'^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^I2il^ ■^ ^ 12.2 I.I IS Ufi |2.0 liSSI 1.4 m ■ 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WIST MAIN STMKT WnSTn,N.Y. I4SS0 (716)l7a-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHJVI/JCiVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical iMIcroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic fiotas/Notaa techniquaa at bibliographiquaa Thi toi Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy aveilabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackaid balow. 0Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur r~n Covars damagad/ □ s/ U Couvartura andommagAa Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurte at/ou palliculta Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Cartas gtegraphiquas an coulaur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with other material/ RelM avec d'autras documanta Tight binding may cause shadowa or diatortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion la long de la marge IntArieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within tha text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainaa pagae blanches ajoutAea lors d'une restauration apparaiaaant dans la taxte, male, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas kXh fiimAaa. Additional comments:/ Commentairea supplAmantairaa: L'Institut a microfilmA la meilleur exempiiiire qu'il lui a hxh possible de se procurer. Les c' itails da cet exemplaire qui sont peut*Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normala de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. I — I Coloured pages/ n Pagea de couieur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagAas Pages reatored and/oi Pages reataurAea et/ou pellicuMea Pages diacoloured, stained or foxei Pages dicoiorAes, tachet^/os ou piquias Pages detached/ Pagea dAtachtea Showthroughy Transparence Quality of prin QualitA inAgale de rimpreaaion Includss supplementary materii Comprend du material suppl4mentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mitlon diaponibla r~n Pages damaged/ I — I Pages reatored and/or laminated/ rri Pages diacoloured, stained or foxed/ r~~| Pages detached/ r^ Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includss supplementary material/ I — I Only edition available/ Th( poi of filri Ori be] th« sio oti fin sio or Th( shi Tir wh Ml dif ent bei rig re<| ma Pagea wholly or partially obacurad by errata slips, tissuea, etc., have been ref timed to enaura the best possible image/ Lea pagea totalament ou partiellement obacurciaa par un fauillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont Ati filmtos i nouveau de fa^on A obtenir la mailleure image poaaibia. Thia item la filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat filmi au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-deaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X SOX V 12X 16X 20X a«x 28X 32X The copy filmed hare has baan raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: Plant RMMrch Library Agrleultura Cinada L'axamplaira film6 fut reproduit grAca A la gAntrosIti da: Bibliothique da racharehat wr las vigitaux /MKieultura Canada Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possiblo consldaring tha condition and iaglblllty of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract spaclfications. Original coplas In printad papar covara ara fllmad beginning with tha front covar and ending on tha last page with a printed or illustrated imprea- sion, or tha back covar when appropriate. All other original copies ara filmed beginning on the first page with a printad or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — »> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Lea Imagas sulvantas ont 6t6 reprodultes avec la plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at da la nattatt da raxamplalra f Ilm6, at en conformit6 avec las conditions du contrat de fllmaga. Lea exomplalras originaux dont la couverture en papier est Imprimte sont fllmte en comman9ant par la premier plat at an tarminant soit par la darnlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte d'impraasion ou d'iiiustration, soit par la second plat, salon la cas. Tous las autres axemplaires originaux sont fiimfo an commenpant par la premldre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impraasion ou d'iiiustration at en tarminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifis "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmto A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est fiimd d partir de I'angia 8up6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. an pranant le nombre d'imagas ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iliustrant la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 y PLi BRIEF D] NATURAL NORTH ( 1 . V:, -^> ^y I LIBRARY WVT8ION OF EOTAi;7. AND PLANT PATHN NORTH OF CAUFORNFA, WEST OF T'TAII, AND SOUTH OF BRITISH COI.U^n'.IA. ^ .^ ,- . /j ^'• A(.r> 0/ P «-('/ si'' ^ / — rfi" ■ 7 • -i n^ji^'^'^ ^7 BY 1 ^\4t ^^^ THOMAS HOWELL u Oc^-AA**. C . ^o - i^ "Pouy. v.>.^. Si i 33 VOL. L 7 Cn»-*t* e iiT i C*-^>^. 1 J"i'aC«c 4 ^ PHAXEROGAM.E. lo ''2'^'^ Z'' II ^^^-tt'Ma/^C. 73 /I. «?a4.e*ja. 3? /^ (T^SvK^ *• I-K 1, HAXtlXCUr.ACK.K TO RHAMNACK.K., fX».^-v, 91^ Price Fifty Centfi. IS- /4-M^^»v>»- fi' ly ^i«Jo ■ /tf-O PORTLAMI OREUON, •7 1o'i March 15tlt, 18U7. r (9 V*"^ /OS' • . '^ .s-^fje.^ 1^5 Ht 'B&i«*Ww 1 (0 \ 11 (>A.^ 1 u *A zx '\Xv.oi'>-«^ 111 '■•/f I** *>.» rir**^^ i» „i- .„m :-.Ht FU BRIEF DE NATURALl NORTH O] lEatered accordln) A FLORA OF NORTHWEST AUERICA. (-ONTAINING BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE KNOWN INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION NORTH OF CALIFORNIA. WEST OF UTAH, AND SOUTH OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY THOMAS HOWELL VOL. L PHANEROGAMiE. FASCICrR 1, RANCNCUI.ACK-W TO RHAMNACE.C. ■, I Price Fifty Cents. PORTLAND OREGON, March 10th, 1807. iKntered according to Act of CongresB In the year 1897, by Thos. Howell, In the office of the Librarian of OongresK at Waehiogton. ) i I • s-.f -•y y-* W Preface. All the territory of the United States of America south of the British boundary, except Oregon, Washington and Idaho, being supplied with local Floras, this work is intended to fill up the corner left out by other authors. As the writing of descriptions of plants at this late date is, to a great extent, writing or copying what others have previously done, it is hardly right to claim originality for work done in that field ; I, therefore, wish to acknowledge here that I have used the works of Torrey & Gray, Dr. Asa Gray, Sereno Watson, William Trelease, Coulter & Rose, Edward L. Greene and others, and to save repetition (which would otherwise occur on every page) I wish to give full credit here to all authors, any portion of whose works have been copied herein. Wherever possible, descriptions have been drawn from speci- mens in hand, but some I have been unable to procure and for these I have had no other alternative than to copy from descrip- tions already published. Believing that if a plant has one constant character that is dif- ferent from any ot its congeners it is sufficient for a species; and that if a plant is sufiiciently distinct from others to deserve a name it is better to have it described as a distinct species tlian as a variety of some other species, I have, therefore, raised nearly all published varieties of the region embraced in this work to specific rank. A FLORA • OF NORTHWEST AMERICA. Series I. CORMOPHYTA Endlicher. Plants consiBting of root and stem crowing iu opposite dir- ections, composed of regular cellular tissue traversed (except iu the very lowest forms) by woody fibre. Stems increasing in size either at the apex and circumference simultaneously, or at the apex only, producing buds, and usually, distinct leaves at definite points and in regular order. Propagation effected by means of flowers and seeds, or spores. PHANEROGAM^:. Plants producing flowers and perfect seeds. CRYPTOGAMS. Plants producing spores but not flowers. SuBSERiES 1. PHANEROGAMiE. Plants bearing flowers with one or more stamens and produc- ling seeds that contain an embryo. ANGI08PERM£. Ovule enclosed in an ovary, and fertilized through a stigma. |r GYMNOSPERMiE. Ovule not enclostd in an ovary and fertilized by lirect application of pallen. Class 1. ANGIOSPERMiE. Pistil consisting of a closed ovary which contains the ovule |and forms the fruit, and a more or less manifest style and stigma. „ , EXOGENS* Stems with pith in the centre and the woody fibre in annual layers or rings : embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. ENOOGEN^t Stems without pith, and the woody fibre scattered irregu* larly : embryo with a single cotyled )n. Subclass 1. EXOGEN^. Stem consisting of pith in the centre, bark on the outside, md these separated by one or more layers of fibrous or woody tissue which, when the stem lives for mote than one year, in- creases by the addition of new layers outside next to the bark. "Umbryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. POLYPETAL£i Petals distinct, rarely united at base or wanting. GAMOPETAL£> Petals more or less united : very rarely wanting. APETAL£< Petals always wanting. I< • SYNOPTICAL KEY. Division 1. POLYPETALiB. Floral envelopes consisting usually of both calyx and corolla; the petals distinct or rarely united with each otner, sometimes Mranting . SYNOPTICAL KEY to the P0LYPETAL0U8 ORDERS. § 1. Stamens hypogynous, free from the calyx and the super- ior ovary. * Carpels solitary, or distinct. ■*- Sepals and petals deciduous, rarely persistent in No. 1. Leaves alternate or all radical, rarely opposite or whorled. 1 RananciilaceK. Pepais 4 or more : petals as many and alternate with them or wanting : stamens usually numerous : carpels one to many : fruit achenes or follicles, or in Act'iea a berry. 8 Berberidacev. Parts of the flower in threes, in opposite ranks, distinct, (sepals and petals wanting in Achlys) : anthers opening by valves : car- pel solitary, (a berry in Berheris). Sepals 3, petals 6, stamens many, carpels several, soon distinct, becoming linear torulose several-seeded pods: Plaiyttemon in Papaveracev. * ♦ Ovary compound with parietal placent«e, or seeds covering the cell-walls. ^ Capsule many-celled, indehiscent: sepals and petals persistent. 8 Nymphnacete. Parts of the flower indefinite, mostly numerous : seeds numerous, covering the walls of the cells. Aquatic herbs with entire plain leaves and solitary flowers. 4 Sarracenlaceae. Sepals and petals 5. Acauiescent marsh perennials with odd-shaped leaves and solitary flowers. ■*- -4- Valves of the capsule separating from the persistent placentae. Sepals and petals persistent. ■M- iSeeds albuminous. 6 Papaveraceie. Sepals 2 or 3, caducous: petals twice as many, alike: stamens numerous: capsule 2-8everal-valved, one- (rarely several) cell- ed. Herbs, or shrubs with mostly alternate leaves without stipules, and often colored juice. tt Funiariacee. Flowers very irregular : sepals 2, small : petals 4, in 2 dis- similar pairs : stamens 6, diadelphous : capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, sev- eral to many-seeded. Herbs witn alternate leaves without stipules. ** ** Seeds without albumen ; flowers regular. 7 Craclferae. Sepals and petals 4: stamens 6, tetradynamous (rarely 4 or 2) ; capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-many-seeded ; rarely 1-celled and inde- hiscent. Herbs with alternate leaves without stipules. 8 Capparldaceae. Sepals and petals 4 : stamens 6 or more, nearly equal : capsule 2-valved, 1-2-celled, l-several-seeded. Mostly herbs with alter- 1 nate often stipulate leaves. ■*-■*-■*- Capsule 1-celled, several-carpelled, the valves not separating from the placentee. •M- Flowers inregnlar. yiolacev. Sepals and petals 6: anthers 5, coherent : style 1, clavate: capsule 3-valved, many-seeded. Low herbs with alternate or radical stipulate leaves. ! Sepaliand pc' Low herb Hepols and i>«< herbs witl ••• OVM ly atriotly h; 10 Polygalaei ed : atamei upper side ■f ■*- Floi embryo oun 11 Caryophyl stamens 1( twice as m with oppof 12 Portnlaoa( few-many cumsciMil Kepals and pe celled, S-^ pitoher-shi 18 Elatlniuee many-ovul and axillai 14 Hypericac styles 3 : c; leaves wit) 15 Malvacete. ons ; antlu separating shrubs wi1 16 Llnacev. ed, 4-10,8€ Flowers 5-mei Prostrate Mollugo (71 ** ** Fru 17 Geranlace cated : sta ating fron Herbs wit 18 Umnanth lute in th( SYNOPTICAL KEY. -M- -M- Flowen regular: leaTes without stipules. Sepsis and petals S,: styles b, 3-parted: oapsule S-valved, many seeded. Low herbs with the leaves all radical. Droteraceir. Hepals and i>etals 5: stamens indefinite: styles 8: capsule S'Valved. Low herbs with opposite leaves. Hypericum in Hypericaceat. * * * Ovary of 2-several carpels and central placentae: stamens most- ly strictly hypogynous: sepals persistent. ■*- Flowers very irregular . 10 Pelygalaeen. Capsule compressed, narrowly winged, 2-celled, 2-8eed- ed: stamens 4-8, m';nadelphoiip (united into a tube that in split on the upper side), or distinct : anthers 1-ceiled, opening at the top. ■*- •*- Flowers regular: capsule 2-celled with free central placentoB: embryo curved around central albumen. 11 Caryophyllaoen. Flowers mostly 5-merou8 ; petals sometimes none: stamens 10 or fewer : styles 3-6, the capsule opening by an many or twice as many valves : ovules numerous. Herbs, rarely woody at base, with opposite leavea mostly without stipules. 12 PortaiaeaceB. Bepals 2, 4-8 in Lewisia : petals 2-5 or more : stamens few-many : style 2-cIeft : ovules few or many ; capsule 2-3-valved or cir- cumscissiie. •*-■*-■*- Flowers regular: ovary 2-several celled. -* Capsule not lobed nor winged. = Stamens distinct or nearly so, not in fascicles. Sepals and petals 5, persistent: stamens many: style 5-lobed: capsule 5* celled, S-valved, many-seeded. Acaulesoent marsh perennials with pitcher-shaped leaves and solitary flowers. Sarrnaeniacex. 18 Elatinlucew. Hepals and petals 2-5: styles distinct: capsule 2-5-ceIled, many-ovuled. Low herbs with opp:)9ite leaves, membranous »dpules, and axillary flowers. = = Stamens clustered at base into fascicles. 14 Hyperlcaceae. Hepals and petals 5 : stamens numerous, in 3 fascicles : styles 3 : capsule 3-celled, many-seeded. Herbs with opposite entire leaves without stipules, and yellow flowers in cymes. = = = Stamens monadelphous (united into a tube; . 15 Malvacete. Calyx valvate : petals 5, united at bai^e : stamens numer- ous ; anthers 1-celled : carpels either in a ring l-few-seeded and at length separating, or forming a 6-10-celled many-seeded capsule. Herbs or shrubs with alternate stipulate leaves. == = = = Stamens 5, not united. Itt Llnacese. Flowers 5-merou8: styles 2-5: capsule 2-5-valved, 4-10-cell- ed, 4-10,Beeded. Low herbs with entire leaves and panicled flowers. Flowers S-merous: petals none: styles 3: capsule 3-celled, several-seeded. Prostrate annual with entire verticillate leaves and axillary flowers. Mollugo in Ficoideoe. ** ** Fruit lobed or winged: ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous. = Flowers slightly irregular. 17 GeraniaceiB. Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud : petals 5, mostly imbri- cated : stamens mostly 10 : styles 5, coherent to an axis at length separ- ating from it: capsule 5-celIed, the cells 2-oviiled but only 1 maturing. Herbs with opposite stipulate leaves and long-beaked carpels. = = Flowers regular. 18 Llmnanthaceie. Flowers 5-merous : sepals valvate and petals convo- lute in the bud : carpels fleshy, indehiscent, 1-ovuled. Tender annuals ■ '. <.M (K^ Kt, SYNOPTICAL KEY. with alternate dissected leaves without stipules. 19 Oxalldaoen. Flowers 5-merou8 : sepals imbricated and petals mostly convolute In the bud : carpels combined into a 6-celled and few-many- ovuled capsule. Low herbs with sour juice and alternate or radical trifoliate leaves. = = = Flowers very irregulai*. 80 Balsaminaeen. Sepals 6, imbricated in the bud : petals 4, united in fairs, rarely Sand distinct: fruit a SrceUed several-seeded capsule. !oarse succulent herbs with entire leaves without stipules. « « « • Ovary compound with central placentae: stamens borne up- on a more or Iom perigynons disk: flowers mostly polygamous or dice- oious: calyx persistent or the limb deciduous: cells of the ovary 1-few- ovuled: seeds mostly erect or ascending and albuminous. 21 Celastraceae. Flowers perfect, 4-6-merous : capsule 2-6-celled : seeds arillate. Shrubs with opposite pinnately veined leaves and no stipules. 88 BhainnacesB. Calyx valvate, the 4 or 5 lobes alternate with as many stamens, deciduous : petals often none : style often 4- or 5- lobed or cleft : fruit a berry, drupe-like, or dry, 1-4-celIed. Shrubs or trees with simple leaves and small stipules. 88 Yitaoeae. Flowers 4-- 5-merous : calyx minute : petals valvate with a stamen at the base of each : fruit a 2-celled, 2-4-8eeded berry. Woody vines climbing by tendrils. 84 jLeeraoeae. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, often apetalous : styles 1-3 : fruit, in ours, a double samara or a single follicle. Trees or shrubs with opposite, rarely alternate, leaves and mostly no stipules. 86 AnaeardlaceiB. Flowers mostly 5-merous : stigmas 3 : fruit a drupelet. Shrubs with mi^ky juice and alternate leaves without stipules. § 2, Stamens perigynous (upon the calyx) or epigynous (upon the top of the ovary}. • Ovary superior or, nearly so. H- Carpels solitary or distinct- 86 Legaminosae. Flowers mostly irregular : stamens 10, rarely fewer, mostlv monadelphous (all united) or diadelphous (9 and 1) : carpel soli- tary, becoming a legume. Herbs shrubs or trees with alternate stipu- late leaves. 87 Amygdalaceae. Carpel solitary or rarely 6, becoming a drupe, entirely free from the calyx ; ovules 2, pendulous : seed usually solitary. 88 Pomaee*. Carpels 2-5, enclosed in the fleshy calyx-tube, with 2 erect ovules in each cell. Trees or shrubs with free stipules. 89 Kosaeen. Flowers regular, mostly 5-merous, or the stamens usually numerous : carpels 1-many, becoming achenes. Herbs shrubs or trees with alternate, mostly stipulate leaves. ■*- ■*- Carpels united or free: seeds mostly albuminous: leaves sim- ple; stipules none, or adnate to the base of the petiole. to Saxifk'agaeen. Flowers 5-merous ; styles or tips of the caipels distinct and soon divergent ; fruit a 2-celIed capsule. Herbs with mostly alter- nate simple leaves without distinct stipules. 81 Hjrdrangeacen. Flowers 5-merous: fruit a 3-5-celled capsule. Shrubs with opposite simple leaves without stipules. 82 RibesiaceK. Fiowers 5-merou8 : fruit a 1-celled berry. Shrubs with alternate simple leaves with adnate stipules or none. 88 CrasBnlaoen* Flowers 3 or 5-merous : stamens nearly hypo^ynous : carpels 3-6, becoming 1-many-seeded follicles. SYNOPTICAL KEY. |S4 Droseracew. Sepals and petals 5 : styles 3, 2-parted : capsule 8-valved, many-seeded. Ixjw marsh herbs with the leaves all radical and beset with gland-tipped hairs. CeratophyllacesB. Fruit a crustaceous 1-seeded achene. Submersed aquatic herbs with finely dissected whorled leaves and minute axillary flowers. |8U Lythracesp. Flowers 4- or 6-merou:: style 1 : capsule enclosed in the calyx, 2-4-celled, many-seeded. Herbs with mostly opposite leaves ana axillary flowers. ** Ovary wholly inferior. ■*- Fruit with central placentae: stamens few, *- Not tendril-bearing and flowers not in umbels : stipules none. |37 Halorageae. Fruit indehiscent, nut-like, 1-4-celled, with a single sus- pended seed in each cell. Aquatic herbs with opposite or verticillate leaves and inconspicuous axillary flowers. OnagracesB. Flowers 2- or 4-merou8 : calyx valvate in the bud ; style 1 ; fruit a 2- or 4-celled capsule or berry-like. **■ ** Tendril-bearing herbs with alternate leaves without stipules. 9 Cucnrbltacesp. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, often gamopetalous : fruit fleshy, indehiscent, 1-several-celled. -•- -K Fruit with parietal placentae, several-many-seeded: stamens many: stipules none . Loasaceie. Flowers perfect, conspicuous ; style 3-cleft : capsule 1-cell- ed ; leaves rough with tenacious hairs. 1 Flcoideae Sepals mostly 5; petals none; capsule 3-5-celled. 2 Cactacese. Sepals and petals numerous : stamens many : capsule I-celled. Leafless, usually prickly, fleshy perennials. *- -I- •♦- Frait indehiscent; dry, beiTy-like ,or drupe-like, mostly 3-celled, with a suspended seed in each cell: ovary with an epigynous disk (wanting in Garrya). ** Flowers in umbels. 8 Umbelliferte. Carpels and styles 2 : fruit dry. 4 Araliaceie. Carpels and styles 4 or 6, becoming a berry-like fruit. *♦ ■»♦ Flowers in cymes or aments. 5 CornaeeiB. Inflorescence cymose : flowers perfect, 4-merous : style 1 : fruit baccate, 2-3-celled. Herbs shrubs or trees with opposite leaves. :tt GarryacesB. Flowers in aments, dioecious ; sepals 4 : petals none : styles 2: fruit baccate, 1-celled. Shrubs with opposite, simple leaves, lowers perfect, cymose, S-merous; petals imbricated, united: fruit baccate bereies contoining 1-5 seed-like nutlets. Sambucex. Ord] Sepals 3-( colored and Stamens ind iisually nun solitary pr s auatropous. albumen, juice, aliem base of the p< Tribe i. I Petals very s 1 Clematis. I Tribe ii. I Fruit a head * Achene spurred at I i Anemone. or whorled 3 Thallctrnn ternately de * * Achec spurred at b 4 Myosnrnst Tribe hi. coming achei 5 Trantvettei cid, soon 6 Batrachlnm petals 'white versely wrin 7 Banancnlns mostly yelk claw: achene Tribe iv. ular or none iilternate. 8 Caltha. Se( 9 TrolUns. Sc sejBBile; le 10 Coptif . (:ep SQiqmit ; c 11 Aqallegla. 5,'se8sile: Order I. RANU^ LACEJl Endl. Gen. 843. Sepals 3-6 or more but usually 5, distinct, hypogynous, often colored and petaloid. Petals l-several or none, nypogvnous. Stamens indefinite in number, hypogynous, distinct. Ovaries usually numerous, sometimes few or solitary, distinct : ovules solitary or several. Fruit achenes or follicles or baccate. Seeds anatropous. Embryo minute, near the base of horny or fleshy albumen. Herbs or rarely shrubs with colorless usually acrid juice, alternate or rarely opposite leaves without stipules, the i3ase of the petiole generally dilated and partly clasping the stem. Tribe i. Leaves opposite. Sepals valvate in the bud, petaloid. Petals very small or none. Fruit a head of hairy-tailed achenes. I Clematis. Half- woody plants climbing by their petioles, or erect herbs, Tribe ii. Sepals petaloid or greenish, imbricated in the bud. Fruit a head or spike of achenes. * Achenes in a moie or let's glolulor or oblcng head. Sepals not spurred at base, petaloid. Petuls none. i Anemone* Sepals indefinite in i;unil er. 'eaves on the stem opposite, or whorled on or below 1-flowered peduncles. t Thallctrnm* Flowers mostly dioecious, panicled: leaves alternate, ternately decompound. * * Achenes numerous, in a long and (leiK]( r, or ehcrt spike. Sepals spurred at base. Petals present. 4 MyosnrnS' Petals slender; flowers, solitary ou scapes. Tribe hi. Sepals imbricate in the bud. Pistils numerous, be- coming achenes. Ovule solitary, ascending. Leaves alternate. 5 Trautvetterla. Flowers perfect, (orjmbosely panicled; sepals petal- old, soon deciduous; leaves alternate, pnlmately cleft. 6 Batrachiam> Flowers perfect: peduncles solitui-^;-, opposite the leaves: petals white with a naked nectai-iferous pit near the base: achenes trans- versely wrinkled on the sides. t Rannnenlng. Flowers perfect: peduncles axillary or terminal: petals mostly yellow, with a nectariferous spot or pit covered by a scale on the claw: achenes not wrinkled on the sides. Tribe iv. Sepals imbricated in the bud. Petals small or irreg- ular or none. Fruit l-several follicles, or a 1-celled berry. Leaves alternate. * Fruit l-several follicles. ■*- Flowers regulai-; follicles 1-15. 8 Calttaa* Sepals petaloid; petals none; leaves simple; carpels 5-15. 9 TroUins. Sepals 5-15, petaloid: petals 5-20, tubulai- at base; follicles s^sile; leaves palmately parted. 10 Coptis* ^'epals 5-6, greenish : petals b-6 enlarged in the middle or at the BiiiQmit ; carpels 5-10, itipitate : leaves compound, persistent. 11 Aqmtlejrla> Sepals f*, colored: petals 6, all spurred backwards : carpels 6,--Mn9ile : leaves ternately compound. ' h\ ( 8 RANUNCULACEiE. CLEMATIS. •*- ■*- Flowers irregular ; follicles 1-5 : leaves lobed or dissected. It Delphlnlnnit Sepals 5, the upper one produced backwards into a spur: petals 4, the 2 upper ones produced backwards. It Aconttnm. Sepals 5, the uppar one arched into a hood : petals 6, the 3 lower ones minute or stamen-like. ■*-■*-■*- Flowers regular: carpels 1-5: leaves compound. U Isopyrnnii Sepals 5, petaloid: petals 5, sometimes none : low herbs. 1ft Cimiclfogrft* Sepals 5, petaloid, caducous : petals 5 or none ; tall herbs. ♦ • Fruit a 1-celled berry. 16 Actaea* Sepals 3-5, petaloid, caducous : petals 1-10, small, soon decidu- ous : leaves ternately compound. Tribe v. Sepals herbaceous, imbricated in the bud, persistent. Petals conspicuous. Carpels few, many-ovuled, becoming follicles. 11 Psonla* . Herbs or shrubq with alternate compound leaves and large fleshy roots. Tribe 1. Clematidea' DC. Sepals valvate in the bud. Stamens numerous, with adnate anthers. Carpels numerous, 1-ovuled, becom- ing indehiscent hairy-tailed achenes. Ovule suspended. Herbs or trailing woody plants with opposite leaves. 1 CLEMATIS Tourn. Inst. 255. Linn. Gen. n. 696. Erect herbs or somewhat woody plants that cli mb by their petioles. Sepals 5, rarely more, colored, valvate or with the edges turned inwards in the bud. Petals shorter than the sepals or wanting. Stamens numerous with extrorse anthers. Style persis- tent, becoming plumous appendages of the compressed achenes. § 1. Flammula DC. partly. Flowers comparatively small and usually cymous-paniculate, white or whitish, in ours dioecious. Sepals petaloid, thin, widsly spreading. Petals none. Anthers mostly short, blunt. C. lignsticifolfa Nutt. T. & G. FI. i, 9. Somewhat pubescent: stems. 2-30 feet long : leaves quinate to quinate-ternate : leaflets oblong, acute, mostly somewhat lanceolate-cuneate, incisely lobed and trifid, 2- 6 inches long: flowers in paniculate corymbs: sepals thin, silky, white, 4-6 lines long, equaling the stamens: achenes pubescent, tails 1-2 inches long Along streams, from N. Cal. to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. C. brevifoUa. C. Ugusticifolia var. brevi/olia Nutt. T. dk 0. Fl. i, 9. Stems woody, climDing over "brush and cliffs, 3-18 feet long: leaves nearly smooth, mostly 5-foliate, somewhat coriaceous ; leaflets broadly ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acute or acuminate, usually 3-lobed and coarsely toothed : sepals white, thin, 4-6 lines long, equaling the stamens: achenes densely pubescent : silky-white tails 1-2 inches long. Along streams, from the Blue Mountains in Oregon to Brit. Columbia. C. Saksdorlll Robinson in Gray's Syn. Fl. i 4. Leaves quinate, glab- rous ; leaflets 1-1>^ inches long : sepals widely spreading or reflexed in anthesis, velvety-pubescent on the outside : heads of fruit small and few- carpelled, not over an inch in diameter at full maturity including the curling tails : pubescence of the young achenes woolly or felt-like, the hairs crinkly, not straight nor silky as in C. ligusticifolia : mature achenes with broadly ovate nearly orbicular body and filiform sparsely pubescent tails. Klickitat river Washington, collected and first recognized as distinct by W. M. Sukidorf July 15th. 1881. CLEMATIS. § 2 ViORI mostly node long and slei herbaceous C> Donirlasl less villous, W( lanceolate segi gate in fruit : t the apex, dee g( )n to Brit, d C Scottii I hairs; bushy, inches high ; h some or all of long or ovate- long ; some up axillary and t ovate, with ref pie, thickish, with densely p southern Coloi § 3. AtrA( naked pedun spreading fni pubescent fil enlarging to e by the petioh C. vertlclllfl most glabrous ; ruptly acumin mountains frot C. Columbia nate ; leaflets p 1-2 inches broai of the stamens and Brit. Colui C> oehotensl Stems woody, t ceolate acumina -ovate, purplisl rudiments of a tails 1}4 iuches Tribe 2. A) in the bud. f Herbs with th several-flower 2 AI Erect pere all radical 63 Sepals 4-20, erous; style IMATIB. CLEMATIS. RANUNCULACE^. 9 :ted. to a spur : 1b 6, the 3 herbs. ,11 herbs. m decidu- jrsistent. follicleH. and large Stamens i, hecom- Herhs or by he their edges sepals or e persis- chenes. [nail and lioecious. Anthers tt: stems, ng, acute, I- 6 inches , 4-6 lines ches long ountaine. Fl. i, 9. res nearly ovate to toothed : B densely from the ate, glab- iflexed in and few- uding the the hairs enes with :ent tails, istinct by § 2 VioRNA Spach. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, solitary and mostly nodding on rather long peduncles. Petals none. Anthers long and slender, pointed. Filaments hirsute or pubescent. Ours herbaceous perennials. Ci Doaglasll Hook. FI. i, 1. i. 1. Stems wimble or branchtd, more or less villous, woolly at the joints : leaves 2-3-pinnatifid with linear to linear- lanceolate segments : flowers nodding, on erect naked peduncles that elon- gate in fruit: sepals thick, pubescent, more or less spreading and woolly at the apex, deep purple inside, paler externally. High mountsins, E.J Ore- gon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. €• Scottii Porter Fl. Col. 1. More or less villous with soft spreading hairs ; bushy, branching from a suffrutescent base ; branches erect, 9-18 inches high ; leaves opposite, on rather long petioles, large, pinnate, with some or all of the divisions 3-5-parted or 3-5-foliate; lobes or leaflets ob- long or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 4-5 lines broad by an inch long; some upper leates with distinctly tortuous partial petioles: flowers axillary and terminal, nodding, on peduncles ;-]-6 inches long: sepals 4, ovate, with reflexed summits, nearly an inch long, dark- or brownish-pur- ple, thicklsh, more or less tomentose outside : achenes silky-pubescent, with densely plumose tails 1-1)^ inches long. Beaver Canyon Idaho to southern Colorado. § 3. Atragene DC. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, solitary on naked peduncles. Sepals much exceeding the stamens and pistils, spreading from the base, thin, petaloid. Anthers short, on long pubescent filaments : usually some of the outermost filaments enlarging to small spatulate petals. Half-woody plants that climb by the petioles. C. verticlUarls DC. f^yst. i, 166. Stems slender, somewhat woody, al- most glabrous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets petiolulate, ovate or subcordate, ab- ruptly acuminate : flowers solitary, bluish-purple, 2-3 inches across. In mountains from Idaho northward, and eastward to the Atlantic States. C. Columbiana T. &G. Fl. i. 11, Stems somewhat woody: leaves ter- nate ; leaflets petiolulate, ovate, acute, obscurely crenulate : flowers solitary 1-2 inches broad, pale blue ; sepals ovate, acuminate, nearly twice the length of the stamens. Wild Horse Plains Washington to the Rocky Mountams and Brit. Columbia. C oehotensis Poir. Suppl. ii, 298. C, alpina var. occidentalis Gray. Sterna woody, trailing : leaves bitemately divided, with ovate or oblong-lan- ceolate acuminate, often 3-lobed, iiTegulai'ly toothed segments : sepals 4, lance -ovate, purplish-blue : spatulate and petaloid staminodes few and usually with rudiments of anthers, or none : caipels glabrous with vciy finely plumose tails 1)4 inches long. Washington to the Rocky Mountains and Dakota. Tribe 2. Anemonese DC. Sepals petaloid or greenish, imbricated in the bud. Pistils mimeroxis, becoming achenes. Ovule suspended. Herbs with the leaves all radical, or alternate, or whorled below 1- several-Aowered peduncles. 2 ANEMONE Tourn. Inst. 276. L Gen. n. 696. ed. 4- Erect perennial herbs with lobed or divided leaves which are all radical except those that form an involucre below the flower. Sepals 4-20, colored and petaloid. Petals none. Ovaries num- erous; style short; stigma lateral; ovule suspended. Achenes 10 RANUNCULACE^. ANKHONB. compressed, pointed, or ending in long feathery tails. § 1. Preonathus, DC. Prod. 1. 17 Involucre of 2 or 3 more ori less petiolate and petiolulate leaves. Flowers large, solitary. Seii-I als thin, widely spreading. (^larpels with long filiform styles that| become plumose tails to the achenes. A. occidentalis WatBon Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 121. More or less silky- villous throughout: stem stout, 6-18 inches high: radical leaves largo, I long-petioled, biternate and pinnate; involucral leaves similar, nearly 8es' sile: sepals: 6-8, 6-9 lines long, white, or purplish at base. On high mouii-l tains near perpetual snow, California to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains.! § 2. EuANEMONE Gray Syn. Fl. i, 8. Carpels with short and| not plumose styles. Involucre petioled. peduncle solitary. * Style short, nearly naked, not becoming elongated. t Carpels numerous, in a close head-, villous. A. Urnmmondii Watson Eot. Cal. ii, ^24, ^ paring! v pubescent; stems slendor, from tufted rootstocks, 3-16 inches high: raaical leaves on long petioles, ternate; leaflets deeply 3-5 lobed, the narrow segments 2-3-clfft; involucral leaves similar, nearly sessile, with a slightly narrowed base: sepalfl 5-7, pale blue, 4-5 lines long, silky-villous outside: style slender, glabrous: achenes densely villous. On the highest mountains near per- petual f now, Washingtonand Oregon to orthern California. A< innltlitda Poir. I'^uppl. i, 364. Pomewhat silky-villous: stems 3-15 inches high: radical leaves long petioled, nearly semicircular in outline, ternate, the sessile divisions deeply lobed with cleft linear segments: invo- lucral leaves similar, shortly petioled : sepals 6-8, red or bluish or whitish, 4-6 lines long, villous outside : receptacle oblong, the head in fruit globular to obloi g ; achenes densely woolly, ovate-oblong, with a straight beak. On high mountains, Oregon to Alaska and the Eastern states. A. Telonensis Porter in Britton An. N. Y. Acad. Fci. vi. 224. Nearly 1 elated to the last but lower and more slender : leaf -segments somewhat broad er, obtnt-ish. giabiate : flowers deep purple : achenes dorsally glabrate. Idaho 'IVton lounge 10,0C0 feet J. M. Coulter, and Needlt; Peak of Lost River Menu- taius, V. Bailey. Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. t, 10. ^_ +. Carpels fewer, pubescent but not villous. A. deltoidea Hook Fl. i, 6, t. 3. Ptem simple, slender, 6-14inches hi^h,| from long running root- stocks: radical leaves trifoliate; leaflets rhomboid, crenate-serrate ; involucral leaves rhomboid or rhombic-ovate, on very short petioles, serrate and sometimes 3-lobed : sepals about 5, white, oval. [ 4-6 lines long, usually unequal: achenes few globose-ovoid, tipped with| the short style. Common in wooded districts, N. California to Brit Col. A> Oregana Gray Proc. Am. Acad, xxii, .S08. Fmoothish: stem I slender, o-12 inches high from a fleshv, very brittle, somewhat running! root-stock: radical leaves trifoliate, the leaflets coarsely serrate ; involucral! leaves long-petioled, trifoliate, the terminal leaflet 3-loDed, the lateral ones I usually 2-lobed, all coarsely toothed and cut : sepals 4-7, oval to obovate, blue: carpels 15-20, oblong, tipped with a hooked beak. Moist shady | slopes, western Oregon and Washington. A< Lyallii Britton 1. c. 227. A. quinquefolia var. Lyallii Robinton I. c. 1S.\ Stem slender, 2 to 4 inches high: leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate to lanceo-l late, obtuse or acme, obtusely toothed : flowers small, a third to half inch inl diameter, pale blue or whitish. From V^ancouver Island to the Will%piette| >'alley and the Redwoods ef California. EMONB. } more or ;ary. Sep- tyles that less eilky- avee largo, nearly sen ligh moun- Mountains, short and ry. :ent; stems fes on long f 2-3-clfft: wed base: 'le Blender, I near per- items 3-15 in outline, ents : invo- )r whitish, it globular beak. On 14. Nearly ivbat broad- ite. Idaho tiver Moan- iches hi^h, rhomboid, e, on very hite, oval, pped with Brit Col. lish: steiu it running involucral ateral ones to obovate, oist shady ion I. c. IS. to lanceo- half inch in Willivnette ANKMONB. THAUCTRCM. RANUNCULACEiE. U i. trifella L. Sp- ii 540. Involucraill.leayes with rare exceptions regular- ly trifoliate; leadets ovate-lanceolate, rather regularly serrate, large, in well de- vi'loped specimens 2 to 8 inches long, and more than an inch wide; radioal loaves Bubsimilar, but sometimes 5-foliate: peduncle long and slender, usu- ally more than 2 inches in length: flowers large, 16 to 16 lines in diameter: mpals white or pinkish : carpels in a globnlai- head. Idi^o, Sandberg, to the Atlantic States and Europe . § 3. Omalocarpus DC. Style short, not plumose. Mature ach- (Mies smooth, orbicular, much compressed, wing- margined. Invo- lucre sessile, palmately parted or cleft. Peduncles 1-several. At naroisslflora L. Sp. i, 542. Villous : radical leaves palmately 3-6- parted; segments cuneiform, incisely many-cleft into linear lobes: involu- cral leaves similar, 3-5-cleft, sessile : peduncles several, umbelled, liiafless : sepals white : carpels roundish-oval, much compressed. Alpine : Idaho to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. 3 THALICTRUM Tourn. Inst. 270. L. Gen. n. 597. Tall, usually smooth perennial herbs with 2- or 3-ternately compound leaves and dictciousor polygamous flowers in panicles. Sepals 4-8, white or greenish, petaloid. Petals none. Stamens several ; with linear anthers on rather long almost capillary fila- ments. Pistils few-several, becoming ribbed or veined achenes that are tipped with the persistent style. T. sparsillornin Tore*, in B). «fc M. Ind. Sem. ii.40. Stenaifirm, erect, 1- 6 feet high, with ascending branches : leaves 3-ternate, ample, the lo^.'est petioled ; leaflets approximate, short-petioled, thinnish, round- or spatulate- oblong, 3-15 lines lone, slightly cordate at base, divided above into 3 obtuse or short-acuminate lobes that are again incised : flowers perfect, not large, erect or soon nodding on slender pedicels in a short, branched, leafy pani- cle: sepals obovate, whitish, soon reflexed: stamens 10-26, the short ex- serted filaments widened to the pointless elliptical anthers : achenes 0-15, short-stipitate, obliquely obovate, with 4 or 5 low, often forked nerves on each side. From the mountains of California to Alaska and Colorado. T> polycarpum Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 424. Stout, 3-8 feet high, glab- rous: leaves with short petioles or the upper sessile; leaflets variable, 3-12 lines long, 3-lobed with acute or acuminate lobes : panicle narrow : flowers dioecious ; the staminate usually crowded, on short pedicels ; anthers acute, on very slender filaments : fruit in dense heads ; achenes compressed, 3-6 lines long, on a short stipe, obovoid, turgid, tapering into a reflexed beak their thin walls with free, or anastomosing low veins : seed slender, terete, 2 lines long. Along small streams from the Columbia river to California. T. Fendleri Engelm. in Gray PI. Fendl. 