IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 11.25 S Hi ^ « US 12.0 ■IK it lli& U 11.6 Hiotograi±ic _Sciences Corporation ^ 4!k "^W^"' ^^^ 4^^^ 23 WIST MAM STIIIT WIBSTIR.N.Y. USM (716)t73-4S03 ^ A f: «'«='.Ah I'.Ti^K V Jit (JO. ii f 'i 11 THE LIFE OF FIELD MARSHAL tm LUKE OF WELLIKGTOJV. By J. H. STOCQUELER, Esq, AWhof of -Th. BrilUh Offlc«r," "Tlic II«mn,o„k of llri.l.h InUliL" "T.™ u..,. •ml olher workt. IN TWO VOLUMES, WITH NUMEROUS ENOBAVINOa VOL IL PORT HOPE,C. W... HAY « ''^^ greatness of the Duke of Wellmgton, even with the assistance of copious notes A reserved man-one of few words in convcrsation-and scarcely accessible to any but his most intimate friends -the cast and comprehensiveness of the Duke's mind could onlv be measured by an attentive study of his speeches, despatches, and other wntinga. ' r , "« Dr. Johnson said that a man might be known by his letters This 18 but partially true. Most men furnish additional and necessary clues to their characters, whereas the Duke of Wel- hngton, justifying the dictum of the great lexicographer left his letters to speak for him entirely. Hence it has become es- wntial to transfer some of the documents emanating from his Oraces pen to this volume ; and that the narrative might not be needlessly broken, these are to be found in the Appendix rf**" VI PREFACE. VI c and .iU acco- for U>e unusual space devoid to *at part of the work. , , reader's attention is spe- Amo„g.t f W^kewttable letter to Sir Jehu Bur- cially invited, is the UuKe s "> document now so scarce tbat not one "f ""^ ™f ,, ,,^„ , „„„ Taken in conncetion to was able to lay Ins ^""'i "P°"Sill, it may Ik regarded with the Duke's speech on *« M'litia m , ' ;„„ „, as a legacy to all those persons to -^hom tnc p ^ _^^,^ L literty »d »aepe"dence IS eonSW. Haro y^_^^ ^^^^^^ ^:e:i^iror;x^rSu::i^-- iuustnous chief is disregarded. gj j^^n Burgoyne are Next in importance to ^^^ J;*^J^^ ^^ siborne's Waterloo tte extracts from the Beview ^^ ^apta^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^.^ book and Mr. ^^r^.f^Z\^,^^^^Z^''-. and the facts Beview was partly written ^^^^ ^^; • i^ the Netherlands, ^hich it relates, illustrative of the campaign are therefore to be entirely ^^f J^ contained in the Ap- Upon the other papers ^^^^'^^^f \^^,t for themselves; pendixno remark is "^^^^^J.^Jf hey are considered su- Ld we shall be very -^-f^^^^fr^^^VO^s. a complete perfluous by a smgle reader who ^^^g J .^, ^f ^bom Lord of the great ^^f g°f ^^^.^n the flei of time-been England has unhappily-but yet m the luine bereft. CONTENTS. if !l| i' ' i, , \^ ' i '?: 1 ■ fi iiiM Chapter i. Napolcon'8 progress to Paris— P^feotioD of the French troops— The Emperor's preparations for War— The Duke's plan of operations for the Invasion of France— Correspondence of the Duke when at Brussels— View of Napoleon's aggression PAOI CHAPTER II. The British Army in the Netherlands— Napoleon joins his Army at Avcsnes- Attacks the Prussians— Battle of Ligny— Battle of Quatre Bras ...... CHAPTER III. The Retreat from Quatre Bras—The Battle of Waterloo .... 28 CHAPTER IV. The night after Waterloo— The gains and losses— State of Brussels during the 16th, 17th, and 18th of June— Advance of the Allies into France- Louis XVIIL joins the British camp— The scenes in Paris— Napoleon's political throes— The abdication of the Emperor— Proposals for ?-ace— Capitulation of Paris— The Allied Armies enter Paris .... 36 CHAPTER V. Napoleon flies to Rochefort— Is taken to England, and deported to St. Helena— Feeling in England on the news of the Battle of Waterloo- Thanks of Parliament, and Additional Vote of 200,000/.— Other marks of Public Gratitude— Blucher's design on the Pout do Jena frustrated— Wellington created Prince of Waterloo, A-o= . . . • . &4 Till CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI- TAOI r f n.iui^nl Offenders — Justification T..e second He»toration-Condj.,n2n^^^^ „, ,,, I,„,..e_ of the Duke in rc-foreuee to Marsl. il Ney . 1 ^i„„ . . 08 The Dukes honourable proceedings-The Arn.y 1 CHAPTER VII. .• Ti,,. n,.ko'» residence in raris, from 1818 to 1818- CHAPTER VIII. Queen Viotoria-Aooossum of UcorgclV^ I ^erona-Doath of 84 CHAPIEK IX Army 93 CHAPTER X. Ue Duke, by tbe am. ,i.en. ^;^;^,^:Z^^Zf^i:^^ comes Prime Minister . . • • CHAPTER XI. in, (-mtis-Tlio Duke urges Einanci- v.. Catholic ^^^^'T^^^^^i^^on Bill brought forward !»'••"•" "P"" "•" '""r r ri -Tl e Uuke-s Duel with the Earl of Wm- Lord Warden of the Cinque I'oits . • • ' CONTEXTS. CIIArTriR XTT. The Duke anJ the P.-cM_Parlia,ncntn.y Sessio,, of ISSO-H.e National Dis-'*" tros8-ll,c Duke on the Corn Laws, Currency. io.-Dcath of George IV-S„cc,.»s,on of Wlliam IV-Revoluti.... in France, Belgium, and Poland-The Regency QuesUoa in Engh.nd-The Civil List-Kesignation of Ministcrfi . ° 151 5 I:' i \i\ CHAPTER XIII. The Reform quoBtion-Tho Ministerial Bill defeated in Committee-Parlia- ment di..9»lvt.8-Re.a,8en,bleB-New Bill int.-.,Juce.l-Pa..ae8 in the CommoMB-I.s resisted by the Duke in tlie House of L .rds-The Duke's Speeches ' 169 CriAPTER XIV. TheSe8>ionof 1833— The Duke' 8 opinions on various questions— His views of Pnuciple and Expedicucy-Tho Duke elected Chancellor of the Uni- versity of Oxford, i,. 1834-Uesignation of Lord lIellK,urue-Sir R Peel forms a Miuis.ry-It is 8,K,n broken up-The Whigs recalled- Death of VViUiain the Fourth . Its CHAPTER XV. Accession of Queen Victoria 192 CHAPTER XVI. The Session of 1840-The Duke on the religion of Prince Albert-The Affghanistan Campnign-TI.e Navy-Libels on the Proceedings of the House of Commons-The Marriage of the Queen— The Whig Ministrv resigns, in 1841— The Duke as an orator . 203 CHAPTER XVII. The Duke resumes the command of the Armv— Sessions of 1843 and 1844— Opinions on the Conquest of Scinde and tlie recall of Lord Ellenborou^h -Equestrian statues of the Duke raised in the City of London and at Glasgow-The (.u.en visits the Duke at Strathfieldsaye-Tbe Duke's letters— Aqeid 3 't to the Duke . . 217 CONTENTS. CIIArTER XVIII. nam Purk Coiucr-Resignutlou of Sir Robert Icei lyjru Govemmenl-The Duke oa our Nat.o.ml DefeDcea . . • • CHAPTER XIX. The ChnrtisU-Monster Meeting on Kennington «"-Undon i^^^^^^^ .t^to of Bicae"-The Duke's military dispoaitions-Tue Cha. t.at Meei.ng ZluJ^ce^Uy-Vre^nU^^^n of the Chartist Petition m the House of^ Commons 240 CHAPTER XX. The French Revolutiou-The Death of Sir Yf'J'^,^Z^^:^^TZ Prinoe Louis Napoleon-The Embodiment of the M'l-tw^-DeatU "f Duke of Wellington-Tributes-Appointments consequent on h.s Death ^^^ Public Funeral CHAPTER XXI. » ... 881 Character of the Duke of Wellmgton . . • • CHAPTER XXII. . .296 Habits of the Duke of Wellington CHAPTER XXIII. , „ . . , 806 The Titles, Honours, and Descent of the Duke . • • 880 Afpemdiz WALMER C ST. MARv'a NAPOLEON THE THEAl AND T THE EARL ( MARSHAL N MONT ST. JE CHATEAU 01 CHAPEL OF SQUARE AT 1 'HE EVBNII STAFF.- VISCOUNT CA SIRATHFIELO PRINCE TALLl APSLEr H0C8 tORD ELBON WRD HVERP( THE WALL OF THE RIGHT HC THE TOWN OF COPEXHAOEN'i THE DUKE OF ■ COLUMN AT TR; W- HUSKIS80N COlUMir IN PH( I^IST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. VAfl WALMER CASTLE ST. MARV'S CHURCH, WALMKR . ' ' ' ' '^'"''PhHie. NAPOLEON . ' * * ' Vignette. MONTST. JEAW * * .18 CHATEAU OF HOUGOUMO.VT . . * ' ' ■ 26 CHAPEL OF HOUOOUMOXT . " ' ' * ' " * ^8 SQUARE AT WATERLOO— CHARGE OP Ttr. ' ' * • • 29 STAFF.-ADVANCE OF THE IMPERIL GUARO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH SIRATHFIELOSATE . . PRINCE TALLEYRAND . APSLEVH0U8E . . * * I.ORD ELDON U)RD LIVERPOOL THE WALL OF THE CHATeIu OF HOUOOUMON, ' THE RIGHT HON. GEORGE CANNING. THE TOWN OF WELLINGTON ' ' COPENHAGEN'S GRAVE . , ' " ' " VOLUMN AT TRIM W. HUSKIS80N . , * * ' • COLUMN IN PHCENIXpIrk^p^^; . ' * * S3 . 59 63 . 69 84 . 86 87 . 88 90 . 92 98 101 116 130 139 in LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. tOBD WINCHELSEA WALMER CASTLE OEOKOE THE FOURTH tOUD LYNDIIURST COSTUME OF THE D€.E AS CHANCELLOR • • EARL OHEY . • BIR ROBERT TEEL . • ' WILLIAM THE FOUUTU . • • • LORD BROUGHAM . • BTATUE AT EDINBUROH . • ' * ' 6TATUE IN FRONT OF THE ROYAL EXCOAXOE. • ^ THE STATUE AT OLASOOW • • * " * LOUD PALMEUSTON BTATUE AT HYDE PARK CORNER . • • * BANDOWN CASTLE . • ' * * LAST MOMENTS OF THE DUKE • • • iORD HARDINGE. . • • ' LYING IN STATE . • THE FUNERAL CAB . • * * THE CRYPT OF ST. PAUL'S . • ' * PAMPELCNA THE duke's ROOM AT VTALMER . OBELISK AT WELLINGTON, SOMERSETSHIRE . • STATUE AT THE TOWER WKLUNGTON'8 ORDERS AND DECOBATIONS.-PLATES I. \l. AND III. TJiOt . 147 150 . 165 160 . 178 185 . 187 100 . 198 201 . S22 223 . 232 . 237 . 252 . 261 . 268 . 274 . 275 . 278 . 280 . 296 . 302 . 304 309 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF ^VFJJJXGTOX. CIIAITKll I. T ^Jias bccp. shifcil that Napoleon resiiiiKnl tlio Oovornnicut of Franco on _the 4th of April, '81'J. It is necessary to take a retro.si)ect of tho steps bj which ho as- cended to that "danger- ous eaiinencc." Iinniodiately after land, ing ia the Gulf of St. Juan, iXapoleon at tho licad of his fiagniont of an arnij, advanced to- Doy lay throa-rh La Mure Vizill A r.n 1,1 ^™'''''' ^^™- His jour- Thc cries of v«. , ^:;l^i^:ft''r' ''"^'"' ^''^"*^--- peasantry did „ot know w^t c. to cn.^ m""' T'^ «<^«ttered-tho ogain brought then. . "^ ? . ;^ ol '" *'° '"T"" '''' ^"^<^ tbrough the conscription. A V e e ^U.T'''""' ""f "'^""''^ were drawn up t,, oppns. ! J p ^^ ^'^ '!?'7V' *''" ^'"° VOL, n. Y o'<33. Ho fearlessly presented I.IIK OV TllK DrKK OV VNKl.l.lNd ioN. [ISIO. ,„.„„ „t ,1,0 .r,„J- .■...-0 .... N.H" . ; ^^_^^ „,, „,„ ,,,,„ admit Uouiiparto. JUnosod to second liif* t'liloi'- •ioh througli his favour, and dul ... t NN.>h t l^ ^,^^ ..Ml-at he had nciuirod no hold "Ij^ j" .^ :,, i„..,cneo und iuju.ti.o, and they d. I t.ot ^'f^^y^'J''\^^^^^ ^^,^^, ,„t one ^vl>o .HU vccollcetiou. of aff-ont. .u.d "^^^^^-J^'^^J^,,, ,,. ,,.1 ,.1 „ot hccn cith.r censured - -^^ ^:^;-,,ir vc.i.uations. „ot Iccu .i,<.ntaucou.ly vcea kd ^J^^^^^^^^ ,,.,,,,a thou. He gave then, lino na.ucs-fcd thm o a^.o ^^^^^ ^^^ .-trained thorn to hunt down ^''° S'^nc ^ jt ) ^^^^^^ „.any dogs-rewarded t^.u, w.U. a .a of ^^ ^^^,, little scruido of Nvhiin>n.g or l^f ""^l^" "^ tley b° other- ,.ong. They .cro .ot dis^ eased at h. ^J^ >- f ^^/^ ;^„„,„,„aod .i.o tl,an annoyed at Ids sudden re un ^ a. J ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ in the South, announced h.s arn alto the Km a ^vho had beeonio Jlmisler ot ^^ '''^' '"*" . ;^ . '.L j^ru.V, in ^vhich ho towards the Dourbons, is.ued a 1"- -"f, ^^^ j'\ ;™ , ,- ran tho .poke of Napoleon as a usurper '• ^^ hat do s ho .an 1 ,nf "rivilwar AV hat docs he seek foH iiaiiois. rrr'T.W * * * • IJonaparte despises us enough to wdl he find thcn» ^ /„.;/;;,^,/e aH<^ ■wrll-lclowl Sovereign believe that ^vc can abandon «/;';?'/'« -"« "'"',,„ ^^ adventurer I to sLare the late of a n.an .ho - -^ -J^ ^^ ;:,;':,1, ,,, in lie believes it, the madman! llis la»t aet ot "» J his true colours." And thus ho, the crafty f^^^:^lXi..^ known to the army of the Empire by the soiibriqUiit 1815.] NAI'OLKO.V AbVA.VCKS TO PARW. I{ "■..•.nl" n.Ml wl,„ |,,„1 .0 „f„„ ;,„,,,.,„, f,„,,^ til'"ii llio .siiMicr-; ((, r.illy even iimii. (■ii(|,iisiiisti( pi'i'sciicc (if (||,j Ki 'iilid f||,> I, y «'» HlO K,irrlp_ cj,]]j,,l ill I 'HICI- of (lio Lili ii-* iH'wIi.in, |,,v.iltv. jitid nisi ll,L' (Ml tll(. C'VC .,f li •>i'V \v;is iii^' to tlie under tli(. Count d'Artois, fh,. K inv,^i,,,.-Hworo to Louis XVIH. l|,ari;o"^ould iii;,''.s bi'otiicr. t .)"|'|"'.^' an anii_j' iissoiubloa to J "If t>on(|M(;rcd iind in clmi But nil tl cnuld rely upon tlio lion MS ontliimi;,sin did not IIS 111 till iron c:i''(! ! <'nis|i N,.||H)1 liriiig his flic Icon's my piPK.ns— ;rround!oss ns tlio result n'lir and fidcdity of tl ''"•u tlio Uoiirbmis tliat tl '\o\ lie niarsliiils. Tli to niovo tlu, King (o at Ica.-t dismiss Maisl in sonio iimtiiiu.cs proved— I,m.] tl At J. Iial S 0-ons, Napoleon, it was supposed, vo.ild ]> ioiilt iViiin Iii.s po.^t. I'lr siis- iieia Inr-o forco luul l.oon hastily usseniblod d'Art 11 ois. the Doc d'Orleans (afterwards T, '^ ' iliilatcd ; for a ci-o under the Count Marshal JIaedonald— the latter of wl beeauso ho had been true to tlio E adversity. Xovcr was iOIlLS Phil PI'l')- the sight of Nap.doon's ad caleulation on hiyallj oin was adored by tho sohl iiilioror in tho last I and ior.s, lioiirs (if hi.s the I-: vanctd cuard more nnfimnh.d. At niperor. and the thro tioii. At Lons-lo-S and skill, iiunu contest, between I was a man of small the whole f„rco declared f,jr :'•'«• The Eourbous liad fled. I. nttcr a faint opp„.siti. eon Fland lers. ^ouis XVIII. to t II. reached uieiit, iu i"""cdlately passed at Vienna has been What The Bourbons now mad own account. Tho Due d'Angoul an attempt to rai.so man in the family," .., Napol igoulcme and tho Duel recorded. a civil war on their Iiess. tl !ie on cmleavoured to ral Marseill 10 peopl con was accustomed to call 1 'ly cs, and Bordeaux— and all in tit south — at P fi;ver Jiad seized tl evaporated rapidly unavailingly. The ] 'e people, and the Bourbonisiu of ler, rovenco. >onapartean a few moutba LIFK Ol-' TIIK Dl'Ki: OF WKLLINUTO.V. [isia Napoleon, of course, iimilo a imillilmlo of liim promlncs to tlio imtioii. Ho bi'gau to iTcparo for it a i.fW Coustitiifun,,. Ho ttloli.sl.oa i,l.iV(T}— ami npi.^alin- to tlui so/nrnirs of tl.o «oldicrH of tho Kiiii.iri>, ho created u HiM.ntiuuMms cnlluihlasin for tlic military Hcrvice. Tim army liad loon nHlucea by tlio policy and hcrvilo ccoi.omy of tim IJourbm.s to UO.OOO men ; Napoleon raised it by his artful appeals to 1^0.000 in a very few days; and uumeroui. corps were formed by the yomig men of France, who enrolled theniHclves us volunteers under tho denon.ination of 'M'^triotio a.ssoeiation. '■ On tho l.st of June, a Rrand and imposing military spectacle was held on the Champ do Mars, when the dcptUies of *liing the new power which had thus suddenly arisen was not unknown to Napoleon, and he applied the resources of his mind to its counter- action. Several plans suggested themselves to him. He at first meditated awaiting their advance upon Tails, where he might, by tlio time they could possibly have readied the capital, bo prepared to receive and defeat them. But the people dreaded the approaoii of the allies, and tho vast force tliey were accumulating seemed to render all prospect of a successful opposition to their advance perfectly futile. Under these circumstances Nai.oleou comeived another plan of operations, and this, after many deliberations, he adopted. Belgium, he concluded, wished to be re-united to Frauce. 1815.] PLAN OF HOSTILE OPEnATIOxVa. r,, e„ry 0.1 ,l,i, |>|.„ N„,,„|o„„ Ji.„ibute,l 1,1..™, .,„„, n„ was continued at Paris as Minister of War. ^^voust The moment tlmt it was decided the Duke of Wellington should take an act.vo part i„ resisting the new nggrosMon of 4olc ^ Graee ,egnn to d.rect his mind to the measures essential to the suc'c^ of the operations of the allies. He saw that, with such a fur e the^ could r,ng n.to the fi.hl, the contest woulj be a shor ne a, J 6ub..d.es winei, u.s already shown, were granted. ^ °^ lheJ)u!:eof^Vclli„gtun was ,juite sati^tied that no chance of a poHcr. li.s destruction was necessary ao a prelude to tranmiiUitv '-It is the desire for war, particularly in the nnnv tvI„M, ^ rought Bonaparte l.ek, and has forme/ for hlu y p ' i^^ gven huu every success; and all my observations, whc^ ^at [CL convinced me that it was tho King alone who kcnt Em-nnn ! ' and that the danger whieli most iLnediatdy tLltet fis 1^'' was to be attributed to his desire to maintain tie pa e on J the wishes not only of the army, but of the majority of las suWel of^some of his Mi„ister,s, and even of some of his fanfilj "''' lour lordship" continued the Duke, "will then judge what chance there ^s of maixitaining the p, .ee if Bonaparte' Zollt LIKE OF iUK DL'KE OF WELLIXOTOX. [!•!» entirely sncci-:<»ful, fonsUloriiii; liin difpoKition for wnr, aJvorliiig to the opinions lio lias Jclivorid n'.J oiilertuiiia upon tlie pfuee, and to the necessity under wliicli lio labours to cultivuto liiu popuUriU witb the omiy, nml to ciidi\»vour, at least, to flatter the vanity ■» 'lie nation by military succosh. Depend upon it, my lord," ton 'laded tbo Duke. " that if he succeeds in establishing hiiuself, wo have no chauco of peace, except by resigning all our comiui'sts to the Rhine at least; and our clmiico then depends u|>on bis inoderutioii " A MEMoitANt>i;M of the course of procedure most desirable for tbo allied troops was drawn up by the Duke on tiio I'ith of April, 1815. In this ho btattd tliut the objuct of the allies should bo, by their rapidity, to bo b^jforo-hand with tbo plans and measures of Bonaparte ; and to throw such a force into Franee as would bo capable of either defeating tbo army in tbo field, or keeping it in olicek, and of retreating upr i supporting armies in case of misfortune. Ho reoom- mended the (•mi)loyment of allied IJrilish, Dutch, and Ilanoveriai. troops, under his own command; Prusftiun troops, under Count Oneisueau ; allied Austrian, Bavarian, 'Wurtemburg, and Baden troops (to bo assen»bled on tlio Upper Uliine) under Prince Schwartzcnburg. Ho was of opinion that the British, Hanoverian, Dutch, and Prussian troops should enter France between the Sambro and the Mouse; that bo, the Duke, should endeavour to get possession of Maubeugo or Avesnes, while CJencral Gneisneau directed his luan-h upon Rocroy and Chimay. Corresponding opera- tions were to be undertaken by Prince Scl.wartaenburg, and their combined movements promised to r'.v • tl'i> allies pos.sesaion of a number of in nortant fortresses, auu . , ;«< 200,000 m u in tbo centre of France, with a reserve of :iU(VJOO, w'l- so operav •"> uiight be directed upon Paris between the .L u., and the Oiso. Four days after drawing u,i this uiemoraudun), the Duke of Wel- lington wrote to the Prince Regent of Portugal, inviting bim to assist the great objects of the European Confederacy with a body of troops ; and adverting to tbo impossibility of their operating on the Spanish frontier with a Spanish corps in tho then state of the financial resources of tho Guvernmeut of Spain, tho Duke urged the Prince J'.f. a Jr.nco Selnvnr..o„b.,rg of/, s '^ ''"'""''^' »" '•"""ation from t'- I>"I I' 4. ■'but I-n;- Sc.I.«.a.f.enbar; " """'"""' '^'"-^ »'- -., ;atio„ of oru.sa.lo ag,.in.sk .Vapoloun b.if T ?'"'"""" "^ J"""'" in tl.o '; "- -al «,.,, „f ,,„ ^,^,^^ "f '^^^^^^^ ...to an elaborate ex, ,..itio„ ""--«t.s lie bold to bo antn,...,il,r; ''"^^ ^"""° """^ ^"^'^'P^'o"". vl.oso -ve in tbo rank.s of t^o .^ ' /'"' ^"""^; <» ^^'-o n.aa i Z at ...1. a ease no. e.i,.^. VL^C;''y' '"." ^ ^^ -t pore ve ,^-»"'"ic« of ono n,an and bi. ' '"'' '" ''■■'^'° »"3'- AVo see ,e '"« ■•f-00 over .l.;^Jd.: ~'''V'''^ ''^'^"-' '"'"-'^ " ;; 7'^- .;. su.j,„.,o Franc, : 7to ,::•' 7 ;''° ^'"«'« "--■. ve ane.ed wo bad escaped. Wo 1T ""•'"'' ''•■'•>'^ "^ '"i-rj -•' '«' "■■'•.not bo at poaeo. It 1 " "' T'"; "''"' '"•'" l^ecauso we '; be-„.o tbo tbeati-o of a „• b ''" ' '"' ''''•"'"^ ^'"^^ «''o s ;;;;«'' '.« i. tbo oauso and .1.: i^: ';V;;;";;"'^''"'« "— ^ and "- ;var is dirocfed against bo b I '""■'' '"" "^^ ■'^"'^P"«°'^ -«'- of l.i. nation" " "'"■-^"" '"^ "^ "'— tin.cnt" " 1 «'i^nS:.^:;:*^.?:rr^^^^^ 1 8 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1816- This paosago comprebonds so just a view of the relations between France and the allies, as distiuct from those of the corrupt and traitorous Trench army and its opponents, that it deserves to bo remembered and treasured in all discussions of the question as be- tween England and France. It is clear that the sword was not now drawn against France, but>^- France, and against Napoleon. _ The allies, it has been shown, intended to act upon the offensive. It will presently be seen that Napoleon Bonaparte was beforehand with them, and, in the attempt to carry out his design of destroying them m detail, forced a decisive contest upon the plains of Belgium. [1815- •S^f, # pwfiiJipllpliili iRWIWViliiP!i*- ^^^ii^'t4%, lAsihi'fi*^^ f^' * . J I - ' '', l^«.l THE BRITISH ARMY IN THE NETHERLANDa A -J CHAPTER 11. n» Brlttah Amiy In «« N,th,rl«,d.-NapoIeon Join, hi, .rmy at Areaos-Attack. th. PruMlMi.-BatUe of Ligny-BatHe of Quatra Brai HE army assembled under tho Duko of Wellington in the Netherlands numbered 78,500 men. Two-thirds of the force consisted of British, Hanove- rians, and Belgians ; the remain- der were from the Brunswick and Nassau States. It was pre- cisely such a force as the Duke of Wellington would not have taken the field with if he could have helped it. The British troops were, for the most part, raw levies. After tho Peninsular War, a large proportion of the V ^ , ,. , *"*°°Ps was sent to Canada and New Orleans; disbandment also took place upon a grand scale; and the '-astonishing infantry," with which the Duke felt that he could have accoraplwhed alu.ost anything, was dispersed over tho kingdom • suuH gratuities and trifling pensions marking the gratitude of the on.ntry for all the scars they had earned, and the blood they had freely slied. Still, in tlie raw troops now assembled under tho Field Marshal, there was the same British spirit-the same sense of duty -and a perfect reliance upon tho great chief by whom so many victories had been won. And the army was well officered. Renouncing the enjoyments of home, and the tranquillity of garrison existence evory man who had distinguished himself in the fields of Portugal' fepam, and Francs .sought employment at thia juncture ; and the t II I LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1810. 10 Duke soon found himself surrounded by the men ho loved best, and on whom he could place the most perfect dependence. Lord Hill wad with him, and commanded the right wing of the army near Ath. The Prince of Orange was at the head of the left wing at Brau.e \<^ Comte and Nivelles. Lord Combermore was not present; but a soldier distinguished by his intrepidity, and the admirable manner in which he had covered Sir John Moore's retreat to CoruHa, headed rax xAat or tobeidob, ArcEEWABDs mabqois or AuetwCT. the cavalry, and gave assurance that wherever he was, there victory would be i-thls was the Earl of Uxbridge.' Besides these men, and , «The Ea". of Uxbridg. w« bora the 17th of M.y, 1708, u»l received tha ««» "O"""* .f hU^lo„ at winder, whence he wa. --T* /^ ^'''"t^J'Si; the beginning of the ftevo.u.looary w., '- "^*« ^''>- l:^Z^TZ Inidnioiu repoM,and anxloua to cmbwuse • mlUtaiy Ufe,ral»e,"p::rtr"' """''""^ °'' """ «"""- °^ ^'» "■>•"« refund. .,„ „.„ ,„,„„„, „, ,„, ,„,, Imv '',,''/■" """""' " '•"'"--"^3- which he •l.elc.„er.,r«.rvicc., Lord P„,e. wm , u " " "" '"''«" """''»• ''•"^'^^<-' -"mh, ..fer o«. hip bc.h,g Junior Held omccr.w,. oluSa J, . , """"'' ""'' "' """ "■'-"'"' I-o«i .'»««,, Who had hoc. n=:„,.vei Cn : ^ht : '" ""™""" "' "•^•^--^■>- '"-- Light nn,«„„„^ accompanied .11, R, 1 H, T , """'"'""' "' '"« •'"' K'^'^-nt of """«n.ija»Uln.he«eneLa,,ac" Lfd? ~ "^ ^or. ,„ ,„« c.po.lUlop .he division under ,ho command „f „ ",J J, ? '™' "''^ '""''"'" "'" ""-"«» .'^""""^'"•-"■"".J an opporlnnl. „ i:"r"' ,^". "~'. -' .-.cd on hat day oblalned by UrilUh troops un.l/r c rcu ' "«""!"">• 'o .he brillian. vicory Uo n. ,h„ evening o.' ,ha. day U,o e.emy"Zr? " '"" '""" "'— ^""^ "...ur^ Which they made „,„.„ ...o nH,i,h ho.o a",,;; :.'l"""'« -"'*"-, in an „„empt P.«e., and driven wi.h considerable hn, „e J ,'„ v °" '' "" ^-"''^ '"'"" Lord army Lord P„g„,, ^..^ „„ „,,.,, pro, .c"<.i L ° '■''"■'""'■°'>-^''«- '" ."c re.reat of ,„at Place, Whereby several pieces of cannon 11 ,;..Lh'„T 7T '''""''"'"" ""^'"^ ""^- oae sqnaclron, made a gallant „„ack npo,. .h "o '""' ,"' .""' "'"■'">• '^ '-'""P- wi.h fines ihat of his lordship'.,, ,„,a,ly rep, Ised ,1 el f """' '""""' """•""""« '" """vo six -vera, pieces of ,„« e.Ln-s ca ,,'';; """""' ""'^'^ "'^' «^'"""' -" «"" -'-u J'asot devoied himself wi,h the grea,";, sid.i ,""",•" ""' "'">■ ■■""" """-'- '-rd a'^i. by his „nre,ni„i„g a„e„,ion , , J, ' n ' '"""*'"' "' '"' ^''■'"">^""" ''""es. of cavalry i„ ,„« „H,ish servicl. i.ie, c^m c^^"; "7^'° """ "'• "- "-« re.in,en^ eavalry, con,l,ii„g „f „,, -„ j^,,, 7'" '-"^J"' Lord Page,, will, two brigades of division sen. under ,he eomo.a.'.d ! s, i," ,„ ^ ' '^^■■^"-" "^ "--•. followed ,he ^paln. Lord Pa.e; disen.barked his for"" ^ "'7""""' """ "'^ •'""" "■'■'-'> "> opposed .o his lordship fro,„ ,„e want of fora Z7 7' "'" """""""'^'" ''^"'-"'- tardy supplies they an-ord.l, very di^ore all w f """" ""''"« '"" ^>'-. «"'> ."e On he ,0,1, Of neccnber. Lord Page. «rr ve a"";,, ""' ' l""""" ''"' "'-'^'^■'' "' •"''«. «bled,obri,,gin,o,,,e„e,,l„weli;,p,ipS ,Wo? T' •■" "'''" " '"''■^"""' '""-"' -'^ ' >"rd«hip-s division eneced a junc'io .'" ,b / ?""?■ '""" "" "^ -*^" o.' Xove.nbe, ".ecr„iea.s:a,eof am.irs had dejnnined t^ i^ m "l^ T ""'" """"• '^' ""--'-'" Clrc,nns,auce, a^erwards caused ,l,is .novem ■ t J " I 7 '" "" '""^"^ """»■ ''-'"-'■ >'Ponwl,h ,he division uuder.Sir D.vid I.aW I, ? ■'-^"""'•"'' '•""' " J-"«''"" was resoi-ed L.eu,en„n,-.;e„era. U,.a ^„e. was s ^^I":^ ri;? '7'"^'^"^--' "" "-^»^hon,ece,„„er. Sahagun ; and a. ,.,e la„er place a bo,iv J^o^Z'^ """ •"■ ^^^'^''^^^ '»-"^« '"N-'s -Wun ""'^" '-'^ '-'''■" ->-' -y a rapid m!. :::^ ^::;';rT' " '"^ "'"' '^™ ""-"• '"•'"J-! ' ^^.•■•or,l:,,,.|..:„ ,,v, „■,•,.■•■ "•'■"'«"•' "T'rom Ihe ,„„iu body ,„■ „,„ ,.-,ench "•^'l""'-'" ^ -l^i>.v„r„„,e,V„u. illt I,,: ul7""" "' "'" ""' ^'^i-'-"""! '^■-'c w;« i"acon,rarydirec-ion, reached Sahagun, and uZ 1 f"""' """"' "'"^ «^«" '^'^'-'y -ne-nen escaped a„d gave ,he alar n, w'hicV "dl^ T, '"l"^' '"' '"" ™-"-*-' ""'-.unaleiy Particnlarly favour.,,,., ,>„m a ho„,.w W ^ , , Ir"'' " ""•"^"" '"■ '"« '-' -■' cavalry: audi, ...„,„..,,.,•„.. -,oce..,ry ,o 1 .r "'■ "'"""" '""•"■'''^' <"■ '"« "^'"'h ^' I"' '"^'•'""■" '■'«•■- ^. ..en. .ho'abii;:;:: : V ;•;: r '^"i" '"« ""-•"«- -'• ^--.a having succecled lu improvl,,.., |,|, „o.Iiiou „ ,., "'''"'' ""'"^■'''■^ will, elfeel ; and ^Ine. The rapidity wi!h .h^h , CS W t 1^^ "" !"* ^'•"" '"« '-■^' "-- "P ^ "''■h cauihy rushed on ,o ,he allack conlj no, b» '^^-. 13 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1816. decorations earned in the Peninsula. There wcro also Major- Generals Kempt, Ponsonby,, Byng, Pack, Bradford, Lambert, Maitland, Halkett, and Adam. The staff was admirably composed. In the Adjutant-General's department were Sir Edward Barnes, Sir George Berkeley, Colonel Waters— he who had managed the passage of the Douro— and many n^-re. Sir W. Be Lancey was the Quartermaster-General, and Lieutenant-Colonel Torrens, Sir. R. D. Jackson, and Sir A. Uickson, were among those under him. Sir George Wood commanded the artillery ; and in the Duke's personal staff were Lord Fitzroy Somerset, the young Lord March, and the gallant Marquis of Worcester.' The cavalry comprised several regiments of heavy dragoons, includ- ing the Life Guards and the Royal Horse Guards (Blue), and fourteen regiments of Light Dragoons. Five of the light corps were composed of the German Legion. The infantry consisted of thirty-five battalions and two complete regiments ; one of these was the 33rd Foot, the corps in which the Duke first saw service, and with which he had been connected for twenty years. withstood by the French, their line was Immediately broken, and their whole force dUperMd. with considcmble slaughter; two Lleulenanl-Colonels, ...d upwards of 190 men, made prisoners, were the frnlts of this bold, yet woU-planned operation. In the disastrous retreat of Sir John Moore, U>rd Paget, with his cavalry, brought up the rear, and the ardour of his lordship frequently exposed him to Imminent danger. Skirmishes dally took Pl^'o- a»d Jho masterly disposition of his lordship, and the alacrity he at all limes evinced enabled the British troop, to reach Coruila with » trifling \o». At M.vlorga.a well-directed ""«=•'''»» executed on a considerable force of the enemy by the 10th Hussars, under Colonel Leigh, in which the Brilish were successlMI, and 100 of the French made prisoners. At Benovenlo Lord Pngefs division was attacked by the chasseurs of Bonaparte's Imperial Guard; the pickets Which were along the Esla river having been driven In, hi. lordship reinforced thetu wilh the Inlying pickets; these, with a part of the German tlus«irs, gallantly kept in check ,ix squadrons of the Imperial Guards. Lonl Paget having arrived on the spot, found them encased in a very sharp skirmish; he Immediately sent for the 10th Hussars, and gave orders for an attack with the pickets the Instant he had formed the 10th in a second line. Tills attack was conducted with so much gallantry that the Imperial Guards were overthrown, withtholossof a General and several other offlcens and 100 men made prisoners, and many killed wounded, and drowned. By a conlliuml series of bold opcrullons. Lord Paget acquired for the British cavalry the high character they held during tl.o rest of that campaign ; and the very able manner in which the retreat of Sir John Moore was protected, throughout, by the Hu».c perish." Ths army now at Napoleon's disposal for service in tho north amounted to 130,00C -ncu. The Prussian army, consisting of 1 10,000 men, stretched from Liege, where the left of the army, under General Uiilow, was posted, forming a junction with tho British. Tho high road from Charlcroi to Brussels ran between tho two armies. The advanced posts of the Prussian right wing were at Cliarluroi, and a brigade of Nassau troops, forming the left of the Duke of Wellington's army, Ta3 stationed at Frasnc, on tho same road. Quatro Ikas and Flut n.s then became tho centre and rallying points of the entire mass of Anglo-Gormi>n trocpj, assembled to oppose an enemy advancing against Brussels by tho road from Charleroi. It was calculated that tho British army could reach tho appointed post in twenty-two hours from the firing of tho first gun, and tho Prus^-ians in twenty-four hours So difficult, however, is it to ensure tho fulfilment of the best laid plans, that 30,000 men were absent from the Prussian army at the moment when they were most wanted. Marshal Blftcher had but 80,000 men in position when the French army were close upon him, Bliichei's impatience to commence the contest arose from his anxiety to fight by the side of the English. Convinced of the invin- cibility of an Anglo-Prussian army, he was desirous of overthrowing the French befcrrc the Russians— for whom he cherished a great antipathy, because in former campaigns they had thwarted his plana —could effect a junction with the English and himself. He had not long to wait for the oppgrtunity. On the 15th, Napoleon, intending to throw himself between the allied armies, to separate them and beat them in detail, moved from Beaumont at daybreak, and pushing through the deep and miry roads leading to the bridges over the Sambre, effected the passage of the river, and took Charleroi, in spite of tho gallaftt resistance of a comparatively small corps under General Zicthen. The Duke of Wellington received early intelligence on the morning of the 15th of the attack on the Prussian outposts. As yet, however, it was not certain what direction Napoleon intended subsequently to take, and it was consequently impossible for him to give orders for isin.] 'i' THK KRITISII AT UUU.SSELS. tho movcinont of troons fl.nf d 1 1 . ' "-' «''o"l.l bo k„o.n ' I ra r 1- '"'7 "'•"■^-"'■'' ""-vore.1, until n.-y I.OU.S aftenvunJ. elp' I, ' "'•" "'"'"""''« ""•'-• No^ ^ai-Ioon Lad divided hi. nny i .to v T "1' ''"'■"'"^'"- """ uJvuncod towards Ficurus Z i ''f "'• "'"^ ^^'"1" o-o portion o-asio„ after hi. return to iCi^ ^^ ; ^.'^''^'. ""^^' "" """- thau o,.o tl'o K.,li.h on the road to G Z '«, V'^ V"^ '""^^'""^ """-' «'^"""y : ho J,ad served th/re i„ hi. !' H ?'""' ^''>' '^""^^ "'" *-^ b, tho Kn.peror'« ord.'s to 1 o, '' , '""' ''''' "'- '- position against tho J.:„«li,|, ' ""'-"''■'' ''""«^''i' ""d hold tho As tho news reached JJrussels of tl,n „ n'o.t intense anxiety began to ,> o i l","' r" '.f ^''° I'^™"^''. the way with tiio Belgians durin.. . ♦ J •^""'"'' '""J '""-'o fireat j^'".Nng with th; ini .'riS^^r-'''^'"''''---^^^ ]int,sh churaotor had con.o to bo u,2 P T'" ''"''^' "^ ""^ 7' ^•'^' ^-'«t among tho reeun „ i : r ;'"^ -""-'' ""^ it was tk7 ..pent a great deal of n.onov „,!,"'"" ^''""'O'non, that Yet were there um>y ,vho T 1 1 ^' '' ^''"^'^^'''^ ^l-l-keepers. 'i''- fow ninths that^nul 01 d l:,f'^'''^' '^-""•^ '-• tbe FrLh. roused had not served to eon 1^ d ' ""'' 1 ''''""^'' ^'^^^ -'« ^--.t, years, and .f tho tow ' d' t^l' ""-' ^'"^ ^'•^'"'^"^'-^ '-• -"-nt of which we write, it L 1 J ,,'"" '''''' '"' "'" ^'•'''-' l^'^ve heen found to hoist the tricolor.// " T'^ ^^"-^-"'-^ ^^ould o-.«c cockade of the restored ^Zc '"'"'''' "^ '" ^^•-"- tl^O I"o,u the moment that the Luke of W ir . qua'ters at Brussels, the town W K ''' "'^'^" ^^^^ ^'''^ ''cad t-rucy of England a^dXor.nU,'" "" ''"'"•' '^^" "-' "n- ti-l>akoand Duchess of Kie l^r"T"\ ^'"'^"^ ''- ^--' were -on.ngof the i.,h had been t "ZTT ''■ " '='" ''"• ^'- ;un.bcr of tho officers of the Ji.i.l 7 '"'' '" ^^^''^■'' '^ g'-«"t ^•--1«. i.ad becu inolud d I ", ^ ;"-;\;i'^-''--'-J '" and atut "'"vement of the troops, and the ",7^; -^^ "^' ^''" '"""-''"'0 ."Lahuan, suggested a ^ospo 1. 'T V"''''"'''^'' """ "^^ "'« --ops to reach ..-.4:--^^^^^^ "%. LIFE OF TUn DUKE OP WELLINOTOK. [1116. 10 them into the field «omcwhat fatigued by their m.irch than to crcato a runic by a Budd.-u smmuonH to arms. His coolness and self- pos^oHHion contributed to give one more evening's enjoyment to nniny a fond and fluttering heart, but the hurry of departure which follow..! upon the fete exposed the Duko for many years afterwards to the imputation of having been ^urprM by the Frenoh-an in.putut.on which even Knglishmen arc disinclined to renounce lest the torco which some of the grandest lines ever penned by Lord Hyron derived from their supposed truth, should be destroyed.' The Muse of History, dispelling the injurious fiction in which the sister muse de- lights, has at length vindicated the reputation of the Duko. It is now admitted that from first to last ho was fully prepared, and leisurely gave his orders.' The Duke of Wellington entered the Duchess's ball-room shortly after eleven o'clock, and remained for a few moments. At one o'clock in the morning of the IGth the ball broke up, but for some hours pre- viously the drums had been beating in the streets, and before mid- night of the 15th the bugles and bagpipes had sounded the '• Camer- ons' gathering,'' and the " War-note of Lochiel." Now came the excitement and the agony which had hitherto been restrained. It was not the agony of fear but of sorrow, lest the partings then taking place should be eternal. Assured by the calm bearing of the Field Marshal and his officers, and the bhthesomcness of the men, the people of Bru.ssels, freshly remembering the exploits of the Peninsular army, did not so much apprehend that the French would approach Brussels as that the effort to drive them back across the frontier would cost hundreds of tho bravo fellows they then looked upon their lives or limbs. Tears wore freely shed, lamenta- tions and choking sighs mournfully accompanied tho warlike sounds which announced the march of regiment after regiment from the Place Royale. The Highlanders (the 4-2nd and 92nd) were much regretted, for tho " douce" manners of tho Scotch had endeared them to the inhabitants. But, in truth, each regiment carried away its share of hearts. . , , i The .-.th Division, commanded by Sir Thomas Picton, consisted ot tho 28tli, 32nd, 70th, 95th, 92nd, 44th, 42nd, and a battalion of tho Royals. The four first regiments formed a brigade under Sir James 1 " ThiTC was n souiul of ruvolry by nislit," tc. ...,..„ > " 1 did not l.car of tl,o«.' cvc.l* till In ll.o evening, and I Imn.edlatdy ordered the troops to p„,arr. ,0 murcl. ; and »/,.„r.n/, to march .o their left a, »»»n as I Hoi '"'''';^:''" ^"; *" quarter, .opr«. that the eno.uy's movemoat upon Chorloroi wa5 .be real attack."-7^«i.a«* ./ the I'Mh of Jane. 1816.] BATTLE OP LICINY. 11 «'""o hours afterward! aw^^i ^ "' ""■"'• ^'''° ^"''" '■"■'"woil rorn.it-it'!, tn. ;;.r'o~h' ",f '' ":''" "'"^''^ -"J-^ ^ouJJ I''le"ru.s. E.„,.,,i„., J „^".'"° "'•"^' ^"r»'«^o„ pushed on to t'-e i^H, ho fou.:;j th 7u ir;t:d "';' ''^" ^'-^^ ■'-"' "-" °f clova.ed grou,.,, called the" ts ,; ",'; "",'" "'"'"'''"■"« "-' Vilhigo of S„.nbrc.ff, their rSonw'''' "''"A''' •■"'''''« "'' *'- The rivulet or Lig„; ran „Io.r 1.0 Lt3'';''-" ■"•"" "' ^^^^'• three mile.., ,h„J „ ' j,, . °, '"° ""' "' "'«"• I'OH.tion for about Thero were 70,OoJ i f tr v j ToOO " ," '"''' '^""" ''"■"•^'^■^' nr.illery_a force about e uTl . > ''' ''^■' "'"' -''"' P''^^^^ "»" J'..-d Mar.aal IJluehor on the oi« It 'f tl "^ ^^^•'""^'°" *"'n.„g if tho operations meditated bJ'r '" ^"''''°'" "^ "•'*''°'- li'-ewero th, ir main ntJr,.^.^' '""''' "''"» "'" l'''"-^«ian r'-i"thopro,.eedrd t io. ,;/' ■'"'' '"'"'^"^ ''"'"'''f "'-' "'- "'•^i>l-T fnnn the riHin«rou^^rr ?","""' "'''* ^ '^'''^"''■^^ "^ ^vhieh n.oved forward n X , " '"" '"''"""•^ '^'"^ ^'-'"''•y. 1. . •"iiiu 111 tiio usual W1V Tl.„ 71 . •" 1-q'liod to the fire. Tho valW, „ ii , -*'"' I''"'^'^'"" artillery «eone of a fierco and h on , '"''"'"'« """"Hliatcly became tho i^ineher-.a:i::::,;r^,;s j"-7^'^^^ ^^ '"° '""^-p'^ -nrnded u,,on him in 1 ca al y t ^ ,'" ? '"'"-^ '""'"^ '"-'""/ t'Toughout the day; but Xn t n "'"'''"'' ^'^'"'"^ ""'^'y ;;;';i^-hing f^.f .mperri^^'^r:,!^;:;^ Marsha, reeeivej -^i-d up,„ OemC L; I t ; 'ri. ""%"f ^'^'-'^ ^'"-^ --^^ ^-n- ^^'•cnch. Twelve thousa >d ^ fell '' ""1''''^ "' """"'"' ^>' ^''^ -•'••'i-1 ".asters of a fie d X if offTur " "'°' "'' ''' ^--'' "-•'.V di. „„„tled guns j! Tl '" "° """''• ^'■"f'''''--« "'"» -- of -ho term, a d X.X.f^7 T^ '''"''''' '" *'- -^^-^ people of Paris as the prec fr " f Ji " f '"' '" ^"""^ '^ *'^ "- restore the, .■«,.„, „f ,1 ^i;;;:" '' °""^'- -''"^ve.neu.s which were to Coevally with the operations of xXapoIoon b.t.^en vi- , / • . 18 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1815 Ligny, Ncy was "clinnfifing liardinient" with tliu Belgian brigade under tlie Priiii-o of "Wt'iinitr. On tlio evening of tlio l^ili, hdI nioro ilian 1500 Belgians occupied tlie apiiroaelies to Qiiatre Bras ac Frasno, but in the niglit a coiisiderablc body had moved through the forest of Nivclles, and, when day broljc on tlie 16th, the French nuirshal found liiuiself engaged with 8000 men— under tiie Prince of Orange and General Perponcher. The Prince of Weimar at first lost ground before the imi)ctuous attacks of the French columns: rein- forced, he regained his position, and thus commanded the communica- tions leading from Nivclles and Brussels with Marshal Blucher. Tho battle raged till noou, when, pressed by the superior numbers and MARSHAL NEV. resistless energy of tho enemy, tho Prince of Orange also fell back to Quatro Bras, defending the woods around with determined lS\a.] li.Vnu: 01,- QUATRK BRAS. 19 obstinacy. A pause csucs-M.n T? , , * ^^ roHu,no ihe attack at l.alf-,nst tuoT !, "■'" '•°'"f°'-eomont.s, and confiJeneo of clearing the .M p " ' ° •'•^^-•"oon, with the full po.illed-tI,o, begin t^ giv nv vfc n" ' ,'''" '''''^'''^ -^ "- of ;i- <,aWng No,, who L^t;::^: l''''l'''\^^^^^^ ^ho grasp J'-^ton's division, toil-worn bnt • f , ^'"" ^•>' «"«ess, when f;H «uc,.,on,, co.e.s t!! t, tr'"'^^; ^^ *"^ --o''' of tho'battlo- - -od of Bos,s„, tbe roads to I i.„ Jj'^ ''! '^^'fy "^ 'i^'-tning, t'-c lJr,t,,sh and foreign infantry and W 1 , ''"'^'"'■' occupied by ;'"ff. takes post on a\ank on he w' .';',"« ''r''''"'"''" "P -th hil I^-- An atte„,pt is n.ade to ° h b. " f "n'"''*'^ °'='*'' ^^"'^tro "~t they retire, b-.t, strl tl T , ^^. ^'■'••'"''- ^"r the numerous pieces of artillerv t ^ ^"^''''^ "^ ''''^''■•''•y and -r-os, .he British inf! ^'^.'^rT ,!''" '^""''"^- ^-'^ cuirnssiers and dragoons. Ti, S ^ '° '"^"f'"""' '''^■^-"'fB of" I'eaded by their gaih;nt Duke th e "; ""^'''■^' ""^ -'- "P, -J for an instant chock the " "u" 1 ''' ''''''' ^^"--V At thi« tin.e (tinee o'clod ^ D 1 :^ ''' ''''''"''^ -vulry t^'atpartofthefieldofbat eiv ilu 7^ ^^""''"^'"^" "'^^---1 i" f7 naith.gwith his a : : rtT'v'r';"''^""^^^''''*- '••"icrs, exposed to a i,eavv fire of /, '' "^ '^'' ''-"^ ^Jigt- ^'- -tch,and appeared ,:,r'f '"'""' S'''''^'"'^- ^0"^ out f'^val.y nught be expected ] ; , " T'"'"^ ^^''"■^ *'- ^^Htish J"oked from one part of the fieM f ! ?'"'~'°'^'~'"'^'"'"s«"t- «;---- but not alLned. H k t tl"!^ -'"i • "^' "^^ -'^-% P'-gl-ing up the earth arou d Zl '' '"''""•^' '^^^^ «'-* -do, the Duke sought shelter " iT ho "" '"""'"'»" '""^ '^^ ^'« and surrounded the squares-andfiV r"''"- ''"''' "'"°'^«'''=^ o» to retire. The infantry beean i".? • " "f"" ""^^ ^'-'''^ forced the cavalry, as the 5th id 77 ih' ^ ' ' T':' ^^"''^ ^'^^"^ ^I-arged ton would not hear of it. lie i thenr\ f ''^'""' ^"^ ^^olling- ^■cJoubts, hurl stent horsemen ft. "d",' ""' '™'" *''^"- ^'^4 earned a tribute of praise from ] : :'f '^^ ,^^^;o3' obeyed, and nclnnrat.on but when the valour disn "JT "1- V'" ^"'""'''S^ "f character. Kempt's brigade suffJ^ ^^ , °* ''"^ "'ost brilliant and 44th were seJt to tl^ir su^J^ ^Xrlr''; ''°^'^'^' ^''° ^^"^ tl.c centre were warn.ly engaged T\J ° ''""'■' ^'^^ ^^ops ij -^ -ice attempted to ca-^lt B^l^s^'^^:^* ^y.av/,ro, "^"med ancr the b:m,o of J """ ""*'"""-'' "^■'^"^'o" 'he cap Tw! > ^ "'"' "'" 20 LIFE OF THE DUKR OP WELLINGTON. [1816, attempt, the Brunswick cavalry reserved their cliavgo amidst a terrible fire of grape, and their intrepid chief, rushing into the thickest of the fight, met the fate of his gallant sire. The infantry now re- ceived permission to charge, and, deploying into line, frequently dashed at the French columns, committing the greatest havoc in their onslaught, and then re-forming square. The 79th signalised them- selves on this occasion by the most heroic bravery. The 92nd and 42nd, the 32nd, 33rd, and 44th performed prodigies— the " Slashers" (28th) resisted every cavalry charge — the Royal Scots also charged under the personal direction of Sir Thomas Picton. Colonel Douglas of the 79th was four times grounded. Colonel Macra, and many other officers of the immortal 42nd, fell. At seven in the evening, the Frencli poured like a torrent upon the British, covered by a blinding fire of artillery. " Ninety-second ! you must charge those fellows !" energetically exclaimed the Duke. The order was obeyed. Colonel Cameron and three other officers were struck down ipiortally wounded. The Highlanders, infuriated, pressed the enemy, and his vast columns fled before the daring band. «i- Evening was closing in. Tlie battle raged in the centre and on the right. Never was an action so severely disputed with such unequal means. Infontry against the three arms of the first service in the world ! But the steady endurance of the noble Fifth Division was to reap its reward. The Guards, long and anxiously expected, appeared upon the field, led by General Peregrine Maitland, Imitating the conduct of the line, they flew into the wood, of which the French had obtained possession, and clearing it of the tirailkurs, emerged upon the plain, encountering and overthrowing the French cavalry, who now cauio upon them. For three hours did the enemy endeavour to regain possession of the post. Every repeated effort was repulsed witli renewed vigour, a corps of Black Brunswickers supporting the Guards with the utmost spirit. Night fell. The French were in confusion and despair. Ney, be- coming desperate, sent for a corps he had left in reserve ; Napoleon had withdrawn it to aid himself in contending with the Prussians. The Marshal, intensely mortified, called up another reserve, to cover his broken and dispirited battalions, and then retired, discomfited, to Frasue. Quatre Bras was won by tho British, the Hanoverians, and Brunswickers, after ten hours' incessant fighting. The carnage at Quatre Bras was terrible. Tho English lost 2251 men and officers killed, wounded, and missing. Adding tho loss among the Belgians and Hanoverians, the casualties of the day did uot amount to fewer than 5000. The Highlanders were nearly •it BATTLE OF QUATllE BRAS. 1816.J "" ViUAUCJS BRAS. „, ucciniated. At ten o' I Tr in a garden in front of Z viLgf ^d " fe^' °', •'?'"'' ^"""^ P°«* endeavoured to collect the nJt \ . "'"^ '"" '^'•°"° in order " and loud blew CanZol uTlmt "7"^-°''''^ ''''«'"-'• "^^ - "'0 hoarse „,ur„.urs of Lis to r^' f '"'^ ""'^ -"'^^■« -I.oed 00" d not produce above one-tlf oTt.oTe 7"""/'- ''' "''"""*'' ^^-'^ on their march to the field of S ' " ^'' '""^'° ^''^ ^'"^•^'•ed 22 LIFE OF THE DUKK OF WELLINQTO^f. [1815. 1SI5. CHAPTER III. Tho Retreat from Qiintre Dras— The Battle of Waterloo. HE morning of tlio 1 6tli of Juno." writes tlie eloquent writer of "Tlie Fall of Napoleon,"* '-had seen 310,000 men, all in the pride of hope and strength, ad- vancing from diflfereiit points - towards the plains of Fleunis. I .Peace still rested on the fruit- ful fields and noble woods that skirt the fertile banks of the Sambre and the D_yle. Leave?, grass, and corn, refreshed and sparkling with the million dew- drops of early summer, pre- sented from the heights of Bry a sight of beauty and repose, to which the scenes of the following morning offered a melancholy, but too piquant contrast. The sun of tlio 17th of June rose on trampled harvests, scorched forests, and on tho smoky ruins of cottages and hamlets ; it rose on heaps of broken arms, dismounted guns, over- turned carriages, — on lines of cheerless bivouacs, — on dead and dying steeds, — on trains of wounded, — and on the r.-'.ked, mangled, and un- buried corses of ten thousand valiant men, who had fallen in the fierce and fruitless strife at Ligny and Quatrc Bras. The Duke of Wellington passed the night upon the field. Some of the 92nd made a fire for him ; for tho fatigues and anxiety of the 1 Lleutonont-Colonel Mitchell, author also of "Tlio Life of Wallenstoiii," "ThoughU on Tactics," &.C. An able and liigonloiis writer ; addicted, however, to a theory that the bayonet \t an IneflScieut weapon when opposed to tho broadsword. .prcvi great Thee of th, Ncy a Bui Wavr. would againsi own ar The project) order i were th tion the •of Oran Braine 1 distribut towards ' The r Waterloo a perfect the face i niask the defile ia h of the sev( manner in which has ] The retr cavalry und wanded by Somerset. and 2nd Lif King's J)ra ^'ejs, or 2n *''e 1st, 7th, nients of Ge horse-artiller No sooner full retreat, p of teavy dra^ i815.j I^HTilEAT FROM QITATRE BTtAS. pronoas day J,«d „„_ 23 -iJut soon the pvW *;,j: ^W Ti.e ^l;:^^Zr^^ "'''f- ^'^'^ ^«"o„ U., upo„ Tlie result of the battle of T ^"'"■' ^'•'^«" projected attack upon Nev at pt^"^ T'^"'"^ '' "°<'«^«ary that th« ^rder was given L nllCjT'' t°"''^ '"^ -bondone/ 1'^* i! wore three roads, o:- cka;^ZlX^f' ^ '' ^^-'-^-- Th t.on the Duke had „,ade up hi "fj, ^ f -°' P"'« of the pot -f Orange proceeded to Halle, wUh 18 000 "^ r ^""""^ ^-<^'riok Braine la Leude ; a„d the Pri^e! of f. ' '° ' ^"''^ ^^i» 'novod to distribution was nccessarv ZT , ""°° *" ''^°"«t St. Jean T,n-^ --^«Oenappes,co:rdreSroM^^ ^^^ ^^ KosoLt The retreat of the Duke of wl . '"^'^^ *° Brussels. J^:*f-^-alwa3. been con L^^^^^ Q-tre Bras to « perfect model of operations of th!f ' f °°'"P'^'°"t '"iHt.ry judges t''efaoe of a powerful en mV fle ^ 1°' "''°"*^'^' "« ^^ wLf a «-sk the retirement of theS„ fodv 1 '" °'^'''' *° ^"-» " Jfie,,bis rear; and to ensueht'ordn ?'""]'" ^'""^^ "^ ^^^^ of the several corps on the ground rel i^ """^ '■'°"^^'- »««o»blv manner in which this was IT '^T°^'^'^y ''"°"cd to them Tbl -l^^;;. has never been sJr^L^d:^^^^^^ ''^--^ ^ ^egrel^'of sSl <=avalr7unrr tt e!h oflKht"'°°' '^"^ ''"^^^od b. the Brif K -nded byaener^H: 3^^^£;'-7-l brigade's b^g '» and 2nd Life Guards a„d the RotTw ^i' °''''^'°" ^^re the 1st K-ng's Dragoon Guards, the Is/ orT ""r? ^^' "'=)'• ^''^ ^^t or Gre,s or 2nd North Britii Drag n tt'S ?"°"°°"^' ^''^ Scots' ««= 1st, 7th, 10th, 15th, and 18th r' ^''^ ^°"'«k'"en Dragoons J^ents of German cava ry iltelT"'' ""' ''^^^^ ^ ^""r^rS horse-artillery. ^ ^^^«« w<^ro supported by a battery^ --_PU..w,„,,,^^^^^^^^^^_rce, By, he 24 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLISOTOX [isr& il ; advice of Lord Uxbridge, vsho deemed it impossible to offoc any serious resistance to the SHpcrinr force of tlio Frencli, Lord Wellington had assented to the retreat of the cavalry. But the pressing of the Cuii'as.siers reiuleied it indispensable that Lord Uxbridge should show them a bold front. A great deal of skirmish. ing, and several charges and counter-charges distinguished the pursuit. Ou reaching the village of Genappes— harassed by the vigorous and repeated attacks of the French— Lord Uxbridge resolved on making a stand ; for the narrowness of the road, flanked on one side by houses, would necessarily dimini.sh the front of tbe enemy. He therefore posted the 7th IIussar.s at the upper end of the village; and when the Trench Lancers entered, and got jammed together in the limited space open to their advance, the Hussars gallantly charged them. The Lancers halted, formed a chetmcz de frisc with their lances, and repelled the as.^ault. The Hussars retreating, the French, elated at their success, furiously galloped after them, only to bo overthrown in their turn by the Litb Guards. The counter-charge of the latter has been described as " truly spcndid : its riTpid rush down into the enemy's mass was as terriQc in appearance as it was destructive i« its effect ; for although the Frcach met the attack with firmness, they were utterly unable to hold their ground a single moment." The road was instantaneously covered with men and horses scattered in all directions. " This brilliant and eminently successful charge," adds Sibornc, " made a deep impression upon the enemy, who now conducted his pursuit with estremc caution." No serious affair succeeded this; the fine manoeuvering of the brigade under Sir William Ponsonby, and the activity of the skirmishers, supported by the active fire of the artillery and rocket brigade, kept the enemy at a distance until the fall of night, when the British army bad taken up its position in front of the village of Waterloo. The IGtb and 17th of June had been excessively hot. The march upon the fii-st of these days from Bru.ssels-a distance of twenty niil«s— followed by one of tiie severest actions on record, had sorely tried the strength and patience of the Sv.ldiers, and the retreat upon the following day bad augmented the t ix upon their powers. Towards the evening of the 17th, however, a violent thunderstorm mitigated the sultriness, but, flooding the earth, converted the roads into mire. Gratefully, then, the troops hailed the hour which found them en bivouac in the corn-fields around Mont St. Jean and near Waterloo ; albeit they were not destined to enjoy uninterrupted aud refreshii:g repose ; for the rain fell in torrents during the night, and frequent ■ thunder-claps startled them from their slumber. 1816,J 'n.n,cvi;orMVATJoa,oo." tl'o co„.„..„e.,.,ent ^!mL^' , :^.^7'^" ^'^ ^^-^J'"' 1^1 -I.o,-, upon -eoivoK..MoA.onUl.oF.. rC';'"?'^' ^'-J ''" -'-.led to "•^■^'•■■ecl tl,o Duke felt confic!^ Vt f W""^'"^' ''"'"'•'■■ ^''"'^ approaches to BnusscLs n^al t ' L r "^'''^^' *" ^'^'^'-"^ *''« el.o.islu,a a conviction t£ ,,";", ^^1 ; ^'-^ -^ P-bably upon the frontier of Franco "l'""''tc!y drive Xapolcoa buck J!::rnr-,::;:;::.:;;;:,-;:-/''^^ fallen heavily durii.Mho .li-^h 3' r ^^ ' f '^""°- '"^'''^ ••'''" I'^d it was ,vith cliflicultj. th : CO M " f, °^" I'" '"* -^^'^'"^ ---> " Like sacrifices," tl ey ""^ ""-■"" ^'™"«« fi^es a-Iight " i'alii.Mlly n.Kl (,|,ly ni,„i„,,((,a ir gesluro siid r,.„,„„,„ , ,, ■ rtnr-woni cnata, iic.-eiilc(lilipmiinlolIiogii2l„g, r mom fro iiuiiiy Iion-id gliosis.-' previously. The E„.,i.,. ,, /' I fo.'f' """? 'T '"'"^''•^'^ ^•-- by the leader of the e„en>v- LL °" 'l''~'"='^ '" «''"*''">Pt cI"efcnjoyedthesan,e ] L p ^^^ ''"• ^---y b«d-aml the British Gloom did not lone pervade tho ii,.-r i dru.n, and the bu.le'sonnd J a! eS ^S " !"" *^""'P°^' *''° ca.npwasiamotion.soldlerse!e i,, tt"^""'""'' ^^°°" *''« «''o'e and horses, nides-de-camp « lU ^ '^•"- their swords tl-e great Duke l-.self an-a^T T ^Jl'^T-".-" ''^'^'''"' ""'^ tions to be assuna-d by the ditfcr^nt' bri.:?;; " "''"'''"^ *'" P°«'- The field which was to bo tl>e scene of tl.nf strife extended about two n.ilos f^ ^ef TjZ'^r '"'""'"'^ the position was three nnarters of 1, •, , ^'"^ ''""^''^ "^ of Waterloo, and three',.;: a ya d " ■: T; 1 V't ^■'"''=^° houseofxMont St. Jem both of ! -i "* "'^ *'^° farm- ml 20 l.U'l:; OK TlUC DUICK OK WELLIKOTON. [18l,i. post upon lieWits of simib'. aUituac, bctwoeii 1000 iiiid 1, "00 yards from tlio l>ritis!i front. To the ri-Iit of tlo Duke's po..itioii, in a viilley of no grciit cloptli, was mi (.M country-houso ami orcluird, callud Gomnont, >n- Ilougouniont (soinotinics written llonp;nniont), mid ujion tlio hi,-'i roiid, to tlio nortli-cast of Iloupronniont, stood a farni-liouHo and gardeiiji, called La Ilayc Sainte. Tlicso two places wiu'o iinuiediat. !y oceiipiod by troops, who lost no time in renderiiifr tliem availiiblo as posts of defence, by raisin-^ barrieades, niiiking loop-liolcs in t'l' walls, taking post behind the liedges, &c.; for nltliongh they wei.^ MONT ST. JEAN. neither of them sufficiently forniidablo to offer a very stubborn resist- ance to artillery, they were decidedly valuable as cover for infantry, and, indeed, constituted the key to the Briti.sli position, flougou- mont was occupied by a battalion of Brunswick troops, and the ligiit conipanies of tiie Guards, under Coboiel Macdonnell of Glengarry La Haye Sainte was held by tho light battaliuii of tlia King's German Legion. Bcl-iiid t'.ie pnsition, tn t!io ri;r!it and li'ft of the road to 1S15.J TliKMOOlXa OF '.WATERLOO." 21 Brussels, u-ax tlic fon-xf ,,r v • ■ , , . ^"-Ml.i.s forest not oni; Cd :i:t" "T'''- '"' "'- -i verge of the wood, if the win,, si l!,m ^ , ''"""' '^"■'"''^" "'""g tJio «"-'r.ty for a retreat. To the L '??, °f ^ ve ,^ ^ho be,t possible «^-;-Ive nules, concealed 'J: „^.':^^ ''"^"^^ '^ ^>'-^'""ee «'"1 from this place the Prusils I.r if ^"'■'""'^'' "^'^ ^^'"^■'•'^ ^'-«;Mo unite then.seIvn;hW::S!;Sr^ o...ltatio„ that the; were will.i. °„f ;,:"'-'™'- '? ^-'i.'.s of occupied their position, either beeiuso tl.o ^ ^i'"^'"'« '>'=it they ^'-0 P'-o vented their ^ontinut rert'^t ''''] "--^■^ ^HKUvare of the proximity of the kit *^^'■"■^•^^"'•^. "r wero '^-" '"-s power to rush ^ZTir'^'"' '"'* ''^ '-''-^'^ '^ ' ground can ti.e n.anner in wic,.ew. f /!•"""'' '"" "^"' "° °"'"- -J noon i.c explained. I e ^ . ft, P "" • ''''''''' '^'^''^^^ *'^^<'"^the British, and that if I, ' ^'•"^•^''•'"^ «'ore hurryin;^ !^'^- hi. wouldbeeon! "„ e /:';r'"VT'' c^-ted, the Lk J'cture has been lia.arded h.l • P«'''''iP«-a.id this con- -■•tMaturatedwirthetaL:;r^^^^^^ ^^'^""^ -''' tho ' --';"odson.e portion of its cons^ L ^ aTdTyf-' ^'""''' ''■'''' cavalry to act with greater effect ^ j 'f.' .""'* f"''^'^''^ '"« «rtillery and ii-o to marshalling his troops L ' '' '' "^"^' ^° '^'^^^'^''^'i «°"«3 " Hatllo's mngninccnlly stern array,-. -oded the stimulus of dispTy ^ j'^/"" fj' , ^'^ ^'-- soldier 4i":?-:::^L:rstx\.s ti. -J««his six battalions of Ett ! J T''"" '' "'^"="">»°''*. •'■•'•o...e, advanced toward, t he St n '"."'""'"''^ °^ ^''•'■"«° ^-^•kors met them with a vo 1 f '', '' ^"^'"'^^ *'^"'J ^^''-S' '"••^volleyof musketry, which was seconded 88 LIFK OF TIIL; UUKH OF WKLLINOTON. 1815.] and Hustaineil by tlio fire of a British battery oti its ri^lit. In a few luiimtcs tho battle bccaiiiu ;teiii;ral, for tliu iliscburgo of muskofry imJ artillery aiiginciitcd like tliiokeniiig poala of thuudor, and soon extend- ed to till! furthest extremity of tho lines. Within tho limits of this biograiihy it were impos.siblo to uttnmpt to render justieo to tho details of a conflict which, without needless expansion, has formed the material of ample volume.,. Slborno and Alison, and Milohell, Gleig, and Scott, and a hundred writers beside, have rendered the '• current of tlio deadly fight" familiar to Engli.sh- meu as household words. luniuucrablo valoroua deeds, and tactical CHATE.\U OF nouaouMOKT. operations of a high and ingenious class, distinguished tho Briti.sh. Tho battle was at first purely defensive on the part of tho Duke of Wellinftton. Tho French attacked vigorously and in great force. At Hougoumont and La Haye Sainto the conflict was terrible Several times did the enemy obtain possession of tho orchard and gardens of Hougoumont, but they never penetrated the enclosure. Tho 1*1 rsxs.j AITACIC OiV IIOUQOUIIOXT. 29 "-• -^ feu., for IIou,.nnno„ - „,-'^;"- ;j'""- «-„ jeic. J!e •0 LIFK Of THK DUKE OK WELLIKTOTO:?. ri8T» troops — young nuJ inuxporionccd — ffxvo wuy in confusion, ftftur a brief dofcnco of La Ilayo Haiiito. Tho Rifles nlsD gave grouuil, boldly turning iit ovory oitportunity to deliver tlieir effcotiro &ro upon tlie front of tlio daring foe. From La Ilayo Hainte, tli(* cohumi.-f of tlio enemy a:-ccudod iho fXti'iior alopo of tho ullicd position, covered by tho fire of tho Freni;h artillery, posted on tho ridge.s ubovo them. Uut here they were destined to experience a clieck, for Ploton, with tho remnant of tlio brigades which had fonght so valiantly at Quatro Bras, seized tho favourable opportunity of a halt and deployment by tho French to pour into them a destructive volley, and then to charge with tho ppirit and gallantry common only to JJi tish troopa. Tho struggle which ensued was frightful, and though the Lritish infantry triumphed in the collis,ion, their glory and delight were dimmed by tho death of tho bravo Picton, who was struck by a muaketball in the right temple." About tho sumo time that tho infantry brigade repelled tho masses of French foot, tlio Union Brigade of cavalry, consisting of tho Euniskillcn Dragoons, tho Royal Dragoons, and Scots Greys, laado tferriblo havoc among the French Cuirassiers. Tho Earl of Uxbridgo renewed in this contest the proofs of judgment and intrepidity which had made his cuiumand of tho rear-guard, on tho way from Quatro Bras, so efficient. The Highland regiments, thinned by tho previous fight, again displayed tho national valour, and tho shouts of ' Scotland for ever !" which rang across the field, announced that, in oonjunctioa with the Scots Greys, they were driving tho French cavalry like chaff before the win In this desperate encounter, a sojeant of tho Greys captured the eaglo of the French " Invinciblcs,' as the 45™* Regiment was called. Tho Union Brigade charged recklessly into the French lines, until fresh bodies of the eneujy's cavalry— chiefly 1 The dOBUi of Sir Tliomns Picton was a subject of deep regret to lh» British army, and to tho nitlon at largo. He was tho bravest of tho brave. Ever fororaost In the fTay, the division which ho commanded In tho PcninsuUi was called empliatlcally the "Fighting division." So devoted wns he to his profossli ii-so regardless of all personal consldcrolions, In his caRcr anxiety to do his duty in the flcld-that although sovercly wounded In the hip nt QuBire liras, ho conceulcd the circumslanco from all about lilm, lest ho should have been orderiHl from tho Held. It has oflen been said that the Duko of Wellington was jr-lout of Picton. This was an absurd Imputation. Their relative poaiiicrtis put Jwilousy, or even rivalry and emulation, out of tho question. It is possible that the Duke did not like Pictou, and found it diffleuU to ensure ready obedience from tho stern old soldier. Napier has shown Uiat 111 hi:- intcrconrse with (Jencral Craufurd, Picton wus most luiaccororaodatinr. lie was enterprlsiiiu .uid intrepid, but harsh and rigid In command, and not remarkable for skill In handling Imviw mijer flro. "In ficl," adds Iho liislorian of llio war in llio ItMi insula, "to compare hiio (or CniufUrd) with Wellington, wait to display ignorance of It.o meti, and of th» art Ihey professod."— They conkl ne^er comprehend the pn^'ound military and poUtlcal con» blnatlouB of tho subject of this biography. 18.] FilEXCH CAVALRV ATTACKS. 81 '-rusts of tl,o La„eor«. Ti.o 1 ". 'r ' ^"'"'"' *''*' ^^^"^'y /-'ardod as one of tho grandest ac', cT; i, .d . ' ",'"" ^"'^"^ '•- 'I'-nmii of flio dny, "''"'' J's'"'SUi.sI,cd tlio mighty C'u.rns.,ior, l.ad a.lvnnccd to at'.^ tl.o 3 ?', ""P'"'"' ^''° ^-'-J' 1 ">", but they n.ovcd bravely o^ o t ,o 7 ''"^^^''''''''-'J «<"-o,s. tl.o I'O Life Guards and «lue.s, ,L r J or J F "'° f ."'° ''"^^'''""- ^^'-"-o J;'W" the onunence, and, ate a «lrn .7^ f ''"""'' ''-''''^'•'^d tho fiehl. ' " '*'""^P co'-'bat, forced them to quit Thi« ] ""J' "'"usands, of -fi"^'ry, the coneon.rnt 1 d f''*^ °f "^ ^''"'•^'^''' ""^ well-pointed '-••p-lHHm^,gof the il tTf oj '.msketry, and tho clili^ont -•">-• a brief interval of ui r " '"""'• ""^ '* ''"■' :--'0- of all branches w.; 2 J /'"'''"'" '^"" °^ *^^--'h 't was evident from their f ,? ''"''^ *''° »"«°k; and "•<•'■'-• i" line,wi,h artillery an/. T "^•''''' '^''" "'^'^""•7 '7'Po.sod tho daring anJ impetuous I r'' '}'' "''^''^ °'^""°"'''J° >'t' France-but stHl they ^ '!] "'° P''"""^ '^'"^'"''^ 1-°- As they pushed at .: ^ .^ tT,;''!'' ^''« l"-' at a steady' '-juares,>.and the artillerymen aban.f ."'\tr' *''° '"f^-'try formed '"Ok refugo within these u m i, ab ' ' '.'° """,'• «-"* f'"" '''o '"on.ent, -uld foreo the horses of th Cui 1 1 '' • '"^""^'^ ^^''^ P^-^-o" '^••'•^tliug from the s.^..^^n:^'ZrT''V''''^^ "Pcned out and edge 1 away from ""n^ °" '^^"' ''' ^'"'^'^ •'^P-cc- i" the squares fired^upo t^. "< ",f -^""^'^ "•'"■^''' ^'- third ranks ^"•' I" tins manner thoy flew from ono ' Tho »r,imro consls::* of four r„o, r "-eJ- AM .-..open,. „:,„„„, UaroZ^^r "'"""'''•'"' '^-"-"'^/'■- .1,,. 2' "ory direc.,.„„. ""'^""'«'' '"" square I. enable, lnf„„,ry ,„ Uercnd iLuZ 82 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. L1816. square to another, receiving the fire of different squares as they passed. They flew more frequently at a trot, Uowever, than at a gallop, from one side of the square to another, receiving the fire from every face of the square. Some halted, shouted, and flourished their sabres ; individuals and small parties here and there rode close up to the ranks. It is said that, on some points, they actually cut at the bayonets with their swords, and fired their pistols at the officers. But nowhere was there one gallant effort made to break a square by the strength and influence of the steeds on which these ignorant tud inca- pable horsemen were mounted." ' As the cavalry, baflled in their attacks, retired, the infantry opened out and saluted their departure with volleys which rattled against the metal shells in which the Cuirassiers were encased, often prostrating man and horse or emptying many a saddle. But still the cavalry came on again and again— to be driven back in the same way, harassed as they retired by the British Hussars. And so the day wore on— and, as it waned, the anxiety of the com- manders of the respective armies increased. Repeatedly did Napo- leon turn to Marshal Soult and ask why the English did not give way, "evidently beaten as they were," and as often as he put the ques- tion so often did Soult, taught by bitter cspericuco, assure him that they pcvn- gave way, but preferred being cut to pieces. More than once on the other side did the generals commundiiig brigades send to the Duke of Wellington to announce that the ranks were rapidly thinning— the men exhausted— the prospect of ultimate defeat iiy creasing. " Will the meu stand?" asked the immovable chief " Unti; they die, your Grace," was the instant reply. " Then I will die will) them," was the rejoinder. " Lead us to the eliargo !" cried the im patient soldiery wearied with the defensive imictiun of twelve long hours. " Not yet— not yet— my men," was the invariable answor. Anxiously, feverishly, impatiently. Napoleon looked over the volume of smoke whicli hizily rested upon the riglit of his army ;. lie hud ordered Marshal Grouchy to join him with a strong corps, and lie momentarily expected him— such an accession would iix the fortune of the day— at least so thought tlie sanguine Emperor. With no ic.-.-i an.viety— but with better concealed emotion— the Duke c;ist ins telescope in the same direction, for ho knew tliat Bliicher was hasicii- ing from Wavre. Tlie roads must have been a perfect quiigmire, iir the energetic marshal, wlioso motto was " Forward !" could not have consumed an entire day in marching twelve miles. " Would to God that night or Bliicher wero come !" was the expression wliioii 1 .MJlclicll's " i'nli of KaiKilcoii '• [1816. -t-'' ^rt^ IK Y' ..jtWt, ¥c I \ • ♦ rA ■£> ^n, # t; >i ■ wjliia "J"4w" -s^"*-*'^ »•. ^I> TM| KVKNINO OF THE BATTI.B OP WaTRRLOO— NAPOLKON AND BTAFP.- — ADVANC K T1,R or W*TFRI,00.-NAPOLKON AND STAFF— ADVANCE OK THE HiPBHUL GUAHD. % »«e.] THE FINAL CHARGE AT WATERLOO. St escaped tho Hps of the over-^vrought but invincible British chief Ha At length, while infantry and cavalry debated the issue-whil-, roar d over the plains and height, and Jrborld l L tS tdr G :;!;";; ,""'^i 't ^'^^^^ '^^^ ^'-^ P-ssians approach ^'^il7::li^^^^ -" -^- Count ^.te .pity dictates ttjniral': ^Z:l2 7Z ^n 0, s of all 'a.3 old campaigns, the reapers of victory ;here the 10,000 strong, arad sending hundreds of tirailleurs in advance to cover the,r approach, he personally encourages thenx to stX the Z 7- ^r'V"' ^"'^ '^"""fi^« ^'^^ '— '« of the B it sh in '7tt f; "^' fr-g'nent which had survived the murderous 1 J>a .f the prolonged day. On, on, come the French-their artillery st.ll tcan,^ up the ridg.s where the shattered British hold tS groun . Napoleon has advanced to tho farm of La Belle Ama„ to bo, as i-e expects, the gratified spectator of the destruction of h s foel Mc..nj.h.le, he All.ed artillery unceasingly sends an iron hailstorm nto the ranks ot the French, while the British Guards lie down T h.ndu r.dge to avoid the shot and shell from the oppo te I'ght " ^'^7Z^^T''' ^•^'^''"^'^-- onwards-thoyal withirm; hit! If posuion-the danger is imminent. A hundred lieavy shot for an instant tell upon their first r-mt H,«„ 7"^'^<^ waver-" Up, Guards, and at them !- is ho t d b^^T '^rl-*"^^^ crals, ,y aides-de-camp along the line. The Guards tifeL' '"' nt.on staggers the enemv-" Change l-'-andtiri ^"^J ^P''" uiiacK— (lie ijruards still press forwnr<1 Ti.„ t* i f "ua w..o!e line a^hance!" exclaims the excited chief TK. V .1 ,! '''"" "•""»»■»''»' "to. off Li. l»g_Vivi.„ a„d ^ n* LIFE OF THE DUKE OP WELLINQTON. [I81» Vandeleur and Somerset lead their brigades, now reduced to skeleton squadrons, and amidst a \/aving of hats, shouts, and the encouraging roll of drums, the unconquerable British army tushes down iLi plopes. In vain the during Ney, who had headed the Imperial Guard, ur^es it to rally and resist — in vain Napoleon launches his broken cavalry, till then held in reserve, upon the allies. Dutch, Belgian, Hanoverian, and Nassau troops cheerfully join in the charge, though some of the former had shown the white feather at earlier periods of the day, and, terrified by their impetuosity, the French fall into dire confusion. All is lost. Napoleon is quick to see that the disaster is irretrievable. Panic has seiaed the flower of his troops, and exhortations to renew the attack are futile. They abandon their arms— they fling away their knapsacks. The Prussians thunder upon the Em\ jror's right — already he is overwhelmed. Sauve qui peutl is shouted by a hundred voices, and the sun which at length shoots out some parting rays lights 30,000 fugitive Frenchmen upon an inglorious retreat. At the heels of his animated soldiers, Welling- ton, who, throughout the day has ever been amongst them when danger was imminent and his presence important, follows with the fragment of his staflF. Fitzroy Somerset has been wounded— his right arm is gone — Alexander Gordon has received a mortal hurt — the Prince of Orange is fi&rs de cotnbat. Soon the position of the French is cleared — Wellington reaches La Belle Alliance, the chosen locality of Napoleon's anticipated triumph, and there he meets the admirable Bliicher. The old Marshal embraces him fervidly. But there is no time to lose. A few words from the Duke to the effect that his troops are worn out and incapable of continuing the pursuit, suffice for Blrtcher. He casts his Prussian cavalry upon the backs of the recreant French, and for miles they follow the broken legions of the once proud Emperor, cutting tliem to pieces in their helplessness, and avenging in their merciless slaughter the wrongs inflicted upon Berlin, and Frederick William's excellent Queen. * Slowly, and with mingled emotions of sorrow and gratification, the Duke of Wellington retraces his steps across the field to take up his quarters at the little village of Waterloo. The groans of the wounded, the sight of the thousands of dead over whom his horse ever' and anon stumbles, smite hie heart He — the sternest of the stem, where the claims of " duty " invoke the suppression of all natural impulses, — ogives way to grief at the moment when men of Napoleon's mould, in «hom exultation smothers all the better feelings of Nature, would have been intoxicated with delight. Dismounting I81ft.J THE CLOSE OF THE BATTLEL 8B only .LuruuB.,.,.™., but ,e S17JnlJ^ ''T '''"''"""• ^"'' """" *- '«" John BUI,. ,„ ,„„ „„,.,, orGlmi il r" i "' " "''"■'"'"*" ""- "f '"» ^»y- Who aen. i,l„, wiu. other horse, to Lisbon, ,/', 3 W ^ ^"r '" '"" "'""""""" ''"»^' with another hor,e, by Colonel Ch«rle, U'ood at".. '*'" "'^"'-''^"^ "■"' ''<>"Kht Crace the Duke of Wellington, ^^oJ'.^ZT "' '"" """*""' «'"""-' ^"'- '"» favourite. On the memorable iay of Waterloo hJ; ,""""' " '" ™"""""'' "» -1-"" ""Ok for eighteen hour^ yet Copenhagen l^"' „;!"" TT "'"""" """ "^^» <*" >". Duke-spatting him on the quarters as he dZ„ . f " " '""« ''^«"'"' ^"^ »" '"e ..ruck out a, playfully as If he had ol 1 .t T " "' "" '""'"■'""' '■"'"'<' '""« "o"e ratlgue, indeed, he was .ore ha; usJl'llLt.^ "'X'" '"" ''"'■ ''"' -•'~ "' proportionately valuable. JloweJer ha,!„rdav C ' T "" ""'^ '""""* '» '^"» - -o ea. It „n„ „ very unusual maun r w ih 7^ " IT ""^ "'"^ '"' """" "«'"«'• was a ntll rich chesnut, was a ,mall horL sZi' !.' 7' ''*""'"""««''' whose colou, ho p„ssesse■<"" '808 by Meteor hardly exceeded ,41 hai- te "I '" """' '""" •''<"«•"■' ^°" »f I^clipse' remarkably good coosiitutlon and iL J^, TTZ'' ""^ """'* ■""• '"""I*""'', with a 'ra.m„g for seven years. Meieor w s J^ I ,, "l if '"" '" '""'" ""> "^^ «■"' '-' of ""r.^ running we,, „, „„ welghtl Ir^s. es l"'r ""' '""^ "' '""" »^ -«" appears to h.,ve h.heriied the stoutness of ,d .," h. „',, r^""" """'""' ^'"P^^ha^e". ce»ful«s a race-ho.„ upon the turf. His dlt^ L "" "'«'" "'"^' """-Sh very unsuc 'Stud-book-as Lndycalherlue, by Join. Bu^^^, I" ' '"''™ """^ ""'"o -» «'vo.. in tho Derby .Stakes i„ ,r«; ,,^0, as well s Mln'T' ."""'^ '"'■^'' '-" «"- of tho grandfather of the present Marquis of wH^ B T, """ °' '""^ '''"'''"^'' "- myslories of ,he 'Kqulne Peentge" I^.dy Catrell f "'''"' "'" ^'"''"' '" "'° '"e 'beud Sinister.. ,„ f,,,, s „ wt' ^, ^^ ^^t ''"*''^' -"'"-""-«' «> bo entitled to ".rortned u., that the Duke's CrgerwrsLredh? "'""""""""^"'- ^"" -vspapers have 0.pe..hagen, which we must beg Lve: " t;Zrr "' "'t '" ' ''"" '"'"^ '» '0 have vished the Danish eaplial .„ 1808, either' ^^ 11"""""" .'■'^■"'-^'""•«'> ^--enor not anywhere app<,.ur to bo the case, it Thard^v n TT "' " *■"" "'P'"^''^' ^'''''h does mare asapartofhis travelling cs.ab,;lhmriCul'ul''^ "''""' ""^ '"^"" " "-<«- to name race-horses aftersome illustrious event haDoen nTi T " ^"^ '°™"'''° circumstance names of .„b„era, U-aterloo, Smolensko, S . Vi„Z and m" " T ""• ^""'' ""> ""« '"o ' Copenhagen most probably received th t Itl A 'the ti? r ' ^"^ " '"""" '««-'• was twenty-me years old. Copenhagen w s taltr ta J ?" "''^" ""^ '"""«'' •"'«'«" ' quimShands, but neither a..stro.^rr«..lnI;J'''" "™' '"'"^ '"'' "^"^ "^ -« te LIFE OF THE DUKFI OF WELLINGTON. [181B. rilA-PTER IV. Thonlgl.l ..ficr Wnlorloo-Tho gains aid lo,«es-Slule of DrusKla during ll.o 16lh, 17* and ISthofJiino-Advaucoof (ho Allies Into Frnnce-Louls XVIII. joins the Uritlsh cami)- Tho scones In Parls-Napoloou's poliinM Ihroes-The nbdicalion of Iho Empcror- Proposuls for Pcaco-CapUulallou of Parl«-Tho Allied Armies enlor Parl.^^ HERE wa.s brief rest for Wellington on the night after tho buttle of Waterloo. Nature claimed some relief, and had gifted him with thi) singular power of command ing sleep, and deriving from lia.sty snatches of slumber that vignra tion which ordinary men only ob tain after long hours of repose. After a frugal meal, ho threw him- self upon his cloak, laid over some bundles of hay, for 8ir Alexander Gordon, one of his attached aides- de-camp, severely wounded, iiad His sleep was sound — the sleep of the good man and the bravo, whose unconquerable resolution to fulfil his duty, had found its highest reward in tho liberation of mankind from, the renewal of a dreadful tyranny. At three o'clock on the morning of the 19th of June, the Duke was aroused to hear that the spirit of Gordon had fled. The gay and gallant now lay a corpse in the adjoining apartment.' lleports had 1 The Duke was much nlti.chcd to Sir Aloxand«r. In tho aflernoon of the IBlh he wrote to the Earl of Aberdeen, Cordon's broUier, and spoke of the "extreme grler- bis death had been placed upon the Duke's bed. ISIB.] THE NIGHT AFTER WATERLOO. 87 m tho meanwhilo reached the little inn from the gcnornl officers at tho head of divisions and brigades, and the Duko in tho stillness of tha niglit had opportunity to count his profits and his losses. Heavily aa the latter weighed upon his npirit-^" they have r,uito broken me down, he sa.d to the Duke of Ueaufort, tho brother of Lord Fitzroy So,„ersct-,he gain was beyond all price. Ho felt it-proudly as a soldier humbly as a Christian-and if at the commencement of tho struggle he spoke in tho animated tones of the Fifth Harry, like him be now exclaimed in tho fulness of his gratitude,— ' "O Cod, Tliy arm was licro j And not to Ufs but to Thy arm alone, Ascrilio wo all." The reports which camo to tho Duke of tho casualties of the dav- detertumable by the musters of t'o rogimentH-announced a much heavier loss than ho had contouiplatcd, althouglt ho had seen tho field covered with the dead and the dying, and was a witness to tho continual removal of hundreds of wounded men to tho rear In tho morning „f the 18th June he had gone into the field with an army of 67,0b men, and 156 guns' Of that number 14,7:^4 were ascertained to be killed, wounded, and missing. But official duty demanded tho suppression ot emotions, and by the dim light of a candle, the con- queror of Aapoleon penned the memorable despatch which was to announce to anxious England the final triumph of her arms on the conti„ent of Europe. In this despatch, which simply rccord.s tho operations descrihod in tho foregoing chapter, tho Duko oi Wellin,rton revels in tho expression of approbation of all who had aided him to bnng the struggle to a successful issue. Twenty-two British general officers, and nine foreign general officers, receiveU the tribute of his honest pra.se. W.ny of them had been wounded. Besides those already n'.entioned, .hero were among the seriou.sly hurt, Lieut -Gen Cooke, L.eut.-Gen. Baron Alten, M..jor-Gen. Barnes, General Baron Vincent, and General Puzzo di Borgo. Of inferior offieer.s, nearly c used him. « ne had .erved „,e met zealously and usefully for mr,„y yoar^ and on many l.y. ^g o, :,.aa,ons; h,u he had never reud«.d .,i.„„.,f mor„ UK-fu,, and had neve, distinguished' ^ more taau. our lata aoiion. • • . , cannot e,prc. to you the n re. a.ulsorro j w t .e ZeT Z .'""';"""^""'""« ""' '- «■'-" • ""vo sustained, p.r„culurl, in yo ^ In Ibe glory resulm,« from such action,, so dearly bought, la no co„,,oiatio„ to L and I cannot suggest It a, any to you and his friends ; but 1 .po that It ntay bo expeeted that this 1 one has bc.n so deelsivo, as that no doubt remains .i,„ our exertio,« and oL ZiZZt^ will be rewarded by the early atudnment of our jnst object " Individual losso. 88 LIFE OP TIIE DUKE OF WELLINOTON. [181B. 600 wnro wounded, and 110 killed. But tlio loss of the enemy was vory iniicli greater; U has been rouglily ostiraatod at 40,000, besides abiiut 7000 jiriaoncrs, including Count Lobau and General Cainbronne. It was, in truth, a terrible fip;lit, . The Duke's private corrcapondcnco ■uflioiently described his sentiments. To Lord Bcrcsford ho wrote, " Never did I see such n pouuding-match. Both were what tlie boxers call ' gluttons ' Napoleon did n it manonuvro at all. IIo just moved forward in the old style in columns, and was driven ofif in the old style" And to Dumourior ho observed, "Jamais jo n'ai vu uno telle bataillo quo coUe d'avant hier, ni n'ai remporte uno telle victoiro — et j'espore quo o'ost fini do Bonaparto." To Princo Sehwarzenberg lie wrote, " Our battle of the 18th was a battle offriunis, and our suc- ci'ss complete. Pray Ood that I may bo so far favoured as never to have another, for I am much afflicted at the loss of old friends and comrades." Karly on the 10th, Wellington proceeded to Brussels for a few hours, and then returned to Nivelles, to Issuo his orders for the march of the allied army into Franco. Tlic scenes which had been enacting in Brussels while the battle was raging at Quatre Bras, on the IGtli, and at Waterloo on the 18th, have furni.slied themes for five hundred pon.s. The general cliaracter of the story is tiic same, simply varying in the details. Perhaps the following is among the most comprehensive and graphic extant : — " The agony of the British, resident in Brussels, during the wliolo of this eventful day, sets all language at defiance. No one thouglit of rest or food, but every one who could get a telescope flow to tiie ramparts, to strain his eyes, in vain attempts to discover what was passing. " At length some soldiers in French uniforms were seen in the distance, and, as the news flew from mouth to mouth, it was soon luagnificd into a rumour that tho French were coming. Horror seized tho Engll.sh and their adherents ; and the hitherto concealed partisans of tho French began openly to avow themselves ; tri-colour- ed ribbons grew suddenly into great request, and cries of ' Vive rEiiipcicitr !' rcs'ounded through tho uir. These exclamations, how- ever, were changed to ' Vive le Lord Vellington !' when it was dis- covered that tho approaching French camo as captives, not con- querors. " The wounded suffered dreadfully from the want of a sufficient number of experienced surgeons able to amputate their shattered limbs ;' and there was also a deficiency of surgical instruments and 1 "The Diiko uf ^VeUlllglon hnd rolurned to Brussels to dine with those of Li? Staff who were •«.«.J nnuss,M o.v the „„ ,»„ „,„ ,„^ ^, i'.k"oJ,!i!;i;i:;:r;::r''r''™'' '7"'« "'««"r»f .1....... '»■'»•. .I.i -ns f, T . w„. ''"'" "•'' "'"l" "f"» '" •<■'■"■"■ •"ontof the „.o.„ent; rid. „nd poor farTa io "l 'T""' evory offer of rcnun-rutiou was dodiuod ' ^ '" "'"'' ^"^^^ "Tlio wliolo of Fridiiv ui"\it ni\tU Tm„ \ grea,e.t anxie,, tho wo^k,:^ ari ^ ^.trLr.rr' '" ''° Ley brought of the carnage which was .dZg ^l 'e , '!rTr'!'^ torr.ho. Saturday morning (17th Juno) wa.s ill o's „ " "'''^ I'umbcrof snp..rnun,craric-s and runaways fLntiT ' "" """'™^° i"g in at thu Porto do Nanmr ^Z T 7 "n.y ca.no rush- public panic tothout.aost s' "'""'' """'•'''"^^'^ ^''^ verbal feclin. • M tic o ' f. " ^^ ^'" T" " '"'^^ ^^■'''^'"" »''« ""i- an car.,..,t dT.Ji.o t "i liru s I '''' " ' '"''^•^ --« forgotten, and ^--pe_a..di::-;::i::t;;-rrst^^^^^ -k„owM«„a .Le ..rovi..o„„„, Intorrnt'. "?'','''' ^''^ ■■"' "■- ■•"='-'.'"■" "- '- -. ™i.l hecouia speak ,o nouo but .L t" , /rT'. ."' ';"""'-'""'"- '^'-'in, .V,..,- .^-S^^r^riiirj^rrr^ir" r- ^ -" - • - ---^ «-.. - 1' i^ jour .luty ,o bo,,ow „„on u, ' ' ""■ '^''"'"^ "" '"" '"""i^''" ""c-ndan™ ul.lch ■^^^^:^:x:^z:x!zrz:^'^'""-"'" "..•. )o.i may tberolbre ro.ire.' '' ""''°"' "'■^''='" "■• >''c«lical allonUancc.; .u;i:src\s-r :;:;:;:;rirr ^''7':^^'""^ '"-- ^'-- -p^^ "raJ reciiug, of tho conqueror, .luu , 'o 1,^0 , ''', '' "" ■"•"'" ""'"""-'^ "^ "- »"'- been .be abe.tor, of t.Z,y i. 0*:; ^I^l^t v^T ^z' ' "'w '"" '"'"" ""° '""» ^ '""S 40 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1815 carts (lid not escape ; enormous sums were given for the humblest modes of conveyance ; and when all failed, numbers set off on foot. " Tlie road soon became clioked up : cars, waggons, and carriages of every description were joined together in an immovable mass ; and property to an immense amount was abandoned by its owners, who were too nincli terrified even to think of the loss they were sustain- ing. A scene of frightful riot and devastation ensued. Trunks, boxes, and portmanteaus were broken open and pillaged without mercy ; and every one who pleased helped himself to what he liked with irapunit}'. The disorder was increased by u rumour that the Duke of Wellington was retreating towards Brussels in a sort of run- ning fight, closely pursued by the enemy. The terror of the fugi- tives now almost amounted to frenzy, and they flew like maniacs escaping from a mad-house. It is scarcely possible to imagine a more distressing scene. A great deal of rain had fallen during the night, and the unhappy fugitives were obliged literally to wade through mud. " During the panic of Friday and Saturday, the sacrifice of pr'^perty made by tiio British residents was enormous. A chest of drawers sold for five francs, a bed for ten, and a horse for fifty. lu one in- stance, which fell immediately under my own observation, some hou.sc- hold furniture was sold for one tl'ousand francs (about 40/.) for which the owner had given seven thousand francs (280/) only three weeks before. This was by no means a solitary instance ; indeed, in most cases the loss was nmch greater, and in many, houses full of furniture were entirely deserted, and abandoned to pillage. " Sunday morning (18tli) was ushered in by one of the most dread- ful tempests I ever remember. The crashing of thunder was followed by the roar of cannon, which was now distinctly heard from the ram- parts ; and it is not possible to describe the fearful effect of this ap- parent mockery of heaven, I never before folt so forcibly the feeble- ness of man. The rain was tremendous ; the sky looked like that in Poussin's picture of the Deluge ; and a heavy black cloud spread like the wings of a monstrous vulture over Brussels. " The wounded continued to arrive the whole of Saturday night and Sunday morning, in a condition which defies description. They appeared to have been dragged for miles through oceans of mud ; their clothes were torn, their caps and feathers cut to pieces, and their shoes and boots trodden off. The accounts they brought were vague and disheartening. — in fact, we could only ascertain that the Duke of Wellington had, late on Saturday, taken up his position at "VYatcrloo, and that there ho meant to wait the attack of the French. 1816J BRUSSELS ON THE 18n, OF JUxVE. , 41 aslStnTHfl '"' 7™""""' '''' "^^^^^ -**°l'° -formed, e fa c d ,, i " l"'; r'" "■"■^' '■'"^'^"^ '"°^'^ '''^'-^^ *'» -e field Ob lo's 7 ." °"'"- '^''° ^^'°""'^'^'i represented the with their cattle ''"'^"*^ ^'^ ^"* *''° '^--' -^ gallop off "Sunday night was employed in enthnoL.sf;. . • • • "The body of the Duke of Brunswick, who foil at Ouatrn -R was brought in on Saturday and tiKn ♦.'♦! . ^'■'''^' pied near the Chateau dT'LLklnT ''"""""^ '" ''^"^ °°°'^- I saw the corpse of oTe whot I I ; ) ^r.',""^'""^' "^'"'^''''^ ^^'''^^ with youth and health bn '° ^"''^^ '"'^''^^'^ "^ ^'°°"'"'g horro.;" ' ^"*^ "'^ '^'^^ «°°" »^'^«''»'°e accustomed to ^^'^ -emen, T^.^:^ ^ih^ ;:c^Sorr ^"If ^^ made, and he exnros.Iv f t i !, ' ' ""'"''' P^>'"°»* ^^^ not aeknoVl dgi : Zb :^,/;;^^^^^^ •'^^-^T of contributions. In son.ewhat'ch.;y of 1 s"'. Is b,r°'';r *'" ",'""' *'" ^"^^'^ ^'^ "The Field-Marshal takes this opportunity of returning to the 42 LIFE OF THE BUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1815. iirmy ''is tlinnks for tlioir conduct in tlio (i;lorious action, fonglit on tlic 18th instant, and lie will not fail to report liis sense of their con- dnct. in tlio terms wliieh it defcrvos, to their several sovereigns." To the French people the Duke addressed a proclamation, some- what similar in language to that which he issued on the descent of the allied army from the Pyrcnean heights to the southern plains of Franco. " I announce to the French people that I enter their country at tlie head of an army already victorious — not as an enemy (excepting of the usurper — the declared enemy of the human race, with whom there is neither peace nor truce) but in order to aid them in throwing oif the iron yoke by which they are oppressed. I have consequently issued the following orders to my army, and I beg that I may bo made acquainted with every instance in which they are infringed," &c.' Leaving the subject of this memoir for a brief space, let us follow Marshal Bliicher in his hot pursuit of the flying French. " Nothing could exceed the devastation spread by the French and their Prussian pursuers through tlio country. It seemed as though the arm of a destroying angel had swept over the land, and withered as it went. The trees were stripped of their branches, the hedges broken down, and the crops trampled into the ground ; in short, wherever the fugitives passed, like the blasting simoom of the desert, ' they left their track behind.' " hiuuvc qui pmt was the order of the day with the French. The fields and roads were strewed with th; ir cannon, baggage, and stores ; they even threw away their arms, that they migh*: fly the faster. They rushed into Cliarleroi about three o'clock on the morning of the 10th, with such violence that a number of the country people, who were coining to market, were trampled to deatli, and the provisions they brought eitiier carried off or destroyed. The fugitives did not stay to inquire what mischief tlioy had done, but hurried on, the Prussians following close behind, and putting so many to the sword, that the road to Philipvillo was soon choked up with the wounded and the dead. " Bonaparte was saluted with yells and execrations in every place, and the people who had bo lately hailed him with rapture, now shouted, ' There goes the butcher of France !' as he passed along. Sic transit, gloria ! Never was a flight more ignominious : he only paused at Laon to order that the National Guard slionld be mustered to sfop all riinnways, except himself, and then hurried on to Paris." 1 .See Proclftinatlon dated " Malplaquct, 22nd June, 1815," In Gurwood's solectioa of Despatchc* (No. 957). ISlj.j si':qitl;l to the battle. 43 --••g..nnl. U,c place op ; , ^./^'^''^ '^ f -"^'•— "f a General Tl,ie ,uann ad 1 T •''' "'"' "^^'^'' '^^''^'''''^'''S with w-3-t in tho field vih 3>oir. ' r""""^^ '■^•''^''^'^ ''""' di.^l>c.nsablo that the «;,; luM T"' ''' '''''■ '' ''-'^ ">' cruslied, onressea s^Iiould bo c.pturcd, and G.-onohj The Diiko of Wellington crossed flm T^ ir . of June, and i.n.ediatel, bi:S Id V^!:; „^"7 ^ ^'^ ^^^^ Can.bray. The Prussians, n.eanwhilo b o IJ r ' , '^"'T"-' ' '^"'^ Avesnes, and Rocroy. A fe. days ^^^tfcT""''' ^^^'"^'-''>-. by a corps under Lieutenant-Goncral « f ? ^"7 '''' •'''"''""^^ -- .'.ken on the 2Gth of Ju ^ a d M,^ ;:u>r?'"^ " ^r"'-- w.th the re.r-g„ard of Grouchy u villr, 1' "eher can.ins up f-ted it with tho loss of ,000 .L: aid ^ g';,?"^' °" ''" '^'"'' ^'- of J..;-. Upon tl. LI : ;tn;r' T """°^' ^-onstratlons J'i-^ Court and troops, an ho L^rof ^l ,• 'T''' ^'''''-- -"' t;;;i^ ^lajesty. Upon the eaptu; o P ro f :K1 Z I'" '""' of the troops of f 1,0 Netherlands wI,o T , ^ °""'' *''° ^"^<° 'eft some "«;"" ■"■"'ic "'.icwti : ir:r .:? "" "■ "»""• nt Poronne, and thou moved onwn,vI % Ar "'"' '" S'^'^'i^on ~i'3- .i.ich the Dui. r uir :; ,. '::tv^''^'-' "''° pontoons and stores to come un for th. n ° . , ^''^'^'"' *° '''^'o^^' Marshal Bluoher one n.ard h^adv ?'•"'" "^ *''° ^°''"''^«'^' P'^^^'^'l »"y separation of the i:;^ ^t^.f S'^"* ^'^ "°^ '^^^ ^° "nny, suggested to tho Duke that ho tVn ^ ''^' ,"^ "'° ^^•"^^''"i pace with his ally. " Do not 1 f' "'^^ *° '^''^^P better "forltellyouit'won'td If^oM:! ?, '^'^''-Plied his Grace, position and habits, better you 1; " ^"°^'"''' "'•"'^' ''^ -- -parate fron. ,„, t^^,, a^d su List ' T. ^'1' "" ^ ^"^"-* canip and well taken care of, if ord r a id S '7 ™"'' ^' '''^' '" tained. It is better to arrive a eounle If ^^ ,"" ''" '' ^' "'•^'"■ tl.at discipline should gro^. slack." ^ '^' ^'^"^'' ■'^' ^'-^^'^ ^I-an ro„.n„„„e,i„.„„„,,„,,,^ I.o,„bay Armv. at a" , ., " "" ''^""•''' ""' "W'o'n'men 'al.ra, a c,.,np„i«,.. o,,,, ....j „, ^- ^'^ ' ™> -" beco.ne ,„„ch .lL,org„„„e,. ,„ „ae -.oro., u,c.„. no aner..„u .ecme Govonl / : ^ ' """ '" ^""'"■^ ^'viUe o«.ouu..„ 41 LTFJi; OF THE DUKE OF WKLLINaTJ)^. [1816. The diorama of our history shifts to Paris. Paris, the chosoi. locality of excitement, had been, since the depar- ture of 'Napoleon on the I'^Hi. tlin tlioatro of an anxiety not less intenso than that which pervaded Brussels on the three days described above. Intrigue had been at work to provide for either the triumph or the overthrow of Napoleon ; but upon the IStli, public feeling reached a crisis of alarm. « People interrogated each other on meeting in the streets, and news from the nortli waa anxiously hoped for." At length it came, and was of a nature ♦o gladden the Parisians. Napoleon— telling his own story in the " Moniteur"— had announced the " great " victory at Ligny. The people of i'aris congratulated each other—" they experienced the noble pride of a military nation which learns that its name has been exalted in history, and in the face of other nations by one more victory." On the 19th and 20th, vague and incomplete reports alloyed the prevalent delight. The Prussians had been defsated— good— 'twas an old story— Jena and Moiitmirail revived— but what of the English, had theij been beaten ? There was to bo a figlit^ on the 18th, and by the 21st of Juno Paris would illuminate— or go into mourning. The suspense was horrible. Paris, with all her vanity, could no't feel sure that Napoleon would humble AVellington. Tiie souvenirs of Toulouse and Orthcs, of Nive and Nivelle, were yet too green. As day broke on the 21st, " a sough and a surmise" went throngli the proud capital of Franco. " Tutit cat perdu !