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MKROCOrV (HOIUTION TBT CHAIT 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2) 
 
 1^ y^ 
 
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DOMINION OF CANADA 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 SEED BRANCH 
 GEO. H. CLARK, Seed CommiMioner 
 
 C^ 
 
 THE SEED SUPPLY, 1912 
 
 IX 
 
 MANITOBA. SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 
 
 SPECIAL BULLETIN 
 
 coMPii.i;!) in 
 E. D. EDDY, B.S.A. 
 
 From lieportu of Snil Inspectors. 
 
 Printed hy direction of Honourable MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agriculture 
 OTTAWA, JANUARY, 1912 
 
 16675—1 
 
 631.531 
 .C212sn 
 
 1912 
 
DOMINION OF CANADA 
 
 DEPARTMENT Ut AQRICULTyRE 
 
 SEED BRANCH 
 
 OTTAWA, CANADA 
 
 GEO. H. ("LAKK - - - . S(T<1 Cominission.r iiii.l OHicial Sml Analyst. 
 K.D.EDDY.B.S.A. - - - (hi.-f d.-rk ami Sml luspettor, Ottawa. 
 GEO. MICHAUD - ~ - Assistant Seed A luhvt, Ottawa. 
 ALFRED EASTHAM, U.S.A. Assistant Soo.l Analyst, Caljrary. 
 
 - - F(i<l(lor Plant SjKTialist. 
 
 Dr. M. (>. MALTE 
 
 DISTR.CT OFFICERS AND SEED INSPECTORS 
 
 lU'gina, for Alberta, Saskatchewan ami Manitoba 
 
 Manitoba, 
 Ottawa, for Ontario. 
 
 F. H. KEED, B.S.A. - . 
 T. G. RAYNOR, B.S.A. 
 
 J. C. rOTE Ottawa, for Quebec. 
 
 S. J. M(JORE Tniro, for Maritime Provinces 
 
Ottawa, January 21), 1912. 
 
 To the Honourable Martin ItuKKELi., 
 Minister of Agriculture. 
 
 Sir:— In accordance with your instructions, an inv(-tinat ion into the condi- 
 tion of seed supply tor the cereal crop of lfll2 within the Prairie Provinces was 
 commenced durinK the month of October. 
 
 Mr. F. H. Reed, chief inupcctor of seeds, Reginu, Sa^k., was given direct 
 charge of the investigation. Associated with him in t he province of Alberta wor«« 
 Messrs. Alfred Eastham, B.S.A., of the Seed Rram ii staff at Calgary, and J. (L 
 Clark, Irma, Alta.; in Saskatchewan, A. E. Wilson, Indian Head, Sask., and A. P. 
 Crisp, Moosomin, Sask.; and in Manitoba F. W. Roliinson, Winnipeg, Man. . 
 
 Our experience has been that in a year following severe uutunm frosts in 
 localities widely distributed throughout the Prairie Provinces, considerable areas 
 of the ( real crop are apt to be unsatisfactory or almost a failure, because of the 
 unwitting use among farmers (especially among the more recent settlers) of seed 
 oats, barley and even wheat the vitality of which has been seriou.sly injured or 
 destroyed. 
 
 The main imrpose of the investigation then was educational. The seed 
 inspectors were instructed to visit all districts in which the crop had been damaged 
 by frost. They visited immerous farmers and obtained samjiles of the best . aver- 
 age and damaged grain and flax, and an estimate of the seed sujiply within th(> 
 district that each sample might reasonably he taken to represent. When expe- 
 dient, a meeting of the farmers and business men of the listrict was called and 
 the observations c' the iu-'^pector pertaining to the <vvd supplv within tli(> 
 district were presented. They were warned ol the danger to the new settlers 
 and to the communHy from sowing frosted grain, and advised how best, bv organ- 
 '"''"""'"""'■■ ' -fiort, to avert crop failure. ' ' 
 
 ized as well as 
 
 Reports • r ations made by the insj)ectors were received at this 
 
 office from wet together with samples for germination test. They 
 
 contammuchv. mfor- aion, not only about the seed supply but as to 
 
 l)ractices and methods of cr;. ping that have contributed toward making the 
 condition worse on some farms than might reasonably have l)een expected. The 
 reports have been carefully summarized by my assistant, Mr. E. D. Eddy, B.S.A. 
 The information contained therein is important to the farmers in the provinces 
 of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. I recommend that it be printed for 
 general distribution. 
 
 < H)ediently yours. 
 
 GEO. H. CLARK, 
 
 Seed Commissioner- 
 
 16675— 1 J 
 
THE SEED SUPPLY, 1912 
 
 IN 
 
 MANITOBA. SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 
 
 When the (iHinuKtxK frocts (iccurriMl in the I'rairii- Pmvinci's last autumn 
 invent JKut ion wan Mart »'(! to ascertain the extent to which the cro)» had lieen injured 
 for seed purjKises and to discover wfiicli districts, if any, would require .-.eecl 
 from outside ])oints and wlu-re good seed could he <<l)tained. Insju-ctors were 
 employed to cover the country as thoroughly as possible and get first hand infor- 
 mation on the condition of the crop, and over a thousaml samples from widely 
 scattered districts were collected direct from farmers and hy the inspectors »nd 
 havi' heen tested for Kcrniination at the Ottawa an " Calvary seed la')oratories. 
 
 '■'he nejieral conclusion from the insix'ctors' reports and the r<'rmination 
 tests is that while the damaR(> throu|{h Dist, frost or hoth has heen almost univer- 
 sal throURh the Prairie Provinces, there are very few old settletl districts where 
 sufficien* seed for local re(iuirements is not available. The most serious situation 
 is in the new sections where tlu' settlers have had complete croj) failure and are 
 without seed or the means of ohtainiuK it. In many cases the si t tiers continued 
 breaking so long that their croj) was very late in being seeded, with the result 
 that it was completely ruined by fro-i. .\ssistance will have- to be given in 
 great many of the new districts or tic land will remaii\ idle next year. The 
 demand for seed is made nu)re urgent in the new localities a.-^ large areas were 
 broki'u and j>repare(l for crop last season by settlers who will require to 
 buy all their seed. I.ate seeding contributed to cro)) failure in numy of the oUUt 
 <listricts. In the flux )iroducing area good yields of fairly good (piality were 
 obtained from early sown cro])s but the late see<U'd flax was largely a failure. 
 The same apjilies in the oat growing districts of Saskatchewan. In almost all 
 districts crops of fair (piality seem to have been obtained where the cro]) was 
 seeded in good condition and early. 
 