5. Stems 1-3 feet high, with 3 to 5 cauline loaves, the lower ones petioled; the stalked remote leaflets often deeply cordate with t'jree divergent lobes, the central or all of them again lobed, their divisions rounded or mucronate-pointetl : flowers dioecious; stamens numerous; anthers linear, 1 ~2 lines long, mucronate;akene8few to numerous In the heads, substipitate, 2-3 lines long, obliquely oval or with the dorsal su- ture straightidh, thin-walled, flattened, with 8 to 10 prominent nearly pai*allel ribs the median heaviest, not filled by the oblong or linear seed. From the Siskiyou mountains, insoutbera Oregon, to Arizona, New Mexico, and the Rocky Mountains. T. Tennlosam Trelease Proc. Bost. Soc. xxiii, 302. Glabrous and glau- cons. the stem, petioles and sepals purple-tinted, the foliage typically pale Qr whitened: stem simple, erect, 7-20 inches high: stem leaves 2 or 3, long 12 RANUNCULACEiE. THALICriRDM. MY08URUB. ;t petioled, 3-4-ternate ; leaflets approximate, petiolulate, moderately flrm, rounded and lobed at the apex, rusose-veiny beneath : panicle simple, nar- row, its short erect branches few-flowered : flowers dioecioiis, small ; sepals ovate : stamens 10-20, on slender fllaments ; anthers oblong, slender-pomi ■ ed : achenes about 8, nearly sessile, 2 lines long, ovoid, tapering mto a I straight beak, thick-walled, 2-edged. with 4 or 6 longitudinal grooves and rounded ridges on each side: Bced ovoid, pointed at one end, fllling the achene. Klickitat Co, Washingt«)n to Brit, Columbia and Wyoming. T. oeddentale Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 372. Stem slender, 1-3 feet I high ; leaves 2-4-ternate, the lowermost petioled ; leaflets thin, 8-10 lines | long, 3-9-lobed at the summit, sparingly glandular-puberulent beneath : flowers dioecious, rarely polygamous, nodding, on very slender pedicels, in an ample open panicle: hiaments purplish, slender; anthers linear, cuspi- ' date: achenes 1-10 in each head, lanceolate or somewhat falcate, 4-7 lines long, tapering below into a short stipe, and above into a long'one-sideil curved beak, acutely 8-10 ribbed. Along streams, and moist shady places, Brit. Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. 4 MYOSURUS Dillenius Giess. 106, t. 4. L. Gen- n. 394. Little annuals with linear or linear-gpatulate entire leaves, and solitary flowers on simple scapes. Sepals 5 or 6, spurred at has*!. Petals as many as sepals, on long claws, with a pit at the summit. Stamens 6-20. Achenes with a prominent costa terminating in an erect or niore or less spreading beak, numerous on a slender or conical receptacle. Ovule suspended. M. minim V8 L. ^p. i, 284. Leaver linear : scapes 1-4 inches high, about | equaling the leaves ; receptacle in /ruit an inch or more high : adhenes quadrate with a broad bacK, truncute at the apex ; beak short, appressed : seed oval. In wet places, Willa ette valley to California and the Atlantic | States and Europe. M. apetalV8 Gay Hist. Chil. Bot. i, 31, t. 1, flg. 1. Scapes 1-2 inches I high, usually spreading, but little surpassing the linear leaves ; petals often wanting : spike 9f achenes 8-10 lines long, ovoid-oblong and more or less squarose, or cylindrical : achenes oblong, thin-walled, with narrow, prom- inently carinate back prolonged into a spreading or ascending beak : seed oblong. In alkaline places, California to Brit, Columbia east of the Cascade | Mountains : also Chui. M. lepturus. M. apetalus var. lepturus, Gray, Bull. Torr. Club, xiii, 2. Scapes in fruit 3-6 inches high, erect, surpassing the linear-spatulate leaves : receptacle in fruit 8-24 lines high : achenes with broad, distinctly carinate back, and short, appressed beak : seed elongated-oblong. Common in wet I places, from California to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. M. sessilis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 362. Scapes very short or| none : fruiting heads several, crowded, much shorter than the leaves : re<'- eptacle short and thick, often sessile, 1-6 lines long by 1-2 lines thick at | base ; achenes oval, scarious^utricular, with narrow salient keel, and subu- late, erect beak : seed short-oval. A rare species, the only locality known, | l)eing an alkaline flat seven miles south of Arlington Oregon. Tribe S. Ranunculese, DC. Sepals imbricated in the bud. Pistils I numerons, rarely few, 1-ovuled, becoming achenes. Ovule ascending.] Herbs with alternate cauline leaves 6 TRAUTVETTERIA Fischer & Meyer Ind. Sem. 1835, 22. Herbs with palmately lobed alternate leaves, and small flowers | in terminal corymbose panicles. Sepals usually 4, concave, petal- [RCM. URUB. tely firm, I iple, nai - 11 ; se^U I ler-poinl- ng into a loves ami | illing tht! ing. r, 1-3 feet 8-10 lines beneath : sdicels, in lar, cuspi- , 4-7 lines one-fiided dy places, k ives, and i at baeti. summit, ing in an ender or I mnvtTVKTTERIA TRACHIVM. RANUNCULACEi*:. St |()i(l. Petals none. Pistils numerous, capitate, becoming inflated, ingled membranaceous achenes. T. frandls Nutt. in T. AG. Fl. i, 37. Stem slender, 1-3 feet high: eaves few, thin, radical long-petioled, cauline short-petioled, all deeply 6- l/-lubed with irregularly laciniate-toothed, acuminate lobes; f.jwers white: Hellenes a little more than a line long, broadly gibbous at Itase, rather abr- [ui'tly beaked by the slender revolute stjtle. Along streams in the Cascade Iduntains from California to Brit. Columbia. 6 BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray Brit. PI. ii, 720. Aquatic herbs with the submersed leaves if any finely dissected into capillary divisions, feepals 5, plain. Petals white with yel- low base, and a naked nectariferous spot on the claw of each. A- clienes transversely wrinkled on the sides. Peduncles solitary, )pposite the leaves. B. aquatile Du Mortier Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg. ii, 207. Ranuncvlus aqu- itili» L, Glabrous: stems 6-20 inches long: floating leaves round-reniform, "-9 lines in diameter, 3-5-lobed. the lobes coarsely crenate-toothed : pedun- bles thicker than the petioles, 8-10 lines long, spreading or recurved in fruit : sepals deciduous: flowers white, 5-10 lines in diameter: style subulate, pot longer than the ovary, in'crorsely stigmatic : receptacle hairy : achenes feticulated, short-beaked. In ponds and shallow streams, California to Vlaska, Europe and Asia, B. triohophyllnm Bosch Prodr. Fl. Bat. 5. Ranunculus aqiiatilis var. \richophyllu8 Gray. Am jal: stems coarsely filiform, 2.-20 inches long: leaves all submersed, rouiid-reniform in outline, cut into numerous capillary egments which are 4-10 lines long, short-petioled : peduncles 1-2 inches Dng, longer than the petioles : flowers 3-5 lines in diameter : style subulate, (horter than the ovary introrsely stigmatic: receptacle hairy; achenes everal, in a close globular head, glabrous obliquely oblong. In ponda and litches: Oregon and Washington and across the continent. B. Lobbii. Ranunculus Lobbii Gray. Glabrous annual : stems 6-12 inch- Is long : leaves commonly all floating, 3-9 lines wide, truncate or cordate It base, deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe usually elliptical and entire, the later- al ones usually oblong and with a broad notch in the apex ; submersed eaves none or rudimentary; peduncles opposite the upper leaves, thicker ban the patioles 6-8 lines long : sepals a line long, persistent : petals 2 lines 9ng, obovtf to-oblong : stamens 5-9: style long Kud filiform, with a small erminal stigma : receptacle glabrous : achenes 4-6, finely rugose, obovate, jbout a line long, embraced by the persistent calyx. In pools that go |ry in summer, Oregon and California. 7 RANUNCULUS Tourn. Inst. 286. L. Gen. n. 699. Herbs with alternate, entire or variously lobed leaves, and sol- iry or scattered flowers. Sepals 5, plain, commonly colored id reflexed. Petals l-lo, usually broad and conspicuous, with a lall pit or spot covered by a t rale, on the claw inside. Achenes Bually numerous, in a globose to oblong head, usually flattened, id beaked with the persistent style, not transversely rugose on lie sides. Ovule ascending. § 1 Halodes Gray Proc. Am. Acad, xxi, 366. Mature carpels 22. Biin-walled and utricular, compressed, striate with several simple 11 flowers V sparingly branched nerves. Petals yellow with a nectariferous ve petal- m^^^ near the base, deciduous with the sepals. igh. about : acihenes | oppressed : e Atlantic -2 inches I etals often ore or less ow, prom- )eak : seed le Cascade | ub, xiii, 2. ite leaves : carinate I ion in wet | ins. short or I a-ves: rec- es thick &t | and subu- ty known, I d. Pi»iil»\ acending. \ 'S 14 RANUNCULACE^. RANONCOLDB. RANUNCULUI B. CymbnUiiA Pursh FI. ii, 302. Flowering gtems 3-6 inthea long, 1- 7-MOwered : leaves broadly ovate or ovatp-cordate, coarsely crenate, cluBter- ed at the base and joints of the long flliform rooting runners : petals yellow,! 2 lines long, longer than the sepals : mature achenes a line long, striattt- 1 veined on tlie sides, apex blunt, with a short oblique beak: heads oblong, I 2-6 lines long. In wet saline places ; California to Alaska and the Atlantic | States. § 2 EuRANUNciiLUs Gray 1. c. Mature carpels crustaceous orl firm-coriaceous, the sides nerveless. Petals usually j'ellow, with a| nectariferous spot or pit and scale near the base. * Amphibious, the submersed leaves cut into numerous filiform di- visions: petals yellow, with a broad scale at the base: achenes with a broad white caruncle. B. delphlnifollns Torr. in Eat. Man. ed. 4,424. ? Glabrous: annual: stems floating, a foot or two long : submersed leaves dissected into several- times forked capillary divisions ; emersed leaved round or reniform, vari- ously lobed or cleft : peduncles stout, 2 inches or more long : petals 6-8, 4-0 lines long, much longer than the sepals; scale ^ as long as its petal, inrol- led and its edges joined together for half its length : achenes strongly margined , and pointed with a stout curved beak. In ponds that are dry art of each year. Western Oregon and Whshington. R. llmosns Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 20. Subaquatic, soft-villous, procumbent: leaves reniform, palmately 5-cleft, the segments 2-3-toothed or somewhat lobed, the divisions blunt, short and shallow; stems l-2-flowe»'ed : petals 3 lines long, rounded, longer than the sepals: achenes small, scarcely keel- ed, with a short, hearly straight, subulate beak. Margins of brackish lakes, plains of Idaho and Utah. ♦ * Subaquatic, with entire or merely denticulate or crenulate, peti- oled leaves; petals 6 or more ; achenes in a globular head, subulate- beaked. B. reptans L. Sp. 549. R. Flammula vnr. reptam Meyer PL Lab. 96.1 Stems filiform, creeping and rooting at the joints, 4-12 inches loi.g: leavesl lanceolate to linear, acute at both ends, glabrous, entire: flowers 2-5 linesl wide ; petals obovate : achenes V)arely a line long, roundish -ovate, tipptidl with a slender curvedbeak. Common in wet plades, Oregon to Alaska, New| York and Canada. B. microlouchvs Greene Eyth. iii, 122. Perennial, the rather li'rgel cluster of fleshy-fibroup roots supporting a tuft of erect lanceolate leaves! and a single slender tortuous, often partly reclining, leafy and few-flowered I stem : leaves all entire, acute at botn ends, the radical 1-2 inches long, onl slender petioles as long, narrowly lanceolate, nearly glabrous above, but! rather densely appressed-pubescent beneath ; cauline few, relatively some- [ what broader, with short petioles or subsessile: flowers 1-several, yellow, 4 lines broad : sepals spreading : petals 5-8, obovate, obtuse ; achenes few, in a depressed-globose nead, obliquely obovoid, slightly narrowed at base, tipped with a short, stout blunt style, moderately compressed, marginleH8,| smooth and glabrous. Collected by E. L. Greene in N. Idaho, Aug. 188fl. B. Unalaschcensls Bess, in Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i, 32. R. Flammula var.l intermedins Hook. Fl. i, 11. Stems decumbent and creeping, 4-l'4 inchesi long leaves all lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so, 1-21 inches long, tapering below into the petiole : petals obovate, 2-3 lines long;! achenes roundish -ovate, with a short oblique beak, in small globular headsj In wet places, Idaho to Alaska. B. samplifolias Greene Pitt, iii, 13. Stems several from a perenniall root, weak, somewhat flexuous and half reclining, 6-10 inches long, leiifj| throughout, simple and 1-flowered or branched and several-flowered : her- RANUNCULC8. RANUNCULACEiE. » ba^e light green, glabrous or nearly so, leaves all entire, obtuse, radical loiifS oblanceolate, long-petioled, 2-4 inches long; cuuline lanceolate to lohovoid or oval, the upper ones with very short dilated and thin sheath- like petioles: sepals roundish, spreading, thin: petals 5-8, broadly obovate, 1 2-H lines long, golden yellow : achenes obovate, moderately compressed, lolmcurely margined, obliquely tipped with a short style. Very common in Iwi't places in the Willamette valley, and from W. Washington to the Sier- Ifii Nevada Mountains in California. R. Gormani Greene Pitt, iii, 91. Stems several, from a fascicle of per- iciinial, thick but slenderly tapering fleshy-fibrous roots, simple, prostrate lilt )>a8e, rooting and beanng leaves at 2-3 nodes, the terminal part naked, liiflcending and scapiform, bearing a solitary small flower : leaves broadly loviite or deltoid-ovate, acute, coarsely few-toothed, 6-9 lines long, glabrous, lull almost filiform somewhat pilose-hairy petioles 1-3 inches long: petals 5, |uhlong, obtuse, twice the length of the spreading sepals: achenes small, glabrous, moderately compressed, with a slender curved beak as long as Itlio body. Collected by Mr. M. W. Gorman on wet banks at Cathedral {Springs, Crater Lake, southern Oregon, Aug. 22nd, 1896. R. alismellns Greene Fl. Fr. 2;)7. R. alism>efolim var. alismellnx Gray. I ilabrous ; stems slender 2-12 inches long : radical leaves ovate or elliptical Ito oblong or cordate, (5-15 lines long, o;. long slender petioles ; cauline 1-2 •or none, narrower, subsessile: flowers solitary, 4-7 lines broad, on long plcnder peduncles: achenes few, the mature ones unknown. In wet mead- ows on tne highest mountains, Washington to California. R. Popnlago Greene Eryth. iii, in. R. Cimckii Jones Pntc . Ca I.Acad. t>eu> series r . 616 . Stem solitary, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, erect, |e»fy, the whole plant flaccid and glabrous, 6-10 inches high : leaves tliin- lembranaceous, from round-reniform to cordate-ovate, obtuse, entire or ttbscurely crenate, long petioled; the cauline smaller, ovate and ovatc-lanceo- Jate, sessile: peduncles many, slender, longer than the cauline leaves to vhich they are axillary : flowers yellow, 4 lines broad : petals 5-6. obovate- pbloDg: heads of rather numerous thick bhort-pointed acthenes itmall, glo- ' ase or depressed-globose. Mountains of eastern Oregon and Idaho. R. Bolanderi Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad, ii, 58. Glabrous throughout br the peduncles and calyx pubescent : stem stout, erect, 1-3 feet high : leaves lanceolate, sparingly callous-tlenticulate, obtuse, the lower ones with Blade 4-6 inches long on petioles 5-12 inches long, the cauline ones few ^nd short-petioled or subsessile ; petals broadly obovate 3-5 lines long, twice 88 long as the rounded spreading sepals ; scales minute: achenes smooth, JiKxlerately compressed, pointed with a slender beak, crowded in a com- pact ovoid head. In wet places, AVillamette valley to northern California. * * * Terrestrial species with at least some lobed or divided leaves, and no stoloniferous rooting or creeping stems except in R. repens. -!- Radical leaves few, only lobed : achenes turgid and dorsally roun- ded, in a globose head. . R. glaberrimns Hook. Fl. i, 12, t. 5, Fig. A. Glabrous : stems weak, l-() inches long, erect or decumbent: leaves all petioled, radical broadly Ival, rounded and coarsely toothed or lobed at tne apex; cauline subcu- beate, trifid or entire: petals 5, obovoid, 4-6 lines long, twice the length W the oval spreading sepals: achenes plump, puberulent, slender-beaked, Y large globose heads. In wet places, eastern Washington and north- kurd: flowering in very early spring. B. elltpticns Greene Pitt, ii, 110. Verjr glabrous: stems several, 2-3 aches high, from a large fascicle of perennial fleshy-fibrous roots: radical Jeaves elliptical, entire, acutish at both ends, the petiole equaling the blade ; Ihe cauline narrower, often cleft into 2-3 linear divisions : petals often wan- |ing, sometimes 1 only, or 5, large, broadly obovate or more rounded, bright ! 1 i i i w KANUNCULACEifi. RANUNCUL.ua. yj'llow: jH^lu'npB numerouB. in a largo f(lol)OHo IhwI, plump, flmooth, tijii e grounil. In wet ptacen from the Blue MuuntainH nf Oregon t oaHtern Caiiforniu and the Rocky Mountainn. R. diprltatUH Hook. Kew Miftc. iii, 124, t. 4. Ia'hh than a npan high from a clUHter of NJiort and downwardly tulMM-ouH-tliickcned rootH; glaln'oiis: leave few, p«tloled, entire and lanceolate, or digitately or Hoin^wliat poilately lolxd the 3 to n fleginentfl narrowly lanceolate or oblong-Hpatulate. obtuse: flowers) or H, terminal. !i to 10 lineR in diameter, with S to 11 oblong-Bpatnlate petalo fruit Bubgloboflo, akenes beaked with the Hubulate recurred Btyle. Mountain) of Houtheru Idaho Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, •♦- •♦- I^'aves all 2-4-ternately parted or divided into numerous nar- row (livisionH: achencH turgid, Huhulate-i)eakert stout petioles l~'i inches long, the blade of cuneate-obovatu Qr almost flabelliform outline deeply about 7-lobed at the broad summit otherwise entire: upper cauline leaves sessile, broadly cuneiform, an incli lon^, cleft to the middle into about 5 lanceolate or broadly linear lobeH: pt^nphery of the expanded large corolla quite circular by the overlapping of the numerous broadly obovate or almost obcordate vellow petals. Al- pine or subalpine, Idaho and Wyoming to the Rocky Mountains. •*-•*-■*- Leaves mostly cleft or more divided, some radical ones un- divided but at least crenate or dentate : achenes turgid or lenticular, marginless: high mountain perennials with rather large flowers. R. SnkKdorfll Gray Proc. Am. Acad, xxi, 371. Glabrous: stems 4-lfl inches high from a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, 1-3-flowered ; leaves small, somewhat reniform, 3-^-cleft or parted, divisions of the radical ones 3-5- cleftorinciscd,of the cauline linear; petals round-obovate, retuse, 4-6 lines long, deep yellow : achenes glabrous, turgid-lenticular, acutish-edged, tipp- ed with an almost filiform long style. In damp ground on Mount Adams, Washington at 6000 to 7800 feet elevation. R. Eschscholtsil Schlecht. Animad. Ranunc. ii, 16, t, 1. Stems ascen- ding, 6-12 inches long, l-.3-flowered : leaves roundish in outline ; radical all 3-5-i)arted or deeply cleft, and their obovate or cuneate divisions mostly lobed or incised ; cauline similar or with oblong to spatulate or lanceolate and often entire divisions : petals 3-6 lines long : achenes glabrous, with slender-subulate and mostly straight style of more than halt their length ; heads oblong. Alpine, in the Cascade Mountains to Alaska and tlie Rocky Mountains. R. cardlophyllns Hook. Fl. i, 14, t. 5. Hirsutely pubescent: stems robust, 10-12 inches high: radical leaves round-cordate, coarsely crenate to 3-7-cleft; cauline nearly sessile, palmately many-cleft, the linear lobes incisely crenate : petals golden yellow, broadly oval, very obtuse, twice as long as the spreading sepals : achenes small, roundish, tipped with a long ho(^ed style. On high mountains, Oregon to Alaska, Canada and the Boi'ky Mountains. •*- -4- •«- ■•- Slender-rooted annual, with small flowers and achenes. '< , MANVNCm, R. cremog the we$tem pi high, Bpariti herbage light lobes obtuse 1] lietals light y( tene|J the hi>H>l| Oregon t(i high froiiil oiib: leavi'J atiily lolii'( flowei> tl ate petaUl Mountainil oufl nar- rginleflH, »tH. Hiding, 2-f) mary divi r. inflorci^ id and tlic inea lon^ head »!•>• an, on tlu- often only te-obovHt't 1 Bummit n, an incli lear loben verlappifiK etals. A I B. ones un- nticular, ivers. stems 4-10 Eives small, I ones 3-5' !, 4-6 lines iged, tipp- nt Adams, sms ascen- radical all ms mostly lanceolate roue, with iir lengtli ; I and tlie nt: stems crenate to >ear lobes I, twice as ith a long El and the henes. RAltVNCVI.VS. ranunculacea:. 17 B* crcMOfenei Greene Eryth, iv, 121. Ji. Hcekra'ua of authe$tem plnnt. Ulabrous: stem erect, stout und tiBtulous, rt-.SO inches high, sparine leafy, simple below, loosely coryDi>>08e-i)aniculate al>ove, lierbage light tureen ; lower leaves round-reniform, il<'i'|'v 2-ft-lol)ed, the lobes obtusely-toothed al)Ove; upper leaves mori' ts ; leaves numerous, mostly orbicular in outline, 2-3 inches in diameter, 5-7 parted, the lower into cuneate and the upper into narrower cleft and laciniate divisions : petio- les, except the lowest, hardly dilated at base : bracts and bractlets mainly filiform : racemes many flowered ; flowers blue varying to white or pink on short erect pedicels ; sepals about half an inch long, about equaling the spur : lower petals deeply notched and with the whitish upper ones but lit- tle shorter than the oblong sepals : follicles not over half inch long, short- oblong, erect : seeds with a loose cellular coat. Mountains of eastern Washington (Sandhcrg No. 921) to the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico D. glancuni Watson Bot. Oal. ii, 4*27. Tall and stout, glabrous and more or less glaucous : IfeavPS large, laciniately lobed and toothed, the lobes mostly acuminate, the upper leaves sparingly lobed or entire and narrowly lanceolate: flowers pale blue, numerous in a narrow raceme,upou slender and rather short 'pedicels, the somewhat minutely tomentose sep- als rather narrow, about 6 lines long or less, follicles glabrous. From Yakima county. Washington, to California and north to the Yukon river. D. Bnrkei Greene Eryth. ii. 183. Stems one or several, a foot high or more, erect, not slender, froin a manifestly woody-fibrous root, leafy at or near the base only: foliage and lower part of stem seem- ing glabrous, though somewhat puberulent under a lens ; upper part of stem and the inflorescence clot bed with a short villous-hirsute pubescence: leaves 2 inches broad, deeply parted into many linear and oblong-linear obtusish segments, the textur^ rather fieshy : raceme rather long and nar- row, the i)edicel8 being equal and quite erect : sepals deep blue, pubescent exteriorly, spur rather long, usually blunt, nearly straight and horizontal; petals conspicuously white, or perhaps ochroleucous : ovaries densely-ap- pressed-villous : follicles unknown. "Snake Country" IdahO' Burke. ** Flowers scarlet. ■ .■:,..: D. nndicanle T. & G. 1. c. Smooth or slightly villous, stems a foot or two high; leaves mostly near the base, 1-3 inches iu diameter, 3-5 lobed, ACONITCM. IBOPYRUM. the lobes more flowers red: se more, much sli ei n[_Oregon an( Tall perem sliowy tiower very irregula ones plain. I spur-like bla 8 lower ones g A> ColambJ smooth below,! iwtioles, the u] ciniately tooth portion higher narrowed basa obtuse, C-8 lint versely wrinkle bia, east to the A. balblfen below, toment( per sessile beai lobes : sepals pi on the eastern ing in Septemt * * * Flo\ Low peren compound lei solitary. Se very small ai 2-20, several ous testa. I. gtlpitatn slender, 2-4 ini with about 2 t( ternate, petiolt peduncle thick ments enlargec long, 3-4 seede moist places, s I. HalliiGi high, 2-leaved; inches long, in twice forked fo inch or two lor sepals, clavate seeds rugulose. ley. A rare sj ACONITOM. IBOPYRUM. RANUNCULACEiE. 26 the lobes more or less deeply 3-7 toothed, with broad obtuse segments : flowers red : sepals broadly lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, 6 lines long or more, much shorter than the long stout spur. In the mountains of south- ern^^Oregon and California. \ ', 4«r^C0NITUM Tourn. Inst. 424. L. Gen. n. 682. Tall perennial herbs with palmately lobed alternate leaves and showy tiowers in open racemes. Sepals 5, colored and petaloid, very irregular, the upper ones arched into a hood, the lateral ones plain. Petals 2-5, the upper 2 irregular, with long claw and spur-like blade which are concealed in the hood of the sepals ; the 8 lower ones small or obsolete. Follicles 3-5, sessile, many-seeded. A. Columbianmn Nutt. T. &G. Fl. i, 34. Rather stout, 2-6 feet high, smooth below, aomewhat tomentose above : leaves ample,the lower on long jwtioles, the upper subsessile, all deeply 1^5 cleft into broadly cuneate la- ciniately toothed acuminate lobes : hood 6-8 lines long with helmet-shaped portion higher than broad, at length much shorter than the downwardly narrowed basal portion, very strongly beaked: follicles usually 3, ",blong, obtuse, C-8 lines long, many-seeded : seeds flat, strongly keeled and trans- versely wrinkled. Along mountains steams, CaHfornia to Brit. Colum- l)ia, east to the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico. A. bulbiferum. i*^tems slender, weak and viney, 2-4 feet long: smooth l)elow, tomentose above : leaves rather small, on short petioles, or the up- per sessile bearing bulblets in their axils, all laciniateiy cut into acute lobes : sepals pale blue ; hood 6-8 lines long. Fruit not seen. In marshes on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains near Mount Hood, flower- ing in September. * * * Flowers regular. Carpels 1-5. Leaves ternalely compound. -*-Frxnt dry. Follicles 1-20. 13. ISOPYRUM L. Gen. n. ed. 2. 533. Low perennial herbs with mostly alternate 2-3-ternately de- compound leaves and white flowers in lax terminal panicles or solitary. Sepals 5-6, petaloid, regular, deciduous. Petals 5, very small and nectariferous or none. Stamens 10-40. Follicles 2-20, several-ovuled. Seeds with a smooth or rugulose crustace- ous testa. ■ .-m'-t-^ v •.■. . .v I. stlpitatnm Gray Proc. Am. Acad . xii, 54. Glabrous ; stems very Blender, 2-4 inches high from a large fascicle of thickened fibrous roots, with about 2 ternate cauline leaves and a single flower ; radical leaves bi- ternate, petiolate, with cuneate often 2-3 lobed leaflets, 3-5 lines long: peduncle thickened at the summit ; sepals 4-6, oblong, 3 lines long : fila- ments enlarged in the middle : follicles 2-6,8hortly stipitate, oblong,3 lines long, 3-4 seeded : seeds globular, transversely rugose. Under trees in open moist places, southern Oregon, near Oakland, to northern California. I. HalUi Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 374. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 feet high, 2-leaved; leaves ample, 2-3- ternate ; leaflets obovate-cuneate %-2 inches long, irregularly 3-incised at the apex : flowers in simple or once or twice forked foliaceous-bracted subumbellate corymbs : pedicels slender, an inch or two long : sepals 5, obovate, 4 lines long : filaments as long as the sepals, clavate: follicles 3-5, sessile, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 2-4 seeded: seeds rugulose. Along mountain streams both sides of the "Willamette val- ley. A rare species. 26 RANUNCULACE^. CIMICIFUaA. ACTiGA. 14 CIMICIFUGA L, Amcen. Acad, viii, 193 t. 4. Tall perennial herbs with ample ternately compound leaves and small white flowers in paniculate racemes in summer. Sep als 4-6, falling soon after the flower opens. Petals 1-8, or n(uie, small, with short, claws. Stamens numerous. Follicles 1-S, many- seeded. C. elaia Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 36. Caneacently pubescent or the pani- cle tomentose and glandular, 4-8 feet high ; leaves ample ; leaflets thin 2-4 inches in diameter. 5-7 lobed, segments ai'ute, coarsely cuspidati'- serrate: petals none: filaments equal: pistils 2-6 in the early flowers, only one in the later ones, glabrous or minutely glandu- lar; follicles sessile, 4 lines long, obtuse, 6-10 seeded: seeds tereti- transversely rugr se. In woodlands Willamette valley to Puget Sound. C> laclniata Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 352. Glalirous or the pani- cle tomentose : 3-5 feet high : leaves ample, ternate, the divisions 3-parteil or deeply 3-lobed, the acuminate segments coarsely laciniate-toothed : pet- als usually present: filaments unequal: pistils 2-5 pubescent; follicles stip- itate 4-5 lines long, G--8 seeded: seeds flat linear, light brown, scaly. Lost Lake, north side of Mount Hood. Rare. _,_-«- Frtiit a one-celled , vmny-seeded berry. 15 ACTiEA L. Gen. n. 644. Tall perennial herbs with alternate, triteinately decompound leaves and small white flowers in short terminal racemes. Sej)- als 5-6, nearly equal, petaloid, caducous. Petals 4-10, or none, less showy than the numerous white filaments. Carpel solitary, sessile, covered with a broad and obscurely 2-lobed depressed stigma, becoming a berry filled with smooth flattened seeds packed horizontally in two rows. A. argnta Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i. 35. Stems 1-6 feet high from a fascicle of short branching roots, 1-3 leaved ; leaves ternately or quinately decom- pound : leaflets ovate to oblong, often obscurely 3-lobed, acuminate, irregu- larly incised-dontate ; racemes oblong, sometimes divided toward the base, loose : pedicels longer than the flower8,flliform, scarcely thickened in fruit : petals oblong, obtuse, shorter than the stamens: berries red or white subglobose. Common in forests from California to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. A. rubra Wild. Enum. 561. Stems about 2 feet high: leaves ter- nately decompound; leaflets ovate, acuminate, 1-2 inches long, unequally and incisely serrate, the terminal one often 3-cleft : racemes broadly ovate or hemispherical : pedicels longer than the flowers, scarcely any thicker in fruit : sepals 4 greenish, ovate petals 3-10, rhombic ovate, acute, shorter than the stamens: berries bright cherry-red, shining, subovato. Craig Mountains, northern Idaho (Sandberg n. 235), to the Atlantic States and Canada. Tribe 5. Pseonieae DC. Prod. i. 64. Sepals herbaceous, imbri- cated in the bud, persistent. Carpels few, many ovuled. 16 PiEONIA Tourn. Inst. 273 t. 146. L. Gen. n. 678. Herbs or low shrubs with tuberous roots, alternate, triter- natel^ compoand or divided leaves and large solitary flower*^ terniinating the steins or branches. Sepals 5, strongly imbri- P^ONIA. BERBBRI8. BERBERIDACEAJ. 27 cated, persistent. Petals 5-10 or more, situated with the sta- mens on the fleshy perigynous disk that is udnate to the sepals or concave receptacle. Stamens numerous. Carpels few be- coming coriaceous many-seeded follicles. Style short or none. Seeds anatropous, oval or oblong, naked at base or the very short fleshy funiculus cupulate; embryo straight or slightly arcuate. P. Brownll Doug, in Hook. Fl. i, 27. (irlabrous and glaucous, Htoms iis(^en«ling or at Wngth decumbent, 1-2 feet long: leaves thick, leaf- lets ternately dissected into oblong or linear lobes; 8e])als green, mostly unequal: petals scarcely larger than the sepals", thick and leathery, dark (lull red : follicles oblong, an indi or more long: seeds round or ol)long 2 lines in diameter, black ami shining. Stony hillsides, Brit. Columbia \i> California. Order IT. BERRERIDACE/E Kndl. Gen. S.-^l. Herbs cr shrubs with compound or divided leaves without stipules and perfect, hypogynous flowers. Bracts sepals petals and stamens 6 each f sepals and petals wanting, and stamens 1) or more in Achlys): Anthers 2 celled opening by uplifted valves that are hiiiged at the top. Calyx and corolla imbricated in the bud, deciduous, both usually colored Pistil 1, of a single carpel. Style short or none. Seeds anatropous, with small or minute embryo in firm -fleshy or horny albumen. * I'lowers complete: stamens (5, mostly short. 1 Berberis. f^hrubs with rigid oddjjinnate leaves; flowers yellow, in clustered racemes: fruit a few-seeded berry. 2 Vanconveria. Herbs with ternately comiiouud leaves: flowers white or yellow in a panicle: fruit a follicle. * * Flowers without sepals or petals: stamens 9 or more. 3. AchlySt Flowers spicate on a scape, without bracts, sepals or petals. Herbs with 3-parted leaves. 1 BERBERIS, Tourn. Inst. 014, t. 385, L. Gen. n. 442. Smooth shrubs with yellow wood, pinnate leaves, yellow flow- ers in clustered bracketed racemes, and oblong oi globose, acid, dark blue berries. Sepals 6, petal-like, with 6 closely appressed bractlets in 2 rows. Petals 6, opposite the sepals, usually 2-gland- iilar at base. Stamens 6, opposite the petals. Stigma peltate. Fruit a 1 -celled berry, with 1-3 seeds. Ours all of § Mahonia T. & G. Fl. i, .50. Leaves evergreen, all evolute, (none reduced to spines) and 3- toseveral-tbliolate ; petioles artic- ulated at the insertion of the leaflets : leaflets thick, coriaceous. !' long. In Fir forests* from Brit. Columbia to California. 2 VANCOUVERIA Moir. & Detsne, Ann. I'-ci. Nat. per. 2, ii, 315. Slender perenoial herbs with 2-3-teruately compourd leaves and white or yellow flowers in open paniculate racemes upon u naked scape. Sepals 6, obovate reflexed, soon falling witli the 6-9 oblong, membranaceous bracts. Petals 6, shorter than the sepals and opposite thom, linear-spatulate, nectary-like re- flexed. Stigma slightly dilated. Ovules in » wo rows upon the ventral suture. Capsule dehiscing by a dorsal valve attached by the base, persistent. Seeds oblong, somewhat curved, with a broad attachment and prominent arillus. V. hexandra Morr. & Decsne. 1. c. More or less villous, with brown- isli hairs, 1-2 feet high, from long ruDiiiii|; rootstocks: leaves diffuse, long pi^tioled ; leaflets 1-2 inches Iroad, petiolulate, subcordate, obtusely .'i- lol)ed, the lobes emarginate, the margin thickened and often undulate: scai)es exceeding the leaves: pedicels an inch long or more, recurved: se])- als 2-3 lines long: carpels 4-0 lines long, gibbous-lanceolate, with a slender beak, smooth or slightly glandular; arilius 2-lobed, more than half cov- ering the seed. In Fir forests, British Columbia to California. V« chrysantha Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. f^ci. i, 00. Stems rusty-vil- lous pubescent: leaflets evergreen, tbickish, 8ub-3-lobed, glabrous ami reticulated above, whitened and pubescent beneath, margins only slightly crisped, revolute in places: inflorescence sub-racemose, .5-18 flowered, cov- ered with dense dark jjjlandular pubescence : flowers golden yellow ; sepals 3-4 lines long; ovules 7-8. Eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Wal))ids 8-12. unequal: petals 11-18. dilated and unlike the stani- ens, yelh'w: fruit globose, 1--3 inches long. In ponds, British Cohinibia to California. CASTA UA Saiisb. Parad. Lend. 14. Perennial acaulesccnt herbs with thick creeping or tuberous rootstocks, rounded cordate leaves and snow white or pink flowers blooming all summer. Sepals 4. plain, hypogynous, iiei- 1 bucoous on the oater and somewhat colored on the inner face. Petals plain, those of the outermost row often greenish outside, all oblong or lanceolate, imbricated over and their bases ad- nate to the surface of the 7-85- celled ovary: innermost reduced | to staminodes or imperfect stamens witli petaloid filaments. True stamens with narrow filaments and linear-oblong anthers, inserted around the broad suiumic of the ovarv. Ovary con- 1 cave and umbonate, lineate with as many radiate stigmatic lines as there are carpels, the tips of the latter produced into I as many incurved short processes. Surface of the spongy-bac- cate fruit bearing the basis of the decaying stamens or their Bears. Seeds enclosed in cellular-membranaceous arillus. C. Lelbergr! Morong Bot. Gaz. xiii, 124 t. 7. Leaves oval with rather I open binus and acutish lobes, entire 1)^-6 inches long, two-thirds as broad: flowers white \%-^ inches in diameter when fully expanded: sepals an inch long, narrow, obtuse: petals in two rows, a little shorter and more obtuse than the sepals: stamens in 3-4 rows rimning up ihe ovary more than half Wrtv: stigmatic rays 7 or 8. the pvojecting points very short and blunt. In I BQiali ponds, noithcrn Idaho. Order IV. SARKACENIACE^ Endl. Gen. 901. Bog plants with pitcher-shaped or tubular and hooded I leaves, and perfect, polyandrous hypog; nous flowers. The persistent sepals, petals and cells of the ovary each 6. Fruit I a many-seeded cap.sule. Embryo small, in flesLj albumen. CHRYSAMPHORA Greene Pitt, ii, 191. ,. . , DARLINGTONIA Torr. Smith, contrib. vi,4.t. 12. Calyx without bracts, of 5 imbricated narrowly oblong sepals. Petals 5, ovate oblong with a small ovate tip. Stamens 12-16 in I a single row. Filaments subulate. Anthers oblong of 2 unequal cells. Ovary top-shaped, with a broad concave dilat d sum- mit, longer than tno stamens, 5-celled, the cells opposite the pet- CHRYHAMPIIORA. PI/ATYBTRMON. PAPAVERACKiE. 31 lals. Style Hhort, with 5 short linear or club-shaped lobes, (iipsule loculitddttlly ') valvod. Seeds very nnmerouH|oboYate- U'lttvate, thickly beset with soft slender projections. v. Callforiilca (Ireoiu' 1 c A Hinontli |K'rt'nniiil ht'rh of )?rcoMiHh ivi IIdwIhh!, from lon^ crovpinK rootstocks, leavos tubular gradually onlarg- iii^' upwards to a vaulted vcntricosc hood wliioh terniinateH in a fork«d de- ll.xt'd appt'iidajrc, under wliicli i^ the contrarted rounded orittcc, the ven- |tiul edge winj^ed: HeapeH 2-8 tcct liijjli bearing several nienihtai>a('eouH brnctrt; iiiiil a solitary noddinf fl(>wer; wpals dull yellow 1-2 inohen long, much loiiger than the brown, HDottetl with yellow petals. In bogs, soutnweHtern [Oregon and northern Cialiforniu. OuDKR V. PAl'AVERACE/E Endl. Gen. 854. Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants, with milky or colored I juice. Leaves mostly alternate, without stipules. Peduncle 1- fli)wered. Sepals, petals and stamens hypogynous. Sepals "2 ()r ii. Petals twice as many, in two sets, imbricated and usu- ally crumpled in the bud. Stamens indefinite. Capsule 1-celled with parietal placenta'. Seeds anatropous, with minute embryo ill copious albumen. Platy.stemon is exceptional in having the several capels distinct or at least early separting and forming Hs many torulose pods, and Eschscholtzia has colorless juice I in the herbage. TuiHE I. Annunls with opposite entire leaves. Sepals usually I three, distinct. |l. PlatyRteinoii. Filaments very broad; carj^els many, distinct or soon becoming so. \i, Platystigiiia. Filaments slightly dilated or filiform, ovary 8-ovuled. {8. Canbya. Filaments shorter than the anthers, persistent; ovary 3- valved. Tribe ii. Annual or ])erenni;( herbs. Sepals completely I united into a narrow cap which falls otl entire from a top-shaped receptacle. , , . - ^ »■ . . .. '■ 1 4. Eseh^choItiiU. Ptigma loben 4-6, subulate, unequal; style very short: capsule linear, 2-valveed in age, ! borders of K8CHSCHOLTZIA. BICUCULLA. FUMARIACEiE. 