■" was muttered along the banks of the Seine, in the parks of Versailles and St. Cloud— on the Boulevards— and, worse than all, as the day grew older, the disastrous news circulated on the Bourse. Siirouded by tlio darluicss of the night, Napoleon had sluidc i:ito the palaco of the Elyst'e, and there con^e.-iled his dofeat t-nc! 'ns despair; but the intelligence of his arrival spread rapid' , and people crowded around the gates to observe the entrance and exit of p-.misters and to deduce tlie truth from the expression of their facet. Soon the direful fact of the complete ■rout of the French army forced itself upon the whole of the populace, and murmurs "not loud but deep" circulated over the town. Napoleon found comfort and consolation only in the presence of Caulaiucourt. lie was exhausted in body- dreadfully agitnted in • mind. Tlie long nights, the anxieties of two battle.^, the fatigue of riding, of standing in the midst of his army for many cnnsecutivo hours,'all told against him. He sought a batli and repose. Awaking, he summoned iiis ministers, and, after recounting the disa.>-ttr of Wat Oiiiio, cxciainieci The eisemy is v; France, and ^;-> sa\ •0 the 1815.] AliDICATIOX OF xVAPOLKuX. •15 country, i must have a.uplo powcr-a tcunpor.ry dictatorsI,b r- iint no one responded to tl.n 1,;,,^ ti • • . ""-''"""^■^'"P •' ofT?nv,... . i'"""'-'^ to tlic hint. The proposition in the Ohambor of R preventatives was antieip.tod by Lafayette, ti.e old soldie of he Kepubl.c, who moved the permanence of the Chambe u 1 th treason of any one who should attempt to dissolve it. Th'o ot was voted ..;„«. .//,,,,,,,,,,, ^ ,^^^^ ° -- Lue^ to lus ,uc' -Lucion. whose olocpencc and firmness, had en -vec ast centu.y. A ain expedient ! The Frenchmen of 1 792 were not the and Hm.e t Eut wrought upon by the growing hostility f " iivoui ot us .01.. Ihis, however, did not content the Assembly for an volvod a regency. Nevertheless, proposals were at once dZ cht to e advanced post.s of the allies, under Prince Fredericlc Nether ands near Valenciennes, and to those of the 1st Pru s a, co.^s a^anu.e lor a su,spen.ion of hostilities on the gronndf f h abdication ; ho delegates stating, at the «ame time, thaf a provilna governmen had been formed and had sent Ministers to he AU ed Powers to treat for peace. The propo.sition for an armistice was peremptorily rejected Bo.b e Du and liliicher regarded it as a trick.'and iiot' elated .tat^ oft.e^athot March, which bound the allies to force x\ano leon to desist from his project , :„.d to place huu in ■ tio 7„ ^nch he could no longer have it in hia power to distu.. ■^;:Z ;i could not consider his abdication of usurped power in favonr cf h.s son, and h,s handing over the government .rovisionlnv to fil persons,,,, ed by himself, to be thft description of cuX .hi ^ A r^ ■ ^ Bathurst, Joucourt, June 25, 1815. upot PaH " Ihe 'f '"' 7"."''"° °'^^^''' '" ^'^'^^ ^ "-cbing upon Paiis,-the capture of Napoleon. The delivery of th« i-mperor was the invariable .condition stipulated by 1 im in ev ' conference with the French commissioners sent to treul fo I ^ ^ «— era. i-t.ilLnig to stato to the Duko that "aa 46 LlFl-:: 01' 'llIK DLKK OF WEL'.INGTOX. [1815. llio Congros:. of V'ieiu a IphI deolaro.l ]S;jpoleon under outlawry ( Vi)iic/firi), it wa;^- liis (BliichcrV) iut.'ntvon to nlioot liim whenever lie got him." Mii'l'inj.- ^vns at \\.-\ ^:lIllo time dcsiieJ to learn tlie D.ikc's views on the snbjcct, iur the Prussian Field-Marshal wished, il' possible, to act in concert with the Duke. MiitHing, in iiis account of the interview, illustrates the fine chivalry of the Briti.sh chief •■ The Duke stared at ii^ :. with all his eyes, and in tlie first place dis- puted this interpretatidii of tlie Vienna declaration. Ilow'cvcr that might be as concerned 'lis own position, and that of the Field-Mar- ghd, with respect to 'Ni'i • Icon, it seemed to him that, after the battle they had won, they were ...uch too conspicuous persons to bo able to justify Buch a transaction ii the eyes of entire Europe. ' I therefore wish,' continued the Duke, ■ that my friend and collciiguc may adopt my views ; such an act would hand down our names to hi.story with a stain, and posterity would say of us, that ffe had not deserved to be the conquerors of Napoleon ; the rather because the act would have been superfluous and without an object or advantage.' " Bliicher ultimately yielded to the Duke's wishes, but under a very mistaken and unjust (though thoroughly Prussian) impression.' 1 The following oiliciul Idlers from Conoml Von Giielsonau to General JIuffling cxliibU Elucher's ec.ilimeiili on li.e .suhject :- „ Co.mpkione, Juni' T,lh. "The French Gcncriil, Do Trcmoliii, is at Noyons, with the intention of proceeJing lo the Duke's hcad-quurlera, and treating for tl.o delivery of Bonaparte. Bonaparle has beeiv declartJ under ban bv llio Allied Power.. The DuUo may poMibly-/..-- Pn-mmeUavi f„„.,„/ , .• : v ■ )«htler obligations to no morhd man than to this very malefaclor; for by the cecum ..r •: which ho has been the author, her wealth, prosperity nnd power have attained the!- ,.. ..nt elevation. Tl.ey are ranaters of the seas, and have no longer to fear u rival In the > m jlgnty of it, or In the coiniuerce of the world. It la otherwise with Prussia. IVc ha Ven impoverished by Bouaparte. Our nobiiily will never be able to right itself again. .\ud ought wo not to consider ourselves instruments of that Providence which has given us such B victory, for the ends of elernal justice » Does not the doatii of the D.ie (5'Engh'.«n csll for sur.h a vengeance? Sh.,!) wa not draw upon u» the *®'*-l CAPITULATION OP PARIS, 4^ Tlie Frcncli commissioners returnnri fn p • and the allies pro«coutoJ ,,.;',"''" "'°''*'^'^*^«"^''"mWed, Ontl-e-JthJuLtl ;!• '■':"?''"' '""•<-''' "P°» the capital to the Seine. The Frenol. nr • , '' "''"'" ^'"«''«'- «'Jvanced PHrisallthetroo^f : trZ'T T'T''' ''' ^""-^^^ ^* 4(1000 and 50 000 nrbidlnv' '^"f'' "^ Waterloo, between called /« ^«m,.. JIV'^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ "- levy, of Soult, Massena, and Davoust C 1 •''"' "'"^'"^ '^"^ ^°'"«''»"' ^--^-S tl.el3eightsofSt.S ndM . f "^P"^^'' ^^ '^''« ^"^'"y on Zeithen «urmountei etry ob' tac e" ' ^V^'^/^'^'^P^ "-'- «--! latterheightsandthe vil^eof it; L t'.""' P°""^'°" ^^ *^« the French attacked them LI kT ""'"'"« °^ ^'^^ ^rd, loss, and finding that Pal '£^7'" "^"^"' ""'''' --i<^orable' tl.at a communication hid b!.T°r''''""^""'^^'° «5do; and Wellington; and t a Brit sh en" ^'''' ''^'"^°° Blucher' and Seine towards the Z: t^^SyVT "'" "'""°'"^ "^^ ^'^^ «nd proposed a capitulation of Pa S The"?- """' ' f'^ '' *'"°^' both sides met at St. Cloud- and K. ?^ "'"""^ ' °®°"'"' <"» Paris for Rochefort the fol'lol n^ "°" ^''"'"S l^a^tily quitted very chamber in wh;cVNapro::fd''rn"'r "" ^'^"^^^ ^'^ *^« operations : ^ '"'^ P'*''"*'* most of his military "MILHARY OONVEJfTION. "This day, the 3rd of July lan fi.„ . . tlie Commanders-in-Chief of the resnl^; oonnmssioners named by Baron Bignon, holding the Portfo 0"^!"^ """ '\ *'"' '^ '' -^' '^' i 48 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINliTOX, [181&. Of Eokmiihl, Comraander-in-Ohief of the French army on one side; and Sor-General Baron M.iffling, furnished with the f ul power, o "s Highness the Field-Marshal Pri,.eo Bir.hor ^^-f:^-^^';^ of the Prussian army; and Colonel llervey, furnished with the full pow rs of his Exeeilency the Duke of Wellington, Commundcr-m- 5 of the English armV,-on t^e other side; have agreed to the '"^iZ^tl^^rosU^ be a suspension of arms between The allied am es eommandcd by his Ilighuess the Prmee Bh.ehor lujd his Grace the Duko of Wellington, and the French army under the '"'"rrr2nt-Tho French army shall put itself in march to-morrow to tat up a position behind the Loire. Paris shall be ^omplet^ evacuated in three days ; and the movement l>ebmd the Loire shall artilie yinilitary chests, horses, and property of regiments without exe pUo'n All persons belonging to the depots shall also be removed, as well as those belonging to the different branches of administration ^'iirS it: r'and .oundod, and the medical offi.rs whom it mav be necessary to leave with them . ic placed under he special protlon ofthe (^ommanders-in-Chi. of the English and Prussian ""Art 5th.-The military, aud those holding employments to whom the foregoing article relates, shall be at liberty immediately after their recovery, to re-joiu the corps to which they belong. ■ tYrt 6th-The wives and childien of all individuals belonging to the French army shall be at liberty to remain in Pans The wives shal Kid to it Paris for the puvposo of rcjo i. ng the army, aud to carry with them their property and that of f ^^te F«^cVe. or Art 7th -The officers of the lino employed with tho_ Feclues, or with the tirailleurs of the National Guard, u.ay cither jom the army, or return to their homes, or the places of iheir birth. "Art 8th.-To-morrow, the 4th of July, at mid-day, St. Denis ■ St Ouen Clichy, and Neuilly shall be given np. The day after to marrow, the Stll, at the same hour, Montmartre shall be given up. The third day, the 6th, all the barriers shall be given up. "^l^l'rOtWThe duty of the city of Paris shall continue to be dor. by the National Guard, and by the corps of the municipal Gens '^"'^'n.^lOth.-The Commanders-in-Chiefofthe English and Prussian 1815.J WILITAUV CONVKNTIOX 49 relates to war-whether it be on. 1 ° ''"'^''°" "^ ^'"'t ^''ioh "Pon the municipal authorities-! l\";/"'T"r"'' " '^''P'""'^ I^-ors will not interfere i„ ..y ^:^2V2i;'': "-' *'- Allie.I manajucnient -^ "'"micr witli ita achnmistratiou and t^- i" the enpital, «hal ;, ^ " o'^r''"' '"^'-^-'« «>'o 111 without being disturbed, ocaled to T "'"'" /'»''*« '"''' liberties, tions whieh the, hold, o llXrl llu ' ""'" "^ '° ^'^ •^'■*^- political opinions. ^ '" ''''''' °'' «« ^o their conduct or -™aiandt,^.eociX^:;^r:s:;^.---. I" ease of rupture, it must e de u "ed i ' f ""/ "Z'"" °' P'^'^-" ten days beforehand. ""'O""cod in the usual forms, at least "Art. lOth.-Tk „ro...nTr !•' ^ °' ""■ ""j' »' l'»™. p.*ri„'!*7":ts°r/.;:" '» t^ '^ "'•-pe"^™ "nlion, °"' "'° «-««"'»ii of lire prc,o„l Con- "The Baron BiGNON. 11"^ COU.XT GmLLEMINOT. The Count de Bondy. '•The Baron de JIcffuno. VOL. if. ^ ■'^- ^- Hervey, Coloucl. .» f: ?it 50 Ml'K OV THE DUKE 01-' WELLINGTON. [181li .. Approvtj.l an.l rntlfitnl, tl.c present suspension of arn.M. at l^u'i^ . ':ily,'l3ir.. "Tiir. MAiif'HAt/ruiNcE or hcivMfiir.. .^Utorwards opproved by Prinoo IJlachcr nml tl,e Dul.o of Wcl- llngtou; and tho ratification oxoluingtHl oa tl.o dth of July. ■ Th., tern.« of tl.o Convention Trcr. literally fulfilled. On tl.o Hi,, tl,o French army, eo.nn.anded by Murnhal D.voust 4U.ttcd 1 ar.H, nd proceeded on'it. n.arcl. to .'.• Loire ; a,.d to AnMo-a bed In J n en lied St Denis. St. Ouen, Olichy, and Neudly. 0.. tho 5th the r ok possession of Montn.rtre, On tho Gth, t l.ey oeenr..Wl.o barriers of Paris, npon the right of tho Se.ne ; and thoPrussmn .hose ..pon tho left bank. On tl.o 7th, the two allied arnue.s entered i'.,ris- the Chan.berof Peers, having received from tho 1 rov,s.o„»l Gover'nmct a notification ••. d.o conrso of em', ternunated ,i. Bittin-H The Chamber t)f Deputies protested, 24th July, but in van.. Their president (Languinais) quitted his chair, and the follow.„:t day the doors .vcro closed, and the ..i^ roaches guarded by forcj^u troops. , • ,1 -4 Immediately, ns if by n.agie, tho vholc populate oi the city became enthusiastically loyal; a' I caricatures of the Ilourbm, ^- appeared, i.d the streets echoed with songs in praise of Lo.ns X\ ■I'hc fir.st troops marehed through the Barriero do I'Etoile, and aeru>,s u- Place I n.is Quinze ; but others soon after advanced by diflfcrent eites. from whence they proceeded f. :.ll parts of tho e.ty Every- tvhere they m^o received with rapture, tho Parisians erowdmg rouml the English ii' particular, as they passed, and exehunung repeatedly, .< r hnk bnn-cs homines ! Qm-h bcauz chcvanz ! Quels jolls !:arron,l (;H't/siiuutgcntih!" vfv,whilt the Messieurs CW/Zra/s, of the Palms E .uil andlbo lluo Vivienr,,, descanted learnedly on tho bright ^'u I an.i wcU-tanu.d leather of t' ,- British saddlery, and the glossy coats their horses. T' " Prussians W( ■ not received so iavoui-ably; .ever upon tho w, .le, the pageant, for as such alone it .^eenud to he •■e-ai^ed, passed ,.tr with to greatest eclat. The whole c.ty was in a "bustle, the pe were dressed as for a holiday, th.r va...ty movin- them to cut a respectable figure before the.r encu..cs: and thou"h the nmUitudc was immense, tho confusion was not so groat r,3 might have been expected. " The quays . d Boulevards were enlivened by ballad-singers, tumblers, chui-latans. ...ceaters, co,ijui-..rs, &c &c. all trying th. ir best to please tho wealthy st.'angers, wl.iUt ji,c' -d'licr« both En.dish and Prussians, weio highly amused, and 18I5.J i'ln: ALLii:,s in i-auis. 61 niii.r|,.,i ., ,|„„. ,, " inissmii.s, nirl Imx-iicIi woro nooii .1... 1,-1 ri ':;';:?' °'f'r"«,"'~i',,; , „, „„„ .!« njo.,, „„„o„r.„co of ,„„„ .f „, „,fic™ "^ L : ' Z"' " ™"..n.erf:v:fS;-iz;:i:.^T;l"i.:;;-s-.nV'a f^utigue that coul.1 J,<, f„ ..,., I ; 1'^' ^,^ ^^ '''-' I'''^"^"-t ^//'-^ de 'liquc that could be fauud iu Paris. Tlio s.^dici. cro too guiluiit 69 LIFE OF TlIE Dl'ICK OF WKLLINOTON. [181& to mnrchandrr, and tho bright oycs of the fair Pnrnimnrx f^rew otill briRhfor from tho rcflectio!! of tiio En;;Hah gold. Tho Sitlkx de Mars Kiid (Ic F/oir/m tho Cimmps Elysi'CH, word crowded with dmicora; nnd wliilst tlio Holdiors were tliiis iinuiNing tlicmsolvi-s, tlio officers wore thronging Frcscati and tho gnniinghntisus in tlio Pukig Royal. All tho chairs on tho Boulevards tuid in tho publiepardoiis were occupied l)y military ; whilst the innunieriiblo lights around flashed on tho laced uniforms ond bright accoutrenionts of tho allies, 09 they appeared and disappeared oniong tho trees. Tho PruHsians were mostly in tho cstaniincts smoking most devoutly ; the theatres woro thronged to suffocation, and the air resounded with every pos- sible description of music ; drums and trumpets, however, preponder- ating prodigiously. No one thought of rest ; tho city was in move- ment tho whole night ; and before thrco o'clock tho country people, who had heard the news, came crowding in, loaded with provisions ; all were greedily bought up, and there wcro many broken heads and Bcratched faces in tho eagerness of buying and selling. About five, tho heavy bnggago began to arrive, and as it was placed on tho quays and Boulevards, tho soldiers, in their various uniforms, crowded round it; each claiming a share, with such energy of gesticulation from tlio difficulty of making themsclvcb understood, as would have formed rich materials for the pencil of a Hogarth. " Considering the good humour and good understanding which appeared to subsist between tho French and their cor.quorors, it is melancholy to relate that on the morning of tho 8th the Morgue was found nearly filled with tho dead bodies of Prussians, who .«oemed to bavo been thrown into the river during tho night, probably whilst in a state of intoxication. " This disgraceful treachery, however, was scarcely noticed in tlie bustle of tho preparations made for the reception of tho French King. His Majesty arrived with a splendid corlcffc soon after noon, and was received with shouts and acclamations of delight; floweis were strewed in his path, and tho power of music strained almost to exhaustion, in order to bid him welcome. About half-past two ho alighted at tho Tuilcries. At that moment a scene of excessive con- fusion took place ; a number of English and Prussian officers, who bad attended the King, gave their horses to commissionaires to hold, ond thes' follows rode off, and were seen no more. There was no rcdre.ss, . no effective government was yet cstablii-hed ; and tlic National Guard, to whom alone the peace of tho city was confuliHl, generally sided with their countrymen. The King of Prussia i le Lis entry at seven ia the evening, the Emperor of Russia at baUiiast "m,y^ W\] THE ALLIES IN PARIS. M and Austria wcro recoivcl very o dlV ,',' ^^ "r""'" "' *''""'* perhaps no mi«hty ki.,..,lom n^ i ""'* r"8'J'-''-'"g everything, iudifforonco.-' ^^ ^ "'"'" '^''"^"^ ''" '""'o" with mora ' " t'nlled Sorviro Journal.'' 54 LIFE OF TEE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. (I81» CHAFfER V. Napoleon f •i to Eochel'or!— I* l;ii>cri lo EnurlancI, ami dcporled to SI. Ueleiui— Feeling in Englaiul oil tlio ncsva of lli.j lialile of Waterloo— Tlianks of I'arliameiit, mid AildilioiiaS Vote of 'JOO.nOfl/.— Oilier niarlis of Public finilitude— lUSclier's design on the Font do Jena fnislruled— \\\''.liui;loii rrealeil Prince of Waterloo, &c. T11IPPEI> of every vestige of autliarity, and forbidden to hope for its reatoration in tiny form, Napollon Qvd, as lias been stated, to Kocliefort, with the intention of pro- ceeding to America. Ap- plication vras made on hia behalf to ;':)o Duke of Wellington far passports. The Duke very properly refused them. He had no authorit}^ to grant satl- couduet to a man wlio, wherever he was, would be certaih to stir up strife, and probably re-kindlc a Euro))can war. The flight of Napoleon was a oii- tiiigency not foreseen by the British government, and arraiigi'inciits had not therefore been made to provide for it. But as soon as the Duke communicated to the Ministry that the ex-Emperor was a fugitive to the shores of France, Lord Bathurst ordered tliiriy ships of war to environ those coasts, and arrest his departure. Selfi.sli to the la.st, Napoleon had latterly passed his time in getting together the mo.st valuable oflucts from the difforciit palaces near I'aris ; and as these were all borno away by him on the oeeasion of his quitting 3I;iliniiis'in on the 29th of June, he was well prepared to establish himself comfortably wherever fortune might carry liitu. " Fame and memory would have been sufficient for a great man who 1S15.] l:.'id so he con triiikotf and ind Provi.sii f'''gatos execute and in tl Tlic Bri own gov( ■I'higiaiid. but lie III tlio vigiia of 1)(1U-(.T arrest, he tarily on dents for enil;aik(.'d "I'l'Dtcc-tio received, i sinij.ly hie "i' tin; 7jV, i"efori'iK'o I July. I til 5, wliieh ho c dividvd F, -yurojye; ;„, the hearth deserved. ' i'lyillniitli ,s government "".y «'iiy, sen eXpiilEo, diui eriines wliieh bonds of sc civilised worl Tlio even la uiiil the oceiip •I-* far as they i'll'ire de.serilj i'l Eiiglaiid sij 1GI5.] liaj so Inn Jie could ^""APOLEON st:.vt to ST. HELKXA. '.£? K«-nyGc.l tlio fl est I triiikofs ! '' ' xii '"t dwell upon I projects, lio "/ °^ empires ; ),ut X,,p„, 'S itiiil tlicrcf 53 :oru ro ipoloon felt tli;it iliiireil to ^i,!"^™*'--C'r:rs:""^™'« '\-.S Pi ■ovmnml G.)v eni fnS^nU'H dostiiicil to execute (li d in tl oil- coiunii: "iciit l,nd ^ivon ord com-oy Xa;,olcon to >y ills iicti\ '''s to tlio ca and Too a IK le sa " if it end II n tlio United State 10 r ;i f <3 enemies. Tlio iptains of the The Britisl o\\ n goveri ^''Hgland, i'lit lie liad •"c breath they prolubit°I I ' commanders, on the '"^■"t to obtain posses gerod the safetj- of is b "ther band tliO 3 not to vessels — S 'veral e vio-iian 'g'lancc of the Eu'disl tl of ai-'-i'st, bo at tlio s projects of c, sagaeity to perceive tl nnn of bi •'^t'ajic Were 'f"'g I'clanded in 1 were directed by tli nmce. person, and eir can-y iiini to 'i cruiser,' iiat it Mas i gge.tod to Xai)ol i'7" i^y Louis xvnr should b Dread poleon, '"P"^>i!>le to eludo lis iest tl tarily on board 'Jii-'d li ea '"''• to the resolution of '" follou-ed by an ord iL' rosninnt ■''-''its for a ii'X English fri.^ato, tr pllttiiio- J, ption '^r fir his t'liib.-uked in tlie UM generous rccej)t ■listing to the cl iiiiself vol uu- •I'l'oteetion of the P. ''Opium ■ption in En-laiul. ir i^ip'er of aeei- claimiunr to received. Hot as i guest- 'nnce Jtegcnt and the Jj " accordii ''"'i'ly because he M-i:.d.ed .„ 't_the7.'//, had the -not under to iro to ]•] use hi;i ow ritish 1 n Wor( an y pledge of jn :iws. rr. tho wa3 land reference has L •>een made abi J"lj, 1^15, Napoleon d orders, in coi Jteael ■olection— -buli '■"'d ('aptain 31aitland wiiieh h dt 'vi(hd 1 « complacently called himself ^P"t(-'bed a letter to th° i "'"«' H'ifb other,s, to which England on the ilth of Eui '■"««•, and to the 1: a PC; and, '•like 'fi tbc hearth of the ] ileserved. The nnd eniistoel hostility of tl victim to the. J. I'lnce Eeucnt, in Plymouth stared at i^overnment taught, by d any way 'xpiate, ^■•ilish puop! titude wl '^•-<,. ho ea.-t h Tl lio crowded le greatest ""■'■'■■U; nietaiihorleally, ''« "Ppeal ivas treated aro 'dcliujis tliat pgH-ers of on s it iiim as at ft caged uiKl the nrllcrophoa at sunt xXapoleon a cant ear experience, "lonsior; and the J Jiirnig si.x Yi.'ars o enmes which had stained 1 ive to (I fainful the folly cl' trustinjr J Iritlsh le island of St. llel exile, {\i ig iiuu n\ iia, t!,erc to i'iiiids of soc ilised World CIV Tl lety and desol into moui •''\ career, and which, rend f-' cnoruinus p.,litieal 'fin.2' \l \\\ ur( mm 'P", liad plimged ig asimder the liau th e lu events foil and the ih 1^ iar as tl occupation of ""■i'lg "pon the .second re.^l le i)i'i; ire des yb i:ris ear any r.jl iliied tr i(;')i. to t "ration of J, ops, now ehiii lllliS xv'iir. ill lviglai,d escnbino- tl siJice t '!'■ let lis (ak> le oiiddl,. of J lie sir'K'ct of il 11 atfent loii Ins Iji.i" oui!, i.SI. I! J.', '•ee :it uliat hat] | 'CCil ly. J5ut pa.ssing "luoii," ite; 06 LIFE OF THE DUKE OV WELLINOTOX. [1810, Six years of a succession of victories had cast a halo around the name of Wellington. Tlio people, like the tjldiery, had learnt to believe him invincible. No undue estimate had been formed of Napoleon's genius for war— nor were the resources suddenly placed at his disposal at all underrated. But the nation could not bring itself to look upon the contest, which it saw approaching in the Netherlands, with anything like apprehension. If tlie truth were told, the sentiment was rather the other way. Wellington had beaten all of Napoleon's marshals who had been opposed to him, and Great Britain had taught herself to think that her hero was move than a match for the master of the marshals. She now desired to witness the confirmation of this belief, and every post was looked for with lively anxiety as it brought the unavoidable conflict nearer to its issue. A great tournament was " coming off" — Europe the lists —universal peace or tyranny, the stake— Wellington and Napoleon the combatants. There was, of course, much anxiety in families, whose male members had hastened to the field, and the financial reformer, with a fixed idea, groaned over the prospect of fresh taxation. Those English people, also, who had made the Continent their residenco after the peace of 1311, mourned the derangement of their plans, and tlie cessation of a style of life to which they had begun to accustom themselves. But witli tlie exception of these c-lasscs there was an entliusiasm afloat throughout the land, and the young blood of England, Scotland, and Ireland circulated with increased velocity as tlie hope of ultimate triumph ripened into moral conviction. The Stock E.Kchange had been in a state of considerable excitement from the hour of Napoleon's landing at Frejus in tlie previous March. The funds — the unerring barometer of the fluctuations of prosperity and advcr.sity, in all well-regulated commercial countries— now rose or fell with every report according to its sinister or cheering character. After the llcstoration in 1814, a great deal of money hud been vested in the French funds by English people, and on the chances of peace or war depended the integrity of their property. Much anxiety, therefore, prevailed. As the news arrived of Napoleon's arlvance into the Netherlands, the mercury of tiie commercinl baroinctor foil, and a perfect .stagnation of business succeeded to the most active speculation. But the news of the fight at Quatre Bras revived the hopes of the jobbers, and when the horns of tlie itinerant vemlors of "Extraordinary Gazette.'," proclaimed a great victory at Waterloo, with nil tlu! cx:i'r;5 ration cupidity could supply, the funds rose very con('iJer;i!)!y.' 1 Tlio :i per i-mU Cciwoln fi-U from Co', to iiS?, wlioii Nupolooii returned, in March, l)ul every yiiil ol'SiDCk Mso nl Iho itkI of Jiiiip. 1815.] PARLIAMENTARY GRAOT. 57 W'ell has the eloaupnf \t . '' ^« one who wa! tilt "^"■'"^°-- «an ever forget tl.A «,>♦ *" ^°*'' *" anderstand whif «,„ f '" «'«'l.ngs which covered tho 1a. lZ ,""■ """'"S" ».. read i„ Zu °" ''•""'M'l-Med - - ^eit tie 5iuii« contidence in 08 LIFK OF lllB DUKE OF WELLINGTON", [I8T6. him, and the iuestMiiablc value of tliat coininaiidcr whose life was en- trusted to their defence. Altliough honour was the best reward for Buch distinguished services, yet, as tlie Duke of Wellington liad already reached the climax of human honour, the House had no way to show its gratitude but by a grant of money. The conduct of the British array in all its parts had never been su lassed by any other troops. As to the opinions, however, which he entertained about the justice of the war, they rested upon principles which could not be altered by the accidental eircumstunces of victory or defeat. The thanks of both Houses were afterwards voted to the Duke of Wellington, and to many officers of distinction in his army, and to Marshal Prince Bldcher, and the allied troops under the Duke's command. On this occasion, Earl Bathuvst, on moving the thanks in the House of Lords, said, '• he was aware that their lordships must be eager to discliarge the debt of gratitude to the Duke, who had now so gloriously relieved tliem from the anxiety which all must have felt for some time past. The campaign wis begun by Bonaparte himself. He had not, for this time at least, to accuse the seasons, nor tlie de- fection of those from whom he expected support. He could not say that he was obliged to commence the battle by those to wiioso mea- sures he was compelled to yield, contrary to his own better judgment. It was completely his own act and choice. Under these circumstances he had failed. His attacks were repulsed ; the order was reversed — he was attacked in his turn. His boasted genius shrunk under the ascendancy of a mightier genius, and the result was, the complete overthrow of the French army. An achievement of such magnitude could not bo performed without great loss. It had been wisely or- dained by Providence that we should taste neither of joy nor of gritf unmixed ; and tlie pain at which this victory was gained must teach um to check our exultation." In the House of Commons Lord Castlcreagh prefaced his motion for a vote of thanks by observing " that it would be confessed tliat whatever the former fame of the Duke of Wellington might have been, yet, in all the various occurrences of his life — m all those great achievements whicli he had perfoi ued, and which had called for the thanks of the House, ho had never befor,! attaijred to a heiglit (if glory like iho present. And, in all the grwit rvonts waioh ho had been engaged in, and those scenes that ho had wituosdcd, it had never before fallen to the lot of the illustrious commander to render BO great a service to his country, so extensive a benefit to t!ie world. There was in the present victory an acknowledged pre-eminence over 1815.] ail tli 59 VOTE OP t;/axks, "" (lloSG tij It J|.|,7 Civ;i;s»,l _, , ..' ^'""'' ••"■0 hiHUnl ,m ,.ll .,._ . , '" IlKci-fst.s of (|,Q nn idea adcf]uate o'vili^ed work], it was al up ill VISCOU.Vl. ClSl-LEMAGH. '" '^' "''^S-nfudo and importance TJ • • F°v.ou.sl^ to tho lato fa v v '"■'""" "' ^''^ '^"-'J anny >--"-g to impute bla.no, or o L s '"''■"' ""' ''^^ -i^'- I "'"«* ^«ay tl,at the eircun stance oT ""' "^"'"'^ "^ ^-^^un-ty I e more convenient obtai.nnont of ? '''^^''''^''t'on of fo,e., J J''-^'-';' lino of troop. Ur^^t r" '" "' ^-^-" -^ ;-- - ot country at the I I' If Mi LIFE OF THE DUKE OP WELLINGTON. [1816. mercy of the enemy, who might have made use of such a lapse for the most important ends ; and, therefore, not imputing any neglect of preparation to the commanders, it must be evident that the attack- ing array would have tlio advantage. With such a force on the frontiers of trance, it was with Bonaparte a great object to attack it in some pow(Mful point, before the combined powers were all per- fectly ready for operations ; and accordingly he had acted witli all the decision of character and encr;.;}' of mind that ho was known to pos sess ; and as suuu as ho could leave Paris ho joined his army, and, directuig it to the north, commenced his operations. In considering the nature and < xSent of the forces engaged, ho must observe, that of the ten co)-2)s 'farmec which Fiance possessed, the five which were complete were unltad under Bonaparte, together with his guard and other cavalry. These troops hud certainly maintained their ancient character : and, one feature of the victory was, that it had been gained over the best troops of France, and that, too, at a moment when they displayed all tiieli anlour, and when their conduct even surpassed all that they had before yiertormed." A motion being afterwards made by Lord Castlereagh for an ad- dress ic- ibe Prince Regent, that he would bo pleased to give direc- tions for a national monument in honour of the victory at Waterloo, and in commemoration of those who gloriously fell in achieving it, the same was unanimously agreed to. The Duke of York, the Conimander-in-Ciiief of the British 4rmy, always prompt to the expression of merited commendation, wrote to the Duke of Wellington on the 2l8t of June, in reply to the despatch of the 19th, describing the battle of Waterloo : — "HoBSE-GuiKDS, 21st June, 1815. " My LonD Duke, " I have to acknowledge the receipt of your Grace's de- spatch «f the 19th instant, conveying a report of the military opera- tions up to that date. '• Marked and disfi!ij:iiished as thcsr operations have been by the jrlorion- and important victory gained over the French army on the I8lh instant, I have infinite f.leasure in communicating to your Grace the high feeling of satisfaction and approbation with whicli tiie Prince BvjEri.t kt.t> ficwta the conduct of the troops upon this ■»emt.r»ble <»eea«ion. No language can do justice to the sense his Boyal Higlmess entertains of that distinguished merit, whicii has even surpassed all former ia«rtanees of their characteristic firmness and discipline ; ■Hnir ■» to AauB tikak your Grace will also accept 1815.] THANKS OF THE PRINCE REGENT. 61 dered their g.atofuf country ' "' """" "''°^ *^^^ '-ve reu- and 'r ZJ:^!:::!^^ -i;;^- o^nlo„ or .. P..la„ „„.o. the Prince Regent forTe In". "''"'='' "^^° ^■"^"'»'<^d from ea«.o by Prince Bl , er a S e /'""" ""'"^'^ *" ^'^ -""""n Tbe triumph of succes cannot ' .? «™^ ""dor his command, by all for the loss of the nZ IZVl "="' "'"''''^ "'-* ^« f<^'' attended th. accomplisle; L n ° ^'''' ^''"'''' '''^^ ""avoidably f<="la- plore the fa l! T /' ^'"'' ''°'"''^'«"'ent ; and I par- Major-u.^ialSirW.P no„^;"'""'-^^°^^^^ «'^ ^- ^-ton nd " FiiEDEuicK, Commander-in-ChiefP And Lord Bathurst, Secr-'tarv nf W j , tbree days afterwards:! ^ ^^"' '^"^ '''° Colonies, wrote " My Lord, "^^^^ D"ar™knt, Undo., 24(A ./„„,, ]8,5. tlio PrincJo^"wrtirf '; ?'""' '° ''""^'^^ *° G--«l H. R. H cnced in oh ervi'Ta T^"" f , '''•"""' ^^^^^ ''- -P^^^" Highness has giferan ea ,1 ""' '° ""' ""^ 18th, his Ro^^l which his ancesf s Iv bee's "^r 1 ''"'! "''''^^^' ^'^'^^^ '- ding his blood in the defence of rMH ', ".' ^' '^ '"^'^ «''^^- union of tl,e people with e H '1 ' n "''' ^" '"^ ^""™*^'^ «" scns.ble of the n,eritorious services ^L.I^T^'^'''' '' ^''''y -1.0 had the command of the ^ 1 ^ t^t 8t, f '' ''^'''''' to desire you will communicate i. I • 7 , , .'^"'' '"'d commands me -est gracious acceptance"; ttm ''''' ''' '"'''^' ^'S'^''-'^ 1"« Majesty's forces upon L? I ^ '"' ^^''^'^''^ ^" «"»"»and of high ap^roLtionof tL'pri :i::r ?r n''"^^^ °''""'°^ '''° to communicate to the general oSbi,^,"-'''"^^^ ^"" '^ ^^^''-'^ exertions ; and your Gra^ce will ZZ t^lT TT' °' ^'"'^ aru.yat large the high approbation Viwch t'hep"";'^ '"'^ has viewed the excellent conduct and ll^tS:^^:,^''' 02 LIFE OF THE DUKE OP WELLmoTON. [1818 nil ranks and descriptions of tho troops serving under your Oruco'a cuniniiind. " His Royal Iligliiiess oonmmnds me on no account to omit cxprcss- iTig his deep regret on receiving so long a list of officers and nuMi who liiive fallen or been severely wounded in tho actions of tho l(Jth and 18th instant ; and the Prince Regent particularly laments tho loss of such highly distinguished officers, as Lieuteuant-Geuerul Sir T. Picton and Major-General Sir W. Ponsonby. "It cannot be expected that such desperate conflicts should bo encountered, and so transcendent a victory be attained, without con- siderable loss. The chance of war must at times expose armies under tho ablest comuu-nders to great casualties, without any adequate advantage to bo derived in return. But whoever contemplates the immediate effi^cts and the probable results of the battles fought upon tho 10th and 18th instant, cannot but think that, although on the lists of Jdlled and wounded several of his Majesty's most ap})roved officers are unfortunately inscribed, many endeared to your Grace, and whose names have become familiar to the country by their distin- guished services in the Peninsula ; the loss, however severe, and how- ever to be lamented, bears but a small proportion to tiio magnitude of the victory which bus been achieved, and which has exalted the mill- tary glory of the country— has protected from invasion and .spoil tho territory of his Majesty's ally, the King of tho Netherlands— and has opened the fairest prospect of placing on a lasting foundation the peace aud liberties of Europe. " I Lave the lionour to be, &c., " Batiiurst." Besides the foregoing tribute to the Duke's worth and ability, the Duke of York wrote to him a letter, dated 23rd of June, desirinir'him to recommend certain officers for the third class of the Order o^f tho Bath.' The Duke acknowledged tho compliment, and named the de- serving. His Grace at tho same time suggested some modifications of the Order, and asked for some consideration for tho captains of the army. '• I confess that I do not concur in the limitation of the Order to field Officer,s. 5Iany captains in the army conduct tiiemselves in n very meritorious manner, and ,deserve it, and 1 never could see the reason for excluding them from the Order or the medal." 1 Down to .I.miiary, ISLi, nil olllccM honoufwl wilh the mililary Onler of the ll.nlh were c.altal Ki.i,ihl3 Couiimnions, <,r Kpii.,-!,!,, .,f Uio liuth. lii ll,„t nionlh and year a slalule was i.a.s.,e.l Al Vldiiig tlio Order ii!!o Ihreo classes, C!.U., K.C.B., and G.C.Ii, ' ii I r^< -«r K-:^^ lair,.} Tho E issuo of liis pi'iiicl ■■ I WOl cxpodiciK fi'i.i.".! ill liUVf tilu ODiiecnis, il ^ " W.„i„,,..,,, ,.,.j ,J 1- e„„n..,na.n. In re f r'?'''' ''"?'''"'"^ -■-•>' ^•''- of ^in.t,.eTw.:j';.";; ;;';•;;;: '7;^ I'n-nco K..,..,,t and Duke of York ^1? '"■'■"""'" "*' '''° l-"-t ,l,e naan.sion and ..f.-.te of Sr I, iV"""'' ""^■' '' ''"- to Le held hy Wellin^on -Lud l,L 1 • ^"''"'''"'^■^''•Vo were pureha.ed, a trieoiouri «a, i" Z': r^; ^^;:;'. ;:7 'l^ '"^ "T^'"'^ of June in every ye.r \ nun- ,1 , ■""''' "" *''" '«''' W.n given to an estate of. ,1 "'f'\ l"'^'''onee would have ' .^■rall,liH,l*,.v,3 h ,iiu„lo,l about .ix ,m,l a Inir ,„;i .. „ „ wn.cr, near whld, ,„e ,na,„i,„. i, ,i,„„„, ,^,„ ' / '! ? ;;";;'""' """ various »he«,a ,.f ■"■"■""""■•^•J, «eo,n,s to Have boe,, „„ old ton,, .i„ • ' "^ **"■"''" '" " '■" '"""'lly r"^-^'"<- ^' ^">-. n,„ ...0, .n^™,: ^^7," "'1-^"" "^ '--' «-""a witil '-■-"M of iu o„„„„,,„„a ,i,b ,„H „„..„,,",,,'''■""'' "-•><"""«'. .ma so,„o "^">«" -'-^ • u, be ,iv,.,i,v:,\ :,;""" '" ^^■'"■^- -""^ """"^™ -r ^- the ,bn. or ni.ba.. „. .o ,bo M!!: "^ , , r '" •"" "^"■^'"«™"'-- »'." ho,., U P"l, .-m >ma.. .,, oa. ..Mea tbo^'Mi i;:!!;^:^;^-^::': ,.- ^™'' - "^^ "•■'.■Ml inuj aL K^irutimoiilsayo is very IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 : hi 12.0 U 11.6 Photograiiric ^Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRin WIBSTIR.N.Y. MSM (7!6)S72-4S03 // // ^>. S? ^CT ^ ^^ ■o^ Cn V ^\ ;\ '<^ 9i LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, [1815. times, that it required tlio greatest frugality to prevent an annual loss upon tlie,« nnfcro,I-l,|, revenge being nlgh- Ho bade .be wrong ,y, ^ ,ho ui,plea,u« rty." to be made in so.«e of tl.o rnnr. fin . ' '"^ "'"■''"'' excavations stripped the brid^ "oV ^ 1 ^ ' n";" -''" «-P-v^-, ""d i"'P"«edupo„theeitya«uliiarvr. •. ' """° *""°' ^^'''•'''er of franco, and thre Id t "j^r M "'"" "^ °"" ''"'"''•^'^ '"'"-"« four hou s, ho wo W e.ul a 00 r 'n '*"" ^'"'^ ^"^'^ ^^'"'"' '--''J" xnerehant^to pri ; ^n r: 7 • "'"'" ^' ^''° ''""'^*'- »'^ actually arrested two oi .e „i." ')' rT''^ '^ ^'''«'' '"euaco, he their houses I P""'"^''' ^'*"''«". by placing guard^ ia ra't:::rrof:: st:^rwrr ^^"^' ^'-"- following letter to the JIursLl .l m ^^ •'""'°'"^"' ''« "JJ-'e-sod the ever peld n.ore my"]:!:^ ZJZ:';:!^'^ '''' '' -- .eliea,, and his r^ard .r ':^Z.:^:r :::!:' ^^ "TO MARSHAL PRINCE BLUCHER VOL. 11. ^■" -*ne'«eaau tms moraiug, vit, 68 LIFE OF TIIK DUKK OF WKLLlXflTOX. [1818. the (Ii'stniction "f tlm bri.ljro of Ji'iia. ami tli.. levy of I'm rnutrH>iition of onc! Iinmln-il iiiillioiin of francs upaii tlio city ..f I';iri« avp-iir to 11,,' to 1m! .-■(> ii'ipottiii.t to tlic- !.l!i.<4 ill p.'iicnil. fli it T 'k is, that the execution of tho orders given for tlio destructi.m of the bridi^e may bo .suspended till the Sovereigns shall arrive here. when, if it slicuild be agreed by common accord that tl»0 bridgo ought to be destroyed. I shall have no objeetimi. '■In rcu'aid to the contribution br ' tho city of Paris. T nin con- vinced that y(mr Highness will ac.,i of any desire to dispute tho claim of tho Pru.ssiaii army to any advantage which can bo dcrivca from its bravery «ud exertions, and services to the cause ; but it ap- pears to mo tiiat tho allies v.lll c nitciid that one party to a general alliance ought not to derive all the benefit resulting fnuu tlie opera- tions of the armies. Kveii supposing tho allies should be inclined to concede ihis 'loint to the Prussian army, they will contend for tho right of considering the 4Ucstiou whether France ought or ought not to"bo called upon '.o make tliii pecuniary .sacrifice, and for that of making the concession to the Prussian army, if it should bo expedient to make it. '■The lew and application of this contribution ought, then, to be a matter for "the consideration and decision of all tlio allies ; and in this point of view it is that I entreat your liighncss to defer tho measures for the levy of it till the Sovereigns shall have arrived. '■Since I have had the hap;/iness of acting in concert with your Highness and the bra\e army under your command, all matters havo beim carried mi by cunuion necoid. and with a degree of lianiiony m.parulleled in .-imilur circumstances, much to the public advantage. \Vljat I now n.sk is, uot tho dcrclictiou of your lueaaurcs, but tUs 1S16.J TllH ANS\Vi;ii T,j CALUMNV. 07 .-ki,.: ;L::'!,.l;:::""' '^^ "'■'"'^-'' "" «--" ^^ ti. ...otivc .. Yet clKl ,.,.t tho D,.ke escape cnl.nnny. Ho was assailod vi,.,.K...,Iv t .„.pt.a . ..s,r.a.ti..„ 1.0 would l.avo found tl.at ,l.o 1 d.d not .!..s..no t .0 reproach levollcd at i.in,. Ho attrilmt.d ,!. ,! F.l^"^"H"h: n t'V'"^^-''."^^"^ "'^"' "^- »■'-''''•!« F^pio. If. ho addod, '• the n.justico which yoii have d-oic „„. ;„ pur letter should havo tho cfi;.,. of iudueini you wV caut.ous and reflective before ,ou accuse a puhlij nnn o„ a /f u occaMou that n.ay present itself, I forgive you the present wronJ- it 03 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1816. CHAPTER VI. The Second Rcslornlloii-Coiulemnatlnn of PolUli'iil (i(r>-iKli'rriine Minister, was to dismiss from the Chamber of Peers all those wiio had aceopted seats in (he Chanibcr recently established by Napoleon. In this act of dismissal were eomprchcndcil Marshals the Dukes of Elehingen, Albufera (Suehet), Cornegliano, and Treviso (Mortirr). This was followed by a decree, dated 21th of July, directing that the generals and ollieers who Ixfiiu/nl Ilia l.iirj; before the 2.1rJ of March, or who attacked Franco and tho Govern- ment with f(n-ce and arms, and those who, by violence, gained possess- ion of power, should bo arrested and brought before eomjietent courts-martial in their respective divisions. Amongst the officers included in this decree were Marshals Ney and Grouchy. Colonel La- bedoyere, (Jenerals Drouet d'Erlon, Clauscl, Laborde, Cainbronne, and Lavaletto. By the same decree numbers were banished Paris, and ordpred into the interior of France, tlicto to await until the Chambers should decide which of them ought to depart the kingdom, or be de- livered up to prosecution. Soult, Excelmans, Carnot, Vandamme, and llegnanlt de St. Jean d'Angely were included in the cightandthirty thus exiled. Of those who were ordered to bo arrested and brought to trial. Colonel LabcdoyiVe and Marshal Ne> were found guilty and shot to death. The circumstance created a great scn.sation in Paris and in England, for the character of Ney for courage and soldiership— a character which ho maintained to tho latest hour of his life— had created a great deal of sympathy in his favour. The Bourbons were denounced in France and in England for a want of humanity, and much obloijuy was cast upon the Duke of Wellington for ab- staining from an int^ference in Noy's lichalf '• Tho bharo of the Duke of W^ellington in that lamentable butchery, if it reflect no discredit on biui, certainly cannot bo told to his honour." So spake tsj.-,j THK DL-IvK ASD MAIWUaL NI;v. 71 "-♦••V of a po,.t cap,.!,... ^ZmJ V^:"^ '''•" '^'"' ♦'■■•'"'- - •!•"" ronton „,., /ommonZ.s ' Vl 1 7 '"'"'-"P''^''" -„«„.. «« a statesman abhorri,,,. tl.o a^ ' J ;',' "'r^7 '" '"^''^ "•'""' '"' -, foot to savo the pcr0.1iou 5 ll '" r" r"'^- '""^•'' '-"' " been cxccutcl for .lo.s..rtion o ny 7, ''';"''^'' ■^''''''•-■-^'''' ''■"' N«y boon .pnrn... Tb. Marl Tc 2 "^ T '"'"' ""'^''--' ''••"> tbat could bo eoncoiv...! [r7.al t r^J" '""■''"" ""'^ ""-' "■^'''''^^' approacbodXapoleo,, ....cv's'dl ",'''' '"'^ bead" wben bo bis procla„.a(ion to fl,.. troop, at Tnn , „ '' ''''""S '" readin;. pel od by circunsta....... ' , '^f 1- f^ '" S'^"''-. but bo was inr bo bad no fixed pri„elp!.s ; t . T" '^^ '^ " ^""'■^'«'''°" »''«* over to offer u. tb./ .ocJ V I ^ J r,T\'" •'•"''■"^•''''°» ^'-^^ -idoncc, tbat if bat.Ie . d bee " " f 't' °" *''« «'^-cst ;^''b bis corps, cM.count.red 1 reLf^ ;% " ^^"P'" -ben Ney, troops migbt bavo ro.:uncd aiU fd ! ,, "r""'' "" ^" ''•"'-' "- ""afon defeated cvcry.l.in. " t 1 o' ""°' ^"' *''" P'"'''--'- tbat proclamation J.ave beo„ air „dv '""""'" '"'"""''•^J ^-"^ a"^ candid Englisbn.a,,, rec Hi .Itifo ^"' •" *" *''° '•'-"**^^'-- <^'='« fi'xltless of all tbo blood of •'"••'"■nstanccs, bold Ney B'-asand Waterloo? Would „n7«T/'"''r" 'P"' «* Q""t'-o betray bis Queen, „„d eons^n. 2 If "^^"^ '^'^ '"'»''' ^''"-^ -, bo deemed ;ort!,y of Lt "^T '" "" '" '"""" "^ -renmdo to save xVey; bVpersIf r "'.''"*-'^- ^ -'^'"'-V efforts Wellington of Madam / Nov •Tl"''/?'"" *'^ ^''-' '^"'^^ "^ a->totho Prince Ro,e„trkirt^ ?, ''" """^'^ ■" ''--' «-bng. Ney himseff made t aled to ""^ """ '^'""P"'^ ""■ s..Id.erwbobad defeatod bim at O.T i, ° ge"ero.sity „f tbo at Waterloo; bis letter clall ^ ^^'■'''' "'"' ^"^'«" bim back 'Military Con'vention « >a if ^7 °" "'° ^f '' ^^ <» «^--' in ^olJier-like appeal. T at clau !? ™°? °' '^ ''^'^^«'-'"^« 'ban a f"un..ta,.« Iho l„.or,.r«.a,i..n ,m. l.y .l.o ....koof WoUin.„m upon .he cl»u«, ...c fo:...«i„, leU.r fm.. F.rl IKKhur,. ...,M Imvo r.-m .1 .U a,u. «..»• «.™ uL l..>l-»d "ixm the n,.k« .ho o.,ll«u.lu„, a. a good a.,,! l»y»l ."••J..'', of con.l..«ln, to ... «lUi parfcct nculrullly In the m«ll«r J— -FROM EARL BATHUBST TO TUE DUKE uF WELLINGTON. " DowHWO 8tm«T, 7«* Jul), 181 J. '**'' ^''''u.hoagh your Grace ha, rtaled dl».lnc.ly ...at the c«,.vonllon en.ered In.,, by yuu ™i Marshal Prh.ce Ulucher on .he ono hand, and certain French anthorltlo. on the ... .r :^„,.?rd ....«..., «h.lo it decide,. ,>„ .h., .ni.i.ary ......Ions had •'-.--. ri.lca.-, and al.ho,mh It cannot be l,n,«ln..l tha^ In n cmven.lon ne«o,ia.ed whh .1, - r^ hor 1« ly Prince Ulucher and your Gn.ce, you would c.er In.o any engagement when... . I r^« pl..n.i that hi,m,...:i.rU..an M^e.-v wa, ah,o.uU.y precluded m„« ....... Verci^orhlH a...hori.y,in brin..,,. .o cad.^t p....i..,ne„t ,«ch o'^^^^^^l^^^'^ ,he.r.rca«n»Mcmuchina..on, an.l ..nprovok^l r...,e.li...^ forfeUed all cla .n, ,o . ]. Cemencv and forbearance; ye.. In onlcr tlmt no doubt .hall bo e„.er.....e.i a, .> ^ ^ ^ wl.h Which thU article bo cowldered by U.o Prince Uogen., in co,.vo>,... ..-».« rpproratiou of the co,.ve.U|p.s t a.n com.aan.led to ..a.e .hat -:. Royal ...gh..c.«dc..,a, « wemie of It to be bih., only on the conduct of the Br, . and Pru.«ian co,n,«n .d.^ ;:!" ouna-uier. of .uch of the al.ie. M .nay becom. parti- to ">;^P~;-""""' "^ 111.'. I s'-orxtrioN .„•• r,,,; ,,o,rvH^: 73 "'•''.I'f. lltM? ,f.,|,.,l f,. ,, . r'!"'-'-" ''-i'tTK;..:'";'r -"-"p-^''- ^:...i^ all .1.., «.„,.,. .,f ,.,, , .t , : :,vr 1 '^•r "^ •>"' Nv.i...r. ■' ^^ "'-t "I-. .1... , f'ZL :; , " r "'"''• "• ' '^'■••••- ""• •■'T.-.nta,iv.. of F'n. r I. 'T I""' ""•■^''"' '"-'-, a. •'"7i"AC....he Kin,.,..,.': ' ,,'';^ : , "7' "• "'" -'rk. ..f'„rt ;r ' 7 "■". •'-.. n...... ^; r J " r'\'::"'^ '•-^' "p- i'"'>^- i«v. ..I,M-,us l^vi,,;; |„,,.„ „, ,,, ' "■'^'"'- "i" K.-,^' of Vrussux. ^^•'•''••'^•'•''«-lt.l.atitL ' ^'^f'''' '^--'- "- i>..ko of 'f ""• Kin, of „,e X.M,o..I,: ^ ! . 'l^; '" I'?;"' "'='^ '" "'« -ent "'" «".I<^ ..f art i„ ,|,e j,.,,,,, " '" ''"'^' "' ''••"-i^' l-in^allowo,! 'l-.sti,.,. ro ....lain. .n,.I , : ; ''rV'''"'r ''""■"•^"■'' '" "'- '-' el" ...an.s ,,.,„g „,,,„^,j eo/ t . ;" '" ^''V'^" «-'-n,ontioncd '"""""f " . !I..Tie.s ,v„s incvi ' , ■""'""' """ ""•• '''■— '^"••i'-t inn ..,,,„.,, ,„s,u., . ■ ,"^ •""■'""■'• '''^''-i'-ns o,. t|,o ;i'-''>fv''^i^«;:r:;;i::::;:;i^ :; I'roi., (I,., |)„Ke of l{i..|„,|i,. , ,„. , , ' '^""•' -^'"iisf,.!- of I.V,„K.e J>nnc,palo«i,.„rof f|..(}ov.rnmo,. L , ; ■'■'"^ '" ^"•"^" (^''o ^-t deal of di,eu,sio,. r T f ''" *^'"'' -^^'•^) A t'.at there appeared to ' eJ ' ;' "'""^''f'. "'''«" I>-°» fo-'d galleries 30,, „„,,st A,^. ,|,e,„ . Til .n [ ^',"' '"' *° '"^^° ^^'^ g"ard wa., i„nMedia.,.lv niaeod ov r h' " ''"'''*'""' «"'J » sequence of tl.e onV...,w' ■ °- ' "''"-''' «•'''•« clai.nnd :.. o^^ u LIFE OF THK DUKK OF WELUN(JTOX. [1816. Not1.orln..co cuukc.I ..xtraordinary e»c.tr,ncnt m l>..ri. Tin, bilt.r liatrcd of tl.c I'r. .m ».)' U'O Frcu-l. np,.care.l to »,., HU,orcea«d by .Ik, virulence wl.icl. nnuifoHtcd i.-.-lf n, a few l.o«r« „.,Hinlt .1.., Kn,li.l. on tl.U occaMo... us .l.u HuppoHcd au.l.orn of U. h formidable blow to ti.o vanity and .xuUu.i,.,. by wbnh tl.o l-rom.U l,„.l alwavH b..cn actuated with rcnpect to tl.e.o poHscHMonH ; and tl.o Duko of Wollin^ton. who. as appears fn..u the above «'««;-•■; "J^* ,0 have b-,-n perfectly i-'oe.nt of any npontancoUH assault upon the j r... boea .0 the subject of the .nont unmcaH-red and opprobr ou, nv ctive. From this unmerited and painful position the 1 uko could ;:;:; IL.ant l... relieved hiu^elf, and have tran.forred the ury whi-h be wan expo.s.d to the real instigators of the i»«vemcn , .f ho :;;; ch!.e„ to .L tl. fact, that LouiH XVIII had falHiflod h. word hy firnt voluntarily pr..misinK in part to den.ol.«h the gal ler.eM, and 1 en practically ..,,lin« the execution of that pronnnc ; but U needed L one-.enth pari of the penetration and sagacity of the Duke of AVellinirton to enable him clearly to forcHco what would have been the cffeci upon the interests of that n.onarch and hm crown, and probably up'm all Europe, if in the then excited ntute of Parm. «uch a dL.l.,sure had been .nade. Hero, then, i. another extraordinary instance, in which private feeling and personal u.tcrest were nobly H„eriliecd by this high n.inded n.an, in the fa.tb ul and .mrepld discharge of what be felt to be bin paramount duty to the general interests of those for and with whom he was called upon to act. , Tl... r.».U.r I, reftrre-l ... A,.pe..dlx I.., for ll.e Duk.'. exi-lana.lon of 0.1. nm.Ir .« (ha Ilrltl>li Miiil'lry. Ills] TIIK AltMV OK WCI'I-ATION. u CUAFirM Vlf. WMl lh« liuke r«iu„.. to K,^,„^, '"'"-The tm,; l,N.k, up, Ytl'om of November, 181.-, aftor Hgrcatdcnlofprotooolli,.^,„,.,i„,., and «o,.K.t,„H.. ,„,^.ry di.eu.s.ionH, «''0 A hod I Wm „.„de a troa,; w.ththo Frond. Ki„;r,s.>„Ii„,,„,„ future I.mi,., of e,,Ki,,.do„;de. fi"»'« tI,o co,„p,,„«,j,„. ,,;,„^.^ w«« .0 „mko for tl.o e.x,,..„..e. of t '0 o,.g „.,.r, „„a „„, ,. 'fl'ctodo„d.ll,.ents.afo. during t>oUovoIution,and«xi,.;rtlu,,su„.: «l.cwa8top„yfortl.o.n,un,„„a,.co of an a Led nuuy i„ ,|.e different Frond, fortresses for the period of posed upo.. tho nation did not fall .iJ^.T" ^'"' ^"•■""-'" "'"« i"" u terrible pressure „po„ the ,.d t^ f ir"'^"'""'"-^ ""-"^""«- tl- country for ...an, ,o„rs i plpl r'''° "f "^"^•"^ "^ cupafon of the fortresses w„s Soo' /''*' ""'^'J «>•"•>• in oo- Plenipotentiury of the four Trl n f °"^' "'"^ *''« ''*»'""i''tcr8 ^i'ouUi be ph Jd under t.-rrnld^f^I^S'?;';;. 'T ''""^ Iho state pnnn« :« „i,:,.i, ,■ . . " -l'uko oi Wellington tj^u^ot. L so ii:tt!:r irzs^^f -f ^ •- of h.8Graeocau bo oou.pleto without it 'n.„ V "° ^'"5'"-''l'''y Bamo thuo a remarkable speei.nen of d jL I ""'"'"' '^ "' *''« de Riehelieu-the grand nepl.e^ of hi f '" ''"'"''''■ ^''° ^"J^" P'-ne Minister of^F.-aneeTt t t^ T.T'''"'-''''^ "'« patnotio fervour to obtain for Lis countrv I. •'"^ '*''"^e'^'^ '''""^ "'8 touutry the complete restoration of 19 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINOTON'. II81B her power and position, and tlio departure of the whole of the foreign troops. Sound policy, however, dictated to the allies an adherence to the plan they had elmlked out, and it was considered a great act of clemency that 5i5O,00O of the troops, then in the French territories, should be withdrawn, and that some of the posts, such as Condt.', Girct, and Charlemont, and the forts of Joux and Ecluso should not bo included in the territorial cession. Another point yielded to tho earnest entreaties of the Duke de llichelieu, was the diminution of tho tribute by one hundred millions of francs. The following is the paper, in which tho arrangement of tho command of the allied armies was notified to tho Duke do llichelieu : "TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE DUKE DE RICHELIEU. " The Allied Sovereigns having confided to Marshal the Duke of Wellington the command in chief of those of their troops which, according to the 5th article of the treaty concluded this day with France, are to remain in this country during a certain number of years, the undersigned ministers, &.c., &c., &c., think it their duty to give some explanation to his Excolleney the Duke de Richelieu as to the nature and extent of the powers attached to this command. • Although chiefly guided with respect to the measure by motives tending to the safety and welfare of their subjects, by being very far from having any intention of employing their troops in aid of tho police, or of the internal administration of France, or in any manner that might compromise or interfere with the free exorciso of the royal authority in this country; the Allied Sovereigns have, however, in consideration of the high interest which they take in supporting tho power of legitimate sovereigns, promised to his most Christain Majesty to support him with their arms against every revolutionary convulsion, which might tend to overthrow by force the order of things at present established, and to menace also again the general tranquillity of Europe. They do not however dissemble, that in tho variety of forms under whieli the revolutionary spirit might again manifest itself in Franco, doubts might arise as to the nature of tho case which might call for the intervention of a foreign force ; and feeling the difiBculties of framing any instructions precisely applicable to each particular case, the Allied Sovereigns have thought it better to leave it to the tried prudence and discretion of tho Duke of Wellington to decide when, and how far, it might be advisable to employ the troops under his orders, always supposing that he would not in any case so determine without having concerted his measures 1816.] 'i'iit: DL'KIC LN PARia r» ^-■-^ '"•". to eo...o to s , f 1,1 r r"^-V''-''""^y'.avoi„ t'-'f ; H.e D..K.0 of Wellin; „ i "' ''•^.*''^°- .^"'^ ««. i" onlor to ^•■11 W. i,„portant that i,o sLo 1 J 1, ? °^ '"" "■''•angen.ont.s, it "■'""'' -y occur iu FrnL7t\l-:r'^ Y'''''^' "^ "'« --»>-^ •™lit.Hl to I.i.s n,ost CI ;i ia, Tl • '? 1 "'° ''°"'- ^"-^ Court.. ;-'"^-" a regular corrcsp ' f^' ;"- rocoivcd orders to :> provide at the ..„.« fin, Z: '.;;"' "f° "^ Wellington, and I'Vcch Government and the Ton ""/"^'™''^'-'''« one between the ^r ^"e purpose Of tr:t: t^^ r:;;^:^!'';? °^ ^''0 allied troops^ •;>un.eat,on,s which tl,e Duke ofN^ ' ! f' ^--nn.ent the com- '^'•-^! ^o '^ ; nnd „ nnnunicati I ? V 7 "? ""''■^'°" ^"^ »^- ro,u..t.o„,s which the Court of iCc^ni^^? f !'- /"ggcstions or to hiu,. The under.si,r,„„i «,,,,/„ ,^ ''' '" ^"'"r« to make lieu will readily reco,;;,; .e'r'''""^ *'*'^' ''- I>uke de Iliehe! and the same principle, wli. Iv" '"""'"'"' 'V'"' """ ^"''--''^r. -J adapting the n.ea.sure.s 1 ;, :;', T''^'^!^' '" ^-erting Franco. They carry with the, „1^^ ^ °?"'"'"" '^ '^ Part of consoling porsuaKion that. , t "m, i, 'Tj ^'"^ '''^""^'-y' *''« which France n.ay .till conU.h - :'';i:f T '^'T'""'^ "' '''-'^- a wise and paternal governn.ont „ :,. • '^'''™'""^"ary events- tranquilli.se and eoncUiate t ' i f''^ '" ' ^''"^'' ™«""'^r to from every act contrary ^, tuTt ^^ ''"' f'^'"'''^'' ^"^ '■''-•aiuing '"aintaining the public tranquillii-t ;";,;'';' • '";! °"'3' ---eel iu un.ver.al union and eonfidcL. rdic ^ 'tS '" '"''-''^'"'^'-l^ing proceodn.gs of the government cm, r V ';-.?''\^"' """''' «'^ ^''O tl.e pdnful necessity of i,av ^^ " JV '""*^' ^"^^•^''^ ^°- case of any new convulsion ^vmld 1 T "'*'*'''«"re.s which, in by n.e duty of providing i::^^.^:^^''' ''^'^^''^^ '" ^^-m gene.-al tranquillity of Europe U "'"' '"^•''^'='«' "^"^^ ^Lo "The uuder..igned have tlu, honour, &o. "MErri;RMCH. " C.APO D'lsTUlA." Tl,e four names will bo fan.iliar to the reader ^T .n • , astute minister of Au.stria •.>„) .1 . , / *^'ottern,ch was tUc "f the monarchical p dn . t "' f" ""^' "'^^^ "P'-l<^cr Castlereagh we i.v! .r' ,",;'" V'"'^ "T" ^^ ^^^ wonted the Prussian C.-ow.,; He ^ f ■;'•."" Hardenberg repre- was a highlycducatod man, of 78 LIKH OF TllH UUKB OK WKLLlNcll'ON. [1815. excellent l)usine.s.s Iialit.s, iuid hud filled importiuit diplouiatio oiriccs for luuiiy years, aiul in tlio most troublous days of tlie Prussiim inmi- nrcliy. Count Capo d'lHtria, a Greek, enjoyed the confidence of the Emperor of Russia, and in all the negotiations coninion at tliis pcrioil niiioiig the Allied Poweis, sought to maintain a preponderance f->r lliissiau interests. Ten days after the Ucfinitivo Treaty with Franco had been signed, the allied armies quitted the country. The Duke of Wellington, in his capacity of Field .Marshal, bade them adieu in a complimeutary order, observing that in the late campaign they had given proofs to the world that they possessed in a rcnnirkablc degree all tlie good qualities of soldiers. Ho bore testimony to their good conduct in their camps and cantonments, as well as when engaged with the enemy on the field. The life led by the Duke of Wellington during the period of his command of the army of occupation, was peculiarly agreeable to his feelings, for it combined the claims of duty with the allurements of pleasure. The French, who at first were disposed to give vent to their mortification in caricatures of the British and puns at the expense of the Duke,' gradually become reconciled to one who never interfered with their affairs but to obtain for them some con- cession from the allies, and whoso splendid hospitalities attracted hundreds of wealthy English families to spend their fortunes in Paris. Capcfigue, a Frenchman, .ni.n s,— '■ The generalissimo resided in Paris, where he saw a good deal of Louis XVIII., and his English principles were in perfect agreement with a system of moderation and freedom. lie possessed an hoiiost and upright heart, and a habit of judging with case and simplicity of the state of events ; and we must do him the justice to say that when, on various occasions, he was constituted arbiter of tlie claims of the allies, he almost invariably gave his opinion in favour of our unfortunate country." Numerous anec- dotes are preserved of the " Duke in Paris," many of them of an apocryphal character, and some embellished or distorted according to the tancy or prejudices of the writer. It is certain that ho felt himself quite secure among a people towards whom ho entertained ' the most friendly feelings. He was accustomed to ride out every day on horseback attended by a single groom. You were sure to meet him either in the Boulevards, the Bois de Boulogne, or the Champs Elysees." lie had "a French guard at his residence, which I "Oil, Wellington— or nlainton, forfnmo Sdimds the heroic syllables both ways."— Bvron. «»I Imvo mul, iiliii vvlieii lie slopped his liorse to speuk to my companion, addressing hia 1816.] THE DUKK IN rAIUS. 79 rcniloreJ a.,y attack near his own J.ouso Lazardous Tl.« r«» a cnngrant. I.ated ti.o Engii.,. ,u heart, n.uch ZoZ S Bo wf ists, because thev found f l.» n„i. 1 1 i . iionapart- 'you lac eaten "-^"T «r''''^""'<'"'.' -'^ the Bonupartists; Li none '"^ to .ngrat.tude, of Mhieh antipathy the Bonaparti.ta '■yP'-oj'os of the French guard,' say. a recent writer- ' tl.ero was a cover for the oflicor laid every day at tl,o D 1 -' / , The restoration of Louis XVIIl. wl'l^l ^ rf. ^t posMble w.tU the absurdities of the old ti.ne' from tie Cou be,ng updor that influence, and a n^onarch, even poor old gon dibu.g Louis, was a Dku viortd \n their eves or nil nM to esteen. hin, so. The late King of vZIT^, 11 • ^ m^ ^nco, as the Count de Ruppin. The Duke of Welling nn^d he kn.g.cou.t to dn.ner. Louis XVIII. invited hin.self to n et h>„,. (.,ve,.s were h.id for six only. A sort of .,..,.1^ / enu;dr. Ou beni.-r fold that six covers were hiid if T , i ! r^l.iy.thoi),.ke.W.e...,ieu and Sir ^^:Z^[LT:Z k.n.s and the Duke, n.ade up five of the partyl" Wh '' Z ofl...ous olheial a.sked-'- who is the sixth coveJ for? I L ^ ..ounc. .t to . n,ost Christian Maiesty." He was told it " Z e officer of the guard, a French captain. He at once decl r^ tin the IO„g could not dine that way, with a subject in such a st.t on |t was contrary to all rule-all eti,uette. Th'e Duke of U^ltl,' was appealed to, who replied he could not alter the rule of h house and have h>s table changed; that he was a soldier bin self tI offical went back to the Tuileries, and n.ade his ^t ' Tl.l then attempted to prevent the King from going, but Louis caiej famlllarlj by hU Chrialian name 'Bob.' Except an occi.iomi ' rn,l-i„.„ ,. r Frenchman, spokon ollcn in Uio «nmp .n„„ . """=""'""'" '-odHiem !• from some lowcMlass -P.ainu r bave ... b.^^b.^rr "Z Z^^. 'T ~ '' Mvouringofthedri..; bis, on the whole fr..,!, i i.i ""'»«'«"='' "eforo my eyes, almost than he reaUy wa«; ,a..or,y ho ha.! .com7.o Ir "an ^ol 17™ "'"^'"^ ""'- alway, ..riktog, the upper par., above the mouth, JxTjZ^^ZJ Z '^ '"'' from tkt AVk, Monthly Magazine. excoed.ng.y fine."-" Rcmim,c«ices» 80 UVE r>K '.'IlK DUKK 01' WIOLLINOTOX. [1S16. notliiiig about tliu iimttcr, Im Haul, and shocked soiuo of hi.s oM ciinrticr.s in no slight degree — the relics of the raci! wim thdiij^lit l<'i-aiice was ruined for ever when NeckiU' came to court with MtrinjiH in place of buckles in his shoes. On the present occasion, it may he lidded that no one was more surprised than the officer of the guard hiiiisclf, to be seated at tabic so unexpectedly with two crowned heads.' " The fair Pansiemics were much captivated by the elegant manners of the Briti-sh officers ; but the Duke himself — his achievements — his martial bearing— particularly enslaved their imaginations. It is re- lated by a lady of the Court of Louis XVIII., that the Comtesse do III no sooner saw him than she became deeply enamoured of him ' Nor was she the only one whoso heart was temporarily enchainet', although, be it observed, the Duke wasted very little of his time in paying general court to the sex. Ho admired sjiirituclk women, and was often found in the company of those who enjoyed the highest rep- utation for their conversational powers ; but ho was Tiot much of a wooer. Lady Hester Stanhope gave it as her opinion that ho was '• a plain, blunt soldier, who pleased women because be was gallant, and bad some remains of beauty" (ho was now nearly forty-six) " but he bad none of the dignity of courts about him." To the honourable and friendly conduct of the Parisians towards the Duke there were two disgraceful exceptions. Upon one occasion, n quantity of gunpowder was placed in his cellar for explosion, on the occurrence of o.feie — and upon another, a miscreant named Cantillon discharged a pistol into his carriage. To Napoleon Bonaparte's eternal infamy, it is to bo remembered that when ho heard of the circum- stance, he included in ids will a bequest to this latter ruffian, who escaped the vengeance of the law.''' I Tlie anecdote, us pHbllsluHl a>mo nflocn ycnrs since, runs us follows:—" Ilis eaule-like cmiu- teiianco completely cniitivaled lier. The lady's Koyulii-t sciillmeiiis iiiiBliI certainly liav.i Mtiiw. share in this enthiuiaam ; but, bo iiiis as It may, the [loor Countess was In love. When in com- pany wllh the Duke, she slsliod and assumed all sorts of lani,niisliing airs. Slie, no rioiilil, thought it « very lino thing to have a hero for her lover. At Icnijlli a rendezvous \\as solieitwl nnd Krantod ; but its result did not npiKMir to cimvinco the lady that the Duko was Ms.,nn.s contrary lo the text of "'This clause in the Inst win of i i i '1^ "ot ..rikingfor i„ „,„,;,, „„„„;. , /'l^ "';" '«;" "'""« I"" «"«ls of Sir H-aUer ScoU) i'-vhihils. Napoleon ha, wn a i,;,., L .iv', 'T"""'"" ''"^ """"" "'»»»""'« ""'eh n-'h. or both wmnif. U bo„i „orc „ La. v„v ■ ? "^"^ "■'''"' """'' "« "»'^'""<'"' »>«"> «- r,«h,, whv complain of .l,J " h Lo ^ ™ / " """'" *"" " '««""=>•' '""''''">"« «W'»?^».,V„.. '""" tf^*"''--^''! for detalnlug him at SI. Uele,m?"'_ VOL. U. g 82 Lll'E OK THE DUKE OF WELLINGTOJf. [181« various accounts to the Allies — enough to boar down the rlclicst nation upon the face of the earth. But a stipulation was made in favour of private individuals wlinso fortunes had suffered by tlio revolutions and wars, and these having been invited to send in their claims, they poured in on every side. The payment, according to the first arrange- ment, was to bo effected by inscriptions on the great book of the public debt of Franco, and nine millions a year were set aside for that purpose. The time, however, for presenting claims was not to expire until the 28th of July, 1817, when the sum total amounted to a sum " of almost fabulous magnitude, which surpassed the value of the two budgets of France." What was to bo done, asks tho author of " The Diplomatists of Europe," under circumstances of so much difiRculty ? Russia was so f^ituated as naturally to assume tho cha- racter of a mediator, for slie had but few claims ; and tho Emperor Alexander, convinced that unless tho negotiation were carried on by an arbiter common to all parties, it would fall to the ground before tho diversity of views and opinions, proposed to intrust it to the Duko of Wellington, making, at the sanio time, a sort of appeal to his generosity. Those who trusted to the liberal chnractcr of tho Duko of Wellington, rendered justice aliko to him and to themselves. It was not in his nature to scorn a claim aildressod to his gei\(!rosity, even though, as in this case, his own pecuniar}' interests and public func- lions were likely to sustain much damage from an abridgment of tlic five years during which he liud expected to hold comni:ind. He ac- cepted the mediation. A congress of plenipotentiaries assembled at Aix-la-Chapelle, to discuss tho subject. Their delibciutions were brief France Lad kept hor engagements religiously up to this point. Order had been re-established, a'.id everything justified tho hope of a progressive consolidation of tho reposo i;nd prosperity of tho nation. It was needless — it would have been cruel — to have checked her ad- vance in ha|ipiuess by rigidly insisting upon tho observance of tlio Treaty. luliuenced by his own convictions, the arguments of Pozzo di liorgo, tho Russian plenipotentiary, and the urgent appeals of li: Due de Richelieu, the Duke of Wellington cncrgotieally adojiftv: cause of France, and procured tho assent of the allin.s t evacuation of France by the troops he commanded, and the .sciin.-.idci- of a portion of tho indemnity. France, to this hour, reniembei-.s tho great service thus rendered by the man she had been tauglit to luite. Early in November, 1818, tho Duko quitted the army of occupation after giving expression to his feelings in the following General Order : — 1818.] J^VACL'ATION OF FKANca 83 ORDER OF THE DAY. •' Fiol.l-Mursli.il tho Diiko nf \v u- t'-""P.s wl.o,., ,., ,,„ ^,,^, ,.;„"VV^ ^"^*"" ''"""°' '"''° '°^ve of ,1.0 J'--," IW.S gnuituco for t o gi; „ i;:'"';''- 'rv^'^''""' -p--<^ < f"nng tl.. ti.ne tl.oy l-nvo\l, \":''"'',''- ^''^'-guiH'.od t?.e,n t'"-eo years sinco tI,o Vllio.l Q!n " °'''^'^"- ^^ » "ow nc-.rlv -'^Jorod it „eee.s.sary to Icclp'^;! ^^f ^^ ^'"^•'' -■-"-stances Ma,c.t.o« co„„„a„de.l l.avo been Ix .iJ '"'"'"^"^ ^^''''-•'' "'«'> ««;« action, thi.s result must b I il" f •? ' T""" ^'^ ^'^ ^''^m e>d-g .teuod conduct manifested o„^,l ■■•'""' *" ^'^ prudent and '- C;eneruls connnanding i„ lllZ ,''' """ *^^-"o"cies -ve given to ti.e other glen u.d 1 ^'T' '""''"^^'^ ^^'"«'' ti.ey *''-;. -.d, lastly, to the cxc L^ M^^ "'"; -" ^'"^"^^"-'« '» vaded in the contingents " ''''"° ^^■''"■•'' ''»« ahvays pre- public connection and his n iv ! ?•""' '" f'"* ■*» "'^ to his ;".i other officers of th co ^ ? h:"'"'^ "'II/''^ -""»-^- deeply feels ,.ow agreeable tl ^se -o t „ "f T" ^'^'^''"^-^rarshal begs the Generals connnandinl , i' '"" '^"" '"^ '"'«• He *° '»^o troops under their ord^r t Is ''''^'^' '^^'^ ™ake known eeaseto take the most lively i,',-"'"''''™ """ ''"' «'"'1I never ''-;»; aud that the reni:: i; ^ tf 'ur^P''"'^' ''''^^ -^^-oncer: -:--thohonourtobeatti:^rta:'-I,C:.:-^^ "Lu.!i,e„a,„.,;,, "■■ MURIUV. The Ml- , A . """"-""^"'^ '""«'""-«'• 'he Allied Ar,ny" -, a- the King of Prussi to 1^'^'"" ''^ ^"^'"^^^ «- J>uke of Wellia,ton, created h m a F d .T\* '^°"'^ '''' ^''° ar.n,es. '^ i^ 'oId-3Iarshal of their respective APALEY HOUSE. 1 CHAPTER VIII. The Duke's return— Appointed Ma»lcr43enemt of tho Ordnance-Blrlh of Queen Victoria- Accession of George IV.-Queen Curollne-Unpopularlty of the Duko-Trial of the Queen -The Congress at Verona-Dealh of Lord Lonilonderry—Tlio Duke goes to Verona- Result of his mission. HE return of tho Diiko of Wcllingtuii to England for a porniaiieTioy was a source of very great satisfaction to many of the high- est members of tho nobility, wlio had for too long a time been denied the opportunity of testifying their regard for one of their own order who had, by a long series of tri- umphs, adorned the peerage and exalted the British character. To no one, however, was bis arrival nnn'o agi-ee:iblo than to tlio Prince llegont. who was bcgijiiiing to ffi'i tho value of the presence of a councillor ami companion who liad, thnnighout his career, given the strongest imaginable proofs of his loyalty and truth. The Duko of Wellington took up his residence at Ap.sley House In Piccadilly. He had purchased tlie mansion of his brother some 18IP.] mimr OF Ql'EKN VlCTOUfA. 85 '■«' "'oy took place i.. tI,o cli„i,„!roo, ,,.1 ""'"" "'""'""-"" ^* f"'linA' .short or.l^^^Zl^"^'"''';;'^ '" '''^''y °'' "i-^v-.s;KK.„. ''"^'-' »">""> intolerable ThoVl ^^ '•""'fe'to.-, i.llenos.s woul,l ''"'' "H7 would be ,uil J f ^rrT'- '"""'•"■'•' ^-- ■-•'-' «^ • not avail tbenK^eUvs.^n j:', J":'' . r-- "^" -'^•■'^--' -T .Lo; «J-I"ate ,„ bi, ,,,,, talents '•;;;;,: '"';'■■"" "*' ""I--'-H'o "'o.ncnt of bi.s return (Dece„.ber 8 Is/ I T .« ^'"^''^y- •'" "'« of the Ordnanee-an annol ^'^^) *''o office of Ma.ster-Goneral ♦''"' <>'■ ^-.n.:.nde.::LErr v'^'T' "l''^' "' -^l""-''ili'> io -'V.rred up. the Duke of W ,1 r!:! "'i^,f V^''V''''--''='^'''y attached to t of f;jOOO no- n "'"";°"- -I he office has a .salarv a Seeretar, at aml^^ZT' TUo "T '''''^^-^^^'^^ '^^ ^^^Z P'^'o control and .nanagenJt "fthe n? ","'"'''•"'""•' *''" -- ""J nil that relates to^it 1 ' tl ' '^•'^'■"'"'' "^ ^'^^ ■^-•V-S f'o Jignity, the tastes, and tl e ■ i ta v' T T ^''^ '''^>' ^^^'^^ ^^ 0" the 24tb of May 1810 /^ '■""'' "^''^''^'''^•'' Queen Victoria, ca„.e in ol!l;„f;r" '"V ""''■^" -"-' tf'e dignitaries and officers of ate Zf T"'''" ^'^"''' -^'"""«'^ was the Duke of Wellington tJIT '' ""^''""'" "''" -vo its influence upon'tl ' J.^\7 '"'■^7 ^'""''l ""t fail t„ ■ncreased degree of interest t ^"^''- ^^ '"'r'a't-l .•■.. after years, elsting a !!2y;J:j':^:r "'"' "'^ ^^'•""•" "" wiuch, under an, cireun.tancesj.e vo ,dt ^1""'" *'" '°-^-^'^>' oon^rred ^::zrT:^ :: r:r -' ^^^•--" - tl'e Prince to heap honours and rl 'P""'''' P'^'^'^^'^ "^ -lougati^osustained jr; 1;:;:': e T''^ ^-^^ '^''° ^'^^ ^- the chosen companion of M,7p , , '' "■■'"«. ""d was now Court Circular of tbLeJ,^,,^,r'\ ""'""^ ^•''«"- ^he ofthe Duke at Carlton PaC ^ [ 1^: t?"'"."' "^ ^''^''^ f"« presence imparted dignity even to "n T '"u"'' '^' ■^^^^ *''"' auspices of Queen CharlotTe relaxed -H r"""'' ^'^''^''' ""^•'"•- 'Lc '"onial and coldnessof pu il" tf, , >" "^ *'" '"^''^'•''^ «f ^^e- 0"' tlie reit^n of Geo, J i^, ':'"'' ." "'^^ ''i^tin^uished thm^.h- -'i»^ Early .„ tbo fi,I...ing year the D^lk f* He LIFE OF THE DUKE OK WELLlNnTOJf. [1820 received tlio nppoii.tmcnt of Coloncl-incluef of the Rifle Brigade— an nppointment of more honour than profit, and invariably held by a military officor of tlic higlu st rank.' George III. dying in 1820. the crown devolved upon the Trnice Rrgcnt, who had f<.r several years exercised the monarchical preroga- tive, and, in all but the title, was the sovereign of the country. This event was followed by the appearance in Kngland of the wife of George IV., who had for six or seven yearo been residing LORD ELDOX, and travelling abroad. She came, contrary to the advice of hor wisest and best friends, to claim the right of being crowned with her husband. It was a ftvtal piece of folly. Her life on the continent had been remarkable for its irregularity, its indiscretions and sen.suali- tics. If absolutely innocent, she had been so entirely regardless of public opinion, that guilt was generally inferred. But although narrowly watched by the emissaries of the King, she would probably have been left to pursue her mad career with impunity had she not, I The emoluments nre only 238/. 15». 6J. per annum. JN'.'O.I »..!■ ••• ''Ai^'LIM.; IX i,\,;i,AM). 8V In I'lMiiiii^f t>i Ki,..i.|, ,1 ,. • I "' ••<' .".av..i,I,.bl, ul ornu i ni ."''■"''''''•'''•■^' ''^■^•"'"^' ""^ «'"' WED UVKEPOOL. i""ocence-a„d 2x^,1 I I , ^"^''=^"'^'!° opi»!oDs as to her p'->ti..n. I' 1 rj p ::rEZ" H^ ,"" °'^^"* °^ p"^''° -*- tl'e proceedings with eourte fd " "" '"''"'^'■' "^"^ ^""^"^ted » witu courage and perseverance; but the prioeipal 88 l.lli; oi' 1111- DLKI, or WliLLLNOroN. (1821. (Mippnrtcr of tliu nioriiiK'h wiii* tlio Dikk op Wi;i.i.iN(iri)N. StaiuHiiK l»v till) Kiiit; (liis fiivmirifn cxpn'-siini) in tlic i1mii> of (lifTnMilty. ln' '-r Waterloo o^thoi.z.:!':c::^r:;;M^ -ones of .lu, various contests of tho lEth J „ S - ' • '""" t' wa« gjftcd with a Htron,, eo„.p,.he„.sion, n im "'t ' : „ '.Tf l\ ac.,ua,ntuneo with tho soionoo of war With aM -^ '7?' «reat «tru,,lo H-esh in his n.on.ory. ho roaH wh ^ W t f •'" "'° Hou«ou„.o„t particularly in„.festo,l tl. K , rJ ':"'"r "* ^nywho wan tho proudest „..„ „„ „„^ ., '!^tho K. f'"" '" upon tho battlcdehl tho story of t h t I, '\ '""^'^ n.i.htiest HoMier i„ the n.cn.o;i;f tl ''!',, •'^;.,;''^'; f »'- ••.showed how fiehls wore won- with M y-'-'-^f"'-'"'!. who KuropoforhiH auditor. ' '" ^"■""•'"^' ^"^•^'"■'"a" in Tho year 18-> .„,, the suhjoet of thi.s biography a^nin en , 1 ,. ^ verge i«oeiafr:;t;.tti:::;:t;r7'"V7 '•" --^ practieal n.ode;of Td.r^n' r ti::!^. e^i'r': ' '•"''"• '«"°^""«^ "^ "^' or political principle. TuW y to'o Hd 1 7^ ""'" '^^ '^" "'°^'^ disorder- there had hoe,. ? ^ I''»J presented a .scene of cnnfinua! ^ad, an,.d outrages and butehert d ;nS ^^l ^r ^ " ''r"'\ BO mueh strength as to render the struLle vi h tl oTt ' ' "T""'"' of exceedingly dubious issue T„ V u I, ""•""'■>" I'^'^or -;.:rj;X':.ir.:£- ;:.x--r;e. 90 LIFE OK TIIH DUKE OF WELLIXOTON. [1822. now (Icternriiicil to iiiopt at Verona, to concoct niotisuros for tlio Biipprcssicni of the liboralisin— as tliey denominated tlio rcsisttnico to tyranny — disseniinatin,!; itsoU' ovit Europe. Lord Cii.stloreiijrli, wlio had become Maniuis of Londonderry, was to represent Great Britain at the second Congress, but thft efforts ho had long made to sustain a position of responsibility rcMpiring higher intellectual powers than he possessed, had now begun to oiieratc upon him. His mind was rap- idly giving way. Tiie Duke, at one of his interviews with Lord Lon- donderry, detected tlio approach of insanity, and his impressions received a dreadful confirmation in the self-destruction of the unfor- tunate nobleman. Oii the I'itli of August, 1822, just as his physician, who was latterly in frequent attendance upon him, was entering hi.s dressing-room, Lord Londonderry fell a corpse into his arms. He had inflicted a deep and mortal wound upon himself in the carotid artery, with a small penknife he had concealed in a letter-case.' THE SIGHT HOK. OEOBOG CANNINO. The Right Hon. Goorgo Canning succeeded Lord Londonderry in 1 As Lord CuBllereimh, he had become so very unpopular, from his resistance to progrcs.'S In* Hdherence to the Interests of BbsohUo monarchy, and bla dome.-illo Toryism, thsit tlio muUllmle 1822.J THE BRONZE STATUE OF ACHILLES. 91 \Vo f ^;''V'"'°P'^''^" aucst.on at issue, I.c selected the Duke of I astucgh available. A.s ,t was agroeabJe to fleorc^e IV tliat he iUi. tanning and departed. re^t^dllJlm' "^"'^^ v'"'' "" ^"^""■^'""« ^^-'''^'-^J "t Verona ro«a dcd with anxiou,s soheitude was the state of Spain The Snanish FOI e had peren.pto.% demanded the .ealisati'n of t h ^ Z tutional prospects with whieh they had lo„-. been be.uihM ^ . sconied probable that Ferdinand /ll. would\l ^.npX^ V t.^ Sucl a compu s.on was viewed at Verona in the li,d,t' of a pol al sacnlege, and u was determined by France, with ni.^e or less , on the part of the Allied Crowns, to maintain the royal prero^a "i Spam by force o arms. When the actual inva..ion of Spain by a French army, .n support of absolutist principles, was announ ed to the world U was loudly exclaimed, that either the instru io s grvcn the Duke by Mr. Canning must have been dise'Irtr or that ho Government had been grossly inattentive to it.^ du y f aTr,"' 't^ ",\""'"°" "P"" *'" independence and liber ies' of a people. The debates in Parliament were long and violent ^.d hough those were not times of Ministerial minorities te Opposition produced some impression by their protests. The Duke defended himself by proving what could never, of so st ad.e.pl,„ar.an av. been seriously disbelieved-that i.e had fat- ally conformed to lus instructions, that those instructions included no authority to use menace, but that, as far as influence or remon ranoo could go, ho had strongly dissuaded such interference wth the affairs of the Spanish nation, and had set the difficulties of Peninsuar intervention in the fullest light from his own e.p „ee At this distance of time we can see that the affair, like many of our own day, was Hiagnified beyond its due proportions for par y purposes. It is not unreasonable to suspect thlt the Duke who l.ad no personal sympathies with Canning! and few. as yet w t'h 1 is politics, may have co-operated somewhat ungraciously with t e li erd ml 12 k" ^•=••^'-"='^^7-^-"' fr°'" '-- J-'own opinions, that he must have been opposed to the renewal of war in the Peninsul-v under e.rcumstanees like these, lie may have had verj iU e affection for Spanish patriots, and he nia; have thought tLt the :c„r i"!- ?'"• '" ""' "'■"" '"' '^""' '^'"-■' •" '^ "^"-'- '"- ^^'- the ...p.. ...„, I 02 I,iFH OF TIIK DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1823. neutrality professed by his Governiucnt would have been as truly violated, by contesting the decisions of Russia or France, as by dic- tating terms to Spain ; but his opposition to the project was doubtless exerted as cordially as his position allowed.' In this year (18-22), on tiic 18th of June, the bronzo'statue of Achilles, subscribed for by the ladies of England, between 1819 and 1821, and alluded to in a foregoing page, was erected in Hyde Park, aa a memorial of the warrior Duke. 1 Memoir of the Duke published in the Times of the Ititb September, 1853. THE TOWN OF WELLINGTON. 1826,] THE PICTURES AT APSLEY HOUSE. 09 CHAPTER IX. TlTCO joan. of Iri,on,.,,-.M,sIoy rto„.„-TI,c , ,„.,-Tln r . IVtersbur>;l,-lJc.;,il. .,r ||,e l.uk,, or V„rk-TI„. I,„L m ' Tlo,lio„-K,„h„«,y ,„ Rt. ln.Chicf-U..a,h of 11,0 K^rl „f Mv„, , , ", ' "''"'"-""» "l'l'"i»l"'""n.mui,der. U.e l.uke-„i, rea.„. fcr ro.i,,,!,,,',,;;,,, ' ."".l'-.'^''^' ^•;-'0-''-i«""li..„ of *""■■ "" ■''""<^'. "iiil ll»! foiniuiuid of the Anny. Ht feeling wl,i,I, l.aj i,c^„ ^^ Jered i,. E,,.!;,,,,! i,,. h,c Duke's espousal of tl,c ....•u.so of fi.e Ki„. on tl.o occiisioo of Queon Caroline's return, an,l fi.e .•.l.soneo of any nc- cessitj for his appearing ,„. eminently intheHousoofLonJ.,orol.owhere, rendered the ,hreo yearn between 1823 and 180,3 a hlank in his Grace's public existonco. Mention is rarely made of hi,n i„ the papers and penod.cals of the day. excepting in connection with the ordinary chron.elings of -The Court of time in iniproving his country seat'a'nd i!f" /"''''' """'' "*' '''^ nificcDt town dwellinc Tho In!^ ' T ''^'^'^''^^ting his n.ag- great number of beL'tiful^tr ^ tf -, t"""' ^ho receptach, oft ™erly graced the palace of J L T> ' '"""^' "^^ ^'•'"'-•'' ''-^ ^r- into the possession of he Du'\- '?"' "' ^^^'''JnJ, f-Hing and Vittoria. The ro t .h t " ' " ^'*"" "'' '^'^'"'"'^-^ particularly disti.^isl'r I" rj^;' "'1 "' ^^^^^^^ "-- was Tl.e Italian and Ipani'h ,.■ " 'f'"''^'" "^ "'° Pointings. the Duke «eneran3^^;ertSu;:h':;lr'^ Tf'r^V^'^^^^' ^* Of Jan Stein and cuyp.Hn.d.ard;;:;::L.^:'^,;-:;::[j;^- 04 LIFE OF THK DUKE OF WELLINGTON, [1826. "Wilkie came in for a share of bis p.itronago. Tlio celebrated picture of " T' (jkclsea PciikIo/is/s ir'nt'nin re|iiiriUioii of the picture ; — "When It was known (tiiya Cunnini was to bo delivered at Carlton House, I should be at home constantly. "' fi*. sMM. Called at Apsley House. The Duke sent me out word that he had to attend a committee, and begged that I would call some other day. "'i-TtA. Went to .Apsley House again, and took my skctcli with me. The Duke still could not see me, but reiiuest«d that I would leave my sketch.' " At length on tite 7th of .March, lie calls again at .\psley House, has an interview with the Duke, ' who told me he wished to have in tlio picture more of the soldiers of the present day, instead of those I had put of half a century ajo. He wished mo to make a slight sketch of the alteration, and would call on ine in a week or ten days and look at it. "The alterations were put in progress, but the Duke does not appear to have cidled till the 18lh of June, the anniversary of the biitile, when Wilkio unfortunately was again abscul, dining with Haydn, and so missed the Duke. "'On coming home In the evening,' the Journal says:— 'foutul that the Duke of Wellington had called about rtve o'clock, with two ladies one of whom seemed to be the Duchess. My sister saw them, and showed them the pictures and sketches. His Grace mentioned wh.at ho liked and disliked in the last sketch i made, and left wortl that ho should bo at home If 1 1S28.J WILKIl-S CHELSEA PEXSIONKRS. 95 «..ke pu..cl,.s..a and adorueJ ln^. walls wt/l, w. n"'/'""' ^'^^ "uku '..,.. ou. word 1,0 «... ,...„„..;, t?;., tTt'T' "'"""' "'"""' » "«'<»' «"". bu. .„a - t::r ;;:;::, ;•: :: :;:: -;; ^^^ ;.. o... e.„ .„ .... . „ ,,„^ disliked, aodob^rvi„gu,„,o,uonhe two a «ijll?^ Pens,„„erV ».a.lng what he liked a«d '"« •"«' -■"' '- young «,ure,; but asMrW 2o '"l''"'"" "°""' ""• ""^^^'^-^ taken ou, .he Dukcagr^d ".aUhoU Ltj.3d r '^""" ""= ^'^ ''=""*' "^^^ " 'ho picture. „e wished .hal the piper might be It It r°""""' '^"'"" "'""'^ <"'"="• leg, but he objeced .« ,he .nan wi.h ^e op ha ^f 1 1 " ", T '"'"' *'"> '"« -'«'- begin the picture, and .« said ,«,„.rf„„,„ ,?'!"';'" ' "^•' f <=" '"" """e 'f X .night n„^ " VViikle ,e. ,0 work acc«„li„g,y, a..d painS oT.»„ """ '"" '^''"""'^ '"""« «"" ">"•' On the 30,h of Oc.ober, im^^^^Z"^^ >"'re,„i.,i„g„, «« ,„ ,,j„„ ^, ^^^^ Chelsea Pensioner- i,iu progress- bu< 1 ''*'' Beaumont .-' My picure of 'The ;..era.io...orra,her -ran., o.r'of" y.^Tur: XTT.TV"'''^-' '' -'"^'<='» inlereal u, one poim, „„d tu improve the Imn i ^ '■" '"■■™ '" ~"cen.ra.e the baekgrouad I, al^os't a correct rolTrS aid"""""' 'T^" "' " '^'•""^- ^"o ■ picture.' '^"'"' "*-"; """l '» remarkably favourable ,or the ".Mr. Ctui/(l.igham jays:— ;:;t:irr:r:i:;;r;:-n™^ oyei.« every pic.u^.q,, pen.iL. " o « J'^ k'"'""' "'" ""= "■""^' •">" '-»• »i.u. a..d Odd ga.es, i„ .he odd rablllrCr w"hfch T VT' """"^ ^'^"^''='"'« «u.ended taste, formed the leading „reet or r^ZT \ ' " ""^^ '"^'■"■■« ""' "''olera and .motion, a, I have l.ard bim 2 . mar H^ T^ ' '""^'^''- ''"^ ■""» "« «««» -""oat war,; some,i.„es .wo leg, as h^ ob^e^^^ .oT"^ "'"" '"^^ """""^ '>°"» '"o -i-dm, Whom had seen, and some hnd slmred 1„ VxL L TT'' T""'"'"'""^ "y women, most of ori-adwilnessed .he mo., dr.ad.uv5i 2 l.h , "' '" "^ ''"""^'' """'P-'S"^ they were bor.H, fto.n .ho flold- ' '^"""'^ "' mb.istered to tho mounded u When, from each nnguish-Iadon wain, „ . ^^., ^ ^'"' '"ooJ- »'"'« °f overall these .na.lers. Every time he vhiTd c^e ! """'" ''^^■°"'"""- "« "'"oded disbanded, a..d observed their co..vv i. I ,1 ml? "? "" ^"""^ «^ -'"-- H^iU and P'ctm. wa, excollen., and that even the sU of the Du"^ \ "?"'"' ""' "'" <='""- o"- ""« great batUes with the hoa.y veterans of. he Amervv """*'" ""' '°""'" °f »^ «»« "Mrs. Thompso.H wife of DrT T tLI '^"^ "'"'"' ""vantagea.' -^ to go coot.n::al.y .0 .ew^Ci^TrS '" " .r'"« ■""""'^•^ ••- «^«^« •Ude of Which «,m. Of hi. group, we^^S " ""* "'^^"^ ''"««. "-"er U,. 96 LIFE OF TUE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1821 picture of the Battle of Waterloo, tlie only fait'liful veprescTitalioii of tlio battle that had ever iipjiearcd. It iiossessud the poeiiliiu •"I remember,' procceils this nccnrnpllrtlitMl Imh, 'h..w \w rojoiniil over ilm piclureHqno Bttribulesof Jews'-row, mill love.l lu cimim'niii) ils pcciiliiiriiifs. I ili> ii"l know wla-lur v>i kiidw ii: it is « low Toiiiurs-lilie row ol' oMriMiuly iiu'iiii piililic-lioiises, iiiaiiliig-li"usi'.-s nii;- Bliops, mid liiickslcr-sliopss on llio right hiina as ymi iipprimeli CliiHacu ^;ollc!^'^'y, and of Ihe black doj which followed the Illiies In Spain ; observed lliat it was more finished than any 1 hud done ; was Inlerested with what 1 told him of llio people, and where tlicy bad scrveil; and seemed pleased with Ihe young man at ilio table, and with the circumslanco thai old Doggy hail been at the siege of (ilbrullur.' "The pictiiro was hung at the Uoyal Academy unho centre, on the fire-place, wiih Jackson's porlrait of the Duke of Vork on the one side, and Lawrence's portrait of the Duke of Wellington on ibo other; an arran','oipont wilh which llio arlist w;i9 much pleased. The Duke was pleased also. He was present at the openin'^j dinner, and ' appeared much pleased with the picture, and with the salisfaction it setMocd to give to other people.' "The crushing and crowding to see this picture were greater than had ever been known in »ay similar cose :— "'The battle of Waterloo itself,' says Cimiiii.i^liam, 'made scarcely a greater stir in tho land than did 'Tlie reading of the (laze;ie,' when it appeared in Ihe Academy Exhibition. The hurry and tho crash of ail ruuka lo see It, wliich Wiikie has described in his journal, was surpassed by llie reality; a crowd, in the »hu|)0 ol a liall'-moon, sloud be;'uro It IVoin morning to nighl, Ihe taller hioking over llie heads of the shorler; wliile happy wiij the admirer who could obi.iin a peep, and happior slill lliey who, by palienl wailing, worn rewarded with a full si;,'lil, us somo of the earlier coiners ro ire.l, weaned but not salislicil. Soldiers hurried from drill lo »<.c it; Ihe pensioners came im crutches, and brouglit wiih llioia their wives and children lo have u look; and as many of llie heads were porlralis, llie-o were eagerly pointed out, and Ihe forliinale heroes iiained, somelimes wilh a shout. Sucii was llie enthusiasm which Ihe pic'uro inspired.' "The artist, trembling for the safely of his picture, wrolo a letter to the Prcsidenl, requesting liim to cause a railing to bo iivcUd round ii; a request wliich Sir Thomas Lawrence, with bis usual good and genlleinanly feeling, himself superimeiuied before oiglilc'Lli'vk on the very day following. "The Diiko of Wellington, if not u lavish man, was a liberal man; ho tliouglit every man who did his duly should have his duo. Accordinjly, wo find tlie Ibllowiiig entries iu tlio artist's journul :— "'./u/y 'JO.'A. Received a nolo from the Duke of WcUinston, asking wliat he was iiuleblcJ for the picture. "'This plcturvj contains sixty figures, .ind took me full sistcen months' constant v.ork, besides months of study to collect and arrange. It was ordered by tiic Duke In the suinmet of 1816, the year after the battle of Waierloo. His Grace's obje:;t was to have British soldiers regaling at Chelsea; and, in juslico to him, us well as to myself, it is hut rigjit 1ft fUte that the Introduction of tbo Oazette was a eubsequent Idea of my own, to uiillo the intwecti and {five importaiiae to the baslneu of the itletum 1827.J roconitiioiiJ N:umI i-.MIJ.V ■'"*■■' i' 'I'O UUS.-iV 31 Pl>l0MIl j,l|,I (Ik! J. ■"■«''iil ill tllO Ji.st '''""'• '■" tl,., D,,!, :e ,s i'(.')ii;!i ( '■""I'-', luoivl CJCS, of ;riv MIL' jii'iiiir /C'C'iiiiH .slioi i--i(,a:iCL'. woro- -Uu '"^ ciiispiciMnsl Jjllt til I'u I iy s,.o^vi„^' tlio Ijritisi, I- 07 H'.'ICO to '"^'"■'i'o ta .\a,,o| .-till "'n""lO llUm,; (t"'l- tl .V '■" oHior ronuiH i„ ,] 'iuM- 'ifi luaiisiuii. Tl ;y "ro ia,i;,„ab!o from tl, lCl-( INSOIl ■'• ^^'f., but not own friends anj fi !l Sill <^-'f It' tliG life S ■size ''"■'.'•"';->f %".loo„ a,Kl I... ., 1" «V'Ty Tariefy of ..t^^o, f, 'dvoiirirfa i '""^'•■^^'f, &c. (.n,I il P'o-tiMit, abounded; Lord' cliioiiess of 1) '■■' All.rl,: u tidn of '"'s goncnils, Soiilt. liiii.SLdf Hi, ■'•"'1 (he Vd- 'L' I'^.-ent Ducbcs of ^Vell 'Oy and V it7,l-l)\ w!iilo of (1,0 nob] bust by X,,|i "i"-"). to whom tho Di "«'•"! (then 3Ia l« owner of the "|■ ' ^ ^ '"''" ■""■»» '""" si^uv ll,-,i ii, ■ rtr^'^-^^^ Ois lAii. Oh- 'I'HH i)V\<.\: 01' \Vi;hiM:vii.i'J- [1827. whoso roau.^ntion with the r,ro>-!v Clinvcli. i,.a,.p('r,a,.ntly of li.r potitiMl.ii.trrc^ts. h:n\ r^u:h'vrA li.-r la-nly .live to tlu- iv-ults of ll.u BtiMi-ik', thu Crt'o'us luul D.a.lo o.n,/i.lor;>blo Irm'I airi.iiist their Mii»i.suhi.aii poi's.ir.itor.^, ami hud CHt;ihli>hL.a a spucios of Provisional GovoniuKMit uf tlicir own. Nothing' was wanting but tho open COl'KXHAGKN S (iP.AVE. espousal of her interests by some great Kuropoan Power to sever tlic connection of Greece with Turkey. Ra.^sia was preparcJ to make the declaration, and, of cour.se, to reap her rceonipen.se, in the . establishment of her power and authority in tlio Mediterranean. Canning saw the danger which menaced British interests. To pro- vent ultogctlier the interference of Russia was inipo.ssible. Tlic only way in whieli it could be kept within due bounds was by ilulllcill^^• the Court of St. Petursburgli to act in common witii Enghuul, and other powers, as meditators in tlic quarrel between Turkey and Greece. To this end a special embassy became necessary, and tho Coramimder-iu-Chk'f of nn expedition ok'alnst Lepanlo, then held by Iho Turks. He was iM&l with illne=s in tho following month, and dioJ in .'Vpril, 18il. 1 g.>7 ] '''"': 1>L'KE or YoiiK. rf'"^'"''' --H,aiM:n,/ , "'■'^''''•'''''•'•'•''^'''''''- ";':■':•^'r''■"'•'^^'^ "'•""'" wore vL rT f""-""^'"^ "-f 11,0 ontcrtanicl f,,,- ,1,, j,„,.,. ,,, 'f "''' f^''-"- Alosan.J,.,- I.a.l dicl-^ tl'« Court. "''"'^"'^ ^^''•^ ^va.s p.r.so„,,lly a .stnn^rer „t Tlic DiiK-o prococdeJ to St P-,f i anuios ,nt,, I»,ul.s, (l.o Enwovnv LT l ""' "^ *'"^ ''Hi''! H-''l'I.'cs^'.,lI,i.,aunuto n, ,r' "'"a very l,i,,. eo„,,,i„.,„, -^i ^•.