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T :» . >t,f;' 1, i 1)7/5 This little Volume is merely intended as a picturesque guide in, and about Quebec, without entering into any detail or history of the Cit^^^ ; strangers visiting Quebec, it is hoped, may find their rambles facilitated by the perusal of this work, which is all that is aimed at by the publication. r? u ; - ,; "t 'v?: • ill >> It is desirable that strangers arriving in Quebec should so dispose of their time as to be enabled to embrace several objects in a given period. The following remarks will allow them to accomplish this; but it is to be observed that our American friends unfortunately visit Quebec as the last " lion'* in their tour^ and generally embark in the steam- boat from Montreal, remain twenty-four hours, and then return, without seeing any thing except a cursory view of the city; whereas Quebec and the environs abound in the most romantic and charming - i 3 -I , "I. I ' It \iew8, certainly not equalled in the Canadas, and to all admirers of the beauties of nature affording a rich treat. We suppose our friends to have arrived at Quebec preparing io take their first view.— It is a good plan to ascend to the highest spot in the neighbourhood; from such a place the whole country lies as a map before you ; have a person that is con- versant with the site of the towns, villages^ and any natural feature of the scenery worthy of remark to accompany you. This gives the spectator a general knowledge of the locality of the neighborhood^ and will render more clear his future rambles. From your lodgings proceed to the Ciladel, place yourself near the inclined plane^ within the works — from this spot the river, up and dowh, including within the view the opposite banks of the Saint Lawrence, crowned by extensive plains, terminated by aerial mountains, the distant shores of Beauport, the chains of mountains extending to Cape Tour- nnent, with the Island of Orleans between the shores, forming the magnificent basin of Quebec, offers a coup d'ceil hardly surpassed on earth. From the top of the signal house, the splendid panorama of the city and country needs no remark — it is unrivalled ; indeed the boasted bay of Naples will not gain much in the comparison. The walk along the ramparts above the Esplanade is a delightful promenade, enlivened by extensive and beautiful views ; the eye rests with a peculiar feeling on the small group of hills which forms the portal to the wilderness, untrod by any human being except the Indian hunter, as far as Hudson's Bay • indeed it is worthy of remark, that the lower range of mountains seep from Quebec, is the boundarj', as yet, to all civiliza- tion — ages will probably pass before cities and yillages will proclaim the dominion of man in this Lx \> ^^ t : I '' m r^ ./ desert; when tlietide of popiiliitioii in (oo (liiik for the banks of the Su Lawrence to contain, (hen these northern forests will yeild to the axe. and the severity of the climate bend to the genial influence of human industry. At sun-set, when the tid^isat its height, the river St. Charles is seen to (he most advantage, having its shores studded with white buildings illu- minated by the rays of the declining orb, while momentarily resting on the chain of hills above the beautiful Yal Cartier. On the promenade between the upper and lower gardens atlached to the Castle, stands an obeli&k, erected by subscription, to Mont^calm and Wolf* The proposal of erecting a monument to these celebrated men ori<2:inatcd withXiord Dalhousie, who niuni6ccntly contributed to the subscription. Captain Yuung of the 79tli Highlanders composed the design. From this pro*- menade may be seen views extensive and charming, and such as are seldom to be met with in any other known city. The traveller should then descend to the Seminary gardens; on the raised platform over- looking the Grand Battery is another equally beautiful view of the basin of Quebec and the surrounding scenery. Between the monument and the Seminary gardens, you pass through the Place d'Armes. 'the prominent buildings near this spot, are the Court House and the English Cathedral — the beautiful elm tree on the north side of the latter building, is one of the aborigines of the forest ; a few more of the same kind are in the gardens of the d i^ •' m ' "Ji. ] 1 I * As this Monument !» connected with the recollections of two brave men ^ho equally fell in the service of their country and the postkumouN honours, paid to their memories, were dictated by the good feeling of as noble and gallant a soldier as the British Army can boast, some it|r.ther particulars relative to its erection are given in an appendix at the end of these pages. ..,.t;,ti ,vfv. r -|5 a Seminary. The Convent of tlie Recollets was for- merly situated near this spot, and one of the Tombi of the Fathers was here dug up some years since. Here it is curious to read what old Charlevoix prophesies regarding what Quebec will become- — we have lived to see his prophecy fulfilled. " The gardens of the episcopal palace extend to the brow of the rock, the time will come when, as far as tbe sight can reach, nothing will be seen but towns, villas, pleasure houses, and all this is already chalked out, when the great river St. Lawrence, who rolls majestically the waters that he brings from the extremities of the north or west, shall be covered with ships, when the Isle of Orleans and both shores of each of the rivers which form this port, shall discover fine meadows, fruitful hills^ and fertile fields; and in order to accomplish this, there wants only more inhabitants ; when part of the river St. Charles, which agreeably meanders through a charm, ing valley, shall be joined to the city, the most beautiful quarter of which it will undoubtedly form ; when thie whole road shall have been faced with magnificent quays, and the port surrounded with superb edifices; and when we shall see three or four hundred ships lying in it loaded with riches, of which we have hitherto been unable to avail ourselves, and bringing in exchange those of both worlds ; this terrace must afford a prospect which nothing can equal, and that even now it ought to be something; singularly striking." • Though these pages do not profess to give any historical relation regarding the interior of the city, yet a few remarks as to the antiquity and interest of some of the buildings may not be unint'eiesting. — The oldest building in Quebec is the Jesuits* Barracks it was built in 1646 b fore a stone of the TT \. foritfications had been laid. The dwellings enrliest constructed by Europeans at Quebec, ^ere huts erected by the Jesuits on the site of the Hotel Dieu. The Seminary, which adjoins the great Cathedra^ has been several times burnt to the ground — it ha» been much enlarged of late years. The Hotel Dieiii situated above the St. Charles is served by the Nuoft Hospitallers of St. Augustine, of the congfegation of the raercy of Jesus^ the 6rst of whom came originally from Dieppe. The St. Ursuline Convent is situated near St. Louis street ; the Nuns of Hub establishment have extensive schools over which they preside ; to one of these schools the daughters of the first families in Quebec resort for their edu- cation, who are extremely well instructed, and kindly t-reated ; many children of Protestant parents are educated heve, and it is but proper to state, that no influence whatever is made use of, to convert them to the Catholic faith ; the young pupils appealr much attached to their kind preceptors. This institution was founded in 1639, by Madame de la Peltrie — thekfeisa Superieure, forty-two Religteusefi professes, and seven No vises. The house called Mount Carmel Hbuse, sititated under the Citadel in the Upper Town, was origim* ally a guard-ho.use, and on the )>remises there was then a battery, intended as a defence against Indians. Passing between the Post-office and tl^ BooJb- store of Messrs* T. Cary & Co to the Lower Town, the straiiger cannot help noticing a G^M J:>og over the door of the latter establishment; .the.:folJ0wiiig curious history attaches to this dog. •; * '^ •: • r t The house was built by Mou. Phillibert, a vtitiii^ chant residing in Quebec, in the tim« of Monsieur Bigot, the last intendant under; the French f\ i ^TTT* TT mmm mmm >■» w Expenses of this country, were so enormous that one of the Queens of that kingdom archly enquired *' whether the walls of Quebec were built of gold." But to return to the story of the chien d'or — Mr. Philiibert and the Intendant were on bad terms, but under the system then existing, the merchant kncT that it was in vain for him to seek redress in the colony, and determining at some future period to prefer his complaint in France^ he contented himself with placing the figure of a sleeping dog iin front of his house, with the following lines beneath it, in allusion to his situation with his powerful enemy :— " JE SUIS UN CHIEN QUI RONGE l'oS, ' t> EN LE RONGEANT JE PRENDS MON REPOS '-^'-^ UN TEMS VIENDRA QUI n'eST PAS VEND th^ J; fiJ OUB JE MORORAI QUI m'aURA MORDU.'