 Hesults of the iiis])ectors' investigations and the germination tests are given 
 in the f«illowing r( ports on the provinces and federal electoral districts. 
 
 MANITOBA 
 
 Manitol)a is the oldest settled of the Prairie Provinces and has sulTered 
 least injury from frost. There ari- many individuals who vill require seed, l>ut 
 even in the newest districts there is sufficient good whe.'it to meet local re<|uire- 
 nients, and, with few excejitions, the supply of .seed oats and barley within the 
 locality will be am])le. The amoinit of good seed available in Manitoba for out- 
 side districts is greatly reduced by the fact that most of tlie high class grain has 
 already been marketed. A large i)ro])ortion of that which remains i.s too badly 
 contaminatetl with noxious weed seeds to be fit for seed. 
 
Ill ilu- Miiithfrn and (■••iitral jmrt of tin- proviiiri', incltiiliiiK IViiVftHlwr, 
 Li^Kur, Hoiirix, HrHiiiloii, i'oiinK*' Ih i'rairif ami the Mmthrrn partR of MacilunaUl 
 anil MarcpH'tti' lonKtitncniirK, tluri- will In- ph-nly of fairly good wed wheat, oaU 
 anil Imrli-y, ultlii>u(£li tin' yield and grade of wlieat has In-en ronMiderahly 
 lowered l>y ruMt injury. Snnie front danuige i^ ilso re|)orted at a few loeul pointn, 
 and in the soutliem part oi the jmivinee the out irop i-oiHeially wan hadly injured 
 liy dry weather early in theM-ahonanilKonieMedmay l>erei|uired. In the northern 
 part of the Muidoiuiid d>>«triit, ax reprexenteil by Oak I"oint, there iw a Kinall 
 pro))iir»ion of the land hrokeii aid very little urain han lieen urown for the market. 
 What grain was produeed last year in of good ijuality and there will prohaMy I'e 
 plenty of good wed wheat. The proi'n<'lioii of roarne grains is not snffirieiit to 
 meet local demands for fe.d as mixed farn -u;; i: largely followeii. Seed oats 
 will lie re<|uired and ]>rol>al>ly a little seed hailey. In the northern part of 
 Alarquette, represented hy Koblin and district, a large proportion of the erop 
 was badly frosted, but there will probably be sultiiient seed of all kimls as the 
 grain grown on the higher land eseapetl serious injury and some seed has been 
 earrii'd over from last year. Several samples of both oats and wheat from 
 different parts of the provinee, representing a large projjortion of the crop, have 
 given sntisfai'tory gernuiiation tests. 
 
 Selkirk Electoral DUtrict 
 
 III Selkirk distriet tiiere has been no injury from frost suffieient to damage 
 the grain for seed, but eoiisiderable seed oats and barley will be nquired. North 
 of Wimiijieg, through Stonewall and Balmoral districts, mixed farming i)revail» 
 largely and considerable stock is ke|)t. The crops were jiut in early and have 
 been harvested without serious injury. The wheat grades mostly No. 2 and 
 No. .'{ Northern and there will be pU-nty for seed. Theoats and barley will all be 
 ritjuired for local use and more will need to be broug'it in, both for feed anil seed. 
 It is estimated that the Halmoral district alone will require about lO.tMM) bushels 
 of sei il oats. .\t Ti ulon there will be sufficient .seed of all kinds. North of that 
 point the honiesteuders are practicully all ( lalicians ami very little grain is grown. 
 A small aiiKiuiit of seed may be reipiired. 
 
 Dauphin Electoral District 
 
 ■il.M.MAin 
 
 •II.IS OK (.KHMI.NA IIilN IKSIS. 
 
 Kiihl oi t :r:iin. 
 
 \,.. Xo. 
 
 Nuinticr .\><T!iui' MaxiiiMiiii ' Miniiiiiiin Sunipli-s ' .Sjiinplos 
 of Suiiipli .< ', ', ', nirininutini: «<>'"> >>"">i>4 
 
 ii'-tcti. k'rrtiiiiiatt'il. t'fi-iiiiiiitti'il. i;i-riiiina(i><l. (Ml' i .W , 
 
 anti tiliDVf. and hrlow. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 0>t» :i 
 
 Wti.Ht in 
 
 Hailcy 1 
 
 Flaj U 
 
 as 
 ino 
 
 77 
 
 (IS 
 
 71 
 
 !i:i 
 
 3 
 Hi 
 
 I 
 
 .1 
 
 Dai'iihin is the most seriously affected disti ;t in Manitoba and some locali- 
 ties will re<iuire seed from outside ])oints. In the southern part of the consti- 
 tuency, re))resented by Plumas, there will be sufficient goml seed for loi'al require- 
 
u 
 
 inentx unl(^ m largiT atvn in M-viiiMi to imrlf.v, in which ram' w<tl l»i»rl««y will In- 
 requiretl. At MiCrfory, thirty niiln) north of Plunmf, thf wheat ii« nuflicient. 
 KarU'y ami oat» an- a ••mall irtip ami mhmI will llkriy Ih> rfq'iirr<l. Flax covtTed 
 « small area but was wrll savnl. At Dauphin oiily ahout ten per cent of the 
 TUttin," wai» donr when the lu-avy front eame on AuKUiit 25tn. The wheat 
 marketed up to the miihlle of l)i«eeml»er gratteii about 25'?^ No. 2. 35% No. 3, and 
 Ihelialaiu-e No. 4 or lower. There will be no wanity of ^i-etl w\ \t. Theiwtiiare 
 prac'tirally all froien and wed will l»e required. Of the barley marketed, about 
 tea i»er rent grade^i No. '.i and the rettt No. 4, Feed and Kejeetetl. Heed will be 
 required. The area uniler flax in small and that which wan late miwn in bajlly 
 fro?*te«i and Home of it was never cut. The early wiwn gave a good yield and wa/« 
 ii.;:vp!«ted without nerioUK injury. The acreage next year may la- increased in 
 which case wed will be re<|uired. In the Swan Hiver District the Hcamm waH very 
 late and vet. ('oii«ideral)le grain wan uncut because the ground wsm too wet to 
 carry u binder. About W ', of the wheat wan uncut when the bad frosts came 
 but enough wa» xuved on the higher land to provide plenty of wecl. Oats and 
 barley were bailly frown and need will Im' required. In the Boxeman di<ttrict, 
 ■eleven milt's north of Swan River, the land is lighter and higher and a g'.,o<l crc > 
 •of oats w;'- harvested. This district will probably l)e able to supply Swan River, 
 la the set lion tributary to the railroad, southwest of wan River, aliout 90% 
 •of the total crop was badly frwted and on the low lands the ground waa too wet 
 to carry the binder, but on the lighter land, especially around Thunder Hill, some 
 cutting was ilone before the middle of August and a gooil sample of grain wa* cut. 
 At Durban the wheat gratU- iitwtly No. 5 anil No. 6. The oats and barley were 
 badly frodted but consideri '" quantitieii of oats have been carried over from 
 I'JIO which will |)erhai>s meev seed requirements. Some seed barley will bt' 
 required. In the northeastern part of the district, oast of Lake Manitoba, the 
 land is very newly settled and a small propt)rtion is under cultivation. There 
 has been comparatively little damage from frost and in most localitieo sufhctent 
 wheat has been produced for seetl requirements. Mixed farming and dairying 
 are followed largely and most of the coante grain produo-d is fed, some of it 
 untlire»he<l. Both oats and barley will be ri'(iuired for seed. 
 
