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 #. «iillfMMMM|i 
 
§ E R M O N 
 
 AT THE EXECUTION OF 
 
 MOSES P A U L, AN INDIAN, 
 
 Who had been guilty of MURDER, 
 Preachedat NEW HAVEN in AMERICA, 
 
 By S AM SON b C C O M, 
 
 ^v 
 
 w 
 
 A native Indian, and MiflTionary to the Indians, who was in England 
 in 17^6 and ^■}^J, collefting for the Indian Ciiarity Schools. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED 
 
 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE 
 I- ATE SPi(eAD OF THE GOSPEL. 
 
 \ . ,■■.-. 
 
 1 ■ A M N G T H i •'• 
 
 I ■ . ' 
 
 ( . t 
 
 I N D I A i N S. ^^^e^ES?^ 
 
 
 ALSO 
 
 
 Reservations on the LA^^GUAGE of the 
 
 ,:?1VlUHHEifANeEW /iNDlANSj 
 
 J I COAiiMOJllCATKD T.6 THE 
 
 Connecticut so&iety of /arts awd sciences.. 
 
 "~».~ 
 
 By JONATHAN EDWARDS, t>M. 
 
 ' NriV haven, CONNECTiCUTi Printed 1781; 
 
 lONDONt Reprinted, 1788, and Sold by Buckland, Pater- 
 
 noiter-row; Dili.y, Poultry 5 -eTRiDGE, Strand; J. LsPARb, 
 
 No, 9».Newgate-ftieeti T. Pitchur, No. 4+, Baibican 5 Brown, 
 
 «n the Tolzey BriAol j Bh/ns^ at Ufii\ai juia W001.MW1, «Exctcr, 
 
 * v 
 
 '.lf#i 
 

 ,A -J 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 
 if 
 
 I-! 
 
 ■I 
 
 ■1i» 
 
 ly/ZE Rev. Samsok Ozco\\. author of this difrourft, is a native hdiin, 
 •'■ In. 1 766, and 1 67, lu writ 111 England, colUElimy with Dr. JVhitaker, 
 for Mr. !Vheelock\' Indian charUv fhools, and prtachedin mofi oHht great 
 townu He i' v>t alive, and in the f/jrinf, of thif year 1 788, ne. preached 
 roith food acceptame, at the Bnptijt Meeting, Hovfe, in New York- i3c. 
 The fkloxoing Sermon might, perhaps, have been altered w/* /''"' /i'"^« 
 for the better, but it it prefumed, that good judges mil overlook thedefetts of 
 it, and wonder ihey are fo few. _ . 
 
 Th'R'V Ot EowxKui, author of the following Differtation, IS a :>on 
 of the Ude Rev. lotiaihan lidwarfls, A. M. ptefident of New Jerfcy 
 Collci-r, whofe works on the Freedom of the Wdl-the Affethons-lke 
 Hiltory of Redemption. &c. have rendered hii mtmory dear to thoujands. 
 . Two volumes of Polihnmous Sermonf, by this excellent man, are rww tn the 
 i,refs in Scolland, copied from Ivs manufcnpts, by the above gentUman,his 
 Jon, who IS a worthy mmfter at New-Haven in Connefticut, jrom 
 tukom I lately received both parts of this publication. 
 
 I. R I P P O N. 
 
 V- 
 
 ^..M- V^ 
 
 -VS- 
 
 
 %■- 
 
 1% 
 
 if 
 
 If-' 
 
 Mr. O C C O M'S preface. 
 
 efH E world is already fuU of books ; and the people of God are abun^ 
 •*■ dantly furniflied witli excellent books upon dimne jubjecls ', andUfeenu 
 aliogtthir unlikely that «y perjervmnce mU be ofanygreatftrmceintke 
 uiorld. ftnce tilt mofl exceUent writings of worthy and learned nun are dij- 
 regarded But there are two or three conftderalions that have induced me to 
 be wiUinc to fufer my broken hintt to appear. One is, that the. books that 
 are in tile world, are written in very hi^Ji and refined language; and the 
 fermonsthat are delivered evtry fabbatk in general, are in a very high and 
 lofty ilile, fo that the common people under/iand but little of them. But I 
 think thev cannot help underftanding my talk ; it is common, plain, every day 
 talk ; little children may vnderfiand me . And poor Negroes may plainly and 
 fully underfland -my menning ; and it may be of fervue to them. Again, it 
 may in a particuhr manner be fcroice.<i!>le to my poor kindred, the Indians. 
 Further, as it comes from an uncommon quarter, it may induce people to 
 read it, becaufe it is from an Indian. Laftly, God works when and when, 
 hipleafo, and by what infirum'nt he fee.^ fit, and he has ufed ueak an4 
 unlikely infiramntt to br/n^ about his gnat work. 
 
 M- 
 

 r. 
 
 a nntive Minnt 
 [h Dr. JVhitaker, 
 mofl of the great 
 88, he. preached 
 New York. &c. 
 in a few places 
 '.ook the defeils of 
 
 rtation, is a Son 
 ; of New Jerfcy 
 le Affe£lions—the 
 '.ar to thoufands. 
 :n, are now in the 
 ve gentleman, his 
 3nnefticut,/ron» 
 
 I P P O N. 
 
 \ C E. 
 
 of God are abun^ 
 bjecls', anditfeenu 
 great ftroice in the 
 %rned men are dif' 
 have induced me to 
 , that the. books that 
 language ; and tht 
 in a very high and 
 le of them. But I 
 m, plain, every day 
 oes may plainly and 
 to them. Again, it 
 ndred, the Indians, 
 nay induce people to 
 rks where and wheni 
 has ujid ueak and 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 "\X7HATa night muft Hie laft have been before the execution! 
 V V Methinks I he:ir the conveifation between Mr. Occom and 
 Moles. 
 
 Occam. Well, Mofes I How do you do tJiis evening? ' "' ' 
 
 Mo/et. Oh fir ! It is near : Before to-morrow this time, where will 
 my poor foul be ? 
 
 Oaem. Yes, a few hours more and you will be in eternity i— But 
 will you tell me the frame of your mind ? 
 
 m/et. 1 want to do it,_I fent for you on purpofe. " ' *' 
 
 Occom. Mofes ! Do you really (ee tht evil, the abominable evil of 
 your conduft— of all fin againll God, and particularly of that fin for 
 which you are to die ? Do you.Ioathe fin ? 
 
 Mo/ej. I am in great diftrefs—I deferve to die a thoufand deaths— 
 you know what a wretch I have been. Lord have mercy upon me 1 I 
 ihall never be faved I "^ 
 
 Oceom. Are you wilUng to be favet. from /« as well as from 
 punrfliment i 
 
 Mof.s. 1 do not know = I wift, I was. But he will never fave me. 
 He IS willing to fave t\ery praying, repenting, believing 
 
 Occom, 
 ftnner. 
 Mo/et. 
 Occom. 
 Mofes. 
 
 But I cannot pray, and repent, and believe. 
 
 I know you cannot without the help of the Spirit of God. 
 
 J C I- . I ^'"""^ " "° '"°'*'" '«^'' '''»■ me to repent and pray 
 and believe, becaufe I have bsen fo wicked. 
 
 Occom. Poor creature, you ought to pray and repent and believe. 
 becaufe you are fo wicked. The more wicked you have been, the more 
 you need all thefe things. Here, here, do take my bible and read a few 
 Icnptures. 
 
 Mofes. Sir, pleafe to read them yourfelf to me. 
 
 .u *^rT" /X'^l '*■'* *° '*'™°" ^^S"'' " Thy heart is not riffht in 
 the fight of God, repent theiefore of this thy wickednefs, and *r«» 
 
 • u u • J T- • P^'"'"' *''^' *''°" ^""^ 'n f'e gailof bittcrnefs, and 
 in the bond of iniquity." Afts viii. ^,.^y q. d. Thou art ^ery wicked, 
 and becaufe thou art, repent of thy wickednefs and /r«y God-.you ob- 
 fervc this wicked niin was exhorted to repent and pray. Let me read yon 
 Attsxva. ,0. "But now God commandeth all men every where to 
 rtpent. '—Every hnful man is commanded to repent— It is as proper 
 to repent m a prdbn as in a palace.— And wicked men have been ex- 
 horted to A^/,^a,, ,a Jefus Chrilt who came "a light into the world." 
 The wicked Jews were cavilling at him, but his command to them 
 runs thus, •« While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be 
 the children of light." John xii. j^. 36, 46. They were exhorted fo 
 
 t "v, 1° "^c^ l^ ^*' " ""'S'^* *PP^" o"^ t^»«"- believing that they 
 were children of the light. . ' 
 
 »=f !?/;> }^ " *^"''' ''"* ^T^ ""'' ^"** ^ ''"^'*' I w'fl» I knew it 
 wag rigbt for me to pray and repent and believe, 
 
 Octmi 
 
 I v 
 
 
 % 
 
 < 
 
 ■ 
 
 r 
 
 ^SMB*^*^ 
 
 'MUKm 
 
w 
 
 I N T R d 
 
 D U C T 1 O N. 
 
 •» 
 
 Occam V.». you have '^'""J^;''; ^^ ^^^^ f^, ,„,,,v It cannot 
 be .vr»«« for a Cmner to -/- 'J^^' f„, „„, ^i,„ l,., heard that 
 
 plainer to you? , .1 4 If 
 
 Mo/«. N'O' . . !„ vou who have finned againft Ood t« 
 
 .x; r„r t:?::r lT-" .- -« -^ p-«- »' ■• 
 
 to God ? 
 
 and loul inio his ha.-.d ? ^^^^, j,^ ^„„^ " 
 
 M.fes. Nn, «>"?.^^"'^7' , i^^.^,,, for you to do fo, .t ^'ov^ld 
 
 o/cn,. VVell.f .t v,o» d ^^l^'J'^'^ ^^ l what is ns*'- ^ ^ 
 
 ^%'; "' ^'it flr^'now r« U L%*.. anj then no doubt U muft be 
 
 my My to do v^hat is '^'S;^^';" '','/„ to believe that you .««»»» 
 
 Holy Spirit. ." , _ ' 
 
 Mc/i'. ^ "^o ''^''"''^ '*■ ,• •► *«*«./v unUfs you believe U /riJ^i- 
 :.;«. You do not be .eve .proP^'y ""Jj V ^^^ ^^„ ^o nothing 
 
 ,V/,-he that nallj: «»»V ' / 1 p will ."rf^-^-^^"^ t«=*'^ f"^'^'* 
 
 beejracious. *„ Pnd for me before you go. ^^They kneel 
 
 Mofis. Sir, do pray to God for me J^^ ^^^^.^^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 down. Prayer over.— They fix U ^^^^ muh.tude. 
 
 '"«--:;'^"TLop'r;TralSed. --After certain prei.mmary 
 t$tlLr'St:M:o..o:n began a, follow. 
 
 The 
 
 % 
 
 ^^T 
 
 •*< i«l*»rf'fl,* 
 
i "y "' 
 
 :1i— wliat 
 d Vwl'vevet 
 
 :ai>no be 
 It cannot 
 in, and to 
 lieard that 
 fmneis, to 
 ,n Me and 
 L make this 
 
 y to aflc it 
 
 inft God t» 
 rafticc of it 
 
 rift >— to be- 
 leth to him» 
 re your body 
 
 fo, it wov>ld 
 
 right. 
 
 ibt it muftbe 
 
 lat you cannot 
 liftance of the 
 
 icve it praHi' 
 in do nothing 
 toaflc for the 
 beg of God to 
 age you to it, 
 that a(k him," 
 
 lU perceive was 
 lear Mofes, do 
 er a^l the night 
 ', He waits to 
 
 They kneel 
 
 ing in the morn- 
 -But multitude* 
 tain preliminary 
 
 The 
 
 ' 
 
 The ADDRESS. 
 
 BY the melancholy proviilcnce of God, nnd at thcertrncrt de- 
 fnc and invitation of the poor condemned criminal, 1 am here 
 before ihi.s ^rcat conconrfc of people at this time, to give the 
 lalhlifconrfeto the poormifcrable objcd who Ik to be cxccurjd 
 this day before your eyes, for iIr- due reward of his folly, and 
 madnefs, and enormous wi( kcdnef>. It is an unwcKome 
 
 - tafkto metofpcak uponfuchan occafinn; butfinceit isthode- 
 firc of the poor man hiinfelf, in conLicnce I cannot deny him ; 
 1 mild endeavour to do the groat work the dyin;j; man requells. 
 
 I conclude that this great concourfeof people have come toge- 
 ther to fee the execution of juftice upon this poor Indian ; 
 and I fuppofe the biggeft part of you look upon yourfelves 
 chriftians, ana as fuch J hope yon will demean yoiirfelves ; 
 and that you will have fuituble cominifcration towards this 
 poor objedl. Though you cannot in jufticc pray f;!r his life 
 to be continued in this world, you can piray earncftly for the 
 falvation of his poor foul. Lei this be therefore, the fervent 
 exercifc of our fouls ; for this is the laft day we have to pray 
 for him. — As for you that do not regard religion, it cannot 
 be expefted, that you will put up one petition for thi« mifcr- 
 able creature: yet I would intrcat you ferioufly to conlider 
 the frailty of corrupt nature, and behave yourfelvcs as becomes 
 rational creatures. - 
 
 And in a word, let us all be fuitably afFeiSted with the melan- 
 choly occafion of the day, knowing that we are all dying 
 creatures, and accountable unto God. Ttjough this poor 
 condemned criminal will in a few minutes know more than 
 all of us, either in unutterable joy, or inconceivable woe ; 
 yet we fliall certainly know as much as he, in a few days. 
 
 •The facred words that I have chofen to fpeak from upon this 
 undefirable occafion, are found written in Romans vi. it,. 
 
 For the wages ofsjn is death, but the gift of God 
 
 IS ETERNAL LIFE THROUGH JesUS ChRIST OUR LoRD. 
 
 DEATH is called the King of Terrors, and it ou^ht to be 
 the fubjcft of every man and woman's thou:,hts daily; 
 becaufe it is that imto wiiich they are liable every moment of 
 their lives : and therefore, it cannot be unfcafouable to thiik, 
 ►fpeak and hearot it at wny ti ne, andefpecially on ihismoiy.n- 
 :fiti occafion j for we mi.lt all come tu it, how fo( n we raiuujt 
 
 A 3 tell.} 
 
 p', 
 
 Ti 
 
 — jB"*s.. 
 
 y 
 
6 Mr. 0CC0M'» SERMON AT THE 
 
 tell ; whether we are prepared or not prepared, ready or not 
 voady. whether death is wclcoim' or not welcome, we miijl 
 feci the force of it : whether we contcrn ourfclvf;"! with death 
 or not. it will concern itftlf with ns. SeL-in|T that this is the 
 cafe with every one of us, w!iat manner of pcrfons ought we 
 to be in all holv convcrfation and jrodliivfs ; how ot'iiht men 
 t(» exert thcmlelves in preparation for death continually ; for 
 they know not what a day or an hour may hring forth, with 
 refpca to them. But, alas ! according to the appearance ot 
 mankind in general, death is the Icall thought of. Tliey go on 
 from day to day, as if they were to live here for ever, as if this 
 was the only life. They contrive, rack their inventions, dii- 
 tnrb their reft, and even hazard their lives in all manner ol dan- 
 gers, both by fea and land ; yea they leave no ftone unturned . 
 that they may live in the world, and at the Hmie time h-ivc little 
 or no contrivance to die well : God and tlieir fouls arc iicg- 
 leaed, and heaven and eternal happmefs ?rc difregardecl i 
 Chrift and his religion are defplf.:d-yet molt of thcle very men 
 intend to be happy when tliey come to die, not confidering that 
 there muft be great preparation in order to die well. Yea there 
 is none fo fit to live as thofe that are fit to die ; thofc that are 
 not fit to die are not fit to live. Life and death are nearly con- 
 nefted: we generally own that it is a great and folemn thing 
 to die. But I fay again, how little do mankind realize thcio 
 thincs ? They are bufy about the things ot tlits world as it 
 there was no death before them. Dr. IP atts pidures them out 
 to the life in his pfalms : 
 
 Ste the vjin rate of mot tils move 
 Like (hadows o'er (he pUin, 
 
 They rape and ftrive, defiie and lo»e, 
 But all theit noire is vain. 
 
 Seme walk in hnrot's gaudy ftow, 
 
 Some "in lof gnlilen ore, 
 Tliey toil for heiisthey know not who. 
 
 And Itiait aie feen no more. 
 
 Eternal life is (hamefnlly difregarded by men m general, and 
 eternal death is chofen rather than life. This .s the getieral 
 complaint of the bible from the beginning to the end. As long 
 as Chrift is neglefled. life is refufcd, and as long as fin is 
 cherilhed. death is chofen ; and this feems to be the woful cafe 
 of mankind of all nations, according to their appearance in thele 
 days- for it is too pl^in to be denied, that A-ice and immcn-- 
 tal tv.and floods of inicpiity are abounding every where amon^t 
 all nations, and all orders and ranks of men, and ui every fed 
 of people. Yea there is a great agreement and harniony among 
 all nations, and from the higheft to the loweil to praaife fin and 
 iniquity , and the pure religion of Jcfus Chrill is turned out of 
 ioors. atid is dying without; or, in other words the Lord 
 lefus Chnil is turned out of doors by men in general, and even 
 - by hi. profellcd people. " He ca.ne to his own. and his own 
 received him not." But the devil is admitted, he has fiee ac- 
 
 %Pk. 
 