* ; yj This allegorical language was however too plain for Mon. Bigot to misunderstand it. A man so powerful easily found an instrument to avenge the insult, and Mr. Philiibert received, as the reward of his verse, the sword of an Officer of the garrison through his back, when descending the Lower Town hill. The murderer was permitted to leave the colony unmolested, and was transferred to a regiment stationed in the East Indies. Thither he was pursued by a brother of the deceased, who had first sought him in Canada, when he arrived here to settle his brother's affairs. The parties, it is related, met in the public street of Pondicherry, drew their swords, and, after a severe conflict, the assassin met a more honorable fate than his crime deserved, and died by the hand of his antagonist. >'< > The figure of the dog is rudely sculptured, in relievo V but, as well as the letters, is still distinct, and eveQ in good preservation. -^^ >^t^^^*«#i^ r>«i., ^Mii^vHi w m • 'M 'I'l fil '^liMifl ' l^Sf^H ^ \^ v^N 9 i ** In the Lover Town, th« chapel "Surairsale," i.e. not parochial but in aid of the parish church, was built at the expense of the merchants of Quebec, as a^otive offering to the Virgin Mary, on the occa- sion of the loss of Admiral Phipps's fleet. The denomination of that chapel is " I'Eglise de Notre dame de la Victoire.*' A morning's ramble recalling historical recollec- tions and exhibiting beautiful scenery may be indulg- '^ edin by the stranger, when visiting the Plains of Abraham. On leaving the gate of St. Louis, and before getting through the out-works, the traveller will ascend the counter-scarp on the left, which leads to the glacis of the Citadel ; here pursuing a direction to tlie right, and approaching one of the Martello Towers, constructed for the defence of Quebec, by a path pleasingly varied by different '- trees and evergreens, he enjoys beautiful views of the St. Lawrence. When quitting this place, and ascending the right bank, he arrives on the celebrated plains of Abraham near to the spot where General Wolf fell. On the highest ground surrounded by wooden fences, the traveller can clearly trace out the redoubt where Wolf received the fatal wound : it is !>upposcd that he was urging on the attack of this position when he fell. He was carried a few yards to the rear and placed against a rock (since removed) till he expired. Within one of the enclo- sures lower down and nearer to the road is the stone well from which they brought water to him. From this redoubt an excellent panoramic view might be taken of the plains of Abraham and surrounding country. It may be well to observe here, that the English right nearly faced this redoubt, and that on this position rested the French left. The French .army arrived on the plains from the right of this w position^ as they came from Beauport^ and not from Quebec ; and when defeated^ retired down the heights which they had ascended, and not into Quebec. The particulars of this event are too familiar in the recollection to require any mention of them in this sketch, which is intended solely as a guide to the picturesque traveller. In front of the plains, from this position stands the house of March- mont; it is erected on the site of a French redoubt, which once defended the ascent from Wolf's cove, and was the spot where the British army under his comniand landed, and, mounting the banks, carried this detached work. The plains are now used as a review ground for the troops in garrison ; and here has also been established a race course, at which annual meetings are held, and the prizes are furnished from the liberal subscription of the inhabitants of the city and the officers of the staff and garrison. A beautiful ride may be enjoyed. — Leaving St. Louis gate, and passing the plains of Abraham, you arrive at Marchmont, the property of the Govern- ment, occupied by L. H. Ferrier, Esq. the Collector Df the Customs. These grounds are pleasingly )aid out, affording a striking proof of the taste of the former proprietor. Sir J. Harvey, who went to con- siderable expense in improving this beautiful spot. Sir Thomas Noel Hill, who succeeded Sir John Harvey as Deputy Adjutant General in Canada, also resided hers, and duly appreciated the beauties of the situation. The view from t^ie front of the house is very grand ; the walks are shaded with the pine, birch, and oak, and ard terminated by a precipitous descent of one hundred feet to the shores of the St. Lawrence. The river here widens and assumes the appearance of a lake, which is rendered more beautiful by the enlivening appear- 11 ance of numerous merchant ships at anchor, and immense rafts of timber brought from various parts of the Upper Province to be shipped for England, On the opposite side^ the banks of this river are equally high^ and their suMimits are crowned with, beautifully, white cottages^ which contribute to the pleasing diversity of the scene the grounds exhibit. Leaving Marchmont and merely crossing a road, stands the charming villa called Wolfsfield. This seat is the residence of William Price, Esq. whose taste is conspicuous in the disposal of (he grounds. — Nearly opposite to Mr. Price's is a very pretty villa belonging to J. S. Campbell, Esq, A small rivulet separates this property from Spencer Wood, where resided the late Honorable Michael Percival, one of the Legislative Councillors of the province, and Collector of His Majesty's Customs at this port. These park-like grounds, with a noble avenue leading to the house, remind one of England. A ride through these grounds was doubly enjoyed through the liberality of the proprietor, who kindl}^ permit- ted admission to persons desirous to view the/n. At a short distance beyond Mr. Percival's is Woodfield, the residence of W. Sheppard, Esq. The app:<)' ch to this pleasant villa is through long and shaded avenues of red oaks. The views from the grounds are worthy of a painter's study, particularly two, one from the top of a road, and the other half way down leading to the coves. On the top the spectator has a splendid view of Cape Diamond and its finely constructed Citadel, overlooking the river, and commanding two Martello Towers. On the oppo- site side is Point Levi, within one mile of the city, studded with its white cottages interspersed among the dark pines which cover it^ lofty banks, with the churches of Aubigny and Point Levi — in the distance m > A t TfT 12 h seen Cape Tourment. The shores beneath re-echo the rude but cheerful sound of the vast population employed in the timber trade, (the principal article of export from the Canada^ to Great Britain,) whilst loading the numerous Veissels that cover the river in the summer season. The \iliu of Woodfield was originally built by the Catholic Bishop of Samoa, and has been added *to by the several subsequent proprietors, which makes it more picturesque than regular, and assimilating in character with the sombre pines and spreading oak? whjch surround it. The gardens contain the most extensive collection of rare and native plants l^bout Quebec. Leaving this lovely spot, the ride continues through the woods on the edge of the banks that rise from the shore. The views up the river Jire frequent and beautiful, and the embouchures of the Etchemin and Chaudiere, are seen pouring in their Waters from the south, and furnishing the power which moves the extensive manufacturing establishments of Sir John Caldwell. At Point a Piseau, above Sillery cove, from a spot on the left partially cleared, the view of Cape Diamond, with the St. Lawrence, and ship- ping, is as perfect a composition as any landscape painter could desire ; at this place the road leads down to Sillery cove, the ride to Which is varied and interesting. Before reaching the asccfnt leading to the villa of the late Mr. MacNider, is an old stone house, formerly inhabited by the heroine of Emily Montague; a house well known to those conversant in Canadian story^ ; near it are the * As related in a novel, ^ith ^hich, it is presumed, all who visit Canada •re acquainted —it' not, they ought to read it, as furniBhing a fuitht'ul picture of the manners and situation of the colonists at the time vrhca Canada first became a Uritish Colony. 1|'!"Ti '%Vi ... «, 18 ruins of a large stone liovel, once a cliapcl. After ascendini^ to tbe high road, on the left is the villa of the late Mr. MacNidcr, prettily situated above tbe St. Lawrence. One mile further, on the right, is the villa of Kilgraston, belonging to the Rev. Dr. Mills, Chaplain to the garrison of Quebec. — This gentlcnian has a considerable properly round his seat, and some valuable quarries on the shore of the St. Lawrence, from whence the stone mostly employed to build the Citadel is drawn. Beyond the grounds of the Rev. Doctor, a road at a direct angle leads to the right. The traveller, if pressed for time, may turn up this road, otherwise he must proceed through four miles of an interesting road, abound- ing in natural beauties, to Cap Rouge, passing a very pretty cottage belonging to J. Neilson, Esq. At Cap Rouge, Henry Atkinson, Esq. possesses a pharming villa, which commands a most exten- sive and beautiful view ; — this gentleman has, with much taste, erected in his grounds a Grecian temple. Continuing along this road there is a cottage, where a road turns to the right, from this spot a most magnificent and extensive prospect presents itself, of the whole country, on both sides of the St. Lawrence. This road conducts through a wood into the St. Lewis road opposite Mr. Pcrcival's and leads to Quebec. TheTraveller, however, instead of returning by this road, bad better continue his ride until he reaches the village church of St. Foy. On arriving at the St. Foy'g road the features of the scenery assume a new form, no longer the magnificent St. Lawrence is seen, excepting in the distance where the confluence of the St. Charles and St. Lawrence takes place.