 SASKATCHEWAN 
 
 There has bc:M» seriou.-" injury to the grain throughout the province of Saj-kat- 
 •.•hc«an from frost antl rust and in some localities from hail, but in pructica!l> 
 • all of the older settled districts there will be sufficient good seed available for 
 local requirements. In the newer districts of the western part of the province 
 •especially, many of the settlers have had two unfavorable seasons in succession 
 and arc now without secil or money with which to buy it. Tnless assistance is 
 given many settlers will be wit lumt seed next spring and large areas of land will 
 remain idle. In the southeu>! corner of the province as much damage to the 
 vluat crop was done by rust as by frost and the grading is very low. Through 
 <t!ie riax i)ruducing urea, along the Soo and .Areola iir . specially, about one-half 
 the crop is comi)letely ruined and not worth tl>" Cu. .^ or thresliing ond a very 
 liirge proiKjrtion of tiie flax that has been threshed grades only Rejected or ("on- 
 deniiitd. Much of the crop is still under snow and its value for seed is very 
 questionable. In tiic new districts north and south from the (".P.R. main line, 
 west froin Moose Jaw, new settlers continued breaking until late, with the result 
 that their crop was seede«l very late and is almost useless for ^eed. The same 
 applies to the large district tributary to the (".P.R. Wetaskiwin line and CJrand 
 Trunk Pacific from the western borders of the j)rovince to within 40 or 50 miles 
 •of Saskatoon. The damage along the C'.N.R. from Battleford west has also been 
 
\VT\ •iviTf, ami NM'il will lio rt'(|uirrd at nunw puintN. In thi- older wttUd dixtricUt 
 furtliiT taHt, till- H<>( <1 xitpply " °U Im> !<-tflu-ii>nt ami largi' (luatititioM of guod xrcd 
 oat» arc iivailahic in thf large lat-growing itcctiona around HaltcuatR and Yurk- 
 ton. 
 
 Aaainiboia Electoral Diatrir< 
 
 
 Kl MM.VUY RESILTS OF 
 
 OERMINA' 
 
 rioN lEW 
 
 Ift. 
 
 
 Kiiia 
 
 1 
 
 NuiuLir 
 tif (irHiii. of .'^iiiiiplfi 
 
 lli'lliiinitlitl 
 
 Mniiiiiuni. 
 
 "r 
 
 Kcrmiiwlml 
 
 Miniiiiuiii 
 (rrnilnitK'i! 
 
 i 
 
 No. No. 
 
 .'4MII.pl>"> Sllllipiv 
 
 Kcriiiiiiniini Ki-riiiinatinic 
 ■n iiifirr. anil l<n». 
 
 Out 
 
 34 
 
 M 4 
 
 100 
 
 41 
 
 31 
 
 I 
 
 Whoiit 
 
 n 
 
 MA 
 
 too 
 
 M 
 
 ' 72 
 
 1 
 
 BurUy 
 
 H 
 
 IMS 
 
 too 
 
 M 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 n» 
 
 ... I« 
 
 M3 
 
 M 
 
 W 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 
 In tl»e territory trilmtury to the (M'.H. line from Wcylmrn to Kntcvan and 
 from K.-<t<'\ an eiiKt to (iainshoro there will Ixi nuftieient «eed wheat and oats at 
 nearly ull points bi'» xome flax may he required. Around Ectcvan al>out 16% 
 of the wheat grades No. 3 or better, hut about 80% of the oats grade i-'eed. The 
 district ^^houhl have suflieient seed of fair quidity for looal use but none for outside 
 points. In the Frobisher diHtriet, about 'M) mWen ea«t, in aiUlition to the frost 
 injury u considerable area was hailed. There will be sufficient seed wheat but 
 some oats may be required. By the middle of December only about ten per cent 
 of ihe Hax was thre.'^hed ami it was estimated that about 80% of the crop would 
 not be .orth thret hinij. Anmnd Oxbow the wheat is of higher grade than at nny 
 other point between Lstevan and the eastern provincial botindary and there will 
 be plenty of go<jd seed. The oats sufTered through early drought and ire of very 
 p<M)r quality. Seed will probably be required. A la., proportion < he lax is 
 not worth threshing and the bidk of that which is threshed grades R .*d. In 
 the (aniduff distri.t there will be sufficient seed wheat \w\ alsc enty of 
 good seed oats and some to spare. There is very little flex iirmvr, At Caricvale 
 cast of ("arnduff c"nditioi;s are not quite so good, but at ' insboro, near the 
 boundary line, the sit\mtion is nnich the same es at Cam*) 'T ^'rom Estevan 
 to Weyburn, along the Soo line, there will be | • ' y uf seed n at and oats but 
 flax will probably be needed as the crop is pr ally ruiueu over large areas. 
 Land which was seeded to flax early in May gave a good yield of high quality seed 
 but the bulk of the crop was ]>ut in in June and was seriously damaged or com- 
 pletely ruined. At Macoun the elevators expected to ship at least 70 cars of flax 
 but up to the middle of December they had handled <mly one. At Halbrite 
 nearly all the flax grades Rejected with some Condemned. In the Weyburn dis- 
 trict from one-quarter to one-third of the land under cultivation was ceded to 
 flax and about 50% of this will not pay for threshing. It is estimated that about 
 fiv< per cent of that which is threshed will grade No. 1 Manitoba, 45% Rejected 
 and 40% ('ondemned. Along the Areola line, from Fillmore to the Manitoba and 
 boundary, more damage was done to the wheat by rust than frost. In the district 
 of C'lolilen West, about 15 miles north of Stoughton, there is a section where the 
 wheat was not worth cutting oii account of rust injury. The flax along this line 
 whidi was seeded aft'i- June 1st is batlly frozen and in so e cases will not pay 
 
