement of the embankments does net suggest this object. The distnot about the Antlers has how« ever long been celebrated aa a OESAI MOUHO HIOION. It ia interesting to know that Prof. Hind in 1858, on a point between a atream and the Souria river, near the 49th parallel "found a number of conical mounda and the remaina ef an intrenohment." Aa excavation waa made in one of the mounda, but the explorer found nothing. The mounda and embankmenta which have been new described, are thoM ex- amined bv Hind. He even calla what we now know aa the South Antler, by the name **^in^*" nif«ir." believing the mounda to have been former Ifan- dan dwellingB. TOJa, tod eggt, w^ fee on^XM rivw ll-StU the Nnrthwaat. The te expedition, however, within an area offourmilea square in the townships named, surveyed no less than twenty- one mounds, and from accounts of other explorers the mounds cootmue westward M the ascent of the Antlers is made. The mounds >aiy from twenty (Mt in.diame* ter to flf^ or sixty, and lure at the high- eat point from four to Mven feet high, being almost all flattened cones. They are very muoh less in sise than the mounds ovened two years ago on Rainy River, which lie three or four hundred miles to the CMt of thcM. The party opened four mounds, and thanks are especially due f or aMistance rendered, to Messrs. Gould, BUiott and Sheriff, of Bourisford, while Dr. Thornton and Mr. Shepherd, of Deloraine, and Mr. Cooper, of Brandon, entered with muoh enthusi- asm into the explorations. The Mttlers had previously opened two mounds about May, and had been rewarded by finding Mveral very interesting articles. THB IXOAVATIONB. The theory of the writer that the mounds, so far as discovered in the North- west, have all been for obMrvation, as well M in some cases for other purposes, was borne out by the score examined. They are situated on headlands or points commandina a view of the val- ley. This WM further supported by the fact that the two mounda first opened yielded no reward of bone, im- plement, or trinket. They wore simply heaps of earth, in one cmo gravelly, gathered up from the surrounding area, and if they had ever been used for sepul- ture every trace of such had disappeared. Now, as articles of stone or metal were usually buried with the dead the conclu- sion seems pretty certain that thcM mounds were "observation mounds" and nothing more. A BIOH MOUND. After meeting with the settlers at a most enjoyable picnic, the party hastened away to a headland on the north side of the North Antler, where a promisins looking mound remained untouched. After three or four hours' hard work the "find" was gathered up and proved to be most interesting. Almost all the arti- cles found were In company with a skeleton which was nearly entue. The skull preMnted no distinctive features, being rather of the dolicho-oephalic type. On account of the oonsideiable remams already in the poss e s s ion of the aodety, the skeleton was not brought away, but I --«*.=. *.,."S^^'?^1 I oommUtod to lii rMting plaM Main. Aa the ■knll WM niiad up tnare (all (fom Iha (orahaad threa flattauad piaoaaof ooppar, aaeh abaat 2| inohaa loag by 1 inoo in width, whioh aaam to hava baan afrontlat faatanad on tha brow. A aimilar aat of ooppar piaoaa waa (oand on •nothar akull in anotnar mound opanad bj tha iattlara. Tha ooppar, aa wa aaa t^ rabjaeting it to tha mioroaoopa, ia nativa ooppar limplr baatan out, and TB* USt ol artieiar obtiBnad fwmthe Bouria monnda and now praaantad to you ia givan harawith, aa tima (orbida a min* nta daaoriptian of tha lavaral artiolaa: Matal — Thraa piao^ ooppar frontlata. Pottary — Two pottary oupa; ona rirtu* ally oomplata, tha othar witn a amall por* tion brokan. Organio remaina — Hollow bona of bird, nina mohaa long, cut for whiatla,and dia- oolorad graan by oopper. Two poliahed bonaa, probably craokera. Two flat bona implamanta with holes, aaeminsly for aoma tanning preoaaa. String of bona baada, nina in numbar, two markad. Bona oonjuror'a tuba, with markinga. Bnukll bona implamant with markinga — purpoaa unknown. Fragment of baoulite, and apaoiman of Inooeramua, now mudi waathered, but no doubt buried aa of value for Uiair brilliant nacreoua cover- ing. Several wampum baada. Breaat ornament with perfomtiona, evidently portion of laige aea ahell. Pieoeaof birohbark baakat well preaerved witb regular piaroinga of aewing. Numeroua piaoaa of ohMOoal, with evidenoe in mound of burning have taken jplaoe. Btane— Two pipea from tha Red pipe* atone quarrr. Three round atonea aaem- ingly used for game. Two atone ham- mara. DAT! or THX MOUHDS. The Manitoba Hiatorical Sooiely haa now obtained the raault af mound open- ing inveatimtiona within ita territory from three distinct regions. 