- ti.. .ii^^.h,,,.;.,.: ' ,,^ ^t"ina V f '''■'' ''•■^'"^-' Europe, ho l,a,| .,,«;. order, Z J "^ 7 r'^ '° tJ.o wl..,le of f-,try. f.rnu..,! by I'etor tl o Pr '""""I-'.^lco Jle.i.nont oF In- J-;o.. «..:,id u.,.ZJ 'rlS^^o^ ^f "'^ r-"--' ^'' li^'^Hiuwit.^' '^ '"^^ -^1^0 Duko of Wellhigtou's ^- «^'ll■ ^■'"'■^^'" ^v tho -■; to ,ivo it ..p, Jl'':::tz::c^:'^ ''-'-'' ^" ^"•-° *•; '": alteruards concocted. The o t^^^^ ^' r'"" "'•'•-'^^'^'-"t =^'-"t a complete .separatiou b'tu .f '''"" ^^■^''^ "' '" bri,,-. P---t the collisions' wl^..,^r" ' ^ [^ -'-n. and to *'""*■ '"'•' i'"^l^''-^='I "'ll '.'0 hereafter men- At the ckse of I sop, ji,. 7^, „ .,.. „ - -- tU Da.e of ^VclLugtou was appoiuted 100 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLLVGTON. [182'7. Hi! i! Constable of tl.o To^Ycr of London, vucnting tho Govcrnnrshlp of eI'vIv in 1827, diof«TOS'. [1821 Mr. Pool said :— " Tho Duko Imil boon forty-six yctirH a n.iI«Iior ; niul when lio canio info offico Iio Imd deelnred, timt. no iniin slioiilil. for llio future, labour unJor tlio (liHndvniitii^ivs wliicli iin lind liiul to c"iiti!mr with. To oniinicrato nil tlio benefits wlilch iho Duko had oonforroil upon tho nriny, it would bo ncccsnary to go throuj^li lOiiny rlutailn of various ropulations counocted with roligious duties, with nii'itury BchoolH, with points of discipline, and with tho socurily of fiir hope.-* of promotion in every inun in tho Horvieo. But it wns MulVicifiit tv recollect that, while the Duko of York held tho offico of Conioi;iiidci-. in-Chief, every man know that ju.stico would lio ilono him ; mid it was by this, and not by tho minute regulations of di.sciplino, that tin- English nrmy had obtaincnl that plastic energy which distinguished the free soldier from another. Diirinj? tho long period — during tlio ten thousand days in which tho Duko of York bad been in office— ho (Mr. Peel) did not think that ono of those days had pa»«cd without his devoting some portion of it to the business of bis official situation. No letter ever camo to tho office which, if it bad a signature, was not read and nttemled to. Individuals might frequently have mistaken tho proper (juarter to which their applications should \h> addressed ; but even in those cases a civil answer was always returned, accom- panied by a direction to tho applicant respecting tho department to which he ought to apply. Tho impartiality of the royal Duke had always been tho theme of applause in that House, whenever his disposal of promotion had been brought under its notice. On tlio augmentation of tho army in 1825, the only lieutenants who were promoted were senior lieutenants ; no interest was allowed to inter- fere in this ; and the only exception to tho rule which the Duko had here laid down, was ono which reflected anything but dishonour. It was in the case of a lieutenant of tho year 1814, who was promoted on account of his conduct at tho battle of Waterloo, where tho command of his regiment devolved upon him, all the other officers of the regi- ment having been disabled or slain. In 1825, twenty-two captains were promoted to tho rank of majors, without purchase. Tho power of conferring promotion without purchase was certainly a means of conferring favour ; but tho average service of these twenty-two captains, who had thus obtained majorities without purchase, was twenty-six years. Sixteen majors were also raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonels ; and the average service of these, fifteen year.s. During tho whole of the time in which tho Duko of York was in office, there had never boon an instance of an officer being raised liy purchase over the head of another, without the offer being previously made to that officer, or unless he had for some reason forfeikcd \m 1827] Tin.; nrivR op vonic. io« cI.'Hins to pro.noftnn. Tl.r... f,,,,,.,!,, nf ,„« ur-. .1,0 ..,., or rola,io.;,s of ol.i' offi,! :"'C •;^r- 7^ -'^--d - ^""- rt w. no «ii,i.t^;:! .,:;:;::;': ;v^''-^'^'r "-i-y- Mr, Hro,,,,,,.,.. eor J ,. , . ^' ''""'!,"'" ''"' ■^'^^•" -'•^■'•««" »''"N "IiavlM^ for so , ; 'r;!"';" f''-""- "> ''- I'-Ico of Y,,,,^ ;'-e^..ne.of,,.l,j.^'-:tr;;;;-^-^^ J of «on.nn.n.,s wl,i,.l, I,o was known to .11 '"■""" '^""•'^•••^I wl.o .liff.rol f,.„„, hi,,,.. ""'" "" "'^'"'y towards tho j^orsonJ Sir U Wils„n sal.]' • Tt wis -^f tho arnu- .as .nain.ainc wit „n ! '^""''^'^ '"" "'" '^'-'i'l'-'O '"« Iio,al Hi,hncs. can..; it!; i' j;":?^'''^'^? --•''^- ^'..'n '-!'"" '•" 0,0 ov.s^,f ford. w r"n '' """^"'- "^ "PP--- C...n.n,.HloM„('I,icf had bi,. T, T r"'^''''''' "•'"'' "'« '"to a-"l t!io in,pa,.,iality of tho 5,.ko of V ,'""''' *''" ^''^'''^volenco, ■''^'•-gl.pHrtiesnpo„ whoso .; ho i';;:^ "•'■: ""-'' ^"°"-"'- »"d I'is .iccisi.ns harsh, yot in no o so h d n ° "•"''" """'"""'^■^ "'"'k Upon tlio death of tho D„ko of Yorl- '*),„ T- , '""•"' "f tho ]},ifish ,.,.„,v in ,"1 hi' ')\^^'''^ I^'""^'' tho com. ;-' what othor hands, inde^ ^^ hi ' t ^1 1 """l "' '^^'^""'^"'"• fie who Inui lod tl,o arn.y to vie tv • ^ '"'"^ ^'-'''" ''•^P-'^itod ? -•'ic'l. I.ol,adJ.con callod upon to 2rvo ■ wh7h'^7' "' *''° .^^'"•''^ '" -tiMts hon.n.rand,roatnL; who, b; hi;,! , ' ; /^'^'^ T -"'fi^'J fannlmnty with every branch of [.'""•"'!^ ■""""-' P"s.tio„, his ""■onghout Enropo and Asia (jlled fhn '"■;"•';/""' "-'"^o n.uno h' the oonnnon voiee as the .! , J. . '"T " '""' "^^^ ''"''-ted I'onournblo trust eould an ,,'i' ''''"'''■•'''*''« •^'-''•'•-'« nnd 1-vovor, always alive to ui'^Z:'^' '' "■^""''-'- ^''« Buko. compliment, and «eor.^> IV .„ ,,.,,, , f '"""ych, appreciated tho tl'ccolonoleyof thoCh-enadierGual """'^ ^''' ^'"^'''^ ''"^ ^"''^ 104 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1827 We now approach a now opoel, in the life of the Duke of Wellington Hitherto we have known him only as the warrior and the occasional diplo.nati.t-the invincible commander, the astute minister plenipo- tentiary, the courteous ambassador, or the inflexible envoy. A\ o are now to recognise the politician and the minister. ^ ^ . . ,, The Earl of Liverpool, who had I.eld the office of Premier since the death of Mr. Spencer Perceval, was struck with paralysis in the nionth of February 1S27. The event was disastrous in its immediate effects, because it boke up a firm government, and gave rise to serious d.s- Bensions; but tbere is no doubt that its ultimate consequences weio ^ilentiall'y favourable to the course of political and religious reedon. The Cabinet of the Earl of Liverpool was singularly constructed, i comprised men of great talent-good men of business, and expenenced debaters-but the opinions they represented were of a varied ana an.a^^onistlc character. The Earl himself was uvetera cly opposed t tire claims of the lloman Catholics to political eriuality with Pro- testants and Dissenters-equally opposed to those f-- ;-- Lords Eldon, Bathurst, and Castlereagh; and Mr. 1 eel and the Duke of Wellington, were supposed to share their opinions. Mr. Canning, on the other hand, was the eloquent supp.nter of he Catholic.^. It had been agreed, however, between them, tliat ..Catholic Emancipation," as it was called, should remain ^oj.. question, that is to say, every minister was at liberty to nuui.taiu us own individual opinion, without attempting to lend it the milu .ue and patronage of his particular department, feuch an anomalou.. State of things could not have lasted under any other man than Lun Liverpool The weight of his character alone cemented the d.scovdau materials. He was not distinguished by any brilliancy of genius, a,ul was inferior to several of his colleagues as a public speaker. Lut l,. possessed a "sound, cautious, business mind," well stored nvuI, political knowledge. His habits of business were regular and cm- hnncd, and his integrity was pure and unquestioned. Ho was inu.^. disinterested, and the public gave hi.n credit for his honesty. II.' Earl was never once suspected of governing to suit mere party pui- pn-^e^-he never made a speech for the pleasure of vietrfi'y-he nex..- entered into an intrigue to acquire or to retain power ' He was .^ open and manly in his conduct as he was honest and prudent m In- resolves. xVn.l as he was quite independent of office in a pecuniary sense, the world knew that, while he would do nothing unworthy , his position, he did not care to hold it if it were incompatible w.i.. his convenience, or rendered harassing by cabinet dissensions. La.:. I " .\unui\l Uet'lslcr,"' KiT. I8S7.J MR. CAraiNR AND THE DUKE. -'-H'n.^ . successor ad a T''" ■''"■° ""'^^ I'o a dlfBcuhy ia t' '■' r-i^ie a :.!! ;^r;:;"£;;;T:''«*^'.^'''"^ i^ became neoos. e"Mc....si.,n, M,, c.n„i„. "Z ' "' ^""''^ "°' ''^«'- of »P'>" the popular ro.,..rd '^ ^"' V'""""-' "^ '^'^ ""'^ '"'Id ;;'«-- The propo^::^ : , xs ^ 7^-^ i- ^.i,. H,en «ngge.ste,l the ph,ci„s an -tntl r ^^^ ^ Cannni^'g colleagues Govonuuent-.on,lLui,,/;: f.; ,f'''''''''' >«^«'- "' *'- l-ad of the «f i>iverpo„I Where tv^.s a peer o T"^ "^"''"^ ^^ ^''^ ^arl ^-'•li'ios ,.nd inflnenee. to he fou d . T .'""f "" '"'^'^ ^'--P^ol'^ Catholic Minisrry to «„pp e f P ' " •'* "°"''' '"'^ ^'^ »"^i- '-« ^vn, could not eond„e'e,.ff ,?";;'"» '""''''^ ^-'Catholic as -'-ncip,.tionaeahinet ,n.,.stioi!r t ' "T^' "'""'"' "'"king tl'e Kin. in.v.sf..] ,|,,,, ^J,. . '^' '"''-^t''- "" <''« 10th of April, -^''"-'i>tr.tio„, h,a ;L'';,m;":'"° ^'""^:; ^« ^^ the headofV -■n'inue divid,.d on th. C.rholie ,jZhn! ' '' "' P''^'^-'^--, "mst Mir: 2^:t,^:r ;::;;:" -^^ «"Iy .-esigne-l h. so.t in .he C 2 JZ " "^ ^^'alliugto,. not tl'o Aru.y and the Ma-ster-Gener T r' "'"A' "'' "" Commaud of Tl.e«udden„es« of the re. 1 ' "' the Ordnance. tl.e IIouse,s of Parlian.ent ^^ ; " ''''"'^ ' S-"-' ^'"^'^ot.on in -- expected i„ j: ^r^^^' Kr^^ '''''''''"'' '^'^^ ^^^^ ••"-•est than that ,.f the J).,.e of Wet 'X ."T": '^''l''^^ ^'^"^^^ we quote what foUow.s from the " 1 'fZ "" '"'^'"•'-'Wcut "_ ^-. the Cabinet, hut fron/ ;;:...,„:;:: "^r' "-:."r --^ "0 means i,, it,,eJf a cabinet nffi T "''"'^' '^'"^l^ '^"S br Cabinet, seen.od expressive of I / . ^ "'t'macy with the ' "Canning's refiual lo give wiv m i,i. « -';h, u. .,„.ie,.,„ ,„ ,, «: ;j^ 'le ::ri' "". r " '""' "•""' ^--^ ^- -i 100 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1821 i ► explanations on this occasion wore, on both points, expected to be full, manly, and satisfactory. It is due to bini that they should be given here in all their Ipngth and breadth. ' He should be obliged,' he said, 'to trouble their lordships with some details ; but he would make them as short as possible, as he bad no other reason for entering upon them then a wish to vindicate bis character against the attacks which had been made upon it in another place — to say nothing of the abuse which had been poured on him, day after day, by a press, which, if not in the pay, was under the direct influence of Govern- ment. There were two points on which he intended to trouble their lordships; the first was, his retirement from the councils of his Majesty ; and the second, bis resignation of the office of Commander- in-Chief In regard to the first, he had received from Mr. Canning, on the lOtb of April, a letter,' stating that the writer had' been dosired by the King to form a new Administration, on the principles of Lord Liverpool's, and expressing a hope that his Grace would continue to form part of it. This letter, their lordships would observe, did not contain one word of information who the persons were of whom it was intended that the new Cabinet should consist, or what members of the old Cabinet had resigtied, or were expected to resign. He was not desired to come and receive explanation as to the evident omissions of the letter ; nor was he referred to any person who could give him information on these points. He had since learned, from authority which could not be questioned, that this was not the lino of conduct pursued towards his other colleagues. They had beon invited to go to the intended minister, and receive such explanatiods as they required ; or the Minister had gone to them in person to give them these explanations ; or bad sent his personal friends to give tiiem for him. To himself, however, no explanation was ever given, nor vas he referred to any person who could give it. Although, as ho I " TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. " FoRElON Orricc, Jlpril lOM, P. »., 1837. "Mv DEtR Duke of VVitUNOTON, "The King bos, at au audience flrom which I hare just returners government has so long acted together. I need not add how essentially the accompllshmeot must depend upon your Grace's couttuuing a member of the Cabinet. '^Ever, my dear Duke of VVelUngtoD^ your Grace's sincere and IhttbfU genrant, ''GEOKaa CiNxiNo." i8n.] TOE DUKE'S QPI,.„„IOM. irotn tliat custom in fl,„ " '^'''** "ot intenrl,.,? * j "'"'"" »""""»™o.«.e.».v,,. •»i>- "... .«,. i.,,„,,„, •I k,„ „,,„, ■■»»•"»■. ■*.« 1»», 18S7. ui iiie (•overiitiiiTit. l'<-rson la yo„ j,„^.|,j ^^ Minning, J ours inosi sincerely, ' " '^'•u.Naro.v.'' '"•' •h'l-ilUth, 18J7 •^'"je.-y d„o,, ■„„ i„„„„ I „:"■'" '•"'"5 his A,„jo„y, „ „„ , '•>;'- «'-aco ye.,enl„y ,„« '"fry «. hnv,. ,t..|, .„, „ "" '*^""' "'« •""■■'I course of nmn '"^'"^"' '""""'••o, hi, -'J«^ . did „„ i:;"° """^. "- -'-ver .0 your «r: rCr'"? " ^"^" "--^ -'• m «^-^'o..o.o,:t:,;^:"-'"-" ''--".previo:::':;:;.::-;-" .or.e " '-•vtr, m,. dear n„ke of \v„l„ , """ ^■""' -"-"■■--. .o.C.ee:.,„.re„„d.i.„f,...,„,.,, "GEOKOg CA.;,r,a» ^ • 108 UPn OF THE DUKE UF WEUKOTOK. t""- ,:. a.«o„ .„ ,.,.. «'- -' i:;r::;:' ;:;:!;; :;r;;:;.,, 1': ';:;: ::;r ;t;X ?;^^" t "™ f r::;;£:: t": rs „.i,l,ea .l.«t lie cmld bring l-..»lf f. » /'» ;'"" ;,„j b, i,„,d 0„vcr,M„o„t «•» ... ..11.0.-» .» "-■;■« °' 'Sv! if .0 d b. so »„....., cd, '7;"»^ „„,,,., „ ,,.a been »l.c...ly "h.;- tl,„l tl.o pi'...c.plc» of l.o,d '""P"" ,^,„,, e„„,ii„led ou ll.e a„„.d, .„d . « -^'^^--.fjr :"■:„. ;.,.piei.n b, woi„. -:!;!:.l'::...>:.d«\v».o...i.ao.^^^^ a part of the uew Cubinet,' ^ ^ , • .. S«,; were .b. co:,„ ..tio„. '^l^flY^Z^Zc^I^ „u,a, to bi» p™.,.al fno,.d., «"■• '" ' |,°d «f .b. 0..v....- ,„,.„u„ bi.b I i';'> j;; ;'::;'r;;,»:r;.: :;:;f ..... ........ ... be nuM.t, gavo luin great offence , aua J- , -^^^ any- f„,„ ...,.i,..d, i.. order .,a >;«; '^^ ' , -'l Lui.., ..ff-.c-o^ I '„':::?, ::ix^;:t;a:,.i;:; .,.1. e4 >» .— •■ -.-'. , "TO THE mOHT HON. GEORfiE CANNING. % «Mv DEAR Mr. Cxnmsu, ^ „,„U-rslan ^-.o „o t-od in li.e Ciibmel ; , .-at a Ust s.k ^^^ ^„ ^^,,^, ,„.„ u can «"•'-" "' ?? ::; ^:::;: t're;;:".: >.*.. . o.cn. me ... oco,,,.. ,o .. beai projcnl ; 1 iuu»i Di,i 01 j councils. « Ever, my dear Mr. Cnnninn, yours most sincerely, ' ' "Wei.usotos." -■•'■• ■'■•^ma 1827.J THE DUKE-S EXPLAxVATIONS. 108 fo your ]o,.d«,,i,,> H „ „, j^t '^"7' •^^-''^ bo called np J'-e-u,^. ,„j J ,,,f^,^^' J "°^7 ;."-Je First Lord of ti.e "nv^nn. n.o.-e of that scheme to Tv ^ ' '"°"' '"^ ^ ''^^» ''«-d ;f '',- "ould have kept t^ 1 I^??'^ -'''' -"'-Jification *°fe-;'-r. I „,er.tio„ this to v ^ , , ' '"'^ Ad.nini.tnaion ««o that the language of ,n d ^^"^"^''^ '" °'-'^''''- ^I'at you ,„av co.n.,.„ieatio„ tt ,4 Co! ;';:;:,:'v^-"'^-' °" '"■^'-'•" 0"k at o,,, „oto unfounded, but it^-s -f""-" """■''•'' ^^'•- ^^anning tJ'« ^'.'ounds on which he hin s f uV "? ""J-''«"ble, even upn.f --e going on for the fonnat: o *, ^ .• ^ .'^'''^ -=-'-tions Lurd-L.eutenant of Leh^nd waited o.^ m "^i '" '^'^' '''*-' P'««e"t f-;r the purpose of con«ultin. vi , V T'^''^ '"'''^ ^'^ - -^^le ear oft''- occasions, ho was ";: ;„ : .^^^ ^ ^'^-t ; but, on both -I'o d.u not know what place I.c h?."? w ^' "'" ^'''"^^ I^«g<^''t ;«tra..on, or who was to I . at s ' '"r^^''^^ ''^ '''« Ad^in- - <•- G,.ve,.nn.ent. This i;l:i.; ::-';:;:■ ''' '^ <^-- ^n, ,Jo Adnun,..tnuion,not necessan'lv in pi "? , \"'"'''"''^ ''^ ^"'•"' an "-"d '« given is to be at the L d of 1 r " '° "'""" ^^"^''^ ^o-u- J'ad failed, Lord Has(in> 'eens r j fated, that, iu the for.na o t """^''^ gentleman's letter it w s t.-V, 110 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1827. ., 1, J T nm Burc that tho right honourable gentleman is rtt ; lU r^irpresenting my L^.,^r of wiifui.y taUl^ nffoncc but I had no intention of giving offence m askmg t ho offence ^^V '" ^^^^ ^^.^■,,^,, „„ the iOth why had he ?r rneclao' to t; Tny letter before his Majesty. Tl. is fact p ov that he was not then minister. It is further proved, tha o Ts not minister on the Uth.by what was done .n another place I. fact he was not minister until h. Idssed hands on the acceptance offi e will, was not till the 12th, and on that day he had rcpre- nfd to Majesty, that he could not go on in the for-noi.on o a ;" istrv till his new writ was moved for, which was done on the s.ue a:; Now 1 is too n,uch that I should be accused of ben.g pcev.s ^ iasty ill-tempered, and so on, for having asked such a que. .on^ a, d tl"n for- having sent in my resignation, after havn.g received the answer which I did receive.'" „j„, „ ATinisfn,- It was impossible for the Duke to remain m office under a M.n.s e .horn he ^vouUl feel hin,self bound to oppose on at least one v.tal !aest on of domestic policy. Ho would suppose he sa.d, thac the K.n, h ms If differed from his Ministers on some mportan P--P f r 1 tl,.,tho furmin-part of the right honourable gentleman s S^i:t "iJS wHU L Majesty, w^re called upon to give hi. Snon howc^uldhegive tl,e rigl>t honourable gentleman that fa u- uTport which one member of the Cabinet had a nght to e.pect f,-om anoth r? He could have no secret undcrstand.ng upon the gro:, and portant question to which be was now alludmg but^ ho nu. know the principle on which the Government was hereafter to b endued and that principle must not only be known to hnn, but Z^rthe public a? large. Would he not ^^<^^:^2 bimself and deceiving the public, in sittmg m a Cab net w tl, tl c i'^rl::fJble gentleman' ^ its head, ^^l-e P^^cp^ c o himself bound to oppose? It was no answer to ell lun that tie pe" Cabinet act 'i upon the same principles wit^._ t at of wh.o Lord Lh-erpool had been the bead. The two Cabme ts ma er.al y ' Offered nd the chief difference between them was tins, that the Cabinet of Lord Liverpool was founded on the pr.nc.ples of nun..- tat ng the laws as they now were.-whilst that of the r.ght honour- .b in\ e-nan was founded on the principle of subvert.ng then. able gentleman wa Liverpool's Cabinet knew well what Those who formed part ot ijora iJui.rp"oi u, „„ ti,„Miis it was to which they pledged them.selves ; for tbey kn w tha ns ordshipwas conscientiously opposed to all changes m ''C «..^ mg form of government. But those who coalesced with the nght honour- STglflemau had no idea how far their coalition was to carry them , JSL'T.J '11 M f" ('"> y-UKIi'S EXPLAX/VTIONS llliU zc ]>n """■^ piiitiv.ii, „f ,1 ''"'•III wns the 111 ''■><-iit (ln(.-,(,.|i(.J. Tl liv whicl ai. '""'' '■'""'g'^'* «itl, which tl I'nyi>U of (he noble ,>nrl "xt alilo. aiul 1)1 ncdvo. lo '->>>yn,nn nn^ht saM^- abiJo ; tl -'ciitlciii.'iii fliietiiiitcd 10 conn (IV was at "■'•I'L' I'riiifii.Ics ''•"i-oii.s of t '■(■asoiis „f } cv iiu priiicl|,lo.s (,f (ho I '■iiiliorary c.vp(Hlionco. Tl ;<;>T day, aiul .lepondcl lolioiii'. IIS "^'■'*" wuro (ho c T'''"' fiMiisi(,,rv ... '"" 'L"*iA'iiatioii. ♦ » # * ^ ""' ^""-cioiitious , "•^,"'"> """fe"">'«l ho could be „iovo,l ,y.^'':''' ''■"'>'> "f l!,o " ^-''"'".ol "Can any man Ik.!;,, o ' ? , "• "'"'"""" '•■"' '"" -'cb '"'"-t and justifiable ,,,ide 'c; ., I" ''''""' '" ^^ ^Pin^ -'f -• ■•'.ly b,.(, eonscieiKions ..,,,„„, /"j "7' .^ 7"''J '"'vo given it „p I »nJ.;n-alae the .uppo.. .,eoived fr . n vTm'"'";"-'"" '^'''•"•- around „,e_„ot because J have P,,-. (to . H^ " "'"^ "'''"^"" f'i-"l« -''d.-o.-s who „e,ed u.ide.- .-'X^^^t T'^^^ "^ ""> ""ice..s and -;--f the„.acio,.s/avou.- and k Ld ^ ^f ;''\r' """'''"" " ''-'-• '^ut because 1 ki.ow(ha( ,vl,a(evcr h V "^^"J^'-'^fy '""'U'ds n.e_ '"'"" '--'-'^ -. lie c Kl ^h ?'"JT'<' J-'dness n.i,ht have ^"'" ""J t" "'.V country some .scniceo i , . ""' '■"'"''^'•"^l <" so-..se ? Will any man then b .f ''' ^'^ ^"^^^'''''i-'ed a hi,d. ;'-i. enabled m^ ,o :t^!; i'^' ^l l;!''™//!- "' '^ ^^t..{t f nuer friends and companions in anns^ j '^ '' ''? ''"^^'y ='" -y to their merits, for (he oxer.nhi ,"'"?"' '''^'" --'-'•Ji'-g "nJo" ".y connnand in (he fid i: tl 7 • "' '"'•"'^'•'^- '"•"'^ ^0 consonant to my feelings and m h bl f '?'^' ''"^" '' •^'*"='""-' ""■' "f l^oin, placed at th: he d o'tl ' ^ '" ""^" ^""i'^^' "'"^'i- a.n dis,iuulified for any such Tfli e ^77"'"^^"t? I k-^'w that I «« I do, with respect 'to tl ft ntlo > I 7'''" •^^'^'- *'"" f-"- J.-d of tlie anny!-,likinJ^ ^^^ J 'f^^^ ^ -ce.uly tilled at ,ho f gave mo to improve L co ditio of 7'" '^ °PP"'-''"':ti".s which J^-nowing n.y own capacity for i li t 7 '^ "^^""•-'--•-'nns,- i'ing the post of first Mini te 's dl"' 'T' "'^' """■''^''-■'>- f- tl'an nn.d, if I had even entorta „ed T ■ ^""' """'' •'^"^' "orso -dividunls, for their own t "'j^^^^^ !"-->. P.-ojcct which certain ^"inally base to say that there wa^^' '' ""^"'''^'^ '° ""^- It is -. -lieagnes, (^ dictaJe 1 '^J^ '"^^ '^^ '"^^olf and A.iniinistrafinn. I call nnon „ "• " ^»"«fn.ction of a new ■■■ J '""" ' 'i.»... .,,:„i.us ,1." „';,""'':""'■ '» Chancellor of the Dud, 'y of Lancaster, who ] I call oil the noblo !'imsc-lf resigned, and 112 LIKE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINOTON, [1827. wl,o from Imving re-nccoptcd Vm oiT.cc, would bo a fair wltncsMo say : tWr .here was any ooncort between bl.n and any of '- - ";^- „s to tbcir con.mon resignation. Tboro i. no eon.spwacy Is a foul falsel.ond to say tl>at tl.cro wns sucl. a conspiracy. I repeat it is fiuil falseliood. and I care not wlio bas said it." , • r . I.. ga;.d to bis resignation of tbe command of tbc army >s Grac said elould candidly^tato to tbo House tbat, wlicn he retired fro. rMniosty's councils, be was perfectly awnre tbat be could not ai!iy office unde'r tbc new Government. Tbe office o Com- : :der.iiJci.ief placed tbe bolder c^ it In a -stant co,^^ -^ relation with bis M.-jesty and tbe Government. _ ^^ ith t e 1 nmo Minister tbe Con. •.mder-inChief was in communication ever> dij T : C lmandcr-in-Cl.ief bad not a control o.^r tbe army or tl. cbief control was placed in tbe bands of tbe Pnme M.nistei. On otl and. tlfe Minister could not withdraw any part of he a nv t P 1 tu.al, or elsewhere, without consulting tbe Commander- , C ne l" ;ul not make up bis budget, nor introduce any rcfor.i "to 1 'arn.y.in England. Scotland. I.eh.nd, or indeed m any pa o Z^:A without seeUing ti,e opinion of the C---'^--^'^ ; The difference whic'> existed between himself and Mr. Canning, m H ti^U^ls. would not of itself have prevented ^^^^^^ Lg tbe office of Commander-in-Chief. He would ave ''" -^ e>f.mple of his illustrious and royal predecessor and would ha eh b^self aloof from all considerations of party feeling. .No pohla, 1 o "ions would have prevented him, under ordinary circumst.n.s f o m continuing either at the Horse-Guards, or at the bead of the arZ 1 tl.e fic4d; but from the tone and tenor of the comunuuoa- S w leh be had received from bis Miijesty.-from the nature o the im tntioii the right honourable gentleman bad originally given : : his first letted to join in tbe new Ad-nistnitioiv-aj. .- the contents of the last letter which he bad received lom Mi. Canmnfe b lis Mnjesty's commands, be saw that it would be impossible h m to CO, Sid.'- the continuance of bis relation with that onoun.W ' .tleman either serviceable, to tbe country, or creditable to hm.e If ! t erefore sent in to bis Majesty tbe resignation of the two oftie tl ich be held under tbe appointment of tbe Crown. In regard bo, t ul^nd to his situation as a member of the Cab .et, his ..uh. iKul not been hastily adopted. He had adopted ,t -^ '^^ ' ,,ost miitnrc deliberation which he cou^d give to '- -'' -\;^;' j more he reflected on it. the more be felt sati.^fied that he had ,atca • r.! en.ly and correctly. He had no other object n. mukn.g th, .remei't but tbat tbe ti^th should be laid before their lordships aud 1S27.] ^nt. CA^-smvs .Mr.vi.sTnv. "'V'r ''^ '"•'' '-' ' - .: ;:;^" ^^ ""^—"^i -near j„ t,,.t difficult to holiovo, after nil f, . '" ''' "'^" f"ncIa..lons Tt " '^"J li.igl.l in 1456- „„/i- ""^ "icmbcr,; „„<■ l,,,l J li' „; '""""y of r.lricm„ ,li,|i J r V •' """^' ■'"' "'"'liBoa.i™ 'P» of U,„,e „,,„ |,_^ II U p„„,„, „ „.^^ " •»J .0 d.l,g,„.,| i„ .dvancin . , ' "t"""!' '"=™ PO'-™' of f,„„ ,' niiH,... n • a • -I'lo iiitcreiice i« f.>;.. .i . . co-opera- :^ ' ^T^' P-'"--'up, the D / ' 'r V" -^-"^ ^o --vc n^ent would L ''■^'"'V'""P' *"° -l^u'^e lioped tj-.^ . *" 8 '^ " "'<5 iumation of .ss- a lit LIl.'K OF Till', niTlvH OF \V|-I,T,IN'nTON. [18'17. ,,i,„.,M-„vow.l!v tlK. nr,.t ..f tlio AMti-0,.tl.olio H..c..n„ of l,c C„i,i„,,_wnnM l.o s..nt f..r. The Duko was ,.rc.uul.ne ... llua .,,„„,„;o„. if I.e.. rcmlly ma.lo it. C;a,.,.i..g for..,..! Lis ff.v, ..n.„.,>t, ... wl.lL-i. were co.iii..fl.c...led sumo vo.-y s..pc.-ior u.on;' Lo.d l)m..c.>, . ...Vr. fn,.,.l„«.nul I.ora Du.llcy o-peoiu.ly. ..>o men of ,ho «u.u.e,. .a.onU '» "''" r^'^j „.c.re .rulv ......la,,.,... lV.--c..i,u< I., m. .,,.,,.1 .Ic.r.e .,1. ..,o rcource. n ' --" e.,:o,.lv« .nr„nn,.U .l.o power, -f ncu.e r™..,..,„ ..nd .iv.y r„.,-> „„. " ' ' nll,h,n..n.. "f .... mu,. fl„Mu,l .■l.^.lcal o.lucallon, .lu-y .liffoml ruMuT In U,. .I...r.y ,. « 1. < . U . ■! ^ ..n.l H n r.,r a.lua. tu.i.K.s -n ...« -.n«,., .f iHHr nn -• - „u.ul„K,, n, innuc :,cc.,l ..y ....ir inc.i , « i" .l.o Ke„.u, or ..,e "-.nr. ...„,, .... ,„. i.„ir.. nr ..n.. .n.l,,..,. ...cir .,ra,.ry. ^.r. .•an,,,,., wa, .he .n,.ro P-wor.nl .U;... n, ..^- „„ „r..„n.M,t ul,l, .nnre »uMalae.l acn: -mn «1.Mo Mr. U.nnin. P"— 1 » '",11 In mu-m n X: .rc.pa.n.ly dis.K.sed of .!,« n.aU.,. ... d,-p.„c ....;-..ro .,i, adversary wa, «w,,ro U. mil lad ..00,., ... .1 vere, .„r„od, and .1„„ .par... .,.,n-oir .he la. r ... an Cahora.o , V r'a .., a,.o„. iU.,,. propar.-d lor ..,olr .reaU. eO,...lU.,n, ...h o.,r..„,c care, vro,'e ..,;.. .ha., aln.o.t any o.h.r ,„ ■.. on. ; h„. Mr. .an,, ,. "".";;-< "„„„„-. dc..,a,ln« which I-ord l.ad.oy had cilher .a.cr ac„„.r.A or hardly m-r ^c.n,.,r.. o ve, I.. h:,hi>» or h„»lne«. and .he fucUio, «hich .ho^o w.,.., .,r -n.i,, or po. bly r , ■«■ r , in' U-.l, ..rcunrse, all .he aJ van. a.e which coald ho .Icrivod fr.an a lon^ :';:.;•; ! ;':. ..l^nincV.. h,.h »« order. .„.. .l,,.. ..ord ,., y o„,y wanua i ,n,h,i„.,Mn..„>,a. h„n h, .he^e .vpeC^wa, apparent fro.n ,.,e n„.,..My per,or„,a„c of ,m.i,d dalles whU... r^U'd hi. shor. a,l„..„i..raUo„ .d' ..,e .•orel... l.e „nen. In ^«. ; owever,,,,; Me, hel.veen .....e e„,i„e,.. halhidual, end. j -'-«"'" •";,;,. ,r lr„,ne«o,-p„ pose «hi.n. „,aKe. holh a .nan a„.l a s,a,...,««n, .here »«., haleed, Ih.lo ,,"... he, ee -he.n. Ho... were .da pecharly .e.eUive and oven ,rr,.,d„e .e.npera- Za...i. 1.1. While Ua...,ed,he,r „,ann..r, and .d ...e.n "- «'^'^-; '"-'-;' ';- , ,t h .he c..,.e. or In ihc .'a.-iae,. m.l h. Mr. .anninb' .he weakneM had In. . wh d. w ,e r.. ace,. In ,.,e ..ervo„« .e,n, .n.en. o.' Lord l.ndley. Mo .,m.red all hl. „.e ..„der w.,a Ird, , ed ... ho a di.sca... «.a,o of .he ey.U.n, a„,l, aHer .naUin, ,he n sery o. ,ar 0,1, exis.,.„n.. ,.nd ...adin, .he happlne. even of i,. hri.h.o., por.lon;, . end.. ,n dn, ,» a dark and di.aal cr.al,. over his whole r„c.„.ie, towards the c.o.e of .„. "- \'"';-" ' ' ^ n,e .a,,,.. ...or.,id ,e„,pera,ne,.t wa. a wa,.t of .Kc.l h,c.ln,..lon-a wa.erln, .ha a.ec -d ■ j„d„nen. as well as his .Velin.-s-an incapaohy .o rnrm, or, aRer forn.n,,, to aha.e h> ,„.y we] r..s„„ui„n. U'ilh .he-e ,„en was Joln.-d Mr. Huskisson, than who.n ew have e.er atlalnc. as ^eat mnnenc.. h. .his co.nnry, wUh .o few of .ho advan.a.es which ,,ro apt to captivate ^»... ..r .o win popn.ar apph.ase, a.,.l, a. .he ...no .l.ne, ,vUh bo few ... linsic analhies «..icl„ h, .he .a.hle an.l .he wed.hy, can always .naUe ..p for s..ch : r„ denciencil ..e w.s no. «„ent o.' speed tarally, nor had ,nuch <-«^'- -" .^^ ;;^; ready speaker-, he had n,.ne of .he graces of .licllon, whether ho prepare.. hln,.e. of ho Id L) or tr,.s.ed .o .he .no.nent. His manner was pecdiarly ""'^ainly. ll,s s a.e,,', .. re ilclod rathor to e.ci.e dis.n.s,, than to .vin conlidence. Vet, w 1, a„ t 1. o a.,ai„odas,..„io»in.hen.a,.oorco.,.,no,.s,whid. o- hIo l,i,n as ,n„ch hs!o 1 - as the n„. co,.s„a,M,a,e deha.ers; and npon the .,„es.lo„, t,> which ho, .onerally ^l-'';'"'-^-;; ;'; „U,...|.;.heKrea, n.atters of co„„nerce and flnanee, ho .leliven.l hl.nsel w,,h ah,.... or,.c,, .,in'v.,f ired. This saccess he owe.l .o .he .i,or.,„.h know.CKl.e which, he p,.ssessed of l,;u......,he perled clearness .,f his ,.„..ers:a„.li„. ; .he keenness with which e caid apply his in,or,nar,on to the p„rpo.e of the deba.e ; the ac.teness with which he cuald ,n.ra^e ,1 e argnn,e..., and expose an ad. ^rsary's weakness, or expound his ow,. doc,r,nes. In n^-pea l,Vpon..cll p..ri.v, he did nol Bta.td very high wi.h any party. Ho had the satne .nte.- o 1S27,] ^^"' ^"'^^'.vi^-os Mimrny. 1 '/'""I fill mrmi!t,.si,' ,'"_ COLUJIX AT TRIM. *l IIS LIl-'K OK TllK l>UliK OK WKLLINOTON [1837. CIIAFrEll X. nodorich Mlnl,lry-Tho ...Ue ro.mu. tl.o omunm.l of ll.o Army P Gclerld, A.lmini«trmiu»-Tl>n Uuk., becoau.. Prl.n« Mu.Uler. EW Parliamentary Sessions Imvc been of groater intorost, nnil im- portance tl.an that of m7.1B. All tlio prcat riuestionn wliicli tlicn cJiviJed "tlio State cnuncila into strong parties of JociiliMl opinioti" wcro''nf?itatc(l and (liscnssnd willi vclieniunce, and not nnfrcquoiitly with rancour. Tlio claims nf llio Roninn Catholics to luanumisHini. from political tramnirls— the Can Laws, with their protective evils— the state of Parliamentary lleprc scntation_tl,c conditi .n of the Law-and the Shipping J"*--';- engagod close attention, and gave rise to acrimon.ous debate aa.l ^~Co;f Wanestion again brought the D.lco into antagonist witli Mr. ('amiing. . , M>,o..e-. live,, lament over Corn «n.. a„.,.,Uc, m.y bo recaUeU U> .bo rea-b.-. rocoUe* Wlint ! ntlU Ibcsc two liiferniil questions Tliat w.tb our incalH, ami slumbers mix— Tlint spoil our loinpcrs a:ul diiioi'.ions, Elpriml Corn anJ CulhnUcs! Cods! wore there over two mieb bores? Nolblnt? clie liilliM of, ni^'i' "f morn— Nothing in doors or nut of doors But endles? Ci.'hollcs and Cora '. 1827.1 i'l-ATJl UK Mil. (;,\.\M.vu, H7 anJ a Nm)i,.I ti,„o v .l..|,...n ♦ , ^' "^'''^ ' ■ ^""^ ""e,,,! u (lot P-.to.,. to its being rcf^ i o ' ' '• "" "'^' ■''"' '^'"•^■- '"•- «liieli woro ,,r,mo.sed wore losf H, . ' '""' ^'^''-■'■•'' Duke of wJlli„,„„ , .,V2 „f"';";'' ';-".^'''' f^nvara l,y tl,o 1-J bceu sent ul, f -o.l 1^ T "^. ""l ^"'' "^' "'" "^i". - it |".por.od, .. stored u^ i.lt. * j r:,;:,""' •^' '' '^''^ '-- Duke of W.„i.„to,., i,.i.in, on tl. lb u ; "? ST"'"- T'' on tl.o avoni-ns, moved th.f '■ ! /' "^ '"""'' "^^ ''"'"iwutio,,, takenoutofbonlu i tl. a L ^".'■"^'"/"■" '" '^""^ •^'""'l'' '- not indi.po.scd to accede to tin t '"'"V I ° ^^J""^ter.s were being .■ i. to ^i^^t? 1 '":'' °" ,""^ ^"""•'"•^' ^bat .o f^., n...., varianoewubtb;::!:;^! ;:;:;;,: i^r^- '^ ''- -^ ''"-^ oftl..tsvs,om of probibition u 1,1 n '"' "" '■•«'^bli.,!,meMt P-si.sted in, oeeasiL:! J 'bra,'" TT'\ ""' ^^•""'^' '^ >'itie.s, should only no^v have di . . " ^"'"■' ^''^'^ ''" '"'^ ''I'P--"- W.be it re.eni ; birr ^ "upe-fo,.,,,,,,. „f ^be bi„ ; party to .be framing of the bill w d, , i'l r* ""' ''° ^^"^ "° P-'intcd; a„d ahbouTd. be bad ^^ j . '''"T' "•"'•?'*' '^ "''^ boneSt of ,be country, be was n t Tl ' f ' P"""'*'*-'^ '"'"• *''o pledged to tbo whole detail on^s p ,i ,d" 7 '" ""' '"'''''"■'-''^ "'^ '"'■■i-^werole^inami^HtrrulS::.,^-'^'^'-' Never were such a braco or pc3!3, SklllU but In feathering their nesLs Plague us with both, and setilonellhor. So addled in ,ny cranium moot Poperj and Corn, that 0(11 doiibf, Whether this year 't«a, bonded wheat Or LornlBd Papist* they let out. l.ii'K OK 'JIIK. UUKK OF WKLLIWcn'ON. [182?. 1J8 Of couivc tlioi'C \Yus a ,^l•c;lt divlMon of soiitinifint upon tliC subject of the virtues or otlicrwist; of the lost bill. Tlio great body of tlui jaiblii', liowcvcir, .socuilmI uina; ulivo tn the uatdre siml cause of tliL Duke of Wellington's opposition, than to the probable nii.seliief^ or l>i-ospcctlve aJvantiig.'S of the bill itself; and it boeanio necessary lliat a long correspondence, explanatory of tlio .source of tlic in;s- under.staiuling, should be published. This eorrespondeuoe took place between the Duke of Wellington and Mr. Iluskisson, who wan allc<'-cd to have been favourable to an aiuendinent ; and from this it appeared that the Duke had mistaken Mr. Iluskisson, and had also mistaken Lord Godcrich, who, he conceived, had consented to tlio Duke'.s proposition. Mr. Cannuig was exceedingly hurt at the failure of the bill; and in the House of Commons, upon a later night, ho declared that, from the correspondence between the Duke and Mr. Iluskl.sson, he ■' was not convinced that the former did not labour under some misapprehen- sion, and did not think that he was doing that which was beneficial " He could not, he said, " exclude from his consideralhm, that even so gmd a man as i/w Didc of Wellington had been mwlc an instrument in the hands of others on that occasion. Hisitory aflorde.l otlier instances iu which eriually great men had been made the instruments of others for their own particular views." This was an unfortunate, and, there can be no doubt, a most unmerited imputation. The Duke was the very last man in tlio world not to perceive the designs of others, and the very first to resent any attempt to convert him into a tool. Mr. Peel particularly animadverted on the unlucky expression, characterising it^ a.s a vaiii attempt to cast obloiiuy on a public man, who, on the anniversary of Waterloo,' if on no other, ought not to be subjected to unfouiidod charges. The House of Lords, as far as eti(iuetto and the rules of the IIou.se permitted, took notice of the unwise imputation, and nut of doors it was freely canvassed,— neither the Duke nor Mr. Canning gaining much by the occ\n'rencc. Mr. Canning's Ministry was brought to an abrupt conclusion by his death, which took place on the 8th of Au:.^nst, IS-i7. lie had eaught cold at the funeral of the Duke of York ; before ho had fairly recovered. from it, ho was assailed by rheumatism, acquired by sitting under a tree in the open air, while yet warm with o.Kerciso. During the brief tenure of his power as Prime Minister, ho was impelled to great exertions to carry measures in the face of the strong oppo.sition which arrayed itself against him,— the ultra-Liberals on the ouo I The Jebuto look place on the HUi of Juno, 1827. 1827.] liand, lasted, ■of the to ma biograi life." attack. - and the where h( Th« ( Duke of denounce measure mind tba exposed i *!ie reput found in «nJighten€ upon what tlie Prime The M became a Robinson) —a capital under Lord Exchequer. I'ord Lansd the Home I liad forced I reconimende The Duk< Chief upon original impr on his previo There are i 1827 which 8. on a peace e; 1827.] THE DUKE FORHS A MLMSTRy. .^xo A MissisTRY. no Iiand, fho bitter nl^ T„ • , ^-^<^^, i-e was sus^t J Tul t^e '"• "''"• ^''^'"'^ *''« -"'o^ent *^ -a„ife«t thcnsolvcs. ' There "^^^ '^7.'" '" '"^ '^"•^"''^^ ^egaa f;WhcV^foMl.e fatal st.u2eb^^^^^^ sa,s ln« graceful attack- '"fe''^^"' ^'ontest cn.no the fatal rheunaatio and the nation decrppd t;,« i ,. -^ere be lies a* rjl^^f p^.^.tj"-^^ ''n We..,.ter Abbe,, . ^"S7rc:t3 tr;;fe ^^-'--^ - ^^« ^-^^ of tbe » -">' 'Hind that, when the Duke was e.v."!?' t'"'''- ^' ^« ^^^^ *« «po.ed to the obloquy of a fXf '" *'". ^^-»«"J-- -ntinually «- reputation of the General and ?^^°''''°"' ""^^ "°^ attacked found in George €annl. g tl t ,nn .? """'^'^ '^'^ ^''"'^'^y, he -lightened and'enthuJI s p ^ fr"* f""^'^"' ^'^^ ^-* upon whatever pretext, the Duke should h ^'""'*' °"' "^'•^* *'''»*' the Pr..eMi„i«,er at; critical lien "" """' ^elf from J^ue Ministry, bereft ne n Robinson) was appointed First Wd of the xf ^'^'^ ''^- ^™'^--^' -a capital man of business, who had been "^^ ^"'^' '"** ^'^ «""«« under Lord Liverpool's Gove!te„. ^'"'"''"'"•^ '° ^'^'^ Treasury Exch^uer. The^ppoiutre ri^l'-^^^ ;^- ^^-ellor of tkl Lord Lansdowne even waited upon hf kT ! '' •*'" ^^^''^^ ^ -"^ he Home Department, under the niistl^' ''''«" ''^^ ««^J« of had forced Mr. Herrie upon Lord r. '^^'''''"' '^'' «'« King recommended Mr. Herriefto Ji lil"'"'"'' ^'^^^''^ *'- ^^«er had ^ne Duke nf iv„ii- , "'"6- ' " Our la«L, ouj. bosj. .„_ „„, ■ "**•> OUl- only omjlor »_ ti- ,. 120 LIFE OP THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1823. disputed points regarding tlie compariitive rank of civil and military officers, and tlie iiiterfurenco of D;.stiict General Oiricer-s witli tliedutioH of the Ordnance Department, but notliii.g else of moment presented itself We may imagine, however, from these that he preserved tlio peremptory tone of command to whicli he had accustomed hin)self in the Peninsula, and we have evidence that, for all his measures, he gave clear and unanswerable reasons in the fewest words possible. His economy of language he carried to a remarkable extent, anJ lie recommended its adoption by the officers generally : — " If officers abroad," ho wrote, "will have no mercy on each other in correspondence, I entreat them to have some upon me ; to confine themselves to the strict fticts of the c-ase, and to write no more than is necessary for the elucidation of their meaning and intentions." Lord Godcrich',s Ministry was very short-lived. Some misunder- standing with Mr. Ilerries, arising out of the introduction of Lord Althorp into the Ministry, appeared to strike the feeble Premier with a moral paralysis. He had conceived a notion that Mr. Herrics was the corner stone of his Government, and that bereft of his confi- dence and cordial co operation, it could not endure. Under this strange hallucination he resigned, after a seven mouths' feeble tenure of power. The King, seeing the hopelessness of any reliance upon the Whigs, and aware of the commanding position which the Duke of Wellington was acquiring in the House of Lords, now sent for him, and conimis- sioned his Grace to form a new Cabinet. This was on the 8th of January, 1828. After so recent a disclaimer of his fitness for the office of Prime Minister as that which was more than implied in his speech justifica- tory of his refusal to form one of Mr. Canning's Cabinet, the readi- ness with which the Duke accepted the cliarge excited public surprise, and no small measure of public vituperation What ! after declaring that he would be ■" mad" to take such an office— after disavowing the remot«st wish to undertake such a responsibility— at once and unhesitatingly to assume the trust! Such conduct was preposterous — at any rate it was glaringly inconsistent. But those who so deemed of the Duke's conduct knew him not. They were not aware that in him loyalty was an ingrained principle the wisli of his Sovereign an imperative and irresistible law. All considerations vanished before the obligations of duty. If tho Duke could not accomplish what was required of him, ho at least felt himself under an obligation to make tho attempt. The desire of tho King nerved him for the effort— failure might be unfortunate and 1828.] THE TEST AND CORPOR.TIO.V ACTS. 121 mortifying, but disobctlioiico wno ., .„• ^ , watched l.i, previous cu.' t ' ' 7 "';"'^ ^^'"^ ''''^' ""-'"volj of intontiuu. •' ^'^ save lam full credit for lut..rity '-- M.jost,'s couMuaudsto Z ,„ ' •' '"'■"' ^^'''^^" ^ '•''-'''v^'J of a Mi.,i.tr,. it was far f .r ';Tvi r;::, "•^''"'";? "'° ^-"•^'i-n to t.ko any „iB,o oti.or tinn t t I ^VT "'^''''^ "' ''' '"--^'J- "r I" '^« cour.0 of tbe ne^.^tuou';^,- 'I o e^^ ^"^ ^ ^"^ ^'"""^ I"s Majesty, a difficulty in gottin.. .n ,H , • , ' ccmniaads of -J .l.at it... ,,, L.l^i::i^y^'';^^ toniltl,o„,.co, leagues that I should take it I d ., ' ° '''"' "''^ "°^^ >"y col- BO d.tern.ined I resigned the office of p"" '° T"''" '' ' ^"'' ^'=^^'"'g T1.C Duke had a difficu card to „^;"""''^'t'-'"-Cl'iof " Cabinet. Il.d he follol.i b / J V" ° -"'^'--tiou of bis probability he would bave firmed ;phlt;i;"T""'""'^' '" ^'^ to nde rough-.shod over the J ilior.l - u'tra-lorics, prepared fail by a .st^ra resista^e t eve y ^iTstf f ''1' " ^° ''-' - institutions. The feelin- of tL ? "'""^'''""» ^Po» oxisting upon certain questio^admilr;-' "^■^' ''--™'-' ^- strong -a thing the Duke de es ed «- r''"'° '.""''"'''' ^'""^l'-'"i'^o to preve.' too n..rl ed a d te '^^^''T f,' ''^" ''•'^^ '-^--. country watched with an.iet^i; X':],: ^^ '^f^y- ^''O »ot long kept in su.spense. L re cal ed Z P " f"' ^' '''' »"d3Ir. Goulburn; retaining AfrTr t ^''^ '" ^'"^ Cabinet, Mr. Grant (afterward Lo I ^^^T'l^'l "'"'"^ ^"^' '''-' Melbourne), and Lord Pal aerst on 1 "^ ';""'' ('^'"''-"•^^''^'^ I-»""<=' ^ton.-aU men favourable to the policy L^ i:iste;t^:;^:e r r;Td-r r^ - '- ^■-- Ministry loved place for its o^; sa o .1 M n' '"'""" "■'"^" *''° ubout the degree of pract cal! s nt ' n '' ^'■""'°^" ^^'''^ "'^'^-'-'t ^■«J very wiHingly t'C" :h 'iff '''"''' ^''•^^^^- " '^'^ ^"^- allowed free sc' fe for bis o^^ „ \, ,C i';'""* "'^" '" ^^"^^ receiving bis conqe. It was otL,-! \ , incurring any ri.sk of foe. He who btd con n ITd s r; 'T 1 ''"''' '" ''^ ^"P ^^ "- of opposition to his plans wasLnkf? T "'^^"^-^ '"'P'^'-nt t'- latitude of poliLa I's't :i 'bf, :;'r°"' '° '"^ ^'^^oraiuH.s Accordingly, the arran-aM^nts ' fi. ^ "^ ™ ^''"""'^'^ '° '"'J"^" the elen.«.ts of porn.a.Ct I l^r "' "' "' ""^^ '''^ "°^ ^-'^I'^o of very brief durtio ^'^"''°' ''''"' "^ ^^° ^'^''^ P-'e^ently see, IS LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLIXGl'D.^. [1828 The parlianiontary session of 182S commenced on tlic 20tli of January. Tlio speech from the tliroiio carefully excluded any allu- sion to' the suhjects then cngajrinfj; the thoughts of the people of England. It wns entirely confined to a summary of the foreign policy of the previous year in re.spect to the intervenlion u\ tho affairs of Greece. In the attempt to carry out the treaty for the reconciliation of Turkey and Greece, a collision had taken place be- tween the British fleet, commanded by Admiral Codrington, and the fleet of the Ottoman Porte at Navarino. This collision being calh-d in the speech an " untoward event," a sharp debate was raised upon the whole question ; and there it ended. The Duke, untrammelled by any promises or recommendations from the throne, at first determined to observe a passive domestic policy, allowing the Opposition to bring forward their favourite nicasurus, and regulating his assent or resistauco by the national feeling of the hour. Lord John Russell opened the Liberal ball on the 2Gth of February, by bringing forward a motion for the repeal of the Test and Corpora- tion Acts. These Acts, passed in the reign of the second Charles, for the purpose of curbing and punishing the sects whoso votes and exertions had contributed to his fatlier's death, excluded Dissenters from offices of trust and power, and closed the doors of all corpora- tions against them, unless they consented to take the sacrament according to the ritual of the Church of England. It is true that an Annual Indemnity Bill relieved them from these disabilities ; but as it was at any time — in any one year — liable to be opposed and su.s- pended, the position of the Dissenters was not as firm as their modern loyalty and the principles of religious toleration demanded. After considerable discussion, the motion for the repeal of the Acts was carried, much to the alarm of the High Church party in tlio House of Commons. In the House of Lords it encountered consider- able opposition from the bench of Bishops and the Tories of the old schCiol. They beheld danger to the Protestant Church in the slightest relaxation of the disqualifying laws, and would hear of no alteration in the Acts. The strong common sense of the Duke of 'Wellingtoii turned the scale. When it came to him to express the sentiments of the Government, ho declared himself, on the 17th of April, in these terms : — " I fully agree that the security of the Church of England, and tiio union existing between it and the State, depend neither on the law about to be repealed by the present bill, nor upon the provisions of this mjasure itself That union and security, which wc must all 1828.] THE TEST AND CORPORATION ACTS 123 on that oath, nut on the Act of St . ^'"''''^ ""^ ""' ""'v union f..on. ,i.uo to ti.no teed to ';:;"' T" '" ''■^^"•""* ^''^ "f n.ate and inseparable union of Cwf , I ^"''''"^' ^"' '^'' '""'i- of both. °^ ^^"'''» »n<^ State, and for the security a." ver, dubious a's to theto'u ^o ^ ; it'^^^ ,7 ^"^■^^ I J-ans of a .systeu. of exclusion from office ' bf " ''""='' '" by a law which it is necessarv f. c •"' , '^'^ '''^'•'•"-d mto offi.ct aclu.:es every .an into offi / w lo'T' w ^^^ .-'-'' -^- ^Lat original framers of the law to exclude It . "'*"""" °'" *'- not the intention of those wlo b J ;: ^'^"^ ^'^ ^' -'^ ong.naily, thac dissenters from the Tl /\ f suspension buy P«nmt,.d to enter into cornTtio ! 7 °^ ^""'''^'"^ «'"^"'^ ^e was intended to relie"^ tl ose w m iZ " '■' ^"°"''""^- '^'^ ^^- ed unable to ,ualify them vl " eor „; ZT''''''''' '''' '''^'"^•■ ennnent had devised. However til ? *"/ '^■''"" "'"''^'' '^»^- of the relaxation of the la^v for i '°°''''' "^'''"<^'^ themselve., tions, and this the ^ ltd ^rr °' •^'^"'"^ into corpora Lords, is to be found in £2^LjlXr:TTf T' 'r''' "'^ ben.g excluded by the Corporation 'an'dT's't Acts f ''"^^'^^^'''^'^ tions, so fur is this from being the fact tW T "^' ''''^'''''■ to your lordships, some cornoratinnr I "! """'^ ^° ^^^'' ^^"°™ tl- possession of ' dissenter' c'v "'^ ' '""^ •^"''"''^ '"^ laws so inoperative as t lese can /^" ""''''" *'"* *''° ''^P-' «f po-fect security of the C Lranf the ""^ "™" "'^''^^''^ '^ *^° tablishment with the State rTllf . P'f'"^"^"* »nio» of that es- «ot only failed co.npletely in answ erl^f ■ ' •'" '^'''"'"" '^"'^ ''^^'^ tJ-y are anomalous and absurd-Zn f '."'"'^^^^ ^''^"^^'^^ ^^^^ their operation. absurd-anomalous m their origin, absurd iu l^-'t'land, and if be said 'C be Ist T"'""' " ''^ '''"'•^•'' °^ t-dered on his behalf, and the'rets an nTof ^ ^' '^' '^^''^ on the contrary, oy accident or desln be In. ", ""°" ' ^"* '^' relative to the sacrament bein. Z'tn > V." '"''^°"' *'"^ 1"^'^''°" for him were held good andT: .f • "!' *'''" "'^ votes tendered :-:;- ""» from tb/ot w S'b:",.:^' r t'"°r^^^^^ ^--^^^ "My in tl,al! Mv noUc fri. I ,' »*, u Uioro an, sc- «f .1.. ,,.„„, „f LTL'::\cr,.T' "° °*"' "■"»■'■»» was, tiiafc the sacrament should not le 124 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELUNGTOX. [1823 taken by dissenters ; but tlio Inw requires tliat a man, on entorins into any corporation, sliall rcccivo tlio sacrament without rcp;ar(l to liis re- ligious belief. Thus an individual, whoso object it is to get into a particular office, may feel disposed, naturally enough, to take tlie sacrament before his election, m rely as a matter of form; and thus ,i r acred rite of our Church is profaned, and prostituted to a shameful and scandalous purpose. "I confess, my Lords, I should have opposod this bill if I thought it calculated to weaken the securities at present enjoyed by the Church. However, I agreed not to opposo the bill ; though I con- sented in the first instance to opposo it, in order to preserve tlio blessings of religious peace. I was willing to preserve the system which had given us this peace for forty years ; for, during that time, the name and the claims of dissenters had not been heard of l?ut now they have cotno forward, and their claims arc approsod of by a grent mnjori y of .lie Ilr use of Commons ; und the bill has come up to tiiis House. If it bn opposed by the majority of this House, it is to be feared, now that the claims are made, tliat such an opposition will carry hostility throughout the countrj , and i^ntroduce a degree of rancour into every pUrish of the kingdom, vhich I should not wisli to be responsible for." Again, upon the 2lst of April, the Duke said : "I have not called on your lot ',-hips to agree to this bill because it has been passed liy the House oi Commons ; I merely assigned that as one of tiic reasons which induced me to recommend the measure to your lordships. I certainly did allude to the feeling in favour of the bill which has for gome time been growing up in the House of Commons as a go.ij reason for cntertairing it in your lordships' House; but other reasons also operated on ray mind. Many individuals of high eiui- neuco in the Church, and who are as much interested as any other persons in tlie kingdom in the preservation of the Constitution. Imvo expressed themselves as being favourable to an alteration of the l;nv. Tlio religious feelings of those venerable persons disposed tlioin to en- tertain this measure, because they felt strong objections to the sacra- mental test. Under these circumstances, wishing to advance .i preserve the blessings of religious peace and tran(iuillity,— conceiving the present a good opportunity for securing to the country so inesti- mable an advantage, I felt it to bo my du».y to rccommeiid this measure to your lordships. It is on all tiiese grounds that I support the bill, and not on the single ground— the ciroumstaiice of its having been carried in the House of Commons— as a noble hu'J lias stated. I am not one of those who consider that the best meauJ 1828.] REFORM IX PARLIAMENT. 125 of preserving the constitution of this countrv is by rigidly adhering fm ri.n Tr T ^'"'" '" '^'"■^''^"'"' f'' '^- I'""dred years ^^:^!i:^lXr^' '^"^- '' ^-^- *° -dify, if not t?;:: " I admit, my Lord,., tlmt for about two hundred venrs tU r.V, • ^oce of theeountry has been preserved unde'ulrbT.i; r ' Z Pa.I..-.n. .,t >s d..seus.s,„g the be.st means of prtservinc. tie .on titu .on of the country, it is surely worth whiio L ino^uir^ w letl n" TutT ^ , '""'''• '" "•' *" °°""''«'« «» Partie,s. Al I hope .s. that your lordships will not unneee.s.irilv mni-« aUer.t.o„ n ..o measure th.t would be likely to ^d j^,™^, ^ that y ur lord.slnps w.U not do anything which may be caleu I'u d to remove that conciliating spirit which is now growin-. rp-a siit hat W.11 redound to the benefit of .he count.y, and' Jich so'f" W ^_g, .e ought, on the contrary, to doterythin;^ l^ The result of the discussion was the repeal of the Acts -the old reI,g.ous test being replaced by a '• Declaration' from the 'ho ler of pos . 1 ^.Z'trV^''' '■'' '^""■^^ '' ^"«-"^° ■'« "''^^ possess, m ^utue of h.s office, to ,„juro or subvert the ProtestLt of l^DulZf w'n" 1 '" ^'•''■^'' P"'"' "'^^ ^•'°-'' *'- ---'on alum fh" fi "'^'"" '" '"P'''""^ '''^'" P^wcrwith doubt and a am, the confidence w.th which he now inspired it, in the libera itv h.s v.ews was counterbalanced by the dread which the oppo to Ir Churc secuon entertained of his latitudinarianism. "s . c^' .a J to the subject of the R ,ma„ r,H,.l , *''°' """' '■^'P*=°' ...ii . J a VC.0 ;f ;':;;:" :Lf':::,;.ri^i:ir; ?• "-'• change did the Duko des, ■sw ti / A oliaiij;o 126 LIFK OK I'llK DUKK OF WELLINUTOST. (1829, in tlie temper of tlu! Catliolics-, who were tlicfi " nfritiiting" tlio- subject with unexfinipled fervour? A change in tlie views of tlio Protestant party — or what? Speciihition hccnuio rifo upon the subject; and while the Olmrch party drew inferences favouriible to- their views from the doehiraiion oi '■'■ .Iccklcd" feelings fvnd sentiments, the Liberals gathered hope frona tho vaguo allusion to a possible alter- ation,' A reform in tho Parliamentary representation had been a standing dish with a section of the House of Commons for more than a quarter of a century. On the broad piiiiciplo of taking from the lauded aristocracy of the House of Peers tho power of nominating members subservieut to their views, tho question had been argued with vigour and elo(jueiice by some of the most enlightened and indc- pendeut members of tho Lower House, who also contended- for a system which would givo to a large portion of the country, still unre- presented, tho right of sending members to assert their views and interests. ,'ntil 1827 the subject made little progress, because the advocacy of reform had been volunteered by a class of popularity- hunting men wliose station in society was comparatively obscure, and their mode of advancing their opinions distasteful to the better classes. In point of fact, the very prospect of a new system which should introduce such persons as Mr. Cobbutt and Mr. Hunt' into 1 The claims of the Roman Culholics Imd engaged tlie nttenllon of tlie Duke at the earliest period of his Pnrliamcnino' career, lialanclug even then (1*93), between Justice and expe- diency, tho Ilonourablo .Arthur Wesley (as the name was then sijell) thus spoke, !n the Irish House of Commons:— "lie had no objection to glviiuj the Roman Catholics the tienelils of the Constitution, and, In his oiilnioii, the bill [alluding to some bill then introduced] conferred them in nn ample degree ; but the motion of tlie honourable gentleman seemed calculated to promote disunion. With the bill as It stands, tho Protestants arc sotisfled, and the Ko- man Catholics arc contented. Why, then, agitato n question which may disturb both? — A gentlemim haa said, thot admit' i,' the 40j. freeholders of the Roman Cultiolio persuosion to vote at eleclious will aiiniliilal> :Uo Protcslaiit establishment in Ireland ; and he bos founded this assertion upon a supposition that tho Roman Catholics will,. In voting, be directed by their priests. But have not Roman Catholics, like Protestants, various Intereols and various passions, by which they are swayed? Tho Influence of their landlords — their good or bad opinion of the candidates— their own interests— and a Ihoiisand other motives ? It appeared to him that they would not void in u uo ly, or as liad been supposed, if the bill should pass In Us present form; but if the motion of the honouniblo gentleman should be adopted, then, indeed, they would undoubtedly unite in support of Roman Catholic cundidates." Pre- viovts to this, on seconding the Address In answer to the speech from the throne, the young member for Trim said :— " In rc;:ard lo what had been recommended in the speech from tlio throne, reapc<;ling our Calholic lliiow-subjccts, ho coukl not repress expressing his npprobalicn on that head; he had no doubt of tlio loyally of tho Calholics of this country, mid helnisled that when the question would be tu-mighl forward, reapocling Hint description of men, that we would lay aside all aiiiinnsiiies, and act with lnoderatl'^u^ aiul digiiily, and not with the fuiy twl Tiolence of partisans." » Coblwtt was a man of humble origin, who had once been a privnio soldier. Of astione I8S8.] MR. BUSKISSOX'S nEsroNATioi^. 127 Parliament was offoMsivo aliko t. n • ' ^^"^ c'a.se, a,,.. ori,l„ar..d a .tn, ! a d l";:'"""^ "'"^ '" ^''" '"''^'"o c.rcM.mstance. I.ad occurred whi. "PPo«'tion. ]}„t l.,- ,,..3 «'-'^ f- p-n-oi.., tho lectlrrbr "'•''• ''T'^"^^ "•--- a nmterial change. Tl,e House of c° "'",'""" ^''""" '« "-'--go «-- of Pe,.3,„,, ,.„ Co,„, ^--;;; '-d convicted ti.e Lu' - i'f p..s.sed a bill disqualifvi,,. t L if f f"'''^-'"''"g bribery, and "'S'-an-.s h.re, had aLso been found «u Ik of """'' *"'' '" ^^'"'■ —ft .n to transfer it.. franchL To li" ■ 'T'"'"' ""^ " ^"^ -"^ I^ords, dreading the lo.s., of boroulinfl ^" """«'"""■ The Ilou.e of -U the second (E.«t Retr/ t k 7'%"^^^ Lower IIou.se. It was deferred fol .'"""tP'""""^ f'^^°''«- ^ the for a tin,e without a represe::;;,': """' ''"' ''^"^-'^ ----ng i«t-ia. career, den.a^d! spS .iX '' ""''' '' ^^^^^""^'^-'^ -"' o-sion, given a pledge to te^rcT' "' "^^^ ^ P'^-- wLen any one borougir became di f . ?'""'°"' ^''''^ '^'■' «''"uIJ, J^^-.e,..e to «in.;ingh::: r ^^;^-^' -« ^r ^"e fans.r of elf bound to redeem this pledge ■ . iT ""'^ considered hi.u- ;-; I-- divided against biflll;^^^^^^^^ ^--t^er came to aa '^t this act compromised bin. Xt ' p " "'""f >'• C^-idering J"3 return hon.e, and a two o^ c „ °'""^.''' ''^ ^'^^ <^°"-" "P-a '"S letter to the Duko of WeUingtn _ """'""^ ^'°'° *'^° f""->^- "Mv .K.U DcKK, "''-™-^^. ^"---^, = «.«.,..,^M. '"iiiil and resoluio purnoso l,n i,. 1 ' ' -*r~y;?-;::'::;'~:::-^ " "''^'-" ''■•'^er, unscrupulous 128 Llli: 01' THE DUKE OF WELIJXPTON. 1828.1 the leader of tlio TIouso of Common^ to lose no time in nffonling ynu an opportu.,ity of i-lactng n,y office in other Imndn, as tho only means iu my power of prcventi„g tho injury to tho K.ng's sory.co which n,ny ensue from tho appearance of .lisnnion in his Majesty . conne. h, houc.r unfounded in reality, or however unimportant m itself the question which has given rise to that appearance." Tho Duke replied tho next day :— " My DE.\R IIUSKISRON, . , . X 1 '. Your letter of this mcrnins, ■which I received at ten, has surprised tne much, and has f- ,en mo great couccrn. I have oonsid- crcd it my duty to lay it hoioro the King." Mr Huskisson was not piopared for such promptitude of action. He did not know that the Duke was glad of an opportunity of gettm- rid of a colleague of unstable pri.>ciples, or, at lea.st, of m.u. addicted to free-trade tendencies. He immediately induced two of his fnouds to go to tho Duke, and upon their return he thus rejoined ;— " DowsiNQ Street, .May 'iOth, 132", half-past Gp. :ii. « My DK.\Ti Dt'Kr, " Having under.stood from Lord Dudley and Lord Falmcr- Bton that, you had^'laid my letter of last night before tho King, und.n- a different impression from that which it was intended to convey. I feel it due both to you and to myself to say, that my object in writii,- thnt letter was, not to express any intention of my own, but to i-eliew you from any delicacy which you might feel towards nie. if y"u slmuM think that the interests of his Majesty's service would be prejudic.l by my remaining iu otBce, after giving a vote, in respect to wliicli, fioiu the turn whicli the latter part of the debate had taken, a sense of per- Bonal honour left nic no alternative." Tho Duke's resolve was not to be shaken by this affectation of doll- Ciicy. He had looked upon the resignation as bond fdc, and in flmt Bfiiise ho was dcterinined that it should be understood and accepted. His Grace, however, again wrote :— '•Mv DKAii Husicisso:^, '• I have received your letter of this evening. I certainly did not understand your letter of two this morning as offering nif any option ; nor do I understand tho one of this evening as leaving 1898.] MR nusKisscvg resionatioi^. 18» '•n<-..riM.. ,1.0 I..S. of V.1; V . n ^" " "■"""" "' •^""'- "ffi''«- •"• of ti f pMhIio ..o,.fide„co '"■'"'■'"'"'''■' "'"''''• ^ "^° ^"""'^a. co:-;i:;i:;^,rir;.^,.^- - ori. „,.,.,.er ever, the oxfo.,t of whicl. you o Id 11 * T" "" '^■'^'"' "'" '"«^ "i«''t »f tLo office i„ itluT L«ndJ ' ' '""^ '"" '''« "^^'^ "^ 'P'^cbg 3Ir. Huskisson now bocinninj; to perceivo tUt fl Wn.s placed beyond possibility a„d ZTV \ '''""''''' S'"^''"* fora,onceu.oreadd..eJZI"e. " '""''^ ''"' co.fidcatid" " Mr DKAI! Dciv-r:, "CoLONUL 0,r,cr, M„yH,,, isas. conduot. •* ^^ ^^ ^"^^ •"«•'' puts upon njy o:^:;:::::;j:.::;tsr.;:.^i:t^ ^^'^ t^^- »^ ^^ "^-.'.^l >.y one «nd ,l.e .Jo fee 1 1 ."'V'""^' ' "^^ W.-..S not f„r ,„,., l.u,, f„, .„„ ^^ "'"'«; f' *7'« «""P'y tI..,s:_TI,at it f"r n,vvote nl.de it eC eJ ^ - "'■''^"''*' '" "^ «^^'vice. I felt, that I bS ,* ."°'*' "'^ *^^"™ '^''^ ^H'-^^ty's tl'nr, vote , that the 11^ i?i,;r'''^"'^ •"• '"•^'•"■"^')' ^^^^ '« give tl'Ht the disunion war « ■ ' l" ' "" ?'" '^^ ""'""^ ""P"''"'- i felt that, possihl,. ,„;",' ^ZT^: ''-- " reality; but I also case ,„u shonld; /ought n I hL d """ '"^ °' '^' "'"^ *'-'- '" LonJ Liverpool) to rcFie vo v „ f " T " '"""'»'• «^^«i«" with aonai con.sidL, Ln to a dVme I^d 1- ''"^""^ "'^'"^ ""' "^ P- " you had not misconceived fh^f ;. purport of tn^v second letter I am t "'Tr'""' ''' ^«" '' '^^ -PP0..e n,e guilt, of the "oi.Je o'f'" '' ''"* ^°" °°"''^ "°* . VOL. It. . "'*" ''"*^'"'' yourselves to the necessity of It Mm 130 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLIX0T05. [ism soliciting mo to rem liii in my olTiL'e,' or do tno tlie injnsfice of believing tlmt I coulil ho cujmblo of plucing jou in tlio alternntiTe of choosing between tlio continuance of my services, audi as llicy are, anj the loss to your administration of one particle of character, which, I agree with you, is tlio foundation of confiilcnco. " If, understanding my communication as I intended it to be understood, you had in any way intimated to me either that the occurrence, however unfortunate, was not one of suflBcient moraeut to render it nccuHsary for you, on public grounds, to act in the manner in which I had iiSHumod that you possibly might think it necessary, or that you wero undis that ncce^~*ity, in eitlier case there vould have been an end of tlio matter, lu the first supposition, I should have felt that J had done what in honour and fairuos» towards W. HVSKISSOX. you I was bound to do ; but it never would have entered my imagina- tion that I had claimed or received any sacrifice whatever from you or any member of his Majeaty'a Government. 1828.] Mn. IIUSKISSON-S REsra.VATION. 1.11 - .1.0 «eal,, of office on 1 ,.: rn'.^ ''r'-'^'^" '" -""''-^ f'"'" oo 1 .1 2 1 ".' /"'''"«^ *'"> ^•^■••3' "•"V.tso of carded. M.-. ij ki " .^^i:, ^ "'p f "'" "" ''"^'"« '-" 'J'- ".on..n.t oblivious of wh t Td fj ; '" ""'""' "'" '" ""' or ho would scarcely have I, ,1. '^ "'"' ^"-""°""' *^°"«-l"on..'0. impeuctrablc Duke ;- '"^I''''""""" "'"J" no iu.|,ro.ssion ou the 3our let,or Ic Tac:;;;^ ;.':;:4': --'-^--'- -Jer which I rcc.eiv.d -0 that ,ou I0..0 ,.0 "i. ,ff . '"'" "' ^'"""'°"''^- ^' '"'-'"^ your oHic. i,. otho ,. ' t::? "" "" °'^""'^"''>- °f l''-'"S Co...... 'n.s. ti,e el, L ; ;t" "'"' '""' f^'"*^*^ "' ''^ ^--^ "f "-ted. «„t'l .n„,st .s I .i k U t if' iTT" "''°" '"'^ P"'"* -»■ :iJ 132 LIFE OP THE BUKE OF ■WELLINGTON. [1828. I uiulor the circumstances under wliicli I received it, as a tender of re- sigimti(ni, and Inid not laid it before tlie King, I .siiould luive exposed tlio King's Government and myself to very painful mi.sconstruc- tions. ])Iy answer to your letter will have informed you that it sur- prised mo much, and that it g.ivc me great concern I must consider, therefore, the resignation of your office as your own act, and not as mine." Nothing can more strongly mark the resolution of the Duke to sliiike off the Ministerial connection witli Mr. Ilu.skisson tlian this coiiimunication. Hud he desired sincerely to retain the services of the '• Canningito," he would gladly have accepted the explanations offered, wheliier they originated in a desire to remain in charge of the seals of the Colonial Office, or a»sense of delicacy towards the Didie himself Mr. Iluskisson now sought to excuse himself to the King, and we have here the result of his endeavour to obtain an iutervicff with his Majesty :- "DowNiSd STBEtT, Mat/ a>(/;, le-JS " My hear Dhke, '' On Tuesday last I wrote to the King, to solicit an audience. Ilis Majesty has not yet been pleased to grant me tliis honour. '•In tlie expectation (not unnatural for me to entertain in t!io situation which I hold) of being afforded an o[iportunity of WMitiin' upon his Majesty, I have deferred acknowledging your letter of the 21st. which, pii.ssing by altogether all that is stated in mine of the same d;ite. _j-ou c(Miclude jji the following words: — 'I must, therefnc, consider the resignatiou of your office as your own act, and not as mine.' " I will not revert to the full explanation which I have already given you on this subject. Not denying that my first letter might be eapaole of the construction which you put upon it, I would ask you whether it be usual, after a construction has been from the first iiioment explicitly disavowed, to persist that it is the right one? It being, however, the construction to which you adhere, I must assume, as you laid the letter before his Majesty, that you advi.sed his Miijesty upon it, and that iiis Majesty is, therefore, under the same misappre- hension as younself of what I meant; the more especially as I li.ivo no means of knowing whether any sub.swiuent letters have been laid before his Majesty. " It was for the purpose of setting right any erroneous impression 1828.] MR. HUSKISSOFS RESlGNATIOIf. 133 in the rojal mind that I sought to be admitted as soon as possible into his Wajost^-'s presence. "I ^va3 tlion as I am still, most anxious to assure bis Majesty that notlung could have been f..,.,.. f.om n,v intention than tbat'.holet m question should have been at all submitted to his Majesfv-to whi I :T1 I" '" -^^^'^"'^ ''" °'— '--- and feelings under Which It had been written,-to point out t„ bim that I had taken the proeautiou (usual between Ministers in ..utters of a delicate and eonfl- b le e 1 ' r? T"" '' "^.'^'"•^ '' '"''P '''' «"^'i-* - --h as possi- ble confined to the respective parties) of making the letter, 'p ivato andconfidcntiaV-tbat I understood that thl^ letter, s m rl ed poeia ly to ,uard its object, had been, without previous' com : L t.on of any sort with me-i„ respc to the transaction referred to but not explained in the letter itself-laid before bis Majesty Is eon' vey.Mg to the foot of the throne my positive resignation "I should further have had to state to his Majesty the great pain and eoncer,, wh.h I felt at finding tiuit a paper should have been sub- mitted to his Majesty, and described to him as conveying „,y rcsi.- na ,o„ of the seals in a form so unusual, and with a re^tricL s^ unboeoniing towu:ds my Sovereign, as is implied in the words • private and confidential;' that in a necessity so painful (had I felt such a neees,sity) as_ that of asking his Majesty's permission to withdraw from h,s service, my first anxiety would have beeo to lay my reasons, in a respectful but direct cqmmunication from n.yself, at his Majesty s feet; but that, most certainly, in whatever n.'ode coj ^.■Jed the uppermost feeling of my heart would have been to havo aceou.pan.ed it with those expressions of dutiful attachment and -pectful gratitude which I owe his Majesty, for tne many d umfonn proofs of confidence and kindness wiJ. which he has be a gnicously pleased to honour me since I have held the seals of e Colonial department. '^f I had been afforded an opportunity of thus relievin.. myself from he painful position in which I stand towards his M^.jT should hen have entreated of his Majesty's goodness and sense of JUS ice to permit a letter, so improper foi- me to have writte f ft could have been in my contemplation that it would have be n^ Ld Neither should I .ave concealed from his Majesty my regret con- M.jtsty and his Government, that I had not taken a different mode of doing what for the reasons fully stated in my letter of l" 2 Is I found myself bound in honour to do, so as to hay'o proventetrcrha;>B! 134 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1828. the misconception arising out of luy letter, written immediately after tlie debate. " I liave now stated to you frankly, and without reserve, the sub- stance of all that I was anxious to submit to the King. I have done so ill the full cuuUduiioe tliat you will do me the favour to lay tliis Statement before his Majesty ; and that I may be allowed to implore of iiis Majesty that he will do me the justice io believe that, of all who have a right to prefer a claim to be admitted to his royal presence, I am the last who, in a matter relating to my.self, would press that claim in a manner unpleasant to his 3Iajesty's wishes or inclinations,— I bow to them with respectful deference, still retaining, however, a confidence founded on the rectitude of my intentions, that, in being removed from his Majesty's service, I may be allowed the consolation of knowing that I have not been debarred from tlie privilege of my office in consecj[uence of my having incurred his Ma- jesty's personal displeasure." Mr. Huskisson must Lave been but imperfectly informed of the influence of the Duke in the royal Cabinet, and still less of tlie implacable character of the Premier's resolution, if he expected that any other reply to the foregoing letter could have been sent him than the following : — ,, -.r TT "LoNDox.Jlfay 25(4 1808. " My dear Huskisson, " It is with great concern that I inform you that I have at last attended his Majesty, and iiave received his instructions respect- ing an arrangement to fill your office. " I sincerely regret the loss of your valuable assistance in the arduous task in which I am engaged." The "concern" and the "sincere regret" of the Duke must bo accepted in the ordinary sense of unmeaning courtesy. Tiie Duke could not have meant that he had attended the King with "great concern," because there was really no eartiily occasion for his doin.iiiii, wcie tlif> creatures of tl::' priest it was *•> tliis couibiiiutioji I hut it was owiii? Ernaneifation, tliey ii.; 1 been told, would cure all these evils, But, ill addition to ojnancipation, they would also be obliged to give to ('it Oatholic I'ii'ivcli the whole csial'^.ishment of the Pritestant Church, after which the con , try w^h Id be exposed to ,he sane evils Avhich nov^ prevailed. On 'ill former occasions, too, it had been pro- posed to grant political power c>.i\y in co.'»iiect!0« with cUi ctual securi- ties for the Protestant constitution in church aud state: but now, se- curities wure not even hinted at. lie wished to see real distinct seoiuities proposed, before he would consent to give any vote in favour of these claims, lie denied that any inference could be drawn from the example of other countries -xcept this, that the Roman Catholic religion, in its natural state, wa not a religion favourable to good government in any country. " He begged their lordships fo observe, that, in the very countries of Europe where the sovereigns possessed great power, the govern- ments were under the necessity of calling in the aid of the Pope to govern their subjects, either through the means of a concordat, or some treaty granted by His Holinetis, by which they obtained that authority which it was necessary for a government to possess over the clergy of the country. Now, it was utterly impossible for the government of this country to enter into any arrangement of that kind, " He did not mean to say that there was no other arrangement by which his Majesty might have the power of appointing the bishops in Ireland, and of controlling and superintending the intercourse betweeen them and the see of Rome ; but in his opinion it was utterly impossible, under the present constitution of the country, to make any arriingomeut with the Pope as prevailed in foreign states. The discussion of the question, he thought, would lead to no practical result, and would tend only to di.sturb the public mind, "From 1781 to 1791, although many momentous questions had been agitated in Ireland, the Roman Catholic question was never heard of So little indeed had -it been heard of, that his noble friend, who sat near him, had brou?hr, into the House of Commons a bill respecting the Roman Cathoi; ml it was a fact that the Lortl- Lieutciiaiit of Ireland was never ., m,, Ued respecting it, and indeed knew nothing of it, till ' n-yj' ."ore the llou.se, so little did tiie Catholio question at that t' h the public mind. He did not, however, expect that such i -uto of tranquillity would agaia occur. I8i!8.J THE CATHOLIC QUESTION 130 of Wellington, Z t^Z rT''''""'' '°"^"' "f ^''° Duke j" f.m.ro would not re Itrr'" ■''""' *'"''* '•-'• wisho had Imhorto sustained ""<=°"'rromis,.g a„ opposition as thoy I! * li I COLUMN ,X TAE rUajN-IX PABK, :, DUBLIN, 140 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1829. CHAPTER XI. The Calholio question-Tlie Duko mid Dr. tJurlls-Tlio Diiko urges Einancipntloii upon tlio Kliw-The Cutliulic Emnnclpalion Bill broiiglil rorwuril In the House of l.ords-Currica- The^Diikc'9 Duel wilh Iho Eurl of VVlnchelaea-Deiith of Iho Earl of Llverpool-Appolnl- menl of the Duke to be Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. LT HOUGH ambiguity of ex- pression is common to di- plomatists and statesinon, because while it is supposed to pledge them to nothing, it yet opens a door to infoi-ciices in their favour, according to the degree in wliich their sup- posed Kentiments corrospoiid with those of the public, there is often nothing more unfor- tunato in its results tiiiin equivocation— tampering with a great question in a double sense. The Duke of Wellington probably obtained a slight accession of popularity by his conciliatory speech in the early part of tiic session of 1828; but this very circumstance only contributiKl to embarrass his position, and to render a regression unavoidable. Tiie Irish Roman Catholics formed into an " Association" niulcr Daniel O'Connoll, an oloiiuent barrister of the llomish persuasion, an unscrupulous but uncompromising " patriot," was acquiring cvciy day great strength. Daring in its demands at all times, it now, upon the faith of the Premier's speech, exceeded its previous audacity. and was raising up in Ireland a power which threatened to imperil the peace of the United Kingdom. Indeed, a revolution seemed inevitable. Emancipation was declared by Dr. Curtis, the titular Catholic Primate of Ireland, to afford the only moans of ( stablishing I [1829. 1^29.] 4 'T: i I I TiiE CATHOLIC QUESTIOiV. concord ; and as tl.o Doctor had h.ld a hi,I, office in tl.o Univor^irv to n.nu loiKlurcd iiiip,)rtm,t sorveo.s to the •U-..I,. I •! i . " Mv DEAu Sm, Bsmmmm belonging to it But I naJ \i T r °" •'''•""^ individual settlement P rtv h ./ , '' ^ '''^'^ "" P>-"^''<^«' "^ '^"^•l' a It d.«pas.s,onateIy. If we could bury it in oblivion for a hort and c.nploy tl.t ti.ne diligently in L considera n^ U^^.J^ ulS r::Xtn:i;v- ----). ^ ^^ouid no. dei^^^^ Dr. Ciirti.s considered this lettor ;»i ti^^ f ^ e •, , . , f.«lj .■„p.,„blo „ b,„j .1,0 question n, o'uivi.n, set I 11 JZ DnVoafVjUv r ,. ^'^"'°l"=s and to agitation fl..,t tho iJuke of Wellington unmediatoly reconimended the Kin- ■ -..., ! Iniii from his office. ■^ '' ■ -vo The recall of Lord Anglesey increased the irritation of the Roman tottering btate Its effect upon tho Tories was to inspire them with the most complete confidence in the Duke as the chumpL of p;;;:;: With the close of the session of Parliament, the discussions regard- upon the legis- Lll'E Of TIIH DUlvH Ob' WKLUNfilON. . iiiiimtioii liitiiro, tlic Government would be found iufloxillo in its d( 10 oppose tlie elaiiris of tlio Piipi-ts. Tt iiftMleth not to tell tlie i-o;iu and d(\ iislation. Yet, my Lords, , hich we must have looli -I— Iheso ar.- the means which we must have applied-to put an end to this state of things, i ad not made the ojilion of bringing forward the measures for which, I say, I am responsible. lUit 1^ us look n litllo further. If civil «ai is so bad, when it Is occasioned by resistance to the C,u\. rinneiit— il' it is so bad in tho case 1 have slated, and so much to be avoided— how much more is it to be avoided when wo arc to arm the people, in order that wo may conquer one part of them by exciting the other part nmiinst them ?" )0l" sacrifice perily 1'. crisis, tli . oi servant 1' .-s ni. this Is the ri'.^ource to - !8?0.1 CATHOLIC liMANCIPATIOX. 143 not slldW Iii'h M.liostv n , ,il «^er repeat., uJ:Z:L '!JZ:"\:' '''/f ''''"^- ^^^ '-«tb. Kin.''H .cn,pl.. at one. .ni ,. '"'""^' "'^■''- '-'^-Hu... Tl.o /"doIoMt, Geoigo IV could rw V i 7"'» '"'"""""'•cly old and "i-l.ont lio,Tnr;_|,o ;,.„.'•. 7'"*^' "P"" a r.M.nll of tl.o Wh.V. f-n. t.,0 i.fl..i,in,;;\ •' f ^^^^^ anno„ncon.e„t of ti.o fo^lheo:!/: ^ ^ '"■^^ """°"''"'- suhjoct fur consideration. In the tonrlT,; ,, "■™""»«"J'^d tho f'o B..K-0 of Wellington anlo!; e^d le t ^ G "v"^^ °'' '''^^ ^'^^^^^' pared to propose a inoasnre f„r fl Government were pre- 7 announee^ent ^^^lJ:Z/lZ;r:Sf:: l' ''' ?''''^^ ' tlio Parliament or the public I,v JZ u ''''■^ *"'''^" cither could scarcely be believe n, ft Z^^i ^'' !'- *-'^^ of which seldom spoke in vain. Rs eff 1 1„ t r ^'"^^ ^' °"° '^'^^ was maddening. 3Ien i„ ,tm fl r';°:""' ^'^^^'^ «ouse3 even the «-,t, .,f roasonin: kc 1 pon t^^^^ ''''' 'f ^P^-^ed ns a positive injury to themse ves l^f" ''7["P"^^J ^<^t of grace bulwarks of Protestantism-' ■ alt M^.'V' ' "ndermi„o the r^uliar objects of hatred a'ndvenneeW-f",°' '"^ "^"^ Perceval and Eldon school, persccutron " I '"^'"""'^"^ °^ ^''^ Catholics was the be-all andfhe cnd;n of 7-'"Y"''' °^ '''' '''^^'^^ political system ; take away the TolfraJ '■'"' '^°''^^''' '^"^^ "^ ^teir «ole object of tl.nr n.undane existence T?'? " "'^ *'''^ ^°«' *'^« carried, all men at once perceived The TC; '"*"'" """'* ^° great Captain ' proposed if ; th^Sidi, :^ '" T'T""^ '' ' '^' 'n the Lower House was prepared to nd v °\'''*^ ^W party over anxious to see their riJa out now?"" n' ''" ^'^'S'^' 1^°^- T'^us, n. the eyes of the i i: l^L'^HfTo ' '^"^ '"' ""^' '*• Constitution was gone for evl,. ThrTtiir.^red,^^:^ ^ ■ Tl,e perpetual cry ihnt the Constitution wa, Ceorge Canning, when it wo, ur«ed by the eneril . iJ"' f ?' " """^'^^ •"' ™«^»«nt '<> P™1 .l.e Vitality Of a.e liritlsh Cons.UuUon to ^ of t'^T' '"'^ °" "" •"^™^'"" "« «>■»- Bu^ry tale:- '» ""' "^ '"« dofr of old Mother Hubbard iu the "She wtut to Uie baker's To buy him «oma bread. if ,IM M li- 144 LIFE OF TIIK DUKE OF WEU.lKflTON. fl8'.'9 Bwrnt revongo. Tl.oy could aH«ck m.-l vilify tl.o men w!.o were tl„m n.«ki.i« a Hucrificc of their UK.st cheri^liccl opit.io.m and .,«m.c.-.t,ons, in or.l.T to «avo the State from ti.roatei.cJ .onvnl.i' t,. A.al tlus pnrtof tl.oir public ,UUy thoy pcrfnnncd to ndu.inmon. .Nover «.. MiniHtcr BO ns.n.led in this country, Ah for the Puke, .t had been better for him that ho were Bonaparte hin.Helf ; for tho voc.huhuy o nhuse against that provoking personage was comparatively i.nut.d .The pens m.d tongues that for fourteen years and more had been employed in lauding hlu> as the hero of heroes, were now with ,. much activity an.l a fresher motive engaged in heaping on the lUuv trious Baviour of his country every epithet of contmuely wh.eh insulted honour and virtue can apply to the traitor. The Puke of Wellington was on a tripod of whieh each support was a treachery He was a traitor to the Protestant cause ; a traitor, and a furtive oi„,. to boot, to the Whigs, who had been working at this question with exemplary Quixotism and great political fame for near a .juarter of a century, and who now «aw the Duke's sword wreathed with then coveted laurels ; a traitor, above all, to the memory of Canning, who had been ' hunted to death.' only a year or so before, because he liiul wished to free the Catholics, and the Duke had passed the mot. W oaUc that the work, at all events, should not bo done by him who had li:s heart in it, but, if done at all, bo effected by a cold State policy anJ a calculating expediency. There wore the two devoted stateMuun, the heath on fire all around them ; and, not only the prey of tlieir enraged associates here, but assured, on the very highest clerical authority, that their fate was a matter of certainty hereafter. The Duke bore it all with his constitutional imperturbability, so long as the attacks were of a purely public and political nature. Perhaps his chief annoyance arose from the pertinacity with which his opponents forced him, night after night, to make preiiKitiiro Bpeechcs on the proposed measure, ere it came in a formal way before the House ; for this guerilla warfare interfered with his ideas of regularity and discipline ; but all the rest ho despised, as indeed he could well afford to do, being sure of the rectitude of his o«n motives. . And when slio canio buck Tlio.ilog wiia iluad! She went lu Uie luidcrtaker't To buy him a colllii, And when she came bnck The do:,' wus luiiglilnu' !" Buch, Mid Canning. nld bo the fa.e of our Constitution. Catholic Emanclpnllon or nn; other popular mea. .,o mife'Lt kill it, but 08 »urve should toJ i» * laughing." mb,] '"'i: I'ATIIOI.k; imi ™»n,„r .„„„„j,,,, i:,';v:\ r; ;;:: ,;r .' ' "■■■ ^'"'t I'-l l.i , , ;, ; : 7'""-" t'-at c,.ul.l be a.Iv,.,,,,...,!.,.; never oo„IJ have boei. ■ !,,/„ '"''"' '" '"'^■"'' ^^'"^ ">"l ;;"«'^i. 1- public sp..akin. was „ni,,„o. I f Jt l.o , ;,'\''T'^"'' «ity of a eo„e.s.i,n. wl.ieh could n.H bn^o b Ij;^:, tj't :?■ T there appeared t„ bo no sub.stiti.to " • ^ ' "' '''"'''' _ From the very many ^pccchos made by tl.o Duke of AVMH f in the course of the passage of tl,o Catholic illlt^^'" and iu others hin,.clf, it is not \^Z , '"^ ""^ ""-^''^^"•° pill' leu ar (lue^t on r l,..,i i , "•"j' to wisu f Un tliia of tl,i. bouse, to take a p:rtreul Ll 'n' ' "'/ T''''^'^ ' peculiar as a matter of t.,.f,. hVT '""^ ^° "'°"«'''fc the cieternuna;;: -er tv; ': j°';,:"J-^'""' ' '""•'' ""^^^^ "P- ""til the Goverrm.,t e , ", .Co TT f """^ '^"^'^'••^" the legislature Uv !oW ° w ^"'"""' •'^'"'"''' I"'"!^"'^" it to eversir.. d ■ea.ismt" ' T ^^"''^ ^^-'Sf-d) hnow.s, that country ha o been ^ !'. " "'"""'^" government, of this overpr'opo"l "a C vl?";^/''" ^^''''^'' ^^--'-l t'.eir relief in 'roc.;;.dotiKCtI ' T° "'?'"" '' ""^ "''^'^■^"•'^ "^ cabinet whid ac in. . P "' ^" "•■•^'-" ^'^ *'"^ ^^'-mtion of a i-a.i„thet:^;,:;t:~;;rir^^^ ''OL. ir. ' illustmtcd Loiui 10' on >'cw3.' consent of that \m U(i L[i'K iW 'I'lIK D'Jlvi'] OK WELLIXai'ON". [1829 imlivitlu.ll. tlic lan.^t iatorcstt';! In- liis sl;itii)ii. lii-i Jiity. and llie iiinst, Biicred of uU oWiiratioii.s, c.f any imliviiluiil in tlij empire. It was iiecos-'^ary, I any, tliat I .should obtain the cDnsenl of that individual, before the ineinbi'ra of the (jl(jveiMiuiuut could consider the (|nostioii as a Government one. Xow, under such eircamstance.s u.s the.se, would it have been proper in me to lave breathed a syllable on the Rubji'ct until I had obtained the consent of tiio illuslriou.s per.sona^c to whom I have alluded?' I call upon my noble relative to answer this fjuestion, if he can, in the negative. I bei; of my noble relative to ask him.self this (question, wiiether I was wrong in havinj; kept secret my views, since the month of July or August, not talking to any man upon the subject, until I had the consent of that exalted personage, to form a goveruient upon the principle of taking the question to which I have alluded into consideration? My noble relative ought to place himself in my situation — he ought to see •■.vhat was expected of me ; and then, instead of blaming me for acting as I have done, he would .see that if I had acted otherwise, I should Lave been highly blaineable. " When the question had been decided — when I received the per- mission, so as to bo enabled to make the declaration — on not having made which, alone the aecu.sation of surprise can be founded — tlio opening of the ses^5iou was so near that it was impossible to nuike known what had occurred earlier, or in any other manner than by the speech from the throne." Aud upon the 4t!i of April, 1S20, the Duke, in allusion to the imputed danger of the Protestant Church in conceding the Oathalio claims, said : " It has been repeatedly as.sumed by many of your lotdships, in the course of the discussion, but particularly by the right reverend pre latos who have spoken, that the Cimreh of Ireland (or, as I have recently been reminded, the Church of England in Ireland) is iu danger. I call on those who apprehend that danger to state clearly whqther that danger, ou thi.^ particular occasion, is more to bo expected as resulting from legislation or from violence. If they say it is resulting from legislation, I answer that their apprehensions aro puerile. It is impossible to suppose that a small number of persons admitted into this house, and a small number admitted into the otiier house, while wo have aProtestant Sovereign upon the throne, should bo productive of legislative danger to the Church of England iu Ireland. I beg to observe, with respect to tin! point relating to tl:e uuiou of the two countries, that a fundauiental article of the Uuioa 1 LorJ I.ongrord had accused him of concealment. 1829.] PERSONAL noSTILITIK 147 is fhe junctini) of flm t„-r. „i . can occur to .l,e Clu.rcl, of Irol. Ll\..; ," "'"■'■^"'■°' *''•'" any mischief the two countries. There is ,'0 • ' "'■''•''°'' '" "'° "'"•"" of Parhament members of the 11,1,, C r "" '^^ '"^'"'^ '"^0 -»e time. ,y another meas r .'S::.''^-:;'^- '""' ^•^^' "' '''^ "•e equally rely, we propose ro^u To ,s Ir t ', ''' ""^ °" "■'"■'^'' of destroyiu, the iuflueuee o tl e^ Ca L 'm" V'^'^ *'"^ ^'^-^ of u>embe..s of Parliament, W n ve e ! ■ U '" "" ^^-^-» and do e.peet that it will gi^^add t „, , "^ -'"'""'"^ "'<^ ""-'-"■•«> of the State." ^ additional security to all the interests Few public measures, perhans 1,o,.» i. r.OnD WIN-CIIELSEA. fi'isabillties The T) 1 f-'S form, He liZ',:r2:'Z''''''' " *^° ""^^ ""-™P™- Wotherall, He told ^J^Z^ J^L^T?-""'''''^' ^'^^ ^^I-'- TOtiDffontheouGst;-, \\ ^'^"-'^f^''^. who wished to b" o^-.r-i " '"''"'' ^'^^ ^^ -« '^^ P-f-t liberty to .ainlai:!:!: I fill nip m ■ 1 ' ill «-t-A:j o^ Tff •iwi Ki4{tt. [mks LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLIITOTON. [1829 own opinion, but, that, an Miistor-Gonoral nf tlio Ordnance, he must support his Mrijc'sty's Government. Lord Wiuclielsea iiaving said tliat the Duke, '• under tlic chialc of some coloured show of zeal for the Protestant religion, carried on insidious designs for the infringement of our liberties and the introduction of Popery into every department of the State," the Duke called him out. Ilis Grace was attended by Sir Henry Ilardinge, and Lord Winchelsca by the Earl of Falmouth. The Duke fired and missed his adversary — Lord Winchelsoa fired in the air, and then withdrew liis insulting language.' The bill was read a third time on the 10th of April, and received the royal assent on the 13th of the same month. It was a strong proof of the immense personal influence of the Duke in the House of Peers, that, in the summer of IS'.'S, that House had declared by a majority of 45 that emancipation was too manifestly a breach of the Constitution to bo even discussed; and in the spring of 1829 it de- clared by a majority of 105 that the Bill was altogether consistent with the Constitution, and if it did no good, would at least do no harm to the Protestant Church I The Earl of Liverpool, after a lingering illness, died on the 4th of December, 18:28. On the 1st of January, the King conferred t!io office of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports upon the Duke of V/cllington. The nature and duties of this office arc very little known. When tlio newspapers occasionally spoke of the Duke having gone to Waliiicr on business connected with his office, the natural impression was tliat ho was merely obliged to go through some form or other that was ncccs- gary to his enjoyment of a sinecure. This was not the case, the duties attaching to the office being very onerous and varied in their nature. 1 111 nn imnij'iiiiiry coiiv(^rsatioii, in Uio " United Service Magazine" of llic lime, llie luliowiii^ oiiccJiile is reliUed : — " Hector. .Vpropos of pistols— what do you tliinlf ? 0:ir warliico Premier and his Sccrulary-al- War could not iniialcr a case of pisloIslicUveen them. Sir II. was at lenglli accomniodaU'J «iili u pair by a hiijii miiilary olllcial, himself the last man in England to use them wantonly. "<1/iVrs. More ominous of peace tliau pugnacity, aiiotlior proof lliat our "occiijiatioii's gone." "//.r(»)-. I iinderslatul an amusin? episode occurred, to vary the tragical tendency of lliu reiicunlrr. Dr. Hume was privately engaged by Sir Henry llardiiiiju to attend him to llie II M. The Doctor felt uneasy, and, Willi a very laudable feeling, secretly iiil'ornied the Dake of \Villiii;!- toii that .Sir llrnry was going to light a duel. His (iraco kept his countenance and hi-, cotniscl, and Dr. II. was much edilled on seeing the Duke himself take \\\i ground, as Premier m hv<\\ sinses ! ^' ISnic:. Ha, ha! Excellent! ^^Milrs. Happily, the all'air has terminated wilhout serious conaciincnccs ; but the Dakc aniiiK' his schemes of llriaiicial economy, must not overlook in his own person, iiiiil ./.>■ a iiuhlic i/u.'n, lli« ecuiwmij of life : ouLiigli that Iho iiulioii needs uo further proof of his double 9J LORD WARDEN OF THE CLXQUE PORTS. 149 As originally constituted, the Lord Wardenship of the Cinque the Conqueror for the consolidation of his power o,, the coast Z Fn-.l.'^es and powers of the office have become modified, to suit tie ahercd state of soe.ety and of governn.ent. The jurisdic ion of t s officer extends over a wide range of coast; fro.n Lyond Mar. te ia at .h.e a fore^n ene.ny might be e.peeted to attempt a landi,,. Anciently the Lord Warden combined various offices, of whicl fo nr:r;v:, ''';"''-^' ;- ''- '''''-' ^'^"^ .node;„ funetioiat ne W..S, for the district he commanded, similar to a sheriff of a county a lord-lieutenant of a county, a Gustos Rotulorum, and an adm.ra, but w„h an authority g.eater than that wielded by any admirn of the fleet of the present day, because more irrcsp^.sible and self-dependent. The modern Lord WT.rden retains many of the powers and privileges of his predece.ssors. but shorn of their for.nidable character. The Lord Wa,-de„, as Constable of Dover Castle is the person to whom w>it,S are directed from the superior courts to'ucliin.. persons _I,vn,g within his jurisdiction. He is, thus,a kind of sheriff On receivnig these writs, he u.akes out his warrant, which is executed by an officer called a '• b.dar," who, by the way, Is (or till recently was) also the person to execute writs o,it of the local or district court of Hastings. The Lord Warden's uuder-sheriff is the clerk of Dover Ca,stle, where there is a prison for debtors, in the custody of the constable. In former days tl e were held sundry court( of adjudication, at which the Lord Warden p.esidod, the rest of the court being compos.