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*5 
 

 SPEEOM 
 
 OF 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS 
 
 ON THB 
 
 PACIFIC RAILWAY 
 
 HANSAKD REPORT. 
 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS. 
 
 Wednesday, 8th May, 1818. 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS said it was not his 
 wish to inflict a speech on the House. 
 It was a matter of necessity that com- 
 pelled him to occupy its attention. 
 The utteitmce of theFirst Minister in 
 respect to this railroad was one that 
 the Canadian people of to-day and the 
 Canadian people of the future wo . ' I 
 condemn. The utterance of the Pii-st 
 Minister on this point was neither 
 right nor wrong. It was one of the 
 hun. gentleman's metaphysical efforts, 
 and if he was allowed to say so with- 
 out doing violence to Parliamen- 
 tary usage, the hon. gentleman's utter- 
 ance with i-espect to the Canadian 
 Pacifio Bailway was a delusion and a 
 snare. The hon. gentleman convoyed 
 the idea to the House that it was his 
 intention to adopt the Fraser River 
 route. He did not believe that this 
 was the hon. gentleman's intention, or 
 that he intended to adopt any other 
 route in British Columbia. He be- 
 lieved that this was one of the hon. 
 gentleman's Machiavellian eflforts to 
 aeoeivo the people of British Columbia, 
 and at the same time to try and keep 
 
 thorn within the Union, for fear they 
 might take both the Federal and Pro- 
 vincial Governments of the country 
 into their own hands. 
 
 Mr. HOLTON: Hear, hear. 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS said he heard his 
 hon. friend from Chateauguay, who 
 was one of the original Annexationists^ 
 he believed, in the Province of Quebec, 
 say " Hear, hear." He (Mr. DeCosmos) 
 had never a particle of Annexationist 
 blood in his veins ; but he would make 
 this remark, that unless the people of 
 Canada were prepared to build this 
 railway through that country, they had 
 no other destiny on this side of the 
 Continent, than to take the course of 
 the hon. member for Chateauguajr, 
 when he signed that celebrated peti- 
 tion for annexation to the United 
 States. Their whole frontier, fi-om 
 Manitoba all along the Eastern Provin- 
 ces, and all along the great bend of 
 the Intercolonial, was all tapped by 
 the United States. They had no 
 great back country, no great north 
 country. They had the means 
 of making a country, so far as 
 a manufacturing country might go, 
 but it was only in the great West that 
 they had the backbone and body and 
 
R 
 
 2 
 
 the fatnre BOnl of this north end of the 
 C)ontinent. If there was to be any 
 such thing as a nation in this north 
 end of the Continent, and such a thing 
 as an Anglo-Norman nation, as in A^ia 
 and Europe— there was the Jtasaia- 
 Korthman nation — they must build this 
 rai Iway . It was railway or absorption 
 into the United States; railway or 
 dissolution. He was astonished at the 
 stupidity of the Cfinadianjs in that 
 they cottW' support any Qovfernmept 
 in this country who were not bold 
 enough to take the thing into their 
 own liands and construct a railway 
 across the continent. Ho was not, he 
 would ]-eraark, making a set speech, 
 but talking as if in private conversa- 
 tion. There was only one portion of 
 this Dominion where they could make 
 a great city, and that was in British 
 Columbia, and this was, first, whore 
 this Administration had failed. With 
 millions and tensof millions ai)di thous- 
 ands of millions around the Pacific 
 Oeean, gathering and commencing 
 with the popuJation of Russia, North 
 of China, noatingdown to the millions 
 of China, and to the islands still un- 
 occupied, there was an immense trade 
 to be done there today and in the 
 future. And what wore our Canadian 
 rulers doing? Nothing. The hon. 
 the Minister of the Interior had taken 
 in several icebergs, he believed, recent- 
 Iv, near the North Pole, and expected 
 Her Majesty to pass an Act throngh 
 the Imperial Parliament in order that 
 he might take these icebergs into his 
 possession and utilize the drift, if there 
 was any drift in the Pleoceno period, 
 or something of the sort. Speaking a 
 little more seriously, he would say, 
 that if they took the whole route from 
 Livingstone to Edmonton, ho was as- 
 sured by the Commissioner of the Fur 
 Trade branch of the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany, that there was not 20 per cent, 
 of the land there lit for cultivation. 
 He was assured, on the other hand, by 
 gentlemon belonging to the Hudson 
 Bay Company, and their Commissioner 
 also, that if thoy took a northern 
 route, thoy conlil carry soltlcniont 
 from the hordors of Maniloha 
 into the Rock}' Mountains, and oai ry 
 this railway thvouf^h itho BocKy 
 Mountains into Bi-itish Columbia., and 
 find as good a country as (Jci'tnany was 
 