88 ti^ma divided into 4-6 linear unequal, divergent lobes. Capsule lougated, strongly 10-nerved, dehiscent the whole length, usual- y from the bottom, by two valves separating from the placental 'il)s : many seeded. Seeds globular, veticulated or rough tubercu- ato. E. Donglasli Benth. PI. flartw. 296. Perennial, smooth and glaucous, --2 feet hi^h, rather stout and branching : leaves ternate to triternate, fine- y divided into oblong-iinear lobes : flowers bright yellow, 2 inches in diam- ,ter, on pedicels 4-6 inches long : torus dilated and broadlv rimmed : cap- sule 2-3 inches long, curved: seeds reticulated. Gravelly hillsides and iiver banks, Oregon and Caliiornia. K. hypecoides, Ben tli. Trans. Hort. Soc. Ser. 2, i, 408. Annual: stems ilender, paniculately branched from the base: leaves small, mostly pin- lately 5-ioliolate ; leaflets finely divided into linear lobes : flowers small, not )ver an inch in diameter, light yellow, on peduncles 1-3 inches long; torus Hit little dilated, and very narrowly rimmed: capsule 1-2 inches long by a ine in diameter, tipped with filiform stigmas : seeds reticulate rugose. On openhillsides near Wolf Creek, Josephine county, Oregon, to California. . 1. eroUB fili- s-marcep- is grown, ■ anthers, 3 ; valves tne. Stig and re unculate ches high : descent, all iveral, half lines long, 3, t. 15. petals tter J nice, low flow- i. Sepals ched and Stamen ry linear, ry short; Order VI. FUMARIACE.E, DC, Syst. ii, 105. Tender herbs with watery and bland juice, dissected compound eaves, and perfect hypogynous flowers. Sepals 2, small and hyaline. Petals 4, one or two of them spurred. St^^amens 6, diadelphous. Capsule one-celled with two parietal placenta. eeds anatropous, with minute embryo in copious albumen. 1 BicacuUa. Corolla 2-spurred: the two outer and larger similar. 2 Corydalis* Corolla with only one of the outer petals spurred. 1 BICUCULLA Adans. Fam. PI. ii. 23. DICENTRA Bernh. Linnsea, viii, 557, 468. Smooth perennials with tuberiferous or granuliferous subter- ranean base, or running rootstocks, ternately or pinnately com- pound leaves and racemous or paniculate flowers. Sepals 2, small and scale-like. Corolla flattened and cordate,- at least at base, of two pairs of petals, the outer pair larger, saccate or spurred at base, the tips spreading ; the inner much narrower, spoon-shaped, mostly carinate or crested on the back ; the small hollowed tips slightly united at the apex, the two forming a cavity which contains the anthers and stigma. Stamens 6, in two sets ; the filaments slightly adhering in the middle : the middle anther 2-celled ; the latei*al ones 1-celled. Style slender persistent : stig ma 2-lobed ; each lobe sometimes niirrow, 1-celled, with 2 filiform the valves at maturity separate. 2-crested or horned. Capsule parietal placentae, from which B. formosa. Dicentra (Diclytra) formosa DC. Syst. ii, 109. Stems and jgoapes from the apex of thickish and almost naked creeping rootstock, a jspan to a foot or niore high: leaves twice or thrice ternately compound, |t"e ultimate divisions narrow and incisely pinnatifid : flowers in compound I racemes at the summit of the naked -scapes : corollas ovate-cordate with Ironnded somewhat connivent spurs and snort spreading tips to the larger JxV on 01 bo, Ctn"»' M FUMARIACEA'. BICOCULLA. CORYDALI8. •if petals : crests of the inner petals little surpassing their tips : all the petaljl united up to above the middle. B. Cncnllarla Millsp. Bull, W. Va. Agr. Exp. iSta. ii, ?27, Leavei usually 2 to each stem, long petioled, triternately decompound, the prinij ary and secondary divisions petiolate, ultimate divisions laciniately pinj natifid with oblong-linear mucronulate lobes : scapes 6-10 inches hi>,'li,l from a kind of scaly, fleshy bulb composed of the triangular bases of fornietl leaves ; several flowered ; corolla white with yellowish tips, the spiml divergent, short and rounded, not longer than the pedicel: crest of tbl inner petals small, semi-oval, bladdery. Along the Columbia river frnml below the Cascades to Idaho, and the Eastern States. Ours differs from the| eastern plant in hairing much shorter and rounded spurs. B. oniflora. Dicentra uniflora, Kelt. Proc. Cal. Acad, Sci. iv, 141\ leaves ternately or somewhat pinnately divided, the 3-7 divisions pinnatil fid into a few spatulate lobes: scapes 3-5 inches high, from a fascicle oil narrow-fusiform and perpendicular fleshy tubers, 2-3 bracted, and 1--2| flowered : outer petals merely gibbous-saccate at base, their spatulate- linear recurving tips much longer than the body ; inner petals with laminai dilated and h"state at base directly from the oblong-linear claw. Oiil Mount Adams, Washington, to the Sierra Nevada in California, audi Wyoming and Utah. B. pattClfflora» Dicentra 'pauciftora Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 4^9. ScapesI and leaves very slender, 4-8 inches high, from running tuberiferous root[ stocks: leaves small, 2~3-ternate, with narrow segments: flowers 1~3, 8-121 lines long, the short stout straight spurs not diverging : sj)reading orj reflexed tips of the outer petals 3-4 lines long; inner petals with Iv ■ latel claw abruptly contracted at apex into a short stalk which abruptly dilatepi into the elongate-spatulate lamina. In the Siskiyou mountains Southerii| Oregon, to Tulare County, California, near perpetual snow* > CORYDALIS Vent. Cels. t. 19. Herbs with variousl)'^ decompound alternate leaves and white, i rose-colored or yellow flowers in racemes opposite the leaves oi | terminal. Corolla with only one of the petals spurred or gih-l bous and nectariferous, by tortion becoming posterior, all erect| and connivent up to the short tips of the outer ones. Filaments with a nectariferous spur-like process at the base. Style mostly | persistent. . Capule few-many-seeded. Seeds with a concave aril- liform crest. I retain Corydalis because no other name has been] settled on for this genus. § 1. Perennials from thickened roots with ample leaves and! many-flowered racemes. Stigma with 6 lobes or processes, ont| pair terminal, one medial and one basal. Capsule oval or oblong, rather few-seeded. C. Sconlerl Hook. Fl. 1, 63 t. 14. Stems simple 2-4 feet high, with 2-4 1 cauline leaves from a large and thickened running scaly-jointod rootstock : leaves very large, pinnately decompound; ultimate lealUets, oblong toj oblong-lanceolate, entire or the teminal one deeply 3-lobed : flowers rose- colored, peduncles, 1-2 inches long in a loose raceme; spurs stout, 2-3 1 times as long as the balance of the flower: pedicels strongly curved down- wards after flowering, stigma 2-lobed at the base. C. Cnsickll Watson in Coult. Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 14. Stems 2-3 feet | high, from strong perennial roots, leafy; leaves bipinnately divided, the oblong oval leaflets acute at each end, half to an inch long: rac?me term- inal, dense; flowers white or purplish with tips of inner petals violet, an (ORYDALIS. Ich or less lon( If llower ; hoc Voiul thin mari |l crest : capsu Inspicuous orl H^le creek Mo 5; 2. Bien socted lea\ Ic. anrea W llden yellow a Iceme : spur bi Jeils turgid ob |ofkv banks, e: Dvth'ern New Ir. montana lelu'8 long : lea ieiiiiatiJ-toothe liiiii the rest o hit'ly marginc \\\ Idaho and ] Ori llorb? rare [)riii corolla t li(ivie) with his. Sepals ' larrow claws Ivo of them i lian the othe ■cross from t liulivided or ju'rous, camp hluiis either lent, with the londu plicate. InHorescence Iwith rare ex Series i. 1 |ii Brassica), Tribe i. irly dehisce [rismatic, sh * Pods m Parrya. P central ne: winged . Chciranthi linear, wit vex and m * » Pods g to the partit (ORYDALIS. CRUCIFER.E. SS Ich or lesB long, the nearly straight spur fully iwice as long as the rest of le llower ; hood of the outer petals emarginate by the development of toiid thin margins which are recurved over the narrow and undulate dor- |1 crest: capsule oblong, turgid, 6 lines long: seeds nearly smooth, with a Inspicuous orbicular carunculate crest. Along alpine streams, Blue and tigle creek Mountains, eastern Oregon to western Idaho. !j 2. Biennials, mostly branched from the base, with finely ;sected leaves and siliquiform capsule. Ic. anrea Willd. Enum. 710. Commonly low and spreading: flowers kdon yellow about half an inch long, on rather slender pedicels in a short [ci'ine : spur barely half the length of the body when dry, 10-12-8eeded. fci'ds turgid obtuse at margin, the shining surface obscurely reticulated. loiky banks, eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia, Lower Canada and jrtliern New England (Gray, Syn. Fl. i, 97). |(\ montana Engelm. in Gray, PI. Fend. 8. Stems decumbent, 6-12 Idu'S long: leaves pinnate, leaflets 5-7 parted, the divisions irregularly iciiiiatL'-toothed : flowers yellow, in short-peduncled racemes ; spur shorter iui the rest of the flower: capsule 4-angled, deflexed in fruit: seeds piiti'ly margined muricate. From the Blue Mountains of Oregon to west- hi Idaho and Mexico. Order VII. CRUCIFER.5i: Endl. Gen. 861. Herbs rarely suffrutescent, with pungent watery juice, oruci- Dnii corolla tetradynamous stamens and 2-celIed pod (silicle or li(liie) with two parietal piacentie. Flowers perfect hypogyn- is. Sepals 4, often colored, deciduous. Petals 4, usually witli liirrow claws and spreading lamina, rarely wanting. Stamens (i, Ivo of them inserted lower down on the receptacle and shorter jiiin the other 4. Ovary 2-celled by a partition which stretches icross from the placenta; or the partition, rarely wanting. Style ludivided or none : stigma entire or 2-lobed. Ovules few or nu- [icrous, camplytropous. Seeds smooth, without albumen. Coty- pdons either accumbent applied edgewise to the radical or incum- Icnt, with the radical against the hack of one of them or sometimes londu plicate, plicately folded and partly enveloping the radical. Iiitiorescence racemose orspicate or somewhat corymbose and jwith rare exceptions) cbracteate. " , Series i. Pods 2-valved, dehiscent their whole length (except |ii Brassica), not compressed contrary to the partition. Tkibe I. Fruit completely or incompletely 2-celled, regu- uly dehiscent, flattened parallel to a broad partition, terete, or [lismatic, short or long. * Pods more or less strongly compressed parallel to the partition. I'arrya. Pods lanceolate, acuminate ; valves flat, with a prominent central nerve and reticulated: seeds in 1 row in each cell, large, not winged . Cheiranthnst Pods strongly compressed, 1-4 inches long, broadly linear, with flat l-nerved valves or narrow and quadrangular with con- vex and more or less distinctly keeled valves. * * Pods globose terete or prismatic, at least not compressed parallel to the partition. 36 CRUCIFER^. ['II m ■■)»; 'W- fi i it l^ Nastartinm. Pods short, turgid, little compressed, nerveless. 4 Boripa. Pods terete or nearly so, with nearly or quite nerveless, tl valves. 5 Bartoarea* Pods linear, elongated, somewhat tetragonal: seeds in| row in each cell. Arabis. Pods linear with more or less 1-nerved flat valves and tliii partition : seeds in 1 row in each cell, flattened and more or less vfiw/v * * * Pods oblong or linear, compressed parallel to the partition, sePHili 7 Streptiinthus. Pods oblong to narrowly linear, compressed parallel ti the partition, sessile upon the enlarged receptacle : valves flat, neivi less, seeds flat, more or less winged : cotyledons accumbent. 8 Canlanthus. Pods narrowly linear, somewhat flattened or subtchui sessile : valves 1-nerved and often reticulate-veined : cotyledons incninj bent. 9 Dentaria. Pods linear, with nerveless flat valves and riervele partition : seeds in 1 row in each cell wingless. 10 Cardamlne. Pod linear with thin flat nerveless valves, and winglcsi seeds in 1 row in each cell. Tribe ii. Pod a silicle, 2-celled, completely dehiscent, stronil compressed parallel to the broad partition or very turgid wii broad partition and almost hemispherical valves, or didymous. i strongly obcompressed. Pubescence stellate. * Pods strongly compressed parallel to the broad partition. 11 PUIysperniura. Pods suborbicular, very strongly compressed parallel to the broad partition : seeds in 2 rows in each cell, broadly winged. * * Pods turgid with broad partition. 12 Lescinerella. Pods subglobose: partition suborbicular: seeds flattens ** * Pods didymous with narrow partition. 13 Phyiiaria. Silicle didymous or obcompressed, partition narrow-el lip tical : cells several-seeded. * « « ♦ Fruit orbicular or nearly so, 2-celled, dehiscent, 2-several-sceded : fllaments often dilated and toothed or appendaged near the base. 14 Psilonema. Capsule with valves convex, pubescence stellate. » « « » Fruit oblong elliptic or lanceolate, rarely linear, 2-celled, dehiscent, a-sveral-seeded : stamens unappendaged. 15 Erophlla. Flowers white : petals deeply 2-lobedorp.: ted: pods liiu'ar| to oblong, many-seeded . IH Draba. Sepals short and broad, equal at the base : petals entire iir| emarginate. 17 Cochlearla. Pods (in ours) very turgid and appearing obcomprespedj with distintly 1-nerved valves. Tribe III. Pods longitudinally 2-celled, dehiscent, from liiicarj to lance-oblong or elliptic, always longer than br Erysimum. Pods subsessile, erect, appressed to the rachis, subuluti", 20 Smelowsitia. Pods lanceolate to lance-oblong, more or less olKionil pressed with sharply keeled valves. 21 Solioenoerambe. Pods slender, terete, somewhat torulose. CRUCIFER^ . 87 Tribe iv. Fruit longitudinally 2-celled, dehiscent, elongated, icte or prismatic or compressed parallel to the partition. Tlielypodinm. Pods slender, terete or quadrangular, often torulose, (in a snort thick stipe: valves 1-nerved: cotyledons incumbent. Stanleya. Pods terete or subterete, on a slender elongated stipe : valves 1-nerved: cotyledons incumbent. Tkibe V. Pods short, scarcely longer than broad, turgid or ob- Mupressed. Cotyledons incumbent. Uraya* Pods oblong to linear-oblong with flattish or convex faintly- nerved but nc* keeled valves. Camelinat Silicle obovoid, 2-celled and many-seeded, with somewhat firm strongly convex valves, and thin obovate partition. Hnbalaria. Silicle turgid, subglobose, pyriform or short, fusiform, dehiscent, several-seeded : cotyledons incumbent : aquatic herbs with subulate leaves. Tkibe vi Pods long or short, dehiscent their whole length or [le apex indehiscent Cotyledons longitudinally conduplicate. Brassica^ Pods slender and longitudinally dehiscent to near the apt'x. Series it. Pods short, dehiscent their whole length. Valve3 ore or less obcompressed, the partition usually narrow. Tribe vii. Pod a 2-celled silicle, strongly obcompressed or nrL'id. Pubescence wholly simple or none. Bnrsa. Pods obcordate, reversed deltoid in outline. Hntchinsia. Pods elliptical, entire at the apex. Coronopns. Pods more or less distinctly didymous with thickish valves, falling off as closed or nearly closed l-seeded nutlets : terres- trial herbs but growing in wet places. Lepidinm. Pods strongly obcompressed ; with usually l-seeded cells : cotyledons incumbent. Terrestrial herbs. Thlaspi* Pods strongly obcompressed, dehiscent ; cells 2 to several seedea: cotyledons accuml)ent. Glabrous terrestrial herbs. Series hi. Pods short, [rarely long], usually crustaceous and ^idurated, indehiscent, 1-2-celled, with 1-2 seeds in each cell. • ■.- Tribe ix. Pods orbicular to elliptical. Ovule suspended. Heterodraba. Pods short-elliptical, twisted, not margined, very tardi- ly dehiscent, by a very filmy partition 2-celled. Athysanus. Pods orbicular, not margined, uncinate-hispid, indehis- cent: ovary 1-celled, 3-4-ovuled but only one maturing. |5 Thysanocarpns. Pods orbicular to obovate, wing-margined, 1-celled indehiscent: o\ary 1-ovuled: pubescence simple. Series iv. Pods elongated, indehiscent, 1-celled and many- jeeded, or many -celled with 1 seed in each cell. Tribe x. Pods elongated, terete or somewhat prismatic, often lorose, multicellular and indehiscent. p6 Raphanus. ed pod. Fruit an indehiscent multicellular or transversely divid- as CRUCIFERiE. PARRYA. CHEIUANTHUS. CHEIRAXTHI Tribe 1. Arahideae DC^ Stigma when lohed pidonged over tm placentie. Pods ^-celled, sov^etimea incompletely so, regularly dm scent, flattened parallel to a broad partition or terete. Cotyledo\ accumbent (incumbent to convolute in Chieranthus). 1 PARRYA R.Br, in Parry Voy.App. 268. Low perennial herbs with mostly radical entire or tootlul soincAvhat fleshy leaves, and rose-colored or purple flowers. So/ als erect, equal or the lateral ones saccate at base. Petals spatJ late unguiculate. Anthers usually linear. Style short; stigiiJ lobes connate. Pods compressed, the valves plane, 1-nervef Seeds in 1 or 2 rows in the cells, large, somewhat compresf^eij orbicular. Cotyledons various. P. Menzlesii Greene Bull. Torr. Club xiii, 143. Phcenicavlis Cheirantln\ des Niitt. T. & G. Fl. 1, 89. Cheiranthua Menzie»ii Watson Bat. King, ll Oaudex stout and branching, the branches densely clothed with the persisi ent petioles of former seasons : radical leaves spatulate or oblanceolatj entire, 1-4 inches long, persistent, canesccnt, with a dense stellate pubescil nee, the petioles nearly glabrous : scape-like stems several from each brami of the caudex, twice longer than the radical leaves, nearly glabrous, oftel leaf y-bracted below : flowers large dark purple or red, to ochroleucouH,il rather dense many-flowered racemes : pods spreading, on short, stout pel icels, 1-2 inches long, 1-2 lines broad, not carinate, attenuate to the slea der style, glabrous few-seeded. On stony hillsides, northern Californij and Nevada to Brit. Columbia east of the Cascade Mountains. Var. lanuginosa Watson in Gray's Syn. Fl. 152. Pubescence nioij loose and woolly. Eastern Washington. 2 CHEIRANTHUS. L. Gen. n. 815. Cheiranthus and Erysimum of authors. Biennial or perennial herbs with narrow entire or sparinglvl toothed leaves and yellow or purple flowers in simple racemi J Sepals erect, oblong to linear-oblong, equal at base or the later;il ones somewhat saccate. Petals commonly large with broad olxJ vate blade and slender elongated claw. Stamens 6, free and nil appendaged. Pods strongly compressed, broadly linear with 1-nerved valves or narrow and (juadrangular with convex itiil more or less distinctly keeled valves. Seeds numerous, obloiil and turgid, or suborbicular and flattened or winged. CptyledoiJ incumbent or accumbent or the radical very oblique. * Petals 2-2)^ lines long, yellow: pods subterete, 5-10 lines Ion": cotyledons incumbent or nearly so. C. turritoides Lam. Encycl. ii. 716. Erysimum cheiranthoides Stem erect, subterete, simple or with few subterminal branches : leavej lanceolate, acute at each end, entire or remotely and obscurely dentiiiJ late, 1-3 inches long, thin, green on both faces, sparsely and finely puliesl cent: flowers small, yellow: pods obtusely angled, 5-10 lines long, oi somewhat spreading and rather slender pedicels, glabrous, slenderly shoitl beaked. Along streams, eastern Oregon to Alaska and across the contl nent. * * Petals 3-12 lines long, yellow or orange, rarely purple. Pods I subterete or obviously 4-angled, not Strongly compiressed, 1-4 inches] long ; cotyledons incumbent or rarely oblique or somewhat accumbent. CHEIRANTHUH. CRUCIFER.E. 89 eecence moii ('. Inconsplcnns Greene Pitt. iii. 134. Erysimum pavviflorum NuU. \lS.iS), not Pen. (1807). Cinereous and scabrous with appressed forked Uirs : stems erect, 10-18 inches high : leaves narrow, oblong-linear or lan- feuhite, mostly entire, the radical crowded, sometimes repand-dentate : lepiils linear-oblong, acute, 3 lines long, little surpassed by the narrow sul- Wiiir-yellow petals: pedicels 2-3 lines long, spreading in fruit: pods slen- Ber, suberect, 1-2 inches long, scarcely nurrowed above, tipped with a short ttout style and 2-lobed stigma. Eastern Washington to Alaska, Wyoming Ind Minnesota. C. elatns Greene h c. 136. Erysimum elatum Nutt. Scabrous and usu- ally canescent with appressed 2-parted hairs: stems erect from a biennial fr short-lived perennial root, 1-6 feet high, usually simple, angled ; leaves inceolate to entire or repand-dentate, or the lowest pinnatifid : petals tellc'V or orange, 6-8 lines long, with broadly obovate subcbicular, blade Ihe very slender claw, much exceeding the oblong or linear sepals : pods 1-5 inches long by a line wide usually sharply angled, erect or spreading m spreading pedicels 2-6 lines long ; style 1-2 lines long ; stigma some- kliiit 2-lobed: seeds oblopg, brown, often sharply wing-appendaged at the [l)ex. Common on dry hillsides, California to Brit. Columbia. * * * Flowers large or. middle-sized, pods more strongly flatten- ed, 1-nerved or somewhat keeled. t'. occidentails Watson Proc. Araer. Acad, xxiii, 261. Erysimum oc- jidentaJe, Roh. Stems erect, simple or branching from near the base, 2-18 Inoljes high, from an annual or biennial root, becoming stout, angular, piely pubescent with appressed forkad hairs : narrowly linear to lance-lin- lar, leaves attenuate to long slender petioles entire or nearly so : racemes U first short, but becoming 4-8 inches long in fruit: pedicels stout, spread- Bug 2-4 lines long: petals light yellow, 8-10 lines long, much exceeding the pale narrowly-oblong strongly saccate calyx : pods 3-4 inches long, 1}4 lines proad, rather abruptly beaked; style slender, 2 lines long; stigma small: leeds oblong, rather broadly winged : cotyledons accumbent. On sandy or gravelly banks, Klickitat county, Washington to Nevada. Ci arenicola Greene 1. c. 131. Erysimum arenicola Watson Proc. Am. icad, xxvi, 142. Cespitose perennial : stems several from the densely mnl- licipital caudex, terete, 6-8 inches high : leaves very numerous, chieflv llustered at the base, oblanceglate, repandly denticulate, including tlie Vetiole l}4 inches long, 2-3 lines broad, pubescent with white appressed |-3 pointed hairs : racemec short, rather few-flowered : pedicels spreading, line long: sepals 4 lines long; petals unknown: pods very gradually nar- lowed to a point: cotyledons oblique-incumbent. Olympic Mountains Washington, 5000 feet altitude. C. V. Piper. C. capitatus Dougl. in Hook. Fl. 1, 38. Cheiranthus anper Cham. <& tchlecht. in Linrixa i, 14. Finely pubescent with appressed 2-parted or on the lowest leaves somewhat stellate hairs : stem 3-24 inches high from a per- Innial root, somewhat angular, stout, simple or less frequently branched, joinetimes from the base : leaves oblong to spatulate or linear, attenuate lelow, entire or more or less deeply repand-dentate: flowers light yellow, . ni a many-flowered at flr«t subcapitate but elongating raceme: petals 8-12 jines long, with broad rounded blade and slender claw : pods 1-4 im-hes [>ng, 1-1)^ lines broad; valves flattish, l-nr-rved: style stout, )^-l line 3ng: stigma broad: seeds oblong, brown, margined. Common on the Joast from Curry county, Oregon to California. 3 NASTURTIUM R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iv, 109. Perennial herbs with lyrately compound or simple and pin- latifid or undivided leaves and white flowers. Sepals erect. Pet- \\h unguiculate. Pods short, turgid, little compressed, nerveless. 40 CRUCIFEH.*:. NASTURTIUM. RORIPA. Seeds small, rounded, somewhat flattened, impressed punctate. N. OFFICINALE Ri Bf. 1, c. Glabfous ; Htetna stoiitiah hollow rooting iit| the decumbent base, the branches >^-5 feet long: roots all fibrous: leuM* pinnate, leaflets rn-'^led or elongated the terminal one largest: pet ;ilj white, exceeding ..^ calyx: pods divaricately spreading, 6-10 lines. loii|;| acute at each end, equaling the spreading pedicels, style short and thickj Common in brooks p.nd wet p'aces. Introduced from Europe. 4 RORIPA Hcop. Fl. Cam. 520. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs with yellow flowers in piini iculate racemes. Commonly referred to Nasturtium. Se|>;il' greenish yellow, ascendintj or spreading. Petals short-unguic ul late and ascending. Pods terete or nearly so; valves thin, nearly[ or (|uite nerveless. Seeds small, turgid and wingless, in 2 rows iiii each cell, minutely tuberculate. R. slnnata A. S. Hitchok. Spring Fl. Manh. 18. Nasturtium shiuatiim,] Nnlt. litems decumbent to prostrate pale green glabrous or slightly scurfy- pubescent: leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, usu.ally deep and regii| larly pinnatifid, the subequal oblong to deltoid segments entire or witli or 2 teeth : pedicels mostly divaricately spreading, slender, 2-5 lines l()ii^';| Eods oblong to linear, mostly 3-5 lines long acute at each end and beaki-i y a slender style, more or less cur\'ed. Eastern Oregon and Washington! to the plains of the Saskatchewan. Minnesota and Arkansas. Var. pubescens. Nagtartmin miuatmn rar. puhescens Watson in Grmj Syrt. Fl. i. 174- Pubescent throughout with woolly hairs: stems very slenl der, decumbent: racemes lax, 4-t) inches long: pedicels .3-6 lines long, veiy[ sieufler: ovary oblong-obovate, pubescent: style long and slender. Oiil sandy ground Sauvie's Island Oregon, at the mouth of the Willamettcl river. But one plant was found : if not abnormal it is a good species. B. CoIcmblsB. Nasturtium Columhim Suksdorf in Herb, distr. 962. Li«| and spreading, pubescent throughout: leaves rather narrow, deeply aiiill narrowly pinnatifid; pedicels scarcely 2 lines long: pods short-oblong, l'..( -2 li.'ies long, densely pubescent with short and rather fine somewhat papi' lose hairs. Ix)w gravelly banks of the Columbia and Bnake rivers, whid are submerged most of the year. R. palnstris Bess. Enum. 27. Nasturtium palustre DC. ^ Glabrous orl rarely somewhat pubescent: stems erect from a biennial root*, 6-18 inchesi high, branching: lower leaves lyrate ; upper more or less deeply pinnatifidi or merely toothed, the lobes narrowly to oroadly oblong, dentate; pods obi long, turgid, UEually obtuse. Oregon to the Sierra Nevadas and the At| luntic states. R. Pacillca. Nasturtium terrestre var. occidentale Watson, inGray SyuJ, Fl. i, 148. Glabrous or the auricles of the leaves sometimes ciliate : 8teni.s| stout, 1-3 feet high from a stout annual or biennial root : more or less freely branching : leaves lanceolate, the lower ones lyrate, petioled, 2-*i| •inches long ; the oblong to ovate segments erosc-dentate : pods oblong, tur[ gid acutish at both ends or obtuse above, 4-6 lines long, equaling the I spreading pedicels. On alluvial soil lower Columbia valley to Brit. Coluni- j bia. B. sphierocarpa Britton, Mem. Torr. club, v. 170. Nasturtium sph n- rocarpum, Gray PI. Fendl. 6. More or less hispid with short spreading! hairs: stems erect, 1-3 feet high from a biennial or winter annual root: branched above : lower leaves lyrate with oblong or ovate, dentate seg-l ments, upper ones lanceolate, more or less pinnatifid or irregularly don- 1 tate : pods short, mostly broadly elliptical or gubglobose 1-3 lines long. Oregon and Washington . iin, nearlvl 1 2 rows ii nORlPA. HARBAHRA. CRUCIFERvE. 41 K. carrisiliqna Bessey Mem. Torr. club v. 169. NastnHium curvixili- (jiia, Niitt. Glabrous, usually erect, diffusely branched 3-12 Inches high tioin an annual root: leaves narrowly oblong or oblanoeolate pinnatiSd \sith oblong usually toothed lobes, rarely only sinuate ttK)thed : flowers \ lldW in rather dense racemes: petals a little exceeding the sepals: pods iatiier slender, 4-8 lines long, about equalinc the pedicels, often curved. Oil rich, alluvial river bottoms, British Col" .-.Aa to Lower California. |{, lyrata Greene Man. 20. Nmturiium lyratum Nutt. Stems erect or (Ici'umbent, commonly diffusely branched from the base: leaves lyrate or ])innatilid, the segments oblong-lanceolate, inciseiy serrate or angularly tdotlied: pods linear, compressed, 8-10 lines long, more than twice tli'e length of the pedicel, slightly curved, obtuse, tipped with the very short Htyle. On muddy banks and in wet places, Oregon and northern Oali- oriii.i. K. polymorpha. Nasturtium polymorphvm Nvtt. T, A G. i, 74. Stems (i-lO inches jh ffom an annual or biennial root: leaves rather narrow, deeply pinnatitid or almost entire, the segments entire, short, linear acute : flowers small ; the petals scarcely longer than the calyx : pods ob- lonr linear compressed : stigma minute, nearly sessile. "Banks of the Ore- goi Nutt." Moig'; places. Willamette and lower Columbia vadeys. R. tenerrlma Greene Eryth. iii, 46. Glabrous : stems weak and de- cumbent sparingly branched 6-10 inches long from an annual root : leaves fev lyrately pinnatifid, the terminal lobe acutish, rachis of the few ra- cemes almost capillary: pods subconical to ovate-laaceolate slightly curved, the apex surmounted by a considerable l)eak-like style: valves and partition both very thin : seeds many in 2 rows under each valve. On moist banks, eastern California and western Nevada to Washington and Wyoming. 5 BARBAREA R. Br. in Ait f. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 109. Glabrous erect branching biennial or perennial herbs with an- gled stems and entire or pinnatifid leaves. Sepals oblong, often colored : the lateral pair often saccate at base and slightly con- nate on the back near the apex. Petals spatulate or with obovate blade and slender claws. Stamens 6, free and unappendaged, dis- tinctly tetradynamous. Style short : stigma bifid. Pods linear, elongated, somewhat 4-angled. Seeds in one row in each cell. Cotyledons slightly oblique. '^ ' ' B. Yulg*rls R. Br. 1. c. Stems erect, 1-3 feet high, simple or corym- bosely branched, somewhat angled : radical and lower caudate leaves usu- ally pinnately parked, the terminal lobe ovate or orbicular, rounded at the apex and varying from cuneate to cordate at base, entire or with a few rounded teeth or lobes ; lateral segments very variable usually oblong, en- tire or toothed : petioles auriculate at base : upper leaves entire or toothed, clasping at base : flowers in a short dense oblong raceme, bright yellow : petals nearly or quite twice as long as the sepals : pods ascending or sub- erect upon more or less spreading pedicels. Common along streams and in cultivated fields. Lower California to Alaska and across the continent. B. stricta And rz. Bess. Enum. 72. Stems erect 1-2 feet high, leaves yrately pinnatifid with a large rounded terminal lobe and 1-5 pairs of lat- eral ones: flowers pale yellow, during anthesis closely aggregate and sub- corymbose ; petals usually not over a third or half longer than the ca- lyx : pods mostly appresscd to the elongated rachis. Along streams etc., California to Alaska and across the continent. CRUCIFER.E. ARABIB. m 6 ARABIS L. Gen. n. 818. Annual biennial or perennial herbs, rarely suffrutesccnt at banc with usually simple leaves, stellate or forked pubescence, and white or purple flowers in ebracteate racemes. Sepals e(|ual or the lateral ones saccate at base. Petals entire or eniarginat( , usually unguicuhite. Stamens 0, free and unappendaged. Pods linear compressed parallel to the partition, with flat or Hul>con- vex, more or less prominently 1-nerved valves and membranace- ous partition. Stigma simple or barely 2-lobed. Seeds in 1-2 rows : elliptical or orbicular, more or less margined or winged. Cotyledons accumbent or oblique. § 1 SisvMBRiNA Watson in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 159. Bienni- als or perennials with the pubescence, if any, wholly simple above, but forked upon the lowest leaves. A. Nattallli Robinson in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 160. A. npathulata Nun. T. <(• (f. Fl. i, 81, not DC. Stems slender simple, 6-10 inches high from ii branching biennial or perennial rootstock, erect or ascending, glabrous above, more or less hirsute below : radical leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, entire, an inch or less long: cauline narrowly oblong to elliptical, sessile but not auricled : petals 2-3 lines long, white : pods short, 6-9 lines long by J^ of a line broad, somewhat attenuate to a rather stout style : valves slightly convex, 1-nerved and faintly veined : seeds elliptical : cotyledons accumbent. On low grounds, mountains of eastern Washing- ton and western Montana. § 2 TURRITIS in the cells. A. perfollata Lam. Encycl. i, 219. Glaucous, stems erect, solitary, sim- ple or sparingly branched, usually stout, 1-6 feet hi^h from a biennial root: radical leaves spatulate, 2-4 inches long, smuaterpinnatitid or toothed, ciliate and more or less hirsute with stellate hairs ; cauline leaves entire ovate to ovate-lanceolate, clasping by the sagittate bare : raceme long and strict: flowers white or stramineous: petals linear-lanceolate, 2- 3 lines long, not more than twice the length of the sepals : pods strictly erect almost terete, 3-4 inches long, less than a line wide, on short pedi- cels: style short or none, stigma 2-lobed: seeds somewhat in 2 rows nar- rowly winged or wingless: cotyledons accumbent to incumbent in th- same pod. On dry ridges and stony hillsides, Brit. Columbia to Califor- nia and across the continent to New England and New Jersey. Flowers whitish ; pods narrow : seeds in 2 rows Seeds Coty- • § 3 EuARABis Watson in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 100 in part, orbicular or broadly elliptical, more or less wing-margined, ledons strictly accumbent. A. hlrsata Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, ii, 30. More or less hirsute at least at the base with spreading simple or forked, rarely stellate hairs : stems often clustered on the crown of the biennial root or branching caudex, 6-20 inches high, simple or with slender strict branches above : radical leaves in a rosulate cluster, ovate to spatulate attenuate to a winged petiole, entire or sparsely dentate; cauline ones ovate to oblong or lanceolate sessile ami partly clasping by a somewhat sagittate or cordate base: petals white, spatulate twice as long as the greenish sepals : pods strictly erect 1-2 inches long, less than a line wide on erect slender pedicels ; style very short and stout or the stigma nearly sessile : seeds suborbicular, very nar- rowly winged. In moist places, Sierra Neyadas of California through Ore- gon and Washington to northern Alaska and across the continent to the ARARIH. CftUCIFER^:. 43 riKiuth of the tSt. Lawrence and Virginia. Eu. & Asia. *. • At farcata VVatHon Proc Am. Acad, xvii, 302. StemH Heveral from a slender branching perennial rootstock, Hlender ascending, 10-18 in<;hea liivch: lower leaves oblung-ovate, attenuate below to a Htout petiole, few- toothed, 1-3 inches long; sparingly pubescent and ciliate with coarse iDiked hairs; cauline oblong to linear or lanceolate, scarcely auricled: flow- tTH large in a lux few-flowered raceme ; petals white broadly spatulate;, ()-7 lines long, more than twice as long as the spp-ingly hirsute sepals:- IKxls 10-20 lines Ion ^, less than aline broad, at te uate to a very nhort style, on slender pedicels 6-10 lines long: seeds obiong-elliptical, winged at the lower end. On bluffs of the Columbia river from the mouth oi th« f^iindy to near Hood river. At Suksdorfll. A.^nrcata Watsonl. c. in part. Stems tufted from a thick perennial root, simple, 3-8 inches high, strictly erect, lower leaves ohlong-obovatc 1-3 inches long, sparingly pubescent an-18 lines long by less than a line broad, erect on short erect pedicels. On dry alluvial ridges Mount Adams Wash- ington near the line of perpetual snow. A. purpnrascens Howell in Herb. Greene Pitt, i, 161. Usually livid- purple throughout : stems tufti^d, from a branching perennial root, simple, usually slender, 6-30 inches high, soft-pubescent with simple or forked hairs and a shorter, more branching pubescence beneath : leaves scattci-ed l»ut rather ample, thin sparsely pubescent : the lowest obovate-oblong at- tenuate below to a petiole, the cauline narrowly-oblong sessile, all with scattered coarse and salient teeth : racemes loose and few-flowered ; calyx purple 2-3 lines long : petals 6-9 lines long deep rose purple : pods slender, 2 inches long less thar a line wide. On rocky ridges and bluffs, northern base of the Siskiyou Mountains from Ashland to Waldo Oregon. A. atrornbens Suksdorf in Herb. Greene Eryth. i, 223. Pale and <;lauce8cent or the herbage becoming purplish iii full maturity: stems erect, a foot or more high from a branching perennial root: radical leaves spatulate-oblong, an inch long, stellate-pubescent ; cauline ones glabrous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sessile and auriculate-clasping, all rather re- motely and coarsely serrate- toothed : raceme simple, strict, few-flowered: sepals dark red, sparsely pubescent with branching hairs : petals dark re«l or almost black about 4 lines long : pods suberect narrowly linear, acute, 3 inches long or more : seeds flattened, narrowly winged. Edge of brush- lands on the higher part of the Klickitat hills, Klickitat county, Wash- ington. A. sparslflora Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 81. Stems 1-3 feet high from a bi- ennial or perennial root, sparingly pubescent below with forked or simple iiairs: lower leaves numerous, entire oblanceolate, on slender petioles; cauline leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire, sessile and clasping by the auricled base, acute : racemes rather few-flowered; flowers small ; pet- als linear-oblong, bright purple, twice as long as the often colored sepals: pods 2-3 inclies long, spreading or suberect on spreading pedicels : seeds narrowly winged. (5n dry plains, eastern Oregon and Washington to '.ac Rocky Mountains and northern Nevada. A. Bolanderi Watson Proc. Am! Acad, xxii, 467. More or less pubes- cent throughout with soft stellate hairs : stem solitary, much branched, 1- 2 feet high from a biennial root : radical leaves not known ; cauline lanceo- late, 1-2 inches long, auriculate-clasping entire : flowers small 2-3 lines long, rose-colored : sepals and pedicels pubescent : pods mostly divaricately spreading, glabrous, straight, 6-18 lines long obtuse with a broad sessile stigma : valves 1-nerved to the middle: seeds orbicular to elliptical, nar- rowly winged. Yosemite Valley, UoZandfr; Washington, Brnndcf/ec. 44 CRlTCIFERif:. AKAKIN. A. Breweri WatHon Proo. Am. Acad, xi, 123. Htems several from n brnncliiiif; ju'rennittl niiidex 4-12 incheH hi^h, more or lesH villoiiH witli spreading Himplo or braiichi'd hairs or eti'Ihite jmbeHcont towunln the? baf*'. lower leavt'H narrowly oblanoeolate, entire or toothed, finely Hteiiate-juili CHcent, an incli Utun or less, the jietioleH often ciliate ; iip|)erVauline leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, HCHHile with a cordate ba^e or obtnaely an riculate, somewhat viilons or pubescent or nearly glabrous; flowers briglit rose-color or purplish to nearly white, H-4 lines long; the pedicels andimi plish calyx more or less villous: pods at length spreading and more or Ich- arcuate l)'i-3 inches long by a line or more broad, acute with u sessile stigma ; valves 1-nerved, veined : seeds orbicular, narrowly winged, i^outli- western Oregon to middle Cadfornia. A. Leiiiiiionl Watson I'roc. Am. Acad xxii, 4<)7. f^tems several from ,i branching perennial caudex, slender, (1 inclies high or less, glabrous a Ixtve. lioary below with fine dense stellate pubescence : lower leaves spatuhHc- oblanceolate, rarely with one or two teeth, (>-}) lines long, the petioles sometimes ciliate; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, uuricidate, mostly gla- brous or nearly so: flowers 2-3 lines long, rose-colored ; sepals pubescent : p)d8 ascending or widely spreading, on short pedicels glabrous, curved 1- 2 inches long i)y ^4 of a line broad, more or less attenuated to a sessile stignui or short style: seeds in one row, orbicular, narrowly winged. In the mountains from northern California to Mount Adams Washington. Nevada, Wyoming, Montana and Brit. Columbia. A. Koehlerl (In honor of R. Koehler of the S. P. R. R., who has shown me many favors while botanizing in Oregon). Stems slender. 