IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■4^5 1^ 12.2 2.0 I Lil i|U 116 Hiotographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques t The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographtcally unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D D D n D D n Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/ou pellicul^e I ! Cover title missing/ D Le titre de couverture monque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiquas on couleur Coloured ink .*! .'■iii^.J^l.i ^ A KEVIEW vs. 1 •■/ ^■>.- -f-' ''W. ^fM*-," *;*■ ^ 'r .«-aj(j,7 , ..^ — k_ ,, . ■"^ ■■..V r OMMERCE OF DETROIT I,* < "■iiii'Xt'^'^'yi til, {• FOR r . .-0, ^ * f» « T ^. ff W ,.,S' '.^: t. 1861 i t t A-JH- Atftmwal Sfcrfcmeftf o/* flb« gMHrtfit Tribune* K-ii'ii'^-^J'i.; 3 r > * r ;i ■•;• i;' ■w J: ■ .y :y/ ■ . ■ * ; 1 f;. DETROIT: H. BARNS & CO., PRINTERS, Nos. 62 and 54 Shelby Street. 1862. V4: \i* . ^3' ^' 1 1ST T KO 3D XJ O T O rt Y Wb herewith present to the business publio a pamphlet edition] the Daily Tribune's Annual Statement of the Trade and Comraerci Detroit for 1861. Mindful of the ftict that the exports of .1 community are a key tc[ wealth and prosperity, we have now for four successive years, at the of immonse labor, compiled a full statement of them from the books of I shippers. At the same time a vague and imperfect exhibit might have l)| presented with only a few hours' labor from the books of oiir Custi House, the method pursued by our cotomporaries. But, to mitul, such an imperfect showing is unworthy the important commerJ ch:tracter of the leading products of Michigan, or of the manufactures! Detroit, which, although foiling far short of what they should be, nevertheless of decided importance and are steadily increasing. If elforts meet the approval of the commercial public, we shall feel abundanj repaid. As we have done in the past, so it shall be our aim to do in the futiii and to the end that reliable statistics may be presented respecting resources, we invoke the continued good offices of our friends and the pubjj in placing data within our reach. ; Not the slightest attempt has been made to exaggerate in any respe iWhere it h&s been necessary to employ estimates to indicate the aggrega| amount of any particular branch of business, they will be found 8tricti| witliin bounds. t^^Tarticular attention is invited to the Cards of a few of our leadinj Mercantile and Manufacturing houses, at the end of this report. ANNUAL KE VIEW. -i^^*- We herewith present onr aonaal report re- lating to the trade, commerce and mannfac- tnres of the city of Detroit. The flgnreswill snggesttheir own commen- tary npon the rapid development of Michigan, and the importance of onr city as a commer- cial emporium, and only a few words will he necessary by way of general allnsion. The year 1860 was justly regarded as a great improvement npon its predecessor in the production of leading staples, the increase in our grain receipts being nearly one hun- dred per cent. This year, however, they equal, within the merest fraction, the receipts of both years combined. The three years' aggregate receipts of grain, including flour reducei^ to bnsholg, compare as follows, thoec by teanrjs iaclodf d : Total bushels, 1859 " " IS-W - 1861 4.177.P56 6.441,639 10,614,286 It is an astoniBhing fact that the receipts of flour and grain by lake and rail in 1859 were very nearly eqaaled by tlie reci ipts by the same channels this year in Septpnibfjr and October alone ! Ti-e following are the flgnres : Piour, bbis • Wheat, bu. - Corn, bu • Oats, bu Rye, bu • Barley, bu Total 1859. - 61P,4/6 75«,037 - 893,336 73,6 -a 7000 63.476 Sept, and Oi*t 1861, 461464 1,435 69J 213 411 108,106 7,100 22 313 8,813,715 Total,flour reduce! 4,077,663 By including November we find that the receipts of the three months exceed those of the twelve months of 1859 by about 25 per cent I The year 1861 deserves to be characterized and remembered as a year of commercial and flRancial miracles. Twelve months ago we were menaced on one hand with the max- im that cotton was king, while on the other the money lords of Europe contemptuously flaunted the insignia of a still more formida- ble sovereignty, reminding us that we were powerless unless they chose to dole out the sinews of war. The result has been as grat- ifying as it was unexpected. We have been favored with immense crops, and, as if provi- dentially, for the first time in several years, there has beon an active foreign demand, and we have thus been feeding the world, and carrying on a war at the same time, while King Cotton has become a pauper. At the same time our own capitalists have signalized their faith in the justness of our cause by taking the entire Government loan, by which the problem of our financial independence is solved. The present condition of Michigan, all things considered, ia singularly gratifying. Oar mining int«)re8ts have been depressed nearly the entire year, while scarce a gleam of ^ope has cheered our lumbermen, and the fishing interest has relatively suffered in a still greater degree. Added to all th?8e causes of depression, our wool has been sold about half price, yet our State today enjoys a higher degree of material prosperity than she has known for six years. What, then, would she now be if all or nearly all of her great interests were pTsperousI The ques- tion is certainly suggestive. Onr review of the manufactures of the citv is mainly confined this year to new es- tablishments, which are of a character that speaks wei for the progress of Detroit. ■< Retro«p«ot of th« Weathar for th« Y«ar 1861. The planet on which we live has accom- plished another revelation around the great central fire, the secon«l sonrce of life, linrht, and motion to the Universe. This annual motion, m well as the diurnal rotation of the earth, continues with the utmost exactness from year to year, and from age to age, but the seasons produced by it are exceedingly varied in their character, from causes which are but very imperfectly nr.derstood. The meteorology of 1861 has not been so remarkable sa that of many others in the United States ; no extraordinary, desolating hurricanes, drought, or excessive rains, ex- cepting a recent one on the Pacific co/ist.have been recorded, as in past years ; the whole continent has : produced abundant crops of every kind, and an unusually healthy atmos- phere has pervaded the whole land. The day of greatest cold was the 8th of February, when the thermometer sunk to 10 ® below zero at 7 A. M. ; that of the most intense heat, th« 7th of August, when it reached 98 ® , at two P. M., in the shade: Reducing tho snow to water, 42^ inches of rain fell during the year in this city, being 8 inches in excess of thn fall in 1860, but still less than the annual average, on this part of the continent. The autumnal months were unusually wet, and the abtsence of frost, till a lato period, was remarkable. The weather continued mild throughout December, and the year closed with a dry, spring-like atmosphere. HsiL Sonroaof Beiog. Uoiveisal Lord Of Heaven and sartta ; EuentlHl Preseneeha 1 ; To Thee we bend the knee ; to Thee our thoaghto Contlnnal climb, who with a maater hand. Uast this great whole into PerfeciiouwtcuRht." MlcklKan as a Home for Emigrants* The inducements which Michigan offeni to the emigrant are numerous. Her climate is comparatively mild, and her soil exceedingly fertile. A vast portion of the State is still covered with the primeval forest, which only awaits the strong arm of the chopper to un- oover a soil which yields a long succession of crops without manure. The vast resources of this Slate are only just now becoming known to the world. A few years ago her mineral products were *indi8covered — her coal, gypsum, copper and iron lay in their strata, undisturbed by the hand of the miner. Her salt springs were not economized, and even her agricultural products were not cal- culated to attract attention. A change has come o'er the spirit of the time. The woods are falling beneath the axe of the settler. — The snorting of the iron horse is heard where, a few years ago, the silence of the forest was unbroken by a sound. The farmer, with the power of a magician, has caused the wilder- ness '* to rejoice and blossom as the rose " — the miner has desct nded into the bowels of the earth and dug up some of the richest ores which the world has ever seen, and in some places mining skill was not required, for the ore lay on the surface — the merchant has built palatial residences were, a few years ago, the tents of the Ohippewas or Pot* tawaitomies held nudispHted possession of the ground. The farmers of Michigan have easy access to the best markets in America or Europe.sb that the produce of their land at all times meets a ready sale. Hundreds, we might say thousands of miles of rail and plankroads diverge from Detroit and penetrate into the richest districts of the State, and the vast chain of lakes and rivers which nearly sur- round it, afford extraordinary advantages of navigation. The fisheries of themselves are in themselves unfailing sources of wealth,and the lumber which is cleared away by the set- tler, brings millions of doUam into the pook« ets of the dealers in this indispensable article. The horses, cattle and sheep of the State are beginning to attract attention in otther distant markets, and, if we are to judge by the im- provem(>nt which has taken place in the do- mestic animals within the last ten years, in five years more the stock of the State will be among the very best on this continent. As a fruit-growing State, Michigan cannot be sur- passed. Great progress has bean made in horticulture within Uie last few years, some of the best varieties of garden and orchard frtdts have been introduced; the exports from this delightful branch of rural economy are becoming large, and ihere can scarcely be a a doubt but the profits derived from the growing of fruit will be very large in a few yeats. The soil of Michigan is exco "'^gly fertile, yielding almost every kind of cultivated crop in the richest profusion. The wheat of this State is highly prized in the English and French m&rkets, and when our farmers pay a little more attention to the selection of the very best varieties of seed, and to the clean- ing of the grain for markf>t, the wheat of the Peninsluar State will not be surpassed on this continent. Maize ripens perfectly and pro- duces an abundant yield in ^very part of the ow er Peninsula, and when we consider that not only the grain of this plant, but also the cob, leaves and stems are useful for the feed- ing of stock, Ibe benefit to be deiived for this crop will at ance become evident. Pota- tooH thrive so well in our soil that a large quantity are annually exported to States which are not favored with a soil so rich as ours, and in which drought takes more effect. As a fruit growing State Michigan is an- perior to many WeHiern States. Apples, pears, plams, qaiDces, peaches, grapos, apri* cetsj &o., reward tho labors of the hortical- tnrist, BDd attain a size and flavor which cannot be equaled n other places, These facts have already uttracted attention from frnit growers in every part of the Union. A con- siderable portion of soil, well salted for orchards and gardens, ia still covered with the natural forest, which has tonly to be cleared away by the settler to unfold a soil so rich as to produce crops for several years withont the aid of manare, and almost every part of the State is now within reach of an excellent market, the river and lakes, railroads and plank roads affordiog facilities for the trans- portation of agricaitural and horticaltoral products to the best market in the world. When the numerous advantages which Michigan possesses, are considered, it seems strange that a large portion of her lands are still unoccupied and await the sturdy arms of the foreign emigrant to develope their rich resources. This is not to 4)e wondered at. From nn early dato the land speculators of other States found it to acswer their pur- pose of aggrandizement to represent Michi- gan as a howling wilderness, her climate as insalubrious,and her soil a dismal swamp un- suited to agriculture. These delusions are being dispelled rapidly. The robust health of her rural population, and the unsurpassed richness of her soil are now attracting atten- tion and inducing farmers and mechanics from neighboring States to come in and occupy the land. The construction of the <}rand Trunk and Great Western Railways have afforded facilities for foreign emigrants to reach Michigan, and the fertility of the soil being known, it ia probable that the population will increase rapidly. Emigrants will flad Michigan suited to almost every kind of pursuit or culture. The farmer will find the soil of this State suited to the production of almost every cultivated crop, and the workers in wood or iron will find ample stores of material. The horticul- turist can follow his favorite pursuit with success, the climate and soil being admira- bly suited for the growth of the choicest fruit and vegetables. The vast quantities of fish in the lakes and rivers which nearly sur- round the State, have alreadyeattracted fish- ermen from tho coasts of Holland and Franco, and there is scarcely a danger that the finny tribe will be exhausted, or the occupation of the fisherman unprofitable. — The mineral products of Michigan are in themselves of sufficient magnitude to attract large numbers uf the working population from the mining districts of Europe, and they have been coming annually for several yean. The civil war in America has partially dbi> couraged European emigration to the United States, as it was represented that law and or- der were fast giving place to anarchy and confusion in this once happy and united laud. It would be well to make the real condition of the Northern States knowu in every part of Europe, that perbons anxious to better their cordition may be Informed thai, there never was a better time for emigrants to reach this country than the present. The war, with all its attendant horrors is closely confined within the rebellious States, and tuU the free States are prospering. In Michigan the industrious emigrant will be sure of em- ployment if he has sufflcient capital to es- tablish himself on some of the rich lands which lie in every part of the State. The large number of mechanics and workmen of every kind who have enlisted in the Fed- eral army have made labor scarce and dear, and left vacancies to be filled by foreign emi-^ gration. Monetary h The money market has been considerably convulsed by the political troubles of tho past year, with a general tendency to strin- gency, varied, however bv a number of ex- traordinary features that have become deveb oped during the exciting events of the year. Never before have the financial prospects of any State or county merged in one season from a condition of such deep gloom to ono so healthy and prosperous, our present con- dition being, in a financial sense, entirely sat- isfactory. The loss in ordinary business has beed made up by business growing immedi- ately out of the colossal operations of the Qovernment for crushing the rebellion, which is true all over the country. The collections on account of Eastern parties have not been as frequent or heavy as last year, which in fact hiiiges upon really the most significant general feature of the times, indicating, as it does, an increased amount of business done for cash. The chief characteristic is cash or short time, and as to liquidations, they have been remarkably good. Since the heavy out* lays of Qovernment and the foreign shipments of breadstuffs have co umenced, money has been easier than at any period within the past six years, notwithstanding a few lingering ev- idences of a want of confidence in the future ; and the financial condition of Michigan is pronounced by those most capable of form- ing an opinion, better thau at any previous period since the organ'zation of the State. A vast addition has been made to eur volume of currency, and business has steadily and rap- idly increased on a healthy basis. Not (Mily our city merchants, but those in the country, both on the railroads and places remote ttom. them, are driving a prosperous trade, and thft wloter bneiDesB has opened with extraordi- narily flattering pro9pecta, especially in the oonntry, owing to the general prosperity irhioh baa crowned the labors of tbe pro- dnoerfl — tbe real soorce of all wealth. w|Tbe flnanoial system of Micbisan revolves In comparatively a oiroumscribed orbit,bnt tbe movements are steady, and witb onr good credit and eeneral freedom fiomdebt, we are in a measure exempt from tbe more dis- aatrons effects of the panics tbat periodically convulse tbe country. Tbe worst featare so f»x as we are concerned consists in tbe de* Iffession tbat is occasioned io tbe market for onr immense and diversified products, hi which an immense capital is represented. Tbe panic in Western monev, with which {he year was ushered in, may be taken as an exception to tbe above general rule. Oon- ■titutlng almost our entire oirculaticn, the ef- fects could not have been worse if tbe bisti- tntions had been brought into existence un- der our own laws. Besides the direct losses by holders Uom tbe depreciation of tbe mo- ney, great embarrassment was occasioned in business circles, tbe effect being to partially stop the wbeelsof tiade. Early in November, 1860, Western depreciated to three per cent, discount, but the period was an unfa- vorable one for taking any steps to secure a better medium, and it continued to be re- ceived and paid out in ordinary business transactions as usual. November 19th, the discount ran up to 10 per cent, discount, with somparatively but few buyers, and then setViDg down to eight per cent, discount for a short t me. The great demand for convert- ing Western ociusioned a rise to two per cent, in exchange, but in January it fell to one per cent, at which figure it remained steady throughout the entire year. — From an early period ia December to 26th March, Western improved after fre~ quent changes, going from eight to five dis- count. April 4tb, forty-two Wisconsin banks were thrown out at Chicago, which produced a new phase, another clB8^iflcalion being ne- cessary. April 18tb, there were few buyers, western being nominally 60 discount, except the issues of a very few banks, known as the " Railroad List," which were held here at 16 @20 discount In June, western went out of sight entirely as a circulating medium, al- though some of it continued in tbe hands of victims who were, and perhaps still are, hop- ing against hope for some lucky turn in af< fain. Our former poor currency was soon suc- ceeded by tbe issues of tbe banks of the neighboring States and Canada. Our mer- chants have borrowed directly from some of the Canada banks, a process which has been atUnded witb some difficulty on account of the rate of exchange, which has most of the time ranged from one to two per cent, for Oicada. By law, tbe Canada banks are per- mitted to p9y out sovereigns at $4,861, so tbat when sterling exchange was below par, the value of sovereigns, (which is in a slight degree arbitrary) depreciated to tbe extent of one and a half per cent. Exchange has lat- terly advanced, und at this writing commands a premium of cue and a half to two per cent., which has, of course, nominally enhanced the value of sovereigns, so tbat no loss is in- curred in receiving them, and exchange on Canada mocey has fallen to I per cent, premium. Borne partial feeling has at times been manifested on the subject of Cunada money, but we have so recently witnessed tbe disas- trous effects of a currency panic, tbat the sentiment of onr business public has been generally adverse to anything tending to re- produce a visitation of the kind. We are as- sured tbat tbe public can rely implicitly on the soundness of , these banks, and we there- fore can see no good cause why it is not best, under tbe circumstances, to permit them to occupy the field. Late in May, our money market, although rather stringent, began to assume if anything a more cheerful aspect. Exchange was close, but tbe supply and dcnaod worked well to- gether. About this juncture considerable exchange was made by mining drafts. At periods when no exchange is drawn in favor of our agricultural products, our resources, are so varied Ibat there is sure of being some- thing to our credit. Tbe first week in June, tbe paper of the Pittsburg banks, excepting tbat of tbe Bank of Pittsburg, fell in this market to three per cent discount, but, notwithstanding their temporary suspension, there was at no time tbe slighest cause to doubt tbe entire sol- vency of those institutions. Pennsylvania presents in some respects a parallel case with Michigan, her leading interests, particu- larly that of iron, serving to constitute a grand basis of financial credit, but, unlike Michigan, she has not unwisely thrown away her advan'ages, and depe:)ded upon ether States for a circulating medium, shouldering all the burdens and deriving none of the benefits of banking. The discount gradual- ly drove away Penusylvanii. money, or most cf it. from among us. About the last of August, tbe East began to experience a decided revival, both as re- Epects its manufactures and commerce, a re< action in which the Webt, with its ovei flow- ing granaries, could but feel a lively interest. Everything at the monentary center ef the ceuntry seemed to indicate prosperty. The foreign'demand for breadstufis was active and m baoytnt, aid as our Importations oontlnned ▼ery light, we began drawing heavy balances in gold, while the snccessfal negotiations of €loTernment with the Banks imparted oonfi- dence to the whole oouatry, and the borrow- ing of one hundred and fifty miliions and dif* fusing it, created activity in all the channels of trade. Throughoat the rest of the season business continued to work smoothly and satisfactorily. Produce moved forward at a rate that seem- ed almost fabulous, imparting great ease to the money market, and producing all its legi- timate 00Qsequ<)nce8. The scarcity of tonnage was some drawback to business. Every ves- sel capable of carrying grain was brought in- to requisition, but there were not enough bottoms to supply the demand for the ports of lakes Erie a^d Ontario. On the NewYork canals the pressure was so great that in some instances breadstuff^ were displaced by other freight crowding forward to market, much of it for Europe. Of the first $50,000,000 instalment of the loan taken by the banks of the three gr jat Atlantic cities, the public absorbed just one- half up to the date of taking the second. Tbe banks made no effort to dispose of the Amounts taken bv them, as the high rate of interest made the loan a most desirable se- curity to hold in the falling off in the ordi- nary line of discounts. The patriotic course of tbe banks redounded directly to their own advaniage, they being greatly s'rengthened by the impulse which their action gave to the business of the country. The specie line of the banks of New York, Philadelphia and Boston has suffered no reduction ; the expen- ditures of Government, like those of any othdr borrower, come round again in due course into their vaults. The additions to the coin of the country from abroad and from California are estimated this year at $100,- 000,000. It is beginning to be a matter of doubt whether the loss of Southern trade has been on the whole much of a disad- vantage in a dollar and cent point of view. The chief effect of the former large shipments of cptt3n and tobacco was to stim- ulate enormous imports, draining the North of specie, which wenCto the credit of the South. As has been happily said, our large exports of breadituffa, meats, &c., unlike those of cotton and tobacco, are our own, and the proceeds go to enrich ouraelres. The prime cause cf the sfingency ai the inauguration of the rebellion, was not so much due to the loss of southern trade as to the loss of the debts due from the South. We hav^ within ourselves every element of prosperity that ' can be desired, and to a greater degree than was ever before vouchsafed to mankkid. If the process of crashing out the rebellion imposes a heavy debt upon us, our ability to liquidate that debt must LOt be gauged by the ability of the over-taxed millions of Bu* rope to meet the demands which their mutera make upon them. While large disbursemerts of capital make an easy money market, pay day is sure to come, when the opposite effect is a natural consequence. It is possible, perhaps proba- ble, that should our indebtedness be in- creased to a very heavy amount, a party will spring up who will advocate a permanent public debt, as an efficient means of strength- ening our government by giving aapitalista a direct interest in its stability, as is the case with Great Britain. It is plain to see, in such an event that the proposition will be earnestly combatted by a large share of our people, who have a traditional hatred ofa public debt, and who will scout the idea that such a glori- ous government cannot stand upon its own Intrinsic merits. Floar* Oar market for flour twelve months ago opened very dull, but the supposition seemed well founded that the incoming year was to be oharaeterized by a satisfactory and proa- perons trade. The realization would have been peculiarly grateful to Michigan, with her large wheat crop, her superior facilities for its manufacture, in which an immeoae amount is invested, and her unrivaled ship- ping alvantage^. It was believed that large supplies would be required for Europe, and it was presumed that, as a necessary conse- quence, the market would assume and pre- serve some degree of buoyancy. But, al- though the first supposition proved correct, it is somewhat anomalous that the hopes based thereon should in tbe sequel be disap> pointed. If the fact had not long ago been confessed, the events of the past year would of themselves be amply sufficient to demon- strate the futility of all attempts at the exer- cise of prescience in commercial affairs. Not ouly have unlocked for contingencies con- spired to depress the market, but a prejudi- cial influence has been exerted by causes naturally supposed to be productive of the very opposite results. In some previous years, when not a tihe of this year's exports was sent abroad, the market has derived great bnyoancy from a speculative feeling, and in 1859 speculation ran wild oa the strength of an advance abroad, although New York prices exceeded those in Liverpool by a dollar a barrel. The difterent state of things this year was owing in part to a gen- eral lack of confidence in speculations that depended solely on future developments, bat probably still more to our large crops, upon which the forei^^ shipments, large as they 9, Momed to make bat little impressioD. Thereoeipts of floar and the io> rces of •apply for tbe p«Nt year are as follow* : r Mloblftn Central R.R.,bbU 873.716 V i>etron and MU»|ukee B. R mii\o V netroU and Toledo R, R ly Great Weitern Railway ~70rand Traaic Ral.way rAaatwIie...., aanada. by lall &»^ 68,847 W3 hW UK 1.2U ToUllmporU l.S0fliin4 teami, eiUmatert 1S,000 lafaotaredby oitymll.a 43600 Total inpply ..i,m,W The shipments are as follows : oiMdtby H.C. R. R. and lake 446.807 ooS by M. 0, R. R. and «». W. R . .!U8,260 onghbyM.d. B.R.and&.T R.. M.J'43 onabby D. A M. R. B. and ». W. R.llP.778 neb by 0. AT. K. R. and G. W. R. 80,Z9s D|^ by l». A T. R, R. and tt. T. R. 12.421 nsh by D. i M. S. R. and O. f . & 80.214 pihbr D. AM, R. R. and lake.... 60,«12>1.004.906 - .jl ililBmeDte by lake. a2L646 4o do byO. W.R 20,218 do byG.T.R 18.463 10 do byD.AT.R.B 1.U67 - 356 .883 1 361 3(9 Oonanmed and on hanl 'ua,816 Total dlapoal lion I,8ti3,604 Mtmlhlv Receipts and :8hipm«ia»for iteovearc. 