 Ji 
 
 iiy^U# 
 
y or not 
 
 we nuifl: 
 ith ilcath 
 lis is the 
 flight we 
 lizht men 
 ally ; for 
 rth, with 
 arancc of 
 licy go on 
 , as if this 
 tions, clif- 
 er of dan- 
 
 imtnrned 
 have little 
 s are ncg- 
 Tcgarclc'cl ; 
 
 very men 
 Icring that 
 
 Yea there 
 fe that are 
 early con- 
 emn thing 
 alizc thefo 
 rorld as if 
 ;s them out 
 
 ly (IiOW, 
 
 uw not who, 
 lore. 
 
 general, and 
 the general 
 id. As long 
 g as fin is 
 woful cafe 
 nee in thcfe 
 md immor- 
 ere amongit 
 II every fcft 
 lony among 
 aife fin and 
 rned out of 
 s, the Lord 
 il, and even 
 ind his own 
 lias free ac- 
 cefs 
 
 
 ■I I I Jfll IlLI" 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL. 7 
 
 cefs to the hoiifi-s and hearts of the children of hien : Thns life 
 is rcfiifcd anil death isrhofcn. 
 
 But in fnrth'.:r fpcaking upon our text, by divine alTillancc, 
 I fliall c'oiiruicr tliofi' two gctural propofitions : 
 
 I. That (in is the caiife of all tlie mif-rii's that befall the 
 , children of men, both as to their bodies and fouls, for 
 » time and eternity. 
 
 IL That eternal life and hnppinefs is the free gift of God, 
 throiii'.h Jefns Chrill our Lord. 
 
 In fpc.ikiiig to the firll proiioriiion, I flnll firfl conlidcr the 
 nature of (in ; and ferondly, (hpll conlidcr the confci^ucnces of 
 fin, or the wages of (in, which is death. « 
 
 Firlt then, we are to dcfcribe the nature of fin. 
 
 Sin is the tranfgreKIon of the law : — This is the fcripttire 
 definition of lin. Now the law of (Jod being holy, jiill and 
 good; lin mull be altogether unholy, iinjiift and evil. If I was 
 to define fin, I (hoiild call it a contrariety to God ; and as fuch 
 it mud be the vilell thing in the world ; it is fidl of all evil ; it 
 is the evil of evils; the only evil, in which dwells no good 
 thing ; and is mod dellriiclive to God's creation, where ever it 
 takes efted. It was fin tliat transformed the very angels of 
 heaven into devils; and it was fin that canfed hell to be made. 
 If it had not been for fin, there never would have been fuch a 
 thing as hell or devil, death or mii'ery. 
 
 And if lin is fuch a thing as we have jufl defcribed ; it muft 
 be worfe than the devils and hell itfelf. — Sin is full of deadly 
 poifon ; it is full of malignity and hatred againd God, againll 
 all his divine perfedVions and attributes, againil his wifdom, 
 againd his power, againd his holinefs and goodnefs, againit 
 his mercy and judice, .igaind his written law and gofpel ; yea, 
 againd his very being and exidence. Were it in the power of 
 fin, it would even dethrone God, and fet itfclfon the throne. 
 
 When Chrid, the Son of the Mod High, came down from 
 the glorious world above, into this wretched world of fin and 
 forrow, t<» feek and to favethat which was loll, fin, or finners 
 rufe np againd him, as foon as he entered our world, and pur- 
 fued him with hcllidi malice, night and day, for above thirty 
 years together, until they killed him, 
 
 Further, fin is againd the Holy Ghoft ; it oppofcs all his good 
 and holy operations upon the children of men. When, and 
 •wherever there is the out-pourmg of the Spirit of God, ii[,on 
 the children of men, in a way of convidlion and converfion ; 
 fm will immediately prompt the devil and his children to rife 
 iipagainfi it, and they will oppofe the work with all tlieir power 
 and in every diape. And if open oppofition will not do, tiie 
 devil will mimick the work, ar,d thus prevent the good i.Hcct. 
 
 Thus we find by the fcriptiire accounts, iliat v\ !ici e\ , r God 
 » caifes up men, and ufes tliem as inilrumcnts of conVi<;ii<)u and 
 
 A 4 coa^ 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 sr 
 
 p\.\ 
 

 ♦ . » 
 
 8 M« OCCOM'. SERMON AT THE 
 
 both the reformers ami tlir rciormca. ^ 
 
 ,>,e.lvaay.ofauUUan,;yt„h.^^^^^^^^ 
 
 £j.r;h^j;J>:^ou.co..^ 
 
 ::;^,;n^i;;; :!;G:Xl;u(^h^;^f every C!,ir>.l.an.^^ 
 
 ' TTlhnn end. I:ii;r to (hew the (Ud confcquences or effcas 
 cffinriM.. .he children of mcri. ,.,^^^£^,,1 or fools. The 
 
 S;n h.spoirnrcclthen^.andm..U- ''^ J^/^^^,^^^^^^^^ And 
 
 PfaU.infay.TlK.f<K;lh.u f..m^^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 fe;;f;'^.n^^'Tt\o^.^onl>^a.n^ 
 
 heart. S>n has v.t.ated tl,e ^l\^''\"^f;^^S';^ of men 
 
 ' all ,he pov^ers are corri.pted ; .t ^^s turned »c m ^^_ 
 
 ag.inft -.U good, towards a ev.l S. P-';.'"^,;-,^,,, ' ;„,,„ 
 
 ctrding to the P^«P»';» ^f';.,,'\S°-,.t darkncfs for light, 
 that call evil iT'^od, and good evi , tnai pii 
 and li.'lu tor darknefs ; that ,n.t buter U Ivvcct. ami .we 
 btr/' And Chria Jcfus faith - H-^- ;. ^f^.e world. 
 , this is the condemnation, hat 'g*^*' d.t bcciufe their deeds 
 , and men loved darUncfs ^^^^ >«j; ;''';; t;ctl he g^^^ '^cither 
 ..ere evil. For --T on«| ha doth e.l la^ 
 
 comcih to the light, kit his a«as . ^^ j- q^,,\ their 
 
 has flt.pif^cd mankind, they .«^« ."^./f °^Xnd hey are ig- 
 
 . n^aker 1 neither do they enqn. c aft.^h.m. Ami y^^ J_ 
 
 ^t;:^I^S:i;Xdedtheireye. fojl..^^^^ 
 : fpiritt,al things ; neither do. hey ^^^^^'^y^^^^^ 
 
 made man proud, though he lias nouunfe ^ • r . j ,5 ^ 
 
 Ta. lo(t al^is excellency, htsbe^uty^ndhp^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 • bankrupt, and is excommunicated from God , Ik ..^ 
 
 «f Paradife by God himfelf, and ^ ^-^ '''/^^ g^^^^^ ,,,„,b of 
 .vorld.and asfuch he as ..o right ^^^^^ ,,, ,,Us 
 mercv m the v^'orld : yet ne is pr " • . ^ ,niicrab c, and 
 
 himfelf above God, though he is wretched and ^^^^^ 
 
 '^IAm^:. 
 
HE 
 
 to ilertroV 
 bcL-n from 
 vc ftiniul it 
 lie Sjiirit of 
 )rmaiioi\ of 
 niiinlu-rs to 
 :liili'.)n, iinJ 
 ktry motion 
 \ ihi-s makes • 
 
 es or cffc£l8 
 
 r fools. The 
 nofiod. Ami 
 rs f.iols; anil 
 ^polllc James 
 nilycvil, full 
 : place full of 
 rnrctcr of the 
 ul anil body ; 
 tiimls of men 
 are thry, ac- 
 1 jinto them 
 iicfs for light, 
 and fwci-t for 
 , 20. " A"*^ 
 no the world, 
 jfe their deeds 
 i light, neither 
 proved." Sin 
 of God their 
 d they are ig- 
 1 for them, nei- 
 have no fear of 
 
 r cannot difccrn 
 hat they (hould 
 rannot hear the 
 as of peac e and 
 hey regard the 
 f fo, but (in has 
 jroudof; for he 
 jpincfs; he is a 
 kj was turned out 
 rabond in God's 
 [c Icatt crumb of 
 ghty, and exalts 
 d mii'crablc, and 
 poor, 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL. f 
 
 pnor, and blind and naked. He glories in his iham •• Sin hat 
 made him bcalUy and dcvililh.; yea he is fimk b -iiratli flic beads, 
 and is worfc than the ravenous brails of the vvilderiufs. lie is 
 bcv:i)nie ill-natured, cruel and murderous; I f /id h • i<< worfe 
 than the ravenous beads, for wolves anil be.irs do not devour 
 their own kind, but man does ; yea wc have ninnbcrlcfs in- 
 flanies of women killing their own ihildrcn ; f'.ich vvtxnen I 
 think are worfc than (he tygcrs. 
 
 Sin has made man diflioned and deceitful, fo th;it he goes 
 about cheating and defrauding and deceiving his fVllow-mtn in 
 the world: yea, he is bccoinc a cheat to liiinCidr, he g(.es about 
 in a vain Ihcvv ; we do not know where to lind ntan. Some- 
 times we lind him as an angel of God ; and at other times we 
 find as a devil, even one and the fame man. Sin has nude man 
 .iliareven from ilie wohib; fo that there is no b. Iieving nor troll- 
 ing him. The royal pfalmill fays, " The wicked arecllrangcd 
 from the womb, they go a!lr;iy as foon astliey arc born, fpeak- 
 inglies." — His languag..- is alio corrupted. Whereas he had 
 a pure and holy lans;uagc, in his inn.) ^-'ucy, to adore and praifc 
 God his maker, he wnO curies, fsvears, and profanes tht; holy 
 name of Gi>(l, and curfes ami d.imiis his fellcuv-cieaturcs. In 
 a word, man i-. a moll unruly and nu^overnablo rreatiire, and is 
 become as tlie wild als's colt, and is harder to tp.m?than any of 
 God's creatures in this world. In llioit, nui;) i, tvor/f than all 
 crcatnres in this lower world, his pro|)c .liry i: to evil and that 
 continually ; he is more like the devil than any creature we can - 
 think of: and I think it is not !/,oing l)fv:<i)l the w >rd ofGod, 
 to fay, man is the moll dcvililh creature in tin, worUl. Chrill 
 faid to his difciples, " (Jne of you i a dcvd ;" to the Jews he 
 faiil, " ^'e are of your father the devil, and the lulls of your 
 father ye will do." Thus every unconverted foul is a child of 
 the devil, lin has made him fo. 
 
 Sin is the caufc of all the miferies that attend poor finful 
 inyn. 1 fliall conlider his /«f»j/>ar^7/ i^^aM. 
 
 His temporal death then begins as fum as he is born. 
 Though it fcems to us that he is jnll beginning to live, yet in 
 fa£l he is juft entered into a lt:tte of death : as St. I'anl fays, 
 «' Wherefore, as by one man lin entered into the world, and 
 death by (in; and fo death palfed upon dl men, for that all 
 have finned." Man isf rroimded with ten thoi-fand inilruments 
 ot death, and is liable to death every nion^iit of his life; a 
 thoufand difeafes await him on everv lide c : .nually ; the fcn- 
 tence of death is palt upon hima.s foon as he ,. ;:>(/rn: yea, he is 
 llruck with death as foon as he brcthci. nil it feenis all the 
 enjoyments of men in this word aje a'I'o p 'ifoied with lin: 
 for God laid to .^dam after he !r.u! finite.;, " C;u!ed is the ground 
 for thy fake, in Ibrrow (h,.lt thov. cat o: it ail tiie d.ays of thy 
 life." By this wc plainly fee that every thin^ that grows out 
 
 of 
 
 
 ■ i, ■ 
 
 i- 
 
 '" * ! 
 
 .U\ 
 
 i 
 
 .'It 
 
 : 1 
 
 I I 
 
^5S^NP«*^'*' 
 
 ;| 
 
 'f 
 
 •JO Mr. OCCOM's SERMON AT THE 
 
 of the ground is ciirfcd, and all creatures that Gnd hath made 
 for man are curfed alfo; and whatever G«</curfes is a curfed 
 thing indeed. Thus Jcath and dcftru£lion are in all the enjoy- 
 ments of men in this life, ewry enjoyment in this world is lia- 
 ble to misfortune in a thoufand ways, both by fea and land. 
 
 How many (hips, that have been lorided with the rhoicefl 
 trcafures of the earth, have been fw,allo\ved up in the ore:'n ma- 
 ny times jufl before they enter their dcfircd haven. And vaft 
 treafures have been con fumed by fire on the -land. And the 
 fruits of the earth are liable to many judgments. And the dear- 
 eft and neareft enjovments of men are generally balanced v.ith 
 «qual forrow and pricf. A man and his wife who liavc li>cd 
 together in happinefs for many years ; that have comforted each 
 other in various changes of life, muft at laft be feperated ; one 
 or the other muft be taken away firft by death, and then f'^e poor 
 furvivor is drowned in tears, in forrow, moiirnihg and CTief. 
 And when a dear child or children are taken away by death, rhe 
 bereaved parents are bowed down with forrow and deep mourn- 
 ing, when Jofeph was fold by his brethren unto the Ilhma- 
 elitcs, they took his coat and rolled it in blood, and carried it 
 to their father, and the good patriarch knew it to be Joleph's 
 coat, and he concluded that his dear Jofeph was devoured by 
 evil beafts, and he was plunged all over in forrow and bitter 
 mourning, and herefufed to be comforted. And fo when ten- 
 der parents are taken away by death, the children are leftcom- 
 fortlefs. — All this is the fad effc£l of fin. — Thefe are the wages- 
 of fin. 
 
 And we are to confider mm's fpirltual de.nh, while he is here 
 in this w'orld. We find it thus written in the word of God. 
 •' And the Lord God commanded the man, faying, of every tree 
 of the garden thou mayeft freely eat : but of the tree of know- 
 ledge, of good and evil, thou Ihalt not eat of it, for in the day 
 that thou eateft thereof thou fhalt furely die." And yet he did 
 cat of it, and fo he and all his pofterity, are but dead men. And 
 St. Paul to the Ephefians faith, " You hath he quickened, who 
 were dead in trefpaftes and fins." — The great Mr. Henry fays 
 on this place, that unregencrate fouls, all thofe who are in their- 
 fins, are dead in fins ; yea, in trefpalfes and fins ; which may 
 fignify all forts of fins, habitual and aflual ;' fins of heart and 
 life. Sin is the death of the foul. Wherever that prevails, 
 there is a privation of all fpiritual life. Sinners arc dead in jiate^ 
 being deftitute of the principles and powers of fpiritual life; and 
 cut otF from God, the fountain of life : and they are dead in law, 
 as' a condemned ir\alefad\or is faid to be a dead man. Now a 
 dead man, in a natural fenfe, is unaclive, and is of no fcrvice 
 to the living ; there is no correfpondence between the dead and 
 the living i there is no agreement or union between them, no 
 fcllovvlhiu at all between the di;ad aind the living. A dead man 
 
 is 
 
 a*»as«as*&,ii'K*i«&y 
 
 *J^ 
 
"W^ ', 
 
 r THE 
 
 God hath matfe 
 :urfes is a curfcd 
 
 in all theenjoy- 
 this w<)rl(l is lia- 
 
 fea ami land. 
 mth the rhoicefl 
 in the oct;>n ma- 
 iven. And vaft 
 ■land. And the 
 s. And the dear- 
 '/ balanced with 
 2 who liave li>ed 
 e comforted each 
 i fcperated ; one 
 nd then t'le poor 
 irnihg and erief. 
 i^ay by death, the 
 and deep mourn- 
 iinto the Ilhma- 
 )d, and carried it 
 [ to be Joleph's 
 ivas devoured by 
 forrow and bitter 
 Lnd fo when ten- 
 iren are left com- 
 efe are the wages- 
 
 >, while he is here 
 e word of God. 
 ing, of every tree 
 le tree of know- 
 t, for in the day 
 And yet he did 
 t dead men. And 
 : quickened, who 
 t Mr. Henry fays 
 : who are in their - 
 lins ; which may 
 fins of heart and 
 iver that prevails, 
 ; are dead in /late,' 
 rpiritual life; and 
 y are dead in laiv, 
 id man. Now a 
 d is of no fcrvice 
 /een the dead and 
 (etween them, no 
 ig. A dead man 
 is 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL. ti 
 
 is altop;ether ignorant of the intercourfes amongft the living : 
 — jnftfoit is with men that are fpiritnully dead ; they have no 
 agreeable ad\ivily. Their activity in fin, is thfir deadnefs, and 
 itiadivity towards God. They are of no fervice to God; and 
 they have no correfpondence with heaven ; and there is no agree- 
 ment or fellowfliip between them and the 'ivingGod; and they 
 are totidly ignorant of the agreeable and fweet intercourfe there 
 is between God and his children here below: and they are ig- 
 norant, and know nothing of that bleiTed fellowlhip and union 
 there is among the faints 'here below. They are ready to fay 
 indeed, Behold how they love one another I But they know 
 nothing of that love, that the children of God enjoy. As fin 
 is in oppofitioii to God, fo finners are at enmity againft God; 
 there is no manner of a<>,reement between them. 
 