3-(> inches liigh from a perennial much branched woody caudex; lower leaves densely rosulate at the ends of the branching caudex, persistent, linear-lanceolate to spatulate, narrowed below but scarcely pet- ioled, G-12 lines long entire, canescent with stellate pubescence; cau- line leaves only one or two, broadly subulate, auriculate : racemes few- flowered; flowers scarlet 4-6 lines long: pods 2-3 inches long, ii line broad, often arcuate, erect on slender pedicels ; style very shorter none: seeds small, narrowly winged. On clins, etc., in the Coast Mount- ains of Douglas county, Oregon and along the Unipqua river at Roseburg, flowering early. A. Lyallli Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 122. Glabrous throughout or Bometimes stellate-pubescent below: stems several or many from a branched perennial caudex, 2-10 inches high : lower leaves spatulate to lineur-oblanceolate, usually 6-12 lines long, sometimes 2-3 inches long: the cauline narrowly lanceolate to oblong, sometimes scarcely auricled : flowers rose-color, 2-3 lines long ; sepals glabrous : pods erect or ascending, straight or nearly so, 1-2 inches long by %-l line broad, narrowed to a short style or sessile stigma ; valves 1-nerved, at least to the middle, veined : seeds orbicular narrowly winged in 1 row. On the highest peaks of the Cascade Mountains from Brit. Columbia to California, Montana and Utah. A. microphylla Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 1, 82. Stems slender, 2-6 inches high from a slender branching perennial caudex, somewhat hirsute at base with spreading hairs or nearly glabrate : lower leaves stellate pubescent, linear, acutish, 4-() lines long; cauline leaves few, sessile linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong : racemes few-flowured : flowers pale rose-olor to pink, 2-3 lines long: pods only 2-6 at the ends of the filiform branches, erect, 1-2 inches long by }4-K of a line wide: seeds sn^all, slightly winged. On rocky banks, eastern Oregon to Wyoming and Utah. A. Casickli Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 363, Villous-hirsute witli scattered spreading mostly simple hairs. Stems usually several from a biennial (?) root, 6-10 inches high, simple hirsute or glaferate above: rad- ical leaves linear-oblanceolate, hirsute and ciliate, 8-12 lines long; the up- ARAHIH. CRUCIFER/E. 46 |M'i- ()ne8 linear-obloiiK aixl rluH|>iiiK l>ut not auriculute, all entire or Hpar- i I i^'ly toothed : [)etalH white with purple veiuH, linear Hpatiiiate, ahmit 8 liiH'H lonKi twice aa lon^ UH the Huaringly pulH>H«'ent HcpalH an^ inches long by less than a line broad, on pedicels 1-3 lines long ; valves 1 -nerved to the middle : seeds small, orbicular, winged, in lor 2 rows. On dry pkiins, Blue Mountains and Harney valley Oregon, to the Rocky lAnantains and Brit. Columbia. A. arcuatt Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vi, 187 (?). More or less stellate- pubescent or hirsute : stems erect, 6 inches to 2 feet or more high from a ])en>nnial woody caudex, simple or branched , lower leaves spatulate, entire or denticulate aijute, 1.-2 inches long; cauline oblong-lanceolate, sagit- tate and clasping at base 6-12 lines long or more ; racemes rather few -flow- ered ; flowers pale nodding ; petals 3-4 lines long, white or purple, twice as long as the sepals: pods 1-4 inches long by a line or more broad erect and slightly curved or spreading and strongly falcate. On rocky ridges and dry plains, eastern Oregon and Washington to southwestern Oregon. A. snbplnnatiflda Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 353. Canescent with a very fine and dense stellate pubescence : stems 1 to several from a branch- ing somewhat woody base : lower leaves crowded and persistent, linear- oblanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed, 9-12 lines long; upper ones taiiceolate, coarsely and subpinufitifidly toothed : flowers pale pink, 3-() lines long: pods strongly reflexed, on pedicels 2-5 lines long, 1)^ lines broad, more or less attenuate to the short style, pubes- cent, slightly curved; valves 1-nerved to the middle and veined; seeds in one row, as broad as the partition, winged. On dry rocky ridges, south- western Oregon and and adjacent California to northwestern Nevada. 7 STREPTANTHUS Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil id. v, 134, t. 7 . Caulescent branching herbs with entire o/ toothed, or rarely pinnatitid leaves and purple white or yellowish flowers. Sepals o'ate or oblong usually colored, equal at base (rarely one or both pair Siiccate^, commonly connivent. Petals often without a di- iati'd blade, more or less twisted or undulate ; the claw chan- neled. Stamens 6, the longer pair often connate below. Antiiers more or less elongated, sagittate at base. Hods sessile upon the enlarged receptacle, oblong to narrowly linear compressed to sub- terete : vlves 1-nerved ; partition hyaline : stigma simple. Seeds flat, margined or winged. Cotyledons accumbent. Ours all of § Eiv'KLisiA T. & G. Fl. i, 67. Petals narrow, the blade but little if any broader than the claw, undulate crisped. Calyx clo.sed or with spreading tips. 8. orbiculatus Greene Fl. Francis. 268. Glabrous and glacous : stems erect from an annual or biennial root, 6-18 inches high, diffusely brancheil from the base : lowest leaves round obovate, very obtuse or even truncate, crenately or more remotely and repandly toothed, abruptly narrowed to a petiole Va long as the blade: middle cauline obovate-spatulate, auricled and clasi'ing ; uppermost orbicular, mostly entire, obtuse, sepals purple, 9TREPTANTHUH. CACLANTHIJS. CRUCIFER^E. 47 2-.') lines long, acute but not acuminate at length petaloid-dilated undulate ami whitish at the recurved ti^s : stamens in 3 unequal pairs, the upper part much the longest: torus dilated: pods 2 inches long, falcate, on as- cending pedicels strongly torulose ; i^'^eds wingless, though sometimes dis- tinctly but^very narrowly margined. On dry rocky ridgee of the Siskiyou Mountains to the Siena Nevadas. S. glandnlosas Hook Ic. t. 40(?). Sparsely setose-pubescent below, smooth above: stems erect from an annual root, 1-2 feet high, branching: lowest leaves broadly oval or obovate, nearly sessile, denta;:.e ; cauline leaves ovate, clasping by a broad base, the uppermost lanceolate and acuminate, entire or denticulate: flowers purple; sepals acuminate 2-3 lines long, somewhat pubescent or glabrate ; the purple petals a half longer : one pair of filaments connate below : pods \y^-2% inches long, less than a line wide, erect or ascending : seeds margined. Base of the Siski- you Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. S. longlrosti'is Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxv, 127. Arabis longirostns Watson Bot. King 17, t. 2, Brewer and Watson Bot. Cah r, 31. Glabrous and glaucous : stems erect 1-4 feet high from on annual root, branching from the base, radical leaves ovate-spatulate, entire or sparingly toothed : flowers spreading or reflexed purpUsh or white 2-3 lines long: 'sepals lin- ear, not closed over the ovary 2 lines long, the lower pair saccate at base, hut little shorter than the narrow petals: pods 1-2 inches long by a line broad, straight attenuate to a slender style, pendulous on short reflexed pedicels: seeds elliptical, winged. In alkaline or sandy localities, Wallula, Washington to Lower California and Utah. S. Howellii Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 353. Glabrous and glau- cous : the stout leafy simple stem 6-30 inches high from a perennial some- what fleshy root : lower leaves obovate-spatulate, 1-6 inches long coarsely repand-dentate ; the ui)per ones narrowly spatulate, entire not clasping: racemes elongated: pedicels 3-10 lines long not spreading: sepals purple, ovate, acute, 3 lines long more or less saccate ; the dark purple petals but little longer : filaments all distinct : pods 2-3 inches long by \%-2 lines broad, erect or spreading on stout pedicels: seeds oblong, winged. South- ern Oregon near Waldo, and on Stein's mountain, southeastern Oregon. 8 CAULANTHUS Watson Bot. King, 27. Stout perennial herbs with mostly pinnatifid leaves and duli- I colort'd flowers in long loose racemes. Sepals large, nearly equ- iiUy saccate at base. Petals but little lunger than the sepals, undulate-crisped, the blade only a somewhat dilated rhomhoidal [extension of the broad claw. Anthers linear s; ttate. Stigma [ 2-lobed or slightly emarginate. Pods sessile or with a short and thick stipe, terete, elongated ; valves convexed, more or less dis- |tinctly 1 -nerved. Seeds in one row oblong flattened emarginate or scarcely margined. Cotyledons more or less incumbent. C. hastatus Watson Bot. King 28, t. 3. Glabrous, stems st'^ut, 8-5 feet high from a perennial root : simple or somewhat branched : lea\ es very va- I riable, radical ones lyrate or entire the terminal leaflet much ihe largest, ovate, acute, hastate or truncate at base; cauline leaves ovate-oblong, en- tire, hastate, rounded or cuneate at base : flowers groenish-yellow, in a I loose virgate raceme, reflexed, sepals narrow-lanceolate, distinct : petals equaling the sepals, sublaciniately toothed laterally : pods linear, subterete, obtuse, spreading. On shadeu slopes in the Blue' Mountains of Oregoii to the Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains of Utah. 48 CRUCIFERiE. CACLANTHDS. DBNTARIA. n £ 111 C. pilosns Watson Bot. King, 27. Pilosely hispid : stems 2-4 feet higli from a biennial root, stout erect branched leaves petioled lyrately pinnat- ifid, the lobes sparingly angular- toothed : flowers greenish white on spread- ing iiedicels, the oblong petals narrowed above, 4 lines long : pods slender | 3-6 inches long by less than a line in diameter, flexuous, widely spreading or recurved. In sandy soil in "sage brush," etc., southeasterti Oregon to Nevada and California. C. crassicanlls Watson 1. c. Glabrous : stem simple, erect, 1-3 feet high, very thick, fistulous : leaves chiefly clustered at or near the base, o )- lanceolate in outline, lyrately toothed or pinnatifid, 2-6 inches long; caa- line leaves few, much reduced, linear or somewhat hastate: floweis subsessile, large: sepals oblong-lanceolate 5-6 lines long, more or lesb pul)- 1 escent, usually densely so, often velvety : pods ascending, slender, terete 4-6 inches long terminated by the conspicuous stigma. On dry foothills and rocky slopes Idaho to Utah and southern Caliturnia . 9 DENTARIA Tourn. Inst. 225, t. 110; L. Gen. No. 540. Sepals equal at base, erect or nearly so. Petals much longer with slender claw and ovate blade. Pods linear, straight with stout firm nerveless flat valves that do not separate elastically, and nerveless partition. Stigma short, capitate or rarely 2-lobe(l. Seeds in one row, wingless ; cotyledons often thick more or less unequal and somewhat oblique, p^tiolate. Low, usually gla- brous perennials with commonly simple stems, variously lobed leaves and comparatively large campanulate flowers in veryl early spring. r D. teaella Pursh Fl. ii, 439. Btems slender 3-10 inches high from an irregular branching or tuberiferous rootstock : radical leaves shi llowly 3-6Tobed or coarsely toothed, 6-18 lines long, the petioles often Learing bulblets on their underground portion : cauline leaves 1-2, sessile, deeply 3- lobed or 3-foliolate with linear or linear-lanceolate entire obtuse segments, 6-12 lines long; racemes few-flowered, terminal and sometimes axillary: flowers rose-purple : pods 1-2 inches long by a line broad, attenuate to a slender style and a broad distinctly 2-]ctij^ stigma. Very common in woods, western Oregon and Washington, flowering in very early spring. D. giunata Greene Pitt, iii, 123. Cardnmine aiwata Greene Eryth. i, 148. Stems 6-18 inches high from tuberous roots, simple or sparingly branched : radical leaf simple from round-reniform to almost oroicular, cordate at base 2-3 inches broad, sinuately lobed, the 9-15 lobes obtuse or almost truncate, conspicuouslv mucronate ; cauline leaves 2 or 3, divided 3t5 more or less cuneate leaflets which are lobed or coarsely toothed at j the apex: racemes lax, few -flowered : flowers large, rose-purple; pods 1V3 inches long, conspicuously rostrate. Among the "Redwoods" near Cres- cent City, California, iiO doubt in adjacent Oregon. D. pnlcherrima Greene 1. c. Cardamine pulcherrima, Greene I. c. Stoutisn, stems 4-8 inches high from a rather slender horizontal root; herbage glabrous, somewhat succulent : radical leaf palmately 3-5-lobe(l- partecf-or-divided, with entire lobes or divisions j cauline leaves 1 or 2, when solitary situated near the inflorescence, digitately 3-6 parted into oblong-linear or lanceolate segments an i"ch long more or less : racemes short, few-flowered ; petals 6-10 lines long, lilac-purple veined with dark Eurple. In shaded places, eastern Oregon and Washington near The >alles. D. qnercetornm Greene 1. c. Cardamine qtiercetorum, Howell, Eryth. iiif 33. Glabrous : stems slender, 6-12 inches high from a branching scaly root ; radical leaf 3-5-foliolate; 'eaflets elliptical, coarsely dentate, 1-2 inches DKNTABIA. CABDAMINE. ORUCIFER^l. 49 llonfi ijetioliilate; cauline leaves 1-4, mostly 3-5-lol)ed or-paiiecl, with oblong- jlanccolate acute, mostly entire vlivisions: racemes densely many-flowered: Ipctals rose-purple, halt inch long: fruit not known. Under smuU oaks along Itlic creek, Silveiion, Oregon. 1). getaniuta> Cardamine Gemmata Greene Pitt, i, 162. Stems rather Istont, 8-8 inches high from a round or oblong tuber 4-10 lines in diameter: Iradical leav-. ternate, the leaflets broad and somewhat quatlrate, coaraely ItodtUed; caulipj leaves 1-3, pinnately divided into 5-7 linear-oblong mucron- jiite, entire or toothed segments: racemes short, several-flowered; petals pur- |])1(', 5-8 lines long. In wet places, eastern base of the Coast Mountains Inear Waldo Oregon, flowering in very early spring; often in Janufciy to iMareh. 1). Callfornica Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i 88. Cardamine paucisecta Benth. IPI. Hartw. 297. Smooth or slightly pubescent: stems stoutish, ()-]8 J inches high from small deep-seated tubers, simple or branched; lower leaves I simple or trifqliolate, the leaflets pitiolulate, suborbicular, cuneate to sub- Icordate at base, sinuate or coarsely toothed ; cauline leaves 2-4, mostly Isliort-petioled, pinnately 3-5 -f oliolate, rarely simple or lobed; leaflets mostly |]ietioiulate, ovate to lanceolate or linear, entire or toothed, 1-3 inches ^ong, jtiowers white or rose-color: pods 1-2J inches long: seeds obloug; cotyledons I thick, the radical decidedly oblique, cleft to the middle. Along streams, I southwestern Oregon to southern California. 10 CARDAMINE Tourn. Inst. 224, t. 109, L. Gen. n. 812. Annual or perennial herbs of moist or wet places with simple lor pinnate leave'- and mostly small flowers in elongated ra- cemes. Sepal. ,-l at base erect or more or less spreading. Petals obovate siarrowly spatulate. Pods linear, with some- what thickenau margins merely beaked or pointed above. Valves flat, nerveless, opening elastically from the base. Seeds in 1 row, wingless. Cotyledons accumbent or slightly overlap- I ping the radical, more or less petiolate. C. belUdifolia L. Sp. ii. 654. Glabrous perennial: caudex much I branched, somi^what fleshy, stem? vciy short, tufted: lowerSeaves ovate or elliptical, sometimes subcordate usually obtuse, obscurely 3-lobed, or |.»ii*ely with one or two lateral teeth, 1-6 lines long, on long slender petioles: ped uncles 3-24 lines long: flowers few, white or pinkish; sepals white, oblong, a line long; petals spatulate, narrowed below to a slender claw, very ob- tuse or ti'uncate above twice as long as the sepals: pods erect, 6-15 lines long, on pedicels 2-3 lines long; style very short and stout, radical cleft to the middle. On Mount Shasta and Lassen's Peak California to Crater Lake I Oregon and Alaska, C. Lyallii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xxii,466. Glabrous: rootatock I creeping: stems erect, simple or branched o-18 inches high: leaves 4-8, neti- oled undivided, roniform to cordate, the margin sinuate, 1-3 inches broad: the upper triangular, cordate, subaciiminate: racemes pedunculate; flowers I white, 3-4 line* long: pods erect on spreading pedicels 10-12 lines long, rather shortly attenuate to a very short style: radical cleft to the middle. I Along brooks in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains. C. callosicrenata Piper Bot. Gaz. xxi, 488. "Perfectly glabrou tliroughout; stems erect, purplish below, shining above, coarsflly striate, leaves all similar and pinnately trifoliolate, or some of the radical rarely sim- ple; terminal leaflet orbicular, 2-5 lines long and nearly as broad, closely crenatc or the uppermost lol)ed, the crenatioris tipped with a short, blunt cal- w CRUCIFERvE, CABDAMINE. lous point; lateral leaflets ovate, entire, mostly obtuse, 1()-13 lines lou^-; rii ceme ample: flowers wliite: pods 25-30 lines long, erect on widely sprca!)! ing pedicels: style stout: seeds light brown, about 20 in each pod. l| springy places, Spokane July 2nd and Sept. 27, 1896." C. V. Piper. C. Brewerii Watson Proc. Am. Acad, x, 339. Glabrous or sliglitM pubescent at base: stems erect or decumbent at base, a foot or more liiirJ from slender running rootstoolis; radical leaves simple or with a pair of sinHll lateral leaflets, round-cordate, entire or coarsely sinuate-toothed, the caulinl with rounded and sinuate or lobed leaflets, the upper niore oblong or lancetJ late: petals 2 hues long wliite: pods 8-15 lines long, obtuse or scarceliT beaked with the short style, ascending on pedicels 2-4 lines long : radi(iii.| scarcely cleft. In the mountains and along the coast, Brit. Columbia tj California and Nevada. C. angulata Hook. Fl. i, 44. Glabrous or sparsely hirsute: stcmj rather slender, simple, 1-2 feet high from long runiahig rootstocks: leavoJ all 3-folioiate or sometimes 5-foliolate ; leaflets tiiangular-oyate to oblong, usually cuneate at base and coarsely 3-5 toothed or the laierjil ones entiie] the terminal ones not greatly larger than the lateral, about r»n inch long ex- ceeding the petioles: racemo ohort, few-flowered: petals wbite, 5-7 lines Ions; pods about an incli long attenuate to the stoat style, spreading on divaril cate pedicels. In damp woo.ls, Oregon to Brit. Columbia. C. occiden talis. C. pratensis var occidentali Watson in Gray Syn. FJi i, 158. Minutely hirsute below : stems slentler, 4-10 inches high fronl small oblong tubers, paniculately branched: leaves mostly radical, pinnntef leaflets 3-5 pairs, obovate or oblong to linear, 1-4 lines long sparingly {lenl tate, the terminal one the largest: racemes short, several-flowered; petail white, a line long, but little longei- than the sepals: pods filiform an inclil long by lesbthau half a line wide, abruptly contracted to the sessile stignial ta length erect on spreailing pedicels: seeds minute, oblong. In open \vei| places about the mouth of the Willamette river. C. pratensis L. Spec, ii, 65<>. Glabrous or somewhat pubescent bel low: stems erect from a fibrous-rooted tuber, 10-16 inches high: leaves piul nately 7-13 foliolate; leaflets mostly entire, often petiolulate, those of thfl radical leaves roundish, of the cauline oblong to linear: flowers whitel usually in a l*oad corymb, 2-6 lines long: pods 3-15 lines long by a 'inej wide^ tipped with a short thick style. In Avet places, Willamette valley, p Oreo-on to Alaska and the northeastern states and Labrador. C. parviflora L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1131. Very slender, glabrous nrj sparingly pubescent stem su')simple, erect or nearly so, 6-18 inches nii;li| from a fascicle of delicate fibrcus roots: leaves pinnately parted into severall pairs of small leaflets, those of the lower leaveti oblong to suborbicular, nil the upper linear: flowers small; petals oblong-cuneiform, longer than tliel ovate obtuse sepals: pods about an inch long, erect upon spreading pedi(;ele.[ In damp woods, Oregon to the New England states. C. Pennsylvanlca Muhl. in Willd. Spec, iii, 486 Nearly or quite glal brous: stems a foot or two high from a fascicle of slen'ler fibrous roots, | leafy and branching: leaves pinnately 3-15 foliolati^; leaflets of the lowerl leaves roundish or short-oblong; of tlie upper oblong with rohnded apex audi nari'owed base commonly more or less decurrent upon the rachis, usualljf half inch or more long and 1-3 lines broad: petals white, a line or two l(»n!;:| pods suberect upon ascending pedicels. <;alifornia to Alaska and across tlie| continent to the Atlantic states. C. ollgospernia Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 85. Hirsute to nearly gla| brous: stems slender, 3-12 inches lilgh from an annual fibrous root, leaves i " pinnate; leaflets 3-5 rm-n, roundish, 1-0 lim:? in diameter, obtusely 3-5- 1 reticu?^toil SDAMINX, PLATYSPEBMUM. LBSQDERELLA. CRUCIFERiE. M lobeil, petiolate: petn^a 1-1 l-a li"*^^ longi twice longer than the sepals; pods iiw, somewhat corynibed at the end of the branches, 5-9 linos long by half 11 line erect: style very short. In upland foreeta central California to Vaii- couver Jsland west of the Cascade Mountains. Tribe II. Alysmiese, DC Fruit short, orbicular elliptical or Hhort-oblong, rarely more elongated lanceolate or linear, ahvays more or less compressed paraUel to the yartition, 1-2-celled and l-many-seeded. Valves pit or moderately convex. Cotyledons (ircumbent or very rarely i-rsumhent. * Pods strongly compressed parallel to the broad partition. 2 PLATYSPERMUM Hook. Fl. i, fiS t. 18%. B. Small winter annuals witli simple or pinnatifid leaves and small white solitary flowers on simple scapes. Sepals broad, e(|ual, ereet. Petals obovate, entire or retuse. Pods sessile orbic- ular strongly coinpressed, with flat nerveless and hyaline parti- tion. Stigma sessile, simple. Seeds 4-() in each cell, in 2 rows reticu?"lcd orbicular and broadly winged. Cotyledons accum- bent. P. scapigrernm Hook 1. c. Leaves lyrately pinnatifid with few lobes or reduced to a single rhombic or ovate toothed, or entire blade upon a slender petiole : scapes at length 3-0 inches long ascending : flowers about a line long; petals narrowly obovate to iinear-spatulate, short unguiculate, not exceeding the erect sepais: pods orbicular to oblong or obovate 3-4 lines long. Common in moist places Brit Columbia to California, chiefly east of the Cascade Mountains. * * Pods very turgid : partition bvoad, nerved from the top to the rniddle. 12 LESQUERELLA Watson Proc. Am. Ac&d. xxiii, 249. VESICARLi of authors as to the American plants. " •' Low caulescent annual or perennial herbs witii stellate, often dense or white- lepidote pubescence, entire or repand -dentate leaves and mostly yellow flowers. Petals spatulate to oblong- obovate entire. Filaments filiform or rarely dilated: anthers sagittate. S+igma flat, capitate entire or lobed. Pods more or less turgid, rounded or ovate or short-oblong with nerveless valves ; and a hyaline partition nerved from the apex to the mid- dle, several to many-seeded, sessile or stipitate. Seeds rounded, flat, wingless or rarely narrowly margined. Cotyledons accum- bent. L. occidentalis Watson 1. c. 251. Canescent with a dense, appressed, scurffy, obscurely stellate, silvery pubfscence : stems many from a fleshy branching caudex, decumbent, 4-12 inclies long or more : lower leaves ob- lanceolate, attt»nute at base, 1-4 inches long including the petiole, mostly coarsely sinuate-dentate ; cauline leaves spatultite-oblanceolate, mostly en- tire : petals spatulate, 3-6 lines long ; style very slender about 2 lines long : pods compressed-globose, acutish, 2-4 lines long sessile upon a more or less flexuous pedicel 4-8 lines long. Sandy or stony hillsides, Washington to northern California east of the Cascade Mountains. k i i ^V^tSi 52 CHUCIPEU^. PHT8ARIA. P8II.ONEMA. ill L. Donglasli Watson I. (■• 118. Cant-Hcent throughout with fine ap- pressed pubescence : stems usually simple, from a simple caudex : leaves I ovate to oblanceolatG or linear mostly entire : petals spatulate, 3-4 lini-s long : pods olxjvate, very obtuse, erect on spreading pedicels ; cells 2- 1 ovuled. On the mountains of eastern Oregon and "Washington. * * * Po(l8 (Hdymous with narrow nerveless partition. 12 PHYHARIA Gray Gen. 111. i, 162. Low stellately canescent perennial herbs with mostly entire | leaves and yellow flowers. Petals spatulate to oblong, entire. Filaments filiform. Anthers sagittate. Pods didymous: witli a short narrow partition : cells inflated, nearly globular, mev^G. Fl. i, 108. Pubescent with minute appresscd atellat« Uairii atemu simple or bianehed, >^-2 inches high, from white. 54 CRUCIFERiE. OR AHA. i ii '»! an annual root, leafy, radical leaves o\ateto ovate-oblong, petioled, 5-7 lines long; upper ones oblong-lanceolate to linear; racemes many-flowertd, strict, elongated in fruit: petals obovate, very slightly emarglnate: pods nar- rowly oblong, glabrous, 1-2 lines long, about the length of the pedicels ; valvesmarked with a median nerve and obscurtly veined; cells 4-tt seeded. Wet places. Willtniette Valley (near Coburg) Oregon , and Missouri to Virginia, Loiiisiana and Georgia. » # ♦ few- High mountain and northern species with entire or toothed leaves and small yellow flowers. tStigma sessile. 1). iiemorosa, L. sp. ii, ($4.3. Pubescent with white branching hairs : stem slender, 4-8 inclien high, branching from near the base, leafy: leaves ovate to lanceolate, sparsely toothed: petals einarginate small, yellow: pods narrowly oblong, hulf the length of the spreading pedicel*, minutely pul»escrtnt. On moist grassy slo|>es, Oregon to the Arctic Circle and the Great Lakes. 1). Intea, Gilib. FI. Lithuana, iv, 46. D. neiiiorosa var. leiocarpa Lindb. Sparingly hirsute: stems verv slendwr, often nearly or quite leafless: pedicel.s coarsely exceeding or even shorter than the glabrous pods , In moist places and river banks, valley of the Columbia, D. stenoloba, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 152. '^tems slender, simple, or branch- ing l)elow, villous towards the base: leaves mostly subrosulate, oblong-lan- ceolate or oblaaceolate, mostly entire, usually more or less villous and ciliate : pods linear, acute, glabrous, 4-7 lines long, equaling or exceeding the spreading pedicels. Subalpine, from the Sierra Nevadaa to Colorado and Oregon, and northwestward to Unalaska. § 3 Dkab;ea Lindb. Linnava xiii, 318. Perennials with bran- ching leafy-tufted caudcx, and soft flat not carinate leaves. Leaves entire, less than 6 lines long. Flowers yellow. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 354. Minutely stellate-pu- bescent throughout: loosely cespitose: scapose stems about 3 inches high: leaves rosulate, broadly spatulatie entire or rarely obtusely toothed, 3-5 lines long: petals oblanceolate, oMuse, 3-4 lines long, much exceeding the oval yellow sepals: pods pubescent, oblong, acute, 3-4 lines long, beaked with the sender style. On high rocky ridges of the Siskiyou Mountains near Pi-eston peak, 1). Lemmoni Watson, Bot. Cal. ii, 430. Leaves crowded at the sum- mit of the stout branched caudex, broadly oblanceolate, obtuse or obtusish, 2 to 4 lines long with long bi-anching hairs on the margins and loosely scat- tered over the surface: scapes and corymbed pedicels pubescent with spreading hairs: flowers nearly 3 lines long: pods o^ -• le-lanceolale, beaked with a very short thick style, sparingly hairy, 3 Ii'" og, rather exceeding the pedicels. Peaks of tiie Sierra Nevadas to t. Ilowa Mountains in eastern Oregon. D. veiitosa« Gray, Am. Nat viii, 212. Cespitohe, the slender branches of the caudex more or less densely leafy: leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or aciitish, densely stellate-pubescent or glabrate: petals 1-3 lines long, much exceeding tlie broad obtuse stellate-pubescent or glabrate sepals: pods ovate to oblong-lanceolate, densely pubescent or glabrate, on ascending pedicels: style short and slendei'. Stein Mountain sontlieastern Oregon to northwestern Wyoming) Utah and Nevada. * Scapose. D. Howellli, * * PcapcB rarely with a single leaf : leaves entire or rarely few- toothed : flowers wnite. D. iKTlpet DC. Sytt. ii, 346. Caudex with numerous slender matt^ DRARA. COCHLKARIA. CRUCIFERiE. 55 [irauchea: leaves oblanccolate. obtuse or acutish, entire, with a stout midnerve, taiii'scent with Hhort ileuse stellate pubescence; scapes very sleiuler, pubes- cent; pods few, on smooth pedicels, 4-8 lines long, glabrous: style short [ind stout; stigma 2-lol)ed. On Mount Adams Washington to the Rocky loiintains and Brit, Columbia. * * * Caulescent : stem few-many-leaved ; leaves entire few-toothed : flowers yellow. 1). aureola "Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 430. Rather densely stellate-pubescent throughout: eaudex simple or branched: stem simple. J -4 inches high: (eaves numerous, 4-6 lines long, oblanceolate, obtuse, entire; the cauline oblong: racemes short and dense: calyx glabrous: pods broailly oblong, ob- tuse, pubescent, on short spreading pedicels: style short and stout. On {the high peaks of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains. 4 Aizopsis DC. Sy.st. ii, 832. Loaves linciir, entire, becbm- ling rigid Avith reflexed margins, and earinate by the prominent Iniidnerve. Densely cespitose and scapose })erennials. D. glabella Adams Menr*.. tSoc. Nat. Mosc. v. lOG. Alpine or subalpine : jleavea linear or linear-oblanceolate, more or less densely stellate-pubescent, Isometimes ciliate at base, pods ovate to ovatt' oblong, acute, usually finely Ipubescent, 1-4 lines long: ntyle |-J line long. In the high mountains of I California and eastern Oregon to the Arctic Circle and the Rocky Mt's 1). denslfolia Nutt. T. & G. Fl.i, 104 Densely cespitose in somewhat glo- Ibose tufts: leaves closely imbricated, short and rigid, strongly ciliate, glab- Irousor hirsute with nearly simple hairs: scapes naked, hirsute: pods ovate, pubescent, 4-6-seeded ; the valves only moderately convex: style about j I the length of the pod. Alpine, Idaho to California, Nevada and Utah. 1). DoaglAsii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vii,328. Braija Oregonensis Gray I. \c. :rvii, 199. Densely cespitose, )^-2 inches high, verv leafy : leaves oblan- ceolate to linear-spatulate, acute, somewhat rigid, ciliate, sessile, 4-() lines I long : peduncles scarsely exceeding the leaves : pods ovate, subterete, acute at each end, attenuate upwards to the long slender style, pubescent : ovules I only 2, rarely 4, in each cell, pendent from near the apex of the cell: seeds very large. On the high hills in wet gravely places, Klickitat Co. Wash. to California. 17 COCHLEARIA Tourn. Inst. 215, t. 101, L. Gen. n. 803. Low glabrous and somewhat succulent herbs with mostly en- tire leaves and small white flowers. Sepalf? short and broad, rounded at the apex : petals obovate or cuneate very short ungui- culate. Stamens straight, free. Style slender, sometimes very short. Stigma simple or nearly so. Pods subglobose to short oblong often somewhat obcomj)ressed, very turgid : valves dis- tinctly 1 -nerved. Seeds 2-several, in 2 rows in each cell. Coty- ledons accumbent. -/ ' C. Anglica L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1128 & 8i)ec. ed 2, ii, 903. (?) Radical leaves long-petiolecl, ovate or suborbicular rounded at the base or slightly and broadly cordate, subentire ; lower cauline similar, short petioled, the middle and upper ones ovate-oblong sparingly and bluntly toothed, sessile by a more or less auriculate base : pods subglobose reticulated with promi- nent veins. Shores of bogs, etc., Oregon to Alaska. Tribe III. Sisymhriex DC. Pods longitudinally dehiscent their whole length, 1-celled, linear to oblong. Seeds in 1 row, not mar' 99> CRUCIFER/K. MOPHIA. KKY8IMVM. fjinrd. f^ntylrdonH plane, incuwhent. 18 HOPHIA L. Syst. ed. 1 AdaniH Fam. ii, 417. SISYMBRIUM of anthoi'H an to our phtntit. Erect branching annuals with pinnalely multifid leaves am small yellow flowers. Pubescence branched. Sepals oblong toj linear, usually spreading. Stamens (>, free and unappendagei Pods ascending or somewhat spreading, on slender j)edicels oli-l long-linear, subterete, less than an inch long. Style short or none. Stigma entire. S. ptnnata Erymnum pinnatum Walt. {1788). Sisymbrium caneiccnA Nutt. {1818). Canescently pubescent: steins (5-30 inches high: leaves 1-J- pinnatifld, the segments toothed or pinnatifid: pi'tals equaling the sepals, a line long or less: pods oblong or linear-oblong, nearly or quite aline broad, y-tt li-:e8 long, acute at each end, shorter than the slender spread- ing pedicels : seeds ovate-oblong, Vs hne long, in 2 rows in each cell. ' Eastern Oregon and Washington t(» southern California, Florida and Brit, Columbia. 8. liidsa Greene Pitt, iii, 95. Sisymbrium incisum Engehn. Pubos-I cence short, more or less glandular : stems 1-4 feet high : leaves pinnate, the segments from linear to oblong, pinnatifid or sometimes entire : pet- als about l}4 lines long : potls nearly linear, often ^ inch long, usually pointed at each end and 8-12 seeded, sometimes much shorter and few- 1 seeded. Valley of the Snake River to Nevada and Colorado. S. Hartweglana Greene 1. c. Sisymbrium Hartwegianum Fovrn. Slender, subglabrous or finely glandular-puberulent : leaves pinnate ; leaf- ] lets lanceolate or narrowly oblong, obtuse and obtusely or acutely toothed: pods 1)^-3 lines long, erect on ascending or erect pvidieels as long: seeds sometimes imperfectly biseriate. Eastern Oregon and Washington to Cal- ifornia, Colorado and British Columbia. S. longlpedicellata. Sisymbrinm longipedicellatum Fonrn. Slender, 6-8 inches high, nearly or quite glabrous: lower leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, the upper pinnate with few elongated linear nearly or quite entire segments: fruiting racemes lax: pods 6-7 lines long, erect ods 2-6 lines long somewhat obcompressed, obtuse at base and scarcely attenuate above, beaked with the short thick style, valves faintly nerved: seeds small, 10 or more in each cell ; cotyledons obliquely incumbent. Southeastern Ore- |gon to northern California. 21 SCHCENOCRAMBE Greene Pitt, iii, 127. Glaucous perennial herbs, the stems from horizontal branch- ling rootstocks, often sparingly leafy and the whole plant of a reedy aspect. Sepals equal at base. Petals yellow, the limb small in proportion to the long and broad claw fthis much as in StieptanthusJ. Pods slender terete, somewhat torulose, the I valves nerveless or faintly 1-nerved. Stigma entire. S. lliilfolia Greene 1. c. Sisymbrium linifoliam Nutt. Stems numer- ous slender, branching, erect, 1-2 feet high : lowest leaves somewhat bpat- ulate, often coarsely few-toothed ; cauline oblong-linear to narrowly lin- ear, obtuse, entire, 1-2 inches long : racemes rather few-flowered, lax in fruit : flowers 2-3 lines long : fruiting pedicels 4-5 lines long the slender pods about 1)^ inches long, ascending or subv'rect: seeds elongated, scarcely compressed. On clayey bluffs and bankit', Oregon and Washington to Montana and Wyoming. .. Tribe IV. Stanley a.'. Pods longitudinally 2-celled dehiscent their whole length, terete or prismatic, borne xipon a more or less manifest stipe. Stigma mostly circular in outline, sessile. Coty- ledons incumbent. > ;iw, ■ 22 THELYPODIUM Endl. Gen. 876. Mostly coarse and succulent biennial or annual herbs with entire or pinnatifid leaves and white purple or rarely yellow flow- ers in usually dense elongated racemes. Sepals equal or the lat- eral pair saccate at base, at length somewhat spreading. Petals plane, long and narrow or with a well developed blade. Stamens (), Avell exserted ; filaments long and slender ; anthers narrowly linear, sagittate at base curved or coiled. Stig.na usually small. Pods slender, terete or quadrangular, often torulose, borne upon a short thick stipe. Seeds in 1 row somewhat compressed. w CRUCIFERJ!:. rilKI-YI'ODlUM. Cotyledons more or less ol)lim and the radical U'aveH villouH witli ftnreadinj iuiirs : HteinB erect, Blender, nparinnly branched or simple, ;li,| simple or branched; leaves all petioled l-(> inches or more long, lanceolate| to broadly oblong, laciniately pinnatifid or coarsely and equsuly sinuate- toothed: racemes long and crowded: sepals narrowly lanceolate, acunii- 1 nate 3-4 lines long, al)out half as long as the linear-spatulate petals: aii-l thers long-exserted : pods 2-3 inches long pointed with the slender style, distinctly stipitate, erect on short stout dtvaricately spreading pedicVli', Among rocks, etc., at the base of cliffs alon^the Columbia, river in Oregonl and Waihington to California and Nevada. spam-rya. IIKAYA. CRUCIFKH.1']. 50 |T. Uttlophyllnm Greeiu' Hull. Torr. dub xiii, 142. SUijinhniim re- 1,(0/1 Nutt. I'roc. Acad, I'hilnil. Hi, Jfl, Erect annuiil, liiHpid'la'low, often Vdi'iliisli altove: leiivt'fl ohlanwoliito or oMonij; in outliiiu irrennlarly sin- jitt'-tnotiiecl or v>iiuuitiH(l witli fproudinj? lunitf or ohtuHo entirf or toothed ijimiitB l"n-H inches loniij, petiolod, or tin- upper eoHHile by a narrow iHc; flowerH flmall, roHentc or yellowiHli white; nepalH oblong, little more Inn half aH long as the Hpatulate-oblong petals: fruiting pedicels %-\% jit'H long, curved: pods UHually deHexed, slender, slightly curveil, attem- ite iit apex ; stigma entire. Sandy and rocky soil, easttirn Washington to UltDrniuand Utah. 23 STAN LKYA Nutt. den. ii, 21. Stout biennial or iMTcnnial herbs witb entire or fow-tootlied laves and wbite to yellow ilowcrs in ('Ion|j;ated niany-Howcrcd Icenios. Calyx long, cylindrical or clavate in bud, at length ^roiiding. Petals long and narrow, slender-clawed ; stamens (>, I'o. Anthers linear, not sagittate, spreading. Htignia sessile titire. Pods terete, or subterete. borne on a slender stipe; Ives slender, 1-nerved. Seeds oblong, in 1 row. Cotylede is icinnbent. 