1861. 1860. Reoeipta Jann^ry 8$.0B4 Sebinary.... 68.ti7u [arob. N.496 Ainrll 72.904 May. »2.S<6 Jane 81519 Joly 48 618 Aoinut, 77.081 Mptember... 205,667 Ootober 244.807 November.. aj4.88)l December.. 94,788 Bh'ritenta 78.274 51.947 43.S60 80.774 78176 49,376 66.781 19a48; 248 080 186 448 106.099 Reoeipta :8.8S0 17,340 86.240 46 6H0 £7 888 29.298 ]9S6i 96,744 16.066 217.784 ) 83,161 69 990 Bblrmanta 11749 8.790 63.465 28,660 81,323 20.028 163.U4 196.m 162.883 41,806 The recdpts ao4 sbipments of fl >n^ for the past five years are as follows : fiecelpta ..». bbla. 1»J 482192 1866 692,^87 1869 606 840 IfgO ^62,176 1861 1.32T14O Shipment! bbla. 479,160 606 917 478,018 809.619 1,261,389 Saoh of our mills ss are located in white wheat sections, have, as a general tLing, done aa mnch as last year, and as the character of tbeirflo°>^ has S( cored regular buyers, they have steadily received remunerating returns, bntitbe establishments which have to depend upon *® manufacture of red wheat, have turned out comparatively very lifle. This is owing *o the fact that, moat of the time red wheat hrought so much b«»tter rates, propor- tionately than '.,hite, that the millers turned speculators, and sold their stock in prefer- ence to the less profitable and more uncertain process of converting it into fiour. The cause of the relatively higher market value of red wheat, was doul ess owing in a <^egree to its being required, by reason of its huperior strength, to mix with the weak grain bar- Tested in France. At least, it was largely used for that purpose in England the year previous, when the English crop waa inferior. The peculiar strength of our winter red west- ern wheat has been known and appreciated in Great Britain for soveral years past, and its reputation may now be regarded as firmly established. When there is good cause to expect a foreien demand, our farmers should not fail to take advantage of the fact, and seed a large breadth with this excellent du- soription of grain. Some few red wheat mills in this State and Northern Indiana, which have established a good reputation, have doubtless driven a very flourishing trade, but these are exceptional cases, the manufactured article being gen. erally dull in comparison with the raw mate* riaL Foreign buyers persisted in confining their views to low figures, and reoeivers fold at the ruling prices rather than aconmnlate large stocks, in which they no doubt acted wisely. In the early part of the year there was but lutlo to relieve the monotony of our market. There was no shipping margin for purchasers, and consequently very little demand. There were buyers through* out the entire season, er nearly so; but their figures were generally below first cost, and, and the occasional lota disposed of amounted to little more than forced sales. About the first of January, having only a moderate stock, we felt the effect of a slight advance at the East, yet at the same time rome three or four thousand barrels might have been bought here at |4 60(84.76 for fair to good extrafi, which was a mere shade above the price at which the market had ruled steadily through tue preceding month. Immediately after New Year's farmers com* menced bringing in a liitle wheat to the millers, who were encouraged by the steady feeling to recommence manuftioturing to some extent. Towards the middle of Janu* ary our local receipts of flour were on tiie ascending scale, although it was evident that we were then in no imminent danger of a glut. In fact, farmers were indiffierent about selling, confidence in prices seemina to pos- sess the minds of all. Throughout January, buyers' figures ranged mostly from $4.87ft to $4.60 for extras, with some few large sales. From the 26ih until the second we?k in February, there was Excellent skighing, and the season was one of the best for business ever known, yet evrry thing was re- markably dull, farmers in Michigan, Indiana and Ohio, being disposed to hold back until after seeding, whild in 6anada deliveries were quite large. From this time until the meeting of the Board of Trad , early in April, the market was nominally unchanged. About the middle of May a decided im- provement ana better demand sprung up, mainly owing to the cutting off of the sup- ft pll tien of our operators, no Confidence being felt ic the permaneuOT of prices. To crown tJl, the demand for the up country proved much lighter than usual. In someimpor* taut points in the lumber rooions, about enough wheat for the supply of the local de< mand was harvested. The depression in the lumber trade has also operated against the trade, and some of our river tovns have im- ported flour from Canada. During the fore part of September there was no inquiry, except from dealers who knew where to place their purchases at once, while at the same time m*Uers in the interior were doing so little that our current local re- ceipts were exceedingly light. With the ap- proach of the fall trade, there was a rather better inquiry for the upper country, but the busineHS assumed no animation, and although prices rather stiffened up a little, it was owing more to the scanty stock than to any other cause. About the middle of September some little export inqairy began to manifest itself, but up to about the last of the month very little bad been done on that account. About the first of October a new and brighter era dawned upon the trade. A decided im- provement in prices took place, with a very good demand, which continued until the close of navigation, and a degree of buoyancy pre- vailed that presented a striking ani gratify- ing contrast wit!~ the almost uninterrupted stagnation of the rest of the year. This was oving almost entirely to ther equirements for the New England trade. Thef "st week in Oo* tober some 8,000 barrels were taken for that market, and ttom that time forward all good branda not held at extreme figures were promptly taken, some purchases of consider- able lots being made after the close, and for- warded by rail. Namerons mills which had been in a state of suspension, started once more into activity, encouraged by the new turn in affkiirs. We did comparatively little with New Eng- land in 1860, and that little was not calcu- lated to tell in our favor, owing to the infe- rior character of our wheat that year. Far- thermore, the crops of cereals, especially wheat and com, were never so large in New England as in 1860. This abundance was this year followed by a light crop, and the at- tention of buyers for that market was soon attracted hither by the superb character of eur Michigan wheat, in reference to which those amply qualified to form an opinion pro- nounce our crop of 1861 the best raised in the world; Among the buyers we were happy to note one or two heavy ones trrom Portland. — There is no good cause why our trade with important place should not rapidly grow to great importance, mutually beneficial to both cities. We have in great abundance all of the leading staples which she requires for sustaining the population of the region looking to her as a market, while she is a factor for many leading articles which we are daily de- riving from the seabeard, especially molas- ses and dried fish. An arrangement could be eflTected without difficulty by which we could pay here for all the proiducts received from her, by which means exchange would be saved. The fellowing table table exhibits the prices for sir gle extra flours in our market twice a month during the y ar, the inside figure being the average price of red, and the outeide figure for that of white extras. The following will show the current rates for extra C ; ' in this market twice a month, daring the > ^ar 1860 : Jan. l8t 4 8704 62 Jan. 16th 4 a5ia4 60 Feb. 1st 4 3704 62 Keb. 16th 4 87@4 6'2 March l8t 4 37® 4 62 inarch 15th 4 37®1 «2 April lt uf October, ike demand for the British market received a still farther check by another rise in freights. Tho year 1861 opened with a very despond- ent feeling with respect to trade, owing to tbe political troubles which were beginning to convulse tho country, and the consequent panic in the money market. At the outset, the \»ucat market, in common with every other department of bnsiness, felt the depres- sing influence of those tronbLts. The lights of experience were wanting; In determining the probably flnal issue, and wheat buyers, in common with other dealers, were wholly at sea, and for a sh-^rttime it could be said that there was almost literally no market for wheat in Detroit. There was, however, so little of- fering that no embarrasment was felt s > far as the fact itself was concerned. Sellers wereiui willinff as buyers to await further de- velopments. Our market recovered its tone in the latter part of January, when prices at New York attained neady as high a point as before the panic, and the rates here continued correspondingly fair, .with a good feelin?, un- to the inauguration of civil war by the fall of Sumter, when another stirngency in the money market supervened, together with a generni derangement of business, causing a considerable decline, with a very dull feeling. The decline here was 7 cents per bushel. From ^bat period until harvest, no striking features were develop^, and no great flactuations occurred; altboagb from the middle of May to tbe latter part of June, the market more than recovered, bo^h in tone and price. This was owing to the foreign demand, which, in spite of the almost constantly varying phases it as- sumed, was steady and generally active tbrougboat tbe entire year, or at least nearly so. Early in June, unfavorable rewa from England, coupled with heavy arrivals at tbe sea-board, flattened tho market, followed by a decline which coutinned l>y re^'nlar stages until tbe first week of Aa<^u.si, when it onco more iissnirrd a vr y buoyant tone owing to tbe demand fur Fruuce, P ices opened very moderately after harvest, the prevailing im- preesion being that m consequence i the large crop, with a heavier stock of old wheat left over than usual, prices throughout tbe fall would rule rather low. But the French demand proving greater than bau been an- ticipated, coupled with a fair demand for England, (whose breadstnfis markft had itself stiffened up in consequence of the French demand) prices gradually improved and continued good, with some fluctuations, up to the dose of navigation, with an actlTo demand. The French have been in our market in for- mer yearli, but never before for so long a time, nor to so great an extent. The French duties were, in the first place, rendered I I I of the I freight, ^ netsed. tendenJ vent a 4 pauies 9 m&rL-ly Lomiuul by special decree of the £iq« pei'or, and the low prrces in this couDtry, eaperindacefl by oar enormons crops, 1 d their buyers to eeek oar market). Had oar pricts been higher, at least considerably su, they woald doubtless have sought other countries for their entire supplies. Tbe crop was harvested in superb condition, and the berry was in pleasing contrast with the shrivelled product of the previous year. Its superior quality attracted great attention wherever introduced. The opening rates on the street were 82c. for red, and 86 for white. Wbile it was soon ascertained that tbe quality of the red was almost unvaryingly good, it was found n.'cessary to exercise considerable discrimination as regarded white, in conse- quence of its rather variable quality. The proporiion of white wheat was larger than last year, both in Michigan and elsewhere, which, coupled with the fact that the foreign demand was chiefly for spring and red wiuter, made red the favorite article of traffic, its price ruling rela^tively much the highest dar- ing the most of txie season. Simultaneous with the improvement at the seaboard, to which we have already referred, a nuiiber of buyers from elsewhere made ' their appearance in our market, whose move- ments gave rise to a warm competition, prices on the street not unfrequently running up to a figure above that paid for lots free on board. On 'Change tbe utmost baoyaccy generally prevailed, and the sales were the largest ever koovvu. A lai'ge amount was taken by Canada buyers, bat doubtless most of it uiiimately found its way to £arope. One of tbe most prominent commbrcial features of the year has been ihe gr^. t and rapid advance iu lake and railroad ffti^uts during tbe latter part of the season. Tnis has taken largely oii the pi ice of wheat as well as of ail other products seeking au out- let to market, at times preventing a rijo iu Sricesi ere to coirespouci with advances at few York. It has been simply taking so much L'om the pockets of the larmers and tranbferriog it to tbe coffers of the Irau'^- portation Companies. This of coarse op- erates very onerously upon the producer, albeit, in strict accordance with tue law of supply and demand. Were produce scarce and Ireigh'.iog ficilities overabundant, prices of transportation would be at a very low fiaaro, as railroad stockholders and owners of vessels know from experience. But the past season tbe tables were tUiUed. Our exhibit of receipts and shipments will convey an idea of the enormous amount of eastern bound freight. A parallel was never before wit- netsed. The vigilance of Railroad Superio- tendents ha<* been constantly taxed to pre- vent a dead -lock; lake transpoitation com- panies have bt«n utte:ly unable to accom- modate the business pressing upon them, and have given up in despair in some instances, and actual lly begged their customers, by special notitication, to send them no more freight Since the close of navigation, but little has been done. Pi ices rulmg a little below the average during tbe fdll, farmers have not been very anxious to sell, and tbe bad con- dition ol tbe roads in tbe interior has tended to ckeck business. But there is considerable wheat in first hands in this State,muca more than usual at this season of the year. To sum up, we should say that this has been quite a fair year for operators, but stiU not so good as many suppose. Before harvest everytQiug was unsettled and ancertaio, and since iiarvest, there uas been very little mar- gin between count y and city. The business could not well have been closer, tbe market leading otf only a few cents higber than the opening figures. The season has certainly bean a good one for buyers compared with 1860, wueu prices went steadily downward alter (he gr^un had left the producers' hanus. A few, and comparatively speaking only a very lew, haviug tbe means to purchase when the maiket was at itiilo" Total white. ..,.^ 600.096 No. 1 red 63\100 No. 2 red. ^ 1*0.^" Rtjeotedred, ^^^ Total red, JSUm Total atnou-;t:nsj)oc.ed, - * 1,3M.031 10 I The receipts of wheat the past year, and the sonrces of supply, are as follows : By M. 0. ». 1?.. bu. - . - - 1.610.S18 By D. ana M. B. B., bu. ■ • • 7I7.V29 By T, and T, B. R., bu, • - 120,147 ByO. W. R'y, bu. . . - . . 414 ByO. T. R'y. bu. • ' - - 4.013 OoDstWse. bn, ..--.. 1,363 ^om Canadian ports, bu. • - - 61,28*^ By teams, estimated, . . - - 600,0OO Total. .-.•... 3.005.111 The shipments are . Through by M. 0, B, R. a"d lake, bu, - 2S3,fil7 M. O, B, R, and O. W. RV. bu. 36.715 M. O. R. R. and O. T. R'y. bo, 4.128 T). and M, R. B. and a. W. R y. 37.01(5 D. and K. B. B. and lakp. bn. 18.892 n. and M. R. R. and O. T, jvr. 6.101 n. and T. R, R, nnd P. W. R'y. 3.623 T .V 5- S"* ''• R- R- »ndG, T. R'y, 47.098 380.089 LocalbyG.T\R'y,bu. - - . . 1.472 V. g. W.R'ybp. . . - . 71 '• D. and T. R, R.. bn. - - 2.055 " Lake, bu, • - - • 2.321.3K0 2.324.978 ^ Total shfpmont*, . . . . • 2.7fp5,067 Groundby city mills, . . . - • 191.000 Increase of stock on hwd, . . . • 109.044 Total digppsltlor. . - - . - 3,005J11 BZOBPTS AND SHIFUENTS MONTtlLT FOK TWO Y1SXW. 1861. I860. R)>oefptB. Fhlp'ts. Rpcelpto. Ship'ts. Janniir* ■ -70 690 49..360 17.627 1,33 February - - .35,974 1,3,645 lO.POl 860 March .... .38,6,38 23.916 ,<« 284 1.153 Anr»l . . . - 60 229 104.725 79.723 55 024 May 85.796 04.645 69 097 1''S.901 June .... 206.265 209,283 21.893 72.741 July 58.6R1 70 614 6.3.664 40.490 Angnst - - . 214.818 226.268 .318.782 ■* 262.681 September . - 649.817 641 613 374.418 3^1.R34 October - . . 886 881 976.817 209.641 498.644 November - . - 245,760 886.210 196.2.30 193.007 December • . 46,722 8,171 12,221 10,676 [In our monthly tables the receipts by teams are not incladed.] The wheat crops of 1859 and 1860 having turned out well, and being free from the as- saults 0f the fly, the farmers were indnced to BOW a large breadth of land with this grain in the fall of 1860 so that the wheat harvest of 1861 was larger than usual, although not so productive as that of the preceding year. From the plumpness and evenness of the grain,it could cot havii> suffered much, if auy, from the attack of the weevil, so that the de- ficiency in acreable produce must be caused by the excessive drought of the summer. The harvest- weather was fatrorable, and a large part of the crop was secured in good condition ; a considernble portion, however, was stacked in the fields in so careless a man* ner that the heavy rain which fell shortly af- ter the crop was reaped, penetrated to the heart of the stacks and did much damage by causing the grain to sprout. Sometimes it is necessary to keep wheat in the field in order to permit the grain ; nd straw t(s become dry ard fit for ipmoval to the bam, ard while undergoing the process, it is very often ov«rtaken by rain and con- siderably damaged. Evejy farmer does not own a barn capacious enough for the storage of a large crop of wheat, and it therefore be- comes necessary to stock in the field or haggard. This work being too often per- formed in a ./<)les8 or slovenly manner, a heavy shower penetrates the stocks to the centre, and both grain and straw receive damage. Michigan is celebrated for pro- ducing excellent wheat, and if the grain were properly managed in the harvesting, and cleaning for the market, its superiority over the produce of other States would be more apparent, but too many of our farmers are attached to old cnstems. The wheat fly, which destroyed the wheat crop of the UoUed States and Canada for several years in succession, disappeared most mysteriously after the memorable frost of the night of July 4th, 1869, and for the three harvests the crop has been good, and the flour made from it of excellent quality. The har- retta in great Britain and France liave been unfavorable for the last two years, conse- quently the stocks of breadstuff in those countries have been nearly run out.— In the fall and winter of 1861 more grain and flour have been shipped to European ports from the U. 8. than the aggregate shipments of the six preceding years amount to. The Mark Lane Express, which is one of the most reliable journals in Europe, estimates the leflciency of the grain crops of Great Britain and France to amount to 144,009,000 of busheis, and it is certain that the crops in other European countries are also short, and large importations will be required to make up th<)ir deficiency. Even when fa* vored with a bountilul harvest, England can not feed her dense manufacturing population without large imports of foreign breadstuff's, a considerable part of the supply hem? gen- erally obtained from France. The harvest in the latter country has been so deficient this vear, that instead of exporting grain and flour, she vvill require about 80,000,000 bushels of whsat^to'make up the'deficiency in her own harve.'-t. ° The causes of the present most ex- traordinary demand for American breadstufis are easily acoounied for. The failure of the potato crop in Ireland will have a very great effect, not only in keep- ing up, but increasing the British demand for our surplus wheat and corn, so that there is scarcely any prospect that tbe exportations from tbis country to Europe will cease until tbe produce of 1862 will be available in Qreat Britain and France. It is fortunate that there in at present vn almost icezbaiistible stock of wheat and flour in tbe Northern States, so tbat^ although the Southern trade is com- pletely cutoff, and the qrf.t Southern staple locked up by the blockade, the commercial prospects of t]}e principal part of tbe nation was never greater than at present. The land teems with plenty. The 700,000 men who havo enrolled themselves under the nationrl banner have an abundance of the best food. 11 often per- ' manner, a cks to the aw receive i for pro- grain were eating, and riorlty over Id be more 'armera are J the wheat [panada for leared most frost of the r the three Qd the flour , The har- have been jars, conse- fs in those run out.— e grain and pean ports 9 shipments it to. 