-— From St. Foy'» church, a lovely vale is seen below, with the St. Charles gliding smoothly through it ; i! i ^) ! !• '!• f I' 14 the ground!} rise gradually to tlic mountains, and arc literally covered with habitations. The villages of Lorotte and Charlesbourg, arc conspicuous objects in the view ; the whole way on both sides of the road is lined with country villas belonging to the wealthy citizens of Quebec. Anjongst the most conspicuous is Belmont, the seat of the late Hon. J. Irvine, one of the Legislative Council — the views from the house and grounds arc lovely. Before entering the suburb of St. John, on the left is one of the Martello Towers, and below it is the General Hospital on the banks of the St. Charles. Charlevoix Bays of this hospital that it " is the finest house in all Canada, and would be no disparagement to our largest cities in France ; the Fathers Recollcts formerly owned the ground on which it stands." " M.de St.Vallier,Bishop ofQuebec, removed them into the city, bought their settlements, and expended 100,00© crowns in building, furniture, and in foundations. The only fault of this hospital is its being built in a niarsh ; they hope to be able to remedy it by draining this marsh ; but the river St. Charles makes a winding in this place, into which the waters do not easily flow, so that this incon- venience can never be effectually removed. The artizans, or others who, on account of their great age, are without the means of getting their subsist- ence, are received into this hospital till all the beds in it are full, and thirty nuns are employed in serving them. These are a scion or colony from the hospital ofQuebec; but in order to distinguish them, the bishop has given them certain peculiar regula- tions, and obliges them to wear a silver cross on their breast. Most part of them are young women of condition, and as they are not those of the easiest circumstances in the country the bishop has portioned 15 several of tlicm." After passing through the suhurb of St. John, IS one of the entrances to Quebec through St. John's Gate. It is advisable for tht; stranger now lo crnss the St. Lawrence, and visit the beautiful shore of Point Levi, where the roads arc exccllant and the scenery lovely; cross early to Mr. Mackenzie's Inn — either take a caleche and horse with you, or hire them from Mr. Mackenzie, and then proceed to the falls of the Chaudiere, eight or nine miles distant; having ascended the bank or cliff, the views from the sum- mit are enchanting. From the villa of J. Davidson^ Esq. the view of Quebec and the adjacent scenery cannot be surpassed for picturesque beauty. On the extreme height, the road turns to the right. — Quebec and the Plains of Abraham, as seen from this route, a^e grand and imposing; towards evening, the purple shades over the whole landscape are truly lovojy. Several neat villas adorn this road ; and, during the summer months, many of the inhabitants of the city take up their residence on this side, to avoid the great heats of a close town, and enjoy the excellent roads. Four miles from Point Levi, is Lauzon, the beautiful seat of the Hon. Sir John Caldwell, one of the Legislative Council ; his villa, on the right of the road, is cluirniingly situated, and built in true classic taste: from the grounds, the views, of Quebec together with the Beauport shore, more than rival the scenery already described. No spot in Canada can vie with this in extent and beauty, or possesses greater capability to display the beauties of nature. If the traveller has an introduction to Sir John Caldwell, he cannot do better than avail himself of it, for he is sure to be hospitably and elegantly entertained. Beyond this charming retreat, at a short distance, is a turn to the I ,., • (1 • (.^h4 lim 16 i left, and a pass over the Etchemin, by a bjridge erect- ed ixy Sir John — the views here are pretty. At th« embouchure of the Etchemin, is a Urge causeway, also built by the same geotleq^ian, which leads to his mills, an establishment well worthy the inspection of the traveller. Leaving these mills^ and continuing along the shore of the St. Lawrence, the left of the road is overshadowed by lofty and picturesque rocks, till it reaches the river Chaudiere, which is crossed by a >erry. Ascending the opposite banks, three miles further on is a new road on the left ; pursue this for a mile, with a guide, who may be procured fiear the road, and the traveller will reach the Cile- brated falls of the Chaudiere. The sight of this cascade, particularly if full ot water, auiply repays all the fatigue he may have undergone. The river Chaudiere flows through the forest, and at this place is precipitated over a ledge of rocks, more than a hundred feet in perpendicular height, to a basin beneath, whence it is again hurried on by a succession of rapids till it finally unites with the St. Lawrence. Few falls can be compared with this for picturesque beauty. The best view of this fall is^ by descending to the left, upon a ledge of rocks that project into the basin ; from this spot, the scene is surprisingly grand. Another point is from a parallel 1> dge behind this; and a third from the ledge of rocks above the fall, looking down the fall, across the fall, and up the river. If the traveller has time, in returning to Quebec^ halfway, and near to a public-house^ is a road on his right, which leads to the falls of the Etchfimin, four miles. These falls, \f full^ from a field above them, and likewise below them, are worth seeing. Return two miles by the same road, turn to the right, and wind to the left, till this descent upon t! Id- IT the village atid church of Point Levi is re&clYed. This is a beautiful ride^ and from the heights, before des- cending, is a distant and splertdid view of the falt^ of Montmorency. — It would be adviseabl« for the trav- eller to take refreshments with him. This pleasing excursion may be iinished so as to retinri to Quebec by eight in the evening ; but to do this it musft first be ascertained whether the steam-boat will be ready to across at that hour ; if it is otherwise engaged, he caYi retu^rn by a team-boat, at an earlier 'hour ; ff by any accident he is delayed ' ww% i (>■■, i 18 very near upon a level with it, is much more agreeable than that by which you enter." Bigot, of whom some notice is already taken, was the last Intendant who resided in this Palace ; his profligacy and expenditure previous to the conquest are noto- rious ; fcr the year 1759 his estimate for the annual expenses was 3,300,000 livres, of which sum he had drawn 2,400,000. It sometimes happened, in those days, when a gentleman possessed a very handsome wife, that ^he husband was sent to take chargb of a distant post, where he was sure to make his fortune. Bigot's chere amie was a Madam P , in conse- quence of which, as a matter of course, Mr. P: be- came prodigiously wealthy. Bigot had a house that stood where the Officers' Barrack in St. Louis street DOW stands ; one new-year's-day, he presented this house to Madam P , as a new-year's-gift — such was the munificence of this gentleman. On Mont- calm's widow landing in France, the Marquis de Vaudreuil, who was supposed to be deeply impli- cated in these nefarious transactions, but who was too high in rank to b^ brought io an account for them. Fearing unpleasant disclosures from Madam de Montcalm, had a lettre de cachet ready, and on her arrival in France, threw her into prison. She being conversant in all the iniquities of those times, which she had learnt from her honorable husband, who reprobated the conduct, that he had not power to remedy, drew up, when in jail, a placet, or memorial to her Sovereign, and had it conveyed, with feminine address, to the hands of the King. This led io the disclosure of the whole scene of the iniquities by which this country had been ruined, ^ionsieur Bigot was thrown into prison, and Madam Montcalm released. Bigot, after dis- gorging his plunder, had difficulty to escape from #.,■. '*»" ji; •m i jail with his life. He retired to Bordeaux, where he lived in great poverty, and supported by a small pension from Madam P--^ — . The above is a little episode to enliven the trip to Lorette. The most pleasant road is on the banks of the St. Charles. When a. rived at the village, the best