8 
 
 expenses of thre.jhing. Through the Fillmore and Stoughton distriits there 
 will be sufficient wheat anil oats for seed requirements. At Areola comlitions are 
 better in regard to wheat but the oats are not so good althotigh there will probably 
 l)e sufficient for seed. Nearly all the flax in this district is not worth threshing. 
 .\t Carlyle there is a small area under oats as the land is largely seeded to flax and 
 most of the crop is ruined. From Manor east to the Manitoba boundary condi- 
 tions are about similar. In the northeastern corner of the constituency served 
 by the Reston-Wolsely and the C.N.R. lines there will be sufficient good'seed for 
 local requirements, although the injury is severe. 
 
 Regina Electoral District. 
 
 SIMMARY KKSl LIS OF GKRMINATION TKST.s 
 
 Kind of Criiin. 
 
 Number 
 of Samplfs 
 
 tl-:.tlMl. 
 
 Av«*niKo 
 t^iTiiiinatt-tl 
 
 Maxiniuiii 
 (SiTiiiiniitiil 
 
 Miniiiiuitt 
 tf(>i-iiiimtl('(l 
 
 Oatj- 
 
 ' 1 ■ 
 
 12 
 
 '.« 4 
 
 US 
 
 ' 
 
 \-2 
 
 Wheat 
 
 :w 
 
 !!.■) 1 
 
 IIH) 
 
 
 SS 
 
 I-Ux 
 
 15 
 
 'J2 
 
 m 
 
 
 70 
 
 No. No. 
 
 Samples Sample?' 
 
 mriiiinatinK Kerniinating 
 
 HO" ; r,tr , 
 
 anil more. un<l les>i. 
 
 1-.' 
 .IS 
 l.i 
 
 In the southern part of the Retriiia <listriit, tlirougli the flax producing area, 
 there has been widespread and serious daniajiie. .\s in the flax-i)ro(luein>!: part 
 of Assiniboia, a large part of the crop was not -ieeded until .June, with the result 
 that it is largely a failure. Thousands of acres have never i)een cut. Al>()ut.50% 
 of the crop is not worth threshing and a very large proportion of that which 
 has been or will be threshed will not grade higher than Condemned or Rejected. 
 .\ large i)roportion of t he flax was not threshed when the snow, which was followed 
 by a thaw, came, and its germination qualities are therefore micertain and very 
 (piestionabie. In this section the injury to the wheat ami oats has not been 
 sufficiently sev( re tu cause a serious scarcity of seed unless it is in the very new 
 districts when the area unchr croi) is small, .\long the Forward branch riinning 
 west from Weyburn .50 miles, the injury is not so severe to the flax crop as along 
 the Soo line, as a larger proportion of it was jnit in earlier. Not nuich oats 
 are grown on this branch, hardly sufficient to supply the local demand. The 
 district is very new and as a large area is i)repare<l for crop next year seed from 
 outside points will jirobably be required. At Ogema, the end of the operated 
 l)art of the line, about .")0'^; of the crop was threshed by the end of December, 
 (^uite a large proportion of the flax graded Manitol)i» and a little Northwestern, 
 the balance Rejected and Condenmed. M Yellowgrass, northwest of Weyburn 
 on the Soo line, about .i.i'x of the flax was cither not cut or will not jjay expenses 
 tif threshing. The yield of that which will be threshed is about eight bushels per 
 acre; ~^^'/^ will grade Rejected or Condemned. In the Lang and Milestone dis- 
 tricts about ()0^(, (){ the flax is not worth threshing and thousands of acres have 
 never been cut. Flax occupies about one-third the acreage in these districts. 
 Inthe\\ilcoxdistrictabout809( of the land cropped was seeded to flax last year 
 ancl 50''f of thi.^ is not cut or will not be threshed and a large percentage of that 
 which was threshed barely pays expenses. Further north ii. the Drinkwater 
 flistrict, conditions arc better; probably not more than 40*;^ of the flax will not bt; 
 thresh«"d and i)erhaps 40Vc of that which will be threshed will grade Manitoba 
 
or Northwostern. AlotiR the C.P.R. main line and in tho northern part of the 
 constituency served by tiie Regina-Prince Albert line there has been considerable 
 frost damage but there are no tlistricts where there will not be sufficient seed avail- 
 able locally. 
 
 Moose Jaw Electoral District. 
 
 SUMMAHY RESULTS OF GERMINATION TESTS. 
 
 Kind of Gruin. 
 
 Number 
 
 uf Samples 
 
 tcated. 
 
 1 
 
 Average 
 germinated. 
 
 Maximum 
 germinated. 
 
 Minimum, 
 germinated. 
 
 No. No. 
 
 Samples Samples 
 
 germinating germinating 
 
 809i SO^i 
 
 and more. and leu. 
 
 <1at(! 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 1 80 
 ^ 96-5 
 i 49 
 j 91.. 
 