 1,000 years ago. They could .also 
 find on the Pacific a port 
 where they could compete with the 
 United Spates ports. He would repeat, 
 what he had previouslytold the House, 
 that there wore only three ports on the 
 Pacific Ocean owned by the United 
 States where a terminus could be made 
 for a transcontinental railway— a ter- 
 minus in the face of 1,000 millions of 
 people such as the 800 millions as our 
 terminus would front. The first point 
 on the part of this Mirtistr y, and of the 
 engineers employed by it to have de- 
 cided, should have been where this port 
 shotild be ; and when the port had been 
 found, then to construct the railway. 
 The indications given by the First 
 Minister the other day wei*e that this 
 road would run by the Eraser Valley 
 route, moving from" the Dominion 
 through a barren country down to 
 Eamloops, through another barren 
 country, and taking the trough 
 called the Valley of the Thompson, 
 and down through a gorge in the 
 mountains and through another gorge, 
 at last finding a small valley about 
 forty miles this side of the Eraser 
 River, where it would be possible for 
 the hon. gentleman to go up and find 
 a little way traflBc, forty miles from 
 the terminus at New Westminster. He 
 had in his desk a copy of the North 
 Pacific Railway Bill, and in it was ref- 
 erence to the running of a line north 
 of the existing terminus at Tacomn. 
 When they ran a line north of this ter- 
 minus and reached Holmes Harbour, 
 there would be nothing more easy than 
 for these people or anybody else — and 
 he knew the people who proposed to 
 do it — to run a line towards the Prasor 
 River and connect with the Pacific at 
 Sumas, and by this means draw all 
 the ocean navigation in sail' "» ami 
 steamships to that certain poini ; and 
 thus builil up one of the greatest cities 
 that by any possible means could be 
 built on the American continent. 
 They would build it on Pui;;el 
 Sound, in Washington Territory, 
 with the aid and assistance of the 
 people, wlio, in his judgment, did not 
 know how to build up this gr(<Mt 
 nati(- uvlily. The proper route for Miis 
 milwuy to take was the Northern 
 
 route, and by way of Htile 
 they reached .lobnson's 
 
 Inlet. VVIhmi 
 Straits, th<y 
 
 ■ 
 
could .also 
 a port 
 te with the 
 rould repeat, 
 id the Hoaee, 
 ports on the 
 the United 
 )uld be made 
 Iway — a ter- 
 millions of 
 illions as our 
 ie drst point 
 •y, and of the 
 t to have de- 
 lere this port 
 •ort had been 
 the railway. 
 )y the First 
 ire that this 
 "raeer Valley 
 5 Dominion 
 ;ry down to 
 ther barren 
 the trough 
 Thompson, 
 ;orge in the 
 lother gorge, 
 valley about 
 the Fraser 
 possible for 
 up and find 
 • miles from 
 minster. He 
 the North 
 n it was ref- 
 line north 
 at Tacomn. 
 h of this ter- 
 es Harbour, 
 )re easy than 
 iy else — and 
 proposed to 
 s the Frasor 
 je Pacific at 
 ns draw nil 
 sail" t; a!i<l 
 point; nnd 
 ron(o-t cities 
 ins cotikl lie 
 oniitinont. 
 on Pngot 
 Tori'itorv 
 UK'c of (ho 
 H-n(. (lid not 
 Ibis i*vvi\ 
 'oiifo for Hi is 
 Northoi II 
 
 llil.M. \\h 
 
 8 
 
 coal^ there, if they wished, hnild the 
 Constantinople of this continent, and a 
 historical city that might live-for ever ; 
 and be protected and have such a his- 
 tory in the coming future as even the 
 Boephorus and Constantinople pos- 
 sessed ; and, to be still more practical, 
 when it reached this point it could be 
 crossed by a ferry. He was very 
 Bony, and he i;^egrotted to say that the 
 Premier had not brought down the 
 papers with respect to this matter; 
 and sorry to say, in addition, that the 
 Premier had not brought down the 
 correspondence asked for, and called 
 for, and demanded by this House. The 
 hon. gentleman had dared to keep back 
 the correspondence between the Im- 
 perial, Provincial and Dominion Gov- 
 ernments in this relation, and they 
 were there to-day without the evidence 
 they should have had in their posses- 
 sion to enable them to form a just con- 
 ception of this subject. A remark was 
 made the other day about ferries and 
 bridges ; but there was no earthly 
 necessity whatever for any expendi- 
 ture in order to connect the Bute Inlet 
 route with Vancouver Island. Any 
 hon. gentleman who had visited New 
 York within the last 30 year8,mu8t know 
 that there were upwards of a million 
 people gathered around the shores of 
 New York harbour ; and when he want- 
 ed to go to Washington in winter, when 
 the ice wan floating down the river, he 
 got on board a steamer and passed over 
 to New Jersey. In their country, 
 where they could connect Vancouver 
 Island with British Columbia, no ice 
 floated. Scarcely a frost was 
 felt there, and we could pick 
 pansies and daisies all the 3'enr 
 round, and yet they heard here, over 
 and over again, and read it in the Prews, 
 that they must have bridges at this 
 point. There was no necessity- for 
 brilgintj there, and the moment they 
 struck tiie centre of Vaneonvcr Island, 
 they struck a eonntiy full of iron and 
 coal, the most aeocssible for settloment 
 exist iti!^ in their Province to-day. And 
 yet this Ministry dared and ])rot'essc(l 
 to do what? To iM'inn- this I'aiiw.iy by 
 a route that woulil not only in iko the 
 chief town on the North Pncitic, on the 
 Amoriejiii side, bat also deprivo Ca- 
 nada of the commercial advantages to 
 •\vliieii she wns entitled. He would go 
 