view is from the opposite bank^ having the fall in the foreground, with the church and village of the Indians behind it. The views of Quebec and the distant country from the church are ex- ceedingly fine. The traveller can breakfast at a very neat cottage at the brow of a hill after pass- ing the bridge. The inhabitants of this village are part of the melancholy remains of one of the most warlike tribes among the aborigines of this continent* In the wars between the French and English, the Hurons contributed much to the success of the for- mer ; at the present moment they are a harmless quiet set of people, who still draw a chief part of their subsistence from the chace. Here may be pur^ chased bows and arrows, and moccasins very neatly finished by the Squaws. Madame Kostka says that the first inhabitant of the village, a man of the pure Huron blood, died there forty<*six years ago, f^ the age of ninety-seven, so that Loic. e is now (November, 1830,) one hundred and fifty years old. Gabriel Vincent is the only Huron of pure blood now in the village ; Nicholas Vincent is the Grand Chef; Louis Vincent is the School-master. It is highly curious to see what Charlevoix says of this village. The modern traveller who arrives at the village in one hour, through a fine open culti- vated country, by comparing the ditference of what he sees with what Charlevoix relates, may be enabled to form some estimate of what this country is likely to become a century hence. 'm. -m ftm ¥1 so : " About three leagues from this p!ace^ towardt the north-east, is a small village of the Indians called HuroDS, who are Christians;, and who haTe a chapel built on the same model, and with the same dimensions as the Santa Casa of Italy, from whence an image of the Virgin, a copy of that which is in this famous sanctuary, has been sent ta our Neophytes. A wilder place than this could not have been chosen for the situation of this mission.--* In the mean time, the concourse of the faithful to this place is very great ; and whether it be the effect ef imagination, devotion, prejudice, or of any other cause, many persons have assured me, that upon tb«ir arrival, they have Ijeen seized with an inward and sacred horror, of which they can give no account. But the solid piety of the inhabitants of this desert, makes an impression upon all, which is to much greater, as it is assisted by thought and jeflection. The inhabitants are, savages, or Indians, hut who derive nothing from their birth and origin but what is really estimable, that is to say, the simplicity and openness of the first ages of the world, together with those improvements which grace has made upon them ; a patriarchial faith, a sincere piety, that rectitude and docility of heart which constitute a true saint ; an incredible innocence of manners ; and lastly, pure Christianity, on which the world has not yet breathed that contagious air which corrupts it, and that frequently attended with acts of the most heroic virtue. Nothing can be more affecting than to hear them sing in two choirs, the men on one side, and the wouien on the other, the prayers and hymns of the church, in their own language. Nor is there any thing which can be compared to that fervor and modesty which they display in all their religious exercises ; and I have m never seen any one, who was not iouched with it to the bottom! of his heart. This village has been formerly much better peopled than at present, but distempers, and I know not what cause, whicU insensibly reduces to nothing all the nations of this continent, have greatly diminished the number of its inhabitants. Intoxicating liquors, the most common, and almo&t the sole stumbling block, which is able to cause the savages to fall off, are prohibited by a solemn vow, the bres^ch of which is submitted to a public penance, as well as every other fault which occasions scandal ; and a relapse is generally sufficient to banish the criminal without any hopes of return, from a place which ought to be the impregnable fortress and the sacred asylum of piety and innocence. Peace and subordination reign here in a perfect manner ; and this village,^ seems to constitute but one family, which is regulated by the present maxims of the gospel. This must always occasion matter of surprise to every one, who considers to what a height these people, par- ticularly the Uurons, usually carry their natural, fierceness and the love of independence. *' We are here surrounded with the vastest woods in the world ; in all appearance, they arc as ancient as the world itself, and were never planted by the hand of man. '' Nothing can present a nobler or more magnifi- cent prospect to the eyes ; the trees hide their tops in the clouds, and the variety of different species of them is so prodigious, that even amongst all those who have most applied themselves to the knowledge of them, there is not, perhaps, one who is nQt igno- rant of at least one half of them." On leaving the village, the traveller proceeds to Lake St. Charles, which is a sweetly retired spot. — V- K ' i 22 , ^ ^ , After driving to any house to arrange at ^hat hour he wishes to dine^ he then walks to the lake, where he embarks in a double canoe, and will be delighted with the beauties of this sequestered spot. Lake St. Charles is divided into an inner and an outer lake; the mountainous forests by which they are surround- ed are both romantic and highly picturesque — the abundance of trout in the lake renders a visit to this place doubly inviting. After remaining at St. Charles till five o'clock, and having partaken of the cheer brought from Quebec, the traveller had bet- ter take his departure for that city. On descending and quitting the forest, a splendid view of Quebec and the surrounding country, with the southern banks of the St. Lawrence, in the distance, bursts upon his view. On the route home he passes through the village of Charlesbourg ; this is one of the oldest and most interesting settlements in Canada; at pre- sent it has two churches, one of which has been lately built and is not yet finished, the other, though smaller and less commodious, is far more interesting, having become the centre of the sur- rounding farms, from whence they all radiate. The reason for this singular character in the surrounding allotments, arose from the absolute necessity to create a neighborhood, for which purpose each farm, was permitted to occupy only a spa^e of three acres in front by thirty in depth ; this contiguous and continuous neighborhood had its peculiar advantages. Population was scanty and labour difficult to be procured, by this arrangement the facility to keep up a road in front of each farm (which it was the duty of every proprietor to preserve) was rendered more easy. The other advantage, and not the least, which this singular position afibrded, was the prox- imity to the churchy which became the signal of ^3 alarm, whenever hostile attempts were made by the Indians, and was the centre of defence, around which the inhabitants all rallied whenever the bell sounded the tocsin^ to defend their possessions. — (Beyond the village of Charlesbourg, three miles to the north, is Beauport lake^ a beautiful spot, where occasionally resides the Hon. F. W. Primrose.) The descent to Quebec from the village is through a pretty country, thickly settled with comfortable farms. The picturesque tourist should now devote three days in the enjoyment of a charming excursion to St. Ann's. It is necessary that he should supply himself with provisions of all kinds for breakfast and dinner. The route to this place is by the Beauport road which leads to Montmorency. Leaving Quebec the road passes over Dorchester bridge which crosses the river St. Charles, from which spot the views up and down the rivcwr St. Charles and of the St. Lawrence and Quebec are striking — on the left of the bridge on the Beauport side stands the house and grounds of Mr. Anthony Anderson, and, beyond that, is the residence of Mr. Smith, with their highly cultivated farms. ' ' The whole of this road to Montmorency is pleas- ingly diversified ; on the right near the shore, is a large house belonging to the Seminary of Quebec ; nearly opposite stands the villa of Judge Burton, Esq. — this gentleman displays great taste as a florist; and beyond his residence on the same side are two large country seats, one belonging to the estate of the late Joseph Jones, Esq. but leased to D. Daly^^ Esq. the Colonial Secretary ; the other occupied by George Gore, Esq. His Majesty's Comptroller of the Customs for Quebec. Soon after this the stran- ger arrives at the village of Beauport, which is principally conspicuous in having its church with three steeples. 