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ONI 
 
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ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 
 
 EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 BULLETIN LXVI 
 
 VARIATIONS IN THE FAT OF MILK 
 
 Br H. H. DKAN, B.8.A., PROf BSSOR OF D.Mkr HysBASDBT. 
 
 li' 
 
 fW 
 
 J-UBHSBMD MY TMB DaPjLRTMENT OP AOHICULTUHH 
 
 <Jun9 99, 1891 
 
 TOI^ONTO . 
 
 PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS 
 
 1 
 
 1i| 
 
Ontario 
 
 Jamks M 
 Thomas S 
 A. E. Sni 
 
 J. HOYES 
 
 P. C. Grj 
 H. H. 1)E 
 £. Law lit 
 Captain 
 C. A. Zai 
 
 GEOR(iK l] 
 
 ' A. McOai 
 
 C. C. Jau 
 John I. ] 
 John Mc 
 Edwaki) 
 J. S. Smii 
 O. B. Boy 
 
 D. A. Do 
 Wa. Dos 
 
MIUISTBR OF AORICUIiTURB 
 
 Hon. John Dryden, Toronto. 
 
 Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph, 
 under control of the Minister of Agriculture. 
 
 Jamb8 Mim-h, M.A. 
 Th'imas Shaw 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 . . President. 
 
 Professor of Agriculture and Farm Superintendent. 
 
 A. E. Shu TTLKwoKiii, B.A. So. 
 J. HoYES Panton, M.A., F.G.S. 
 
 F. C. CfRKNSIDK, V.S. 
 
 H. H. Dean, B.S.A 
 
 E. LawuIcnce Hl'nt, B.A. 
 Captain Wai-trk Clauke. 
 
 O. A. Zavit/, B.S.A 
 
 Gkohck Haucoukt, B.S.A 
 
 A. McOallum 
 
 ProfeBBor of Chemistry. 
 
 Professor of Natural History and Geology. 
 
 . . • . . Profe»Bor of Veterinary Science. 
 
 ProfeHBor of Dairy Husbandry. 
 
 Assistant Resident and Mathematical Master. 
 
 Instructor in Drill and Gymnnstioi. 
 
 Assistant Superintendent of Experiments. 
 
 Assistant Chemist. 
 
 Bursar. 
 
 ADVISORY BOARD. 
 
 C C. Jamkh, M.A . . 
 
 John I. HonaoN 
 
 John McMillan, M.P. . . 
 
 Edwaki) Jkfks 
 
 J. S. Smith 
 
 G. B. BoYCE . . " . . 
 
 d. a. dowlino 
 
 Wm. Donaldson 
 
 Chairman of Board 
 Secretary of Board 
 
 Deputy Minister of Agricalture, Toronto. 
 
 , . Mosborough, County of Wellington. 
 
 Constance, County o§ Huron . 
 
 Bond Head, County of Simcoe. 
 
 Ailsa Craig, County of Middlesex. 
 
 Norham, County of Northumberland. 
 
 Appleton, County of Carleton. 
 
 John I. Hobson. 
 - C. C. James, M.A. 
 
 ?f£. 
 
BULLKTIN LXVI 
 
 VARIATIONS IN THE FAT OF MILK TAKEN AT INTERVALS 
 FROM THE CITY OF GUELPH SUPPLY. 
 
 It has been stated on apparently good authority that milkmen who 
 dip from the top of the can, or who draw from the bottom through 
 a faucet, do not give to each customer his proper share of the fat or 
 cream of the milk and that in the case of " dipping " those who 
 receive theirs last get skim-milk. It having been demonstrated that 
 where dipping is practised there is practically no difference in the 
 amount of fat contained in different samples, we determined to see 
 whether there is any difference when the milk is drawn from the 
 bottom as in the case of three of the four milkmen of the city of 
 Guelph whose milk was tested as here reported. 
 
 Method of Testing. The fat was determined with a 
 fiabcock tester. In every case the milk dealeis were requested 
 not to depart from their ordinary methods. In all twenty-live 
 samples were taken with the following results : 
 
 MiLKH AN No. 1. June 2nd, 1891. 
 
 Sample. 
 
 Per cent, of fat. 
 
 Time. 
 
 No. 1 
 
 3.2 
 
 7.30 a.m. 
 
 " 2 
 
 8.2 
 
 8.40 '• 
 
 " 3 
 
 3.1 
 
 9.60 " 
 
 " 4 
 
 2.95 
 
 11.00 " 
 
 " 5 
 
 3.05 
 
 12.20 p.m. 
 