 99 
 100 
 49 
 98 
 
 S3 
 84 
 
 6 
 
 W>i(>at 
 
 1 
 17 
 
 Barley 
 
 
 1 
 
 Flax 
 
 77 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 In the Moose Jaw district, the older settled country along the C.P.R. main 
 line, conditions are very good for the season. The land is higher and earlier than 
 in most parts of the province and almost all the farmers have sufficient seed of 
 good quality. In the newly settled districts, north and south of the main line, 
 «;onditions are very serious and demand relief or the country will suffer next 
 season through large areas not being seeded. La.st spring new settlers were 
 anxious to get in as much crop as possible and kept at the breaking until seeding 
 was very late. Flax promised to be a good price and many seeded that crop only 
 and seeded it vpry late. The result is that there are thousands of acres through 
 the new districts where there is no crop worth cutting. Many of these men have 
 spent their last dollar ami must be supplied with seed or let their land remain 
 idle. South from Moose Jaw city conditions are very similar. Hundreds of 
 farmers went in these new districts from Moose Jaw last spring and many of 
 them have not a bushel of seed or a dollar with which to buy it. North of the 
 city, along the Outlook branch, is one ot the most favored districts in t lie provitice 
 this reason and there is an abundance of good clean s 'cd available in the district. 
 In the extreme northc-n part of the constituency served by the C.N.R. Saskatoon- 
 Calgary line, .here has been serious injurj- and some assistance may be required. 
 In the Netherhill and Brock district, 75% of the wlieat shipped has graded Feed 
 with very little better than No. 6. In the northern part of the district practic- 
 ally all grades Feed. About 60% of the total crop grown was flax, and while 
 there is some very good flax being held tor seed the bulk of it is badly damaged. 
 Large areas sown on late spring breaking were never cut. A considerable pro- 
 portion of the oat.^ were cut early antl will make fair seed. This is a very new 
 tlistrict and some of the settlers have no .seed nor the means of getting it. Further 
 west, at Kindersley, conditions are more favorable. The wheat grades higher 
 and the flax is also considerably better; that which was sown in good time gave 
 a gootl yield and is suitable for seed. A considerable proportion of the oats were 
 cut before frost ami are fair quality. Some of the new settlers will need assistance 
 in procuring seetl although there is probal)ly sufficient available within the dis- 
 trict. 
 
 16675—2 
 
10 
 
 Qu'Appelle Electoral District. 
 
 SUMMARY RESULTS OF GERMINATION TESTS. 
 
 Kind of Cnin. 
 
 Nuiab<>r 1 Average 
 of Samples % 
 tested, genninated. 
 
 1 
 
 genninated. 
 
 Minimum, 
 germinated. 
 
 No. 
 
 Samples 
 
 germinating 
 
 60% 
 and more. 
 
 No. 
 
 Samples 
 
 germinating 
 
 50% 
 and leas. 
 
 Oats 
 
 WhfHI 
 
 39 
 
 68 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 SS-5 
 no 2 
 76 2 
 86 
 
 W 
 100 
 
 te 
 
 »6 
 
 34 
 S9 
 46 
 70 
 
 37 
 
 67 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 Barlcv 
 
 2 
 
 Flai 
 
 
 
 
 
 In the Qu'Appelle district more damage has been done to the wheat by rust 
 than by frost and in some parts it is so serious that the farmers will have to sow 
 Feed wheat or buy seed from outside points. Along the C.P.R. main line there 
 has been considerable injury by both rust and frost but there will be sufficient 
 good grain for seed within easy reach of all points, and in some districts there is 
 enough good seed to supply other districts. At Indian Head and Sintaluta 
 there wa.s more damage by rust than by frost. About ten per cent of the wheat 
 grades No. 4, 30*^^ No. 5 and the balance No. 6 and Feed. Oats yielded well. 
 These districts have sufficient seed of fairly good quality for local purposes. 
 Further cast, at Wolseley and Summerberry, conditions are much better. A 
 considerable proportion of the wheat grades No. 3 and higher and about one- 
 half of the oats grade No. 2 or No. 3 white. There will be plenty of good seed of 
 all kinds for local needs and some for other districts. In the Grenfell district 
 about ten percent of the wheat grades No. 3 or higher and about 75% of the oats 
 grade No. 1 Feed. Some of the oats germinate better than might be expected 
 and there should be sufficient oats as weH as wheat for seed. Further east, at 
 Whitewood, wheat grades practically the same as at Grenfell but the oats are 
 of poor quality and show considerable damage from frost although some germinat- 
 ed fairly well. Along the Reston-Wolseley branch there has been very severe 
 injury at some points and seed will be required. At Kennedy most of the flax 
 was under snow in December and a large proportion of it will not pay for thresh- 
 ing. There will probably be .sufficient wheat and oats for seed. At Windthorst, 
 further north, conditions are worse. The best flax yields about six buslicls per 
 acri' and grades Rpjectetl. A large proportion of the wheat grades No. 6 and 
 Feed and much of this will have to be used for seed unless some assistance is 
 givin. iMirther north, at Kaiser, the land is higher and the quality of the grain 
 is better, but beyond this point, in the Baring district, conditions are much worse 
 and assistance will be required. Through rust and frost damage 90% of the 
 wheat grades Feed. Oats are a fair crop and about .'50% grade Extra Feed with 
 the balance Feed. This most seriously affected district extends to the southern 
 boundary of the constituency and westward to a little beyond where the Areola 
 line crosses the boundary between Qu'Appelle and Assiniboia districts. The 
 area is about 40 miles wide by 30 miles deep, the southern part of it extending into 
 Assiniboia including the Golden West district. In the southwest corner of Qu'- 
 Ajipclle there is sufficient seed grain of fair quality but the flax crop is badly 
 injured. In the Francis district some of the flax seeded early is threshed and 
 will make good seed but in December 80% or 90% of the crop was under snow. 
 
11 
 
 Saltcoats Electoral District. 
 
 SUMMARY RESULTS OF GERMINATION TE.ST8 
 
 Kind of (iruin. 
 
 Number 
 
 of Samples 
 
 teaf:>d. 
 
 Average 
 
 % 
 
 germinated. 
 
 Maximum 
 germinated. 
 
 Minimum, 
 germinated. 
 
 No. 
 
 Samples 
 
 geiminatins 
 
 60^5) 
 and more. 
 
 No. 
 
 Samples 
 germinating 
 
 and less. 
 