24 % I w Near this village resides the Hon. II. W. Rjrland, one of the Legislative Councillors of this province. Close by, bet>veen the road and the St. Lawrence, is the mansion of Narcisse Duchesnay, Esq. Seignioc of Beau port. (Before reaching the mills of Beauport^ a road on the left leads to the hamlet of Bourgh Royale, at the foot of the mountains; through this, a ride of two miles into the forest, will conduct the traveller by a turn on his left, to the hermitage ; it is the remains of an old French chateau, with a small clearance round it, the walks and currant bushes may still be seen. This spot has a shade of romance resembling the story of the " Fair Rosamond," which renders a visit to it interesting. It was built by one of the French Governors or Intendants as a residence for his mistress ; situated as it then was in a wilderness, he thought the lady was secure from all intrusion, but alas, the wife of the said Governor discovered the secret, and found means to have her rival poisoned — the spot has increased in interest by being supposed to be haunted by the departed spirit of the unfortunate lady. During the siege, by Gen. Wolfe, the ladies of Quebec took shelter in this retreat, and were undiscovered. A visit to this place is only a short morning ride from Quebe^^ which is preferable to turning off from the road to St. ^ ane's.) The appearance of the ground in this neighbor- hood is well worthy the attention of the geologist. After passing the village, and close to the falls of Montmorency stands a house which was the residence of his late Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, but now in the possession of P. Patterson, Esq. who is the proprietor of the extensive saw mills at the foot of the falls — it was near this place that Gen. Wolfs ■if . ,'i M m f-f 1 U' «6 made his first attempt, and was repulsed with the loss of seven hundred Hessians. From the opposite bank of this gentleman's house is the best view of the falls, as it embraces the village of Beauport and the city of Quebec. The road to it is over a wooden bridge thrown across the river Montmorency, which here rushes down with con- siderable impetuosity. On the opposite side of (his bridge and at the foot of a hill, a house for the re- ception of travellers, stands in a romantic situation. Another good view of the falls may be taken from the top of the acqueduct, by which the water is conveyed fVom the river, above the fall, to the saw Bulls, which are well constructed, and are in two buildings ; one mill is fed through the acqueduct we speak of which is nearly half a mile in length ; it is called the Old Mill, and is two hundred and twenty-eight feet long and sixty feet wide, it has ten saw gates containing seventy saws, and has besides eleven circular saws. The New Mill i» smaller and is fed from the pond ; it has two saw gates furnished with forty saws, and has likewise three circular saws. They are employed in sawing deah for exportation, and with the extraordinary water power they possess, a cargo is quickly com- pleted. The falls of Montmorency are nearly two hundred and fifty feet high, being one hundred feet higher than the falls of Niagara. The next place worthy attention is the extraordi- nary appearance called the Naturnl Steps ; the bed of the river is there formed on a considerable angle of depression, having on either side, banks of stratum, presenting the form of natural steps, and surmounted by woods. When the river St. Lawrence is froaen below the falls, the level ice becomes a support, on which the ) / i tM w a A 26 / / / freezing spray descends as sleet ; it there rcmainSi f and gradually enlarges its base and its heighti assuming an irregularly conical form^ its dimensions thus continually enlarging become, towards the close of the winter, stupendous; its greatest height in each season necessarily varies much, as the quan- tity of spray of which it is formed, depends on the degree in which the water producing that spray is copious ; it has not been observed higher than one hundred and twenty-six feet, which altitude it attained in 1829 — the whole of the preceding season had been unusually humid. The face of the cone next the fall, presents a stalatical structure, not apparent elsewhere, and there occasioned by the dashing of water against it, which freezing in its descent, assumes the form which characterizes it under such circumstances. The whole cone is slightly yet very perceptibly tinged with an earthy hue, which it can only have derived from infinitely comminuted portions of the bed of the Montmo- rency sttached by the torrent, and conveyed into the atmosphere with the spray. The formation of this cone may suggest some explanation of the mode in which glacieres have been formed, it is manifest that were the supply of frozen spray never inter- rupted by an increase of temperature, as it annually is, it would be incessant, and the dimensions of the cone would according!;: increase. It is also plain, that if the cone, instead of resting on its horizontal base, were supported on an inclined plane, its increasing weight, and enlarging bulk would at length urge its descent to lower levels, the part thus deposited would, by the like process, receive con- tinued accessions from above, and having thus acquired permanence, (as a frozen mass apparently undiminished, because continually renewed) our -J J cone would thus become a ^lacierc^ Now, on lofty mountains the vapours which arc concealed within the region of perpetual frost, are by those summits continually attracted thither, and there concealed and accumulated, the inclined planes on which they alight, become inadequate to the support of their mass and weight, they descend to lower levck^ they occupy the vale below, whence they never are removed, being incessantly renewed from the same permanent source of supply, by the same unalterable process, as rapidly as any portion of them yields to the temperature below, or even more rapidly in cases where they are observed to be increasing. The lover of picturesque scenery will easily be induced to loitrc on the road between Montmorency and St. Ann^ in the course of which many pretty studies may be made ; the cottages are while, which are well relieved by the steep banks and graceful trees growing to a considerable height. In the fall of the year the beauty of Ihis road on a clear sunny day is quite dazzling; the yiveiy and brilliancy of our American foliage must be seen to be appreciated -^nothing in Europe can vie with it. The first sight of an American forest in all its splendor, can only be compared to what the mind, in her most poetic vein, would depict an eastern scene to be, or to the tint in which Martin the celebrated painter of Belshazzar's feast, would be likely to colour a scene in Paradi!>e. In this season of the year the sides of the road are enlivened by groups of Cana- dians of both sexes, who are employed hackling or beating flax, of which, almost without exception^ a sufficient quantity is raised on every farm for the consumption of the family, and it is a circumstance which cannot fail to strike the observing stranger that by far the greater part of the country popul$i- 28 fion, male and female, is clotlied Especially on vorkin^ days i:i garments of home-spun \roollcn cloth or coarse nen. English broad cloth and Irish linens being reserved for Sundays and fSte days or festive meetings; and even on these occasions the use of these luxuries are confined to particular parishes, and more commonly seen in the Montreal district than below Quebec, who, having less inter- course with strangers, retain more of their prifnitive manners and dres.. The ruin of Chateau Richer, though only that of a square b"«!dfng, belonging to the Seminary, is interesting not only as an historical relic, but as a picturesq<'ie one, being one of the very few ruins in this country. Canada must wait some ages before she can become a land of recollections and poetry ; to ma?;c her amends for these associations, she has few wants to cc mplain of. Though she cannot boast of the elegance and refinements of Europe, she can say, in this happy land wretchedness and want are not known. The environs of Chateau Richer, as the favourite resort of snipe shooters, are much celebrated, few places in the country affording a greater abundance of that game. The falls of La Puce are two miles beyond Chateau Richer, which the traveller must not omit to see, as they are well worth his attention, and may be seen in half an hour without any difficulty. If the traveller should pass this road on a fine Sunday, he will have an excellent opportunity of seeing the population in their best attire; if he arrives at the pretty village church of Sc. Ann, situated on the left of the road, under lofty bankj, about the time of morning service, when he will find the environs crowded witJi one-horse caliches, the horse fastened to one of the posts that for this rw^ purpose are always planted near the churcli. The church is generally so crowded, that ^ oupsofthe habitants are to he seerj outside and covering the steps on their knees; every person is respectably dressed, the men mostly in grey cloth, the manu- facture of their own fire side, as above noticed. — This scene alone bespeaks not only of the wants of life being amply supplied, but the numerous car- riages clearly show that th^; substantial comforts are not scantily enjoyed by this happy race. The \illage churches in Lower Canada are generallj^ six