IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I i;.t2 1^128 2,5 2.2 J.O 1.8 m III u 1 1.6 6" 1 Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN SltiElfT WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (7f6) 873-4503 ^^ '^" \ # :\ \ ^ ^1 ^*^ ^* ^ €\^'. ^ \ ^<\ % '% # ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiq ues Technicai and Bibliographic Notes/Notes tachniquas at b'bliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faa^uras of this copy which may be bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha ima$|as in tha reproduction, or which may significantly changa the usual mathod of filming, are chackad balow. a Colourad covers/ Couvertura de couiaur □ Covers damaged/ D ^ouverture endommagte Covers restored and/cr laminated/ Couverture restaurie at/ou pallicul^te I I Cover ^itle missing/ La titre de couv^irture m;inque Coloured maps/ □ Coloured m Cartes giof graphiquas sr^ couiaur nk (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured piatM and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur D D D D Bound with othtvr material/ Relii avec d'autt-es ciocuin(»nts Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along interior maigin/ La re liure serrie pout causer da I'ombre ou de la dial >rsion la long da la marge int^rioure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omined from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte, mais. lorsque cela itait possible, cas pages n'ont pas itt film^as. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentairer.- L'Institut a microfilm* la meilleur exemplaira qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Las details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtta uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvant modifier una image reproduite, ou qui peuvant exiger une modification dans la mithoda normaia de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. r~l Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagias Pages restored and/oi Pages restaur^es at/ou pelliculdes Pages discoioursd. stained or foxei Pages dicolories, tachaties ou piquAas Pages detached/ Pages ditachies Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality inigala de I'impression Includes supplementary materia Comprend du materiel supplimantaira Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible j I Pages damaged/ r~| Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~7| Pages discoioursd. stained or foxed/ j I Pages detached/ rri Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ r~l Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by er*-ata slips, tissues, etc.. have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Las pages totalement ou partieilemant obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata. una palure, etc.. ont M film^es A nouveau de fapon i obtanir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checkec below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X I — I — \ — I — \ — I — \ — I — I — I — \ — I — r -r 12X 16X 20X 26X 30X A 2AX 2IX u 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Seminary of Quebec Library L'exemplaira filmi fut reprodult grice ji la ginirositt de: SJminaire de Quebec Bibliothdque The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filmiing contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are fMmed beginning on the first page with a printed or iilustratfid impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantes ont iti reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compts tenj de la condition at de la nettet* de rexemplaire film6. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de fiimage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont fllmte en commen9ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derni^re page qui comporte una empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les cutres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniirs page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le eymbole V signifie "FIN". IVIaps. plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right end top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre fllmte A des taux de rMuction diffire'.its. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reprodult en un seul cliche, il est filmi i partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en baa, en prenant le nombre d'lmages nicassaire. Los diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 e .» V. •h s*. LOUISIANA; m COLONIAL HISTOfiY « i at CHARLES axlYAURE. NEW YORK: HARPER (i: iniOTIIERS. 1851. Ed1««I, MeoiJtoB to Art of C.ns««, to ui. ^4^, li-M, BV IM&rm * BUOtllERS, 1. COMTENf S PIKST SERIES. FIRST LECTURE. Wtgt Primltivo State of the Country--Expeditu,n c,f Do Soto h 1539-Ht« Doath-D..sc.oyery of the Mississippi i„ Mm, l,y Fathor Murquetto *l.d jrol,et-fl,cyare follow,.] i„ 1682 by USnile and the CJ.evaliep ae l«uU-^ssiiasiiiatiouofLaSulle, . . •• SECOND LECTURE. Arrivat of I!,m-il!o nn.! Hienville-Setd.Mnont of « Frenc!, Cotony in Louisjanu-Sauvolle. /irst (Jovornor-Kvo.its and Characters in rrr';""l'r,*°'""'^"^ ''^"' ^''"* ^"'""i'' ^"^""^ ^' Salle's Death, in Iba7,toi70l, 3Q THIRD LECTURE. Situation of the Colony fron, I70I to 1712_The Petticoat Insurrection -History and Death of Ihorville-IJienviile, the second (Jovernor oi Lou.s.ana-II,story of Anthony Cro^at, the great Banker-Coneea- aiou oi A,omsiana to him FOURTH LECTURE. Lainothc Cadillac, Oovernor of Lonisiana-Sitnation of the Colony In M3_Feud between Cadillac and JJicnville-Character of RiL- !"C'!""' '''^I"''li""" "S''i"«l the Natchez-De rEninay ceeds Caddlac-The Ch.rate de la Vente-Expedition o «t .,en.. to Mex.oo-II,s Adventnres-.lallot, the Surgeon-lu i717 CrozII gives up his Charter-llis Death, . . "i ^ ^7 Crozut aucii Denis . • . .» I ^ * f SECOND SERIES. FIRST LECTURE. the Colonuation of Loui.a„a-lL v~fll^^t "i''"^ '■" "'"'"^'^ '^'^ ^IIi«tor, of Uw fro. J,i. Birtito I" pLr;' ^^^^"^ f ^^f '»« ^^ SECOND LECTURE. Bienville appointc.! Governor of Louispm-i for ff,„ ^ x- . place of I/Epinay-Foundntion r^ M n '''"""^ *""*-*' '" *^» Denis, Beaulion, ,n,l Xt o ^If " "'■''— Expodition of St; Land Conees.io s-S !tr de T^ , .>'"''"'^ °' ^' ^''"''^ >-The Spaniards .x.a ^ .t Z^ 1 l'^;-aeoiabytl.e French again taken bv tbe F v ' t^ '" """'''"'"■ f^'-^^-I^ensacoI^ byBienville-TheClc ~d T "' ''" ''""""•>' "'^ ^'-^'^■'ibecl ges in the Or.ani Lui „ o r''"" "'" ''""•^" I'--aut-Chan. -erce-Advent^ 2^ Li^ n V"^' '" ^^■'^"'"•■> ^" ^^'-' -Other Facts and eII;! tr^^ZJ^"'' '^ ^^^^ ^^^-^ ^ 339 THIRD LECTURE 1 UULl Ot tllO LllOCf.'UVS.nn,J ru:„K cline asaws, i Choctaws and Chick. 293 FOURTH LECTURE. Transfer of the Hpit ^e r* oi ineiseatot Government to Now Orl<>nn= n n , . and Appparanee in 1724-Boi.bri.,nf r ^"'"""-^t« Population CONTENiai ff •sry—TTe f rinmpTis ©vor them alt— Republicanism of the Colonies— The Ursuline Nuns iiiid the Jesuits— Public Improvements made of contemplated by Governor Ptrier— Census in 1727— Expenses of . the Colonial Administration— Edict of Henry the Second against' Unmarried Women— Oilier Facts and Events from 1723 to 1727— Traditions on the Music heard at the mouth of Pascagoula River, andfin the Date-tree at the corner of Dauphine and Orleans Streets, 359 FIFTH liECTURE. Arrival of tTie Casket Girls— Royal Ordinance relative to the Conces. »ionsof Lands— Manner of settling the Succession of Frenchmen married to Indian Women— French Husbands— Indian Wives— His. . tory of Madame Dubois, an Indian Squaw— Conspiracy of the NaU Chez ag-aiiist the French— xMassacre of the French at Natchez in 1729 —Massacre of the French at the Yazoo Settlement in 1730— Altjick of the Natchez against the French Settlement at Natchitothes— They are beaten by St. Denis— The French and Choetaws attack the Nat- Chez— Daring and Deiith of Navarre and of some of his companions —Siege of the Natchez Forts— Flight of the Natchez— Cruel TreaU ment of Natciiez Prisoners by (iovernor Perier— Desperation of the Natchez— The Ciiickasaws grant an Asylum to the Natchez— Con. spiracy of the Banbara Negroes— List of the Principal Ofiicers in the Colony in 1730 ggg SIXTH LECTURE, Expedition of Perier against the Natchez— He goes up Red River and Black River in pursuit of them— Siege of their Fort^Most of them are taken