 Reviarhi, (1). In this and in aii the other cases the percentage of fat 
 is the average of duplicates. (2). Sample No. 1 was taken from the 
 bottom of the can after the milk had been driven about t. 3 miles, 
 
 »<> 
 
 -■!■; 
 
 ;, "f 
 
 ■i 
 
e 
 
 after it had been well stirred to ensure thorough mixing of th« 
 oream, and before any customers hwd been served. Nos. 2, 3 and 4 
 were taken at the time indicated from the bottom of the can without 
 stirring as the milk was drawn for customers. No. H was taken 
 from the last [uart in the can. (3). Milk was carried in one large 
 can (20 gals.) ; herd consisted of twenty-throe cows which were on 
 .grass at the time; supplied one hundred and eighty customers. 
 
 Milkman No: 2. JuneSrd. 
 
 Sample. 
 
 Per ct^nt. of fat. 
 
 Time. 
 
 No. 1 
 
 2.6 
 
 9.07 a.m. 
 
 " 2 
 
 2.8 
 
 9..S0 " 
 
 " 3 
 
 S.6 
 
 ^, 10.00 " 
 
 " 4 
 
 S.8 
 
 10.30 " 
 
 " 6 
 
 2.8 11.00 •« 
 
 1 
 
 Remarks. (1). All these samples were taken from the bottom and 
 without stirring, as a vessel containing ice which was floating in the 
 milk prevented this being done. The milk had been driven only a 
 few rods when the first sample was taken. (2). Milk carried in one 
 can (15 gals.); herd numbered twenty cows which were kept in the 
 stable and fed green feed ; about one hundred customers. 
 
 Milkman No. 3. June 4th. 
 
 Sample. 
 
 Per cent, of fat. 
 
 Time. 
 
 (No. 1 
 No. 1 can-j ., g 
 
 No. 2 can "3 
 No. 1 can " 4 
 
 No.2can^ " ^ 
 ( •• 6 
 
 3.2 
 
 8.2 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.4 
 
 8.00 a.m. 
 8.00 " 
 8.10 " 
 9.00 " 
 10 00 " 
 11.00 •• 
 
 Remarks. (1). No. 1 sample was taken from the top of the o«n 
 after stirring before any customers had been served and after the 
 milk had been driven about one-quarter of a mile. No. 2 sample 
 
was taken under tlie same conditions except thnt it was taken from 
 the bottom of the can. All the other lamples were taken from the 
 bottom. (2). Milk was carried in two cans ( 1 2 galH. each) ; herd con- 
 sisted of thirteen cows. 
 
 MiLKUAN No. 4. June 6th. 
 
 Sample. 
 
 Per cent, of fat. 
 
 Time. 
 
 No. 1 can No. 1 
 
 r •• 2 
 
 No. 2 can < ,, g 
 
 No. 1 can "4 
 No. 2 can " 6 
 
 r.. « 
 
 1 
 
 No. lean -i " '' 
 1 " 8 
 
 I" 9 
 
 3.60 
 3.40 
 8.36 
 8.36 
 3.46 
 3.20 
 8.86 
 8.26 
 8.46 
 
 6.20 a.m. 
 6.20 " 
 7.26 " 
 7.30 " 
 8.30 " 
 8.30 •• 
 9.80 " 
 10.30 •• 
 . 11.30 •• 
 
 Remarki*. (1). All these samples were taken from the top of the 
 can. There were fonr cans (10 gals, eash) and samples were taken 
 from two only. Samples 1, 4, 6 and 7 were tak^n from can No. 1 
 before any customers i eceired milk. Sample No. 1 was taken after 
 stirring and No. 2 without stirring and before any customers had 
 been served. Sample No. 8 was taken after the first customer had 
 milk from No. 1 can, it having ridden I'of J >ut four hours. Samplea 
 9 and 5 were taken from the bottom of cans 1 and 2 respectively. 
 (2). Milk bad been carried three-quarters of a mile before first sample 
 was taken ; it was the previous evening's milk ; herd of twenty cowsj 
 over two hundred customers. 
 
 CoNCLOSiONH. Although there are some variations, yet they 
 are so slight that from these trials we may conclude that there i» 
 practically no difference in the percentage of fat in the milk as ordi- 
 narily handled and served to customers at different times from the 
 same can, whether it be taken from the top or from the bottom and 
 that the motion and jarring of the waggon are sufficient to keep the 
 fat or cream thoroughly mingled with the milk.