miles asunder, and the Canadians who are particu- larly zealous in their religious duties, are sure to attend from the most remote cottage in th<; parish, either on foot or in their neighbour's calech. The road continues enlivened by the appearance of numerous and cleanly cottages on either side, till it reaches the village of St. Ann ; two miles beyond, which, and on ihe river of that name, accommodations maybe procured both comfortable and cleanly, and where he is sure to meet with civility and kindness. If pressed for time he may hero procure a horse to ride to the falls of St. Ann, a distance only of three miles ; this road ascends a part of the mountain which rises here, from this ascent he has fine and extensive views of Quebec and the surrounding country; he proceeds ascending till he re.icbes a level spot which continues d mile and a half over u. very rough path through a forest, when he suddenly descends and finds himself enclosed in a valley of rocks and treec, through *he centre of which rusher the river St. Ann till it forces itself through a nar- row chasm of the rocks, when at an angle of fortyr five degrees, it continues tumbling and roaring to the river below. The writer of this description would compare it to the falls of Trenton, though, '^1 ■ i:/;i I* 30 ihty are on at morcf extensive sfca^le-^after desceirding some tockg, the trftvdler ha» a magnificent view of the cataraetj as it hurries past. The diversified appearance of the rocks and trees of this sie^oestered spot will richly reward th^ lov€r of romsntie scenery. At one period of the yetir nirmerous and immense flights of pigeons visit Canada^ when the popalafi&n make a furious war against them both by gUiis and nets; they supply the inhabitants with a materiail part of their subsi^ance^ and are sold in the market at Quebec remarkably cheap, often as lowas a shilling per dozen, and sometimes eren at a less rate. II appears that the pfgeOii prefers the loftiest and mtt^t leafless trees to settle on. In addition 1^^ the nato/ * beauty of St. Ann and its environs^ the process bj- wbich the inhabitants take the pigeons is worth remarking. Upon the L'^ftiest tree, \ong bare poles are slantingly fixed : small pieces of wood are placed transversely across this pole, upon which the birds crowd ; beloW, in ambush, the sportsman witli a ]ong gun enfilades the whole length of the pole, artd when he fires, few if any escape — innumerable poles arc prepared at St. An^ for this purpose. The other method they have of taking them is by nets, by which means they are enabled to preserve them alive, and kill them occasionally for their o\vn use, or for the market, when it has ceased to be glutted with them. Behind Madame Fontane's this sport may be seen in perfection. The nets, which are very large, are placed at the end of a,n avenue of trees, (for it appears the pigeons choose an avenue to fly down) opposite a large tree, upon erect poles two nets are suspended, one facing the avenue, the other the tree, another is placed over them, which is fixed at one end, and supported by pullies and 1^ ':J I' ' iv: 1 J I :• two [ hid ii rope I the p pulls and < numl Th thefi tiemc thefi sever more retur the F scene Ar brid^ Quel rock in thi close toQ the V the V 31 two perpendicular poles at the opposite ; a man if hid in a small covered house under the tree, with a rope leading from the puUies in his hand — directly the pigeons fly against the perpendicular nets, he pulls the rope, when the top net immediately falls and encloses the whole flock ; by this process vast numbers are taken. The following day an excursion may be made to the falls of St. Ferreole passing through a new set- tlement ; the descent here is rather fatiguing, but the falls have been visited by Lady Dalhousie and several of our fair countrywomen. The view will more than compensate for the fatigue. On his return to St. Ann's, he should, if he has time, visit the Priest's farm called St. Joseph, to admire the scenery, and on tli€ third day return to Quebec. Another pleasant excursion may be made to the bridge of Jacques Cartier, twenty-seven miles from Quebec, which is a pleasant drive. The river and rock scenery at -jacques Cartier is picturesque, and in the season you may enjoy very good salmon fishing close by the house at which you put up. Return to Quebec by the banks of the St. Lawrence, passing the villages of Point de Tremble and Cap Rouge — the whole way forms a diversified and pleasing ride. '-^ ^ '.Ir.i/ , .4 f THE tALLS OF SAINT ANN. (ANOTHKt ACCOUNT.) \ '%, 4 Among thn romaatic ipots in the vicuuiy of Quebec, there is qne of surpassing beauty and grandeur which, compared with many others, is far from being generally known. It is not so easy of access as Montmorency, the Chaudieie, Three Falls, Lake St. Charles, and other favourite places of resort, but a visit to it amply compensates for the fatigue of the journey, by affording a view of a scene unsurpassed, it is said by many wno have travelled in each quarter of th« globe, by any of nature's magnificent works. The tourist on a visit to Quebec — and many of the inhabitants of the city themselves — possibly may read with interest some further particulars respecting this snot ; which are now ofiered for their perusal . — The parish of Ste. Anne du Nord is situated on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, nineteen or twenty miles below Qoebec, and may be reached by land in about three hours ; those who prefer an aquatic excursion may engage the use of a pilot boat and, starting with the ebb tide, will make the voyage in four or five honn, or in much less time if the wind be favourable. In going by water, however, a visit to the Church of " La Bonne Ste. Anne^^ must be abandoned, and thus an object of some interest is lost* The Church of Ste^ Aane, as most of the inhabitants of Quebec are aware, has long been celebrated for the miraculous cures said to have been effected on visitors to its shrine, of which its sacred walls now bear evidence, in the shape of orutches and other helps to suffering humanity, left there by the lame and the haU who, by their faith in the power of the Saint, were enabled to dispense with the unsightly appendages their infirmities had obliged them to carry, up to the happy moment of their visiting this holy edifice. Having gratified his curiosity with an inspection of the Church, the Tourist will then proceed on his journey and in a short time will arrive at the toll-bridge on the river St. Ann's, where very good accommodation may be had a,t a house kept by a man of the name of Bacon ; here, if the best plan has been followed, of starting from town at five or six o'clock in the evening, quarters will be taken for the night. In the morn- ing, while breakfast is preparing, a stroll across the bridge will place before the admirer of nature's splendor an extended view of the St. Lawrence, with Cape Tourment frowning in the distance ; and along the little river of St. Ann's, interspersed as it is with " rapids," numbers of delightful spots meet the eye ; if the visitor be an angler, he may before and for a short time after sunrise kill a few fine trout and, occasionally, we are informed, one of those noblest of fish, a salmon. After breakfasting on new laid eggs, fresh cream and other luxuries rarely found in the smoky city, a guide is engaged and, on foot, you set out for the principal attraction, the Falls of Ste. Anne. The distance from the house is about two miles and t half through a rather wearisome path principally in the woods, but on arriving i^ the falls every fatigue is forgotten in the rapture with which the awfully grand and imposing scene ii witnessed. Any attempt to S. R^ 'S »t^ :-♦ ■;l '1 ■ 1 rf ^ ■ii: ■; /■ ■.ill ■.'■l;*lf ? 