18. virldlllora Nntt . T. cfe G. Fl. i, 98. Glabrous : stt'ms stout, mostly uple erect or Homewhat decuml)ent, 1-4 feet high, angulate : leavcf jickish, the lower ones ovate to oblanceolate sometimes a little angled u: Incinately l-2-toothed or even pinnatifid at the base, attenuate below Ito long fiat winged antl often somewhat toothed petioles ; middle cauline m-eolate-hastate, acute, entire gradually reduced upwards: racemes long, lually simple ; pedicels stoutish 3-4 lines long, spreading : buds becoming lines long and scattered before oix'uing by the rapi«l growth of the axis bwers greenish, t)ods very narrow, 3-4 inches long, on stipes (i-lO lines [i^. Oregon and Nevada to Wyoming and Montana. confertiflora. »S', vindijiom var. confertiflora, Rohinmn in Gray Mn. h. i, 178. Glabrous : stems usually simple, terete 1-3 feet high": lives obovate or lanceolate, usUally entire, upper ones clasping and sag- jiitc: racemes densely nuiny-nowered, buds 4-5 lines long densely jcked together until theyojien : sepals and petals linear, white: jjods nar- |w, 8-12 lines long, stipes more than half as lon^ as the pods, on slender varicate pedicels <}-8 lines long. On alkaline plains at the base of Stein's lountain, southeastern Oregon. {Tribe V. Cavielinen'. Pods short, scarcely longer than broad, ohcompresaed orhicidar-ohorate to elliptical or linear-ohlong. f)tyIedons acciimbent. 24 BRAYA Sternb. & Hoppe Regensb. Denkschr. i, pt. 1. i«S. Perennial herbs from a usually thiekish single root having a [ulticipital eaudex, ehiefly tufted, entire or merely dentate ives and wliite or purplish flowers in a globular her/1. Sepals kort, rounded at apex, etjual at base. Petals exsorted, entire, lort-clawed. Stamens (i, free and unappcndaged. Anthers kort-ovate. Style short, persistent. Stigma more or less dis- ictly 2-lobed. Pods oblong to linear -oblong, with flatfish or bnvex faintly 1-nerved not keeled valves. Cotyledons incum- }nt, IB. hauiUlg Robinson in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 141. Siaymbrium hmnile, C. A. \tycr in Ledtb. Fl. Alt. Hi, IS7. Pubescent throughout with branched 60 CRUCIFKR40. % -ill rA.MKM.VA. HUltiriiAKIA. hairs; root single, not strongly thickened! stems several, spreading ascending simple or branched leafy, 2-10 inches high, terete, slender wirvl leaves linear-oDlong or spatulate, subentire to shallowly sinuate pinnatHi'ilT chiefly basal, the cauline rather small and remote: flowers small, white ol puri>hsh : pods linear, terete, more or less torulose, erect, 5-9 lines lonJ partition nerveless. Alaska to Oregon and Willoughby Mountaif Vermont. 25 i, 17. CAMELINA Crantz Fl, Aust. Erect annuals with sagittate-clasping entire or dentate to ])iiil natifid leaves and pale yellow or white flowers. Sepals shortj oblong, obtuse thin-margined, subequal at base, more or less col ored, often villous. Petals spatulate or obovate, unguiculata Stamens 6, free and unappendaged. Style slender : stigma m\ pie. Pods obovoid 2-celled, many-seeded, with a broad thin obJ void persistent pai-tition and somewhat firm strongly convel valves. Seeds in 2 rows in the cells wingless. Cotyledoiij incumbent. C. SATiVA Crantz 1. c. Stems simple or sparingly branched abovl 1-4 I'eet high leafy, nearly glabrous or somewhat hirsute : leaves erect ei[ tire or nearly so: flowers rather small, light yellow: fruiting pedia'j spreading, pods obovate, liecoming 3-4 lines long three-fourths as broaJ glabrous, margined, finely reticulate and slightly ribbed upon the facei An introduced weed becoming common from Seattle Washington, to Calj ifornia and across the continent. 26 SUBULARIA L. Gen. n. 799. Dwarf stemless aquatic herbs with tufted subulate leaves aiil few minute white flowers. Pods small, ovoid, slightly coij pressed contrary to the partition. Style none, valves convex, nerved. Seeds several in each cell, not margined. Cotylec'cii] incumbent. S. aqaatica L. Sp. ii, 642. Htems elender, 1-3 inches high,fri)i slender running rootstocks with numerous fibrous rootlets ; leaves sulm late, usually shorter than the scape : flowers scattered, less than a liiJ long, the petals not exserted : pods 1% lines long, about equaling tho m icels, obtuse. Edge of ponds, etc., Vancouver Island to California, Wyl ming, Maine, New Hampshire aud Canada. Tribe VI. Bruadcem, DC. Pods elongated, terete or somewhi prismatic, often torulose, usually partially or wholly dehimm by 2 valves, 2-celled with a longitudinal membranous partitioi Seeds in 1 or 2 rows in the cells. Cotyledons conduplicate. Petal well developed. 12 BRASSICA Tourn. Inst. 218 t. 106 L. Gen. n. 820. Coarse erect annual or biennial herbs of European or Asiati] origin with usually (at least the lowest) leaves lyrate and con paratively large yellow flowers. Sepals equal, or one pairoftel saccate at base. Anthers long, sagittate at base. Pods liiieaf nearly terete or somewhat 4^sided, pointed with a conical beak iiij stipitate, with 1-3 nerved valves. Seeds in 1 row globose, iiol margined. BCRSA. HCTCHIN8IA. CRUCIFER.E. 61 B. CAMPE8TRI8 L. Sp. U, 0(36, Aiinual or sometimes biennial, smooth, 2-3 et liigh : lower leaves more or less glaucous pinnately divided with a large ^rminal lobe, the upper leaves oblong or lanceolate with a broad claap/ng lurioulate base: flowers 3-4 lines long: pods nearly terete 2 inches long or Lore, 2 lines wide, ascending on spreading pedicels; the stout beak 8-10 pneH long. Cultivated fields, etc., B, NIGRA Koch in Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, iv, 713. Glabrous or with Dine scattered spreading hairs, annual, branching. )^-12 feet high: leaves 111 petioled, the lower lyrate with the terminal segment very large and leeply lobed ; upper leaves lobed or entire : petals 3-4 lines long twice the Wth of the yeUowish sepals: pods closely appressed, 4 angled, 6-9 lines me, sharply beaked with the long style ; seeds aark brown. In cultivated leWs. Introduced from Europe. Tribe VII lApidineoe DC. Pods short, 2-celUd. strongly oh- nmpressed, dehiscent. Cotyledons accumbent or incumbent. Pabes- mce wholly simple. 28 BURSA Weber in Wigg. Fl. Hols. 27, (1780). Low annual with oblong or oblanceolate leaves, small white lowers in elongated racemes, and cuneate-obcordate pods, Se])- jls ovate, obtuse, thin-margined, not saccate at base. Petals inall, spatulate. Stamens free and unappendaged. Style almost lone. Pods obcordate, the valves carinate, strongly compress- ll contrary to the narrow, thin and nerveless partition. Coty- bdons incumbent. I B. BuRSA-PASTORis Weber 1. c. More or less hirsute at base, otherwise labrous: stems 6-18 inches high, branching: radical leaves mostly runcin- p-pinnatifid, 1-6 inches long ; cauline lanceolate, auricled at base, toothed ' eniire-: pods cuneate-triangular or truncate-emarginate above, 1-2 lines |mg and broad : pedicels widely spreading : seeds numerous. Common verywhere. Introduced from Europe. 29 HUTCHINSIA R. Br. Hort. Kew iv, 85. Small annuals with pinnatifid leaves and small white flowers terminal racemes. Sepals ovate or oblong, obtuse, not saccate base, at length spreading. Petals small. Stamens free and Inappendaged. Stigma sessile. Pods ovate or elliptical. Valves pmbranaceous, but little compressed contrary to the parti- Ion, somewhat tumid, slightly carinate, wingless : cells many- peded. Cotyledons i)icumbent. JH. procumbens Desv. Jour. Bot. iii, 168. Capsella divaricata W. Low, leak and spreading, very minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrous through- lit: leaves thin, small, spatulate or lanceolate, the lowe^ commonly with a Iw blunt teeth or more or less deeply pinnattfid: stems nearly filiform, ^xuous : flowers minute : sepals ovate-elliptic, obtuse, thin-margined, Dut equaled by the narrow white petals : pods elliptic-oblong 1-2 lines Ing: entire at the aj^x. In moist saline places, eastern Oregon and yaahington to California, Brit. Columbia and Wyoming. 30 CORONOPUS Ruellius. Diffuse prostrate heavy-scented annuals with pinnatifid leaves id small greenish flowers. Sepals equal at base, oval, spreading, Iften fugacious. Stamens free and unappendaged, all G present, CRUCIFER^:. COHOTiOPUS. LEPIDIUM. LEPIDIUM. Stig{ (lil or only 4 or 2. Anthers short, somewhat didymous sessile, nearl}' or quite simple. Pods more or less distinctly ymous, the valves thickish, often sculptured or tuberculate tii! ing off as 1-seeded closed or nearly closed nutlets. Embryo foil ed above the base of the incumbent cotyledons. C. DiYYMUB Smith Fl. Britt. 11,691. Annual or biennial : stems mil ei'ous and slender : leaves short an Inch or less long plnnately parted wi 7-y lanceolate entire or sparingly toothed segments : flowers very Hinsf greenish white: petals minute or none: pods small, 1-1)^ lines Imj notched at both ends, thus appearing transversely 2-lobed ; valves tun and finely wrinkled. In moist soil and ditches, California to Vancouvorl land near the coast, and along the Atlantic seaboard. Introduced in Europe. C. RuELLii All. Fed. n. 634. Annual or biennial : stems rather ,«toi| leaves an inch or more long pinnatifid with narrow lanceolate entiixj sparingly toothed segments : pods flattened 1)^-2 lines broad, not notdl at)ove nor divided into 2 lobes, strongly roughened and somewhat cresi by radiating prominences. Roadsides and rubbish heaps, Poriland gon, and the Atlantic States. Introduced from Europe. 31 LEPIDIUM Tourn. Inst. 215, t. 109. L. Gen. n. 801. Low herbs with small pinnatifid leaves and small white or yl low flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals short, ovate or ellipti oblong, obtuse, equal at base, more or less spreading: Petal tire, rounded at the apex : sometimes abortive or none. StaiiiA free, unappendaged, all 6 present or by abortion only 4 or 2 pi sent, these representing the two larger pair. Style slender J more or less elongated, or none. Pods orbicular or ovate, emai gil ate or deeply notched at the apex, strongly com])ressed contiaj to the narrow partition. Valves acutely carinate ; the cej 1-seeded. Seeds not w'inged. Cotyledons incumbent or ran accumbent. § 1 Style slender, sometimes rather short but distinctly veloped and persistent. Cotyledons incumbent. L. mciita/ixim Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 1,116. Puberulent or nearlyi brous : stems several from a perennial, somewhat ligneous root, 8-15 iiiJ long, decumbent and spreading in a somewhat circular manner: radi leaves more or less bipinnatifid with short-oblong acute segments; iipa m"o8t leave- trifid or linear and entire : petals nearly twice as long as j oval oblong sepals : style conspicuous : pods a line broad elliptical, sliga emarginate, wingless or obscurely winged above, with short acutish tw Plains and mountain valleys, Washington to California and the li« Mountains. L. integrifolla Nutt. 1. c. Glabrous or puberulent: stems sevi from a single stout root, branching from the base : leaves oblong, obij ceolate or spatulate, acute or apiculate, thickish, 1-2 inches long; I'^n-f lines broad, entire: racemes single and terminal, or more commonly i eral, 1-2 inches long : pedicels spreading, 3-4 lines long: petals obon white, about twice the length ot the broad membranaceous sepals, inl tinctly and broadly clawed, deciduous with the sepals: stamens 2: cm ovate-oblong 1)^-2 lines long, barely retuse inconspicuously reticul^ when quite ripe. Southeastern Washington to the Rocky Mountains. L. CAMPEBTBE R. Br. in Ait. f. Kew ed. 2, iv, 88. Pubescent : sti erect, eimple and very leafy up to the inflorescence, a foot or more hij LBPIDICM. CRUCIFER^E. eaves oblong, obtuse, denticulate, erect, the lower ones narrowed to slen "er petioles ; the upper sessile by a long sagittate-clasping base : pedicel- orizontally spreading, a little shorter than the thiokish, papilioie caps- ule: petals white : anthers ^vellow: style slightly exserted from the narrow- bule . . . „ . Siotch. In wet places, Waldo Oregon and across the continent. Idui'ed from Europe. Intro- 2 Stigma sessile or subsessile. Pods emarginate or retuse |at the apex. Cotyledons (in ours) incumbent. L. Menziesii DO. Syst. ii , 539. More or less pubescent : stems slender -12 inches high from an annual or biennial long slender perpendic-ular b-oot, simple, or branched above : radical leaves pinnately parted, i)etiolate bubescent or somewhat hirsute ; segments lanceolate, acutish ; cauline lleaves merely toothed, the upper linear and entire: racemes l-several not [contracted near the summit; pedicels slender early spreading, longer than hhe pods: petals 4, white, exceeding the sepals: stamens 2-4: pods orbic- War retuse glabrous about II/3 lines in diameter: seeds narrowly winged r>n one edge. Oliffs and sandy or rocky banks, Oregon to Brit. Columbia near the coait, not common. L. occidentale Howell Eryth. iii, 32. Stems.erect 3-12 inches high [from an annual root pubescent below with short simple white hairs, pirb- erulent above, freely branching: leaves 1-3 inches long, the lower pinna- kifid with obovate to oblanceolate segments, gradually reduced upwards to linear bracts : petals white, obovate, narrowed below to a short claw, rounded at the apex longer than the obovate sepals : stamens 4, about jualing the petals : pods orbicular, 1^ lines broad, on long slender divari- [cate pedicels : style very short : seeds obovate, retuse below, narrowly vinged on the outer edge. On rocky hillsides, Urapqua valley, Oregon and on cliffs of Cape Foulweather. Doubtless at other places along the boast. L. medium Greene Eryth. iii, 36. L. intermedium Gray PI. Wright, not A. Richard. Glabrous or puberulent: stems erect , branched 6-18 Inches high, from a rather stout annual root: lower leaves 1-2 inches long, toothed or pinnatifid ; the upper often entire or but sparingly jtoothed, oblanceolate or linear: petals wanting, stamens 2 ; style very Bhort: pods rounded 1-1 3^ lines broad, with short and obtuse teeth: pedi- pels spreading, 3 lines long. Sandy places and hillsides, California to srit. Columbia and Utah, east of the Cascade Mountains. L. apetalnm Willd. Sp. iii, 439. Stems erect 1-2 feet high, slender, Klorless ; leaves somewhat narrow, dull green, the radical ones more or less inoisely toothed or pinnatifid ; segments usually acutish : flowers llosely aggregate, the pedicels remaining nearly erect in flower, but in Iruit regularly and widely spreading, thus making the racemes appear as if contracted just below the summit: petals wanting: stamens 2: pods gla- brous, orbicular, retuse on short i>edicels. Eastern Oregon to Texas and Jhe New England States. L. laslocarpum Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 1 15. Hispidly pubescent : stems lecumbent branching from or near the base : lower leaves pinnately barted, segments usually rather broad, obtuse or rounded, sparingly loothed or entire : racemes several : pedicels distinctly flattened, horizon- *lly spreading, 1-1)^ Hues long: sepals broadly oblong usually purple, 1 thin white margins : petals minute or none : pods suborbicular, thin aargined near the apex, hispid pubescent upon both faces, or at least |ipon the edge. Southern California tt) Texas and Colorado. Introduced Bpon R. R. ballast in Oregon, Henderson. . I. nitidnm Nutt. 1. c. 116 Glabrous or somewhat pubescent : stems sim- ple or branched, 3-16 inches high : leaves pinnately cut into linear acumi- nate segments, the uppermost often entire : pedicels flat, 1-2 lines long : 64 CRUCIFKRil':. LEPIDIVM. petals small: pods in a loose raceme, spreading, glabrous and shin iiij rounded, 1-2 lines broad, acvUely margined, the teeth short and obtusej seeds often ash-color. On dry hillsides, Washington to California. * * Low annuals: jwdicels flat: petals offen wanting: stamens 2-4: style none: pods reticulated, the apex produced into 2 distinct teeth. L. rettcalatnm. Minutely hispid ; stems erect, sparingly brancliedj 1--2 inches high, from a slender perpendicular annual root: leaves piniui ,i fid, with linear entire or toothed segments, including the dilated basiM the petiole 6-12 lines long: pedicels approximate, a line lo.ig, thin-edfjcil erect: sepals oblong, ve^- acute, with hyaline borders, ptMsistent: stanicrii 2: pods glabrous, reticulated, elliptical, a line long, the short obtuse tecthl somewhat connivent: se. Is oblong-obovate, narrowly margined on th| outer edge. Roadsid' , &• thweslern Oregon. Rare, L. dictyotain Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 329. Pubescent througlionJ with short spreading hairs, or the leaves glabrous; stems 1-3 inches higll ascending, slender and branching: leaves narrowly linear, 1-2 inches Ion J entire or pinnatifid with a few linear lobes: sepals scarious-margined, ikJ persistent: i)etal8 white, but little exceeding the sepals sometimes wantiii| stameng 4: pods rounded, a line broad, the short acutish teeth conniveii! finely reticulated and pubescent, exceeding the thick erect pedicels. Jul sandy saline places under "Sage brush", eastern Washington to CaliforniaJ L> acatidens. L. dictyotum var. acntidens Gray Proc. Am . Acad, xii, JJ Sparingly pubescent with short spreading hairs : stems 3-10 inches IdiiJ erect and nearly simple, or decumbent and much branched from the \vm\ leaves linear, 1-3 inches lor g, entire or sparingly pinnatifid : pods ovate, lines or more broad, deeply notched above, with 2 acuminate divergenj teeth, equalling or shorter than the erect or outwardly curved pedicels, ij alkaline soil, eastern Oregon to California. '- L. Oregaunm Howell P. C. PI. Coll. 1887. Finely more or less hiepiil ulous : stems erect, simple or with a few ascending branches, 3-8 iniheJ high : leaves linear, entire or with a few linear attenuate segments : sei)ai| promptly deciduous pods round-ovate, 1^' lines broad, not reticulated of very faintly so, smooth, the rather prominent teeth divergent. Roadsiilw Routhwestern Oregon near W^oodville. L. oxycarpnm T. & G. Fl. i, IK) Nearly or quite smooth : stems alenJ der, branched from the base ; branches ascending, 4-6 inches long, looseljf floriferous more than half their length : leaves linear, acute, subentiro oil pinnatifid with a few narrow acute teeth : pedicels comparatively slender] widrly spreading or deflexed, \% lines long: flowers small, apetalous; «'| als very unequal, half line long: stamens 2: pods suborbicular, glabrateJ finely reticulated, \% lines broad, tipped witn 2 very short widely diverj gent teeth. In saline soil, central California to Brit. Columbia. 32 THLASPI L. Gen. n. 802. Low glabrous herbs with simple stems entire or toothed lcavt| and white or pinkish flowers. Sepals short-oval, obtuse, thin] margined, erect or slightly spreading. Petals obovatiB or obi!i ceolate, entire. Stamens free and unappendaged : anthers sliortl Style slender or sometimes none. Stigma small, entire or sli}j;lit| ly emarginate. Pods cuneate-obovate or oblanceolate, coniprens?(ll contrary to the partition, few-seeded : valves acutely cadnate oil winged. Seeds somewhat turgid, not margined. Cotyledomj accumbent. v>< ,. .ft*"*' ,*» TIILA8PI. IIKTEUODHABA. ORUCIFER^. IT. alpestre L. Hp. ed. 2, ii. 903 (?) Stems simple, or branched from he l>ii8e, from a quite pinip'e or branched perennial rootstock, 1-15 inches Lrh: radical leaves rosidatc, elliptical tospatulate, attenuate to a slender pet - lie, f>-13 lines long oi\more, entire or sparingly 'toothed ; cauline ovate to ob- jng. entire, acuminate, clasping at base, 3-6 littes long: ^flowers 2-3 lines Ing, crowded in a somewhat capitate cluster; sepals purplish, thin-mar- Hiu'il; petals white, or pale purple, 3-4 lines long: peduncle at length elon- ^ted: pedicels spreading, in fruit, 2-4 lines long : pods ohovateto cuneate- bloiig, 3-4 lines long, emarginate or truncate or rounded at the apex 4-8- Je'ltci; style a line long. In mountainous districts, California to Brit. Cdl- nihiii and the Rocky Mountains . t _ . . , .• ' , , • . Tribe VIII. laatedex DC Pods short, rarely elongated, inde- \isr('nt, innrtienlate, usually criistaceoua or osseous, 1-eelled, 1- ircly 2-seeded. Pedicels v molly slender, recurved in fruit. Coty- \dons accumhent. -.. • . "■!. . : ,' . ., 33 HETERODrcABA Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. i. 71. .' • " Slender annual with lon^ horizontal and nearly prostrate lianches. Sepals equal at base. Petals minute or wanting. Stig- la sessile. Pod short-elliptical, twisted, very tardily if at all |eliiscent, by a very filmy partition 2-eeiled : valves flat, nerve- ess. Seeds 3-5 in each cell, in two rows. Cotyledons accumbent. H. uiiilateralls Greene 1. c. 27 Draba nnilateralis M. E. Jones Bull. Torr. \jliib, ix, 124 Hirsute-pubescent with branching hairs: leaves obovate, Jith cunoMe base, 6-12 lines long, sparingly toothed towards the apex, Imnches from a few inches to more than u foot long, spreading horizontally : lowering and fruiting throughout their whole length : pods 2 lines long, 1)^ pnes wide, with some stout straight hairs besides the stellate pubescence maturity twisted : pedicels scarcely a line long, stout and dedexed. In pen moist places, southern Oregon, near Axhland and California. 34 ATHYSANUS Greene, 1. c, 72. Slender annual with rosulate usually toothed leaves and imall white flowers in long racemes. Sepals equal at base. [ctals small or none. Style very short. Pods orbicular, not largined, indehiscent, flat, nerveless, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Cotyl- |ons accumbent. A. pasillns Greene 1 . c. Thysanocarpus pusillus Hook. Inc. t. ■'>!?, Hir- iite-tomentose with stellate hairs; stems veiy slender, brandling from near lie base, the filiform branches 3-12 inches long: lower leaves broadly oblan- Jeolate, entire or remotely denticulate, ^1-12 lines long, short-petloled ; cau- |ne similar, but smaller, often entire, sessile but not clasping: flowers bure- ■ a hue broad, the late ones apetalous: pods orbicular, , less than a line lioad, hirsute with hooked hairs,; pedicels 1-3 lines long, at length reflex- Id. Common on dry hillsides and rocky banks, southern Calil'ornia to lit. Columbia: flowering in veiy early spring. • ' 35 THYSANOCARPUS Hook. Fl. i, 69, t. 18. f. A. Slender erect sparingly branched annuals with minute white br rose-color flowers on slender pedicels in elongated racemes. pepals equal at base. Petals minute. Stamens 6, subequal, free, unappendaged, with slender filaments and short anthers. ?od.s c::bicular, wing-margined, much compresBed, plano-convex, m CRUCIFERiE. THYSANOCARPCS. RAPHANUS. indehiscpiit, Icellcd, ! tened, margined. Cot; aeeded. Seeds pendulous, somewhat flat) ledons accumbent to oblique-incumbeutl T. carvlpes Hook 1. c. Somewhat hirsute at base, glabrous a Wti 6-25 inches nigh: radical leaves, oblanceolate, 1-3 inches long pinnatifil or sinuately toothed : upper ones lanceolate to linear, sagittatc-auriculatf and clasping at base, entire or sparingly toothed : pods rounded to obo va*p or ovate, densely tomentosts or glabrous 2-4 lines broad includixig tb entireor cre.u.te, veined and often perforated wiug, emargihat*" tn th summit and tipped by thf short purple style, usuaUy coiored ; pedicels 'A 4 lines' lon^, at length recvrved. Common on dry hiilsidpifi iVashiti^toi to California, Arizona and rlaho. Flowering in early spring. T. radians Benih. PI. Hartw. 297. Stoms (i 18 inchen high Pimji oi with a few simple, elongated ascendin;^; branches, glabroiia: lowest ieavij runcinately toothed or pinnatifld; the caiiline ones ovat'j-lanceolate anl auricu late-clasping : racemeiv long, looselv flowered : pedicels usually at} cending but nodding near the upex, 4-8 h'res long: petals purple, excee ing the sepals; pods rounded, -i-S lines \n diameter, tomentose or quiti smooth, scarcely emarginate with a broad entire translucent wing oos'J Hpicuously marked by radiating nerves : style short. Southern Orcj/c "^ C tJmpqua valley ) to Central Caliu> . nia. Trlhe IX. Raphan'i.se DC. Pods indehiscent, transversely !<(parl aU:d in'o I-few-seedcd joints. Seeds globoae. Cotyledons condv\ plicaie. 36 RAPHANUS Tourn. Inst. 229 1. 114 L. Gen. n. 882. Coarse an raval or biennial herbs with pinnatifid leaves aiii white or purple flowtis. Sepals erect, the lateral somewhat sac] cate. Petals large, unguiculate. Stamens Q, unappendaged attenuate to a slender or rather stout beak, iiidehisoent tranj versely divided by several false partitions, seeds globular, pendj uloiis. R. "iATivus L. Sp. ii 669. Stems stout and branching 1-4 feet hjgh from a straight thick annual root : leaves lyrately pinnatifld, hirsute : netalJ white to purple 6^ lines long : pods terete 4-6 lines in diameter, graaualln narrowed to an elongat^^d beak, usually 2-3-8eeded. Escaped from culti-| vation, Washington to California. Order VIII. CAPPARIDACEiE Endl. Gen. 889. Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves without stipuk-s andi Perfect hypogynous flowers. Sepals or lobes of the calyx ij *etals 4, raroly 5-8 or none, usually unguiculate, more or les unequal. Scamens. in ours, 6-12, rarely 4. Ovary often stipij tate, composed of two united carpels with two parietal pW centffi. Styles united into one, often filiform, sometimes snort or almost none : stigma often discoid or subcapitate. Fiui| one-celled, iu ours a two-vulved pod-shaped capsule. Seeda campylotropous, reniform, without albumen. Embryo curved] Cotyledons foliaceous, somewhat incumbent. 1 Jacksonla. Stamens 8-32 : flowers whitish or pinkish : pods elonj gated, dehiscent from the top downward. 2 Cleome. Stamens 6 : flowers yellow or purplish : pods oblong oij linear, dehiscent from the base upward. lACKHONMA. CbKOME. CAPPARIDACE^.. i JACKSONIA Raf. Med. Repos. V, 352. • < ■ POLANISIA Raf. Journ. de Phys. 98. (1819). Annual, ill-scented and mostly glandular herbs, '^ith simple or -9 foliolate petioled leaves, and yellowish, rose-color or white lowers in leafy-bracted racemes. Sepals 4 deciduous, lanceolate, metimes connate at base. Petals on claws or sessile, equal or li qual, torus small depressed. Stamens 8-32 inserted below e torus. Pods erect on spreading pedicels, membranaceous, t • shortly stipitate, elongated, compressed or cylindrical, many- ' \ dehiscent from the top downward. Seeds round-reniform, rv\ ign ;e or reticulated. \ i, trach^ ttperma Greene Pitt, ii, 175. Glandular-pubescent, erect 6- i inches high : leaves foliolate, leaflets lanceolate %-2 inches long, cut^, about equalling the petioles, nearly sessile : floral bracts mostly kinpii\ ovate to lanceolate, shortl}' petioled petals 3-5 lines lobg, Hth slender claws as long as the sepals, and an emarginate blade: traens 12-19, filaments exserted: style 2-u lines long: pods 1-2^ inches bng, veiy rarely on a short slender stipe: seeds finely pitted and often ^prty. Oregon and Idaho to Brit. Columbia, Kunsas and southward to New iexico and Texas. ,; 2 CLEOME L. Syst. Nat. ed. 1. Erect branching annuals; with palmately 3-8 foliolate leaves and yellow or purple flowers, in bracteate racemes. Sepals I, sometimes united at base. Petals with claws or sessile. Sta- lens 6, upon the small torus. Pods linear to oblong, stipitate, lany-seeded : style short or none. Pods pendant on spreading [edicels, dehiscent from the base upward. Seeds globose-reni- )rm to ovate. Ours all of § EucLEOME Gray Syn. Fl. i, 183. Torus little or not at all olumnar below the stamens, but commonly thickened, and bear- ig a glandular projection behind the ovary : this in all our spe- [ies raised on a slender stipe or carpophore. Cleouve Endl, * Calyx 4-cleft, tardily deciduous, petals indistinctly if at all unguiculate. [C serrnlata Pursh. Fl. li, 441. C. integrifolia T. & G. Fl. i, 12^. r^mewhat glaucous, 2-3 feet high, widely branching; leaves 3-foliolate; leaf- bts oblong to lanceolate, or the uppermjst linear, entire, submucronate: ra- emes sometimes nearly a foot long: flowers large, showy, reddish-purple, arely white: sepals united to the middle, persistent; segments triangular- cumiuate: petals with vory short claws, stamens equal: pods obloug-lin- k, compressed, much longer than the stipe. On watercourses, from the |olumbiu river to Colorado, New Mexico and Dakota. C. latea Hook. Fl. i, 70, t. 25. Glabrous or slightly pubescent ; 1-3 et high: leaves 5-foliolatd: leaflets linear to oblong-lanceolate. 1-2 inches bng acute, short-petiolulate; equalling the petioles; flowers blight yellow: bpals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous; petals broadly lanceolate, very nort clawed, 3-4 lines long: pod 9-15 lines long, about 2 lines broad, orulose, equalling or longer than the stipe. On sandy banks along the Dolumbia liver, and from Wyoming to Coloitido and Nevada. * * Sepals distinct to the base, deciduous. Petals not distinctly unguioulate. VI0LACE4':. CLKOMK. VIOLA. C. platycarpa Torr. Bot. Wilkes 236, t. 2. Pubescent and glanduiaj 1-2 feet high: leaves 3-foliolate; leafletb broatUy oblong to lanceolate, lines long: flowers very sliowy, bright yellow: sepals linear-setaceoui-. Ions: petals broadly lanceolate, without claws: pods elliptical, 8-10 linl long, stipe about as lonv; as the pod, equalling the pedicels; style slenda about 2 lines long. Hillsides, John Dt^y valley, Oregon to northern CiJ fornia aid westei'n'Nevada. Order IX. ViOLACEM S. F. Gray Nat. Avr. ii, 667. Sepals 5, persisteni, "mbricated in the bud. Petals 5, alt«i nate with the petals hypogyuous, on short claws, commoa unequal. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, inserted on til torus : anthers adnate, introrse 2-celled, opening longitudinallj filaments broad, elongated beyond the anthers, ovary 1-celIel 3-valved, with 3 parietal placenta), several ovuled. Stjj .usually declined with an oblique cucullate stigma. Seeds an tropoas with a straight embryo in the axis of fleshy albuiiiei Ours are low herbs with watery somewhat acid juice, alternalj leaves with persistent stipules and axillary flowers. 1 VIOLA Tourn. Inst. 419, t. 236 L. Gen.n. 1007. Perennial or annual herbs with alternate stipulate leaves an mostly one-flowered axillary 2-bracteolate peduncles. Early fluJ erg usually showy and often infertile, the later ones often cleistoi anions and more fertile. Sepals more or less auricled at bal Petals unequal, the lower one produced at base into a nectarifel erous sac or spur, the others of about equal length. Filamenl very short or none : anthers connivent but distinct, at moi lightly coherent, the two anterior each with a dorsal appendaJ or spur projecting into the spur or sac of the lower petal. '^ Styj often flexuous below, enlarged upward. Capsule usually ovoii crustaceous or coriaceous : valves several-seeded. Seeds obovoil or globular, smooth. Ours are all perennial with part or all of the stipules morei less scarious, never emulating the blade of the leaf. The twj upper petids tutned backward, and the lateral ones turned fo| ward, toward the lower one, or merely spreading. * Strictly acaulcscent, the leaves and scapes directly from rootj „ stocks: gibbous-clavate with inflexed or truncate and beardlet-s suminitj .and an introrsely beaked or short- jintcd small proper stigma. -«- Rootstock thick and comparand ely short, never filiform or pro-j ducing runners or stolons : spur of the corolla only saccate : cleistogar mous flowers abundant and short pedunftled. V. cognata Greene Pitt, iii, 145. F. cumllata of avthors astooi plants. Acaulescent ; rootstocks short and thick : leaves long-petiold smooth or more or less pubescent, slightly fleshy, cordate with a broi sinus, the earliest often reniform and the later acute or acuminate, "■ nately toothed; scapes 2-10 inches high, about equalling the leaves: ale 6-8 lines long, blue or violet, all villoue at base, the three lower vef strongly so: spur only saccate : style enooth; stigma small, beaked i tfnrm, 6-18 linei VIOLA. VIOLACE.E. ^oi't -pointed. In moiet places, eastern Oregon and Washington to Diit Dluinbia and the Rocky Mountains. ■*- 4- Rootstock thickieh and creeping, commonly sending off leafy jainl floriferous stolons or rumiers above ground : leaves round-cor- Idate and merely crenulate : lateral petals usually bearded : spur short. I ami saccate. V. Lanfrsdorflli Fisch. in DC. Prod, i, 296. Glabrous or nearly so : leiiiH weak and declined or ascending 1-12 inches long from a creeping jaly rootstock: leaves reniform to cordate, crenately serratt^ the lower ]ieH (in petioles that about equal the stems; stipules lanceolate, acumi- Ite, 6-10 lines long: flowers usually pale blue, 9-12 lines long |itii short saccate spur, lateral petals white with a small bearded 8iK)t eiir the base: stigma small, rounded. In marshes along the coast from tescent City, California to Alaska. ■«- -^ -t- Rootstock long and filiform extensively creeping under- I ground : plants low or small : spur saccate. ♦♦ Corolla blue or purple. V. palnstris L. Sp. ii, 934 (?). Wholly glabrous : rootstock long and lliform, extensively creeping underground ; leaves round-cordate with a Iroad sinus and rounded summit, 1-2 inches in diameter, obscurely cre- late, scapes 2-4 inches high, much longer than the leaves : flowers pale llae to wnite, lateral petals sparsely if at all bearded 3-4 lines long, spur liort and rounded. In marshes of the high mountains, California to ilaekaand east to the New England Htates and Labrador, Euro|)e and' lortliern Asia. ++ ■»♦ Corolla always white, mostly with purple lines on the lower petal; stigma as if truncate and margined, and antrorsely short- pointed. = Leaves round-cordate or reniform, on slender maiginless petioles. i V. blanda Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 24. Glabrous or nearly so: stems [ery short or none, from slender creeping rootstocks witn numerous pbroiis rootlets : leaves thin, crenulate, from ovate-cordate to round-ren- inrm, 6-18 lines broad, on slender petioles as long: scapes 1-3 inches pigh: sepals aline long, from oblong to almost ovate-lanceolate scarious- (largined: petals white, oblong 3-4 lines long, usually all beardless, the lower ones conspicuously- dark -veiny; spur short, saccate, rounded. In vet places in the mountains from California to Alaska and the Atlantic Ptates. V. Macl08keyi F. E. Lloyd Eryth. iii, 74. Wholvi plant glabrous: tootstock slender, creeping, bearing three or four leave.' and at length a lew runners : leaves reniform with a shallow sinus ; the lamina slightly lecumbent down the slender petiole, the margin obscurely crenate-serrate : Itipules ovate acute : peduncles 1-3 inches long : petals white, very thin knd translucent, the spur very short and saccate ; lateral petals bearded. Bpringy places in the Cascade Mountains about Mt. Hood. — • = Leaves from linear to spatula te or ovate or subcordate, the base decurrent into a marginea petiole : sometimes leafy along sum- mer stolons.. V. occidentalis. V. primulaefoUa var. occidentalis Gray Bot. Gaz. xi ?55. Glabrous throughout : rootstock short, not creeping but propagating by long filiform runners: leaves ovate to spatulate-oblong, attenuate at base to a long slender petiole, obscurely crenate: scapes 3-6 inches high not exceeding the leaves : petals white the lower ones veined with purple, ' [lateral ones bearded, 4-6 lines long, spur saccate, stigma truncate, mar- gined and antrorsely short-pointed. In marshes, eastern base of the Coast m VIOL ACE iE. ▼lOLA. Mountain! near the Oregon and California line. • • Subcaulescent by leafy stolons, or caulescent with 2-3 leaved | stems. Stigma terminal beardless aAd beakless. -I- Leaves undivided, at most only cuneate toothed. y. sarmentosa Dougl. in Hook. Fl. i, 80. Sparingly pubescent : stun weak and decumbent : multiplying by long filiform rootstocks : leavti rounded-cordate, reniform or sometimes ovate, %-\% inches broad, finell crenate, usually punctate with numerous dark dots : peduncles mostly eil ceeding the leaves : flowers yellow, lateral petals with a bunch of lon| scales at the base of the blade ; spur short and saccate. In open for(>Hti Brit. Columbia to California. Y. orblcalata Gever Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi, 73. Bootstock shoiJ and thick, with few fibrous rootlets : stems at first very short with a paij of scarious acutely triangular stipules at the base of the peduncleH, iJ length sarmentoae with a few Hmall leaves and bearing cleist(^amous flovl era : leaves mostly basal, orbicular to oblong, cordate with deep narroif sinus, crenulate, 1-2 inches broad, glabrous below, pubescent with short stout appressed scattered hairs above, sepals oblong to nearly lanceolate;! petals yellow, the lower one purple veined, spurs short and saccate : stign oeakless, bearded on the sides. In open forests, Cascade Mountains iol Oregon to Idaho and Alaska. y. purpurea Kell. Proc. Cal . Acad, i, 56. More or less pubescentl with more or less spreading hairs, stems clustered from branching perpenJ dicular root 2-6 inches long : leaves semi-orbicular to ovate or lanceolatej cuneate or truncate at base 6-12 lines long, entire or coarsely crenate, of'| ten purple-veined : peduncles but little longer than the leaves : petals 4-^ lines long, light yellow more or less tinged with dark purple outside : cap sule globular, puU'Scent. On dry open hillsides, Oregon to California. •*- •*- Leaves 3-parted, with more or less lobed or cleft segments. y. Sheltoail Tore. Pacif. R. B. Bep. iv. 67, t. 2. Glabrous or nearljl so: leaves round-reniform to cordate m outline, 3-parted, the division! lobed and cleft into linear or oblong segments : peduncles shorter thanl the leaves : petals yellow veined with purple. Wooded mountains, aouth-f western Oregon to California. * ♦ * Subcaulescent, first flowering from the ground, from erect or ascending rootstocks, not stoloniferous or creeping: stipules partly and variably adnate : corolla mostly yellow witn short saccate spur: stigma beakless, sometimes with a short lip, concave, mostly orbicu- lar, antroa-termiual or siiglitly oblique at tne large and gibbous cla- vate summit of the style ; Warded below its margin on each side b^ a tnft or sometimes by nearly a --ing of stiff and reflexed spreading bristles. ■*- Leaves undivided, round ovate or subcordate to lanceolate : lat- eral petals either slightly bearded or beardless. V. 5nttallti Pursh Fl. i, 174. Glabrous or the leaf margins finely and I densely ciliate, root thick, perpendicular; stems scarcely any, leaves Ian- [ ceolate, nearly entire, attenuate to a long petiole, stipules lanceoj late ; spur very short and saccate : pubescence of the depressed beakles!'| stigma minute. Plains if the Blue Mountains of Oregon to the Bo('kv| Mountains and Kansas. T* pnemorsa Dougl. Bot. Reg. t. 1254. Canescent with short spread' I ing hairs, stems short, from thick, perpendicular branching roots : lea vis I from nearly orbicular to lanceolate, densely pubescent below, sparingly sol or quite smooth above, irregularly crenate toothed, 6-30 lines long, gradul ally or abruptly contracted to a slender petiole : stipules scarious, lameol late acuminate entire : scapes longer than the leaves, pubescent: sepals I linear 4-5 lines long, often minutely ciliate: petals bright yellow, obovatel VIOLA. VIOLACES. fl i lines long not bearded : atigma short-apiculate, minutely bearded: cap« lie iival, sparingly pubescent or glabrous. On ofv plains about Oregon [ity and near Vancouver Washington . ■*- Leaves finely dissected, subterranean shoots commonly send- I in^ up their scapiforni peduncles from under the ground. *♦ Petals beardless, essentially yellow. 