'ii is one of le, estimates crops of amount to ^rtain that ries are also be required en when fa- ingland can I population breadstnffs, bein? gen- e harvest in eScient this I grain and ,000 bushels f in her own >nt most ex- k breadstuff^ in Ireland mly in keep- domand for bat ihere is Bxportaiions cease until tble in Qreat e that there Btlble stock rn States, so ^de is com- them staple commercial f the nation t. The land | 10 men who | the nationrl | ie best food, I i^It is evident that agriculture is the granite rook which underlies the proepetity of the nation, and upon which all other sources of national or Individual wealth depend. Euro- pean nations may be jealous of the growing greatness of the United States, and they may wish to see it broken up into fragments, but they nevertheless hop<> to deiive some benefit ftom the agriculural productions of each important fragment. The wheat and maize of the United States are now very acceptable to the statesmen of Qreat Britain and France, who no doubt feel the ground shaking be- neath their feet with the faint mnrmurings of that tremendous volcano— discontented labor population. The wheat, corn, and pork of the Northern States ate a good set off to the cot- ton, rice and tobacco of the South. The for- mer are indispensable — they must be pro- cured somewhere— the latter may be super- seded by other products, bnd in some oases dispensed with altogether. France and Eng- land are competitors this year in the Ameri- can grain market, and the price of breadstuffs in this country is enhanced by the simulta- neous demands of those two nations for food to wake up the deficioncy of their harvests. — Neither of these countries, even with pros- perous harvests, can raise enough grain to feed their own population, so that when their harvests fail, the quantities of foreign bread- steads required by them are enormous. For the last two or three yean esJmates have been formed of the number of bushels of whe&t ratsed in this State, and although they have been founded upon data received from nearly all the millers and grain mer- chants of Michigan, some persons have con- sidered them too high. If the crop of 1860 amounted to twelve millions of bushels, as it is said, that of 1861 amounied to even great- er ; for on no former year have the railroads been so embarrassed for means of transporta- tion for the immense quantities of wheat and flour that have been pouring in upon them in all directions since the end of harvest up to the present day. It is said that the acreable produce of the crop of 1861 is not as good in general as it was in 1860, but the increaf ed breadth of land sown will more than make up for the deficiency, even if we admit that such has been the case — a matter which is by no means certain. It will be seen by the summary of inspection, that Miobigan wheat of 1861 seeins to be princi- pally '-DJo. I" white and "No. I" red. There is also a considerable quantity of "No. 2" white and "No. 2"tfed, and some "rejected" red. It appears that European jbuyers are anxious to import the wheat unground, that their own millers may de- rive profit from manufacturing the flour and dis- posing of the bran and other offal, and on this ac- count, a crjr has been raised la the British and french markets that American flour is seldom equal to the sample ; that the produce of red wheat is sometimes sold for white, &e. These re- ports should be taken for what they are worth, and It should be homo in mind that in 1845, when Sir Robert Peel brought forward his memorable project for the repeal of the Com Laws and the opening of the British Ports to Free Trade, the British and Irish millers organized a formidable opposition to the introduction of foreign flour, and made representations to the Government of the propriety of introducing wheat to the ezolnsion of flour, and they showed that so much employment would be given, and so much profit derived from the bran, &o., that they made considerable im- pression on the eminent statesman we have nar «d. Juoging from the large shipments -of wheat to Europe this year, it would seem that the European manufaoturers have partially suoceeded in giving the American article a."bad name." The breadth of land sown with wheat last fall, was large, much larger than in 1860; indeed, it is evident that farmers are annually increasing the number of acres of wheat since the crop be^an to improve. The owner of a threshing machine in Wayne county informs us that in 1860 he threshed about 2,000 bushels of wheat, and that in about the sime extent of country in 1861, he threshed 7,500 bushels, and from the number of acres sown with wheat last fall, he estimates that if the next harvest be prosperous, there will be a great increase in the number of bushels in the same district, ahd all over the State next harvest. Very little white wheat is raised in Wayne county. The Mediterranean appears to be a favorite in this locality. The market at New Tovk was essentially under the same inflnences throughou; the season as those which gave tone to the market for flour. At the beginning of the year exports were large, both of wheat and com, all for the English market. Ship- ments continued active, with only temporary in- terruptions, but owing to freights being generally on the assending scale, and to the difficulty con- stantly experienced by buyers in negotiating ex- change, prices were restrained. The market was also influenced at times after harvest, by the un- parallelled amounts ariving from the West, while detention by a break in the canal not unfrequent- ly produced a firmer feeling, even although it was perfectly understood that the difficulty was only temporary, and that the supply was Inexhaustible. Before the arrival of the French buyers, the mar- ket was exceedingly sensitive, and many ups and downs were occasioned by the pulsations of the Liverpool Corn Exchange. Before the middle of July the splendid new crops had the effect to bring out lorge stores of flour and wheat, and pur- chases were brisk at a concession of 6@10o for Franee and Great Britain, mainly the latter. The first and second weeks in August, great buoyancy prevailed, owing to favorable French news, and a rapid decline in freights, and prices greatly im- proved under orders beyond the stock. The new crop began to arrive, and its superior character was commented upon with no little enthusiasm. The second week in September advices were re- ceived of the free admission of wheat and corn into France, but freights to the Continent advanced, checking exports somewhat. About the middle of the month an improvement in Exchange tended to stimulate the market, but the effect was oonn- 12 tetOaiaaced bj large reoeeipts and a soaroily of vesaels. in iiinglaad in SopMmber, notwitbstaad- iog iavorable aooouoCs of (he crops, an advance obumer, owing to thn demand for Jfrance, large amuuuld beiug taken for tbat country in tbe Bniisb and iiussian markets. The lust of October the demand far tbe Continent began to exhibit strong 8>mptouu of abatement, enough to supply temporary wants having; been secured, but there was an improved inquiry for Great Britain. Tae luliuwmg luoie gives tue rau^e of priceti duriug the paal year, tiie Aral figares represeaiui^ red, aud thci oiiliors wiiito, Dotn free on board : Jan. let 102 Jan. 15kn.luiai02 Veb. lii..luUi»M Vtb. *5i> .lui Macul«ilUJ StitcalotnitrJ April is'.. 1^5 AurU loUi 1U6 May lai... i>6 Ai Jaue lotalu^ losdiia July Ist 92® 93 iu5(»aa Jaiy Ifitn 84® i6 lU.itfllO AUg.l8(.. 9(1(0 9i lU5(dtl2 Aai{. itita(asw>80 1U^(«1U Dept. l8(. 84 lUovll^i t}ept.i6tti, »2 1U6®115 Occ lot.,, di lUtitfilD Uct, 13m. 9} iUJ(i».Ud ttor. Inc.. 9S 105(^118 MOV. loth 9t> lio^iJl Dic. iBt.. 9a liU(^118 Dec. 16... 93 98® 98 88® 90 10U®1UJ m 94 lUi) li4 104 lUti lUd lUo 115 aVJUUQB PiUOl OF WBITI WHEAT III DBTROIT FOB SBVBX TIABS. 1S65 W 75 1)S66 1 12 1867 - ■ - • . 1 i!3X 1H58 92 i»59 • - • , ■ 1-a im) 1 19 1801 1 OlJ>i Cora* Ine leoeipts oi oora aud the sourcoj «f supply lor the year are as foll&ws : ByMxhlg&a Central Ballroad. baah 901.705 %. anaT. K.K 80.994 D.aauM.R. Ji 700 G. '. R'y „V Uoastwise , 862 Caaadi i>urU %'iati B; teams SOOtO Total 1.0itf.60ti Iha shipiueuid bre :— Throughby M 0. B. k. aad a.W. H 26,141 by M.U. K. H.audLake , 211,913 " byM. 0. K.K. audvi. 1", R. 15.871 *' by i>. aud r. K. it, And G. r. H 8,{i5U SoldbyuI.K 5,bdti " by Lakd i....d G. ».n 7i>.87o Total shipments "989,309 JlanataciUied here ifiMti Local .coasui..pi8jn 25,197 1 C8ti,606 Monlhlv Rectiptaand Shipmentafor Two Years, 18(51, 1860. Keceipts Jan 14aiil2 Feb 317-8 Marcu 16,i;» Apili ,.. &4.iibl May 7b.4U7 Jane 37.9 j8 July 85.0fc8 AogiiBt lot), 428 gepb 98.409 Oct 119.942 Nov 1«1,719 Dec ^7,985 gulp meats 42.3t)l 41,8U8 3U.5J2 130, m l(i7,319 33,11)9 57,383 137,;ttt> V 7.866 Sy.Oul 148 5« 13 278 Kecelpti <)4t)51 41.133 6^,(1(1 »7,uOti 40 9.^6 10t>,149 4H,413 21,779 24,077 Shipments 4j.9t)l 19 814 32,377 27,dU<> 49,9U2 lu,453 45,451 84,^78 37,750 «i0,02i 4>i,01tf 4,3i4 The cara crop of 1861 was the largest that w« have had for many years, the spring hay< ioij been favorable fur putting ia the seed, aud the price of pork tor the few last years beiug remunerative to the ^farmer, a large breadth of laud was prepared iu the Spriag aud planted with corn. The summer aud fall were favorable to the growth aud matu- raticu of crops ; there were bo early -frosts to retard ibe growth of the plants or to inter- fere with the ripening of ihe grain, and tbe crop was harvested in excellent condilioo, the stalks beiug seemed for fodder, a matter of very great impotiauoe to the farmers. — For several years tbe corn crop of tbe United ttates has been iucreasing rapidly, and it is probable that that of last fall has been the largest ever raised in this country. £ven in the doutbern fitates the breadth planted with corn has been mncb larger than usual, as the planters, anticipating tue cutting ofi' of the northern supply, raised corn on every avail- able spct of laud, even to the exclusion of coiion, LO that if the war should terminate, aud all obstructions to trade between ihe two great sections of tbe country be removed, a large Southern demand' for corn need not be expeoied. Although Michigan does not produce as much coru as same other States, tbe quality of that which she does raise is excellent for miiiing purposes, and commands a ready sale in the market. From the many facilities for shipping produce.which.Detroit po,:8e8e8, mer- chants annually send large quantities of corn 10 this point, to be distributed, not only in tho lumber and mineral uiatricis of Micnigan,but abo in various parts of C:.nada lor the supply of diaiilleries. Considerable quaat.i< ties are also snipped to Batfalo and oiher places, i'be crop of 1860 was larg m.m 1-68 ; 2i8,;sl2 18J,5S7 1869 4U8,U65 132,4:7 iSfiO 6at,6»6 592,1/44 1861 1,030.518 98^,309 AVI Jan. iBt 4J Jaa latU 3i Feb. lat ..39 Feo. loih 39 Marcu 1st 'i9 iiiaroa la.h 6^ April Ist 38 AkJihldih Hi May l«l 87 May ibtb •il Juuelat a8 June 15iu j8 mi 1968 1859 1860 ISiil The rec( are us foIU ByM. •' D. aid " D.an< " O W. " ».T.^ " Oanad " Teami The total Beceipts year: B JaTiuaiT. Febru ay, March, Aprlt, »Iay. - Jane, Julylst ■ i-t Jaiylft.h 32 Aug. ls( .' a Autf. iStti 34 Sept. im. 3) H:ipt, 1 t.i ...3' OOL 1st i» uct. 151,1 31 No/.i«ii ••a Njv. lata .37 UdO. In 3) Ueo. 16tl<. vuewj ..3i Receipts 186^ 1859 . 1360 1881 - The gret nnfavorabl State, and short. Th be expecte has been t< troit is sup Michigan ( oats consul being brou Detroit an( tributes a 1 small supp places on I are bh!ppe< cinnati an Cleveland, operations Peninsula, at Cincinn on the pric tion of the plotely clo tbe local ti ; Bufflcient t< crop iu Mi and in Illii ler cent, u The fon< 'or oats, 86 'an. Isti .... an. 15th... eh. iRt Vb. 16th..., lar^h 1st... March 15th. 18 n AVXEACn FRIOB TOR riYI TIAKS. iai7 79X0. 1«68 Bl 1859 72 1860 49 1861 866-6 OmUt The receipts ot oats during the past are us follows . year By M. R. R " D. and T. R. R. . " a W. 1'y . " ».T. R'y. " Oanadlsn ports " Teams, etc. Bushels. a77.«76 8 496 623 478 988 6,470 109.000 The total Bhlp Receipts and shipments year: Rfo'ts. 11.406 6,487 1.1H7 729 .2^742 25 821 - 263,167 monthly for the JaTinary. Februiy, March, Aprlt, . May. • Jane, Reo'ts. • 22,863 89 701 • 52,6V3 65,482 ■ 44.516 6,000 Ship't 3 91" 34,42S 42,030 86 224 61,030 60 rgeet that triog bay- the seed, last years :, a large be SpriBg imer and and mata> f -frosts to ■ to inter- I, and tbe condition, :, a matter farmers. — tbe United ', and it is I been the Even in rated with laal, as the off of the very avail- LclcisioQ of terminate, sen ibe two removed, a k need not produce as the quality ccellent for ready sale aciliiies for seaes, mer- ties of corn only in tho icnigan,bat la lor the bio quaati- and oiher larg>?, and 3 bdaa ox- rable stock tie coru ha^ Uinuii baa irom Dd- lopgrations at some of the mines of the Upper (reao jt win pj,oiu8ula, and the derangement of business aiug nogs, i^j, rjiQcinnati bayg had an unfavorable effect n the price of oats this yrar. The naviga- ion of the Ohio and Mississippi being com- ilotely closed, and the Sonthern trade cut off, be local trade in the Detroit market was not uiflcient to cause an advance in price. The rop in Michi>7an is much under the average, cd in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin is 25 er cent, under that of last year. The following will show the current prices or oats, semi-monthly, during tho past yf ar : an. l8t 2n@2l .TuW Ist 20 an. 16th 30®n July loth eh. 1«« 19a20 auk' b. 16th ia@20 *ui(, Oct lit (new) .. 21 Oct. mh sa Not. 1st .. 22 Not. 16th » Deo. l»t 93 Deo. 16th 28 April 1st 19 April 16tb 19O20 May Ist 20«|23 M«T IBth 29'SiiS3 June lit 22®28 June 16th SOdai The following is the average price of oats for six yean: 1866 .<» centSL 1867 - - • - - -44^ •' 1868 32X '• 1859 43X " 18H0 29H " 1861 211.& " Barley* Malt and Hops* The receipts of Barley /or the past year are: Bhinus. 1.446 July, - Autust. 1,185 Peptemfer, 11.058 tober, - 36.78t NoTember 26,024 December Receipts and shipments for four years : Reeetptd. Shipments. ld5S ... - 883.626 88.465 1859 - - • - 173.^64 24.816 1360 .... 319 59S 39,205 1861 - - - - 8 .9,986 263,157 The great drought of last summer had an unfavorable effect on the oat crop of the State, and in many places the straw was very short. The grain has been heitet than might be expected from stunted straw, and theyiell has been tolerably good. The market of De- troit is sup tilled principally by teams and the Michigan Central Railroad ; tbe bulk of the oats consumed in or shipped from the city being brought in by the latter route. The Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad also con- ; tributes a fair share, as well as other lines. A small supply is brought by eteimboat from places on Lakes St Clair and Huron. Oats are bhipped from Detroit principallv to Cin- cinnati and Lake Superior, Buffalo and Cleveland. The temporary suspension of quantities and sum- lie price 01 iveraole in itt year : ByM.O. R. R. ba.. T». and M. R. R. D.andT. R. R. - G. W. R'y, - G.T. R'y . From Canadian Ports. Total - iwi- :ii M M .31 .3i ,.35 ..a U'. 9a(g|24 15th 21 lar.blst an Sep Ist, 22 [March 15th 19®20 Sep. 16th 2a 12 404 18,S8i 8"<8 1.089 lose 26,783 69.784 The shipments as;gregate only 2,078 bush- els, of which 1,694 bu. were to Cincinnati. MontVy Seceipta for two Years. lf?61, 18S1. 18R1. 18«a Janua-y. 6, 6« 4,681 July, 753 3,005 rebraory, 3,348 3 876 AusuTust. 1.26'a 8 631 March, 2.281 6.887 September, 8.7i.9 9.871 April, 4 211 8,798 Octobw. 18 604 42 974 May, 2.365 10 034 November, 10 371 9410 June, 2,081 7,686 December, 3.197 10,639 Barley this year did very well, but the breadth was considerably under that of 1860, and our receipts show a considerable falling off. The quality was variable, but rather an improvea ent over last year. The major part of it was well saved. Canadian barley, which has always been an important item of traf- fic in Detroit, has also shewn a diminution this year, the crop being rather light on the Thames, the great barley region. The quali- ty is good, probably about the same as last year. It is estimated that the malt liquor trade hardly comes up to last year ; certainly there has not at mast been much increase. The ale turned out aggregates from 40,000 to 45,000 bbls. The followioo exhibits the current rates per cwt. of good barley in our market semi- monthly during the past year : Jan.la'. 100 JuWlst 8n(<» Jm. 15th 100 Ju'ylSth 80® Feb. l«t I n'l Autr. lat PC® Feb. 15th 100 Auk. 16th 80® March Ist 1 d Mar bl6th 1 00 April 1st 1 00 April 18th 1 00® 1 05 MavlBt 10U®1 05 May 15th 80® 95 J'i'e'st 83® Junel6th 80® 8S ATerage price for the year, U^io. Hops opened in September at 20(325o, but afterwards went down to 18(320o. Owing to the damage to the English crop, and con- sequent export of considerable quantities thither, the market afterwards advanced to the opr^ning figures. Malt has been steady at 80o nearly the 85 85 85 85 Sep', 1« 8.1® 90 Sepr. T5*h 90® 97 Oct. l8t 95®1 05 Oct. 15th ?6@l 05 Nov. let 10) Nev. 15th 90®1 00 Deo. Ist 85®1 00 Dec. 16th 8&®1 00 14 entire settson. In November, however, it stood at 75o, the lowest point ever tocohed. Last spricg one of our dealers shipped three oars of malt to New Tork, the first ever 8«>nt from Detroit. Rjra. The receipts of rye for the year are— Bv M. 0. R. R, • ■ - • . - ■ 6,830 " D. A M. B, B. - - - . - 8.429 "D.AT.R B. 2«2 "G.T. R'ys 279 Total ... .... 10981 The shipments ag^^regate 10,000 bashels. Monihlu Shipments lor two i/Mra: I860. 960 2.290 977 418 July, Auf(.. Sect, Oct., Nov., Dec, 1861. 200 655 1,200 I860. 46 241 927 8,050 1.787 1861. Jan., 1,409 Veb., 124 March, 833 April, i,m May. 564 June. Until 1860, the qaa^itity raised in Michigan was not considerable, but last year several thousand bushels arrived in the city by the Drtroil and Milwaukee Railway principally, but some wa<9 als ) received by teams. Last year there was a brisk demand in the Detroit market for rye for tie supply of Cincinnati, and some distillers in Canada, also for the manufacture of bread for the German popu- lation of the city. Owing to the low price of 1860/lee8 breadth was sown last year, but rye has gained a firm fooiiog as one of tbe siaple productions of Michigan. The following exhibit, the current rates of rye in our m^irket twice a month during the past year: Jan. iBt 42 Jan. IStb 42 Veb. Ist 44 reb. 15th 43S44 March 1st 44®45 March 15th 44@45 April 1st 46 AprUlSth 46 MaylBt 46®47 Mayietb 48 June 1st 48®49 June 15th 44@46 Jaly Ist 44®45 July 15th 37X Au?. 1st 37>i Aug. IStb 35®37>i Sept. Ist 3o(»3S Sept. 15th 37@38 Oos.ls' 35®38 Oct 16th 36^38 Nov. 1st 40®43 Not. 15th 40@42 Dec. 1st 40(942 Dec. 15th 40®42 Average price for tbe year, 42ic. Provisions* The hog crop this year will turn out enor- mous. It is estimated that Kentucky alone basgotovfr half a million for market. All over tbn West the increase is large, and our own State presents no exception. Not only has feed been plenty and cheap, but the weather has been remarkably favorable for the production of pork ; the summer was EOt too hot, and the winter thus far has been mild. The hogs sent here thus far from Southern Michigan will average about 240 lbs., whereas the former average has only been about 220. In qaality there has also been a decided improvement. Micfaisan is progres&ing steadily and rapid- ly in raising bogs, a::d before many years nothing but the want of capital can prevent Detroit from taking rank with Chicago and Milwaukee as a packing point. The number packed last season was 10,000. The prinsipal packers engaged at present are — Peter Henkel. Wlliar^ Parker, Newberry A 07., F. B. Fhetps, J. D. Standish. A firm from Adrian riave also been engaged ibis winter in packing. The market opened this season under a combination of unfavorable circumstances. The large stock of @ld pork in tbe country— the high price of freight— the scarcity of packages — the high rates of salt — wars and rumors of wars — these all combined to keep down prices, and produce indifference among operators. But the low prices have finally induced men of capital to i' vest in mess pork, and considerable more activity pre- vails. We observe that in Cincinnati leading grocers are putting their spare capital into pork, and our own market has begun to be very favorably affected on tie score of activi- ty. Some of our packers have already cut as many as during the whole of last winter. At higher rates, the market would now be dull indeed, as our packers have heretofore relied to some extent upon realizing more ot less from sales for consumption to help mat- ters along during the season, for which there was only a slim prospect at tbe opening this year. The receipts by rail of dressed hogs from Nov. 1st to Dec. 2tith this year were only 6,480, against about 12,000 last year. Since about Dec, 16tb, they have, however, began to move freely. Up to 1859, we consumed more of hog products than we turned out, but since then the scale has begun to turn. Considerable of our lard, mess pork and shoulders are ship* ped east; the hams are mostly or wholly consumed here. It is estimated that one thousand packing hogs this year will turn out about 27,500 lbs, lard, instead of 20,000 as heretofore, owing in part to their superior condition, and in part to the especial caie taken by packers to turn all they can into lard, it being now the most profitable product, commanding 8@8lc in New York. The market for lard has been greatly stimulated by an excellent demard lor Europe, Brazil and Cuba, We shipped about 500 bb:s. lard east last season, and bought 100 bbls. in Chicago for the sake of investing Western money. Within tbe last few years, an improvement in tbe breed of hogs has taken place, it hav- ing at last been discovered by our farmers that some breeds require less food than others in the fattening process. About the middle of December a year ago, the market for dressed hogs went down to 5.00(35.25, it having ruled pretty steady the preceding month at 6.50(35.75. About Jai]. 1st, owing to speculation, it went up to 5.50 ^5.60, and in two weeks more to 6.0006,26. I About tl closirg a opened. Nov. 15t] Dec. 1st 1 3.2033 3 Lard « 10c, goln tember ai to 7(0. Sagar Sept. 1st which th< The fo rates for i a month i January Ist •• lat February la " 15t March 1st . • loth April Ist ' " (6th Mayl't . " 16th - June 1st . '• 16th . ATIRiOB PI 1836 1857 . 1858 18o9 . 1860 1881 . Of beev this fall, n tions of tt is done ic parcels, most of 8.00. The rec supply, h< By M. 0. ByDaa By D. ai ByO. W By G. T. From Oa Total, M< January, lbs February, 11 March, lbs. Auril. lbs. May, lbs, June, lbs, A very m^de in A fluctuated and fall. as low as buyers co price. Si gradual in of Deceml at 12ic, a cents per manufacti II B priDsipal :er, D engaged n under a imstances. country- scarcity of -wars and 1 to keep ace among ave fioally !8t in mess tivity pre- Eiti leading apital into gun to be eof activi* Iready out ist winter. Id now be heretofore g more oi help mat- hich there [)eDing this essed hogs year were I last year. , however, >Te of hog since then liderableof 3 are ship* or wholly [ packing 27,600 lbs. ore. m, packers to now the ling S@8ic d has been it demard shipped easoD, and he sake of iprovement ,ce, it hav- nr farmers food than , owing and in year ago, i down to steady the Lbout Jan. no tG) 5.60 0.0036.25. 15 About the oaiddle of February it slackened, cloairg at 5.50^5 76, just about where it opened. Tbis season the market opened, Not. 16th, at 4.00Q4.26, but receded by Dec. 1st to 8.75, and closed for the year at 3.2033 35. Lard was steady for six months at about 10c, going in July and August to 9c, in Sep- tember and Octob'^r to 8ic, and in December to 7io. Sagar cured bams were pretty steady till Sept. Ist at an average of about lOo, since which they have ranged at 9391^0. The following table exhibits the current rates for mesa pork in Detroit market twice a month for the year 1860 : January let - - • 15 00 "lath . . . ItiOO February Ist ■ H 00® 16 60 " 15tii - 16 0v,@16 bO March 1st - • • 16 00(a)16 50 • loth - ■ 16 00@16 60 AprUlst . - . - l«'5j) " (&th - - - - 16 60 Mayl»t 16 SO "16th - - ■ - 16 60 Juael» - - 15 00(^16 00 • 16th ■ - 15 00@15 60 July 1st - - • " loth • ■ An.;u8t Ist . " loth • - B'titflmbsrlit- " 16th - October Isc - • " loth . NoTember 1st 15th Deoemlxr Ut- 3Jth 16 00®16 GO •. ■ 16 60 14 0^®15 00 14 (J0@15 00 14 10® 14 50 14 00@14 60 14 00®14 50 - ■ 14 50 • • • 14 60 - . 12 1)0 10 00(911 00 ... 10 CO ATERiOB PBIOB OF UB9SP0RK III DBTHOIT r JS SIX TIAHJ. 1856 - ■ • ■ ■ $18 75 1857 - • - - • - 2a 00 1858 16 25 1859 16 87 1860 • - - - • 17 90 1881 . . • - - . 14 90 Of beeves about 2,290 havu boon packeil this fall, n(>arly all for the army. The opera- tions of the Messrs. Bigley comprise all that is done in this line, except a few straggling parcels. The price of beef was nominal most of the year at 8.60O9.00, closing at 8.00. Battert The receipts of butter, and the sources of supply, hnve, t /is year, been as follows : By M. 0. R. R.. lbs. .... 1,942.297 UyDaadM. B,&,lbs. • * - l,14t),131 By O. and T. R. R. lbs - • ' 161035 By G. W. R'Wy, lbs • - " • 3 061 By G. T. K'w'y, iDa. . - . • . 6B'3y8 From Canadian parts, lbs, • • • 13,6:0 Total, 3,327.07^ .lanaary, lbs. February, ItiB. March, lbs. Aurll. lbs. • May, lbs, June, lbs, • MONTHLY SHIPUaSTS JfOH TBB TK^B. July, IbB. August, lb?, tieutcmber. lbs. - October, lb?. 158,823 1J1,975 li!9 9'Jti 113 m 213,1)96 29i,5(i5 November, los. December, lbs. 146,837 80,607 292,4J6 61(',2(I3 S«f),89l 3^,104 A very large quantity of batter has been m^de in Michigan in 1861, and the price has fluctuated considerable during the summer and fall. In June prime roll butter was sold as low as seven or eight cents per peuud, and bnyers could scarcely bo found even at that price. Since that month there has been a gradual improvement in the price, on the 20th of December prime roll sold in a small way at 12ic, and ordinary flrkia at from 7 to 10 cents per pound. The principal error ii the manufacture of butter In this Btateis the neg- lect of pressing out and separating the butter, milk from the butter, and thG causes the article tu become rancid and discolored, and unfit for use much sooner than if suflScient care was exercised in tiie process of manufac- ture. A great deal of excellent butter is made in (he State, but it must be admitted that many farmers are too careless in the manu- facture of this important article. The greater part of the butter purchased in the Detroit market is sent to New York ; a portion is sent to the Upper Peninsula, and this year a new market has been opened by our enterprising merchants, who have shipped large qaanti* ties to Liverpool. During the fall, and up to this period, large shipments have been constantly pressing for- ward from all leading Western points. The New York market is dull, but a good outlet is found in the foreign demand. The following exhibits the current range for firkin and roll bulter twice a month da- ring the past year: July Ist 7& 8 Juiy 15th 6i March 1st 10®12>i March 15th 10®13 Aprillst 12®14 April 16th 12® 14 May 1st 11®14 May 15th 11®14 Juue 1st 9®11 JoiylSth 8®10 AVBRiOl FMOB OF BUTTBB FOR SIX 7BAR3. im ........ 