 Let us confider further. God is a living God, he is all life, 
 the fountain of life ; and a finncr is a dead foul ; there is no- 
 thing but death in him. And now judge ye, what agreement 
 can there be between them ? God is a holy and pure God, and 
 A.finner is an unholy and filthy creature :— God is i righteous 
 Being, and a finner is an unrighteous creature; God is light, 
 and a finner is darknefs itfclf. Further, what agreement 
 can there be between God and a lyar, a thief, a drunkard, a 
 fwearer, a profane creature, a whorciiKmger, an adulterer, and 
 idolater. No one that has any fenfe, dare fay, that there 
 is any agreement. Further, as finners are dead to God, as 
 fuch, they have no delight in God, and godlinefs ; they have 
 no tafte for the religion of Jefus Cl-.rilt ; tticy h^ve no pleafure 
 in the holy exercifes of religion. Prayer is no pleafant work 
 to them ; or if they have any pleafure in it, it is not out of 
 love to God, but out of fcU-love, like the Pharifees of old ; 
 they loved to pray in open view of men, that they might have 
 praife from them. But probably they were not careful to pray 
 in fecret. Thefe were dead fouls, they were unholy, rotten 
 hypocrites, and fo all their prayers and religious exercifes were 
 cold, dead, and abominable fervices to God. Indeed they are 
 rfead to all the duties that God requires of them ; they are 
 dead to the holy bible ; to all the laws, c >mmands and pre- 
 cepts thereof; and to the ordinances of the gofpel of the Lord 
 Jefus Chrift. When they read the book of God, it is like an 
 old almanack to them, a dead book. But it is becaufe they 
 are dead, and as fuch, all their fervices are againft God, even, 
 their bell fervices are an abomination unto God ; yea finners 
 are fo dead in fin, that the threaienings of God do rtot move 
 them. All the thunderings and lightnings of Mount Sinai do 
 not ftir them. Though all the curfes of the law are out againft 
 them ; yea, every time they read thefe curfes in the bible, they 
 are curfing them to their faces, and to their very eyes ; yet 
 they are unconcerned, and go on in fio without fear. And 
 
 laftly 
 
 { 
 
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 1 *' ' 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 •^mnJmif 
 
I 
 
 *^.wf\ 
 
 
 ^W 
 
 X 
 
 i'^^*' 
 
 i 
 
 it' 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 \ . 
 
 ■' 1' 
 
 ill 
 
 i 
 
 
 'II 
 i'i 
 
 •!| 
 
 4> 
 
 1^ ^ 
 
 ,2 Mx. OCCOM's SERMON AT THE 
 
 Jaftly here: Sin has fo ftnpifiecl the finncr, that he will not be- 
 lieve his own fenfes; he wont believe his own eyes, nor his 
 own ears ; he reads the book of God, but he does not believe 
 ivhat he reads. 'And he hears of Ciod, and heaven, and eter- 
 nal happincfs, and of hell and eternal mifcry ; but he believes 
 none of thcfe things; he goes on', as if there were no (tod. 
 T>or heaven and happincfs, and as if he had not any fear of hell 
 and eternal torments ;--he fees his fellow men dropping away 
 daily on every fide, yet he goes on carelefsly in fin, as if he 
 never was to die. And if he at any time thinks of dywig, he 
 Jiardly believes his own thoughts. Death is at a great diflance, 
 fo far off, that he does not concern himfclf about it, fo as to 
 prepare for it. God mournfully complains of his people, that 
 they do not confider ; " O that they were wife, that they un- 
 <ler(tood this, that they would cnnfider their latter end." 
 
 The next thing I fhall confider, is the adual death of the 
 body, or feparation between foul and body. At the celTatiqn 
 of natural life, there is an end of all the enjoyments of this 
 Jife : there i« no more joy nor forrow ; no more hope nor fear, 
 as to the body ; no more contrivance and carrying on any bu- 
 finefs; no more merchandizing and trading ; no more farm- 
 ing; no more buying and felling; no more building of any 
 kind, no more contrivance tit all to live in the world ; no more 
 flatteries nor frowns from the world ; no more honor nor re- 
 ■rroach : no more praife ; no more good report, nor evil rejwrt:; 
 f ,o more learning of any frades, arts or fciences in the world ?, 
 no more finful pleafurcs, they are all at an end ; recreations,, 
 vifiting, tavern haunting, mufic and dancing, chambermg and 
 caroufing, playing at dice and cards, or any game whatfoever ; 
 <rurfingand fwcaring, and profaning the holy name of God, 
 <lrunkenncfs, fighting, debauchery, lying and cheating, in this 
 world.muftceafe forever. Not only fo, finners miift bid an 
 <tenwl farewell to all the world ; bid farewell to all their beloved 
 fins and pleafures : and the places and polTeffions that knew 
 them once, fliall know them no more forever. And further, 
 they mull bid adieu to all facrcd and divine things. They z'n 
 -t.bliged to leave the bible, and all the ordinances thereof ; and 
 to btd farewell to preachers, and all fermons and all chriftian 
 people, and chriftian convcrfation ; they muft bid a long tare- 
 %vt;ll to fabbaths and fcafons, and opportunities of worihip ; 
 yea, an eternal farewell to God the Father, Son and Holy 
 iGhoft, and adieu to heaven and all happincfs, to faints and all 
 the inhabitants of the dipper world. At your leifure pleafe to 
 jcaa the deftriiaion of habylon ; Rev. the i8th, molt of that 
 <ltfcripiion will apply to the cafe of dying firmcrs. 
 
 Mean while, the poor departed foul muU take up its lodging 
 in forrow, xvoe and mifery, in the lake that burns with tue 
 ^d brimftonc, where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not 
 
 quenched .i 
 
 ^.:,i. 
 
 *'iMSni M 
 
AT THE 
 
 hat he will not be- 
 own eyes, imr his 
 he Hoes not believe 
 ri heaver), and eter- 
 ry ; but he believes 
 here were no (tod, 
 not any fear of hell 
 nen dropping away 
 fsly in fin, as if he 
 ;hniks of dyiiig, he 
 5 at a great diflance. 
 If about it, fo as to 
 ; of his people, that 
 wife, that they un- 
 ir latter end." 
 aftual death of the 
 At the celTalion 
 
 enjoyments of this 
 more hope nor fear* 
 carrying on any bu- 
 ng ; no more farm- 
 ore building of any 
 the world ; no more 
 more honor nor re- 
 )ort, nor evil rcjwrt:; 
 iences in the world :, 
 n end ; recreations,, 
 ng, chambering and 
 y game whatfoever ; 
 holy name of God» 
 and cheating, in this 
 
 finners miift bid an 
 ;11 to all their beloved 
 [lolTeffions that kntvf 
 ever. And further, 
 e things. They z'f. 
 nances thereof \ and 
 ons and all chriftian 
 muft bid a long tare- 
 rtuiiities of worihip ; 
 ither. Son and Holy 
 lefs, to faints and all 
 your Icifure pleafe to 
 le 1 8th, molt of that 
 ; finners. 
 ft take up its lodging 
 
 that burns with fire 
 
 t, and the fire is not 
 
 quenched j 
 
 c-T_:r 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL, 13 
 
 ouenched ; where a multintde of frightful deformed devil* dwell. 
 ^,1 the damned ghofls of Adam's race ; where darknefs, hor- 
 ror and defpair reigns, where hcipc never comes, and where 
 mu»r cruilty naked fouls vvill be tormented with exqmiite tor- 
 ments^ even the wrath of the Almighty poured out upon their 
 damned fouls ; the finoke of their torments afcendmg up lor 
 ever and ever ; and hellifh groans, bowlings, ones and Ihricks 
 all round them, and mertilcfs devils upbraidmg them for their 
 folly and mrulnefs, and tormenting them incciTantly.-^And 
 there they muft endure the moit imfatiable, fruitlcfs delire. 
 and the moft overwhelming Ihame and confufion, and the molt 
 horrible tear, and the moft doleful forn.w, and the moft rack- 
 ing defpair. When they caft their flaming eyes to heaven, 
 with Dives in torments, they behold an angry and frownmg 
 God, whofe eyes are as a flaming fire, and they are ftrucJc 
 with ten thoufimd darts of pain ; and the fight of the happi- 
 nefs of the faints above, adds to their pains and aggravates 
 their mifcry. And when they reflea upon their paft folly and 
 madnefs, in negleding the great falvation in their^day, it wiU 
 pierce them with ten thoufand inconceivable torments; it will 
 as it were enkindle their hell afreih ; and it will caufe them to 
 curfe themfelves bitterly, and curfc the day in which they were 
 born, and curfc their parents that were the inftruments of their 
 being in the w rid ; yea they will curfe, bitterly curfe ; anl 
 wifli that very God that gave them their being, to be m the 
 fame condition with them in hell torments. This is what .s 
 called the fecond death, and it is the laft death, and an eternal 
 death to a guilty foul. 
 
 Aud O eternity, eternity, eternity! Who can mealure itf 
 Who can count the years thereof? Arithmetic muft fail, the 
 thoughts of men and angels are drowned in it ; how Ihall we 
 defcribe eternity ? To what ftiall we compare it? Were it 
 poflible to employ a fly to carry ofFthis globe by the ftnall par- 
 ticles thereof, and to carry them to fiich a diftance that it fliouJ<i 
 return once in ten thoufand years for another particle, and fo 
 continue until it has c irricd off all this globe, and framed them 
 tocether in ome unknown fpacc, until it has made juft fuch a 
 world as this is ; after all, eternity would remain the fame un- 
 exhaufted duration * This muft be the unavoidable portion of 
 all imp-Mitcut finners. let them be who they will, great or 
 fmnl!, i.onorabie or ignoble, rich or poor, bond or free. Nc- 
 gro'is In..ii?ns," EngUfli, or of what nations focver, all that 
 die in their fins, muft go to hell together, for the wages of 
 
 fin is death. 
 
 The next thing that I was to confider is this : 
 
 II That eternal life and happinefs is the free gift of GoJ, 
 
 through Jc'u' Chrift our Lord. 
 
 Under 
 • Reader, do uotice the Indian's Defcrlption of Etersit v. 
 
 .',' 
 f 
 
 
;'>^ 
 
 
 . It 
 
 ■■ 'I 
 
 1. .. . 
 
 ^ • 
 
 ; ■ •'• 
 
 
 1 , ■• '-• 
 
 ■\< 
 
 4 
 
 14 Mr. OCCOM's sermon AT THE 
 
 Under this propofition I fliall endeavour to (hew, what thii 
 life and happincfs is. 
 
 The life that is mentioned in our text, bes;ins with a/plri- 
 tualWk: it is the life of the foul, a reftoration of foul from 
 fin to holinefs, from darknefs to light, a tranllation from the 
 kingdom and dominion of fatnn, to the kingdom of God's 
 grace. In other words, it is being reftored to the image of 
 God, and delivered from the image of fatan. And this life 
 confifts in union of the foul to God, and co.nmurtion with 
 God; a real participation of the divine nature, or in theapof- 
 tle's words, it is Chri(t formed within us ; "I live, fays he, yet 
 not I, but Chrirt liveth in me." And the apoftle John faith, 
 "Godi'slove,andhethatdwelleth in love, dwelleth in God, and 
 God in him." This is the life of the foul. It is called em- 
 phatically life, becaufe it (hall never have a period, but is liable, 
 permanent, and unchangeable, called in the fcriptures, ever- 
 lafting life, or life eternal. And tiie happinefs of this life con- 
 fifts in communion with God, or in the fpirituil enjoyment 
 of God, As much as a foul enjoys of God in this life, jurt fo 
 much of life and happinefs he enjoys or polFeires ; yea, juft fo 
 much of heaven he enjoys. A triie chriftian, defires no other 
 heaven, but the enjoyment of God : a full and perfe<El enjoy- 
 ment of God, is a full and pcrfcdt heaven and happinefs to a 
 gracious foul,— Further, this life is called eternal life, becaufe 
 God has planted a livipor principle in the foul ; and whereas 
 he was dead before, now he is made alive unto God ; there is 
 an a£^ive principle within him towards God, he now moves 
 towards God in his religious devotions and exercifes ; is daily, 
 comfortably and fweetly walking with God, in all his ordi- 
 nances and commands ; his delight is in the ways of God ; he 
 breathes towards God, a living breath, in praifes, prayers, ado- 
 rations and thankfgivings ; his prayers are now heard in the 
 heavens, and his praifes delight the ears of the Almighty, and 
 his thankfgivings are accepted. So alive is he now to God, that 
 it is his meat and drfnk, yea more than his meat and drink, 
 to do the will of his heavenly Father. It is his delight, his 
 happinefs and pleafure to ferve God, He does not drag ^im- 
 felf to his duties now, but he does them out of choice, and 
 with alacrity of foul. Yea, fo alive is he to God, that he gives 
 up himfelf and all that he has entirely to God, to.be for him 
 and none other ; his whole aim is to glorify God in all things, 
 whether by life or death, all the fame to him. 
 
 We have a bright example of this in St Paul. After he 
 was converted, he was all alive to God j he regarded not him- 
 felf, but was willing to fpend, and be fpent in the fervice of 
 his God; he was hated, reviled, defpifed, laughed at, and 
 called by all manner of evil names ; was fcourged, ftoned and 
 imprifoacd ;— and all could not Hop his adivity towards God. 
 
 He 
 
AT THE 
 
 (hew, what thij 
 
 Js;ins with ajpiri- 
 iition of foul from 
 a filiation from the 
 ingdom of God's 
 
 1 to the image of 
 in. And this life 
 
 coTimurtion with 
 re, or in theapof^ 
 I live, fays he, yet 
 poftle John faith, 
 elleth in God, and 
 It is called em- 
 :riod, but is liable, 
 : fcriptiires, ever- 
 :fs of this life con-> 
 irituil enjoyment 
 in this life, jiirt fo 
 feires ; yea, juft (o 
 1, defires no other 
 nd perfe<El enjoy- 
 md happinefs to a 
 ernal life, becaufe 
 ml ; and whereas 
 ito God ; there is 
 I, he now moves 
 xercifes; is daily, 
 :1, in all his ordi- 
 ways of God ; he 
 ifes, prayers, ado- 
 now heard in the 
 le Almighty, and 
 
 now to God, that 
 
 meat and drinky 
 is his delight, his 
 les not drag {iim- 
 it of choice, and 
 God, that he gives 
 od, to.be for him 
 God in ail things, 
 I. 
 
 Paul. After he 
 regarded not him- 
 in the fervice of 
 
 laughed at, and 
 
 jrged, ftoned and 
 
 ity towards God. 
 
 He 
 
 Tgr-«5«^ 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL. if 
 
 ITe would boldly and coiiragioufly go on in preaching the gof- 
 pcl of the Lord Jefus Chrill, to poor, loft, and undone fin- 
 ners ; he would do the work God fet him about, in fpite of 
 all oppofition he met with, either from men or devils, earth or 
 hell ; come death, or come life, none of thefc things moved 
 him, becaufe he was alive unto God. Though he fuffered 
 hunger and third, cold and heal, poverty and nakcdnefs by day 
 and by night, by fca and land, and was in danger all ways; yet 
 he would ferve God amidft all thefe dangers. Read his amaz- 
 ing account in 2 Cor. xi. 23. and on. 
 
 Another inflance of marvellous love towards God, we have 
 in Daniel. When there wasja proclamation, fent by the king, 
 tc all his fubjefts, forbidding them to call upon their gods, 
 for thirty days ; which was done by envious men, that they 
 might find occafion againft Daniel, the fcrvant of the Moft 
 High God i yet he having the life of God in his foul, regarded 
 not the king's dcxrce, but made his petitions to his God, as 
 often as he ufed to do, though death was threatened to the 
 difobedient. But he feared not the hell they had prepared ; 
 the den refembled hell, and the lions the devils. Thus 
 Daniel and Paul went through fire and water, as the com- 
 mon faying is, becaufe they had eternal life in their fouls in aa 
 eminent manner ; and they regarded not this life, for the caufe 
 and glory of God. And thus it has been in all ages with true 
 Chriltians. Many of the fore-fathers of the Englifli, in this 
 tot.iHry, had this life, and are gone the fame vi'ay that the 
 holy prophets and apoftles went. Many of them went througli • 
 all manner 'of fufferings. for God ; and a great number of them 
 are gone home to heaven, in chariots of fire. I have feen the 
 place in London, called Smithficld, where numbers were burnt 
 to death for the religion of Jefus Chrift *. And there is the 
 feme life in true chriftians now in thefe days ; and if there-' 
 fhould pcrfecutions arife in our day, I verily believe, tru& 
 chriftians would fufFer with the famefpirit and temper of mind» 
 sis thefe did, who fuffered in days palt. 
 
