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ONI

var;

J'Ui

ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

EXPERIMENT STATION

BULLETIN LXVI

VARIATIONS IN THE FAT OF MILK

Br H. H. DKAN, B.8.A., PROf BSSOR OF D.Mkr HysBASDBT.

li'

J-UBHSBMD MY TMB DaPjLRTMENT OP AOHICULTUHH

<Jun9 99, 1891

TOI^ONTO .

PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS

1i|

Ontario

Jamks M
Thomas S
A. E. Sni

J. HOYES

P. C. Grj
H. H. 1)E
£. Law lit
Captain
C. A. Zai

GEOR(iK l]

' A. McOai

C. C. Jau
John I. ]
John Mc
Edwaki)
J. S. Smii
O. B. Boy

D. A. Do
Wa. Dos

MIUISTBR OF AORICUIiTURB

Hon. John Dryden, Toronto.

Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph,
under control of the Minister of Agriculture.

Jamb8 Mim-h, M.A.
Th'imas Shaw

OFFICERS.

. . President.

Professor of Agriculture and Farm Superintendent.

A. E. Shu TTLKwoKiii, B.A. So.
J. HoYES Panton, M.A., F.G.S.

F. C. CfRKNSIDK, V.S.

H. H. Dean, B.S.A

E. LawuIcnce Hl'nt, B.A.
Captain Wai-trk Clauke.

O. A. Zavit/, B.S.A

Gkohck Haucoukt, B.S.A

A. McOallum

ProfeBBor of Chemistry.

Professor of Natural History and Geology.

. . • . . Profe»Bor of Veterinary Science.

ProfeHBor of Dairy Husbandry.

Assistant Resident and Mathematical Master.

Instructor in Drill and Gymnnstioi.

Assistant Superintendent of Experiments.

Assistant Chemist.

Bursar.

ADVISORY BOARD.

C C. Jamkh, M.A . .

John I. HonaoN

John McMillan, M.P. . .

Edwaki) Jkfks

J. S. Smith

G. B. BoYCE . . " . .

d. a. dowlino

Wm. Donaldson

Chairman of Board
Secretary of Board

Deputy Minister of Agricalture, Toronto.

, . Mosborough, County of Wellington.

Constance, County o§ Huron .

Bond Head, County of Simcoe.

Ailsa Craig, County of Middlesex.

Norham, County of Northumberland.

Appleton, County of Carleton.

John I. Hobson.
- C. C. James, M.A.

?f£.

BULLKTIN LXVI

VARIATIONS IN THE FAT OF MILK TAKEN AT INTERVALS
FROM THE CITY OF GUELPH SUPPLY.

It has been stated on apparently good authority that milkmen who
dip from the top of the can, or who draw from the bottom through
a faucet, do not give to each customer his proper share of the fat or
cream of the milk and that in the case of " dipping " those who
receive theirs last get skim-milk. It having been demonstrated that
where dipping is practised there is practically no difference in the
amount of fat contained in different samples, we determined to see
whether there is any difference when the milk is drawn from the
bottom as in the case of three of the four milkmen of the city of
Guelph whose milk was tested as here reported.

Method of Testing. The fat was determined with a
fiabcock tester. In every case the milk dealeis were requested
not to depart from their ordinary methods. In all twenty-live
samples were taken with the following results :

MiLKH AN No. 1. June 2nd, 1891.

Sample.

Per cent, of fat.

Time.

No. 1

3.2

7.30 a.m.

" 2

8.2

8.40 '•

" 3

3.1

9.60 "

" 4

2.95

11.00 "

" 5

3.05

12.20 p.m.

Reviarhi, (1). In this and in aii the other cases the percentage of fat
is the average of duplicates. (2). Sample No. 1 was taken from the
bottom of the can after the milk had been driven about t. 3 miles,

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after it had been well stirred to ensure thorough mixing of th«
oream, and before any customers hwd been served. Nos. 2, 3 and 4
were taken at the time indicated from the bottom of the can without
stirring as the milk was drawn for customers. No. H was taken
from the last [uart in the can. (3). Milk was carried in one large
can (20 gals.) ; herd consisted of twenty-throe cows which were on
.grass at the time; supplied one hundred and eighty customers.

Milkman No: 2. JuneSrd.

Sample.

Per ct^nt. of fat.

Time.

No. 1

2.6

9.07 a.m.

" 2

2.8

9..S0 "

" 3

S.6

^, 10.00 "

" 4

S.8

10.30 "

" 6

2.8 11.00 •«

Remarks. (1). All these samples were taken from the bottom and
without stirring, as a vessel containing ice which was floating in the
milk prevented this being done. The milk had been driven only a
few rods when the first sample was taken. (2). Milk carried in one
can (15 gals.); herd numbered twenty cows which were kept in the
stable and fed green feed ; about one hundred customers.

Milkman No. 3. June 4th.

Sample.

Per cent, of fat.

Time.

(No. 1
No. 1 can-j ., g

No. 2 can "3
No. 1 can " 4

No.2can^ " ^
( •• 6

3.2

8.2

3.2

3.36

3.4

8.00 a.m.
8.00 "
8.10 "
9.00 "
10 00 "
11.00 ••

Remarks. (1). No. 1 sample was taken from the top of the o«n
after stirring before any customers had been served and after the
milk had been driven about one-quarter of a mile. No. 2 sample

was taken under tlie same conditions except thnt it was taken from
the bottom of the can. All the other lamples were taken from the
bottom. (2). Milk was carried in two cans ( 1 2 galH. each) ; herd con-
sisted of thirteen cows.

MiLKUAN No. 4. June 6th.

Sample.

Per cent, of fat.

Time.

No. 1 can No. 1

r •• 2

No. 2 can < ,, g

No. 1 can "4
No. 2 can " 6

r.. «

No. lean -i " ''
1 " 8

I" 9

3.60
3.40
8.36
8.36
3.46
3.20
8.86
8.26
8.46

6.20 a.m.
6.20 "
7.26 "
7.30 "
8.30 "
8.30 ••
9.80 "
10.30 ••
. 11.30 ••

Remarki*. (1). All these samples were taken from the top of the
can. There were fonr cans (10 gals, eash) and samples were taken
from two only. Samples 1, 4, 6 and 7 were tak^n from can No. 1
before any customers i eceired milk. Sample No. 1 was taken after
stirring and No. 2 without stirring and before any customers had
been served. Sample No. 8 was taken after the first customer had
milk from No. 1 can, it having ridden I'of J >ut four hours. Samplea
9 and 5 were taken from the bottom of cans 1 and 2 respectively.
(2). Milk bad been carried three-quarters of a mile before first sample
was taken ; it was the previous evening's milk ; herd of twenty cowsj
over two hundred customers.

CoNCLOSiONH. Although there are some variations, yet they
are so slight that from these trials we may conclude that there i»
practically no difference in the percentage of fat in the milk as ordi-
narily handled and served to customers at different times from the
same can, whether it be taken from the top or from the bottom and
that the motion and jarring of the waggon are sufficient to keep the
fat or cream thoroughly mingled with the milk.