-d of the mnyors of the towns included in the jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports, t!.. bailiffs, and sundry inhabitants suminoned as -'jurats." In modern days the number of these courts IS reduced, but there still remains the " Court of Brotherhood" and ti.e Curt of Guestling" which, however, are only rarely held llie saine functionaries constitute the court in each case; so that tl.e administration of justice becp.ncs as close and compact an affair as the Ecclesiastical Courts themselves. The object of a.ssembling these courts was to fulfil a part of the duties imposed by the ori<.i„aI charter, that of famishing ships to tho cr-w.i. This, of course" has ioug smoo become obsolete; but the Courts of " Brotherhood^' and ot ■■Gucsthng" are hchl prior to enol, coronation, for the purpase of »'^>kn.g a,r.„..e„,ents as to the '■ Baron.s" of tho Cinque ports, in •vspect of iheir right to hold tho canopy over the King's head on «.on of that ceremony. T. Ml twi.o to the l.,t of the Duko of -t p!v..!rtt- at tlifsc courts called lor coronation purposes W I 1 ' 1 ISO i,Ii-F, iiV TiiK DUKE OP WELLTNUTOIf. [1829-. first on oc-caMDu of I ho corfi^nlidii of William IV., (iiul t!io .'♦ocoiiil time on tlmt of our iiioht ^ltmcmou.-! Sovoreign. Of coiirso tliG fimetioiis ir.id jiiri.sdictioii of tlio Lortl Wanleii, and tlio spcciiil jii'ivilc'ge.s of tlic Oiiniuu Ports liiivo hwu tiiiicli iibridgctl, more especially by tli" Jlunicipal Corporatioti Hefuriii Aet; tlie object being to assimilate tliosc privileges with the geiieral iiiuiiieipal constitution of tlio empire. But no attempt was nuide to interfere with what rcmnincil of the jurisdiction of the Lord Warden a:-, Admi- ral of the Coa.st. Tiiis jurisdiction embraces inatiy subjects usually confided to the miinieipality : but, on the, other hainl. the mayors of BOmc of the towns are rx officio member- of the courts ludd for thu purpose of pcrfonniipg these fuiietiotis. The principal is the '• Court of Lode Manage." at which pilots are licen.sed, and all complaints heard of miseonduct or inefficiency; and other duties are pjrfornied connected with the local government (>f those ports in all thit relates to their ancient character or their maritinie affairs. Attached to the oiJiee of Lord Warden of the Citirjue Ports is W^almer Castle, an ancient bnilding which holds a middle place be- tween the ancient and modern fortifications. It is coeval with Deal Castle of the time of Henry VIII. : with Sandown Castle they form a defence for the Kcntisli coait I'Hween Sandwich and Dover. ■^' \r i; rvTLi. — xioar WATCU. 1830.1 THE CORX-LAW QUESTION. 151 >J ciiAn^Eu xrr. Tho Diikp and (he Pro^— i',.i.ii„... . UPPORTED by the Connnons. and governing the Lords Spiritual and t '0 Lord. Temporal, the Duke had tl>ree estates of the realm at ;;:, T'T'- ^^ *''° °^^^ Tories !vf. ^7^'^'=" the "traitor," the Whigs had given hin, their adhe- «'on,andheth„sMo„dinapo.sitioa .scarcely le« connnanding than that enjoyed I,y AViilian, Pitt i„ his Palnnest days. li„t there w.s ^no.I.er "estate" whie!- the l)uko oi \elhngton had not yet bent mighty press-disallowed his strength ''.; ^ ^''". •" ^""^"' "-^'- ^'xtonuated l,is apparent anos «! f , ''"''^°"' ^''''"^' "^^ '"^^'''y -vod the causo !, rei i^^ i I r" ] 7" P'"'^' '^"^"^ '' '-^ '--•aid ., , t!,e prh io ; .° """""■"'^"■^" *''^'^- '-P^^^ that -forests or the Prot.s,.:;^ C .r^ f \; '"'^, "'^ "^^^•'-^- "^ ^ho "'« High C-.U,.:. Party!!; r~o T "' '" '-"P'-^-tatives of > "<-. iK-vjud measure indignant at his '^'«'/'ci/,,|orm(ir«!„,,pi:„| ,„„,„„ ,„ , „ „ :! '■■^'^-"-.'^ry l!.„r..-.„..:„:„. „, '„:;' !' '"; '■; ^^""'7- -'•" «-^^ht .".,.», ,1,0 ,vs,o„. -f r - [h- 163 LIFE OP THE DUKE OF WELLINaTON. [1830 acsertion of tl.cir cause. The Mornv>s Journal, a paper of nnc • promising hostility to the Catholic., expressed the anger of the Tor s i the m^st violent language. It charged the Duke n.lh " despicable cant and affected n>oderatiou" -with a wat.t of n.erey eon.pass.on, and of those more kindly and tender sympathies ^vh.ch d.stmguush the heart of a man from that of a proud dictator and ^y^^^\^^^ imputed to him gross treachery, or arrant cowardice and art.face ''"riic' Duke had never held the newspaper press in much respect The information which it conveyed to d.e public during the 1 enu.su- lar War. although of the deepest interest to the British communUy, ^as offensive to him, because the same information reached the enemy ^^hom it was of imporrauce to keep in ignorance of the operations ot the English camp a^d the disposition of the troops. Moreover, tl,o press libelled him without mercy, giving publication to the grossest falsehoods, and assigning the worst n.otives to those acts which provca to be the result of the mast consummate judgment, the most protou.id forethought, and the purest patriotism. But ho took no steps to pro- cure the punishment of ih" libellers. lie despised, or affected to .k- Bpise them-he found a safety-valve for his wrath in calling tlieui " rascally," '• liccnti^.u? and so forth ; and upon one occasion he wroti' to Sir lie'nry Wollosley, » What can be done with such libels and sue!: people, excepting to despise them, and continuing one's road wiihuut noticing them?" It had been well for his renown if he had coi.timiea this lofty policy, leaving to time the assertion of truth and Llie eu.,- fusion of his maligners. Whether yielding to the advice of his colleagues in the Cabinet am the law officers of the Crown, or actu.g from his own spontaneous «i!l. the Duke caused Mr. Alexander, the editor of the Mornmg Juunm'. to be prosecuted for his libels, and the result was the punishment v\ that gentlemun with fines and imprisonment. These prosecutions created a strong feeling of disgust and (Ii.-,li!u' throughout che country. They aggravated the hostility of the Tork. and did not please the Liberals ; Sir James Scarlett, the Attomty General, was u Whig, and lost ground with his friends and the imiiii- for acting "under a Tory ministry governing on Whig priiicipli- Much discu-sion arose in Parliament respecti>>g the prosecutiims and Sir Charles Wetherall. vho had refused to defend Mr. Aloxnn.K:' on the score of the excited stale of hk own feelmj^ against tho (i''. ernm.nt. moved for copif* of the proceedings on the ex ojlich :; formatioiK. a^in^ M^r. AkxunJer, as a peg whereon to hang scv.iv aaannmr^^ or. the tyrasnirnl ^-ondiu-.t -f tlio Duke. Sir Oliailes [1880 of nncoiii- ' tlie Torios • despicaljlc compassion, distinguihli tyrant. It and artifieo icli refpcct he Peiiiiisu- commuuity, .1 the enemy perations itt' [oreover, tlie the grossi-t fhioh proved ost profound steps to pro- fecti'd to de- calling tiieiu sion lie wrote )els and sue!'. road wit hunt lad eoiitimied and the cun- ! Cabinet anl iitaiieous will. ling Joiirii'i'. unisliuieiit I'l it and di.^lilie of tlie Toiie> the Atturiiey- md the puliii' g priiieip!e> pro.sucutidiis. ilr. Aioxandc- ainst the (ii'-- 3 cx ojjido i: • 3 hang 8cvei'' Sir 'OlmrK'S I830.J NATIONAL DISTRESS. 1S3 I rLev he re, In .1 • •^"'"«"t« •" favour of an extended cur- ;^;-fi::::;^.err:.^ g t hem n.eans o lending capital to .speculators and bringi g „ country to he ve.go of ru,n. He wa.s of opinion that the (so e.lled^ -pn.able u,lju.stn.ents would .soon annul the advantage ob ii ed j an .Iherenee to the principles of justice and good faUh. H ascr bed detx^Kse n the den.and for labour, a^.d finally he showed that tho reports of national distress had beer, exaggerated T klL 1 c.nu,try was not of that n.agnitude which son.e persons he affirnd The noble lord (Stanhope) is quite at liberty to induce in sue! vect.ves ,f .t pleases hin. to do so, but if he suppo.s flit e Z £fi!';:.:t;^r-st:s - ^P^a. the truth,and not to flatter the-pLjudiL^Xreporit:: n m iBi LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLIKOTON. [1889. of any man. In speaking t!ic truth, I shall utter it in the language that truth itself most naturally suggests. " I request your lordships to look at the state of the savings banks. A measure was some time back adopted to prevent the investment of money in those banks beyond a certain amount for each person, in order that the parties not entitled to it should not derive the advan- tage which is intended for the poorer classes. Large sums were drawn out of those banks soon after ; but they have since revived in some degree. Whence has the money come ? From the lower classes. This cannot be considered as a proof of general distress. Your lordships ought likewise not to omit from your consideration the increased traffic carried ou on the railroads and canals in tbc country. Tlie noblo Earl (Rosoberry) has told your lordships that I have availed myself of th 3 increased traffic upon the roads and canals by merchants and manufacturers — in despair seeking a market — in order to represent the country in a state of prosperity ; whereas it is an additional symptom of distress. My lairds, I. said that this traffic has been increasing for years ; and that it had, in some cases, doubled in ten years. In one of the recent discussions in the House, upon the currency, the noble marquis opposite (the Marquis of Lansdowne) very truly remarked, that a large quantity of currency might be found in a country in which there should be little riciics and prosperity ; and that the facility and rapidity of the circulation of tbe currency were signs of the prosperity of a country rather than the quantity of that currency. I entirely concur in the truth and justice of this observation. But I would beg to ask the noble marquis whether it is possible that transactions can increase and multiply as they hare done in this country, in the last few years, without giving fresh scope for the circulation of the currency of tiie country, fresh employment for labour, and occasioning, in some degree, the augmentation of general prosperity ? " In the same speech, the Duke said of the Corn Laws that tlicy •^ worked well, " and " he was convinced that they could not be repealed without injury to the country " — a statement to bo forgotten by those who venerate consistency and admire the Duke of Wellington ; because, like others, upon other subjects, the assei tion only tended to show that his political opinions were inconsiderately adopted, to be easily abandoned if circumstances favoured a change in the law. The endeavours of the advocates of cheap government and liglit taxation to reduce the public expenditure were repelled by the Duke, on the ground of the reduction of our military establishments having 1880. J DKATH OF OEOROE TJIR FOURTH. 16B "'tu 10 .N.ipoluon, and tlio grandeur of his , V ? I'Koiuij: Tin-. , (ii'ii III, ideas in respect to matters of national display, had given bim a and In as «„ to tl.e ema..ipaMon of ti>e (ktholies. Even on these last points 1,0 had dofonders Ti,„ eirc«,"-^nr^ -" 1 • . .- i.!ic«),.,„.ance ui hiy marriage to a ill :m. f>1 If',!,'., 156 LIFE OP THE DUKE OF WELLINOTON, [1880. **' i wninnn lin disliked from tlio inomrnt he looked upon her, rnfiirnlly tnintcd liis wluilc exi-tcnce, nnd pulliuted l!ie trenfiuont to wlnoli ho litid Hiilijcctcd lior. Tlio retired life lie \m>\ led arose from constitu- tioiinl iiidoleneo, and a reluotnnco to exhibit liis person, wiiicli. from early liubits of dissipation, had long ceased to typify tiio " mould of form." His concession to tlio Calliolics was excused by soiiio persons as tlic result of niitiisterial coercion, nid accfjptod liy otlicrs OS the fruit of an honest conviction. Upon ; ho wiiole, however, tiio public was not thrown into a violent state of griof upon the ocour- reneo of nn event for which frcquoTit bulletins and the cessation of public business by the Kiug had. in a mcnsure prepared them. It was '^aid at the time, and has not -ce been contradicted, that GnouffE IV. never forirave tlie Duke of \Vellinpton for compelling his asscMit to the Catholic Relief Bill, and that latterly a groat deal of O'loltiess had marked the royal reeeptitm -::-n of the Sovereign and tho Duke of Wellingt,m, the latter advi.sed the King to decline accepting tho Lord iMayor's invitation. Actio.' upon this counsel, the King did not go, and great dissatisfaction and ./ . IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // ^ // is- A n^^ ^ ^ 4 LO 11.25 [Jitt |22 * 13.6 ^i* Sf Itt 12.0 u LI 11.6 IHi4l Hiotographic _,Scifinces Corporation 23 WBT MAIN STMIT WliSTIR.N.Y. USM (716)S72-4503 H^ i\ *A. S> 4^ A ^ ,^ ? 158 LIFE OP THE DUKE OP WELLINOTOK. [18S0. disnppnintmcnt wore tlio conseqiioiice. Nothing more was needed to conipK'te tlic iinpopnlurity of the Duke. Ho had now lost another ingredient in ministerial strength — the sympathy of " the City" — nnd exposed himself to tiio intense ridicule of the press. Of this the Whigs tiiok the fullest possible advantage. When the question of iho petti, inent of the (^ivil List for the now reign came before the House of Commons, Sir Henry Parnell moved that the subject bo referred to a Si'lcct t'onimittec. The motion was opposed by iMinisters. who were left in a minority of 20, several of the old Tory party voting against them. On the same day — 15th November — a proposition for Parliamentary Reform, emanating from Mr. Brougham, was to bo brougiit to a division, and, as Ministers expected a defeat, they at once resigned tlieir offices, and Earl Grey was sent for by the King to form a Ministry. Under this Administration the Duke of AVellington held no office The command of the array was given to Lord Hill. 1881.] THE REFORM QUESTIOJf. 150 i j CIIAPTKU xiir. Tbo Roform qm<«lloi,_n,„ Mi..,i,;,,ri„| „.„ . , , , , «n.bl..,-x..,v Kill lnir,„na-<.l-,.„,.,;;„ ;;! I' '■•■"" -'-''•"'"""..„( UN.,|,e,-nc..,^ llouw of LoMs-Tlio D..ko-5 ,,Kecl,e.. -"»'"""-I» r..,.„cMl hy ,|,„ i,„i„ ,„ „,„ A1?L GREY was cno of tl.o earliest nml ..o„,.,t champions of lU.f„nn i„ lio Itopresontation. I„ |.i., y„„„, ,„. jui been celol.ratea as a declai.ncr in ti.o IIo„.se of Conunons against close '^"'•o..d„ and a limited f.ancl.isc _ "Jvanced in life, he olung tenaciously ;• '"-yearly prineiples. lie aceepted the othee of Prime Minister npon the understanding that •• Heforn. '- .houid t^p-^ .0 made a Cabinet question, and tho ^V J?;"« "-<'"t«l to the arrangement. ■ *'-<'' 'imes we, favourable to sncce<, »"J a great diflienlty it wasJl!.'' T^T' '"^"''? "' ^'^"''•^^-«- '■-.dnse, and settling the piae ? ^l^TT' "" ^"'"" "' *'- -j..y, the advantage 'f rep v , ^^ ^IH"'' 'T'"' "' ^^"^'^ ''^ "'• '--.nt. Meetings wer ev 'l^ "^ h T "1""^ "" "' "^ '^""" -^-"l.le of the nati,:,,s of the e ,,• ,^'";"""-.V->l hy the "'>'-toe.xtend and s.ren.^then ' ^'^: ""'«''^ ''^' "'^■''- '•"-•"- '"tio... It .as ...or ^E; \'';;';;"?^'-""° '^«'-es of the eonsti- «-' ".. assent to the g-no d r ^ ^; f 'li"^ " '"'^"'^'""^ ♦'"'» ^" '" '■'"•" -ery part of the Unit K 1 ' T'"- ^'^•""■'""' T'-red -^^0 public n.ind. and pn..,,. on th: I! •,,;:;'"' ^'"^^"^"^ "^ -^'"^ tl- mimlrili ^Ln!:^ 1': j^;;!; !;"'■' ;l"':" ^^'-^I' J-„ght toward "ii^ «.i3 ihtn^tcd 10 Lim because of the f 100 LIFE OP THE DUKE OF WELLINOTOX. [1831. iiifliiotipo of Iiis iiaiiio n:i.si'iit;ilii>n. Tlic prii[iosltioii wns wnnnly .Miippiirtcil by tlie Liberal party. tlmtijL'li ninny did nof consider tliat rt went far t'iioii>;li. It passed n first rrmliim without a division. Upon tlio second ri';i(liM!r Miiiis'ci's bad n nrij'>rity nt our. The? next step was to earry tlio Hill into ('Miiiniitti;,'. Hero it was mot by nn nniendiiiciit from 0(!ni>ral fJaseoyne, wliitdi placed Minisfors in a minority; and upon a later day tbey were defeateil in an attoiiipt to carry llie Ordnancn rsllniales. I'nder tliesc circumstances. Lord (Ircy advised llie King to dissolve Parliament, and to take tbe sense of tlio country upon tin' expediency of workinft out clianf^es iii tbc representation. The Kinj; yielded — Pailiamont dissolved — and tlicn(!W Parliament a.sseinbled on tlio Mill of June. Tbo dissolutiim of Parli.in.ont was celebrated in London and most of tbc frreat towiis '.vitb illuminations, and tlio populace demon.sirated tln'ir love of freedom of opinion by bvcakiiiir tlio windows of all tlio^^c peers and coininoners wbo bad expressed sentiincnts unfavourable to tbe IJcforiii Hill. Apslcy Ilonsn was prculiarly favoureil witli tlio wratli of the London mob. Almost every pane bon; cviilunce of tbc tyranny of tlio multitude. The V ore tbo inflictinn calmly, and in immediately caiisiiiij bis win t i bo protected bv iron blinds, Iio at once J^Tovidcd bis mansion with a defence a;;iiiist fufiire attacks, and prcneiited the public with a permunent monument of Iii (ipinion of the instability of p(>pular favour. Soon after (ho re-asseinblinjt of Parliament, a new bill for tlio reform of tbo representation was broii;rbt iu. It pns.sed, after niiicli aiiiinati'd discus: ion. by a majority of 181) on the second readin;:. anil of I Oil ill committee. Head a first time in tliu Hoii.so of liords. ilio opposition of that body was reserved for tbo second rendiii!;. iilnu the bill was thrown out by a majority of forty-one. This leii to tremendous tumults all over the country — at Bristol, Deibv, Nut- tinjrham. and elsewhere. The Puke of Wellinf,'ton jjavc to Parliamentary Reform strenuous opposition. In respect to this measure, his Tiraeo observed a riL'iil eonsi.stoncy. Tie made several speeches on the subject at did'eiiiit iiiiics. lie bad resisted reform as a Minister — bo resisted it bceaii'--o it was caleiilatoil to damapo the constitution of Parli;iment. Tiiei-e was no coiiiitrv in the nnivi-rse in wb'c'h so niiicb baiipiness. so niiieli prosperity, and so iniieh comfort were diffused among all the v.irions classes of society ; none iu which so many and such lar^'o projierties, both public and private, were to be found as in England. " Such ISSl.] K Rtrcnuons nrir.KM is tiii: itKPursKXTATiojf. 161 ' "-... .wl, I,: :,,;::;■ ;■;;; '■•■•';■■;■ 'i'; '«"•■•' ;:r:i:,:c;;;- tr:- '-- - -nn;^ ... .1.- c,M.„.ry-,I.,.t i,. cons,.,,uo,u.. ..f ,. ..p,,,,,", ';;'^^;" 7" ~' - "'« '-.,i„. o„ wl.iel. it now stan.Is , : I alt.>n.ti..n nn.st i...-„l i„ „ „„,i .,u„,,n e '" .; .1 I .iiii.im. lit, 1 nm of opinion that t i s iil(,.ii. ^|.. .nust 1.V0 a . ,o..s .m.t on the puhiL int.n-s.s- . ft;;^ :on. I ,lo not ohar.o ,h.. nio.t nohlo Earl and his coih.a.no ' , 1 d-..oov..,nn.,hoins,i,.ui,.nsof,ho.oun,.-v:h,.ti;n, .k a the alN.rahons p,o,,o.se,l hy the bill, without «e.i„« ,h , al'.-a.,ons inu.t he toi-owe,! hy a total ehan.e of 1 '«,;,. f'T what rea.^o.i. Ih all this to he done ? f vvill . , * ' -;r;™;'- - ' "■« -r^"'" :''"» »i: .1: r^v'piT.r.i.'- "■l"'*«l., m tl.i, »,.„„„; ,„..v I,, d,,w,„„ of Hi, ,,l,„„,,o , i\ ' "":™:;;-7:' »"r'""» '"-*-..-a..o.ii:,I.d no intore.it in thi-i .juesti i.ave m common with every individual iu the VOU 11 ion. I'xeepti countr 11 ng tliat wliioh I y- I possess no :1 ('I 102 LIPE OF THE DUKK OF WF.LLINOTON. [1881. inniiciirc nr iiifcro^t i)f tlio dcspription wliinli will bo bctrnvf'l by Uio Jiii';is",i .sny. hiilf n ci'iitiiry; I biivc I ii in bis Miijc^ty's M-rvioo fur forty five yoars— for tiiirty tnciiiful ycir^ cF (li.it furiiid I iiiive HcrviMl bis Miijosty in Hitiintioiis of trust nml ciinfiilriice, ill iho cniiiiiiaiiJ of Iiis nriiiics. in t'nibnssioH. niul in iiis (•■|||ncil^4; ami tbo cxpcriuiico wliicli I bavo ncijiiiicil in tbo situations in whicli I bavo served bis .Majesty, unabbs nm and iinpoms ii|ion iii iii;i;v liKsKixn. IC't '-"^ •'••■•i.i-.i ti.oh.,;;!;'", vr''^ '■'•''• -'^'-'i- no ul., of U-..lIi,..,:;;, """^'■' '-'"uucndod hi.s Mnj.srv to sc,,,! for '-1. «,.il,„,c,„ „,|i , " '" '""' "" '"•« «■.'.,„ ..!■ ,„ of .;.« «•,.,>,, .„j ■,.:;:,'," ;',;■!;: ."■■'.;;"■' ■■' "- -"■ • man's ino„il, w„.s— '• ('lu n,... '" 'l'"-''""! in .^vory '■''i-i-Ti->M,„nd:o^.nn:;:tr''''"'^^^^^ 8'«'^''t.s f.TU,,.,! will, i,„i;..,,: "'"/''''' <" ""■^«'''- tliMt; tl... very Duke's ...x,.,,i,>„„ ,1;,; j , ; '•'' ^^'^"''' »^« tl'« "",..l issue of tl.o eaturc. of tl.o Kin. ? ' l' \' ''''' " '"^■""^^ •^'"i".^ '-'ro.s. can- auspices of «ir Fn...ei D^, '„ t/ '■'^^^" ":! '■^-'""•- -I- tho wore .soii.i,.d .0 si.n „„ a . i ' to '%" ' "'"" ' """■" ^•°" f«-e.i-t..„t'earLat: ' ,^^.^:7^^":;:-^:'''''''"''''"'>''^^ tl'o country of !.isdeelan,(iona.r'; r n l ^^ """'^"""' '"• ■•••niinded -l.ibi.ed handbii,, in Cl: It: ..'it'"' ^-"^-"^ ''--^ ^vould ,.ay „o taxes until the Jlof,;,-, I 1 , T'^"'''" ''"''"'^ *''«3' la»J. Son.o displayed bu Irs , , ^''-■""'" "'" '^''^ >^f "'« announced H.e sal ^f\L ' l 1 ;.;o7; "f ""^ '"^""^•^'■^ ■ ""'--^ '^i'on all security of proper^ „nd ' . v! "' "" ''"^' "n"-"-'-J «' an end." The n., s! , r nffi "■^' ^'"^•^"•'""^•"^ ^vould bo I'-r of publieatiou 7 ite!.T;;'r: ,r'^^''^'^> '""^ ^"""'••" *'- '^'•-ally exhibited oi. larg ;,; ^ , ^r '^■?"^'? T'''^," *''">• — '"ncourso with shouts or veirr '"''''^ ''>' *''° "''^'"^'ant -able or di.agreeat n „o 'r's" T 1"°^ "' -l''' """""-'^ 1''- '-"es of " WiL™ the rlr l-or O '"'"l^^^^"'"'^'^ boro the -lanbcd over with blaek p. i„ „ jiV T" ■'^''''"'^'^'' ""^° "' ""°° '• King'., Head " publ^ ho ses re. '".""■ "'"'• '^''''^" ^''''^^''- The n H 1 r il ICl Lii'K or Tin: Di'KK or \vkli,i.\(1ton'. ^1 [I8J". wnx work osfnhlisliincnt in Floot-strcot prpspiifcil n fi;.'ur(» of I lie r)nl>(' lit tlio wiiidmv. willi tlin kin^'ly crown on liis Ikm'I. imi'I ' no rirnnn" lalifll.'il on lii-* lirra>t IJoiidc liiiu xtood iIk- fd'iL'y of ii lord .--iiiriiiiil ill llio net of pioiidiinjt tlioso wnn].<« " unniusiciil to X'ol-t'iaii curs,'' You did not meet a nnin but nnxicty sat on Ids lnow and did r- iiiitiation (rli^<(cllc^l in liiM oyo. Tiio commotion pxtcndcd to tiic tlioatics. Dowton, at liio •• Queen's." vtan callml on by tbo pit to nlftr tlie name of tii KTDi' TiiK Dike, (io FOR (;oLD 1" isn?.] KXPLA NATIONS ol" niK I.I Ki- lo.-. • If t i n new .Miiiisdv. nml wliicli l.n i . i .1 o......,.,.,.j..o,;,,^,j:::j;n,;;;;;::;;::: '«"'"•'«-■.• i"i ■""„,. i„i„ ,,„„•;: '■*: !-" "I '■■ ■ ... A,ii„i„i.lra.i„„ „„ ,|„. „„•„,;, Xo' '.""»..".. 11 r..,,..i„;; V.„..,.iv. rir..n„ Tl,., „ I , , ''"'^ """ '■"■"" "" .U0.,d0dl,i,M,,K,,,v; „,,,, ,,,'!': 1' . ^"''" ""» '.■...V.Wi..l. I ."11, aim I Uflif\o they show, tint if pvoi- fl„.,-. ., '"MuMco in which tho King acted with i I "'7" "='« "» toward, hi. servant, and if 10^1 "'^ ^ "'"' '""""^•^ p»Mio n.en, oppo.d' : IhLr:.: ^ ::;";;,r'r^^ ': ^^'"^'' i.«;;;nL;;;:;::dr^^ ::::r;:::;;:;r -^ by pe Lns of "tT^'^'f'""^"^ with which I have heen charged Willi,,., f ^^ P^ "^ '""'°"'*' ""J "'"t. <■"'• "'V.-*oIf I uas i ^a t I lOv. i.ii i; (II' nil. dim; or \w.\A.\suU>>i. M8H5. Miijcsty Iiml ri'joctcil, ami wli'cli I cnnt'iili'rcil it iiiy Jiitv t'> n**-!!.! liiiii liy (^oiy iii.iiiiH ill iiiy |Mnvcr to n-.-ict rHrtiitilly Minisii'i'M touml. ill tiio iMiir-o of I;i-t pioian iliut n l:ir^'i' iuitj"rily of ymir lordiliiiiH wero opposotl to tlui priiici|ili'.i of tlio llfforiii Hill. W'Imt (tlmulil I'f tlio iinliiiary I'mir-J of iirocth'diii;; umicr miii-Ii cirriuii'-liiiicr'' ' Why, fitlicr til «l>!iin!oii tlio uicuKiiro ultoiri'tlicr. or iiiiiko micli iillcratiiiiiH ill it as iiiijrlit n-iiilur it imlatnlilo ti> tlio iiinjorify of its ii|i|ioiiL. very diffi-rcnt ; that if the advice were to be adopted, it would place it in the jiowir of a niiiii>tir to carry any measure he pleased, and by what mouuM ho pleased, with iinpunily: and that, from that nionuiit, the constitution of uiis country and this Ikmisc would be at an viu\. In such a case. I repeat, tho object and power of this house would bo at an ond, its deliberative character totally destroyed, and, as u conseniience, it would n"t possess the means of arriving at an honest de-jision upon any pulilir '' «nd "Pon this undcatnndinff Aiiirtir I ^zzr''''"'e " "' ^^^'^^^^'^ •- ^-» - ac.ed a more prudent Zt/ "'° "^ "'""'°" "'"' ' ^''-''' •"»-« more prudent part, and one more worthy of a „„iu who kr.,t IwH "'"""" ':'''"'' '""'"■'*' ""'^"^ '""■--•^v, if, in r4. ■ ! "t^iivi Jirer2:''B^tT"^ '"""•' "."■■^^•■•'"'- - perwu. were, .ud .,«, roaponaible ouly to iL«u..av«a, «,d for tW :| 108 LITE OF THE DUKR 01' WKLLIMTION. [\%K. .oW..; Iwu. calUa on t. r.-ouo „.v Sov-r...... f-' "- ^ '' " n „t « «l.i.-l. 1.0 ««. pi....... l.y l.i. ..«r„ H..,v,.,„.. U ,. U- ; ;.ty aid n.c .1... 1 .u.uf e nn,ln.« un n-d ... ..able l.nn -. ,ia.n..Ht prnWouH oounM.). if I 1...1 n,..w.n..l. • h,., .!..■ .l.ll.. o« . e. of ,0.' M..j....>'. Hi. ion; .mt I -""ol affo-.l ,ou ...,. „ Ltanr.. LccauHo I l.uv... in «.y ..l-uv iu P..rlmn.e.,.. «,..•.. nl .,« o, ..ion. ..««in^^ u u.c,...rc ,o wl.iol. y.ur M-l-'y -^ '-'- t ee.H. No. i «.lo,...d ti.o course wl/ ■'. i nm nuro w««lu l...v,. Wu L of 11.0 vcricJ e..en.y of the bill; I oodoavourcd o u... U. King in tl... ai..re.in« circ.un..t..n... i.. .l-ieh .e --, ,le...c. -. call for «.V udvieo. I nT-t, that ,1.. .,u...l.ou wh.ch I wan c llnl o„ hy thnKing. to con.idor. wan not .ho ,,racl..«b.W.y ..f tonnn.K . ; i. i t y o,; nfy owu ,.... I viow. of nforn.. but to .nable h„a .,. ;i.t the crcatfou of a .uuUi.udo of p.o,. .or a n.o.t uncon.t.tu to. and dangerous purpose; and tho conoid- rat. ..n uppermost m «,s ", i..d was how far .he reeon.n.c.dation in his MajOH.y'. Speech f o,a tho throne in June. l^^^H, could b« ue.cd on wi. out danger .o t nj IIOU..0 or .0 the monarchy. In that .peech tho Kn.g reeouwun.^lul the q«CH.i«n of r.form .o your attention, • conhd.nt that u. a,,v roea.sure. you might propo.o fur it. adju.tu.ent, y^.u vv.U care ..llv adhoro to tho acknowledged principlen of tho oon.t.tuUon by whu the prerogativoB of the Crown, .he authority of both Houses -jt Parliaincut, and tho rightK and libert.e.s of tho peoplo aro e.,uallv secured' NVho that heard that npcceli could ever have nnt.eipaird tho proposition of a n.cusnro, or an adviee in relation ... that u.euMne which annihilated tho independent authority of one of the branel.. ut tho legi«hUure? The nun.ber ..f peer.s wl.nn. it would bo necessary to create, to carry the lleform IJill a. it now stands, would, at . ... lowest ealculatiou, amount to a hun.hcl ; and surely any man «i.) foretold that the measure referred to iu that speech put into the mouth of his Majesty was ono whiei. w.mld require sueh an ininiea,- nngn.ontation of the peerage, would have been considered as droam.n,. of things intpraclicablo. When I lirM heard that Ministers Iw.l .uch a proceeding in contemplation. I treated the rumour us :.;. absurdity. I believed not that a Mini.^ter could bo found M enough to propose such a mcasui.i. Many know well that I have ever denounced it as an impossibility; and while no man entertai.H a more deep sense of tho constitutional ri-jht of the Crown to create peers under certain circumstances, I hold it would be an unjust ami unconstitutional exercise of that prerogative to create a body ot per* for tbe purpoM of carrying some measure obnoxious to the ilouso oi "•a-'J l.' t VKIIIH^UST. corned Us lorJsl.ip's connection with tho ncsotiatiou, which soonis to liavc been cxtrcn.oly ,s!i;rlit. ' The Earls of Man.sfi.lJ, Carnarvon, and Winchelsca, tho Marnuis ot balubury, and other peers, doclarod, that tliough tlscy had is ao VI 170 LIFK Ul- TllH DUICK 01'' WELLINGTON. [188'.'. \v;iy l.con cotnioctua with tlic transnetlona wliicli liad l.oen cxplaiiioil, tli.". (wiuluit ..f (ho Duke of Wolliiigfon had been l.iosh-miiidca iind tlisint.Tot.d. aiul not the h's.s ho {■■m- having Mihiuitt.Ml, wilhout reply, to the uiiincni^urcd calumny and misivprc^cntation huiijicd iMM.i'i him daily, viither tlum impede the formation of a government, lie had been hunted down day after day. beeausc he had dared. f.u'.-o.ith, to become Minister; when it turned out, in point of fact, that he had neither accepted nor sought offices, though it was within his r.-ach. The Earl of Haddington said that ho had never been a ])arti.sin of tlio Duke. As tar as there had been an O|.po8ition to hi- Giaoc. he miglit bft said to have belonged to it, and ho had ncvci' fornud any connection with him. But he felt he should be acting a base i)art, if he did not state in the face of their lordships and tli.' errantry, hdwcvcr S'leh a declaration might expose him to obloquy and abuse, that his Grace was entitled to the gratitude of their lor.l- fc!ii[is fur doing what he had done.' Til.' llerorm ]5ill was nltlmately. carried, through the absence, frnhi (he final debate vi the House of Lord.s, of many of those peers \\h■^ were particuhuly hu.itilo to its provisions. Eather than resort to tlio dangerous and uiiiiahatiblo extieuilty of creating a number of new poors, whoso votes would have insured a triumpli to the bill, t!;o King caused a circular to be addressed to the '•Non-Contents'' nii the second reading, roiuesting them to ubscnt them?elvc3 from tl:c divisi.m in committee. The conduct of the Duke of Wellington, however applauded hv those who agreed in opinion with him, will hardly bear the test ef a critical examination by an impartial posterity. It was in the (ii-! place inconsistent \\ith his previous cour.so in respect to the lliiiar.- cipation Bill, and, in the .second, would have been liable to the s:\nw. charge of tergiversation iiad Sir Robert (late Mr.) Peel succimluMl t.i the argument that a renegade policy was justifiable, if agreeable ti the wishes of the King.' Upon the subject of the Catholic claiiii<, i '• .\iin:>!i 111' I'.irlinnuii;."' U'lJJ. 2 Sir UolRTl IV.'l slatcil ll.ut, on llio <.Uy on wWw,\\ ri-i^'i;i;i»n of .Miai.sloM li;i,l licoii mwplci!, I.i.nl r,.vnilliur.^ll.:i(lc:ill&luii|,i;cllo liim to Iciriii an .\iliniiii-'.ralh>:i, but lliiit lii'< Maje^ly liail selecli'.l him as a toma Cl.aiin'Ilar, anil as beiii'J!, by lii.i ju.licial c!i-ir,r.-,ler, rom )ve.l I'mui llio vorlo-c of ii.illlios I" o.i.nr wUh bim on tlio preseu! s'.alo of affairs. Hl9 lunl- lake oiJIa-, b;it lluit he woulil take nral 1832.] THE DL'ici': ].\ opposniox. 11] .i;i. »i.i/™ .c™a. >K.'r,::„:;'t ,:,;•■;* ::;:!':';■ ';""■■ -"" "lio... ....ly ci,,,., so far „ ,„„ llukoVnll . , . ■ ''^ '' '"' IVi.l, „,,„,.t ,„ P.,li„,„c,„,rv„f„, , .' " : ~'"'""''- .rr;.-"x,;;u:r-r"'i;:rir,^::;:i:r^,rr'^^'-:" tl.o J.St extremity, becuiso the KinW,'n"° ";? '""f"''. ^ °^*''° '''^^^'°" °f '532, the Duke of AVellin.- n f,c,p.ently spoke „i the Ilou.se of Lords, always in opposition t°o e G,., ,„„,, He found fault with its government oV I ,1 p.otsted strongly against the absenee of eoercive measures c 1 u- b .iges f lawless men-insisted upon the necessity of coneiliati . the Protestants, and of placing the education of the'people unic.; the onico mu, 1 1 h„ r 1 "' ™' " ""' ""'"■'•"' '"""" '""' '"" --I"-'- •"• -■"rm^ui",!!'':; ':'":'::''"! """ "' *"^^-'^'^ '-' "'"" ^^"" --' >- accept omcc. -vi-uja 1,0 «„c-,ij Impusaiblo ior iiiiu to 172 LIFE OF TllK UUIvK OF WELLIN-tfl'O.V. [1802. authority of the Cl.nrcli. His Onion fuitlior oppnsc5t any reduction of the number of Protestant Iri.sh bishops. To the Game-laws his Grace opposed himself because they tended ±0 tlie increase of poaching. He was unfriendly to the abolition of Blave-hibour in tlie colonies, on the ground of the doubtfulness of the slave's becoming ii frca labourer for hire, and he feared that the de- pression of the West India C(donie.s. ihrongh the subtraction of negro-labour, would had to the iiitrodiictiou into England of foreign Blavcgrown fnigiir. The renewal of the charter of tie East India Company for twenty years coining on for discussion in the session of '33, the Diiko readily bore testimony to the excellence of the gubernatorial system of that comjiany, but was favourable to the abolition of the monopoly of the trade with China. Upon the disous- tiou of the Jtwii^h disabilities, bis Grace vehemently opposed tbo udmission of Jiws to seals in Parlianjent. Ho deemed it indispen- Fable that, in a Christian legislature none but Christians should be permitted to sit— a doctrine which he maintained to the last haur of his existence. Upon biveral other subjects the Puke of Wellington delivered himself with his accustomed earnestness ; a..d on the I9th of July 1833, enui;e:a(ed a doctiine which deserves to be particularly uoted, as furnishing a key to many of his political acts; — " 1/ the tcoM uric governed by prindpks, nothing would be mon easy than to conduct even tlie greatest affairs ; but in all circumstancei tlie duty of a wise man is, to cltoose tli£ lesser of any ttvo difficidtici which beset him.'" The death of Lord Grenville. on the 12th of January, 183i, left vacant the Cliancellorslup of Oxfor.l University. On the 29th of the same month the Duke of Wellington was unanimously elected Lis successor: and the ceremony of his Grace's installation took place on the 9tb of June following. The " Oxford Herald" of th» I Speech of M\ Juljr, 1833. t S|iM«b or isiti Juijr, i^x 1834.] 'illE ClIAXCKLLOnsJlII" OK OXFOIJD. 175 time supplied an account of tlio rerpnin.,;„l „f i- . x, muj 00 accepted as au abrid,.„e!'t Z ' ^'^'''^' '^'' "^""^'"'^ THE LVSTALLATIOX OK ,,,8 (UiAC. THE DUKE OP ^Vl;LLI^•(;•l•o\. for the season took place o„ i:, ' tl " ''^^ ''"''■''''° tl.o Meado. and the Wide AV k h '"""""^ '' '''''""'^'•^' A.o..g.t the eon,pa,^ we ob^.-ved nun,.:l„:,Zn2 :^::T- "From an early hour on Monday n.ornin. carri. . i f , • from all parts of the country vith scircciv mv V ^ '" .i.u..s be.re .,uHn the af^rnoo; Z^^LSl r^o.^d 111 his open travelling carria-^o and hv 1,;. "t"iu U.Moid "nattended by any ^oee.si.^ ' i:i 'of ' 1^^" '"' ,"" of .he l-niv..si,y rodJby the side o , e ,i Z "u°T "": "^ University College bis Grace was recoiJe "^he V n 'V'^ ana conduced to the h.,,in,wbere,-fc>:'':oIw^^ ••Af.erpuUingon the plain acad.n.ie gown of a n„bl.n,nn n^d a -l^ot eap wuh a large gold tassel, his Grace paid a con>,,!i,ne,^ u- it '!■« ri.oafre. Soon aficr 10 o'clock, his llov.l IIi,I,.J ?,' , ;;^C,,.berla„darrived,at,endedbya.ner!;s'i; ;^:t ;: '--v«l at the gate by two of the Senior Fel!o.,vs of ' , 1 ^"''! «'"Hl„c.ted to the Hall. Hi. IJ,,,.,! ir;,,, .,, / ,' '•■''•■-"' -'.^Th.. ,.,,, ent in his earria^al^'n- ;.;:;, C;r;.r n"''>''"to. 1 he windows M-ero lilk..,l with ck.p,nt!v.d,-ih!.' Masters of Arts, several of tliem Lie distil. etion of walking with ;i- ragged a gown as ever flickered (-n the back of a veteran aea ileiii The university cap. in a crow d. Imest a.-i easily inaiiaged as leriii. t!i;lt useful abomination a cr .t-.li-ha; : Lilt e ii^s were slit on this oecasid!; into fractions indnite.-lnr.illy only 11 ; and as to hats, they we ire 11' a nuisance m theinseives, but they wero also the cause of nuisance to every unfortunate wii • !it bre.'.i'.'ht in contact with tli After einergin ■0111 a verv i :lark p of beauty by which the Theatre itself was iUundua two coronations, but the spectacle on thcso oc parts, or, to borrow a p I came into the full hhi;; ted. I have .'^.v from Sit so that at one glance you cannot eonunand a view casions is frittered in! iawii into rpiantitic- l a view of the w.lmlt. Here the reverse was the case As vou entered the Tlieatr ere was a pro.spoc tal uost i)0 dazzling to be looked upon. Aroui, ou aiie d ^bo ive vou to tlie rii'ht and to the left, were crowi beauties, who cunipelled you, in spite of jour Chris! ianity. to tin of the hon-.is of Maliomel's pavadi.se. Look where you won iM. encountered tlic ■es of their bright eyes, and in those nere all 'the mind. the. iiuisic breathing breathinir from tho* face' w ■ilic > ou thful 2ts, forgetful of reality, too often indulge their fane\ 1811] THE DUKE AS CHAXCKLLOR m li;ry iiMiiied nti'Iv ftici.nf »l.w .,., • i lamiUcs. Illegal- -«•.. ..r.-f ,1. '"""'''•;■' ''^'t "">• malo unimuLs, whether of the • 1 he c-row.l ovny ,..o,..e,.t ht.c.,.,.,e n.ore .lensc, uo.-o pressing and ^' ""J-^'-te. Ever, b.,.], pu.hed i.. who had tickc f fj t ' : , . ;;; ''^"^"'"'r: ""' "^"^''^'-^^ "^ ^^^^^ -- «j-Htod it tilt! iij.j.fi ir..llo.ie.N, *iid thou came " Tiitniill and Confiition, nil embroiled, Am.1 riiiinuur, will, u llmusai.d vurious mouihs." '•Ar...r 1h.,y had filled .he gallery, and settled themselves In their J..S «,..„.,,.,„, „..^„^^^ ^,^^,,^ ^^^ three cheers n^rtTI ,,''" '^ ^^" -^""' "'"y ^^'C given with hearty vociferation Inn, ...re .. a .l..,,.t ,.,.,, „,,, «g«i„ another cheer J .Cr ■""'"• "' ' ^^- t^-"ve.>,.y. The na„.e „f M,-. Dyce, one of the P oc- to.,s. was .hen „.o,.ti,..K.d, on which was heard- "On 1,1! 8 ,le,, from innumerable tongues, A clisiniil i.iiiversiil liss, Ukj sound Of univeraol acorn—" ^■hich in bnth nnivor.iti,.s is certain to bo the meed of any Proctor •l-u.ul by t^he Lndergraduatcs, and the approbation of these names 1 .e Lord Cla.,celh.r found a few friends; cheers and hisses were L,:: Fi5 ' ':\ ': ^'r "'"^'' p-p""<^--''^j- The „ mes :; C wh r Y ?'" ""^ """'^-^'^ ^^'"' ^'-"J-s of applause; .hen „„ unde,grad«a,e exclaimed ' The Bishops,' the cheering «^^^ 'universal, deafening, and almost appalling' When Lord «y..ford entered the theatr,, be was received'with great applauJ^^L 1m 'i: I ■^'I'tt IIJ^S S' #■' r ^9 k ■» 1' Bfl ;jf l:H 178 LIKE OF THK DUKE OF WELLIN'OTO??. (IM*. wns also Lord LyiuUmrst. 1 tie arrival of tlio Diiko of Cumlier- linul. who. not liavii'-r a (!i',trpo, did imt wiilk in ttio procunnion. no dis- sentient vciicu w.is luist'd ii^iiiinft lii.«t Royal Iliglincss; on tliu contrary, lio and Ids siiito wcro ncuivrd with loud cheers, and 'one cluior more' WHS aftorward.-* givun for liini as Cliancellor of tlio University of Dublin His Uoyul Iligliiiuss was in tfiu dress of a Colonel of th« 15th IIusNiirj>. ' Soon after clewn o'clock, Professor Crotch announced upon the ^rgnn the approach of the Chanci-llor. with tlie procoHsion from tlio J lull of University College. Tiie Dako appeared in excellent health, aud the enlhusia-'tio reception he met with on his entering the tacatre, appeared to restore hia step to all the elasticity of youth. coeruvi or tus dckk jA cua.vcellob. He was dressed in a black coat, across which he wore hia blue riband, aa Kniglit of th-* Garter, aud over which was his magnificent aca- demic robe of blaek silk aad gold fringe. 160 l.iri; OK 'IIIK DIKK UF WKI.LINOTON. IIS34 to olimivi", tlmt (III iIh' (liiiili ol" l!)iit gruiit iinil gimd man it bcciiiiio tilt) iliity .of llin I iiivfiHily to milfct out of tlio luiblo aiiJ dintiii- giiislitnl iiidivuliialu wlimn it liail rciirfj in its liosom, a woilliy suttft'ssiir to tli.il iioblo Imil. Mi-iit, iiu Kiiil, wiis not of om.- cliisti. Tlnri' woio (iiU'.Tciit iipiiilf* to lliu toiiiiilo of funie. anil tlift'cniit iia-ii IIIUHt UiHtillglli.^ll tllrllI'L'ivi'.H ill (lilU L'lit \\»y Oiiu man inatit! IiIm way to iMuiiifiii'L 1j> 1 tt'iaiiii'. aiiotliiM' In aits, aiiotliur I))' amis. Ol tins liitii'i- class iioin! wiio luont illustiioiis lliiiii tlic nubii! Diikc now tlit'ir Ciiaiiccllcpi-. WiliK'ss his triuiniilis iii Imlia, Portiij^al, ami !^|iain j iiiit viuloiii's ai Sal.iniainM. cm tlif I'^ronuos. ami at Ttmloiiso ; uiid, abovo all, iiis libiiMiion of Kiiio|ii! on tiiu blood^' licld of Waterloo. After dwelling Nonin liino on tliusc topicH, and praising tliu liuiincss whirli bis tiiai-'u bad iilwicNS uxiiiced in tliu nianagi'iiu'iil liul onl^ of the iiiililaiy, but of uivil alftiis, be concluJud ibis |)aii. of tlic lijcct b\ ailin suoj liiat till) Uiiivtisily bad doiio ilsilf the gieulCBt boiimir i>y srl.i'ting tbo l>,ilve of Wellington as its Olian- cillor. Tlie Itaiiifd Doctor tlifii [iroeeutlcd to uoiii|iliiiioiit llit respect, not only on account of bis high rank and uiicient blond, but ul o on his own merits, and bis cUise coiiiieetioii with the Duln; o( AVeHiiigtou. lie b- 1 been cilucated in military lore under tin: JJnke's own eye from his earliest yved on the Duke of Newcastle and the Karl of Winehel.scu, who, iicxt to the Chancellor, were the great favourites of the day. •• After the new-made Dnetors had all taken their .seats in the rising somieirele, amidst the cheers of the audience, the public oratur proceeded to the ' Crcweiaii Oration.' This address coiitaineJ nearly the same topics as those to which Dr. riiillimore alluded. There were several elegant and most appropriate coiiipliments to the iineellor, an euloi'iuin o >f the Royal Family, addre.-Jsed to the Duke of Cumberland, and a ju.st panegyric on the Church of England and its bishops. After this oration was concluded, the Lutiu poem, which 1834.] Tin: INSTAI.LATinx. 181 gain...! .1,0 ri,ano,.lIo,.->. pH.,, ,l.i. ,,,„. „,., ,,,jt,j ^ ^,,^ Mr Artliur Kcnn iiL'tn,,. « S.lM.Iir of T.I,.!... n ii .i '" ' """"^' wl,i,.l. »... . r.' / . I iiiiily Collc^^o, tho Niil,j,.f( of C..V...I m,|, ^ovaf n,Ml .nrrit..,] „,.pl,.„.,, -p,.,,,, ;»j^ ^j ^ . ..0 M..,I.n. of Cl.n.t C. .,,,„.„, ,n..,.„.,.r,.s P^A;;,.:; ; ii ;( ^ :c^;;;"n "" , ""■^'i' ' ' '"•■' ''-^ ^^"«"^'' --. :; l)no/cnn,.sl,„,„. Vr,nr,.,;l„nn„^ M two o'clock tl.o TI.eutro wa. nearly clean" -if Us vi^iiors. jTl.oI.nko«.sfol|,,w..,I i„ ,1,.. .,,„.. n„nn,..r in wl.ic.h 1.0 cnmc .0 tlo r .ure Tl.., ,.. ..si„„ a,„.n,l,.,l l,i„. ,o [r„ivorsi,y Coll...., vvhcro tl.0.0 who co.,.,.,s...I i,, ,.f,..r .,.ki.,^ i..ve of l.i. (i .■ac,.'s.-p:.n. '■. or .ho coll..Ko.sto wl.„. they bcIon«..,l or wcro invi,..,|, „,,,',„ ,„o d.iforont hods an.I lo,I.n.;r.|,o„s,.s. Shur.iy ufterwanls his C;nao mad., suv.-iiil calls at tho (Jnlh-L'r-i, " J)r. Crotch'8 oratorio, which was ' Tho Captivity of J„J,ih ' wrs pcrfonnod a.Kl full jus,!,.,, was Jo„o .o i.s ...cri.s by tho pcrf..'rmcrH OMgagcl. II.s (,n,co was p.-c.cut, an.I n.c..ivccl r..pca.c.l an.I en.ln,- 8.astio chccnn^. Aft..- (ho conclusion of the oratorio, tho a.s.cn.hlv called for '(jo.l save tho Iviii^r.' '• In the evening a .li-tingnishcl party was entertain..,! hy tho Vic. Cha,,cell.,r, m tho hall of University CoIIeg... The hall was hril- l.antly .Ihun.nafcl on the occasion, and tho rich unifor,„.s woi'n hy inany of the distingni.hed puots. n,ingl,.d with tl,.. ,se,,rl..t gowns of tae oetors, and the drens robes .,f the yo,„,g nohlen,.,n resident ia the Uimersi.y, p,„,!,u...d a nn.st splen.lid and in.posing effect. '• Wc_s n.uch as any opp,..siti„n ,„o„ couhj ,|,si,c. so were also 'Lord Grey Lord liroogha,,.. and Lord Durhan..' when nanu-d .separately. The Duke of Su.sex had also his full sha,-e .,f sih.Iation. Son.e ono c-.lled out the nana, of ' 1),.. Chafy. Master of Si.lney Sus.sex College, Cambridge' and it was most loudly hissed. There were crie.s of Vomi with the presei,t Administration.' and .shouts for 'The Wei- M.gton Administration.' • Tlie House of Lords' was received witl li a ... -- -.J ..uo ii,>,ui>cu Will, a, thundcrn,g cheer, and 'The Co.nnn.ns' wiih a croan. 'The House of Conimous as it y,-as> met with a ch, ring "which might almost IM LIFE OF TJIR DUKK Ol' WKLLLVOTdN. [1834. linvo Rtnrllod frnm tlicir grnvoii ttio dtfunct liorougliH of Oattnn and Old Siiniiii. (irimt clii't'iiujf occurnd wln'ti tlio nniiics of 'Sir •J. (iraliniii and Mr yiiiiil<>y' wcro iiKMilioiuid. 'Mr. Scwcll ' v.j-i ri|imll)' cliocrnd. ' Tlio Hinli >im ' npiin olicitcd thunders of npplnu'^o. TIktc wcrn calls for tlio ' (Imvcr .Hfrcct (Jonipiiny mid Stinlioiiiiileo." ' The Adiiiixsioii of DissiMitcTM ' was reoeivi-d with a cry of - .r ,, and ' Tlii'ir Non-uduii(*Hion ' with tri'mcndiiiii nfiplnuso. Tiicro wito ninny othor nnnios j;ivi'ti, niid viirious (■cccntrio oxcianmtidiis, all of wliicli HJiowi'd tho gcnonil feeling of tlio I'liivcittiiy, ot leant of itH nioro jiivciiiiti iiKMiibc'rH. " Oil tlio I'litry of the Cliaiiccllur, thn nppliiii.io was niilmundcd, niid ' W(.'lliii/,'ton and Walorioo' ri'-)oiiii(Ii;d tliroi-j,'h tlio Theatre. In tho jiroccM.Hiou woi-o all the recently iiiacli! IKx'tor.s In their robes. After the Chnneellor had opened tho Convocation, ho named the nobleinon and pniitleinen npon whom it was iiropr..scd to confer tho lionorary de/,'reu of D (' L. " T)r. Pliillinioro, Ho{rius I'nifcssor of Civil Law, then addros.sed the Cliaiioellnr in Lati;i. Ho said, that illiistrinus a.s flic individuals wore whom he had iirc-iontcd to the Chancellor's not ire yesterday, as candidates for the decree of D'letor in Civil liaw, tiio li«t of the names wliieh he had that d;iy to jire.-rnt to him was equally distin- giii.'^hed, fiir it ediitaim d the names of men of high rank and aiieient blood, of high eivii .•u lalents, and his general kind and courteous denieanour, no* only to a place in all their hearts, hut also in rank and honours, which .scarcely conferred more distinciioii upon him than ho reflected hack a,!.'aiii upon them. {C/icrrx fi/r IjjiiI Lij ad hurst.) There wa.s nl-o jirc-ent another ornament of the legal profession, who had imw nliiid fnun tlio bmeh to enjoy in tho privacy of domestic life that repose which he had .so lionourahlv dr- o'rved by a long life of ]nihlie activity. ( Chens for Ijonl Myiijhrd) Tlicre was also present one of tin? invineiide Duke's companions in arms, whose coolness in danger and gallai.ti'y in battle were known to no man better than tliiy were to the gallant Chaneellor. As one 1 An offensive oplllnl iipiilifil bj Ihe Jahn Hull iiows|i;iiiir lu llie I.iimlon I'lilvcrslly. UA4.] vf rli.. lil., r.itnrs „f K THE COXVOCATfO.V. 18.1 A Tier plivihjf a P". I... VTny rnfitlcl to ov.-pv -JiMtlnMi,,,, wl.i,.!, iiiv..r-.if_v .>..mI,| , fen,,,,,,, |,i,„ ^fy^ xiiiiilitr iMiiiiiil '"■"■■^^"■ >!"■ II. Vin.n, ) UnWy .•lir.n.l. ,|„, |,.,„.,„,,| j I''"""'"' t'> I'"i.l A Hill, xvl |il. ii.-iirn wlii.'li Im! (Icrivod in 1 '•■.,(' ]).-(■(, ir <,f Civil I,.iw til,. V I" «VIIS ills,, '••'"""■ I""< '!'■-. «i) iI.tIm,,. t!h. iivt;r.«tity ax i\ li»viii;f f,. |,r.-!.ciit \n the r llii'ir nil I imkI Vflii'ililci ';'"','"" ^' '"'■ ' 'nl.V KruM.I.V.M nf /"/• Ijinl lU.luii ) Tl ISlllNII ill- Jt,,|| I lli^jli St.waiil. tl.o Iv.il „f Ki,| • Tt' WiiH lilfiii i,i 1 1 JMIIV, W IlliMC nsrin^ 111. Ill, -ii.-. Ilrp.tinii,,,,,, |„ a I 1,1 ixiiiiitlcil l,v nil |<; Till ic uiiM III ill IC Mini,, li.st il '». {l'h< ill ili|,|wi,i„cv. mill •' nil .!(. Ill |^,„.,I «li. tiit't ill Hill M ( ( 'hi nil: ipl'.v iinil M,(Ti'v'.ri,l (.-lii^ '» t'.\i-«(t tills Imii Ai'iii rill nllicT it, |||(. ]{ '•'' for IjikI SliKiil (I, ll^^'lllll Miivi I'lrlll'll imiiv will, I, is ,j,,, .M'l.M'inv II, I tl) th III- lit their liiiiiils, r, II WilH 'olIlSlll/ ) ' liiiii a lull! I'llin •,im| iIio '•niiim i'oiii,in,i,i„ (V,„„ ,|„, j| I ll'H (it f" '■''"".""•.-"'"'■ I'"- (rv...,v, Afti... iiiiiiii,,; i,,"' tLMMIIV III (In, C-lllllK'CJllir. ^•| All Of ,1,1.,.. ....,,, l„i.i|Iv ,i,.,,,,„i „„ ,„„u,.ti,.^ . .t^, „,^ j,,,^,^^^^, "Anc. .1,0 a..,,...s 1.1,1 1.1..,, ..,,,,,v..^^^ Cilch, wl.ieli was ,..i„.|. ,.,|,„|„„, ,„„| „,,,,,,„;,,„, ^ '"'^«'*''^ CliM.st Ciiuivl,, n.c,....| lus fl,a„....||„,s |.i.iii i',.i.o Es.s„; w> P... :;:r:;;;!j;r '''"'■"""""' -"--^^--"v «.;;;,. wa.vc:; P-. J 1.0 ilo.,,eo ot St. J^e..|,i,..||; .l,i..i. wi. also a Cliat.ccUor's Erii ""•^■.'^^■^•''"n' «•'•! ''■V'''ly i.uugi„utivc character, tho co.^ ciuaiiig liiu ,s uf which ai'o as follows :— "I-o. (Jiiurs ^na^ Emperor lomis l,h Vn\^\My iicers- llusl,...! U llH.ir Iron Immp, and ,niH,i,|„,,„;, j;,,, ' ^lm«-r 111, eiiul. gl,:,sil> l,rmv ,in,| nuil^.ii,,! limb. iW. loo, U tlirrr, «||i,, s|,ii„ „„ vi^ior,', ,|,,y, I.usiili. Ilioir iili.ir .lirps, i|,e joim^- li,'.,;,!^ ■" Anj,„, ^j,,, j,^.„. Curbs Ilia proud i ' To I'ledmuai' , and wiivcs Ills warriors on ' jKl brisht n iiti i^ii'a ouii j' '.i. ^ B i" i> « (■" Hi ^ili 184 LTFE OF TUE DUKE OF WELLINCJTON. [MH rnlikc tlio iIos|iiil loril of aflor ilnjH, Youth on lii^ chock, and urtlniir ill liirt in liis sold I l.ol proslralc nations Ircinlilc at liis sway, Kin„'s (piail licforc liim, llironcs in ihist decay ; Dominion crowns \\ hal conquest had hc^nn, .And I'ortnne, sinilim,- on Iter favourite son, Wrpalhes round his Ijrinil hrow the wintering toy— ilcr fatal dower, (hat shines hut to destroy. If, In that hour of pride and fervid youth, Such were his droinns, mankind has niourn'd their truth ; O'er seas of blood his sun of (,'lory rose, And sunk at lenicth, 'mid tempest, to repose. When, on that Held where hist the eau'U' soar'd, War's mightier master wielded Ilrilain's sword; And tho dark soul a world could scarce subdue, Dent to thy ycnius— CA/i/ cf Waterloo .'" " The two concludinn; couplets were no sooner pronounced than all the i)cr.soiis in the Theatre, with the exception of the individual alluded to by the poet, rose, and a .soiies of cheers, of the most deafoning description, were sent forth by tho whole assembly, which lasted at least for seven or eight minutes, and were accompanied by an ctjual general waving of hats and iiandkeiciiiefs ; in fact, the Dulic of Wellington wns never greeted in the whole of his career with nioie zealous manifestations of popularity than he received on this present occasion in tiie city of Oxf ird. " When Jlr. Arnould had concluded his poem, five addresses to tlic Duke were proiioiincod from tho rostia. "Between two and three o'chiek the Convocation was dissolvcii, ' God save the King' was called for and played, and its the proeessiDii went out. tiic undergraduates as befire suleetcd tlieir favourites, mid bestowed on them loud testimonials of tiieir approbation." Tiie session of 1831 was distiiigui.-ilied eipially with its iniiiic- di.ite predecessors by the Duke of Wellington's hostility to the (licy niiiiistry. At tho opening of Parliament upon the niolioii of the Address in answer to the Spt^eeh, tiie Duke attacked tlic (Jnveriiment, objecting to tho whole of its foreign policy, ami (iinliiiu' fiult with niMiiy of its doiuestie measures. On one point nuly were ihey 'learlily agreeil. The Duke (piile coneun-ed in tiie al- dross of the House of Ooiumous, declaratory of its determiiiutiuii to maintain the connection between Irelaud and Great Uritaiu 1S3-1.] THE GllDV AND JIKLBOUH.Vr: MINISTRIES. 185 Mr, Ward's for tl.o roJuctio ,, "".\ "f;""r.s A motion of app-opriauon of t,.o ch::e.";;::2../";,!:t:^ j^ ^ ;;'° ros.gnation of Lord Eipon, the l)..l.o of I.cll.; rS^W "d uic) , and, at a subsciucnt period, Viscount i"Aiii, oni:v. M bun ..1.0 l.d booon,e Prin.o Minister on Earl Gro,-s re.igna- -. hu d ,t noc.ss.ry to rcsi,„. ]),.n„, ,i,is bn.f .dn^^nistraUon, !:^r ; ;: : 7:"« ^'^^ ^^f' "f^^ f ''''-'« ^''«- at\he universi- -. motions ni=o uc;ng made lor the abolition of church-rates, tho 3 il; i it { 180 LIFE OF Tin: DUliK OF WELLINGTON [1834. coniniutatinn of tillios. ami tlii! oxcliisioii of bislinps from Parlianieiit. None of tlieso sclieiiics sncceoilt.'d — tlio Lords, among tvliom the Duke of Wc'lliii'.'foii was conspicuous, opposing tlicm cariiostlv. Sundry bills to porfi'c't flic plan of n^forui. and a bill for tlio riMuoviil of tliu civil disabilities of tlie Jews, wore likewise lost in tlio House of Lords tliroiigli tlio strenuous opposition of the Peers, wlio acied with tiie Diiko of AVeliinglon. Upon tlic rosigtiatioii of Lord IMelboiirne — wliieh was in a measuro enforced, because the King would not accept of Lord John Russell as leader in the ILmse of Comniniis ii]inii the transfer of Lord Althorp to the Upper House (owing to the death of his father 11 ..' Spencer) nor allow of liord ]5ioiigli;nii continuing Lord C'iiaiicellor ;' — the Duke of Wellington was sent fur. (jiatlieriiig experience from his former failures, the Duke declined to take the Premiership, and advised the King to send for Sir llobert Peel, who was then in Tfnlywith his family — the Duke undertakiiij; to iiold the seals of three Secielaries of State until Sir llobert should arrive. The advice was adopted, and Sir lloliert summoned to tlio royal preseiiL'C. He came — eoustructed a goveniiiieiit composed en- tirely of Conservatives, the Didce of Wellington taking tiie office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Sir llobert then dissolved Parliament. Sir llobert Peel, addre.s'-ing the constituency of Taniworth, gnvo them to understand that though lie did not approve of the Reform Rill, he was bound to respect it now that it had become the law of the land; but that he should oppose further changes founded on the plea of merely extending the princiides of the bill. His course of policy, in fact, might bo summed up in one word, '-resistance." The Whigs bad gradually yielded so much to the Radical reformers, that there really seemed to be no limit to the changes which the latter sought to introduce. Too weak to oppose them, Lord Melbourne souglit to secure their support by eontiiiuiil concession, until these democrats, finding their power increase, and ju.stly measuring the strength of Ministers, grew exorbitant in their demands, and treated with marked contempt a govornmeut whieli had become the instrument of their will. On the assembling of the now Parliament, it was found that the I Tlila Peer, mioe rem.'irk.-ible I'oi- tlic iisl'I'iiI Ciorciseuf 1iI< cloqiieiicp, and his liulu»lr)'on l)i'liiiir 111' llii! [R'ii|)|.-, hail bodiiiu a lililo ivcriilric sinci! Iii.i ek'valjim to Uio Peeniije. I'lijiiig a vi.'-il to Scoiland in llie aimimii of IS.lt, ho iiiailo sin'eclio.* wliurevcr ho could lliid liearors, soiiieliiiics ifoiiijf 10 Iho longllia of iillra-Uidi'.'alisin, siiiiie.iiUL's speaking Conscrvalive SfUti- niopita, and occasionally vlolullng decency, In sjieukins In an oireiisivoly familiur tone ol (lo Kiaa. ifiys.j 187 sill uoiJHUT i'i.:i.;l agalv in vowm 01 tlic t;Ulic,lics and Eiidiculs, fredy gave t-in Rr.n::iiT r;:!::. their supportto a nn.n.stor wl.o consulted the interests of the upper I ^y«;t- of ag.tat.oa by adopting every popular i.npression of thc'r:tuZ'at"tho '""'T' i" '"^ ''"' ^^^^"--^*-^^-. generated l,y Upon the very first question, the cLoiec of a Speaker, the Peel » Ad.lro9, orSir K. Peel lo the Tmnworth electors, In 1834. li ; ILJIJm i^i J98 LIFH OF TJli; DL'ICr, OK WKLLrxNO'TOJf. flSilu. miiii.-it.ry was left in a nrpMnity. Jlr. Aliorcroinliv. tin; Wlii;.' iiniiiiiicp, ohtiiiiiiiig the cliiiii- bv ii m ijority of tun Jijrainst Sir Cluiilcs Miiniioi-.s Sutton, will) li.id In-Ill tliiMilVici; iif Spi'iiki!!- f.ir oi;.'!ili;L'ii years. Td tlic Aiiilro^s, ill uiiswer to tiie Spioch. lui iiiiiii'uliiii'nt was iiiovuil. wiiii'ii led to a violent mid ]irotracloil ilobato. Tliis ann'inlmeiit plfdij;cd the GovorniiiCht to a well i)iinsi,lc'i-cd and efi'uetivo refuiin in Parliament; to the enianeipation of the slaves in the colonies; to the establishment of a '•vigilant popular" control over municipal corporations; the re- moval of the grievances of Protestant dissenters ; the correction of abuses in the Irish Church; and un admission of the needlissness of the late dissolution of Pailianieut. And this amendment was carried iu the House of Commons by a majority of seven. Subsequently, the appointment of the Marquis of Londonderry to an embassy to St. Petersburg was ojiposcd so forcibly as to lead Lord Londonderry to decline tiie appointment. After sldrmisliiiig through the first half of the month of March with these and other small measures, the Opposition brought forward the question of the appropriation of the surplus revenues of the Churth in Leland. This was the grand chcval de hatuiUc. held in nservc only until other moveiiients had been tried and failed. The AVIiIl'-j and lladicals were widl aware that Sir Robert Peel was deterniimil never to concede the application of the surplus revenue of the Iri:-!i Church to puipo.ses other than those of the Protestant religion. Tliej therefore brought forward a resolution applying the surplus to tlio education of all cla,?ses. A protracted deb;ito ensued upon the ijucs- tion, and upon every divisimi the Vv'higs had a majority — the same result attending the discu.rsion of the resolution in committee, llere- upon Sir Robert Peel rcsiLtned — and with him. of course, went tlio Duke of AVellington. Lord Melbourne was recalled by the King. aiiJ the Whigs again stepped into power and plao(>. From this time onwards, the Uukc of AVcllington ceased to take a prominent share iu the civil government of the country. Neither inclined to arrest the progress of wholesome change, nor to aid in sweeping away the ancient institutions of tiio country, he confiiicJ himself, in his place in the House of Lords, to a calm and temperato rxaminatioii of all the principal measures that came before it — giviiij,' his support when he conscientiously believed the case to deserve it) and offering his protest when he discerned danger in assent. In a speech made in July, Ibo."!, we find liiin niaintaiiiiiig the snhscription to the "Thirty-nine Arliele.-J." as a test '.^i the Pr'iteslaiilisiii of individuals matriculated at Oxford, and defending tiie tesi as reinloivJ lieeyssary by toleration. And in the same year he eoiiij i: led ol tiiO 1837.J WILLIAM TJIK FOURTIL 180 iegi.h.n:;i of :i'7^':^tz'vl '"■ :''- '•^•^^"•^"""" '>■ "- violent y opposing Lo.d ^UAl.unJ^, ^t """"!"'?'";" '"' oppcsed-wLon 1,0 iKul opposed at all wi "' •'''"■^'•^■•'' the Preinior a lesson un. n |!;, , ' '^'''"""^ ""H i.e ro.a Laving add....sc r^ 'h/""."'« "'! Co,.en.tives with not Wh.> '•! would ,.' • 7,"'.'" '^^"'" '''^' '•-""V..I of tho possess-on. a>,d tl,e vanons interests wh'h it co^ 's " ^ i ^ of one p:u.,enl,..r party in one particular placxv" "'' LingwTin^::^ifttrr;::,r;::i;of^^^^^^ ;- in U.e cause .f the Qneen. ^h:^^:;^"; j^^f ^^3:':;- to aid the project, suspended the Foreign Enli.tn.ent t ' or or tn Council, and countenanced the cctpe f li , !'' "" a.Hl son,e hundreds of n.rines with Genl " .t: T ^ ..o.rtheci::;:;-;;r^^^^^^^ of «n':;;;":;:]I^ £V" 1' "'"i* ^^ '""^' '^-- '^'*« ^"'- deceased no ir^ °PP^'' un.ty of passing a enlogiun. upon the Hous:tf ■ zrtr^li;:;^:^::!:- ^°^''^^^> ^"-^ ^po^i m the wl inT- :::2'Jt,fr:^ ^" ir ''^"'^ ^''-^^'-^^ ^ ^-« !n,l-.>i ri '""^"** .IS well as the noble viscount Olelbournel T J p>n,peraus c.rcumstancea as the noble viscount; but I Lave U I 100 Lin; ()!■ i'lu; d'Jki: oi-- wkllixotox. [is37. Ima nppnrtniiifu'H of \vilii(\-sii,L', uiulcT till tlics-c circnmstanccs, tlio porsoiml advuiitiig.'s of diiiniclir so al.ly lU'serilted by the iiobl" viscount. It has fallen to my Int to sine his Majesty at (liffc-.rnt periods, and in difftront eapaeitius; and wiiile I had tlic happiness of doing so upon all those occasions, I have witnessed not V.-II.LIAM IV. only all the virtues ascribed to hiui but likewise a firmiiesf!, a discretion, a candour, a justice, and a spirit of conciliation towards otiiers— a respect for all. Probably there never was a sovcrci;.'n, who, in such circumstances, and encompassed by so many diffieultu'S, more successfully met them than ho did upon every occasion on wiiich he had to engage them. I was induced to serve his Majesty, not only from my sense of duty— not alone from the feeling that the Sovereiga of this country has the right to command my services in any situa- tion in which it might be considered that I might bo of use— hut from a feeling of gratitude to his Majesty for favours, for persoriiil 1837] ^VILLIAM THE FOURTFI. 101 t..-.t groat office ^i-i:;;'.: ::;t3 :;:';;" 'r '""'/^ -'«■• anxious to retain. Notwitl.ta,. i .? ^ t 12,'" ^r" T"' ill Lis service; and he as « sn«o, • "'*•"'> ''"^'^••'' ''« fi"pl'-yed ,„o forget I considered ITSV T" "" ^ ''^'•^- '^ «^'^''"- <"»" > ,1 102 LITE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINOTOX. |13E7. CHAPTER XV. Accession nrQiitwn Victoria. AD Wii.MAM IV. — weak as bo was — boon succeeded by either of his surviving brothers, his demise would have given occasion for a greater display of jiublie grief tlian wns ujanifestcd upon an event which was to bo followed by the acces- sion of a Queen. History and tradition had combined to associate so nmcli of the glory and happiness of this country with the rule of a feuialo sovereign, that the lameutations for a monarch wiio liaJ given his assent to the Reform Bill, were speedily converted into rejoicings tiiat the country was now to bo ruled by a lady whose education had ])reparcd her for the responsible task of government, and who was believed to eluuish tlioso principles under wliich Kdgland had obtained a high pitch of moral greatness. Tlie proverb, that " when women reign, niou govern," gave assurance to the British community- that, in Qncen Victoria, we should boIioM tiie revival uf all that political good lortune wliich bad distiiigui.slieJ tlie reigns of Elizabeth and Aiir.(>, and an improvement in the donicsiio tone of society which had become si'iiiewhat impaired under tlio Regency, and had scarcely recoverod itself oven under tbo adinirablo example of Queen AdcLiiJe — the consort of William IV. The hopes of the nation received a striking confirmation at tlio very coiumenceiuent of the reign. When one hundred peers ami princes of the Privy Council assembled to sign the Act of xVliegianco, the Queen made a declaration of her attachment to the Coustitutiou in these words — '^r I8S7.J QUiiEN VIUIORIA lo;) ':o n-I Wo the constituti,,:. 0',^ "■"''' "'^' '"'"'''''^ ^'' '•'■•^I'-^ unceasing study to n.aiufuu (I ' '"'^^ /■'^""'■T. It mUI h, ,nv lil'-rtj. A>ul I .shall ,stou,IiIy pUl' "'J"^'""'"' "^ ••^'''^'""'^ voice in.p,....., aiiwil;: , -r:;:;:''" t'' '■" "■■"""■^^ '^^ '- gnnuleurofacharacto.Mvl,icl ,. •' '^""^ '""'" "'' "'« '"^'-'''t ao boautifull, and l.oaltl.n.llAod:;:;!;*"""'^''"^^'^^-- "f'-«'--J« Her 3Iaj,.s(y mudo no cliungo in her JlinJcf.^ . f , lent Jiou,sclu,ld, and drew ■„•„„,„? I f A'"'«t'-y i lormed nn cxcel- n.en who wo., n os ] ti -;•' '"/ho privacy of lifo. all tho.o f^r their oxe.nphH-y d n /^ 7 "' '" ^^■^''•'' '"''' co„spi,.„o,..s con,n,enccn,ont of a rei.,, whie! 1 , r '" '-''""•"'•feri.stic of the I^ritain, and dif^.e i^Sidt.^' j:"""^' '" ^''^^ ^"^'- - «-"^ s Jl:;:::;;^:::^^;::^::: :^t ^;:;;^. ^^^'^--o. no .nti.. niont in so happy a d.-re o of / '• •^">' ""-' ^"''^^ '^ «"^"-"- pleasure, Lord Melhournc. . ,i e h ^ t'"'' '" '' ' ""'^ ^ "'"" ^^ of Lords, nevu-gavo hiu.M. f 1 / " V"''^"''""'"" '" ''"^ "«"«° -y. He «on.eUn.s .ed '^ :? ^ "T "'^^'""'^'^ "-- -Inch exposed Inn.. por.on:d ^'^ nr^^ '^7:'''"' '' '' ^'"'"* ^v:.s of advant.rro to the O.uum. 1 ' •. , '"'•^ '"^"'^'-''■'-'"«^<' 3i:.jc., into ti,; .ei. Je o^ :' a r;::]: ci'T^"'^ '''-'-' '-' P''^.-.v <.f 11,0 ,„vorn„„.,u of .„h c.un.rv i„ ,i "' lu . ' '" "'''"'"'""•■'' """ '"« ">»''« ""«« '"", .■?»?«.,( 21,/,, 1841. **"■"' tounlrj. — «;,„cA ofiheVuke of miiing. 13 { " lt!«| '4 104 LTIK Ol' TIIIC DUKK OF WKLLINGTOX [nv.B. Amonpst tlio indiviiluiils whom hor IMiijosty Jclijjlitnd tn Imnnur iviis tlio Diiko (if ^\■(Hill<:tlln A fro(|iU'iit frin' t nt tlu! Palaco. lii-i fiiMon WHS coiistiiiitly ('iiiisiiUod by tlu! (iiu'i-ii ; uiiil il H not ton iiiii('!i to siiy tliiit tlio wisiloiii niid .sngiicity nf llin voiiciublo warridi' iiihI J>tiilt'-iii;iii. criiiibiiicd wilh tliu frciitluiiess of a fiithor towards a brlov. 1 iliilil. niado tliu dot'iiot iiiiprcs.iion on tlio ductile mind and airfctioii- ato In art of tlio youthful inonureli, and socurcd to his Graco a lastiii" onl truly i'iiv;:ibl(' rci^'aid and att.icliinciit.' Till' Did;c (if \Vt'lliiiLrton wa.s, of eour.se, much in tlio Iiabit of iiic ; itig Lord Molbourno on equal and fiicidly t^rnis in tlio prtscnco if till' Quocn. but it Iku! no cflPi.'ct upon llio jolitioal opii.ions of 1,;. Gi-aoo. Ilo uontiimod to express liimsclf fi'.!iikly in tlio Ilouno uf Lords rcspootiiig al. measures to wbloli lie oould not give u curd!: I nnd ready support, and was nncoinproinising in bis opposilim, i , priiieiples wliioli tliroatoned an exteii.sion of pojiular jiower, or daiiin o to tliu intorest.s of tlio Irish rrotoslants. Queen Viuloria was crowned with much pomp in the summrr of iSoS, A eirciiinstaiico of great interest occurred in connection wi;'! the event, which brought ou: tlij generous cliaraetcr of the pcopli: i-l" England and the high chivalry of the Duke of Wellington in vivil nnd agreeable colourn. The per,-:onago selected by the King of the French to ropresont Praueo at the coronation was Marshal Soult, the ancient aiitagiiiii-t of Wellington. The reception of tlii.s oflieer was enthusiasiie, " Tlio people rccogiii.sed in liini the symbol of bravery and inililary slai!, They forgot the cruelties and barbarities which had marked the earlier pari (if his career in Portugal : tliey remembered only the indomit.-iMi; perseverance of his resistance to Wellington in the Pyrenees and llig 1 Tho foll.nvliy ciri'uiiisiiiiico wiia rihiluil by M.ijor t'lmimins Ilriice, iit ilio Coiiscrviilivo (I'liiK'r hivcn to l.lm nnd .Mr. M-lvonzic Jim., of .■^calwi'II, iit lurros, in t-cptcmljor, I.-;::. JI:iJ|'r (Jummlii^' llruco 8:iiil, ho rcso, "not only to Icll ii mh; Ivil to oriivo a binii|nT. V.- c:rcM!mM;,nco iilludod to liy llio Clmlrmun \v;i3 not a tide, but a f.ul. Lord .Mflljniinin, ll.o I'riiiif Minister, In, llio course of Ids olllcial duty, lately wailed upon tljo Queen at WlaJsur. After the bu.tiiieja was couelialed, tho noble lord said, tliere wa< a .-ul-jiot wliicii liu fel' aiU Himii to press upon her Maje.^lj's altciilinn. It wa.-, ivhclher there was any iadi\:dual l..r »lioi;i tier .Majesty entertained sueli a prelereneo that slio ini;,'ht wUli to have associated wiiii l.tr in llie cares of that sovereignly widi wliieh rrovidenee h.id blessed her. The ij-.ieen, no doulji. fell a lillle s.irpri.sed al the (iiiestioii : she reijuesled lo know if il was as a .Mlnisler .,r the (Town. laiJ as a ina'ler of Sialo policy, that ho asked the i of the statement 1 Kue the u'uuraiiicn Crfuiy iiaiue." south of I oil (lie til' never woi intircnur.Mi All el.isse.s rcsjii'ct to gi'iiiiino nil popular att tlie illii.stri porations, f lie was iii\ Liverpool, i At tlie gran Wdliiigfoii lieiided tlio 1 ill the fellow •• The Dill liniiniii- of bi wlioso name fici'asioii, II illii.striou.s sti this eiiinitry. iinist fully ap towards liim. {'resented bin (li'li;L'lited that iii'lividual to I Queen. •• Tlie Duke to address th gicnt feeling, o'js'i'rvi..^ tliat oiiteivd into liii » liiavcr, or a (C%rrsy The the English ar isns.] MAHSIIAL SOULT IX ENGLAND. 105 never would ^,ivo «nv.--n„a (I„. ,.„ ^"»po.or that t!„.y All .■I.„s.so,, f..,,,.. r.,.„v ,I,nv,.w..r'; "^'V"" "•"'^■'' ^'""'•^ '^^[1, F'P'.lar a(toM(ion that, H )ar,ro,. share .f ' """ '''•'''"'« »!">" tlio illustrious Fro„eh,„a„ Gr 1 " 'f ""^''" ''^ "ff^''-^! 'o r"-ion. f.,e. of .1, ki.,, w..:; e^;:;;: ^ r/'V"'"'^- '"'- Liverpool, „t each of which nla ^ i "•"""^'''•""•, ^^rnnohoster, and At Ihf rrvrnd dinner driven Lv fho' In, " n"'"'"'^ '''"' "''"l"'^i«^M,. ^\'!lin«t,.n was p.o.sont, a dU.oas:^'';, '''''"'• '''"' "'^' '^"'^ ^'^• 1-ncI.d the two di.t ishcd ol "■""'"« ''••^^•"'^' «'""p.-c:- ^W nana. Imd been given l'n..rT."" ""''^'■''""^ "^ '"'" ""■^ <-'u,>try. (CT.m) Andheh i. . -; '^"^ "'" P'^-^P'^ "^^ "-' f'^llv npp.;.eiato the cudh f i"."?' "'"' ''"' °" '"' P-'^ ♦"-"•''■s lH.n Lt only L "'';"^"' ^''."''' '"^^^ l'^-' "-i,;'s,e, r--ed hiiuHoif to t^: r br Hor^''''-':;''^'--- ^- '-i *!'liu'Nto.I that the Kin. of the L„m V' '' .^""^^ "' ^^'^''''''^'fo'.) was '•-'ivi.lual to rei.resont^h u o^ "^' ''""°" ^» ^'«''"^'"i.sh..d an Qaecn. ^ '"" °" "'"^ °'^'^''-^'°» ^f the coronation of our ^;- /.cling, but L ii ';;^;:;; ':r% "- ^'""^^ -'"' «'-vi,.^thattheex,,re.s,sio„s„s.dl H Ti "''^^•""""-'■-1 ''.V -ton.d into hi« ve.^ Lart. ]C^ ^ / ? ""f f ^^-"-«-.. 1-1 («'-) Thel^enehnti,, d J" ^'"'"■""■^'-'- «-o.-aI.' "- I^'"gli«i. anny- its "a !• '""'"''^ '" ''■^^'■'"•'''-^ the worth of ^-K/-//.' which .^ do „ rr'","'"'; "'" "■^■•^'•^ '"^''•'-- ^'^-^''^11 now pervade teirounei":;: ''''V' ^^"-""■ vatio., the noble Duke, alludS" 1 - --^"^ '""'" "'^^^^■ imagined, to tlxe hospitality ' It h 100 LIFR OF TIIR ninCl^ OP WKLLl.ViiTOy. [1 Hr.'i willi wlficli Iio WHS nt timt inonu-iit frp.itcil, in pompniiy witli tlm I)iil((i 111' Wi'lliiij^toii, haiil tliiit 111! lii.ij)oil )c't, oik; of tlicMO dii\M, lo tiiko liis rcvcngo {• rcviinchc') of Hio imblo Diiko in Franco Tl o illiiMtridUs 1111(1 vMlIiiiit I)iil Too I 1 never was your foe, lit least In the eourse mw of llio word: I was liiiii,'lit to respect yiai In llio sleriiest of nil schools, Iho haltle-lleld ; anil il wiisonly yes'.erday I lolil your youii',' Qiueii that nrilalii and rraneu hud tried Iho sword lum; enough lo eacli olhcr's liurm, uml should now try whiil I'rleiidslilp could do, and thus ensure ilie peiico of Europe.' I bowed and replied, ' .Marshal, you iiro nlill In the Held ; you lian) wmi other counlrlns by Ihu sword, and now you eomo lo conipier us by courtesy.' As I said llii-, ho pressed my kiieo genlly wiili his hand, and niiide some ulhiiloii lo poelry. llo is a miliii' niarllal-lealured man, lall, tm., and vii,'.irous; and I thoiujlit of Auslerlilz and many a liliuiilj- Held as he shouk hands wiih me al parliii','. Iliil wo nro nut to pari yet ; he has seal mo a ourd Cor his Kreal ball of this evei'lie.^ (.lilli .Inly), when 1 will nijain see, 1 feel a^'siired, (he saiiii) eimple, easy, courteous man I found duriiii' the Inlcrview 1 have aUempied to descriho."- JtnwfrifH i'utirirr, "When .Miyshal Soidl w.as nt Mimchesler, n workinr man In n cullon maiiufaelnry Ihiro, winhed exeeediii'dy lo sliiike hands Willi llie Marshal. His wish was r-adily ijralilleil, wlion liO explained his niolivo. llo had been in llio Killo llrigiido uil llio I'onliisular War, and liiid liwl nt Soult TiiiKTY limes, bill failed. Al Toulouse, ho tired Iweuly limes at the .Marshal, Willi liie same result. The .Murshiil again shook liim by the hand, isajlni,' ihiit ho was a good soldier, iiivl liiid done his best lo serve his country." "JIarsiui. Soult asd Captaim Masdy.— (From n Corre-'pondent.)— .\t an Interview «liic!i JIariliiil Soult granted lo Captain .Manby on Triday lasi, for the pui-pnso of reiiuesiliii,' liis E.vcelleiicy lo lake charge of a memorial lo his soverei^'ii, the Kile,' of Iho I'roncli, lo saiiL-liiiii mil encourage an Interiialional negollatioii with Iho marilime iiaiioiis of the world, and eii'er imo B eoropreUeOoive trerdy of liiulutd elllaiievs for the jirescr\alion oi" !i;'c, and ihc proic-.-iiva if 1M9.] BAN'Ql'ET TO THE DUKE AT DOV KR. iiti.Ioi-fitaMdinj^ wliicli wn 107 « »n mark lli 1-1 J.Mi,., ,1.0 r,.i,n of ,.„.U PI.ili,.:a """""° "^ ^""'°° "'''' ^"8' riio bcaiinif nf t\\o Duku ■ C \v ii- . n..ln.ri. cxcll,n«Iv , ' , '',^ ;'^ ? '""'T'^ "- I>"k" of 1^3.. n..d L .^vi..„;: i :;; f;-- ^^to saiJ: ' ' "Mho ...est v.oU.nt of tl.o radical prints je^-rs e„r„„, a„e„,,„,,.» ""'* ""^"'' '" '"-^ '">"-'. ""J l>r-^ .Ho suhj™. on his Ma- ".MahSIHL SniLT *MJ TUB >rKTR.,rOLlT*V I'UM. K -Tho v . recent ,lepa«„ro m,m ,hi, c.,„„,rv e.,,..,! a i, n 7 f ^ ""' """'"'' ^"""' "''"' "> ^i* "i-n,,,. ,he .„.,„^,.he., fi: ;;,,';:: ' -'r "' ^^^ "■" v-^, ... w,..., c;,n,.u, -.^..et „.^ ,„„„ „„,, „, e,:^i :^':^. r rt : "'" """''^""" "' '"«= --"-' ■ S.'JfflKlCTl,'' !.| ' — "-^ '" '"c environs Uioreuj; be«a !..'li h 108 LTFl':: OF THE DUKE OF VTELLTNGTOX. [ISSO- tliis topic— Uio iinpossiWlUy of furj^etMnw in tlie spirit of party tlie Bervices lendt-rcil by •• one traiisctMnliiiit jreiiiiw in peace iind in ^a,-." — Luril Brougliiiiii gnve vent to his iiilmiratioii in an apostioplic ■wliicli is remembered us one of the most brilliant oratorical efforts of the age. lie " iuvokcd both Leniisphcres" to witness that Wei- LOftD BUOUGBAM. lington "never ndvanced but to be victorious — never retreated but to eclip«e the glory of his advance, by the yet harder task of unwearied patience, indomitable to lassitude, the inexhaustible resources of transceiidiint skill showing the wonders, the marvels of a moral courngo never yet subdued" "Despising all who thwarted him," said Lord Broughuiu, "with ill-considered advice — neglecting all hostility, »s he knew it to bo groundless — laughing to scorn reviling enemies, jealous competitors, lukewarm friends, ay, hardest of all. to neg/ect disphing even a fickle public, ho oast bis eye forwards ns a man niight, to a time when tliat luoinentary fickleness of the people would puss away, knowing that, in the ead, th« pet^U were alwaj* just to merit." 1839.] THE CORN-LAWS. 100 The Duke's reply wiis simple and n,oclesc-involvint .■•eeni to take into .'lecouut that the cxtans lou cl 1839.] THE DUKPS ILLlfESS. 201 To tHrilmT ""!,"""'"''"'" """''^ "'^^ - ™P'^*-to education I o the bill fur the sunnrcssion ,-,f tl,.. P . t i c^ut-auon. was so oarnestiv onnosofJ H, ,ft . o "• i- "I'lve-uacle, the Duke as it passed thro: j: e l^ '^t;'" "!"• ' ''"'^'^^^ ^°^'"«^ '' was. t ,at the ri.|,t!,f c Lo .^t. V ^' '"°" "'^ '"'^ "PP"'^'''""^ ten.d i„to at iCjL 1. = " ^'"' observance of the treaties en- within 1 ; :^ ^ p;2.:;rrT''''i,''^ ''-'- ''' --^ ^'^ Executive G ovornnlcnt ' "' ""' '''' ^''^'^ '^'' '^ '^^ Parlia,„e„t having been proro.v,„j, ,„e D„ke proceeded ns usual t« pas.s the autumn at Walmer Cisflp Wi -i i '""^'-'^"^" »''"«"■•»• to 1 I v>.istie. Wlule here, on the ''0th of Mn veinber. lie was siuldcnlv f-.l-,..> ill i . 1 ^*'' <,„ ,• . ^' "'ici'i> taken ill. and {rrent apprehensions were for some tmie e:itertained for the .safctv of 1^« i.Y. t* , , bee,, ont ,.„ti,„ nd .he ^.i.:' i:;^:te"th^h™t:r :^ o-,dur,ng, for he had been restricting his diet with great verty in order to get rid of a cold. When, therefore, he rfturned ho « o d..,ner. he fainted from inanition Sir Astley Cooper and Dr. Hume -t«v, of the most eminent plijsicians of the day-were immediately n attendance, and remained with the Duke a week, at the eud of which Uma he had recovered his stren''th. STATUE AT EDI.VBCRGH. i.. life ! ^''^«-l-^:'.v f,o,n ,l,e test it supplied of the esteem -Inch he was now generally held. Upon his return to town, his '>m LIFE OF THE DUKE OF 'WELLlNGFrOJ^r. p83»- appearnrx^e was greetorl with Hiarljcd expressions of congratulation, I'lt nitirely bv liis fiiends and pulitical opponents, but b^' tbe crowds assemble J rouud tLo gates of tLe palace wLen be attended a Privj Council. Anotlier strong proof of the restored popularity of the Duke of Welliiiglon was presented this jear in Edinburgh. A public meeting WHS held on tiie 23rd of November, to set on fuot a subscription for ci-ecting a imiional testimonial to his Grace iu the Scottish capital. Meu of all clusecs of tlie commuuity, and of all shades of politics, attended uud subscribed.' I Thli nnilonnl testlmnnlal look lAe form of a gplendld eqnestrian statae, bnt tblrt«Mi yean e'jpsed btiforr ll wo* tUiished and inaiigiiriiied. "Tula gruul work, which U from llie Imiid of Mr. John StcH, Is colossal ta dinMns'oni, B^uxsuriiiK iiBMrl) liiireen feoi in hei«lii ; anil u«eiher wllb llio |«jde»tal, which Is of Aberdeen g-ani.e, riKim; Iroin U.o feToaiid ubout iweiily-six feet. The bronze weighs nearly twelve Uins. II dori\e4 mMiili.n..! inirrcsi fnnu Us Uein? the Ural bronze sliilueever cast In Scotland. Unlike BioM other bri.iut; stalueis In this 'he ditfereiit parts are not rivctiod together, bnt/M»e«l— an Im- pnivement uiie.nled by considerable l.tbor auU Uifllutiliy. Tie t.or»e Is Iwre In high action. The Oiilypariswhicli lo ic!i the pcilesuil are the hind feet undtheuil; and,nccordlngly,in order to pre- ierve the hahinci', greii ."iiill wiis required In iipportloci iige\acily to each part Its proper weight o metul. Tiie oily o;hci e.j'ieVriaii statue In a similar posture is that of Peter the (ireat at St. Fe ertib'.irKh. w!,ere the dlfflciWy is chleQy nrcrcome by the i.ol very appropriate Inlmduction of • 8er,ieiil, upon wli'aMi the hore is Ir.iiniiling, and wliicli not only strengthens the hind legs, but pnijecis very fur be'iind, and serves as b ilinco. T.ie s:atue represents the Dtike moimled on bis charkcr, uiui issuing orders ; the reins I'e louse on the r.eck of bis phingliig steixl ; iu one band he holds li.eia tuid bis pl.Mued bat, and wUb tbe o'.ber poUiit cominuadiugly t» n dituat panof UwtUtld." 1840.J THE SESSION OF ISiO. 203 CHAPTER XVI. Tho Session of 1840— Tlin ii,.i,« PUBLIC man can hardly bo saij to Iiave a private life-least of nil can one who has for forty years filled a space in the world's thought expect to escape general [Observation. He nmy shelter himself beh.nd a barricade of punctilio-n,ay coldly and sternly repel the advances ^of strangers.-avoid sympathy with the , popular emotion of the hour-and even seclude him.elf from the gazo of the multitude. Still he must continue to be find his simplest acts scanned VS::llT^"? '"'''''' ''''' ^" - the property of the nation ' "" ^^'"""^ *" "'^^"''^ '''- were noted; his niovPin,.,.^. ,., * . i . ""'^'^'\«"'- Uis habits which he took i T '" ^''"''""' "^ '' P^'°'^--' "^0 s!,..u-e "^"i^ ut all ^iciit questions, -- ' ' • l\ 204 Lira OF TUIZ DUKE OF WELLTNGTOX [1810. inflnonco wortliy of Iiis military ronnwn ; nnd no matters of importance could be discussed without the (lucstions being iiskcd in ten thousiiTid places, "What docs the Duke say?— what does the Duke think of it ?" Tiie Speech from the Throne at the opening of Parliament on the Kith of January. 1810. was rendered peculiarly interesting by the iinnnMnceinent that her Majesty was about to ally herself in maninge with Prince Albert of Suxe Cohurg and Gotha, the Queen's »)usin. The character of the young Prince offered a guarantee^ of her M.ijesly's happiness, and all classes received the intimation with satisfaction. Perhaps no one in the realm more sincerely rejoiced at the prospect of an accession to the Queen's felicity than the Duke of Wellington. lie concurred most cordially iu the expression of congratulation to her Mnjesty on an event calculated to promote her comfort. True, however, to his attachment to the Protestant Church, and rigidly insisting on an adherence to the forms wliich afforded at least a nominal protection to the interests of the Establishment in its connection with the Crown, the D.ike contended that the public liinl a right to know something mo.e than the mere name of the Piiiice whom her 3Iajesty intended to espouse. His Grace remarked tinit the precedent of the reign of George III. Inid been followed in the annoiineemeiit excepting in one respect, and that was that the Prince w.is a Protestant. lie did not doubt— indeed he knew — that the Prince was a Protestant, and of a Protestant family. But ho main- tained that as it was necessary by law that he should be of tluit persuasion, an oflicial declaration to that effect should have been made by the Government. He ascribed the omission of the decla- ration to a fear of tiie Catholic party in Ireland, who seemed to be exerting themselves to inspire England with ■• terror :" and he called ujion the House to require a formal auuouncement of Prince Albert's religion. The next occasion itpou which the Duke of AY>.'llington spake in 1810 Wiis when the House of L'irds was called upon to app'WO of ar CNpcJiti.in into Aff/lntnistan. It appears th.at tlic Governmonts nf Ei!;iland and India iiad iiad some reason to believe that Eiissia was intriguing at the Court of D.ist Mahomed, tiie ruler of Cainil. to acciuiro certain commercial and political advantages, including the riu'lit of trafficking up'm the Indus, with tiio ultimate view of ohtaitiiiig a footing ill India, To check tliose designs. Lord Auckland, the Governor-General of India, acting in concert with the Goveniiiieiit at home, determined up )ii replaci.ig up jn the lausnud or throne of 1840.] TUK AFFGIIANISTAN EXPEDITION. 205 Cabul an ox.led K.ng. Sha!. Sooj:.h by name, who had for some years been a , f„goe ,„ the IJn.isl, territory. Antleira.ing serious oppo s.t.on, or, at d events, conten.plating the in.p..rta„ee of surroundi^,. the restored K.„, with a British arn.y .ho sl!ouId hold posse Jinf' Affgha.ustan Lord Auckland dispatched fifteen thousand n,en of 1 arms to Cahul, under Lieutenant-General Sir J.,h„ Keane, an „id Pen.nsu a offieer havn.g under his co.nn.and as Generals of Division S.r Wdloughby Cotton, Mnjor-Generals Sale, Willshire, Nott ^ others The army marched down the left bank of the Indus cross d at Sukkur, moved through Upper Scinde and the B,.la„ P IpZ d Candaar, took Ghu^nee by storm, and entered Cabul Tiuf The w ole affa.r was well conducted, and the stormir.g G Z was a te,.de by severe loss, for the leading troops were°engaged a d-t -hand confl.t wuh the Affghans, under the gate^va^y which Uj.ad become necessary to blow in, owing to the abtence of siege These operations elicited the warm approbation of the Duko of he ,? H J^*^/'"'""-"^ ^'- '-'^''''"f J-lging of such operations upon the strength of h.s own personal experience, and declared that ho iV.d never known an occasion on which the duty of a Governnu.nt was per ormed on a larger scale-on which a more adcp.ate provision was made or a conUngenc.es and various events which couli occur; and he sa,d of the officers engaged, that ti,ere were no men in the scrvieo who deserved a h.gher degree of approbation for the n.anner in whi.h on aU occasmns, they had dLseharged their duty. In no instance that' Duk had ever card of had such services been pe.forn.ed in a nner better calculated to deserve and secure the approbatiou of the House of Lords and the country. L. the same month (February), tl,e Duke of Wellington opposed ..uself to the propagation of the Socialisn. which was tnaking'^o e -.y m the count.cs of Wiltshire and Han.pshire, and which lo denonnnatod a ;^ mischievous and demoralising.' sy'stem ; ad e cmn..tanees bav.ng subsequently arisen to afl^rd oceasi „ f^r is cliSl^ l^"t.h navy, he delivered hin.self of the Mlo^l "I know a great deal of the gentk.nen of that profession, and f.r "'> own part I Lave always had, and still have, the greatest and h.ghes respect for them, and the very utn.ost confidence' n ti^cM . I ave always endeavoured to en.ulate their services in the service in 1.1 have U.3 sojf been engaged; and I am sure that in noihin. ey feel not only in themselves and in the o ffic era 200 LIFE OF THE DLHCE OP WELLlNGTOIT. [1840. of their own ranks, but in all officcis and troops under their com- "'"t1.o generous way in which the Duko of Wellington invariably spoko of the conduct of the officers of the army of whom ho had known anything was not by any means the least remarkable feature of his speeches in Parliament. He seemed, as wo shall afterwards sec. always glad of an opportunity of bearing tribute to profcs,s.onal worth. Th,3 proceedings of Lord Seaton (Sir John Colborne, of the 5-2,ul), when Governor of the Canadas, Laving come under review, the Duko said (March 27, 1840):— , ., , ,, , ,, , " I i>ad tlip lionour of being connected with the noble and gallant lord in service ,-^ an early period of his life ; and I must declare tlmt, at all times, and under all circumstances, he gave that P'-o"'";^ °f prudence, zeal, devotion, and ability, which he has so nobly fulfalled in hi.s services to his Sovereign and his country during the re- cent proceedings in Canada. I entirely agree in all that has boon said respecting the conduct of my noble and gallant friend n> remaining, under all circumstances, at his post, and m uiknig command of the troops, although it was not thought expedient by the Goverumo'.t to place him again in the government of the provinces." , . , In this year, a question of very material import arose, wliicli created a great deal of excitement from the extraordinary .ogal pro- ceedin-'s which followed upon it. It seems that for some four or live years previously certain persons had been in the habit of bringmg actions a-ainst the Messrs. Hansard, the authorised pubhsliers ot th. debates in the House of Parliament, for libels contained m flie re- ports of those debates, and that the defence of the Messrs. Il.nsanl that they were publishers "by authority" of the language used by the highest judicial tribunal in the land, was of no effect. At Icngt!,, tho M°ssrs." Hansard appealed to the House of Commons. The 1Ioiih>, by a vote, declared that any proceedings taken against persons for simply publishing its proceedings would be guilty of a breach ol privile-e Nevertheless, one Stockdale, a publisher, who had ottei. Luen under the animadversion of the House of Commons for the character of his publications, continued to persecute the Hansiinl.^^, and. ultimately, obtaining damages, called upon tho shenfts to levy execution upon the goods of the defendants. The sheriffs oboycJ the writ of the Court. Tiic House of Commons, in vindication ot it^ .n-ivik-n" committed the slierif.s to prison, and likewise the attoniry wlio acted for Stockdale. The press and the public took up the subject with great warmtli ; and between an anxiety to protect the [1810. 208 LIFE OF Till': DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [13.40. It would lir.ve l^on niiuiifo.slly inipossll)!.) to moko exceptions in fiivcur of imy iiirlicnilui- eliiss i.f iiMliviilunlrt in t!u! Iioat nf piir- liimcutaiy discussion. If f.irciL'ii snv.Tpi^'iis w.TO to bo ,>rot('ftod simply l>cciiuso tlicy wcio pnnu) lo take olToi'Oi! lit a dcjr.'t'o of frciMloni int(d.ial)lo in tlirir own connlry, every individniil in tlic Uniti'il Kiii,i;l"m would Imve a gond liglit to eomiilniii of a dlHrcfrard of !lic iutc-'rity of private cliaructor. Why slioiild tlio enormities of u tvr.int escape tlie strictures of the senators of u freo country, nod (lie eooiparativo pcccajllloc.-i of an iiunihle trader be visited with unlini. itcd reprehension ? By » happy and wise provision of tlio Legis- lature, the British Courts of Law afford tlie same protection to a foreign despot against I. e lieeuso of the British press as a suhje.^t of the Eng'ish Crown enjoys, and no great moiuirch— wlietiior Emperor of all the llussias or Ruler of France— could desire inure. Foreign Governnieuts should be taught to distinguish between the commentaries of private individuals contributing to a newspaper, or members of Parliament speaking to a fiuestion before the Mouse, and the language of a minister embodying the sentiments of a Govern- ment or the nation at largo. The anxiety of the Duke of Wellington to guard against a war was natural— and pcculii-. -ly commendable— in a great soldier who had scon so much of its actual horrors and sub- sefiuent evils ; but his Grace, in the araour of his pacific sentimeiit'i, lost sight at once of the danger of checking freedom of discussion, and of the panoply of defence supplied to the foreign potentate in tiic British Courts of Justice. Excepting the misunderstanding which had arisen with China owing to the sudden seizure and confiscation of large cjuautities of opium belonging to British merchants, and the arrest and imprisuu- ment of tlio representatives of the British Crown and the super- intendents of the trade with China, no subject of any mateiinl importance drew out the Duke of Wellington duri-ig the bcssiou of 1810. He said a few words on the 30th of June on the great utility of the Canadian cohinies to Great Britain ; and on the 30th of July lie maintained that religious education in England should bo pnividud out of the funds of the Church, v.M on the 4th of August that oatli.s were necessary in Courts of Justice to establish the truth, whith is the foundation of all truth; but no other record of his addresses to Iho ILiuse of Lords— if any were made— is to be found in the Par- liamentary annals of the year. Iler Majesty was married to Prince Albert in February, 1S40. The Duke of \Vcl!iu:;t.ou was present, but it would appear from tlie evidence of spectators on the occasion that Time and a life of labour 1841.] 1841] LOUD MELBOL'UXK UWIONsJ. 200 and nnxiniiH care were bcginiiin;! to display tli. ir effects upon hU porsDM. Tim papers df tin. day >i,,ti. tli.if — ' Tlie Dakf, wiio limki'd Inii I'm. and did not alacrity, wuh tlio only individual wlimn tl lUDVC \M ih I, I.i \is:ia 1 liuhour and to cIicit. ■ Ho bowod cil (! npnutatora stood up to arc sorry to say, .siiddng under tlio wci'dit tf i uly in rojily, but. secuiod, wo louours and of years. Tlio sliell was wc rotiiincd all its pri.siiiio force, and I ariii/r out, but the spirit of iho vonorablo warrior 'lo continued for twelve year.s later to astonisb l.ii peers and fellow .subjeot.s by the vigour of his intilicut and the hardiness of his fiaiue. Lord Melbourne's (Jovernnient bad for some tiino previous to tlil.s time began to c.xpcriciico the con.sciiuenee.s of the lassilude of its chief Making mi effort to maintain power by realising the expecta- tions of its liberal .supporter.s — content to can niea.suros ^y insii:- nifieant nnijorities, which minorities, in other days, would have construed into "want of confidence" votes— enduring defeats with placidity— and exposed to much ridicule and contempt out of doors.— the iMelbourno Government, after a siehly existence of ten y ears' duration, di.s.solved in 1811. and her Majesty entrusted the office of Priine Minister to Sir Itobcrt Peel. There wa.s no question now of Maids of Honour and Ladies of the Kedchaniber. Sir Robert felt liiniself sufficiently strong to defy back stii nfl( id th lucnce, comitry nad become too weary of the effete Wliig.s to view with regret the aeccsioii to authority of one who had shown^ on former occasions, that he was not disinclined to bend to the necessities of the hour, and carry popular measures. The Duke of Wellington accepted a seat in the Cabinet without office. lie was found to be a sound and able adviser, capable of safely guiding others in their political career, if not always successful in bis ow:i personal ex])eriinents in the science of government. The authoritative influence which the Duke bad acquired in tbo nou.se of Lords— even to the e.Ment of holding the proxies of a great many peers— was of infinite utility to Sir Robert Peel. Whoever might be in power, bis Grace confessedly " led " the peers, and his habit of mastering and addressing himself to every subject that came prominently before the House, ac(iuired for him the reputation of au orator. True elocjucnee has been defined, the faculty of enunciating the truth in the most simple and striking m.iniicr. This, however \n not the ordinary acceptution of tbo term. With the multitude, eloquence I I h I' I 111 eio LIFE 01' rilK DUICI-: 01'' -WKLLIXaTOX. [1841. piiii only co-exi.