 We proceed to (hew, that this life which we have defcribed,. 
 is the free gift of God, through Jefus Chrift our Lord. 
 
 Sinners have forfeited all mercy into the hand of divine juf- 
 tice, and have merited hell and damnation to themfelves ; for 
 the wages of fin is everlafting death, but heaven and happinefs 
 is a free gift; it comes by favour ; and all merit is excluded : 
 and especially if we confider that we are fallen finful creatures,. 
 
 and 
 
 • That part of Sraithiield on which the Bell lately flood, it feem» 
 is the very ground that was hallowed by the fett of the burning 
 Martyrs. A fma/l circular pa-vcmeitt is the only dillinftion whuh 
 now remains to afcertaia the memorable, the never to be forgotten fpot» 
 
 '^ 
 
 *, 
 
 A 
 
 Ji«S7i 
 
 f i 
 
'T''^' 
 
 .'I f 
 
 ~«:'-,-r:ipssS»Jcwp*=w 
 
 v.. ' • 
 
 
 If-' 
 
 iii^ 
 
 
 
 1: 
 
 y/ 
 
 .% 
 
 ^ Mr. OCCOM's sermon AT THE 
 
 ami there is nothing in us that can recommend us to the favour 
 of God ; and wc can do notliing that is agreeable and accept- 
 able to God ; and the mercies we enjoy in this life, are alto- 
 rethf r from the pure mercy of God ; we arc unequal to them. 
 Good old Jacob cried out, under a fcnfe of his unworthinefs, 
 " I am lefs than the lead of all thy mercies," we have no- 
 thin? togive'unto.God.if wc elfay to give all thefervicc that we 
 arc capable of, we fhould give him nothing but what was his 
 own, and when we give up ourfelves unto God, both foul and 
 b .dv', we give him nothing i for we were his before; he had 
 liKht to do with us as he pleafed, either to throw us into hell, 
 or five us.— There is nothing that we can call our own, but 
 our fins ; and who is he that dares to fay, I expcd to have 
 heaven for my fins ! for our text fays, that the wages of fm is 
 death. If we arc thusunequal andunworthy of the lead mercy 
 in thi-^ life, how much more are we unworthy of eternal life? 
 vet God can find it in his heart to give it. And it is altogether 
 unmerited ; it i« a free gift to undeferving and hell deferving 
 fmners of mankind : it is aUogether of God's fovereign good 
 plcafure to give it. It is, office grace andfovereign mercy, and 
 from the unbounded goodncfs of God ; he was fclf-movefl 
 to it And it is faid, that this life is given in and through the 
 Lord Jefus Chrift. It could not be given in any other way, 
 but in and through the death and fuffcrings of Chnlt ; Lhnl^ 
 himfclf is a uifV, and he is the chriftian's life. " For God 
 fo h)ved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that 
 whof.icver btlieveth in l.im Ihould not perifh, but have ever- 
 lallinc life." The word fays further, •' For by grace ye are 
 faved: throueh faith, and that not of yourfelves, it is the gift 
 of God " This is given through Jefus Chrid our Lord ; Lhrilt 
 obtained it wi'h his own blood, by the influence of his fpirit 
 he prepares us for it ; and by his divine grace prefervcs us to 
 it. In a word, he is all in all in our eternal falvation; all 
 this is the free gift of God. 
 
 I have now gone through what I propofcd from my text. 
 And I (hall novv make fome application ot the whole. 
 
 Firll to the criminal in particular ; aad then to the auditory 
 in general. 
 
 Ah poor unhappy brother MOSES ; 
 As it was your own defire that I ihould preach to you this 
 laft difcourfe, fo I fliall fpeak plainly to you.— You arc the 
 bone of my bone, and Helh of my fleOi. You are an Indian, 
 a defpifed creature ; but you have defpifed yourfelf ; yea, you 
 have defpifed God more ; you have trodden under loot his 
 authority ; you have defpifed his commands and precepts^: 
 and now, as God fays, - be fure your fins will find you out , 
 fo now, poor Mofes, yourfins have found you out, and they have 
 ivertakcn you this day j the day of your death is now come , 
 
 '■**9Bfeifc. 
 
 i&^gi'- 
 
T THE 
 
 us to tlie favour 
 able and accept- 
 his life, are alto- 
 iineqiial to them, 
 lis unworthinefs, 
 *," we have no- 
 tie fervicc that we 
 lut vkhat was his 
 od, both foul and 
 s before ; he had 
 irow us into hell, 
 all our own, but 
 
 I expc(El to have 
 le wages of fin is 
 of the leaft mercy 
 ly of eternallife ? 
 nd it is altogether 
 ind hell defcrving 
 i's fovereign good 
 ireign mercy, and 
 s was fclf-moved 
 n and through the 
 n any other way, 
 of Chrift ; Chrift 
 life. " For God 
 )egotten Son, that 
 fli, but have ever- 
 br by grace ye are 
 Ives, it is the gift 
 lour Lord-, Chrirt 
 ence of his fpirit 
 ace prefervcs us to 
 rnal falvation ; all 
 
 )fcd from my text. 
 
 :he whole. 
 
 len to the auditory 
 
 preach to you this 
 ^ou.— You are the 
 'ou are an Indian, 
 yourfelf; yea, you 
 den under foot his 
 nds and precepts : 
 irill find you out ;" 
 1 out, and they have 
 cath is now Cjtne ; 
 the 
 
 ■ J'- 
 
 ^, I mi i i^ iii»i i < iiij piw| f i i i | w*MW|p» mw» i pi i u»iy »wip«^tiWpiPBai 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL. 17 
 
 the king of terrors is at hand ; you luve h«it a very few mo- 
 ments to breathe in this world.— The jnil laws ot man. and 
 the holy law of Jehovah, call aloud for the deltriiaion of your 
 mortal life ; God favs, " Whofo (htdc)eih man's blood, by 
 man fiiall his blood be flied." This is the anucrit decree of 
 heaven, and it is to be executed by man •, nor have yon the, 
 leafl gleam of hope ofefcape, for the unalterable lentence is 
 part ; the terrible day of exccjition is come; the unwelcome 
 guard is about you ; and the fatal iiif'tiuments olMcath are now 
 made ready ; your coffin and your grave, your lull lod-mg, ar.e. 
 open ready to receive you. I'-i 
 
 Alas! poor Mofcs, now you know, by fad, by woful expe- 
 rience, the living truth of our text, that the wages oi l\n is 
 death. You have been already dead ; yea twice dead : by na-^ 
 ture fpiritually dead, and (Tnce the awful fcntence of dcath- 
 hq? been part iipon you', yon have been dead to all the pleafnrcs 
 of this life : or all the pleafi.res, lawful or unlawful, have been 
 dead to you : And death which is the wages of fin, is (land- 
 ing even on this fide of your grave ready to put a final period 
 to your mortal life; and juft beyond the grave, eternal death, 
 awaits your poor foul, and the devils are ready to drag your 
 miferable foul down to their botionilefsden, where everlalhng 
 woe and horror reigns ; the place is filled with dolefulfhncks, 
 howls and groans of the damned Oh ! to what a miferable, 
 forlorn, and wretched condition, have your extravagant folly 
 and wickcdnefs brought you, i.e. if you die in your fins. 
 And O ! what manner of repentance ought you to manifeft ! 
 How ought your heart to bleed for what you have done ! How 
 ouoht you toproftratevtnir foul before a bleeding God! And 
 imder felf-condemnatiorT, cry out, Ah Lord, ah Lord, what 
 have I done !— Whatever partiality, injiidice and error there 
 may be among the judges ofthe earth, remember that you have 
 deferved a thoufand deaths, and a thoufand hells, by rcafon of 
 your fins, at the hands of a holy God. Should ( .od come out 
 againft you in firia juftice, alas ! what could you fay for ycnir- 
 felf ? for you have been brought up under the bright fiin-lhiDe^: 
 and plain, and loud found ol the gofpel ; and you havaj^^^t^ 
 good education ; yon can read and write well i and Gofl has 
 given vou a good natural underlbnding : and therefore your 
 fms are fo much more aggravated. You have not finned in - 
 fuch an ignorant manner as others have done ; but you have 
 finned with both your eyes open as it were, under the light, 
 even the glorious light of the gofpel of the Lord Jefus Chrilh 
 —You have finned againft the light of your own confcience, 
 againft your knowledge and underftanding ; you have finned 
 againft the pure and holy laws of God, and the juft laws of 
 men ; you have finned againft heaven and earth ; vou have 
 fumed againft all the mercies and goodnefs of God ; you have 
 
 B finned 
 
 t 
 
 
 t-l*» I- 
 
 d' 
 
 J^r^J* 
 
* 
 
 I.. , 
 
 l'.-«. 
 
 ': t 
 
 »':' K 
 
 
 ,f 
 
 I ' ' 
 
 p-rr- 
 
 i« 'Mt. OCCOM's SERMON AT THE 
 
 finned njToir.ft the whole bible, againft the old and new-tefta- 
 mcnt ; yon have finned yi;aiii(l the blood of Chri;t, which ii 
 the blood of the everlaftiiig covenant. O poor Mofcs, fee what 
 you have done' and now repent, repent, I fay again repent i 
 fee how the blood you ihed cries againlt yo", and the avenger 
 of blood is at your heels. Q fly, fly to the Blood of the Lamb 
 of ( jod. for the prirdon of all your aggravated fins. 
 
 B t let us now turn to a more pleafant theme. — Though 
 you have been a great finner, a heaven daring finnex ; yet hark ! 
 O hear the joyful found from heaven, even from the King of 
 Vines and Lord of lords ; that the gift of (Jod is eternal Tifej 
 throut^h Jefus Chrift our Lord. It is a free gift, and bclhwed 
 on the greateft fmners, and upon their true repentance towards 
 God and faith in the Lord Jcfjis Qirift, they Ihall be welcome 
 to the life, which we have fpoken of i it is granted upon free 
 terms. He that bath no money may come ; he that hath no 
 rii hteoufn^fs, nogoodnefs, may come ; the call is to poor un- 
 done finners ; the call is not to the righteous, but finners. 
 inviting them to repentance. Hear the voice of the Son of the 
 moft high God, " Come unto me, all ye that labour and arc 
 heavy laden, and I wiU give you re(t." This is a call, a gra- 
 ciotis call to you, poor Mofes, under your prefent burdens and 
 dillrcfies. And Chrift has a right to call finners to hirofelf. 
 It would be prefumption for a mighty angel to call a poor fin- 
 ner to hin>fclf ■■, and were it poOible for you to apply to all God $ 
 creatures, they would with one voi.e tell you, that it was not 
 in them to help you. Go to all the means of grace, »licy 
 woi.fd prove mifcrable helps, without Chrift himlelf. Yea, 
 apnW to all the minilters of the gofpel in the world, they would 
 air fay, that it was not in them, but wonld only prove as in- 
 dexes, to print out to you, the Lord Jefus Chrift, the only 
 ■ Sa iour of fmners of m-nkind. Yea, go to all the angels m 
 hea\cn, they wmiV' do 'he fame. Yer», go to God the Father 
 feimf.lf. wi-hout Chnit. he could not help you. to fpeak after 
 the ni'^iner of :-cu ';e wotild alfo point to the Lord Jefus 
 Chu^U andf:.v. " Th:s is my Ixlovcd Sou, in whom I ..m well 
 pKattd, h'-ar ye him." riuis vou fee, poor Mofes, th.u there 
 b none in !;eaven, or ott the earth, that can help you. but 
 Cbr'ft , • ii.ne has p o-er 'o fi"^ and to give lift — . Jod the 
 eteri.al K her .;pp«i:.tcd,hiiu, chafe him. authi)ri2ed. and fully 
 • ' coiTir.^iOi r.-d him to tave ii- .rs. He ^^mc down .ro'i,i hea- 
 ' ' vei., ■<•!"■■ 'his'l'>>.-M .ioilil, and became U:, oiieof us, uu:i ;tood 
 in 'i . luu-n. He was the f. .-.oiid Ma.n And as 'sj'mJ vie, 
 'rr.'^ndvaptpfeaohclicriccor'tliefir:! A.Um; th« fec-jnd ful- 
 fill,.', il, ar.l a^ '> 'irft finiicd, and incurred the wrath and 
 an; ^.j of '.iod, iht f<:.oud endured il i he fu.f' red lu our room. 
 i,. t) -n.' fin tor us, lu- wasaAniu of firrows. and ac- 
 imied With grief i all our itripe 3 wwe laid u^joa him , yea, 
 
 he 
 
 f 
 
 A' 
 
 <i'- 
 
 t 
 
 \ 
 
 '%%. 
 
f 
 
 '■■W M l 1 11 I HI WWI*'^— Pl"^***'*^ 
 
 "■■«-*- 1' 
 
 ' THE 
 
 \ anrl new-tefta- 
 Chrit, which is 
 Mofcs, fee what 
 ly again repent ^ 
 and the avenger 
 :)od of the Lamb 
 lins. 
 
 heme.— Though 
 inner ; yet hark ! 
 from the King of 
 od is eternal life, 
 ;ift, and bclt(»wed 
 pentancc towards 
 ihall be welcome 
 granted upon free 
 ; he that hath no 
 :all is to poor un- 
 :ous, but fmners, 
 ; of the Son of the 
 at labour and are 
 is is a call, a gra- 
 efent burdens and 
 nners to himfelf« 
 to call a poor fin- 
 apply to all God'$ 
 )U, that it was not 
 ans of grace, they 
 ift himfelf. Yet, 
 world, they would 
 only prove as in- 
 Chrift, the only 
 
 all the arveels in 
 to God the Father 
 ^ou. to fpeak after 
 
 to the Lord Jefus 
 
 1 whom Km well 
 • Mofes, th.n there 
 can help you. but 
 ive lift — '.lod the 
 thoiized. and fully 
 \c down roil !iea- 
 •ncof u!^, uu I ;tood 
 
 And as si )d vlcr 
 ; the fec^jnd fiil- 
 red the wratii ^^i 
 .f red wi ytir rooai. 
 f fjrrows, aad ac- 
 id uyon him , >'ea» 
 he 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL. t^ 
 
 he was finally condemned, becaufe we Were uiulcr condemna- 
 tion ; and at Infl was executed and put to death for our lins i 
 Was lifted up between the heaven and the earth, and was cru- 
 cified on the accurfed tree ; his blcilcd hands and feet were 
 faftcned there ; — there he died a (hameful and ignominious 
 death ; there he finifhod the great work of our -.'edemption : 
 there his heart's blond was fhed for our cicanfing: thorc he 
 fully fatisficd the divine juflice of <>ni\, for penitent, helie\ ire 
 fmners, though they have been the chief of fmners.— O MoO s! 
 this is good news to you, in this laft day of your life ; Behold ! 
 a crncified Saviour ; his hlefled hand' are out-ftretchcd, all 
 in a gore of hhwKl. This is the only Saviour, an almighty 
 Saviour, jiift fnrh as you (land in infinite and pcrifhing need 
 of. O, poor Mofes ! hear the dying prayer of a gracious Sa- 
 viour on the accurfed tree. — '• Father forgive them, for they 
 know not what they do." This was a prayer for his enemies 
 and murderer*! ; and it is for all who repent and believe in 
 him. O why will you die eternally, poor Mofes, fince Chri'i 
 has died for fmners ? Why will you go to hell from beneath 
 the bleeding Saviour as it were ? This is the day of yorr exe- 
 cution, yet it is the accepted time, it is tne day rf falvation if 
 you no.v believe in the Lord Jefus Chrift. Muft Chrift follovir 
 you into the prifon by his fervants, and there intrcai you to 
 accept of eternal life, and will you refufe it ? and miifi he 
 follow you even to the gallows, and there befeech you to ac- 
 cept of him, ami will yoti refufe him? Shall he be crucified 
 hard by your gallows, as it were, and will you regard him not? 
 ( > poor Mofes, believe on the Lord Jefus Chrill with all your 
 heart, and thou (halt be faved eternally. Come jjift as you 
 are, with all yotir fins and abominations, with all your blood-, 
 guiltinefs, with all your condenmation, and lay hold of th« 
 hope fet before you this day. This is the laft day of falvation 
 with your foul ; you will be beyond the bounds of mercy in 
 a few minutes more. O, what a joyful day will it be if you 
 now openly believe Jn, and receive the Lord Jefiis Chrid i it 
 would be the beginning of heavenly days with your poor fotd ; 
 inflead of a melancholy day, it would be a wedding tlay to your 
 foiil ; it would caiife the yery angels in h.cavcn to rejoice, and 
 the faints on earth to be^glad ; it would caufe the angels to 
 come down from the realms above, and wait hovering about 
 yoin- gallows, ready to convey your foul to the heavenly man- 
 fions, there to take the poffeflion of eternal glory and happinefs, 
 ^nd join the heavenly choirs in finging the fong of Mofes and 
 ttie Laitrb ; there to fit down forever with Abraham, Ifaac and 
 Jacob in the kingdom of (iotl's glory ; and your fliame and 
 guilt fhall be forever baniflied from the place, and all foirrow 
 and fear forever fly away, and tears be wiped from your face j 
 and there fhall ^-ou forever admire the aftoniibing And juaaaunrr 
 