1. Rainy River; 2- Red River; 3. Souris, hundreds of miles apart. Some twenty mounds have been pretty fully opened. The following reaults seem more or leas firmly established: — 1. That the lands are found in fertile regions, and from which it would seem their buiidera were agriculturists. 2. Tha present raoea of Indians inolndin this area tha Ojibwaya, Oraea, and Sioux, maintain that they were net built bv their anoaatora. 3. A persistent tradi* tion of small'poz ia oannaotad with tha mounds both on tha Red and Rainy rivara, and there is a fear on tha part of tha Indiana to have them opened. 4. On tha Red and Souris rivara a tradition that they were buUt by the Mandans, or aa they are inoorrootly called the "Man- drilla," prevails. 5. Noartioleaof Bur* opaan manufacture have been found in any of thaaa Northwestern mounds. 6. Sea sheila have be«n found in the mounda of the three regions; stone and bone im- plements in tnem all; pottary in them all. Ooppar haa been found in the Rainy river and Souria mounds, but not in those of Red river. 7. Evidences of fire, aa of charcoal, burnt bonaa, etc., have been found ill all. FBOBABU THIORY. Thetheory advanced by the writer in 1882 b hia work on ''Manitoba" is re- ceiving in its main featurea confirmation from later diacoveriea. Tho orobabilities are in favor of the mound buuders of this region having been other than anoaatora of our Indiana. The connection aeema almost certain with the Mandans, er "white bearded Sioux," of the Missouri river, who have nearly diaappeared, but who whan viaitad by Oatlin fifty veara ago were an agricultural, pottery-making, aarth'dwalling tribe, among whom were many before the advent of the white man **whoae skins were almost white," whom their earlieat visitors declare were **a strange people, and half white," with many **from infancy to manhood and oU age, with hair of a bright silvexy gray." Tneae Mandana, or. aa our half-breeds call them, "Mandrills," regarded them- selves aa not an ancient people in their present location on the Miaaouri. Since Oatlin visited them they have nearly all been carried awajy by amall-pox. It doea not seem unlikely that they have been the disappearing remnant of a race which faded awajr aa did the Hoohel^Kana in Montreal before the time of Ohamplain. It ia worthy of ramark, at any rate, that in our Northweatem mounda we have found among the oopper, shell, bona and stone implements and omamenta nothW of European manufacture, whioh would almoat certainly have been the caae had the burials taken place within tiie last two hundred yean, since whioh time the Indians from this region have been in the habit of going down to meet the traders at Hudson's Bay. And yet it would seem from their not building mounds, but having aome of the other charaotera of the mound bnUdera, that the Mandans are but connected witii that race whioh must be looked upon aa •zUnoi The writer ia infonMd bf BIr WilliMD DawMD thai mi ladiM not tut- Iher louth hmf • Indition Ihal they in- tarawrriad wikh tiM ntinob mouod Mild* •n, and that thair langaana, whioh k oompoaita, U now balng auoiinad to aHinlnata tha moand biuldara' atamant and thus wa may parhapa hopa for ■oma- thing ai to thia atranga raaa fiom a philologioal diraotion. THa aouEU roKTi. Tha ooontn along tha Bauria waa wall known in aarfj far-trading yaara for lla laiga harda of buflUo. It iabdiaTad thara waa a Franoh Fort at tha moath of tha Souria, on ita antianoa into tha Aa- ainiboina, for thongh thara ia not yet known an hiatorio raoord of It, it ia da- olarad that in tha tima of Vamndrya thia riyar waa 'Miia aantra of tha aatabliah* manta." Wa laam that bafora 1754 thara waa a Franoh priaat at thia point, that ha had liTad thwa aavaral yaaraaaamia' aionary, and that ha had taught tha In diana aoma abort prayara in tna Franoh huigoaga, tha whola of whiah they had not forgotten aa ▼ouohad for by a far- trader in 1804. At the beginning of thia oontary tha importanoa aa a trading point of tha month of the Sonria river may be aeen by the faot that there were here three forte, repraaenting three rival far trading movamenta, the moet oonaideraUa baiug Bnmdon Hoaae, be- longina to the Hodaon'a Bay Ckunpany, Aaduaiboine Honae, of the Iforthweat Far Company of Montreal, and Fort a la Scoria, the port of the X. T. or New Northweat Company, whioh broke off from the Northweat Compaq in 1796, bat re-onited with it in 1804. BBANDOir KOVn. Thia, in ita day, important poet waa founded by the Hadaon'a Bay Company in 1794. In