«*t witli ctllorcscpiipo (if Htyln. brillijincy of pliriiso, MiiiKitlily-rniiiiili'il piiMxagcs, iin iitHniMiro of tnipo nnil inutn|iliitr, and eii|iiMiiMiii'.s.s of illii'^tnitiiiii. Tliii.-*!! Kii^iliHliiiicii will eiijuy tlio lii;,'li(j.st rank in lii.itur}' us onitdis wlm wtTO must njiiiaikHljli.' for tlio U'ii).;tli niid (.TiuiJour of tlii'ir liiiraiigiics. IJiirki', who sjioko for hours, iiilDiiiiii^' his sp(;ni.'Iios witli cliis>ifal (jiKitatioiis niid gorjitioim iiiiMgcry ; Macldiitosli, wlio delivered Bciitt'iitiuus tsxays, giiruislied with rholoricul oriiaiiicnt ; Slicridiiii, wlioso npostropiics rcscinbicd tilt! nisiiiiig of a cm rent vivid witli tlio flaslios of phospliorio liglit ; Bioiigiimu, wiio mingled torse nnd vigonniH pussagcs, witli olahorutu piutltiidus springing from si mental prodigality which k low not how to econoiiii,''o ; — tla'.so mid others of lesser note earned the title of orijtors, and will bo cited in after ages a.s the only true di-sciples of the schools of cloqueiieo foundod by Cicero and Doniosthcnes. But those who yield nothing to appeals to the fancy — who have disciplined their minds to iiecept only the rays of truth transmitted through the simplest and clearest medium — will give a preference to the practi- cal sjicaker who discards every decoration us an interference with fidelity, or a-' an artifice only lit ti) cover sophistry or CDUceal intrinsic weakness. The Dcike of Wellington was of the latter class of orators. His speeches were rongh-lunvn fro;!i tliu block of his sagacity and e.xjie- ricneo, ui..i his auditory fu-j't their roughness and uii[iolished aspect in their deep sense of the v.ilue of the ipiarry. Ilis s rong iitorak— his love of truth, his c Miteinpt fu- all tiie redundancies and super- fluities whieli encumh' id a case — his faculty of discovering and n.tli- lesslv exposing a fil' iry — his exactitude of description — his care ia calling things liy their right niunes — his ailmiralicni of the Constitii- tiiiii — tmd his profound veneration for mouarcliic.il power — inipiriiMl a weight to his speeches which no florid or merely graceful oraloiy could coiiiitcrh:ihmco. E\ainples of this will be found in many of the passages (juoted in f iregoiiig pag's, and in those that may be given liereafter. They will not scive as niodehs, because there will be (uio e-> iiti;'! ingredient wanting in those who may attempt to copy tlio ])uke"s [iluaseology and manner — the influence of name and station. That which came from him with sledge hammer force, and was ac ccpted wiih unexampled deference by the " Brivo Poem of Eiislund— Tilt" |)lll:ir.-i (if the Siak'," would bo account' d mere impertinence in one who had no other claiiu to ).•'' hoard than high lineage, a college education, and a careful "tyih 1811. 'IIli; DITvirs OltATOHY. 'J 11 nftl,o public qnojtion. of ,1,., .,,.,, en,.l,l cnf-r. Mr, Fn„„,H, i„ I,|. d> .>„ot of ovo It ,,s „of, .so„,I,t l,y |,i,„. v..t 1,0 is ,,vulv ,vl,en ...i „nd s.t. d..wu ul.n.,,lv.. I,o ro., ,i;.....t .I,..,I, ^L I..S .IcLvorcI l,as ,,Io„...,.l „.• .li.,,!...., ,.i,. „„„,„„, t,„. .^ .^ ° Y7rz '° 7' "'T ""' "'" ''•'"-'--"- "f i>-n.:.i :i..:c in. tl,u D,.ko will pn.Juco, o„ tl.o floor uF tl,o II„„se of L„nls p,r of"tl!!!i;'uir'"' ^"■'"'"""' '^"-''' "'^"' '■" "'"^' '"ii''"''^"^ ""J -l-ilcui '• TI|o ngencios by wind, Ins i,.l]uenco wo.Ich ou H,c le.asl.t.iro and lu; publu. aro of a f... ,.ig,.er onlor. Look at ,1,. ,no.;i ..i. t ;n„g.wul, ,„::. U_n.aroputa,ional,va.]yI,i.,on.,l..I,at,:anof tl.. day, b. 1.. evoM ,ho greatest, oa,, , ..nand th. rcspcet wlilcb his «.cjo,..o.e..ce„.p„.e.? It ,.,ay sc.,,, a .nflo, but it ii ..o p.v,na HI. deep .uean.ng, tl.at t!.o only individual in t!,is .nn.trv, . .cent .^ ...embers of tho royal fa,.,ily. ,o .Lmu all nu„.,l,c ],i,i,e.tuml ;■ Wc.t, uncjnor tbe.nselvcs i„ tl,e public l,i,lnvny, i. (L.^uko of \^ .1 ugt „. If tho v.,|.a,-, tl.o inditn .v.,t, ,■:. triflor., tl.o ignorant pay ■.hon.ngotobi,...l,...o.ol.o..,,. i.d,.Mo;u,v,.:^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -t the .a.no sentu.,c,.t prevail witi.iu th. wal!., „f th. IIou.o of Lords au.ong tboso wbo.o privileges and social prc-omincnoo re.t'upon iicrcditai-y giatitudo ? ^ ''T1.0 Duko of W.-IIington, i„ bi., pbico iu tho llou.so of Lord. Bfai,d.s apavtfron, and above, all tho other p. ra, Tl.eie u.ay bo ,ueu of n>o..e ane.ent ],„eage ; there arc c.r.ainly n.en of n.oro cou....a.>d ng and r.l nu.t talents of ,l.o sort that . .ptivate n. a.sen.bly, whether eo.npo.sed of the high or the low; but he fanscend.s the,., all i„ tic posse.s,o,. of that pouxu- whieh is created by a vola„ta.-y intelleetual b,n.ss.on. P]a,n, unpretending, venerabU, a. he i., ho seen. cnei,.eled by an atn.o,sphero of glory. AH pl.ysieal defects, all tho infir...i.ios belong to the past, and to .speak with its authority. Often orac'ular .n h.s denuneiafons and i,i his deelsioas, strungo to say, those who bear him seem to believe that ho is so, nd It !s !,ftt .".snoDg pigmies that ho is thus morally a giant. The (' l- # 212 LIFE OK TllK DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1S41. deferercc and respect paid to tl>e Duko of Wellington in tl.e Hou«o W?s C0.0 f..o„> Ln of the highest order of -"^^^ J]-'-^ political differences nor personal vanities interpose any obstacle to its fre xtossion. Powerful and successful orators and .tatesn.en ans- 0:2 demagogues,, rave lawyers and erratic l-v-gwers ^v^.atever n,ay be their mutual jealousies or their cnston.ary arrogan all J^eU at once to his moral suprea.aey. The man of tl'O P'-- "^ ^ - stands next to him in extent, if not the qual.ty of 1-/^" ',^'; » s distinguished among his contemporaries not more for h.. pa.l.a. Ct'td political successes than for his -ntal an u.o -. ordination,-he, too, ostentatiously proclaims hnnself the devoted ad ^lireTand follo'wer of the Duke of Wellington. The homage .s too universal not to be sincere. 11. 1 "n is this moral .eight or Influence that gives to tl- puW- spc. • ;n,r of the Duke of Wellington its chief characteristics. Ho can Sal w 1 an authority whicli no other man would dare to assume, a'd til assumed by any other man, would not be submitted to^ For the same reason, he can dispense with all the explanation and polo.y which so often render the speeches of other men rid.cukn.s. Ue hL no need of a hypocritical humility, or an affected do.,,-e of abstinence from that great necessity of polifcians-speec .,>.:.. 1 lie knows both that he i.s expected to speak, and that what l,o li to say will be held to be of value. He knows tat 1.0 u. clsion will be come to till he has been heard, and hat the clu. ee. are in favour of his opinion prevailing even with those opposed to hi.„, unless the current of political feeling should happen at the tun. to run very strongly indeed These incumbrances of ordinary spe„ • ers being cast aside, the Duke can afford to run at once full 1,1 j the real Question in dispute. To see him stripping the subject all oKtraneous and unnecessary adjuncts, until he exposesi to his I.e.- ers in its real and natural proportions, is a very rich treat. 11. .cents a fallacy afar off. and hunts it down at once without me.cv lie has certain constitutional principles which with lam are re. standards. He measures propositions or opinions by these stand- :l, and as they come up to the mark or fall shorty ot It, s. a. Ihev accepted or disposed of Sometimes, but rarely, he carr.c. l.i. iufl'cvihle system too far, and has afterwards to retrac ; but 1 . remarkable for a man who has wielded such authority who hasb.u accustomed to implicit deference for so many years, and whose lueM.l organisation is so stern and steadfast, how tew prejudices he lu. Even these will always yield to necessity, often to reas.m. It k b. ^ ". ,,„-„ Hn.il the fiult is Ws his than of tho.-e who loud tometinics (luguiatioai,_i.ie i.iaii. to i.^>- 1841.J THE DUKK'S JIORAL IXFLUEX ■CK 21* him into tliis natural error, wlioii tl reminding him that ho is fallible licir respect deters tlinm from even ■ Self-reliance and sinsl tliought and simplicity of d oncss of purpose induce in him vigour of iclion. confined to the language only, but extends to the mind, is unique. You meet nothing like it in any prominently before the public. Tl: This siuijiiicity, which is not bo operation o other man lore is a vigorous oughts and words. As a speaker and as a general, the Dnl f the now y of equally disencumbers himself of unnecessary agen'ts''^ "lle'i.s' m liulc fond of rhetorical flourishes or declamatory arts as he was of useless troops. Every word does its work. Simple, sound, sterling Saxon, he seeiis to choose by instinct, as hitting hardest with least sho^/ Sometimes, this self-reliance and simplicity degenerate into an abruptness almost rude. Then the sin.plicity would almost appear affected, but that the Duke is wholly incapable of that culpable weaknu.s.-'. "Witli all his apparent simplicity and rigidity, no man more thoroughly k.'cps pace with his ago than the Buke of Wellington. He unites great shrewdness of perception and readiness of observa- tion, with a disposition steadfastly to adhere to what i.?, rather than to yield to what has not been tried If ho rarely rejects a theory he as rarely adopts one, because it is new. He is not fond of theories except tfiose which the past and the experience of long practice have sanctioned. He individualises everything as much as ho can Ho prefers a sm .11 benefit, that is specific and real, to the mo.^t ma-uifi- cent promises. The chief characteristic of his mind is connnon seiiiie ; but it is of a very uncommon sort. It becomes a kind of practical philosophy. Ho requires so much per cent, deposit for every .share in the joint-stock of modern wisdom. Perhaps he some- times pushes the.«e peculiarities too far. The prejudices of so power- ful a man may .sometimes become a great national obstruction But on the other liand, it is well tl..-', there should be some men of fived ideas, to prevent the moral world flying off out of its appointed orbit. * ' '•It is the moral influence of the Duke of Wellington, and the position m the country which his great services have secured for him that render him so influential a speaker in the House of L,.rds It 18 felt that his speeches are not merely n.ade f.n- a party purpose, but tliat they embody the experience of a life. His sinceritv. and the reliance you have on his sagacity, compensate for the absence of those graces of style and .nanner, and that choice of langno-^e which 214 1,1FK OF TlIK DUKE OF AYKLLINC'.TON. [ISU, arp oxpcctoa from a pul.lic srraker. Ho usually .uts in a sli.to of ubstnicti-.n ,— I"'^ anus f.il.lcl. l.i.s licnd sunk on his breast, hts lo-. stretched out : lu: sonns to l„> i.^l..... ' Uut in a very few nioMmnls, 1,0 shows tliat 1)0 hn.s not been un inattentive observer of the debute, IIo suddenly starts up. a.lvances (sometimes with filtering steps. from his advanced nge) to the table, and, without preface or preli,.,. iuary statement, dashes at once at the real question in dispute. Tlie lroseiiiiiii' lliu Duke in iho ullliudo l,or« described, it b uue of ll» very few sWUiettca wUicU cuu be e.MUW.M.ity acceplcd for it* Odellty. 18il.] THE CABUL CATASTR0Pni5. 215 «s.abl.8l„ne„t.s. especially illustnui,,. tl,o,„ by the state of Bntish to do .l„.,r duty ,.. ,enns of t!,e r,i.sl. Poo.-I.w IMl ; upheld th^ Corn.h.ws,..scalcuh,tcni ,o support .ho ngric.hu.e of Eojh.nd, „nd ren er her .ndcpendent of other .a.ioos; and disputed " ^heir con- r,ect.on wuh the inereu^e in the i.nports of eotton, which he .ather ascribed to the operation of steam uiauliiiifry The «xpeditio.. to Aff^hanistuu alluded to in the narrative of the affair, of 1839. after cou-pleti,.. i,« obj.c. o.uiured a horrible fate in the H«u,h.Iat,an of the entire force by the AflVhaus and the n.ouu ta,n tribe, u. 1841. An insurrection, it appear.s, took place. an-> L .u unguarded moment, the British force was .urpri.sed and blockaded • ..nd upon Its subsequent permitted evacuation of Cubul in the ^epth of Winter, it f«ll a prey to the vengeance and treachery of the Affghans. •' Before the news of the massacre had reached England, the Duke of Wellington was consulted as to the propriety of occupying the country, and he then took a view of the position of the British troops, aud drew up the followiug^aper :— . « It is impossible to read the letter from Mr. Macnaghten to the Secretary to the Government in India, without being sensible of the precarious and dangerous position of our affairs in Central Asia J K 'iff "°""^i?" ^°"'P'"''" "^ '■*'P°'^^ "o"^""* '^° King, Shah Soojah Khan, and his Government, as libels. " Of these we can know nothing ; but I am convinced that no com- plumts or libels can be so stroiig as the facts staled by Mr, Mac- naghten in this letter." " It appears that when Mr. Macnaghten heard of the first symptoms and first acts of this rebellion, he prevailed upon the King to send a message to the rebels, inviting them to return to their allctiance. The selection of the person sent is curious-Humaya KImn the Oov^nor of Cabul « His mission failed, of course,' slys 11:. 3lle! reb!Sl' " ""' '"''^'^ "" *'" ^'"'■'^ '"^^'S^'- »f "'O JT' ^"T./" *'"' *'°""*''y something of the customs of thosa oo^tries of the meaning of some of the native expressions in this cT\ Ai^^'T'' *''** ^^"^ "^ ^°"'- ^^'*"'^^«. ««• Post«, between Cabul and Gundamuck. A thanah is either a permanent ^r a tem" iZZloT. ^""'^ * T^ '" ^'^'™' °^ ""P°'""'<«- ^Vo have seen who the person was selected to induce the rebels to submit • hi Puowsee who were the persons appointed to take cLar^e of tko's. 216 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'. [isn. thanalis or posts in the disturbed coniitvy — tlioso iiniiiod in tlio snli sequent part of tlio dcsiiatcli as tlio very men who «ero tiie leaders in the rebellitm, in the iittiick, and destruetion, and murder of tlm East India Company's oflicors and iroops! No libels can state f.iets against the Aff^linn Government stronj^er than tliese. " But Mr. Macnaghten luis discovered that the Company's trmipH are not sutliciently active personally, nor are they suHieiently well armed for the war iu Affgiianistan. Very possibly au Affgiian will run over his native hills faster than an Englishuwn or a Hindoo. But we have carried on war in hill countries, as well in llindostun and the Deccan as in the Spanish Peninsula ; and I never heard that our troops were not equal, as well in personal activity as by their arms, to contend with and overcome any natives of hills whatever. Mr. Macnaghten ought to have learnt by this time that hill countries are not conquered, and their inhabitants kept iu subjection, solely bv running up the hills and firing at long distances. Tlio whole of a hill country, of which it is necessary to keep possession, particularly for the communication of the army, should bo occupied by suffieitMit bodies of troops, well supplied, and capable of maintaining them- selves; and not only not a Ghilzye, or insurgent, should be able to run up and down hills, but not a cat or a goat, except under the lire of those occupying the hills. This is tho mode of carrying on tlie war, and not by hiring Affghans, witii long matchlocks, to protect and defend the communications of the British army. " Shah Soojah Khau may have in his service any troops that he and Mr. Macnaghten please ; but if tho troops in tho East India Company are not able, armed and C(piipped as they are, to perform the service re(inired of them in Central Asia, I protest against tlieir being left in Affglianistari. It will not do to rai'-e, pay, and discipline matchloek-nien, in order to protect the British troops and tlieir comnuinications, discovered by Mr. Maenaghtcu to be no longer able to protect themselves. " Wellington." 1843.1 • AOITAION AOALVSr TIIIO CORJf LAWS. 217 llington; CHAPTER XVII. TiioDukcresumesUiocommamlonho.Army-ScssloMnnsnnn. la.- ^ , quest of Sciiule niul ,l,e rocill of I „r,l n, . ! I«J^-OplnIon, on tl,o con- UT few perioJs of tlio eventful life of the Duke of AVollinglon were less distinguislied by ac- tivity tlian tlio two or three years which followed imniudi- ately upon tlio resuniptioa of office by Sir Robert Peel. A violunt agitation had com- menced in Jlanchestcr against tlie Corn Laws. A,ssociations were f .rmcd all over tlio eoun- ,^ ^^y^ '"'J especially in London iw("^>->C!i ""'^ *''° ""^""facturing dis- ^ ^ tricts, for tlie express pur- enmity to "Protection •"«.,,? fi.„ •! .• "'o'»»«'"'on ot an active chanctcr t!nn Tnv T' H \ ° °" "''"'""'' " '"°^^ formidable directed 1 V "trn fl" Association had done, because it was di iilo, • ''''"'S-'"""^'''^ ""'" of business habits, wlio found titation Zncef ''"""' °^ ''^^ ^''^''•' ''^ *''° ^orn Law upic of the Lo,.,5ue,and m speeches from the platform of every ^l:s;''::n :; f" ''"'''^' Kingdo„,iero ,. ..^ P irrcfiag,..ble. and had begun to operate upon the mind of Sir » , 218 LIKl': 01' 'rilK DUKK OF W Kr.LIXGTOX. [ISIO KiiTievt PcpI. IniprcssoJ with a belief, oflon expressed, of (lio iiii[iortatieo of iii:iiiit;\ini!i!i: tlic lauH intact, llio Diiko liekl aloof from tlic di.sciission of tlic sulijoet wit ■ liis eolloagues. and liciicu we ran ly find him taking a proiiiliieiit part in public aflairs durini^ the y-.a- l^fi. In fact, excepting when he supported the Tnconio Tax estab- lished by Sir Robert Peel, Lis Grace did not speak in the House of Lords more than two or three times during the session. There wa.s anotiior motive for this abstinence from any very active participation in the affairs of the country. The Duke, owing tn the illne.'^s of Lord Hill, had resumed the office of Commander-in-Chief of tiie army. Lord Hill died in November, IS'1'2. From what iiaa boon said' of the attachment with which ho inspired the men and oflie(r.s of the Britib army, it may readily bo eoncived that Lord Hill':- death was productive of ■ .jignant regret. lie had carried into tlio chief command all the estimable qualities vhich endeared him to hU subordinates and comrades in the field ; a \d was as watchful of the honour and interests of the army during peace, as he had been solicitous of .cs glory and renown in the excitement and dangers of war. The mann' - in which tho Duke of Wellington exercised the prnuj command whi^.i now again devolved upon him, and whicii lie held uninterruptedly to the last hour of his life, is treated of in a later chapter. There is no doubt that liis official ciii]iU]v- menl influenced his tcno, and gave additional prominence to iiis position in the House of Lords in 1843 ; for wo find him frcnuciitlv addressing tho House in tho trenchant style of the military absolutist. "The Government of Lord Melbourne," said ho, " carried on war all over the world with a peace establishment. That is exactly what we (Sir Kobert Peel's Governmeiit) do not." Eegarding the China war, his Grace reminded tho House that Iiu was the only person among tho Peers who bad defended the local officers. " I said that the war was a just and necessary war. I will go further, and say if it had been otherwise — if it had been a war sok'ly on account of tho robbery of the opium — if her Majesty's servants were engaged in that war, and if their interests and honour were uivolved in it, I should luive considered it my duty to make every effort for carrying it on with success." In a passing allusion to tho Indian army, a part of which had been 1 See Voltttno I. pages 130 nnU 338. 18^^'^ 'I'ilH CONQUEST OF SOIXDE. 2IO absent in A^linnL-^ian. upon a lY.h.ll.ni;. Clll|illiltlc:!lly .s;iij — ' o ' '^"'' ■L'UlvO 'All do their duty — ail aro Tuimnf^.i 1 ii ^ soldiers." ^ ^"'"""^'^ ^y *''<^ *'•"« feelingH of And in reference to cert;un I'lrn-n n.wi * 1, ;„ T I J 1 J .. Z-^"^''"' J'Tgc and tumultuous asscnillao'eq in Ireland, "i 'id tor tie iinrDrwr. nf „ • ^i-uhji.i^ls Union, t,.e B.e-..o tv4Z^ :o^-::-,r^^^^ jnenung^ and the. objee.-announcod, with pleasurable con^r^ '-Everything that could bo done had been done iu order to en.ble the aovernr,ent .. preserve the peace of the country, and on .fortunes ..d consequences whi^h might result fj^m the .i a ;:[;|Sr" ^''"-"'--ho unfortunately guide the multit^dl We pas« to the y»ar 1844. Affairs in India occupied more than orcumry attention m the House of Lords during this year 'Z Ameers of fcJeinde having, according to the opinion of Lord' Ellen borough Governor.General iu 184^), betrayed the interests of the Anglo-Indian Government during the expedition to Atf.dianisfu, Major-Genera Sir Charles Napier was directed to demancT ^u:!; ' tion, and fulmg to obtain it, he attacked the Ameers, who hud assembled a large army at Meanee, on the heights of Dubba and a Hyderabad, defeating them in every case, and bringin- the whulo prn,c.pa ity of Scinde under British domination. This proceeding was held by the friends of the Ameers, and others who examined thf political merits of the matter with an impartial eye, to have been at east premature, if not altogether unjustifiable; and papers were cahed for in Parliament to enable the Legislature to judge of tl^e question. In the meanwhile the Court of Directors of the East India Company, incensed at the conduct of Lord Ellenborough-who h.d moreover throughout his tenure of the government of Lidia, treated he Directors, his '-honourable masters," in a ku.t en 6as f shion- nt tiust on Sir Henry Hardinge. The whole subject comin. b foro arhament, the Duke of Wellington bore a high tribute" nil tary proceedings of Sir Charles Napier. "I must say, my Lords " xc aimed ,s Grace, '4hat after giving the fullest cons'idition to he e openit.ons in Seinde) I have never kno.vn an instance of au qu lifi ations to enable him to conduct great operations. He has n ui umed the utmr.t discretion and prudence iu the formation of ■■■^^ plans, the utmost activity in all the preparations to ensure his 1 I- m 220 LIFE OF THE DUKE OP WELLINQTON. [IS-lt, succrss, and, finally, the utmost zeal, gallantry, and science, in carrying them into oxoeution." The recall of Lord Ellonborongh, for whom the Biilcu had long en- tertained a personal friendship, and who had been a nieniber of the Government under the Duke's and Sir Robert Peel'a administration, was regarded by the Duke as an act of ■■in/iixcrciiott" on the part of the East India Company." His grace did not doubt their power, but lio questioned the prudence of their acting in so serious a matter without consulting the Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India. Ho contended that the Directors could not have been awaro of the secret instruction sent out to Lord Kllcuborough, and, for all they knew, they might bo imposing upon him a severe penalty for simply tai ying out instructions. The Duke's friendship had more influence than bis judgment in the examination ho bestowed upon the subject of the recall, and it is now matter of notoriety that his Grace lived to consider Lord Ellcnborougli (who was elovated to an Earldom, by way of a salvo, ou his return to England), a most indiscreet and iutoinperato ruloi-. He, who in Lis Parliamentary speeches the Duke was aceustonicJ to allude to as his '• noble friend," degenerated into " the noble lord behind" him; and it is certain that the Conservatives, who held power until 184G, and afterwards resumed tlio reins of offiec in I8.rj, evinced no desire to accept Lord Ellenborough, onco the strongest uf their party, as a colleague. On the evening of tho 14th of February (184'1), the Duke had another of those attn ks to which reference has been already made. lleturning to Apsley llouse from his aftertioon ride, he was observed to fall down upon the neck of his horse, just as he had rcaciieJ liis own door. Two gentlemen passing ran to his assistance, and lie was convoyed in their arms into Apsley House, in a state of totui unconsciousness. On the 18th of June, 1844, the equestrian statue of his Gracetlio Duke of Wellington, for which the sum of 1)000/. luul been subscribed by the citizens of London (tho metal, valued at 1500/., having been given by the Chancellor of tho Exeheciuer),' was inauguratuJ. Its execution had been entrusted to Sir Francis Cliantrey (the most distinguished British sculptor of the age) in the year 1839, and was to have been completed and fixed by 1843. Chantrcy dying after the model bad been prepared, tho work was completed by his assistant, Mr. Weeks, under the direction of the executors. Tho inauguration took place upon the occasion of tho King of Saxony's visit to tlio 1 The meta! was composed of gtms taken from the Trench in the Unko's campalsaa. 1844.] Uii.] THE 8TATUK in THE CITY. 221 City. TI.0 statue was pined in front of the Royal Exclmngo, facing to we,. , I I.ad been Sir Franci.s CU.ntroy's wi«I. that tL statu! should face the south, ,n order that it might have had the advantage the sun ; and to attain this object the n.ore con.pletely, the uppt-r story of the Mans.on-houso had been removed. The eon.n.iUeo hmvovor, can,o to the resolution that as the front of the Royal Exchange faced the west, it would he preposterous to turn the face of the statue away from that direction, and they accordin^-ly can>e to the unanimous conclusion that the Duke shouM front'cheapside The statue is hand.some, and may, perhaps be considered the very best of the equestrians that adoins the Rritish metropolis Tho horse 18 correctly, gracefully, and at tho same time boldly formed • tho attitude of rest in which it stands being well qualified by the appear- ance of life and animal energy in the swollen veins, the distended nostrils, and the flowing mane of tho horse.' The portrait of tho Duke is admirable, while his po.sitioi, on the horse is as easy and unembarrassed as tlie absence of stirrups renders po.ssiblo. The least satisfactory part of the work is the ind.linite character of the costume which IS neither quite anti(,ue nor quite modern. At the inaugura- tion some thousands of persons assembled ; and Mr. R. L. Jones 1 As .0 U,c quiccent nl.itude of Ihe l.orse i„ tl,l^ „„.! two oll,er c,iuo.!H,m »lulne, by tl,o same sc'ulplor, 9o,„c rovolatlon, occur in .Iomc's "Kecllections of Chuntrej," whicl. are worlh qiioiinif. The passage runs as follows:— " \Vl,ei. (.■cor^'c IV. was ,itli„a lo Chanlroy, l,o rciuircl Ihe soalplor I,, give l.lm an idea of an equoslnua slaine lo co,„n,emoraie him, which Clmnlroy aceu.nplishea at a succeeding inior- view by placing- in Ihe Sovorei^-n'.. band a number of small equev.rian fl.ure.s drawn carefully oa liuck pa,«r, and reseniblin,-, in number and malcrial, a pack of cards. The-e sketches pleased Ihe Kins very much, who turned them over and over, expressing' bis surprise that such a variety couhl be produced; and, after u Ihousaud lluctuatioas of opinioa-someil nes for a pranciuB slecnl, sotnelimes a Irotler, then for a nei,'hin^- or slarlbm- cbarger-h , Majesty at length rc^.lved on a horse slandintt still, as the tnost diijnilled for a kin?. Clmnlrev probably led lo th.N as he was decidedly in Cvour of the four le^'s IM,>^ on tho grom.d. He bad a quiet and convincing manner of satisfying persons of ibe propriety of that, which, from reneclion bo judged to be preferable. Cbanlrey's friend. Lord Egremont, was of Ihe same opinion; lor, in writing to the sculptor, he said, 'I am ^ad your horse Is not walking off his pedestal, which looks more like a donkey than a sensible horse.' Chantrey wished in ibis Inslance for a quiet or standing horse; but he de:ermined, if he ever em-uled another porlr.iit, to represent the horse In the act of pawing, not from Ibe conviction of its being a belter atlilude, but for the s..ke of variety, and to convince the public that ho could do oi.o as well as the olher- for whenever his works were censured. It always was for heaviness or want of action, wbicb is ralher surprising considering the eiiergelic and speaking statue of Crallan." ".Manproposcs-bul-"_wo all know the rest. The next e.iuesirian statue which Chimlrey undertook was Ihat for tho City of I.,m.lon, now in q.ieslion, a.id he still stuck to the qniet horse. Mr. Jones, in his little brad,,,,: already referred lo, slnte^ on llio authority of Mr. Cnnningham, that tbo Duke once went lo see lliis equc.irian statue (previous to Its being sent "ut 10 I>,dia),when he remarked :-" .Vvery flno borso;"aaera pause, "a very flue statue- and iigaWs ufler another j.nuso, " and a very oxlraordinary man 1" iji^i 222 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLFNO TOX. (IM4 oJJresgud tlm spcotatDrs. IIo JiJ not dcsount ii|v)ii a tliome bo filiiiiliiir to tlie publio as tl.o tniMi'''i'riileiit merits of tlie Duke. — Lo riit'icr ivfcrrt'd to flie cliiiiiis liis Graco liuil estiiblislicil upon tlio giulitude iif ilio irltizeiis of Loiuhiii hy promoting tliB improveinetits and embollMimonts wliicli the visiturs to mir great city look nt with wonder; uikI it whs iliis feulin<» of timukfulneNS to wiiieh they were determiiiel to gno cff^iet in a way whicii posterity would bo well ii))lo J- ..„p,.i,gj.({(, ,„|j would It'iive no exiunple worthy of imitation. Mr. Jones udded a faet not generally kuo»/u : that it was the fir.it equestrian bronze stntuo which evr bad been raised during the life of the person roprrsented. The slaJiio is M feet in ^ ^-f^it from the foot of the Iiorso to the top of the head of the Duke ; and i. rests upon a granite pedestal also 14 feet high. RATUC nf FBONT OF THE aOTAl EZCBANOa. Singnlarly enough, in the same year an equestrian statue of the Duke was erected in Glasgow. It originated •' in a resolution po?sed at an influential public meeting, in the .spring of 1840; and within a few luonths the subscriptions aniiunted to nearly 10 000/. A depu- tation of the subscribers then waited upon the Duke of WeIlini:ton, at Apsley House, and communicated their intention to his Grace." In thi.^ case the artist employed was not an Englishman ; and, pond- ing the deliberations upon the subject, Chantrey appears to Lavo become early aware of that fact, and writes, under date May 19, 1840, to Miss Moore—" Tell papa that tho Duke Las discovered that in if;-it.] THE STATUE LV GLASGOW. 223 No matter ! '- "''^ ""' ^' "^'° '° "^"^t i*. what tl.cu? yO.h of N..vc..nb.r, 1841 ,I,o ««ti . . -7. "^ '"• <-'" "'« Oi>c. in Franco, as tho nr.it to ,1, l^^'-rtmcnt of Huine-oU A.-ave and Waterloo Tin '^^'-'"*': ''T>-o«cnting tl,o battlrn of Cuni.nandor of ti.o Forces, &c. ' ^"^ ^""S'"", In .his statue also, tho'horso is quiescent, tho moment boin. that ^hen, as ,f hav.ng just eon.o to a state of repose, he seems a f listeumg to some distant sound. " THE STATUE AT GI.ASG0\7. The head is tha„ of an Arab, with the broad forehead and Avid« : !• :,"' "•^'"'"'° "'"' '''' ^-^ ^ >'"'« - advance in 1 , posture the rems lying slack. The position of .be Duke s th t of I Gueral renewing bis troop.s. The likeness is taken .ho t r^ul: south an5\' "',"' '" ''^'-'""^ "■^^^^- T'- >>— liofs on the south and north sides of the pedestal represent the first ami H 224 LIFE OP THE DUKE OP WKLLIXOTOK. [1849. victories of tlio Puko, namely, tlmt of Assayo, fouglit on tbo 23rd of September, 180H, and Waterloo, 18tli of Jmio, 1815. Two Hiiinll ba«-reliefs on tlio east and west ends of tlio pcdenfal reprcHcnt tlio s(d(lit?r'H return, and the Holdier at flic plougli after all liis labours, and after liaviiig saved his country from the inioiid of llio foo. On tlio 20th of January, 18(.">. the Diiko of Wellington had nn opportunity of displaying his ' I'ltiful iiospitiillty " to bis Soverei;;n and her amiable consort at his modest nbodo at Strathfieldnayo, in Ilainpshiro. Her Mnjcaty and tho Prince remained the usual time prescribed by cti(|uetto for royal visits to illustrious subjects. Three days were thus consumed — tho flrnt in arrival — tho second in repose — tho third in departure. Tho reception of tho Queen throughout tlic county wps joyous in tho extreme, and tho Duke ('.\erci.> office ' 'i-i-um 31. 31D ^ The Duke cannot recommend him to the office for ho knows nothing of him or his family. The Duke's leisure ou^ht not to be wasted by having to peruse such applications." All these are in sufficiently bad taste, and from the fremiency of ^,e.r appearance they conveyed an id<,a to the public mind that the Duke was hab.tually6.v«y«. -and perhaps the conclusion had some ju,.t,hcat.on n. fact. The only excuse that can be offered for the dLscourtcsy ol the notes lies in the necessity his Grace was under of repdhng intrusion and of checking the practice of making public his co,nu.unica.,ons. If, thought he, people merely want an autograph, they s all have one which it will give them very little pleasure to exlub.t. It would perhaps have been better had he left unanswered all that could not be acknowledged civilly at least Keturning to the course of our biography, we find tliat. in the year 184.. a circumstance occurred of material interest in connection with the Duke, because, while it .showed on hon- slight a contin^cncv tlu- life ot tlie greatest man of the ago depended, it established^ his '..ense of duty to the public, and his care for the .elfarc of individuals. We (luote iiom a newspaper of tiiu day :— \'i %i ;;i. ACCIDKNT TO Tlli: DUKi^ OF W KLLIX cri'ox. "The Duke of Wellington uttended on Saturday (Ith ilav IS45^ at .. ..larlborough Street Police Court, for the pur ose of 'ulVen-iri charge 01 uriou.s driving, whereby his life was endangered, against 1-.-V Uoods, driver of one of .1,., earric,.' car,s. ^iV. p.^vont •..conv..,„cnce to his Grace from the crowd whiWi ins apj, aranco wouh atnact^to tl„-s court,, the summons was so arranged as^ to take p.eccdewce ot the u.ght charges. At half-past .deven r,'..WV hi^ 228 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINOtOX. [1848. Grace, accoinpuiiied by Lord Charles Fitzroy Somerset and Mr. Muyne, entered tlie court, llis Grace liaving been »\vorn, said — I was walking, on Tuesday last, between two and three o'clock, in Park Lane, on the left hand side, going out of Piccadilly, and when near the Duchess of Gloucc,--tcr's house, a very heavy four-wheeled cart passed me. I endeavoured to cross the lane, to get to the pavement on the other side, under the protection of this heavy cart; I got as far as the right-hand wheel of the cart, keeping the cart at my left hand, when I found myself struck on the shoulder, and knocked forward. It was a severe blow, and I found it had been given by another cart, the driver of which did not attempt to give me warning by calling out, until he had struck me. I did not full; if I had, I must have been under the wheels of both carts. Now, I have no further complaint to make against the num at the bar who drove the curt, than that he was going at such a monstrous pace that he had no control over iiis horse ; indeed, ho came ahuig so fast, that lie got the whole length of Park Lane without; my having perceived iiiui ; and the pace he was g'ling at was such, that it was impossible he could Stop his horse. This is my caiiii)laint ; and I brii:g it forward ou public grounds, because I think it is not right that carriages should go along in the public streets at this great rate. The cart by whicii I was struck was a heavy, tilted cart ; the driver was under the tilt. My groom W!is behind wiili my liorses, and 1 called him and desired him to follnw the cart. My groom trotted as hard as ho could, but was unable to overtake tin? cart until he got as fur as South Strand. This will prove the rapid pace •) wliich the driver of the cart was going. " The defendant said he was truly sorry at what had occurred, but he declared tiie wiiole circuuistanco was accidental. He saw a gentle- man abiuit to cross the mad, and he called out to warn iiini; but lie was not aware that he had touched any one. He was not going at very great speed, for his horse was an old one, and could not accoui- plisii more than seven miles an Imur ; and at the time wiien he passed his Gi-ace, he was gning up hill. His atteiitiiiii was directed to the Veliicles in the carria^eroad, and this ])revenled his noticing what was doing on the foot path. '•3Ir. llardwick : Had you kept your eyes directed as you ought. Dot only to avoid carriages but foot iiassengers, the circuuistaiiee would not have occurred. Tlie reasun you have given for not seeing his Grace is no excuse for your conduct. "The Duke of Wellington: There was plenty of room to have passed, without running against mo. IMS.] ACCIDENT TO THE DFKR "Mr. Hall, No. 12, Park L 229 to cross the lano at tlio time that lano, said ho saw his Grace attempt the rate of sei'cn or eight mil Thinking, from the way tl be knocked down. I ing a carrier's cart, which was going at ho Gr the be ran to the door cs an hour, was coming down the Inn nian was driving, that his G race would ulde Ila and saw the cart strike 1 ma ,race „..„.. »,.uu.uer. Uaa ins Uraco been turned rounU .sharply t e cart n.ust have been over his feet. The pace the n.an was drivi J at was no more than seven miles an hour. He was driving 1' f- gently rather than furiously. ^ ^ ^ _ .' Mn Hardwick : Had ho kept a proper lookout, he must Lave seen "Witness: Certainly. He was going up hill, and could have stopped tl.. horse easier than if he was going down hill '•Mr. Hardwick: Did you hear that man call out? "Witness: No, I did not. " lu defence, the man repeated that he was exceedingly sorry for what had occurred. " "^ -^ "Mr. Hardwick: It appears from the evidence that you were dnv.ng,, „ot at a furious, still at a rapid rate; but as you were d.u„ g along the pubhc street, and if you had proper command over your horse, th.s accident could not have occurred. A witness has described your careless mode of driving at the tin.e, by .sayi.,. you were neuhcr looking to the -ight hand nor to the left ; and the^-hole evidence goes to prove that your mode of driving was reckless and areles,s, exiub.tmg a perfect indifference to the life and limbs of f-ot-passengers. _ Tins case I shall deal with as a case of assault. You have committed several serious offences: first, furious driving- next, endangermg life and limb; and lastly, con.mitting an assauk! for running aga.ust the person and striking that person with the cart, IS as nu.eh an assault as if the blow were given by hand. For l.e assault, which is clearly proved, you will paya fine of U, or one luonHi's imprisonment. " The defendant was then locked up." I if i 230 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. flSlA CHAPTER XVIII. BIr Robert PitI anil the Corii-Lnws— Tlic DnkeS resistance— Rcalgnallon of the Peel Slinislry— And llieir resumption of office on the fiiiluro of Lord John Russell to lorm r Govcrnmont— The Duke gives way— The Uorii Laws repealed— Erecliou of the statue on the Triumphal Arch at Iljdo Park Corner— Resignation of Sir Robert Peel— Lord John Russell forms a Government— Thu Duke c. our National Defences. IGIITEEN huni?,red and forty-six U a nic- ninrablo year in the annals of the British Parliament, as the epoch of the greatest change ever eifected in the connnercial policy of the country. Succumbing to the pressure of events, tlic Minister surren- dered tlie Corn Laws. Sir Robert Peel, who had yielded to the persuasions of the Duke in regard to the Catholic Bill, and stubbornly resisted them upon the question of Parliamentary lie- form, was now, in his turn, to find tlio Dtilcc indi.sposcd to act with him upon so grave a case as the abolition of the pro- tective duties upon corn, whicii Sir Robert had himself, throughout his political career, energetically up.ield. Yot, if reason were allowed its duo iiiHuenco, there were few occasior.s ',n which a Minister might have found himself so entirely 'ustiSod in departing from his loni^- settled convictions. A blight liad seiz'id upoti the potato in Ireland —the crop had altogether failed— and a famine threatened, and actually did visit, that devoted country. Foreseeing the ctihiniity. Sir Robert Peel summoned a Cabinet Council, and proposed at once to open the ports — in other words, to afford facilities for the importa- tion of foreign brcad-,stuffs. Tiio Duke of Wellington and Lord Stanley (now the Earl of Derby) opposed the proposition. Thcj 1816.] THE CORN-LAW DISPUTES. d';iiicMl tliat tlio food siipplirs of Groat Biiti S.'Jl lllfllt, llio w.-iuts ( Sl'SlH'll.SKI if r rt^l.iiii II of the Con. Laws si tntiil extinction. Sir Robert P ami tliey (Jrea(l,..d lest 11 wore I'nsuffieicnt to imild a teiii| "Mary n-piots (if defieieii Sir Riiherf tlien tooli ey and fippreliemled prove the precursor of their ■eel's ar^niiiieiits and the fri.rhtfnl shirv.iti k a more decided t. oil were ilisrcu'ari Jed. 'lie : announei (( c..l!e.gues the nn.ression whieh had been produced o„ his n.ind bv he wntn,gs and harangues of ,he leaders of the Ynti T tv League; .d proposed the total repeal of the Co u L v i I Conuno.. he was sure of a great n.:,: ri,y_.,rh the cou ^:v i . cenan, o sy.npa y and popularity, -in the lords he knew th t c depended upon t e view the Duke of Wellington n.i,n,t t. ■ it earnestly appealed to the veteran Commu.der Th, n , ! ... and Sir Robert Peel resigned in ^:X ^^^ ^:^: Z:^:^ the country. b '" ^"sucss oi The Queen sent for Lord John Russell to form a Ministry Hi, Lord.slnp readtly accepted the trust ; for ho at once pereei.'d 1 ow argean accession to the popularity of the Whig party would eu ion. the tnaugurat.on of ti,e Ministry with a bi?l for establishi ^ ree trade n. corn. Personal clifferences an.ong the Whigs/ over tore the prize and the honour from his grnsn Eirl <\Z ';,'"' tlie office of Colonial Minister was offered efus^o^it; H " Cahinet with Lo.^ Pa.nerston, to whom the ^"^^ J^^. ™ 11 L,iil Grey, by connexion and influence in the House of Loids-the influence whieh eio,,uence and n.ental power ap.r from temper and di-'nitv of eli'ii-ir-t-,. „ • ,. ' ^ ™ Johli Russell i^AlpXS;,,^^:^ '"^'^'^"-^'^ ^'' W tl.e only fitting i-tru.uent J S-' ^^l^THirr'^'r' M "'"" -ong the Whig lexers of the n^I^c:!^: "^ i':! Foreign Minister on former occasions had alwivs bn,. , 1 , i bis duty, as well as his ard,:.. desire ^ 2 ,^ r''"^ '7 ""' respected throughout the world; and^'aH l^lt" ,'" a ^f tlt'Z ^■\nl, he was at the head of affairs m that den.rt .v ' , '* i"Milt Great Rritain with impunity ^^^" ''"-'^' "'^J could not Ea!;"rref ''"', v'"""' ^f'' '" ^'^'^"'^"^ ^'^ J'«-erenees between --;.;.|o.ofcar,^ Ilil'rS :::!'' J^^.Q"^- ?-."-^ ""^'- -f ..oainng sir aud the impossibility whieh ?ir Robert announced of ma *tA,»i i'^ 232 LIFE 01-' Till, UUKE OV WELLTNGTON. [1810. carrying on tlio (iovorniiient uiiloss lie fould go before Parliament with"i\ proposal to ,il;..li,^li tin; Cumi Liiws. imposoJ upon the Duke of ■\Velliu;.i,)n the u!i';-t itivo of sacrlficliif- his priuoiples to his loyalty, 1816.] LOUD l>AI-Mj;nsl'O.V. or his loyalty to his pvii)ci;)los. at tlic proposition. Awny went to stand hy his fiiend ! " Parlianu'iit n>ut early in 1?1G: her 3Iajesty's permission, cxplni nation in the first instat > -, iii"' " AVhatevcr that nicasiir' .: my Lords, in this conntr '•.'.<\\ Sovereign aiul t!io jieojilc . ' Sovereign to aid her to fi ,i order to enable her 31 ijc^^ly t' The eliivalry of the Duke took fire the priueiples— his Grace '-resolved .', the Duke of Wellington, with •loit .he eireunistanees of the rcsig- liiC subsequent acceptance of office; . ,•, I say that, situated as I am, ly rewardt'd as I have been by tlie >"rhind — I could not refuse tli;it ■viu-iiincnt when called upon, in M, her riU'liiiment, and cany on 181G.J CORX-LAW Di:nATE IN THE LORDS. 233 tI,o businoss of t!,c country. / po.iliirhj could not refuse to serve the Sori'irisii vnoi tinix callid iij)')ii.'" Sir Robert Peol lost no tin.o i„ brinjrin.-r i„ tins bill. It pa.^sod tl,o Cunnnons tnumpimntly. Tho .cone whiel, onsuod upon the second reading ,,s gr„r, Heally described by a Parliamentary reporter present on tlie memorable oceasion : "The debate began on Monday, the 2.-;th May, wbile tlic Park gnn.s were still firmg to announce the birth of th"e Princess Helena Ihc debate wa.s resumed on tho following day; and on Thursday night or rather on Friday morning, their Lord«hip.s affinned the second readn.g by a majority of forty-seven. The Duke reserved imse f for the eh,so of the debate. We well ren.en.ber tho scene. 1 he Juke took hi.s seat at five o'clock on Thursday evening, and sat as if chained to tho Treasury Bench until nearly four o-clo..k tho next morning. Tho galleries were filled with ladies, many of whom s;.t through the night, and remained until the division, Anion.. tho«e who gave this proof of the interest with which this great his"oricil scene had inspired them, were the Duchess of Buccleueh, tho CMintcss of Wilton, the Countess of Ess,..v-, and Viseonntess Sidney A brilliant circle of diplomatists and distinguished foreigners stood at the foot of the throne. Tho old Di.ke of Cambridge, who had doehired that ho would not support the bill, and that ho should not vote at all, was going from one cross-bench to tho other attnictinn- attention by his audible remarks and by his rather violent honhomnii^ ihe debate flagged: there remained no one but the Duke to speak whom the assemblage cared to hear. All eyes were turned to this wonderful old man, who seemed to despise fatigue and to bo supe- rior to the ordinary wants of humanity. He sat. rigid and immovable, with his hat over his eyes, paying the most strict and conscientious attention to everything that was said. About half-past three in the morning he aro.so. A strange emotion rendered his utterance thick and mdistmct, and even seemed to give incoherence to his remark" There were, indeed, passages which made his friends e.xehancre glances, in which thoy seemed to ask each other whether it was l..t,g,io, or tho growing infirmities of age, or the excitement of that tneiiiorablo night, that had thrown the Duke's mind off its balance loriiaps these were tho passages in the speech (for there were many) which did not reach the reporters' gallery; for the reported speech although It bears traces of deep feeling, and is not without a noblo pathos, contains nothing to explain the mi.sgivings and apprehensions or his audience. '■ \U began by expressing the regret with which he found himself i ! 234 LII'H OK Till'; DUKE OF WiaLlXGTOX. [1810. in a linslilo iiosition to tlioso with wlioin lio ImJ boon constantly in tlie Imbif (if ju'tiiig in political life. ' I uni aware,' iio said, • I iKltlicss your Lonlsliip.s witii all your jtrejmlioe.s aj^aiiist inc,' a painful tiling for a man to say who had been so loved. so looked up to, .so honoured, and so tru.sted. Shaken by emotion, and almost inaudible from his Qflifntion, tluj Dul • I' ' ui in ft^vou? of tlio Lond rea . . T r,; T^^ ';?"7::-- 1 1 . ° ''•■*"' t'icir Lords II Ds' IFoiKsn wore surrounded by meinber.s of ,l,e II,,,o of Commons. 1 .o waiting to bear the result, Tlie wi-iter was one of the fi. t to c" when the doors were re-opened, and to boar the result of the div i „ How quickly the news was earried to nil parts of the eou t^.y .y express engines, and what universal joy it gave in our g.eat t'v,^^ ancl in^thc hives of «iauuf^.turing industry, this is not^he pla^S "The House divided at l.alf-pa.t foui-. The Duke was one of tho last to leave It was broad daylight when, on this ,nemo..able M J morning, the Duke left the House where, amid much mortilieai f and the severauee of so many politieal and pergonal ties of assoelation! he had so nobly served his country. A small ero,fd had eolloeted ia Palace-yurd, ear y as was tho hour, and as soon as the Duke made his appearanee they began to ciieer. ■ God bless you, Duke,' loujly and ferveiitly exelaimed one meehanic ; wlio, early as it was Z going to his n.orn.ng toil. Tlie Duke's horse began to prai.ee at i o c eers of the erowd, and the Duke promptly caused s lenee y et claiming, 'For Heaven's sake, people, let me get on my horse " It was now five o'eloek, and ti.. Duke rode off to St. James's Park Vs he passed through the Horse Guards, and received the salute of the sentine on duty, wa.s it then given him to know that he had just ceure the aeeom- hnient of a legi,slative ehange, which was destiLd to work a strikm. aiprovement in the position and means of ho private soldier, and that, ere long, tho military, in the words of ii u.:oln;r. l^l.'), tlio colos.-al cquestvmn ))ronze statue of tho Duke, wl.ifl. liad been sul.Hcribca fur by tl.e iiiUion as a mciiK.iial of bis military gicatiu->s was erected over tbo triuuiplial arcli at Ilydo Purl; corner. A great ditForcnco of opinion exi.su'd us to tho merit of tho design and tho suitableness of tho site, but tlio prosent locality was at length doterniined on. partly bocanso tlie statue was rendered a prominent object for a n.ilo or two arounil, and partly on account of its vicinity to th- Duko's own residence, Tlie inauguration of tbo statue was not accompanied by any ceremo- i:ial. but the work and its site were for sonu- time a standing jo;,t with the satirists of tho day, with what good reason it were ditficult to tay. Of the magnitude of tho memorial and tlie labour attendant upon !'s coi.vlruction by Mr. Wyatt, tho sculptor, an idea may Le gathered from tho following detail:—'!'... eost of tho statur wus upwards of 30,000/ The quant ity of plaster used for this purpose amounted in we: i to IGO tons; nor need this excite surprise, when wo consider that tho statuo i.s nearly thirty feet high, and moro tlian tweut^-fiv. feet long, indeed tho large t in Europe, and only comparable wii;. the gigantic pr.iductions of the ancient Egypt' n and llhidoo cliisck The total quantity of 'he metul used in tho construction has been /ixty-fivo to \ tho statuo itself weighing thirty-live tons. It was 1 t, prodm as a who!'', but in six separate castings, which were afterwards ri vetted together. The body of the hoiso was cast in tno pieces, and the carcase thus formed easily contahied eight por-ons. a scries of friends to this an,ount having dined with the artist in lliL^ t;ingu]ar din i;i -■•room ; fomlocu ladies, on one occasion, liaviiiL' taken rcfrcshn.ont tng> thcr in the son ! placj. TliO head of tho Duke was cast froni o. English nine-poundiu- brass gun that was taken in tlie bat'l-of A\ iterloo; and there arc i'. other parts of the statue five to. -w 1 from other gun Freneli as wellis English. After them lin is completed, anoi tho moulds prepared, considerable anxiety .md all. ition was still imi-osed upon tho ingenious scnlptiir. Tho metal was fused in a furn ■ specially constructed, and the beat imparted was so great that tho br "k-work vitrified and ran iii masses. This inconvenience, however, was in a great measure obviated by substituting brick of fire-proof manufacture, but evca tlie.'^e became soft and ductile. The moulds also wore obliged to 1 cure- fully dried, and the pdace of casting rammed down as hard ns po.s.sible, for tho heated metal coming in contact with tiny moistnn.. or inter- 1846.1 EQUESTIIIAX sTATn; IN JlVDi; PAiiK. 037 rnptcl ly rarificd air wo,.l,l I,.vo ^.st.,yA tW I.,,.,,... of .norths Duke of A\el ..,.0. . f,.v iw 1.,...,. ..(•.,,„.„,„„„„,- ,,,,,,,,, ,; an carhcr r..rt of t ,s v.,1,,,.,.., it n i,,-...-.,,,, l,in, in his you,,, dap. and the n m,.,lo ,,s l-HVclv ol:„nK.,o,.i.s,;,. .,f „,„ „,„„/ jf ^^ ; anajed .„ a „„l.tary .su.-.out, over wliid, i.s tI,ro,v„ i.i. cloak \ STAllE AT HVDE TAHK ConNEIl. sword 18 buckled around Lis waist, and whilst ' holds iho horse's reins in one hand, ho extends his right, !•; which is a tel. , ,opc as if directing some military movement. Every rare was taken to preserve correctness of detail iu the appointments of the horse and its distm- guished rider. Sir Kobcrt Peel's government did not long survive the extinction of the Corn Laws and h.s other admirallo measures of commercial- policy. The state of affairs in Ireland having rendered it necessary for the Conservative Ministry to brir in a bill for the protection of lite, the Irish intnpreted it into an excuse for interfering with the free exercise of opinion The Whigs adopted the same view, and opposed_ the bill p, rtinaciously. Sir Eobert Peel, nevertheless, ear- ned It into th. House of Lords, where, however, it was defeated by a co„s,derab e ,najority. Sir Ilobert tlu:n finally resigned, and Lord John Russell was appointed Premier. 11 (M' Tin; DUKE OF WHLU.VflTOX. [nn J)nrin_;( tlio ciisiiiiij; yciir, noiliimt frnnspirpfl to hrinj^ t!iti l)iili nlly fDiiml tiilclivs,-iiiii]t tlio [Ii'iiso (if \,n\\]^ 1)11 pii«siif „ , . . r ho,. ,l.ut .ho Al.ni,ht, „...; ,,..ot . f It r"f "• '""""' the tragedy wLioh I c*unot p.r^und" n . '' ''".""""" '^^ hadt:;;';::';:;"?;:: ::s;^::[ nr^^'^^ "t -^^ "'-'->- t. produce H powcrfui eCt i t ' l;;' i' '"' ^:'"'' ""^ ''' Duke were caught up and echoed throu t th^ 7 ":'■" "' "'" of the land, a«d the Miuintcr, violdi r;: . r'°"','""' '^'■"'*'^"' be..re Pariian.ont with a ^.^d:^^:'^^:::^: ^^ ^ ""° to place the national defences upon a firn, ar d c ^ ' I "•"°' "''^' principle was general!, adn.itteS eL:Z;t'^X'LT- ,^'° Free-trade members, who, having exhau.if) fl "' ''•';L''j'->-aIs, or acquired b, procuring th'e .Ic^tLuo^ b cI?l 7' '^'' ""' seeking a new source of public adn.iration i. .1 ^. "". ^"^'^' "''"•« -O'' expenditure. la their eyes En .r""- """'"f'^' '" ^'»'<='^ ^4%«^«.. Null: id^ : b:::i::t;^""^ t''-' '^ agency of Free-trade, and there c u dnot t,/ '"'.^ '7''*=''' "'° occasion to spend the public Znoyt lH^ "'"■"'■-eJ, be any But these feeble arguments w fe by X 2 "'"""' " '''"'"'■ founded on a knowledge of naaakind m In H ^^"" '""^^'''^S envy, covetousness, refenge and so f .rth an ?''r°'? '^ J'^'"'''"^^' men will make war' upon ea;h oil. r a d t t re; I """ '""*' to m.-„tain such an altitude of cai;; nd „ ff nS" d Z "'"' deter their neighbours from wanton a.^reron The » . "'"^ had held, in all times, that the way to nCe " n / J"""'" t^e power ofdoing either political good ojpolidcll'evil "' fl i ^ ^n •• H J,. l-ffl »; il 1 MM ! 240 LIFE or THK DUK?. OV WELLIK-QTON. [IMU CHAPTEU XIX CUurtist Pelilioa in thu House ot Commons. HEUE is a strange affinity le- twoen the groans of pnverty and the outpourings of political discontent. Wlieu wages aio reduced, and the popuhition fiiui. itself suddenly diisproportionoil to the means available fur its cmj.loyuient or support, the indigent labourer casts about him for the cause of his iniiiie- diate di. affinity Ic- \ of poverty 3 of politica! II wages are ipulation fiiiu? .spropoi'tiiiiii'il liable fur its support, the casts about ; (if his inline- t lie ni.,y soel; ition in iniafk- :vest affords a jlling with till ■traile, tliruii,::'' rn leaves the f work at mill- inanuf;icturer reign inai'ketf ; crs revives the licsf) cVmllitiin;- onditlou of the ,r the state of iiasiinieli a^ t!--: vcmedy. la' i- intent. In thb dcniagogue-M f apt tool fur tlio d stronglli (if his iu'liviiliial (lireclioii uf ihu clanioiir df ''■■i,_'ni;i;v pnliiiriaii who .«eolc,s to ly a (li'^play of th ina,Lniify the their privations aro traci supposed. ]I(j tcll.s th niyi'lail.^ II \ui nii-cry. and points out to thc'ni tl aiilc to othc- !iii lh:il; their dost o.'cc.'.'>sive taxation ; tliat excessive t :r causes than tiiose tiiey have ■stitutiou is the n^suU of representation; that ii a.xation ari iperfect fri un inipcrfecfc \>v an extension of the franc f representation can only bo remedied use. vote by baUot, and annual Par- auKM.ts; and hat these ren.-dies can be fireed upon Parlian.ent, to Crown and t^he aristocracy, by a magnificent dcnumstration of phys,(.,l and moral f.ree;-!,, other words, a monster crowd pre-rnant witl, the .ngrcdients of extreme mischief, so lo^v in their condition t!iat every revolution of Fortune's wheel must carry them upwards' Tlio distressed and dissaf isfi al multitude imbibe the word of eonifort poured into their willing ears by the designing oratcu-. and declare their readiness to obey Lis evc-ry command. °Tlu>y admit the force of liis re^asonhi- and, recognize his fitness to lead tliem to ■■ victory or death." This is tiiii picture of ^a periodical occurrence of which modern histoiy presents multitudinous examples. But if tho unemployed tlie poor, and the discontented fall an ea.sy prey to the restless political agitator, when the state of domestic trade has prepared tlieiu for liis evil counsels, hm much more facile is their uupturn ul'en revolution has stalked over tho length and breadth of the vast continent of Europe, and the foreign" workman has asserted the (%/»Vy of labour by violently destroying ihnmcs. and revelling ui idleness and vicious indulgence at tlie expense of the stafel Um the wily demagngne points to the i/o.'^/r. exain],le set the English citizen byjiis contcioporary artisan, and asks iiim whether, with" the certainty of conunanding tlio .sympathy of the forei^rne,-, Ik, will continue an ignoble slave .'— wdiether, with the power of grasjiing a [.ike or an old musket, he will fear a rencontre with the batons^of policauen and the bayonets of the Guards, when the valiant assertion ot his ih///s may ensure their prompt possession? The poor iiicehanic, inspired by tho glowing cfTusions of tho self-styled r;itriet, answers in tho negative. Ho does not fear; ho will not lliiich; he is ready for anything; ho will pull down the Throne, upset tho Legislature, set tho gutters running with blood, and vuKlieatc the rights of tho labourer in the name of Liberty ! He is taken at his word. The day for the great deed is named and arrives; the thousands assemble, and tho representatives of thousands more join them from all parts of the country. Their VOL. II. 1,; Lli'ii Ui'' TIIi; DL'KE or WKLLINGTON. [1813. bcnrts swell, their words two big, their resolutions uiishulccn. Tho orJcT for the ruovcMiioiit is given. A Comiuis.'sioiier of Pulieo speaks ill the uuiiio of tiic law, and. ^j/v.s/o.' the whole assunibluge is dispersed, witiioiit u brohon pate or a broken piine, to nicditatp on the Lxeei'ding folly of leaving work and suspending business to rely o;i wild demagogues, instead of placing a dependence on the wisdom i'.nd integrity and constitutional purposes of Parliament. The e.\tiaordiiiary and nuist unexpected revolution which too!; plaec in Fr.mce early in 1848, upsetting the Orleans dynasty, was followed by similar great movements in Prussia, Austria, and the lower (icrinau .States, having been preceded by violent insurrections in Itiily, all having for their apparent object the extension of the liberty of the subject. Such a convulsion could not be entirelv witiiout its effects in Great Britain, where, unhappily, tho embers of pulilic discontent arc constantly kept alive either by the depressed state of trade, tho auibition of political aspirants, or the untirini' displays of the Catholic leaders in Ireland. However, the large share of national liberty enjoyed by Englishmen, and the dreadful examjjlc befm-o their eyes of tho consequences of a violent assault upon established institutions, kept us free from any furious outbreak simultaneously with the outrages perpetrated ou the Continent.' 1 A I;iil!iaiit iiicUiro of Ilic cc)n!i-a«t bclwccii EiiLchnul and llio Con!ineiil :it llii» jiitiriiiie was drawn by llm cliKi'.iciit .Macaiila.v when lie lalely mol his con.Jliluenls at Kdiiilmruh;- ''Xcvcr," said W, ">lnce M.e origin of our race have Uicre been (Ivu je.arj more li'r:il.' ia great evenly, or lUv y,ar.< wl;icli have lofi bcliind Ihoni more iiseCiil les-ons. We have lixol many lives In llial tii.ie. Tho rcvoliiliona ol' iit;c.i liavo been c-.)nipre«e(l inlo a lew nion!!!-. France, Germany, Ilunjfary and luily— wliat a history has Uieirs been ! Wlicn wo met Iutu last, there was llie outward show of Innujiiiiily, and lew even of llio wi«esl luiow wliat wild piissi'in.-, what wild ihei.rie.i, were kTmeniin;; nialer that pacific cMerior. OlisliaaJe resistance lo uU reasonable re.brm— resi>!,mci! i,rohi:iL;id but one day behind llie lime— -'avc the fi^'iial for Ihe evjihwlon. In an in-:aiit, from llio borders of Uussia to Mic .Uhmiic Ocean, eierylhii;!.' was conrusi.m and terror. The s!n'<''.sof the Rreati^st ea|iilals in i;iiroiie were piled with brirricades, and hlreamia,- wiili civil blood. Tlio house of Orleans Med I'roia Traneo; tho I'ope (led fr./ni Homo; the Knijieror of Austria was not sii'o in Vitain; popular inslilntioi:s were thrown down at ITorenee; i)"pnlar iiisliliili(ms were ihruwn liuwa lit Kaplcs. Willi oi.e democratic convention siltin;,' at Iterlin, and with aiailhcr deinocraiic c .nvention slltiiii; at rrankrorl, you remember, I nin sure, well how ao(.n the wivi'4 ami llio most honest friomls of reform— tlioso men who wore most Inclined lo look wilh iadil- Kcnee on llie cxcetacs inse|Kirablo from Iho viiidiciilion of publi-T liberiy by [ihisical r.iriv— began lo doubt nml desjiair of tho prosiiecls of mankind. You remember how nil animosilic.H, national, reIi;;io;!s and <-ociaI, were brought forlh together wilh Iho puliiical animosiliea. You remember how, wilh the lialred of discoiilented subjects to their goveninicnts were mingled the haired of nation lo nation, and of class lo class. In Iriilli, for myself I stood aghasi ; and nalurully of a sanguine disposition,— naturally dispo-ed to look wiih hope lo tho progress of ii aiikind,— I did for one moment doubt whciher Ihe cuiirse of manUinil was not to bo turne I back, nnd whclher wo were not to pass, in one generation, from (ho eivili/ai'.on of tho nineteenth century to ihe barbarism of Ihe tlflh, I romorabcrei that. 0^1'pfstmf^pr^im^^' iv-.-stva^i 1848.] THE NATIONAL COHVE^TIOX 243 But IrelancI snw lier nniim.t,,, •. i " ■-^-"'™~'=;"~-^;"^!;;';:4,:;r Adiitn Sinilli and Hint Gibbon Imd tidd civdi-^iiion by biirburiana. The (locjd, i, and lliey seemed to reason Justly ; f,,,.' ,| liarl of the world with the weal, i< lliat there w I. Iliey said, Would l"'y foiiiiian.j i|,u ■ouM no more ro! never a?ain bo a deslriio ;lion of urn to cover the eariji ;"ets of Mint part iininen^u sircn^'lh of the civilised Whence were to come those H,.„,,, and from whence w!' re T""™'' """"-"' "'"' »«""' Dcaia to deslroy civilisalhmV Alas! n ,|i,| ,,,^ "'"'"' """'<' ^'""'Inl', who were enijendcr the barbarians who should destroy ,', ''""'''■,''''''''■'"'''''' ''''■''''•''"''' il^c-lf mi-,'ht heart of great capitals, in ,1,0 very nei.hbourl.no , ","' ',"''"" '" '""'" """' '" "'« ''■■'y tl.ea,re,s and libraries, and „,„,,„„,„;, vice ad! ""''""' """ '■•""^'•"-' """ ofllansllercer than those who n.arched under A.H, r"""', v"" '"'""-■ '"'^■'" l'^"""™ " '•»™ than lho.e who followed (;e„.oric. Sueh wi, , """"'"""™ ''™' «'"l'.'>-''ivilisalion had arisen. Impudent an.l obslinalo opposition ic'r..','!" .', " ."''''' "'"""' '" ''"^' "' '' anarchy; and as soon „, n,en saw the ev ■; „ ,,1' l ' ' '""'""^ "■■'" '•-"^"■' «» uader despotism I To the don, , T,:,, ; r t'., '', "" "•""' "' '"™' '" "'-" more lastin^' dominion of discipli„,,d armies Tl ' '" '""'"■'■'^^^ "'o sterner and rose n,ore Inlolerant and more insolent l!,a,', belbre'''!!?', """ ""■'." '''"'" '"' "''-"'^■'"- or Ilildebraud-inlolerant nn,l m.-len. ,.'1 '""'^'- """'''•'"" •'""' i"-'o"t ■« in the .lays Who had fondly cherished the hope (In. i,s so'iruT , ,"' '"""'''''.'' "'"' '"^"l'P'>i"lod those mtd by the progress of knowledge. ,„,,'," ,"^"' ""■"^""'' ">■ "- '"P- of years, aeven years „,o, we looked in vain for an ^i? ' '"' '""""" «■"-"' "'"« "■"- than tnice of consliinlio-,al freedom; And we in'il ""'"'"■"■^■' "■« ""^ look as vainly for any the casuallies which have wn.uudu ruin 'on all'.,r","'!'""''' !""'° *""' ''■''''"'" '"'■'"" '^"^1' eubvorl our throne. The reaction which followed T .'"' '"'■"''"'' •"' "^'« ''"' ""' -- ""-? ^Vhyha, on.- oounlrv. w.,,b ;,,,;,! " ""' ""'^'■^•" "'" ^'<'"^-- -And why of Coshen? Everywhere else" tho thunder and TTZJT'" ?'"""' """' '"'"""' '""■'^ ground-a very qrievoua slor„,_a slorm such as ,1,0 lii, , ''""""" "'""^ '"« ""''.^'■tevorythhm'islranquil here. And then ie-un ,„'',""' '""'"" "" ™^"'- . "0 lelt; and yet li,h, has been ,„ «„ on ^ n w "' ' :"" ""'""'' ""'^" ""^"' God, ,0 a wise and noble constitution the w. k';' "™ '' """"' '"" "'"^"^'"S "'' Let us proflt by ,he lesson which we 1 -^ ^ ' , T] '""'"""" '^^ ' «'-™' ""- the experience of others, „„d not by no',,; "' """" '"" '"'' "" "'■'"" ">' P-iry i,-let us atnend It; but let L not d ! roy 1077 ','"' '^""^'''""""-'" - because each evtrente is in Itself a positive evil, bu, n, so becm.. U , ," "''""""' ""' ""'■' e.v|.enence that each ex.remo necess,rdv en....„ , , " "'" '''"^■"' '" "" "^Z '"!=""-»-■".",:« In every d;"lrmn, """"'"'• ^ "" '"™ "^ '"^ '■•'«■ """ -'--let us pri.e, as , , ' ' ■ " '' "" """ '"'"' "•»■" "- '-hms for '^-.l.'.n. Ves, Kenllenlen, ,r,^:m ".,:::•/■ '"^^ """ '"''■'' ""' '^''•" """ -'"^''""^ ecTvhude, that , be Habeas Corpu";, '" " ■"""''" " '"" """^' '"■ '"« «--"> - have the libeny of assoc L,;^ n on rT '" """^ '"' "'^" •"" "^^'^ ''^ <•-• '""' Islhis-that In the year of 1^2"" ^^ '^'■■^<""""'™ 'J-i^m sbnds in all i„ slren-th. I n.,,y be asked w ly we ,0 ,;;! T ' 'f "^ ^'""^"""'•"' '" "^ »""• •^""^ P"lh...gover,nne,,,s down, ..lr,a .:"''" '" "' '"'' ^'''' "" "-'"" "^ "-« «"0d «overnmen,. that its faults ,'„ T" "!?'"" "" """ ""^ ^'"^^'""""" «•"» -^ «ev. been inflexible in . -posi l f T , ■""' '""' """""•^' """ '"•" '^ '""1 f-m it Of inestimable value, by ,7 i ":t' '""' "" """ """""'■" ""--"- . no. by ,he tearing nlof " ""^ ""^ ''"""' "'^' ''>' "•^' ^'"^'"'^ "f tl.o -.o.„ ...e. e.e„, r believe, carried ne .,.iy ;.:.r;:t^':;;;:i;i; :!: Pi' i I .1 244 LIFE or THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1848 a blow wliilo yet Ei-rnpc was in a state of fenucntation. A very few weeks of liaranguiiig — a very few days devoted to organisation — and they niiglit march to the House of Commons and awe it by numbers into an adoption of tlic six points of their new JIagna Charfa. They did not want exactly to imitate tlio Frcncii, for the sufficiently good reason tiiat the nnijority of the British nation were against them, or did not understand them, or were at all events too much attached to the Tlirone and the Constitution to suffer the one to )u> disturbed, or the other to be violated. I3ut they felt that tlioy miglit take advan- tage of the alarm produced by events abroad, and hoped to wring from the Government, by mere force of demonstration, what they could not expect would be conceded when tranquillity had been restored, and England invested with fresii moral strength througli lier singular inimuiiity from all political disturbance. Accordingly it was detcrniincd that, on the 10th of April, in tlio year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-eiglit. the Chartists in all ]iarts of the United Kingdom sliould send dclcgiites to London, armed with authority to go up to the House of CoMniinis. and bear with them a petition signed by upwards of five millions of lier jNLijesty's subjcets — or, wo should say, bearing five millioiis nt" signatures — how obtained or how far representing honest opinion, is beyond our province t) imiuiro. A Central Loudon Connnitl'', styling itself the National Convention, was to be the focus townids which all the country delegates were to tend, and this mighty Convention waste dietiite the mod xx operandi upon the day in finesiimi. And if words could be taken as tlio earnest of men's purposes, ii terrible day it was to be ! At one of the prrfliminary meetings, Mr. G. M. Ileynolds. nu indifferent author of jienny-serial ])ublications, deelared hiniscH' a llepublican. A Mr. Ernest .Times, a Y(M'kshiro deleg;ife. inli;n.it(>'l that his constituents were midi/ to Ji^lit. A Mr. Ilili.'liin. iVum Wigan, said tliat his friends were for ri'snrting Id pl/ysir,:/ foi-c at once. A Jlr. \\. Smith, from Liverpool, avnv.cil thi; rosohition of the Liverpudlians to obtain tlie Charter at iV.r. piiitt of the liaiio,- ' The ]"]ilinburgh folks, according to one M;. Cuniniing, were prepiiroil to go to thejiehl. Mr. Asttju was io^Ji^/tting for the Ciiartrr; iui^I Reynolds, the chieftain aforesaid, looked upon a^-fcw d rnps of blood )liro>i!!li llip year of oniiMliT-rcviiIiinuii, I wonlil pl.'ico Iwi prrat rcfcirim— iii'i-pni- nssocialfil, orio willi Ilio iin'iiidry of an illiislriniH mini wlm h tui.v Ih>v ..; ! ■ ■ eiivy, timl llio oilier iii di.scly iis:((iiM!ilc(l Willi II. i- iiiinio of iiii.illirr ill i r, "i i.s 6lill, and I lif.|i(j will li.im' Ijcs, lixini! lo lio ii uiiirk lor ili-lracliiui. 1 »|)o;il£ i-f llie gri;..t comnierci.'il rillirm of !«^^l— tlio work of Sir R. Peel— and of the Reform lilU of ISt^ liroiight ill by Lijrd Jolm Kussoll." 1848.] ALARM OF THE LONDONERS. 245 c,s mfJnng^ xn the smh- A very u^^ly ^.n. named McCarthy the represe..tat.ve of peaceful Lelan-J, talked of ritie-clubs. and of tl>e read.ncss of orty thousand In,.I,men i„ London to avenge their Lrekren.n Leland Mr. Cn%, a .ontlon.an even less favoured by na are than MCarthy, ^' should take the rojeetion of the petition as a dec arat.on of war, and the Executive. Fearpus O'Connor and Co, would tl,en lead us to liberty or deafh !- More of this fustian was uttered at d.vers meeting.,, a„d lustily cheered by the parties present. Nor were tiiere wanting men who, like Jack Cade of old, avowed their antipathy to the aristocracy, and their resolution to pull them down. '^ •■■We will n„t le.ive one lord, one ?eiillem,in ; Spnre none but such as go in clcniloa slioon', For Ihey arc thrifiy, honest men." All these sanguinary and revolutionary resolutions being duly reported in the public papers, it i.s not to bo wondered at tiuit the City of London, wliieii is a good enough city in itself, peaceable and laborious, and full of people who have toiled hard to acquire a little property, and wiio give bread to thou.^ands upon thousands of i„dus- tnous men and women.— we say, it is not to be wondered at that the City of London should have become very much alarmed, and looked unplorit.gly towards the Government for protection from the con- se.;uenees which it feared must ensue from the congro^'ation of myriads of fierce and desperate men. It was not that London does nut oontain within its bosom m.-.ny hundreils of thinking artisans who believe that the six p<.ints of the Charter might be conceded wiU.out damage to the Crown or Constitution, but they t^.ink that all those points may be achieved, as other gre.it points have been achieved without resorting to such an illegal and unconstitutional proceeding as the coercing the legislature, alarming a million of honest citizens" their wives and children, and causing a total suspension of labour.' >\ell, they, the artiftans, and a multitude of other craf(sinen and people of no e.r.lt a! all, but who live upon their possessions in lands liou.se8 ,;.o Fu,uL>-, and the fruits of vast fortunes and plantations, abroad a.d at i.on.e, looked to the Oovenunent in their extremity, and gave ^0),^^;er■5 ample a.ssurance that their efforts to preserve the public peace should receive a hearty eo-operation. Til ' appeal was promptly answered. A proclamation wont forth declaring the intended meeting illegal, and warning all well-disposed persons against attenrNug it This proclamatiea was altogether disregarded by the National (: i! r IS I, ,? t If. ill "?3 i' 246 LIFK Of rrri-: duke of WELLlNOfON. [1818. Convention, wlin nnnoisru'i-'d, nt tlicir lien(1r|nartprs. ami at nn interview with tlie S<>ci'et;iry of State, ;iricl in PMrliiiiiieiit, by their representiitivo, Mr. 0'C«Mini)r, tliiit tlic meotinj,' u-ouM fciko place, and that the Cliiirtists would walk in procession to ■Westiiiiiister to deliver tlie petition. The gauntlet was now thrown down, the Gorernnrent took it up. and in a most coramendaitl.j spirit proceeded to put London in a state of defence. In tliis important duty, Mini.ster.s liad the benefit of tlie iidvic( and as.^istivnce cf FielJ-Mur.slia.! his Grace the Duke of Well i nj^'tod. wiiM, generally li>th to ' interio-o" in matters of govern- meuit, had a particular '• stomach to the present deed.'' Like The old war-horse, whieh "at Iho Inirnrcl's sound, Erficis his mnue. f>-id neiijhs, and paws Ibo ground," the Duke flew to liLs niaprs of London, called his staff around him, and had soon chalked i^^ut a plan of defence which would have defied the united armies of «. peal Ireland and Chartist Eaigland.' Troops 1 BIr. Riclmrrt Ori.«iler has published tiie r..ll...« ;;..;, accoiuit '• an iulerviow he once hnd with the Duke. It sliows tlial the Duke »ti3 al«iys disinclined to emploj physical force agniiisl Uio people; but if their objects wi-re calculated to injure the Crown, or upsel tlie goveri.mcul, or disturb the peaec, he had iio alieraaiive :— RICIl.VRD 0.i31I,En-* IXTKRVIEW WITH THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. That I know the D.lse of Wellington ; have orten been artinittod to hia presence; enjojed the high hono.ir of fr^.o cnuvcr^iiiiun and oorreapondeuco with hlni, is now inojl gratifying. I cannot describe him in the ilola or In iho cabinet : I have not seen Uini there. I can teU of him at home, in privalc ; iliere 1 have scon him. To the Inic Thomas Tliori,!i,Il, Esq., I was Indebted for an inlroduction to the Duke of Wellington, through the Di.Ke of Cullund. I had been talUng with rny eld master „„ publis mutters. He llioaght my ob,erra!ious wonhy of notice-asked me if 1 wished to see (am.mg other notables) ihe Duke of WcUmKlon. liia Grace, of all others, was the man whom I loDxed to sec. it WB« dtirlng the g.imn,cr of IKH, when, with a letter of inlroduction fhim the Duke of Rutland, [ calleJ at .\psley House. In a few minutes the servant returned, soylns, "The Duke of Wellingiun de.sirea hU compliuients to you, and will be happy to see you to-morrow at eleven o'clock. ' Twenly years have ehpwl since then. I have not, however, forgotten what I fblt at the prospector !nee;iii?, face lo hue, with the greatest isan of the age. FWe minules bcfi.re Ihe appoi..led lime, I knocketl at II* door of Apsloy H,>u-«. I was shown iw a room lookin? into the garden at iho corner of th- park. lu this afuraneiit were glass cases fflled wiih a supLri. service of ch.na, the giU, as I ^.m informed, „f the Kin? of Sa.ony. On eiich piece the Duke was represented In one of hh miliiary exploits. I w,h ■.tr..ck wui, the beauty ..r these dimireiit works of nri, bit I was c^'ely iu'eoi upoji iho apppstchmsr int»r%-*w. I had be'we ll;ei.. alkcd with masax w.bletM» and sl«>«u»en. I am not uored for bush- fulness : «» .#fhele»«. .in tfrtit witasi.^t I loH a* i iuui wvr l«li before. Jly vcnaralion for llio Duka of Aelliiiiji..n w,i5 i -^.vu. i iiiiturally wuhoi u> obtain ii luvourable hearing, mid • ••rv teaieacn of iulrodiictioD, aiuiclpating a very fomunl reception, when, m 1848.] 'J'llK TKXTII OL' APJUL. 217 • 017 were sent for from tlio cr,,.^, i Hindostan, Khelut, and ul"""""., '^''° '^"'. ''- l-oes of ' t"c tJoid, the iluarcis, the Dn.^oons llio clock wn, siriking clove,,, I honr.l bol,i„,l mo ..,„ • ° ' r,..l,er a weak voice, sa.in,, . Cood „„„.„„. m ^T'T " '"'"' """ " '^^ ^--''v- '^"t . ,a.v ,e n,o„c.. .ioor ; , ..iu „o. see .„e Duke; I S,' '"'; """ '"" "■■'>■■'" "" "-'"^ 0,1,0 the oor, and w,„ ,„re ,hat U wa, ,„e I u .r' l': "" ""- l^-i--^' "oyon.! ,„ roo,n, ,,e , ,c no., of U.o wa,I ..paru.in, ,„e,„. , L" , = I'"' , '"" "'" " """^ '""> "-" Nrvnr.1; '■" close lhodonrV'w„3,„o Duke-, reply ""' """"''■' "O"- "O, eir, ,va!k 1 «a3 now shut l„ will, ,l,e ni,k, of WelMn ',0,; t, «™ evlde„,ly a place of bu.siue.,. a 1o„, ,aU,o ,!!'' "" "" ''•'""''■""' '" "''*™""- » loi.er, occupied ,„e n,idd,„ ,f ,„„ „„„,_ ,,,,,^, , ^ ;7/-""> wi.h ,„.„k,, „„„„ „„^ e.v«c. order, that their owner mi^ht l,ave found J '"""'■' '^■•'"""' I"""''' in sucl. end of, ho table ,vaa a sofa, nearly c.:lro:,:irT "'""""' -■™ '" "- "-K-. At ^^coforone per.,o„. On .h„t .p„,e, at ,1 ZZ'^"r'"" '''''"' ^""'*» Dcrore mo, said, " Well, Mr. OasUor, what is \1" """'• ' '''■ "'' "''■"^^^ »'"ndin^ very .lran,o ll,at I should sii, while the V vr "'^' '" '"''" ' "'^'*""'. "U la ^o«,jm?,he look a seat on an easy chair bcwoo^ / '' "" •'"" '"^""^ ''" "i'-" do,irea ,0 "proceed." nein, s,ra„,4 ^^I^^Zu:: T" '"" '''■'"'"'■ ' «•- '"- aruicipaled, I evpressod n,y surprise, and cr.ved , XT' " ""'"yi'-'^'^-^'^nt from that 1:-"','', ^"^"^ '' '"""'^•--e. ,>l„ci,., hi. n.ht nr.d .;ua j-ou are l>ere-fi..cy yourself laki-,- w- k '""'■ '''' "" '^ J'""'^"" «™barrassed. pr^ceod." '■•""■'' "•'■' 0:10 01 j„;,r ncii^lihourd at Fl.J,v, and ■li.o friond:.:;...-., of Ibis nclion, and tl,o o.rourr'r.n- . • , ""pHimenl. . „t once eulered inlo i;uni,-,re!u; '."'?' "''"' "■""'^' ^'"""-" --^y 1 siid-'Thero are Iwo ifreat ,„i.,.!;,,, ,,,l,.., . .;;';:';"• ■^"'■'' " ^^'^^ "'"--^duciory remarks, '•"•'-'-e.!unr'a.kod,hel)„ko,-"o..i Ur, 1: "'""''''~' "■'""=' '■'■"■">• "'"""- ^^'^ "^'-™ "-- of ,l„,r rauk'aod ,nC;'"'''T'"''"' '''''"" ""^'''''^ I-''''' ••d.cMl.v'-"Ily,,„moau.smyl,,,rdI,ake,-Mrw'i' ,".7 ;'"'' '™'" '^'"' '^ ''^0, ""■'""''■"'•'^""' I'oilor than nnsvli'; I ,,„ -i,.,. '^ ,' '"" '"'^ '''''" '""'^» :'»> w,.rkini< '"■" 'I"' ^vorkin- men want i. „, 1,0 ,.,',,', , "" "''"''' ^'•'^ " 'Jn-^i'er mi,::,ko: a» >nd iheir famine..."-" I ro.oi,.e ,0 ^ ' ^^ '""' ''"'''^'^^' "> P^'^i I.. |-„r ;, , , ' ' - ---- 0.™ your <;.:i ,:,::;;::''::;::' ';'^':^^ ;a-.our,"-"io.„.ev, . ,;.,.:; •'V;iy.^--U-ha. i, ,l,a,V._..,,,o work;:,.' .,„;;,:.; ""•'" "'"'^" " '■' '"^ "■^-' "> 'I'^'l yourOrace wi.he. ,0 iee.l .1,.,:;,',;;,;; >;ZZ":'': "T''' '" ' '"'"'' '""^'^ '•> ^i.;. people ..V"-"Oerlaiuly. Tell U,e:u > h:,;e .ar-- "!ei"I Iho sword." ■■o— ..;.i l>^mn^ that inlerview bis Grace listened will, ,!.o k^,d-, ., ,. -- ".c Duke ,„vo ,„e 1.1, b:m I (how I IW n . m "" '" "" '•""^'^''^' '^' "" --^-1 ."<•, a„d .losired n,e lo call a^o'ivlr a'l :!'. '■'■!'; ':""" ' ^"" ""' •'^'^' ""^^ "'■'•-'.o)- i" " sliort while t reiuroed .„ MmbhT.",' ' " ' "'''""'"' ' '" '" ■■'■""''-'- ""d lold tbea, all ,1,..,. r,,, „ ,,, :•'■■'•••— Are i:.eyV"e,,:l:,i::,ed r. 1 have yriiaed all ' ^ ■■■■li'<'''™vnV"-"MavI '■'■' l:«'liel:i-' .uaniorocom- •"ereil 1- -Dilt Iho l,i!i,..-:,N-. :l.e- ^;»T.i.r.;he mo lor l.„vln, ob.aiued i;,e!.I,oers oMhe' ,',' .. dupes, oexec«,-..i,G„,eo, he Duke Of U-oli;a.„ i>Ie for li;io wh, m h,.,- 1 or|>-r|,,cir ; 'K ;;;ey ■■er celia id l.iUtfbl R,0. 1) i! ii 11 i if 't I Ii ii " 248 LIl'K OV THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [181S tlie Marinos, wore suminonod to march to town two tlays before tli ■ iutuiided coiigre;:ation, and their rcspoctivo biHets inid rondczvon, duly settled. Mciiiiwlillo tho liuak of Eii.irlinid (rioters iilwnvs rutili to tho /2;rcnt deimsitories of gold) Vin» jinideiitly fortified, nml cover for infantry, in tho f^liapo of sand-hags and loop-holed bonnl-i, disposed along the jiarapet and at the angles. Revolving chcvaii.r d. /rise were placed over the gates of Somerset House. Additioiml locks, bolts, and bars wcro attached to the gates of tho 3Iint, tin. Tower, the Admiralty, and all tho other great public buihlin-v The war-steamer.s, well armed, were placed at different [loints of t!,i Kent and Essex coast in a state of preparation, to move up to tn.vii vith additional troops and stores. Arms of all kinds and ahundiuir, of ammunition were conveyed iyto the diflVrent ].iibl ffie ic (illiee.s clerk: r irters, servants. &:c., were s\v orn in as .'specnil const.i and so vested with authority to resist tho onslaught of the expet'; enemy. The coniuiissioncrs of pidieo reeeivinl instructions to i! triliute their force in such a manner that t!ie lirst attacks shouM borne by them ; the troops, who were to lie iu_ a?iibush. only eomi lip ns a corj •s dc rrsr/'iv m case o f cxt romo iicccssi 'y- This was of itself a formidable array to oppo-o to a body of i unsldlled in the art of war, and unprovided willi iho meiuis of m:iL a dangerous attack, excepting by plund(H-iiig gunsmiths' and ii liiengers' sho]is, and arming themselves witii fowling-pieces, pi: fork.s, ».*cc. 13ut it did not amount to half what was yet ti '■ done. Full of loyalty and valiuir ; insjiired by a strong allaelmni to f/iihr ilomum ; anxious to make some figure upon tiie evciitf day, and deter the audacious Chartists from attiseks on priv,. property, thousands of noblemen, gontlenuin, mereliant.s, 1,-iwv . ultoriieys. tradespeople, clerks, servants, draymen, coalwliij>pei-s, :i men of no particular calling, rushed to the police-offices, and c:ni> themselves to be sworn in as special constables. The magistrate: 1„ so many oatks to adminii-ter that they got heaitib, ,.1.- f: la, and found, in the irkscmiene.'s of the dutv, a i (ii lew nintiV'. testing Chartists and all other disturbers of public or maud for truncheons beciime so rn'eat that tlie ttn-neri •ler. dockyards could i:ot, manufaeturo i.hem fas!; enough. iSiind; IV. ytli ot Diri\'ei II f Aiuil. t 'I 1. TI oiise, Isle I was now I'ol i(! precui'sor of the great day of ])hysical denioiistr. a^d Tioval Family had left Loudon lur ()>1 I.. Qii ockiii.«»«* ;,rw ;:,:':;,!',"■■''■ t"™- «'»-p» i'"'. chest. ]},-.k,,.r,s s.uv i„ ior,..iM..li„n • " "''"" ^''^ ..feo less four pound h. ° ' '" ^■;"'- V"'-^"''^''"'"-'^^'^" -nban beer .hops. 'i„ a ,V , : , „ • IT''"'''? '"'"'^^-^ -I'^-rs, iu sub- "K'chanies. wl.^n tin, beer ; / ' 'T' "" ^'^'"^ '''"^S^^ ^''° tlHir f.elinns ,„i..!,t be" o,,, .,'"', "'^'^^ °'-'^'"'«. "tji'tever -.■.'..■-i.^^. ^"inin^a sn.^ i,::t'^ ' ^-^-'-i^'r i"ufe.;ti„u of life Tluw .... " ""1" ■'! "«M.ranee s.eiety for the J i-niu.C(.s, ..nd ever and anu„ re'>,i„din- each othor tl,..f ii.igiand expected every man to d., his dotv nnd slT\ l-.-t'la.s, foru,ed U,e s, ' . "'""'''"'" °^ piek-pockets and •■'■s-;bh;.e. A le tth .; , '': °°r""^'"" ^^ ^'••^ •— * aacu „g ..l.ke the garnsoa and the citizens; uod the -! r nl: : f;"'^' '"' '^""^'""^ d«epsile.ce, as each boozy hlewX ' '" """'•^^'■■^ ''' ^"P^'-fi"'^^ P^^™'-> staggered 200 LIFE OF THE DUKK OF WELLTNOTO:?^. [1849 • The eventful day wus usbered in by a boaiitiful dawn ; nnd the prevalence of a westerly wind tempfed poopJe to «oy — '-Dour me, tliia is quite a holiday! What a very w.irin spring f" Opinion was somewhat divided as to the advantage of fine weather upon such an occasion. Opinion, Iiowovcr, could not alter the fact. There was Phoebus, all smiles and glitter, treating t!io d y as the peculiar prop- erty of holiday people, and holding out th greatest possible, en- couragetnont to her Majesty's subjects to quit their dwellings atul Bco '^the fun" which political fervour had proviJ> 1 for them I Tlip troops were marched at daybreak from their rtoveral bivouacs , am) by ten o'clock it would have puzzled a ' juror to say where one of the seven thousand was to be found, ^he Duke had carried his science of ambushing his men to the highest point of military perfec- tion. It was only by excoriating their noses between the iron bars of the gates that the people could detect the bear skin caps of the Coldstreums at Somerset House. The Park gates were kept closed and the strong garrison at Buckingham Palace was lodj,'ed in the riding-school and the mews, unseen by a single ,Jlor. Now and then at the window of a house on the Surrey .side of Blackfrlars' Bridge. the blue coat of the armed pensioner might bo observed ; and at tlio Admiralty eastern gate the flitting of a marine sentinel gave token that there was stout garrison within that venerable and stately buildimr If the troops were perdu, however, not equally screened from public view was the force under Colonel Rowan and Mr Mayne. Formidable bodies of the police filled the interior area of Trafalgar- square. Large detachments occupied the southern sides of tiio bridges ; and Kennington Common, which was to be the rendezvous of the Chartists, actually swarmed with the "Peelers," pedestrian and equestrian. The plan of defence by the police force was this:— An advanced post of 500 men, was placed at Ball's livery stables, Kennington, concealed from view, but ready to act at a moment's notice, if required. The main strength of the force, amounting to 2290 men, was concentrated on the bridges: 500 at Westminster; 500 at Hungerford ; 500 at Waterloo, and 500 at Blackfriars' Bridge. At the last-mentioned bridge a large body of the City police were al.so posted on the Middlesex side of the river. In Palace Yard there was a reserve of 545 man ; in Great George-street, of 445; in Trafalgar- B-juare, of G90, and at the Prince's-n)ews, of 40,— making a total of 1680 men. The number of police of all ranks in position was 3970, The Thames division was disposed in ten boats, placed at the bridges and at Whitehall-stairs. 1848.] * But it wns in tl 'IE ClIAKIIST rKTlTIOy. nnd the spocial constabulary tl "-' "rrnn^'emont of the mil: tnry ami artiilcrv f ~iHi\v (',,,• the irst ti,„o cii-igod in defeii.Ii fas anen. Tlierc -oro .100 of tl 10 iirccs, iiij,'f(in ng «0 unprotented town— ••y, tlmt the Hkili of fho Duko of Weil P' ■ 'iiors at Battc r.OOat Vauvl.nll; -lOOorSOOiit th,. i • , ="' .•.>Mn,o..,s .,f ..funtrv wore .statio d t lill > T ""' ''"' ba.t.iion of th. GuardsoccM.pied ill ',,''•'':. ,I>'"'"-'>"i-T i a in so.no LousoH which oon,„ i w " ^"'^^ "^ '"fai.try w,,s placed .r .... .n,.,„ „f ri't:: i r:r;:"oo"'''"^ "f ."'' ™' ....■«t oc..„,,i„J a .„„i,i, „ „, , « I "Is- i «...! .„.,ll„r ,l„.,.c.h. T|„„ „,„ r'-'li'N,., 1,0 S„„vj„a„ of Wcat, „„ ]),|,|,„ "ioi.. Om the river th.? ^''"^ F^P'^i" con.plc.ncM.t of artillery- "'i"l.t be required „,| , ^^ '"""^ '''''''■" ""'■''• l"'''-^'^"^'o roqiiired. " ' -^ '^ ^'" ^'••"")' st'rviee, if From two o'clock, when the bridges ,yorc e! 1 „n f . n, . ., exceed five millio-ia and a half; b„t w! Wiieii Ihey M tmm IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // kr ,^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 Ui|2£ 121 Ml Ul ill u u ■lit: 140 M U ii.6 ..Sciences Corporalion 33 WIST MAIN STMIT WnSTIi(,N.Y. MStO (716)t7a-4S03 LII'K OK THK DIKK OK WKLMXdTOX. flR48. came In lie cxaiiiiiicd. it was fciimil lliat. ^.'i-cat nuuilicrs wi'i-i- purely llv«d by a ponrso nt owe. iiii.-fliiivons hihI ub.'iird (■vcnfiiatfd in II iiiciilal IiaHiiciiiatidii. which, tiirt'o years ciibj^i-iiuuiitly, lud to tho juriuaiifiit uoiiliiienirTit of tho uiifKrtuiiate gfiitlciuaii. m ■.',v. 8ANDOWN CASTI.E. 1849.] THE FREXCU HEVOLUTIOX. 253 CIIAITKK XX. The French KcvnlulIon-TlHiVMllmr Sir I! I>,,I_T1.. .> ,.-,,. .nont* c„„«,..„,,.i „„ ,,i, „,„„._,,„,„, ,,,„.„,"" ""'• '" " • "•"^•••••-Tri.M.ic,- .V,,|„.m,. FTK1{ f-cvpnl sniijrniiinrv stniirL'K-s in lI.osfm.ts„r I*;uis, anMn-o„t",f ||,o "'''■'"1"^ "f v:,iIm„s ,.|,iI,,s Mini „.ss„. •■I',s(„,vs,.,l,|;.l, ,„,„.o,.,„.l,M;f n|,M,l *'"' <'^f'''VM-'M„t i.n,iWj,l,.s ,vl,i,.I, c,,,,,! l.'vonr in tl„. ,1,,.^ „f l{„)„.s,,i..,-,-.., M;i.at. nii.I iMnin,,. (I,e F,,.!,,.!, su.-' f''''''"'^ ' ".vminnja mil.! iMn„,.,r,.!,v inf.. n <),,i,„tie ivpuljli.- .,f u|,i,.|, |>,.i,„.j Louis \;,,,„|,,„„, ,|„. ,„.pl„.^y „f ,1,,. J..^||_ iM-rar, w,-,s ,.I,.c.t,.,l IVsi.I.M.t. Di.rinj tiiis |.iMi.Ml a,,.! for soiiio timo m,I,' «i'<|UciilIy. t!„. rol;.li,.||s ,.r rh,. l{riti,s|, . „ with 111,, Fn.„,..|,c,il,iii-i hvvn liirKMiIt o .„a,o. No o„o .n. tl.is ....n,, , ,„.. .„.,., ,^^ '""-,""• ••""'' "••' '-•""" ' , l'« J.'>..'.M..l .1... I{,.i.M, Minishy •'-':. Tnnon IK. ,not every ...ovenu-.t of the 0,,,.o i' i,... i,. ^ "" 'l-il^ty. ns „fl.,nii„. I.:„,Ia„a the l.st ,.uL. of givin. | i" "'i'>Mt"inn,R the pcaeo of Eumno. ^ ^ " In t!,o course of IS i;.. ,|,e l),,,,, f„„„j ,^^„^;,„, ..n oec^uetof ,l.e Mar,,,.i. of D.ll.ou.ie in eon h.eti . "l .a n.ni,e S,k ,, .,,^1. even.na.ej in ,1... annexation of ,|.o P, jl, " ; ""■ ^""'^'' -""'i-'« in Indi. The only instances i„ wl,ie li. .aco appeared to net ,viH, tl,e Opposiri,,,, wa.s against the Kaihvav, Abandonment Bill, and the Pil,,/,,, ii;ii ir '"'t i"*- "''I'wa.vs .""I, unu iiio I ilota^'o Bill. Ifo was cf oninion that 254 LIFE OK THK DITKK OK WKLLINUTOV. [I860. tlic first would, in clToct, ropp.il flio vast number of Acts of Parliament wliicli Imd bwn pnst dining' the last few sessions, wliicli involved tlio outliiy of millions of money and the interest of millions of per- sons i and that it would wipe invny the whole of the property which liad been invested on th(> faith of those Acts of Parliament. And in respect to the Pilotage Hill, he said, speaking as Lord Warden of the CiiKiue P.irfH, thst it was calculated to put down the fellowship of the I'ilots, wlio had hitherto contributed to the safety and usefulness of our !iavi;.'atiun. Inlf<.'iO the Duke of ■Welliiiuton cxporipiieed a shock in tin- sudden and accidental death of Sir Robert Peel, who wa.t thrown fioie his honso in the I'ark. It is t^aid to this hour, in many (luiirters, that the Duke of Wellington had very little real regard for Sii- Kobcrt Peel; tliat the jdiaucy of the disfingui.vhcd commoner or one occasion, his firmness u])on others, opposition to the Duke's wishes, and his plebeian origin, hud combined to close the avenues to tiie Duke's heart against him. Tlio Duke regarded iiim oidy as a necessity. lie this as it may, it seems impo.s.sil,lo that his Grace should have been long associated in public life, and especially in ofliue, with Sir Rdbert, giving him his confidence the whil-j, without enter- taining some respect for his eharacler ; and wo do not. thenfuv, wonder that, when the death of Sir Robert P.'el was allud.'d to in liise to tako his share in the mournful ceremony, bis feelings so overcame him that it was .some time ero he could aciuiro the command of speeeli. He at length said, after a great effort at .utieulation :— '• Uy Lords, I rise to give cxpre.ssion to ijje .sati.slaetion with which I have heard this conver- sation on the part of \our b idsiiips, both on the part of tho.se noble lords who were opposed to Sir Robert Peel during the whole course of their jiolilieal live.