 C a and 
 
 
 .ili 
 
 ff^'t^- 
 
 r-t 
 
 'i 
 
 fr 
 
1^ i 
 
 ! . 
 
 i ■ 
 
 20 
 
 Mr. OCCOM's sermon AT THE 
 
 \ 
 
 a.ul inlini.c mercy of God in Cl.rill Jcfus. .n P"«j "'"? " 
 a m...V.lrous li.u.er as y„„ l.avc been i there you will claim the 
 hi-rhclt note of prair-. for tlie riclu-s of free grace in Chr.il Jc- 
 fus Hut if you will not ar ( cpt of n Saviour propofcd to your 
 acceptance in .liis lalt day of yonr life, yon '""'V'^^/Vy £' 
 bi.l farewell to inn\ tb. Father. Son and Holy Ghol. to he. - 
 vcn and all the faints and ani;els that arc there ; and yon nu.l 
 bid all the faints in this lower world an eternal farewell, anil 
 cien .he whob wnrUi An.l fo I mnd leave yon m the hands 
 of (Jod : and mnll torn to the whole auditory 
 
 Sirs. We ,nny plainly fee, from what we have heard, and 
 fron. the m.ferable ohjecl before ns, irUo what a ^o eh. con- 
 dition f.n has bro..i;ht mankind, even into a rtale uf dca h and 
 n Hl^ y /F. are h} nature as certainly nnder fentence of death 
 'f.omCJod. as this miferable man is. by the the j,. Uletcrm.- 
 vati<.n of man; and we a. e all dying creatures, th.s is the 
 ^^ r^^^^^^^^^ O! let ns then tly from al appearance 
 
 c f lln ■ let ..s fi^ht a^ainll i. with all o.,r might ; Ict'.s repent 
 and turn o C^,od. and believe on the Lord JelnsChrill that 
 Z may live forever ; let ns all prepare tor death tor we know 
 not how foon. nor how fnddenly we may be called out oi the 
 
 ""'Petmit me reverend gentleman and fathers in Ifracl. to fpcak 
 a fw words to you. tho,.,h I am well feni b e ,hut i need to 
 L ,an.^ht t!e hrll principles of the oracles of God, by the eaft 
 • o m.- But ii.Ke the providence of God has fo ordered it 
 ■ thai I moll (peak here on this occaf.on. I beg that you would 
 not be otFended nor be anirry with me. 
 
 (:od has railed ym np. from a.nong your brethren, and has 
 flualihed. and anthorifed yon to do his great work ; and you are 
 . rfe^vants of the Moif Aigh God. and "'-""-fj^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Jcfus. the Son of the living God : you are Chnll s ambairadors , 
 V « a e called thcpherds, watchmen, overfeers. or b.thops. and 
 ^you are r, 1 s of the temples of God. or of the alFembhcs of 
 God's people ; you are CJod's angels, and as f..ch you have no- 
 
 * Ui 1 to do b..t fo wait uponGoc?. and to do the work the Lord 
 ' S Chrid yo,.r blelfed Lord and Matter has fet you about. 
 
 • • iot eaVi . the lace ol any man. nor fcekmg to pleafc men but 
 
 vour M Iter. You are to de. lare the whole counfel of God. 
 
 ' ■ S to give a portion to every foul in due leafon; asaphyi.c.an 
 
 Sve a potion to his pati.nts. according to their d.feafes. fo 
 
 f ua,' u give a porfon to every foul in d..c feafon. accord- 
 
 r , t! cir%iritiLl maladies , whether it be agreeable or d.f- 
 
 "?J Ic to !hem. you mull give it them; whether they w.l 
 
 t Jove yon or hate you for it. you mull do your work. Your 
 
 loi • to encomucr f.n and fatan ; this was the ver^ end of 
 
 " r comin-' of Chr.lt into the world, and the end of his death 
 
 ' a^ Si ngs , a was to maU ^. end of fin and to dei^oy the 
 
 ■•*■ li 
 
 Ss'iisi,. "■ 
 
 - i^r. i •« ';>. - ■. 
 
T THE 
 
 n paHoning fiirli 
 ^uu will claim the 
 ITice in Chrill Jc- 
 r propofcd to your 
 mull this very tlay, 
 )ly Ghuft, to hea- 
 rt- ; and you nuill 
 rnai farewell, and 
 I you ill the hands 
 
 c have heard, and 
 i/hat a doleful con- 
 rtaic uf death and 
 ■r fentcncc of death 
 c the jult dttcrmi- 
 itiires, this is tlie 
 roni all appearance 
 ight ; let us repent 
 ; Jcfus Chrill, that 
 leath, tor we know 
 >c called out of the 
 
 r in Ifracl, to fpcak 
 lible that i need to 
 f God, by the lead 
 has fo ordered it, 
 )eg that you would 
 
 • brethren, and has 
 work ; and you are 
 
 inifters of the Lord 
 drill's ambalfadors ; 
 ers, or bilhops, and 
 f the aircmblics of 
 ; fnch you have no- 
 j the work the Lord 
 
 • has fct you about, 
 ^ to pleafc men, but 
 le counfcl of God, 
 fon ; as a phyfician 
 to their difeafes, fo 
 lue fcafon, accord- 
 be agreeable or difr 
 whether they wilt 
 your work. Your 
 \as the ver^j^ end of 
 he end of his death 
 1 an4 to dei^oy the 
 
 works 
 
 I 
 
 EXECUTION f)F MOSES PAUL. at 
 
 works of the devil. And tins j, yo«r work flill. y„„ arc to 
 fight the banks ol ,|,c Lord. 'lhcrer<.re combine together 
 and be temblc as an army with banners ; attack this nTonllcr' 
 Im m all us (hapes and windings, and lift „p your voices u 
 trumpets an.l not fparc, call aloud, call youi people to ar.n 
 agamd ih.s conjmon enemy of mankind, that lin may not be 
 he.r run,. Call upon all orders, ranks and d^Krccs of people! 
 to rife up agam Im and fatan. Arm yonrfdves with lerven 
 prayer continually, this is a terrible weapon ag..in(l the king- 
 dom of fa.an. A.- ^I preach the death and fi.rt-crinys. and the 
 refurrea.on of Jcius Ohrii ; for nothing is fo deOrudivx- to tie 
 kingdom of the devil, as tins is. But what need I fpcak anv 
 more ? Let us aii attend, and hear the great ApolUc of the Gen- 
 tiles fpeak.ng .into us in Eph. vi from the ioth verfe and on- 
 ward. .• Pnully. mv brethren, be (Irong in the Lord, and ia 
 he power of his m.ght ; put on the whole armour of God? 
 that ye may be able to (land againlt the wiles of the devil For 
 wc wreflle not agaioft flcfh an^ blood, but againfi principalities " 
 again It powers ajraind the rulers of the darkncfs if this world! 
 agamd fp.ritnal w.ckedn. Is m high j)l.-,ces. Wherefore take 
 unto you the whole armour ot God, that ye may be abl« 
 U. fland in the ev.l day. and having done all to ftand! 
 Stand therefore having your loins girt about with truth 
 and having on the brea(K,,bie of righteouHu f. ; and your feet 
 (hod with the preparation of the golpcl of p.ace: above all 
 takmg the ihicid of fa.th, whereuirh fe (hail Vc able to ;'-, ch 
 all the iK-ry darts ot the wicked ; and take the helmet ot" Hi la- 
 tion. and the (word of the fpirit, which is the word of God • 
 pravmg aKvays with all prayer and fupplication in the fpirit'. 
 for authmf-' "'"'"" ""' '" P^'^'^-^^' -"' fupplicftioa 
 
 I than now addrefs my-felf to the Indians, my brethren and 
 kindred according to the ficfh. '"tu anu . 
 
 My POOR KINDRED, 
 
 You fee the woful confequences of (In, by feeing this our 
 poor mifcrable country-man now before us, Ao is to li tl is 
 day for his fms and great wickednefs. And it was the fin f 
 drunkenn.fs that has brought this dedruclion ai d nntime y 
 death upon h.m 1 here is a dreadful woe denounced f omthc 
 Almighty agamd drunk.nrds, and it is this fin. ths abomJa!, r 
 ble, this beadly a.ul accurfed fin of drunkeimefs, that J", 
 rtnpt us of every def.rable comfort in this life ; by this we a?e 
 poor, m.fcrable and wretched; by this (in ^e luve no name 
 nor creda m the world among polite nations; for this fin we 
 
 31'^'?/" '''" ^°''''' ^"'^ it is all right and jud. f^ we 
 defpife ourfelves more ; and if we do not regard ourfelJe "who - 
 Will regard us? And it is for our fins. and%fpccial yfo S' 
 accurfed, that mod hateful fi„ .,f drunkenncf-s that Ve A t^'r 
 «vcry day. l-or th« love of firpng drmk we fpend all that we 
 
 have. 
 
 1 
 
 ;• 
 
 I 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 k 
 
ii' . !; 
 
 i*^' 
 
 )t M». OCCOM's SERMON AT THE 
 
 have, auA curv ffiini; vvc tan ^tt. By tins lin W? cannot Ve 
 
 coirlortiil.lf hoiifcs.'nor any tlnng c-m'' ifab c in om hoiifcsi 
 
 ncilbcr fotui nor niiinmt, n<»r dcccot ntcnli!' Wr ar i.iigfd 
 
 to p\it tip an> for' nf fhclicr jult to fcrcen "is fc m tl>p fcvcnfy 
 
 of tlic wratluT ; aiuJ wi- po about with very mean, rseprJ and 
 
 riirty clotbcii, alinnit n.ikcd. And wr arc halt l\.ir.nl. tor 
 
 moll of t'ic time ohliRcd topic!: np any thing to cat— And 
 
 oiir PO(,r r hil(lr.-ii ap- fnfFcrin^ rvrry day tor want of the iictcr- 
 
 farics of lift ; thcv are very often ctyini; for wnnt ot tood, and 
 
 we hnvc nothin-' to eivo thrm ; and in the told weather thcv 
 
 are ll.iv.rin^andiryiiu:. beini: pinched with the r«)ld"..AM 
 
 this is for the lovr of niong drink. And this is not all the mi- 
 
 fcry and evil wc biini? on onifilvrs in this world ; but tvhett 
 
 wr are intoximted ^^ith ttion«; drink, wc drown otir rational 
 
 powers, by uhi.h wc are dilV.n^uilhcd from the brntahrcation; 
 
 wc unman ourfelvcs, and brini; oi.rfclvcs not only level with 
 
 the heads of 'he field, but fcvcn deduces beneath them i ye» 
 
 wc hrinK o.irf. Ives level with the devils ; I do not know but 
 
 wc make onrfelvcs worfc than the devils, for I never heard of 
 
 drunken devils. ,, i , u uf- 
 
 My poor kindred, do ronfnler what a dreadful abomibable 
 fm drnnkenntfs is. (Jod made us men, and wc ehufc to bo 
 beads and devils ; God made iis rational creatures, and wc chute 
 to be fools. Do confidcr lurther, and behold a drunkard, and 
 fee how he looks, when he has drowned his rcafon ; how de- 
 formed and fliameful doe? he appear > He dishgures every part 
 of him, both foul and body, which was made alter the irnape 
 of God. He appears with awful deformity, and his whole 
 tifage is disfigured ; if he attempts to fpeak l>e cannot bring 
 out his wor.ls diftina, fo as to be underftood ; jf he walks he 
 reels and daggers to and fro, and tumbles down. And fee how 
 he behaves, he is now laughing, and then he is crying; he ts 
 I'lncing, and the next minute he is mourning ; and is all love 
 to every one, and anon he is raging, and tor hghting, and 
 killing all before him, even the neareft and the dcarett relations 
 and friends : Yea notning is too bad for a drunken man to do. 
 He will do that which he would notdo tor the world, in his right 
 
 "^Further, when a perfon is drunk, he is juft good for nothing 
 in the world ; he is of no fervicc to himfelf, to his timily, to 
 his neighbours, or his country ; and how much more unfit is 
 he toftrve God: yet he is jud as fit for the fcrvicc of the devil. 
 Again a man in drckcimefs is in all manner of dangers, he 
 
 : itiav be killed by his fellow-men, by wild beads, and tame beads; 
 
 ' he may fall into the fire, into the water, or into a ditch ; or he 
 may tall down as he w:dks along, and break his bones or his 
 KCck ; he ma) cut himfelf with cd^c tcols.— Further, if he has 
 
 4- 
 
 J 
 
mimmm' 
 
 m u m 
 
 THE 
 
 r ranmit "^ivr 
 n <nir houfes ; 
 Vr arc liVigi'd 
 n tl\p fcvffify 
 n, rat'l'.fJ and 
 t l\.ir.rcl, for 
 to cat."-An'l 
 
 of the ticccf- 
 t ot food, and 
 
 weather thcv 
 e roKI-— All 
 \()t all the tni- 
 Id ; hilt tvheh 
 n our rational 
 riitaKrcation; 
 lily level with 
 th them i yea 
 lot know but 
 never licard of 
 
 "ill abon^ibabfe 
 vc chufc to be 
 I, and wc chtife 
 drunkard, and 
 ion ; how dc- 
 iires every part 
 Iter the image 
 ind his whole 
 : cannot bring 
 if he walks he 
 And fee ho\r 
 
 crying ; he is 
 ind is all love 
 
 fighting, and 
 careft relations 
 ten man to do. 
 rid, in his right 
 
 >od for nothing 
 his family, to 
 more unfit is 
 cc of the devil. 
 • of dangers, he 
 ind tame hearts; 
 ) a ditch ; or he 
 lis bones or his 
 urther, if he has 
 any 
 
 EXECUTION OF MOSES PAUL- " aj 
 
 any money or any thing v.iJuj|)If. he may lofe it all, or may 
 be robb-d. or he may make a fnoliflj bargain, and be cheated 
 out (it all he lus. 
 
 I believe you know ihc ruth of what I liavr j.ifl now faid, 
 many ofy,,,,. |,y fa.| experience, yet y.„i nv,|| ^r„on Kill in your 
 driinla-nnrrs. Though y.uj have been ilu-at-.-d over and over 
 ai;ain. and you have loft yanr fuMl.in •« 1)/ .Irunkcnnils yc| 
 >oii will venture to go on in this m .11 ildlructivc Ha. O tMli 
 when will yr he wife- ?-.Wf all know rl-e trufli oi \vhat I luva 
 born faying, h^ wli.it we have fcen and hcar.l .,f .In.alcai deaths. 
 How many have been drowned in our rivers an 1 how muny 
 have been fro/ on to d'.-ith in th- winter I'ar.ns! yet dnrnkards 
 goon witliout Tear ami coiilhieraiini : alas, alas ! What will 
 become of all fuch ilrunkards? Without doubt they mull all an 
 to hell, CKCcpt ihcy truly rep.-tit and turn to Q'„n\. Druiikcu- 
 uefs is fo common aiiion;/.ff iis, that even o;ir y )ii:i;' men and 
 young women arc n,)t alhained to get drimk. Our yoiuv men 
 
 will get drunk a* fo..n as they will eat when t'lc-y aiv hunt^'ry. 
 
 It is generally cdcemcd amoiigd men, mure 'abominable for 
 a woman to be drunk, tlian a man; and yet there is nothinir 
 more coiiriion amoiijrfl un than female drunkards. Wo.iien 
 oiightto I.e more modclhlian men ; tl».; ho'y U riptiircs recom- 
 mend modcfty to vron\cn in partiVular:— but ilnmkcn women 
 have no modelly at ail. It is more intolcrabie for a woman to 
 get drunk, if, wc conlulcr further, that fhe is i„ great damrcr 
 of falling into the hands of the fon-. of Belial, or wicked mln, 
 and being flumefully treated by them 
 
 And here I cannot but obf^Tvc. we lind in facrcd writ, a woe 
 dt-noiinced againll men, who put their bottles, to their neigli- 
 bours tnoiith to make them drunk, that they may C-a tlicir 
 nakednelti: and no doubt there are fuclulcvilifh men now in 
 our dav, as there were in the days of old. 
 
 And to conclude, confidcr mv poor kindred, you that are 
 drunkards, into what a miferable condition you have brought 
 yourfelves. There is a dreadful woe thundering aKojnfl you 
 everyday, and the Lord fays, that drunkards Hull luc iaherit " 
 the kingdom of God *. 
 