Prisoners and sold as Slaves— Continuation of the Natchez War— The India Company surrenders it:i Charter— Ordinances on the Currency of the Country- Bienville reappointed Governor— Sit- untion of the Colony at that time— The Natchez take Refuge among the Chickasaws— Great Rise of theAIississippi :iiid (ieneral Inunda- tion—Extraordinary Number of Mad Dogs— Expedition of Bienville against the Chickasaws— He attacks their Villuges— Battle of Ackia —Daring Exploit of the black man, Simon— Bienville is beaten and forced to retreat— Expedition of D'Artaguette against the Chick- Bsaws— His Defeat and Death— History of John Philip Grondel— Other Events and Facts from 1729 to 1736, . 44a ... I ill fl cojrrENTs, CEYENTH LECTTJRE. ilfljrof AgncuTture in t73(J^Excu,ptio„ from Dutre,«„ certain ArtL Cles of Importation and Exportation-War between thprh f^ and rinclca.saw.s-Sin,n.!ar Judicial ProeeeL^i^ 1738 H t^ is recalled to France IiTa T """'^ '' '•'^f"««d-Bien vill« to 1743, VaudreuU-Other FacU and £v<;nUfrom 1735 I II 603 f££FAGE, If eTepyman's fife were closely analyzed, accicfent, or wTiat seems to be so to human apprehension, and what usually goes lt3' that name, whatever it may really be, would be discovered to act a more eonspicuous part and to possess a more control. Img mtluonce than preconception, and that volition which pro- ceeds from long-meditated design. My writing the history of Louisiana, from the expedition of De .Soto in 1539, to the final and complete establishment of the Spanish government in 17bJ, after a spirited resistance from the French colonists, was owing to an accidental circumstance, which, in the shape of disease, drove me from a seat I had lately obtained in the Senate of the United States, but which, to mv intense re-ret, 1 had not the good fortune to occupy. Travelin- for health not from free agency, but a slave to compulsion, I dwelt sev! eral years in France. In the peculiar state in which my mind then was, if its attention had not been forcibly diverted from what It brooded over, the anguish under which it sickened, irom many causes, would soon have not been endurable I .sought for a remedy : I looked into musty arehives-I gather, ed materials-and subsequently became a historian, or rather a mere pretender to that name. _ Last year, as circumstance or accident would have it, I was mvited by the managers of the People's Lyceum to deliver a Lecture before their Society. The invitation was flattering, but came in a most inopportune moment. The Legislature was then in session, and, as Secretary of State, my duties and my daily relations with the members of that honorable bodv vvere such as to allow me very little leisure. I could not de. cline, however, the honor conferred upon me; and with a. M ll 4i via 'BKFAOm mm engrossod ly ether .u!.Ject.s, «„"' . t"'*'^ ''''''''-' whichlhaddeliteaT. fore the 1 eoplc'« Lyceum made its appearance. I attached st h le unportance to this trifling production, the offspr n of an it elicit .7 *' '''' ^ ^^-^ ""^^'^ — ^ -t the' i LrS t ehcted from newspapers, in which it w.s copied at lenT in several parts of the United States. ^ ^ ' What ! said I to myself, am I an unnatural father, and hi, my cluld more merit than 1 i.nagined ? As I was pond It, upon thjs grave question, the last epidemic took pos':: | IVew Orleans by storm. If I ventured into the streets fori ^ 4.I.- , •'^ '^t, and iny eyes were OTeete.l ivifK rtam'd ! f " "="'' ,°-' '^•^'■^' ^'''^^^^' -^ ^-- ' a remamed at home, seeking tranquillity under the protection of n\^::t;f o^tf ^^'r^'^"^^^^'-* visitorsCldtn in, and talk of nothmg else but of the dying and the dead up my servant George to my august presence, I said to him G^corge, you are a great rascal, are you not " ^< Maste i do not know oxactiv " renlinr? i,« ^ i • , • -^^'^ster, l "Well I do 1-n ?' .