18a 1857 -.•---.- . I8>j 1859 ..■•-■... 15 186J .-•.--.,. iiv 1881 ....-.-.. 10^ Potatoei* The potato crop of 1861 was large in tbis State, and pro?ri3ed well until the heavy rains of the fa^,^ d«)Ius;ed the fields and caused the stems and nbers to rot rapidly. From the protracted drought of the summer and early fall, the soil was exceedingly dry, and when suddenly saturated with water, it be- came so warm that tender vegetables could not resist tkc fermentation which' took place and decayed rapidly. It is well known thU the rot is most destructive when great heat succeeds heavy rain, and it was doubtless this combination which, in a great measure, caused the destruction of the crop last fall. Tho Neshannocks appear to have received more damage this year than any other variety of potato, and as thi9 has been the case id- most every year that the rot has made lis ap- pearance, larmurs may blame themselves if they plant sufL » tender variety. The potato crop of Michigan is generally of superior quali- ty, and large quantities are exported to meet tue demand in less favored States. Exportation generally ceases when the rot is prevalent, as buyers don't wish to incur the risk on 16 maklDg iDTeBtments In bo perishable an artl cle as potatoes tainted with disease. It has been remarked this year that potatoes which were planted eariy did not receive mnch damase from the rot, while the late crop was entirely destroyed, and as this fact ban at- tracted attention in previous years, it is well worthy the attention of farmers. Early po- tatoes are generally superior to laie kinds and the early planted crop ranch more profit- able than that which is late. The price of potatoes ranged low in the eariy part of the fbll, but when it was discovered that the bulk of the crop had been swept away an advance took place, which has been sustained up to to thepres nt, and it is probible that sound potatoes will commar d a high price in Spring. The fnHowins will sbow the current rates for poU'o«';^ i our market semi mo tbl> du- ring the i>.ist year : Jan. Ist. l^^f. teh. 1st .^2@26 feb-loth ^'^©35 Khkb.;- 2o«f Aprlllst »7®26 April 15tti "®ab Mavl^'. • li@^ May '5th : '3®26 JuneUt 26^50 unelStJD 15@26 JolyUt l''@25 Juiy 16ib 2n®83 AU-. l^t 25®35 \ng. lolh , . . ii0®38 Sept.. l«t..... 26@30 rit/virg table oshHii-rt ilio aiukft price of fl'ip C01 » meal fro u .''iiiv :iemi m'>iiih- ly diirirt', Ibrt j^av: 87K Julv in. 76®80 87X Ju'y 15th 87H Aun. l^t 87K Auk. 15;h 87K 8 p. iRt 87H »ep. loth Oct. 1st Oct. 15 b Nov. iRt 85®y0 Nov, loth 75@'0 mc. lat 806*85 Dec. 15th ......80®&5 Jan. tst... Ja-.ai Feb. 1*... P b, 151*-,. March l»^ March 15lh Aplll fl^ \bri 16ih ^ May loth »0 Junelst 85@fl0 June IBth 90 Avora e prise, 83^c Hay. The crop of 1861 was an average one, although the long drought had an unfavorflble efiFect on the old meadowsin several parts of the State. The early meadows were good and the product has heen harvested in excellent condition, which is a matter of great importance, one ton of good hay heingof more value for forage than two or three of bad. A considerable quantity of Hungarian erasB has been raised in various parts of the State, and this coarse hay has been substituted for Timothy by many of our farmers, 'ihe season has been so favorable for harvesing corn stalks that a large quantity of this fodder has been se- cured by which means farmers have been ena- bled to supply the market with hay at a moderate price. 'Ihe shortness and deficiency of the oat straw will probably cause a demand for hay in the spring. About 10,000 tons have been received in this city during the past year by teams, steam- boats and railroads, the principal part by teams. A considerable quaatity of pressed hay is annu- ally fchipped from Detroit to the Lake Superior Country, the demand from that locality has not been very large during the past season. The number of loads weighed at the Western market the past year, have been as follows : Doub'e teams . • . . 3.78S Slnglite.ima, . • . • - S,ouO Total, - ... 4,788 Estimated at 3,400 tons, price from 97 to 811 per ton. The number of loads weighed at the eastern market was : Dauhle teams, Single teams. 1.171 a.902 Total, . - . . r 4.078 Estimated at 3 000 tons Daring the spring months the price at this market varied from 97 to 910 per ton In summer from 96 to $9, and in the Fall'fro3i97to911. Fish. The superior fish, found in such profasion In our noble lakes and rivers, while afford- ing a highly-prized luxury for current con- sumption, constitute one of our leading arti- cles of export, and are justly regarded as coDstituling oi:e of our most important inter- ests, present and prospective. It has been estimated by those quite cocapetent to form an opinion, that the value of our yearly catch of fi^h is greater than that of the aggregate taken in fresh water in all the other States of the Union. This may at first seem like a broad assertion, but it is no doubt strictly within boundg, and we may add w iih truth that on the score of quality, the superiority of our flnny tribes is as strongly marked as it is with regard to quantity. It is only in pure waters, such as lave the shores of Mich- igau, that l^esh water flsh are found of flavor so unexceptionaWe as to gratify an Epi- curean tasto, or raise them to the position of a staple of commerco. Fish posHcss some very peculiar qualities to commend them, in- dependent of the arbitrary preference of con- sumers, being esteemed a most healthful and nutritious food. The gradual diminution of the species by the inroads of civilization, and the import- ance of providii:e, so far as ma. be, means to remedy the < vil, has for many years attract- ed more or less attention It is a source of great regret that measures calculated to pre- Eei've the stock from wholesale destruciion have not found a greater nnmber of advocates, particularly among our law- givers. In this regard we a e ashamed to confess that our State is far behind Canada, where a number of wise legal provisions have been in force for some time, Cue of which prohibits the use of the murder- ous pound nets which are so rapidly thinning oat the stock ; another regulates the nets in B'lch way as to insure the escape of the young fi^h. The utter disregard on our part of a provision so obvifusly salutary as tbelist " ty haa not I. le Westem lows : 2.788 - S.0UO 4,788 i 97 to 811 the eastern 1.171 - a.9oa 4.078 :the spring I from $7 to $9, and in i profaMon >ilo afiford- irrent con- adlDg arti- egarded as rtant inter- t baa been mt to form 'oarly catch aggregate tber States icem like a ubt strictly W ith tratb saporiority marked as '8 only in PS of Mich- nd of flavor 7 an Spi' position of )SHes3 some d them, in- lEce of con- altbfal and species by the import- le, means to Eirs attract- source of itcd to pre- destruciioD nomber of our law- e ashamed far behind wise Ifgal some time, ,he mnrder- lly thinning the nets in >f the young ir part of a as tbo 1 vSt 17 uamel, betrays a degree of recklessness al- most h(tpeleB«. An unsncoeBsful effort was made at the last session of the Legishture to procure tha enactment of a law to prohibit the taking of fl«h during the three summer months. Such a provision would have sared to the lakes some 6,000 to 8,000 barrels year- ly. The operation of the pound or trap net is peculiarly destructive, particularly lo white fish, which run In regular rounds, and there* by expose thmselves to being entrapped en maase, leavine noue to perpetuate the species. The system will hive the inevitable effect in a few years, to render the flshories almost valueless, thereby extinguishing a very im- portant element of wealth, besides robbing our State of no small share of the peculiar in- terest chat attaches to her,aside from a strict- ly money-wise consideration. We have laws on our statute books for the protectior of game, which is strictly proper, but the \ e- servation of fish, is infinitely more necessary, a source of Incalculable wealth for future gen- erations bping at stake. The pressure of the times has been severe- ly felt by the fishing interest during the past year. Last year, although the market was generally dull, considerable buoyancy pre- vailed in the fall, oiving to an unexpected de- mand for New York and Pennsylvania, but this year the stagnation has been unrelieved rom first to last. Accounts from the various^fishing grounds represent a general diminutisn ^in thn catch this year. The exceptions are so very few as to be quite unimportant. In some localities where operations were con- ducted, they almost entirely failed, and in others, where the u ual degree of activity might perhaps have been crowned with suc- cess, no effort was made because there was no market. Thus this important trade, in which two years ago we figured up a capital of $262,000 advantageously, invested in fixtures, has, so far as the operations of 1861 has been concerned, has proved but little better than a complete failure. On Detroit river, where last year an in- crease of twelve to twenty per cent, was re- ported over 1859, nearly an average catch has been secured this year, but the amount pack- ed has been very light. An increased amount has been sold fresh and forwarded to thd interior. When the price fell to $3.60® $4.00 per hundred, a large number of teams were regularly employ^ in hauling fish to the interior, which proved a very remunera- tive business. We present estimates of the catch this year at most of the various grounds, using the re- turns of 1859 for a comparison, not having procured authentic estimates last year. The 7,803 10,BGe LMN) 3,000 o.m 7.8(M 76U 1,200 3,000 S.00O a.oou 6.000 3,100 6.000 1,600 u.suu 20J «00 3,300 SflO B.6UU 3.ti00 7600 7,000 SiO 16000 2^:^ 7.01)0 10 0011 oatcb about Bandnsky and Toledo is mostly soli fresh. Maumee River and Sandiuky flsberiet. . . . Maamite Ba' aad Monroe county. Mloh , Detroit, River Bi. OUIr River and Rapid* Port Huron to Point aoz Barque An Sanble (operations suspended early.) Tnnnder Bay and vtomtty above Sanble River, inoIudloB Sasar Island, Ac., 8a«tLa«Bay ana River TawasBay Between Tnunder Bay and Mackinac, k- cludlDg Hammond's Bay , Maoklnao. inoludloR all brooKht there. . Reaver Island and neiRhborhood Between DeTour and the Bant East Onastof Lake Michigan.. Oreen Bay.bjth Wlsoonsln and MlotiiKan Total 66,^60 88.100 The estimates for the Q^een Bay region in- clude the whole country extending south about fifty miles of Qreen Bay, comprising the fisheries of our enterprising fellow-citi- zen, 7'>hn P. Clark, Esq., whose operations ha 'e . j^n quite successful. A number of 6 .all fisheries have lately been abandoned, naving been started by men who endeavored to gain a livellbood by fishing, but were nn* successful. The fisheries on both shores of Lake Michigan have gained very rapiiily in importance within the past four or five years. From Mr. 'Jlark's fisheries to Milwaukee, the business is prosecuted with gill nets and seines, and the whole amount taken will probably not exceed 1,600 barrels, which is to be added to the amount arrived at in the above statement. There is now no inspection law in force in this State. The stock now on hand in this city is es- timated at 4,000 barrels, about half of the amount held here a year ago. The aggre- gate amount received by Detroit dealers dur- ing the year is equal to 9,464 bbls. We learn on good authority that the stock in Cleveland at present oonsists of about 4,600 barrels. In Toledo there is oaly a light stock, probably six or eight hundred halves. It is not at all probable 'Jiat the market will assume a better tone the earning year unless the war should come to an end. In that event, new life would be iufsued into the trade, in common with other branches of business. Prices may depend somewhat on those ruling for mackerel. Pork will be low, which will have some infiuence in keeping down prices. The following table exhibits the current rates for half barrels of white-fish semi-month- ly during the year : Jan. Ist 4 00 Jan. loth 8 75 Feb. Ist 3 75 Feb. 15ih 4 00 March 1st 4 00 March 15lh 4 03 April 1st 4 00 April l&th 3 76 May 1st 3 76 July Ut 3 00 July 16th irs Aug. lat 2 75 AUR. leth i 75 S'p. Ist 2 rs Sep, 16th 2 7i Oct. 1st. 3 75 Oct. leth a 7S Nov. i8t a li 18 M»ymb 3 87K JnneUt »i6 Jane 16th 8 00 Not. 16th 2 76 Dec. lot a 76 Deo. 16tb 2 76 lilTC Btocki '■■■ Althoagh Michigan ia not a pr^ri« State, it* BMturea are wellM<^P^'<' f<>' ^^^ raiaingland fatten- £g of oattle, in fact, the excellence of the grata-fed ibeefofthe State ia attracting attention in the •aatem marketa, and when once farmera have learned to rednce the feeding of atock to a regnlar jyatem, instead of the irregular plana followed at preaent, there ia no doubt but immenae quantitiea of auperior beef will be exported from Michigan. The communication with the eaatem marketa and the ffoat important aeaporta on the Atlantio coaat, ia now ao perfect that beef can be exported at any seaaon when there ia a remunerative demand for the article. The live atock markets of Michigan are gener- ally regulated by those of the Eastern l^tatea. Sometimea the Miroral Begionaof the Upper Pen- inaula produce a local demand independent of the state of the New York market. In January and February, 1861, the price of ahipping oattle waa about 93 per owt. live weight. In march and April it ranged from 3 to 9H per owt. From the lat of May until the middle of June, the price ad- vanced from $3i to $4 per owt., and continued at that figure for about three weeks. About the middle of June the price again declined, and on the .Ist of July, first class cattle were bought at 93i per owt. Alter tbia date first class stock be- came aoarce, so that, although the class nominally remained, the quality of the stock was not so good as at an earlier period of the season, and inferior animals were brougbt forward to supply the de- mand. From the first cf July nearly ail the fir.-t class stock that could be procui'ed in the Petroit market were shipped to Lake Superior. Largo, coarse, old oxen or cows being in demand for that market, as the buyers there are not particular about quality, and if the animal is fut, they don't oare mu^h bow old it ia. In the eastern marketa tbe case ia difierent, the buyers there looking to the quality of the beef, and rejecting old cattle. The tieight of cattle to Lake Superior is so much per head, ao that a ateer weighing eight hundred ponnda, costs as much for transportaiion as an ox weighing twice as much. During the time that navigation remains open, there is generally a steady demand for beef from tbe Mineral Regions, but this was considerably interrupted this year, by several ef the mines suspending operations tem- porarily. The recplpfs of cattle and bogs for the year are— * * / ' .»..«« r. Cattle. How. ByM.O.R. R. - - . 57^51 »3.m ByD. &M. RR, - ■ 1,884 7,023 By D. & T H. R • - • 11,908 28,840 Bf G. T. R. - . . 40 116 By Lake, .... i4s 175 ^o*'*. ,.-...• • • 71.6?1 12».<56 Received in ISOa • - - 70,866 61.600 The shipments are — CaMle. Hors. Thro' by M. C. B. R. ft G. W. B. 65,946 86,113 M. •). R. R. andL»k«, 990 9«7 " M R RandG. T.R. us .jib D. AT.R. R.ftU. W.R. 11,6158 19,433 Local by G. T. B. - - - 162 Total - . . . i 68,874 110,059 Cattle not purchased for shipping, but for aap< plying the local demand of tbe Detroit market ranged from two to four dollara 1 er owt. from th» 1ft of January ttf the middle of June. From the latter date to the 1st of January, 1862, the priea of the same description of stock ranged from 91 fiO to 93 00 live weight. The price of beef generally advanoea from the middle of December to the firat of June, and from the latter date to the former it naually declines. The advance ia caused by the want of paature da- ring the winter, and the increased expense of feeding tbe stork on dry food. When our farmers adopt a system of rotation of crops, a great in- crease in the number of cattle fed in hia • tate may be expected, also an improvement in the quality of beof. The prosperity of tbe Britiah nirmer depends mainly on tbe turnip crop, for without it he could not feed large numbera of oat- tle and aheep, and bring them te the higheat atate of perfection, nor provide suitable manure for en- riching hia land. Wben our larmera grow large cropa of Buta Bagas, Ac, a great improvepent in fatatock wiU take place, r^i .^.^ ,, ^j ,j^^^ .- : Ji*- A large number of cattle pass through Detroit annually, on their way to the eastern markets, but until lately no sales of importance were efiected in this city. For the last three years a change has been taking place, and considerable sales have been effected in Detroit, principally at the cattle market established by Mr. Harvey King, on the Cass Farm. Lroverameet eastern buyers in this city, and large lots are shipped to Kew York and other places weekly. A large brick block has been erected by Mr. King thia year, on Grand Biver street, the upper stories of which will be fitted up as a Drover's Hotel, tbe lower parts will be rented for stores, and attached to this block is an extensive public slaughter house, for the ac- commodation of purchasers of stock who wish to pack beef, &o. This slaughter bouse has every fixture necessary for a first rate establishment of the kind, and is said to be superior to any in Gin- oinnati. It contains stalls and pens for the cattle sheep, and bogs which are brought to be slaugh- tored. Ihe apparatus for hoisting is of the best kind, and the arrangements for ensuring the most perfect cleanliness are unsurpassed. It ia proba- ble that this establishment will have a great ten- dency to increase the sales of live atock in tbia market, aa tbe waat of facilities of this kind pre- vented merchants from making investments in the packing of beef and pork, a business which bea been a great meana of building up Chicago and Cincinnati in wealth and importance We un- derstand that tbe purchase of the land for tbe cat- tle market and the erection of the various build- ings thereon, have cost $60,000. A great improvement has taken place in the live stoek of this State within tbe last ten years. The Durham's have been introduced extensively and crossed with the native oattle, by thia means, increasedjweight of caroas baa been obtained, and a diaposition to fatten readily. Large numb'^s of purely bred Durham'a are now in tbe hands of our farmers, and some superior herds have at- tracted much attention, antj carried off ao many prizes at State and County Fairs that a spirit of emulation has sprung up among our farmers which vrill produce important results. 10 it for lap* it market N from the From the the priee omtl 60 I from the end from 7 deolinef . ■iture da- xpcnse of or farmers great in- bis tate nt in the le British crop, for )er8 of oat- {hest state ire for en* (row large Tement in gh Tetroit Q markets, ire effected s a change sales have the cattle ng, on the 'ers in this York and block has . on Grand cb will be r parts will bis block is for the ao- rho wish to bos every lisbment of iny in Gin- r the cattle be slaugh- of the best g the most s is proba- great ten- ock in this B kind pre- lents in the which has tiioago and We un- br the cat- ous build- ice in the ten years, xtensively his means iined, and iumb< rs of e hands of Is have at- r so many a spirit of aers which Number of cattle disposed of in King's Cattle litrket : „. July..... m ,.lu«uit. UM BeDttmber, 1,109 gctoBer. l,B7tf November , 8,874 December, (00 Total .7^609 The large arrivals of cattle at this market du- ring the months of October and November, was occasioned by the demand for shipping to Lake Superior, Since the close of navigation, the sales of cattle at tbis market have somewhat aecreased, those which arrive there are mostly purchased by bntobers to supply the local demand. -*» Wool* ' ..r«'' - The wool clip of 1861 was large, asd th? farmers, judgiog by the prices of the few last years, expected to derite mnch benefit from the resalts of their iuvestments in the breeding of sheep, but the old adage, "There's many a slip between the cap and the lip, might be well applied in this case, for very few of thorn realized the ezpeotations which had been formed with sncb confidence. The bombardment of Fort Snmpter was the si ;• nal for speculators to open fire on the price of wool : and in this case the batteries con- tinned to play until the majority of farmers surrendered at discretion, and sold the fine clip of the present year at whatever price the buyers chose to offer. Some stubborn indl- ▼idualg, being unable to see a sufScient can e for the panic in the woor market, 'efasod to sell, and stored up their wool in order to wait for sometbiBgto turn up; and they have been Buccessfol in obtaining excellent prices, while their less fortunate [neighbors are be- wailing their own foolishness in throwing away the produce ot their fioclrs. It might have been reasonably expected that the dearth of cotton caused ;by the blockade of the Southern ports, would bring woollen fabrics into demand, and that the clothing of an immense number of soldiers and sailors would have a considerable effect in enhancing the prices of the raw material, from which their uniform and blankets are constructed. The receipts of wool daring the past year are as follows: ; , , BrM.O.R. R..lb8., '■ '. ' '• • . 2.846.130 ;; D. and M. R. R. . . . 1,764,724 *D. andT,R.R., . - - . 189,807 , • O. W. R'y, .... 6,972 iir'G.T.R'y, .... 66.8^8 " Uoaitwlie . . - , ia,700 from Oanadlan'ports, • 71,600 Byteami, .... 800.000 Pulled by tanners, . . 260.000 Total 5,458,831 The monthly receipts since the introduction of tlae new clip, compared with last season, are as follows : 1861. 4860. ^"•■- Jane, .... 48,958 628.430 ' . July, . . . 1,132,819 a,^81,lii3 Augost. . . . l,606,'J3a 173.686 '-- Bsntembsr, • . 781890 161.264 •Sii: October. • • • 680,670 78 605 November. - - 2OT,407 23,474 Decembei, Byteami, . ToUl. 146.S01 3oao.o 18 RIO 30O0OJ 4,988,673 4 210,323 Of the leceipts by teams only a small pro- portion is purchased in the street, the grest bulk of it consisting of stocks from Howell, Farmington, Milford, Plymoatb, Brighton, Nov!, &.C., &o., wasbronght here in wagons for shipment. The failure of the wheat crop, for several years in succession, compelled farmers to turn their attention to the breeding of cattle and sheep; and by this means they discovered that these branches of crural economy were much more profitable than the continaal exhaust- ing of the soil by raising numerous crops of grain without rotation or manure. The breed- ing of sheep has now obtained a basis io Michigan, which cannot be shaken over % the wonderful improvement in the wheat crop, which has been so evident for the past two years ; and farmers will be slow to part with their flocks, although many of them have been much discouraged by the low price of wool in the commencement of the past season. It is fully established that a large portion of Michigan is well adapted to the breeding of cheep, and there are now some excellent fiocks of French, Spanish, and Saxon Meri- nos ii different parts of the State. The in- crease of the papulation Las produced a de- mand for mutton, and to meet it, the Leices- ters and South Downs are being vap'dly in- troduced. The latter seem admirably adapt- ed to this clibate, they are perfectly hardy, yield an excellent quality of mutton, and a fleece which is very valuable in the manufac- ture of coarse fab'*'..:s. It is to be regretted that there are only a few woolen factories in Michigan, but ii is to be hoped that the expe- rience of the past year will encourage the proprietors of those which are already estab- lished to incicase their power, and induce others to invest their capital in this import* ant branch of manufacture. Farmers are beginning to be too careless about washing their sheep; indeed, the opinion is gaining ground among them that washing is a useless process, as the fleece will weigh more in an anwashed state. At all events many of them thing that there is noth- ing to be gained, but something ^to be lost, by the trouble and expense of washing. This la a mistake which should be at once correct- ed The manufacturers are becoming more and more particular about havUig the wool tikfij purchase washed, and we have been in- formed that several of them have instructed their agents in this State not to purchase un- washed wool except at a very low figure, and the consequence has been, that several farm- ers who neglected to wash their eheep, have been unable to dispose of their wo«l at any- thing like a remunerating price. 