3 111 ''::ik describe it must be a failure. Coming from tlie southward the river St. Anae breaks into strong << rapids," many ol which may be said to be littli: falU io themselves, until it arrives near the brink of a trenendous gulph where it breaks into three distinct branches, each flowing with fediful rapidity through a canal worn in the solid rock as smooth as polished marble. The iarorest of these natural canals is not much more than seven i or eight feet broaa, butis of great depth, and from the rude bridge (three small trees) thrown across it, a steady head is required to look below at the water foaming and boiling apparently with rage at Ihe narrow limits in which it is confined. This principal stream falls into an immense cauldron formed by the continual action of thewater, and thence, beinu; i'oined by the other two smaller falls, each of which riMli attention when ooked at, takes another fearful leap, in a broader sheef^ into a second f cauldroHi whence it again emerges boiling, dashing and Ifoaming with a i V f deafening noise, into a narrow, circuitous channel bounded on each side by a precipice of immense height and almost perpendicular. In this confined space the river rushes on with inconceivable fury for a nuBi^er of yards until, turning a corner, it finds a wider channel and then flows on as placid as a lake, forgetful of the turmoil of the sceilie above. From almost numberless points may these magnificent falls be witnessed, preseifting a continual variety of grand and imposing views. It would appear (nat nature in forming this romantic spot, was in her most fanciful mood. The " natural steps'' at Montmorency attract much attention, but here, at the Falls of St. Ann, the steps by which access from one part to another is obtained, are almost innumerable, and in ascending either of ^ the flights a new object of wonder is sure to cause an exclamation of delight. Lo^^king up in one place, a solid wall of granite, a hundred feet in height, fashioried as if by human hands, meets the eye, while close to your feet you will perceive a small but very deep hole perforated perfectly circular, and the sides highly polished, by a small stream that formerly fell into it. Of these curiosities there are several, one of them of gigantic dimensions, showingthatthemainbody of the river must, at a remote period, have heen diverted from its course by some convulsion of nature. In visiting this varied scene time slips unconsciously away and the visitor is surpris- ed at the information that he has been for hours on the spot, and he un- ^ willingly turns his way homeward, consoling himself with a determination again to visit the falls. The above conveys a very faint idea — if it does any idea at all— of the « Falls of St. Ann." No one who has visited them can fever efface the picture from the mind ; those who have not, would do well to avail themselves of the first opportunity, if they be desirous of witnessing one of the most picturesque water falls— the most wonderful hardly excepting Niagara— on this continent. *- '» ■.■;ti ';ir^ I- Ig 33 . vF-' » ^ ' M« < Ceremony %f Laying the First Stone of the Monument to Wo^lfb and Montcalm, on the 20tlC^ovember, 1827. ^** Shortly before eleven o'clock in the morning, the troops in garrison, marched from their respective barracks, and formed a line on the street which separates the upper from the lower garden of the Chateau, their right resting on the foot of the Citadel glacis, and their left nearly opposite to the Chateau> they then opened their ranks, and facing inwards, formed a lane. The Grand Lodge of Masons, with the Right Worshipful Grand Master, (Claude Denecheau, Esq.) the Merchants and Freres du Canada, the Sussex, and the St. Andrews Lodges, the officers composing the Grand Lodge and the Brethren being in full Masonic Costume, walked in procession to the Chateau, preceded by the band of the 66th regi- ment, playing the Masonic March, and passing through the court entered the garden, and lined the avenues to the spot where preparations had been made for the purpose which called their attendance. The Countess of Dalhousie shortly after made her appearance in the garden, with the Hon. Lady Hill, the Hon. Mrs. Gore, Mrs. Sewell, and a large party of fashionables, and passed through the lines of Masons to the platform of the battery ; almost at the same moment His Excellency the Governor in Chief, accompanied by the Lord Bishop of Quebec^ J < ■^ i I'- . 1, ' I (t ''■'it t 311 and the Chief Justice, the Committee of Superin- tendence, and many other gentlemen^ and attended by the Officers of the General and Personal Staff, having passed through the lane formed by the troops, entered the garden by the gate facing the spot selected for the site of the Monument, and descending the steps, joined the Countess of Dalhousie, whom he conducted, accompanied by her Ladyship's friends to a situation commanding a view of the ceremonies to take place. Every thing being now in readiness, His Excel- leocy placed himself in front of the Stone and spoke as follows. Gentlemen of the Committee, we are Assembled upon an occasion most interesting to this country -"if possible more so to this crty — We are met to lay the Foundation of a Column in honor of two illustrious men, whose deeds and whose fall have immortalized their own names, and placed Quebec in the rank of cities famous in the history of the world. Before, however, we touch the first stone, let us impLore the blessing of Almighty God upon our intended work. The Rev, Dr. Mills, Chaplain to the Forces^ then offered up the following PRAYER. O Almighty Lord of Heaven and Earth ! without whose blessing no work of man can prosper, look ^down, we beseech thee, with an eye of favour upon this our undertaking. We know, O Lord! that, unless thou biiildest the fabric, their labour is but lost that build it; and therefore we humbly pra^, that this Column, which we are about to erect in honour of those distinguished warriors, whose names it is destined to bear^ may transmit their fame to is" 35 distant ages, uninjured by flood or by flame, un- scathed by the thunder's rending bolt, or the mining shock of the earthquake. May no assault of foreign foe, no dangerous division within our walls, loosen one stone from the structure ; but may it long — long rear its head in simple majesty^ the brightest gem and ornament of our city. It hath pleased thee, O Lord ! in thy good pro- vidence^ in a great degree to tranquillize the world : there is a great calm in the universe : thou hast said to the desolating tide of human warfare — '^ Peace, be still ; hereto shalt thou come, but no further, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed !" We pray, O Lord! — most humbly and heartily do we pray, — that this happy state of things may continue and abound more and more, till — every source of discord dried up — every jarring interest harmonized — the heavenly influence of the glorious gospel — that charter of love and mercy to the whole human race — be universally felt and acknowledged; till the glad strain of " Peace on earth, good will toward men,*' which ushered in the nativity of the Saviour, And a ready echo in every bosom ; and the blessed time at length arrive, when the sword shall be turned into the plough-share, and the spear into the pruning- hook — when nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. — But of this hour — now seen afar oflf only in indis- tinct vision, knoweth no man : in the mean time, O Lord ! the wrath of man shall praise thee, while the remainder of wrath it is — and will be — thy province to restrain. Meanwhile also, O Lord ! we humbly hope and trust, that we are not forbidden to pray, even amidst all the pomp and glitter of military parade, by which we are surrounded, in behalf of these our E ill ' '• 1 1 iS' \ i't.l '■m ?!'!*, m'^ 36 brethren — ivith an anxious concern for their honour as Soldiers^ while wc feel for their salvation as men —that the great examples .of the illustrious dead« whom we this day hold out as patterns for their imitation, may now and ever he regarded by them with an ardent desire to emulate their worth. Yeai Soldiers, Friends, Brethren ! we implore the God of Armies, that should the battle once more be set in array against you, you may — each of you — buckle on your harness, in humble — yet well-grounded — confidence in the divine protection, with no terrors of an evil conscience to appal you in the hour of periI»-no besetting sin to unnerve your arm, and render it powerless in the conflict. Thus prepared — thus strengthened with might by the spirit in the inner man — should you fall, my brethren, you will fall in glory; you will look forward, with thee ' of faith, beyond the grave, to a brighter crowi a fairer wreath than Monarchs can bestow; and tnis faith, triumphant, over death and all its agonies, will enable you, more than any thing else, to evince, even amidst the severest struggles of expiring nature, the same heroic resignation, the same loyal devoted- ness to your King, and glowing attachment to your country, which blazed forth — like the Sun's last flash before its setting — with such unextinguisbable lustre, in the breasts of these departed warriors. Grant, O Lord ! — of thine infinite mercy grant •—that £jch, wherever duty calls them^ may be the genuine feelings of British Soldiers; that their patriotism, their loyalty, and their valour, may be founded upon religion as the best and surest basis: and, with these feelin<;s deeply rooted in our own breasts, let us pray for our country — all great and glorious as she is — assured that they that love her shaJl prosper. Peace be withiji her walls, and plen- ^ ^ m \: r> I »> O }m , r I rt rift ^i^^fc^aiaiii 'llgnO^ iiU'irrt^ir^i, 'la ■■..l-H.ii'r tfih&ti '• J--^' TST' I ,*, -"■ '• ~^f ■«':?^^^'- C-i» CTr, \ O^ L I I tdodineij conipani And seel do her niearis ii wofk o handy-v This < thus adc " ftig ful Bre assistan< honors i Thfe R.W.I THomps liis stati it. w 1 Chaplai then tl the ust supporl Lordsh Stone. R. W. prayer : " Mi of Aim The derive(3 James ' to be t which of Sep ^, .^wMMMMHbMbiai -^iAAi*liiriiliil.