^. and on the part of those imbic friends of mim- who have been op|.o.sed to him only lately. Your lonlships must alt feel the high and honourable character of the late Sir Rrdjcrt Peel. I was long connected with him in public life. We were both in the councils of our Sovereign together, and I had long the honour to enjoy his private friendship. In all the course of my acimiintance witli Sir Robert Peel, I "ever knew a man in whoso truth and justice I had a more lively confidence, or in whom I saw a more invariable desire to promote the public service. In the whole cour.so of mv communication with him. I never knew an instance in which ho did 18.11.] till shoi wliole e Hl.ile.l !| Loiil.s, , wliiell I f'l.iriictoi tlie .--enli Tlii.s spei The 1 Whs the lialinns I fillilS of iiiiiigliiiibi t!ie rest I eiiijioriuni el' iciidez' glol,,.. I-- liaiiihle.st ( as ilicir c Huif Par repository ^\ elliiii;|ot Vai'iiiiis de Ol.jcct of " U'lien," s. niid inipre.s Hi' U'eilingr elected in 'i'liiiir.i'ion aiti' '.leh, I tliat Templi ti.-ll. it i.s. jii'.iee nliicli liwii raised nations whic li'ive. years g vi'iieiaiion ai tlii! l.st of .M; li'C hiriii of ' I'liMr,. I, I, bIi, P'ri.li..;,,.,!, 1,^^ |.^ "liii'iriii, |.r(.»c'iilli,| 18S1.] THE GliKAT EXHIBITION. Iff show the .strot,ir,.Ht nti.icl "'"'!'' f'>iii>.. „t' iiiv lie,.. III., IMlcilt to f,.„(l Lonls. I <''>lllJv "'I'lmfiii's of re;riet wl i^.^lKvel, ,„„.l„ee.la,uaike,|', ilif JJnti>i, ,.„biio pivo il.seit >". mv Lonj. ''•■"•.KMeri^iie f V.ill I "ii.V.'-:ili>rii f.itiin! ,.(• I, liiive es|,re.>e.| f, '■"'"II at li.iirln It ";«"''■•■ i ' ^::z:r:;:T;::r r ''7: -•'■'"-.niie ea...i. .e,; n,w;;t::7;v';'-.''r '• •^""- fnM.sofi,.j.e,„,iu. ,.,,,.,„,,,,,,,., ;•-''''■ I" t'lo shape „,• ,„„. ■"■'':^i"»M.' fon.,,lM,.ent was paid t,. ; ^ "' '""""'■ '''''- '''v'li.st '*- -^ -■»••'- world ..nK,.;u;t'n- '?•'''''''•'• ^"'"•■"'- ^''"l""'"'" "'■ "lo rosulfs of the"i,„l„s.,'' '';;''"■'' "" ""■ '""il-i-.uv ,.!' I .... nioiis.i, lit llii; iiii|,-,.i-<,. .1 ol'iviidez^oM.s of d;.ie^,ate.s (V„„ pl.'h.'. F ""' ii'li;il.iiai,t,s of all ^' \^ >"'"^" vin. ih,.o,..h I e J I . r ; '"• '■ ' •^■•'" "'■■ ""'^••^• . '«"^'"^''r.>o^^mle,ihi,„asanone,nv h, 1 Vt'ia'ialiiM, and delight " ITnou .1 ' " '' "'"'" '""' ""'' "'"' l«t of Mnv 18-?! I • "^ , *; "'""""•'^' '"■ ""' <''-^^^'"l '^.Inco-- ' lliiTC !» a ,.|iir"i"- - ' • - • P'li.l Ullill . _ .^.... .... ..(MMMIliT III ,1,,, (.,^,,,, (..,1 >•>!— his own birthd.iv and il„. (i . * ' • '■"^'- I ,„„ -^ "'-•'•>" ..Ik., had M 1 .po..s,....ih„ ■ ■ "> '•--.';::.:: ;:-,";:;;''v:,r.!'''r-^ ^-->- .•.-.>■.. „. ,,... !)v lu-r M •J"-!,-, iviuc, Alborl U („ ,|ic i„,k^ ;r"tin.l, Willi hoail nviTleJ, ly.,k 'i at ihu Mi SAO Lin: oi-' 'iiiE ui'Ki: op wellinotox. [1831. Duko va8 8C(>n )inriuliii^ tlio plalfonii of tlio iimrvcllouH odiUco in ouuipaity witli tliu iiiurt time. Anmngst the little inci(lent,s, pre|)aratory to thr opening of tlio Cryrttal I'alaeo, may bo mentioiiod aa itinguhir iiml aj-.pii.site, that, while the Duko wan oh.'ii,\^ statiiettcM in silver of the Duko himself and Napuleuu Uonaparle Were dineloHed. An the lima apprnachcd for the French Nati(nial A>: embly to arrange for tlio election of a President of the Republic, in 8ncees<-iiii to I'rince Louis Xa|)oleon, \vhos(! term of oflice was expirinir. tliat I'rinec. determining to anliuipato tlio dedision, procured with an unparalleled deirreu of secrecy and promptitude, the fealty of tlie troops in and about Paris; and upon the plea of crushing conspiracies levelled at the liberties and linppiness of the country, ho trainiilcj those liberties under foot, and, in a few hours, established a licico military despotimii. France, crouching mid terrified, yielded without (Striking a blow, and the people awaited the moment (whicih has simv arrived) when the Prince, scorning the mockery of a llepublie. sIiouU take u]Kin himself the nmnarchical authority and procure the revival of the Kinpirc!. Fearful lest the army, which had thus aided ], Na|iideon in his crusade against piditieal freedom, should dennind, :i> the recomjieiisu of its devotion, that it be led across the Channel, tlic Uriti.-li Ministry prepared to enroll the militia. L(U-d J(din R.is.sells plan, however, for tliis wholesome measure appeared so very defective that upon an amendment by Lord Palmerston, the Militia liill \va.^ thrown out. and Jjord .Ldin llussell and his colU'agucs rcsigneil in disgust. Tliey were succeeded by the Ivirl of D.rliy and the {'nii- Kcrvativi'.s, who, deriving experience from the failure of the WiiiL'-;. brought ill a bill of a diiTcrent complexion, which the country at once accepted. When the bill went up to the House of Lmds. tlic Duke of Wellingtiui gave it a cordial siippiu-t. His (Jrace at loiii;lli beheld the first great step to the rcalisatiun of the projects on wliiili liis mind had long dwelt.' It was universally admitted that he iicViT CrjBlul Piiliico. Tilt" Knilii) lia^ (nliliiuly Im.'II mi,'i!<«:r.l l.y llic sliiily Df s.iiiic \wX'\K ni i\,' Aili.rnliciii (iniii' Mii.i. > 111 liiA iiilinlriiljlv It'Mir to sir Julni lliintnjiiu on Uiv tiulimiiil (Ivfunco C-WO .\ppou(lix,l, lliu Duke of WellliiKion tiuil laiii grcut strou on Uio linporlance ofa .Militia. 1851.] TlIK MILITIA HILL 2C7 gpoko bettor tlinn on (liis ocmm,,!, i,.. i i , . , -■li. Jlis ....art wns i„ „":;:;'" f ™'^''>; "'">-''. "Po'^^n «<> .Vrmir (.'uzcffr, " n.iKl.l b« r..,a.,;.r,.l .." | ''"" ' ""•! "'" '''"'"^' tl.c co„«t«„cy of timt pun- p..,,!.., . , "'"" """''*"'« ^'""^ "^ .1.0 prof.»,Mo„ of arm. 1.,.,, ^ "'" ^^''"^^ 'Z •""™ ''« fir^t o.ubracod illustrious Dnko'M cin-cr" II„ .sai.I-'""" ""«'''"''''"S "-"it "' tho " I am ClTfiliiily tlic Inst mni. tn 1 to .1.0 rela.ivo L..^' "l^^riV"' '"''^"""" "'' "f'"""" «« .i.i. u..d..ci,.ii„e.i or iowf.iis..i,,,:;:i'^:;;„:"':;;y ^^;''; ^'-i.''i-d or b." .•oinparud at ail. \Vi(b dis.inll..,. i . " ^ """""*■"' '"-i" •'<». to "»■>.:" p"f""» "• ii.i,;;': ;;: :;::t:t,r '"'""t conWoiice; on tie contnirv tl„. ,.i . ''av.! no mich vor,rovor.of„,...,:;'L:t :::r't;'''-^^^'''f'''"« •i'.I" "t tl.c Mate in ,vl,i..h wo Mand V I . *" '"""' '"""^ * on ......on.ior. on. ...,.,, :: o T lI'S'T^- "^ of war ar.. c-arr.od on by n.uan.s „f ....^ pe.cv os. I "';'""-'•'« "ow providing for „ p.-aco cM.WsUuS yinl^r ^ "." '"■" Kl...le world; you a,,- ,M-nvidi.,., e ' '""*''' "'"' "'" .l.at poaco oJtailisl. „ : tl t/ T" ^'""'^ "*• ' ^^ i..»...... ifithadb.:.:^, :';::;tT:^-^'^^^^ a.s »<• l.avo b,.,.n bv tl„. „mI,I,. . "■'vtn.oeded now to be tihlc. I tell him that we can have im snch thiiiL'. Hut what I (li'>ifi' — ami I heliove it is a dc»iro the most moderate tli.an ein he foriin-'l — is. that yon shall L'ive us. in the lii>' iiist.iiice, the old ernstiiulional peace estalili.-iimeiit. Wiion we hiV' {.'oi ih.it. then yon may ; War we had in service several reiiinients of Kofrlisli militia, nnd thty Were ill as hi^rh a state of discipline, and as fit for .service, as any iiien I ever .'>aw in my life. It was ([iiitc impossible to have a body c.f trocps in hi;rlier order, or in liijiiher discipline, or more fit for ill- ciplinc than these bodies of British militia were, at the coinmericiMiient of the present century, np to l.slQj they were as fine corps as evir were seen; nnd, I say. no doubt, these bodies of 50 000 or ."?0 (100 men, whatever the number may be, will be so loo, in the coiir.se "!' time. Every thiiif^ has its lie;.'iniiinjr, nnd tliis is u commenceiiient Y..U must make u be^'innin'r hero, and see that it will take s"iHi' months before you can fiu'in reserve regimei.t.s. The armies of Enirlaiid, who have servecl the country so well, — arc your lorrvil iico fvorytliin;;— ay, nil.] to l |.«..n,«t t.vt-n.l.inj?. -r tl.in c.m.try «oul.l not l,uvc 1 HI with tlit'iii" Not oiio-tliii-a of tlio iiiriio tla-y wcro bravo troi iiiiiii \H briivc — tint Waturloo — look at tl ■su .•iniii.'s woro Uritixii troop-, but V^. mid not munlv briivo-f,r I beli w.-il- K'vo cviirv •W'lni.sed troo|H. Ti;kt' fbo btittl,! oi' . „ , , , . "'■■ "^ '*''''!''' "-oopM at llmt l.iittl,. I e:iii tell your lordMlups tliat in tliit b.itl.. .) . • ;r';'rv^ ""--:: i.iaj J. ;• r:;::;';nd::;.::;:,r:; holato Ilunovenan A.nba.ador lico-Canit ivi,.I.oans..,; . M-uved no.st a iiiirably and tl,oro woro n.any other fon.i.r t oo . w u nobly aidod ns „. that bat,!,, avo,vodly tho ba.tio ot",i„„.s- whose operat.ons helped to bring about tho victory, J,U was f .Mowed by tho peace of Europe, that has now lasted for thirty- .1. or thn-.y..seveu yeu.u 1 say that however nuK-li I admire •lu.ldv- disoiphncd troops, and .uo.t especially IJnti.sl. diseipliued tru„ps I t^'l .vm you must not Huppose that oth.rs eian.ot become sot'uo' n.u no doubt if you bedii with tho forn.u.inu of Corps under this A-Y'f I url.ament, th..y will in time become wh»t their predec^sors '" H"- ""lu.a were; and if ever they do become what tho former '-nlma were, you nuy rely on it they will perlurm all tho services ll.eyniay bo re.iuneu to perform. I recommend you to adopt tin-; measure us the eommetieenient of a completion of tho peac. .t.bli.h. incut. It Will -ivo you a cmstitutiom.l f.ixo; it will ,. '. . at first or for some time, everything we eouhl do.sire, but by de ,xv.s it will become what you waut-an ellicient auxiliary force to\hc regular ariiiv." ^ With 0..0 triml exception, thi. was (!,o last speech ever nmdo by he Duke of \V ell.ngton i.i the House of Lords. Fuus ajru,„t on>n II was worthy to be tho last: the subjeet and the n.anner were in portcct harmony, and the Duke was cjual to the oc.asiou rarl.ament wa.s dissolved in July, 18.r2. and the Duke of Wellin^r. t"M alter a .short stay in London, pruccc led, as u.sual. (o his mariu" residence, Walmer Cu.slle. 1 ho autumn had scarcely set b,, whe., upou tho evening of tho 14111 of September, a rumour ran through Lond.m which an aftVc- tionato people were indisposed to credit— that the Duke of Welliu-toa was dead ! ° '■ There are few persons of any rcllcotion in England who have not Ircipieiitly— perhaps continually— speculated on such an event. Tho s.j.emn announeernunt— ' Death of the Du! of Wellington,' accom- 2J0 1,11 i; nr I Hi, 1)1 KI-; UK Wi:LI,IN(iT(i.N. (l.-,-,: pnnioil witli Iho umiiiiI xi^ruM of untiniwil n'^poct niul conrcrii. Iian V!vu MS fiiiiiiliiit' til V.w ISi'itinli iinii>rinnlili |)iil;<; wciiiM leave in our council.s or our iiruis — tlio uiiivi r^^il solicitude tlint wiiuM Murrnuml liii <)ie lU sonii! eri^i^ of ii^itioiml peril —mid tin: inairiiilieenee of the oli.MeijiiieM with whieh Kii;.'Iiiiid wouM ciirry to llir fjravt! thu noMest «if her foiis, were thi>u<;ht.4 ih.it liiivc oeeurred over mid over nfruiti. not only to \in, but to our father!*, uuJ to inultitiuli ■> who have loop since themselves heeii jrnthered to the ([,'riive. Kivlilcii years previously it was i ■uiiiionly said that the work of the I'eninsiili wiiH l)ei;innii)^ to tell on that iron IVanii'. and suhsei|iienlly to tijat. men hud I>iedietei1 — till they were \.e;iried or asliaiiieil of prt'dii-lin;; — lli;it each Waterloo liaoi|Uet would prove the \n>l. Of hi»e year-. increasing inliriuitii.s — uianitest, thonirh eni rgelieally resisteil — \\„] treacherous ear. the Ktru;L'j:liii{( ulleranee. and iht? totterinif sti p. nil t'dd their tale, and suu'L'e.'^lcd even ii f.'.ir that the greatest mail of his nyo might live toiilliistrate the decay from which no greiitiicss i.s secure. Yet the event, so long iu ."-ight a.s it were, canii; upm; lln' j)uliru; hy surprisi',"' And there were few pirsnns disposed nt llrst outiroly to believe in its occurrence. Hut willi t'le nioriiing of the l.'dh Septeinlicr all douhi evaporated. The Dal;<; had died at W'almer. after a .succcssiou ef convulsive fits. S.verul ver.sion.') of tho eirc'uinstance.s attending ilic event found their way intt) the papers; hut when the painful e.-icito- iiieiit ntteiidiiig the n.'ilional calamity had somewhat sub.-jidcd, anil tiiiio had been allowed to collect details, the following a[i;icaroil to comprehend the entire truth of the melancholy story: — The health of his (Jraei* had beeu unu.sally good for some ilav>'. nnd on Monday, tin- lliili Si'pteuilu'r. it was reiiiarlvud that he tunk a longer walk than usual through tlio grounds attached to the da.ttlo. ])uriiig his walk he entered thu wtables. and made several impiirie.s of his griioiii iu refor(Mi(:o to his stud. On Monday evening the Duke addressed a note to tho Countess nt" ■WestinnrelanJ. pronii.siiig ti) meet her lady.ship on her arrival nt Dover at si.\ o'clock on Tuesday evening. Oil Monday evening tiic Duke dined with Lord and Lady Charles "Wi'llesloy. His Grace was in good spirits durmg dinner, mul \v.n.< observed to eat rather heartily. His food consisted of mocktiirtlo Boup. turbot, and venison. While at table, tho Duke's vivacity nf niauuer was such as to call forth a congratulatory reun\rk from liis (The 7'/,ii<», Popti'inhor lUili, IRV'. si i ...P=.««.«^^.^».T^.^ ?4, M 186'.'.] UKATii i.r Tin; 1)1 u 'on nixl ilniii.'lifnr-ii,.I,„v. [(j^ ( M'.)[\\t Klii.rlly hCuv ti'ti mVImcIv- nicd rt'tin,! tn n"• I'T tiM. \)nUn val .t. K.mmI.II, •v-ry lu-.niin;,' ()„ 'i',„.„| • ■> fill 111, ■i.V timniiiii.' tllO H.Hll;il (iiii(., ,I,\j ii'it rt'ccivo tl "T n iniiirtcr of nn I IHM iir lift wuitin^r a f,.w i„.,„M.nN. ho f«„uiiMl |„. | ill tli(! Oiiko'H n to roeoKiilx.. Iiiin m imu.iI. nm! .li.'j howevnr, mm oliMcrvi-cJ ilmt |,i^ ( able; nii^' "■'•' yc...SHi„oo. " '"' ""•"■'' "' " •'"""'^"' d-^''ij.tion Mr. Ilnlko K.ft ,1.0 caXlo T.r D,..l „t .i,!,t oVI-h.Ic, a.ul I.e had not Licn ut liu.iio ...oi-o than u ....•■.■t,.r . »• . '"''"'" '"^ "■'^' Mr iriiii-. ... . . "^ "" 'I"" l"i' 'If. Oil tins ofX'a!( (in Mr Fli.ik.^ ;„„ Tl f , ? 'H Arthur, o| \Valm,.r, hihI a t o ' . ? "^ "'"' "'" ^*"'*" ''"'1 ''««" '^-•^-l with a fit „ tho na(u,-o .Icsc-ril...,!, „„.! that his servants ha.l a ,• . L;:; J ":';;:' f-'^'-^-J^-Ptea .«vo,.y ..on.o,ly that sei,..co ^ to a ho I . • ' , ^ ^ ^''''"'■'"' ''"^ appeared to .Ie.si,-o a rcnu.v.l quiet as f , "•' """."'''•^ '*''*' ""•°° «'^''"-k- «''«" I'o exnirn.1 „s .r.»n M-n. .,:."' ^'''^l ^'""■'^'■^ Wulicsley. tho throe .neJical go„tie- # ""•" ^""""' "'° ^'^"•'"-'oward, and Kendall, his Grace's valet. Liri: or'Tiii: I'L'Kr. oi- wkumno.tun'. [185 «** 202 On 1.0 01,0 occasion since tl.c dciilli of Lord N.'lson. if wo except. IH-rlK.p>'. tlmt of tlic I'l-inccss ClKU-lutto of Wales, lins ptil.lic gnef nmiiifcstcd itself in a more striking md extensive fnni. Every iievspapor in tl.o riiited Kinfrdoni canio nut in a deep u.ourniMS ed-c, and continued to wear the cinldein of sorrow f,.r several d.ys Numerons sl.ops were closed ; bells tolled; the flag's of vessels n, tl,o river were mounted l,alf-n.ast I,i{:l. ; places of public enterl.nnm.nt. shut, tl.eir doors ; and thousands of people, re.p.iring no other ,M;.'„id than their own hearts suggested, put on "the trappings and the snUs of woe." Memoirs of the Dulio which had been prepared in unlici- pation of the calamity, filled hundreds of columns of the puhlic papers or came forth in every form that c.n.ld be calculated to smt the immediate demand. The volumes of Maxwell, which still cncmn- bcrcd the slielvcs of booksellers; the '• Lives " which only extend, d to the battle of Waterloo, and had long been constgncd to bn.k warehouses as - dead stock," were restored to the li-ht ; and thc^e. with a great number of impromptu biographies, found an immediate demand'. Pictures- and busts, so varied iu their resemblances that . sn«>ki,v' from a iH-rf.ct mmiliariiy NviU. H.e linenmc.ts of tl.o ilU.strious D„ko. «e .hould .ay..K.,un„nos,io„ab.y, ..,c l.cs, liko,,.., .,f ..i.n. ...en in the -""-'•;•;-;;;;";;;; U,;,t U.i.0. fr...u .1.0 l.ieu,r. of Sir T.„.,„„s ...wre,,.., ,....1 -"'"";"7"" , "= ^'"^^ „oru..l,, because It w». ,,.i...oa .'..r tl.o D,.kc-. frie,.,!, the 1I.,». Mr. ArU,.,l„.... Of r ..... bbmoes i>. l..ter life, ll.o .la.-uerrctype rc.i„osc.nr„.a bim ;.. cven,,.;^ .Ires a.., M.. bh.k. excellent porirait, ,,..bli,l.e(l by Ackor.na.n., Il.e laltor „n i.n,.r..von.c„l npnn Ibo .h.i,'uerre>,!.. K, „re .1.C most to be con.n.o.KlcJ. C.nn.t D'.lr^.y .kwched the OuUo in prolllo. in an e...um, drc^S an.l the Dnko is sai.l to Inivo rather liked .ho plelnre, because it "made h.n. i c likea gonilcnan." .A. a likce.^, however, Iho ,.ic...ro is very fauily. The por.rai. pa.a'e,! l,v I.-iwrenee for Mr. .\rbulh..ol, in 18I«,i9 a half-length, represenlin;; the Rake .u a .n.i.'.rj cl'oak, will, the ,id,t hand tl rovvn aero.., to the left shonldcr. This has been repoaie ly e,..'raved: in .ne.:zo.i.,t, by C'o.,.i>.« n..d Jackson; in li..e, by Ilean Taylor and by Cl,arl« Sn.i.h; and in smaller sizes h. u.ezzolint, by M'lnnes, l!«rgo..s and others. "Thi, last was Ihc favourilo porli-ait wilh ll.o Duke; and we (;;/«..-(n,r„; .V.-r-) llaxl not wilhont reason, for the expression is very ple.asin;;, eon.blni..',' .na..li,.ess wilh delic.ey -M rellnement of sentiment. It maybe mentioned Ihat the (Jrcat Commander, lho..:.'l. ooverbe.raja., nparlieie of person.d vanlly In the liulo sense, was prond of the e.tin.ation in wluch he .v:.3 held bo.b by Ihe public, and a n..merous circle whom ho l.....o..red with his friendslop ; „„ a very eo......ou mode of ...arkin« his cs.ee.n was tl.o pre.enla.ion of a print of bi.nseil, ger.er.lly the .\rb...hnot one, wilh his aulo^'raph nlTlxed, «...! in a plain UUle n.:.pU.wood fran.e. Tlas r,r in.la..ce, was his ,.s,.al .ouvr,„r to Iho I...nd«..ds of brides when ho la.s 'uiven awa.v, a„ , probablv, .he mo.,t sralifyh.b' tes.i.noni.d ho conld bestow. t)nly a few days before his dea.l., he Kave one of Iheso modest kecpsiikes to an individ.inl of illustrious rank. It happened ll...t. In September last, tl.o Duke and Duel.ess of Mecklenburs-St.elilz, on their rel..rn fro.n I^..u'lu...ot picluro,' and nunouneixl his preCerenrc for it fpon tl.o Duc.,e„ re,„afk!r.g that ^l.o «o..Id aend to London, for n coy, 'Iho DukC will, his usud gallantry, declared .he need not do so; and, taking Ihc pri..l down from Iho ..ail whcrcoa It 18S2.] THE QUEENS SENTIMEN'T.- 263 euch of tlio public as had ri«ver scon the Duke pclcct HS till! iii(ij tlio Crown alone, and tliat tho two Houses of Parliament should have an opportunity, by tlicir previous sanction, of stamping the propo.«ed ceremony with increased solemnity, and of lisociating themselves with her Majesty in payinj.' honour to the memory of one whom no Englishman can name without pride and sorrow. " The body of the Duke of Wellington will, therefore, remain, with the concurrence of the family, under proper guardianship, until tho Queen shall have received tho formal approval of Parliament of the course which it will be tho duty of her Majesty's servants to submit to both Houses upon their rcas.scmbling. "As soon as possible after that approval shall have been obtaiued, ^^"•^ '"i!- i-t Au H.VLi-.MAsT-lIi(;iI. 0Q5 it is luM- M.j...fv-> ui.!.. ,!„„M ,„. u„t;.,vsroM i,„,Wi,„onf .ris,-, tl.at o ,he ,n.. ,,.... .4 .!,. -.e:...„. ,. ,.,„.,,,a iu .l,o cati,,,]..! j,..,.,. Of .V. I .uls. , ,.,0 „ rest by the m.1,. of X,.I.„._ti,c greatest i.ni,ta.-y l,y , e M,le of ti,e g,...,..t uav.l ol.i.f .!. . ever .tflccted lusti-e upi)ii (lio annals <.l" Englaiiil. ■• [ iiavo tliu liuiioiir io Lo " Yov.v iiin.-t ohoa'u'iit hiiMilIc servant, "UiaiiT IIo.v. S. !(. -WvuML-, M.IV L/I.KI,\. The '•i.roj.or p.anliaus!,?^" h..,.o nllu^loa to wa. tha. ,vhioh the" Il,«oBnga,Ie-,,l duch (!,c ])ak. had Loon Coh.nd-i.-ChK.f-eouia elloctually altn.-,l. huital.Iy oiiclosoa i.i a i„a,M,ili,n..,t culii,, the body for some tiiuo lay ir the liltla n,o.n in ul.ich the JJuke ..xpired • and sentinels kept anxious wal.h over tiio incomparable Field-Mir'sinrs remains. t^anuiel Lover, tko Irl.h poet, beautifully deseribod the scene lu these linos : — r "Tiii; ir.Afi ir, i;.w.r-.\r.\.'nM iruiii llio cnliii of holl.i* irui-L', III lnniiii.,.1 piis! llii) r.rilNh Ii">l h'm.ii i-pnih.; lii iiriiH a'Miii, Aiiil liilr, :ii l!:i.-.l l>.il..iio.', Ill :,1 llie wurl.!"* Urn I'lirc'Uiu.st iiifii. Tlic cliiiiC uiM iw.iiu iiiii,'lil iicVr i«a!ii liaM' "t'l'd fur mi^'lil to ilo, Si w licrc llm Sclii-Wl with :,lii^",'hli liilc Ijallios Ilollaiul's oozy shore, I'rtim wliero ilii- iialiii-lrti' tuins iiiaUr alail Ilii; plaiiiK of fur .Mysore, i'Foiu Taijus' amber wrlers bri^li!, remnviiM in cla;.aic simir, I'rom smiiiy hills w lure Doiirn rulM his lau^liins wuve.s iiloug, From haltlu-llehls of iiU Itomaiicc ill hl;;Ii lieniic Spain, I'Min Belijliim'.t ferlilo .-inil where late iioildeil the soUleii grain— From every l;.ml his \ ii'!iir-.«\voiil reileeiuM froiu tyrant's swiiy Will rise on hib'li the wa'.ling ery— ( );ir hero'.i jiaaVd away ! "SolJier unmaleliM '. iiiie.iuair.i e'liier: how sliiiU Ihy praise be sung, wiiose ;,'lorioii.i deeds .su loii^- h:ivo been laiii'.liar to each lon^'ue V Whose eoura','e, wisdom, palriol worlii to nunc have been uiiknown— From the reaper in Ibe harve~!-;iel.l lo llie monareli on ilie throne, llonoiir'd not only for the hand that bore the comin'rin-,' .nvord, lint hoiiour'd lor Iho voiee that spake hi-;h Initbs at Council board— llonoiir'd lor that in .Seiialc-hall thy course was llrni and true. Ad that ye broke the tyrant's yoke at blood-stained Waterloo! "Not soon shall that aiipallint? time by mankind be ror,'ol. When slavish chain and slavish toil sei ni'd i; irope's I'ateJ lot; When from bleak llothnia's Ice-bound waves to Nilun' sandy Hood, t^lrelch'd far the fell doiirnioii oi' Ibu dark man ol'bhiod; When Prussia wept her humbled sla'e, and Ilapsbur^'s ea','Io lay AVilh lahin'rt cliiiped and wounded w in^', the I'oiil ojipressor's prey ; When Itiissla bent the luinion kiieo, Italia liu-m'd her chain, And plundering' hordes made desolate tho vineyard hills of Simlii I " Wnio shall for«et how Fii','lish (on^'iies— and that on English ground !— To counsel base subinisssion lo the .\ii:ircli then were found— IIow lyin;; piopbcts rai.od the v.'ieo forelelliir,' Kn^land's fall. And Ihelrlumph over kin;; and laws ofllie Moloch ofUio (Janl ; And who the raj)P;re will for;<'! nvivia,- I'litoiie !ii;e\v, When the v*ar-note of dellance loud, Inspiriiu-lhr.Iaiid blow, Sondiiis o'er liiscay"!! restless seas her sons lo gather fiinio. And r.dd ticv,' laurel- !o the wrei'lh iliii! cIrcK-1 Wiit.l.tsi.Ev'ii nnrao! 26Y »W2.] ror.TICAl, TUinUTK "llo: CliiMn'ii <.r rkh Mciri, „„:,„ umro iIk,:, ye can IcU Wlial iiii.iii..riL's Willi lt„i:.;„, Willi \ ■.inu-r,! ,1^.11 1 II..W Urn lliiw .il-Torrr, \ ...Inn, l,y ,„Mi,M> i-nloni i,I;„H,M, , Ki'pl iMck Iho siir,'iiiif ililu or (;;i.||, w,,.,!,, ,|(..„|,,,,, ,.„ .^ ,.„„, , How tl.T.T the cmilid r,T,-,.,l i„r lo,,,-, ,,,«• wil.l ii,. w.MTk.^ nu«, \VlHM. lirilalM loii-l,i r„r furni jal IM-,,.„-» hci-hln mmi..!,!:, Ami, ll:.|,ii„-, |,„„. sUv nMLi'ivrM, „ii.l •, ,w !ir , ;,,„/,,•., u.Mi uioiiiiiain sli-,.]) ilial Inok, .„ -rimly do-.vn Salaiiiaiioa's Icanii'tl i-loisicr, or Toniif^' i,'ra-.-> slmri' Caslili^'^oiiro u'nr-roiK capltal-llioip,-!! i;or-i,vis ii.nv „o more- Sobasliaii's lorlrcsi rn.wnii^' on (Jiii|iiisroa"s hay, Vittoria, hJililin iloop unioiii; this hili.4 or wild llisciiy— Can wc bul wilh ii patriot priilo proaoimci- radi w.ll-k:iown name, For each lo lasting time Is lliikM with Weli.k.^i.ev'h warrior funioV " Yot not for fame the hero foinat— to ' liliirali',' not ' defy,' To burst the b.uKls or nations IlirallM— /,'/,,,• was his piirjio^e lii^jh • To hoiiiiil the proud op|ir,.ed no olber course was llieirs than t'allanlly to die! In that dri'ad hour wilhin thy breast loir siii,'le lliou:;ht arose— How by a glorious victory to give llie world repose! "Oh, blessln? to llic country ! oh, honour lo thy race I From nrilain's heart the tlioit',-hls of thee no itme shall e'er cffaco ; And when the d.ark clouds arise and lioiliuf; tempests Kloom, We'll si'.'b lo think how th irl held within the narrow tomb ! lint thy spirit sliall lie with \is— thoii^jh danger's direst tVinii Jlny Ihreat lis, as It did be'iire, with anarchy's wiM s'orm, We'll nerve us f.ir Ihi' ba'lle, tn our standards we'll he true- Ono war-cry shall be Wei.i.i.vo ion— the other, W.vn:nLoo ! " While tlio remains of tlic Diiko of AVellliijitnti lay at Walnior, and the public funci-al was propaiiiig, all tlio anan^L'tniiciits foi- filling tlio various offices vacated by bis Grace wore coiisldtreil, and as rapidly as oircuinstancos, would allow, tlie vacancies wero fdlcd np. Tlio office of Lord Warden of the (:'iii<|ne I'oils was giveti to Lonl Derby; the Coustablesliip of the Tower to Mscouiit Combermere ; the Colonelcy of the Hide Brigade and the Grentidior G uarda devolved 208 LIl'I': OF Tin: DLMCK 01' WIILLINCIUN. [1862. on Priiico Albert, ami tliat of t!ic Colils^trcaiii Cxumh on tlio Diiko of Cauibritlgc. Tlio niomlicrs of tlio Trinity ll.aiPO elected Trinee Albert tlieir MiiKtcr; llio rniveri-ily of O.^fuid installed tlio Karl of DcM-by in tlie Clianeollor.sliip. To tlio Manjuis of Londonderry tlio Queen gave tlie vacant Carter. Tlais all reasonable cxpeetation;* were satisliod ; and tbo t\YO oldest suldier.s wlio bad scr.ved under tie Duke of Wellington received a marl: of the ai'i-robation and fiood-will of tlie Sovereign. llegarding tho probable .succession to tlio coniinaud-ln-cliief, niueli speculation went abroad. It was believed in some .luimtors tbat tlio highest personage in tho nation entertained a wish to confide this trust to thp rrincc Consort or to the Duke of Cambridge; and the idea was not without advocates ; for the position of tho illustrious Lor.D HAUDINGE. princes rendered them independent of the Cabinet and parliamentary influences which had, in other days, been perniciously exercised at tlio 1862.] MILITARY MOURNINO. MO Horsn-O.,ar,l.. V-ry mnny . f ,l,e officers of ti.e «rn,y dc«lred to !.eo the tnantlo of ll.o Di.ko f„ll „po„ ,l.c shoulders of l.is distin- gu,shc.(! frumd, secretary, and fai.|,f„l co.npanion.in.arnis, Lord Fitz- roy Somerset ; and son.o few pointed to the claim, which seniority and rank gave to the Mar.,uis of Anfrlesey. ]5ut the critical state of the country in reference to the position of foreign powers ; the necessity for a firm mind and a vijrorous hand at the IIorscGuards at a time when it was of tl.o la.st importance that the science of' war ind the devices of armament should be placed upon a level with the improvements made in f .rei;;n countries ; i:! lueed the ad- viscrs of the Queen to recon.nu-n.l that her choice should fall upon the m.i.st capable soldier of the kingdi.m. Her Majesty, with a de- gree of wisdom and seifdenial worthy of the lofty patriotism of the Sovereign, at once conf.Mred the responsible office upon Lord Ilard- inge i h id the army gratefully accepted the new chief, whoso renown in the field was only eiimilltd by the talent, courage, and industry he had manifested in all the civil offices it had been his fortune to fill. On the 22nd of September the following General Orders were issued : — MOUUNIXG FOR THE ARMY.-OENEUAL ORDERS. "IIoRSE-nuARDS, September HS'tii, 1852. '•The AdjutantGeneriil has received her Majesty's most gracious commands to i.ssue the following (joneral Orders to the army :— " 1. The Que(-n feels assured that the army will participate in the deep grief with which her Majesty has received the intelligence of the irreparable loss sustained by herself and by the country, in the sud- den death of Field-Mar.-hal the Duke of Wellington. '• Li him her Majesty has to deplore a firm supporter of her throne, a faithful, , and devoted counsellor, and a valued and honoured friend. " In him the arm ,- will lament tlie loss of a Commander-in-Chief unequalled for the brilliancy, the magnitude, and the success of his military achievements ; but hardly less distinguished for the indefatig- able and earnest zeal with which, in time of peace, he laboured to main- tarn the efficiency and promote the interests of that army which he had often led to victory. '■ The discipline which he exacted from others, as the main founda- tion of the military character, ho sternly imposed upon himself; and the Queen desires to impress upon the army, that the greatest Com- niauder whom England ever saw has loft au example fur the imita- 270 LIKi; OF TJIK DUKK OF WKLUNcn'oV. lis-.V('iy rcliitioii of life an uii ergo tic ami niiliesitating obeJieiieo to tliu cull of (lufy. " It is licr M.ijosty's famniJiml tlmt tliis Genoral Order shnll be in- Bcrteil in tlio Oider-books, uiid read ai the liead of every re^^'niiont iit licr Miijesty's service. '•'2. Tlio Queen does not roqnirc tliat tl»o oflici;rs of the nnny sliould wciir any otbor niouriiinj^ with their unifanns, on the present Uiolanchoiy ocension, tliini bhiok criipo over tlie onianH-iital part of the cap or hat, tlie sword-knot, and on tlie left arm, with tlie fwlh)wing cxcej, 'iS. \iz. : — " Officers on duty are to wear black gloves, black erajK) over tlio ornamented part of the -.■;,[) or hat, the sword-knot, and on the left arm, the sash covered with black crape, and a black crape soarf over the right shoulder. " The drums of rt'jrinients arc to bo covered with black, and black crape is to be hung i'v^nn tlie pike of the colour-staflf of infantry, and from the standard-staff and trumpets of cavalry. " 3. Tiie Queen has been mo.st graciou.sly pleased, under the pre.seiit afflicting eiicuni.stanccs, to direct that Lieutenant-General Vi>couiit Ilardinge, (J.C.IJ., siiall be placed on the Staff of her Majesty's :iriiiy, and that ail matters rcspooting her Majesty's military service, wlii 'b have heretofore lieeii trant:a< led by his Grace the lato Coiiiuiaii(l(;r-iii- Cliief, shall henceforth be performed by Lieutonant-Oenerul Vi>eoiait Hardinge, CLCli By her Majesty's command, "G. ]5!:o\v.N-, •• .VM.i'.ilaiiW.'cirriil.'' GENERAL ORDER. " IIorso-CiiAKOH, Sfpteinlicr ^ril, IB.V.'. " In obedience to her Majesty'a most gracious couinmnds, Lieuiea- ant-Gencral Viscount Hardinge assumes the command- of her M.ijesty's army, and all iitattera relating to her Majesty's military service wliiob liavc heretofore been performed by his Grace the late Commamli'v-in- Chief, will henceforth be transacted by his Lordship. •' He confidently hopes that, in the perfornmnce of tlie duties en- trusted to him by her Majesty's favour, he will receive tiie assi- prosunu. only on this o..:.;,';, 'i, ^l''''^'""' ^''^''""■" '^--Ji'-^O i-d ever -w;a„dwhosowho!o W" In ;^:rr::''r':''' ^^""• ""■Plo l.y which "i5mis!Mn„,v..an J i.M ',"" ';'^'"^'^' ^^■ its (lutiu;;. • " ' -' '" "'" l>oi'P.rnianco of "Uycomman.lof tholJiM.f If ,.,otn•abIo "Li.n,te,.u,t-^;..K^■:,l V,.,.,,,, irAun.v;,:, ''l'<'iiiin:iniliT-in-ChIer. "Ailjiiiant-Gciieral." Parliament ni.t ..,rly i„ tho n,..nth of Xovonihc.,- l?-o ., , a ft.r„.,l assent to „,. ,.,,:. ,„..,,„, ,., „, ' ; '^ j;^ g-o ^vlnch took ,,h>oo n,,.,n the I ^iU -^niu^ .un.- u^ i, V "'^^^ memory of n.an no cvMonni.! has ,,,.Hl„e...l !o " " : . '':" "!° lio pr«f,,„ „,. ,„ ri,,,i " ,i„. ,.„'," ■ ■■"■'■;■"'"'*•' '" ""■■ I"''- -;.- «... .:„„,,. J t^zzz:;; sr';:::>::rT ;;;« i't;:;;:.;-:;:y;:; ■;:-i:-;:;v;-r • --^ iloso of'dth ' . ?"" '•'"'"'•'' "^"! "'".-'"10,] thopriv. "i^fet 01 eitlier aeconniaiiviiiir t -e i-cncrns fn i!„. f ,. t • • «t the last oliiees in St J'.ulM' ' 1 ' T - ) '" T""''''^ limitP,! .,. .1 -1 ,.'"-' '""-^ ^- '"'"I' •''• -N<"- "-as (he enthusiasm ""ted o the n,i,ah,lants of (.;,eat ]J,i;..,i:,. All ti,.,. ;;„.!.„ Powors wr;r:;;;;;:;.t:;:;:; ::::;-:::: -r't::frr "f their respoetive enplt,,!. :- -.i,:, ,' ,. ,'. ,!,„.;"h ! ' ' J"-- I'i«r:.oIi, ,1,.. Ch:,,,,,!!,:,. ,„■ ,:., ;f„, „ , ,, , I'tion of "11 I lie occa- al. II »i|l bu louiid ill tUa 272 LlKi: 0P»T1IK DL'Ki; OK WKLMNOTOJf. [1883. Austria — to Je^iiatdi ilelogntcH to Fiii;,'lii:itl to represent tluMU upon tho occusion.' Jjolyium sent lior^wo^iil rriiices — Hpaiii, Portugal, I Tlio omlmUin of tho AiiHlrinn (iovrrmnciit to wiiil n ri'iircwiilntlvo rllcluil tlio liiilowlii)} ii\y »fiTiilloii» fnmi (lie I'liilM Nrrvict Ontrttt. Tliu Miirflml iilluilinl |i> It lliiyiiHii, who miiiic iiiMiilliii BKi) c-«im> Ici Kiinlnnil, ami on hclnn rci:ri'^ili>oiiili>n » llli lila roolaloii", »v\ia their curt-wlil|»i iiml rulhk'«-l;,- olTiT n rolributlvo violence lo tho loreliju >ii>llor, llo Is iiroli'clid by the pollcp, iiiiil is V'HichotI nnil K'nirileil with raro unlil hi?< exit from rn:;l.inil linn bctn wcnreil. Illn Kovirii- meiil, iKnornnl ux It iilwiiys hu« boon of Iho liiwa iind InKtllnlloni whicli unurnntio onr IViTdoiii, denuiiMl exirnjnillclal veni{pniico npon Iho brewer's |icoplo. It l« linpowllplo to nflbrti ll— ii \» InipuMlble even to r('Coi;nl!cts it, .Many a hoxtllo hand has beoti sttiiken over the gr.ivo —Iho very sitiialion Is siiiticeVivo of IIlo niorlulliy of Imnian ennilly ; but Austria Is minry lo tho hiBl. " Wo do not care— Austria Is t!io lo.>er. Sho lias illngraccd Iht aru\y and herself. Wcliliislim was on .Austrian rUld-.Mar»lml— an Austrian rcyinient look ll* niuno from Wiiiington. It was in .'\u8lria liiat Iho liiiko wan n|Icnn In 1813. Covered us bo was with onler*, he v.an not tho least proud of Ihal uf Maria Theresii. To deny, then, lo tills preat Auslrian IcuUt Iho »ini|do tributo which evir) foreign nation lia;.tcn('i' lo pay, was an oulrago upon decency— an obiivloiiancss of what wa.* duo to tlio dignity of tho uruiy of Iho l'.iiii)lru anil Iho granileur of llio liou.«o of Ilnp»biirg. It was mi error of ihe most grievously slupld elinracler, and slumps with iillor VanilalHin a nation which lins never sliowu il-ielf mighty In arms, since, In Its scarcely lew barbarian In- fancy, It devastated Italy. Tho .Miiias and .Maries of old were not gn-aler nifflins than llio llaynaus and """ •"'* T""''^' ^^° P^°Pl« lost and «„,.ioved hero To ent "'""" '"^ '^' ™""°'-y "^ '^'^' of .!.« noyf, Marinerti!; :,7;:rf ^ d...... a representative from every corns in tin. «..;»• I "^" .-s, .ith an appropriate nunfber o7 ^ 1 'd Vr^' T'^T Horse *nd Foot Artiiierv-(^h,.|.« ^°""' ^'•'" *''° iK-licU .l,e Li™ or He A„I|I„ f ''•>'f'« i^i n.„r before frieat officers of '^f f ' carnages, the Ministers, ^■^a.i the great eorporathms;and;tl^;t'Z::Tr U« !■;,„, eror." <^-^mm;e o( offlcor* were In Immoaiata attendance upon ' S<>« Appendix for tb, opinion, formed by the Pru„ian3 of the Brltl^ arm,. •! 3 1 i ^ ^ h 1 i '. 278 LIFK OF Til 10 DUKE OK WELLINGTON. [ISSft magnificent compliuvnt involved, came hia Royal Highness Prince Albert, in whose train also were the carriages of her Miijesty the Queen. Never was IJritisii subject so honoured !— never was e.-irthly honour so well deserved ! The car, which bore the remains of tlic Duke, was a superb structure, as well adapted to the occasion as time and the conditions imposed by the necessity for its passing benenth the low arch of Temple bar would allow. At St. Paul's Cathedral upwards of ten thousand privileged persons had assembled to render final lioniago to the manes of the Duke. When all had taken their places, including those who had formed the pro- cession, the coffin was removed from the car. " And thus, with the hoarse roar of the multitude without, as they saw their last of ArtI u- Duke of Wellington, with the grand and touching service of om church sounding solemnly through the arched dome and aisU;s of tl;u ran CRYPT OF ST. padl's. noble church, with the glistening eye and hushed breath of many a gallant as well as of many a gentle soul in that vast multitude— witli the bell tollin^^ .solemnly the knell of the departed, taken up by tl,.. voico of tho distant cannon, amid the quiet waving of bannoiol and flag, .surrounded by all the greatness, of the land— with all the ponn. and glories of heraldic aohievement, e.scut(iheon and device— his Iiodv was boruo up St Paul's At 1 -40 the coffin was slid off the movoi.ble 1S52.] c;in-i;ii/(. In \, li th SCE\!U\ST. PAU L'!i i( had I, 2li) t! CriiliO (,r tilt. '-''".1 COIiVCVcl II (lireu 31 'ly 'vor tlie t(iiiil) ,,r X "•(■:i u.i(l,.|. tl,y ,1 P 'liO ii:ivo, to t!io f;. "'"«• ^vhiL-!, wa.s j,!,cecl :i:.io 111 "•■■>m;iI.s liiit aiii] .''iffill. Mill] iii (1,^ iibstiliitoil. su-ort. '-'i'^"", w',i,.l, lies in (! illlliii.st I'll' I'hCQ a (]uc;;l 1 of tliu dfcoai^od ci'Jlit bolow, T! eu'onet, Tliu foioiu-ii ."\r; were romovcd from dio •1 Velvet cuslii'in, \v;!r. oil :irs!i;il iiM ; at t •'^ niid C with iiiiifo Ills baidii ( •111. st;iinl HiSOutll Si,i,»„f itsfoo,ll,isl: 'f ri"!'.i-3Iarsl^,l in l,i ''•'iicral.s .vtnnd 'J'-'l H •it the Iicail of t!] I.^IlllCS'S Pl-ii CO Albn-L iriir At cacli sido of tl .1 littio ill ad vniK'o (I "iiil iKtircd in full !'■ )L'arci-H. Afler t 10 coffin wcro Bi-itiHl, C •■^ ''innerons staff of offi loinnity and ini],r psalni and antho sot to niufsic t'.-'.sivcnoss the k general 111, the Do ^vho Ijad cors. acffd son, 1 •11 read wit! !13 I gl-f at f wo Naur niiai/li'i n.„i ^•' ' "' ''^'''"-•" "■: c by Jlr. Goss :— ° ' ' *''° foUuwmg word "And 11,0 Kiu^r 8„i,[ ,0 J,,, „||^ wUh .,cko,,„l„ ana ,„o„n., A„„ ,L . in. ^'I' t:' ''""' '"" '^"""^'' ""<» 8'^<' ^O". "An.i ,„ey burieU hi.n. And ,,e Kin:,Z tl !"' "" f ^• people wepl. "1' '"' >»"=« ,■.„,! wept at .he grave, and all ,1,9 ^;:;:"'L;;:;';"'^ "'^ '^^™"" ^-- --— 3aPHnceanda..atn.„ awf^i .i-aii. of Handoi.;:'B:l;t:;;V"i;,,f 5 ^ appeared with its mi-crcus sunno.f ., • , "°"^ '^'"'^"'n ''i''- g-o.-aI.s and „oWo/wr , d. k d "■"" "' ""^ «^°"P "^ .lanced sadly down, and all ^ w^ L:^'';;;;,':'! ^''"' T' ^^^ """' ''"'1 f'-t 'lay .one fn.m Israel vL ■ '"''^ "" ^'''' A-,.a. .oi-viee were then per,brn. T lo r;:!;:;. ^ ''"'■^'""^ °^ ''- *" J"i" i" 'I'o responses to the Lord's T " T """""■' '■^'"''"^•^^*''^ e.u.ncia,io,i of the Dean, wa. inten^oi;:;;!;!:,;!" ""''^ "^'^^ ''" " '_'-'-^ """'>• "l.'ii'-H in poai- !!itli:s„;;niel,vi.!, ,.ve|.,|,„|.,.," """'"t:';:;;:' ;;:;:-;-';:-;:' :-f"'.p-.n.».% ' i-^'-g at Aini-< !io fall ' a 280 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1852. wlio cast tlio friigmoiits into the vault. The clioir nnd ctmrus sang tlie liyiim. ' SIcctip"'. awake!' and the Bisliop of L(tndon. standing by llio side or the Lord Chancellor, pronounced the blessing which concluded the ceremony." And thus was buried, with all state and honour, the great Duke of Wellington. I'AMt>ELUNA. lese.i CHARACTER OF THE DUKR 281 CHAPTER XXr. Character Of the D.Ae or Wellington. ^Lf* "-° 1-vo presented g^ea or fae.,ites to the biographer fortheforu,at.onofanesti„.atcof tl'eir clmractcr than Arthur, the first Duke of Wellington '.^"■"'^f'-"™'^ very early period of liis remarkable career in the presence of hi« cou„tryn,en, con- stantly connnitting his sentiments paper or giving them utterance in the Houses of Parliament; Cher- Jslang no aniens patsees, and squaring his conduct with his de- clared opinions, his heart was bared by the exposure, we;7t:;;;;ieJe\TthtVui?tt': T" ""'""^ above humanity. He undoubtedly had flilin" ;„ '" ^'"•"'■'"'^ rest of mankind, but they wero JJ1^^ ^ '"""""" '"^"^ ^''O tl.e presence of the numcL?; rt " w , 1 "';'""^ ^''^'^"''^^ ''• wl.lc.,naore than his succ: L ^ ""^ :t'":f '' ^^'"^^^^^^ eminence he enjoyed for nearly half a centul-y "'""'"^'^' P^"' was «i"."-->.endoi:r'ir;^:;;t'^;:f^;!'sf '"""'^^"" jery early period of his life, he conceived 1 at t Z r "^"' "' ' .t eonscientiously, and this irincinle k, 1 ?" '"'" '° '•'"■" to the most minute inspection. 292 LIFE OF THE DUKR OF WELLINGTON. [1852. veil tared upon great ciitovprlscs ; yicMlng to Its irresi.-itiblo claims, lio fuisook friciidH, ulijiirec] political iis.souiatcH, put aside prejiidiees and preposscssioiLS, and incurred obloquy and insult. IJiit tho all- absorbing principle of action HcMom led him wrong. Happily fur tlie interests of this great country, whose devoted servant he took pride in proclaiming himself, his perception of what was right and proper, in many varieties of circumstance, was almost invariably cnrreut. His acutoness enabled him to discern what ho ought to do, and hi.s sense of duty supported him in its accomplishment, or in the" attempt at its accomplishment, however formidable tho obstacles which presented themselves to the undertaking. Nothing pcisonal. selfish, nor sinister would turn him from the path to the vight Wl'.atever ho designed to effect, when exercising military command abroad, ho " hiid it justly and timed it seasonably, and thus won security and di.«patch." 13at this rigid honesty of purpose did not simply charactcriso tho government of hia conduct in relation to tho Sovereign and the country by whom he was trusted. It was tho ruling principle of his life, in relation to all classes of his fellow-creatures ; and fortunately he found that perfect integrity in Lis general public dealings was quite compatible with the allegiance he delighted to pay to his employers. In the rectitude of his heart, he repudiated the distinction which professed politicians have ofttimes endeavoured to establish between public and private virtue. What was morally wrong h,; could not think was politically right. Thus, although numerous writers on international haw have contended for the principle of making war support war, and, confounding tho ambiti«uit.s, fond of tl,o cl,nso a'.'fof? f'""'''^'''^'^'''''^ ""d nu.o!. to tl,o con^tiLs 0^1; ;: 't'^' '' "''■^"'""■-'•' o.ssontial in tlie ,sit,mtions i„ „.I,it.I, ],n ' , ^"'""'■"''•.i-' w'l.-it was a^'ainst all sn^.^rostions Ml.ici, ...j.i.t i,2'f "'"'''',''"''"''''' ''"'''^^'f p,'aotised a sternness of manner which ul i n'l T I '"'' '^'''"''"^ "'"• loast. I.o.a„.o habitual. "H'">atoIy, for a long time at . f." '''■" "'••'""^'«'»cnt of the hetorogonoon. iHo,-, • , , c.pl.ned army coinnutted to his cn.^^, i"n f ''''^' ''"'' ""'li«- tIn-o,.gi. six yea,.,s of unparaih-lod diflienlt -' H,;';'"'. ' ' '"''''"^ ''"» aoconipanied by brovitv of .n , ^ ^' *'"' ''^''""•"■■•^s of ca,Tia-o '-"' «■''!'« y^t a reghnontal offic.-r t It ''" T'T"" ''"' '^'^''^''^ ^^'■i^i'^'' -'•Jior was Inconsistont w ti r, J "T • '•'"^''"'" ^^"'' "'" tlwit it was only by distance ., ,"^ '^'■'"'P'"'^' ^^^ ^''^v eo..,n>a,„l. he f;.lded hi.osolf in ^".."/'T '" ??'"'° "'I"''""" api.roaeh of fan,ilia,ity fr,„„ -.nv' . 'n-t ^ "^ ' "'^'' ^"'^"''^" *''" of demeanour with a W-Wd exaeli m'o :i :^'""'''""^ "''-^ <^"'J'"'^« very n,o,ncnt when tl,eir cxeentio,. , "^'"^ '"'M''""s "P <" tlio ac,ui.-ed a reputation .,.. ,. Jl^ ' Z; ^^t"' '!" ^"f" Dot comprehend his motives of aetl.,,. ^ '".'^•'"'^ those who could ;; -iHcI. he was placed, drew untavo n ' '^l' "'"'T'""" tlu'ir situation and that of fl„. i? , . '-"'"l'''"=""i« Ijotweeu tl-dmirable despatches and ord : :f ^ i ^^nJ t'^ T "^ "' winch a few very .sii.l,t e^-.mnl ..!,., I " oilmntGn-of of this mcmoLiwii ^r tv : i^^" r'"" '" '" *^"''"^'- p^^- fi-st dictates of human ZJZ::::^J:j;Z:fTl "^ "' -^ subordinate to his noble iu.,lTlf:::^;fT"y (li.^'Mplme amou'^iis foHowP.N ;^ , » ^ '-^ enforeea «, ».;! in,. „,,,,„,,„, .„ „„|„ ,,„ ,;;;;;";;:=•"• '""t' li'lt that it was foilv fa i > , i, , , ".-"■>! 'C u.is liceaiis,.. ho .o.u;o..a, or .0 grieve over tho.o which could not. Carefully 284 LIFE OF THE DinCE OF WELLINGTON. . [1852 calculating; tlio effect of Iiis platincil operations, lie was untimllv iii'itatcil if tlioy were tlnvaiti'ii by iiiisooiiccption or (lisolpcdiciicc Ho could forgive tlio former, but ho allowed no wilful iiifringeinent of Ms orders to pass with iinininity. As ho had habitually reiuleriMi obedieiico to his superiors, even when his judgment rebelled against their measures, so did he enforce it when ♦inio and fortune inid placeil him at the head of armies ; and it is a, remarkable proof of the wonderful prescience with wliicli ho was gifted, that any unauthorised departure from his instructions was attended by a heavy loss of human life, and failure of tlic objects he had in view. As the Duke has found the British army in the field equal to all that ho required at its hands, lie was entirely averse to any ulteru- tions in its composition, or to tho laws by which it was governed when tho great European contest was at an end. lie was accus- tomed to believe in what ho saw was good, and had no taste for experiments which promised to make the good better. " Let well alone" was his a.xiom. Thus he was opjiosed to a reduction in tlie term of service, because he had great faith in old soldiers, Ho could not perceive tho advantage of abolishing corporal punishment in the army at tho instance of clamorous huinanity-moiigers. There was much to be said in favour of that form of chastisement. It operated as a public example; it was summary, and did not interfere for any injurious length of time with the public service. Solitary coiifinc- iiient removed a soldier from his duty, and cast an extra burden upon the well-conducted men, beside that it was an inipraoticable punisliment on tho line of march. To tlio ignorant and illitenito n)an a brief confinement was no penalty ; to tlio intelligent soldier it far transcended in cruelty the infliction of tho lash. But public opinion was too strong for tho Duke ; and he yielded to a conipro- uil.se. The maximum of corporal punishment was reduced to titty lashes. In the matter of costume and ctiuipment tho Duke was infie.Kiblo. He had won battles with ill-clad and heavily-laden goldier.s, and was therefore indisposed to see the clothing improved. or the burdens reduced. Ho told Lieutenant-Colonel Gore, in reply to some suggestions to change a part of the dress of the 33rd regi- !!icnt, of wdiich the Duke was Colonel, that it had gone on very well for twenty years as it was. and he did not know where cliaiiL'es would stop if once commenced. So of the knapsack. When new projects, calculated to diminish the annoyances of the soldier were submitted, tho official answer was. that "the knapsack (luestioii had been cxhausled " All this conveyed an impression that tho Duke was iuseusiblc to the sufferings of the troops: and tho idea of his pre- 1882.] TIIK nrivR's PIKTY 285 sninod npatliy received a eoti(i,M,.,f; r l^.t H,e iufcroMco o„ tln.s I,,...,,! ,y,\ .,', r. ^r''"" '" "" ^'^'"'"^"'■■'. 'iK'Jiils for |,i,s troops (exeopfi,,. i„ H ' ''"' , '^"''" '"'' '"" "'^k for '■»'». ■ « fi.: pL.,, i,ri;,';: T ,r,' ;; ,"r,^"",? r "'■'- > tmns would be deteriorated bv .1,,.,. i "' "* "'"■"^ '''^"""c- also cberisbed by the Duke of 'Yo,.,; .^T'IHT '"' «^''"--'-"" ideu Whcu be was e.lled upon to n.ovei; th ^^ /t? ''^"■""'*'^' onp'T ,„ the po.sitiou, relatively to tbo ..nnli ' • :" '"-' "'"" "° justified the procedure. It wa.s ,.ot -^ his! " ; ""^^ ^""'^ ^'■■''' rial frou. the cnptain.s and subalterns of tl T- ^ ^' '" " "'""°- strongly npo„ tbi.s point. JJe told fl.r,,, .l'"t "?"'^'' ' '"''''"^ ''"'^''^ army in the field it wa.s -'bi.s duty" faithful v ' '" ''"";' """"!"'« the officer..; and it was "the duty of t e ' , '''""'' "'" '^"^'^^"^ "^ any and what reward M.onld'bo Pen I'"' w',' '' ^^■''^-^"-•-■ tho Sovereign to reconnnend eorp.s b , Hot ,^ ^^"/'^■"7-'-' 1^7 ary distinctions, bo obeyed tho e ri • ^ nd if " duties- but excepting when so ordered le d iT '"•" "' '"" Panofbisdut,.toin.er.reinthen;atr^;^-^^^^^^^ to be drawn f on. the actions 'T "T' ' '"'' '^ '^"-'-■»- are ^;i..;.-asbyno::rir:i,':;::'r^^^^^ of religi.M..' IIo ob..v..I fl , ni • • ^ "'"' ""("'rtaneo of lifelbe wa as.s ^li^'T? "'""''' "" "'^ -'"''"- te always evinced . 3., , :'"'i""^' '''^ ^'^''"« ^^--«-' ; and tl-o assb.tance^ebnp ;^:;""rV'"" '■" ^"'^-^ ^'"-"J i'ave conduct.' ^ ' "^ °'"'"^"^ r''""-''!-'^^^ and exemplary ' ^'^^ » Clcr^ryman's csliin.nio nf th.. n„i. • . 0.1. of .-ebru,.., ,H„, ,„„ „,.,e .rj^l < "l^: 'n' ''''' ■^"f"""-— ■ ^"'oa O.,avo, U.»t - .n...y person, .' iUero ^.^ C:^^ '''^ ■'r'"^:^'"" ""^ '""" — « ;.- -^=' " -«-. n. . . u. :^r:,;:::;;:;:— :-:;:::: ^.-r:;,:;::r ;:;:;::;;;::;;::::: :• - --^ ->- -^ ... ..,„„.. ,„,„,„, n.^ir;,:;;,;:;;;::;::;:--^---;; r^""^ ™ "- '^--'"'^ ^■-- ""■-•l-vou,, if ,„ ai„ „„, ,,^',„ , 2;. " '""" . ""^■™' "•'■- "'^«'-'^- 'Tom boi„, -'>; -*. 'n .n> o„„.,o,, .r*:^;;! TJz: t" ' """" ^"'"^'^- ^'- ^ '"^ ;::;;'7 '-•» - »'■■« ..--so. „:: :: , it:";:. ^: /"-'^"^ "^-'«"- .? 280 Liri: OK TIIH DLUvK OF WF.r.LIN'n'l'ON'. 11802. TIk' coiiditiiiii of tlio ]Jiiti:.Ii Hiililicr Ii'is ln'oii aiiiiiziii^'lv iinjtrovril niiifij iliu Will'. Tliu liiipo iif ri'Wiinl Ims bijcii Milistitiiteil tor tliu f.ar oi' |Miiii.>*liiiH'nt, as a stiijiulus to t'oiiduot. Diiiiiuitilu^d soi'vieo, com- foi'iMlilo barracks, pxid-condtict j)iiy and inodals, ^rratiiitics, pcn.sidiis, niul annuities, fafililios of colonial sottlenicut, and a jirufoiunco over otlior civiiian.s in woluction for onii)li)yinont after discliargo, are anion;,' tliu liriiclits conforfL'd upon tlio troops sineo 181.J. It may bo that tho Dako of NWdlin^ton did not oriyiniito any of tli-'.^o mca.suros — ho m.iy not liave coii.siderod it to como witliin the soopo -.'f lil.s duty to do so. As Coniniandi!r-in-(;liit'f, however, bo nuisr, have liecn consuilcd by tbo Socrolary at War and tlio War Mini.stcr; and luid iio not con- Bontud to tliu iinproveinoiit.s it is doubtful wlietlier ttl(|uetto would liavc allowed of their adoption. Hence, to the Duko belongs a lar;,'!! portion of the merit of having ameliorated tho condition of the Piiiyli-h Boldier. . Ill the di.-iposal of his patronage tho Piiko of Wellington was just, — and nioio than this, ho reconimciio'd justice to others.' There wa.s scarcely one ofliuer .vho served uud'.;" Iiiin, and rcniaiuud in the army o!!irr.i 111 which t!u!.v nro niMicli'J ; but It iii;\y bocnino otlienvlsc; mid yd, lill llic nlitpi) Iiiis in;M!e siiiiio pnii,'R"<^ llio ci)m;iiiiii'liii\' ollli'cr woiiM linve no kiii>wIoili,'i) of II, m.r cmill 111! Iiilericro. i;vfii iil hisl 111* liilerriTouco iiiiHt lio uuuloJ liy illscri'liiiii, (ilhcrwise he will do iiiiiru Imrm tliaii Kmid i mid U can in no f:i«i! bo »u eirocUuil iis Unit of a rciiiccliihlii cliTiijiiiiin." '■ A rucoiit wrllcr siiyi:— "Tho Dtilic wimM luit dn nn ipijiist nrt to plonwi liia imii «iiv('ri-l'j:ii. (VKirp-i! IV. 8;iid to liiui 0:10 day, ' .Arthur, tho ri'iiiinent Is vaoaiil, gazilio l,oril .' '"Imiiosslhle, and jiloase ymir Mujc-ty; thoro aro olIl,;er.> who havo sorvod the coiiiilry foi mam years whose liini come.'! Ilr-il.' "'Never niliiil, .\rtliur, i;MZetle Lord .' "Tlio Ddlie eaini) up to lowii, and ga/ciled Sir Ronald Fcrtfiisson. lie was then all iKUverfiil in tho cabinet n< well as ill the army, and Iho Kiiix, whoso character the Duko well nnderslooii, Mas ohli;^ed lo take the mailer wllh as i^ood a ^'raco as he was able. " .\ii "Ulcer in Ihe iirniy, pllll iili\ e, cvpre-'-i-oiii;ne:ided lo mo in tlie s;roa,;e..[ Uriii-i li; bis i\:l.. loii, (.eiieral .Mai ken/.i.', a very oKl IVieiid oT mino, "i;ut Uolli you and f, my dear Co:unel, masi ullencl to claims of .a siijicriur naUiro lo llio^g ISO'.'. J ^"'^i>nvi;.sHxsK or ,,.,,„,;, I'^'-P nioMr,!, to bo rli,,ii,i„ (^ ,„ , , , r"""v. M,„„. ,,.i,,,„ „f.„ •I"'"-^'';lo .-.„„na,Hl. .,L„ ,],,, "'"";""•''••"' '-nv,i,j^ ;':;■•;•'--'■ ti,.-, .o. ,,,;:; g'H.,|...,vi... p.,„sion., won. .,,„,„, '•"'"•'' "f "'" '"'uy i,. I,,,,,,, „. """■« •" serve them. If „„i„,,., .„ ', "'':, '•'^" "* >!"-" DnI;-'. o, ,„,,,„. ''^ "7 ";-""' "f ''- <• ...„.!;„!„,.; t,f' 7'";''-'^ " "'Is c; opinion, .1... „„t „„„„, ,„.„„_ "-Pnc^iy recoum..ua A.r „r.,„o,i„,. one wI,o In In r.-iir,l to your coniplnlnt that v„„r „,n,,. w,, .,., "■".-If «.thohea■ '•^"'''■• •'"*'"• -ny .-ommnnU in tho nd.l, il i., I,n„o.. .1 r ""^ ""'"''""' '"" '''•^^'^« "' '"' oHicer to servo ;•■"; «""- ...orit, X „,„ ,„„ ae,,,.,i,," ';t '"" "* ^~'" "<«-■" Tor cn,„;„v , ^88 LM'H UV 11 li; DllvK OK WKLMXUTOX. [I8C-J Tlio 14111 Light JJi'iigiHtiix, friim soiru! iiiisn^iprclioiiwiiin of ;ai order givt'ii lit till- Imlllc of Cliilliimwiilliili, ill till' I'mijaiib, iiml liivi'ii w.iy to II iiioiiic'iitary ininin. antl oi)loi|iiy wiin cnst ii|ioii timt di.'^liiifjiiislH li rc^'iiiiciit \>y HoiiK! ill-iiifipiiii(!ii jii-risons, Tliu iiolilo Dulco tooit an (i|i|)oi'iuiiity of t'Xti'iiuiitiiig their triniioniry rt'tiout. Ho did no in thcf^u wurdu : — "My Liirds, it U iiii|)os!«ihio to describe to you tin' Viiriely of uiruuin.itimcu.s wliicli nmy oeeasioii iiiistuko or di.Mirnmiii- iDoiit during an onga^'euicnt, in tlio operation!) of any ]iartieuhir force ir any iiarlieular nioini'nt. An imiuiry into thiHo ciieuni.-itaiKTM lint been iii»titut('d, and 1 iiavo Hcen tliu ro[iort of tlmt imjuiry. it ha|)pens tlmt tlieso cavalry had to conduct their oporutions over a country nuieli broken by ravines and rouj];h jungles, whieh tendered it inipiissible for the troops to move in liieir usual regular order. It happened that the oflieer couinmndiiig the brigade of which thitt corps formed u part, was woimdeil in the head duriii;,' the advance, and was obliged to ijuit the field. Tiio oflieer next iu comnumd being at a diHtnnco froui the spot, was not awaro that his coinnnindiiig (dliu'r was obliged to withdraw f'loiu the field. Under these circuinstaiiees. the word of coiuinaiid was given by some per.sou not au'thori.scd. and of whom no truce can bo found; and somo confusion took place, which from the crowd, and tlie circumstances of the moment, could not easily be remedied. ]Jut it was removed at last, and all were gut in order, and the corp.s successfully performed its duty, as I and other noble lords around mo have seen them perform it on other occasions. My Lord.s, these things may happen to any troo]is ; hut wo wh(bic fortunt' it has been to see similar engagements in tlic Held, feel what must be felt by all your lordships — that iho character of a corps must not betaken from them from scraps iu the newspapers; but the facts must bo sought in thu report of the Coniinander-iii- Chief, and in the ii'i|uiry m.idc by the proper parties — an inijuirv very difforei.t to that made by the publishers of ncwsjiaper.s. Tlic order was niade ; and it needs no one to be infurmed that amove- ment in retreat is not a movement in advance; but your lordships may be cnnvini^Hl. as I myself am. that the movement in retreat w;is one of those accidents which must occur occasionally, tind that iIil' corps to which it happened arc as worthy of confideiieo then as they have been since, as they were bcfero, and as I hope they always will be." U[H>n a previous occasion the Duko earnestly defended i.ie G2iiil Foot from a similar charge of jianie, The regiment had got iiilo momentary disorder at the battle of Ferozesliah. Mujor-Gencral Sir Harry Smith, an old officer, formerly in the 1892.] RiflfS. Ii.'ld tUo iinv bi-(ik( I til (TriiiHMit (,f III,. (! •' "iif Willi (I fi n. sjiii It. 280 I'" '/'J I lfo|„. C,,,. (i 'xpoi'tiMj ft-riii. 'J- K.illi "lit III iiiiiiiiudvi '" liilplticii '•». mill VC .11' W.lf* I'" 111 II piilil Pi SIX 'iiKC'l . . , ^■"''•^"'"^"/'"iiSii. I^.^,.,' • P""ll" "t, I,.„.,|, ""rn>gularu,i,ls,.v„g., wa..(-.rj. m.., . ' ' /\': ■•■■''■■"•">' f-r e,.n.,.„M.,| ;W.if. >„ ,|io If,„.,„, i„ „„ Acl. ,. • . "''•'"^■' ^^■"■^ ''"'"'"'l t- ill a J'Ctic. vvi.I. ...ore tlia„ Wa„,;: ^'IV" '''^^-^ ^^i'' ••'.•..■. S..M|I," 1.0 Haid, . i, „,. officer ,vl.„f,';."r"^''-' '-'^ir If-Vy before carried on under hia direetio ' , , "."''""■^' "l'-''"''-'-^ 1'4 by lier Majest,'. U,.ver„,.ic,.t, t V "^"'« .'"^^^ '"-■- -aUc^a "'"' ""' '-: - -ii.>« office;;:: r r,,;.'^ '■" "> -y t^u i, approve of all I.Ls oporution.s, .f the or f>';"/'''^""'ce, entirely troops, and of ,I,o .unui.o.ne t. . . , "'"1' ''° '"'^ ^''^■- '" '-i^ "and..,.' ^a-iioral of tlio forces and tlie.rM ''""° '^•^ "'" °^""- ••"to execution ,|,„ i,„,,„,,,.„^ ^n^^f!'V''T' '" ^'•'^-- '" '^-Ty To tli, .son. of descrvi ,ld n .'"''•^ ' ^"^■^"•"""^'-t." ^ upon the ,si.nplc plea tlia't tl.ei^^^^ H^ "'■'^'""'•^ ""J o^lic.. State' "* ^"""^'« J'ad dono their duty to tl.o "'™'"" " '"" ^»'"n..«o Of ...o „,''''''' "•"""'"'• ^•™^'^-. ".Mm,.. H.J - ."Wonoa,w,,o,. one a:,y„pe.„: ;';:;:;; -V'" """" "^ "">■ K-oU re!,m J ta" "«■" ...aki,,, .oiao ^,„,„| ,„ ; ^ ' ' ' " «'at.onea u, ,.,« ,o,v,. .„ „,,„. , ,^„,,^. , '■"-■'^■'- "f "u, y,.„„, ,e„„e,.L. . ,:; , f '"''"'^'"•'''y «"' -">• f-.iiy, ...„ ,„e « , ' Vol, II. 19 'y ni.i!iiijs me, a I a slranaer, an 'J ill) Lii'i-: t)i'' 'I'ln: ik;kh uk wi>;LLiNtJ'roN' [180. Allli-vuirli sdiiK! ImiHliv.ls of wmovitI onlers ai.d iiistnictiouM onmnut.'a fpnii tlic Duke's im-u, many of tluMU cn.'.nunng vri-y Mm.ll iiiMlU'rs. liut eni||1lU'iVi' (o I'.li' t'licr ;il iiitcrc-t of ili^eiiiliKC. iK-'Vur Wdi-ricil tl,o tioipH v,ll!i iRodlcss iTi.in..rs and Uijuiioti.iiis. IFi" oarcHl iioflniii; for a mini's (h'css— ho never freltcl himself ahniu the hmjrth of a beiivd or a whi>ker, or tlic number of buttons upon ii (■o;it— he knew exactlv where to dnnv the line between the Irivii.liiir ; which ooenpiea the thnuL'lits of t!ie martinet ami the minute puints wliich iiffectoil the ceouoniy of an army. Certainly no army cnuhl ho in a worse state of discipline than was the British army when the Duke succeeded to the Peninsular command ; and as certainly thtre never was an army in a finer and more efficient conditi^ni than ours iitthe moment" of the Duke's death. It is quite true that, in his Litter days, ho committed the principal part of his duties of the command-in-chief to his Military Secretary and the adjutant-General, but they had served lonir enou-h under him to become so uu)cuh.ti.d with hii system and familiar with his thou-hts, that all went on as it- he wore still the active head of militarv alfair.s. The '•Despatelu-s" of the Duke of Wellington, publislied some years since, after careful collatimi, by Cob)nel (hirwood, the Did;es esquire, are the most remarkable compositions of the kind extinit. As eon'tributimis to history— indeed no cu'rect history of the time could be written without access to them— as vindicatimis of the reputation of the Duke, to the extent not only of making char what was doubtful, but of giving to all the finer p liuts of ins character a remarkable salience— as guides to future eonuu:inders- they are of incalculable value. No man in the universe could form an approach to an estimate of the Duke's true worth until these cxtia- ordinary " Despatches" wore made public. Mr. Charles Phillips, once a celebrated barrister, now honourably and faithfully he„.„ry of (lie l:.le illMslrious Duko of WMli,..-!.,.,, i.n.l ll..,t ilic coimtry U moiirni.i:,' over Ins i.,,r, I ,„:,v b.. „llow..,l to Orop o„ his loiuU tl.o only tribuK- m my power lo pay his .ncin«ry-» ' ■ , . " Voitr oboilit'iit ."crvanl, grateful tear. „ [Xh!" k'itcr !s il'ily nnlhentlca'oi.l S852.] THR DUKE'S DESPATCHES. 291 elmuceopon Iiis marvellous ' Dcsnatn1,o« > i , there road ti.e solution of hl^i^T^^' 'f '« satisfied. Ho „„y «ot on the ba.tle-fiold alone ^iC^^.J^' "''" ^'V" ^"^ '"' "'^'^ victories. It was over the n,nj, ^../L , ";"""='"''''^'- S^^'^'^'i Ins vvas in the careful retrospect o(\Jt 'V''^*'^"*' '^t "'^Juii^l.t. It rience. It was in tho profound refl ion 'T'T''' ?'"°"^ "' ''^'^^ -in a sagacity aln.o.st^nstinetivo-- rp^'^'^^^ , f - --' "^'er' in tho vgilance that never slumberc^-^tho ? ^"' "''^''''•'^J- -tho cautious, well-digested, d p,,- d'-^d" "^ ""'"• '''''' formation, but, once fonned, index ot^^ ^''^'''' «'°^^ ^^ v^hich enslaved renown-theso were ho c^;; 7"'°/''° ^^'«^^« fortune. All extraordinary as these 'Z T f ''^"*='' ^'"'"^'•^d most curious feature they'^re'en the ' ?' '''' P"''=^P^ ^''° -turity of character. 'l^rt efpl: ^ ^"^ '""-^^^^« growth, yet made of adamant. Tln.e has u ," ' T'''''' was at Serl„gapatan.-such wa. he t V^^tc" o f f '. . 7"''^' '° Waterloo, he is at this very moment Th V ^'7 ""'' ^° "^"'^ "^^ no ancing by his presence any great and wnll , P"^^'° °^ counten- all supplied n.otives for tl^^vis t/to TW t "''•^' establishn.ent- '^ season," the Duke of Wei i, ^ ^ ," L, !? '^' '^'f^'-- I" ^I^^ 11.0 nobility with his presenef. I wa a "^ ""°""' ^''° P"''''^ "^ strength and his zest for social interlurse t J V" °/ '"^ ^^'^'^ same n.ght, at two or three different reZl'ni """' °^''"' '"^ '^' Before the Duke had lost his hearing, and while tho A • certs were yet in vogue, his passion fL ^"°"="' ^on- from his father, was lllowrd S latitu L iS ""f ''? ''^'-'^^^ harmony" as developed in the J^tofu^^^"'^"''''''^' director of the Ancient Concert? L h d " ,' ""'^ ^'""' '' ^ gramme, he invariably chose t e p'o e i 1 ? T'"'"'^ f *''^ Pe- ters. This was in complete harmony ht„f T'' '''"'""^ "^"«- His niece, the Countess of WesrorelnS Tf^'f"''' "^ '"« ">i"d. sic, and her husband, long Wra t^,!' '?"? ''''' ^'' '»"■ ghersh, was a compos'er of no Zn taste 'Ttr''^ '''''' ^- was ahvays interes ed i„ his wo.n 1 ''''^"^- '^^' ^"^0 Countess's sa^Ve,, ,„.«-,«^ X'Z >' T"!,''"* ^"<^"*^''"' "* '^'^ share of the Duke's counttancf ^HeTeletXTrT^^^ ^ ^^'"^^ annum to the institution, and his pu" o C nf ^ '^'^ '°'^^- ^'^ Hiusicians. , And " alth ugh it nnTLr ''^'' "^'" '" '^"'"'''''^ Duke would only have «i°^„ Lis n 7- """^^"''^ *^^* '^<^ the Ancient Con' ertJ, s'l nrv S" "/ ''"f"'" '' ^^'^'^ "^ he never knew any director of tnt IT. ' '°"'^"'''"'' '''''' '^'^^ no longer exists)'; J; „ 1 e^n "J (^^'"«'^' ^"^-^--tely, ;S;r Henry bas been eonne:;L,t g^T: 1^ ^ r^^''^^ like attention to the whole nviitor w7! °'°'^ ^'""^^"g'l ■^"ess- having undertaken it o 1 , , ^^'''^*<=^'<^^ *!>« »"ke undertook, ofhis\wntm':di;i's;ier: \tr:Lf-t"'^^^ ''°"^"* °"^ that was the great idea a i; b to 'h ' T ' ^'T'^ ^"'• the fullest extent of his abilities H ^ "^ " °"* *" gramme,, which he eorlLd t ' altereVSr?" T':''" U» director l,.vi r.u° °, •'"',''"■«<"'»» f«H». nigU, each of 268 LIFE ar THE DUKK OF Wl-;LLIK(VfOX. [1852 rulc3 for their guidnnoL- as to tlicoutlay ; but tlio Duko'd first renjark to Sir Iluiiry Bishop used tu bo, ' I must Iiuvo a good concert.' Wh(Mi Sir Henry gently hinted at times that his Grace was exceed- ing the prescribed limits, the Diiko u.scd to reply, ' Never mind tiie expense— I will pay the difi'orcnee.' It ia stated, tliat if the amount of excess thus incurred by the Duko had been charged, it would bo no inconsiderable sum. The punctuality of his Grace iu iiis attend- ance was very remarkable. It was customary for each director to give a dinner to his brother directors prior to the concert ; to these dinners tho conductor was invited. The first time Sir Henry (tlicn Mr. Bishop) dine: at AptOoy House, in the evening of the concert, lie kept looking at his Wii.tcli I'ter the dinner, anxious not to be over time for the departure to the Ilanovcr-sriuarc Rooms. The Duke looked at Sir Henry Bishop and asked if it were time to go. Sir Henry replied, ' There is yet a quarter of an hour to spare' ' Very well,' rejoined his Grace; 'remember, Mr. Bishop, we are under your orders.' Sir Henry was conversing with Lord Ellenborougli, , and the Duke got into earnest conversation with a noble director, when suddenly his Grace broke off and turned round to the conductor and said, ' It is time.' Sir Honry looked at his watch, and found the quarter of an hour had elapsed to a second ; a fact which tl)e Duke was conscious of without reference to a time-piece, and in the midst of talking !" And this brings us to a feature in the Duke's character which occupies nearly the highest place among the Christian virtues — his charity. With him particularly the word had a large signification. He gave freely — but Lis right hand knew not the actions of the left He abhorred ostentatious benevolence, and if he did not positively enjoin silence, he distributed aid in such a wiiy that it was always inferred he did not desire publicity. He loved " to do good by stealth "and did not care to " find it fame." His generosity caused him tdv victimised occasionally by misrepresentation ; but ho ratiier preferred being swindled to magnifying the importance of his bounty by too minute an inquiry into the justice of its application Nor was the Duke's charity confined to his pecuniary "iargcssc,"- — he employed it, in its largest and noblest sense, to " cover a multitude of sius." Ho reproved gently and sorrowfully — endeavored to find excuses for the erring — and never allowed, himself to repeat the evil words wliich found currency at the expense of otiiers. Look at his De- spatches and Ordor.s. The name of every man wliom tlie Duke found occasion to praise is given at full leugth ; the name of every object of reprehension i.» oarefuUy concealed from public view. Waa 1882. ] not this '.harity ? But I escollonc He love were coni of tho n( which pi( oli\'e-bran them with beyond al he was kii '• tho old ] a passing little son < table and r 1882,] "IS LOVE OP CHILDnL^V. "»' «... loflj!_„, . tt» ^"t tJiero was yet anofl.n. • o^collenco of the old soldfe . .e..r"'r;''"°° which indicated f^ He loved children, and cmlTLllt 1'° ^"''°"- of M tn„?; we cont.„„„,_,,e was the godf^t e of a""' "'^ P'«-"*« *« E ?-r'jfj^-rt:}~^*^^^^ ohve-hranches of so^e nolehou tpS ?"' ^^''"^ "^ ^'-t^ f?\* tbe d Duke." and for all he had a nod """^''^ '^''^^'<^^ know a passmg word. An incident has bn ° ' "i " """"' * «""'» coin or ll'"o follow nftorC J '^ """ "'^"'"S » gomlen a„ "1 "^ "■" "^"^ "••<"» hope jou will excuse L "'"'"" '"I'''^'. "« wna mv „ ^*^' '""' '""ncllaMy not know vou i.„h „ ^ ""' '' ""Ihiiiir; r wi« ..„ . " '"'" ^ur --....;:,:r, rmr;, ": '■■■ - '-•■■"• '-^'z-ir ■ '" longed the boy to a . ""'"«"", «na silting dowa by I'l ,"""''• ^"o ^'^o K»me; but he laid a Irnn f,,. ^* """'«'" ' should have r.^,. I, ^ ^"^ --. ".e «-e::j:r;oT;:i;:'r "^"-^ ' •"" - «^- " irr 300 LIFT' OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1862 cannot liavo forgotten tliat, as Colonel Wellosley, Iio adopted tlio Hon of the iiostiie brigand Dooiidia Waiigli, and, when lio fputted India, loft seven hundred pounds boiiind him for the boy's bcnuflt. In all tho minor affairs of life the Duke of Wellington was remark- able for his preeision and exactitude. If he gave an order he required its literal ftilDlment, and would get "terribly angry" if ho had frequent occa;f '«3t " All the vun-ous adv^nta" fT''''' '''^^^^' "-«o of pe-e,vc by the Duke, .bo becle C . A-'"'^"' '^^'^ '-'-^^ patron of the finn. The chief pZLoV t "' ' '^'^'^ »"<^ --m ';« G.ace all the pocket-room h wa,. d ^ '7'"' ^'""'''^'^ 'ogive ^- coats were cou.plotely studded w In T". '"'' *''° ^'"''''g^ "^ «» :'-r"eke(« of a shooting coat < y ,' '*!' J''' ^''^'"^ed the i- '"Hny papers to ca^ry in then, "^w"'" • ''^ ^°"^ ^^'^ «'«"« "'"7"gl. they roprcseuted [hat he' ■ / ^" '^'P'-^^^'"""- ^ow, --'J be thu3 removed, v^ it i.^'" '"'T °' ''' '--'-» ••^l"y -eived was, ^ ^;:^f ::- ^^f -icity, the only So attached was the Duko to r.,.7^- ;;'^-;:g to a„ artist he wus ah a ' /Jj^r" '" ^" *'''ng«, that when *'- i'toneaa • and be has been lo^n to L\ 1"' *'" "^^^^'^"^^ "^ ^nown to take the compas-e., from a 302 LIFE OF TUB UUKK OP WELLINOTOW. [188?. sculptor, and aicortuiii thu prooiHO proportions of hia own i'cuturos, and jLeii comparo tlioiu with tlio clay reprcsuntativo. The Duko was naturally very frequently HolicitoJ to sit for his bust or bis pioture ; and though hu had as littlo vanity ns may fall to the lot of a civilized being, ho good naturcdiy yielded, if the party to be obliged was worthy of the couipliinent. The public claims upon him in this respect were numerous. Every town in the slightest degree connected with him, or in a condition to render honour to his Grace, sought his effigy in one shape or another ; and some, either defieiunt of the means to render him honour, or preferring that his greatness should be perpetuated by columns visible from a distance, commemorated bis services in obelisks. Thus there is an obelisk in Trim, the bor- ough ho represented when the Hon. Arthur Wesley. Ahcre is a similar edifice at Wellington, in Somerset, which may bo (discerned at a very considerable distance, from the elevated position 7U10I1 it oooupiea. OBELISK AT WELUMOTOK, SOMEaSETSIilBE. Ireland long entertained an idea that the Duke of Wellington cherished no love for his native country. This arose, perhaps, from bis disinclinatioa to visit Ireland when " duty" did not call him ■■■•ys^^trr^rt"- 18S3.] TOE DUKE AND TIIR iRrs„. 809 thero ; and from some cxprcsHionM »!.; .. i yarding the oufagoous ^^^7'"^ "^ "-'f "ally dropped ro- parties i„ tho country, wl,o„ l.^ '„«"'"■"" "^ ^""' »''« violent auxiety for tho -ettlenfo'nt of L C Ilt'"'"^ '" ''''"'''■ "'« execution of tho I'oor Law ,nu,t Imv ''"'"""'' """^ '■'^'- »''« ^"o ji^e belief i„ ,,, „„,,„,.^ „„^ iu^ .r/"::;; r-''-' -" "-t that w.thin a year of his death ho iZZ \ ." " '1""° •'«^''^'" only have proceeded from a true Mile" ia„. _.''''"'''"'"'' "^'''^ '^""'^ Whatever tho received opinion may have V,..nn . i • , nffectiou for Ireland, there is little mur . """'""S ""' ^"^''''^ Ireland held her he o ; for M o ,r;;';,"^ ''" '•<^^''P-' "-'"^1. the people of Dublin, a^ well '; . TS^:^^^^ 'r"' ""^ honour. "* ^""') ^uised a column in hia I. i. u.„.„..„, „ „„„„„.,„ „„ ,,^^ ^___^^^^__^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ' Tho following letter nppearoU In .ho /J«A/.„ fy„„„. , , denial .,f ,„o l,.te D„Ke of ^Ne„|„«ton of hi, countr] :- '*"" '"'■'"'"'=* '° ">« """S"! "lUELAND AND THE DIKE „P^,^,^,^.,^^^^^ "to Tn« SDITOR or TU, rK.KMAN. •'».H,-IJavi„tf, ,|„eo tho .lenlhoriho Inm,.„u..| hc« «h ««nUlVo,„K.„ily Mal,.,l ,|„a ih„ ,,„e n„u. ,„ u I ,! ; '"""""" »'" '^' J*^' unlombej, counir,', I have bee,. «„„„„„.„ ,.,. ^v ,1. , "" ""'" ">^K""«l"'«''d Ir.lan,! „, |.|, which tck place »o mvndv «, ,hc oarlv n.rt „r . ;^'l*»'«'«"ont of Soienco u, ]i,,f„„, ""^- ^ -in. ^ :' :,e 1 :: ; — '"; ;'""'^- '"" ^"''-■" --^ -"- Of .he «wc,l n,u,li„ ....u.urncu.ro in "1, 1 " "' '""' " ''"'-"""»• |.roun.„ ».aM .h,.. ,„ the ..our. or im^^^^tL^Z^r '"T '""''^''''' '^'^ "»'"- at U.elr exrelle,,,.., „„d ml,le,l,-.rhi, I, .he „ i ""'" ' ""'''"»"'''>"•»-.■" •"."i.rmM,,,. Clou, to ,0. Ihe attention „, re„, „„„ .„o,v .Z . le Duk 7 '" T "^"""""^ " '^ """• roiuilry, '^""'^ '""' "" '••■'Hallon In ackuo«leJglng hi. "59, m,tl„„,l-li„r. DuW.W " ' """'' "'" '"""""■ '" '^™al". "•'"UN Mu; ]:r ORi„T. » •• \\l.ii« Mi,l„o., M„,o ll.o ,„„,„orial ,v., k.ep „.. <'fi,IMh„t,l,„,|arkhnn,l„fde,!i,.v«e:,vo- " noohle her the (ienl,,, of Krin ,|oo,l weepiiiK ' I'or her. vv,„ the ,,i«ry il,„t blotted .h„ leavLi But oh I how ,he tear In her oyelIdH Kreiv bright ^\ l.en, nner whole page, of «ormw and shame, ^'ln'Riiw llis!ory write \\'iih a pencil of light, Which lll;.,„e.J the whole vohtme. hor Wellington's natne !" ' !' If f 804 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. [1852. great man's memory. It will be sufficient to say that in the selection of localities for effigies in Lis honour, the Tower of Loudon, of which ho was long the constable, was not omitted. STATUE AT TBK TOWER. Yet is not the desire of Great Britain to perpetuate the renown of the incomparable Ficld-Marsiial exhausted. Tlie receipt of the news of his demise was followed by the declaration of the resolution of various towns — the principal ones in England — to commemorate his vast achievements by more statues, more busts, more columns, — all upon a scale of magnificeneo suitable to their great and interesting object. And still more worthily to transmit the mighty name to posterity, and to associate it with high and benevolent purposes, the Queen of these realms sanctioned the circulation of a proposal — which her Majesty at once supported by a subscription of one tliousund pounds — that a memorial of the Duke should be established it. the form of a school or college bc.iving the name of " Wellington," for tlie gratuitous education of one hundred of the children of impoverisiied military officers. It was i-^timated that the proper endowment of the college would require an outlay of one hundred thousand pounds, inddpendently of the sum required for the building. No better testimony to the ardour with which the country has responded to the I8«2.] FINAL TRIBUTE. proposition can be supplied tl.on n- . . '^* lation of the sehe.e ^^t;\ , i:;/'^ "/"-onth of the eircu. wh.lo this volume passes throuTt ! ^ ^"^ '"•'■^"''""^J ! and attachment are hourly swelling tie td'"w«r'"° T^''''"^ ""d the >V^elhngto„ College will bc^an honot t M ^^' '""^ ^^'''^^^ ""^^ con.„,emorate Authur AVelleslev t, J n '°"°*''^' '^"*^ ^°'-t''ily uxoTo., of whom it has been justh. IZ b ^^ ^"''^ °^ ^^'^'- interpreter of British opinion/th.t «' !' ^•*''° P"^^--^"' '^"•'•nal extraordinary, but his character wa eau TT °' '''" '''*' ^-° tlie very type and model of an EngUsin Z";""'" ^^° ^''^ prone to mvcst the worthies of form!?', t ' ^'"'"S'' '"'^" "re tl.ey commonly withhold from Zr^T ' ' ''""""''^ ^'^ --it none from the long array of our clJTrr"''''' ""' '''' ««l«°t for all in all, can claim a rivalry w fh hLl"'^ "'''''- -^°. taken us, an inheritor of imperishable fame » '' ^°''° ^^'^ ''"'°"S«t 20 ' I' 'li If^l 806 LIFE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, ri863. CHAPTER XXIII. The Titles, Honours, ond Descent of the Duko. HEN the body of the great Duke descended to the tomb, the Gartor King at Arms proclaimed his titles and honours : — " Arthur Welles- ley," he said, "was the Most High, Mighty, and most Noble Prince, Duke of Wellington, Mar- quis of Wellington, Marquis of Douro, Earl of Wellington in Somerset, Viscount Wellington of Talavera, Baron Douro of Welles- ley, Prince of Waterloo in the Netherlands, Duko of Ciudad Rodrigo in Spain, Duke of Brunoy in France,Duko of Vittoria, Marquis of Torres Vedras, Count of Vimiero in Portugal, a Grandee of the First Class in Spain, a Privy Councillor, Connnander-in-Ciiief of tlio British Army, Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, Colonel of the Rifle Brigade, a Field-Marshal of Great Britain, a Marshal of Russia, a Marshal of Austria, a Marshal of France, a Marshal of Prussia, a Marshal of Spain, a Marshal of Portugal, a Marshal of the Nether- lands, a Knight of the Garter, a Kniglit of the Holy Ghost, a Knight of the Golden Fleece, a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, a Knight Grand Cross of Hanover, a Knight of the Black Eagle, a Kniglit of the Tower and Sword, a Knight of St. Fernando, a Knight of William of the Low Countries, a Knight of Charles III., a Knight of the Sword of Sweden, a Knight of St. Andrew of Russia, a Knight of the Annupciado of Sardinia, a Knight of tiie Elephant of Denmark a Knight of Maria Theresa, a Knight of St. George of Russia, a Knight of the Crown of Rue of Saxotiy, a Knight of Fidelity of J 852.1 »_„ THE DITKE'S ORDERS. Baden, a Knight of Mirim.-i- x ^^'^ Spa,n, a Knight of the Rod l^f :f ^^J f ' Hennonogik ll of St. Januanus, a Knight of the GoiLt ""''"'■«''' * Knight a K...ght of the Lion of Baden, a Knf^f " "^r. '' «--' «--ol, - Lord Il.gh Constable of Engl '? /p ^^'''' of Wurtomburg t^'o Constable of Dover Caatfe aI , ^""''^'^'^ °f tl'e ToJ Chancellor of the Cinque Ports Snluf'^'n'" ^'"^'^ ^^-'^ Lieutenant of Harapshire Lord 1 T *'" ^'"1"« Port.s Lord JJangerofSt. Jan.ei:sP^.l.^l'„,t;^^^^^^^^^ of^'-o Tower Il.'i M.t.ofthe..,House,a.or^^^^ the Duke of Wellington's nierit " /"^ ''°"°"''«-- «"d '^^^^ generals, the Peerage and Gra^ C oss oH ^^ f'°" '' -•'^'""y Lave been the linuts of his elemion B /m n '' "^"'"^ P^bubly • universal. Ever, nation onlrfaee^.f ^t'^ -viees w^ England by political ties and sy'Vlll? • "'""' ^°°"««'«d -ith cxpeneneed the benefit, of his 3ta ' 1 n ' '° °"° ^'■'^ "^ another, endeavoured to eviuee its ^^^^'u'^'''!''^''''''-^''^^'^^'^ rank of its nobility. The Bule wJntrV";" ", ''^^ ''^''^' ' Batons g.ven to him by the Allied Z ■ "^ "S'" ^^Lirshals' described :_ ^ '^"'^'^ Sovere.gns. They may be thus The Baton of Porturr,] ;, „? i ■ , , The Bdton of Prussii w .,f i • , , °'^'"o'al. -ntation;itbear:r4^'^:;: : f!^'.-V^ of classic orna- ' of sovereignty. ^ ^"''^ ''"' ^'"^'^"'S the sceptre and orb The Baton of England is of mh^ 1 • group of St. George and the Dralo'n" This T'T""'"'^ ^•"' '''' nch m Us decoration; and at tC , '!. '"^'"^ '« excessively inscription:*- ' "^ ^^'' ^'"' "^ it is engraven this From Li8 Royal Highness Rt-'^ent of the United Kin{jJo,„ of Groat 13,ituiu and Ireland. to AeTUUU, MAttQfKSS OK W,LU.^,o^ KG Iield-Mar8hal of England. ISIS. * PLATE I. 1. The Geoi'gc. 2 and 3. Insignia of the Oriler of the Bath. 4 and 5. Order of the lied Eagle of Brandenburgh (Prussia). 6 and 1. Order of the Holy Ghost. 8, 0, and 10. Insiguia of the Order of the Garter. * PLATE II. 1. Ordor of the Golden Fleece (Spain). 2 and 3. Order nf -^t. Jiinuarius (Naples). 4 and 6. Order of tlie Elephant (Denmark). 6 and 7. Supreme Order of the Aunonciade. 8 and 9. Order of the Black Eagle (Prussia). PLATE IIL 1 and 5. Wurtcmburg Order of Military Merit. 2 and 3. Order of the Tower and Sword (Portugal)L 4. Order of the Sword of Sweden. 6 and 7. Order of St. Andrew (Russia). W , "* 4'^ # ^i,X^'". ' *i"l.^ > m sy-. ■^ WEI.I.J?fST0:-.-S 0.;rKHS AiiU B»C0RATI0K8.— PLATE II. *•,'««*:"!. K .^P WE th! I WBU,INOTOVS ORDERS AND DEC0RATI0N8.- , 1 P1.ATE m. TIio B;Uon of tLo Notliorlands Tl,;« • /. , i"t.oJuucJ very tastefully. Tho .n, s ; ^'"f oruan.ent.s bei„g upper ,livi«i„u. " "^ "'^ ■Nethcrla.id.s nro iu tho The Hilton of Spain. Like th'it of P * i • . ,Z ""™' "'"" "°™ •" '"• ""^» «'• elvo. iS 1 „..„d By tho constitution of En.^IanJ a Tl,.i. j who attended Lady Jlorniimh.n „Lr. «i * "'-"'-e oi tlie old nurso li«l. that no. ruined :::::; .TuTitTt' •^' •: '' '''''■ ..ore reliablo authority that h s Gra /^as bo „ " '?" T' '^ Dublin. The nu..e. in her evidence zl"v j b '""n T"' •n.ttee on the Tri.n petition which disnu ed " tl o I on r" ^vT IcsloyV-nuajonty, stated that ho was bon> „M ah N -m'" T''' made clear that tho first of Mav 1 7(^1^ .1 , "^ " ''"' '''='=" ushered into tho world Tho f^^t If ^T ^7 "' "'''°'^ '"^ '''' 816 LIFE OF THE P^JICE OP WELLINOTOy. [less EUcwhoro ( Vppendix) is given a curious paper on the Cowley or Colloy family, wl>o wore ancestors of the Duke of ■\VclliiiRton. It- would seem, however, from tlio results of tlio invoctigation of a distin. guiHhed antiquarian, that his Graco owned royal descent, havinj? eonio down, in an unbroken lino, from the royal bouse of PlantaRcnet, and was consequently of kin, tbougli Tcmotely, to Queen Victoria. This royal descent has been tlius explained : — " Kdward I., King of England, had by his Quonn, Elooncr of Cnstilo, several children, of whom the eldest son was Kin:! E.'ward II.. and the youngest daughter, the Lady Elizabeth Plantagonr% wife of Hum- pbry do Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, Cons nble of England. King Edward II„ as is of course well known, was ilircct ancoslar of the subsequent Royal Plantagenets, whose eventual heiress, the Prin- cess Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV . married King Henry VIl, and wa^ mother of Margaret, Queen of Scotland, from whom Queen Victoria is eleventh in descent. "Reverting to the Lady Elizabeth Plantagenet. daughter of King Edward L, and wife of Humphry do Bohun, Eurl of Hereford and Essex, wo find that she was mother of a daughter. Lady Eleanor do Bohun, who mar?ld James, Earl of Ormonde, and was ancestress of tbo subsequent peers of that illustrious house. Pierce,. the eighth Earl of Ormonde (sixth in descent from the Lady Elizabeth Planta- genet), Lft, with other issue, a daughter, Lady Ellen Butler, who married Donogh, second Earl of Thomond, and was mother of Lady Margaret O'Bryen, wife of Dermod, Lord Inchiquin, and ancestress of the later barons of that title. Tho Hon. Mary O'Bryen, daughter of Dermod, Eftb Lord Inchiquin, married Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Armagh, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and had by him a daugli- ter, Eleanor Boyle, who became tho wife of the Right Hon. William Hill, M.P., and grandmother of Arthur Hill, first Viscount Dungau- non,'whose' daughter, Anne, Countess of Mornington, was mother of Arthur, first Duko of Wellington, who was, through those descents, nineteenth in a direct unbroken line from King Edward I." The gentleman who has been at the pains to ftirnish tho foregoing interesting particulars, adds : — " The curious in matters of pedigree may be still further pleased to learn that his Grace was thirty-second in a direct dosceut from Alfred the Great, and twenty-fifth from William tho Conqueror, his Grace's lineage from those famous warriors coming to him through King Ed- ward I., who was grcat-great-great-grcat-grandson of tho latter, and a descendant in the thirteenth degree of the former." ■^■r, .• -i-k i,_.i „ ,f»,..n,l iinnn liio fJmnfl and tli6 choioa 18CJ.] WELUINoroJJ, IN 80MEI13ET. 817 of the ocal.ty was left to l.i,n..,lf, 1,„ ,,i,,,,^ Mrellin.fon i„ So .orno y. partly because he wa. lord of the n.anor of Uvfli ' ',o " and partly bccuu.o of i.. contiguity to '• ^'cley --tho vil'aJ Sioh border ot SomorHet, ,« an ancont an.l roHpoctablo murkot-t-.w,, and a pan«l, H.tua near the To„o„ .„ tl,o hundred of King.hury We" in ^.0 muou of us o.u name, and on the lino of the Groat^Ve ;rn Kiiilway. The manor, whieh aniicars to ; , , „. • » "^-storn by the proud Duke oi Son^rseTX w. boi: Id?;,"- VT '*"'" tl.o Ore t,who wa« presented to the . ..a.r bv .hat monarch Oa A88er-8 de..th, the manor was tran«fo.roC il^o nishon ofti V ereeted diocese of Weil, by whose sueoesso. it^ "i:";! 'i '^r.te" of tJ e Domesday survey, in which it is »vrit,on AValintonc ..Ir '""'" /' I**"""' '"'' " "'"" '" '''"«'''' ''•"1 °°"«i«'« of five streets, respectively named High Street, Fore Street, Mantle Street South Street and North Street; the prlneipul one be ,g Fo Street wluoh contams the Market House, a handson.o and^ comn.o S modern strueture ; t e upper part appropriated as a Town Hal a" Uead.ng Room, and the base of the eorn and provision market. The only e,tens.ve branch of munufaetuve carried on at Wellington is that of serges and woollens, steam being now the power prineipally employed m fabricating these artieles. ^ ^ The parish ehurch dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is a handsome Goth,e buddn,.., av.ng a nave, chancel, north and south aisles, a^d two c apes; at the west end is an embattled tower, adorned wi"h puurne es, having a turret on tho south si.le. In the interior i3 a beauuful monument to Sir John Popham, who held the high office of Chief Justice of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and J7'i, XV w'".f ? " "''"'■"S- '" '''" i ■■''••°""g« '^"J incumbency f t e Rev. W. W. Pulman. In the western portion of the town is a handsome modern church, built ehi.fly at the expense and endowed by a former patron o"^ the church . ' St. John the Baptist. Here ,re a^so places of worship fur Independents, Wesleyau Methodist.s; Bapt,s 8, he Society of Friends, and Plymouth Brethren. In 1004 but rebu.lt m 1833, almshouses were founded and endowed by Sir John Popham, who resided at Wellington Court House. Market, are held on Thursdays for corn, and all sorts of provisions ; and fairs are holden on the Thursday week before Easter, and on Thursday IT. .tr ^\\''^^''^^'- The parish contained, ai the last oensul 318 LITE OF THE DUKE OP WELLINGTON. [185i. In the civil war, at the period of the mcmorahle siege of Taunton, ihe rebels gained possession of Wellington by stratage^ and held out for some time against the King's forces under Sir Richard Grenvillc. . ■■- , <. .i -ii The people of Wellington have not been unmindful of the illus- trious hero who has conferred celebrity upon their town. A monumental obelisk in honour of the Duke of Wellington was erected in comftiemoration of the crowning victory ho obtained at Waterloo ; and in the vicinity of this memorial is annually held a fair on the day of the battle, June 18. From the crest of the hill the eye ranges over a vast extent of rich and varied scenery ; and on a clear day many a gleaming sail may be descried upon the Bristol Channel. On the southern side of the wall is the boundary line of the counties of Devon and Somerset. , ,. , , , Since the death of the Duko of Wellington, the obelisk has been examined by Mr. Paul, of Taunton, architect, and is reported by hira to bo badly built, and so dilapidated as to endanger its stability. Some of the plinth has already fallen. A subscription has been opened for the repair of the memorial ; and it is proposed to carry out the original design of placing a bronze statue of the Duke on the top, and erecting a building for three military pensioners to take charge of the monument. It has been stated (Vol. I.) that the Duke of Wellington was married in 1S06 (10th of April) to the Hon. Catherine Pakei.ham, third daughter of Edward Michael, second Lord Longford. By her (who was born in 1772, and died in 1831) ho had issuo- I Arthur Marqnis of Douro, ^vho bucoc.hIs ns secnnd Duke of Wellington hL^ is a Colonel in the avn.y. He was bo-u 3.d February 1807 an J married. 19th April, 1839, L.uly Elizabeth Hay. fourth ,lau^. er ot the Marqui8 of TweeJJale, Av.ich la.ly was born 27th September 1820. II Lord Cn.u.ES W.:....eslkv, M.l>. for Windsor, a Colonel m the anny, bo.n 16th January, 180t . man-ied 9,h July. 1844. Augusta ^"I'l"'^^;;''; child of the Right Hon. Ileuvy Manvers Pierrepo,^, broth.,- of L.ul M... ■ i rs, and by her (who w., born 30,h May, 1820) has had '''--^--f ;' ' Ln 5.h May. 1815 ; died Uh July, 1816 ; Henry, bora 5th Apn , 1810 ' thur Chavies, bor.i 15th March. 1849 ; and two daughters, to the eldest ,.f ^vhom, Victoria Aloxandrina, her Majesty stood sponsor m person. His Grace's Niiphew.s and Nieces wore as follows :— '. dliam, present Earl of Mornington ^ Cliildren of Win. Lady Mary Charlotte Anne Bagot. who died in 1845 i -^vg,ij,i,.,. p„i,. Lady Eniilv Harriet, wife of Lord Fitzroy Somerset )■ ^,,^.^.,, ^,^^.^ ^f Lady Pri. ula Auue, married to the Earl of Wcstmore- j,i,„.„i„gi„„. land ■^ 1852.] THE DUkE'S DESCENDAXTS. 819 OLarlcs WcUesloy George Grenville Wtllcsloy Mavy Sanih, Viscouutoss Clielsoa Cecil Elizabeth, uife of the Hon. George A. F. LiddoU j Hemy Riehm-,1 Charles, second aud present Lord Cowley 1 The Hon. William Wellesley "'-owuy The Hon. and lUy. Gerald Wellesley, Rector of Strath- J^^^'i^^y^ Children of Th^ Hon. Charlotte Arl.uthnut, ,,-ife of Lord Robert T "'"''y- ^'^''^t ' ,rd Children of the Hon. and Rev. Gerald Vaiei'ian Wellesley, D.D, Cowley. Grosvenor H(,n. bir Henry Lytton Bulwer, G.C.B. H i{; APPENDIX No. I. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON AS A GENERAL. The Duke of Wellington's campaigns furnish lessons for generals of all nations, but thoy must always be peculiarly models for British commanders in future continental wars, because he modified and reconciled the great principles of art with the peculiar difficulties which attend generals controlled by politicians, who, depending upon private intrigue, prefer parliamentary to national interests. An English commander must not trust his fortune. He dare not risk much, however conscious he may be of personal resources, when one disaster will be his ruin at homo. His measures must, therefore, bo subordinate to this primary consideration. Lord Wellington's caution, springing from that source, has led friends and foes alike into wrong conclusions as to his system of war. The French call it want of enterprise, timidity ; — the English have denominated it as the Fabian system. These are mere phrases. His system was the same as that of all great generals. He held his army in hand, keeping it, with unmitigated labour, always in a fit state to marcli or . fight; and, ti. .' prepared, ho acted indifferently, as occasion offered, on the offensive or defensive, displaying in both a complete mastery of his art. Sometimes he was indebted to fortune, sometimes to h'u natural genius, but always to his untiring industry — for he was emphatically a pains-taking man. That he was less vast in his designs, less daring in execution, neither so rapid nor so original u commander as Napoleon, must ba admitted,, and being later in the field of glory, it is to be presumed that he learnt something of the art from that greatest of all masters ; yet something besides the difference of genius must bo allowed for tb« di&r«uco of aituatioa. Napoleon was never, evan iu bis fir3t APPJi^VulX. 321 campaign of Italy, so liarasseJ hv ti ,. of war were, i.owove., alike in' p"Lfp7o";r •"'" '''''' '^''^-^^ uecessanly modified by thuir different no r', ' *^P^^''fi"«s being exertion, unceasing wateLfulnef " I't 'Sin". "' ^''"^^ '^'^^''^ flanks and coannunications without ^atte'^^r^^^^ to proteet their common to both. I„ defence, firm co "V "' ^"^''''^^-those ^-ere T\?TT' '^""Swhenda'ringTarpom:?";' ? ^"-^^'> ^eree, by the flanks in preference to the f o L ' /l t'"^'^ "^^^-^"^S ahke but ,n following up a victory th eJ, ,t, '"^^ ''^'^ they wer^ the Irench emperor. The battle of We ° ' ^'""'^^ ^^^ ^^^or. of battenng ram-down went the wall n r ? ^T / ° ''"'''' °^ '^ was the swell and dash of a mightv wave befS , ''° °^" ^^''^f ^l"^"" yielded, and the roaring fiood poured onwal-df^^^^^^ which the barrier there nothing of timidity or natural w2 % ™""° '^''- ^<^t was m.edin the English generali c npaL "ivtT"'" ^'^ '' ''''■ iabian school. He recommended that '' '''' ''° ^^ '^^e Spaniards, but he did not fol^^ :^-t b , jf 7r "'^1^^^^ ''"'^'^ *° '^^ resembled that of «eipio Aflanu T V veterans, red with the blood of fouTeon H ' '^•"'"''"^ '"'^^'^-^'^ mountains, refused battle, and to tl e «, ?', T?' ^'''''^ '^ ^ho tl^o great Carthaginian opnos J Lr^^ '^"^ ""'^ ^'^lo^i- of resources of Home' Lord Tel Lt ' ^^-^--tible military tl^era was any equality/of numt" Trrr" i°^^ *" '^^^ where only 9000 men, wUh intent o at j. ^ ' ' ^" ^^"'"°''' ^"''^ Koliva he was the assailant, at V ^ L™ h< ' ^'' ^''''"'- ^* Lave changed to the ulien it duT-T ^7.^- '^'' ^"' ^'^ ^°"1J interfered. At Oporto he was "fin the /■ '' "^'""^ ^>''^ -' assailant. In the Talavera c!n . ^ , "'"^^ ""^^ ^'^"-'cessful -ent, although nn th Ittl' f f/' *°°'' *'^<^ ^-tiatory naove- campaign of 1810 in Port i ' '"''"^"'^'^ ^^^^ ^I'ock. His I'ortVuesear^lryi rir^^^^^^^^^^ '" 1811, was eatirely a^ro^^ it' V' ^'' ^"''^"'^ "^^^ ^^"««ena, 1^-ving that, in mountJn wa ^e tho.'^f'^ ,"''""^'^ ''' - -" d;sadvantage. The operat on oftl t o;'" """'• ^''^°'"- '"^^ '-^ tl^e battles of Fuentes H'Onora and A "^ T^"''' '""^^"^"'S liudajoz, and the combat of Gnl.M ""'' '^° ^''' ''''S<^ "f ^owas the campaign of Sal n^" .'''"