 0«t8 
 
 8 
 
 88-5 
 
 94 
 
 69 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Wheat 
 
 11 
 
 831 
 
 100 
 
 86 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Bariey 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 8B 
 
 13 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Flai 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 Crops in most parts of the Saltcoat.s tlistrict have been severely damaged 
 by fros' and at some points seed may be required, but it is available within 
 easy reach and as the farmers are mostly old settlers they are in a position 
 financially to meet the situation. In some sect.ons there is an abundant supply 
 of good seed for outside as well as local requirements. Around Melville from 
 70% to 80% of the wheat grades Feed and over 50% of the oats No 1 Feed 
 A sample of wheat said to represent 80% of the crop in the Melville di.strict ger- 
 minates 88%; and two samples of oats, said to repiesent the average of the crop, 
 germinate over 80%, although the growth is slow and weak. In the north- 
 eastern part of the district, around Churchbridge and Saltcoats, oats are very 
 largely grown, and although there has been considerable injury to the crop 
 there will be plenty of seed and to spare. Samples from these districts, repre- 
 senting a large proportion of the oat crop, have germinated over 80%. Some 
 large farmers in this section make oat growing their main busine^s and put the 
 crop in early, with the result that good seed has been obtained. At Saltcoats 
 about 70% of the acreage under crop is devoted to oats and the balance to wheat 
 and barley. The wheat grade 10% No. 3 Northern or higher, 50% No. 4, 10% 
 No. 5 and the balancee No. G and Feed. There is plenty of fairly good seed. 
 Oats yielded about 50 bushels per acre and grade 25% No. 2 white^ 50% Extra 
 Feed and the balance Feed. A considerable proportion of t'.ic oat crop was cut 
 or ripe before the first frost and there is a larg° quantity of good seed available 
 for outside requirements. Many farmers have several thousand bushels for 
 sale mostly of the standard varieties anil very free from noxious impurities. 
 Along the C. P. R. hne running through the southern part of the constituency 
 there has also been severe damage but there will probably be sufficient seed at 
 most points. OaU from Abernethy, representing a fair proportion of the crop 
 of the district, germinate over 80% and wheat from the district germinates 
 over 90%. 
 
12 
 
 Mackenzie Electoral District. 
 
 SUMMARY RESULTS OF fiEHMINATION TESTS. 
 
 Kimi of (train. 
 
 I I i No. i No. 
 
 Number Avrragc Maiinium '. Minimum, i Samples Samples 
 of Samples ' j 'i, 'i germinating germinating 
 
 testp<l. giTiiiinated. germinated, germinated.! W/c 80% 
 
 and more. ' and leso. 
 
 Oats.. 
 Wheat 
 Barley 
 
 75 
 99 
 
 no 
 
 92 
 99 
 
 g« 
 
 46 
 
 84 
 
 A large part of the Mackenzie distriet is devoted principally to oat growing, 
 and, while the crop has suffered severely from frost and a large percentage of 
 the grain will grade Feed, there will be sufficient seed in most localities. In 
 the southern part of the constituency, around Yorkton, there are many large 
 farmers who make a specialty of growinp oats who put at least part of their crop 
 in early last spring and now have large tiuantities of seed oats for sale. For- 
 tunately these districts are comparatively free from noxious weeds and they will 
 be able to su' plv reasonably clean seed oats. In the Theodore district, 25 miles 
 northwest of Yorkton on the C. P. R. line, about 70% of the acreage under 
 cultivation is devoted to oats, 20% to wheat and the balance to barley and flax. 
 The wheat grades about 20% No. 4 wdth noii- higher. The oats yielded well 
 and grade 5% No. 2 white, 15% Extra Feed and 80% Feed. A large proportion 
 of the oats were badly frosted when in the green stage and are useless for seed 
 but there will probably be enough good grain from the early-seeded crops for 
 seed requirements within the districi. Along the C. N. R. main line the damage 
 has been severe. At Togo about 90% of the crop was frosted. The country 
 is rolling and some of the high land was seeded early to oats and barley, previous 
 to April 15th, and was cut before frost. There will be plenty of seed for the 
 district. Further west, at Kamsaek, the settlers are practically all Galicians 
 and Doukhobors. At least 90% of the crop was frosted; G0% uncut and 30^f 
 in the stooks, wet and swollen. There are a number of farmers in the district 
 who had only a small crop which was seeded early and harvested before frost 
 so that there should be sufficient seed for local needs. In the Canora district 
 about 80% of the land under cultivation is devoted to oats and a very small pro- 
 portion of the crop was cut before frost. The oats marketed up to the middle 
 of December have mostly graded No. 1 Feed. There is very little wheat grown 
 here but it is thought to be sufficient for seed purposes. A short distance west 
 from Canora the land is lighter and the oats were not so severely injured. In 
 the northeastern part of the constituency, around Pelly, the oat production is 
 large and at least 75% of the crop is badly frosted, as is also the barley. On 
 some of the lighter land both oats and barley have been produced which will 
 be good for seed. The situation in this section is relieved by the fact that 
 considerable quantities of good seed have been carried over from 1910 which, 
 ^ ith the good grain produced last year, will be sufficient for seed requirements. 
 
 i 
 
13 
 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Humboldt Electoral District. 
 
 SUMMARY RESULTS OF OERMINATION TESTS. 
 
 Kind of Grain. 
 
 t1tLt». . 
 
 Wheat 
 Barli'} 
 Flai 
 
 Number Average 
 <t SampleA Vc 
 
 tested. tcerminated . 
 
 I 
 
 I No. ! ^ No. 
 Maiimum Minimum. Samples I Samples 
 % "0 geniiinalinggerininatinp 
 
 germinated. geruiinatedJ 60% | SO*! 
 
 : and more. \ and les". 
 
 
 M 
 
 79 
 
 97-2 
 
 " ! 
 
 98 
 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 100 
 55 
 
 
 57 
 
 44 
 »2 
 
 7 
 
 :o 
 
 The northern part of Humboldt district, s^Tvcd by the C. N. R. main hue, 
 is largely an oat-growing country. A large proportion of the crop was not cut 
 until after severe frost and is of low quality and damaged for - d purposes. 
 At nearly all points, however, there arc a number of farmers who m. ■ a specialty 
 of growing oats for seed. These men made a special effort to gel at least part 
 of their crop in early and have a fair sample of seed fo' ' his year. In the Quill 
 Lake district about 70% of the land under crop is dcvoicd to oats. Some large 
 farmers here have several thousand bushels of seed for sale. Considerable 
 of the wheat is a fair sample and it is not anticipated that there will be any 
 
 In the Lauigj-n district on the C. P. R. line, 75 miles 
 
 shortage of seed wheat. 
 
 east of Saskatoon, the wheat grades 25% No. 3 Northern, 10% ^'o. 4, 
 40% No. 5 and the balance No. 6 and Feed. The oats were not a heavy crop 
 and grade about 80% Extra Feed with the balance Feed. About 70% of the 
 acreage is under wheat, the balance oats and flax. The flax grades about 70% 
 Manitoba with the balance Rejected. The district has sufficient seed of all 
 kinds for local use. Further east, at Foam Lake, the acreage is about 25% wheat, 
 65% oats and 10%, flax. Ti.c wheat grades about 3%, No. 2 Northern, 10%, 
 No. 3, 15% No, 4, 20% No. 5 and the balance No. 6 and Feed. The oats grade 
 about 5% No. 2 white, 50% Extra Feed and the balance Feed. About 80% of 
 the flax crop was not worth cutting and 10% of that cut grades Manitoba and 
 the balance Rejected and Condemned. Conditions are very similar for 30 miles 
 east of this point and a considerable distance west. There will be sufficient seed 
 of fair quality for local purposes, (^ats giving satisfactory germination test 
 have been received from Raymore, Elfros, Colonsay, Horse Lake, Kelliher and 
 Beckenham. 
 