1 V. Douglasll Steud. Nom. ii, 771. V. chrysantha Hook, not Schroder. lore or less pubescent with short spreading hairs: leaves bipinnatifld mh narrow oblong or linear segments ; peduncles equalling or exceeding \e loaves, 2-6 inches lon^; petals 6-9 lines long bright yellow, the ujpper rown-purple on the outside, the others veined : capsule acute 6 lines long. I dry soil, southern Oregon to California. » ♦♦ Lateral petals bearded : upper deep violet-purple or blue ; lower pale or yellow. jV. Beckwithll T. & G. Pac. R. Rep. ii, 119, t. 1. Pubescent or kiberulent, leaves palmately about thrice 3-parted into linear or spatulate- Inear acutish or obtuse lobes, the primary divisions petiolulate : ped- Incles about eqttalling the leaves : upper petals deep violet purple, the Ithers li^ht, blue or bluish with yellow base, lateral ones short, bearded. |allfornta and Nevada to southern Oregon. V. HalUi Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 377. Glabrous : leaves subpin- itely or pedately about twice parted into lanceolate or linear lobes, their Ips obtuse or acutish and callous apiculate : peduncles surpassing the laves : upper petals deep violet, the otners yellow or cream-color 6-8 line? png. Gravelly prairies from Salem Oregon, to northern California. V. trlnervata Howell in Gray Syn. Fl. i, 201. Glabrous: leaves pe- itely parted, the few divisions lanceolate to almost ovate acute or apicu- ^te at maturity almost coriaceous strongly 3-nerved, the lateral nerves ntermarginal, peduncles longer than the leaves : upper petals dark blue, he others pale blue to white, with a yellow base. Klickitat county, iTashington. • * * ♦ Caulescent, the few to several-leaved stems erect from short or creeping rootstocks : no stolons nor radical flowers : spur short and saccate: lateral petals commonly scantily papillose-V>arded : ' stigma beaklesB, bearded or pubescent at the sicles. ••- Petals yellow ; stems usually naked at base and few-leaved above. y. lobata Benth.Pl. Hartw. 298. Finely pubescent or glabrous : stems 3- I inches high from an erect rootstock : leaves reniform to broadly cune- |te in outline 1-4 inches broad shortly petioled more or less deeply palm- ely cleft into 5-9 narrowly oblong to lanceolate lobes, the central lobe sually more elongated, sometimes only coarsely toothed : peduncles not pnger than the leaves : petals 6-8 lines long, yellow, the upper brownish [urple outside: capsule 6-6 lines long, acute. Southwestern Oregon tt' ttuthern California. V. Brooksii Kell. Cal. Hort. ix, 281. V. lobata var. infegrifolia Wat- on Bot. Cal. i, 57. Minutely pubescent: stems erect, 4-8 inches high, few-leaved : leaves deltoid or rhombic-ovate, often long-acuminate, cre- late-serrate, 1-3 inches broad : stipules lanceolate, acute, minutely ciliate, Intire or lacerate : flowers few, sepals linear, little if at all auricled : petals fellow 5-6 lines long. In dry open forests southwestern Oregon and Palifornia. V. Canadensis LSp. ii, 936. Glabrous or slightly pubescent: stems |rect leafy, 6-12 inches high from branching, ascending rootstocks, leaves ordate and mostly acuminate, denticulate-serrate ; stipules small, nar- fi)w, entire, scarious : petals usually pale violet outside, white with yel- VIOLACE-K. VIOtA, rOLYOAtA. "iii 'I'll "'P iik[ k| lo wish base and some purple r stripes within, the lateral ones <^, '^.n papillose hairs near the base; spur short and saccate: stiKin"' noak' bearded on tho sides: capsule oval glabrous. Moist woods, , '- ho, vr berg (N. 218), to the northern Atlantic States and Canada. V. irlabella Nutt. T. & G. FI. i, 142. Minutely pulH's^ient or «labr. stems slender from a short fleshy horizontal rhizoma, naked ur sparii leafy I »el(tw 5-12 inches high: radical leaves on long petioles the ui shortly petioled, reniform-cordate to «'ordate, acute crenately tootlieo crennfate 1-4 inches broad; flowers bright yellow |)eta1s 4-H lines In capsule ovate-oblong 3-6 lines long, abruptly beaked. In forests, AUi to northern California. V. OCellataT. & (I. Fl, i, 142. Pubescent: stems slender 0-12 indiwi high from somewhat creeping rootstocks; leaves on very long petioles turT dato-l inch long on very short petioles: Howers roHc-color on podiceis 1-H lines long, without bracts : sepals glabrous or nearly so, the outer 2% lines long, rounded-saccate at base ; the wings ratlieV broadly spatulate 4-(HineB long: lateral petals linear-laneeolate, somewhat ciliate, about etiualling the keel: fruit mostly from ajjetalous, Howers near the root; capsule glabrous, l)roadly ovate 2>2-3 lines long, re- I tiiHo above, nearly sessile, narrowly margined : seeds 2 lines long some- what pubescent ; the caruncle vesicular and wrinkled, calyptra-like, half 1 the length of the seed. Southwestern Oregon and California. Order XI. CARYOPHYLLACE^ Juss. Herbs sometimes suffrutescent at base with bland and inert I juice, regular and mostly perfect flowers, persistent calyx, its parts and the petals 4 or 5 and imbricated, or the petals some- I times convolute, in the bud, stamens twice as mony, or as mauy and alternate with them or rarely fewer than the petals, I ovary 1-celled with a free central placenta bearing few to several canipylotropous ovules, the reniform seeds with a slender em- bryo coiled around the outside of farinaceous albumen. Stems usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves often united at the base by a transverse line, in one group with interposed scarious sti- pules% Petals sometimes wanting. Stamens mostly hypogynous around an annular disk, sometimes perig>Tious by its coliesion with the base of the calyx. Styles 2-5 mostly distinct and with the stigma running down the inner face. Fruit a capsule, opening by valves or by teeth at the summit. Flowers termi- I nal, or in the forks, or in cymes. Tribe i. Sepals united into a 4- or 5-toothed or lobed calyx. Petals commonly with an appendage on the base of the blade [within, narrowed below into a conspicuous claw; these and the stamens borne on the stipe of the ovary. Styles distinct. Capsule [ dehiscent at the summit by as many or twice as many teeth as styles. Flowers comi)aratively large, perfect, or not infrequently 74 CARYOPHYLLACE^. polygamous. 1. Saponariat Calyx 6-angled becoming 6-winged : its teeth short, not foliaceouB : styles 2, capsule 4-5 valved. 8. 8. 4. Stlene. Calyx commonly 9-nerved, styles 3 : capsule opening by as many or twice as many teeth. Lvrhnig. Calyx 10-nerved, styles 4 or 6, alternate with the ^tals wnen of the same number : capsule opening by as many or twice as many teeth : perennials. Af rostemma. Styles 5 opposite the petals : calyx-teeth conspicuously prolonged into foliaceous appendages. Tribe ii. Sepals free or slightly united at the very base. Pet- als unappendaged, more or less narrowed below but not to a dis- tinct claw, inserted with the stamens on the margin of the disk at the base of the sessile ovary, not rarely inconspicuous or none, * Stipules none. ' "' •*- Capsule cylindric more or less elongated, often curved, dehiscent by twice as many teeth as there are carpels. 6* Cerastiniiii Capsule cylindric dehiscent with twice as many equal teeth as styles : petals emarginate or bifid ; styles 6, rarely 3 or 4. •*- •*- Capsule ovoid or oblong, relatively short, dehiscent by as many or twice as many teeth as there are styles. ** Styles usually fewer than the sepals, when of the same number opposite them. tt. Alslne. Capsule globose to oblong, with as many valves as styles, petals bifid or 2-parted : styles 3, rarely 2, 4 or 5. Ar^narla* Sepals 5, petals as many, entire or emarginate rarely wilting : styles 3, 4 or 5. •»<■ ** Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. Alsinella. Capsule globose with as many entire valves as styles : sepals 4 or 5, petals entire as many as the sepals or wanting. * • Stipules present scarious or setiform : petals undivided. ■*- Petals conspicuous, styles distinct. Spergttla. Styles 5, alternate with the sepals and with the entire valves of the capsule. 10. Tisstt. Styles and valves of the capsule 3, very rarely 5. Tribe I. Silenese DC. Sepals united into a 4- or drtoothed or •lohed calyx. Petals unguiculate, often scale-bearing or appendaged at the junction of the blade and claw, ir^sertcd mth the stamens on the stipe of the ovary. Stipules none. Flowers usually showy, perfect or polygamous. 1 SAPONARIA L. Gen. n. 564. Smooth branching herbs with entire leaves and showy pink or white flowers in terminal clusters or panicles, blooming in sum- mer. Calyx tubular or obovoid, 5-toothed, terete, with numerous faint veins or conspicuously 5-angled. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled or Imperfectly 2-4-celled , at base, dehiscent by 4 short teeth. Seeds laterally attached. Embryo curved. 7. 8. 9. 8AP0NARIA. SILENK. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 7i S. Vaocaria L. Sp. 409. Stem solitary from an annual root, erect, 1-4 [feet high, widely branching above: leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, ses- aik' and somewhat connate at base ; flowers in a broad corymb ; calyx ovoid, with 5 sharp herbaceous angles, the intervening parts white and scarious: petals rose-color, without appendages. Common in cultivated grounds. Introduced from Europe. P, OFFICINALE L. Bp. 408. Stems numerous from a perennial root, 1-2 [feft high, stout: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base, 2-3 inches long, 3-ribbed : flowers clustered at the ends of the ehort branches, I often double ; calyx tubular, terete, with numerous faint nerves ; petals white or pink, appendaged at the junction of the claws and obovate retuse blade. Koadsides and K. R. embankments. Introduced from Europe. 2 SILENE L. Gen. n. 567. Annual or perennial herbs with mostly linear entire opposite [leaves and white or red flowers in paniculate racemes: (rarely Isolitary or cymose). Calyx tubular more or less inflated, cylin- Idro-clavate to campanulate, 5-toothed, 10-nerved. Petals 5, with slender claws, which are usually crowned with scales at their junc- tion with the mostly 2 to many-cleft blade. Stamens 10. Style 3. Ovary stipitate. Capsule dehiscent by 6, rarely 3 short teeth. Seeds opaque, tuberculate or echinate, attached by the margin : [embryo peripherical. * Annuals, mostly introduced. +■ Inflorescence simply racemose or subspicftte ; pedicels solitary. S. Gallica L. Sp. 417. Stems hirsute with white jointed hairs: leaves Ispatulate, mucronate, hirsute-pubescent on both sides 8-18 lines long : ra- Icemes terminal one-sided, 2-4 inches long : flowers more or less pedicel- |late: calyx 10-nerved, villous-hirsutc, slender, subcylindric in anthesis, ecoming in fruit broadly ovoid with contracted orifice and short narrow Jpr^ding teeth : petals usually little exceeding the calyx ; the blade ob- lovaje, somewhat oifid, toothed or entire. Along the coast from Brit. Co- llumbia to Lower California. Vab. qdinqukvulnbra, Koch. Syn. Fl. Germ. et. Helv. 1.00. Petals Imore showy, subentire, deep crimson with a white or pink border. |With the typical form. ■•- •♦- Inflorescence cymose or paniculate, not distinctly racemose. ♦* Smooth or nearly so, a part of the upper internodes glutinous. S. antlrrhina L. Sp. 419. Stems slender, 6-36 high : leaves oblong-lan- Iceolate or linear, commonly acute* flowers small in a compound cyme, on ^ong filifoiTU pedicels: calyx obloig-cylindric, smooth, in fruit ovoid with short teeth; petals obcordate, about equalling the calyx-teeth expanding only iit night or in cloudy weather; scaleit minute: ovary scarcely stiped. On dry liillsides, California to Brit. Columbia and across the continent. * * Very low and densely matted subcaulescent perennials. S. acanlls L. Sp. ed. 2, 603. Closely cespitose, an inch or two high : Reaves linear, crowded on the branching caudex : flowers small, 2-3 lines in diameter, subsessile or raised on naked curved peduncles : calyx narrowly campanulate glabrous, the teeth short and rounded : petals purplish or n'hite, minutely appendaged, obcordate, exserted: flowers diwcious by abortion. Arctic America to the Cascade and Rocky Mountains. * • * Caulescent perennials. . '' CARYOPHYLLACEiE. BILBNB. •*- Flowers large rather few : calyx cylindrical or clavnte : petals 5-7 lines long, 4-8everal-cleft : stems leafy : seedcoat more or less rough- ened but firm. S. Californlca Bnrand PI. Pratt. 83. Glandular-pubescent or pubei u- lent: stems several from the simple root, ^-4 feet high, lax, leaiy, sim- ple, or branched above : leaves oblanceolate to ovate 1-4 inches long, acute | or acuminate : flowers large, deep scarlet, few at the ends of the brancht-s; : pedicels short, the lower deflected in fruit: calyx 7-10 lines long: petals deeply parted with bifid segments, the lobes 2-3 toothed or entire ; scales I oblong-lanceolate : capsule ovate 6 lines long rather shortly stipitate. Cal- ifornia, reaches the southwest corner of Oregon. S. Hookerl Nutt. T. & G. FI. i, 193. White-tomentose, especially above: stems leafy 3-10 inches high, from a deep perpendicular rot it; leaves spatulate or lanceolate, acute, an inch or so long, attenuate below to a winged petiole: flowers large and showy, on erect pedicels 1-2 inches I long; calyx oblong-clavate, 8-10 lines long: petals pale pink, twice longer than the calyx, the broad claw not auricled, the cuneate blade 1-6 parted with lanceolate or linear entire or bifld segments ; scales lanceolate, de- current upon the claw, ovary roundish, nearly sessile. Prairies audi wooded hillsides, Willamette valley to California. ' •*-■*- Flowers smaller, 6-8 lines in diameter. •M- Flowers borne in the forks of the branches forming a leafy in- florescence. S. campannlata Watson Proc. Am. Acad. x. 341. Finely glandular pubescent : root thick, simple, caudex branching, somewhat woody : stem 6-10 inches high, simple or dichotomously branched at the su mmit; leaves lanceolate, 1-1)^ inches long, acute or acuminate ; flowers solitary or few, on short deflexed pedicels ; calvx campanulate, 5-6 lines long, the teeth broad, obtuse or acxitish, and finely net-veined ; petals pale flesh- 1 color, 9 lines long, with pubescent scarcely auriculate claws, the limb 4-1 parted nearly to the base, the lobes bifid to the middle, or the lateral onesi entire or notched ; appendages oblong, fleshy, entire ; filaments pubescent, exserted ; ovary suborbicuhir, shortly stipitate. In mountains of southern | Oregon and northern California. S. ttreenli. S. campannlata var. Greenii Watson in Robinson Proc.\ Am. Acad, xxviii, 1S7. Pubescent and viscid-glahdular throughout:! root simple ; rootstock branching: stems slender declined or ascending:! leaves ovate : calyx green, open campanulate, deeply toothed : petals rather I broad, cleft into 4 or more greenish or yellow segments: capsule globular. [ In the mountains from the Cow Creek country to northern California. 8. Meiiisier.ii Hook. Fl. i, 90 t, 30. S. stellarioides Nutt. T. tfe G. i, 193. Finely glandular-pubescent: stems weak, dichotomously branched] above: loaves ovute-lanceolate, acuminate at each end: flowers small: ca- lyx 2-4 lines long: petals 2-cleft commonlj' unappendaged : capsule ovate- 1 oblong, 2 lines or less broad. Common from Vancouver Island to| southern California and the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico. -*■- -t- Flowers few, rather small, white or nearly so, nodding, boriiel in a lax naked pannicle : petals cleft into 4 or more narrowly linear almost | filiform segments ; styles long exserted. S. longistylls Engelm. in Herb. Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxii 469.1 Cespitose with a slender much-branched catidex: finely pubescent through- 1 out, with very short spreading subglandular hairs: stems slender, 6-121 inches high : leaves linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute an inch lontrnri less, mostly radical, the caul itie only 1 or 2 pairs : calyx ovate cylindrical! soon becoming ovoid, the teeth broad ovate, petals white, the narrow clawl scarcely auricled and very pubescent, the blade deft nearly to the baseT SILENE. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 77 into four linear or filiform segments ; appendages linear, entire : stamens and style long exserted, capsule eubsessile : seeds small, dark red. Siski- you Mountains, near Ashland, Oregon, to Scott's Mountain, California, -I- •»- -^ Flowers scattered or variously paniculate: style in- cluded or somewhat exserted : capsule distinctly stipitate : calyx cylin- drical or in fruit clavate or obovate, usually distinctly contracted about the stipe of the capsule. H. Oregana Watson Proc. Am. Acad, x, 343. Viscidly pubescent: stems strict, erect, simple, few to several from a deepperjjendicular root 1- 2 inches long : flowers in an open dichotomous panicle, somewhat nod- ding, upon slender pedicels 3-6 lines long: petals white, 10 lines long, the narrow limb parted to the base and the lobes deeply bifid with filiform segments, the narrow naked claw with the auricl«>s produced upward into lanceolate teeth : scales linear entire : ovary oblong, long stipitate. Oregon andWashington in mountainous districts. S. montana Watson 1. c. 343. Finely pubescent : stems erect from a more or less decumbent base 4-14 inches high : linear-lanceolate or nar- rowly oblanceolate, acuminate 1-2,^ inches long mostly radical ; the cau- line 3-4 pairs, inflorescence varying from subspicate to paniculate ; flowers rarely solitary: calyx 6-9 lines long: petals greenish white to rose-color 2-4 lines longer than the calyx, stamens and style about equalling the pet- als: ovary long-stipitate : capsule acutish. Near Carson City, Nevada, to Mariposa, Cal. Specimens collected in the Siskiyou Mountains near the Oregon line are doubtfully referred to this species. 8. Gormani. Finely puberulent with minute crisj) hairs, glandular above; stems slender, simple, 1-2 feet high: leaves lanceolate to linear, the lower ones narrowed below to a long slender petiole, acute or acuminate: flowers rather few, erect, in a htrict elongated panicle, or sometimes con- tracted to a several-flowered cyme, pedicels very unequal 3-12 lines long, blender; calyx oblong- cylindrical, 6-8 lines long, truncate at base, some- vvliat costate with 10 green ribs, t! seaposa Robinson Proc. Am. Acad, xxviii, 145. Finely puberulent, Bomewhat viscid ab(>ve: stems erect, subsimple almost naked 12-18 inches I high, rather rigid: radical leaves thickish, oblaiiceolate, acute, 3-aerved, j somewhat glaucpus 2-3 Inches long. 3-5 lines broad, cuuline leaves reduced to 1-2 pairs of distant bracts: inflorescence a naiTow rigid panicle : flowers email erect: calyx oblong or elliptical in outline, with simple green nevves : petals white scarcely exceeding the calyx; the blade short, retuse, the claw with somewhat saccate auricles : appendages short, obtuse: ovary shortly Utiped. Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nevius; Cold Camp* Oregon, Howell ^ -t- -tr- ■*- ■*- Inflorescence subspicate or forming an elongated thyrse : styles included or moderately exserted. S> Sconlerl Hook. Fl. i, 88. More of less pul)eBcent and glandular, I especially above : stems stout, erect, few or solitary from deep perpendicu- • roots, 1-4 feet high, leaves oblanceolate 2-6 inches long : flowers some- I v.'Iiat crowded in the axils of the bracts : caJ""*' oblong clavate : petals bi- I fid, the lobes oblong emarginate; the claws w. tcute auricles woolly -cili- ate &8 well as the filaments; scales obtuse; caps Ae ovate-oblong 3-4 times longer than the stipe. Oregon and Washington, east to the Bocky Moun- I tains. 8. Spanldingii Watson 1. c. x, 344, Yiscidly tomentose: stems erect, I stout, a foot hinh or more, simple or branched, very leafy: leaves lan,- jceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, acutish; flowers in a shoili- Istrict, racemose panicle, nodding or erect: calyx oblong-cylindric, 7-« I lines long; petals scarcely exserted, the broad auricled claw naked, the I limb very snort and triangular, notched at the apex and with four small lanceolate scales at the base ; filaments and style included : ovary oblong, 1 shortly stipitate. Eastern Oregon and Idaho. 2 LYCHNIS Tourn. Inst, i, 333 t. 175, L. Gen. n. 584. Erect herbs with the aspect of Silene. Calyx ovoid, obovate, lor clavate, 5-toothed, 10-nerved, usually inflated, its teeth short land not foliaceous. Petals with or without appendages ; the jblade entire or variously lobed or cleft. Stamens 10. Styles 5, 1 rarely 4. alternating with the petals when of the same number, jo vary 1-celled or divided at the base into 4 or 5 partial cells, j Capsule dehiscent by as many c • twice as many teeth as styles, j Seed 8 laterally attached : embryo curved. L. Drammondli Watson Bot. King 37. Finely glandular pubescent labove : stems several from thick rootstook, strict and rather stout a foot or jtwo high : leaves narrowly oblanceolate 2-3 inches long, erect : flowers few. Ion stout strictly erect often elongated pedicels : calyx cylindric becoming loblonB-ovate, 6-6 lines long, with short acutish teeth: petals rarely jslightTv exsertod, white or purple, the narrow emarginate blade narrower jthan tne auricled claw, scales minute, capsule nearly se&sile. Eastern jOregon to Colorado. L. CoRONABi* Desr. in Lam. Diet, iii, 643, Densely woolly-tomentose Ithroughout: stems 1-3 feet high: leaves oval or oblong: calyx ovoid, its Iteeth flliform, twisted, the alternating ribs more prominent: petals large, |light crimson. Escaped from gardens, in several places from Seattle 80 OARYOPHYLLACEiE. A(1R()8TKMMA. CEKA8T1UM. Waahington to California. ' 4 AGROSTEMMA L. .Gen. n. 379. Erect annuals or biennials with linear leaves and shoivy, U!^u-'| ally red, flowers. Calyx ovoid ; with 10 strong ribs, its Iphej^ Cdii- spiouously prolonged into foliaoeous appendages.. Petals '),\ iinappendaged. Stamens 10. Styles 5, opposite the petals, Capsule 1-celled. Seeds laterally .attached: embryo curvtMl, A. GiTHAGo L. Sp. 435. Lychnis Githago Scop. Hir8\xte annual : steins 1-6 feet high, dichotomously branched : leaves'linear : flowers on long pi'l- uncles: calyx cylindrical cainpannlate, with very long teeth, coriaceous: | lietals large, purple, the blade obcordate; scales none, capsule ' sessile, Cultivated fields. a Tribe n. Alsinex DC. Sep-ih free or slightly united at the very base. Petals more or less contracted at base, but not ungiiicn- late, unappendaged, inserted on th". outside of the hypogynous or more or less perigynous disk. Flowers mostly small; styles distinr(\ to the base. Ovary sessile. . ' * Stipules none: petals entire or S-iobed. • •■' 5 CERASTIUM L. Gen. n. 585. Low herbs with white flowers in terminal bracto;tte dichoto- mous cymes. Sepals 5, not oarinate. Petals 5, emurginate o- bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 5, rarely 3 or 4. Capsule cylindn'r or cylindric-conic, often incurved, l-celled., niany-s^'eded,. dehis- cent by twice as many teeth as styles. Seeds subreniform-glo- bose, usually granulate. * Vi:-! id pubescent annuals. C. longripedaitcnlatum Muhl. Cat. 46 C. nutam Raf. Free. Dec. ■%. Erect, usually branching from the base, 4-10 inches high : leaves narrowly oblong or lirtear-lancfeolate, acute, clasping ' }-2-l J^ ini-hes long: cynu's often many-flowered ; pedicels often nodding or deflexed in fruit ; calyx 11^-2 lines long, the petals slightly longer: capsule 4-6 lines long curvt^d. Sandy river bottoms, eastern Oregon to the Atlantic . C. viBcosuM L. Sp. 437. Suberect, 3-12 inches high, dichotomously branched above, leaves ovate or obovate or oblong-. )vate 6-12 lines long: flowers in close clusters on very short pedicels: sepals 4, lanciolate, acumi- nate, with narrow scarious margins 1 1-2-2 lines long: petalfe notched with I rounded lobes, about equalling the sepals : capsule narrow, at length much | oxserted. Throughout temperate North America in cultivated fields, cto. * * Perennials. C. vuLOATu.M L. Sr. nd. 2, "^7. Prostrate and rooting at the nodes or sub- erect, 4-12 inches high , pubescent with spreading hairs : leaves spatulate or oblanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 6-15 'nes long: flowers in clusters at the ends of the branchea, on slender pedicels 1-2 lines long : sepals lanceo- late acute with scarious tips, 2-8 lines long : petals oblong 2-toothed, about equalling the sepals. Common erverywhere, introduced from EurojH^ C. |>il08am Ledeb. Mem. Acad. Petr. v, 539 (?). Erect, rather stout, more or less densely pjiose, glandular-pubescent above, leaves oblong-lan- ceolate 6-12 lines lor g, l-tJ lines broad, acute, almost sheathing at ba.«o: flowers large, few : calyx 3-4 lines long, the ^tals half longer: capsule (i- 1 10 iine» long, the alenaer tseth at length cirdnate. Alaska and Siberia to | CERABTIVM. ALBIMX. CARYOPHYLLACE^. 81 [California. . C. arrense L. Sp. 438. More or less pubescent with reflexed hairs : ces- pitose : stems erect, rather slender, 3-16 inches high : loaves linear or linear- janceolate 6-18 lines long, acute, clasping, those of the stem distant : bracts small : cyme few-flowered, usually narrow : pedicels half to an inch or more long : calyx 2-3 lines long, lanceolate, Var. angnstlfoliiim Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i, 413 ( ?) StemH pubes- icent, hoary or glandular : leaves elongated, linear or narrowly linear- lan- eolate, attenuate at base ; those of the stem approximate : lobes of the pet- i\s oblong-ovate. Oregon. C. alpliinm L. Sp. 438. Densely silky-hirsute : stems weak, decum- ent ana matted: leaves elliptic-ovate, 4-6 lines long: flowers few, on more pr less elongated pedicels; petals bifid, twice the length of the rather ob- tuse scarious-margined and hairy sepals: capsule nearly twice as long as |the calyx. Wyoming to Alaska, perhaps in Idaho. 6 ALSINE L. (not Wahl. Fl. Lap. 127.) Low gpreading herbs, usually preferring shaded or moist j)lnces, with mostly 4-angled stenis, flat, rarely acerose; leaves land small white flowers in cymes or solitary. Sepals 5, rarely 4, Igomewhat united at base. Petals as many, rarely wanting, a)- Viiys more or less deeply 2-cleft, often divided almost to the [base, thus appearing as 10, often perigynous. Stamens 10, or by labortion 3-8, styles 3, sometimes 2, 4 or 5, opposite to as many Igepals. Capsule globose to oblong, 1 -celled, dehiscent to below Ithe middle with twice as many membranous valves as st} les. [Seeds numerous, reniform-globose or laterally compressed. 1 Myosoton Monch Method. 225, (as genus). Styles 5, al- |ternate with the sepals. Leaves ovate, acute. A. AQUATicA. Stellaria aqvatico, Scop. Perennial: stems strongly an- Igled and somewhat pubescent: leaves large ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ■acute, the upper sessile, cordate; the lower petiolate: pedicels glandi.lar- Iviscid deflexed in fruit: petals 13^3-2 times aa long as the campanulate Iglandular-pubescent calyx : styles 5, alternate with the sepals : seeds nu- jmerous dark-colored tuberculately roughened. At Nanaimo, Brit. Colum- jbia, perhaps Washington ; introduced from Europe. § 2 EusTELLARiA Fcnzl. Styles 3 or 4. . ■ * Petals deeply 2- parted, sometimes minute or wanting: segments narrow. -•- I wer leaves contracted to slender petioles. A. medlu L. Sp. i. 272. Stellaria media Cyr. Char. Comm. 36. Gla- IbroiiB or nearly so: stems weak and spreading, rooting at the lower joints, jmarked by a pubescent line : leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 3-9 lines long Ion hairy petioles or the uppermost sessile : pedicels slender, 4-6 lines long, Jdeflexed in fruit: bracts fohaceous: petals oblong, deeply diyided, shorter jthan the pubescent sepals : stamens 3-10 : capsule oblong-ovate 2-3 lines llong, equalling or exceeding the calyx. A common weed in shady places jand cultivated grounds. Faid to be introduced from Europe. A. nltens Greene Bot. Bay. Reg. 33. Stellaria nitons N>dt. T. A G. Fl. i. \M. Smooth and shining, t'lten hairy at base: stems slender,3-8 inches Ihigh erect or spreading, dichotomously branched with the flowers in the [forks: leaves lancer'.ate,, 3-6 lines long, acute, the lower shortly petiolate: Ibracts small and S'.;ariou8 : pedicels not deflexed in fruit: iH'tals narrow, I i m CAKYOI'IIYTJ.ACK.K. ALHINI acuminate, H-nerved, 2 IUu'h \on)i, twice longer than the «leei)ly lobeii yti alB which are HometimeH wanting: ca}>Mnle oblong, Hhorter than the Hi'|ia|| Common in moist open phicen, VVaaliington to California, east to Utah. •4- •*- Leaves all sessile or subsesBile, sometimes narrow but ni)i| acerose. ** Bracts Hmall and scarious. = Flowers small : petals minute or none. A. baicaleiisis Coville Contr. Nat. Herb, iv, 70. Slellaria vmlirll4 Tiircz. Glabrous, stems very slender, ascending from slender rootstoct which are clothed with orbicular scale-like, irolorless bracts: leaves sjim in^, elliptical or olong-lanceolate, acute at eacJiend, 4-8 lines long: fliiwjj in a simple or comiMJund open umbel-like few-rajed cyme : pedicels eli gated: sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1-nerved, \-2}4 hues long: petals no™ mature capsule twice longer than the calyx. Rocky Mountains to Uniij county, Oregon, Cusick. == = Flowers of medium size : ^letals equalling or exceeding tlic| calyx. a Seeds essentially smooth. A. longifolia Britton Mem. Torr. Club v. 150. Stellaria lomfifolia Mim Stems sharply 4-angled, commonly 8 inches or more in height : leaves lil ear or linear-oblong, somewhat narrowed at each end, thickish, often cif ate toward the base ; the larger ones 1-2 inches long : flowers latlil numerous in a lateral long-ped uncled open cyme; pedicels spreading, hoi zontal or deflexed : petals and capsule exceeding the sepals : seeds sniootf Idaho to Canada and Maryland. (Europe and Asia). A. loiiffipes Coville Contr. Nat. Herb, iv, 70. Stellaria longipes GaUi Smooth and shining or glaucous, erect or ascending, 2-18 inches liiJ leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, ^1-12 lines long, 1-1^ lines wide acn| rather rigid and usually ascending : flowers few, on long slender ur f>edicel8 : sepals scarcely nerved \y^-2% lines long : petals about e-8 lines long : seeds rugose Eastern States. Stellaria nliginosa Murr. Low, weak.( leaves lanceolate or elliptical-lanceoliil roughened. Mount Rainier, Piper, to ll *+ ■>* Bracts more or less foliaceous. A. brachypetala. Stellaria brachypetala Bong. S. alpe»tris Fries S. cij ollina Fenzi. Glabrous: stems weak and slender, usually erect, inches high dichotomously branched above : leaves lanceolate, atteniiaj the middle cauline the largest, 1-2 inches long, 1-nerved : pedicels in 1 forks of the dichotomous branches, slender, spreading. 8-^12 lines ionj sepals lanceolate, acute, scarious margined about a line long . peti shorter than the sepals, 2-parted, the segments lanceolate, acute: cupsiJ oblong-ovoid exceeduig the sepals, seeds smooth. In wet places, Oivf to Alaska and the Eastern States. BractM (oliaceouB. ALrtlXK. .\KK\AKIA. cakyopiiyllaoim:, R3 A. bortttlls I!iit(( II .Mini. Torr. Club v, HO. ytillutia IniiraiiH fiigeh (iliiltrous: Btt'iiiH iiPimlly wt'iik, eri'ct or Hproadiii^, l)raiichiiig ^ij-^ "*«* hij.'li : Itmves liiieiir-laiu'eolate to ovate-oblong, ,^-2 inoheH long, 1-5 lines wiile, acute, flowers in dichotomous cymes: sepals ovate to lanceolate, a iiiu' long or more : petals 2-parte(l, shorter than tlie calyx, 2-6 or wanting : cai'cule ovate l)<^-2 lines long, on spreading or deflex'ed pednncles : seeds smooth. Along streams, Oregon, etc., to the Atlantic. A. hmnlfasa. Stellaria hnmifu»a Botth. Low, densely matted, smooth : stems prostrate or ascending, angiilate, shining : leaves elliptic-ovate or ob- long, acutish, 2-5 lines long, marcescent: bracts foliaaMnis: peduncles axil- lary, 4-7 lines long: sepals ovate-oblong acute, narrowly margined, petals somewhat exceeding the calyx : seeds smooth. A. crlspa Holzinger Contr. Nat. Herb, iii, IK). SteUnria crinpn Cham, d- Schlecht. Glabrous: stems very slender, weak and decumbent, (5-12 inches long, simple- or sparingly branched: leaves thin, ovate to oblong- ovate, acuminatw, commonly crisp on the edges, 4-6 lines long : pedicels solitary, S-10 'ines long: sepals scarious-raargined, lanceolate, acute, lVo-2 lines long, 3 nerved : petals when present, deeply cleft, with linear acute lobes : capsule acute, longer than the calyx. A. obtnsfl. Stellaria ohtuxa Etigelm. Bot. Gaz. vii, 5. Smooth: stems weak, nearly simple, 2-6 inches long: leaves thin, ovate to broadly lan- ceolate, acute, S-10 lines long: flowers solitary, appearing axillary: sepals ovate obtuse, hardly at all scarious on the margins: petals none: capsule lJ^-])-2 tinies as long as the calyx, obtuse: seed brown, covered with minute lighter colored oblong tubercles with fringed edges. In wet places on mountains. Blue Mountains, Oregon to British Columbia and Colorado. A. Slmcoel. Pubescent throughout with spreading hairs : densely ces- pitose: stems filiform erect, simple or sparingly branched, 4-8 inches nigh : leaves oblong to elliptical, acute, 4-6 lines long, 1-nerved : pedicels solitary, filiform, 10-12 lines long: sepals oblong, acutish, broadly mar- gined, less than a line long: i)etaTs 2-parted; segments oblong, about half as long as the calyx ; capsule and seeds not seen. In springs on top of the iSimcoe Mountains, Washington. * * Petals retuse or shortly l)ifid, divided but f^-Vg the way to the base, commonly considerably exceeding the calyx. A, Jamesli Holzinger 1. c. Stellaria Jumesii Torr. Viscid alx)ve : stems strongly angled, rather stout and ascending, branched, 1-2 feet high: leaves linear to ovate-lanceolate, attenuate, 1-3 inches long, 2-9 lines wide, acuminate, dark green: pedicels spreading, rather short, at length deflexed: sepals oblong, acute, 2-3 lines long, the biiid petals mostly twice longer: capsule ovate shorter than the calyx: seqds smooth. Woodlands and creek bottoms, northern Califov.iia to Washington, Colo- rado, New Mexico and Arizona. 7 ARENAKIA L. Gen. n. 569. Mostly low, often tufted Jinniuil or perennial herl»s with ses- ifile subulate and more or less rigid leaves without stipules and small white flowers in paniculate or capitate cymes in spring and summer. Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many as sepals, rarely wanting, entire or emarginate. Stamens twice as many as pet- iils. Styles ',], rarely 2, 4 or 5, opposite as many sepals. Cap- sule glol)ose or short-oblong, dehiscent into as many 2-cleft viilves as styles, ww to many-seeded. Seeds laterally compressed ur reuiform-globose. 84 CARYOPHYLLACE^. ARKNARIA. AKKNAKIA. I § 1 M(EHRiNGiA Fenzl, in Endl. Gen. 9(18. Seeds at Icaitl when young provided with a spongy appendage at the hihmi. A. lateriflora L. Bp, 423. Minutely pubescent: stems erect, sU'iderl 4-12 inches hiRh, simple or branched : leaves oblong or ovul obtuso lin(!S long, puh ;tato, hntry on the margin and midril): peduncles I literal and terminal, 2-fic)wered, one of the pedicels bibracteolate near the iniil die: sepals oblong-ovate obtuse, IJ^ lines long: peta^n ■ >blong, obtuHel twice longer than the sepals. In damp shady places, werjiorn Oregon to| the Atlantic Coast. A. macrophylla Hook. Fl. i, 102 t. 37. Stems ascending 3-8 in(^heJ high, mostly simple, leafy,puberulent above : leaves 3-4 pairs, narrowly lanJ ceolate, acute at each end, 1-2 incheslong, thin, bright green, the upper larJ gest: flowers few on slender pedicels; sepals ovate-oblong, acuminate, IJ3T 23^ lines long, 1-nerved: petals obovate, longer or shorter than the sepals; capsule ovoid, nearly equalling the calyx: seeds rather large, smooth Open forests, Brit. Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains. § 2 Ammadenia B. & H. Gen. i, 151. Flowers axillary. Sepall united at base ; styles 3-5 : ovary more or less 3-5 celled, diskl conspicuous 10-lobed and glanduliferou» : capsule globose, 8onie[ what baccate. Seeds not appendaged. A. peploides L. 8p. 42S. Glabrous perennial : stems 6-8 inches high,! stout, angled : leaven thick, ovate or obovate 1 nerved, shortly pointed,! claspir.g at the broad ba'?e: sepals ovat<' lanceolate, acuminate, 3)^ lines! long, about equalling the petals, f^andv seashore from the Columbia riverl northwards and on the northern Atlantic Coast, (northern Europe anii| Asia). A. Sitchensls Dietr. Syn. PI. ii, 1565. A peploides var. major. Honi\ I.e. ion. Glabrous and succulent : 6-12 inches nigh from thick creepinjl rootstocks: leaves oblong to short-spatulate, obtuse or acute, short-apicuT late, fleshy, with narrow, scarious, orenulate margins: flowers axillary, onl short penduDuli'b: lobes of the calyx lanceolate-ovate, acu about a liiiel long : petals obiong, narrowed below to a short claw aboui half as long i tin ^obes of t^8 CiJyx, sometimes wanting. Salt marshes, coast of Oregoii| to Alaska, ?, Meuckia B. & H. Gen. i, 151. Styles 3-5. Ovary 3-5-| inflated: celled : capeule large, depressed-globose, somewhat many-seeded, seeds not appendaged. A. physodes Fisch. in DC. Prod, i, 413. Cespitose perennial: stemsl weak, decumbent, 3-6 inches long : leaves ovate, cuspidately pointed 4-til lines long : flowers solitary at the summit of the stem or becoming lateral! sepals lance-oblong, acute, 3 lines long equalling or slightly exceeding thel petals : capsule 4 lines in diameter. Brit. Columbia to northern Alaskal perhaps northern Washingt'^n. § 4 EuARENARiA Roblnson 1. c. 219. Styles normally 3, capsulel ovoid, dehiscent by 3 2-toothed or parted valves : seeds not| appendaged. * Leaves ovate elliptic or linear, not acerose. A, BEBPYLMFOLiA L. Sp. 423. Diffuse, 3-10 inches high, retrorsely pul bescent: leaves ovate, acute, minutely ci'iate: sepals lanceolate, acumi- nate hairy 3-5 nerved, nearly twice the length of the petals: capsuki ovate, as long as the sepals. Fields and roadsides, western Oregon and | Washington, also in the Atlantic Btates. Var. tenuiob Koch. Hynop. 117. More delicate, leaves reduced: flovyersl li-T IRRXARIA. \KKNAHIA. CAHYOI'IIYLLACE^:. 85 liimillt'r, in a iioarly iiiiktil riu'omoni panicle, niimiili' more oblong. I'ort- I, '»regon and vicinity, (Kurnpt'). i;t'whi t vuhmlia need : flovversl mil * » liCavcH very narrowly linear coninionly aceroee, often rigid and ]i^-2i>^ incliee lonut, fconit'wbat pungent, little gnreading; the caullne few pairs, much reduciu; lUniH 4-8 incFieH in heignt: petaln obovate, cnnHiclerably exceeding the pliort obtuse sepals. Idaho to the Kocky Mountains. A. formo^a Fisch, in DC. Prcdr. i, 4l'.2. More or less glandular-ju- eseent above, erect, 3-12 inches high: leaves linear Fubulate, half to tvo Inclios long, pungent: the cauline few, short and orttt: flcwern fiw in in open cyme ; bracts f-mall, lanceolate : fepals ovatf, acute, 1-2 1' es Icrir. : - nerv(d, membranously margired: petals half longer: ciippi>'' beetling the calyx. In the higher mountains frcm r California. A. acnleat* Wateon Bot. King 40. Leaves fascicled of nu- aerous barren shoots, glaucous, ligid, subulate and stems hearly naked, somewhat scabrous above : flowers few -lender ^rect pedicels: sepals ovate acute: capsule l)ecoming twii> ojiger iiian the alyx, splitting into 3 2-toothed valves: boeds smooth. High hills, south- east (3regon to Nevada. +■ -t- h'epals ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, shorter than the petals. A. congesta T. & G. Fl. i, 178. Pmooth, glaucous, 4-12 inches high: leaves very narrowly subulate, scabrous on the margin, often pungent, the lower 1-3 inches long ; cauline 6-12 lines long : flowers in 1-3 dense subum- eilate fascicles, with large dilated meml)ranaceous bracts : sepals ovate- bblong, strongly concave with scarious margins, 1-3 lines long, acute : pet- kls narrowly oblong, nearly twice as long as the calyx : capsule equalling Ihe calyx. In the mountains from Washington to California, Nevada and Dolorado. •»--.