■" °^ "^ ""^^^ ^''^''^cter; -dthatinthes'oufhc^iS^erw • "' f- -'"P-Sn of Vittoria Slight, therefore is the re emh ' '! "T'^^ "'^ e'"i"ently offbuslve "- Englishman' la d .:::'"! " '^''" "''^'^^*'^- ^"^ ^•-' 0^ tbo I^onro at Oporto;';: XC^SZ^r:^'''\:'' '''-''' Vol. II. 1 '- °' ^iiiciad Ivodngo, the storming 1 If' 11 il.f ! 322 APPENDIX. of Badajoz, tho surprise of tlie forts at Mirabcto, tlio march to Vittoria, the passage of the Bidassoa, the victory of the Nivello, tlic passage of the Adour below Bayonnc, tho fight of Orthcs, tlie crowning battle of Toulouse ! To say that ho committed faults is only to say that he made war ; but to deny him the qualities of a great commander is to rail against the clear mid-day sun for want of light. How few of his combinations failed, — how many battles lie fought, victorious in all ! Iron hardihood of body, a quiek and sure vision, a grasping mind, untiring power of thought and the habit of laborious, minute investigation and arrangement — all these qualities he possessed, and with them that most rare faculty of coming to prompt and sure conclusions on sudden emergencies. This is tlio certain mark of a master spirit in war ; without it a commander may be distinguished, he may be a great man, but he cannot be a great captain; when troops nearly aliiie in arms and knowledge are opposed, the battle generally turns upon the decision of the moment. At the Somosierra, Napoleon's sudden, au i what to those about him appeared an insensate order, sent the Polish cavalry successfully charging up tho mountain, when more studied arrangements, with ten times that force, miglit have failed. At Talavera, if Josepli haJ not yielded to the imprudent heat of Victor, the fate of the allies would have been sealed. At the Coa, Monlbrun's refusal to charge with his cavalry saved General Craufurd's division, the loss of which would have gone far towards producing the evacuation of Portugal. At Busaco, Masscna would not sufi'er Ney to attack the first ihu-, and thus lost the only favourable opportunity for assailing tiiat formidable position. At Fuentes d'OHoro, the same Massona sud- denly suspended his attack, when a powerful effort would probably have been decisive. At Albuera, Soult's column of attack, instead of pushing forward, halted to fire from the first height they had gained on Beresford's right, which saved that general from an parly and total defeat ; again, at a later period of that battle, the unpremeditated attack of the fusileers decided tlie contest. At Barossa, General Graham, with a wonderful promptitude, snatched the victory at the very moment when a terrible defeat seemed inevitnble. A* '-Jahugal, not even the astonishing fighting of the light 'Unsior could have saved it if General Regnier had possessed this es-^ontial quality of a general. At El Bodon, Marmont failed to seize tlio most favourable opportunity which occurred during the whole war for crushing the allies. At Orthes, Soult let slip two opportunities of falling upon tlie allies with advantage ; and at Toulouse ho failed to crush Beresford. At Viuiioro, Lord Wellington was debarred bj Burrard i hut at Bi suffered 3 On the ( cos.sful iiii mankind. bridge of , Guiuaklo, battle of S the hill division at sudden pasi battle of A, eminent dc greatest goi in war, and flow, that in been prover] knew the ej that march 1 tho advantan the moment fate of the P to turn again have been oi-^ would never Cadiz; that things that ar victorious — tl most triumphs a dissatisfied without intrini and threatenrir is a stirring ! niau to the smi which cannot I courage, obedic patriotism, and ■t' is yot no sec history makes the most sagacii arms Poland, G APPENDIX. Kurrard from ffivinj? a sirmnl ;n . • ^^'^ suffered Massena and Manno,,, to e^ ,„i '1" ' T '^"'""^-'^' '^ 0" li.o other Land ho haa furnis ^ ' '"'^" '^^'"^'^ unpunished. ces.sf„l in.provisation in which Nanoloon ^^ '■'""^^'' °^ ^'''i' sue- mankind. Uis sudden retrea 3 ;::r '" 'T ^"^^'^^^^ ^" bridge of Arzobispo ; his passage of thi ^S ' '^'' '^'^ns, by the G-ualdo, in the f:co of Marnontl nv 7 /"• '''' ' ^''' ^-'^ «' battle of SaL.nanca; his sudden Xir;;;;^':"?,."""^^ *'- tlie ].ill of Armez at Vittoria Z ! '"^ '''^'«'°» *» seiz-, division at Sauroren; l^XlZh^ slTZ:^' "'"^ ''' -"' sudden passage of the Gave below o7th!>?' n "^'' "^^^-'^^^ards ; his battle of Assaye. and the prooIL ' , ^'VV,'"" ''^ ^^"'^'^-^^1 eminent degree that inthitive pereep fof^; " 'v^°""^<^^ '» «" greatest generals. Fortune how!veT .1 ' '^'«*'"g«i«bes the in war, and often from a L^^^J^T ,"''"''^ ""''' ^"P'-'^-'aey flow, that in every age and e ty L , 7 '''''''' ^«"«-I«enees been proverbial. N^poleonl i 'l„ "r T-T"-""*^ °' '^""^ ''- knew the e.act situation of 1 1 e tS J^^"*^' '" ''''' ^''''<^ ^'^ that march ho bent his flank ' , • "^'' '' ''^ ^^^""P'e. 13y the advantage, and tl^u^th F lir'' '*^ '^''" ^'^''^'^ --' the mon.ent by his astonisi h g ^ ftlTlT "' *''^ ^'^^ ^^r fate of the Peninsula was then dedded T fll'l '' ""''"'S^' ^1- to turn against 3Ioore. Lisbon won 7. I u "^ "°^ ^°<^" ^^rced I--e been organised for r t t.c " , JT '^'T' '^"-'"^-^ -"'^ not would never have suffered v/n ton ! '^fn-^r' '" ^P'"""^« Cadiz; that general's after sucS n ' ' ^"^''^ ^-° -' things that are unborn. I was z^ L"" ''^^ '^^'^ '^^^» ^^e viotorious-the great conqueror waverth.".^ Y'^"'"^'"" ^"« -St triumphal nation iu^he U 7 E rrr'^"""'''"'^ «'°°^ *J>° a dissatisfied people, gaiuin- nnnl' . "" enormous debt, without intrinsic strenS ^ IreZl *'''"'l"'''''^' ^'''^'^^^ -J threatenng, yet sl^iZ^^t ZZ?' ''" '"'"" ^^^^ « a stirring sound I \vir i. /l f ^ ^ '''''' "'"^ ' And it -n to the Lallest iuse t a,I are It^S^" 1 '"'^ T''' ^-- which cannot be obtained without tL ' ""^ '^° ^^''^ '^ ^r'"«. courage, obedience, modl;t'd tl 1^"'"' °' '°"°"^' ^°^*''"^« patriotism, and is a chaste^i^^'^rirrT ^V '"" "'^"'^ It is yet no security for uowor ^ f , ^° "''^ "lan's pride, ti^tory makes K.e 'ti L^Zoleo^Th "'"' ." '"f "' "^"^ °^^'-™ tiio most sagacious politician 1 ' "'' ''°'"^'^''^"^ commander, ->« Poland, Germ!;;: ; I ;-;;::: S;-^."-^ ^Utesmaa-lest by' .y, iiaiy, roi tugd!, fepam, and France. Fortune, S24 APPENDIX. that name for tbe unknown combinations of infinite power, vas wanting to liini, and without her aid tlie design -^ of man ire "9 bi/Lblc? on a troubled ocean."— .S'iV W. Napier's Ifl^'o-y of tlte Fminsular War. APPENDIX, NO II. THE FRENCH SOLDIERS. Til!' ^:'i,.^viIlg sketch of the French troops was po.ned during the IVninsular war, and serves to show the kind of enemy our troops had to contend with : — " The French sokliers are quick, and attack with inen^liblo rapidity; they retreat with the same rapidity, return to the charge with no less impetuosity, and as quickly retire again. They retain, during their retreat, the greatest composure, and are not dishearteno'l when they lose ground. The death of their oflBcers produces no confusion among them. When the commanding oflScer falls, the next to him assumes the command, and so on in succession. The inferior officers are almost all qualified to command. The French soldier is accus- tomed to live in a requisitionary country, sometimes as a prince, sometimes as a sa7is culotte. To make him perform his duty well, uniformity in living is not rec^uired. ' A strong esprit de corp/i prevails among the French troops. In the beginning of the Kevolution their bond of union was republican fanaticism, and at the conclusion of it, la graiidc nation. Their infantry of the line cannot be compared with the Russians; their cavalry is very inferior to the Hungarians; and their artillery, once the best in Europe, is far from being equal to the Austrians ; but their light infantry, or their tirailleurs, and their new tactics confound all the principles of war which have pre- vailed since the time of Frederick the Great. Austria has scarcely any light infantry ; Russia has about 20,000. In the French armies nearly one-third of the infantry are tirailleurs. ^ post before the troops of the line, separate into unite again rni' attack, and after being ten tiroes rci again. In v, ' ■ ;:en intersected country these // ■- way to the iicuch for that victory which '.'■> iafautry of the line complete. The incredible quickness of the Fren'' '^^^ tow d^ be French may begin aisun^rise bt ft f n" '°'^*°^'' ^ ^attle^i h tf e evenmg. The French may bo b'e Th "^* ^ ^''^'^^ted bcfo o tt y wm be vi,tor«. Every general vt J ''^"^' ^^^' ^"t '^t ni^t till the evening must, in the end be d^. A°<^! "°t «P^re his strength sequence of the quickness and c;m^^^^^^^^^^^ Ct do not readdy think of capitulating a'c f ^''°''' ''^^'^^'^, they .n^a^ner, to extricate thems-ves ffoL^if T "'" "'''''' '» ^ Pe uliar instances where a thousand French sddT, '"^"^' ^^° ^ave seen day with a much stronger bodvand ' ^"'' °°"''''^^«^ the whole pour. This is done in fhe fo Win" m.""^''''°^ '' "'-"'^^ J'^e a v^ pressed, divides itself into two I fhre bo'^'^'r "^^' ^^''^ ^-cl p.es the enemy in an advantageou p L ,t'\f '^ ^'"^^ '^' °ccu- Bome distance. As soon as L first i^' Vt' ^'^""''"^ 'l^'^t at lucred ble velocity, and in tolerabT g od o f ^'''' ""^ »» '"" with other :s at rest. The second la^owsCty e.a M ,° ''T "^'^^ ^^« was able to make a stand, and rushe w th th^ "^ °^ ^°''»" ^^'^ ^rst the enemy, who find themselves sudl!l , /""^° impetuosity on must also bo repulsed. I tl e It ^"^ '^'''^'^'^ ^^ '^''^^^^ troops, wl -t; and thus they continlt ac tl :h'olf, ''''Y' '''' -» loss of men, indeed; but when night put!! r"''' considerable corps at any rate, has not been beat en^td . 7 '° '^' ^'''^'' the " IS useless. Moreau was pursued for o' ^ "^'""""S to follow it Russians; but they wer'e n't ^ "to f'' " '^"^^'^'^^^^^^^ flight. Towards evening he had taken . 7" "^ ^'"'^ ^''^' ^^ ^is morning he had disappeared But ^Z r • '°"« P°^'*'°"' ^°d next ed with durable strength. Thetr nctar: tlo'lTf '''' '' ^-^-"^- est soldiers. The anedical estabHshlnf ^)\]'^^l'''' "°t the strong- cellent, and their officers, in gen '""c-^' ""^ " '^' Panorama. ' ^"'^> <^^°oedingly good."^3mttar^ mii 826 APPENDIX. APPENDIX, No. in. AMO( THE CASUALTIES AT WATERLOO. THE FOLLOWING TAULHi SHOWS THE LOSSES SUSTAINED DV THE TAOOPg COMI'KISIXO THE ANOLO-ALMKO AUMY : Bnfish King's Huuove Uniiisw N'nssaiio UutcL-JJ KILIED. WOUNDED. MISSING. ■a = (C a gP «ES ^5^ 1 o PI ssi If c X o m ii B i § Non-commissioned cers. Trumpeters, 1 mers, and i'rivat Bi'itisb. . . . 8,3 1334 1319 303 4500 719 10 682 708 King's Gei". Leg. 27 335 194 77 932 144 1 217 54 ! Hanoverians . . 18 27iJ — 68 1035 — 3 207 — Brunawickors . 7 HI 77 26 430 — — CO — Nassauers . . 5 249 — 19 370 — 14 l.)56 762 TotiU . . . 110 2341 1590 D48 7327 803 THE LOSSES OF THE PKLSSIAN ARMY IN THE DATTLE WKUE AS FOLLOWS : KILLKD. WOUNDED. MISBIKO. ^f^ ^^ t^ c: ozt Ofcif, uEjj 2 i i a PI III V ,« >; M?^ ^is if ^ ■ Sid S5S ilS S54 Zeithen's Corps . , , 34 18 8 164 21 111 Puch's do. . 1 36 9 8 192 7 4 100 9 BuloW's do. . 21 1133 259 159 3902 828 85 1127 8'J Total , . . 22 1203 286 102 4125 856 39 1354 100 Ali'ENDIX 827 MIHSINQ. !r s ^ %IZ z BBS "• «s 582 708 217 64 •207 50 — li)50 7C2 MiaaiNa. Non-commissioned Offl- Cf rs, Trmnpofprs, Drum- mers, and Priva^es. i 111 100 1127 2 9 89 1354 100 AMOUNT OF T,:k E.fkCuve STUEXOTri OK TTF .Vnrn BiitiHl, King's German Lo^'ion . Haimvoriniis .... Bniiis« iekura . Niis.sniU'rs l.'i.lSl ;i,.'i01 lo/iriS 4,58(5 JJutcL-JJulgiaus r'*^^^ J la,4U3 Total 5,8-1 l.U'JV 4a7 800 3,'.'03 2,007 520 400 510 1,177 2'i,991 5,824 11,220 6,062 2,880 17,784 APPENDIX, No. IV. amount of o,,oo0.00o/ l^^^t^ ''° ^'f "^ *"-« to the "lome.t. tLo revenue „r,H 2/ V ''' ^'^"^ ''* ''"^ Present produced when C^^^C^I T'T'' "'"'"' ""^ '''- ^^ alone,! ask ,our lonl .•;?!. 'tr,. ^.« ^^ .''''^' --mstanoo the country? But, n.y L on," 'Ha r''*^"'""" •'^'■"^P""'^ -' fact only. Notwithstanding ("Jr js V n. ? "'°T"""' °" '^''' in the last year, there v a "n, ' ?''"'' '""''' '^''^''''' «'»!, of mannfaetu'e, n e r!" • e^r- V '™ '" every bl-aneh parent in the ^hree ^l 'iir' t" U T 'T' '^''' '''' "P" pur lordships must ascribe tll> i, .'ss of ^"0 T T'"""^'""<'^«> else rather tha.i to the alteration If ! " ■^' '^^'''''^"g that the people, durin. tlTlltZ V "T"'^' ^^^ °P'»'°>^ ^^^ to the peWof 1815- i ! r^'T^-'"''^ *=^'^'-' Foviously' -us c^endituro-^,; :n..Swri \r'"' ''"^^™^ "" -°' aside. ^ '•'''"' "'"''^^ t'^oy cannot readily throw . " During that time, any man of «l..,fn„ j • . could obtain n.oney or L Tn\ description of credit, 328 Al'PENDIX. proceeded on n systoni, wlilch could not bo ooutiimcd, without luiiiing oud dostroyiiig the country ; and that syatem having bcon dostrojed, that fictitious wealth having Ix . , ., Jicy cnnnot itiiincdiutcly coino down to those quiut habits, which arc required Ironi them under that state of things now prevailing in tho empire. That, my Lords, i.-i tho real cause of tho distress under which they are at present suffering. Besides, your lordships will recollect that tho population of the country has enormously increased, and it should also bo taken *uto tiio calculation, tliat tlio power of production by machinery has increased in an incalculable degree. As much can now bo prodiu-ed iu ono year, as formerly could be produced in five years ; and tho produce of ono year now amounts to more than can be taken off our hands in a year and a half, or even two years. Distress, therefore, has occurred, notwithstanding that the utmost exertions have been made to repel it; and notwithstr riding tho great and general pros- perity of trade throughout the world. My Lords, tho plain f , ' is, that owing to tho alterations of trade — a great demand at ono time, and a want of demand at another — tho manufacturers, and those engaged in commercial pursuits, must sustain considerable distress at different periods. It has been recommended as a remedy, that Government should go back to the system of tho circulation of tho notes. Now, my Lords, witli respect to tho ono-pound bank notes, if. will bo well to recollect .vliat lia.s been tho proceeding nf Piirliainont on that subject. In 1820, Parlia) ont having seen tho facility with which specul ns coulu bo mi' taken by iicrsons possessing no capital, in con. .^uenco of the ciiLuIation of ihoso one-pound bank- notes — looking to tho evils that resulted from tlmso speculations, and finding tliat a groot number of banks in tho country had failed in conse(|Uuiieo of .acii .-ipeculations— ''lOught prop ;: to pass a law to prevent tho circulation of this species of paper, after tho lapse of three years. A noble lord has said, th' ' this mea.curo of Parliament occasioned the failure of a great nun ■ -r of country bankers. J>ut I beg the noble lord's pardon, Ii 13 not tated the fact correctly, yiont of tho banks whi '1 about that Jpi' iled, it ought to 1 recollected, 'roke previously to the meetii of , liamcnt. ' '• The fact is, that it was tho breaking of the banks ■ hich otca- sioned tho measure, and not tho measure tho breaking ui the banks. But wo have now accomplished tho measure adopted in 182G; that measure is now carried into execution ; tho currency of the coun- try is now sufficient ; bank-notes, r>/., and above 5/. in value, are in circulation ; and I will assort this fact, that there is at present more of what T may call .state currency in circulation — more notes of tho Bank lating niediu any former p Act was pa.si ofanyadditi( than ever it lation, to affi who have no ( tilings that POS.SCSS credit facility ,Iiat i Iiavo no cred: which they for of persons dea tlieir speculati situati II of aff of 1821. -a mc for tlio ^ , oso said truly, tJiat on its mereannj supported bj, a that i.^ c.\:ntly t t'ut ; and, in pro ties— tlio existci ^■0 prosperity d carried on as thi speculations, to attributed. " But, my Lon Jistress, has omit verted to tlie im tlio country duriu (0 foreign powers I'aid, nor ever wii 'iJverted to the bf with respect to th *'')'■ Iu tho next wliich those loans rf the country, in '^'''ued by he forc( -tiona In most "reount ,f those go APPENDIX. tl.o ]iank of Kndand -in,! • ^^^ latlng mediutu of t|.„so twoT'"'"'?"'"" greater quantity of circu- Act wa. p,,.sod. r bog leave nvT; , Y''' *''*^ ^^""^ Hctriction of an, additional circulation wCf^I^j;^ \° -'\-''"' want i« the o ban ever itwns? I, ^ n;cci; ';Lt'"" " »^ I^^-'t greater la .on, to afford the „.oau. of p, ,curi 7 ' "'°'''' '''^■"^'^'^' ""•«"• ;;'- Imyo no capital and no croditVTZ/''""°'^ "'^^'"^ "> *''<^«e ""%'« that ought not to exist i„ anv . , "" ''""^ " '^ «"''o "f PO«.csa credit, can raiso mon y at thr ^ ^^^ ^'"'^""•^ ^^''° really aoUUy ,l,at is roa.onnMo or p'roj r V:r""\'"°"'"" ^^'^ every '-vo no credit, are deprived of Z fa U '; ""'^^.^''^J'^- tl-uso who " "eh they forn.erly enjoyed, becau ' tt , ^°"°"''"°" "-""y, of persons dealing in one-po'und > utl t^a^•".^ '''°'^'' '^ ^''^^'^ <^>''«^^^ t e,r speculations. This is the a^ s'tl ^'h '" '""^■'"^' ""^ situatin of affairs that gave rise a^d , ' '"''■ ^* ^as this of 182.. - a n.ca,s,n-e whteh I r It ri>'.^'"" ""' '" *^^ "« ' for the , . , o,so of pJ.,oi„g the con t v ^ ^'" ^'''''''° '"' «aiJ truly, th.t nothing is° s dL aW^ ? ^'"P'^ '''''■ ^^ ^^^^ been 0° '^^ '"ore, . ,. tranLtior s w 'a IT ""' *'° ^"""^'"^ -"^in, (liat .. oxa. dy the «. -^ curroneyTl' ' ., , ^ ^^ '^' '""^' ^' '^^^^c, -t; and, in propo.tio. tho Irv ! '""""'^ '^"^ «"' '' ?'•<>- '--the existence of that cun'rc "stllT" ''""'^''^'^S Us dmoal -0 prosperity daily revive, and e shl « "^ continued-^e shall oarriod „„ as they ought to be , Lm ^ •""■'"""" ^^^''^^'^'flo- ^peculations, to which .o n.uehfTo'"'' "'T'° '' *''°^° ^"i'-- "ttributcd. '""°" °f ^''° prevaihng distress must be " «ut, my Lords, the noble lord in fmn- . , J'^tress, has omitted one of t! e lat ' ^ T- '^^ «°"''°<^« '^^ *'"« -'^'l to the iuHnouso loss o ca, ta 17T , 'I "° '"' "°' "'J' '^0 country during the last six or 1 "'" ^'''^ «"«^^i°«l by to foreign powor.°-of whid ne t i""' ," """'^"-^ °f l-ns l'.^'J,"or ever will, in iavoninon , T^' ""r interest has been ''J-ted to the tffeet wil^h' ^t 'h's ^'^ 7'' '"''° '°'^ ^^ "^ ;"'h respect to the employment oX^-v n'"'^' ''''' ^^^^^ '' "X la the next place the nobloll , ^ ^ " "'' ^"^' "f "«^ cuu fob those loans'must a;o tad on 7 T f ^'^'■'^' ^" ''"' ^^-^ "^^''^ ^-"try,iu con,..equrco o'- h ,•*"'' '"' '"--f-turcs ^'«"od b; he forced exlta on o ^Z '" '""'^'S" ""^'•^«'«. "cca- -'-• /n most instaL: r; Lo^S: V'^ --nt of such 'trans- '«t f those goods, and :vo/wt;;tu" " ""'' ''"^' °" I If weie made, they wore 880 APPENDIX. of tho most unsatinfttctory description. Tho noblo lord has not ad- vertcil to tlio fuut, tliat those returns, when any wore recoiveU, caino homo in tho shape of iiitercHt, and did not, of courao, roquirc ony do- niand or export from thi,s country. "Surely all thono things should bo considered, when tho noble lurd speaks of tho distress tho country is labouring under. That distress has fallen not only on tho manufacturing and commercial iutore.sts but also on those who have encouraged and embarked in tho variou.s sohomos and speculations which have done tho country so much mU- chief" Man 36lA, IHjt). APPENDIX, No. V. THE DUKE IN THE NETHERLANDS, 1S16. After the first one hundred pages of this volume were in typo, the author's attention was drawn to an article in the '■ Quarterly lloviow,' of Juno, 1845, reviewing tho works of Captain Siborno, Colonel Mitchell, and Marslial Marmont. The review disposes of certain of the errors and conclusions of these respectable authorities, and pre- sents a few interesting facts which had not previously been made piili- lie. It would be absurd and unnecessary to reprint this article of forty-five pages, even if in tho foregoing biography the whole of the errors of the authors had been repeated ; but no " Life" of the Duke can be complete which does not contain all tho authenticated faet^ and justifications relating to so great and distinguished a man ; an! certain portions of tho article are therefore transferred below. It may be added, that one great inducement to tho republication of even 80 much of tho article, is tho assurance the author has received from a competent quarter, that tho review was couimeneed by Colonel Gar- wood, the compiler of tho " Despatches," continued \y tho Earl of Ellesmero, and revised and concluded by the Duke of Wellington himself : — " If anything could add to the credit which the Duke deserves for those arrangements for the collection and movement of the force under his own command, which were < ulated to meet every con- tingency and overcome every difficulty of his defensive position, it would be that iu a matter entirely beyond his control these esseuiial APPENDIX. 881 and unavoi.lablo difficulties slinnl,! l.„ u thoHo ucndontH to which 1 ZSl^ ^°''" "*«"'""*°'^ ^^ '^<> °f of allioa „r„ue«, are ox o A Xrcri"' '? "^"''"'^ "'-" '^th (Juno, I81.^),it wL apparent to Hn '" '''«»>«••»!"« of tho upon the advancod'corps of EeTa Zio ! "'^""" •''"' ^''^ ""^'^ >/'■ movo„.e„t of Napoleon b/ Cha^Te " Tv'^ ^"'r.^ °""' ** '"'^' •".0 thing needful in the c>.eH of the D ko of J^r^^"-'"'"'^ ^- *'- course was clear, and without it ho waraBwo , "'"°" ' :""' '' '"** "ot to move a regiment from its canln el We""' '^''"■'"'""' l'0«r ,t happened, but w... arc certain tZ^f 7 "'"""^ '^•'I'''*'" iJriti,shComumndcr.in-Chief that, . "' ^^ "'^ *'''"^' «f '''« reached iiru^els till^vei ra/n:r'"T;r;^"' '^^^ forty miles, thero euu bo no „uestio„ tiat ,f' ^° '^'t"'" ^^'"'« '^^""'^ I;" -ted .ight and ought to Z^Zo^^C^"''''^' r^'"'' tlio Prince of Oranjre was »1,» firof / v ^ "•"• ^^ '^ w«», o'clock. P.M., having iddl in Jn *. "f "" ""^^' ^^°" '^^■'-- ^'-"^o ^Ii"o with tio Dukf it ,1 T ^''^"'^^''^"^'^J posts at Jiiuehe to ^'•o.n the direcft of Ions t I'e """'°' '^ ''^^"""''^ ^-•--'' tliat reason had taken 4ret: ''^ V"^^'"^^ ^^''^ i» "motion, and f„r ters, or within atrvJs 1"/ """\'^"':'"^' ^'" '^">' ^' '"'' ^'-J'luar- .he l>aehess 'l e loJ "".t ''' ^"'"'^'''''■"^ ^ ^ visit to troops were is^.m,] «,. *i • '^''^^'^ ^i tho uiovemciit of (ho - interview wiU^t k-litG^'^T" '""' '^' '''""' "-' ''f'-" It is clear th.l \e ■ """^ '"' ''^"'^' f''"'" ^^''^ru! Ziethon i.is adversary Jh:tl: J L::^:t2-'f^"'!V"/^'^"'^''^^^ given out at 10 in the morning ' •'' ""^''^' '"'^'^ '^"''" ^lucher's head terlto ho d"; 'T T ''" ^'^ ^^''••^^'"^^ -^ ' .1.0 advanced ^0^ tl,^ I Z-^'' ^"" ^°""-''' ^''-■^'-" ^^ ' 'l-Dukeisto' ;w^[ ~ '"T '°''"'r '''"^''"°' -J ."ore famous failure tldtteirt^''?''" "^ '" '^ '""^ ^'- which led to tho absen of e h P '" ^'"^''' '"' ^•^""''^^''==' Ligny. ^*'' ^'■"'"''" ''"'•ps from tho field of * mol^^ilVVM?''""'"';''^'"'" Siborno does, that on tho "g the 17th (ur even on the night of tho 16th) the Duko 'I'd 832 APrENDIX. was uninformed of wlmt had occurred on the Prussian field of battle. lie bad at the Prussian liead-(j[uarter3 a stafF-ofiiccr, Colonel Sir Henry Hardinge, who sent him repeated reports during the battle. lie had written one after ho was himself severely wounded, which was brought to the Duke by his brother, Captain Hardinge of the artillery, with a verbal message given after nightfall. Till nightfall, moreover, the Duke could see ; and, need it be added, did see with his own eyes from Quatre Bras what passed on the Prussian field of battle. With his glass he saw the charge and failure of tiie Prussian cavalry, Bliicher's disa3ter, and the retreat of the Prussian army from the field of battle. Captain Wood, of the 10th Hussars, then at the outposts, pushed a patrole towards the Prussian field of battle at daylight, and ascertained and immediately reported to the Duke that the Prussians were no long'er in possession of it. The Duke then sent, as Captain Siborne narrates, with another squadron of the 10th, under Captain Grey, Sir A. Gordon, who had been with his Grace on the Prussian field of battle the preceding day, and therefore knew the ground, in order to communicate with the rear-guard of the Prussian army, and to ascertain their position and designs. Sir A. Gordon found the field of battle deserted, except by a few French videttes ; these were driven in, and Gordon with his sijuadrons crossed the field of battle unmolested, and communicated verbally with General Ziethen, commanding the Prussia!) roar-guard, at Sonibref, on the road to Namur, where the Prussian left had rested in the battle of the preceding day. Having accomplished this service, the Duke's aide-de-camp returned, as ho had gone, unmolested, to Quatre Bras. li Sir A. Gordon had lived, probably Captain Siborne might have learned the real account of tlie transaction from him, and would then have known that the patrole moved the whole way to Sombref, aiul brought back, not a vague report that the Prussians had retreated to- wards Wavre, but the most positive accounts of their movements and intentions. " A.'^ .'■■■liiii as Gordon returned witli his patrole. tlic Duke gave ordcr.s for the army to occupy the position in front of Waterloo, of wliicli hi; had a perfect knowledge, having seen it frociuently, and of wliicli no knowledge could have been had bj any otiier offieor in the army The road to and through the village of Gcnappes having been clcareil of all ho.«pital and store carriages, and of every impediment, the infantry and artillery were put in motion in broad dayligh.t, iu difl'or- ent column:;, to cross the diflerent bridges over the Dyle. These movements were as regular as on a parade. Tiie outposts, particu- larly those of the riflemen, were kept standing, and movements were made bj and con( ren)ained between more tha was done detachnie: of Bliiche the groat and he did of tlie em The rctre which mac roads. W with the ] that of the from everj every featu: field at day ters to the Hougomont whicli were i and on to tin not mention iVoiu the I7t witii (lie Pr the Prussian Waterloo sid J'i.y, at least very cavalry Iiead-quartera Grouchy, date in a paniplile( page 400 of C • • riio eour.'- degenerated ii drama. If ^o no pas.sage of i ff the oninipr lable eodlness come under oi: APPENDIX. and co,L.rtI.o' ttroS'LZcmcnt TT- ^1'° '"'"^^'^ ^"^''*-°. remained on the ground and ^1,1? '° '"^''"*'"^'' The cavalry between three and four' t .SZ "'^r'-''^''°^ -'''' *''- H ™ore than Captain Siborne appears to "' '!"' ^"^'^''"'^ ^^ ^-^ was done on and near the Ey-con o, oT °' ''' ''^ '''' ''^^^ dotachnjentof Orouchyscorp,s to wa f C,/n?' • °' '^•°""^' *^- of Blucher, and the march of the nnin L ^^'/'/«"o^^'"g the retreat tl- groat road from Sombref No " ^1 /'" ''"■"'' ""'^"'o^S and he d.d not order the retreat of h "eaX ^ ,"r '''f" '" '^ ^™"*° the enemy had touched the vidcttro^t ' •'V'^'™"°^'^ P'-^t'-oIes T '0 retreat of our cavalry was undoubt.l, . f' ''''^'"^ '""« left. wlHch nvade it difficult fo'r e tier pa^tl 1' '"'''^■^*^^ ^y ^ «torm, road.s. With the single exception I,!! ^ "manoeuvre off the main with the French lanlrs i tr^Xeirr 'h'" ^''^'^ ^' ^'^-PP - at of the infantry, and the ar^y^ ' at,,; • ^^ ""^'! --'^' - from every quarter on that famous aid I i "'''"'"« <^''"'^«^«d every feature of which the Duke was fan.;? ""'^^f"'" S''"""^' ^ith field at daybreak. i„ spite ot^^JT^^i ''" ''"'^'^ ^'^ °» '^^ ers to the King of Prance and o Lcr """"""""" ^°"^° ^<^*- Hougomont, and gave orders for th dlf "''''^' *''° P°«'^^ ^n >vhich were formed in the garde. I TT ""''^^ ^°^ ">"«ketry, and on tothe c.ren.e leftSt;o.si^L7 I "" *° ^^ "^^'e SaintI not mentioned by the historians tlntV . .,'"™"' '"•™'"«'''^"ec, ^'•omthe 17th to the 18M, .1, "'"« tl^'oughout the ni-^ht f ' *"e p-ssia:t5^'^:::rr;f '^r:'^^'*''-^'^o^^^ tl.e Prussian cavalry collected n,, "^''f' ^••"'" ^^"^"e, he saw Waterloo side of the dcfi of St T , '" *'" '"'='' S™""^ «" •I'o day, at least an hour before the c^nm "' "" -'ly l-ur of the V"T cavalry that is represented to r"""* '^ ''"^ l^^ttle-tlie l^ead-quartera i„ a letfcr vH fen b '"l '"l^ -n from the French Orouchy, dated at half-past on which ij:: '""^' "" ''^^'^^^ "' '^ Pn."phlet published in the IW J « ? " P'-"!*^^<^ ''^^ Grouchy P«ge 400 of Captain Siborne's first vllunt' " "'"'^ " ^ ""'"^ *° * * * ■ , de^J^^t^-rlZitrir^j'''^'; l-oinse^ibly almost drama. If we look back th u'h , tecT • ' '"'"'' P^'"^'^ "^ ^I- - passage of the Duke's camp 1 f^ "^ '''' ^« «'>-" ««« that ef the on.nipresent. indofatS f ' ? P''^"^"' ^'''' evidence lablc coolness winch 0^^^:;/^":^ '''7'^^ ""^^ ^'"Pertur- -»H^ under our nolico Wo "^ '"'"' '"" ^'"^ P«'-'d which has ' '''^vo seen that „n the morning of tho 884 APPENDIX. 16th, wliilc Ney w;-s preparing his attack and closing up his columns, which, when he took their command, extended for some twelve miles to his rear, the Duko found time for an interview with the Prussian General at Ligny. He returned to Quatre Bras in time for the opening of tliat conflict. He rcconnoitered in person the wood of l>ossu, and was indeed the first to discover that the attack was about to be made by a very largo body of troops. A straggling fire had been going on since morning, but the officers whom he found on the spot still doubted whether a serious attack was impending. The Duke's quick eye, however, detected an officer of high rank reviewing a strong body, and his ear caught the sound, familiar to it as the pre- cursor of such scenes, — ' UEmpercur rccomixnscra cclui qui s^avan- cera.' He instantly recommended the Prince of Orange to withdraw his advanced parties, and the few Belgian guns, which were in an advanced and exposed position. The attack instantly ensued, not to cease till nightfall. According to his uniform practice, and certainly with not less than his usual care, the Duke posted all the troops himself, and no movement was made but by his order. He was on the field till afcer dark, as long as any contest lasted. "When at the close of that weary day others were sinking to rest on the ground they had so bravely maintained, and while the chain of Biitish outposts was being formed for tlie night, far in advance of the ground origin- ally occupied, one of tiie cavalry regiments, which were then arriving in rapid succession, reached the spot where the Duke was sitting. It was connuanded by an intimate friend of the Duke— by one of the gentlest, the bravest, and most acconiplished soldiers who ever sat in an English saddle, the late General Sir Frederick Ponsonby. Ho found the Duke reading some English newspapers which had just reached him, joking over their contents, and making merry with the lucubrations of London politicians and speculators on events. '• The condition meanwhile of the said politicians at home, including the Cabinet, was past a joke. It was one which the profundity of their ignorance alone made endurable. If hostilities were now in progress in Belgium and a Britisli army in the field, steamers would be plying betwe Ostend and London or Dover, frequent and punctual as those which crowd the river from London Bridge to Greenwich in Whitsun week. A fresh lie and a new exaggeration would reach the Stock Exchange at intervals of a quarter of an iiour. With such, means of communication Bliicher's losses on the IGth would have been operating on tlic funds within a few hours of their report at Brussels, and the Prussiau retreat from Ligny would liave more than counterbalanced, in public opinion, the maintenance of our poj howevei Englisli army wj It was I the bane merely ] by the fc Lis o\m confidenc on the po intelligoii to receive Maurice ] Le had h Brussels ties. As had been i of some ii and had r cavalry, wl by him wit in words b came entru on those v limits, to in; friend Lad \ early hour ( land, but of C. ColviUc, Glient was , was enoumbc accompanied " ' Wo an refreshing ov wo proceedcc two o'clock. regiment, wh ^^'e engaged t!ie Division c the hotel beti Malcolm drov APPENDIX, our position at Quatre Bras To , x , ^^^ iiowever, tlio smu-rgler hn,l i,' „ * ^*° ''°"'' "f t^io 20tli of T I^^".li«h Cabi„ot;at ni n r;at "'■^"^" °^ -'elli^lf tf/^: a-y was in n.otion had bcea^onv Jaw tH^ that the F.oneh It«^s thus that the first authontfc intdl ° "^"^''^''''^ •"^^^^"^"ors the bane of a serious disaster to to p.f P^"""' '^'^S^ it eontalno I ^-'^rfyhy the antidote of the D ke'f s ''"° '""^' ^"''■^ 'r^mlifiod no Y* efollowing additional faets7-u;L ;:„%'' ^"^''"'^ «-' "' I"^ wn army collected in a p sition o . '''' ^^ the head of con c,e„ce and spirits, in nnlita^ n m, ic"- "^" '''^--. ^"^ ''5 utolhgence, which the nerves of Lord CasM T' °^ *'»« «*>' "in. to receive than those of Lord Livemonl '">"'' '''"' '^^"cr strung Mauncc l.U.,erald, the Knij. ;" ,^' ^^^^ ^'"^^'^t Honour^ -lad been attracted by the inter f of f "'°^ °"^"=^ «'^"-ns liiussels about a fortnight previous t^ I '°'"° "°^ P'^osent came entrusted with such a com nun T"'"'''^ ""'^'''- ^vlnoh he b ' on those who received it ^ beS' Tbir' -^ '''''' '^ ^-^"-^ nmts to insert the memorandum zV if ' "'''^ reference to our fnend had been induced by eircurn It ? T '""'' P''^'"'^"'' that our early hour on the 18th wUh tTe ^ ^'"'° ^''"^^^'^ '^t a very h-d but of endoavourin; to ':^h urr'r ^ '' '"'^"'^^ ^^ I^ C. Colville, whose divisfon was o„ L t?"'';''^'"^ "' «^"«'-^l Sir Ghent was his first objeet brirn V ° '* '^ *''*' ^^''ti^h army -seneumbered,heproi:d'd iTbtZf '''' ^ ^'-' -"'« accompamed by the late Mar.uis o olf;;"^; , '''^ K"%ht was We arrived at Antwern ah.,,/^ « ' "'^ '^^ ■'''^^«- -freshing ourselves an S, ' atthe" H f /"--"^'-^ after we proceeded to Ghent as fast L we iT^f ''' '^°'^' '''^ ^onv, two o'cloclc. We dined wi 1 tl com . 'r'" ""^"' *^^'-° "^^o^ regiment, who had been an old """" "'^'"^'"S o^cer of the 29th yc engaged a carriage a„d\rlr ?'"'"'" f ^"^^ Ormonde ; ^vision of the army unde ct fe , CoC r'^''" ""'"'^"'^ ^- tl"o hotel between six and sevnn , '"' ^ ^ns just enterin-. Malcolm drove up fro^ Br^^ls " T' IT'^ ^" '^^' "''^" «'^ ^^ ■ i told h.m our plan, when ho •O ,M ^: 336 APPENDIX. earnestly entreated me to wait till he had returned from the King of France, then at Ghent, to whom he was going to convey a message from the Duke of "Wellington. I waited accordingly ; on his return he pressed me in the most earnest manner to proceed to London and communicate to the Government what had occurred. He argued the necessity of such a course, from the Duke of Wellington having declared to him that morning that he would not write a line until he had fought a battle, and from the false and mischievous rumours which had circulated and gone to England, and the total ignorance of the English government as to what had taken place. Ho said that he was desirous of writing to the. First Lord of the Admiralty, but that etiquette precluded his entering into any details on military sub- jects when the General had not written : that if I consented I would greatly relieve the Government, and do essential public service, as, in- dependent of the Prussian case, of which I knew more than any other individual could communicate to tlie Government, there were subjects of a most confidential nature which he would entrust to me to be told to Lord Oastlcrcagh, our Foreign Minister ; that he would put mo into a sloop of war at Ostend and send me across at once. I how- ever, rather reluctantly assented. He then told me ho had left the Duke at half-past ton that morning with the army in position on ground which he had already examined, determined to give battle, and confident of succeas, and that ho was in military communication with Marshal Bl richer. " ' We accordingly changed our route and proceeded at once to Ostend, where the Admiral wrote a few lines, merely saying tiiat Bonaparte had defeated the Prussians with great loss, that the Duke was in position as described before, that he had prevailed on the Knight of Kerry to convey that despatch, who also could furnish all particulars which were as yet known, for the information of the Government. Wo had rather a slow passage. After we were under weigh a gendarme, with some mail bags in a boat, overtook the vessel, and said reports liad just arrived that the Duke of Wellington was driving the French at all points. We proceeded at once, after landing at Deal, to town, and arrived at tlie Admiralty at half-past four (Tuesday, Juno 20th). Lord Melvillo had gone to the House uf Lords, whither I followed him ; and on presenting the despatch Iio immediately summoned the Cabinet Ministers from both Houses to meet in the Cliancellor's room, which they did instantly. " ' I was requested to communicate the particulars referred to in Admiral Malcolm's letter ; I said (iu order to avoid anything; unnecessary) I wished to know how far the Cabinet was already- infoimod ( iH)t!i?nten di,sj)osed to iu bringing theii We have reason "lost cause for co VOL. ir. Al'i'ENDIX. . informed of wlmt Lul occurro.l • T . , t • ^^^ ^>nleon had n,ovod his army ? J '.T' /'"^ ""'^ ^^^^ ^'^^rd that to that offoct l,ad co.ne as but T^ l^'' "^"^''^ ^^ '^"'"gglers g- a detail of all the ci^u Sat ;S:^^^^^^ ''^' -^-'- I then and endeavoured to in.press on t'e . t .'"'"^ *° '"^ ^"^^'^'^'^S^' «« of the Duko of'weUi.lti^^i,*:^"'' ^""f ^^"^^'^"•^o in tl.o r ajo- I stated the nature of t fe J i L ^ ^/"'^ *''"' «''«»ld take I'^th, as explained to me bj the Con,n ! f " °^ '''" ^^"^'^'''^"^ «" the to deseribe very partieula.^ t ,e T^^^ f ' ''^^^ I was enabled ^.ven to n,e by a gallant oLe of e Rifle ^'''^ '^^"^''^ ^-«' - tl.e Duke during its contiuuanee and i ° ^"S'^'' "^^^o was near gave me a very elear aeeount oAhe 1 T ''°""'^''^' there; ho ;--er seen his Graee expose 1^, "so T f'"""' '''' ^^ ^-^^ thoroughly direct every part of * ™"''' Personally, or so -'- flghts With whiehi^rsia ii-:r'Tr';'- t -' ^'^ ^-^"■ f-.npbell's authority, the Duke's t "i.,/.„7 "T^' «» Sir Colin -i|;cl. ho had oeeupied on the ruorr^ZofkTf^^' '^ *'"^ S^^^'^^i . ; Mnusters expressed their gre r relkf V" ''*^'^- "''"ll'gence I Lad furnished, as fhe tow, L/t ^''''^'^''^'^ ^t tho V o.nost alarming and dangerous run 11 in'" "'"'"'■^'^^' ^••"' of nne siuee they had reeoifed a, y no !, ' '"'^ '^'' ^™'" tlio length Duke of Wellington, considerab ^nx e l' 'Tr''''""'' ^^^ tho hat had effectually removed On ^"fo ^ "'' '^"''°'^' ^«* I called on Lord Castlercn-^h before I """'« "'°''"'"g early !"■" whether he thought I had „'t j ul" f ° 1^7'^-- ^ -ked confi ence which I n.yself felt as' tho Z ^'■'^'''''' '''' P'^'-f'^et ;; d, but that he wished for a good del ^f ""'""'''■ ^^' ^^^^^ I fen explained to him those particulars wifi TTr"''°'' ''''^ "^«' I es.red me confidentially to conv'/p tfcu f 1 '^"""'^ '^^■•^-'- '^"-^^l epo.t,on and personal safety oTibTF eS"' *° ^'^'''* ^"'^^-"ed wliich :t IS unnecessary to recap ft.l'e Xvl l"^' ""^ ''^''' ? ^'-^ts d'seusston on the whole state of tbe A, ! t^ ' '"°^' interesting wa. Itwascertainlygrat,fyiu. ;V,1 0?" v' ''^'^""^ '° *'^' of M.n,sters, and through them .' ih; '.. VT 'f'''^ *^« »"^ioty iBo^ the nmroL to Paris,' * ^^'''^^''' ^»* Sir P. Malcolm lost •' Of the numerous critics of the -Rnl • been disposed to consider tha. tho IW ^"" ''T'^^' '°^o have ";. b<'ng,ng their colunms to b Ir e^'t "l "" "" ''''' ''''' ^^o^ ^Ve have reason to believe th-t X in l ? ' "" '''" ^'''^'''^ ^-'"ght -'o.t cause for complaint nbVoro^nl "'° "°"'^ ^-- ' d ,:r ''°"'^' ^^ *''« ^"■''t' to entertain 8!38 APPENDIX. this charge. Wo fenl very certain that if the Duke could have exchanged commands with Bliicher or Buiow on that day, ho would have been very cautious how he brought into action by driblets even that portion of the Prussian troops which had not actually shared the discomfiture of Ligny. Captain Siborno judiciously avoids casting any reflection on the Prussians, though he states the fact that General Zicthen refused to detach any portion of his troops for the pufpcso of strengthening, by their partial aid, the British line of battle at a moment certainly of great pres.sure. We dnqbt not that Zielhen's orders on this head were strict. We believe them to hav- been dictated by a wise canition, and we look upon the conduct of the Prussians and their commander on the 18th with no feeling but that of admiration for the energy with which they 1ml rallied after discom- fiture, and the boldness with which they left General Thiclman to make the best he could of it against GroucLy'a superior force at AVavre. Before the rijtreat ou the morning of the 17th, speculation was busy among our officers on the outposts at Quatre Bras as to the probable results of the affair of the previous day to the Prussian force. A party of them was joined by Captain, nu.v Colo'iol, Wood, who had just ret-irnod from the patrole service mentioned above. Will they stop before they reach the Rhine ? was a question started by one. Captain Wood, who had seen much service with the Prussians, having been on the staff of Sir C. Stewart (now Lord Londonderry) iu 181:; and 1814, replied, ' If Bliicher or Bulow be alive, you may depend upon it thj) will stop at no great distance' The j'oung officer was right, as Napoleon found to his cost. Wo know that, whatever in- competent critics may say, the highest testimony to the co-operation of the Prussians in every particular, that of the Duke, has been ever since unvaried and uncompromising ; nor has he ever stopped or stooped. to consider whether by doing justice to the fame of his allies he might give a handle to his enemies to detract from his own. '• Wo do not on this occasion choose to enter upon any formal criticism of Anpoleon as a general. We must, however, say, that if Engliali writers were as much dispo.'^rd i<_> detract from his reputniiou as tliey are to cavil at the conduct of the Duke and Bliicher, come documents under Iiis own hand would afibrd them matter for animadversion. Take, for instan addi':- • . to a man who has just been placed at the head of sonio 40,000 men. so much a I' unprovisic, t!,,\i he did not even ku'W ii«: uvaes of iiis officers, or what the Gtrasaus eali the tksiocation of Lis troops, muuij APPENDIX. obliged to select then a Eo Tl' '^'"ff-"'^--. ''-at ho ,va >;7';i« -an, in the L of'h rSlf '" '"^T"' °^ ^''° ^^ > o'c-'lock of the IGth, is direeted t bo at ' "^''r''^ "* •■''^°"' "^'^^en »«f t morning, and in the seeo„d it , f"" ^^ '''''' '^''^'^^^ tho lability that tho i:nHish had T"'"'^ "' '"'■^"'''- °f '''g'- pro- ^-elles. Let it not be t^rt tn Z^^'r' , ^^^ ^-'^-'^ and or guessing at the Duke's d".r "^°^'""' "^''"^ °f ^^'^rning ^vbich the Duke possesserofe?r"V'''° ^^'^ S^'^''^'^'- *''«" an^ of b>.^ grounds for belief to sav f °-. ^^ '°" '" °"'' '>oranco Duke's eareer ].o had gil o d k t • ' '' ^"^ ^"'^ P"-^ of tho d.«pla,ed ignoranee soirplete is ,> '^^^''^^'^ ^o e.eeute, or Ney, his Despatehes would h t b In Stt^ " ^' *^^° ^^'"^^ ^'^ and quoted in the House of Corm, ''^""''^'^ ^- = Radical press for command. ^""""""'^ «« ovideneo of his incapaeitj " The only real gJeam of success fn f I r , was that occupation of tho farm o/l[ nlJ'^f "'™^ «* ^^^'^'erloo adverted. F.on. Captain Siborne's na rr L '^ " '' ^^'''''' ^^<^ ^''''^-^ absurdly of the proposition mai^tanrbvlo '' T'' '^ '''''' *^- of this post was one of snnll : , ^ '"'"'''■"' *''at the loss ^-ti.sh army. It .^^a^^^Z^r "" ^'"^'' ^"j'^^' *° ^^- t-allossof lifo and limb i!; r r^jL^ l^^ *° -- "ddi- nght arm is an instance-it gave fioi II ^ '*''"°^' So'iierset's repeated attacks on our centrT and i T "^° ^'''■""'' ^^^ ^heir polled to retire, it would hav be'e. of "re't "T' °' "" '''^"'S -- -'gbt havo been avoided for i ° ^ '' '1^™'""^-° *° ^''^m. It e^baustion of the ammunition fo i LrH^r";', ^^' ^''-S but oinmuu.cation with the farm, by a galfa' o , T. ''"'' ^"' °"° to Genappes, and this was coi m andcd iv ,1 '""^ ^'°'" ^™««oIs easy remedy might havo boon, tnfo'lu 1 ""' '''''''''' ^" "amely, to break out a communication ti^/"' "''' ^^^P'^*^- armhouse, which would have en Jit?' ^ ^"^ "''^" "^ *^° duetion of ammunition, but for tie reliof i "°' ""'^ ^^^^ ^'^ '"^^o- «ary. of the garrison. ' We doubt ^In '"^ '•<^'"^^'-««">0"t, if .eces- tbe aegloet of so minute a featur n ' '' '° T ''°'^*''^^"*^^ -''V-e eventual importance) would be laid In i^ ^ "'''°" (^^•'^*'^^'«r its « -f We have rLon. how "e/ to 1;^""',°' ''' '^""'"^"^-•-■ often volunteered to bear its rl llr ''' '^''' ^'"^ »"ko bas confession he has had to make r ^ n ^ ^ ' '"''^' '' '' '' *^° o^^J bis Grace. '"'^^- ^° '^^^^ "ot dispute the point with TT-T- i n 340 APPENDIX. " After tlio repulse of the various attacks made upon our centre, first by cavalry, then by infantry, and thirdly by the two combined, it was expected that the next would be made by cavalry, infantry, and artillery combined. It was obvious that our troops would require extension of lino to engage with the infantry, and solidity to engage with the cavalry ; but thoy could not have the necessary extension if formed in squares as before, nor the necessary solidity if formed in line in the usual order, two deep. They were therefore formed four deep. With this formation thoy cru.shcd with their fire, or scattered with the bayonet, every description of force which came against them : and yet some tacticians have been found to censure this feature also in the Duke's dispositions. When at last their long endurance was rewarded by their finding themselves in possession of the enemy's position, and of every gun of that artillery which had dcoimatcd their ranks, a singular, and we believe novel, feature of the scene served to disclose the sudden and complete nature of the route of their antag- onists. Where the French reserves had been posted in rear of the front line, the mu.skets of considerable bodies of men were found piled and abandoned — a circumstance which shows how rapid may bo the contagion of despair even in the ranks of a ration never excelled for exploits cither of collective or individual bravery. The Briti.sh troops soon made over the task of pursuit to their less exhausted allies. Very forward among the British horsemen at this period, riding with a slack rein and somcwliat of a Leicestershire scat, might bo seen an Engli.sh gentleman in the ordinary attire of that respect- able but immilitary character : this was Lord Apsley, the present Earl Bathurst, who had assisted at the battle as an amateur from its commeneament, and who followed its fortunes to the last. Before the first Khot was fired, his lordship had fallen in at the right of our line with Lord Hill, who in his own quiet and comfortable manner addressed him, ' Well, my Lord, I think your lordship will see a great battle to-day.' ' Indeed !' ' Yes, indeed, my Lord ; and I think tlio French will get such. a thrashing as they have seldom had.' A fair spocimen of the spirit in which our old campaigners met the ^^trsd^LV of Napoleon's prescuco. It was the simple confession of faith and conviction founded on experience ; for who ever heard boast or bravado from the lipg of the Shrop.shirc farmer? Lord Ap.sley, Laving ultimately riddea to the extreme of the English pursuit, wa.«, we believe, on returning to liaad-{juavtcr.s, the first to comujunicate to the Duke that the whole of the Crenel: artillery w»a in our possession. " In th( read : — '■'Welli witliout CO upon sccrt Paris, as tc would furn conduct, wt false inforn ^!/ his corn. by Foucht: "' After r impudently i " Kxtraori following sta sources of in tho battle. ' person, bearii thentic accou: dispatched frc commeneemoi: a female, who who travelled but, being stoj arrive till aftei fo be, seems t( correspondence the suspicion i ho contrived so purpose which i ance of the Fr piece of intelligi sagacity had in which Fouchc ai other hand, Wol Juillet,je n'avai quelconque, ni a' to Dumouriez, G consistent with tl nccuracy would h it is not so. It communication wi Ari'EXDIX "In tho thiril and roviao.l v.- ''"^^ «ad :- '''''''^ ^J't'on of Mr, Alison'. ' History,' wo /• ' Welliugton and Bloclier nf fi • Without correct informatioa n.s [oVl ''''!''''' P"''"°''. ^cro either upon secret i„tclligoncc, wl.ie , To^; '"'^'^^ f-f="^' °'' '■^''^'"o 1'ar.s as to his moveu.cnts. This Zul ,';"''""^'"^ ^^^ t''"» f''^'" would furnisl. ground for a scrioTs 1 1 r "'''"" "'^' ^''-'J-^' ^^« , conduct, were it not that it isZv °" ^'"^ ^*"'^-^'^ "'ilifarj '• J'-xtraordinary a,s this storv i. •,,.'""'" Focccds :— following statenient of Sir Walter ' slfir' "°!'"''*"^'i°« ^om tho sources of inforn^ation, which he obtr' I ^'' """"" '" ^'" ^'''' *'- battle. '^ I ,..ve ululer.sLd "tt^ ;:' f ' '"''l ' '^^ -<^^^ after person, bearing for Lord Weill,, ton's if "''.?°'"' """""■'^>'' *''^>t a t-ntc account of «onaparte "p,; ^ 'r"'*"" \'^^''^'^^ ""^ au- d'spatchedfron. Paris in time to L *'' V'T'^''^"' ^^■''•^ a«'»»l'y commoncon.ent of hostilitio n;, '' ''''''^ ^'""-■^''^ before tho a female, who was furnished .-i!J 1™""?'""'"" '''' '^"^''"•^'^'J to who travelled with all d patch it f"' ''"'" ^'°""'"'^ ^'"-^^'f, and but, being stopped for t Jt^; o„ T/" T""^'"'' '''^'- '"--" amvo til, after the battle of t m r^^'^ f ^'^'--^ ^'iJ no^ '- ^Meems to countenance the ont-o,;^ r^"' ■^'"''^ ^^'''''■^■^•^^■' correspondence with the allic and 1 , , "'"'"^' '"'""Gained a tho suspicion that, though Id; '1"?,^'^' °» '^<^ «t''cr l^and, to lao contrived so to manal n I ! '" "'^"'>"- '" 'Pest on, purpose which it was calcul eTsZ"' tr'i '' '°° ^'^'^^ *-• ^'"e auceof the French on the Sambre ^s ,f V"^" '^^'^^Mhe appear- piece of intelligence." (P,„,/., ^J 'J^^ ^\ ^™««f an unexpected sagacity had in this instance divined he J' '^ 'T"^''^^"'^''^ "'at Scott's which Pouche afterwards stat d in , Ir ^ ' """" '^ '^'' 1«'^«"o» other hand, Wellington say ^Avln In "" •'" "^ '' '''' «" the J-let,je n'avais jamais 'vu Fon'm "■'"■"' ^''"" *^" "'°'« '^^ queleonque, „i avec aucun dc ceT. oui sonVr'° ^"' -'"numieation to Dumouricz, Gurwood, vol. xTp ^ , T f 7. '''' '"' " (hotter consistent with the former, the B^kX Lj f"''!'''^' ^as in- TT'TlIf "W 842 APPENDIX, '• Mr. Alison then goes on to show, from various pa.ssngcs of tho Duko's lottcrs, that ho was in communication at various period,"* with persons at Paris, and cites one letter to a Mr. Ilcnoul, in wlu-^h a lady i.s mentioned. " It will appear from all the above that Mr. Alison has, in one of his tacit coi-rcctions, borrowed without acknowledgment from tho Quiutorly, withdrawn from his nssertion that tho Duko was knowingly in correspondence with Fouclu'. IIo now shapes his imputation in another form. Ho assorts that tho Duko was not only in communi- cation witli certain puppets of Fouche'.s at Paris, but that ho n tually governed hh own military sclicmos, the position and movenicK ^ of his army, and rested the fate of Europe on the expectation or posses- sion of intelligence from such quarters. If, as Bnrko said, a man cannot live down these contemptible calumnies, ho must put up with them. If the Duke's lifo and exploits cannot acquit him of such misorablo . ' ,.j licity in the eyes of Englishmen, we can jrivo him little assistau . I' cause the Duke say.s, on tho 13th of Juno, ' I havi> ttocoun;: tVc-i.i Paris of the 10th, on which day Bonaparte was still there,' ii i.* ! :;ously argued that ho was very likely to believe that parties wh ) Mipplied intelligence of a circumstance so recondite as the presence of Bonaparte at tho Tuileries, could and would also supply tlic programme of Bonaparte's intended campaign. Mr. Alison, however, still resting tho weight of his structure on Fouche'.s Jlcmoirs, props up the rubbish of such a foundation by the authority of ' Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk.' What does tho extract from such a work as 'Paul's Letters' prove? It proves that when occu- pied in tho agreeable pastime of picking up anecdotes for a volume of slight structure and momentary interest. Sir W. Scott gave a rash credence to one then current at Paris, which was afterwards elabo- rated by the literary forger of Foucho's name. It is on such authori- ties as these that the author of a work of tivciUy years fastens on tlie Duko of Wellington a charge of credulous imbecility. Whatever be the probabilities of tho case, we have one sufficient answer, which wo can give on authority — it is totally and absolutely false. We re- peat, and are enabled and bound to say that we repeat on authority, that not one single passage of the Duke's conduct at tliis period was in the remotc.-l degree influenced by such causes as those invented at Paris, a,nd ndoptcd by Mr. Alison. But the Duke had communi- cations with Paris. To bo sure ho had. Common sense would indi- cate, if the Despatches did not. that the Duke used what moans tho iron frontier in his front permitted to obtain all obtM^ ,;ililu in- telligence from Paris. He would have been wanting in li i.s duty if ho had nog] tinund pros puted (lostiri lc.«s endeavf rapid, if „ot strike nobod agent of the' to know for cnour:!, to sc EiiL'ii.shmnn : "s t'lis, tho D singularly wit Peninsula. I points of (bfi positions of t comparison at serve tho purp " On tho ni^ of arms in Por in his ♦ent by stranger. The am come,' ho si who commands fore daylight; ' Such news, if Arthur, who ha( Duke of Well in tnow tho fact j Junot's army fin that of Alcoba9a is again my lodg busily engaged it over his eyes, as held him there til It was an order t hour, and in such made my way to ^ sometimes though' for Wilkio. For facilities for infor country where the tlie cause he serv M'l'ENDlX. Ill "^ i ') strike nobod, „« i. . , :' t : •„ ""^" *''° ' ^^-''-r.' e u ••tgoutoffl.esoftor J,,,,^' ,;;^^^ these transactions „n jnou.-' to «ocuro I.e.- servi. "a T ' '^ '^"^ , " ^'"'^ "^ '■"I-'-fanco f-.l,,sh,nan af l,oa,l.,,„arte , pte '". ' '•'^*^»"'^<=tion of any I^o'unsnla. It ^v-.n. but comn,o". ft '"^^'^'"'-^ "^"J^^'od in tho ro".>ts of ,,^,,,„ ^^,^ to b,rt 1 "","" '^■"— tho VosiUous of tho two antagonist or ^'^m^^^My tho relatlvo --;;.ep„rp,.e better ,;rr'5;i2/''^' "" ^"--- ">ay «m conie,' ho said/- to givo f u t tl ""I''' ''"'^ '"t'-o.lueod. < I . 0- d''yligl.t; and if ,ou wis'h o • 'Z'^'^'"'' '' ''''''' '- Such news, if truo, justified the intri 1 •'' '""'' ^" •1"''^J^'-' Arthur, who had not then aftained t 1 " I " ''"''""•^^' '° Sir »uke of Wellington had re Id ^S^ °''''""^ ^'- kuowtho fact you acquaint n, wi , T " '"'r^'''^- ^^o you Jnnot's army finst ontere.lPortu.nl hi w "'° ' '•'•^i''i'^'V When tl'at of Alcoba,a, and one of h^^^^'] "^"''T' " °"'' -"-"*, busdy engaged in writing. J stole be i, 1 ^ "'^ «^«>""S I'o was over his eyes, as boys do i„ pi y Chile I"" ","' ^'^'''^ '">' '--'« eld him there till I had read £ o J IT'^'' *° ^'' ^--. -cl It was an order to General TI m " " i • "^'' ^" "'''^^ ^"'''"S" '-r, and in such a direction. I 1 -e « ,? '" •'°^"" '^^ -«'' '- ■"ade my way to your .jfuarters, to td you „" r°'" '° '°"^'"^' "'"^ sometnnes thought that this in ident wo ,1 T '''"™'"^-' ^^'° ^'^^ve for Wilkio. For our purpo e t 2 '' '"^'^'^ ^ g°°'' «»bjoct facilities for information 'at h c m ^ nror^' "'"'"'•°" °^ *'- country where the peasantry and 2 i oo. ' T''' "°^'"S "» « *'- cause he serves, Suel' at lei:; a^ Ir^'r ?' ""/ "'^^^ "-'• •'• tJie disposal of a IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ■X lU 12.2 : Its 12.0 L25 iu I 1.6 Hiotographic _Sciences Corporation as WBT MAIN STMIT WIISTIR,N.Y. I4SM (716)t72-4S03 A M, u,;:\ l.v a triplo line of fortrossf,-. aiid tli.'ir platT is ill suiplicd bv \y.Mv,\ puilicoats a-itl tlic gossip of a iiu'tropolis. Till! plan of Ho'iiai-arto's campaign? Can niivtiiiii)? le more i-iiilJisli tlian to suppose fliat the Duko could have relied, for tills is the iiucstiou. on ^'roiicli traitors for hiuIi a dotunient I \\ lien a Hoet is about to nail ou a secret expedition, a thousand circuni- HtauccB arc open to the iiKiuiries of active agents. The very nature of the stores embarked, the name of some ollieur ordered ti> join, will often indicate its destination. The consequence gonnrally is. that by the time the scaled orders are opened in a specified hititude, the enemy has enjoyed for weeks a full knowledge of the object of the expedition. We well remember, in the summer of l.^ 10, hearing that cvrtain intrenching tools were to be embarked for the Mediterranean, and that a certain officer, famous for his ajiplication of such niaterials at yt. .Sebastian aii(i elsewhere, was to bo picked up at (Jibraltar. We wanted no paid spy or treacherous clerk to tell us that Aero, or possibly Alexandria, would feel the ellect of those preparations. With respcot to the general plan iiiid scheme of the Duke's opera- tions, as far as they depended on himself, they were open enough to discovery, if missed by conjectiii-e. 'i'hey were necessarily subjects of comnuiiiieation and concert with a dozen friendly powers mustering their forces on dirt'ereut points from Ostcnd to the confines of Switzer- land. It so hapi>ened that the plan of IJonaparte's campaign, whicii could consist in nothing else but a choice of road.s, was one which it was unneccssarv for him to communicate to a single human being till he gave his orders front Iiead-ijuartcrs for its prompt execu- tion. # • • • • " It requires some knowledge of human nature to believe that a respectable man, in possession of his senses, can. on a review of the facts, continue to entertain the notion that sitrjirisr is a term appli- cable to the position and conduct of tho Duke. Let us suppose the case of a country house in Tipperary, a period of Uoekite disturbance ind a family which has received iutelligeneo that an attack is to he made upon it. The windows are barricaded as well as circumstances will admit ; but the premises arc extensive, and the hall door, tlic kitchen and the pantry remain weak and assailable. Tho trampling of footsteps is heard in the shrubbery. There would bo ndviscM enough, and confusion enough in conseiiueiice. if tho head of tlio family were a man who invited advice, but ho is an ohl soldier wlioiu few would venture to approach with buggostions. His nerves arc flT»«i>liitil APPENTJIX y t.np-,«s]vo f„ (1,0 fMPf ,],.„,,, P<'i''"'i,. 1)11 |„. 1 of ill of Ills f, l\l:ci\v ••ivf (I, IOC "li-i!,! irce IIS Ic UlVcs II "'"■\'" •""»•'■'• inni, (ill ,l„. ,1,.,,,, JIIIll icf, s.'i,.f.f,.,i. ri„. aii;.a '"Cf...,.,,li.sl„.,l. „„, „ ^i, ■I"' liillcd. tl 1""M nn«;it,.!„.,l . l,p K- a^s.vitt i.s con.lucted h '<-' iiiiti.itivc and (! •ImI i«O.S Mil 84A v Rock ic oliolco •"f'siiiiii P'* '• Well i„ |,„„j IS ro,,„lier is |,p„,,| „t „ vor snoiiii is 1 IllSslliir .. 'J""''* "f (lie (]uf t!.< f.r I C ['« ff'.iff .Iisp..r.s..d. n„j i,, ,^,^,j '^vpiiiio. is nhimntp) y IS rcsforcd fo the 1} ff is pill.iiit iiii all iriiici-.s |i;,vo a! i'O iiiiiiii (i.-'saiilt ooii coiici.|iiia(ed C'lve llic inaslcr li pniK'd. ""'1 '"If of an old so Woiii:i|) w W:is iilti. 'fi y "'akiiig Iliu, l,,,];,,^.^. ^,^^j ji 'It is nnt tiiatfor of (1 M.otvodod i„ ha,nl,ooz|„,„ _'"> l'="l l.o,.ii liiivd to do ''" "ttaok was jiost «tr,ition, that wliatcv cory an.l speculation, but of ,,bs„| I'loecedings^ tlioy or wore tlic "G iinuits or d i'*o donion- of iiasto and wo'o not an accident of the 8"n''"i'^o. Imt stricll P-oconeeivcd sysien, ..f „e,,„ dyop study and f,dl knowK-d and y m aceoi iiiu. adopted, in •-''"orits of tlie DuK-e'8 (lie offs| Jlr. Alison bas formed re of ••loiiieiit ci coil CO iiin and every ciiciiinstanco of | li Iiis all pjirt of a les. on mnnaged tlio wliol,. tl I'^-o-tsin ,s in berM.ijes.ys service wl M'o d Ins posit'on. 'i liaro > not believe proper value I'o «ill not rale tbut ^o man tl bo afleclid I , l> lino's; but we I porliaps ever lived wboso ncr y tl D ii«o considej'cd I ■'"■ ""^^'■^' piesligo of xVapol i;iv« Mason to believe tiat •vrm.s sv..fp,„ w,„ Ip„ ,:,.^,j^ '^■"11^ r.;ii;,e (!,,,„ ,1 *" ili'y come unde i'y ill takiiinr ,„lvan| '"" I"''C'"i>ioiit over every one «| •11 Olio ad le iii'U'o (Iio 'I'Hibt wlieilicr il a.^.am.panso„^,b,tofpi.onip,itn,Ica,.d ly bo per '0 COllM bv p,,g. '/TO of a fa! tjualit ^e move. U deJ u imi '"'"•"'< 'y t'.ve.i,plilied liy\\apoI y uiis ever, ill any singl laiici liiit lit nil cvoi.ts ou tl «e I, an by Well i;iifili»li CoMimaiidw to Lo tLe in)"' lliat it w 'IS CO|i> o.v.'er- iiiitled to iiislaiiee. moro I'iLiioii at ,Sala- ideicj by i| lie 'iivuiuii 840 Al'PK.VDIX. of iSlTi. The ninii to wlimn tlio l)iiko nllribuird flii^ jxiiticulur prc-cininoncc Iiml cnllcofcil nn nnny of vct< rniis nn tlic frontier «if tlic (li'imrtnicnt of tlio N'ortli. one brislliiij^ witli f(irtrc.«scH in wliicli Lo miglit cover nml iirotect, nnil tlH position, no part of wliicli couM linvc boen aftaekoil liy tlicni. Tp to n eivon moment :if loast — tlic moment when tlio allied powers on tlie Kliine .slionlil )i' ready to move off in concert, and keep tlio stop — Napoleon liad tin- indisputable advantage of tlio fir.-t move;. Secreey. rapidity, nm! choice of direction on vulnerable points, \vh:ft such a contingtncy. With a view to this danger als). ever iblo exertion liad bc-n made to put into a condition of defence ..a, Ath, Tournay. Y\. Ostend, Nieuport, and Ghent. The .state in which the Duke fr\ii.l these places had bcin such as to make it impo.'-^ible, in tW time allowed bim, to complete their defences. Still such progress hud been made as to ju.stify liim in endeavouring to compa.ss the great object of the preservation of tlie Belgian capital by ocoiiny ing a po.sition in advance of it, whicii without the support of tiin.'c jibces, bo would, as wo have rcniou to believe, not have ventund to take up. The Duko and IJiiicher certainly agreed to ocoii,;. this outpost of the armies of coalised ]]iiropo on a system of tlieu- own — one which they ihouglit best calculated to meet the impendiii:^ storm in each unu every of it.s po.vsi!>lo directions. In the mmuciit of impending conflict the Duke < crtainly did not depart from ii Tho first breathless courier — \v!io might perbap.s have brouglii intelligenco of a false attack — did rot shake bis calm and settled purpose. " It may well be, and wo believe it, that no other man living oould have Totain«d tho imperturbable coolness which tho Duke exhibite otr to fl liaviii''""^' other r.-enara.ion ;'""".'" ^"'- "^ l"'" f'"- tho tl'c attendance of son.o of tho o , '"'""-' ■^■''° ''«J ''"Sa-red of ^- hrothe... r^^iuu.:: 'id T:Z^Z'r' f T ^"^ ^'•^•-- ncntul guest, the real lIi„M„„., ,:,""'' "'•"'""^ '" -^''o^v her eonti- t-of discussion whether or „o ^^TT:' '' ^'^■""•"' '"at" -a. Tho deliherare jnd.n.elt o h 1 j'n''- f?',''''^'''^ '" P- There were reasons good for this I t "'"'"' '' '^''«"'d- ;'- ''-.I to say that'tho stl^ J iijr;^'; ,^' if -nioient on lands generally, and in ]inr- els in ,. I ^ ^"^ "' ^'''^ ^'^''^"'«r- ;7;;'^I'-sa.hin,delir ,r 'i;:;/r'""'^^^^^ ^f the .nevi.ahle n.on.ent of aiaru, to ! ^"■^'''""'' *° *''« tl-t ci.ieal interval which r.Tt~ '""■'"' "'^ f'"" «« Po^^^iblo •'-..Iful thing and iUo fir,'; , r; '''^^'^T' *''^ -'"'« of . "'t-nt of actual hostilities and th ei 1 '''" ''"^''° """"""ee- neeessary order had been issued , J soT" '" /'" "'-''^'- ^'^^-^ 848 AI'i'KNDlX. tliroupli tliu oniilonniontH. Tlio fjcnornl ofliccrs then in Hrnssols lind tlicir iiistrnctiiins to iiftoiid nnd t(i (Iroji off ."inply nnd willioiit «'.•/«/, mill ji'iii lluir (livisimis mi flic iniiicli. Tlu' Duke Iiinisilf rcumlmd Infer, (H'cnj)ii'd flio |ilac(> of lionoiir ut tlio Kti|i|ioi' nnd roluriicd fliaiikx for flic toiiHt to liiiii.scif nnd tlio nlliod nrniy. wliiuli wa^ pm- pnsod liy (M'lipriil AInvn. At nliont eleven n deH|i!itcli nrrivcd friun flic Prince of Orimpe, slntrfly after rendin;^ wiiieli tlic Duko retired, snlutiii),; tlio company graciously. On that cdnnfennneo, ehccrfiil nnd di.sengapetl ns usinil, nono could re.td the workings of the ealiii but busy mind beneath. The state of fliing'-°»^'''«d at all .luartera W. are, in fact, n 2^1^^'^ «" r'T""-'- 'V"." all t" i'-ve contnbution. levied u^o '„ "«„" T '""" '^ '"«"'^' »"cl|illiic« Milfiint 3,(1)111 " Cork IU, on tho Engl porLs or inon ^t'vul■al coluin to hoiidon. '• Let any njattor, and ji ArrrxDix. 801 .»;;^^.», ™d ,:!:l:::::^:Iz,:^T:7r''°'"'• «.■o "I." ::: :: „z,;,;;;;' 1'',^'; • r, -'■« --"- .r .„„ .-1':™ ::r':.':::',,i;;.i::; """:" <■' ""™ 'r""'--. ™a i..™ Ji„.„„.,. it t ?;" j "'?' ','," "■■"■."»'." ..•' n..J »i.l.ia .1,0 .1.0 .... .......ii-rrr r:,;iv:'s'; : ;:r;"";K; t?'; on il„. V„ !• I : ' '''«'^^"'l>ai-kiition at named points on tiK. h„.l,.s|, oon«t,-tl,at of tl.o urtillory and cavilrv in T, ? i.or..s or .nou.hB of rivers, and Hu, as.sen.hl/„t l.ed p'oi s f E ; 352 ATPKNUIX. " I kimu- ii'> ni'ulo of rcNi^tiuicp. iinifli !•'«(» <<( protci-irnti. from iM.* diiiifriT, rxci'iiliijr Iiy 'mv niiny in l' r li.M fiipili'o if iiufliic^ nini ciiuii'iiilii g w'ttU its f irmiiliililo omiiv. niiKil \iy ull lliu nuniis nf I'lfii- ticiitimi wliiu'i oxjioricmu in «ur cm >»ii:i'jri'»l.!ill le ilcciiinl fiii.l-I,iif(Iy ill cii^iJi^'ii'g f .r llio ilefi'iic.- of t'lu einiiiif Willi ii!i iiiiiiy ciMiiioMi'tl of mkIi ii fnco of mil I'm. I iinv l»o . xo I ciiir.'.xs if, I flioiilil iiifiiiil.ly prtf r. iiii'l mIi.iu!(I f rl im r^ c >ii. Il'lot c(! ill. nil Jinny uf i-t uuhir tiiH.| h. 15 ii I /. noir tU.it I >l:i',\ not liiuo lIiiMu; I iiijiy liavo l!ic ollifis: :iinl if .m iiiUliliiMi is mti 'n t* tlif cxisli' jr re jii!:ii' iiiiiiy iillullf I f..i- lionii' di fi-iicc of n f .mi- vt' c't will c>«t '100 0;)0/ a yi«,ir tIi"ro wuiM Im » willi •ici,i iii%ri| Ii ti| fiiiro ill the licIJ to cuiibie liim wiiu slntiilJ iMiiunmiiil to tl. fii,.! ijm cmi'itry •'Tills is my view of our il.nigof anj mir rosonieni I w.i< nwnio tlitit niir iiiii,'.r:iziiics niul iiMciia!!! \<:v\<: Viry ii a.lc.ni itfly .•*ii|i|ilii-i| wiili ordiiiiiiiod :iii(J (Miri i;ri'i. niius. Moivs of nil ili')ioics >iiici> tlio tiriiii- iiatiuii of i\,Q l;i!c wiir, in onlfr lo iliiiiitiisli liie ili'iii.ii:*) of supply to i-iiiry on tiio poncu sei vifo of tlic Onliuince; in p.iit by lliu con- flajjiiitioti of (Iin aisi'lia! w1iii-li ociMincd in llic Tmvi-f mhiih- vc-ifs n"i). ami by the iliftifuily midcr wtiieli nil jr'ivi'ii. moots in l!ii,<< cinmiiy labour in prcvailiii;,' upon P.irliiiniunt, in limo of pi-ncu. (» take Into considcratioi) moa«iiiic3 iiccCMiiry for (lie safoty uf llic cmiitiy in time of war. '• Tlio state of tlie ordnaMCO, nrniH. amminiiUon, &c , in mafrnzinos. if, iu part, a question cf expense, aiiJ perLiips, in some doyreo, oua of liino "I wonM recommend to have an nlpbalietical list of the stores examined by a cimmilico, iinJ made out in form, as upon tl.o enclosed lialfxlirct of japcr, by ascortainin-^ what tliirc was in 1?04, and wbat tlicu is in utoru now, uf cjuli ariielo, and ibo difft'ri'iico bclwei'n liio two nni'mnt.^. I Iimvc taken tlic vnar ItOl a3 tlio fcfundiid. as that was tho year in wbli-li ihc invasion was threatened. It was provioii.s to the iniploymeut of the ariniiH in tile PoniiLSulii or North America; in hlmrt. as nearly aa po.^sibjo niniilar to tho politic:il tiienni.slaoces in which we hiond at t!ii^ moment, exempting tiiat we arc now at peace with France— wo weio then at war. "A fourth polimin would ki tho o.stlnnto of tlie ovpmiso of brin'riuT the magazino.s t.i the .^tate in wliioh tlioy wore in IcOl. '•With this information before Liui, tho Master (J eucral eoulU APPEXDIX. u$ f::'t:::;:;:;::;;:i:;;;v:[i;':r^""."' "- -».. .r „,.„„„, ty<- .ir..„ ^, i, „,„ .„,,,.,"; ' I""" J""" ™ for ,o.„. 'l'ir«.o„l .1,,,,. y„„ .ill ' " "" r' ''f '■■"' •JiNini.l,., ., tf'o nn«inn,t.|it. ^' ""*• "' "'o mode and co«t of '■ I Imvo il()ii(« iiinrr. r i,„..„ . , , ';-'•;••- i" .,-.i.t dcai,. n V t:t "' ""'^ ""''^^■^"^ '''-« '- ""t 1.0... ..„a..c.u,s,o....Hl. T, ; ; 'i'r";'"^ •" -'"'■'• ...y u.i„d "'i« e.,u..,ry. I will, if ,o., „ j , ,"° '"■;?'''»' ''^''"-ivo part of "••""all .1.0 detail. ..f this suhj^i /""'"' '''*''^' "'''' ^•"^ o» . .0 CHain., of fail,.,. „• ,, j ', "^ j^ "'u c«,,ooial|, .e„«ib,e ''"i"lil.le di.,raco of «„el 'fa rZp tt'r' T'/"'. '''' '•'■^=--' "'« cntaulcd 8M.cc«.sf.,lly i„ aru>« ,.,,!''"'"' 'V'""- "' ""r own ti,„o«, "-^n.d,.e.,d..e„udU:;':,^;:;::,.7 '""^ -"^ ^'"^^^-'^ a.-iMimstai.ct.,s. fo,..,,ttii,a.,h.Mr,.tl.,.,. .1 ^ ^ "'"''''■ existing i«.iJc.i,,«„,i>i;h,„„, „; ■"' T"?: "'" """rii""i"..» i«vicj, 854 APPF-XDIX. army wliiili iimilo tlio rou-iucst ! Look at llio cond'iPt of tlu) nlliotl nriiiy wliii'h iiivu;»? Non- for d.l.ls left unpaid l.y Hritisli Ku'.jects in Frnncc, wlio cuenped from confinement imder cover of tlio inva^iion. in JSI I. liy tlm alli..l nnnir.M ? Cmi any iikui pretend to limit tlio amount of llio dcman.l on account of llio rnnli Unit ion ilr fiitrnr f " Then look nt llio condiliouM of tlio treaties of Paris, IPI I, 1^1' " Fiuiice having been in poxM'sMion of nearly every capital in Europe, nnd having lovied contrilmtions in cneh, nnd having hud in its poHttenftion or under its inlliieiieo the \vli of the tragedy which 1 uauuot persuade my contemporaries to take mensurca to avert. " Bvliovo uie. ever yours sincerely, '• Wkllinoton " JPPESDIX. 9A< APPENDIX No. vn. THE DVKK OF WKM.,,^!^^I^, ^v .o. "" 1'-^ tl.-n. c-ulfiva.o it T., .. v ,1 t^"" ''"^''^'"W I.o could do ""^""i"", TI.OM, „.|„. .,,,,,^,/ ; ;•""', it ro,,.i,.ed no little ^"'••i «.. .«ne,.h,...l v,.I,.., ,1 , ' ^^ ^\ ••;; J'"'«-"t ; for it .„., i„ """ '■""•.rk about it was l.at '" " *'"^'« 'J'l'« l^ukc's ;;;••"; '•;- l... ..i...,;i:: •' ^7;- - ;ve„,t,., ti.„a i,..:^^; '">• J'Hd out, the D.ko M„,.t en. 'v ;''"'" "'""""' "''«'"• ■■^''«-' ■-'il of tl,u oNtato is el.v J''.i.m;ro. l,ei„« very ,v..t. Tl.o « J'.r ""-^ f""^' ""'' <>'«<'">* of ^•x<0MHv..!v to clmiking, a very c,,., • ' '"■"'° "^"'•'^J Very ";•■; ';^ti.e Duke. a,nenI,::V "::;:i''r 'r ^•°'"i^'^''^>'^-*l^« '■'';•; ''-..eonvced IVon. .1... rail.?;! t 1 '" '"" ^•^^--^' ^''o il'« l"M.l i« cl.i.flv Uiod fnr , . ^ -i'.vauon pursued i« ,„ ,,„„.,,. „ ^^^ "^ ^-J^ -' Tl.e s^-.^tcn of "'•';'•"'/• """■•''•""...u.nn.tl.at a n ''". "''"' "'« «'^«^°«d I'"'— .«efll.u..f „.. f.....t „d ,.:":/"'!>' '" "P«-J to tI.o '--J "'"il it i.s brought i .'(•"' T"'''"^ '^'"'^'"^'^ ""d i'"- "''^"^ '" ^'■•'-''•"•. A.k.r .1 ! vl ! """' ^''^" '■' i« «ow„ with ;;"Hn« .be .in..r ; JL it t^ ll ^^ ' "'^ ^""^ '- -tou^d Joae of manure i. ...read u.on it wlL •' "'""^''' '" ^P""^' * »'oavy i-on u, which ,«„„„.ediately ploughed in. 350 APPENDIX. and tlie grnnnfl jilnntoil witli beans TIio k'^ns nrc diblili'il in hj women, who arc ein|)li>^cJ h\ task-wdil; ami who set ihc nm-d in rows marlii'il liy II Kanlun-Iinc. Daring I lie sumnn;r linj land is carofnlly iioed I)'t ween tliu ri(W.s : and. iiftur tin; bean cn)|) has boon rcinnved, it in ph)ngho(l and snwn with wlioat. Afior that fdlows b.n-luy, a iiortiiiii of wliich is laid dtiwii willi t'lovcr, the iv.-t b.'ing rcMorvud lo bo Kinvn in the f.. lb. wing spring willi [leas, nf whioh nn cxwiiont variety, called tlie •• Vietnria .Mariowf.it " is in great favour, selling at 40s. the cpiarter. The avera^;e iiro.lnce of wheat is fnim (wentysix to thirty biihhels per acre. From l!ie natnre <>f the land, it i« founu very iiijiuioiis to worlc it when wit, .and a great nmnher of horses arc theiefore i>e|it to |insl) fnnTanl the Work in f.ivouiable weatlier. a, farm of oOO acres birving as in m y (is sixteen work-horses unon it. Tlie only other .stock Consists of a f,>\v niileli Cu\r.«, some colts, iimi a numlier of [.i^s, wii.ch go looso in tin; y;irds St.iil feeding is little practised, and, when filed, h.is been found very niiinotiuible ; but this is not ynr|nisiiig. as fitlening o.veii ure l\{\ on cake and other suh- .stances, cosiiiig iOv. 07. a week for cacli animal.' In fact, (he Dnkc did his farming as he did all other things, well ; bnt with a reg.inl to the oinl to b(! attained by the outlay. l>y dint of perseverance and judicions exoemlitiire. he had eonlrivod vmy niue'i to enhance the value of ihf properly bi-forn he dittl It is nc(n-de'e Tl.ero would .,ot 'b 'J .''"^ ',"" ^'"'"■^•« »" "Jopt ■;i-.ve an, ...ol. di..po..itio,..s is ' '"'"° '"'^='' P"''"-<-'-- o ^■'k<'- ^;- H just without beiug e,:, ", r,^"""^'''^'^ *'"" 'ho ;"'"fc' t'-" -.3 not oaptivati..!' ;;;'''^^-'-^^^ the .nunncr of -"^•J It i« certai., that ho did ," ! T ^''^"«^'^'"-''l ""d disco... ^"^ "-•« i3 ul.0 ...ason to i t T '>T'' "'""''"S to hi. id.. ' "-"-^ I'y l-i.^ "n.l,ira..iout ',:":'" -'^';'''-e. wero left unperfonood. K . d '1 ""7 '[ '''" •"'-'• kind- . I>uko did hi. du^. 1 , ' " •^^■'•^■''^''-blo acts. A,s it J 1 >. ' '^".-1 his iioar rohitJi.n ♦' t. «lii.,,,o,. thcdr h.,i""r'- "''"' ^''-' «'-l. call ^^'^«-^^.^u.uw.ro.t.o.i,w.i;Lotu::,;:;: ;:;"::-;''« 358 APPENDIX. more popular man than he, among all classes of his neighbours, it would be haid to find.' '• The Duke, besides paying the csponso of drainage, used to con- tribute the greater portion of the expense of ' chalking' his tenants' lands. The farm-buildings are far superior to any of those on the estates around. In this respect, the Duke was fiir superior to the neighbouring landowners. Wood and thatch gave place, ou his estate, to brick and slate ; and from time to time the furm-houses were re- built, or substantially repaired. Tlie cottago.s of his labourers are also unusually well built and provided, all being done with an especial view to health and comfort. Tiiero were no middlemen on the estate, every tenant holding direct from the Duke liinisulf. Each cott.-igc has a i]uarter-of-an-acre allotment of garden ground, and for botli, tlie rental is Is. per week, or 2l. \-2s. per year. This is a lower rent tlian is paid by the Belgian cottiers : they pay freiiueutly a hundred fianes per year for worse accommodations. Kent on the Strathlieklsaye estate is about 1/. an acre ; to which has been added Is. an acre for tithes ; and for rates 3.9. (3c/. an acre ; so that the position of the ten- ant.s, as tenants, cannot but bo good. Upon the whole, therefore, the balance of testimony is in favour of the Duke as a landlord ; and much must be allowed for the natural grumbling of peoi)le who are never contented, as also for that instinctive antagonism, founded on political feeling, whicii almost always pursues a well-known public character of opinions opposed to those of the multitude in liis countrv home. It is a gratifying relloction, tliat the Duke of Wellington, iu this phase of hi.s character, is as worthy of our respect as in most aspects of his civil life and career. "THE DUKE'S ESTATE IN BELGIUM. " The Duke of Wellington was also a holder of property in forei<'n countries. It is, of course, generally known that after the battle of Waterloo, iu addition to the many honours conferred upon the con- queror, the then King of the Netherlituds, William, conferred upon tlie Duke-Princo an estate. Of this ho retained po.ssession during the re- mainder of his life. •' The King evinced much delicacy hi his choice of the locality of this gift. It closely borders the scene of the great victory. Tlie do- main consists of about 1200 hectares, detached from the celebrated fore-it of Soignies. The hectare measures about two acres and a tliinl ; so that the extent of this jiroperty in English measurement would ba about 2800 acres — rather more than less. APPENDIX. (. >pi ) 9S9 ^^a'-o:^:;;;rrr;;r:::,:;:;vr 7 ^r^^" «-^'--"^ P-veu,...,., i, earri,d on to a >; .^ " 7 T'T "^"'''''""-' •- orP'Ttunity, not long since oH LS "''"'• ^''" "•'•'^-'' '-1 'm J-^«J propn-cors, Ind the i:'' T'^ ''^r' ^^"•^■''^' "^ "- 'ject« of greater fear tban Iv^ r^^ ""'''''' -'"' «- *o then. l'«h prodncor. " ""- ^"'•''■'^"cr used to bo to the Eug. W .en it nm cau.o into his ill ' ^""' '""^ ^^''»'-' -'■•'f^'- va'unblo trees; bnt was oti o ^i ; g T •^°^?'-*^^ ^^'''' '--or less estimated value at tl ^""" ".^''•""''tural purposes Tk. 00,000/. in English :;::v""'' '''' "'"* ''^''^'^^'^ fnuL;::!,.;; "'most ability and integrity, adn^; i t ~d f I-"'"" "''" ''"^' "''''' "'« wore directed to clearing L la ol\l f"? "'*' «-^ '^ff^'^tH '0 tin.o sold, and the proceeds a i, 'J'' "'"'' "^^ f'"'» »''"« Porty. The next step was thorou' to ''".'"r"'"'"-'"' '' ^'- P^o- b-n done, it was discovered t.afl .'"" "" '''''' ^^'"^•'' '-'"S peculiarly adapted to the eult:!^ ' r ^'oHll-'r '^^'^^ ^'"^'''-^ clover, flax, and hen.p. By Je-reo, 1 ''""^'' ^'"^ "'«" of -.dcr cultivation, witl. v ry grt su ' ' ''"' '''' ^'^•^" '^-"^I-t ^l -w valued at' double l!:iZ^Z^ ." •"",'' '"' ''^' ""^ -'^'''' about ,.0 000/. English money ^ 1 tall" T ''1 '"'^^'"'^''' ^ "-; of the soil gives reason to ole t .t ■ f "' ""P''"^- greater hereafter. Although the Duke of V ' "" ''"' ''° «''» - at Strathfieldsaye, the ^erit o7 ' vin. : ?n" ''"' ""' ''-'^. these improveuients, it was in oon.n ° P -'^'^'lally superintended 'S' o>.„J,ti„i,; a„d ll,c ,„,„„ of In*, '"?:'«'» i"prc™„t i. 800 APPEXEIX. APPENDIX, Ko. "Vlil. THE FUNERAL OF THE DUKE. Upon moving the House of Commons to grant the necessary funds for the expenses of tlie Public Funeral, Mr. Benj.iuiin Disraeli, the Cliancellor of the Exchequer, deliverod the following speecii. the only one worthy of the occasion delivered by either House: — " Sir, — The House of Commons is called upon to-night to fulfil a sorrowful, but a noble duty. It has to recognise, in the face of the country and the civilised world, the loss of the most illustrious of our citizens, and to offor to the ashes of the great dt-parted the solemn anguisii of a bereaved nation. Tlie princely personage who has left us was born in an age more fertile of great events tiian any of re- corded time. Of tho,se vast incidents, the most conspicuous were Lis own deeds, and these were performed with the smallest means, and in defiance of the greatest obstacles. He was therefore not only a great man, but the greatest man of a great age. Amid the chaos and conflagration which attended the end of the last century, there rose one of thosft beings who seem born to master mankind. It is not too much to say that Napoleon combined the imperial ardour of Alexander with the strategy of Hannibal. The kings of the earth fell before his fiery and subtle genius, and at the head of all the powers of Europe, ho denounced destruction to the only laud which dared to be free. The Providential superintendence of this world seems seldom more manifest than in the dispensation wliieh ordained that the French Emperor and Wellesley should be born in the same year ; that in the same year they should have embraced the san)e profe.'^sion ; and that, natives of distant islaiuis, they should both have sought their military education in that illustri- ous land which each in his turn was destined to subjugate. Dur- ing the long struggle for our freedom, our glor}', I may say our existence, Wellesley fought and won fifteen pitched battles, all of the highest class, concluding with one of those crowning victories which give a colour and aspect to history. During this period, that can be said of him whicii can be said of no other captain- that he ei'ptuiod 1000 cannon from the enemy, and never lost a APPEXDIX. 901 "iiUflo pun ipi,. ^(^1 «v.'r f:.vo,M,s ,l,.,so „•!„, ,,,, ,,,•'''■'":' ^"' ^"""""-' i^ H divinity (h.t "!""-- I,is exploits ,.nd ^nardd Cf "•""'"'•• '^'"'^ "'i'- --0 Low con.siden,l,le ....'^ ,, , ,' ':'''">' ^i-''^"-' "-s to bo are ncee,.s...P,. f., H.e f,...,natio ' ? ""-' 'l'"'""- wl.ich f'7^''' ■"> say ,I,at ho „„..st ho a, e,;li^"" '"'"■"'• ^' '^ ""^ ";'""""" ""•"'•«. "Jroit in „..n, M.!; '^■'.".^•^''^••"'''''-■'■' 'earned ;'''^ to pe,.n.nn eI,o I.i,,.,.t d^ ^ ; "l^ '"' ' "'"^ '"^ '"-' '-o " ""' '"""'•'<--' '.fll..'o,s of a eo,n i .""''''' "^ ^"'''' ""d sink '"";"-'\- -"...^t tln-nk of tl.o ey ZT • '^' "'° •^'■""^ ;:"' ".f Ins .....e,,,; ,, ,,,,t el n ti r"''°"'"' ''''^ fl-k^ ^;.^'OMs,I.ospuaI.s; |,e „,„,t ealculato .f " •'""•"nnition, pro- '^- --"i.- and tl,e n.on.I ,,.al f ' . '" ''T '"" "'° '^'■•"" °f - 'C. are perp..nall v ehan, „g ,1 "' " ' V "" ''"° ^■'-"-^ > '-;I..Tof „,,ille..y. jj,,..„, _. „f ;;'":' ^""-ne, often an.id M,e :'^ '-^ country, „„d the dreadful Z^r" ""i ^''^'-r'-ont in.a.e - '': ---eive Inn. with cypr ""'i "'"""'' "'''* «"»'"ry -Nflicting ideas n.u«t ho dri .r.^'ln , '"'■'^' ^"' ^'^ th-sl f"^ « ....M think-and .^t . ;"' r'"^ "^ ^'-'''''^-y leade, '■•■''"^'">'"f li^'htnin,j.,foronamonL r ' ,"'"'' "''"^^ ^^i'*' tl'o " "- fi"-t -n.bi:.a,ion,aro 1 "" ^ ^^^ ^opend^ the fata P -;"..er by an ordinary ,uj J7 ^° '""" '" »" ovdL '-o.'d.a^.en taking i.es.kd MiSt^ ^^sf ^ °^ °- -i'ui!.tcis oi State, successful 802 AI'rKNDlX. Bpoakcrs, successful aulIiovH. T3ut to do nil this with genius i.s Bubliino. Dnubtlcss, to tliinlc dcoply and dearly in the recess of a cahinot is a fine iiitelleetual demonstration, but to tliiuk with tMjtial ddfttii and eiiu!il clearness amid btillots is the most conijileto exeieiso of the human faciiltii's. Altliougli the military career of tlio Duke of Wellington fills so largo a space in history, it was only a com- paratively small section of his prolonged and illustrious life. Only eight years elapsed from Vimicro to Waterloo, and from tlio date of his first commission to the last cannon shot on the fielu of battlo scarcely twenty j-ears can bo counted. After all his triumphs he was destined for another career, and if not in the prime, certainly in th3 perfection of manhood, ho commenced a civil career scarcely less eminent than those military achievements which will live for ever in history. Thrice was he the ambassador of his Sovereign to those great historic Congresses that settled the affairs of Europu ; twice was he Secretary of State ; twice was he Commander-in-Cliiof ; and once ho was Prime Minister of England. Ilis labours to hi.s country lasted to the end. A few months ago he favoured the present advisers of the Crown with his thoughts on the Burmese war, expressed in a State paper characterised by all liis sagacity and experience; and he died the active chieftain of that famous army to whicli ho has left the tradition of his glory. There was one passaco in the life of the Duke of Wellington which should hardly be passuj unnotic'>d on such an occasion, and in such a scene as this. It is our pride thui he was one of ourselves ; it is our pride that Sir Artiiin- AVellesley sat upon these benches. Tested by tho ambition and tlie success of ordinary men, his career here, though brief, was ili.v tinguished. lie entered Royal councils and held a high Ministciia! post. But his House of Commons success must not be measured hv his seat at the Privy Council and his Irish Secretaryship, lie achieved a success here which the. greatest Ministers and the nidst brilliant orators can never hope to rival. That was a ParliameiitiM'v success unequalled when lie rose in his scat to receive the thanks of Mr. Speaker for a glorious victory : or, later still, when he appearoJ at the bar of this House and received, Sir, from one of your pro- decesscr.s, in memorable language, the thanks of a grateful country for accumulated triumphs. There is one consolation which all Eiiglislinien nui.st feci under tliis bereavement. It is. that they were so well and so completely ae(juainted with this great man. Never did .1 person of such mark live so hmg, and so much in the public eve. I wou' 1 be bound to say that there is not a gentlennin in this Iloiisc wh' jas not seen him ; many there arc who have conversed with him ; some t form, hi aluifist, place. )i recall hi with « li forget til H were T To compl ma.ster o| collection no count) ill his lifo the clu.s.sic lington luf gloiy. IJ, say his 001 say that of with a pure rebukes res morbid ciro from those peiform tli( J'is toil and niid fnnid ii "inch in tl occupied sur not till he di AI'l'lOMjf.v. y'tl. a lingering f,,.,, ,.f r^^^' r'''" '^'""-'1 Lim in the streets f'T^ot that ela.s,.ie and vJ, or^ ."''r",".""' ^^''^ -JeeJ, ea„ ev " wcro wit!, glor,. ?_ '"""''^''^ ''''"''^> ^^•'"'" with time and adiant a. or L':iiiiiic».'> filincl.onl.np<,x,ctcngr.i|„fm,n To cn.nploto all, tl.at wo „,;„I,t U "'•''■'^•'-'r of duty i,, ,, , " .""■ f^'""^'-'^' iJcaof tl.is s -vn. • co'loet.0,. of administrative n.ul , !' ^ ' '"^ '"""''^'f g«vo us a -country can rival; and, ..r „: ' 7a T-''" t''' """=-'"1 » '"^ I- I« an age "'^' -'J «"Jdonly acknowl dtd t 1':f ;r-'f--"'Pi-nei:s, ""'"; '" an age of utility the 1 Lj '"^ ^°'' *'"= S-'^atest of Foplo .n the world eould'^find no " nt t tT"' ■'"' '"'"—'"- scMtative for their sorrow but th Vl """ "'"'^ ""^^ "o repre- - «''o Lave met ho.-e ;:r te, Ji;:::'';'^- '^^ "^ P^^^'^"^' ""^ -" ^-"•ces of the w..alth of nuti, « f , " ^'T"'''~'' "'"'''''S^*'^ 'he t« -;ooun..r eaeh other i. Va T! "''''''''''''' '^^^'^^^'^ ^ -Id the most sublime and tSt:lr:^:2-Z:r- to the fa i'Ptttaoio that humaa circum- 304 API'EXDIX. stnncos ciiii woll proiliico— tlio spectnclo of a Senate mourning a liorn ! " The rigliJ lion, gontlonian corieluiloil hy nriviiig nn iidiln si— '• irnnil.Iy to tliai.k Ii.t M.ij-sty for liiivin;; ^'ivcii .lir.'ctii.ns lor llio jiiiMic iiiti'niiciit of ilio mortal romiiins of lii.s Ur.icu tlm Dukt; of W.llinpton ill tiio CMlluMliiil cliurcli of St Paul, and to as.Miro lier M;ijcsfy of our conlial aid and oonciirioiico in giving to tlio ceremony a fiitiii;,' di'irroc of «.ileiiiiiiiy and iui|iortance." '• Lord J. HiisM'll hogged, witli the permission of flio right lion, gotitloiiiaii ,'iiid till! lions,., to scfoiid tlio inotinii Ho did ni,t wisli to add a .sin;;!,; word to tlio uio(|uont terms in wiiioli tlio rii.'lit lion, gen- ticinaii liitd made liis motion, us lio was sure the wlndu llou.so would coiionr in tlio as.suianco lio propo.sod to convoy to the Throne. " Tiie motion was then ai'reod to." APPENDIX, NO IX. TIIE DUKE AS AN EXAMPLE TO INDIAN OFFICERS, Upo.v the la.st occasion of tlio cxaminntion of the Addi.sconiitu cadot,s. preparatory to the issue of the prizes and the ullotinont of appointments. Sir James Weir Hogg, the Chairman of the E.i.st India Directors, adJres.sed the pupils at somo length, dwelling upon tlic character of the Duke of Wellington, and holding him up as uu ex- ample to the future Indian officer. He said ; — ■' The character of that grout man has been so frequently, .so ably drawn, that it would be nuperfluous in me to dwell upon its exeelleiieies. You will find thcai recorded in history, and reflected from every page of his own perspicuous and unrivalled despatches. IJiit there is ono consideration connected with the renown of the departed hero so cheering to those who are striving for cmineiico and so full of promise to those contending with difficulty, that it must "ever be regarded in this institution with feelings of intense interest. Noble as was his character, the Diiko was himself its chief architect. It was not so much to nature as to mental disci- pline that he was indebted for the high order — I may suy the perfection, of his military attainment. If he took up what w:i3 intricate, it was with a resolution to unravel it j if Lo grappled with (lifficnll to ho .SI eonld .«; iiLsiirod .V"nr ml snmod ti the proii ("f (lissi/. been dis own insii nnccs. „„( Groat D bocii to pi career of the forma exertions con.soquoii inoro valu; that, the I sustained f their succr own .stroni;! All tlieso ii of the Dul of prossiiiir as the most 3011th, what preparing ft i^ India, and your attciitii because the country, but essential Iha officer, shoul: "lay so expr example prcs climate to im fully proporti rostriotod his your most ca grinding, hum to the verge Ar-PIJ.VDIX. tlifficiihy. It was nifl. „ 1 . . '^^'' boon ,iisHn„.isi..., ,., „„,„t. .. ;;:'7' 'rr''"''"" '^"-'- ''='J boon to point out that l„ tl.o nubli, H . ""■' '^'■'"^ '^'''''•'>-^« l-ns t'-e fornrntlon of el.aractor is al ot .W'"^ "'""'■'"''- .' »''«* «o--Mo„,s of ,1,0 ln.livi.l,.al; ,h . . ," ^' '''^'""'^■"' 'T'^" t!.e ""•- valuable tl.„.. tl.L d.; '^..::^2'^''V'"'^"^ '^f "'"'^' '^^ -staino.,n..nnon bi^ :^; 'zni:"';: ' '"^ -^-./:s own .stron..th an.l n.i.j.t, but to .L """' '"anagcmont, their All these instruotlve trnti a,-e st^TT" '"""^^ "^ ^'-viclon the DuK-e of Wellington tl,: i^ ! Z^-'fy '-' *•- life . of press,,,, upon your attention th^ L '■•■r\ ^'"'^ oppo..tunity a.s t e most valuable stu.Iy f,,. t e n I " r"^- "" "^"J'''^'^^' '"""o jonth whatever their de.tinati , •' ' f ""f '-^''"'ion-for all P-Pan,.g f,r the n.ili.ary profe llo,, f^ "T"""'""^' ^° f^"" f'oso - r-lia, and though the i?iust..io, ..r. ;::'^'''T: f'"- ^'-''-tion 3-o..r attention is an exa.nple for alt;' v " " ^ '''™ ''^^'^^ b-au,se the ca,-iiest reeo'd. of L f, /T "'>' -'f-'Jou-not eo.n,t,-y but beean.se his virtues a,-e p ;rer;V'''"f "^ "■''"' "'^"'t ^■-o"tiaI that an Lulia,. officer a, I '' ^- ^ ''^''''' '^ ^'^ "'"«' office,-, should st.-n,,,e to posses The T'f,'' ^■°""°" ^-'-« '-y - express n.y,,,^; , 1,;,.,.^^^ of onj^^" r ''''^'^ '^•-' '^ I cx.,.,ple p,.eservo you fn,,,. bei„. ^L^T T^, "'''''''■ ^"^^ '""« ^'li-nate to in.lulge in opposite h,1.it " T ^^' ''' P'^^^'-'^-'ities of f"lly proportioned his Ide o •„/ "l^;^ '''^'■^^'' i-^ be oa,-e- rest,-,eted hi. expendi,u,-e ,vi,hin i \. '"■' f^'"^' ""'l rigidly your .nost eareful attention a d „. ;-""' ^f' ^'''^ —-d fe"'" ...g, I.u.nilia,i,.g p,e..sure of del^ Tl';''' n\ ^'"'^ "^°'*^ ^^^^ '° ''' '''^' «^ abstemiousness. Lnitat \^:'°,rt, •"'^•^™^'' "'in m thia virtue, 8oe aivkmjix. aha, nml tlio Iionltli ami unelonJoJ intclUrt wliicli ho ctijoycil will Lo yourfi. He wiis zciiloiis to improve cvt-ry iiinmont iind turn it to hoimo valimlilc purpose. In oiiiiimry eirciiuiMtaiices your jinifonKiiiinil uvo- cutions will not ofciqiy tlio wliolu of your time. Dovoto tlio l.i.siirc you niny possess to some iisi'ful object that may prove iienefieial to yourself ami to others ; uiiJ to deseend to minor points — minor in appearanoo, but scureely so in reality— roiiiember that tiie Duke was rernarkiihle for punefuality in all matters, great and small. Punetu- ality is cs.seiitially a military duty ; but, mark nic, you will in vain resolve to bo punetual in matters of moment if you are not e(|ually resolute to bo punctual in the ordinary engagements and transaetions of life. K.ep ever bef)ro you. and atten»pt to imitate, the great model I have so iniperfeetly endeavoured to pourtray, and you may at least approximate that perfection of the military character which the departed hero so strikingly exhibited. Gentlemen, I have now only to recommend to you who remain hero continued assiduity — to those about to depart perseverance in the good course hero begun and to you all I fervently wish that succes.s which I hope and believe you will endeavour to deserve." APPENDIX, No. X. Ol'JNIOXS OF FOKEUiNERS KKGAUDIXG THE BRITISH AUMV. Tju: followincj i.s from the pen of the Berlin enrre.^poiidcnt of the " Morning Chronicle," Interesting in it.selt; the opinions which it maintains, so accordant with those of the late Duke, arc deserving of the clo.sest attentinn. Something ha.s already been done towards the increase of the artillery, but more remaiii.s to be accomplished:— "The distinguished and cxporienccd coutinentul oflicers who recently attended at the mournful ceremony of the funeral of the Dike of Wellington, on the ISth of November, have, it is said hero (Berlin), expressed themselves in terms of un^ualiQed satisfielion at the courteous and hospitable reception they have met with from iier Majesty and all clas.ses and persona in the British capital. Tliev have also spoken, according to the same report.s, in terms of mini- striot-d praise of the line appearance and perfect diseipliuo of'our Itravo 1 lisliniei I'xiuuif iv-'.ird.. iicntal "ijuadri •N'othiii; Jrill, ni splendid wjiiipnii days wh pi'i'dent it is a in vast res should b. regarded of tile tl.i ' " It is whetlicr t the iSardii dance of fi about 1 (d siderod is, whilst an orders, ma liir war nj) di-po.sal, or "Ask .\ Hungarian Ho will rep as many g field ;' and moneemcnt < 'ind thence < artillery.' head-quarter tlio same st( sources of fl Ai'l'lJXDIX. 3U7 •-^•"'y an.I ina.Io,„,.,.v „f „„. I ., ' ,' ";'^"''' *'"• tho '"-■'r.l.s ,(s amoi.i.f ,..li, n ,. . , ''' '"''"'•'•v. ....t „„Iv ,,. >•"""•";,', .say , I,,.,, .i,; *7, "•'l""--""">s of ,„.Hl„,, ,,..f.., ' ''"^; "■'- '-' 'a.o of b.t,I ..„,,.""'■";• '"" "->' -'J. 'I.at in :;;::"^""-"-- ^ n!::'':^;fs:v:'V'''r''' '•'■-•''-. «'-" '- .n..i,I. ,„ „.,.w n.; S^;: •■'• Onl,..,,,. .,.,.„.,,.,,„ . 0* tl- tl.irj ,„• f,,,.,,!. ,.!:,,, ^ " ''«t«W,«l.,nout of con.ineutal .states d»noo of fi.K) g.„.,_,i^ i; vit ;; :'r''''''^ '^^ -"' -* -I>--abun- "bout 1 to ead. 300 bayonets oni 'l T, """"""'" '^'•"^""•"■"" "^ "/ ^var ui- to a lata J-erioa-if ho ..s no • V"' *" "'" l'^''-''^"' 'I'^PO-sal, or 1 ^,u„ ,,,r 1000 n.on ''^'"^" '''' ^^'^ S""^ "^ hi. ir^-^^^af .^i:l^,:;- 7^^'e fir. tbon,. „.„, earo of tbo ^^^ ^viii .,,,, . To Labi- b':;: s:2^ /•- -v^iutiona.^ .a.: "« '"any yuns, „nd those of ns W. n " '""■^' ""^ *» '^'•'""ff «;• a