^ ' ' '"'^tchmg his woolly head. Well I do know it, George, and I am pleased to give vou ha wholesome mformation. But no matter, I forgifyou » - Thank you, master." ^< I deserve no thanks for wLtlC't milk is on th fi. Tt ^""^ '^°"^^ '^"'^« '^^«t«' for tha ,Tnon +1 n ' """^ ^ "'" "^'■"'^ i* ^^''" i^^il over." ^< Out up n the milk, man, and listen to me with all the mi^lit of your African ear.s." George took an attitude of mixed m patience and resignation, and I continued, with mo" marke^l" what reasonaLrcau P "," 7'' '" *"° ^°"«^^^' ^^ -e back with trr^;t-—^^^^ I i -i ^wm totlsfiel vrlfh jcnr •xpertment of tiiat great blessina fteedom, ftnd that you WouTd-jiot -try it any rnorof- Do not hmg Jown your thick hoad, as if you meant to push ft through that big chest of yours ; but keep this in mina : if, lot • Whole week, you allow any human body to ewss 'mj threshold, I swear (and you knov^r I always keep my vvord| that I'll kick you away to the abolitionists. Now vanish froio my sight.'* What impression this order produced on ihii mserable stave, I do not know, but it was strictly executed, After I had dismissed my sablo attendant, i found myself in the same situation that many people frequently fmd them- Belves in. I did not know what to do with myself. I had neither a wife nor children to quarrel with j and as to ser- vants, I hate scolding thom^I reserve that for their beUors. As to my books, I thought I had the right to indulge toward them in any of the capricious whims of a lover, and 1 bent upou their tempting and friendly faces a scowling look cf de- fiance. One thing was settled in my mind ;— I was detor- ininod to enjoy the luxury of laziness, and to be, for a while, an indolent, unthinking sort of animal, the good-for-nothing Chdd of a southern latitude. So, I thrust my hands into the pockets of my morning-gown, and lounged through every room in my house, staring curiously at every object^ as if it had been new to my eyes. For some time, I amused myself with my small gallery of pamtmgs, and with a variety of trifles, which are the pickings of my traveling days. But alas I with some of them are con- nected pamful recollections of the past; and, much to my ro. gret, i discovered that my soul, which I thought I had buried ten fathoms deep in the abyss of matter, was beginning to predominate again in my mixed nature. I hastily turned my eyes from a contemplation, which had interfered with the much coveted ease of the brute ; but, as fate would have it, they settled upon some ancestral portraits. As I gazed at thorn, I became abstracted, until it really seemed to r^e that I saw a sorrowful expression steal over their features, as they looked at the last descendant of their race. I became moody, and felt that one of my dark fits was coming on. What was to be done? I was placed in this awkward ^i,,i .. PREFACE. If'i i dilemma, either to eject my brains from my skull, or to stupefy them. But my pi.stols were not loaded, and the exer- tion to do so would liavo been too great with Fahrenheit at lUO. I felt tempted to get drunk, but unfortunately I can bear no other beverage than watej . Smoking would, per. haps, Lave answered the purpose, if my attempts at acquiring that attamment and all the other qualifications connected with the use of tobacco, had not resulted in a sick stomach 1 was in this unpleasant state of cogitation, when that num. ber of De Bow's B.eview which contains my Lecture on the Romance of the History of Louisiana, caught my sight, as it was lymg on my writing desk. I picked it up, and began to fondle my bantling: of course, I became interested, and all my morbm feelings vanished, as it were, by magic. Oh ! how charming it is to have a family ! Ladies, which of you will have me ? / * But I must not wander from my subject. I say, then, that I had in my left hand De Bow's Review, and, I do not know how, the right one imperceptibly exercised some sort of ma-- netic influence over my pen, which was reposing close by, and which (lew to its lingers, where it stuck. A few minutes alter It was dipped in ink, and running over paper at the rate ot liify railes an hour, and raising as much smoke as any loco, motive in the country. The three other Lectures, which I submit now to the con. SKlerat.on of the reader, are the result of the concatenation of accidents or circumstances which I have related. When I had finished my composition, like most people who act hrst and then set themselves to thinking, I began to