20 There la another practice which ii oreop* tog Into the State that will be %ery iDJariona If not checked in proper time ; we allade to the plfin of keeping the sheep anahorn' for a fortnight or more after they are watihed. During this time a large quantity of oii, or " greate" it lecreted in the wool, and the fleece isicaused to weigh heavier than it other* wise would, the uddltioaal weight being Sreaae and not wool. The manufacturers islike wool managed in this way, as they lose coDsiderably by it, and they have in- structed their agents to " look out for it." We understand that this practice was com- menced by the sheep breeders of Vermont shortly after the introduction of the Meri- noes by Consul Jarvis. The wool growers of '^(ermont being anxions to keep up the sensa- tien which the heavy fleeces of those ceIo< brated sheep produced, found that the weight ef Uie wool might be much increased by keeping the sheep unshorn for a lonqi time after being washed, and aibo by nibbing oil kito the fleec s a few day before shearing. The woolen manufacturers lost so much by the Vermont wool that they refused to pur- chase it for several seasons, and the " d ctor- tog" of the fleeces had to be abandoned. It should be borne in mind that before the wool is carded, or spun into yam or worsted it is alwars thoroughly cleansed firom every im* purity, and the unwashed and greasy wool loses so much daring this process that it doe<« not pay the manufacturer to deal in such an article. It is said that some of the best lots of wool in Michigan were objected to during the last season. We mention these facts for the purpose of calling the at- tention of farmers to the subject, and cautioning them against the practice of shearing without washing, or leaving the sheep too long unshorn after being washed. The farmers of Ohio manage i heir flocks well; they wash the sheep carefully, and shear as soon as the wool becomes sufficiently dry for that process, and the conseqnen ^e is that the eastern manufacturers are anxious to get Ohio wool, and are satisfied to pay three or four cents per pound more for it than for the same grade of wool from some other States. This is a matter of considerable importance, and it demands the serious attention of farmers. The manufacturers are anxious to put an end to the pructices we have men- tioned and will not fail to lay a heavy hand •n unwashed or greasy wool, and the old pro- verb "forewarned is forearmed," may be both applicable and serviceable in Ibe present in- stance. We have alluded to the fact that the break- ing out of the rebellion had the effect of fur- nishing excuses for lor/eHng the price of wool. Buyers were so tardy about investing their money in the article, that the flnest wool was In some oases disposed of at f^om 20 to 26o per lb. and sent to the Eastern States to be manufactured and sold to the Qovernment for clothing for the volunteers, many of which MicMgan furnished for the war. There are woolen factories at Battle Greek, JonesviUd, Monrce, Pontiao, Ann Arbor and St. OlaJri but these don't seem to be suffloieDtly patron- ized by the merchants and farmers of Miohl- gan. There can be no doubt but the city ef Detroit would be an admirable site for an ex- tensive woolen factory, and this matter should be kept before the public and brought for- ward in every possible way. If all the cloth- ing and blankets required by the Alidiigan trojps oould have been manufactured hi Detroit, or hi any other part of Michigan, a vast sum would be kept in the State, and an amount of employment given which would be of incalculable benefit to thousands of the working population. It is said that the ex- pense of running a cotton or woolen factory in Detroit would not be much more than hau what it is in any of the Eastern States. In the whiter of 1860 pelts were scarce, as many sheep were not slaughtered, and as there was not much speculation, the price was low. Sheep were well cared for throrgb the winter, ^d they produced good fleeces at shearing time. The clip this sossoa amounts to ly the local demand In the Inland cities and ?il* agee. : c.-i '.-; >• . ji-ff m-- • ;< , , -^ ■««•• The trade In eggs has been brisk this year, large quantities having been l>rought to the city by teams ftcm the neighboring counties, and hj railroad from those more distant. Oakland, Wayne, and Washtenaw, contribute more to the Detroit market than any other counties. A con- siderable portion of the eggs received by the Mich- igan Central and Detroit and Milwaukee railroads comi from Illinois and Wisconsin. The shipments fh>m Detroit are generally to Boston and New Tork, and also to the Lake Superior country. Peacheit Peaches failed in Michigan last season, with the exception of those in the vicinity of St. Joseph, Berrien county, where fiidlure is unknown. A large quantity of peaches were imported from Ohfo during the past season, and distributed through the State from Detroit. The peaches of Berrien county generally find a market in lUinolfl and Wisconsin. An immense quantity has been produced by the peach orcharos of St. J v>8eph during the past season. Frelffhta* The flnctaatiODS in the rates of eastern- bonnd freight may be seen by the following table of rates between Detroit and New York. Daring the season of navigation, the flgnres refer to rates by lake and rail : Flour. 4tbOIa«s ...110 6S July l9t. Jan. 16th 1 10 5S Jaly 16th... Feb. lat 110 68 Axtg. 1st.. Feb. ieth....llO 68 AuK.16th. March l8t....l 10 68 Sep, ' March] 6th. AprUlnt. __. l8t .1 10 68 Sep. 15th. April 15th ... Ma] Oot.lBt 100 Oct. 16th ' "" Nov. iBt. Ilonr.lthOlasa 66........83X 61.... ....80 60.... ....80 60.... ....30 65.... ....saji 70.... ...86 1 00.... ...M 1 SO.... ....60 1 30.,.. ..66 90 47 75 88 ..fay Ist 75 88 , . „ Mayl6»h 76 38 Nov. 15th... 1 80 Janelrt 70 33 Dec. 3d....l 60 75 June 16th.... 70 35 Dec. 16th..l 60 76 The rates to Boston are always 10 cents higber on flour than to New York. OHr manufactures. Coal on. Tbie oil has now assumed am important po- sition in the commerce of the ceantry, being extensively used in almost every part of the Union It has bad already considerable effect on the price of wbale oil, so mush so indeed, thRt whaliDiK has become an unprofltable business, and the ships heretofore employed in capturing the monarcbs of the flnny tribe, lie rotting at their wharves, or are used for obstructing the harbors of the rebellious South. The absence ef demand for lard oil has had an unfarorable influence en the price of pork, and contribute'^' to bring it down to the pvesflnt low rale, 'xae price of whisky has alnp been effected ty it, both whisky and lard having been used extensively in combi- nation with spirits of turpentine in the manu- facture of burning fluid. It was at first thought that this cil could not be made suflB- ciently cheap to compete with other oils, and the failure of several companies engaged in its ihanufacture, «eemed to justify that sup- position, but perseverance is generally re- warded with succiBS, and this manufacture is new carried on successfully not only in Penn- sylvania but in Michigan, and as an illuminat- ing material it is rapidly gaining favor, greet numbers of lamps suited for consuming it, being now disposed of in every city and village in the State. The average yield ot crude oil is said to be nearly 60 galloas per ton of coal, and the co&i. for making is about five cents per gallon. The princifial expense in the manufacture is in the process of of refinin?, about sixty per cent of the crude oil remaiLiug after that operation. Of conr8e the luanuiaciure can be most prof- itably carried near eil wells, or oil bearing minerals, but Detroit possesses so many ad- vantages tf communication mt\ various places that it a first rate site for reflneiies. Pttroleum is now finding a market in Eng- land, and an analysis of it by London Chem- ists shows that one hundred parts of it con- flist of: LlRhtNRptha 30 Heavy Naptba 60 Heavy Lubricating Oi' 2*j I'ar 6 Carbon 1 Loss 2 193 The present wholesale price of refined petroleum in JJ^ngland is three Bbillings British per American gallon, and the price of unre- fined is one shilling. It is probable that the price of the crude oil will advance, the mar- gin for the refiners beiog at present too great. It is probable that aoucdance of coal and rock oil exists in Michigan awaiting dis- covery and development. 1 here is no daEger of the refined oil tiecomios adrag in the mar- ket, as af(er supplying the home demand the surplus will always find a ready market in England. Shipments of petroleum are now being made from New York to the West Indies, acd one vessel lately took out 27,000 gallons of this oil to Melboarne, Australia. 22 At the time of 'xaking our last annual re- port there was only one oil refinery in opera- tion in Detroit ; now there are five, as fol- lows: J. F. Harmon A Co., 3 s;ill8 P'jduce Si barrels per dar. A. BartlflA Co.,- 2. " ^ " 20 " •• " Hard'OK, 2 " " 83 Jai!.Fiiher 2 " " 2S " " '• E. Delaney t Bro., 2 " "20 " " " The average production of the above five refineries is 100 barrels per day, wh^ch could be nearly doubled by running night and day. The quantity refined in Detroit within the last year will amount to about $^450,000 ; the quantity sold will greatly exceed that amount, as there are numerous agencies for Eastern manufacturers, the sales of which are very nearly equal to the quantity manufactured here. The total amount of petroleum oils sold in Detroit will exceed $800,000. There is every probability that before another year the manufacturers of Detroit will be able to supply a suflScient quantity of oil to meet the demands of the State. The crude oil which is refined in Detroit is brought from Pennsylvania, as it is found to be so much easier to deodorize than the Gan- adi&D, or Inniskillen petroleum, that manu- facturers prefer to send some two hundred or three hundred miles for the crude Pennsylva- nia oil, in preference to using that which is at oar doors, comparatively speaking. The great difilcnlty with regard to the Canadian oil is its intolerable odor, making the cost of deodorizing so great that virtually there is none of it refined in any of the West- ern States. As yet, no cheap method has been discovered for deodorizing the InniS' killen oil, and until some cheaper method o dtwdoriziog it is discovered than that usually adopted, there is little cbance of the Canadi- an petroleum being made available for the American market. T e ■ ii produc 6 ii Djtrcit is equal to that produced i ?i any ottier market, and as the manufaciurers find it to their interests to produce a supeiior article, the public may rost assnred that the Detrtit manufacturers will maiatftia their present enviable ^rcputa- tion. In tho diiii lation of Pennsj>dDia Pe- troleum there is a largo quantity of naptha produced. Lately naptha , has been coSi^id- erabiy csed iastead of turpentine f r mixing with piiaters' ink, peints, var^ishis, &c., &c. The article as sold in Detroit is very inferi()r, as it is sold wiihsnt being iu tie least putifled or deodorized. The consequence i3, that instead of taking tho place of turpen- tine for all purposes, it has only been us d for coarse painting and outside work. With a little care it can be deodorised com- plotely.when it in limpid as water and as tree from Oder as alcohol deodorized, it enters ex- 28 al re* opera- 18 fol- per da7i e five conld d day. D the 0; the mount, Sastern very ictnred oils There Br year Eible to eet the iensivelj into commerce as bcnzoine, mush used for removiDg dirt, grease, tar, paint, .t&o. from dotbing, and as a solvent for In- dia rubber, gutia perch», shellac, capal, &>c. We hope that our oil refiners will see that it is to their adTantage to purify and deodor- ize the captha before it is put on the market. When tbat is the case there will be no diffi- culty in the use of it in place of turpentine, as the chemical constituents are the same on- ly in varying proportions. The oil trade of Detroit is yet in its infancy. before another year tbe qaanuiy produced in Detroit wiil be doubled and may be trebled. The use of petroleu n oil is becoming uni- versal, as it is cheaper by one hundred per cent, than any illumiaating agent yet discov- ered. Tbe value of the oil lofiaed in Detroit within the last year tvas abjut $150,000— a very re epectabie item of our domestic manufactures. Chemical IVorka' DB. S. F. DUFFiELD, FKOPRIETOB. Chemical manufacturing, as a branch of business, has been entirely neglected i" Mich- igan till witbin tbo last year, when Dr. Duf- field commenced the manufacture of cherai- oals, as a regular branch ot business, at his Chemical Works, iu the upper part of the city. We believo that the Doctor's works are the first devoyod wholly to the manutacturing of chemicsls in the State of Michigan. Tbere is no business that pro- flents such inducements to tiie ecientido :aiaa and capitalists as manufacturing chamicals. Since ine passage of tb^ Morrill tariff there has been exuaordinary Inducements to un- dertake tbe maiaficcuring of chemical j on a large scale, as a duty of 80 j>er cent, on an average has been levied, on most of tbe chemi- cals wttich have heretofore been imported. No city in tbe wost pos3e:j3es half of the natural advantages uf Djoruit for ttie prose- cution of that and simiUr branches of mauu- fa<.''Unng, and it argues well f jr tbe Doc'gor that he nad lae ei orgy and sagacity to intro- duce d new branch of manur'acturing in our midst, and one from wuicb there is iikoly to flow so many solid advaniages to the city and State. Theie is our vast deposits of miuerals, earths, salt welis, ochre.", &'j., all nqdring the mi ad and labor of the chemist lo render them suiiable for our dooicstic wauts, or as article > of moichaudise. There is seat an- nually from Ddtroit ovor $200,000 to pay for chemicils alone; wo hope that amount, or the greater part of it will be retained In ibo city. The Doctor is now manufacturing fine chemicals lor medicinal tind photographical purposes, and to those connected with the business we would only say, patronise uome industry ; you will get articles equal t) any manufactured tast, and same time, transpor- tation, exchange, packages, and risks, and encdurage home, manufacture, thereby helping yourselves, the Doctor, the city and State. Shaw's Eds* Tool Worka« Were establshed within the | year by Mr. Shaw, at the Novelty Works. Mr. Shaw has turned out a large amount of work for the gov- ernment contractors of cavalry equipments. His work has been equal to any made east, and remai'kable for the high finish and fine workmanlike manner in which it was gotten up. We understand that Mr. Shaw will fur* nish the lance blades for the Lancers. Such works as Mr. Qb'wr has established were much nee ed io Detroit, and it is grati- fying to know that Mr. Shaw has been so eminently successful in establishing a new branch of business ; it is only another illus- tration of the beueflts which will flow from the ■' Morrill Tarifi." In the iron trade there is the greatest activity pr^ailing,the importa- tion of the coaisar grades cf manufactured kon has almost ceased, and it will net be long before there are "ACtories enough starred to mana- facturs flaer grades also, there is no business more prosoerous or more likely to remain so than the irun interests of Michigan, and no investment can be made where the profits are better or more certain. Within the last tea years parties in Detroit have made great and successful efforts to have tiew and indespensible branches of man- ufacturing started in this city, and to their enterprisi) and intelligence the city is at present indebted for the proud position which her manufactured articles have acquired wherever they have been introduced. Detroit owes much to her natural position and re- sources, but she owes more to tbe intelligence and and energy of her population. Her manu- factories were not started to enhance the valae of property or from speculative mo- tives, they were the slow growth of the ne- cessities of her people, and consequently they are on a healthy and permanent basis, ?is yet they are in their infancy, and far be- hind the necessities of the city or require* ments of the State, but the time is camiig— and if unfortunately there should be war with England — ihe lima is not far distant when this country will have to rely on its domestic resou ces, and the very first thing towards making it independant of foreign governments, is to manufacture sufficiently Jor the wants of its iahabiteuts. MTool aud IVooleu Factorlcst The amount of wool produced in Michigan within the last year was ove 3,500,000 lbs., — the amount of which manufactured in Michigan did not exceed 260^000 pounds, 24 : leaving two and three million pounds seneen a very important biranoh of the trade of Detroit and it is now eatab)';jhed on a firm basis, and attracts buy- ers fronii almost every part of the Union. It is not an extraordinary ciroumstanoe that the tan- t.i ies oiDetroit have grows from a small beginning to their present magnitude and importance, for the nnmerons facilities and conveniences which th's city possesses in the shape of navigation and railroads, cheap fuel, abundant urater, and plenty of skilled or unskilled labor, renders it an excel- lent site for factories of every kind, and the wonder is not th^t those which have been estab- lished are saoeessfnl, but that factories of several kinds have not sprung up in this favored locality. There are about sixteen tanneries and morocco fac- tories in the city, and nearly all of tham have been at fall work during the past year, a ciroum- stanoe which has contributed,mat«rially to the pro* perity of the city, by giving employment to a great number of hands, and causing n brisk demand for hides, skins and pelts. The gcod quality of the leather manufactured in Detroit has attracted bnyersfrom the Eastern States and Canada, and the I>ook8 of the different Railroads show that a large quantity of leather has been distributed from this point daring the year which has just termi- nated;]and as the manufacture of boots and shoes is now'oarried on extensively in this city, much of the leather made here fines a local market. From present appearanceiS it seems probable that Detroit will soon become the emporium of ,the leather manufacture, and also of the boot and shoe trade for all the Western States. There are now about 1,500 shoemakers employed in tha city, and the work furnished byour dealers.from Detroit leather, is fully equal to the best produced in the East. Mr. Eldred's tannery is situated on the river side about one-fourth of a mile below the depot of the Michigan Central Railroad. It is a large brick building, built expressly for a tannery, and containing all the modem improvements, ^ the machinery being driven by an engine of thirty- five horse power. .About 16,000 hides have been tanned in this establishment during the pn«t year. Twenty-five hands are kept in constant employ- ment. Tho leather manufactured in this tannery is all shipped to Boston and Hartford. The hides are all purchased in Michigan, being obtained from various parts of the State, chiefly from places on the different railroad lines. Uemlock bark is used. This is procured from the shores of Lake Huron and other places. • It is purchased by the cord, like firo-wood, and piled up in large ricks to be used when required. Before being used in the process of tanning, it is ground in u. £teol mill and reduced to a coarse, granular state; it is then steeped in large vats for the purpose of extracting its astringent properties. For heavy hides a T 25 H strong solution of bark is required, for light hides and skins weaker liquor is found to answer. The drying room of this tannery contains accommoda- tion for drying 1,600 hides at one time ; it is 100 feet in length by 40 in breadth, and the requisite degree of temperature is procured by an arrange- ment of steam pipe 4, which are so disposed that an uniform heat is diffused through every part of the room. A large quantity of heavy belting leather has been manufactured at this tannery during the past year, also a portion of a lighter quality. -. The establishmentof Oroul & Brothers is situat- ed on the river sido near the mouth of the little rivulet known as Bloody Run. It is one hundred and ten feet long and fifty feet wide, with an engine house 36 H 18. The leather manufactured in this tannery generally find a market in Detroit, and is finished before it is sent out of the estab- lishment. The fir ja have an office on the comer of Bates and Woodbridge streets, in which place their business is principally transacted. During the past year they have tanned 10,000 hides, 4,000 calf skins, and 16,000 sheep skins. About 36,006 lbs of wool have been puUed from the latter this season. We have not space to enter into a description of all the tanners in the city. They have nearly all been at full work during the past season, and a very large amount of leather has been manufac- tured. A considerable portion of it has been re- quired for supplying shoes to the volunteers, and harness, saddles, and other equipments to the artillery, cavalry, and wagon train. Notwith- standing the brisk demand for leather which sprung up last Summer and Fall, the prices of the article has been lower than last year. The price of harness leather in 1860 being 28o per lb, and in 1861, 25o. The highest price of kip in 1860 was 66c per lb; in 1861 the highest was 60c. Upper leather per dozen sold for $36 in 1860, and in 1861 for $30. The price of hides during the past year has been low, averaging for green hides about 4c fer lb, being about To per lb lower than lasr year, n January the price of hides opened at 4|o per lb, in March it advanced to 6o. In May, Juno, July and August, it receded to 3o per lb. In October and November the price was 4o per lb, and in December 6o There is an extensive tannery at Ann Arbor belonging to Weil & Brother. This firm pur- chase a great number of hides, skins and pelts, and manufacture a large quantity of leather. They havo a store for the sale of leather, &(:., in connection wiih the tannery, andh^ ve also branch stores in Chicago and New York, for the purchase of hides, &ower. The all liindsof 27 i stoTea, and employ about twenty men, mostly praotioal stovo-moulders. They ase Lake Superior Iron with a mixture of Scotch. The foundry buildings are o^ brick,' and the whole conce'n has the appearance of permanency and thrift which give earnest of success. We have been informed that their stove plate is vastly superior to that manufactured at the East, being much stronger and of better material. Such establishments as this should be encouraged by our citizens and patronized in every possible way. There is a great advantage in purchasing stoves at this foundry, as the models are always on hand, and if any part becomes broken, or out of order, it can be at once repaired at the foundry. Ganson & Co. invite the public to inspect their lactory and see what can be done in Detroit. Cooi~'erage* Light cooperage has been duller than last year, owing to the limited demand for apples and pota- toes; still the trade may be called fair. To- wards winter barrels for packing beef were so scarce that the maiket for beeves became actually depressed in consequence. They are now 31-12}, against 90c@1.00 a year ago. Flour barrels 25 (930o, against 30(S35o a year ago. Tbe Copper Interest of MiohlKan* Thic great interest of Michigan was first broaght into public notice by tbe enormoas speculations and the mad fever of 1845. The large spar of coantry which projects far oat into the lake, having its base resting on a l>ne drawn across from L'Anse Bay to Ontonagon, and the Porcupine Mountains for its spine, became tbe El Djrado of all coppetdum of that day. In this year the first active opera- tions were commenced at tbe Cliff Mine, jast back of Eagle river harbor. Three years later, in 1848, work was {.undertaken at the Minnessota, some fifteen miles back fron the lake at Ontonagon. The history of tbe copper mines on Lake Superior shows that even tbe best mines d's- eppointed tbe owners in the be^ioning. We give the facts relative to the three mines at present in tbe Lake Superior region to illus- trate this. Tbe CliQ mine was discovered in 1845, and worked three years without much sign of success ; it changed hands at the very moment when the vein was opened which proved afterwards to be so exceediofily rich in copper and silver, producing now on au average 1,500 toas of stam^>, barrel, and miss copper per annum. mine was discovered in first three years gave no results. Tbe first large mass of native copper of about seven tons was found in a pit made by an ancient race- After that discovery much money was spent before.any further indications of copper w( re found. This mine yields now about 2,000 tons of copper per annum. Tbe same has been experienced at tbe Po- The Minnesota 1848, and for the very encouraging wabic Mine. That mine commeDced opera- tions in tbe year 1855, with an expeiditure of $26,857, which produced $1,080 worth of copper ; the second year it expiended $40,820, nnd fToducei $31,492 of copper; in 1857 $54,484 of expenses produced $44,058 worth of copper ; in 1858, the am^ant expended was $109,152, aud tbe receipts for copper $76,538. The Pewabic will undoubtedly take its place among the dividend-payiog mines of the present year. It is ecaicely twelve years that mining has been properly commenced in that remote re- gion. At that time it was difficult, on ao- com t of the Bapids of St. Mary's Biver, to approach it by water with large craft. Being more than a thousand miles distant from the centre of the Union, destitute of all the re- quirements for the development of mines ; every tool, every part of machinery, every mouthf nl of provisions had to be hauled over the rapids, boated along tbe shores for hun- dreds of miles to tbe copper region, and there often'carried on the back of man and beast to tbe place where copper was supposed to exist. Every stroke of the pick cost tenfold more than in populated districts; every disaster delayed the operations for weeks and months. The openina of the Saolt Canal bas changed all this and added a wonderful impetus to the business,tbe mining interests, and the develop- ment of tbe Lake Superior country. Nearly one hundred diffdrent vessels, stea'n and sail, have been engaged the past season in its trade, ard tbe number of Jhese is destined largely to increase year by year, an indication of tbe growth of business and the opening up of the C3untry. For the growth in tbe cop- per interest we have only lo refer to the ship- ments from that region year by year. These, in gross, are as follows : 1853 2,535t0M. 1851 :":::.: 3.600 ;; 1856 ... 