-•«- Sepals lanceolate to lance-linear attenuate, equalling or exceeding the petalr. ■M- Flc were cymose, not densely aggregated. Ai Bnrkei. A. F< ndleri var. subcongesta Watson Bot. King 40, Stems Jeveral from a mor j or less ligneous caudex, smooth or glandular, 4-6 nches high, many-leaved at base: leaves setaceous, somewhat flattened, kiabrous : flowers more or less clustered upon short pedicels or the lateral [nes sessile : bracts broad and scarious : petals but little exceeding the ovate jicuininate scarious sepals. On bleak hilltops, eastern Oregon and Nevada (Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. A. Fendleri Gray PI. Fendl. 13. Stems simple, 6-15 inches high gla- brons below, more or less glandular-pubescent above, imbricately many- eaved at base, leaves long, erect setaceous somewhat flattened scarious-ser- ulate glabrous: cymi % strict, few-flowered: pedicels slender: sepals klandular pubescent, ovate- lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, green with a pi'oad scai'ious margin, nearly equalling the white obovate petals: capsule Ifbout equalling the calyx. New Mexico, etc. , to eastern Oregon. ■><■ ** Flowers densely fascicled at the end ef the stem. A. Franklinii Dougl. in Hook. Fl. i, 101 t. 35. A span or less in height : branches erect, fastigiate, numerous fragile: leaves smooth subulate-setaceous, perjr pungent) an inob loug: flowers fascieledt sepals subulate scarious, ..r,.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 •UUb U 11.6 6" I Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRliT WIBSTIR.N.Y. MSSO (716)172-4503 86 CARYOPHYLLACE^. ARBNARIA. broadly 1-nerved. about eqiialling the oblong obtuse petals: flowers on slioiil pedicels in dense fascicles, crowded with bracts similar to the leaves. ()n| sandy banks along the Columbia river. § 5. Alsine Wahl. (as genus, not Linn.^. Capsule ovoid, 8- valved ; valves entire ; seeds not strophiolatc : matted perennials or delicate annuals, usually with narrow linear subulate or iicc- rose leaves. * Palustrine perennial with weak elongated stems, narrow linear or lance-linear leaves and axillary long-peduncled flowers. A. palndlcola Eobinson 1. c. 298. Glabrous, flaccid : stems several,! subsimple, procumbent, rooting at the lower joint, sulcate, shining, It'afyl throughout: leaves uniform, flat, 1-nerved, acute, spreading, %r\% inchegl long, 1-3 lines in breadth, often punctate, somewhat connate, eliglithl scabrous upon the margins : peduncles solitary in the axils, 1-2 inthe!J long, spreading or somewhat deflcxed : sepals nerveless not at all indurf ated, acutish, about half the length of the obovate petals. In swa]Tip«| along the Coast, San Francisco to Seattle, Washington. * * Terrestrial annuals : sepals neither indurated nor very strongly nerved. = Seeds much flattened, and margined. A. Donglasll T. &. G. Fl. i, 074. Sparingly pubescent with spreading! hfdrs or glabrous, slender, much branched, 3-10 inches high: leaves filiform, [ half to an in spreadT ing: flowers small on slender pedicels: sepals a line lonjg, nerveless: petals! twice longer, narrowly oblong: capsule ovate, a little exL-eeding the sepals! seeds bhusk, turgid, with several rows of minute tubercles along tliel rounded margins. On diy foothills, eastern base of the Coast Mountains in] Josephine county, Oregon. A. Callfornica Brewer in Bol. Cat. 6, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. i, «W,| Glabrous, very slender, 2-6 inches high: leaves lanceolate, 1 -2 lines long,! obtusish: flowers small on slender pedicels: sepals oblong-ovate, acute, D-l nerved, l'-2 lines long; x'^tals spatulate, 2-3 lines long: capsule obloiii;:! seeds small, sharply mmiculate. Moist places, southwestern Oregon aii(l| California. A. pnsllla Watson 1. c. xvii, 367. Very slender, an inch or two higlil glabrous: leaves lanceolate, thick and bluntish, a Ihie or two long: sejiall lanceolate, acute* obscurely 1-nerved: petals very small or wanting: (!ai)siilel o')long-ovate, not exceeding the sepals: seeds turgid and smooth. Ntml The Dalles, eastern Oregon and Washington, in dry prairies: also on tliel plains about Yreka, northern California. * * Annuals or loosely matted perennials: sepals lanceolate, 'acumi- nate or attenuate, strongly 3-5 nerved . A. tenella Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 179. Slender, 2-4 inches high, smootlij leaves filiform-subulate, acute: pedtincles minutely glandular: sepals ovatel lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved \y^ lines long: petals oblong, 2-2^ hues long] ARBNABIA. AL8INBLI.A. CARYOPHYLLACE^E. m Lpsnle but little longer than tlie sepals: seeds turgid minutely rugose tulier- lilate. Cn rocks, Coluipbia river below the Cascades. JA. strlcta Mich X. Fl. i, 274. Diffusely cespitose, glabrous, branching lorn the base: stemH 3-16in(!hes liigli : leaves subulate-setaceous. 1-3-nei-ved, kiiy, fascicled in the axils: petals oblong-obovate twice the length of the Igld, orate, very acute 3-ril)bed sepals: capsule about as long as the calyx. In rocks and sandy ridges, Columbia river below the Cascades: also on the Itlautio coast. * * * Closely tufted perennials: sepals acuminate but not strongly nerved, except in A. propinqna. I A. propinqna Richardson in Franklin Journ, 738, A verna rar. hirta Wation Bot. King 41- Closely tufted : stems, peduncles and calyx finely jiandular- pubescent: leaves nearly or quite smooth: stems tufted, numer- lus, slender, ascending or erect, 1-5 Indies high, 1 -several-flowered; leaves Inear-subulate, flat, obtuse, 3-nerved, usually erect, not Kcjuariose: pedun- les filiform: sepals ovatc-oblong, acutish to acuminate, 1^3-3 lines long ex- Beding the obovate or oblanceolate petals: capsule surpassing the sepals, fiitbe highest mountains, Oregon to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. I A. Nnttallli Pax in Engler, Jahresb, xviii, 30. A. pungens Ntttt in T. & ,FLi, 179 (not of Clem.). Pubescent throughout : extensively cespitose cms numerous 2-4 inches Ugh. leaves linear-subulate, half to two inches kng, pungent, crowded: flowers in an open cyme, leafy bracted: sepals lan- Eolate, acuminate, pungent 1-3 lines long 3-nerved: petals about equalling ne calyx: the capsule shorter: seeds very few, smooth. In moimtainous dis- ficts, California and Nevada to Oregon and Colorado . » « » » Densely cespitose perennials with acicular or subulate leaves and oblong or linear-oblonp', very obtuse sepals. •• ',^ i ' •»- Petals oblong or narrowly obovate. I A. Sajanensis Willd. in Schlecht. Berl. Mag. Natf. (1816) 200. Gla- Jrous, or the inflorescence glandular: ttems simple, usually 1-flowered: faves linear subulate, obtuse thickish, 3-uerved: petals obtuse, about half pDgcr than the oblong sepals. Alpine, Mounts Hood, and Adams to the focky Mountains and Alaska. ■*- ■*- Petals broadly obovate, much exceeding the calyx, jA. arctlca Stev. in D. C. Prodr#i. 404. 8tems 1-3 inches high, often parcely exceeding the leaves: leaves linear-subulatej obtuse fleshy, minutely pliate; peduncles glandular-pulxjscent 1-rarely 3 or 3 flowered; petals about nice longer than the very obtuse 1 -nerved g^'n^'l''' Arctic Coast, perhaps I our nortbern border. < u.. 3 ALSINELLA Dill. SAG IN A L. (Jen. v. 176. Low herbs with subulate or filiform leaves without stipules, Ind small terminal usually long-peduncled flowers. Sepals 4-5, fotals as many as sepals, entire or slightly emarginate, often uinute or wanting. Stamens as many as petals, rarely twice as |ifiny or'fewer. Ovary 1-celled, niany-oyuled. Styles as many sepals and alterna,te with them. Capsule deliiscent to the liiso by as many entire valves as sepal<< and tilternate with them. I A. occidentalls Greene Fl. Franci^. 125. Sagina occiilentalis Watson . Juniial: glabrous or nearly bo: diffusely branched from the base : stems very |emler, 1-fi incites long, deciimlnsnt at base or ascending: well developed. V. ; ( W'- 88 OARYOPHYLLACEiE. ALH1NKLL.A. BPEROUIiA. several-flowered: the loweHt flowers distinctly axillary: leaves not fascicledj 3-6 lines long, pungent flowers S-merous on long pfidicels that are erect iaj fruit: sepals a line long: petals nearly as long: stamens 10: capsule exi ceediiig the calyx. Moist places and along the (>oast, Califomia to Alaska,! A. saglnoldes Greene 1. c. Sagina Linnmi Pretl. Biennial or perennial! glabrous, densely matted and decumbent, 1-3 inches long, rooting andl often forming lateral rosettes: leeves somewhat fascicled, 3-7 lines longi pungent: flowere on long pedicels, ai length nodding : sepals a line longj obtuse, exceeding the petals: stamHns 10: capsule at length nearly twic«l longer than the calyx. In wet places on high mountains, Arctic Americi| to California. A. crasslcanlis Greene 1. c. Sagina crassicaulia Watson. Smooth perl ennial stems several to many, branching 1-5 inches long : leaves linear, puoT gent thickish, 2-7 lines long or more, the basal forming a rosette wliichl may pemisl or not; the cauline connate by broad scarious nv^mbranes : pediT eels numerous, straight : flowers 5-parted, petals and sepals subequal 1^1 lines long : capsule K~^ longer. Near the sea, mouth of Uie Columbia i-iTet| to Monterey, Cal. 9 SPERGULA L. Gen. n. 586. Dichotomously or fasciculately branched annuals with sulml late fascicled or apparently whorled leaves with small scariousl stipules and small white flowers on slender pedicels in dichoto-l mous cymes. Sepals 5, entire. Stamens 10, rarely 5. Ovary l[ celled, many-ovuled ; styles 5, alternate with the sepals. Cap-I sule 5-VJRlved, the entire valves opposite to the sepals. Seeds! laterally compressed, acutely margined or winged : embryo spiral! S. ABVKNSis L. Sp. 440. Smooth: stems several, a foot or two high;! leaves filiform, numerous in apparent whorls, 1-2 inches long; stipuleij small : pedicels at length reflexed: sepals oblong to ovate 2 or 3 lines long! equalling the petals, a little shorter than the broadly ovoid capsnie : seeiil rough, acutely margined. Sandy fields, especially near the Cosgt, Wash-f ington to California; naturalized from Europe, 10 TISSA Adanson Fam. des PI. ii, 507. Low, more or less succulent herbs, usually depressed, with sel taceous or linear fascicled leaves with scarious stipules and smalll white or pink flowers in subracem^^ "^ cymes. Sepals 5. Petalsl 6, rarely few or wanting. Stamens raonly 10. Styles 3, veryl rarely 5. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule .a as many valves as sty lesj when 5, alternate with the sepiia. Seeds often margined. • Perennials with fusiform fleshy roots. T. macrothecmn Brit. Bull. Torr. Club xvi, 129. Lepigonum macrotk\ cum F. de M Perennial, rather stout, 4-12 inches high : decumbent all base, sparingly pubescent, at least above : leaves linear, fleshy, 1-2 inclieal long; with large ovate stipules : flowers large, subracemose ; pedicel* 4-121 lines long becoming reflexed : sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 nerved, mhi-e or lesil tocentose, 3 lines long or more, equalling or exceeding the petals: capsniel ovoid, about equalling the calyx. In salt marshes, Washington to Soutbeni| California. * • Annuals: flowei's axillary. T. saliua Brltton 1. c. 123. Lepigonum marinum Wahl. tpergnla «a-l Una PrttU More or less pubMMnt mr eiten nearly glabroui} mucbl TIBS A. I'BNTAC^NA. ILLECEBRACEiE. Ilbranched, 8-9 inches high; leaves linear, fleshy, )^-l inch long or more: sti- Ipnles short: pedicels 1-9 lines long, rcf.exed: calyx 1-2 lines long: capsule a little longer than the calyx. Along the Coast, Puget Sound to California, land the Atlantic Coast. * * * Pro(;ambent or decumbent winter annuals, scarcely at all fleshy: flovrers small or of medium size; stipules conspicuous. T. rabra Britton 1. c. 127. Spurqularia rubra Presl. Stems spread ling: wiiy, J-10 inches long, smoothish below, fine glandular-pubescent lalwTe; leaves flat above, narrowly linear, cuspidatn ^9 lines long \-\ ■line broad: stipules white, attenuate 2-8 lines long: inflorescence racemi- Ifonn: pedicels filiform, exceeding the bracts and about twice as long as the |obloDg-lanoeolate scaiious-margined acutish glandular-pubescent sepals: ■flowers magenta, 1^ lines in diameter, petals scarcely equalling the calyx: IcapBule equalling the calyx: needs minutely crested but not win^sd. Bcmd- Isides and sandy places, Washington to California and the Atlantic States I (Europe). * * * * Slender spreading or erect annuals foircely flesby; stipules Bhoi't, deltoid. T. diandra Britton 1. c. 128. Spergularia diandria Boiss. "Viscid pa- Ibescent to nearly glabrous; leaves uot fascicled, linear-filiform: pedicels I slender, about two lines long, spreading or deflexed: sepals in fruit 1^ lines I long but little exceeding the capsule: stamens usually only 2 or 8. Sandy (places from the Columbia valley to Texas. Order XII. ILLECEBRACEiE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 127. Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent branching plants with oj)- Iposite or fascicled entire mostly sessile leaves and scarious sti- Ipules, closely related to Amarantacese. Sepals 5, persistent: Ipetals reduced to mere filaments alt«rnate with the sepals or ■wanting. Stamens as man^ as the sepals and opposite them, Ifixed bv the middle introse. Ovary 1-celled by the oblitera- Ition of the dissepiments. Style 2-cleft. Fruit an utricle with ' la solitary or geminate ovule borne on slender funiculi rising Ifrom the base of the cell. Seeds campylotropous. Embryo |more or less curved around the outside of mealy albumen. 1 PENTACiENA Bartling. Low densely tufted perennial, with the subulate leaves densely Icrowded on the branches, dry and silvery stipules and axillary Iclusters of sessile flowers. Sepal-* 5, nearly distinct, hooded, I unequal, terminating in a short divergent spine, the inner Imore shortly awned. Petals minute, scale-like. Stamens 3-5, linserted at the base of the sepals : style very short, bifid. Utricle jincluded in the rigid connivent calyx. P. ramoslssima Hook. & Am. Bot. Misc. iii, 338. Prostrate and mat- Ited, 2-18 inches long, somewhat woolly : leaves 3-5 lines long, pungently awned, at length recurved : stipules lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the leaves, 1-nerved: calyx tube a line long, the divenrent outer lobes pearly twice longer: stamens usually 5: stiemaa subsenilei utriale apiflu* I ate. On th« Nssheire; Oregon to settth«rn Caliiorniai '^ V 90 PORTULACACE.E. PORTULACA. Order XIII. PORTULACACEiE Reichb. Consp. 161. More or less succulent herbs with simple entire leaves diid regular perfect tiowers. Sepals only 2 (sometimes more in Lewisia). Petals 5 and definite or inclefinite, imbricated in as- tivation. Stainens opposite the petals when of the same num- ber or fewer; filaments all fertile, distinct; anthers fixed by the middle, versatile or introse. Ovary 1-celled by the obliter- ation of the dissepiments, with few or many campylotropous or amphitropous ovules on a free central placenta, in fruit be- coming a capsule with transverse or loculicidal dehiscence. Embryo curved or coiled on the outside of mealy albumen. Flowers axillary or terminal . mostly ephemeral. . * Capsule dehiscing transversely near the middle : sepals united to near the middle, and in ours adnate to the ovary, the upper portion at length deciduous< 1. Portnlaca. Petals 4-6 periginous : stamens 9-20. * * Capsule dehiscing transversely at the very base : sepals per- sistent. t» Lewisia. Sepals 6-8 ; marcescent-persistent : petals 10-16 : scapes 1- flowered, jointed and bracteolate near the middle. 8. Oreobroma. Sepals 2 : petals 3-10, usually 7 ; stems sce'>e-like with a pair of (at least when young) opposite bracts below the inflorescence, 1-many-flowered . * * * Capsule loculicidally 3-valved: sepals 2, ovary several- • ovuled: petals 3-several. 4. Calandrinla. »6«ddedi iiKKOBKUMA. PORTULACACEiE. M. V. oleracea L. Sp. 445. GIal)rons and usually purplisli : stems pros- trati', 2-20 inchis long: leaves flat, fleshy, obovate to spatulate, rounded at the summit: ntipiiles minute: sepals acute, carinate ^ petals yellow, 1-2 hint's long ; stigmas 5 : capsule 3-6 lines long: seeds dull, black, finely tu- bterciilate: floweifi sessile, axillary. Cultivated grounds and waste places Ithroiighout Nprtb America, Europe, etc. 2 LEWISIA Pursh. Fl. 368. Low acaulescent succulent perennials with thick flesliy roots, pliort 1 -flowered scapes that are joined and bracteolate near the Iniiddle, and large usually pink flowers. Sepals i\-H distinct, mar- Icoscent-persistent. Petals 8-1 H, large and showy. Stamens nu- Imerous. Style 5-8 jiarted nearly to the base. Capsule circuni- Ipcissile at the very base then bursting irregularly, many-seeded. JSeeds black and shining. Cotyledons accumbent. L. redlviva Pursh. 1. c. Leaves densely clustered at the crown of the Ithit'k caudex, linear-oblong, subterete 1-2 inches long, smooth and glau- Icouh: scapes but little longer than the leaves, sepals broadly ovate, un- lequal, partly scarious (W) lines long, petals narrowly oblong 9-16 lines Ijong, pmk or rcse-color to white : capsule broadly ovate, 3 lines long. On lop of the highest hills and mountains east of the Cascade Mountains rroin California to E^ritish Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. < 3 OREOBROMA Howell Eryth. i, 31. Low acaulescent perennials wiLh fleshy roots with or without a liuulticipital caudex bearing tufted leaves and scapose stems pvhich are jointed at the base and 2-bracteolat.e below the inflor- loscence. Sepals 2, rarely apparently 4, persistent. Petals 3-10 lor more. Stamens 5-20 or more usually not of the same num- Iber as the petals. Style deeply 2-7-cleft. Capsule membran- laceous, circumscissile at the base, thence splitting upwards irreg- |ularly, many seeded. Cotyledons incumbent. * Root branching, the caudex at the surface of the ground : nerves of bracts and sepals excurrent and gland -tipped : stems terminating in open paniculate many-flowered bractod racemes. 0. Leana Howell 1. c. Calandrinia Leana Porter Bot. Gaz. i, .iS. Leives numerous, terete or some of the other ones subspatulate, acute, 1- |2 inches long, smooth and glaucous : scapose stems, 3-6 inches high ; sepals jrounded a line long by \% lines broad : petals 6-8, obovate, bare retuse or lentire 3 lines long, red to white with darker veins. In beds of talc on high ' exposed ridges of the Hiskiyou Mountains. 0. Columbiana Howell 1. c. 32. 'Calandrinia Columbiana Howell Gray iProc. Am. Acad, xxii, 277. Leaves numerous, linear-spatulate flat 1)^-3 I inches long, not glaucous : scapose stems 5-12 inches high : sepals rounded lor truncate, a line long 1)^-2 lines broad: petals 4-7, oblong, more or jless truncate, deeply emarginate to entire, rarely several-toothed at japex, 5-6 lines long, white or pink with ("nrk red veins. On bare exposed Ibasaltic rock along the Columbia river below the Cascades. Cascade 1 Mountains lat. 49, Lyall. 0. Cotjledon Howell 1. c. 32. Calandrinia Cotyledon Watson Proc. Am. \Acad. XX, 355. I^eaves flat, spatulate or oblanceolate 1-2 inches long by 6- 112 lines broad, imbricated in a dense rosulate tuft: sten;? rather stout, 6- 112 inches high, sometimes with 2 pairs of bracts below the short cymose panicle: sepals 1^2-2 lines long ovate or orbicular; petals 5-10, 6-8 lines \&. 92 PORTULACACEiE. ORRORROMA. long oblanceolste, deep rose-color with orange stripe in the centre : Htain- 1 ens about 7, filaments dilated below, coherent in a tube around the 2-4- 1 parted style capsule obscurely 2-4 valved, 12-20 ovuled. On IiIkIi exposed peaks of 6yenitic rock near Preston's peak, Hiskiyou Mountains. 0. HowellU Howelll. c. Calandrinia Howellii Watson 1. 1. xxiii, L'r,2.\ Leaves flat, oblong to ovate, attenuate to a margined ])etiole, 5-7 lines wide, with narrow hyaline crisped margins : stems 4-6 inches hieh with one or two pairs of bracts below the short racemose cymes: ^pals l)a-2 lines long, orbicular to broadly ovate : petals 7-10, oblong-oblanceolate, emarginate or entire, 6-8 lines long, deep rose-color, stamens 7. On high | exposed ridges, Josephine county, southwestern Oregon. * * Long thick root branching below : the 2-3-divided caudex not reaching the surface of the grouna: nerves of the calyx excurrent, but not gland-tipped: stems terminating in a few-flowered umbel. 0* opposIttfoUa Howell I.e. Calandrinia oppofitifolia Watson. Radical! leaves finear-oblanceolate. attenuate to the scarious-margined subterra- nean base i}4-S inches long: the lower cauline 1-3 pairs, opposite and I siw.'iar with occasionally scattered entire bracts above: stems o-lO inches | high bearing a terminal 1-6 flowered umbel: flowers white or pt I»ink on elongated pedicels 1-3 inches long : sepals orbicular, 2-3 lines I ong: petals 10,6-10 lines Irng: stamens 8-12 or more : stvle deeply 3- cleft : capsule oblong, 3 lines long, 5-10-seeded. On wet hillsides about Waldo, Josephine county, Oregon, flowering in April and May. 0. Tweedy! Howell I. c. Calandrinia Tweedyi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 277. Caudex and root very thick : leaves obovate fleshy 2-4 inclies I long, an inch or two wide, scapes a little longer than the leaves 1-3 flow- ered: sepals and bracts entire, the former orbicular: petals an inch long: stamens 10-11 : capsule 20-30-seeded : seeds with a large and loose orbicu- 1 lar arillus. Wenatchee Mountains, Washington, alpine. • * • Root fusiform or conical ; wholly underground : scapes 1-3- flowered, not surpassing the radical leaves. 0. pygmva Howell I. c. 33. Talinum pygmteum Oray Sillim. Jonrn. xxxiii, 407. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear 1-2 inches long, with I broad scarious mai^ined underground petioles: bracts scarious glandular- ciliate: sepals orbicular, glandular-dentate 2 lines long: petals redl about twice the length of the sepals : capsule obtuse, nearly equalling the I calyx, 16-20-seeded. On Mount Adams, Washington to the Rocky Mount- [ atins, Nevada and Calif ornm. 0. Nevadensls Howell J. c. Calandrinia Nevadensis Oray Leaves) linear 2-4 inches long by a lino or two wide, the underground portion di-F lated, scapes 1-3 inches high with a nair of foliaceous linear bracts near! the middle 1-3 flowered: sepals ovoia, more or less apiculate entire, 3-41 lines long: petals 3-10, white, twice as long as the sepals: capsule ellip- 1 tical, a little longer than the calvx: ovules 3-50. Wet alpine meadows and rivulets, Washington to California and Nevada. * * * * Root glandular, comparatively deep-seated : radical few or none : scape-like stems with a pair (or sometimes 3 or whorl) of flowered. opposite fleshy linear leaves near the middle ; leaves 4 in a several- 0. tiiphylla Howell I. c. Claytonia triphylla Watson l. c. x, 345.1 Stems 1-3 inches high: radical leaves, Mhen present, narrowly lanceolate I to linear 6-12 lines long ; cauline 1-4 in a whorl naffowly lanceolate at- 1 tennate below : 1-2 inches long, inflorescence a sevei-aUflowered bracteatel umbel : bracts minute : petals oblong, 2 lines long exceeding the rounded! sepal*. In wet placet on high mountaiug, Califo»&i» to Bipil.- Colnmbia. CAIAWDBINIA. TALINDM. PORTULACACEiE. § S. Capsule 3-valved, S-several-seeded. Sepals S, green herb- \aceQUS, becoming more or less colored. . 4 CALANDRINIA HBK. Nov. Gen. vi, 77 in part. Succulent herbs with alternate leaves and ephemeral flowers in Ibracted racemes. Sepals 2, subequal, persistent. Petals 3-7. Stamens 3-10, seldom of the same number as the petals, appar- ently always hypogynous. Capsule 3-valved from the summit, persistent, several-seeded. Seeds black, minutely tuberculate. lOui species annuals. C. canlescens HBK. 1. c. Glabrous or slightly pubfescent ; stems dif- I fusely branching from the base, decumbent, 3^ inches long : leaves lin- lear to lanceolate, 1-3 inches lone, the lower slender petiofed: racemes Isiiuple: peduncles erect or ascending: buds 4-angled: sepals ovate acute, Istrongly carinate, the keelciliate: petals broadly obovate, 2-6 lines long: jeapsule ovate, acute or acuminate, the valves becoming somewhat in- Idnrated, about equalling the sepals. Roadsides and moist places, Brit* IColumbia to South America. I C. mlcrantha Schl. Linneea xiii. Lit. Ber. 97. Diffusely branched I from the base ; stems slender, decumbent or ascending, 2^ mcheslong: lleaves linear, ciliate on the margins and midrib : racemes simple : pedicels I ascending : sepals broadly lanceolate, acuminate, l>^-2 lines long ; petals l3-7, about a line long: capsule ovate, acute, equalling the sepals. Moist I sandy places along the Columbia river. 5 TALINUM Adanson Fam. des PI. ii, 145. Low glabrous herbs, rarely suffrutescent at base with mostly |linear leaves without stipules and usually white or red flowers in mniculate racemes. Sepals 2, deciduous. Petals 5, sessile, hyp- ogynous, stamens 10-80, adherent to the base of the petals. 5tyle trifidi Capsule globose, 3-valved from the top, many- beeded. Seeds smooth. T. spinescens Torr. Bot. Wilkes xvii, 250. Caudex short, succulent, |l)eaet with small subulate spines which are the indurated and persistent, nidribs of former leaves: leaves terete, 6 lines long: scapiform, pedun<;1es blender, surpassing the leaves : flowers in terminal paniculate n h ed pymes: petals' rose-red: stamens 20-30. WeitalH H-4liii«H lonK, pale .rohc color with (larkiT vt'iiiH: roots ^i|.l 1k)hi'. KiiHtt'ni WuHliiiiKton and Ort'|i;oii to the Koi-ky AIouiitaiiiH, N« vii and California, in monntainoiiH distnrts. €• nmbellata Watson Bot. Kin^ 48, t. H. Soaiione HtemH an iiirlm two high : radical leavcH orbicular to ohhing or ovate on longslemlcr ]*i ioles (often wanting on flowering npecimens) : involucral leaves orhiiiil^ to ovate or rhomboidal, on slender petioles: flowers H-5 in aHuhsehsilc im IhjI, subtended by a broad Piarious bract : ]H!taIs 3-4 lines long, a litiij longer than the founded, obtuse, somewhat scarious sepals: root of viiif OUB shape, usually oblong or fusiform, ^^-2 inclies long. In gravilj ground, Stein's Mountain, southeastern Oregon to Nevada. * » Stems and leaves from the crown of a fleshy root. C. Mefrarrhlza Parry Watson Bib. Ind. 118. Leaves numirdiil cuneate with rounded apex, attenuate below to a margined iKtinf with scarious dilated base 1-tt inches long. 2-18 lines wide; scapose stej not exceeding the leaves : involucral leaves lanceolate or linear ?vm\4 raceme secund, subsessile. with comparatively large acutish PcarioJ bract at base; sepals oblong 2-3 lines long, jjetals obovate subeniaigij ate, a third longer than the sepals. High alpine, growing in crevices i rocks, its large purple tap-root penetrating to a great depth. Blue Mmitl ains of eastern Oregon to the Kocky Mountains. . . 7 MONTIA Micheli Nova Plantarum Gen. 17 t. 13. Low filabrouH and succulent herbs with delicate pale or wliiJ flowers in loo.«e axillary or terininal simple or compouiul J cemes. Sepals 2, rarely 8, persistent. Petals usually 5, nirelyf or wanting ; more or less united at base, usually unequal, ol them a little smaller than the other 2. Stamens 3-5, insertc cl i the base of the corolla, opposite its lobes. Ovary 3-ovuled : ca[ sule 3-valved, 3-seeded. * Leafy-stemmed annuals : petals unequal. t- At least the lower leaves opposite. M. minor Gmelin Fl. Bad. i, 301, (?), Stems weak and filiform, tn ing dense mats 2-10 inches in diameter rooting at the lower nodes : lt'ii\| spatulate or obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, 3-9 lines long : flower line long or less : petals conspicuous a little longer than the calyx : cetl dull black, tuberculate. In wet places and ditches, Washington to nort| ern California. ■*- Leaves all alternate. *♦ Stamens 2 or 3 : opposite the 3 smaller petals. M. Howellll Watson Proc. A nr>. Acad, xviii, 191. Stems slender, i fusely branched % •■'^ inches long, procumbent and rooting at the tiodfj leaves narrowly sp«tulate 2-4 lines long with a dilated scarious claepii base, rarely opposite, usually opposite to a triangular scarious (rlasjiij bract which subtends a few-flowered raceme : pedicels shorter than leaves, reflexed in fruit: flowers verv small : sepals less than a line loii petals 2, rarely 3-5 or wanting ; the 2 larger a little exserted : seeds hla(| sm<)oth and sinning. Willamette valley : flowers in very early sprinj:. M. dlchotoma Howell 1. c. 36. C'laytoniadichotoma Nutt. T. aves lin- ear, sessile by a clasping base, l-'A inches long, flowers in lax terminal oftt'n second racemes : stamens ll, (rarely 2 or 6) : se)>als broa Hallli Greene 1. c. A span high, destitute of stolons or bulblets : * leaves only 2 or 3 pairs: pedicels in fruit ascending : calyx barely a line long: seeds muriculate. Wet ground, Willamette valley. * * * Leaves all radical : stems scapiform : racemes involucrate, petals and stamens 5 each. •K Involucral bracts more or io.<8 united into a disk, other and smaller bracts above them: annuals, apparently confluent in a series. M. perfoUata Howell 1. c. 38. Claytunia perfoUata Dunn WHld. Sp. it, 1186. Bcapose stems 6-12 inches high : leaves long petioled, ovate to del- toid usually acute >^-3 inches broad : light green : involucral bracts com- Sletely joined together forming a perfoliate shallow-funnelform disk : owers in short or long peduncled interrupted elongated racemes : sepals ovate 1-1)^ lines long; petals a half longer: seeds rather small, black and lustroua, lenticular. Common in shady moist places, Vancouver Island to California and the Rocky Mountains, also Mexico and Chile. M. parviflora Howell 1. c. Claytonm parvipmi Dotigl. Leaves light green, spatulate to filiform, including the petiole 2-6 inches long: scapose stems 2-8 inches long, involucral bracts joined together on one or both sides into a perfoliate or clasping or shallow disk: flowers in sessile or short-peduncled racemes ; sepals ovate, a line long : petals but little longer : oe PORTULACACE^. UOtPtlA. ■eedi Bmall lenticular, black and Bhining. Waihington to California. Common in moiHt ihady placaj M • ribra Howell 1. c. AVhole plant unually livid red, Bpreadingl leaves deltoid or rhomboid, abruptly narrowed to a margined petiole 1-9 inches long : scupes 1-3 inches long, more or less depressed ; involnorsT bracts completely united (or slightly open on one side) into an orbicnlai perfoliate disk: flowers in short sessile racemes: sepals orbicular, leiJ than a line long, about half the length of the petals. In dry open wuuli Washington to northren California. M* spAthnUtft Howell 1. c. C7o|/(onian.a{/iu^afa Dcu^/. Succulent anij SlaucouH or pale, scapose httms 1-8 inches long, spreading or erect: IcavJ ender, terete or some of the outer ones becoming spatulate and flatfish] involmral bracts either wholly united and the disk snorter on one euU',\ juined together on one side only and that throughout or only in part : ril cemes short, nearly or quite eessile ; the slender and mostly alternate \wi^ eels 3-4 lines long ; sepals ovate, a line or more long, about half the Icnutl of the white or rose-color petals : seeds minutely tuberculate. In wet ^ij line soil, southern Oregon and California. M* hnmfftasa. Depressed and spreading in a circular manner, furii ing a rosette 1-4 inches in diameter, pale green or yellowish : leaves rathej few, thin, orbicular or rhombic to oblong or broadly spatulate the l)]adiL 2-ti lines long, abruptly or gradually contracted below to a slender petiolJ St-2 inches long : scapose stems numerous, )^-2 inches long: involucriT racts large, completelv united on one edge and little or not at all on lb other, forming a oroaa somewhat angular reniform sessile leaf : floweij glomerate in the axils of the involucre and not surpassing it ; pedicelj about a line long : calyx orbicular to broadly obovate, a line long, petalj not seen : seeds small, very black and lustrous, turgid, with a distinq white appendage at the hilum. in moist places, valley of the Walla Wa river near Milton, May 18, 1896, Howell. This may be Claytonia par flora var. depressa Gray Proc. Am. Acad, xxii, 181. M. tennlfoUa Howell I. c. ClayUnia tenuifolia T. <& O. FL i, i Stems numerous, filiform : leaves narrowly linear or filiform %-2 inchej long, insensibly decumbent into long petioles: involucral bracts linean somewhat dilated at base and then slightly connate on one side, mm longer than the sessile 1-bracteate subumbellate raceme : petals oblong longer than than the calyx, rose-color. In damp places about cliffs, etc] southern Oregon and California. ]!• arenicola* Claytonia arenicola Henderton BvU. Torr. Club xxii 49. "Annual with delicate fibrous roots, 2-6 inches high : radical leaTa linear-spatulate, the broadest not over 2>^ lines wide (generally aboutr line wide) 1-2 inches long, tapering from near the obtuse apex into a dell cate petiole : cauline leaves a single pair, similar to the radical but shorteij opposite and distinct: racemes numerous and prolifically flowered, tli flowers on pedicels >i2-^ inch long ; petals pink-white, 3 lines long, emaJ ginate ; seeds % line long shining and resembling those of 0. ^iberica, bf only half as large. Dry sandy banks along streams as well as dry piiif woods, Idaho and eastern Washington." •«- ••- Involucral bracts distinct ; petals subequal. ** Perennial with creeping rootstocks : racemes without bractlets. M. afiarifolta Howell 1. c. Claytonia asarifolia Bong. Veg. Sitch. )1 (■ f) C. eordifolia Watton froc. Am. Aceid, xrii, 366. Pcapose stems 4-1 inches high from a creeping caudex : radical leaves subcordate or soini what reniform to rhombic-ovate, on long slender pedicels : involucratj leaves ovate acute,>^-l,^ inches long : flf>wers few upon slender pedicels in j long pedunculate naked (or with a single scarious bract) raceme : petals) 4 lines long, thrice longer than the rounded sepals. Alpine and alpefltri^ from Alaska to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains. iipiiAnrRA. M.VPTRinirM. VOmVl.AC\CT./F.. -» «» FcrcnniaiR with n tliick«'ntHl ('rown nnd flbrouH rootn. M. SIblrU'tt Unwfll I, c. :W. Clniitimia Sthirira I.. Sp. M4 f f). ^V»v- HiHc 'tftiiH ((-15 iiii-lit'H lii^h trniii u tliickcniMi crown with filiroiiH riNttn: aiiii il U'avi'H rluinihic-oviitf <>r nciirly nrhiciilHr to hintrulHte, l-;i iiu'hoK tiiiu. 'i."2 i""'l>»'H wiiU': invohicnil Iohvi'm nviitf or Hpatiihitt'ovatc (<> hin- (•ofatt', )^-2 iiicht'H loii^: Howith on Hi<>nlH in clonKiitiMi hnu>t('palH ovat»', aciitt', 1-1 '.j lint'H lonjf ; |K'talH i Mont;, nar- Lwt'il to aHhort rhiw Im'Iow, Noniowluit trniifalc an-«( lincH lon({. Coinnion in nioJHt ttronnd, Alaska to California, W'«'Ht \i tlic CaHcatU' MoiintainH. M. holblfrra Ilowell 1. r. (Irnffonhi hiilhift'ia (Iran I. r. .lii, /i4. HteniH lulu'f Hlemler, 4-12 Incht'H IwkIi, cn'ct or amvndin^ from a fhiHtcr of lull)lt'tH that are thi' HohIij* jterMiHtunt Iuihi'H of fornicr ifavt's: U-avt'H oihic- [liiror rhombic to ianfi'ohlto, <'-IK Hiu'h lonj{, narrownl lu'low t(» a Hh'ndcr I'tiolc 2-4 inclicH lon)< : involucrai k-avi'H orltioniar to ol)ovat»' or i>lli|)tical, \>m\{' hut not connate: raccnu' nolilary and t«'rminal, rarely witli a Heeoncl pie ill the axil of a bract below the terminal one; brtx'tH folineeouH; pedi- el» filiform, 1-2 inelieH hm(?: wpals conlate, 1-2 linen l(»n>t, about as Iroaii, acutieh; jH^talH oblong, emarginate to 2-lobed, A-H lineH huiK, white yitii red or purple veins; HtameuH about half as lon^ aw the petals: eap- Jiilt' Klolxjse: seeds m, opposUe |ie ;} larger petals, exsertcd. Ovary M-lO-ovuled ; style long, hifid tlip apex. Capsule 2-valved, niemhranaceons. Seeds black hid shining. Is. umbellata Terr. 1. c. Stems several from a tliickene*! biennial |)ot, simple, erect or ascending 2-12 inches high : radical leaves H]»ntulate ' oblanceolate, on thick petioles 1-4 inches long; the cauline similar but kialler, frequently scarious-stipulate, often reduced to a few bracts; invo- Icre of broader scarious bracts subtending the dense capitate umbel of tarly sessile spikes : sepals very conspicuous, 2-4 lines in diameter, about lualling the oblong-ovate petals : stamens an Or Co 9S ELATINACEi*:. BLATINS. BEROIA. or compound scorpioid spikes. Sepnls 2, mostly unequal, o\ ate| or orbicular, more or less scarious. Petals 2-4. Stamens \-\ shorter than the petals and alternate with them. Capsule miini branuceous 2-valved, 6-12-seede(l. Seeds black and shining, cir cinate, compressed, on filiform funiculi of unctjual length, risinjl from the base of the cell C. roseum Watson Bot. King 44 t. 0. ligs. C-8. Diffusely brantliiHll stems decumbent, 1-.3 inolies long: leaves oblong-spatulate, attenuate all the base: sepals very unequal, nearly orbicular, 1-8 lines broad: petalJ minute, rounded-oblong: capsule oblong-ovate, shorter than the ciilyxl style very short. Southeastern Oregon to Nevada and California. Order XIII. ELATINACE^ Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 8S. Low annuals with opposite dotless me/nbranous stipulitel leaves, regular and symmetrical flowers with hypogynous petT als and stamens and distinct styles bearing capitate stiginasj Sepals 2-5 distinct, persistent. Petals as many as the sepalsl and alternate with them. Stamens as many or twice al many as the petals. Ovary 2-")-celled. Capsule 2-5-valveill croAvned with the persistent styles or stigmas : placentae in tlil axis. Seeds anatropous cylindrical with crustaceous coat oiidj little or no albumen. 1. Elatiiie. Parts of the flowers each 2-4, sepals obtuse. 2, Berglai Parts of the flowers each 5, sepals acute. 1 ELATINE L. Gen. n. 502. Small prostrate glabrous annuals, growing in water or wi places with entire leaves and solitary flowers. Sepals 2—1, nitiii branaceous, obtuse, nerveless. Petals as many as sepals. Stai ens as many or twice as many as petals. Styles 2, 3 or 4. Ovaiij globose, with the placenta? in the axis, many-ovuled. Ca|)sulij membranaceous 2-4-celled, the partitions remaining attached tl the axis or eviinescent. E. Americana Arnott Edinb. Journ. Sci. 1, 430. Low and depresaJ 1-6 inches in diameter, rooting at the nodes : leaves obovate, very obtufel flowers sessile, purplish : seeds cylindrical, slightly curved, about one[ third of a line long, very minutely pitted in 9 or 10 longitudinal iineij Lower Columbia river bottoms ; also in the Eastern States. Et Callfornica (iray Proc. Am. Acad. xiii. .