-iiii-Mi>i»m«^ SI tdodiness within her palaces. For our brethren and conipaniohs' sakes^ we will wish her prosperity. And seeking — and not seeking only, but striving to do her good, and to advance her glory by every meads in our power, do thou, O God! prosper the virork of our hands upon us: O prosper thou our handy-work ! Amen and Amen. This emphatick prayer concluded — His Lordship thus addressed the Masonic Brethren :— " ftight Worshipful Grand Master and Worship- ful Brethren of the Grand Lodge, I crave your assistance in performing Masonic Ceremonies and honors on this occasion." Thfe R. W. Grand Master, supported by the R. W. D. G. M dUva on his right, and P. D.G.M. Thompson on his left, with two Grand Deacons took his station 6n the east side of the foundation. The R. W. the Grand Masters and R. W. the Grand Chaplain placed themselves on the opposite sides, then the Corner Stone was lowere^l and laid with the usual Masonic ceremony — the Grand Master, supported as above described, advaiiccd towards His Lordship to give the Three Mystic Strokes, on the Stone. During this part of the cremony, the R. W. Grand Master repeated the following short prayer : " May this undertaking prosper, with thd Blessing of Almighty God." The part of the ceremony which i ow followed derived peculiar interest from the presence of Mr. James Thompson, one of tie few survivors (supposed to be the only man in Canada) of that gallant army which served under Wolfe on the memorable 13th of September, 1759. This venerable Mason in the !!)t| |i 38 95th year of his age,* walked with the party which accompanied the Earl, and stood near his Lordship, leaning on the arm of Captain Young of the 79th Highlanders^ the officer whose pencil produced the chaste and appropriate design, which has been adopted for the Monument. His Lordship called upon the patriarch to assist in the ceremony in these words: Mr. Thompson — '"^e honour you here as the com- panion in arms and a venerable living witness of the fall of Wolfe, do us also the favour to bear witness on this occasion by the mallet in your hand. — Mr. Thompson then, with a firm hand, gave the three Mystic strokes with the mallet on the stone. — The following appropriate prayer was then pronounced by Dr. Harkness, the Provincial Grand Chaplain. Most Gracious God ! We adore thee as the Great Architect of ^Nature. In the beginning thou laidcst the foundations of the earth — the arches of heaven are the workmanship of thy hand, — and by thee was the spirit of man formed within him. — Thou makest the clouds thy chariot — thou walkest * This Veteran has since paid the debt of nature ; he died on Wednesday the 25th of August, I8S0, in tlie 98^h year ot'kis age. Mr J. Thompson 'was for along period, Overseer of works, in the Engineer Dep. of this Garrison, lie was bom at Tain in Scotland, and came to this country in General Wolfe's army, and was nt the capture of Louisburg, and in the sanguinary but unsuccessful affair at Beaupert. His memory enabled him at all times to relate many of the adventures of the different engogements which preceded the fall of Quebec. He also took part in the defence of this city against the attacks of the American Generals, Arnold and Montgomery, in December 1775. Asa soldier, he was intrepid ; as a servant of the King, he was strictly faithful. To these qualities he added many of the domestic virtues. He reared a numerous family, and his sons are now all in situations of trust and honor. On the 27th his remains were conveyed to the grave with military honors and attended by a numerous concourse of civilians. The Band and firing party were furnished by the 15th Regt. the senior corps in Garrison, which by a singular coincidence happens to be one of those which formed the Army under fieneral Wolfe. 39 upon the wings of the wind — thou waterest the hills from thy chambers, — lind the earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works. Thou causest grass to grow fur the use of cattle, and herb for the service of man. Thou hast appointed the moon her seasons^ and the sun knoweth his going down. O Lord, how manifold and wondrous are thy works ! — in wisdom hast thou -ade them all. The earth is full of thy riches. Though thou dwellest on high in light inaccessible and full of glory, — yet we rejoice to think that thou humblest thyself to behold every thing that is done in this lower world. And we fervently and earnestly pray that thou wouMst now look down with a propitious and approving eye on the present undertaking of thy humble servants. May the Public Monument, the foundation stone of which has now been laid, go on and prosper, and when finished, may it completely answer the laud- able designs of those by whom it is undertaken and promoted. We inlreat thee, O Lord, to give each of us grace, that we may be enabled in our respec- tive spheres, to emulate the virtues of those great and brave and good men, the m'^nory of whose heroic deeds this column is intendc to perpetuate. Enable us more and more to cherish and cultivate the genuine spirit of christian benevolence, which is ever ready to pity the objects of misery, and relieve subjects of distress — which ever fills the heart with the tenderest sympathy and the warmest compassion, — and which ever disposes us to regaru our fellow-creatures with the purest sentiments of affection and the sincerest dispositions to promote their welfare and happiness. — Whatever diversity ot religious sentiment may be found to exist among us, may we all be united in this grand essential of the religion of Jesus, " charity towards all men." And M i • f' 1. ' ''1! n Si r'r^j II •;«.;£ 40 ntAy all oar hopes of future happiness be built u^oit " the foundation of the Apostles and Pr6|)het8, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone " Grant, O most merciful Father ! these the sincere desires of our hearts, for the sake of Jesus Christy our Lord and Redeemer. Amen. • Then Captain Melhuish, of .he Royal Engineers having deposited Gold, Silver, and Copper Coins of the present Reign, in a cavity prepared on the upper face of the stone for their reception, the pieces were covered by a brass plate^ bearing the foUowiOg inscription, which was rivetted to the stone. HUNC LAPIDEM MONUMENTI IN MEMORIAM VIRORUM ILLUSTRIUM WOLFE ET MONTCALM, FUNDAMENTUM P. C. GEORGIUS COMES DE DALHOUSIE, IN SBPTENTRIONALIS AMERICA PARTIBUS AD BRITANNOS PERTINENTIBUS SUMMAM RERUM ADMINISTRANS ; OPUS PER MULTUS ANNOS PR^TERMISSUM, (quid DUCI EGREGIO CONVENIENTIUS ?) AUCTORITATE PRO>TOVE> , EXEMPLO STIMULANS, MUNIFICENTI^ FOVENS DieNovembris XVd. A. S. MDCCCXXVH. GEORGIO IV BRITANNIARUM REGE. The plan and elevation of thr monument were then presented to the Countess of Dalhousie. 41 The ceremony cancl^jded by the troops, under fas generally admired by scholars, for the Classic purity of its style. — It is as follows :— WOLFE. MONTCALM. MORTEM. VIRTUS. COMMUNEM. FAMAM. HISTORIA. MONUMENTUM. POSTERITAS. DEDIT. A. S. 1827. This is intended, it is believed, to be placed on the front of the Monument, whilst the longer inscription, when the necessary corrections are made, will be placed on the part which is towards the upper garden. \r 1 k' l^ i j;),;H J, m ■fiw f V, i I 42 For the information of the Ladies^ and of those who do not understand the Latin language^ trans- lations of the two inscriptions are subjofncd. The first may be thus translated into English : — THIS FOUNDATION STONE OF A MONUMENT IN MEMORY OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS MEN, WOLFE AND MONTCALM, WAS LAID BY GEORGE EARL OF DALHOUSIE, GOVERNOR IN CHIEF OVER ALL THE BRITISH PROVINCES IN NORTH AMERICA, A WORK NEGLECTED FOR MANY YEARS. (what IS THERE MORE WORTHY OF A GALLANT GENERAL !) HE PROMOTED BY HIS INFLUENCE, ENCOURAGED BY HIS EXAMPLE, AND FAVORED BY HIS MUNIFICENCE. 15th November, 1827. GEORGE IV. REIGNING KING OF GREAT BRITAIN. And the following may be taken as a translation of that by Dr. Fisher, the word *' Communcm" signifying ^' common to both," being rendered by the word ** common." MILITARY VIRTUE GAVE THEM A COMMON DEATH, HISTORY A COMMON FAME, POSTERITY A COMMON MONUMENT. I ^ •*'/< . 'ri«. •^taJlMr^«■AJfeLM■I. ERRATA. Page 9, line 1— Insteod of *' Surairsale,'* read— Succursale. PagelS,— TheaeoteBce commencing with « The traveller r ami endii.g- v/ith " <«nj»fc,»' should be a Parenthesis. Page 16, line I.— Instead of " a pass,'* rend-you pass. Page 17, line 9.— .Instead of ^'across," read— cross. Page 18, line?.— Instead of ♦•S,SOO,0007f«re»," read-SO.000,(]O()livrfc». Do. Mne 8.— Instead of •« 2,400,000," read— 24,000,000, en rri I I' 1' I,; ! I. ■»lfeSd1 1 1 ■ i 'J' :' J 1^16. 43 For the information of the Ladies^ and of tlTose who do not understand the Latin language^ trans- lations of the two inscriptions are subjoined. The first may be thus translated into English :^- THIS FOUNDATION STONB OF A MONUMENT IN MEMORY OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS MEN, •*«'♦ And the following may be taken as a translation of that by Dr. Fisher, the word *' Communem*' signifying *' common to both/* being rendered by the word ** common." MILITARY VIRTUE GAVE THEM A COMMON DEATH, HISTORY A COMMON FAME, POSTERITY A COMMON MONUMENT. CD CO m CO m / 3» CO CD m C3 ^u I r—i 30 ! 1 3 i (1 A^^l ''1 c'll 11 M CD CD □o m m CO m CD 03 m C3 .'■^^•^i v\ i'^ V ^ > 1. ;■ !r1f 1 ■:"' "Kl ■' f r '^^1: 1 '* < ui 1