4,614 ' ,836 ... 5357 " 1858 6,0» •* 1859 ■6|4» .. la^iO B.oai 1861.'ejf •••• 8.4U8 The sams f.ict3 of developmaat would hold generally true with regard to the oiber indus- trial interests of that vast country. Marquette, Portage Lake, Ontonagon, Cop- per Harbor, Eagle River, and Eagle Harbor, ard the mines adjacent, are almost the only places where the prim?val forests have been cleared to afford a field lor tie enterprise of man. Judging from the events of the past ten years, it is im )ossible to conjacture what tbe conntry may become in the future. It is already ascertained beyond cavil thU it pos- sesses agricultural capacl ies of no msan cbaracter, contrary to the generally received opinion that obtained until comparatively a recent date, an opinion that was assented to ■4 :i}. 28 ''m without doe inquiry into the real state of the case. Id a good share of the country, inolud- log many localities contiguous to the mines, fttrming can be profitably conducted. Witbin the last two or three years sereral settlements of farmers have been formed a few miles south of Marquette, whose ]success has ex- ceeded their anticipations. Here there is a large tract of very desirable country, the soil being a rich loam, the timber mostly good sized maple, the (face |of the land compara- tively even,[with springs of the best water on almost eveiy quarter section. The land is for the most pa^ subject to private entry, or pre- emption. When we bear in mind the import- ant coneideratioD that there is close at hand a market at high prices for alll thnt can be grown, the inducements to settl.rs certainly assume a peculiarly inviting character. The locality we have described is not an excep- tional case ; there is a very extensive region south of the mines, possessing, an^ ex- uberant soil, and every requisite for success- ful farming. All that is wanted is good roads, which we doubt not our Legialature will make provision for at no far distant day. The Copper region is divided into three Districts, viz. : the Ontonagon, the most north • em, the Keweenaw Point, the most eastern, and the Portage Lake, lying mostly below and partially between the range of the two. In the first are situated the Minnesota, the Bock- land, the National, and a multitude of other mines, of lesser note, profit or promise. In the second are the Cliff, the Copper Falls, and others. In the last are the Pewabic, Quincy, Isle Bdyale, Portage. Franklin and numerous others. Each district has some peculiarities of product, the first developing more masses, while the latter are more prolific in vein-rock, the copper being scattered thrcughout the rock. There have been since - 1846 no less than about 120 Copper Mining Gcmpanies organ- ized under the general Law of our State. — The amount of capital invested and now in use, or which has been paid out in explora- tions and improvements, and lost, is estimated by good judges at $6,000,000. The nominal amount of capital stock invested in all the companies which have charters would reach an indefinite numl>er of millions. As an ofi*- set to this it may be stated that the Cliff and Minnesota mines have returned over $2,000,- 000 in dividends from the besinniog of their operations, and the valne of these two mines will more than cover the whole amount spent in mining, and for all the extravagant under- takings which have been entered upon and abandoned. While success has been the ex- ception and failure the rule in copper specu- lations, yet it must be admitted that these ex- ceptions are remarkably tempting ones. — Doubtless there is immense wealth still to be developed in these enterprises, and Uiis ele- ment of wealth in the Lake Superior region is yet to assume a magnitude now untbought^of. Until last year, the copper was all smelted in this city, Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Boston, the Detroit works bein/ the largest. Last year the works at Portage, the enterprise of a Boston Company, were completed. Early in the spring, the demand for copper being lighter than usnal, the mines unfortu- nately reduced their force. Bubsequestly the demand greatly improved, and under a light supply the market for inget advanced firom 17|c. in April, to 231c. by the middle of De* comber. It is quite possible, however, that if the supply had not become diminished, the advance would not have been so material. The amount of copper received and smelted at the Detroit Smelting Works last season was exactly 4,200 tons. We believe the amount respectively from each district was as follows : OntonaRon, tona. Portage Lue, tons. 2,B6. 1.674. Total. ........ 4,300 The copper frem the following mines is smelted in Detroit: Ontonagon District — Minesota, Bockland, Superior, Nebraska, Enbwlton, Evergreen Bluff, and, we believe, the Bohemian and Bidge. Portage District — Quincy. Keweenaw Point— OeDtral,Phoenix,^ and possibly one or two more. Last season 2,600 tons of copper ore from the Wellington Mines, Lake Huron, was re- ceived here and forwarded to London, Eng- land, to be smelted there. The Iron Intereat of BUoblsaUt Our State is gradually but surely taking the rank to which she is entitled as regards both the manufacture and production of iron. The first shipment of pig iron of any conse- quence was made by the "Pioneer Iron Com- pany," in the fall of 1868. Dr. Bnssell, of tbis city, whose works went into operation about four years and a half ago, has steadily turned out large qnantities. Ihe Lake Superior iron has been pro- claimed the best in the world, a proposition that none can successfully refute. lis quali- ties are becoming known in quarters where it would naturally be expected its superiority woHld be admitted reluctantly, if at all. It is now sent to New York and Ohio, and even to Pennsylvania — an agency for its sale hav- ing been established in Pittsburg. For gear- ing, shafting, cranks, flanges, and, we ought by all means to add, car- wheels, no other should be used, provided it; can be obtained. Important as the subject is money-wise, when life is at stake, the former consideration shrinks into c> mpartive insignificance. The cause of the breaking of the machinery of the i I traced I have bi 'i been 29 h still to be Dd this ele- lor region Is itbonglit^of. all smelted and Boston, rgest. Last terpriaeof a • I for copper les nnfortn* squeatly the Oder a light anced from :ddle of De« )wever, that finished, the material, and smelted last season believe the itrict was as - 2.IS6. ■ 1.6/4. • 4,200 ig mines is t District- Nebraska, we believe, ;e District — iraljPhoeniz,^ )er ore from i ron, was re- Dndon, £ng- irely taking 1 as regards tioB of iron, f any conse- r Iron Gom- Rassell, of operation )as steadily been pr«- proposition Its quali- prs where it superiority at all. It 0, and even ts sale hav- For gear- , we oaght Is, no other >e obtained, wise, when insideration ance. The inery of the steamers plying upon oar neighboring waters, has been in nearly or qnlte every instance traced to some defect in the iron, and would have been avoided if Lake Sapetior iron had been used. Messrs. C. Kellogg & Co., of this city, have recently turned out a cinnen for the United States from this iron. They prououoce it the best material in the world for this purpose, which opinion th-'y maintain by an array of incontestible facts, A large amount of capital is invested in the Iron interest in Michigan, as the foUow- ' iDg figures prove : OompanieB. Oapital, Pioneer I160.0UU Jaokson 800,(tOO OolllDB 150,000 Cleveland 8Oti.00O Lake Superior & Iron Mountain B. R. Oo 700,orO Northern Michlaan Iron Oo 110,000 Wyandotte Rolling MUl3 236,000 SurekalronOo 117,600 Dr. e. B RosBell * Go's 60,000 Detroit and Lake Sup. Iron Manufao. Co, 90,000 Vord k PMlbrlck'8 Steam Forge 26.000 «2.:!38,00e Marquette is the only point on Lake Su- perior where the iron ore deposits have been worked. There are deposits of iron in the mountains back of L'Anse, but this wonderful region leaves nothing more to be desired for the present. At a distance of eighteen miles from the lake, aie to be found iron mountains named the Sharon, Burt, Lake Superior, Cleveland, Collins and Barlow, while eight miles further back lie the Ely and St. Clair mountains. Three of these mountains are at present worked, the Sharon, the Cleveland, and the Lake Superior, and certain enough ore to supply the world for generations to come. The mountains further back embrace tracts of buQdreds of acres rising to a height of from four to six hundred feet, which there is every reason to believe, from the explora- tions made, are solid iron ore. The extent of the deposits is perfectly fabulous, in fact, so enormous as to baAla computation. The ore, too, is remarkably rich, yielding about seventy per cent, of pure metal. There are now in operation at Marquette three Iron I Mining Companies and two blast furnaces for making charcoal pig iron, the pioneer and Collins. The Pioneer has two stacks and a capacity of twenty tons pig iron per day ; the OollisB one i^ack, capable of turningj out about eleven tons. The Northern Iron Com- pany has recentl built a large bituminous coal furnace at the mouth of the Chocolate River, three miles south of Marquette, Each of the mining companies, the Jack< son, Cleveland, and Lake Superior, have docks at the harbor for shipment, extending out into the spacious and beautiful bay which lies in front ol Marquette to a sufficient length to enable vessels of the largest dimen- sions to lie by their side and to be loaded di« dectly from the cars, which are run over the ve&sels and " dumped " into shutes, which are made lo empty directly into the holds.— The process of loading is therefore very ex- peditious and easy. The quality of the iron of Lake Superior is conceded by all to be the best in the world, as the analysis of Prof. Johnston, which we reproduce, shows. The table shows the rela- tive strength per square inch in pounds : Salisbury. Conn., iron 58,000 Swedish (bes') 58.184 Eniliih cable 5!t,10t Centre county, fa b9.4U0 Ess X county. N. Y 69 962 Lancaster county. Pa 5s 661 RuHla (best) 76069 Common EngUsi and American 80,000 Lake Superior 89,582 The manufacture of pig iron at Marquette will p' obably be carried on even more exten- sively as the attention of capitalists is direct- ed to it The following may be considered a fair statement of the cost of producing one ton of pig iron at the Pioneer Iron Co.'s works: l>i tons iron ore, at $150 per ton ,...#350 125 bushels charcoal at l cents per bushel. . . 8 7a Kluxlig „6Jj Labor 250 Incidental expenses 100 Oostatt^e works 15 00 Freight on B. R. and dockage 137 Cost on board vessel #16 36 The quantity of wood required for charcoal for both furnaces, is immense. The Pioneer furnace requires 2,600 bushels of coal In twenty-four hours ; and in blast as they are, day and night, for six montlis, and at a yield of forty bushels of coal to a cnrd of wood, it would require 15,000 cords of wood to keep them going. The company has had 120,000 cords chopped this season. This vast con- sumption of wooi will soon cause the country to he completely stripped nf its timbar. Coal will then come into use. The business of manufacturing pig iron may be extended in« definitely, as the material is without limit. These facts exhibit tbe untold weaUh of Michigan in Iron alone, and point with cer- tainty to an extent of business that will add millions to our invested capital, dot our State with iron manufactories of ail kinds, and fur- nish regular employment to tensof tiiouaanda of our citizens, while our raw material and our wares stiall be found in all the principal markets of the world. But few interests have suffered this year m an equal degree with that of iron. The ship- ments of ore, which had rapidly increased to 120,000 tons in 1860, feil off this season to abaut 30,000 tons. The establishments on Lake Superior wdathered this great and un- looked for depression, anJ have kept at work, though on a somewhat reduced scale. At a rough guess there is at present 25,000 l! 8Q tons on the docks. At Maiqaette, miDing has been prosecuted only to a very limited extent, the ore beJng Just as well In its na- tive bed as oct of it, as matters stood. In sympathy with the general upward ten- dency in other inti rests, iron has recently shown a decidtd improvement, having come up within the past t\x or seven weeks from |26 to fSO per ton, with a strong demand fcr domestic conanrnption. The prospect, from present indications, is certainly good for the ensuing year. It is a burning sbamo to Detroit that thou- sands and thousands ef tons of iron oie should every year pass by our city, with the unrivaled maaufactuiina advantages we pos- sess, (cot those we " er joy.") A large pro- portion of this ore is taken to Pittsburgh, and up the Mahening valley, and some of it carted into the country, where it is smelted, and in due time is landed here by the steam- ers Ocean .»nd May Queen in tho shape of manufactured iroc. Detroit ousbt to manu- facture all the iron and rails for tho entir« West. The following are the present current rates of pig iron in the Detroit marke : Lake Faoeiior, ficoic*' pir, Mass'lloD. - HanglEg Rrck, 23 ShlpbulltlluK in Detroit. This important business is very brisk in our city at present, and our shipyards preseat an animated appearance, great numbers of hands being at full work in them. In Campbell & Owen's yard, two schooners have been built, one of 4(JU and the other of 300 tons burden ; also tw® steam- tugs. This is all the new work which has been done by this firm, but the repairing of steanibouts and sail- vessels has been carried on very extensively by them this year, 60 hands be'ng employed during the summer. At present there are 85 bacds in full employment in their shipyard. The timber uped is nearly all the growth of Michigan, the hulls being of white oak. and the decks and cabins, <&c , of pine. 1 he Michigan white ouk is very valuable for ship building, and is considered by competent judges to be as lasting as the Southern Live Oak, which is used in the U. S. Navy, and is pro- cured at an enormous expense. In addition to the schooners being built by Campbell & Owen, Bos- ton & DuDStall are building one of 2b0 tons, Mr Jones a d Mr. Clark one each, of 400 tons re spectively. We have been informed that other vessels will be put on the stocks in spring, as the Lake Marine was not found equal to the carriage of the immense freights of minerals, lumber and grain, which were offered for transportation during the past season. Detroit has many facilities for shipbuilding which are cot to be found in other cities, for in addition to the excellent timber pro- duced in the vicinity, the extensive forges and foundries in the city are capable ot furnishing iron work and machinery of the best kind, if the docks of the Welland Canal were larger, vessels of much greater size than those at present used would be built for the Lake and Ocean trade. Tho present complication with England points out the necessity of a ship oanal at Niagara. The Wyandotte RollluR Mill Go. This company hns made, during the year, 6,000 tons T rail, 2,200 tons merchant Iron, 300 tons boiler plate, 300 tons spikes and riv- its, 76 chains, also a largo cumber of shafts and cranks for steamers and propellers. They have used, daring the year, 13,000 tons of coal, and have paid the hand3 em- ploj ed in the n'ills, for labor, $75,000. The works now include a rail mill, mer- • chant mill, boiler mill, a spike machine, for making all s'zos of railroad aud ship spikes, and rivit machines f jr making boiler rivits, Also, two hammers, ene (the largest in tie West) for making htiHftB, cranks, &c., nnd welding the boil.r plate, and a smaller one for axles. Chain has been manu'actureii by band for the laf t two years, but the demand has in- creased io rapidly that the company have been forced to purchase an improved ma- chine, and in the course of a month will be able to turn out a sufficient quantity of chain to supply the market at lower rates. steam Forget The extensive steam forge of Ford & Philbrick is located on the river side, above the Mariu Hospital, in the immediate vicinity of Qanson'j Stove Factory and the Iron Smelting Works. Ihijf forge contains two steam hamirers nnd one sta- tionary engine. The largest hammer weighs 2 5Ci. Ib9., and will forge a shaft 20 inches in diameter; the small hammer weighs 1,000 lbs., and is prin- cipally used for Torging railroad car-i xles anj small shipwork, locomotive frames, piston andcoD' necting rods, &c. Shafting of every length an] size, and all kinds of hammered shapes are mad(> in th se works. Lake Superior iron and a mixtun of scrap iron are used in this forge. This is oneofi the most complete establishments of the kind oc the Lakes, and it is alike creditable to its enter prising proprietors and to the city of Detroit During the past year it has been principally em ployed on ship-work. ^.Eureka Iron Co* This company, have made, during the lailj year, 2,262 tons cf pig iron, 82 tons of cast iugs, and ^orly tons of salt kettles. Went cm of blast the middle of September. They are DOW putting a cupola f aiua'. e in conneclio: with iheir works for the purpose of manufaC' turing salt kettles, a new branch of busines g owing out of the di&covery of salt at Sa« inaw. Vlncffart One would scarcelv believe how large an amoui •f vinegar can be made and sold in a place of an; considerable size. The number of barrels of vii egar sold in this market, cannot be less than fin thousand, most of which is made in the citj city. It is also made in many other places in thi T 31 trade. Tho points out the Mill Co. )g the year, rcbant iron, ikes and riv- ter of ebafts pellers. year, 18,000 ! hando em- 5,000. 3iil mill, mer* machine, for ship spikes, boiler rivita, irgeet in the IS, &c., fliid smaller cue by band fori land has iu ouuany have iiproved ma^ )ODth will be nlity of chaini ates. )rd & Pbilbticlil ve the MariDel ty of Ganson'j ng Works. lh\ii\ I KDd'one Eta- er weighs 21 es in diameter; )8., and is priD', car-rxles anji piston and cool ery length anil hapes are madti 1 and a mixturti This is oueoii of the liind oi| »le to its enteF'^ ity of Detroiil winoipally em iariDg the lasi^ 1 tons of ca£i| ,les. Went 0!!| )er. They ait? in coLnectio:; ae of manafaC' i:b of basinei! f salt at Si-i'i large an amouti a place of ani * barrels of viiil be less than fivq de in the citjl er places in thf Btate There is, however, a small portion brought from Oinoinnati, Plttsbargh, Cleveland, and other places, and a smaller portion branded as having oome from abroad, which is really manufactured here. Vinegar is a cheap luxury— tor with miny it is a luxury — as many kinds of moats andvege ta- bles, Oysters and Lobdters receive much of their delicacy of flavor from its use. It is generally believed that the best vinegar may be made from wme, but the great scarcity of wine in this country prevents its use almost en- tirely for that purpose, But in many parts of the United States, cider being plenty, has been used as a substitute to a great extent, and although it does not make as strong vinegar as wine, it has been found to possess nearly all the properties for pickling, both for vegetables and meats. It is, no doubt, po'isible to take too much vinegar or other acids into the stomach, yet with most robust constitutions, vinegar conduces to health, and assists digestion, and tho cases are rare, where any bad effects are felt at taking too muon. In those countries where grapes are abundant, and wine is made largely, it is not sur- prising that vinegar should be abundant and very excellent; and with our large apple crop, although we do not make aa Jine vinegar, we are enabled to manufacture it in unlimited quantities. Manufacturing does not necessarily involve the use of any poisonous mixture.* Any procass which will expose every drop of saccharine or farinaoious matter to a warmer atmosphere, will greatly add to its strength in any given time, and the longer it stands the stronger it becomes, having gathered a great portion of its acid from the atmosphere alone. A failure to make good vinegar, like a failure to make good bread, may be produced from a great variety of causas There may be too much or too little sacsharino or farinaceous matter, an undue proportion of heat or cold,in fact experience will be found necessary to succeed certainly In making vinegar in any very short length of time. Many families are surprised after putting a barrel of good cider in the cellar in the fall, that the next summer it is not good vinegar ; and their surprise is greatly increased when after a year, andsometiLces alter two and even three years, it is still found to lack that flavor good vin- egar should possess. But if at first it had been reduced one half or more with water, and subject- ed to some process rf filtration or exposure to the atmosphere, it would in a few weeks or months have become an excelient vinegar. Although in this country good vinegar is always afforded at a low price, yet maoy attempts have been and are daily made to make it by some still cheaper process, the result of which is the intro- duction of essential oils, fiulphuric or other min- eral acids, and the production becomes a filthy, poisonous mixture, which, although it resembles a good vinegar, has not the wholesome curing prop- erties, and. differs as far from that fine, rich, pleasant flavor, as good old French brandy differs from a miserably drugged American sab|titute. Gypsum* Among the rich mineral productions of Miohi- KOn, Qypsum holds an important position, as the feitllity of the soil, and tho suooess of various crops depend more or less on the application of the manure. The extensive beds at Grand Rapida were discovered about sixteen years ago, and a mill for grinding the plaster, was almost immedi- ately erected, but up to 1856, the quantity ol this product disposed of, was not very considerable, aa the means of conveyance into the interior of the State was not adapted for the oarriaire of suoh heavy freight. In 1856 the"Emmett"mill was built and ip 1867 the "ifagle" mill was erected and put into operation, and the manufacture of plaster may be said to have commenced on a large scale, censiderable quantities being sent, not only into various parts of Mi >higan, but also into Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, &o. In 1860 all the Companies owning the plaster mills at Grand Rapids fused into one jooint stock Association, with a capital of $500,000. The stratum of gypsum at Grand Rapids is about thirteen feet in thickness, and extends over nearly 700 acres, offering an almost inexhaustible supply of this valuable mineral. When taken from the mine it is generally piled up in large blocks and suffered to remain for several months exposed to the atmosphere, that some portion of Ihe water which it contains may be carried away by evaporation. When tbkcn to the mi>l the large lumps are broken with heavy hammers, and then the plaster is passed through two run of stone, the first of which crushes it into small pieces, and the last reduces it to powder. There is but one plas- ter mill in Detroit and this is exclusively em- ployed in grinding Ohio plaster, 2,500 tons of wh.ch is generally manufactured in the season, also 1,0C0 tons of calcined plaster. All of this is sold to parties in this State, principally on the line of tho Miohigon Central K. R. Ohio plaster is manufactured in Detroit in preference to that of Grand Rapids, because on account of the water carriage, the former can be laid down at the mill at a lower rate than the latter. The railroads of Michigan have adopted a reduced Tariff for the carriage of plaster in order to bring it within the reach of the farmers in the principal agricultural districts of the State. The good results of this ar- rangement are already apparent in the vast in- crease of freight on the' various lines alluded to. There can be no doubt but the large quantity of plaster applied to the crops has increased the acre- able produce of the soil wonderfully, and taxed the abilities of the managers of tho railroads to find conveyance? sufficient to move it. According as the interior of the State becomes opened by rail- roads and plank roads, &o., the consumption of plast r and the produce of the soil will be increased in a very great degree. The advantage of gypsum over other lime ma- nure is that it is more easily disso've(il and made fit to enter with the substance of plants, and that it only requires pounding before application to the soil, and does not require burning like other lime. In one hundred parts of uncalcined plaster or gyp- sum, there are generally of Sulphuric acid 48 parts. Lime 32 " Water '20 '* It has been decided by frequent experimen that the drier the soil, the more adapted it is for gypsum, and that it is totally unfit for wet, un- %. 