%1. Floating : leaves nlii| vate, attenute at base, the lower with a iK'tiole not longer than the bladJ flowers shortly pedicellate, with .3 or 4 sepals and petals and twice 4 many stamens : seeds circinate-incurved nearly onethird of a line ioiiJ minutely pitted in 10 or 12 lines. In Sierra valley, California ; Spokauf Falls, Washington. 2 BER(UA L. Mant. n. 1309. Branching and ol'ten pul)escent nearly erect annuals with fiJ tire or serrate leaves and fascicled or solitary flowers. Sepals J with a strong midnerve or herbaceous in the middle, acutl Ovary ovoid. Caj)sule subcrustaceous, o-valved, more or lesj of the partitions in dehiscence remaining with the axis. BLATINX. BBRGIA. qual, o\ate| amenB \-?.\ )sule mt'iiii hining, cirJ igth, risiiJ branc'lii'ij; attenuatf all iroad : pt'talj the calyxl •nia. d. 2, 8S. s stipulntel ynous petj ,te stigmas,! the sepalsl twice aJ 2-5-valve(l,r entse in tliel us coat ni HYPERICUM. hypericacej:. m ator or wv s 2— J, niciiiJ mis. StiiiiiJ 3r 4. () villi eii>siil( attached tl nd depresi?(ilJ very obtus'l i, about oiief fudinal lineil ? : leaves olni an the bladel and twice; a line loiiJ nia ; SpokHiil als witli eii Sepals Idle, aoutfl Dre or lei B. Texaiia Seubert in Walp. Rep. i, 285. Glandular pubeficent, bi;iiiohing from the base, 2-10 inchen high : leaves oblanceolate, acute, ser- rate, ^-^-l)^ inches long, attenuate to a short petiole: flowers fascicled, sliDrtly pedicelled: sepals t^arinate, l^o lines long exceeding the petals and rttiiine'ns: capsule globose: seeds smooth and shining. Moist or very wet places along rivers and ditches, Columbia river to Nevada, California aixd Texas. Order XIV. HYPEUlCACEvl^: I.indl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 77. Herbs or shrubs with opposite entire leaves, punctate with immersed pellucid resinous glands and often sprinkled with black glandular dots or lines, witliout stipules. Calvx of 4 or 5 persistent sepals imbricated in the bud. Petals as many, convolute in the bud, deciduous or withering, iisually glandu- lar-punctate. Filaments mostly in 3 sets or bundles. Styles 2-5, usually distiuct or becoming so. Stigmas terminal. Ovary and capsule with 2 5 parietal placenta', or 2- Tv celled by their union in the axis. Seeds anatropous, witli a somewhat crustaceous coat, tilled by the straight cylindraceous embryo. Only one genus in our range. , ; ; 1 HYPERICUM L. Gen. n. 9()2. Herb.s or shrubs with simple entire opposite leaves without sti- pules and yellow Howers in cymes. Sepals 5, rarely 4, similar. Petals as many, oblique. Stamens numerous, sometimes few, in 8-5 clusters : filaments united at base into 8-8 phalanges or dis- tinct. Ovary 1-celled with parietal placenta' or 8-5-celled with placenta' in the axis. Styles 8-5 distinct or united : stigma often capitate : capsule conical to globose. * Stamens numerous, distinct or united into sets: styles 3, long and distinct: capsule ovate, 3-celled, more or less glandular: tall per- ennials with opposite leaves. H. PERFORATUM L. Mucli branched, 1-4 feet high : leaves linear to ob- long, obtuse, mostly tapering at base, H-12 lines long, 1-5 wide: flowers numerous in loose cynies, about an inch in diameter: sepals narrowly lan- ceolate, very acute or acuminate : petals bri; 'it yellow, black dotted along the margin : capsule conical-ovate 2-;» lines long. Very common in fields and along roadsides. Introduced from Europe. H. Scoalfri Hook. Fl. i, 111. f^imple or sparingly branched above, often with numerous small branchlets from running rootstocks, 1-2 feet high : leaves thin, shorter than the interncjdes, about an inch long mostly iibtuHe, more or less clasping, usually black dotted along the margin on the under side: flowers G-12 lines in diameter, in more or less panicled cymes: sepals oval or oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long, or less: petals lines long, ubovate : stamens numerous in 3 fascicles, 3-celled. In wet meadows and by streams throughout the Pacific t^tates and Territories, flowering in summer. ** f^tamens 15-20, mostly in 3 clusters; styles .'5 or 2, short and distinct, stigmas capitate: small slender annuals with small flowers: petals shorter than the sepals. H. aiiUKalloIdcK Cham, i^ Schlect. liiniia'a iii, 127. Procumbent, dif- fusely branching, often forming dense mats: stems 1-12 inches long: leaves oblong to broadly ovate, ohtuse, 5-7 nerved at base, 2- veined leaves and usually showy flowers. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or rarely dioecious oi' poljgamous. Sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4, valvate in the bud, more or less united at bast;, often haviiig an external calyx or involucre. Petals hypogyn- ous, equal in number to the sepals, twisted in the bud. Stamens hypogynous, commonly indefinite in number, rarely as few as the petals, united below into a monadelphous tube or ring : anthers 1-celled, reniform, bursting transversely. Ovary form- ed of several cairpels around a common axis, either distinct ov cohering. Styles as many as carpels, united or distinct Fruit capsular or rarely baccate : carpels 1 to many-seeded sometimes closely united, sometimes separate or sepirable. Seeds cam- py lotropous or heterotropous with little or no albumen. Em- Ibryo curved : cotyledons foliaceous, twisted and doubled up. * Styles stigmatic on the inner face: carpels indehiscent: ovules solitary, ascending. 1. Malva* Bractlects 1-3, distinct : axis broad, shorter than the numer- ous carpels, filaments in 1 series. 2. Sidaleea. Bractlets none. Filaments in 2 series; those of the outer series united into 5 clusters: carjiels 5-10, covering the axis. * * Htigmas capitate : carpels mostly dehiscent, at least at the apex. 8. SphiPralceat Bractlets 1-3, ovules 2, the lower apcending, the up- per pendulous. 4i Sida. Bractlets usually none: ovule solitary. 5. Abntilon. Bractlets none : ovuled 3-4 in each cell. 1 MALTA L. Gen. n. 841. Hirsute or glabrate herbs with nngnlarly lobed or dissected leaves and mostly showy flowers solitary in tbe axils of tlie leaves or rarely in terminal racemes. Calyx 5-cleft, with an in- volucre of usually 8 oblong or setaceous bractlets or rarely none. Petals 5, obcordate. Staminal column divided above into numer- ous filaments. Styles filiform, stigmatic on the inner side. Car- pels numerous with a single ascending ovule in each. Fruit de- pressed, the numerous free carpels separating from the broad and not projecting axis, indehiscent, beakless. M. BOREAMS Wall, in Liljebl. Sv. Fl. ed. 2, 218. Annual, erector some- SIDALCEA wiiiitdecumi nil ire or less 1-:; lines loi fruit: petal! weed from E M. ROTUN loii)i, leaves puliescent i long-linear : purple: carj troiluced froi Herbs \^ wliite fiow^ iyx 5-parte outer seri( tlic inner ( Carpels 5-*. maturity fr Ours all p( S. glaac eHcent, and f bent, 2 feet l)arted, the i' entire: racer Illuminate : with distinct to Mount h'h S. malvH little decum on the calyx gins ciliate crenate-incii segments : r of the caly: smooth, dep S. Tirga thick somei 6-24 inches petioled, thi coarsely to< sparsely so lobed or pa segments: 1 calyx lobes minutely ei ette valley ' H. spica hairs simpL to the untie 2 feet high, leaves orbi( SIDAIX'RA MALVACEiE. 101 wliat rlecumoent, hairy or nearly glabrous : leaves roiind-cordate, crenate, iiinie or leas strongly 5-7 bed; jteduncles axillary, solitary or clustered, 1-:! lines long: calyx ?o acute, becoming very broad and enlarged in fruit: petals 2-3 lines .,,j: capsule transversely reticulate-rugose. A Wivd from Europe, on iha Coast from Puget Souml to Lower California. M. ROTUNDiFOLiA L. Stems prostrate from a j)erennial root, 6-20 inches ioiiji, leaves cordate-orbicular, obtusely 5-lobed and crenate (tn elongated piiliescent petioles: pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered involucral bracts ob- long-linear: calyx lobes acutely triangular: petals 4-0 lines long, pale purple: carpels numerous, wrinkled. Roadsjdes an Herbs with more or less deeply lobed leaves and purple or while tiower.s in a terminal raeeme or spike: involucre none: ea- lyx 5-parte(l. Staniinal column double, the filaments of the outer series united usually into ") sets opposite the 5 petals, of tlif inner distinct. Styles filiform, stigniatie on the inner face. Carpels o-O, with a single ascending seed in each, separating at iiiatiuity from the short axis, sometimes beaked, indehisoeut. Ours all perennials. - -< * Pubescence not hirsute. S. glaacescens Greene Bull. Cal. Acad: .S, 77. Minutely stellate-pub- eHcent, and somewhat glaucous throughout : stems numerous and decum- bent, 2 feet high, rather slender: leaves, even the lowest, palmately 5-7- parted, the crenate divisions 3-5 lobed or toothed, those of the uppermost entire: raceme simple, loosely Howered : divisions of the calyx attenuate- iK'uminate: petals deep purple, obtuse or at most only truncate: carpels with distinct longitudinal reticulations. Oregon, i/a//; station not noted to Mount Shasta and the Sierra Nevada IMountains, California. S. malvieflora Gray PI. Wright i, 10. Stems 2-4 feet high, erect or a little decumbent, mostly solitary from a fusiform root : hirsute below and on the calyx and pedicels ; short, stellate puliescence wanting : leaf mar- gins ciliate: radical leaves orbicular with open sinus and 5-9 shallow, crenate-incised lobes : the uppermost cauline 5-7-parted into linear, entire segments : raceme usually solitary, virgate : pedicels erect, twice the length of the calyx, the lobes of which are broadly ovate, acuminate: carpels smooth, depressed. Idaho to Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. S. Tir|irata> Stellate pubescent throughout: stems numerous from the thick somewhat woody root, spreading or ascending, sparingly V^ranched, 6-24 inches high : leaves orbicular in outline, 1-4 inches in diameter all petioled, the lower more or less deeplv 5-7 lobed, the obtuse, oViKjng lobes coarsely toothed at the apex, densely stellate-pubescent beneath, more sparsely so with more simple appressed hairs above : upper more deeply lobed or parted with linear-acute or acutish entire or sparingly toothed segments : flowers bright purple in virgate racemes : bracts setaceous, calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 lines long, rounded, or retuse and minutely erose-dentate at the apex. Common on dry hillsides, Willam- ette valley to the northern boundry of California. * * Pubescence of two kinds, hirsute and stellate. S. spicata Greene 1. c. 76. Equably hispid-hirsute throughout, the hairs simple and not deflexed, stellate pubescence sparse, mostly confined to the under surface of the leaves and the calyx where it is fninute : stems 2 feet high, strict and simple, or with a few short branches above : lowest leaves orbicular, lobes anct teeth shallow, rounded ; cauline parted into 7. p: 102 MALVACK^. HIDAtCKA. 8PII.KRALCKA. variously incised, or tlie uppi'miost linear and entire segments: rao'inei short, spicate-crowded : petals deeply notched, half inch lonjj: i>edi.(|!i very short: calyx thin, very hairy, its lohes ovate acute or acuminate: .ari pels small, smooth. (Southwestern Oregon tt» California. S. Ciinipestrts (ireene I. c. Bristly hairs of the stem ahundant, foikHJ from the very base anddeHexed: leaves soft beneath with stellate pulK^sl conce which becomes dense on the pedicels and calyx: stems erect, 2-tij feet high simple or slightly branched above: lower leaves orbicular, aiiiiuti IMobed, the middle and upper 7-<»-parted, their segments with 3-5 liiifarl spreading lobes : racemes short: petals emarginate, an inch long: calyx I lobes lanceolate acuminate, 3-nerved ; carpels papillose-hirsutt^ In moist | places, Willamette valley. S. Orenrana (iray 1*1. Fendl. 20. vSlender, 1-3 feet high, merely ^ulicrl ulent or glabrous up to the simple or paniculate racemes : foliage as in the! K receding, but the segments narrower; lobes of the calyx canescentT roadly deltoid : petals 6-9 lines lojig: carpels obscurely rugulose-retinil lated, at least on the dorsal angles and sides, the back smoothish. C'omj mon in wet meadows and swales, British Columbia to California, east to| Idaho. S. Henderson! Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxlii, 262. "Tall and apparl ently perennial (3 or 4 feet high), glabrous throughout, the stem simple nrl nearly so: leaves palmately 7-cleft to below the middle, the mostly broadl segments coarsely lobed and toothed, the upper leaves 3-6-parted and thel segments narrower: flowers large (9-12 lines long), in a loose raceme, thel pedicels (1-3 lines long), shorter than the linear bracts: calyx large (U inch long in fruit), the leaves ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate: carpelsl few (8), smooth and glabrous, 2 lines long including the conspicuous linf ear beak. Near the shore of Clatsop Beach, Henderson," to Seattle,! Washington, Piper. 3 ►SPH^:EALCEA St. HU. pi. Us. t. 51. Herbs or shrubs with angular or lobed leaves and mostly showy flowers, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves or bracts, or in terminal racemes. Involucre 2-3-leaved, setaceon often deciduous. Calyx 5-parted, staminal column simple; free filaments terminal and distinct, numerous. Styles 5 or more, with capitate stigmas. Ovules 1-8, one ascending and maturing, the others pendulous and abortive. Fruit conical. Carpels i- valved above, the upper portion where the seed is wanting thin- walled and smooth, the lower half rugose-reticulated on the sides, Seeds reniform. * Carpels 1-2, ovulate, the upper ovule when present abortive, length directly deciduous from the axis, Malvastrum 'jlray, in part. at S. Mnnroana Spach. Hist. Veg. iii, 353. Malvastrum Munroauim Oray. Grayish or hoary with dense stellate pubescence, branching from the base, 1-2 feet long, usually spreading or ascending: leaves broadly ovate, usually cordate at base, more or less deeply 3-5-lobed, crenately or acutely toothed, 1-2 inches long, equalling or exceeding the slender pet iole; calyx lobes acute or acuminate, ^-4 lines long: petals'scarlet, broadl) obovate, ()-10 lines long: carpels oblong 2 lines long, pubescent on the back. On gravelly banks along rivers, eastern Oregon and Washington to Nevada and Utah. * * Carpels 2-3 ovulate, 1-3 seeded : when separating from tlie axis cohering by their sides and at base held by a kind of thread which at length either tears away from the back of the carpel or el.«e is carried away with it. Tall perennial herbs. srDA. MlUTILOX. MAI.VACE^:. 103 S. acerlfolla Nutt. T. &G. Fl. i, 228. .Scabrous with stellate pubea- ceiii e: stems stout, mucli branched, 3-6 feet high : leaves cordate, deeply ,1-7 lobed, lobes acute, coarsely serrate : racemes leafy below, naked above, the flowers clustered on short peduncles : lobes of the calyx broadly tri- an^iular acute or acuminate: petals 9-15 lines long, carjjels hirsute on th* back. On the Columbia river and its tributaries from the Rocky Mount- aiiiH to the ocean. H. leptosepala Torr. Bot. Wilkes 265, of the upper Columbia has slen- der iieduncles and caudate-attenuate calyx lobes. I have been unable to pee cither a specimen or a description of it. 4 SI DA L. Gen. n. 837. Pubescent or tomentose herbs with white or yellow axillary solitary fascicled flowers. Calyx usually without bractlets. Stiiminal tube simple antheriferous at the summit. Petal soblique. Styles 5 or more with capitate stigmas. Carpels as many, 1- ovuled, indehiscent or 2-valved, at length separating from the axis. S. hederacea Torr. in Gray PI. Fendl. 23. Stems decumbent from a perennial root, leafy, a foot long or less: leaves reniform, about an inch broad, very oblique, serrate or crenate, shortly petioled: flowers in short axillary panicles or solitary, the pedicels at length deflexed : calyx with 1 or 2 setaceous bractlets at base, the lobes acuminate: petals yellowish, pu- bescent externally, 4-6 lines long, carpels 6-10, triangular, r>a lines long, flmooth. From Washington (near Walla Walla) to Arizona and New Mexico. S. SPINOSA L. Sp. 683. Annual : minutely and softly pubescent, much branched, 10-20 inches high : leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, serrate, rather long petioled : peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petiole, "flowers yellow, small: carpels 5, each splitting at the top into 2 beaks. On the ballast ground at Portland, Oregon. 5 ABUTILON Tourn. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with cordate, rarely somewhat lobed, leaves and solitary axillary flowers. Calyx 5-cleft, without an involucre. Ovary .T-many-celled with 3, rarely more, ovules in each cell. Capsule composed of 5 or more 2-valved, 3seeded, rarely 4-6-seeded, carpels. Peduncles axillary, solitary or rarely in pairs, 1-many-flowered, sometimes by the abortion of the up- per leaves apparently in terminal racemes. None indigenous but the following one introduced and liable to become common. A. AvicKNN^ Ga'rtn. Fr. ii, 251, t. 135. Annual: stem 2-5 feet high with spreading branches: leaves orbicular-cordate, abruptly acuminate, 4- (') inches in diameter, velvety tomentose, crenately toothed : flowers usually solitary on axillary peduncles, sometimes 3 or more on short flowering branches which bear 1 or 2 small leaves, orange-yellow: carpels about 15, 3-Beeded, inflated, truncate, birostrate, the long beaks spreading in a ra- diate manner. Waste places and roadsides. Introduced from India. Order XVI. LINACE.E Dumort. Comm. Bot. 61. Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or low shrubs. Leaves alternate sometimes opposite or subverticillate below : simple, generally entire, sessile or nearly so, mostly estipulate. In- florescence usually cymose. Flowers hermaphrodite, 4-5-mer- 1 I 104 LINACE.*:. MNOM ICRANIUM. OU8, hypogynous. Sepals valvate and petals convolute in tliel bud, cliHtinct or nearly ho. 8tamen»ras many an petals and all ternate with them, united at base, sometimes with intermediiitel processes pirsistcnt: anthers oblong, introrse more or less \t'r[ satile, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Styles 2-5. 0\Hrv| slightly 4-10-lobed its cells equal in number to the stvles oJ twice as many fr persistent or at length deciduous. Petals fugacious. Capi^nltl splitting through the false partitions and also septicidal in niosil species. * Pedicels elongated : flowers large blue. L. Lewisil Purfih. Fl. 210. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous 2-3 t'lHl high : stems mostly cespitosely clustered, striate: leaves often somewhat I crowded, oval-linear, acute or obtusish, 3-5-nerved: flowers somewhat (•(irf ymbose: sepals broadly oval mostly pointless, the inner scarious margined:! petals 5-8 lines long, tnrice the length of the calyx: stamens equal tourj twice the length of the sepals, appendages slender : capsule two or tlireel times as long as the calyx ovoid, obtuse, incompletely lO-celled and lol valved, the valves dehiscing widely above and separating nearly to the! centre below, the septa ciliate. Alaska to ^Saskatchewan and the Grealf Plains, south to Arkansas and Texas, west to the Cascade and Siskiyou | Mountains. ** * Pedicels often elongated, flowers of medium-size or mostly small, yellow, white or rose -purple : sepals usually glandular-ciliatc, persistent: petals commonly with lateral t«eth and 1-3 ventral ap- pendages at base: fliaments without intervening appendages but sometimes 2-toothed at base : carpels 2-3 without cartilaginous inser- tions: styles distinct ; stigmas small, oblique or subcapitate : capsule with firm septa, long, ciliate at base, the false partitions mostly incom- plete seeds mostly plump: annuals. L. dlgyiium Gray Proc. Am, Acad, vii, .')34. About a span high, ^ia- 1 brous, stems slender, several times forked, rather prominently anfjldl abive: leaves mostly opposite elliptical-spatulate, the lower obtuse andl entire, the upper acute or mucronate and remotely serrulate, flowers at [ length corymV)ose or 8ubracemo8e,smalf,yellow: pedicels short about equal! to the flowers: sepals ovate-oblong rather oV)tU8e, minutely serrulattif glandular and lacerate below, two of them mostly conspicuously loiigerj and very blunt; petals epatulateoblong, truncate or emarginate not ap-l pendaged about a line long, one half longer than the sepals : stamens andl pistils a little shorter than the calyx: carpels 2: capsule a little shorter| than the calyx, completely 4-cellea. Washington to northern California. L. mlcranthnm Gray 1. c 333. A span to a foot high, glaucous, some- what soft-pul)escent, loosely dichotomous with slender terete branches; leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, entire, 1-nerved: pedicels slen- 1 der, longer than the minute white flowers : sepals ovate-lanceolate to oblonnj the inner slightly glandular (uliate: petals obovate, about twice the length I of the calyx, not toothed and without lateral apx)endages. the median apf Eendflge ligulate and loosely hairy: fliaments round-toothed and sliglitlyj airy at uaee: capsule ovoid, acute about equal to the calyx, the faU« 6. MOLLH L M .KRAMUM. GERANIACE/K. m Iflili incomplete extending half way to the axis below the middle, nar- r)w* livUive. California and Oregttn. IOhderXVIT. (JKKANIACK/K J.St. Hil. Expos. Fam.ii, 51. Horbs or shrubs with toothed, lobed or compound leaves, l)erlt!ct regular or irregular but commonly hvui metrical flow- prs on axillary peduncles. Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud. Petals 5, general'y imbricated in the bud. Stamens mostly in two sets, those alternate with the petals sometimes [iterile: filaments either dilated or monadelphous at base. )viiry formed of 5 1-celled carpels around a central axis with aiiatiopous ovules in each cell of which only J matures, lej)arating elastically at maturity from the long-beaked and [nchuated central axis from below upward, the styles form- ing long tails which become revolute upward, or spirally iwisted. Embryo filling the seed. Cotyledons convolute pleated and incumbent on the radicle. (leraiilani. Fertile stamens 10; tails of the carpt-ls not beardeil. Krodiuni. Fertile stamens 5, tails of the carpels bearded.' 1 (iERANIUM L. Gen. n..8:«. Usually caulescent herbs with simple radiately-divided,i)etioled tipulate leaves and 1-8 flowered peduncles with a 4-brac'led in- olucre at the ba e of the pedicels. Sepals 5, imbricate<' in the; ud, persistent. Petals o, deciduous. Stamens 10, nil ant heri fer- ns (except in G. pusillum), mostl}' united a little at base; fila- lents slender in 2 sets, with a gland behind the base of each of he shorter ones. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled : style 5-lobed at the iinmit, the lobes stigmatic on the inner face. Carpels at ma- iirity separating from the long-beaked axis and borne on the re- urving persistent beardless styles, (except in G. pusillum). * Annuals with small flowers, the petals not exceeding the sep- als: perhaps introduced, but now thoroughly naturalized. 4- Sepals awned : carpels hairy, at maturity detached from the axis and borne on the recurved style. 6. Carolliiianum L. tSp. ii, 682. Erect, diffusely much branched from tie base or nearly simple 4-20 inches high, pubescent: leaves l-2}4 inches 1 diameter, palmately 5-7-lobed or parted, the divisions cleft into oblong- near lobes : pedicels short, crowded at the end of branchlets : petals ob- ordate, pale flesh-color, equalling the awned sepals : carpels pubescent : Beds obscurely reticulated. Common from Brit. Columbia to California nd across the continent. tt. D1B8ECTD.M L. Amcen. iv, 282. Decumbent or ascending, 6-20 idles long, dichotomously branched, pubescent: leaves 5-7parted; the ivisions deeply and unequally cleft into linear lobes : peduncles elongated sually solitary in the forks of the branches: petals rose-color, a little mger than the ovate acuminate sepals: carpels hairy: seeds strongly Bticulated. Cultivated grounds about the mouth of the Willamette river. +■ ■*- Pepals not awned, mature carpels detached from the axis and some on the recurved style. 6. MOLLH L. Sp. PI , ii, 682. LoW^ dtender, diffuse, the branches a f«W ^. 106 (iERANIACK^i:. OKRANM'J., KKoniDM. inches to a foot long, the herbage softly and somewhat clammily viiltiiu| leaves an inch broad or more, cleft into oblong obtusish loV>es : sepals (vii oblong, not awn-pointed : petals very small, rose-color : carpels glalrnJ transversely rugose : seeds minutely striate. Plentiful northward, t'roj northwestern California to Brit. Columbia. ■*-■*-■*-' Sepals not awned : carpels rugope, not hairy, at matinitvl remaining on tli(? axis, not borne on the recurved style. 0. PUBiLLCM L. Sp. ed. 2, 957. vSoft-pubescent or the pedicel.^ am calyx villous and UHually glandular: stems slender or ascending, ;^-(5 iticl long: lower leaves orbicular an inch or less in diameter equally dolt inil 7-5* linear or oblong lobes, each more or less regularly 3-toothed ut tU apex ; cauliiie round-reniform, 6-7-parted, the ^divisions cleft into lin« lobes : peduncles often in the axils of bracts opposite the leaves, >'liiin| sepals ovate, acute or acuminate not awned: petals -pale purple, alxj equalling the calyx, usually only 5 of the filaments entheriferous : ciirini . fine, canescent, keeled, not wrinkled: seeds smooth. Common in on places throushout the Willamette valley; introduced from Europe. ** Perennials: flowers large : stems naked below, dichotomoiisl branched with opposite leaves above : sepals shortly aristate, scarionul on one side, the scarious portion often extending lobe-like beyond tin apex : filaments and petals pilose at base. Gt Fremont! Torr, in Gray PI. Fendl. 26. Rather stout, more or I pubescent throughout .with a close glandular pubescence, sparsely intii mixed with longer pilose hairs : radical leaves 7-cleft, the segments :'>-\m or incised; cauline 3-6 cleft, the divisions 3-lobed ; petals obovate twii the length of the sepals : villous at base. Dry open hillsides, Idaho toll Rocky Mountains. G, Richardsonl F. «f. M. Ind. ►Sem. Petr. iv, 37. Erect with sliiiii branches lJ^-3 feet hie^h: pubescence usually fine and apjjressed : kaij deeply 5-7-cleft, lobes sharply incised : pedicels and sepals glandular jiiloi petals entire, hirsute at base. In the mountains from Brit. Am. to NJ Mexico and westward, perhaps on our eastern border. 6. inctsam Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 206. Densely pilose with short wlJ spreading or defiexed hairs to nearly glabrate : stems stout, numenl from the crown of a large somewhat woody perennial root, 1-3 feet liij dichotomously branched above with a long 2-fiowered peduncle or hiaa in the forks or at length a pair of opposite sessile leaves, with a pediinf in the axil of each , appearing compact and many-flowered : lower leaves vij long petioled, ample, round- reniform in outline, primarilv deeply o-hi or-parted, the broad cuneiform lateral segments cieeply 2-lobed, the oHi lobes coarsely incised and serrate; the upper ones similar but very sh| petioled or sessile :flower8 purple, on slender pedicels J^-2 inches somewhat abruptly contracted above to the rather stout awn, outeiij somewhat pubescent and more or less glandular-ciliate; ianer onesi utely pubescent, with rather broad scarious margins ; |>etal8 Vjroadlyi vate 6-8 lines long, more or less>retuse, conspicuously veined, ileiil bearded at base ; filaments about equalling the style, dilated and ciliatl base ; styles minutely hispid, the free tips 1-2 lines long and spreailiiijl recurved. Along small streams, eastern Oregon and Washington to T Columbia and Dakota. 0> Oreganmii. Pilose with short white defiexed hairs or that of { pedicels spreading and gland-tipped, stems several from the crowm thick perennial root, erect, 1-2 feet high comparatively slender with I internodes, dichotomously branched : leaves all rather long petioled, ild 5-7-cleft, the cnneate segments irregularly incised and toothed : M bright purple on long slender ascending peduncles thus appearing Iw'j ilowered, pedicels 1-2 inches long slender : sepals oblong-ovate, outer iKRANirj I uonii'M. (iKRANIACK,^:. I» at inatiiiiiv li.iCH loii}{, KliiixliiliX' ciliaU' and iniiniUtly piloHc, );ra»er tiian the Htyles liliitiil and eiliate at haHe; HtyleH jtlloHe, the free; tipH >»-! line lon^j, con- [iveiit. CariH)lH minutely pnneHcent; beak 2 incites long. E.lgu of wuudH [ml (>|)en placeH throughout the Willamette valley. 2 ERODIUM L'Her. Geran. ^ l-<5. Ht lbs, nirely Hhrubhy with jiinnatt'ly piirtcd or palnuitcly [•tine*! .stipulate leaves and l-H-Howercd peduncles usually in the lxil.-< of the upper leaves. S((pals T), ('(|ual, rej!;ular. Petals 5, Lastly eijual. Stamens 10, the •'> opposite the petals short and [u'rilc, or reduced to scales, th(^ ') alternate with the petals longer liid perfect, with nectariferous glands at the 'oase of the fihi- liiciits. Stylos persistent, bearded on tiie inner siile, at length jpiially twisted below. Leaves often j)innate and bijiinnately liarted or lobed, when opposite more or less un(!(ptal in size : hedundeB terminal or lateral (opposite the leaves or in the axil hf the snudler one), undtellately 2-several-Howered with a 1- bnioted involucre at the base of the pe with linear or IceiilMte pinnie: Howera >vliite on short slender penduncleH fnsuieled at jt!ii(l of the stem or branches ; sepals bnmdiv lanceolutts acuminate Imeiv villous within : ()etals oblong, 3-4 lines long not exceeding the aIh: stamens not more than ^j the length of the j>etals: (carpels obovoi, styles iniU'd to near the apex. Ovaries 'A, opposite the sepals, 1- lled, (listinet, fleshy, hecoining indehiscent 1 -seeded nutlets, Rrating from the axis. proserplnacoideiH Willd. Act. Berol. iii, 448: Glabrous : stems weak, I indies high sparingly branched from the base: leaves pinnate, the lut trifoliolate with lanceolate 'eaflets : the upper with more numerous \r filiform leaflets; sepals ovate-acute, about a line long, a little longer tilt' white petals : carnels glol)ose, densely tuberculate. Under Ash I in moist places about the mouth of the Willamette river, Oregon to iornia, Illinois, Canada and the New England Htates. Lkk XJX. OXALIDACEiE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 140. [erbs, rarely shrubby, with acid juice, trifoliolate or pin- leaves and variously disposed regular tiowers. Sepals o, W distinct or nearly so, persistent , imbricate in the bud. ,1k "), hypogynous, equal, unguiculate deciduous, spirally lied in the bud. Stamens 10, hypogynous, more or less mon- k)hous: filaments subulate, those opposite the petals longer the others: anthers short, attached by the middle, in- often reflexed and appearing extrorse, Ovary of 5 ^d carpels with distinct styles and capitate or penicillate imetimes 2-lobed stigmas. Capsule usually membranace- ■lobdd and 5-celled, the capsule at length mostly separa- the axis, opening by the dorsal suture, l-l'2-8eeded. k auatropous , with a loose fleshy testa which bursts elastic- Vhen the seeds are ripe. Embryo straight, as long as the fleshy albumen with a rather long radicle. Cotyledons and foliaceous. 1 OXALIS L. Gen. n. 582. lbs, rarely shrubby, with trifoliolate or pinnate leaves with- jipules and perfect, regular flowers. Sepals 5, distinct or at the very base, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, convo- nd twisted in the bud. Stamens 10, the filaments some- ilated and united below in 2 sets of unequal length, all iferous. Capsule columnar or ovoid, beaked with the 5 5-celled, dehiscing loculicidally, the valves remaining at- ingly braiKlBl by the partitions to the axis. Seeds 2-several in each ndulous the outer fleshy aril-like coat at length split- ar the baw ; pinnre ; \nw minate 3-4 lii than the se d, rugose bil Rook, .Tad no BALBAMINACEJ:. oxaub IMPATIKM. ting nnd elnntically recurved upon the rnpho. T.ow acauli >( herbs witli a Bour watery juice : Iciivoh alternate, luoHtly di^iitm trifolint«», rarely Htipulatc : peduncles UMd)elliitely «)r eyiimsi 1-niany- Howered. Ours all perennials with trifoliolate leiup.< * AcntileHcctit : leavcH and Hcap(>H from the viid of a Hlendur |)ii('n] nial Hcaly rootBtoek: tlowern white <»r pinkiHh, noiiiewhat yellnw l>aHt' and inoHtly re(l-v«>tiied : Ieav*>H pahiiately trifoliohite. 0. Orefraim. Nutt. T. it: (i. Fl. i, 211. VilloiiH with Hpreadin^' rn haiiH: leaven and wiiih'h cluHtered at the end «( tlie nhort lai( Hcaly branchletH of lonjt creeping rofitntockH: petis nt>t In than the i^tioles, 2-bractetalH ohlong-obovate entire or eniarKinati' lines long, white with purple veins : capsule globose, 2 or '.\ lines in dJi eter, its cells 1-2-seeded. In moint places and along streams in (leiinel ests, Pnget Sound to California. 0. trilltirolia Hook. PI. i, IIH. (ilalmms or the underside of tlu' lets and inflorescence minutely pubescent: scapes and few leaves frnm end of a short, branching, fleshy-scaly rhijiome: jH'tioles 4-12 inches hi leaflets broa-2 inches broad: scaptjs longer than tlic ioles, tt^rminaVing in a f«w-flowered umbel of white flowers on short | eels: sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long: |H>tals broadly oN ceolate, deeply enuirginate, (i lines long: capsule linear, (1-K lines \»\\)i an acuminate beak half its length : carjK'ls alM>ut H-Heeded. AUtng inn ain streams in dense forests: I'uget Sound to California. * * Caules(«nt perennials, with trifoliohite leaves an«l ydlii flowers. 0. HnkMlorlll Trelease Mem. Bost. Nat. Hist. Sue. iv, H9. MortMirl villous throughout: stems erect, slender, 4-12 inches high : leaflets drf ol)cordate with unequal lolies: [H'duncles scarcely longer than the jicl l-;i-flowered : sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, densely villous at tlu'iij petals yellow, r>-H lines long, thrice as l sepals. On dry \v, imbricate in the bud, decidii the two upper usually connate, the lowest spurred ro gii)l Petals hypogynous, usually 4, and unitedby jiairs, lar and distinct. Stamens 5, hypogynous; with subulate fila and 2-celled anthers. Ovary 5-celled witli the piaeentie iiBCapsule 2-6-1 axis, ovules few to many in each cell, suspended. StijjniBored, often wjf sessile, distinct or more or less iinited. Capsule '> celleiBred arill dissepiments usually di8a|i]ieariiig, 5 valved, with several" tropous seeds in each cell. Seeds without albumen. Em straight: cotyledons plano-convex. 1 IMPATIENS L. Gen. n. 1008. Ours glabrous annuals with alternate leaves and triinsp stems. Se])als apparently only 4 from the union of thorn E. oceldeni "-16 feet high, |ublong-lanceola| ■peduncles slenc Ithe parts in fivd iPuget Sound tol CELaSTRACEwG. Ill OXALIB MPATIICN1, rt latj letulH, broader tlmn long with a very short recurvotl spur: flowers jjale \'mh:]t roliiiw Hpariiigly |>i)iictHte. Near the CouHt from the Columbia river lortliwanl ami rant let the Atlantic Ktatee. MPATIRita. I'ONYMUI. PI tiies. Potiils 4, apparently only 2 from the union of each of acaui" He«|it' li>wor to ouch of tiu' luttTul one? Filmnents o, ujore or Ichb Htly tliKitiiBiniii'y a broad base under the margin of tlie disk, imbri- ate in the loud. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them inserted on the margin or upper surface of the flat, fleshy disk. Ovary more or less immersed in and adhering to the (lisk, 2-5 celled with l-sevcial erect or ascending ovules in ach cell. Styles and stigmns 2-5, distinct or combined into on»'. Seods anatropous, often arilled. t lines loiiK Alon^ nil 4 anuntain fltreama, Puget Sound to Ca'ifornia. 119 RHAMNACEiE. PACHYSTIMA, RHAMND8. 2 PACHYSTIMA Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 1818. Low evergreen slirubs with opposite leaves, and small flowcrsl in 1-few-flowered axillary cymes. Calyx with a short oboonicall tube and four rounded lobes. Petals 4. Stamens 4, inserteil atl the edge of the broad disk which lines the calyx-tube. 0\ary| free, 2-oelled : stylt very short: capsule 2-valved, l-2-aee(l('(],| Seeds enclosed in a white, many-cleft membranous aril, P, Hyrsinltes Rpf. 1, c.. Densely branched to nearly simple, 1-3 feetl high: leaves smooth, ovate to oblonjj or lanceolate, cnneate at base, the I upper half serrate or serrulate, >^-l im h long on very short peduiicles:! flowers a line or two long : fruit 2 lines long, smootli. In the mountiiinsj from Brit, Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. Order XXII. liHAMNACE.E Dumort. Fl. Belg. 102, Trees or shrubs, the branches often thorny. Leaves siinplcl with minute stipules. Flowers small, sometimes by abortion did- cious, monfP(!ious or polygamous. Calyx 4-5-cleft, valvate in the bud. Petals distinct, cucullate, (each wrapped around a stamen) narrowed at base, inserted upon the throat of the calyx, sonic- times wanting. Stamiens as many as the lobes of the calyx andl alternate with them. Ovary 2-4, united carpels, 2-4-celled, freej from or usually cohering with the tube of the calyx or more orj less immersed in the fleshy perigynous disk : ovules solitary, erect, [ Styles more or less- connate : stigmas simple usually distinct. Fruit free or commonly more or less cohering with the calyx, fleshy and indehiscent or with the carpels dry and at length s(|)-| arable. Seeds erect, anatropous, with a large, straight eml)ryn| in sparing fleshy albumen. it Rhamnn?. Calyx and disk free from the ovary: calyx-lobes erect or | spreading: fruit berry-like. 8. Ceanothns. Calyx and disk adnate to the base of the ovary: calyx] lobes connivent. Fruit dry or nearly so. 1 RHAMNUS T.. Gen. n. 265 in part. Shrubs or small trees with alternate petioled pinnately veinedl leaves, small deciduous stipules and axillary cymose or racemosp| flowers. Flowers perfect or polygamo-diucious. (,'alyx 4-o-cl('t't, with erect or spreading lobes, the campanulate tube lined witlil the disk and persistent. IVtals 4 or 6 or more, inserted on tlie margin ot the disk : cl.aws short. Stamens 4 or 5 : filaments v(mv[ short. Ovary free, 2-4-celle 1 : style short, .V4-e]eft. Fruit biu • cate, containing 2-4 cartihiginous 1-seeded nutlets, mostly inde- hiscent. § 1 Rhamnis Brongn. Ann. Sc. Nat. x, 'JGO. Seeds and nut- 1 lets deeply sulcate or concave on the back, the raphe in tlic hollow: flowers mostly dioecious, solitary or fascicled in tlic axils. R. aliilfolia L'ller. Sert. Angl. 5. Phrub 2-4 feet high : leaves decid I nous, ovate-oblong, acute at each end or acaminate, 2 or ;{ inclies loii^, crenately serrate, the slender petioles slightly pulterulent: lobes oftliel 'M: IIY8TIMA. AMNDH. lall flowcrsl t obc'onicall insfirteil atl be. 0\ aryl l-2.-see(lc(i,| il. iple, 1-3 feetl at base, tlie| t; pedtindes; i monntiiiiis,! i^'fu g. 102. vea sin 1] lie I artion did'- Ivate in tliPi . a stamen) ilyx, soiiip-j ! cal^'x and I celled, free or more or| itary, erect. ly distinct. I the calyx,! length Sep- ht embrynl )bes erect or I varv: calvxl tely veined ir racemose I X 4-5-cl('t't, lined witli rted on the) inents very Fruit biic-l lostly inde- Is and nut- |)he in tlie led in the leaves decid- inches long, I lobes of llie