 further. A map had been prM)ared, 
 and was in the possession of the Departr 
 raent of Public Works, which indicat- 
 ed and showed the character of the 
 land. It was prepared by the acting 
 Chief Engineer to give information tp 
 this country ; and why bad not this 
 map been brought down to the House 
 and circulated through Parliament, 
 and communicated to the Senate? 
 'I here was a design in this, and this 
 design he believed was not in the in- 
 terests of this country. Whatever it 
 might be, it might be to shelter tho 
 Chief Engineer. He had no confidence 
 in the Chief Engineer of the Pacific 
 Railway, but he had full and complete 
 confidence in that lion-faced engineer, 
 Marcus Smith, who knew more of the 
 west side of the Dominion than any 
 man on earth. He would repeat again 
 that gentleman knew more of the west- 
 ern portion of this Dominion than any 
 man on eai'th. If he (Mr. DeCosmos) 
 were Premier of this Dominion, l^e 
 would relieve himself of an engineer of 
 whom he had stated on thefioor of this 
 House that he was more an author 
 than an engineer; and he would take 
 that man who was a thorough engi- 
 neer, who had explored the country, 
 and had written reports on it year 
 after year, of which he believed the 
 prepent reports before the House to be 
 a garbled copy. He (Mr. DeCosmos) 
 knew that reports existed to-day in 
 the Department of Public Works which 
 had never been produced before 
 this House. This House was called on 
 to cast a vote for the Pacific Railway, 
 and yet did not get the necessary in- 
 formation. He felt ashamed to see 
 that documents bearing upon one of 
 the grandest undertakings of the 
 eonntry were kept back, in order to 
 prevent hon. gentlemen from using 
 them. Therefore, as far as he could 
 gather, thogreatoi)ject of this Govern- 
 ment was to delay the construction of 
 the radway. The great point ♦ oe 
 considered was, first, +0 find the port, 
 then to go on wit' (he work. The 
 late Government fou I their port, the 
 port of Esquimau, t' ongh,lie believed, 
 the sound judgment of the hon. mem- 
 ber for Charlevoix, was that there were 
 other ports which could be selected, 
 the ports of Aiherni and Quafsino, of 
 all of which the Government eould 
 
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 tiibe advantaffo, if it wefe willing to 
 adopt the right route. His firm con- 
 viclion wns that this Government had 
 no idea of bailding the railway, [f he 
 recollected, the hon. the Pt-emior, in a 
 letter written to the convention at 
 Toronto last February, stated they 
 would not have attempted to do any- 
 thing towai-ds *>uiidingtho railway on 
 our western coaBt, had it not been 
 obligitory on them. In what way 
 were thoy fulfilling this obligation ? 
 There had not been a day since 1870, 
 when this trans-continental railway 
 could not have been commenced on 
 the Pacitic coast. It could go on at 
 this moment if the hon. gentleman de- 
 sired it. British Columbia haJ con- 
 tended for the immediate construction 
 of the railway, but last year had made 
 an arrangement with the Imperial 
 Government to give this Government 
 one year's delay. This year had pass- 
 ed, eighteen months had elapsed, and 
 what had thev done ? 
 
 AfR. MASSON : Nothing. 
 
 Mb. DbCOSMOS: Probably they 
 did not wish to do anything. When 
 that twelve months' time had been 
 given the Government, it was 
 intended that they would not 
 merely define the route, but 
 would commence the work this year> 
 and yet it was held by the hon. the 
 Premier that, in order to ooramenco 
 any work we must wait until next 
 Session of Parliament. Nothing in 
 the shape of flilfilling the obligation 
 on the part of this Government had 
 been done, with the exception of an 
 honest attempt, he believeKd, to build a 
 portion by sending out rails to BritishA 
 Columbia. He would not occupy the 
 time of the House any longer except to 
 state on behalf of the people whom he 
 had the honour to represent, and other 
 members from British ColumBu* could 
 put in their protest on behalf of the 
 people thoy represented, that they 
 wanted that railway commenced this 
 year, and if any further surveys were 
 necessary to be made, let thorn be 
 made. 
 
 MacL«an, Roger & Co., Parliamentary and Departmental Printers, Ottawa, Ont. 
 
ibly they 
 at. When 
 had beon 
 
 it was 
 »ald not 
 ite, but 
 this year, 
 I hon. tho 
 Bommenco 
 intil next 
 othing in 
 obligation 
 iment had 
 ion of an 
 to baild a 
 to British A 
 (ccupy the 
 ' except to 
 ) whom he 
 and other 
 (ibi'i* could 
 lalfof the 
 that they 
 enced this 
 veys were 
 
 thorn be 
 
 1 
 
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