82 dnintd land, and !■ most Mrrioeable on aoUj which an deficient in Bnlphate of lime. At gyjr- •am is aoluble, it should not l>e applied to the aoil in wet weather, l(vt it be washed away tco looii, nor in great drought, as it cannot then be dissolved and taken up by the roots of plants. It should be applied at a time when the soil is neither too wet nor too dry, and in calm weather. Tne plaster interests of the Grand Hirer Valley were consolidated last year, under very favorable aospioes. Mr. Fisher, Sen., the head of t'he old and wealthy Ba«t India Uouso of Fisher A Co., Boston, was elected President, Charles 11. Stewart, f New York, Vice President, James W. Converse, of Boston, President of the Mechanic's Bank of Boston, was appointed Secretary, and William Hovey, Esq., of Qrand Rapids, Treasurer. In hands such aa;the80 there can scarcely be a doubt birt the plaster interests of Grand Rapids will prosper, and in the course of time be fully devel- oped. The shipment sales of the Company for the year ending Dec. 1, 1861, have been as follows : CtJOO tons Rround Land Plaster. 'A300 barrel! ground Lud i'laster, 1,250 tons Plaster Rock. 4,700 barrels Calcined Plaster. There were on hand at that date 7,000 tons of Plaster Rock. The sales for the year have been lighter than osnal. The Eagle Mill, owned by Hovey & Co., has done one third more business some previous years, than the three mills com- bined did the last. This falling off was occasioned by various oar^ses, and in ail probability will bo only temporary, From the facilities afforded by Railroad Companies last year, laige quantities of this valuable manure were distributed through Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, and Illinois, and a good many of the dealers in the article laid in stocks which are not yet exhansted. The good results which have followed in almost every in- stance where the manure has been applied to the crsps during the past year, will no doubt induce farmers to make use of it extensively in 1862. The Eagle Mill does the majority of the ship- ping business. The old mill supplies the local trade, which is principally carried on with teams. The facilties for minmg and manufacturing are now such that the business could be increased to an almost unlimited extent. The mines are al- most inexhaustible, aad facilities for transporta- tion are all that are required. Such cannot be ob- tained until the Grand Rapids and Indiana Bail- road will be completed. When that is opened the plaster trade of Grand Rapids will be increased 200 per cent. At present the shipments of plaster from Grand Rapids to the central and southern parts of Michigan must all come around by Detroit, which renders it almost impossible to compete with the Ohio plaster, which is brought by vessel as ballaet, and must be got rid of, no matter whether the price received be remunerative or not. It is now generally admitted that the plast«r of Mich- igan as a fertilizer, is superior to that of any other State. Seedit The trade in clover seed last spring proved highly Batisfact.ory, a fact due in a ,great measure to an improved demand for the Oanada market. In former smwods the de- mand for that trade has been fair, bat last ppring there war a very decided improTe* ment, The great balk of our Canadian ahip- mentfl went to London and Toronto. A aingle house shipped over a thousand bushels to Loudon within two weeks. Early in the sea< Hon there was also a considerable amount shipped to New York, but at a later period tuere was no margin. Olover was quoted in February at $3.62<8 $3,76, bat early in March the demand was good at $3 80, and Mnrch 18t.b at $4 00(3 $4.12. April 16th clover sold at $3.76 from wagons, and early in May there was a good demand at $4 06@$112. Timothy opened in March at $2,60, with a very scanty stock. About iho middle ? March $2 76 was paid, but about the close of the month the price receded to $2.60. Garden and rarm Seeds. There are two houses in Detroit engaged ex- clusively in the sale of Garden and Farm seeds by wholesale and retail. These are Gardner A Co ' on Woodward Avenue,and Bloss A Co. , Monroe Av- enue. The former do a large business, sending out large quantities of seeds to Canada West, Northern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and every part of Michigan, also to the eastern part of Iowa and Mmnesota. They import from England annually about eight tons of seeds, prmnipaJly turnip cabbage and flower seeds, at a cost of nearlv $5,000. The bulk of this stock is raised for them by the most careful jrrowers in various States principally in Connecticut, New y.;;'k, Ohio and Michigan. Peas are generally received from Canada, as the growth of that province are gen- erally of excellent quality, and free from that de- structive insect, the bug. Dnring the past year they have sent out about 4,000 boxes of seed varyingin value from 4)10 to 8100 each, averaging about 820, and amounting to about 8B0U00. They have employed about 25 hands daily, during the winter, in putting up and packing seeds for the market, and four travelling agents are en- gaged for four month? in the year, in settlmg up accounts and sclicJting orders. Gardner A Co. also do a fair trade ia Clover and Grass Seeds. In filling orders during the past season, they have used 4.000 lbs. Beet seed. 6 l!iO los. Kuta BoKa seed. UOOUlbs. Onion seed. 2,0j0 lbs. Carrot seed. 1 Oi O bjsb. Garden Peas. 1,500 lbs Cucumber seed. l.OUJ lbs. Melaa seed. bOO lbs. £«ua8h seed. Bloss A Co. employ a large number of hands in packing seeds, &o. They send out about $45,000 worth annually, but as they have not furnished us with data, we cannot give any particulars con- nected with their business. Feei1« Last summer was a remarkably 'dull season for eod, it being almost an impossibility to effect sales of any consequence. The nominal rates then for store ranged from WSO to 87,50 for bran. About ;i wasowii control, been fon the Ohio plies fro] been 8hi| I on the fo] increase tolOO,(N Mr.Stin Conpanj MiMTM M I the de- bnl iMt improTo* lian Bbip- A single lashels to X the sea- e amonnt wr period t $3.62® aand was It 9400® B.76 from s a good 50, with a middle r le close of 50. Dgaged ex- 'arm seeds, rdnorACo., Monroe Av- sending out t. Northern 1 every part )f Iowa and ad annually illy turnip, of nearly led for them S0U3 States. :. Ohio ana eived from se are gea- 3m that de- te past year >zes of seed averaging $8C,iJCG. ally, during ig seeds for 9nt8 are en- settling up Iner m 60 to 76o, tiie highest figure being about the present price. Bait* The market for salt oontinned very quiet at $1 46 for coarse and fine until about Nov. 15th, when it advanced to 91>60, at which it romained until the 16th of December, after which it ad- vanced very rapidly, owing to extreme scarcity, until it reached the present price, 91.75 for fine and 92 for coarse. Dairy sold all summer at 92.40; it is now 92 76. Our dealers have made it a point to keep prices within moderate bounds, but Uie advance this fall was owing to oircumstances entirely beyond their control. Lege supplies of Onondaga salt have been forwar&d to Cincinnati and oUier points on iho Ohio that have heretofore derived their {sup- plies firom the Kanawha^ while considerable has been shipped to New York, on account of the tariff on the fbreign article. There is also an enormous increase in oonsumption, which is said, amounted to 100.000 barreto in Chicago in November alcne. Mr. StUBSon, the Detroit agent of the Onondaga OoB^any, has sold 36,000 barrels tbtet last June, aa JMtMia 4tf 10,00P barrels orer last year. n The rates ef local fireigbts work agafoat the ia« tieduotion of salt firam Seglnaw About 7,000 bar- r^ were received from there during the year. , Mas* aiud •ton*. There are seven dealers engaged in this Impor* . teat branch f^f buainesf, and the amount Of Dm* sold Is about 9U,O0O ouahels. The amount oC stone used, exclusive of that converted iaio lime, is alMut 2,000 cords. Prieea are unchanged from 1860. The Lake Superior demand was very Ught, and copper ruling low, the mines sospendeld au improvements not lndiapen«able, while owing to the unfavorable aspect of the times, there has been Isss building in Detroit, and a lighter ooun- try demand than usual. Block etone is imported into Detroit from Cleveland, Vetmillion and Marblehead. That from the latter is limestone, and that irom the former aandetone. Ciur new jail Is to be built of Marbleheud stone. Flngfrin" is brought from Medina and Cleveland, BotL bio largely used, and both well liked. Ceali With the exception of Blossbnrg, Lehigh, and SorantOD, in which some little advance was indnced tbia fall by nigh freights, the market has been steady, with g* nera'^y a rather advancing tendency towardii the «e of navigatiOD, as is UBnally the case, ine present rates are as follows : Bloaiburg. . > ;> . $7 26 Lehigh, • . . • • 6 SO DorantoD. • - 6 69 Briar HOI. 4 76 • Brooka eld, 4 76 ~ Ormaby, • - • 4 76 . Cambria *^ ] Mineral Ridse. • 4 26 ' The aggregate of coal received by lake is 87,887 tons. The reoeipts of Jackson coal aggregate 1,998 tons ; of GomnDa, 502i tons. Total, 39,887i tons. Vessola O^nrned In Detroit Dlstrlet. Tho following Is a complete list of the steamers and vessels at present owned in this Difltrict, with their tonnage : BTKlliBOATS AND FROPSLLBRS. Tont. Tons' Arrow. 378 Lion. iso Ariel, 166 MlsBlSBippi, I82S Ako, 111 May Queen, 688 AMon, 133 Magnet. m Aina, 0. G., C5 Milwaukee, 1113 AllUa, ■« MrchiKan, 642 Ark, 8U9 MichlgaD, 4>< Algoma, 71 Miohigan, 83 A. Koasetter. 900 Mldlund Oi)y, 47 BajrClty, 480 Mariner. 104 Belle Seymour, 83 NlneralRock, 656 B.F. Bruce. 1<» Moutgomery, 926 Burllngtoa, 886 Mary Belle, 128 Belle, ' 129 Mekawk Utiief. 86 Oolumbla, 169 M. H. Kyergon. 120 Olty of Buffalo, 3026 ^ewayKO, 30 Comet, Mo. 1. 46 Nebraska, 118 Oroton, , 56 Magaia, 16 Canada, '146 Utttiwa, 817 OometNo. 2. 143 'cean. 1060 City of Cleveland, 788 OUve Branch, 146 Oliiton, 110 Olive Bracch. 71 Cliff fielden, 96 Plymouth Rock, 1991 U. W. Armstrong. Bl Planet. 1154 Clara. 77 Pearl. ^ 9(1. City of Madison, 391 PonUac. ' ,., " Dlfpatoh. 28« Frinceaa. '7., SJr^'^ ■«p7fS^le, ^-^•' 34 T s-tn. Tiylor. UtroaiM, UUnota, J. r. Forter. John Lfttbrop, Jamei K. JtMle. UMejlutorn, John P. Waro. 0«o. U. Parker, Hnr«D, ZOUATe.a fame. «»ardinla. AndM. iJafOlty. Mohegan, JtobCuolUster, «. C. WalbrtOie. AageUqne. ATenser, Alnwlob, AndoTor, A. Boat, Afrloa. Abram Llaooln, Brandywine, fi. Q. lUen, Vortrud, BellaHloer. Oommenoement, Cadet, O.BceTe. Convey.. Caltfornia, Crevola. 8barleifinmner, Una. DoJhU £mory Fletcher, Empire, BagleWing. BoKenla. K. K. UUbert, Kzperlment. Snterprlse, JclTa. B. J. Seztoo. Emma, Fred L. WcUi. Vortune. r, B. MiUer. jralr Invader, Poreit Bow. Vreeman. Porwaroer. eoUelma, O. Blien, t^en'i Pierce. Grand Turk. iauae Cock. Otm ot (be Lake, Ocor.e Poote, U. U. Day, Uubbaid, Henry l ouor, U. U. firovn, Jltrcnlea. iiaiaard. U. U. BteeL lunriehl JalaeiflUi. J.BMblmi, leu, 4» £,~i.llU«tt. 17 Borneo. . IW Baby. 1U7 fiSdlrio. DM BoathoniMlehliaB. m Swan. ^^ m MeaBlrd. ig| ttarnla. N Itockaan. 6i) mar. IM Trafflc, 474 Tarlton Jonea, 67 Union Dzpreii. W7 United. m Union, .H? JSlMtem World, 195 Weitem MetropolH. ei Windtor. J» PhUo Panouh 161 Bun Lewla. 109 Antelope, 948 JotanMiurtlo. 100 JL P. Clinton. BAaQcaa. 488 Marquette, 114 Bonora, IMiperlor, BBIOli 888 Jnna,- 4UU John O. Deshler, 345 Monteiuma, 'jn-i Bobt-Boma. ua; Pllgriia.1 soHooins. 84 Wm. TeU. no Black Hawk. 45 John A. Sanders. lit JohnHkUaer. 1V6 Jamea McKay, 'm Ive. m JobnBloe, 7U Bansaa. 4i> Sit Canon, •iS Little Belle. ilil Llaale Thtoop. 90 J. K. eUdmore. 88 Levant, 72 Lady 01 the Lake, 283 Mary. m MaryWilllami, "li Marsuerritta. 313 Magic, m Meridian. 01 Mary Jane. SI Mary of St. Joseph, 161 Mary Kay. bl Mark U. Sibley. « N. P. (Joodell. Wi Ocean. IK) Orion. 16*3 Oceana. 6i Odd JieUow, am Ocean Wave, 53 Pike. ^3 Palo Alto. 40 Quickitep. 159 H2iibow, m Speed, 58 bwan. .U7 Star, lOlt tttatiltht. IW Sea Biro. t>2 Haranao. 170 fcir William Wallace. 71 Somerset, M Sardinia, 827 TemKeranee. '■its Traveller. „33 Three Sleteru, 816 Tho'8l>yer, „60 Trial, 841 Tom Lewis, 84 Torient. 968 'iuacola. ^ While Cloud. n White tianall. 119 Wm.A.Chi8holffl, J» wfw. WUlHd, T*ni. Mil 1471 MS 81 'H 299 4i 67 aii6 73 m auui 1861 103 OOl 170 «8 488 .%8 SiO 48 874 3tJ6 307 44 178 47 fc8 lie, sa 91 IVti 63 lid 134 14^ 165 3i7 Z9 89 143 100 67 99 3U •m 120 112 59 276 87 83 ao 36 Si5 3 6 40 8 89 136 88 117 167 367 45 S97 21 37 412 818 318 136 463 US m J.f.tr«oy. Paoria, ibli s "Ok. \ Bavanna, lTm. Maaon. Spray. gliarlea Brown. apoleoD. Addaln, A.Howaa, Banner, Donqan Stewart, Dan Tucker, Knterprlie. ■nterpriMk Poreat, foam, |lylM,Olottd, ^ vrBpeoht, ranter. foybound. .S. Hide, Sarmonla, arrlet, Helen, Inc. Jo.Tatea. L. B. Qoldtmith. Maro Milne, May Breeae, Indiutrle. Clark B. BalBsey. 1 IH <' 336 Onlrlsla. ' .dfi 317 k al. Andmoo, W OaraiekfanB. 408 BardlaBarahard, 84U BUlStevaM 42 «7omInff. ■LOon. 90 Tlotory, aj Wyandotte, aoow BOBoomaa. I I'f frrv m 86 IVianarel, 70 Mune Law, 66 Mlohlgaa fiowtr, 33 QeeanWave, 88 Porcupine, 56 Planet, reique Isle. eblo. lelndeer, 86 Scud. 44 St.JoBepb. 63 Storm, 29 SwaUow, ipeedy, S?'*«8l! , Wm. Barelay. Whttlate*. • _ WhltePlfeoB, 109 WoUln. 39 Wetael. 'Hi i r n a» 46 86 66 eo 34 TankM, Wm. Kelly. 48 I Dover. Poam, Forest Maid. Prederlok, Ouerllla. LiUieDalai Liberator, Lookout, May San, Cygnet, Juno, flOOWfl. 20 Morning Lark. 37 Phantom, 37 Prospaot. 36 BedBose. 20 Wm. A. Noble, 87 Wolverine. 63 Spanker, 96 u. Bioh, 66 Tb* Iiak«-Atlmatlo Fl««tt Owing to the pr«yailing higli priees of lake freights, hut few of onr vessela have engaged in the foreign trade this year. We iMlieve the only clearances from Europe are the bark Ravenna, brig John G. Deshler, sohoonen Ool. Cook and Qold Hunter, and the barque Niagara. The last named cleared with a cargo of com from Chicago. The others were all loaded by Detroit merchants, with wheat, nnd cleared from Milwaukee. Most of the large fleet from the lakes form- i-r\y engaged in ttie foreign trade have now rotnmed. Concerning those respectively that have not returned, we will give our readers all the facts at our command. A few of them have become noted for their connection with some of the events of the rebellion. The barque D. 0. Pierce, as will be remembered, was destroyed at Norfolk last spring, under circumstances that stamp the perpetrators as no better than pirates. The Typhoon belongs to the lamous " stone fleet," and is, or was, recently owned by Fearing and Binkley, of Boston. The Coatzac (jies of the country are dfareeted to a war ot great magnitude, and to providing the ways and means for its prosecution. A heavy tar- iflf becomes necessary on rrtides heretofore jree, and en other goods generally an in- creased duty. SpectUation hi goods com- menced in eastern markets, which soon spread to the west, stimulated also by an ^c- tive and heavy demand for t^mf lappllef , and by the very large amount of money pni into drculation by the Qovemment, gooda have advanced more than the Increase of dn- ties— and that without diminishing in any noticeable mt*asure the demand or consump- tion. There has been a steady advance tnm the month of May on slmost every article of groceries. Teas in January could be had at from 40o for good common, to 60o for fine. In Jane ? rices rangtfd from 68o to 70c. In August, to 80c i bi September, 76o to 90o, and in November advanced to 86c and 100c— about 100 per cent, advance on a duty of twenty cents per lb. The advance is not in this arti- cle owing so much to the duty as to scarcity. GofiTee has not shown so much advance un til very recently. The stock has been very large in New York, and is so still. lb re- mained quite steady in pric» until September when it advanced Icjper lb, and lo more in October, and fpU 8c per pound in November on Rio, and more on Java and the better qualities of coffee. For Rio the price stood at 14o to 16c from January to September. It is now wortn 20o and 21c. Java was sold at 17c in tbe early part of the year, and should now command 20o to 28e. The advance on most kinds of coffee is just equal to the duty. Sugars were moderately low hi the winter and spring. Brown sold at from 6i to 7Iq ; crushed at 9, Oi, and 10c; coffee sugars at 8| toQlc In May brown sugars fell off leper lb and white sugars Ic per lb. In July the de- cline wai recovered. From August to £:>p- tember there has been a steady advance until 9 to 10c for trown sugar, and 11 to 12c are the market prices for the artlde. Stvloes of all khids have been rapidly in- creaaing in price since the summer. Pepper is 60 per cent higher, and now sells at 16i017& Pimento is 100 per cent higher and sells at 12i014c. Cloves has advanced 100 per cent, and Cinnamon 60 per cent. Nutmegs only about 26 per cent. Fruits and nuts are also Juigher. Raisins aro from 60 to 76 per cent higher. The last advance in the prices of goods was owing mostly to an anticipated large increase of duty, and a spirit of speculation. The duty having been increased on tea, cof- fee and sugar moderately, and the prospect of a foreign ^ar being lessened, we think the highest point has been renched, unless the suspension of spede payments, and a very large circulation of papev money has the ef- fect to farther enhance prices. The fact that merchants in the haterior gene- rally bought sparingly when in New York, and a restriction of credits there has in- S6 il: oreaiml Um clAuaad iot gooda In tbto narktt. ' Safiei have been l«^^ger, and wiUi a large pro- ' pqrUon of caah, m](m darfqg tiit months of KoT9i;rber and I>«eeiDbi»r (ban they have been in aoy two months in Beveral jears. , High prices will, 00 doobt, role high until , p^aoe iaxe8tor«4 aod th« hnskB reiviae specie " Drjr Goods Trade^ , ". r ' The smnmary of gales in the dry goeda trade 'for the year will approximate to 82,000,000, nrlStii U a fair showing. Of this sum toe three Jobbiog hoQSos whiob confine thsmaehres to the wheen dono nearly for cash, was more healthfU, if less balance has been shown to the profit side finnn the books. We find, by thorough inqtdry, that from year to year, and this last year especially, foreign mannfae* tures of iron are steadily bein^ replaced by supe- rior articles of Ameriean make. This remark may not only be apj^d. to cutlery. But to most of shelf goods; such as screws, bolts, oariiage aprin?B, edge tools, files, butts and hinges, saws, and, in fact, the majority of articles that lay upon the dielves of a store, containing it well-assorted stook. We gave the estimate of sales last year as $1,000,000. We might put it this year at tSOO.- 000, with the observation that country buyers no longsMMiek, as formerly, to buy for the purpose of paiading a large stock, because it could bo obtain- tained re been ezdusively of Eng- lish manufactare, has been entirely oondooted with Amerfoan mill8,and we are ebtauung to-day, for four cents per pound, an article of boiler iron from American shops, far superior to any we could obtain firam the English market at foor and a quarter cents ; thas demonstrating in this instance at least, the advantage of a proteOTve tariff to oar home manufaetores. Our ^tpiianeis for the man- ufacture of bar iron, railroad iron, ship chain, Ao.( are steadily accumulating, and we have the satis* faction to know that the fine quality of iron that oomes fi»m the mines of this ooantry, and esped* ally rom kt Lake Superior district, enables us, when fairly put in oompetation with foreign manu- facturers, to carry off the palm. A few yean aga,:foandries scarcely thoaght of oaating any- thing wilhoot a large admiatore of Scotch or Ros- se, or some other foreign iron ; whereas, n'-w they cannot assure themselves of perieet soooess with* out Lake Superior, Pennsylvania or some ether American brand, forms the ms^r portion in the fumase. The Wyandotte RoUiag Mills Company report a large increase of sales over last year. This is owing, in seme degree, to the suoosssfbl efforts of the Company to introdooe braaohes of iron mum- faotore other than railroad and bar iron. They SI thepriMoT their een- ixa OoTvni- 'of oottoa. of UltUMMt the South 1 as of taffi- iews. Ihat sot, if they srB, moat be loantry. lie. oooneoted rhe jobbing twenty per one nearly Dalance haa bookfl. We sar to year, 1 maaofae- dby snpe- Ua renuurk to most of , oariiage iges, sawf, it lay upon )ll-aasorted ut year as t at teoo,- buyers no porpoeeoT Iboobtain- uah them- eady a^e, rter paper ry dealer a itely more tonly from re reaped rear. The >wn to No. ly of Bng- oondooted ing to-day, wiler iron y we ooold four and a ie instance urifftooar r the man- ihain, Ao.; the satie. iron that id espeei* nables n«, (ffnmana- -M years ting any- )h or Boe- n-^w they •n with* me ether OD Inthe yreporta This is efforts of on mura- a. They fefiiMWtu«kiiag wrought spike, to which there is nothing aopoiior Itnown i and the same might trathfaUroe said of their dhain cable and boiler iron, we onderstand, moreover, that they are jost aboat entering npon the fdlfillment of a oon- traot to sai^ly oar Qovemment with aqaantity of oolombiads; vvhioh, if made of the dnoiile «od tenaeiona Lake Superior iron, may aorely be re- lied upon wherever iron is troated. We nave no change to report either in the num- ber or atyle of the fSma tliat have been engaged in the iron bnnneas during the past year, with, perhapa, one gratifying exception. Meaars. Gan- aon t Co. have erected a number of commodious buildinga in the upper part of the city, for the manufa^ure of atovea. Theae gentlemen have been the pioneeia in tlua buaineas here, and it Sivea ua pleasure te aay, that although but a abort me in operation, they are already reaping an abundant reward for their enterpriee. It re- quires no aoothaayer to predict that, with iron in abundance, fuel cheap, and good facilities for tranaportatioo, Meaara. Qanaon A Co. will be auo- oeaaful, and our merchants content if they do no more uan aave the freight from the eastern market, on all atovea that are sold here. ,. , . Tlie Crnckery Trade* N'^^hing especially remarkable has transpired in this brancliof trade during the year past. The sales may be set down as rather below the aver- age—say 9160,000 in our four principal houaea. In common with other branches, however, our crockery merchants have sold only for oaah and ahort.paper, and the reault is. they are in a more bliailEiil state <^ feeling than they would otherwise be with their diminiahed sales. One of our mer- chants, at least, with charaoteristio eaterprise, has this year, aa for several yeara past, imported £ng- gliah crockery, directly from the manufactories, per our lake vessels. If the cheapness of trans- portation has not more than counterbalanced the delay, it must be aatisfactory for him to reflect that he has done his portion towards fostering di- rect trade with Europe. A clear seer may discam in the viataof the fnturo that, with slightly in- crea$ed faeUittes for a large trade, (if no war in- tervene) direct European and other foreign com- merce with our lake citiea will equal the present commerce of our seaboard. A goodly portion of the goods in our crockery stores is now from American workahops, vis : — glaas- ware, almost uniformly; cutiery, the great- est part; brittania. Iron and pewter ware; lan- terns ; earthen and yellow ware. We have seen specimens of tliis last description of goods from American artisans, the irUri'Hc beauty of which would compare iaborably with any table ware known; altiiou^, of course, not being in the present atyle, it muat wait to be appreciated. . A orookery, merchant, in oonversing with us a few days since, gave it as hia opinion, that were our beat yellow ware manufactured in England, tfao Amerioan people would at once become enamored with it, and use it to the exclusion of all other ware for the same purposes. Should a demand ariae, we could undoubtedly fumiab forms of this ware requisite for every domestic use; Boots and Sbocs* Binoe oar last Acnoal Report the boot and shoe •J-.H..U". buaineas ''Mms to have been faUIflg inte fewer hands. Tiiere is a siukller number of flrou in the business than in tither 1859 or 1860. Our home maaufitctare has inoreaaed eondde^- ably and the whole bnaineaa haa not been dimin- iahed. Some firma are now maldng mora than one-half of the gooda they aell, and there are more journeymen employed than in any fonrsr year. I he facility for the manufacture of boots and ahoea here are now almost equal to those of any place. Here are extensive taD'«ries convMiient, and bark and hides are plenty/ at hand. Upper stock, kips and calf skins. Busaett sheep skms, moroccos and bindinga are all made here. We have a last and crimp factory. The aalea of 1861 are quite up to the amount of any previona year, and the proportion of home- made goods is greater than any fennor year. There are about twenty firms engaged in the businesa, all of whom de something in manufiw- nring. .. ..,;-..