    linivn suiviviio of till" p. iiiiiniilnr nrlillory wlirlln-r tlicv (li'iMnoil it iitlviiiilng.'OiiH l<> tin) fulo of lialllc, iiinl to itio lionoiir nf tlicir ouiitry, or ovon f.iir n|Hiii tlicmj'olvoH. or upon tliuir poiminli'ii of otlicr nrnis. tlmt tlicy hIioiiIiI bi* nlniost iiiviiriiildy cxposi-d to |Im» fiio of ciieniiort' gum not only grcnfly miptrior in nnnilier Imt i:i cilibro— tlmt in. oxpnsc.l to nipot IIk! firo of from ciu'lit to Hixtci n Frcni'Ii {'ijtlitpoumliTS (ocjunl to our ninoH.) with biittoricn .■[ •!o wiieii results are considered, and you will find that caeh of ii.s nine coips d'lu-iiUi', ineludiiig the Corps of Guards, is provided with fifteen fii-1 i batteries of eight guns eaeh, two of whieh batteries are horse Cum- seriucntly, ns caeh corps averages 3i.000 men of all anlis on the full establishment, tho proportion is 1-20 field guns for each corps, and I gim for oat'h 2'>0 elFeetivc bayonets and sabres, or a total of 10-0 IIM pieces for tho 300.000 mon coujprising the nine corps. Of these, one-half, that is, \^'} demibatteries, or 540 field pieces, arc fully horsed and ccjuipped at this moment on tho pe.-ioo estahlishnienf, al- though the number of bayonets, sabres, and men of all arms aclu.illv in the ranks does not exceed 130,000. Matters are so arranged, also that the ineffective demi-batteries reijuirc nothing but tho r<'.' bo the most oi-onoiiiiiMl and cifiuient iiiodo of composing field batteries ; indeed, liuaiiiuu t atterii "f »ix fi 'h'Oli 1(11 •''o wth •' itioiK, lar^'er rj TIIK AlTi-M)! . APPExnix, X., xr. o.;Iebn„..s ,vl.o rcnoj.,,.,, t . , .^'V'!" '*"^^'-' ^r M.o politic! ''••'vo ro.raccl .!.„ p,|,„.|,„, "^^i, ,., tnl ' r ' f ^^'^■" "'«'""- """> ^; ".nv roturu to tl.is .^ulnVct i ' , "/ '""' ^'''^'''"'^"'^ c-^-eor. If ;f «"»•" journals, „l.n. i, o' ..r t .' fl,"";; "M'""'""^' ''""^ ''''^' '"^'^ ^r""npl.s, draw co,„p,,is„„H ,.;.,' f.'""^,'; /''<-' '"^'^o wl.icl. now ^"1-Ioon Bonnparlo. ^V'„ k„ow " •''" "'^" "^ ^^'^""•otou and j;"ii=-ontH parsed on iHustr o« Lei '• '""'■^' "'''-'* ^''"" the of" .mrrow and unj.n pa.r ^ti 7T" ';' ""^ '^'^'"^ ''^ view to Jc,,-"do „H in tI,o ..vcs of n,,!"^'""' ••'"'^"'"'° '•^ «f « nature "•0 take tlK..n for n. .xpro J r^Tpj; .'i '•":'.-"• J--"'- «"d '""""' ''° J^ ">w, i, a„|„„to.l «• I '^ " "J*'"''^"- ^-'vory groat •;-•- of judging X.poro; d If "'If ."■'V"^^'^'- "o-- "" to '-cforo, in.possib!e, b, risin,; „b^t t '"'"^ ?'^ ^^'^■'''"^"-^ In ie, J''">--i;c;a witnessed ^ovorM;^^;';":; '''! '""^"■^^"•^ "'''"« "ITcarane., 0,. tbo .,,.., of the wo I If '"' *''' ^''""''^'''^us «"c by tl,o oti..,. .to ..i,;i,o to at't : "'° ^"■•''^"'^''^' '" '''''««co '^ ^ ''-"""'-•'^■'•"t'^5 of ,!,e renins of 870 APPENDIX. Napoleon were a prodigious and insatiable imagiimtion, aspiring to the impossible— the most vast and flexible faculties, but also a singular mobility of ideas and impressions; A solid judgment, a cool reasun. a wonderful justness of perception, both on tlie held of battle and in the cabinet; the most penetrating good sense, amounting to a power wliich became genius ; a perseverance which nothing could tire or turn aside; and the most unshakeablo firmness in great dangers— such are some of tho points whicli give the Duke of Wellington sucli a prouiineut figure in the history of the nineteenth century. It was at a giant's pace Ihat Napoleon ran through a career which was to lead him for a moment to the head of human beings. By the rapidity of his ascension ho dazzled the world, and everything with him took the character of a magic improvisation. His rival, on tho contrary, rose by patient and modest slowness, by a courageous reflection. lie never drew back, however; ho always went forward, and his glory followed a progression which escaped all reverses. To speak warmly to the imagination of men, to fascinate them, to excite their enthu- siasm, and to labour by every means to inspire them with an admiration, mingled with a little terror, was the constant study of Napoleon, who was far from disdaining artifice to effect his purpose. The Duke of Wellington never thought but of speaking to the reason; ho was never seen to do anything in a theatrical manner. Duty was the only rule which ho admitted, and which he imposed on others. He had a horror of cliarlatanism and falsehood. lie never sought to excite his soldiers, but sometimes he reminded them tluit they had to shed their blood because it was their duty. No astonish- ment will therefore be felt at tiie difi'ereucc in tho eloiiuence and llie style of tho two generals. In the proclamations of Napoleon, par. ticularly in those of the campaigns of Italy, is to bo found a powerful orator, who, in tiie manner of the ancients, engraves great images on the minds of tliosc to whom he addresses himself. The orders of tho day, tlie despatches, and the reports of the.Dukc of Wellington were written with a cold and austere simplicity. Nothing is given fur effect — everything is positive and true. The Emperor Napoleon and the Duko of Wellington wore not only great captains, they have also been both called on to play grc:it political parts. History will perhaps decide that, in Bonaparte, t!ie organiser was ei^ual to the connueror. It niust not, liowevei, bo forgotten that the possession and the use of tlio sovereign powoi smoothed down many obstacles. With despotism great tliiniis :irr often easy. It was in a free country that during tliirty-.sevcii years from ISIS to iSulw, the Duko of AVellington enjoyed an unecpialioJ influen( • by his truly sj the coi exorcise was able Althou>j his gcni propose ( Catholics But his Boforai, i of old El nii.staken 5 first conse scarcely j House of ever, that i foresight 01 should find abroad, her years servei wise, firm, intimidated such a fine the last poin Emperor fell with heroic few years in face of Euro wln'ch procuri which has onl and the gratit Pi-oof of tlio £ 'he boldness contrast of tho lias appeared t in drawing tho sought for triiti APPKXDIX influence and authority. PHe„n ,• ,. °^^ ■ 'y }- glorv, at thoia., of . '" ;;:,^;'-'\=>"J n-ro particularly "ly .speaking, to „o p„, V. It ,,/; f ''* .'7'''°'^'^''^' '"^ ^'''°-ge/ ''"^ constitutional lif,,,,; of i ? ^: ''''"' ""'^ '" tl.e boso.u of w a le to give or to withhold n': 'the r' '""""" f-'ce which ho Ah ough naturally Conservative by 1 Ir''"',"""^"' ""'' '"""°"«0- '"« gcn,us, the D„ko of AVeniLt. '' f'^''-''^''"'^ '''nd the nature of I-poso to the Crown and to S ^"^ "°^' ^'"^''^-er, hcsita c to p"^ ^'^ °r'"'on was very different ,1.^' •""'' '-"'J necessary Kcfonn which appeared to hi o 'eh !. T'' '" l'-''«'"crtary of old England, and to threa „ L? f *''" ^'^'^''^'^^^ constitution Sf"^ The future alone t at, :''';"-^°"r^"^"^'-^- ^^^ " f "' <^""^'oauenees of Purlian.entary Pefn. ? ^ °°^ ^^^"^«« t^o -reely passed since the l)ul e of wT' ! *^''"'^ ^'^'^ ''^vo ■ Kouso of Lords. We nmst wa fo, . ' '"^''" °PP°^«J i' i« the over that the sy„,ptons alroaTv ." ^°"f''*™J; re„>arking, how! fo- ght of the illuLious taTetaa " 1?. ''' ''•"'" ""Peaching iTe « ould find herself exposed to any ,.,! , "' '"^"" ^^"-'"^ England abroad, her ideas would certainrrev ! \ T'' ''''""' "* ^'ont. or years served and defended her/'she !„ •"" ^'" ^"'^ -'-'y w..^c, firm, and sober genius wl.n "Pprcciate still more that '^^^r^f'i or to be eiu ra.rd cr ""r'^^' '"'"^^^^^ -'•-" b . ;ue a fine des«ny. The o^Tld'f, "^''-^f » "'^ --rded by i^-o last point of contrast which 1 .io f , ^'^'"^^'•°'' ^^^'''Poleon are I^";poror fell, the scaffolding erble °"* '' *''^ ""^'o*- TI L with heroic temerity only °u J *''^"^' '^"'^ ^^° ^'I- raised ■ f-v years in exile. Hi., Lt „a e ,i "T"''" ^'">"-^ ^or a face of Eu,,p„ ,,,^ ^,^^^^ ;Jo nal, after a day by which the "'0' procured for him a new glo^v L '"' '"'" """"'<-^'- career ,;;'-;'- onlyjust finished if t,^.~/:r° -^ liberty, a J "■'J I'o gratitude of a great coun r . "'° ""'''"''"""^ regret rl : ^'"'' ''""' ^'--J-cy o ason an I T' ' '^"■^^^°" ^ ^'^illg "'0 boldness and the flights of ^n • °^ ^°°^^ ^^""«o over all contrast of these two desttniJs Ij2"T"' ""^ '' «-'-? To ba-yappeared to us too instruSi^e „ " T ^"'^^ '""^^orical figu " ■n drawnig the comparison, we ave°V ° '"P'^'^ sketched; and nought for truth. ' '"^^ '^ ««' Pa.^sion aside, and have only ^€ 3V2 APPENDIX, APPENDIX, No. XII. A CLERGYMAN'S ESTIMATE OF THE DUKE'S CHARACTER. «^ With an intellect unimpaii-cJ, tranquilly and silently the Bnh- badc adieu to all earthly scenes, and changed immortal fame for a grander immortality in store. Like David, he died in a good old «->. full of days, riches, and honour. " Yes, my brethren, the greatest military chief that ever rcflcctiM.. lustre upon the annals of England is gone. He who scarce evir advanced, but to be victorious— never retreated but to eclipse the glory of liis advance— who never exhibited the arrogance of the conqueror, but rigidly observed the laws of justice and moderation- whoso campaigns were sullied by no unnecessary cruelties— whoso trinmphs wore followed by no curses— whoso laurels were entwiiicd with amaranth of righteousness— whose star was all lustrous, and never paled— whose name alone is an imperishable monument— is departed from us. He who, to use the language of an eminent and rival statesman, after havuig taken the sword winch gained inde- pendence to Europe, rallied the nations around him and. saved all by bis example ; ho who showed the same moderation in peace, as he Lad shown greatnes.s in war, and devoted the remainder of his life to the cause of the internal and external peace of tho country whicli lie Lad so faithfully served ; ho wlio had equal authority witli tlic Sovereign and with the Senate of which he was a member, and carried on tlie service of one of the most important departments of tho State, with unexampled regularity and success, even to tlio hft moments of his life; lie whose devotion to his cnuiitry was siiicoio and unceasing— who on every occasion acted witli lionost and uprigl.t determination for the benefit of that country— whoso devoted loyalty made him ever anxious to serve the crown, but never induced him (o conceal from hi.s Sovereign that which he believed to bo tho truth; lio. whoso temperance enabled him at all times to give hi.s whole niiml and his .faculties to the services v.Iiich he was called upon to perforin: he. whose dominant passion was love to his Queen and country, wlio.se guiding star was truth and duty, which only led him through APPENDIX. the path of honour; this miM,. , ^^^ voritabh, hero J.as falle,. before one .r'"' "1 '""'*'''°"^ '^'''<=''. t^.'s ;;; ."i...iin, with the dust, :iZ rs; r ';? "' ''- '^'y ^' wlio giive It. "'^ f^I""' has flowu to the God -t-Wy hiu.e,f .ith the t ; "rr"* ^^ '' ''' '^'^ ^^ ^'^ ' » t e life and death of this illustou ,',?"''',?•""' "°* *° -'-^'^^ e"on.ent fear that t who hid ^r n 7.^^ '' '°,' "' '^'^ ^-''^ *"- Pcnrl of greatest priee-that he w£o 1 ad ' a'"'"'' ''^'^ '««' *''« ". this world, was hin.self no sl^d t T- ' '^'''''''''' '' •--'y fH.thfu,l, served his earthi S ei" Td V"^ '"^ "''" '^^ - Oi.e-and that he who had ohinJ , ? "'-'g'ected his heavenly ^"i'oa to obtain the croVroftw^^^^^^ ''^^^^^ -onet below, had' on ^^:z^:z:t z^'"''-' '''-' - ^-^ -^ i-^uigo. i-d n.ade his peae wit 77 T'"" *" '""P" '''"'' t'^'-'eve that Jo f-fii'ed all his'te:p:r:^'2t in :v^^^ r '° ^''^ «^ --^ y realities of eternity.' It uTcJsta T •"^^'^''^'^ *''« «H-i..>portan! the rehearsal of all his vie torie! t„ K ;"^' °^ ^"''''' *^^'''g'" than ''i- best .speak of his regutreJ, si :; "?' '''' '''''' -''« ^•"- unostentatious but abounding'el t '/f. "'"'^r'''SP-'^--of bis each day to God; that at tlfe eartr "t ''"^' '''' •'°"«'>C'-ated (>vl.o was no hypoerite, neve.^ ^^1:^^^ Z''^ ^'^P^'^ «oyal, he scorned tha very idea of deceit) „„, ^ , T^ '"''"'^ P^'*^t«"ce, who f^'-iug his sins, aclcnowledgngti g ,t !!" "^^' ''^'"°«' ^^-°' -«" beautiful word.s of our own 'e .g^I L t" ""''° '"''^'^>' '" *^^^ "'ents, but for the merits of that S\Z , ,'P'' ""' ^"'- bis own It is not then because of ^1^','™:,^ .*'' '^^'^^. -''I ^ied for hi„, nxnity of his character— tho fn ' Position-tJie luaffna- - of his disposittru %tx:ra:d'' '^'^^~^^^--^- ; bo edienco to what his £ e lo told"'"','^ °' ''' ^"'P"^""" b.3 unhesitating and inviolable truiror t . ' /" ''^ "^'"- country, that we place our hopes of l7 . ^ '^°"°''°" *« bis cau.e we believe that he knew these w' ,''"" ''^'''''''' ^"* ^e- .s faith all of which he cas theirs V't'"!^ "^ ^^""^^ «^ bep^ced all hi3 hopes of f^inro J^;;:^ t^^^^;^^^^ mi ■f t 374 APPENDIX. Son of God, who deacon Jed from heaven to bring his people to hi9 Father's right hand, and died the accursed death of the cross, tliat they might live fo- . ,er. " But whilst we are grateful to Almighty God for having raised up in the hour of our country's need one qualified to meet the emer- gency, and to defend it from the dangers with which it was sur- rounded, — whilst we sorrow not as men without hope for him whom we trust to have departed in tho Lord — let us not forget, that the good conduct of great men is an example for the rest of mankind, and that most important lessons are tauglit not only to the noble and the great, but even the humblest among us, by the life and death of tho departed hero." — Sermon on tlie '' Might and Mojesty of Death" suggested by the death of the Duke of Wellington : by the Rev. J. A. Emcrton, D.D. APPENDIX, No. XIII. THE ANCESTORS OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. At a late meeting of tho Archneological Society of Kilkenny, a paper was read showing the nature and extent of the ancestral con- nexion of the Duke of Wellington. The civility which suggested the transmission of the document to the author of this biography, fully justifies the republication of the paper in these pa^es, irrespective of the intrinsic interest of the subject : — "THE COWLEYS OF KILKENNY. " An attempt to trace the history of the family of the Cowleys of Kilkenny would at any time suitably occupy the attention of tlie local Archaeological Society, but owing to the circumstance tliat of that family, the great Duke of Wellington — so lately deceased, and for whose obsequies the British nation now makes such splendid preparation — was tho lineal descendant and most distinguislied rep- resentative, perhaps a more general interest may be expected for tbo subject. "In Archdall's edition of ' Lodge's Peerage,' published in 1789, when the Duke of Wellington was twenty years of age, tho pedigrea of his fa —' The derives into lie second 3 Kilkenny of tho C the date twcnty-se not only I reign of J a wortliy fiiinily wai Kilkenny removal fi kenny com areliivcs, I King of A rieves (an Kilkenny, from the d man Richa state that, J city books, 1 entry undei accuracy of fuit preposii Walter, it w Kilkenny, bi notwithstaud have been at I think cann( not- ascend t to show that, country. In Droglieda on for the use ol fat., 3 Henry APPENDIX, of lii« father, the Earl of Mornin^fnn ~'Tho f.unib- of Cowley Cw''°"™°"°''^'*^*'"^«''''«>»ont: :''■-•- it.s o,.i,i„ from ttL: :/p^^;' ? ^"°^ -'"-> coucy, ""'> I'-^Iand in the rci.„ of Ki ^ "J R^'I^nd, whence they removed -:-.d year his Majo.tjl, ,, "t^ ^'7 '''"" '" "'"^° *-"'^- lulkenny, gentlemen dun-t 1 ^^ "' '^'" ''^"^' ^^°'^'^'-' Cowley, of of the Crown in Chinee "-^ tLTT 1""^' *''° °«^- "f cLk tl'O date of the grant of the cle L' .'°1 '' •'altogether incorrect; t-enty-socond should be th tw t '"m ^'■°^" ^°^'^^^ "^ ^^'^ -.t only do we find son.e of tt en'l '7 f "'^"^ ^"^'i ' -^ re.gn of IIo„ry VIII. writi^^g f y ^Co /'" ^"•"•"--' - *'- a worthy example to the othe! native bu^?'? '' '''. ,'"^''"-"' -^ family was in Ireland and it Jn iJ ' ''^''° evidence that the Kilkenny also, at leat "t J ; bef:rt,"''^V'''^^ ^^^^^^ -"^«^ - removal from Rutlandshire A ,i! of t, ^ '"'' P''""' "^ ^^^^ tonny contained in a book form^-Iv i! '^'' ?''^°'''^' °ffieer.s of Kil- -el-ives, but now in t^' ,^:^S77'^r:''''' the municipal , K.ngof Arms, states that Wa,t Covin "' ''' ^^''"™' Ulster r.eves (an ofBee resemblin. tl of 7 ^ '''' °'" °^ *'" *^« P^^t- Kilkenny, in the year im tL T'^ '"°'^"'» ^''^riffs), of from the docun.enfs in the pos^ TsioT:; tl" "' '" "" ^°'"P""^'^^ nmn Eiehard Connell, in the'" r go ltV7°""°°' '^ ^''^- «tate that, having consulted the 'Liber P. I - '' ^'°^''' ^ «''°"'-20, wo have tlic the 511i of July. U*;il, l!ii> Kiiif! !,r.\ii:o.l lo TliDmas Coll.'y tlin nini'O or^'iii'TCr (>f wiuea iu FdisUail, Ireland, nnd \Viile.<. (Ui :. i'a!.,'.".! I'il»:ira HI., in. M.) ArPEXDiX. fi'-st nof.Vc of R„borUei„. in V , , ^'''^ K"'';'- tl.on in L,„„,,,. „„, ; : "■'" I.nu that the Ea.l of t - ALbot of Mo„,,e„. K ,;; ' f." '"7'' »'-0"«on, had sent over « "• tho O'Cnn-olls to re o \\ '"'="" ^'-"'"''hIo, as emissaries J^"^";"Je_ ea.e both to;! ', ':r77*-;^ <'- -'d Ahbot an v^owny ;,^r,„„ j„ L„ J . '• 111 i.jj.1, wo have Ormonde, whose enemies the cVu '^^'""^"^'•es for the Earl of "'^•'-•^ -favour; and t'h^Ear ': l'^'^''?. "'''•'^-^^^P-y -s tl f'ovanons representations whic , '"''"" '"f-^nning him of . -'J ^Volsey, which 'my r u ' " "' *° '^''' ™'»'^'-' ^ the Kin' and onJi.e. * . .Z "f '> «--va«nt, Robert Conly, shall S -'J 'f .Ve do, the n,ost losses nd'trTr'^^.r^^ on this u.a't " -'7yi"«. lunnediat upon the Lei .f" "f ° ^•°"^«' '" *>■'» Co" y, and eause hy„, to sech L - 7 r ""5 ''^"'^'^ ^'"- Robert Cowlejs were, as in dnt^ h. , ^ ' ''-'"'^^^•<'« for the same' Tl,« ;"? [>'-.;ie ^-i'^t^;^: r i:;:;;::^,:t;nr^ ^ '"ei;;atr^ I'eifc'lit, w.th the IL,^,, of Kilj. '! r "^ ""="• ^--^^d, then at its lv.ng. against the Earl of Orn J "f n- -' ^"^^^''^ G'-e,, to the u-d o se,ule over see, unto oo I b t V "^^"~' ^'•'""' ''« ''"th ""t;;'Hl.c.s had been proved, to indi e e , - ^^ ''' ^ "''"'" ^'^•<^''«« - d'^cre. on, against tho said E LTS "' "[ "^ "^"^^ P'-«-o -fe-et of the said Erie of Ornunu t t , ," ^ '''■"■'"^ '''''' '>-- - ':'vc Robert Cowley corre.spondi. .' ti^ ,'TT' ^" '^^«. ^'« l'i'» private information as to f!, " . ^"''^''"•''' ^^'-^'^oj- nivi„„ -'t oilieers; he is Ij^ ^ " "':? *^ ''^ ™-us Irisl/b^ --'fc-n.ents of the Lord Deputy and Ids'" .f'-'^'^'''^'^ "^ to the -J-- ougbt to be interfered J, b^,™'"^'"''''''^''^'^^ «''"- Ormonde family is evident throughout a, d ho f""'^^'"'^'"> ^or tho ^'^ F'ttn.g in such reeonnnendatio ^ fo • 1 . " '" ^PPortunity -•Picas it your Graeo to be Xrr ' f!''^'"'"'^ '»^ 'he following : 0--y, and his son, aeeordt; t d 1 f " T'*^" '"^ ^-"^ ^ )";>'• p'^K.ous pleasure and dein.ene 1 '""^"" ^'"^'''«' "'tende IWand .thens ryne in at ,he wvni 'T'"^ '''" "%■'•- of P-.uy,is to the Ki„,.. Hi,hne w ^^1 "'^V""''^'^ """^^''^^ d .^ns wuhout any ..topp or .sL b, n PI "^''^"' "^' '''^'"-^ uti-ers; wherof wol en.'uo the L '^ --^""'"i'.V Knevet, and ii-aci.us spedy redress.' Vft,,. ., ^'7.'^''-'""' "f ^rland. without your Arte, thed>..graeeanddo«-nf.llnfWoKv I ■ i 878 APPENDIX. both Robert and Walter Cowloj- Iccpt up a constant corrcspnnJcnuo witli Cromwell, the Chief Minister of tlio Crown, and Sir Tliomas Wryotiicsley, the King's secretary, reporting upon the comliliou of Ireland, and tho measures of the Government, but always having a favourable word to say for the Earl of Ormonde. We iiavc frcciuent propositions sent over under t!ie title of ' Devices of llobert Cowley, for the furtherance of tho Kingos Majestos affayrea in his Graces land o( Irland ;' ho enters witli alacrity into the views of Cromwell respecting the suppression of monastic houses, and seeks to hasten in every way tiic issuing of tho order for di.-solving the Irish abbeys — a matter in which he was largely interested, not alone as being appointed a Commissioner for letting the hinds of the religious houses to tenants under tho Crown, but inasmuch as he procured tho farming of the manor of ITolmpatrick for himself, which he held at 12/. 5s. id. per annum.' lie subscribes his letter — 'Your Lord- ships moost bounden IJedisman. Robert Cowloy ;' the superscription is — ' To m}' Lord Pry vce Scales Ilonourablo Lordship.' On t!ic lOth August, 1538, Tliomas Ajlan writes to Cowley, informing him of the death of ' tlie Lord of Trymlcttison, late the Kingis Cliaii- eelour,' mentioning that his own brotlicr, John Allan, then Master of tho Rolls, expects to succeed to the office, adding — ' Master Cowley, if tho Kingis plesur slialbe to as.«igne and make liiiu Cliauneclour, I know right well yo shalbc Master of the RoHus, being worthiest thereof in this laud. Botlj ho and I, onfaynedlic, shalbo as glad of your preferrcment tliereto, as any too lyviiig.' Tlio letter is addressed — ' To my wurshipful friende and good Master. Master Robert Cowley.' Wo have seen already that Allan's antici- pations were fulfilled ; and soon after we have Robert Cowley signinj.' his name to the correspondence of tho Irisli Government, as one uf the Privy Council. '• In the mean time Walter Cowley was pushing himself forwaril in Ireland, althongli his attachment to the Ormonde interest causel him to be no favourite willi tho Lonl-Doputy, inonard Grey, v,!in. I Cowli'j, liciwcvpr, njipKirs lo linvo lieoii a tnnrn i-nnscipiilicnK ni-.irlicr tli;iii mo.-t of I1i!im> wild liiriiKil llio .Vliln'v l:in(ls Ihuii llip Crown. Wo lliiil him wriliii..' lliiis Id I'roinwoll on l.iiilj-Uiiy, l.i;i!): — "."iir, wo Uihj so covi'lou.s lii.siciiiblj lo liavo »o many l'iirmc"s overy of 11-=, IVir our singular i)roll;ios, thai wo Iiiivc cxliriioil iiiul |mt awiiyc llie iiipii of warrc llial shiiM ili'leiiil Hic ci'imirvy ; anil all i* like lo j,'i> lo wrack, cxcopl an onk'r lio lakyii llic rallitr as lu liave a siirviy, nhalo I niiil pvi'ry oilier have In fooj and I'anncsi, anil uvory oon Ihat have such fiH'8 anil farinca to bo ta^eil li> I'ynilo n cvrluiii noinbro of liable men, lo ferve Uic Kliw, ami to ikfenil llio coiinlrey, upiion i.'real iiayns l.e'.l every of us licare his bunlea if sowenies wUli swe'.eiies, anil not to ciml nil the burden in tho Kiuses charge, to enryclc our si I vis."' APPENDIX. «r9 "n tlioSIst Octobor mr. • . . ' ---t ..,!.., „, \J^;^ -^--^-S to Crcwon, co«,pW„, of ,,„ '"";■'--' Voun^. Cnvley, Cuvke 1 . ir"'^''" '" *''« «*"'« ^car dl !"" .""''J« .-"ile ...Hi j. at tl j ""'^■^•^'^''"■^'-onforthtogetlt ■" ^'.^Plcasurc: and 1, Ju'^^^'^' '^^^S '- to p^t "j oCro„HvelI.« notice, i,. ^ rono.t ;' ^ '""""'"^ Walter Cowley V:-'""^f'"'" -» tour on whie / ; "f ''"'^ "'"^'° to Lhu upon re^ «'-o.. above the«,..rr„w'f,° tl n '''"'''"'^'•"^ *'"-°"S'> ' 'L four ;;^' fi-t '•'•..its, and enforei ; '7?^'^ °^ '-^<^'""- «o Jons, eolleol K.n^^^ Thev s.uto thati ' '''''°"""^ '''-"S^^ introduced b/tho ^;:'''^y''^X^'^lZ^^n^ upon us tbia "'.^- causes ; «„ „.^,,,' f ^ ' ,;" '''^°^°"^"« -' furthe tbo '"'".^'I't we could „„ Jc. do than o ^'''''''T "'"iJ by us, we bavo ^^;;""^^: : t;--n;t w.i,|,tv affiurs f;rtbrL-r7 '"^^'•''-^'^ *° England K.:..'.s .erviro i„ I,,,,a,H, j ' "" " ^° """veyed baek for tbo -^'' '-'-.re was conveyei in ' ^""'"•' '«^^' "'« treasure giv, «:>lvl:..d.nnd tbenee sf. J .rD ;.;;n;" ''°-- ^-n London o -^' 71^15.i nnd a,'.i'n ot^e 3 'm^^^'^^'^ °^ tbe Journey I-"-'-. Laving with l'un..J^:'^j{^^^^-^y, I'^'IO, be lefl «-"i -.eun.pli.sb,d a journey, wlueh l;';' f "'" ^^'^'' Government, -^' ".onti, an-ivi,.g at Dublin le ,U Tf I?"? ^ '^>' ■" --''y D^'nng tb.s period fre,,„ent letters wi f '?''' ^'"' '"« «''«'-ge > >'~i. and bi. so., L..,, J :: ;;:, Z;"^-^*^^ ^y tbe Earl 'of ; '--^-g ti,ea. as to representati ns to be ," J''^' "'""^ '" ^°'^'^°«. ^-".wel against tbe Ueraldine ..j t! • ," '° '''° ^ing and ^^ J;"-'".,' or ' To n,v trusty s r •. . (v u"- '" n' ^°'"'-' ^^^'^J^- -e .nsf,Mco. wben in a.id, .,,.;.;!, " '" ', ^ ""-''• Cowley,- e.eept in ; "'y- i.53._ be directs it- To n, i '^ i 'T '"''' °" *''« '«th -"•ley and Walter Cowlov. lyin.'^t "^ '^^ C^unsailours, Robert '•|e'--^. at London,' Lord Janios^^jiatJe, V '"^■"^''' ^'''"^ "^° Crossid •^' "^ ^' addressed bis letters-' To my I i , 380 ArPEN'DIX. nssiiriil frloiido, Robert Cowley at Lomloii ;' niitl after Iiis fntjinr':* iluatli. when lio liiniMuU' became Karl of Ornioiide. in writiii}.' to tlio li\u policy of his predece.s.sor with respect to patronising the Ear! I'f Desmunde, Robert Cowley so warmly joined the Karl of Ormontic in opposing the views of the Lord-Deputy and tiiwarting his plans, that an open rupture ensued. Cowley, without askiuj: for liconco to absent him- self from his oflicial duties in Ireland, repaired clandestinely to London, with the view of prejudicing the Court against St. Lcger, by his report of transactions iu Dublin, and he wrote a letter to tiie King in which, amongst other uiattcrii, ho charged the Lord-Deputy with having said that 'Ilonry VII., -i* his Orst entering into Kng- land, had but a very slender title to t'-.o crown till he nmnicd Queen Elizabeth.' The members of the Irish Privy Council, however, sei.t over a counter-report, in whielk the blamo was thrown ou Cowley himself, and the result was, that on the Gtli of October, l.j'l'i, the Council of England comniitted him to the Fleet prison, having pre- viously dismissed him from his office ; and wo have the King thus ad- dressing a letter on the subject to the Lord-D^>puty and Council of Ireland : — " ' And wbci-eas it appcareth unto us, that Robert Cowley, late Maistcr of the RoUos there, at his late repayr hither, departed oat of that our realm without the lycence of you, our Deputye, having no cau.so ov uiatyr to enforce the same, but such as ho might have com- myttod to writing, and signified at leisure, for that it plainly appearcih the same was voyd of all malice, and of uo suche importance as his malicious appetite desired ; albeit it shalbo well doon for all men, and especially for thcra whichc be in auctoritio to frame their communications uppou suche matycr, as miuistrio noon occasion to captious persons to judge otherwise in them then theye mcaiio, entoude, and purpose ; and also it appearcth that the said Cowley i.i a man seditious, and full of contention and disobedyenco, whicli is to be abhorred in any man, but chieily in a counsailor : We have, lliuic foro, discharged him of his rome and office of Maister of the llullta APPE.VDrx. 381 i I'.' answer of 8t. I e^ Z \' ' '""" ^'M'^ofaci,,,,.' f ^•'"^' "H a ^,|i,„,„, „f. „ "f tl'" ;iu.'.n-ol will. Cowley, b„t „ '."-' -^ -"ducted at f \"r' ^^'-•'' ""> Kovcn.„.o, t'of I '"'fx-'- ••- '""°' ''""« "P°" tI.o principle of ^u./i. ;^ -porj;zt: ';!r3i^:ii!;f^'^ '^^ *'-o han. bo„o to „,o obod,onco, to .n, „,,, ,.,.,,, J^ -^^ to nng I.i.u to you. parfaicto ti.o oni.e cause. I h„,vc that, now e /rl? r ''•; f '■""'"""^ ^"''J' '^as ".'''-■3-tanco and rule, gevi„ i,„ I '. *'^''-':;"^''^ S'^'"' «"d of l.i.s owno fi'>nt.u.« of In.l„..eM ; so that if 1 '1 /'"^■'^" ''"'^''^ -^ the -varve f..o„. their dew'tie of a LI; vl'T 1 '' ''''''' «''-'J° Will never do), it ,voldo ho n.ore !! ' ^ """'^ ^■'■'•'''■^- '''^t J.o -« the .aid ,.:.,e of Kil ^ l' . j 'T'^" ^'^ '>'• tl'ohn. then i Ormonde in his t.,nne wl,o,. L m "'"''''•^■"■^ ^he said K,],. of Ob ver i tor havi,,, „. ide eSoL^ f" '\''"" '' ^^""•'-''' t^' -l>J-o, it win ,.,;, tl,ein. hot : Lfr"' ri "'•^"'■'- -ured -mien dewtie. ,vl„-eh i. ,0 „,,;;;'7 ;^,,,, • * * Thi.v.s n,y Jj".c.e,wa.s tl,e cause ,vhy I h,h„ ^d tL , i.^'"'"" ^'^"J^'"^^''- «1- "« ^^-^^ole that I |,ave ei,| er to P ' ^''^' '^ "'« «'""0- and ;-y -ve to the -rvice^f'jo^l^'I^t^i"" ''""r.' ""'^^^'- '*""■ .^,'^"'^- ' • * • -Andwhrea/o \r^ t -t snc;. artieles a. I, ,,„. „ ;. "j. '"'"-, ^-- reported hero -ived ,.,u..,.,.,,e hin. n„ne of n.aliee t en '''' ''"•"'^' ^' "^^■ ''"Vi..g .ho ox«n.inatlon the eof •/,/'"" ''r^'^^' '"^- >".V P-te e^amynod(hes,.unoa.sindiilerc^,i;" 'r ';'° "^ •^■""•- ^'"""■^e V I ^-vlev i,a 1 he„e n., r.^!! ':r:^^ J""' '^e done if ,he .n.o "■'•■-s- de,.os.d ,.p„„ their otl!!.'! . ^^'^ ^'"-^ "•"""'<'' "« the of n!;'::hJe";t;t;: :; ?;,iir ,::;^ j'r^ ^^r- -' ^'- ^'-s- ^Ist ot Julj ni t!,e fdhnving ^Jr. 382 ATPEXDIX. when lio wns lilioratcd on pivinR security not to go to Irolnml witliout lonvo. From thin pcrioil wo Imvo no niontion of liii nniiu) in nny pulilio flociinicnt, ami n« iio nin^t Imvo been a very olil niiin at the tiiiic. it may bo miftly prcsmiipd tlmt ho did not long oiitlivo bis imprisonnicnt nud disprrni'o. Tlirco yonrs bitcr, liowovcr, W(> Ikivc tho iilil (jiniri'l Wit^'cd nioro fnTCily tlmn evor bctwociii tiio Karl of Oniioiido mid llio liord- Deputy, and wo find Wiilter Cowley, who Htill rcnmincd Solicitor-Goncral nnd Clerk of the Crown in Clmncory, taking u proniincnt part in tlio cni'iroiiniont, ns n partizan of the Earl. Tlio Tiord Chaiirollor, Alien, was also at varinneo with St. Legcr. nnd nppears, oppording to the view of the editors of tho ' Stalo Papers.' to havo ii.Jcd Cowley as n tool to give him nnnoyftnco.' In Febrit ry, irilij. Robert St, Le<,'er, tho Depiitys brotlier. intoreepted, nnd opoi'.ed certain letters written by tho F]arl of Orinondo, to tlio Kin;.', nnd the Earl liavinjj; indignantly denonnceil this net. St Leger reijiiired the Coiineil to investipilo the ease, nnd allow him to defend biniiielf Lord Ormonde nnd Walter Cowley appeared before tho Council, but refused to allege anything there to St. Leger's charge, on the ground that, he being liie Lo'rd Deputy'.s brother, the Couneil w»h not indiirerent; and tho consequence was tho matter was laid before the Engli.sh Couneil. Tiie Irish Couneil brouglit strong clmrges nmiinst the Earl of Ormonde. Tho Arehbi.-So it i.s, most gracious Lorde. that hero is contravursie rysyn betwenc tho right honourable my Lorde- Hepnly and my Lordc; Ormonde, which, if speedy remedy be not hati. is like to torne to great hurle; yc. to the totall destrueion of this your Majesties realme, and in especially your mere English subjeetos ;' nnd bo denounc'.'s t!ie Earl as a dangerous person ' more like a prince than a subject; nmre like a governor than nn oliedient servant.' Whilst the Deputy himself begs of the English Couiu'il to free iiim from the troubles of his unpleasant ofiiee — ' Di.seharge me.' bo prays 'of this tedious paiiie, whereunto I have not bene accustomed, ami 1 liumblie beseche youc all, to be tho means to the Kinges Majestic to ryd me from this hell, wherein I have rem.iyned this si.x years ; and that sonic other may there serve liis Majestic, as hnig as I have dooii, and I to servo bis llighnes elsewhere, where ho shall commandc nic Tho' tlie same were iu Turkay, I will not refuco ytt.' The vaiious 1 Allea was uiiacriipiiloin oiiou','li to oudiMVOur to ini.ko n 8l:ilkiii(,'-lMir>p of C'owlov, iiml esciipo I't-nsuru by tlirott in'.? nil Ilio Ijliiino uii hlin, ni hi» ile.t-iio ugaiiis.'. Si. I.c^or'.* cliart-i". If tuijS " .\8 fur Cowli'jN bi'iku (bciok, or schedule uf cliiir-;v<), I lukc (JikI Iu reciinlu, I wan iiuvcr of eoiiiiHli wvili iirikli- of il. Cod i« m.v jiirti/o, I wold.' iip i\.sh;iir,cd lo bo nmiu-d lo bu [irivy lo Uio peuiijugo of 80 It'wde a boke." APPKXDrx. 383 pnrtioMwerouKiMmlolvrnllo.ltoTnn] . , «"p,^.o,,, .., e„ the 1. J ' i ;^:;::'? r --;-. ^^ ^^ gcLij f"vo t„ lhi,.U-fivoof |.i, foil..,! ','";'/"'■■•'"'•'"'-' «I.ic.l. I'O "lb',W«lu.rCowl..^.I„„| „,",;"•'"•'* ^^'-'vu-ts died. Hi. fai,|,f„ Tower of L„,.J..., rii,\., ... X; ':' '" ?^ ^""""'"^^ '» t'.o t'vo writing ,0 ,1.0 ,o,„,n „,.„'''";' f" ■» ''Hmvo ,|,o poor cap. f-''-".-r,W.ltior Cowl ': '"-' "'"Wo and c.on.rit'o I'">-o .nan can l.no tl,at „ - % ' • T'"' "' "^ ''"^' "« ever „ny c«-"-cui,.o in n.o, do,,: Lf iir J/'"' V'""" ^"'"'- -«=" according to Lis M,..jc.,i., accu« , id" , ' ^'"''"^"' ''''^ "!«''-,s3, ■ eon,V.i.. and dccli.ion , ^ l^ 7""'V''" "'' "'^ "'-" I""; "-J ".ore,, to accpt n./.oJr L . "'""' '■*^^''"'" ^^''"' -Manat.on of tl.o reason, which induced hi , ''■" 'T"^'' "^ ^'^ l>q'n.y« policy un.sonnd and dan^c.-o. s ' I T"^'' "'" ^^-J tl." Earl of Orn.ondc'.s power to t^oll!^^''' '"'^ ^'"'^•f "-t if nn.n wee .subvcr.cd. there would be 'a t. t "? "^ " ^'"■"'''"' ""'^'- l.at have little land and honurc t at w^ n'P'' '" "" "'^ "'^''o Iri«h di««oLcf«.ant,s in every de,, l"^ ^' """' ""^""0 by ;:;:"..n.ue_Lord.dp. ;;;?:t.:'^. ;-^;'''-;'i-eif.y..J ii..« .snbmi.sMon by .,o n.cans n.olldicd ,1 v' ' ^ "'""'" ^"'"''■'J-' tip- .soon af.cr i.s..ucd ,,„. ., j^,,. ;.'."','"''. I^"'^^ ""d Council, L office, and appointing John ,J ; t"s"7.''."' ^'""''^7 f.-on, hia roon.. '= '" ^^ ^'^lieitor-Gcncral in his " At this point the Iloeor.l P >. • • valuable docun.cnts conta^I in r':^':" P '^"''"''°" "^ *'- - »"J I l'"ve no n.can. of a«cer 1 ^ U 1 !"'' .''"'^''' ^''-'^'^ "«; incarecrauon in the Tower, or ^^^^ ^^'^ "' '''''"'■ ^-^'^>' t ero is reason to suppose U.at hi L'T ""''" "T P'"^"'-^-'^ ■ ^^^^ tlio Orant Henry VlH. ;,. Janni; trTn "'^ the decease of new Governn.cnt disapproved of the .sc^c ity 'nsed'^. '^' "'.'^ "'"' "'" ^v>.sl.cdtocon.pcn.atchin.fori, for in .V' 7'"''^'' '"'"'""J a.s.-endcd the throne wo have i, n^ ".'^ ^^'^^ '""""''* "f'er Kdward Vf j<^j«'-d, Dui.e of so'n c ;: Jo d itr't '^ i-'V^"'^"' '^^«" ■) J- Wind.o, under the datljt "u . H '"'n":'" -'""« I;o.-d-%,uty, Bcll,nghan, und the Cou Jil of I , ' '^;'""?"'"^ ^" ^''« Cowley ,s recommended to them as aw, ^ ' ' " "'"' ^^'^'"-••• ™ "' '^ ^""'^J' *"d necessary officer for I S84 APPENDIX. tlio surveying nppraising, and extending the King's possrasions and icvcniius ill Ireland;' and a second letter on tiie 21st of the same niiinth. specially directing that the salary attaching to the office should be 100/. per anTiuin — a large sum in those days. Cowley had continued to hold the appointment of Clerk of the Crown in Chan- cery, to which he was originally appointed, but he now resigned that situation upon receiving the patent for the office of Surveyor-General of Ireland, which he was the first to fill, and held till his death, in 1551. "Robert Cowley, beside Walter, had two sons, Robert and Nicholas.' The former was a justice of the peace in the King's County, under the title of ' Robert Colley, Esq. ;' having on the 3rd February, 1562, received a grant from Queen Elizabeth of lauds in that county called Castletown, otherwise Yomig-Cowleystown ; but he was slain by the rebels on the 10th July, 1572," without leaving luale issue, and the property reverted to the Crown. Nicholas appears to have been a merchant of Kilkenny, and he filled the office of Sovereign of that municipality in the years 1540 and 1551. This Nicholas was probably the progenitor of the subsequent Cowleys of Kilkenny. Walter, the Surveyor-General, was no doubt the head of the family, and he (according to Lodge) had two children, Henry and Walter. The first was a captain in Queen Elizabetli's army, was knighted, and received a grant of Castlecarbery, in the county of Meath. From him sprang the Mornington family. Walter, the younger, was Customer and Collector of the port of Droghcda, but I find no further mention of him. The junior branch of the family, which remained iu Kilkenny, were chiefly wealthy traders in the city, and also owned property in the county : some of tliem were brought up to the legal profession, for it appears from the ' Exchequer Order-book' that, in IGIO, 'Mr. Cowlie, learned in the law,' was counsel for the Corporation of Kilkenny, iu a suit in the Court of Exchequer. In 1611, Air. Rothc was their counsel, and Robert Rysse their attorney; but subsequently, in the same year, 'Mr. Cowlie, the lawyer,' appeared to represent the body. In IGOl), when Kilkenny received the Great Charter of James I., raising it to tlic dignity of a city, Michael Cowley was spcoially named in that doeii- nieut as one of the first aldermen. lie filled the office of mayor in I Patrick Colley was, iu tbe year 1537, one of llio solillera of Dublin Caslle, at a fee of 8/. per d.ny during liis life (Rot. Mem, '-"9 Hen. Vlll., m. 30), and towards the end of the same ciimiry Silvester Cooley, geiitleiniin, wa.s nccordlns to Ihe "Liber .Mniierum," constable of Dublin Caslle. These were.donbtleas, members of the Cowley family of Kilkenny. d This fact escaped Lodge mid Archdall. It Is here glvon on Iho authority of an Exchequer Inquisltlou, Kiiij's Ck>'.iaiy, tciiiii. liliz. No. 1-. APPEN^DIX. bears the folK.wIng inscription 'r '' '^'''^''^ "^ ^t. John, wl.ieb ^'^"■''•'<;''aotjunV(,nn,s„it„s &n m . "^■;i;o.I corrwptibilo est i„ or p C r ' ' 'T "^'"^'" *^""^'^-"'' vivore orb, dosiit a„„o i'" TT'^r J:^'^''' ''"^f'-m natuno. IIa,c illo CTpit viv,.,-o anno * # # « ^lie mensis • * » * ^^^,j^ Kilkenny nnder'the date 0^1° T"'"'"" "*" *'"= -'""^y "f ISS. in Trinity Colle^/illh F 3 \ r^;"' ^'"^"•^^' *'- Mayor ,.f Ki,ko„„3. ;„ ,^3^ In 1 Anc' e^' O T """''^y '^'^^ "PlwirH on the roll of,.. ."'"''^ C°wley. of Kilkenny Conneil of tl.e Co ^l ate cTl "'i ."'" "* '" ^'^ ^n : n^' JoI.n. Abbey, ;^ :^^,r U^C' '^"' ^^ ''^ ^""^" ^"^^ "^^ fee, bearing, in addition ^^^7 T'' ^^^^^^ tbo.e of elonged to the ton,b of this ^n \,'V"' "" /' ^^'^^'"'^'^ In.sh h,«tory. Luke Cowlev wJ Ro "^^ * "' ^^^"^^"1 poriod of Ossory.and Prothonotary Lo" He "T ^'**''°;'° ^^-''^--n of -.-.od to the answers fo he f l/ "' «^ «-'"'- "an.e appears Snpr..no Conneil, to the Bi 1 1' A '^"''■"^ ^"^"'""^^■•^ ^>' *''° ^.'^'S. When the all-eon.ue n! a'o Cro" ' n"' '"^'"■'^•"" '" -"l-lo by the garrison of Kilk^nCrif r ' "'""" ^""'"^ '••'■«^- ti-y sued for and received honomS tor ' T ' ^'""""* ''"-^^--o. ;;-- to negotiate the matter wlLZ^^ ♦I'o first of these who si.^ned t! e H ^^^"""ontary General ; and C-vloy, The fan.ily ha^ e t" tt ^ "^'''''^''"" -''^ ^^^-a -d city of Kilkenny ; the last fe °' disappeared fron, the county t" trace in the loeality hoiu^J^^J^^Z!" T ' '''''' ^^^^" -''l''^'' 2-2nd Deeen.ber. 17^, ;« p^V ^j^" f' 1^''"^° ^^'»- 'rearing date trar's Office. IJc heanoX t\\ ° *'." ^''°''i' I>i°<^esan Ke-ns. ^ocly to be buried .1^! ^ ^^^'^ i^:;^' ^™- "'« -"1 to God.l.is "■^ i"to.-ost in the farn,s of 1 . , dn. ^''^^^^^^ "^ St. John, and b' lease fron> Denny Cuffe E L ' n ^'"'•''"'^'•>-' ''"'^^ ^y '-» .divided between his w f7„.tdVhe ."n '"'''" P^"<'-''-i«lb' mentioned. * '''''" '''"'^^'•<^"> wl'ose names aro not VOL, n. 25 880 Al'l'K^DlX. « In the mean time tlie elder branch of the family was rising to high honours nnd distinctions in other counties. Henry Colley, the cldesi 8>n of Wultcr, tlic Siirvoyor-Gcnerul, though his oiTicial np- p,.ii,tmeiits as GoveriLU- of Piiiliii.stown and a Commissioner for the execution of Martial Law, Avere in tlie King's County, Kildare, and Mcath. kept np liis uoiijiection with Kilkenny, as he rcpnscntcd tlio borougli of Thoniastown in Parliament. He was kniglited and nuide a Privy Councillor by the Lord-Deputy, Sir Henry Sydney, and for his services, military and civil, received the special commendation of several of the chief iMinisters of the day. He died in 1584, and tlie property of his eldest son, Sir Gcorg^CoUey, of Edenderry, passed out of tlie family from the failure of heirs male in the next generation ; but his second son, Sir Henry of Castlecarbery, had a numerous posterity. He was succeeded by his son Henry, who was succeeded by his son, Dudley, wliose successor was Henry, who, in his turn, was succeeded by another Henry, the father of Richard Colley, Baron of Mornington, the father of Garret, Earl of 3Iornington, whose fifth son, born the 1st of May, 17G9, was the Duke of Wellington. Richard Colley, the first of the family raised to the peerage, succeeded to the property of the Wesley or Wellesley family, on the death of his cousin, Garret Wesley in 1728, that gentleman having made him his heir on condition of his assuming the surname and using the coat of arms of Wesley. The arms since borne by the family, in consciiuo,-. e, are— Quarterly, first and fourth gules, a cross, argent, between four saltiers of plates, for Wesley : the second and third or, a lion rampant gules, gorged with a ducal coronet, proper, for Colley. Crest, on a wreatii, an armed arm in pale, couped below the elbow, the hand proper, the wrist encircled with a ducal coronet, or, holding a spear in bend, with tlie banner of St. George appendant, in allusion to tlie AVesleys having been anciently the standard-bearers of the Kings of England. The lion rampant, here used for Colley, was no part of the arms of the old Cowleys of Kilkenny ; but I am informed by Sir William Betham— to whom I have been indebted for much valuable information on the subject of this paper— that this bearing was spe- cially granted to Richard Colley, from the English Heralds' College upon his assumption of the name and cognizance of Wesley. Tlie arms given for Cowley, in an heraldic manuscript iu the possession of the Rev. James Graves, which seems to have been compiled in the beginning of the last century by some native of Kilkenny, are- ^ gules, a chevron (by others a fess), arge7U, between three esquire.' helmets.' The armorial bearings on the monuments of Michael and Andrew Cowley, in the Abbey of St. John, display a fess between Al'PKXDIX. tI.reo esquires' helmets, with the crosf n I , ' ^^^ cnbowed to the dexter side. tI ' ' 1 l"';, ' T^'^ "* ^^'-^ ^^''^^ ^:'t a eroseent, as a ,nark of cadet ' '' "^ '*'''"''^^' '^ ^'""-^^'J K.lla.,,,., aekuowle,l,ed the Collt ?/ 7"° l'"" ""^ ^^-^'^^^ "f branch of their huu.c." ^"■^neearbery to ho the elder INDE X Aberdoen, Km] of, j; i^-j ^'Stiiiir'' ''"'"" "'^ "''^'^'^'^ ■» Aclaud, Geiiorul, urrivos, i 4" A.la.>., Colouoiat the Pa^s ofOrdal, i. 200 — — • Uoneriii; li. 3;) Adelaide, Queen, ii lyo Adniiralty, sliygislmess of, i. 0-3 A%liaiiiatau ex|)editiou, ii. 205 Agiiioourt, ii. 25 All »,,'■ • ^'^' "«3'"llt of, 10 Aibade orme., attack oa, i. 189 Albucift, battle of, i. 117 Albert, IViuoc, poI of the Rifle Bri- K'uie,., 0^7; Master of the Sv House, 11. 'JOS ^liuity Alcobafa, o.inveut of, burnt, i 85 AlexaiKlei'ofRu.sia, i. 213 Ale..and.y Mr.,Edito,.oftl.e'.Mo,.„h,.. J<.unml," prosecuted for libel, ii u> ii. ;M0, ^ "' Kurope,' 1. 7u ; ^^^ on (he Battle of Waterloo, ii.-57 t:'lr05! 30^"-" ''"'"'" "^^^""'- ^fI^S^ ;t;;^7'"'"" '"' "«"->'^' '^'ioa' ""'' '""^''^""■'"t "P"n Dresden, — , the, in Paris, ii. 50 A hmiriiz, ea])ture of, i. I05 Almeida, i. uy , escape of the garrison, i. 101 Althorp, Lord, ii i>>o AnecdotesoflheJJuke, ii. 79 80 qni Ani'KMN Pull.,,. !• ■ ' ° ' •''^1 .no lets, Lollejre of, wliere Weliin.rtnn wa,s educated, i. 3 "tiiiiijjton Aiijjl.scy, Marcjuis of, i 009 ---7 Marquis of, at tlie Iiead of the L.uu™aent, 1828, ii. 137; r" Ansuu, Major-Gcneral, i. 104 Tm ^^"■''^"■-«^'"«'»1. at" Salamanca, Au.t^ruther,GeaeraUnehorsoffPenicho. Appendix, No. I i q'rq . w- tt ■• Ap'ley Udnse i'oili'/.'tJ^^P;' "• ^-? «;? • iitf.w.i- 1 . ,r ' '° P'etures of, ,, • """f'^ed by the mob, 16u- win Auckland, L,:;.V[i';.05'^""''-'°'^^ 18 Aurun^ubad, occupation of; i. ic Austria, Kmperor of, ij 07.1 ,,,,... Autographs !.f the D;,k;,"ii.-£'''> B. B.AD.UOZ, description of, i. 99 ; sie-e of miaed, 1. 119 ; blockaded, 'm'^'tUe eve of the stormiiiy i ^^■7.J' • "f. IM; sack oUoI "'''"'■'""'« til' V"''^' '"'''"'* '**«''""g»P^- 11 11 390 I2»"DEX. Ballastci'os, Oencrnl, i. 184; offended pride of, i. 187 Bunk of Enjjluud, run for gold upon, ii. im Biiriiuril, Colonel Andrew, i. 90 Uiiroasii, battle of, i. 'J7 Biitiiviii, iittuek on, i. 10 Butliurst, Eiirl, Foreign Seoretiiry, i. 1 Vn ; letter to, August 8tli, 1813, 383 ; ii. 58 Batons of the Duke of Wellington, ii. 307 Biivonuts first used at Bayouuo, i. 31-1 (note) Bayonue, i. 73 ; sortie from, i. 333 Beaufort, Duke of, ii. 37 Beauliarnais, ICngone. awaits Napoleon at Magdeburg, i. 208 Belgian troops fall baek in confusion, ii. SO Belgium, Napoleon's views in refereneu to, ii. 5; renounees the authority of Holland, 1830, ii. 157 Beutiuek, Lord William, i. 45 ; character of, 260 Beresford, General, i. 49 ; llarslial Sir William, at the capture of Badiijo^, 115; Marshal, ii. 148 Bernadotte. Mar>hal, i. 170 Bertraud, (ieueral Count, i. 177 Bessieres, Marshal, sent to join Massena, i. 103; killed at rosernii, 208 Biilassoa, passage of the river, i. "83 Biographies of the Duke, ii. 202 Bishop, Sir Henry, ii. 297 Bishops hissed during Divine Service, ii. 164 Blueher, Marshal, defeats Marshal Mac- (lonald, i. 304 ; ])ursu'-3 the French Army to the Hhiiie. 3U0 ; leads on his forces to Meaiix, 324 ; notice of, 343; impatience to commence lighting, ii. 14 ; proposes to execute Napoleon, 40; narrowly escapes death, 17; \in- dicliveue.ss of, 05 ; reproved by Wel- lington, 05 Bock, Miijiii-General, at Salamanca, i, 1 72 Bordeaux, advance of the Allies to, i. 321 Bourb( the Duke of York, ii. 103; 18(5 (note); jil the Iciiiqnet at Dover, 197 Brunswick, Duko of, marches to Quatro Bras. ii. 1 7 ; cavalry arrives, 19 ; anec- dote of 19 (note); Duke of, is slain, 20 ; killed at Quatre Hras, 41 Brussels, news received of the apprnaeh of the French, ii. 15; on the 10th and 17th of June, 1815, 39 ; on the 18th, 41 Buenos Ayres, expeilitions against, i. 29 Bidow, (xcneral, ii. 14 ; approach of tho Uussiaus, 33 Buonaparte, Joseph, crosses the Tagus, i. 58 King Joseph, i. 177 Lucien, ii. 45 Burdett, Sir Franci.s, opposes tlie grant to the Duke of Wellington, vl812), i. 200 Sir Francis, ii. 103 Burgos, ndvauco upon, i. 1 8,"? ; descrip- tion of, 185 ; abandonment of tuo siege, 187 ; march to (1813), 237 Bm'govne, Major-Ocneral Sir John, ii. 238" BiU'ke, speeches of, ii. 210 liurrard, Sir lleru-y, i. 42 Busaeo, battle of, t. 77 Bvng, Major-Cieneral (afterwards Lord 'Statfori'l), at the battle of the Py- rtuees, i. 257 ; falls at the battle of the Nivelle, 297 Byron, Lord, lines on the Duchess of 'Uichmond's cntertaiBient, ii. 16; 97 (note) C.Mii 1., catastrophe, ii. 215 Cadiz, siege of, i. 95 Cailogan, tlie IIou. Lieutenant Colonel, i. 239 Caffiirelli, General, i. 185 Cambridge, Duke of. ii, 233; Colonel of the Coldstream Guards, 208 Cambray, stnrming of, ii. 43 Cameron, Lieutenant-Colonel, death of, at F'tientes de Onoro. i. 100. Coliiuel, mortally wounded, ii.20. CauniuL', Uight Hon. George, defence of Wellington, i. 202 ; speech. 311 ■ foreign minister, ii. 90 ; affairs of Greece, 98 ; succeeds the V,u\\ of Liverpool a." I'le.oier, 105; ministry, 1827, 113; corn bill opposed by tlie Duke of Wellington, 116; death ot; 118; burial of, at Westminster Abbey, 119. Canova, cnlossal figure of Napoleon by ii. 01 (note) Cambrai. ii. 81 Cape of Gooil Hope taken, i. 30 IXDEX. Capcfijjiie, ii. 78 Ciipo d'fsti'ia, Oiiuut, ii. 78 OarimrvDi), End of, ii. lO') I'.m'l.t .•«.,ist,s all tl,e eir„U of (!,„ Can.lm,,, Ci„ec,., u.tioe of, ii, gV- ti'i .1 "f 8 ;atlo,„pt.tof,.rc.„l„..,s,| I CastiMskioI.l. U,n^,-iniiUhnov:x\ en camps uoar It.oliil,!, i. yi • d, L k"." of'uJ ' "'^' ^'^"^''^'t. ii- 5U; death Catholics, elaiais of. ii 105 Oauhiiu.o.,-t a,l l,...sc.. lotto.a to the i limoel{..,.c.,.LuMlothors, i. 371 Chai-Ii'i'oi taken, ii. M ChaW,;s X. ul. iioales, IS.^0, ii, 1,57 Cliart.st,s, the. Mie.fi,,. „f, „„ ];,,„„i„„. t nCo„mi,#„, 0,10; petition of, "51 Chutliuiii, L)i(j, ii •>!);) ' ' Cliels..a JXM,,,'tal, iyi„. ;„ .^.^^^ ,,f ^^^^ J^'i^o. 11. 2,|; pe„.sio„eM follow the iJukes I'einaiiia. 277 Chilliauwallah, b:ittle of, ii ogg Chma, the opi,,,., '! C..l.ins,^M,..,,heL.„ke'shous...te,va,.d, i sdi CJumn^In the Ph,.oni.v Park. Dnblin, Col|-i||o Lientonant^Joneral Sir Charles, at the MornuM-of Uambrav, ii 43 C-mbermero, L,nl,cl,araeterof, i.yog. Useouut, enviable of the To^-er, ii! Coneeits, Aneient, ii "97 C'nimu,i;ht \Uigv,;, estimate of, i. 134 C'-n.s.,l.s .sudden fall of, ii.5(i(uou:) Constables, speei.il, ii "40 ' Cooper, Sir Astley, attends the Duke at Walnier Castle, ii. 201 . Copetihaijen bombarded, i d Copenha-en, the Duke's ..har-er ii •?-. ^("ote); monumentof,97 "• ' ' Corn bill of .Mr. Canniu- ii no , Cornwallis, Lord, i. 147 I Cott.M,, Lieutenaut-Geueral Sir S i y ; wounded by a sentry, iW' wounded at Salamanca, 173 ^ ' Cradoek. Sir John, despatehed to Lisbon, *^'::;S'iN';i'"i-''""^''"''»' the attack "' Ciudad Uoilri-o, 142 . deathof 14J. • character of 140; auocdotroU48.' anecdote of the ramrods, lt)4 ' Crotch, Professor, ii. 17s Ciiesta Spanish General, i. 57 Cuulad Uodrijjo. description of i OO • capture of, 137 "^ ' '■ •'■'> Cumberland, Duke of, ii 175 Currency, metallie, theory of, ii. 307 Curtis, Dr. ii. 140 ' Ci^^tall'alace,^,, Groat Exhibition, ii. D. ^=aS:S.^?;^'^"'^''«'^^tt,e Dalhousie, Lord, character of, i. 037 r,~, ; •^^•V'T'i^ "»'. ii. -'50 Ualrymple, O,)lonel, i. 1 1 r.r, :.«i'' Ilu-h, i. 43 DA,,,.oulemo, Due, joins Welliu^ton, •••il^ endeavours to rally the people, IJ'Artois, Count, ii. 3 IJavoust, Marshal, resolutely defends Hamburi,'h, i. 326 "^-xnua Daw.son, Jlr., ii 14'> IX^non, keeper of tl,; Fine Aria ii 73 Jin,;;:^i;:;if;r.i7'^^^'"-'-ofthe Deaaix, General, i. 170 so: IKDEX. Dhooiuliik Wiui.i;!!, (loaoluTV nl', 10 ; licads a l);iiul '<( l\^^^K'rtnV>tii, U ; (U'Jitli of, ISiKi, i. I'J DiuU.soii. Liciit.O.ilciiu'l, at S;iti Sfbas- tiiiii. i. '^70 Dii'Z, Juiiii M:irtin, i. 182 D' Israeli, speoch upon tlie Duku"s fii- ucral, ii. 800 DospatfliLN of tlie Duke, i.. 201 Dull Ciuloa do Kspiiflii, 116; wouiKled at Ihu blockade of i'mupuhuui, 289 ; ii. 180 Don Miguol, ii. 172 D'Oi'lcauB, Dnk« (aftorwprds Louis I'liilippe), ii. 3 Dost Mahomed, ii. 20t Doiiglns, Colouel, four times wounded, ii 20 Douro. passage of, 5. rs Maieliioiie^s of, ii. 97 Dowtou, llie eouu'dian, i'. Itil Dubietou, siu'priso of, at Ui.^ retreat of Wellington, i. 18S Duckwoi'th, Sii- I'lionias, cornniands iu f.\pedition against Turkey, i. 29 i Dnokworlh, Lienteuaut-Colouel, falls at Albueva, i. 117 Dudley, Lord, ii. V,>5; account of, iu Loiil Ui-ongliain's " Statesmen," ii. 114 (note) Duel between the Duke of Wellington and Lord Winehelsea, ii. US Dumourier, letters to, i. 313 Duncan, Major, i. 9tJ D' Urban, Count, i. 177 Duroc killed at Bautzen, i. 2G3 E. Ebrinotov, Lord, proposes to stop the 8uuplie,<, ii. 164 Edinburgh, statue of the Duke at, ii. 202 (note) El Bodon, allair of, i. 125 Elba, tiituatiou of, i. 300; population of, 361 ; iuiproveincnls in by Napoleon, 861 Eldon, Lord, ii. 80 IClleub irough. Lord, GovcrnorGencial of India, ii. 219 Klster, the river in which I'ouiatowaki was drowned, i. 300 Kiuerlon, Rev. Dr., acrninn on the chiir- acter of the Duke, ii 1572 Englaiul, reception of the news of the buttle of Vittoria in, i. 210; va,st ro- soureesof, 310; royal visitors iu, 313 ; defences of, letter of the Duke to Sir John F. Burgoyne, ii. 349 Krskini', Sir WiUi.iiii. i 82 Es-iliu;,'. IVincr cif (Ma-siMia), i. 73 Ivu'opi', proceedings in the north of, L 207 Kvau-i, (ii neral de Lacy, ii. 189 Estrenmdurii, torrents of, i. 154 F. FALMOirrii, Earl of, ii. 143 Fane, General, i. 75 Fergusson, Captain, death of, at Bada- joz, i. 158 Ferozeshah. Jwttlo of, ii. 28S Fitzgerald, Mr. Ves.y, ii. 137 Fitzroy, Lord, raised to the peerage, i. 271' Fitzroy Somerset, Lord, one of the Duke's personal stalf, ii. 12 Fletcher. Sir W.. at St. Sebastian, i, 205 Fort Niipiilenn, i. 104 Fort Hagnsa, i. 105 Fort Uetiro, at .Madrid, i. 182 Foy, UeiK rid, i. 5 1 France, entry lu! > of the allied army, i. 287 ; nn(ler tlu lionrbons, HO;i ; evacuation of, bv the allied armies, ii. 83; revolution in 183.1, 150; revolu- tion in 1848, 253 Franeesclii, General, i.JS2 ; taken pris- oner, 74 Fruzer, General, retreats before Alex- andria, i. 30 Frazer, Major, killed at the storming uf San Sebastian* i. 205 French, change opinions in favcuu' of the Btmrbons, i. 317 • cavalry attacks at Waterloo, ii. 31 ; revolution, 250 Fuentes d'Onoro, batth' of, i. 103 Frere, British minister, withdrawn, 1809, i. 63. G.vnoNXE, p.iasago of, i, C27 Gascovnc, General, ii. 160 Ganiarru Major, storming of the village of, i. 241 Gawilghur. assault of, by Cul.nel Sto venson, i 22 Gciiappes", village of, tlie scene of nu.di skirmishiniT. ii. 24 George III., death of ii. 80 —IV., crowned (1S21). ii. S3; speech of (18!9). 113 ; death of (18;-i0). 155; character of. 150 Gla.w, statue of the Duke at, li. 22& (Jodericu, Lord. ii. 117 Oonzilvo - Oonloa, / w.MinJ, C i-m, L.0 .!,'. 1, Loi' I, ^t itiioaa.v, i. 03 <*>ii,biiii, Mr. ii. 121 Oi'H'iiin, M,ijoi'.G^.|,oiMl, i. 9^ — ^— O.'iiuiul, laci)iii(> onlor tif, 1. 95 — LicutoiiintGfiier.il Sii'Tiiomii 1. 240; Sir TliJiuus, 232; at Suu Se- b.iittaii. 2iiA Sip Jnines, ii. 185 Great Kxhibitiyii.opeaeJilay Ist, 1831, GiviK.ble, people of, open the gatos to Napole.iii, li. i " Gieuville, L)rJ, on the subj.ct of slaverv t. S35; death of, ii. 17.4 " —— — . Mr., S^rt-tuiy to the Duke of Welluijjtoii, 11, 225 Givy. Earl, gciiiiu iiccDunt. of, ii, 169- strieturea up mi by tho Dulje of Wei' liu^toii, ii. 161 -— . Lord, resigns, ii. 163 ; ministry of, reralled, lti4 ^ Orouohy, Marshiil. ii. S3 Guerillas, detcrniiuatiim of, i. 72 GurwooU's Despatchea, ii. 341 ^:?? Haddinotov, Earl of, ii. 170 Halkett, Colonel, i. 188 , General, ii. ,33 Hamilton, Lieuteuant-GeBcrftl, i. 164 Hansard, Messrs, nppeal to the House ol Commons, il 2utt Harcourt, C.lonel, attacks the Raiah of lieiar, 1. 20 Hardeiiberg, representative of the Kins of Prussia, ii. 77 Hardiuge, Lieut.-Colouel, distinguishes himself at Albuera, i. 1 1 7 ■ Sir Henry, member of the Gov- einmeut (1828), ii. 137; attends the IJuke of Welliiigtoa as second in his duel with Lord Winchelsea, UB Lord, Commauder-iu-Chief, ii. garrii, General, at Seringapatnm, i. 6 Hastings, Marquis of, proceeds to 0»- tend, i. 4 • Lord, ii. 109 Hay, Colonel Leith, " Narrative of the Peninsular War," i. 76 Havnau, Marshal, ii. 272 (note) Helena, Princess, birth of, ii. 233 Herriei,Mr., Chancellor of theExche- „qaer, II. 119 Uwvy, jifyor, i. u I Iliglilnndcrs nt Qtntro Bras, ii. 20 • do. I ci.natliin tif, ji. \>i ' Hill, General, i. ij ; e;'083cs the Ta"m. 1. 7'J ° ' ~~' ^''•-'n'cniiiit-Gtnenil Ilowland, i. •, Sir Rowlnml, on the Pyrenees, the wliist party, i. 2S1 . Luid, oliai iieier (if, i. 3.38 ; narrowly ei'C.ipes a .-l,„t, 3:Jl); cmnin.inds the iio'lit wm^ of the arniv in ihe Nether- aiiJs. 11. 10; C.iiiiman.lei -in-Chief (1827). 11,5; death ..f, 218 H(.if,', Su' James Weir, spcoeh of, iL 364 Uo.land, opcruti.ms in. i. 3'.'5 Hope, Sir John, distiii|,'ui»lios himself at the pa8sai{,M)l the Nive, i. 315 ; wound- ed lu tile unlile, 31 J; inliileience to personal danger, IJIO ; taken prisoner at Uuyouiie. 3;i;J ~rT' ^«"''''"1 iJir Jiihn, succeeds Sir iliomas Griihaiii. i. 2S3 Hou^'.miiiout, ii. 2(5; chateau of, 23 ; at- taek upon, '2'i Houglitoii, General, dealh of, i. lie Howard, General, nt Arioyo del Molt- nos, i. 120; ut Aliimraz, 165 Hulke, Mr., medical attendant to the Duke. ii. 201 Huuio, Mr. Joseph, ii. 163 — - — pt"; ntti'uds the Duke at Walmer Castle, li. 201 Hunt, iMr., eliaraoter of, ii. 127 (note) Hnskisson's, Mr., eorrespondeiiee with the Duke of Wellington, ii. 118 ; rcsig- natumof, 129 * Hyde Park corner, statue of the Duka at, li. 237 Hyderabad, protection of, i. It Jksa, the bridge of. ii. 65 Joinyille, Prince de, pamphlet of, iL 288 Jomim, n Swiss, well known for kia military writings, i. 303 Jour(Jaii Mar.4ml, i. GO, 178 ; at Vittoria. of 245"'* *"'* ''*'°''' "" ' '"'*'^' Jiiuut, occupies Lisbon, i. 37 — — Duke D'Abrantes, at the battle of Vumwo, i. 43 . , K. KAFnss, war with, ii. 289 Kellerman, Guueral. in the British eam& •04 INDEX. Kempt, Mftjor-Ocner.il, attacks Ja Piou- rind, i. 16S -■ - Ot'iienil, killou at tho battle of tlio Nivclli', i. •-'l.'V Keiulall, tlio DiikoB valot, ii. 201 — sun of, iiiturvii'w with llio Duk ■, ii. 'jyy (iinli>) Kioliimn«('i,'i<(', Count, ii. 266 Klebui-, Uc'iiei'al, i, 173 KoMUtb, liL, ii. SOT LABEDOYiRB, Culi)iit.'1, tricd aad executed, ii. 70 La Bello Alliance, ii. 20 La lliiyc Siiintc, ii. '20 La I'icui'iiia, cit)>turu of, i. 166 L'Alleinimd, Geiiui-id, i. 108 Lufayetto, ii. 16 Lake, Lord, appointed to tho coniniand of the army at Uiiulotitan i. 10 ;( de- stroys Seiiidah's power iu lliudostan, 20; death ot; 41 Latnui'tiue i>n the defection of the French troops, ii. 2 ; " History of the llestora- tion of Monarchy," ii, 13 (note) Lansduwuo, Murquia of, i. 203 ; ii. 164 Leipsic, battle of, i. 305 Le Mnrcliaut, Major-Ueueral, fu'ta at Salamanca, i. 171 LlKny, tho rivulet o^ ii. 17 ; battle of ai. 20 Liverpool, Lord, on the affair of Burgos, i. 202 ; ii. 86 ; struck with paralysis, 104 ; character of, lui ; death of, 148 Lobau, Count, ii. f,2 Londoners, alarm of, ii. 243 Loiulondcriy, Marquis of, ambassador to Russia, ii. 188 ; receivea the order of tho Garter, 208 Long, Gcnci'al, i. 189 Lou^?ford. liovii, i. 201 ; ii. 145 Louis XVII I., proolulmcd in 1813, i. 299; quits Paris for Gliont, ii. 3; joins the allied army at Ghent, ii. 43 ; takes up his abode ut Cambray, 43 ; enters Paris, 68 Louis Philippe, King of the French (1830), ii. 157 Louvre, spoliation of, ii. 73 Lover, Samuel, "Tlie flag is half mast high" ^soug), ii. 20.') Lymihiu'dt, Lord, ii. 137 ; ii. 1G3 ; ou tho Reform Question, ii. 165 — 169 Lyons, entry into by Napjtleon, ii. 3 H M'AiiTiiun, Dr., attemk tlie JJukc, ii. 201 M.K'iiiilay, tho Hon. R, spcoi'h at Kdin- liurgh, ii. 212 (piote) Macd.iiiald. Marshal, heads au army agiiiii!it N'apoliioii, ii. 3 Mauiiild.Hli, Aliijor, giillaiit couduat of, i, Ull ; spi'iclios o(, ii. 210 M'hi'od, Colonel, death of, at Badajoz, i. 158 Maoiwmghtcn, Mr., ii. 210 Maelaiuc, Captain, bi'avery of, i. 95 Mauln killed at the storming of Cimlad Uotlrigo, I. 144 M'Kunzif, di-atli of, at Talavera, i. 04 Maera, Colonel, killed, ii. 20 Ma^liid tilled with French Guards, i. 39 ; triumphal entry into, 1812, 179 ; royal jialaco, 180 ' iguire. Lieutenant, leads tho forlorn hope at San Sebastian, i. 274 ; death of, 274 Mahratta Chieftains, Seindiah, Holknr, and the Peishwa, at issue, i. 14 Mailland, General, ii. 83 Mah'olm, Admiral Sir I'ulteney, i. 44 Malmenbury, Lord, ii, 117 Manstield, Karl of, ii. 109 March Lord, one of the Duke's persumd stall', ii. 12, 29 MailU)ro, John Duke of, i. 2 Mai'iuont, Marshal, i. 113, 103 woundod at Salamanca, 173 ; character of, 17u ; dismounts the cai.non To pass St. Uor- naril, 170; suriasetl iu his bivouac, i. 325 Miiroehetti, Baron, ii. 223 Alas-ena before the lines of Torres N'eilra.'), i. 78 ; at Sauturem, 79 ; rc- tieat,! 81 ; aunounces to the Kii,^' Napoleou's ariival, 2 Mauritius a rendezvous for plotters, i. 13 Maxwell, Coloucl, at Assaye, i. 18 ; death of, 19 Melbourne, Lord, ii. 121 ; resigns, IS.5; reeal.ed( 1830), 188; character of, 193; eulogimu upon, by the Duke of Wei- liuglou, 1U3 (note); resigus, 1841, 2uy ^letteruich, Piinee, negotiates for Aus- tria, i. 269 ; Prime Minister of Aus- tria, ii. 77 Military conveution, ii. 48 nioui Jiiiig, ii. 269 Militia Bill, ii. 263 Milton, Liird, refuses to pay toxcs, ii 164 Minn, a Guerilla chief, i. 78, 221 IXDEX. M.mU. U■■J,^,1I„. i. ,77; .:,,,,„f|,, „f_ il'iiitbnm, (li'iKiMl, i i-i A}i''.nN.Sn;J.,|.,,, i. l-inSimin, t7 ''=,.», IT'"" ""^■"' Jlonllo, Ooiicciil, i, I.'jo o.;Voll,,^t,.n.,.o,a,n.«,. ..UcnonU — U'-waij;or Lady, 88S ^iMiUcr, C.LMiural, liiiiimiiitv of, i 67 JUdsoow 111 H.iiiH.^ (IST'i f oj- Jliillliiii,', Oi'iimJ, ii. 13 Miin,ta,,|,„iii,e,| s„l., U..frp„t of Mmlml, . ?iJ , dis,,Htclu.d to uttuuk tho Allies 111 Jiihoiiiui, ;j(jl Jliiny C;..,a.i.al Sir John, i. 55; at «.mrliii;iitial (ni, '.'50 ' '^i > Sii' (Jooi'^r,., iiicniljor of the govonuneiit (ls-8), ii. l;i7 i"'''i''J "''""'"'' """"I'lod at Vittorift, %era, Sir Willimn, deat!. of, i. 117 3oe I'; N. Nani:lau3, Brid!,'e of, i. 240 Napier woiiii,|«| at Ciiidiid Ilodri-o i 144;awouutolhi.„„,i„.,,„„„,,^„,l • no; Major Goiicral, Sir Ulmrles, at- tacks thu Aiiioors of Soiiide, ii. 219 iVapoleou Uuoimparto, ill K,,y„t j jy. Linpcror of the Froiicii 71804) "8 •' I8SUC., a decree for the blockade of the' Br.t,..h IsleMlSOO). 28 ; establishes (1S08J, „o; l„a power m Kiiro|)e, yo • putsaiMmmeu3o force in inoiioa (Dec' l^U'J), 70 ; fort named after Napoleon, I60 ; misimderstmidin!,' with the liiia- 8,a.,s at Borodino (18K), 21 C; meet- n {? at Ureslau, 215 ; Moscow iu (lames, ^lo; movement against tho northern armies, 208; Rfllicted by the loss of Duroc,2b8; the Congress at Prague, 2b0; policy of (18ly), 288; commands m person at Dresden, 303; attacks lierlm oOi; reaches Leipsic, 305 ; battle of Lcipsie, 30,". ; council of war furtli, 80«: proce^!... tr, Pari,, soe • 'NmsoIvcs thn Chamber. 308 • di^„>I„ '■^'■niuiCVMigressatChatilMnS': -t::'32:;';,:^:f,£;r-,v =:'i^^;i.sri;r'!.;-''- i"clmi,a(.nn.,3.i(); resnme. tl .. .^oy.' >;i-Hfto,he«th',.i;;;,,^:, ;-;:^ bead's '•% V T"'"r. "!' '" '""■""!"«• i-Haii 3; reaches Paris. ;i; patiiotio n-oeiat.ons, 4; views m reVc?,^" co to IMgmn, R; forg.tsthetreacheyof tl'fl liileries, Juno 12. I8I5. 13. pocceils toAvesnes. 13; hara ig„ s ho troops. 13 : pnslios on to Fleiir is of/l, W^"t«''loo, 32; approach of the Prussians, 33; the final charge^ 3.n retreal, 42; abdication of, 45. itiU%r'^'^""'.">-''^«t-' National Convention, ii. 043 •National distress, ii. 153 Navarino, battle of ii io.> N.'therlan.k the Dula- inOSlS). ii. 830 N.y, Marshal I. 71; beaten wi h verv IjoavyhisshyBernadotte, 3U4;nlwn^ Vi Piiiis, eapituliitloii of (1815), IL 47; the Allii'tt ill, 01 ; giiii'ties of, 51 Piirliiiiiietit,diHifo|iiti,,iiof(l8;jO), ii. 160; diimoliiliou of (I8:il), ItiO; |irorujfii- tioii uf, October (18;U), 102 PiirliuiiH'iitiiry pi'oeec'diugH, i. 201 ; fe- foiiii, 157 Paiiioil, Sir Henry, ii. 158 Pfiu'dc'lie, MnjiPi'-UfUoriil, etatioucJ at J.isbdii, i. 22'J Pi'iia, Oomjriil, i. U5 l'ouiii8iiliir servioe, i. 225 IVfl Sir llobort. on tlio ciiaractor of tlio Duke of Vork, ii. Iu2 ; dofuiico of tlio Duke of Wellington, US; resigns tbe ro|iri'sentatiun of 0.\lWlitueucy of i'aiiiwoith, IBO; in a niiiioiity, 187 ; i> i tliu corn laws, 2;i0 ; ri'iigualiou of, •.';!!; dtatli of, 251 ; eulogiurn uu, by liio Duko of Wollingtoii, 2.^1 Percivid, .vir., i. 202 PciMiiin ■ i|)tiiro of, ii. -13 PerpoiH h, 1-, (jinorul, ut Ligny, ii. 18 Pliilliiuoiv. Dr., ii. 171) Pbilliji|ioii, Oovriinr of Badajoz, i. 101 PIklmilv Park, Dublin, ii. 03 Piuton, General Sir 'Jlmmas, nt Busnco, i. 77 ; addrt'Si to the soldicrr* at the storming of Cimlad llodrigu, 143 ; wounded at Badajoz, 100 ; iimrchea with Lis brigade from the Place Iloyale, Brussels, ii. 10 ; his division comes to the rescue near Qiiatre Bras, I'J ; death of, :,i) (note) Pictures of the Duke, ii. 202 (note) Pill, British Minister (17'J4), i. 4. Poland, seeks to cast ■ t the Uusaiau yoke, ii. 167 Pouiatowski at Leipnic, i. 806 ; periahes in the stream, 806 Poison, Mr. Archer, line* on the Duke'i death, ii. 200 PoiHoiiby, .Sir Williant, mlniirable nmn- 11.,'i'iiuiit of hii britfadf, li. 21 ; kdlvj lit Wat.'rioo, ;a Piirliiiioulh, thu Allied SuvorelijDs itt, i, :mo Portugal, invasion of, by the Krencli. (1808), i. 1)5 ; royal family of, einigrato to the BraiiiU, 37 ; a prey to factions, ii. 171 ; civil war, 173 Portuguese army, lelter on the, i. 370 Powiss, Captain, uiortully wounded nt Pieuriiia, i. 155 Prineo Uegent, the, accords tlio prize- money, ii. 81 Prisoners, Knglish, unavoidably killed bv the British at the atormiug of Monte Orgullo, i. 277 Pyrenees, pouition of Marshal Souli, i. 254 ; batllu of, 257; life in, aimising picture of, 286 ; decent from, iiiid entry into France, 287 ; deseripliijii of, 380 QiiATBK Bras won by Iho allies, ii. 20 a juuctiou uf four roads, 16 (uote) R. Radet/.kv, ii. 807 Uadii'al, first ajiplication of the word, ii. 157 (note) Hagusa, Duke of, nt Salainancn, i. 170 Itamsay, Captaiu Normal), ut Puentes tl'Onoro, i. 105 Ilaucour, MademoisoUe, account of ox- traonliuary proceedings ut her burial, i. 303 (note) Reform in parliament, ii. 125 Reform Bill, ii. 169 ; carried (1832), 170 Reform question, ii. 15'J Reform riots nt Bristol, Derby, Nottin"- bam, and elsewhere, ii. 1 00 Recent, Prince, i. 203 ; letter to Wei- lingt.l ; criib.i8sy to^ltf'V) SAr,AM.\NcA, n town in the kinir.Iom of l..M,i,, I. IOH>,joyof(h.. riti- ..upon tlie fiitMaiifc ot the »iM(ish las ■ cun- tiire of the forts or !,,,'"» *"*i' Salisbiiiy, Miirqiiis ,,|, jj igg Saltoiin Lord, i.i Ihmgoumont, ii, 29 Ban SfhaHtian, (Itceiiiilioii of, i 26J- siogo of, 27;i; the broach, 276; fiiijht- t»l^ exoo9.s* , of the British troSps, Santa Teii -n, convent of, i, 276 Suiitareiii. 1. 78 Saiiii^in, General, i, 177 S.i.md^rs* "News Letter," ij. 009 note) ' *°'' Sii.Koiiy, invasion of, i, soi Sciiiile, eonqueat of, ii, 219 Sfhw«,.f,o„[,erg, I'rino,." entr.isted witli the chut ciMDiuaml of (he allies i.S03' at the buttle of Lei psie, !i05 a'-.^i'" ^X""". "" the battle of \Vaterl(«), li, .-j-tl Scntn,), Ij„-,|, ii 20(1 Sekstiaiii, Mineral, i. 57 Shciidau. 8|)e,lition . ■-|;i>o;.;d by the Duko of Weliinj? Smith, Si, c'harle,, at St. Sebwtim,, i. •JI13 Soi^ni.,^, forest of, ii, 07 („„t > h(d,|,w.-, I'leooh, elmra(t,.rof,ii y.-g «oM,,oii.H, caiiiliilati,,)! of, i y>,( i^ohiriiae, tJciiiTul, i. |;i aomc.,H,.t, L,,,,| |.;.hvard, for.vH lh„ ,V'',, ',"''"""'''■■■* '" '!"" tl'" lirld 11. ol; loses an aim Hi U'atnloo, ;u — -— , l-oid Kilzioy. aide-,|,.„„„|, i„ Ah.^er Uc.erul of the O.dila.iee, il' Soult Mar«h,d n,iko.,f Daln.a.ia, at O'orto, I, n.i; ivach..., u,.,„., CO dvano... „„ Han,,., »« ; eooiinu, J^t the»legeo|•^^,,|iz..),r j;.- .ji'"^^''^ cheeked by Uii), ,«., hiya ,!! 4'^: address to hiseoldieiB, 251); wdeav-' o..r^,to,...,deras.si.,taneeai;h,.si!l ofSan6ebast,an,282;be|-or.|Jayo,,,,«, >J9 ; crosses the AtUnw, :i2rt • Arioi. tV of War under Louis X V I I'li': dismissed,;!; visit to Kngland," 11*5 .' B|>eeohot 11)5; anecdotes of 1 1(() ' — - — Miidaine, interview wiih leon, 1. 151 (note) Spain, duped into a secret tiealv with imnee, I. ao; abdication 01 the Ivi,,; ot, M; march into (lSI;i) •';j;i • ,„,,? K;;nphy of, 235; British k-ion'i.r,ii; Spanish arniv, letter on the i 37,3 Squares f,)r.ne,l at Waterloo', iVsi .^tael, Madame de, ii. 69 Slanley, Lord. ii. I85, S.'SO Staiihopo, Lady Uester, ii. 80; Lord, ii. Stevenson. Colonel, i. 1 1 St Jean, Ah.iit, troops „n blvouaoiu tho iields near, li. 2I ; 25 St. Paul's Cathedral, funeral of tlie Duke I'. 271 ; crypt of, 278 • scene in, dur^ iiij,' the funeral service, 279 Straihtiehlsaye, purchase of, ii. 03 (note) • monument at, to tho memory of "Co- penhagen," 97 Stewart, Sir Charles (afterwards Mar- quN Londonderry), ambassador to Berlin, 1. 268 ———Sir William, anecdote of, i. '2Ql (note) I • '"I A'apo- 898 INDEX. Stunrt, General, at Sedosacr (1799), i. 1 Suehet, Marshal, at Castella, i. 217; 122 ; destroys the defouces of Tarra- goiin, '266; holds possessioa of Cata- lonia, 267 Surgieal operations, i. 110 Suttuu, Sir Charles Mauuers, ii. 188 T. Talavera, battle of, CO TalU'vrnnd, I'riuoe, i. 113 j character of, ii. 09 Taiifa, attack upon, i. 135 Tami!;ona, fuiluio of the expedition to, i. 251 Test and Corporation Acts, ii. 121 Tilsiin, General, i. 51 " Timi's," the, tribute to the Duke, ii. 260 Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, i. 6 ; retires to Seringapatam, 7 Torres Vedras, British army quartered there, i. 44 ; lines of, 69 Toulouse, city o(, operations at, i. 32*7 ; battle of, 328 ; Wellington enters 0814), 329 ; battle of, claimed by the French, 333 Touruay, surrender of, i. 4 Tower, the.statue of the Duke at, ii. 304 Trim, column at, ii. 115 Tiincomalee, a harbour on the coast of Ceylou, i. 13 Tuileries, vaults of, filled with gold, i. 306 UxBRiDGE, Earl of (afterwards Marquis of Anglesey), heads the cavalry, ii. 10; sketch of his life, 11 (note) Union Brigade, ii. 30 Valdermao, i. 178 Vandamuie, General, defeated at Culm, i. 304 Verona, the Congress at, ii. 89 Victor, Marshal, i. 67 Victoria, Queen, biith of (1819), ii. 85; accession of (1837), 192; declaration of her attachment to the constitution, 193 ; coronation of, 194 ; marriage of, 204; visit of, to Strathfieldsayo, 224 ; letter on the death of the Dulie, 203 Vienna, Congress of, i. 358 ; Congress of, news of Napoleon's escape from Elba, 308 Villa Muriel, i. 1S8 Viniiero, battle of, i. 43 VJttoria, battle of, i. 239 ; plunder atv 243 Vizille, the 5(h Regiment drawn up to oppose Napoleon's progress, iL 1 W. Walkkb, Jhijor-Oenoral, i. 239 Walniur Castle, souiu account of, ii. 150, 200 Ward, Mr. Henry George, proposes a reduction of the Irish Church Estab- lishment, ii. 185 Washiugtou aud the Duke compared, ii. 293 Waterloo, battle of, ii. 32 ; fiual charge at, ii. 33 liiidge, ii. 03 I'rize Money, ii. 81 Banquet, ii. 85 Casualties at battle of, ii. 320 Wattier, General i. 124 Weeks, Mr. ii. 220 AVeiinar, Prince of, engages Marshal Ney, ii. 18 Wellesley, Arthur, sec Wellington. Sir Henry, letter to, on Press of Great Britain, ii. 152 Lord Charles, ii. 200 the Wellington, Duke of, birth, i. 2 ; family, 2 ; ensign (1787), 3 ; Lieutenant ■\Velleslcy, 3 ; Major (1793), 4 ; success at Schyrdel, 5 ; return to England, 5 ; sails for India (1790), 6 ; conflict at Seriugapatam, 7 ; struck on tlie kneo by a spent ball, 8 ; capture of Seiinjra- patani, 8 ; defeats Dhoondia Wau^Hi, 12; adiipts Dlioimdia's son, 12; saiLs for Bombay (1801), 13 ; superseded iji command, 13; resumes his appoint- ment at Mysore, 16 ; gazetted Mujor- General (1802), 14 ; Marquis of Wel- lesley, 15 ; reaches l'oonah(1803), 10; assault upon Ahiuednuggur, lO.b.ittle of Assaye (1803), 18 ; liberality to tlio sick at Asseergliur (note), 21 ; defeat of Scindiah (1803), 22 ; presentii- tion of a sword by the inliabitaiits uf Calcutta, 23 ; order of the Batli cuii- ferred, 23 ; embarks fi.. Engliuid (1805), 24; apiiointed to the stu'tf na Comuuimifr of a Brigade, 27 ; CoIoik 1 of the 33id Regiment, 27 ; nlarl■ill^'e, 27 ; Swretary lor Ireland, 27 ; bum- bardmeut of Copenhagen, 32 ; vote of thanks, 32 ; resumes Lis duties m Irish secretary (1808), 34; iuvasiou INDEX. »f Portugal by the French, 86 ; arrival battio of Vuniero, 43; C.,nvc„ti,)n of Ciutrji, 41 ; voU> of tli;mks for ,r,ill,,,,t cmiduot nt Viiniero, 47 ; advi.es (iovoru- iiit'Mt not to ab;uulon tlio IViiiusiila 4') • weloomo of the I'orluj,'„r.,so Mar.sh ,1- Cteueralof tlio arinios in I'ortu.'al DO- entrance into Coi.nbra, 51 ; ,„«^,,; of" the Douro. 53 ; battle of t) .orto? 55 • amioyed by (}.,..ral Cesia, oil ; 1 at" 1..' of laiavora, 00; amicable cucuIm, 05 • heaJ-quartcrsatU.ulaj.z, 08; raise, j t,,' thcpcerajfc (18Ua). OS ; sulferin.Mof tl,,! XJrilish troops, 09; army with,lra«-n' rom «,,a.n 70; posirio,/of the ar,a ' 11 Portugal, 71; battle of iJusaeo 77'. Wassoiias retreat, 79; atSiirs of' Re' dmha and Fez .rArouce, 83 ; skirmish w.th Ney, 83 ; lecture to the Portugese Govermncm, 87; d.spatehes to° the i-arl of Liverpool, 88; state of the Spanish ariny, (U ; letter to ilarqm-s Wellesley, 91 ; necessity for Portu.^uese exertion, 93; alfairs in the south of Spain, 94; Mcge of Cadiz, 93 ; battle of Barossa 97; medal struck in honour of the battle of Ijurossa, 98; frontier for- tresses 99; proelamatiou to the Por- tuguese, 100 ; battle of Puentes d'Onoro 103 ; the wounded at Fuentcs. 100 ; cuii triwt between Wellington and Xapoleon. 12; head-quarters at Villa Formosa 113; battle of Albuera, 117; examining the trenches before liadajoz, 118- uosr tionat Ciudad Hodrigo, 124 ; „iK,ir of W Hodon, 125 ; accepts the tit le of C.ndo de Vimiero, lij ; surprise of Arr..yo de Mohnos 129; winter quarters h.4iu,, 138 atack at Tarifa, 1 35 ; capture of CmdadUodrigo, 137; duty iuth, trench- es, 139; attends the funeral of General Craufurd, 145; liononrs and rewards lo2; cipnireu La Picnriui^ 155; letter to Don Car OS d'Espaila, 153 (note); 6 tornung Badajoz, 159 ; sack of Uad,M-,4 K.1 ; capture of Alniaraz, I1I5 ; resolves pi in tlie Place llnyale, Brussels, 17 ; joins iJluuluiv ou lliu heights, 17 ; takes up a posiliuii near Quutre Qvaa, 18; "Nncty scooiiJ. you must charge thoa • fdlow-i," -i.) ; the re- treat of the l'"retio!i frotii Q.mti'c Rra", 22 ; pa-ses the night up.>u the field of battle, Li^ny, 'ii ; evil tidiiiscs of Ulii- cher, 23 ; retreat to Waterloo, 'J3 ; c >m- muiiicatlun will of " Waterloo," liluohor. b.ittle of Waterlvo, 33 ; the final elia;';.,'e, 33 ; k the eve of Waterluo, etrc'it of tlui Freneh. 34 ; the uigiit aftm- Waterloo, 86 ; pens the raeiuorable dospAteh, 37 ; proceeds to Bjussels, oS ; sequel to the CMlttle, ii ; ab lieatiou of Napjleoii, 45 ; capitulation of l^u•i^^. 47 ; quits Paris for Bochefort, 47 ; the nllies in PiU'is, 60; Napoleon Hies to Ruehefort, 65; Napoleon banished to St. Helena, 65 ; Parliamentary grant, 57; receives the thauka of both llou^^es of Parliament, 69; thauUs of the Prince llcgent, 61; suggests a Wateiloo medal, 03 ; titles and honours, C I ; the bridge of Jena, 05 ; executi.in of Marshal Ney, 71 ; spulia- tiou of the Louvre, 73; (he Duke in Paris, 79 ; Waterloo " pri/e-nv)Mey," 81; aneeJotcs of, 8 1 (nite); c-vacuatLon of Frauee, 83; created Field-Marshal of Austrii, Rus^i.i. and Prussia, 83 ; return to Apsley House, 84; Master-General of the Ordnaiiee. 85 ; present at the birth of Queen Vietori;i, 85 ; Oovernnr of Plviniiuth, 83 ; dlojiel in-Clii'f of the RiHe'Biigale 80 ; deith of Oeorge III., 86; coronaM)!! of Oe irge IV.; the Om- gress of Verona. HI); three years of idleness. O.'i; pietures at Apslev House, 94; euiba.ssy to Uu Stratlifieldsiiye, 224 ; Bp"ciinens of letters, 226 ; neoident to, 227 ; c.ir i- law debate, 233; statue of, at (Ude Parke ii'iier, 237 ; the Chartists, 240; revoluiion in France, 242,233; di- fence of Lond m, 249 ; death of Sir R. Peel, 254: visits the Great Kxhibitiuii, 255; Militia Bill, speech on, 257 ; ru- niunr of his death, 239 ; decease. Ijep- tember, 15, 18.V2, the Queen's sent:- nienti on the deitth uf. 264 ; " The Aug ia half-matt high," 266 ; lyiug in slut* INDEX. S* ■^"•f «.'•• 267 ; military mouniinr, gates, 272 ; fuuernl procession 077 . fX n I '. '-'".''"' "^ '^''" ^^ Smith, 2S"J; Despatches of, "91 . „,„,,„„„ pa«s.o„ for mus.c, -297 ; love of chi ih.e^' 2 9 merv,ew,Wththesonofhisvlo' 299 (uote ; auecJotes of, 301 •. the Duke a, the Insh,303; final tribute. 305 • "' % oil"'' ^""""■'^ of. 306; birth-' P ace of, 3 1 5 ; nurse of, 3 1 5 ; as a genera ^^0 ; ou metallic currency, 327? in he Ise heriauds, 1815, 330 ; on the defenees landlord, 35.y, estate in Bel-iuni, 358- as an example to Indian officers 30-1 ■ opinion of, by a Freneh writer, 309-' e>tnnate of the character of, by a cler.4- nian, 372 ; ancestry of, 374 °^ Welhngtou, Somerset, some account of, — - — ^.College, final tribute to the 'uko, 11. 3U5 '- stiiioreland, Lord, ambassador at the l/iiiM't ol Austria, ii. 277 Wetherull, Si,. Charles. AttorDcv-Gene- ral, dismissal of, ii. 147; refuses tode- fend Mr, Ale.vander, 153 Wheatley h,\. Henry, at liarossa, ,. 98. Sr.u.'t!iS!'67 «"''^'''"y"PP''"ve8 tho ^t'sss""''^ on tlie question of slavery, 401 >^ilkie, painting of the Chelsea Pen. s.oners, ,1. 94 (note); the Greenwich Pensioners, 95 (note) "-enwicti W. ham the Fourth ascends tho throne. Lord ALiyor, u. 157; death of, ii. 189 Williamson, Captain, wounded at San beUistian, leading the forlorn Lope, " Dyke onVell,uglon,n. 148; ilarqins ^Vinterhalter, picture of, ii. 050 t7llery!'ii."r''*'"' '""'"^''"^^ "'« «^- Woodington, Colonel, subdues Broach and Chumpaneor, io i "o Worcester, Alarquis of,' 'one of the Dukes personaUtaft;ii. 12 Wyatt, Mr. ii, 2;iC Y. YottK, Duke of. retreat at Mechlin i 4. general order respecting the bat lo of ialavera, 63; embassy to St. Peters- burgh, u. 99; death off 100 ;charX Young as Hamlet at Covent Garden, ii Z. ZiETjiE„",, ".''^^^'"'S OF THOUGHTS AT them the autbor 8e«m. to have plckeZ d„l«IIv tr u ^T ^'"'' ''■°''' •" *»■"• <" 0688 to 1,1s purpose, as If « humming " , """^' "^^ "* "<='"'8M or graco. or Its fine fit- liowor Whose swe^; he ,4 i L 1 1T tn"^ "'"'" ""• '""™'"'8 '^'■'«^« .nd?«'„cMt':,u?r,n'e':"'„r"''''^ ';'r'"'"' ""' '^"" •*•"<"'» •« '•>» OM worn ««"- of Me. Yor JtLL";;;:''^;:;:]"'-''- «' '"'""Sui.Uoa iaOIoa. .1.0^4 £ "" S TN.;"fv^.^jrf:r:2:r'"''""^ ^^-tu«>tra..apartti«« «:rz;^rr:,rzrtrt:trii^^ -^^-^ - ---'-. Phlcal. 8uo,h of thoseskctchcas wo have L ^1" Mr VVn^r' ''f "' """•"''«™- by the way. U, which he Is a.>3urpassecL"-&,tof?,l"L)™ " """""' ^'"»-' ^«'-. -«e':ftrLt":!:.:X'r:r""^'''"^ "BoMo of th« best BDoolmona of uri. tiriiw.v y. y. Jlvantam. ^' ^'"'*» P'"*- »« «"^ «o heraa cwtatoeA-W alHptL':r:lrTt:2rkt';.lf f "'"• •"-'^ «>' enucmcnt.w« prerei tt. Wonder the toucl.ea of w ,1 s' 'rss^m.r "" '-"t^ 'oad-sWe grows dellg^ THE FRUIT OARDENi 8iunn> EDmon. A TrvAttiw InteivM to innflnrt* IDil •<(|>liiln tlif Pliyslulofy of Fruit Trim, tlio Tlioory uhI I'rnctlo* of all •poniiiiiia aaan*i.'t.'c1 ultb Uie I'riipHj^Inn, TranKDisntlni;, i'nining anil Tnlnlni; ot OrLodI sail Oanlon Tree^ oa ScaiKlanU, Vvarta, Pyrtinlilis K>i>ulloni, Ik., Uio la/tng ont aiiil amin^lng iiuron-nl kinda of Orchards and Oanlcns, tlia (flection uf •ultalilo vurl'.tles for tlltrcter.t {inrpooes and IxaUtle^ gatlierinc and pretierr* iOj} Fruits, Trcutmcnt of ULioum UwtnictloD of InMcti. I>tc., illustrated with upward of one hnndreil rrd fifty flguros, reprawnt- ' tog (iini'nint parts uf Trecil, uU I'ruutlciU Ojicrstlons, Fr ns of Tr«eartlng many valuable btnts nlatlreto aoil, maaorce, pruniog Kid *nB>pUuilng.''—£otton Giuette. "A mass of oscfkil Information la colleetcd, wbtcb will gtve Um work a Tolue aren to ItoM who poiscss the bot wurka on tba calUvaUon of thllt yot publlsbed."— fMiifn^ PMt. "IILi work uU9 " It U fun of directions as to the management of trees, and bula, and tni\ s and ta • Talnablo and pleasant DuokT—Aibanv Eoening Journal. " The work U prepared with 'groat Judgment, and (bonded on the praotioal experience •f the Autboi^-ls of Cir greater value to the cnlUvator than moat of tbe popular eompUv ttonsonthesnyoct"— ^. Y. Trib: Mk This Book tuppliatk place In tu.c culture, and that to saying a great deal, while we bave the popular works of Downing. Thoma^ and Cola Mr. Barry has then a field to himself which be occupies with decided skill and ablUty.— iVoWe Farmtr. Among the many wi-rks which within a fsw yeirs have been bronght before the pnbllo deelpicii to give Impulso and shape to practical husbandry and horttoultnre, this Is among ttie best, and In many ^oapect^ tlie very best It ought to be In every fiunily In the b'nited States.— .asUaliu/a SentineL It Is a manual tbat ought to be in the poaseaslon of every maa that own* a fbot of land. ~X Y. Obttrttr Butb to the active fhilt grower and the norloe la Pomology, ttii book will be fcnnd iaviiublA- Arthur'* nam* GtuttU. RURAL HOMEAl ©•.SKBTOnrs nvnnrr^^^ Wltb over 70 c'rwla.! T^^^Jl^^^ '[^^•^^^^ »<> A-».r.c« Cbwhy UiK It comiiiPncM with tlio flrsl foot h. i "'«'""•«-■'"• «-'-«"'t,«n,l cost; 9l„»vii„w?!, ' ,' ^ "" '""-I'Lh of Duil.llns, .liBorln, :?":""» """ « p-»ctici .ii^c.1 ;; r:,^t , Lr"'""'"« """ ''"""""'^' •"<• acrH.tions, .,«ciflcatl...« and contracts. "°"^ " '° ''"«"'« "P written U, » e can conHiIuntlv i-o . ."™'K«ionsl practice of t •n- ... all reader, ofdl«=rludnation. Zl ' '"""""^ '" P'°f«*">na' .rcimcct*. «n.l art, and ,„ cultivate a taste won J to c™!"" '' ''"'^ «"«'»"" '» '"1. bco^ "TI,o c.«t of sucl. c»t«bllsl,„u.nt3 Is careHiT In . J"''^"""" <" """^ censure." .hould afford, the UsMay they can honel Vrmetr, ' "".'*,? """ ""> ^"'^'"^ ""^ -uiplote the Ideal .fa .onvonfeut and oCt ^^Z^Trj^tT'"" """ '^ ^ « "chltect for „,ny ye«n."-^,L",npt!.'L<^" ''^^''"' """' •'"' "Po""""* » |«7--''«'SSarc^tr7t -'^' '"^--t'on. evince «ooa Withoutn^t -'-.whathehastorecotr^-^— ;;r]tS^^^^^^ -- U.t..i.t. and --«-t:f rnraT^^rt^^ -; --^^^^^^ th'. beauty. ..nnot he too .„ehcou.a,endod.C.rcrriXri" " "'^-'^ gf:^"^r:r[ru^rt-r^r--w,cd;..„dit.„,e. 0-o.rorth.vor.hop. and will he.„ah,:L^^^^^^^^^^^ .be „,os, nnprete„,!,„, cottage to t^,e vi ll ,* e„'t ', P'""' «' '='""'try "ouse, from -hraclng every varlot, of house usually nJ:^TCjcoTZ° "" --P"'>''-iv^ -J:.::frrd-sr^^^^^^^ Mr. Wh«l.r."-Jkr r Bv^irliZ^ '°"^*""' """"y- "" ««nn««d the Rural HonTrf Finr- JOTTINGS ; on, LAUGHS I HAVE TAKEN A PEN TO! The Most Popular Author Before the Public! One Volume 12mo. Muslin— Price $)1.£,5. FOURTH THOUSAND IN SIXTY DAYS! ALDEN, BEARDSIEY & Co., Aiihnrn. N. Y., ) p„u,i.h.,. WA^ZER, BEA. 1)SLEY'& Co., Kocliester, I^. Y., \ Pu^ishcrs. Extracts from Notices of the Press. "Fromtbo title of the volume one would suppose that it was made up exclusively of funny anecdotes and amusing sto- ries. Such, however, is not the fact. Many incidents narrated in the book, will bo read with other feelings than those inspired by the perusal of laughable anecdotes. But they, as well as the real ' Fun-Jottings,' will be perused with interest. The work is written in Willis' peculiar and happy stylo. It will unques- tionably meet with a wide sale. It is printed in the best stylo of the art, and handsomely bound." — Auburn Daily Adv. " Some twenty choice love stories, all ending in fun, and redolent with mirth, are re .tted with humor and sentiment, which are decidedly captivating." — Syracuse Journal. " These Fun Jottings ' embrace the best of Willis' livelier ^ortB. ♦ • ♦ The most clever, graphic, and entertaining sketches ever produced in this country." — Boston Post. a Vi in nc ful its thi pel skc wel ricb EXTnACTaFi,0MN0T,CK8 0PTUEPnESS. ' It is a Rooil book, and rtill bo rca,! l„. .i , „ "Tho contents aro better than the title."-iV. Y. Tribune. " A volumo of light sketches, written in Mr Willis' ™„.t arnusu.,st,.e, and will bo read b, e.er.bod,."-^"^;;! Wilhl'-rjit' ''" '"' ^''«=''™- °f '•>« P-so writings of Mr. vvmis. —Montgomery Gazette. " f >" '^°°k is entertaining and spicy-just the kind ofread- ing to keep one 'wide awake' during the Ion-- niffht.nl f now approaching."— y^/j,v, /^^y.g^ ° °°° °'S'"^^ "»at aro "For laughterwithoutfolly.foraspccificininnocentmirth fulness aga.nst c«.„.-and /.,;.o-as a cordial to the anin^aHl" s when droop.ng with care or flagging with excess oftb '" th.s^vo.u.no of „. i W.U .st^bK*..,, „a w Of .hi. JdlS rX^" IM MENSE SALE I ^^W^ ^PS^iP ^^^^ ^^V J^^f^ '-'''f"l ""-J- taste and vZ^ ^X^ttl^'^ "l " t'T"^ f"" *" ""I'-o the ^'•o"» the Kew-Tork Evangelist. COMMEXDATIOXS OF TDE PRESS. 6rcsi(le. elevate and purify the thouglits, and, at Uie same time, impart a gie.ll (leal .)f valuable agiiculluial knowledge. We knoxv u..l Ijow Hie uatuial trains of tb.nigbl of the farmer could be more aptly met or more safely and agreeul)ly led, iban tbey are by these brief an* varied diseussious. Tlie range is as wide as life itself— morals, religion ousiuess, recreation, eduoiition, home, wife and dangbtcrs— e»erj reU lion and duty is touched upon, geniidly and instinctively. From the New-York Tribune, We have here another highly instructive and entertaining volume from an luitbor, who had laid tlie commuuity imder large obligati()Us by the enterprise and tact with wliich he has so frequently catered to the popular taste for descriptions of rural life. Its contents are of a very niiBcelhmeous character, embracing sketches of natui'al history, accounts of sueeeasful farming operations, anecdotes of distinguished characters, einguhir personal reminiscences, jiithy moral reflections, and numerous picturcsof household life in the country. No family can add this vo- lume to their collection of books without increasing their souices o» pleasure and profit. From the Northern Christian Advocate. Tlie venerable author of this work is entitled to the warmest thanks of the public for his numerous and valuable contributions to our litera- ture. He is truly an American classic We have been conversant •with bis writings for the last twenty years, and have always founa them both useful and outoitniuing in a high degree. His writings on Agriculture contain much real science, with numerous illustrative inci dents, anecdotes, and apliorisms, all in the most lively and pleasini? manner. By this means the dry details of farming business are made to possess all the interest of romance. The style is clear, easy, and dignified ; the matter instinctive, philosophical, and persuasive. This work is an elonuent pka for the noble and independent pursuit oi Agriculture. «. From the National Uagiusine. We return our thanks for the new volume of Dr. Blake, " The Farm and the Fireside, or llie Komauce of Agrleultuie, being Half Hours and COMMENDATIONS OF TDi PRESS, ^'ketches of Life in the nmmtmr " „ i • . , th.. smack, of the InTtlil lIZ'. ' t ''T'/' "'^ """' dryness of sciontific forms and e ulo d J , I '■^'- . ^"'^""'"^ '^' taehe,but most ento.t.inin^'irtu t^;;-; ^^IJ^^^ tioos to early Si Jg" ? 'nTZZTil ^"'1"'" '' "'^ "°'^J- such a one as the farLr .ould H::'t p^^e ovl^t ^Sd "' /"'' winter evenings. ^ fireside on long Fro \ the New-York Secorder. , «Th^ Farm and the Fireside." is a most iutcrosUng and valuable work, bemg a series of Sketehes relating to AgricuItufoTn 1 .1 merous kindred arts and sciences, interspersed wfthmiln ""i mtruction, adapted to the life of the farmer. """'^^'""^°"^ •"""" From the Germantown Telegraph. Wehave looked through this work and read some of the "Sketches" and feel a degree of satisfaction in sayiu^ timt it ,v,<=an ^^""f ', «.;* a.. „„ „..a „„„, ,u„ j„i*: rzLt:^, - *.o „ ... .„..,... ,„„, vt:: *■• - ";trt*' From Harper's Now Mouthly Magazine. ma work is a coUcetion of miscellaneous sketobes on th« P.., of Agriculture and Rural Life. Matters of fltV """' eluded from the volun.e, which is 'Si adantcd f"""'"."'' "^ *^" ««.tchea of leisure enjoyed at the f™. fiS'. """"^ " "^^ From the True Democrat. Dr. Blake's publications are all of a hitrh or,1on „„j j • "^ * COMMENDATIONS OF TIIK PRESS. rendA'ing attrnctive the various branches of Agricultural science. In deed we know no author who has so successfully blended the roman- tic, the rural and beautiful •vfith the poetical, the useful, and true, 08 has Dr. Blake. This is a peculiar feature of all Lis works. Hia style is plain, simple, and perspicuous; and, with unusual tact and judgment, he so manages to insinuate himself upon you, that you are at once amused, delighted, and instructed with the subject he is dis- cussing. In this respect he relieves the study of agricultural scicuce from the abstrusencss of technical science, and thus renders hlmselt easily comprehended by all classes of readers. From the New-York Evenuig Post. The author's object is to improve the soil through the mind — not bo much to place in the hands of farmers the best methods of raising large crops — for these he refers them to Leibig's Agricultural Chem istry, and to treatises of the like description — but to make tliem fcci how useful, agreeable, and ennobling, is the profession of agriculture, and, above all, how profitable the business must become when skilfully and economically carried on. These moucy-makiug cousiderations arc, we suspect, the best moral guano that can bo applied to the farmer's spiritual soil. The author writes well of the couutrymau's iudopend- ence, the good eft'eot of fresh salubrious air upon his health, and the moral influence of his cvery-day intimacy with nature upon his mind. " The Farm and the Fireside " is a kind of Bueolical annual — to bo read in seasons of leisure — intended for the Phyllises and Cbloes, as well as for the Strephous and Liudors. Dr. Blake has enriched it with curious anecdotes of domestic animals, luul of the best way of raising and nelliiig them. He describes model-farms, and the large incomes made from them. He expatiates on the advantages of mat: >ny in rural life, expounds the true theory of choosing a helpmati iliseussos the advantages of Sunday-Schools, and recommends neatness of attire and punctuality in batliing. In short, tliis volume is as diversifled in its aspect as tlie small garden of n judicious cultivator, where, in a limited space, usefid cabbages, potatoes, and all the solid esculent greens, grow side by side with choice fruits and pleasant flowers. 0' ir