 Saskatoon Electoral District. 
 
 SUMMARY RIJSULTS OF GERMINATICN TESTS. 
 
 Kind o( (Irnin. 
 
 Number 
 
 of Samples 
 
 tested. 
 
 .Average 
 
 % 
 germinate 
 
 t 
 Maiimum Minimum, 
 d germinated, gcrniinatcd 
 
 ! \o. No. 
 ' Samples San^ple* 
 germinating ger:ninating 
 
 mi 1 .W-; 
 
 and more. ' antl le.-^:'. 
 
 Oats 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 62 4 
 93-5 
 (W 
 87 
 
 90 ! 
 100 1 
 
 68 ! 
 
 8 
 58 
 
 » 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 :i 
 
 Wheat 
 
 
 
 Barifj- 
 
 Flaj 
 
 
 89 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 
 
14 
 
 Hw♦r():l*^T*'* **^n'l *"^ 'r" /or. derable injury to the crop in SMkatoon 
 dwtrict, there will be plenty of good seed and romt for outsicle dirtricts, and 
 there are few if any points where the local supply will not be sufficier.t. Along 
 the t anadian Northern Railway Regina-Prince Albert line there will be suffi- 
 cient seed of «J1 kmd^ Oats, representing a large proportion of the crop, 
 Imve been tested from Rosthem, Bladworth, Saskatoon and other points, giving 
 satisfactory germination. Around Saskatoon the land is comparatively light and 
 thrtv^hing r,^ n-arly finished by the end of Dec.mber. There will be abund- 
 ance of good seed m the district. From Saskatoon west to Aaquith, cone itions 
 are somewhat similar to Saskatoon but with a larger percentage of damaged grain 
 around the latter point. A large proportion of the good wheat has been shipped 
 ; u. J °^ S^Katoon. along the Canadian Pacific Railway line, there will 
 probably be sufficient seed for local requirements but none for outside points. 
 Along the Canadian Northern Railway main line conditions are much 
 better in the western part of the Saskatoon district than further west along the 
 
 IT' * ^nP/^**^'?"" t^"^^ "'S.f" °^ ^^^ ^*»^"* K'^'des No. 3 or hi|;her wfth only 
 about 20% grading Feed. There will be considerable good seed wheat available 
 here. Oats are not likely to be as satisfactory for seed as wheat as a large pro- 
 portion of the crop was not cut until after the frost although there will be suf- 
 ncient free from senous injury for seed purposes. Further east at Warman there 
 ha8 been more damage; 65% to 75% of the wheat will grade Feed and very Unle 
 better than No. 4. Oats are not grown extensively here. Samples of ats 
 giving satisfactory germination tests and said to represent a fairly large propor- 
 tion of the crop of the dirtrict have been received from Elbow and Allan. 
 
 Battleford Electoral District. 
 
 SIM-MAKY RKSULTS OV OERMI.\.\TION TESTS. 
 
 Kinil of IJruin. 
 
 NunihiT 
 
 of S:i!iiplcH 
 
 trslcil. 
 
 Avpragp 
 ^tTiitinatcd 
 
 Muxiniutn 
 
 c. 
 
 Kcrniinatwl. 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 ';;■ 
 
 germinated. 
 
 ■ 
 
 No. 
 
 Samples 
 
 (CerminatinK 
 
 fic; 
 
 and more. 
 
 No. 
 
 .Sampll>^^ 
 
 RrrminatinK 
 
 50-;^ 
 
 and les.". 
 
 Oam 
 
 Wheat 
 
 20 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 
 74 5 
 88-7 
 55 
 
 97 
 100 
 
 88 
 
 
 21 
 41 
 
 22 
 
 17 
 '1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Harlrv 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 In the Battleford district there are large sections of the country where the 
 injury has been so severe that the crop is pra-ticallv ruin.>d for .^cod purposes 
 and seed wul have to be brought in or a large proportion of the land will remain 
 Idle next season. In many cases the worst injury is in the districts occupied by 
 new settlers who have neither seed nor the means of procuring it In the soutlv- 
 eastern corner of the district represented by Zealandia, conditions are "much 
 better than further west and there will l>e plenty of fairly good seed of all kinds. 
 Along the Grand Trunk Pacific and the Canadian Pacific Railway Weta-kiwnn 
 hn<. there 18 very severe injury, the badly frozen district' startiiiK at 
 I. nine and extending to the Alberta boundary. At Biggar, conditions 
 are serious. A little ndge of country just south of the town had some 
 fair wheat which has l)een mostly shipped out. South of this the croi. 
 suffered more seriously. Further to the north, in the Lizard Lake district 
 hundreds of acres were never cut. At Scott al)out 90^;^ of the wheat will 
 grade Feed. Ihere is none better than No. 6. The bulk of the oats were 
 