 And now let me exhort you all to break ofFfrom your dr.ink- 
 ennefs, by a gofpel repentance, and believe on the LjiJ (<ius 
 and you (ball be faved. Take warning by this d..>l::h!i right 
 before us and by all the dreadful judgments that ha^e botullcn ' 
 poor drunkards. O let us all reiarm our lives, and live as be- 
 co.ues dymg cnati.res. m time to coaic Let us be per- 
 fuaded that we are accountable creatures ... G .d, ana we muft 
 be called to an account in a le v days, i o,. i.'i.c have 'Kv-'n 
 caffcids all yuur days, ua-v awake to ri^htexjutnels, .i.ij be 
 
 co!ii:crne4 
 • Mr. . Occom dlfcovwi ^rcat abiiorreiice of the iiij y. -L ui^ojn.icll, ■ 
 
 f 
 
 ril 
 
 li 
 
 Hi 
 
 I ^ 
 
 fif 1 
 
 
 .#■ 
 
 i 
 
-^;" ''IflJ^' 
 
 I ; . 
 
 !f •• 
 
 .1 I" " 
 
 ,1 i 
 
 i 
 
 ,i 
 
 44 Mr. OCCOM's sermon AT TH fe, 
 
 concerned for your poor and never dying fouls. Fight asatnft 
 all fins, and efpecially the fin that eafily hefcts you, and be- 
 have in time to come as becomes rational creatures ; and above 
 all things, receive and believe on the I.ord Jefus Chrift, and 
 vou (hall have eternal life; and when you come to die, your 
 fouls will be received into heaven, there to be with the Lord 
 Jcfus in eternal happincfs, and with all the faints in glory ; 
 which, God of his infinite mercy grant, through Jefus Chrilt our 
 Lord. Amen. 
 
 " ' APPENDIX. 
 
 Mr. Kirkland has fent to the fociety in Scotland, for propagating 
 chriftian knowledge, a copy of his journ.il from May 17S6 to May 1787. 
 A concern about religion began among the Onoida Indians Augult 
 and September 1786, and in November greatly increafed. and continued 
 to do fo through the winter and fpring. About feventy ni three vil- 
 lages of that tribe appear favingly converted. In one of thefe villages 
 the conviftions have been remarkably rational and pungent, and a ienle 
 of the evil of their fin, has exceeded the fear of punifliment. 1" ano- 
 ther, juft views of their ftate have been more mixed with enthufialin. 
 Outward reformation is fuch, that in one village there hath not been 
 an inftance of an Indian drunk thefe fix months. On Lord s Days 
 Mr Kirkhnd is often employed without any confiderable mternuUion 
 from morning to evening, and can hardly command leifure for necef- 
 fary refrelhment ; and often on other days fpends ten hours ih preach- 
 ih'T, catechifing and private religious converlation with the many who 
 come to unfold to him the diitreffes of their fouls, and to alk inltruc- • 
 tion in cniiftianitv. Their hunger for the bread of life, permits not 
 his fending them' empty away. Frequently they have enjoyed much 
 of God'sprefenceinpubhc worftiip: It was remarkably fo on January i, 
 1787, when they were difturbed with Pagan Indians difcoxenng their 
 ioy for the New^Year, by firing of guns, and inviting the Chrillians to 
 an idolatrous dance, for which there was not a fufficieiit number 
 throuo-h their refufal. Irritated at Mr Kirkland, to whoift they af- 
 cribed^the difappointment, four Indian youths confpired to murder 
 him that night, which was dllcovered, and bythe great care of fome 
 of his converts, dlflippointed. Even the Heathen Sachems difapproved 
 this, and at an Indian Council that week, three of the youths expref- 
 fed their penitence, and the fourth fent his apology. Thefe appear- 
 ances have itruck lome of the Tufcarara and Onondaga tribes. Mr. 
 K.'writes that his work though fo uncommonly laborious, was never fo 
 delightful. Indeed fince the days of Mr David Brainerd, there has 
 been nothing fo promifing among the Indians. Mr Kirkland is tranfiat- 
 ingthegofpel of Mark, mid Ibme feleft Pfalms, into tlie Onoida lan- 
 guaire, which he hopes to get printed. His labours are much helped 
 by a £choolnia[ier, and by good Peter the caiechill, one of the nioft 
 eloquent men among the Six Nations. 
 
 /. R. has communicated this to the Theological Mifcellany. 
 
 '4^. ^ '- 
 
 
At TH ty 
 
 3uls. Fight agatnft 
 )efcts you, and be- 
 reatiires ; and above 
 i Jefiis Chrift, and 
 
 come to die, your 
 to be with the Lord 
 
 the faints in glory ; 
 )ugh JefusChriltour 
 
 ■-^^ap r<,^^w^^ 
 
 ■laWMtM.. -JUHJ 
 
 [ X. 
 
 tland, for propagating 
 ^ay 1786 to May 1787. 
 noida Indians Auguft 
 icreafed, and continued 
 t feventy in three vil- 
 In one of thefe villages 
 ad pungent, and a fenfe 
 punifliment. In ano- 
 nixed with enthufiafin. 
 e there hath not been 
 ths. On Lord's Days 
 onfiderable intermilTion 
 mand leifure for necef- 
 ds ten hours ih preach- 
 on with the Tiany who 
 uls, and to alk inltruc- • 
 ad of life, permits not 
 hey have enjoyed much 
 rkably fo on January i, 
 dians difcovering their 
 viting the Chrillians to 
 )t a iufficieiit number 
 nd, to whoift they af- 
 s confpired to murder 
 the great care of fome 
 en Sachems difapproved 
 e of the youths expref- 
 jology. Thefe appcar- 
 Onondaga tribes. Mr. 
 laborious, was never fo 
 lid Brainerd, there has 
 Vlr Kirkland is tranfiat- 
 is, into the Onoida lan- 
 bours are much helped 
 lechirt, one of the nioft 
 
 logical Mifcellany. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS 
 
 *^'' 
 
 ON THE 
 
 LANGUAGE 
 
 ■■" •'^^ "- ■ ■•_ O'P T H^ 
 
 MUHHEKANEEW INDIANS ; 
 
 IN WHICH 
 
 ft 
 
 A 
 
 The extent, of that LANGUAGE in NORTH- AME- 
 RICA IS SHE,\yK ; ITS GENIUS is grammaticallv 
 traced; some of its PECULIARITIES, and some 
 
 ■ INSTANCES OF ANALOGY between that and the 
 HEBREW ARE pointed out. . ', . ' 
 
 ' CSMMVNICATX9 T,0 THl ' 
 
 Conne^icut Society of Arts and Sciences, 
 
 And PUBLISHED at the request of the SOCIETY. 
 
 Bv JONATHAN ^EDWARDS, D. D. 
 
 PASTOR or A CHURCH in NEW-HAVEN, anc MEMBER or the 
 '4 CONNECTICUT SOCIETY or ARTS and SCIENCES. 
 
 I JTEW-MAVEN, puiNTED by JOSIAH MEIGS, 1787J 
 
 f LONDON REFKINTED BY W. J U S T I N S, 
 
 Shoemaker-Row, Blackfriaes. 
 
 M,D c clxxxviii. 
 
 
 '•H 
 
 K 
 
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 I 
 
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 4 
 
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 W'i 
 
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 '^iM» I 
 
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 ■/'. 
 
 ^^ a Meeting of the Conne(aicut' Society of 
 Arts and Sciences, held by adjournment in 
 the City of New-Haven, on the z^d Day of 
 OSiober, A. D, 1787. r| -i /i^' " 
 
 np H E Rev. Doftor Edwards communicated to 
 -■' the Society a Diflertation on tlie Indian Lan- 
 guage, with Obfervations on its Analogy to the 
 Hebrew, and was defired to lodge the fame witii 
 the Secretary to be publiflied, , , , 
 
 . • A true Popy of Record, 
 • CHAUNCEY GOODRICH, Rec. Sec. 
 
 ■■ \i 
 
 i.:! 
 
 I ^ 
 
 1 * 
 
 
. i iy iii . ■ ,» 
 
 ""^"^f^T^ 
 
 * ii 
 
 jociety of 
 rnincnt in 
 id Day of 
 
 nr 
 
 iinicated to 
 idian Lan- 
 gy to the 
 fame with 
 
 >rcl. 
 
 r, Rec. Sec. 
 
 
 '«• H» * >.•*• H 
 
 »vn5 »^,-4t 
 
 PREFACE.' 
 
 :'t5'. ^-itVhk $ Sli'W^V 
 
 1. , 
 
 "Ssfej 
 
 'in HAT the following Obfervationa may obtain credlr, 
 -■• // may be proper to mform the Reader^ ivith ■zvhat 
 advantages they have been made. ■ "• --" - 
 
 Pf^hen I was but fix years of age, my father removeH 
 with his family to Stockbridge, which at that time 
 was inhabited by Indians almofl /olely, as there were ih 
 the town but tzvelve families of whites, or Jngh-Anu- 
 ricans, and perhaps one hundred and fifty families of 
 Indians. The Indians being the nearefl neighbours^ I 
 conflantly afociated with them; their boys were m) 
 daily fchool-mates and play- fellozvs. Out of my father*'s 
 houfc, I feldom heard any language /poken, beftde the 
 Indian. By thefe means I acquired the knozvledge of 
 that language, and a great facility in fpeaking it : ii 
 became more familiar to me than my mother tongue. I 
 knew the names of fame things in Indian, which I did 
 not know in Englijh: even all -my thoughts ran in In^ 
 dian ; and though the true pronunciation of the languao-e 
 is extremely difficult to all but themfelves, they acknozv- 
 ledged that I had acquired it perfeBly ; which, as they • 
 [aid, never had been acquired before by any Anglo-Ame- 
 rican. On account of this acquifition, as well as on 
 
 account 
 
 ■d!*'' 
 
 0^ 
 
 
 il.: 
 
 I, 
 
 •li 
 
 I 
 
 S;i 
 
 fii 
 
 
 — jjp" I "" f 'i -I""""''"- 
 
 ^r' 
 
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r'T 
 
 l. -* 
 
 ii: 
 
 H 
 
 
 !l 
 
 
 t\' 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 tff<;o«Hf o/»iy7Ji// in their language in general, 1 received 
 ■from them many compliments, applauding my fuperior 
 wifdom. This JkiU in their language, I have in a good 
 mtafufe retained to this day. 
 
 After J had drawn up thife Obfirvations, kjl there 
 Jhould befme mipkes in them, I carried them to Stock- 
 bridge, and read them to Capt, Toghum, a principal 
 Indian of the tribe, who is well verfed in his own 
 language, and tolerably informed concerning the EngUJbr, 
 and I availed my/elf of his remarks and correams- 
 
 From thefefaSls, the Reader wllform his own opinion 
 cftha truth and accuracy of what is now offered him. 
 
 Wk^tt J was in my tenth year, »{)' M''' P^ '"^ 
 among the Six Nations, •with a deftgn that I Jlmld learn 
 their language, and thus become qualified to be a mif- 
 Laryimong them; but on account of the war with 
 France, which then exiM I continued mong them but 
 Sout fix months, therefore th( knowledge which I acj 
 Mired of that language was but imperfea ; and at this 
 time I retain fo little of it, that I will not hazard any 
 particular critical remarks on it. I my obferve, horn- 
 ever that though the wprds of the two languages are 
 totally different, 'yet their firuBure is in fome refpeas, 
 an^gous, particularly in the ufe of prefixes andfufi^s. 
 
 OB- 
 
 % 
 
 » 
 
 '^^•ii^w 
 
 ^^^^pfgigm^ 
 
teral, 1 received 
 fc my fuperior 
 I have in a good 
 
 itions, kfi there 
 them to Stockr 
 w, a principal 
 fed in his own 
 ing the Englijh. ; 
 correSiioifS. 
 n hii own opinion 
 t offered him. 
 I father fent «f 
 ^at I flmld learn 
 fied to be a niif- 
 of the war ivith 
 i 4mong them but 
 edge which I ac^ 
 •fe£l i and at this 
 ill not hazard any 
 }iay obferve, how- 
 two languages are 
 is in fome refpeSl\ 
 fixefi andfuffisp,^ 
 
 OB- 
 
 >0mmmm 
 
 Ol^SERVATIONS, &c. ; 
 
 Jhr^riE language) which is now the fubjeA of obferva* 
 I tion, is that of the MuhhekaneeWt or Stockbridge 
 Indians. They, as well as the tribe at New London, are, 
 by the Anglo-Americans, called Mehe^am, which is a 
 corruption of Mubhekaneeu)*, in the hngular, or Muh- 
 Maneok in the plural. This language is fpoken by all 
 tl)e Indians throughout New England. Every tribe, as 
 that of Stockbridge, of f armington, of New London, &c. 
 ^as a different dialed; but the language is radically the 
 fame. Mr. Elliot's tranflation of the iJible is in a particular 
 diale(5l of this language. The diale£l followed in thefe 
 oblervatioris, is that of Stockbridge. This language ap- 
 pears to be much more extPiifive than any ether language 
 in North-America. The languages qi the Oelawares, ia 
 Pennfylvania ; of the Penobfcots, bordering on Nova- 
 Scotia; of the Indians of St. Francis, ia Cauda; of the 
 Shawanefe, on the Ohio ; and of the Chippewaus, at the 
 wedward of Lake Huron, are all radically the faipe with 
 the Mohegan. The Htme is (aid concerning the languages 
 «f the Ottowaus, Namicooks, Munfees, Menomonees, 
 Meflifaugas, Saukies, Ottagaumies, Killiftinoes, Nipegons, 
 Algonkins, Wjnnebagocs, &c. That the languages of the 
 leveral tribes in New-England, of the Delawares, and 
 of Mr. Elliot's Bible, are radically the fame with the 
 Mohegan, I aiTert from my own knowledge. What L 
 affert concerning the language of the Penobfcots, I I^ive 
 from a gentleman in Mailachufett;, who has been much 
 converfant among the Indians. That the languages of 
 the Shawanefe and Chippewaus is radically the Time with 
 the Mohegan, I /ball endeavour to 0iew. My authorities 
 
 * Wh^'ever iu occurs in an Indian word, it It » mere confonant, 
 as in <vmkt vnr14, &c. 
 
 for 
 
 ^i\ 
 
 t 
 
 H " "■ 
 
 ■■■rlfcr>-.i 
 
.'^^^ir-mr- 
 
 • .»;H .-^l.,■••4^ <o:»«-<»- 
 
 fl ■ 
 
 t 
 
 6 OBSERVATIONS on the LANdUAGE 
 
 for what I fay of the languages of the other nations are, 
 Captain 2«?A«w, before mentioned, and Carver's Travels. 
 
 To illuitrate the analogy between the Afchegan, the 
 Shawanee^ and the Chlppeivau languages, I fhall exhibit 
 a fliort lift of words of thofe three hinguages. For the 
 lift of Mohegan words, I inyfelf ain accountable: That of 
 the Shawauee words, was communicated to me by Genera* 
 Parfons, who has had opportunity to make a partial voca- 
 bulary of that language. For the words of the Chippewau 
 language, 1 am dqiendent on Carver's Travels. 
 
 A bear 
 
 A beaver • - 
 Eye - - - 
 Ear - - - 
 
 Fetch - - - 
 "My grandfather 
 . My grandmother 
 My grandchild 
 He goes - - 
 A girl - - 
 Houl'e 
 He (that man) 
 
 Alohcgan, 
 
 Mquoh 
 Amifque* - - 
 Hkeeique - 
 Towolique - 
 Pautoh - - 
 Nemoghhome I 
 Nohhum 
 Naughees - 
 Pumiflbo 
 Peefquaufoo 
 Weekumuhm ■ 
 Uwoli - 
 
 His head - 
 
 His heart 
 Hair - - 
 Her huft>and 
 His teeth - 
 ' I thank you 
 My uncle 
 I - - - 
 
 Thou - - 
 .We - - 
 
 Ye - - 
 
 Water 
 •Elder fifter 
 , River - - 
 
 . Weenfis 
 
 . Utoh - - 
 
 - Weghaxikun 
 
 - Waughecheh 
 
 - Wepeeton - 
 
 - Wneeweh - 
 Nfees 
 
 - Neah 
 
 - Keah - - 
 
 - Neaunuh 
 
 -■ Keauwuh - 
 
 - Nhey .. - 
 
 - Nmees - ■ 
 
 - Sepoo - 
 
 Shawanee. 
 
 Mauquah 
 
 Amaquah 
 
 Skeelacoo 
 
 Towacah 
 
 Peatoloo 
 
 Nemafompethao 
 
 Nocumthau 
 
 Noofthethau 
 
 Pomthalo 
 
 Squauthnuthan 
 
 Weecuah 
 
 Welah 
 
 iWeefeh (I ima- 
 gine mifpeltj ior 
 wcenleh.) • 
 Otaheh 
 Welathoh 
 Wafecheh 
 Wepeetalec 
 Neauweh 
 Neefeethau 
 Nelah 
 Kclah 
 Nelauweh 
 Kelauweh 
 Nippee 
 Nemeethau 
 Thepee 
 
 which I write, ex- 
 
 br. 
 
 
 * f final is -never founded in uny Indisin word, 
 cent nionofyllablei. .,..,... 
 