%!<' >.. /, , Fare. ■ _, , There are two shlpmeots of Furs annually to England, one to meet the Mardi sales, and the other tLe September sales. The Fan accnmnlated here, as in other BSates^ are forwarded to shippers of New York, who, under the name of the American Far Oom- pany, consign their cargoes to Bamwm dt Co. London, England. Many of these For.* find their way back agidn, having been purchased by our Fur Manufacturers. The si&ea imme- diately succeed those of the Hudsoo's Bay Company's. There are a few Marten (sable) skiBB ob- tained here, and the very dark reaUze an al- most fabnlouB price, being sold for Bui>8iaa sable. Muskrat or " Musquash," aa they are technically called in the U-ade, is becoming a very popular Fur, both from its durability and its proximate appearance to the mink, in fact it is now getting a new name, and Is called River Mink, and when colored is atyled German Mink. Raccoon, Fisher, Foxs and Bear skins a,re mostly shipped to Europe for the Leipsic market Skunk skins are also largely used in the Nonhern parts of Germany, and ini Russia they undergo a preparation which gives them the appearance of Fisher. Our weasel is virtually the Ermine, but so few are caught that commercially they amount to nothing. Detroit Board of Trade. «';,.«, Moore. Fnote A Co. ° ' Johnian k Wheeler. Peter He kel. Haywood A Ollphant, PBODUOB, OOMIIIgllOa, Ao. J. Aapmail ft >>on. Anderaon A Denton. AuRuatuB K. Binell. <;}eorge W. Btsiell. H. P Biidte BiUmn A Marvin. G. B. DiokiiiaonAOo. JotanO.Brwla. VOBWAROIHO. Keith A Oarter. John Patton. iNiinRiHoa. Ben. Vernor. ?OBWABOINa, OOMMiaSIOK. B. P. Bradv & Oo. WUMams & Oo. Blaok ft Toung, B. O'Grady. ^ Newbarnr ft €k>. Dunean Stewart. I-" (:l ,Uv.i^ 38 i it: . JobaBntohlnii. ,, , W. a Q. GUlwpla. _ , MkmuaAos. Tiua r Qjnjta O. Jonm. K. K. Rtoa. f , -, 0, : ML Jattuoa * Bon. J. A. ^mikrong. . ^ Alexander LewiB ft Oo. Robert BelL :■> .r'l '>o OeonteO. Idusdoa. J. D, Hayes. -in Ki-drnf ^•3J'''^7^ J. rf. MMten. /"j J. D.Standijh. Towo A aiielden. . r^ IJ B. B. Stlmson. -' Idvard Orr .a-^ ,•,.. U. A. Sheldoa. OROOKIBT. " ^ SHPOirilBHS, 4C. R. W. SlDK. E. W, Hodson. ■'x>TS sHowAHOLiATBn. M.;B.Ward. < ,' t M. p. Baldwin A Oo. H.N. Strong. HARDWABi. v. O. Merriok A Oo. Bahl A 0acharme. ' rvOapt Geo. Woivarton. J). B. A W. R. Noyet. Oapt Peter Ralph. owxmam. Joim Bloem. O. A R. MoMUIan. SDr. B- M. Olark . StepheuA Beattj. t^ u Ofllcars for 1861. " ' "' ^ /VMidm^-aBORGI! W. BISSBLt. Via* Pre»Uimta—AiMXAm*H Lawn. A. B. Bis8ii.l. Z>ireotor«— Janet Asoinall Peter Tonng. H. J. Book- lev, aeorge McMillan, 0. H. Bahl, B. B. Maihuwi. H. W. Newoenr, and the President and Vice Presidents. C%MnmMa«o/iZsr«r«nc6-JohnHatchine8, 0. It. Saf- ford, George O. Lanvdoo. Standkig CommittM on Ttupeetton of Flour and Orain—a. P. Bridge, Peter Toon^ G. B. Dickinson. Seeretarv and lr«a«urer—R, Haddock. ;. r..u! , I<«*dlac Import*. r">'i ^k"" 18«1. ISW. AIoohoLbbis , 9,g68 6.5S1 Ashes, casks .8,718 4,627 ApDles.bb1s lOasg ]4,0M Baoon, boxes 7,270 7,870 Beans, bn 83,879 9,88!) Bailer.ba 69.734 110.199 Reef. bbis. 46.3>M Butter, lbs 3,879,137 3.096.000 Oonhba 9eo,60C 666,849 OottoB bales 6.898 8.03i) Oattleno 71,6S1 70,771 goal, ton ae.8ti73< 26.880 opper.tons 6.700 9.290 Dried fruit, bbis 1,4I<6 2,016 Dressed hoiSi No 6P.471 ....o. B«gs,bb> 11,331 14.196 Flour, bbis 1.261,104 842.176 Peed, bags i:4S.ll8 64,420 Pars, pkgs 23:66 4,690 fIshtbblB. 9.464 18.731 GlaiB. boxes 17.632 27,663 Hides. No 119,830 103,026 HMiWines, bbis 81.214 11.270 Hans tos 4,4*0 6,360 HogS.N^ 129.056 63,441 Hoops. M 8.84a Iroo. bars.No 61.432 73.460 Iron, bundles 37,009 23 883 iron, piK, tons 2,920 3.310 Lumber. M, 6,974 1336S Lard, bbis 21.608 33000 Leather, rolls 8.4W 3.186 Meal, bbli 8,860 14,109 0«tB,bu 2^9.986 179,598 Pork.bUs 63.987 54.121 Pe ts and skins, bund 7,008 1 6,636 Plaster, ions 6876 10,703 Peas.ba 4,113 2.6.6 PoUtoes, bags. : 71.696 9,716 RfCbu 16,981 19,128 Rxvs. bale.< Alcohol, bbis 6,645 ' 7.106 A8he>, casks 3 227 7,25$ Apples, bbis 81,750 23,340 Aie and beer, bbis 7,704 Beef, obis.. 35,760 22,931 Batker.lbc ^W&M£ 4W«.g Barley, bo. MW 2,i Baeob bozai - • «... • 8.717 9,1 §S?2f*b'S- - - :^^^ :^'^^ ^i^':'. ' A'S elSfS Oattle, head • • • . . : «8,174 59 096 Gheese, boxes • 4486 Oaudle]. boxes, • - -,, - - 6,871 ...... Cotton, bales ,.....,;*., - 6.896 8,ilJ Brested bogs, No. • ' Pit. & ..; r»' 60,914 .'96.111 Dried Rrult. bbis, e .trr •; >i - 9,684 KiWbbls, - - 'v'^ . V 8.914 14.196 Flour, bbis. • ■ ... .1.26l28ii 80^619 Feed,bags, 6.716 PIsh,bbU 8.444 16.976 Fnr8,p*kg8 1.660 4,136 GIMS. boxes. 8.981 Hides. No. ^^, 98,612 87,88J Hlgbwlnes. bbis. .... y/Q^izi 4,672 Hay, tons 978 980 Hams,^tcs. 6.241 6.447 Iron. ban. 6950 6,468 Iron, bundles 9.814 1.620 Iron, ptg, tons 878 875 Iron scrap tons .... 934 Lard, bbis... 22,882 80.125 Leather, rolls - . - - - 18,018 10,805 Liquors and irines, bbis. . 1,892 LurabwA M. 28,911 44,684 Maltbags 6 860 5.869 MeaLbbls. 8 009 1L191 Nails, kegs ..... Isu ...... Oat&bniE. 3I»,167 309,805 Oil.bbls 6.860 .v.... Poricbl* ^, • - ■ . - 48,791 49.r0 Pelts and skins, bund. . . 7.X ..is- We] of mat daring llth« I from t season thongb inmidi eiyif 1 on her steame tbeer,NW Seam B IyI 18.M7 1}, »2.[!ii ll .; ; ■.. •••••• ri'f -Sim 99 )» .' (*, '/ i > ) I ) I 5 I i 8 2 1 9 i 7 ) 1 1 ) 1 A IB «> ■; 4 6 8 7 17 14,196 80^519 15.978 4.136 S7'.60J 4,672 980 6.447 6,458 1.620 875 saias iy.806 44i584 5.S69 1L191 iKro 7.14S §0)645 W40 7.695 6,230 1,607,757 4,468,711 -.in, -!■ MtdstaveB roes M. Of )d on the Banroad, ;he rnling e foreign I the pe- Ihere was demand I 112,00.— sod, bat 'tained of lona with been few le woald It wonld ices this er on (he vc which |oid de* Id proba> itil abouu > Detroit jrear was s. The dtobe a HatliMt We herewith present an abstract statement of matters connected with oar Lake marine daring the season of 1861, commencing March lltb« at which date steamers were rnnning from this to points above, and doshigthe season's operations with December 81st, thoogh at this time navigation is still open as in midsommer, and the propeller Montgem- eiy is npward bound from BnfUo to Chicago on her retnm trip from the latter place. This steamer we learn will continne rnnning on tbe.above route until navigation finally closes. Navigation between this port and Port Hnron commenced on the 11th of March, and to Cleveland the 16th. The first arrival from Cleveland per sail-vessel was the Schooner Preble, with a cargo of coal— from Toledo, the Schooner Freeman, Oapt. Clark W< New- ball. The first arrival by steamer from Cleveland was the May Qneen, Capt. Viger. The Steamer Pearl conamenced plying be- twfsen this port and Maiden, March 14th. The raute was occupied previous to that date by the Steamer Clara, for some two weeks. Navigation to Bnfiido from this port was open April 9tfi, and the first arrival here from that lucaUty was the propeller Queen ®f the Lakes, Captain Crary, which steamer reached this port on Thursday the 11th. The propeller Iowa arrived from same port on the same day. :"■, .^ .. '.^'-i ''\,.v Navigation to Chicago was resumed on the 23d of April, the first propeller passing through the Straits being the Prairie State, which steamer reached here Thursday the 25lh— during the (orenocu, ^followed by the propeller Montgomery. During the afternoon of the same day, four others arrived, viz:—- the Neptunef, Granite State, Michigan and ' Ogdensbnrgh. We, of course, can state no- thing relative to the dosing of navigation in "'H%\, as up te the dose of the year it re- '/lalued an open question. i ut hardly necessary to state that at lao y.co' 9 seasoA's commerce of the lakes has the. o been so many steam, and sail craft afloat as that of 1861. The foUowhig sum- mary of vessels passing this port will explain on tbathead: rABSIDOP. i. .. No. tlitiei. I860. 1861. Heamtn. t^O l,aiu Pfooellen. sao l.ti09 Barks. 57B tOi Brba, 3 538 nclud- iBg Seowe, 3.440 Brigs. JSch^ra 1.^ 1.6:x> 793 604 6.040 The prevailing winds during the months of March and April were northerly and wester- ly ; May, 8E and southerly ; June, August and October, SW and southerly, and Novem- ber, NW. Seamen's wagea Jbave ranged daring the sf.^ason from |16 p«r month to |2.60 per day. Soime vessels which took their, departuxo quite late for Chicago paid seamen as high as three dcUars per day. There has been engaged in the towing ser- vice be"' V^r.ili:. We acknowledge ourselves greatly Iniiebt- ed to tbe kindness of J. H. Mem, Esq. Audi* tor of the D. and M. B. B., and J. H. Mas< TBS, Esq., of the statistical department of the M. C, B. B., who have furnished us with a mass of niost valuable matter, part of which we are compelled to reserve for use hereaf- ter. These genUemen can have no superiors in their profession. We also feel greatly in- debted to the clerks of the customhouse, the various railroad ofSces, and other friends for their kindness ard courtesy. Report of th« Snperlntendeikt of tli»! Saolt Caaal. We are in possession of the Annual Re- port of Gao. W. Bbown, Esq., Superin- tendent of the Sault Canal. It is a suc- cinct and buQiness-like document, and pre- sents a very satisfactory exhibit of the busi- ness of the Canal for the past year, in spite of the diminution of traflSc. While the re- ceipts are one-third less than last, and nearly the same amount has been expended m Tessels are easier and more quieklylockodjis this, they can hadle themselyes in the locks. When the gates are opened, they pass on i but the sail vessels very often have to be drkwn firom one lock to the other by hand. Also in passing in and out of the Oaoal they have to be managed and controlled by hand, and oonsequant- lyeolUsionB are frequent a jinavddable with the ntes, canal walls and pie; . "It may be Interesting to yc thepeoide of the 8tat^ to know where tliu>. vessels are wned, and tiius determine who pays the t -^^ ■■*-^-~ ■ x-— Berides the reoomueDdatibn implied in the above statement, the Superintendent recom- mend* the passage of the act authorizing the Board of Control to remove the obstruction in the 'direr part of the canal, and a change of tline for the expiration of the term of office of the 8aperlntend«nL Healso npooiBMiidf the passing of a jofaii leMdntion oaUing iqton the General Ooremment to repair the fort and adopt such other means as may be thought best to guard tihe caDfd. The following is a oompahidve'ibtitemeBt showing the receipts, expenses, and amount deposited for a term of years : i>«i>ositediHth i1 ,«1 : >x BioJii) i'li Beedptt, 1856 S 4,37i.«6 vm. tmM 1867. 9.400.74 1868. ia888 87 1889 16.941.84 186r 8SH8.80 1861 16,672.16 Slate TNaS'r. S 8h^J7.48 11,1(142 16vW»» IQ.1W.67 §,499.87 9.789.34 9,78670 6,(B7.6S Tablb ihowioK the number of Tons of Ooppar, Ireo and Oraln, Ao., pawios throush the Oanal for the jaar 1861, Articles. Total. Tons ooppar Ore, 7,646 ToDBlro' Ore, 44,8S6K TonaPlitl'on, 8^484 Tons iroB Bara 7WX Tons Groaad reed, 1,71134 Tona Powder, SzejK Fioar, bbla. 23.743 Wheat, bo, 328 Ooane Gtala. 76,830 B«ef, bbls. 1,961 Forlcbbls, 2,713 Bacon, bbla, 680 Lard, bbla, 3!9 Butter, lbs, 217,712 Oheeie. lbs, 69,014 TtUow, lbs, \^m Oandlea lbs, 99,116 Soap, box and bbla, 1,926 Aoplea. bbls, 3,M1 Dried WrCi, lbs, 44,9% Snnr, lbs, 282,390 OoBue, baas, 60S Tea, chests, 765 Teaetables, bn, 14,479 Salt, bblk 3,014 yiaesarrbbla, aei .Articles. Tobacco, \\m, Ooa), tons. Mer^smie, Lime, bbr IiBmber, ihlna' ^ tatfa, M, VotaL 4,200 una, 4.7g« 1,840 438. Win^o-7 Glata. Hay tdnt, Botaaa and Hales. Oattle^beada, Sheep, heads. Hogs. Briok, M. Vumlture. pea. Hides. . Vurs and Pelts, bdla, 11244 Maohinerr, tras, 4K^ 2.660 1,109 987 4K 6,967 1.42S jtagimeiand wasoDsand rsh, bbla. Liquor, bbla^ Malt. lbs. Passengers, iiers. ^'i.iSx 7,142 32,032 9,W Chw ItAke BapeHor Timilo* The following is a statement of our leading exports to Lake Superior last season, as gleaned from the books of our shippers. We have forwarded about one-third more flour than Glevehuad and Chicago ccMubined, irtiidi was far from being the oaae in 1880. Our city is gradually attaining the poslti oaii ;»,Ti (lli> i> :i.i riiflfl'i .AKB I Raported f( Id relat nperior,! ememb<>] raordinai Jopper, p dversity old, in J ash, the 66e. Ti lents, eaa lassed int onsequei 861 can rices ma ]g the 1 er prant! D prices 1 itio , bi tanoes oi rdinary < llfttes b&t houstind irodncFd emaindei 'ennessei f the La] ipoD the be civil v he accuE Dortihs. anies r ng the he low isastrou! owed bj hem Din if ecoDon ited, Be t [mate, c fthe CO need at ivea to ably rec rork, aD< he mice! rork. opper ii inormoai be coDtii aciility treferenc lotterdai irands ^orks ar lew Yor iaaed un Novemb >ral gove !6 C3nt8, jalllDgiq^n ■tr the Fort \B tMf be B'BtitemeBt vaA amount Deported iHth ,/iKB SUPBRIOR COPPKR MINKS. Annual RcTleinr for 1861< ' * 11.1M« :» Vkmit io.m.67 mr.lNBMid . rlt 9 1.073 , 1,488 »#••••••■•« X»*^i 7Sl S::::::::: ^ i. 887 I.... 1,812 18 S41 903 inonVbito. 803 41 Rworted for the Deb'olt Da*If Tribona bf Sup«e. B«ok A Skylea. Boston.] Id relation to the Mining Interesfs of Lake aperior.the year jast now closed will bA long emembored as having witnessed the most ex- aordinary flactnations in the prices of Ingot lopper, prodncing thereby, the extremes of dversity and prosperity. This metal was old, in Joly, at aeTentean cent) per ponnd, , the lowest price in the market since 860. Tihday boldera refuse twenty-seren flDts, eash. Be^ ii) the present steok has assed into the hands of tuaDnfacttirlirB, and, ODseqnently, before the profits of ttaining in 861 can be accarately ascertained, the rices may have advanced to figures exceed- ag the maximam of 1867, cr thirty cents «r pinnd, four months. These flactnations Q prices have not been the result ot specn- atio , bnt have been caused by the diatur- tanoea of trade, all over the world. The irdinary consumption of copper in the United Itates has usually been estimated at twelve bousiind tons per annual. Lake Superior »rodncFd in 1860, sil thonsa id tons. The emainder was obtained principally from lenoessee, Canada and Cbili. The opening f the Lake navigation, ia May last, brought ipoD the market, already, ia consequence of be civil war.overstocked with foreign copper, he accumulated preduct of the previous six Qouthe. The necessities of several oom- lanies required immediate sale.', reduc- ng the price in one instance, to he low rate named above. But the isastrous prices were, after all. foi* owed by positively beneficial re&uits to he m Ding intere<eoemb»v« 1861. The pr'.Qes are substantially the average of each month 1«57. 1868. 1'69. 1>;60. 1861. January 28X 19>4 ^4 aiH Wk February 29 i!4 25 26 19jJ March... 27^ 24 24 -a 1»2 April 27X 2iX 23^ 23X 19^ May 27 21>i 2J nn 19 June...i i«6K 22H 21X 21X 18>i July ao}< 22 a2H aiX 17>4 AuBUS* ^4X 21>< S'4 20>i 17X Beptember 24 23>» 2JK '^V,^ 20,^ October 24 ia>i ai>i2IJ< vOX November 2lX 23 '^2 2U>t Ua Deoembe- 20 3i>i 23 20 -45 Oompartlvetab e of sbtDmentgOi rou«h copper nom Lake Superior, during the seasons ot ItJStf, 1860 and 1361. Toe weights of tbebtfreiB nave been deducted and the resuits are given In toes (2 OUO lbs.) and teaths, KswauiAW oiBTaior, ^„^_^ ^^^ 1869. 188?. 1861. Amygdaloid. la*e Oonneotlcut .... .... ,^ Oentral 172.8 78.6 168. Olark 6.6 .7.2 Ooonectisut 24. 63 .... Capper Vails 329.4 82a. 872. Kagle River 6. .... .... (Jarden Oily .... 10.3 North Amerioan 8.7 .... •33.9 North-west 73.8 103.6 62.8 Phoealx 82. aU 46.9 Plttsburs and Boston 1,254.6 1,867. 1,4U6.6 Summit ^. •••• ■••• 1,910.3 1.910.8 nJl \l m m 42 «rs! -«Sf.fx: f; IBmbt ud Botton. I. ODonglaM. POBTAOa LAXI DUTBIOT. im. 1S60. tmnkltB 24 luooek raron letnwd. %«htblo . >ertMe.. aw,? «67. 7.8 7.4 7.8 «. 734.4 1.^8 a7 .. 806. 860. 1.683,1 8.0.'i6 OHTOBAOOV DIETBIOT. 1869. I860. . £9 7 4.9 Adrentnre 189.4 ih(in1u.*>«. • 8. .ewMD Binff. 27. 41.9 dntSteel River _ ftinUtoD 7. 7,9 lowlton ..«•» SI 12.8 DM«t« I.«i8.« 2,188.4 loi snal Jorwioh.. Eooklaiidi RBMrior.. VdUm.... 823.2 0.8 29. 85.4 278 847. 1.7 9.4 727.8 "4 22. 862.7 14. Ktweenaw Dlftrlot... Portal* OBtanaRon " Ponapice Uonntun.. Boadry minet 2,597.6 1859. 1,910.3 1.638.1 a.697.tf 8.610.7 1860L 1.9ia8 8,0646 3,610.7 S0.5 76 4.708.6 1^61. 8.3 7.6 70.6 1.6 11.4 1.880.4 943. 7.3 81. 4R in manufacturing or railroad iuTeii ments. Closikg QuoTATioirs, December 31, 1861. TAll the Mining Coaipsnies are organised wii 20,000 shares] Copper Falls, 5.12 to 6.60 ; Geg tral.O to6.26; Franlilin, IB to 18.50; Haneocl 3.26 to 3 50 1 rsle Roy ale, 11 .76 to 12 1 Mesnar 137 to 1.60; Minnesota, 6676 to 67; Nationi 32 to 33 (' Petlieriok, 1.60 to 2 ; Pewabio, 24 60 1 26 ; Pittsbargh and Boston, 43.60 to 44 ; Pontit 0.50 to 0.76; Quinoy, 3360 to 34; BocUand, to 16.60; Superior, 2 to 3; Toltec, 1.37 to l.E( Fl« Id Grain In Store la Detroit. The stoclc of floar in Detroit to-day, Jan. 31, i as follows: At MIohican Central depot bbis Bn.l80 At Detroit itnd Mil vaakee depot S6 090 At urand Trunk depot 1,100 In private warehonses 81,175 ToU' , .P7.4J6 Dedaot thronsh ireliiht. 78.690 Leaves stook on band 28.806 [Among the through freight la inoladed 2,501 bUs. owned here, consigned mt.] The stock on hand at the close of navigaUoi was almost nothing. The stock of grain on hand ia as follows : Wheat. Oorn. Oats. Rn M. 0. Kleva^or. IfS.nnO 98 roO 21.000 — D. and M BlflTator.... 18,000 a7(.0 Other Blavatora and warehonaes 791W) — — 8,(0 163,100 101700 '211900 86 The stock of wheat on hand 26th Deo., 1861, was 129.400 bu; oorn 77,000 bo.; oats, 39,700 bi ,1 ) rely, than tU caaes of e^ more commoi ks. In othd t and loss aq discQBsed ailroad invc )er 31. 1861. organised wid 2 to 550 ; Ced 3.50; Haneo«|j ) 12 1 Meanaii 67 } Nationil iwabio, 24 60t to 44; Pootii i Bockland, 11 ,0, 1.37 to 1.65f Im Detroit. day, Jan. 31, i «n.MO SSOM ::::::::::mS •« M.4P6 .....78. WO .38,806 inoladed 2,50 I ie of navigati 1b follows : I. Otto. R}tj 21.000 8^ lO siMO n[ 25th Deo., 1861J oati, 30,700 bt . ♦♦■ We are manufacturing Stoves at our Foundry, Hamtramck, IN" EVERY Vi^EIETY, M y% ■ ^''k '■^•/? '".-^^ t BOTH FOTL ~^^^ '^a^i' ''^^ ^^ ^ ^^' eooiiiii m mmim Purposes, and solicit the patronage of intending purchasers. , 'The advantages in buying from Home manufacturers are numerous, and it would be well for dealers to consider them before purchasing elsewhere. f.s-... w...,"^-.r:-^?.c aA.N80N & CO. 0£GLce, 180 Woodward Ave., »«a ..' • -..xy. a A .-iVJi Xr TOWN & SHELDEN, '^<^ »:•"? w » 'K'' ..a (SuooesBors to Z. Chandler & Oo.,) ** ^'. i ,*. &s W •T«r IMPOR'FERS AND JOBBERS «. , .. .- J' .- ■ : A.-, IVoo ^3 Woodward Avenue, e. OHANDLBR, Special Partner, REUBEN, TOWN, ALLAN SHELDEN. 1 DETiilT, MICH. i.i FARRAND, SHELEY & CO. . •■ .' V ^'^J* \ \. )•■ /' -4--' ■ ..*^^ WHOLESALE DEALERS IN DRUGS & GROCERIES Paints, Oils, Window Glass, ' VARtttsHEs, tmmtz, etc. No. SO "^^oodward. -A^venne, i! H ^ J. S. FARRAND, A. SHELKY; WM. 0. WILLIAMS. DETROIT, Mich. 'tt^^^t^^S^^^^^^^nf^^f^f^^^t^** ,ii' JOMiiiN & m LEi 9 AND COxlMISSION MERCHANTS, r oils, Hwii snmu, miccii, fish, silt, m\ f-T'' ^■** -Z'/'-k ■^ GLASS, NAE.S, LEAD, WOODEN WARE, &0., 21 "Wood-ward ^vemie. H Q HI H Q p. PARSONS, Bpecial Partner,; WALDO M. JOHNSON, R. O. WHEELER. ' W DiTieii :s eh. rs "I 5, m C?*,?:.. ]4 ii Pi 1 Gteat MiMd'^ to ClMbth^Spebial TnnrwM <^«« iSumi^Otiiy. » > » Jtuponflng t»«»«!itetiay paper cheaper than we have hrrrtofor* done, and ohaaMrttaaa 'tv o4ii lume to do after the war, and at an fndooemont to PoatmaBtera andothi>ra to exert themwiyaatogut op tfnw— wa propoae, for the nreiieni nenson only, to tend the Dbtroit Wbiklt TaiapaatoOItibaof n«w •abaeriboraat the following GREATLY REDUCSD RATES, payable invariably in advaaee. TBBHIS, AD1MBBS8BD TO BJ OXI SUBSORIBBII. jingle paper, $1.00 per year. Single copy ordered afn* to any Pott Oflloe where we aand a paekaga |1 • year aa aaoal. ^ ' Tail Coplea, addrtttti to each tuhstribtr, $10, and an <>x^ra eopy to the peraon who g«ta np the 01^. Twbrtt-Onb ooplea, addreued lo each tubaeriber, f SO, and an extra copy to the peraon who gala op the Olnb. FoBTT-Ona ooplea, addreued to each tubteriber, $40, and a oopy of the Tai^WaaxLT TaTrnma to the patlon who geta ap the Club : or Fortt-trrbb ooplea, addreaaed, tM $40, and a oopy of the " Weekly *> to ih'a peraon who geta npthe Ulub. Bbvbmtt.Two coplea, addrttttd to each tubaeriber. $70, and a ropy of tlja Daily Tribvxb to the peraon who geta np the ciab, or aevonty-Hevrn coplea, audreaMsd, for $70, and a copy of (he '' Weekly' to the|>eraon who geta up the Club, iind at that rate for any largtr number. TBBnS TO OliVBS 9BNT TO ONB ADDRB88. Twelve copies to one address, - $10.00 Twent7-five copies to one address 20.00 Fifty.one copies to one address, - 49.00 Low terma Sizty-flve copies to one address, $60.00 One Hundred copies to one addveis, 76.00 ' Therecnlar price for aingle anbacrlptlona In pnckngea being $1 a year, it la hoped the abava very t < laba otfer romunertittun autllolent to induce Poatniaatera and othera to get up laMa Olubt immediately. The aBove terma are utered for thia aea«oa only, for reaaona al van. ~ THE DETKOIT WEEKLY TUIBUNB ia now in Ita Thirteenth Year. It la a Larirer, Cheaper, Had. for MIohigan readera, a better Fami y Mewapaper thm any New YorkAof other B«iHtom Paper pubiiahed. It eontaina Eight Pu«ea of Snven tiolatims each, and ta Ittrger than nnSKew York TVi&une. It ftirniahea to Michigan readera all Innportant QenernlNewa, aa fatly and later than any New York Paper, Md Telagranhle, Foreign, Domeatio, Eaatern and Home Market N«wa three to foot daya later than any NeV York Weekly Paper , which, with ita Agrienltural, Commerotal, Mlaoellaneoua, and State Newa De- partment,— giving, eaen week, a aummnry of all intereating and important Looal News from al parts of MKHilgan— Ita devotion to the Local and General Intereataof Mlohjsan— give to t|p eolumna attraetiona which oitiaena of MIohigan cannot find in ANY N«w York or other Baftern Paper, And which cannot but mike It a more welcome viaitor to the Family Circle, the Firmer, Mecbanio, Merchant, or Prolbsalonal Msn, and give to the Dbtxoit TaiBtTRB auperlur elairoa to their patronage. Regular reliable oorroapondenta with each of tho Michigan Regimentatn thaArmy.andlnWaahington. will oonttnna to give the readeia ol Tss Dbtboit Tribdrb fbli and accurate aceounta of the movedienta of onKMichignn Boldiera daring the war, and of the doinga of Congreaa. In thia feature, Tb« TribomS baa co aopSrlor in (he State, aait haa not in general intertat or amount and variety of oarefully aelected newa and Iwftlly readiqg, while the attention paid to our own. Stale nuUtera makea it for tne Miobigan reader, whettw Farmer. Meehanie, or other, auperlor to any Eaatern paper. WBT One dollar a year will be invariably charged for each eopy ordered addreited to tubaeribenl in any of the inat named dab paekagea. ■9* Baob aabaorlber to the Wbbv ..t Txisviib aent in a package, oan renew bia Bubaoriptlon, at the end of the time paid for tit $1 a year. Ki" Wnen a Cab haa been forwarded, additiona may be made to It on tb« some terma, by tbeperaon whe arat it in. r 9^ Speoi0';n coplea aent when reqaeated. Money, properly negiatered, may be aent to aa^nai) THE DETROIT TRt-WEEKLY TBIBTJNE b pabllahed every Toesday, Thoraday aiid Botatday morniog, and sent by mail to all parte, on the morning of pablieatton. , Tbb Tri- Wbiklt TaiBirxB eontaina all the isteat gMieral, eommereial and market newa of two days of tne Dally. For thoae who can only get a trt-weekly.mali, and, in these esoiUug tlmea deaire the newa onMer than once a week, it la the obeapeat and beat ^per pabllahed. Tbbms,—$1 for four montha ; Single eopy $3 per annum : two ooplea, $S ; Ave oopie« to oneaddren, |10 ; any larger namber at aame rote. THE DETROIT DAILY TRIBUNE la ttabllahed Morning and Evening, and ia aent to all parts of the State by the ftrat mail, expreaa, ridtread and other eopveyanee, giving the sary iatut Tel««rapfa, Comnneroial, Marine, Political and General Hswa, Foreign and Domtstlo. TxBM.'^le per year; t#o eoplea, fll ; four eopies, $20. m4i . '-i TBBltES TO IfBUrS DBAIe|l|k Dealera at tlie following ratea, andaeni by dtail or byBxpreia, on any oCtbe Rnilroads at one quarter less than mall rsteiu vis.: The DAILY or Tai Wbxklt Tribonb at the i^te of $1 60 per 100, fbr twenty «r more eoplea, The Werklt TBisvm at $t.eo per lOO copies where 100 are ohKtred, or at the rate of $1.1 26 to 100 copicB. ' Address, . H. BAKNS & CO p«r 100 for , Publuher$, Jhtroit,Mieh, -ftir hMy. TltIBUNB«« •, •n4thef«t i«lVM to gut op C^abf of nriBaa, ri^r«t« QenenlNaiwt, t the follofwlirg •t«l^ vli.: ^.i» par 100 for oit,Jfieh. ^ , .^'