tha year 1883 the writer riaited the aita of it, overlooking the Aa- ainiboine, traoed ita outline diatinetly on the graaay bank, and maaaared the aiie of the former enoloaore and of the baildinga whioh it had oentainad. It ia on the property of alMttler, BIr. George Moir, formerly of Beaahamoia, Quebec (8. W. 19, T. 8, B. 16 W.). ia about three milee from the mouth of the Sonria, and about thirteMi milee down tha Aaainiboine from the city of Brandon. The outline of the ateokade waa followed, and found to be 155 feet on tha north, and 124 feet on the eaat aide, whioh faced the river. The gate apace— 10 feet wide— had be- aide it the ontline of a watch tower and the inner apace diewed remaina of aiz houMa, th6 krgaat baing 64 feet by 16 feet. Tha poaitlon mm an asoillaBt otM. being on a aort of river point, and flanked toward tha eaat by a eonaldaeabla ravine. Brandon Houae waa tha paint from whioh to Hadaon'a Bay aad return could be made by tha Tmrk ooata in one aeaaon, and waa hanea a eanaider- able depot. It waa during tha year 1816 under the charge of a Hadaon'a Bav Company oiBcar, Peter Fidlar, who had been in charge ef Cumberland Houae in 1806, waa uaeful in bringing in tha Bal- klTk oolonv, who made the Iral aurvey of Red river lote, and whoee library formed tha baaia of tha old Red river Ubmry,tha pre d aeeaaor of oar provincial library. Brandon Houae, waa aaiaed by tha Nor- weatera in 1816, and woold aaam ahortly after to have been abandoned, for it la not mentioned aa a fort in tha anion of tha rival fur companiea in 18S1. AaaiinBoxiii Hoim. The oldaat of tha three faria would aaem to have been Aaainiboine Houae, or aa it waa often called ** Stone Indian River Houae." About two milaa to the weet of the month of the Souria, on th* north aide of the Aaainiboine, may atill be aeen a gap in the wooda, where are the mma of thia fort It waa ao early aa 1797, a central trading depot from whidi tradara received atorea, and went even aa f ar aonth aa the Miaaouri. The aatrono- merj Thompaon, atartad from thia fort on hie journey to Uie Mandana in tha year named. Aaainiboine Houae waa al thia time under a Norweater tnider, named John McDonelL In 1804 the tlidar, Harmon, viaited Aariniboine ftnnae He hid, en hia way from the weak, atop- ped at a Norweeter Fort, which baoalled Montaeue a la Baia about 60 milee weat of Sonria mouth. Thia, which woold in Bngliah. mean "Sand Bahk Hill," aeemato nave been northweat of Oak Lake, and M ia probably in a aorrupted form the ••Boaa HiU" of Oapt FtaUaar. Aaainiboine Houae waa in ohai|e, at the time, of Mr. Charlea Chaboillaa, aad tha trader atatea that the people from the other two forta ware in May of that year invited to a vary boiatarooa entertain* ment in Aaainiboine Hooae. In thia year the Nor'weat and X-T. Companiea united, and Aaainiboine Houae woold aaem to have been combined with it, and the headqoartera of the onited company at thia point to have become rOKCLk 80VBI8. Acroaa the ravine from Brandon Hooae, and on tha adjoining qoarter aection, are yet to be aeen the roina of what we take ta have bean Fwl la Sonria. The aita la and wool by6( area waal trool and^ John kirk' ooaf Itwi dred 80 oi Nor' done fortl waa I waat gfown •▼tr with g>wt wmiIs and anderbniikt bol lh« ilookadi* wonM Mtm to 1uit« bMO aboot 160 ImI bj 66 fMt. Foar otlUun uid • ohimiMy are ■till tnoMblc en the lit*. Thii fort WM tho rival of Brandon Hoom in tho tronblM botwaon the oompaniaa in 1816 and waa In 1814 ondar th* ehana of Mr. John Pritohard, afterwarda Lord Sal- kirk'aaaant, and the fathar of a namar- 008 famUjr among our Red Rifar lettlen. It waa from thia looality that four hnn* dred baga of pemloan, eaoh weighing 80 or 90 ponnda, ware aeiied from the Nor'-Weaten bf Qo?em*r MileaMao- donell'a orden, to be paid for, however, tor the nae of the Selkirk ooleny; and it waa to thia Fort La Sooria that the loot waa taken in 1816, when Brandon Home waa aeiaed bj th* Nor'- Weaten and Peter Vidler oompalled to leave it. For)y-flve nilaa fmm th* month of theSonria, ■aendngly near lt« Jnnetiea with Flam Greek waa altoated at the beginning of thia oentary a fort named Aah Hooae. Of thia we know little, but in lubaequent ^ra the Hodaon'a B%j Company mdn< ad a winter port aomewhere in Uiia looality. odroiUBioii. Thua eloaea our akatoh of the Bonria River reffion, whioh in early mound building timea waa plainly well peopled, whoae natural monumenta are of conti- nental reputation, whoae mounda and in- trenohmentr ..Jl repay atudy,and around whoae forta fiur more adventure and trade centred up to Lord Selkirk'a time than in the forta of RedRivwr.