 X gb in aay Indian word, has the ftrong guttural found, which is 
 given by the Scott t« the £une letters in the words tcugbt eimgb. Sec. 
 
 The 
 
 in 
 hi 
 til 
 th 
 ol 
 
 frj 
 
 in 
 
 Ti 
 
 ^ 
 
 *^. 
 
 : -mr .itmnitiS^ 
 
iUAGE 
 
 ler nations are, 
 rver''s Travels. 
 : Mohegarty the 
 
 I fhall exhibit 
 jages. For the 
 iital)ie : Tliat of 
 
 me by General 
 e a partial voca- 
 )f the Chippewau 
 tels. 
 
 Shawanee. 
 
 luquah 
 laquah 
 ^iacoo 
 wacah 
 atoloo 
 
 imafompethan 
 (cumthau 
 lofthethau 
 mthalo 
 uauthnuthan 
 eecuah 
 elah 
 
 VVeefeh (I ima- 
 gine mifpelt} ior 
 wcenleh.) 
 taheh 
 elathoh 
 afecheh 
 'epeetalee 
 eauweh 
 eeleethau 
 elah 
 elah 
 
 feiauweh 
 elauweh 
 iippee 
 lemeethau 
 'hepee 
 
 1, which I write, ex- 
 
 tural found, which is' 
 :ds tcugb, enutgb, &c. 
 
 The 
 
 mmmm"''^^ iun»^ 
 
 OF tRE MUHHEKANEEW INDIANS. 7 
 
 The following is a fpecimen of analogy between the 
 Mohegaii and Chippewau languages. 
 
 Engli/h, Mohegan. 
 
 A bear - . Mquoh - - 
 l\ heaver - - Ainilque - 
 'i'o (lie ( I die) Nip - - - 
 Dead (he is dead) Nboo or Nepoo 
 
 Devil - - \ Mtandou, or 
 
 ( Mannito J; 
 Drcfs the kettle 1 „ 
 
 (make a fire) J ^ootouwah ^ 
 His eyes - - tjkeefquan - ■ 
 Fire - - - Stauw - - . 
 Ciive it liim - Meenuh - 
 Afpirit(afpeare)Mannito - 
 How - - - Tuneh§ - - 
 Houfe . . Weekumuhm - 
 An impoftor(he 
 
 } 
 
 is an impoftor 
 or bad man) 
 Go - - . 
 Marry 
 
 Good for nought Mtit 
 
 Mtiflbo 
 
 Pumifleh 
 Weeween 
 
 River 
 Shoe - 
 The fun 
 Sit down 
 Water 
 Where 
 Winter 
 Wood 
 
 Sepoo - 
 MkifTin - 
 Keefogh 
 Mattipeh 
 Nbey - 
 Tehah - 
 Hpoon - 
 Metooque 
 
 Chippetuau, 
 
 Mackwah 
 Amik 
 Nip 
 Neepoo 
 
 Man i to a 
 
 Poutwah 
 
 Wifkinkhie 
 
 Scutta 
 
 Millaw 
 
 Manitou 
 
 Tawne 
 
 Wigwaum 
 
 Mawlawtiflio 
 
 Pimmouffie 
 
 Weewin 
 
 Malatat 
 
 Sippim 
 
 Maukiffin . 
 
 Kiffis 
 
 Mintipin 
 
 Nebbi 
 
 Tah 
 
 Pepoua 
 
 Mittic 
 
 Almoft every man who writes Indian words, fpells them 
 In a peculiar manner: and I dare fay, if the fame perfon 
 had taken down all the words above, from the mouVhs of 
 the Indians, he would have fpelt them more alike, and 
 the comcidcnce would have appeared more ftriking. Moft 
 ot thofe who write and print Indian words, ufe the lettw a 
 
 • The firft fyllable fcarcely founded. 
 frirfSl. "^ **^ **^^' ^°"^^ property figni«ei a fpeftre, or any thing 
 
 lnT«Z!i« '"h.ft°Jt''^' •'>»""*■** '<VS found of the EngUOi » a. 
 ^u Jt * ^"', *''* *°H'"* °f " "» *«''• Aough much protrafted. 
 The other vowels ate to be pronounced, artn pniHfli. y™"*"'*"* 
 
 <. 
 
 I- 
 
 . -""N 
 
 
 % 
 

 
 
 ,:i 
 
 
 
 
 
 _, 
 
 1 i 
 
 if 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 \ 
 
 • 
 
 
 f'' 
 
 / 
 
 I OBSERVATIONS on the LANGUAGE 
 
 where the found is that of <>h or j«. Hence the ren.kr 
 
 (•-.me IS nronoiinceil hy the Indians ot the ditterent inocs. 
 It is not o be fuppoled. that the like co.nc.dence .s ex- 
 tended "o an the words of thofe bn^uages. Very many 
 wo c s are ^tally different. Still the .uja ogy - / "J -« - 
 fufficient to fhew, that they are mere dialed, of the lau.c 
 
 "^^Sild S^oughout, give words of the lame fignlfl. 
 cation in the three languages, as the two vocabularies, 
 from wl ch I extraaed the ^hai^mu and a;/>^m«« words, 
 Sid no" contain words of the fame fignification, excepting 
 
 "^ ^Te M^tXWich is the lanpage of th^^^^^^^ 
 
 is entirely diflerent from that of the Mohegans. 1 he e 
 
 lahials. 1 ftull heie give the numerals, as far as ten, .^^^^ 
 the Pa/^r JV»/?#r, in both languages. 
 
 Mohegan. 
 
 Ngwittoh 
 
 Neeioh 
 
 t<oghhoh 
 
 "Nauwoh 
 
 Kunon 
 
 Kgwittus 
 
 Tupouvvus 
 
 Ghufooh 
 
 Kaunceweh 
 
 Mtannit 
 
 I 
 
 Mohauk, 
 
 Ulkot 
 
 Tegeeneh 
 
 Ohs 
 
 Kialeh 
 
 Wifk 
 
 Yoiyok 
 
 Chautok 
 
 Sottago 
 
 Teuhtoh 
 
 Wialeh 
 
 I 
 
 The Pater Ncfter in the- Mohegan language, is as fol- 
 
 ^'^ Nochnuh, ne fpunVmuck oieon, taugh mauweh wnch 
 wtSauk'neann'e an.>uwoieon. Taugh --"^\"",^: 
 nmmun wawehtufeek maweh noh pummeh. Ne an- 
 Steech mauweh awauneek noh hkey o.echeek,^ne 
 
GE 
 
 ce the ren«kr 
 woids above, 
 corierpoiiJeiil 
 Afauquah. ' 
 i» exadtly the 
 ffereiit tribes, 
 icitlence is ex- 
 Very many 
 ;y is fuch iw is 
 Is of the fame 
 
 e fame fignifi- 
 I vocabularies, 
 ppewait words, 
 icMi, excepting 
 
 icSix Nations, 
 egans. There 
 ic of thefe Ult- 
 1 there is of a 
 ingUfti. Oiuj 
 auk is perhaps 
 hat it is wholly 
 1 abounds with 
 far as ten, m\<X 
 
 ■=rr^' 
 
 I 
 
 rgnage, is as 
 
 fol- 
 
 I mauweh wneh 
 1 ne aunchuwu- 
 imeh'. Ne an- 
 !y oiecheek, ne 
 aunchuwu- 
 
 I 
 
 OK TH. MUHHEKANEEW INDIANS. f: 
 
 aunchuwutammun, ne aunoihitleet neek fpummuk 6ie- 
 d "ek Mencnau.\uh noonooh wuhkamauk tquogh nuh 
 livotamauk ngummauwch. Ohc|UUtamouwenaunuh 
 "u eh mumachoieaukeh, ne anneh °W-*-°"r '^^"^^ 
 numpeh neck mumacheh annehoquaukeck. t-hcen hquuk 
 nuiucheh fiukeh .innehenafenuh. Pannt-eweh htou\\enaa 
 Xnee^ maBmtehkeh. Keah ngwehcheh kw.ouwauweh 
 mauweh noh pummeh; ktanwoi ; eAah awaun wtmno.yu- 
 win ne au..oi'eyon ; lunweeweh ne kt.nnoieen. Amen. 
 
 The Pater Kofter, in the language of the S.x Nations* 
 taken from Smith's Hiftory of New- York, is this : 
 
 Soungwauneha caurounkyawga tehfeetaroan fauhfon- 
 •evoufta efa fawaneyou okettauhlela ehneauwoung na cau^ 
 ^unkvawga nughwonihauga neatcwehnefalauga t..ug- 
 rraltoronoantoughfick to*ntaugweleewhevouftau.M5 
 Sieeyeut chaquataulehwheyouAaunna to-gh^ou taug- 
 wauffa?eneh ta^autottenaugaloughtoungga nafawnc la- 
 StLgwafscoantehfalehaunzaickaw ela fawauneyou efa 
 • rXutzfa efa foungwafoung chenneauhaungwa ; auwen. 
 
 The reader will obferve, that there is not a fingle Libia!, 
 •either in the numerals, or Pater Nofter of th.s language ; 
 ^,d that when they come to amen, from au averhon to 
 fliutting the lips, they change the m to w, 
 
 I , no part ot thefe l.-mguages do«s there appear to be a 
 greater coincidence, than In this fpecimen. I have never 
 noticed one word in either of them, which has any analogy 
 to the correfpondenl word in the other language. 
 
 Concerning the Mohegan langaage, it is obfervable, 
 
 that there is no diverfity of gender, either in no"ns or 
 
 - pronouns. The very fame words exprefs Aynd/.,A^« 
 
 and her. Hence, when the Mohegans fpeak Engh h, thry 
 
 cenerally in this refpea follow flriaiy the.r own idiom : a 
 
 mm will fay concerning his wife, he >i, he gone away, &c. 
 
 With regard to cofcs, they have but one variation from 
 
 the nominative, whiJh is formed by tlie .iddmon of the 
 
 . fvllable an as wnechuny his child, ivnechunan. This varied 
 
 cafe feems to fuit indifFerently any cafe, except the nomi- 
 
 ""^The* plural is formed by adding a Fetter or fyllable to 
 the fingular; as nemaunauw, a man; nemannuuky men; , 
 
 ^'Wfe:^:rnS;:rfty XuiA. n. natura^ 
 relations of men to each other, than we do, or perhaps any- 
 other nation. They have one word to exprefs an e der 
 brother, nttohtsn-, another to exprefs a younger brotj>ei, 
 
f 
 
 1 • - 
 
 , :l 
 
 , s -' 
 
 ^'i 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 ) 
 
 <»■ 
 
 i! 
 
 
 *o OBSERVATIONS on th« LANGUAOt 
 
 n^hcfum. One to cxprcfs an clJer Hfter, nmaP\ anotlier 
 to i-xprefs a younger fifter, nghetfum. But the word fof 
 younger brother, and younger filter is the fame.— AT^/r. 
 IS n.y uncle by my mother** fide ; nuch^h^iut, is my uncle 
 by the father's lidc. ' 
 
 The Mohegans have no adjf^ftives in all their lanKuace • 
 unit-Is vve reckon numerals and fuch words as «//,;;,«,,.; 
 «cc. adjcflives. Of adjeflivcs, which exprefs the quaiitiei 
 ot fubllances, 1 do not find that they have any: they 
 exprels thole qtnlities by verbs, neuter; as wnufooy he is 
 beautiful; mujjoo, he is homely ; pehlunquiJToo, lie is tall ; 
 nfconmoo, he is malicious, &c. Thus in Latin, many quali- 
 ties are expreffed by verbs neuter, as valeo, caleo, frigeo. 
 &c.— Although it may at firlt feem not only fmcula? 
 and curious, but impoffible, that a language fliouldexift 
 wrthout adjedlives, yet it is an indubitable fa«. Nor 
 Uo they feem to luffer any inconvenience by it. Thev 
 as readily exprofs any quality by a neuter verb, as we do 
 by an adieftive. 
 
 If it fliould be enquired, how it appears that the words 
 above mentioned are not adjedives : I anfwer, it appe.irs 
 as they have all the fame variations and declenfions of 
 other verbs. To walk, will be acknowledged to be a verb. 
 This verb )s declined thus; npumfihy I walk; kpumfeh, thou 
 walkefj; pumiffho, he walketh; npum/chr.uh, we walk; 
 kpumfehmuhy ye walk ; pumifeouk, they walk. In the fame 
 mamier are the -words in queftion declined; npebtubqui/Teh, 
 i am tn\l ; kpebtuhmiijeht thou art tall; pehtuhaulhoo, ho 
 18 tall ; npehtuhquifehnuh, we are tall ; kpebtubquifehmuh, 
 ye are tall ; pebiubqtfefoouk, they tire taU. 
 
 Though the Mohegans have no proper adjeiftives, they 
 have participles to all their verbs : as pebtubquljreet, the 
 man who is tall; taumfiet, the man who viaWsiwaunfecu 
 the man who is beautiful ; oieei, the man who lives, or 
 dwells in a place; oioteet, the man who fights. So in the 
 plural, pebtubquijeecbeek, the tall men ; paumfeecbeek, thev 
 who walk, &c. r j > j 
 
 It is obferCable of the participles of this language, that 
 they are declined through the perfons and numbers, in 
 the fame manner as verbs : thus, paumfe-uby I walking; 
 paumfe-an, thou walking ; paum/etr, he walking ; paumfeauk, 
 we walking; paumfeauqucy ye walking; paum/ecbeek, they 
 walking. o r J } J 
 
 They have no relative correfjponding to our who, or 
 
 _ '^ " '' . •'*'', " which. 
 
 4 
 
 "^"•uto^* 
 
ff, another 
 le word fof 
 
 IS my uncle 
 
 I" language ; 
 i at/, many, 
 he qmiliticj 
 a 11^ : they 
 lij/oo, he is 
 he is tall ; 
 nany quali- 
 eo, frigeo, 
 y fingular 
 hould exift 
 a<S. Nor 
 it. They 
 , as vre do 
 
 the words 
 it appe.its 
 lenfions of 
 be a verb. 
 m/eh, thou 
 we walk ; 
 1 the fame 
 ^tuhquijfehy 
 luijoo, ho 
 julffihmuhf 
 
 ves, they 
 tijpei, the 
 
 waunjectf 
 • lives, or 
 
 So in the 
 heek, they 
 
 lage, that 
 nbers, in 
 walking; 
 <aumfeauky 
 'eek, they 
 
 who, or 
 which. 
 
 1 
 
 ..«{»:• 
 
 or TMt Ml "HEKANE W INDIANS. ii 
 
 which. Inftead of thr mutH whu walks, they fay, the walk* 
 ing man, or tlio walker. 
 
 Ai they have no adje«Stives, of courfe they have no com- 
 l>:iri(nn of adjectives ; yet th'*y are put to no dilliculty to 
 eit|trefs the comparative excellence or baltncls of any two 
 things. With a neuter • irii cxprcflive of the ipiality, 
 ihey life an adverh to poi' • out the degree: as annu'juccivib 
 wHiJJ'oo, he is more l-uiutiful; kahnuh wnijjho, he is very 
 beautiful. Ntmanutiuweo, he is a man ; unnuwtcwch ne- 
 mamiauwoo, he i. a man of fupcrior excellence or cour.npe ; 
 kahnuh nemamiiauwoo, he it a man ot extraordinary ck- 
 cellence or courage. 
 
 liefides the pronouns common in other languages, th«'y 
 exprel's the pronouns, both fubftantive and ndicdlive» !>/ 
 affixci, or by letters or fyllables added at the beginnings, 
 or ends, or both, of their nouns, in this particular, the 
 ftrudture of tiie language coincides with that of the He- 
 brew, in an inftance in which the Hebrew diii'urs from all 
 the languages of Europe, antient or modern. However, 
 the ufe of the affixed pronouns in the Mohegan language,., 
 is not perfeiSily fimilar to tlie ul'e of them in the Heluew, 
 As in the Hebrew they are joined to the ends of words 
 only, but in the Mohegan, they are fometimes joined to 
 the ends, fometimes to the beginnings, and ibmetimcs to 
 both. Thus, tmohhtcan, is a hatchet or ax ; ndumhccan, 
 is my hatchet ; ktumhccan, thy hatchet ; utumhccan, his 
 hatchet; nJumhecannuh, our hatchet; ktumhtcanoowuh, your 
 hatchet ; utumhecannnewuh, their hatchet. It is obferv- 
 able, that the pronouns for the Hngular number are pre- 
 fixed, and for the plural, the prefixed pronouns for the 
 rmgular being retaii.ed, there are others added as luffixes. 
 
 it is fuither to be obferved, that, by the increale of the 
 word, the^owels are changed and trantpofed ; as tmohecan, 
 ndumhecan; the o is changed into u and tranfpofed, in a 
 manner ar.alogous to what is often done in the Hebrew. 
 The t is changed into d, cuphonla gratia, 
 
 A confiderable part of the appellatives are never ufed 
 without a pronoun affixed. The Mohegans can fay, my 
 father, nogh ; thy father, kogh^ &cc. &c. but they cannot 
 fay abfolutely father. There is no fuch word in all their 
 language. If you were to fay ogh, which the word would 
 be, if ftripped of all affixes, you would makera Mohegan 
 both ftare and fmiJe. 'I'he (ame obfervation is applicable 
 to mtthcr, brsthcrfftjlcr, font b*^) hand, foot f isfc. in ilnort, 
 
 to 
 
 .fHS0^ 
 
 . m 
 
 ix^,. 
 
 ii«>- 
 
! 1 
 
 It 
 
 4' 
 
 It ^ OBSERVATIONS on thi LANOUAUK 
 
 to thofe things in general which neceflarily in thtir natlitat 
 Hate belong to loine lurloii. A h.itchet is lonietinuf* 
 toiina without an owtirr, and t»' icfoie tliry rometime* 
 have occafioii to fpcik ot it nhlol tdv, or without reter- 
 inir it to an owmr. Hut as a haiel, hand, *tc. naturallv 
 belong to lomt' peilviii, and they have no occafion to «peak 
 vl them without referring to the perion to whom they 
 belong; lb they have no wonU to txprets them ahlolutcly. 
 This I nrdume is n peculiarity in which tlits language 
 aiftcrs from all languages, which have ever yet come to 
 the knowledge of the learned world. , r n- t 
 
 The pronouns are in like manner prefixed and IviHixeU 
 to verbs. The Mohegans never ufe a verb in the infinitive 
 mood, or 'without a nominative or agent; and never ule 
 a verb tranfitive without exprefling l)oth the agent and 
 the obieft, correfpon.Jent to the nominative and acculativo 
 cafes in Latin. Thus they can neither fay, to love, nor 
 1 love, thou glvefly &c. Hut they can fay, / lovt thcc, thou 
 give/l him, %.c. vi/.. Kduhwhunuw, I love him or her; 
 nduhwhuntammin, 1 love \r, ', ktuhwhunin I >«ve thee; 
 ktiihwhunoohmuh, I love you, (in the plur.d) nduhwhumnk, 
 I love them. This, 1 think, is another peculiarity ot U>i* 
 
 language. . \ c 
 
 Another peculiarity is, that the nominative and accufa- 
 tive pronouns prefixed and fuffixed, are always uled, eyru 
 thouch other nominatives and accufatives be expreUed. 
 Thus they cannot fay, John loves P:tcri they always lay, 
 John he loves him Peter; John udtthwhunuw Peitran. Hence 
 When the Indians begin to talk tnglifh, they univerfally 
 exurefs themfelves according to this idiom. 
 
 It is further obfcrvable, that the pronoun in the accu- 
 fative cafe is fometimes in the fame inAance cxpreiied by 
 both a prefix and a fuffix ; as kthuwhuiun, 1 love thee. 
 The k prefixed, and the fyllable /», fuffixed, both unite to 
 exprels, and are both neceffary to exprels th« acculative 
 
 cafe thee. ^ . ,, , , 
 
 They have no verb fubftantive in M the language ; 
 therefore they cannot fay, he is a man, he is a cctvard, 
 &c. They exprefs the fame by one worJ, which is a verb 
 nfuter, viz. nemannauwoo, he is a man. Kcmannawu.; is the 
 noun fubftantive, man : that turned into a verb neuter «t 
 the third perfon fingular, becomes nemannauwoo, as in 
 Latin, it is faid, pacor, gracatur, &c. Thus they turn 
 any fubftantive whatever into a verb neuter ; kmattannij- 
 ' fauteuh, 
 
 .# 
 
 ^■:%"4:^ 
 
 j^rr.-" 
 
 '.'*■• ,-*#*»"i«f*«?*' 
 
01^ 
 
 \l 
 
 nor 
 
 THf MUnUKKANEF.W INDIANS. if 
 
 fauteuh, vou arc a coward, from matanfauuty a coward : 
 kpc^qujujooch, you are a girl, from ptef^/uayjoo, a g.rl . 
 ^\V-ncc alio wt. lee the rfajon, why tl.cy uv. no vciS 
 lul.nantivc. As they have no iuljeftivcs, ami as they turn 
 their iuhllaiu.vcH into vcrhs ou any occ.iGon, they hava 
 no ule lor the lubllantive or auxihary vc.h. 
 
 Tlie third perfon fingular fecms to ht; the radix, or 
 ,uoft Innplc form of the Icve.al pcrlons of their verbs .n 
 the indicative moo.l : hut the lecond pcrfon fingular of the 
 inoperative, fccms to he the moll fimple ot any of the 
 forms of their verbs : as mte'fth, cat thou ; meel/oo, he 
 catcth ; nmcctfcby 1 eat ; kmtc0, thou eatcl . He. 
 
 They have a paft and future tenfe to their verbs; but 
 often, if not generally, they ufe the (orm of the prefent 
 tenle, to exprels both paft and future events. As wnuk- 
 l^oh ndiotuLhpoh, yefterday I fought ; or t^""*"""'* 
 mliotuwh, yellerday 1 figlu ; ndiotufxauch wupkoh, I Ihall 
 Hcht to-mor;ow; or wupkaiich ndtotutvoh, to-morrow* i 
 fieht. In this laft cafe, the variation of wupkeh to wui- 
 kauch, sienotes the future tenfe ; and this variation is in the 
 word lo-morrowt not in the verb fight. , 
 
 n'hi,y have very few prepofitions, and thofe are rarely 
 nfp I, but in compofition. Jnneh, is to; ocheh,\iUom. 
 Jiut to, from, &c. are almoft always exprefled by an 
 alteration of ilie verb. Thus, ndoghpeh, is I ride, and 
 fVnoghquttookokc, is Stockbridge. But if I would fay m 
 Indian, / ride to Stockbridge, I muft fay, not anneh iVnogh- 
 tiuetoikoke tidojrhpeh, but IVmghquetookoke ndtnntteghpth. 
 If I would lay, / ride from Stockbridge, it muft be, not 
 ochch fVnoghquctoukoke ndoghpth ; but f'f' neghquetookoke nocht- 
 mhpeb. Thus ndinnoghoh is, I walk to a place ; netoghob, 
 I walk from a place ; ndittnehnuhy I run to a place ; «•- 
 chehnuh, I run from a place.. And any verb may be com- 
 pounded, with the prepofitions, anneh and ochtb to and 
 
 from. f i- u 
 
 It has been faid, that favages have no parts ot fpeech 
 befides the fubftantive and the verb. This is not true 
 concerning the Mohegans, nor concerning any other tnbe 
 of Indians, of whole language I have any knowledge. "I he 
 Mohegans have ali the eight parts of fpeech, to be found 
 ill other languages, though prepofitions are lo rarely ufcd, 
 
 • The circumftance that they have no verb fnbftantiTe, accounts 
 for their not ufing that verb, when they fpeak EngUto. They fay, 
 I man, IJick, &c. 
 
 except 
 
 t 
 
 ;^£ -< V 
 
 _»^ ^iS^^^-^-mKom^ 
 
 ^^. 
 
J- 
 
 hi 
 
 U OBSERVATIONS on the LANGUAGE 
 
 except in compofitioti, that I once determined that pnrt 
 of fpeech to be wanting. It has been faid alfo, that fava-es • 
 never abflraa, and have no al)ftraa terms, which w7th 
 regard to the Mohegans, is another miftake. They have 
 uhwhumlovjukon, love; fckcaiu>icicii.'hkiiH, hatred; nfcon- 
 moix'ukon, malice; peyuh'.ommauvjukon, reliiMon, &c. I 
 riouht not, hut that there is in this language the full pro- 
 portion of abftraa, to concrete terms, which is commonly 
 to !)f found in other languages. 
 
 Befules wh.it has been ohferved concerning prefixes imd 
 fufExes, there is a remarkable an.alogy, between Vome 
 wares in the Mohegan language, and the correfnondent 
 words m the Hebrew. In Mohegan, Neah, is I • the 
 Hebretv of which is Jni, Kcah, is thou or thee '• the 
 Hebrews ule ka, the fuffix. Uwoh, is this man, or this 
 thing : very analogous to tiie Hebrew hu or hua. ipfe. 
 I^taunuh, is we : in the Hehrew nachnu and anachnu. 
 
 In Hebrew, k/, is the fuffix tor me, or the firft j^erfon ; 
 In the Mohegan, « or ne is prefixed, to denote the firft 
 perlon; :\% nmeetfch ox nemeetfeh, I eat. \n Hebrew, k or 
 ka IS the fuffix for the fecond perfon, .ind is indifferently 
 either a pronoun fuhllantive or adieftive : k or ka has the 
 lame ufe in the Mohegan language ; as knwifeh, or ha- 
 tncctfch^ thou eatefl; knij/i, thy hand. In fiehrew, the 
 r<3«, the letter « and hu, are the fuffixes for he or him; ' 
 In Mohegan, the fame is exprefled by u or uw, and bv oo : 
 as nduhwhunuw, I love him ; pumlffho, he Avalketh. 'The 
 inffix, to exprefs oar or us in Hebrew, is ««; in Mohegan, 
 the fuffix, of the fame fignification, hnuh; as novhnnh, 
 our father ; nmcctfehniib, we eat, &c. 
 
 How far the ufe of prefixes and fuffixes, together with 
 tliefe inftances of ailalogy, ^nd perhaps other inltances, 
 which may he traced out by thofe who have more leifure, 
 go towards proving, that the North American Indians are 
 of Hehrew, or at lead Afiatic extiaftion, is fubmitted to 
 the judgment of the learned. The h€ts are demonftrahle: 
 concerning the proper inferences, every one will judge for 
 himfelf. In the modern Armenian language, the pronouns 
 are affixed*. How far affixes are in ufe among the other 
 modern Afiatics, 1 have not had opportunity to obtain 
 information. It is to he defired, that thofe who are in- 
 formed, would communicate to the public what informa- 
 tiQU they may poffefs, relating to this matter. Perhaps, 
 
 * Vide Schroderi tliefaurum Linguse Arinenicce.. 
 
 by 
 
 'i;i^h ' -. 
 
 ^ 
 
 A 
 
E 
 
 that pnrt 
 ut favages 
 hich With 
 rhey Iiave 
 i I nfcon- 
 , &c. I 
 ; full pro- 
 ORimonly 
 
 sfixes And 
 sen fome 
 ^Iponrlent 
 s I : the 
 hew : the 
 I, or this 
 i«fl, ipfe, 
 
 tM. 
 
 t jrerfon ; 
 : the firft 
 w, i or 
 fferently 
 a has the 
 , or ia~ 
 ■evv, the 
 '■ oc him. 
 t1 hv 00 : 
 h. 'The 
 [ohegan,. 
 noohnuhy 
 
 ler with 
 irtances, 
 : leifure, 
 lians are 
 lifted to 
 iftrable: 
 udge for 
 ronotins 
 le other 
 
 obtain 
 
 are in- 
 iforma- 
 'erhaps, 
 
 by 
 
 s».. 
 
 OF THE MUHHEKANEEW INDIANS.. ij 
 
 by fuch communication, and by a comparilbn of the 
 languages of the North- American Indians, with the 
 languages of Afia, it may appear, not only from what 
 quarter of the world, but from what particular nations, 
 thefe Indians are derived. 
 
 It is to be wiftied, that every one who makes a voca- 
 bulary of any Indian language, would be careful to notice 
 the prefixes and fuffixes, and to diftinguifli accordingly. 
 One man may afk an Indian, what he calls hand in his 
 Linguage, holding out hi^ own hand to him: The Indian 
 will naturally aniwer, Lii/i, i. e. thy hand. Another man 
 will afk the fame queftion, pointing to the Indian's hand. 
 In this cale, he will as naturally anfwer, nnijk, my hand. 
 Another may alk the fame queftion, pointing to the hand 
 of a third pel fon. In this cafe, the anfwer will naturally 
 be umfk, his hand. This would make a very confideral)le 
 liverfity in the correfponding words of different voca- 
 oularies; when, S due attention were rendered to the 
 perfonal prefixes and fuffixes, the words would be the' 
 verjr fame, or much more fimilar. 
 
 The like attention to the moods and perfonal affixes of 
 the verbs is neceffary. If you aflc an Indian how he ex- 
 prelles m his language, to go, or walk ; and to illuflrate 
 your meaning, point to a perfon who is walking; he will 
 tell you pumi//bo, he walks. If to make him underftand, 
 you walk yourfelf, his anfwer will be, ipumfih, thou 
 walkeft. If you illuftrate your meaning by pointing to, 
 the walk of the Indian, the anfwer will be, npum/eh, I 
 walk. It he take you to mean go or wait, in the im- 
 perative mood, he will aniwer pumifehy walk thou. 
 
 ■.,i ' 
 
 APPEN- 
 
 n 
 
 ^ 
 

 •»* 
 
 if 
 
 *' #• 
 
 <:^ 
 
 • A P P K N D I X. ^ 
 
 As the following ANF.CDOTE is well authenticated, and ftana* 
 recommended V .wa.tlefs fnnplicity. it may not be unacceptable 
 to the Reader to tiiid it inlcrted in this vacant page, 
 
 CONVERSATION betwebn "^"J;,.^ aI; '^''* ^ '* '' ■ 
 
 AND PAGEY. AN INDIAN. 
 
 Pa^eh Doyouknowanyting, Sir.of JefusChriftf > r, 
 
 S''''ob;eiwfor°;verJefus Chrift, he make white man know 
 h>m;h?maSe poor Indian kyow him blefTed forcer, A-aen. 
 
 Mwifler. How did you hnd Jelus Chnftt 
 
 Paet^: I JW fi"dee hitn, he findee me. 
 
 Minitfr Wliere did he find you ? , , _ . , 
 
 ?L'"^ ''l wTs a work in my h'eld a hoeing my corn -"^ den I t.nk 
 1 hear (bmeting fay Faq^J ' Ah. I look but I fee normg. So I ftoop 4 
 \ „n ,a^n and 1 hoe »iy corn, and I tink I hear lomcting iay Pam! 
 i ';^^ouf what a you r,y /irut I fee noting, and I feel cold on niy head. 
 I ^o^Thrgh hill and Lk round hut I fee "otmg. den I t.nk I hear 
 J o" "y »'b p„„j,vi I rrv out what a vou iay ? and I tinK ne 
 
 !-rS'nfeK' ;;« W w- o'^gTv^ea you dlt cor/? I fay no, and 
 l?Av e^us^luift cave a you dat corn ; I fali on my face on a ground, 
 ani I lry?"y. ^vK^'"!^ ' belied Jefus give poor Sunken Indian 
 
 l^n '^Z^^^yllt^'^'trcr^^^^ rouaw. and b^lelled 
 
 5"a,s hear me. and my poor fquaw never get drunk any n>ore. O 
 ileffed for ever Jcfus Chrilt. Amen.^ . ^. ^ .^^. ^.^ ^^—_i„^,y f 
 
 ;vho i;beft.;ouorVourbrJther deacon. 1 '"y - ''^^^'^J^S^'^muJ 
 a dS/'J^ee"/;; God:;nd but ;ne- Q-od; Al a n.y blelTed 
 y^s.'r^'lfep.PageyJ.^.uk^^^^^^^ 
 tr;;er.^d:Lrw'Ka\rand&?>ewater-b.i;theyarealU«.w3- 
 
 ter— I lump up— I have 3, I have a. 
 
 Communicated by the Rev. Mr. M of America to Dr. M--- 
 
 »nd from him to J.R. 
 
 Lately tubliJhcJ, price Thre. Shilling., or Three Shdhngsand Si:cpe,tce, 
 The SECOND EDITION of 
 
 A SELECTION 
 
 FioM Tilt BEST AUTHORS, 
 
 ' ■ ' ~ Intrndidtole an 
 
 APPENDIX to Dr. WATTS's PSALMS and HYMNS. 
 By JOHN RIP PON, A.M. 
 
 ScM by Boc«tAND.DlLLV,andL«r*«n. London, B^o..:, .tBriftdi «J 
 
 by BiNNs, M Leeds. 
 
 OF HYMNS, 
 
 /^ 
 
 ""■^Hlo "ft -■"'"' 
 
 4 
 

 I 
 
 1, and ftan«l» 
 unacceptable 
 
 M, -, 
 
 te man know 
 nteu. 
 
 ind den I tink 
 So I ftoop'4 
 ing iay PageyJ 
 Id on my head. 
 \ I tlnk I l»e;>r 
 and I tink he 
 I fay no ; and 
 c on a ground^ 
 runken Indian 
 
 hpift tell a me 
 urn (his hoiilis 
 drunk. I take 
 ny hand to beat 
 fus Chrift a beat 
 down my tick 
 aw, and bleUed 
 any more. O 
 
 ame— Pagey ! 
 ;ft, Jefus Chrift 
 cW a me I muft 
 11 a my blefTed 
 id yoii know dc 
 :now de rain be 
 y are all one wa- 
 
 to Dr. M—— 
 
 'J and Sixpence, 
 
 Y M N S, 
 
 ,d HYMNS, 
 
 N, at Briftolj an J 
 
 ^* 
 
 ^(k. 
 
y