15 
 
 not cut until after the frost ami are badly injured. Considerable of he 
 flax was uncut and that which wa>4 is badly frozen. The bulk of the seed 
 wheat, oats and flax will have to be brought in from outside points. At Wilkie 
 conditions are fully as bad as at Scott or worse. It is estimated that 75% of 
 the farmers will require seed grain of different kinds. The Adanac district ha.s 
 suffered severely from hail, rust and frost. The northern pait was completely 
 hailed out and there is very little grain which is at all fit for seed. Many of 
 the farmers are intending to sow this badly damaged grain an they can not 
 secure anything 1. Iter without outside assistance. Further west, at Unity, con- 
 ditions are much the same with perhaps a small increase in the percentage of 
 higher grade grain. There was a limited >iUantity of fair grain ->roduced ht-re 
 but the bulk of it has already been sold auu shipped. At Macklin, near the 
 Alberta boundary line, conditions are very similar with perhaps a slight improve- 
 ment. Some estimates indicate that there would be suffici-nt seed in«the dis- 
 trict if u could be retained, but those who have fair grain ire being forced to 
 sell it to meet payments. On the Kerrobert branch from Macklin to Ltiseland 
 is one of the most seriously affected districts in the province ind there is urgent 
 necessity for seed grain. The district has suffered severely 'om rust, frost and 
 hail. In the Luseland district he grain has been so injured by rust.hail and frost 
 that 60% of the land sown was not threshed. Ninety-five percent of the wheat 
 will grade Feed and none of the balance better than No. 6. The flax is almost 
 a total failure as a very small percentage w&s cut. There is said to be a little 
 oats fit for seed. Around Kerrobert 75% of the grain grown is wheat, about ten 
 percent flax and the balance oats. About 80% of the wheat grades P'eed and No. 
 6. The flax is badly frozen and all that has been shippea grades Rejected or 
 Condemned. Large areas have nover been cut. South of Kerrobert, about 20 
 niile.s, there is a whole township 'vhere no threshing had been ilone up to the iirst 
 week in January. It will he absolutely necessary for a large number of farmers 
 in this district to have assistanie iu procuring seed i they are to have a crop 
 this year. In the Salvador district tl. crop is almost a total failure. i) to 
 the middle of January only two cars of grain had been shipped from this point 
 and these were wheat and graded Feed. About 70% of the crop sown was wheat, 
 25% flax and the balance oats. A large quantity of seed will be required here 
 as there is practically none in the district. In the northern part of the constitu- 
 ency, along the Canadian Northern main line, there has been severe injury at 
 some points. East of Battleford a considerable proportion of the land is fairly 
 light and there will probably be sufficient seed for local requirements. Around 
 North Battleford there will be sufficient seed near the river, where the land is 
 lighter, but further north, in the Neeting Lake district, where the land is heavy, 
 the grain is badly damaged and none of it grades better than Feed. The 
 settlers are in poor position financially to provide seed for themselves. Across 
 the river there also is some good grain, but a distance south from Battleford, 
 on the heavy land, there is nothing but F'eed with much the same conditions 
 as prevail further south at Wilkie on the Canadian Pacific Railway line. 
 From Battleford west .there is very severe injury through to the Alberta 
 boundary and several of the districts will require seed from outside points and 
 nianj- of the farmers are not in a position to procure it without assistance. 
 
Kiml ((intin. 
 
 Prince Albert Electoral District. 
 
 BIMMARV MKStLTO OF QERMINATIOX TEMTO. 
 
 Avrrmce ; MttJimuin | Minin 
 
 XuiulnT _ 
 
 li-uil Kirrninatnl KPrininui<-.l gcrminat.cl 
 
 OttU... 
 Wlii-«t. 
 Barley. 
 
 40 
 MS 
 
 N". No. 
 
 Sumpli'4 S.iiii|)I.M 
 
 uormin ilina Kci iniiiuiinu 
 
 W ; .VK ; 
 
 unil iiiiiir. unil I.M.. 
 
 Ki 
 
 100 
 08 
 
 16 
 
 ' i 
 
 4 
 
 So 
 
 <1 ' 
 
 
 
 ss 
 
 3 : 
 
 
 
 KScS: .,-:;:c5isSScsisHrw-■ 
 S- an )' No 4'" T,!" T "'"* "V?" ^''**'** «'^*»''^ ^^- :^ Northern or 
 Fee w" *; „st of ?.». [ f *^' S''''; ** i*^"" 'IP^' *"*^ «'-a«'e about 309r Kxtra 
 
 ALBERTA. 
 
 . ii^v iioi laori man Zd ,c of the oats will germinate 60% or over. 
 
17 
 
 S<'C(l will Im" ri><|uinMl at wuno ptiiiitx. Along the WHaxkiwiii liruncli of the C.P.R. 
 and tho (irami Trunk Pacific condition!! arc sonic U'ttcr, and, with jwrhapx a few 
 exceptions, there will he nufficient seejl to meet requirements in all districts. 
 Perhaps the most m-riously affected section in the jirovince is along the Canailian 
 Northern line from Lloydininster west to Islay. Here there is very little seed 
 uvailahle locally and the settlers arc not in ii position to j)n«Mire it. I'nless 
 «• tsistance is rendered a consiileralile j)ortion of the land will have to ko unseedcil 
 next year. P'urthcr west along the line the outlook is more optimistic and at 
 some points the situati(m is relieved hy the fact that oats from IftlU have been 
 carried over. 
 
 Medicine Hat Electoral District. 
 
 HL'MVIAHY HKsri.TS OK fiKKMINAl ION TKsTS. 
 
 
 
 
 Xiiitilii'i 
 
 AviTJlV'c 
 
 Maxiiiiittii 
 
 MiiiiiMiitif, 
 
 SiltTipl. . 
 
 Xo. 
 S:iliipl(- 
 
 Kii'il 
 
 of (; 
 
 a 111. 
 
 iif S:iiii|.'.' 
 
 i l.-.tr.l. 
 
 LnTii)iniitt'<l 
 
 ■riTuiillJlrt! 
 
 tvt-rnirriti <l 
 
 ",ii piiiimliiu; 
 
 li't' , 
 :ii»i) 'nor*' 
 
 ircriiitnal.'DK 
 anil ic^ii 
 
 — 
 
 . 
 
 
 ,_. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o««« 
 
 
 
 II 
 11 
 
 mi 
 
 h: 7 
 
 um 
 
 ■i.» 
 
 
 t 
 
 V Vat. .. 
 
 
 
 :'.ii 
 
 i:i 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 _. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 I'Vom Lethhridge to Sterling was hit hy hail and frost, iciiscciuently there is 
 little good grain. Through Raynioiid, Magratli, S))riiig Coulee ;md Cardston, 
 there were lieavy yields of wheat, usually, however, of low grui'e. This is an old 
 district and most of the farmers are prosjjerous and sivould be alile to meet the 
 .-situation. .Along the C'.P.R. from l.ethhridge to Medicine Hat ;irc a (ttusider- 
 ahle number of men who will need helj). There are many l!onif>tea<lers through 
 this country whose crops were a comjjlete faihire in 1910 and conseiiuently 
 tliiir financial jiosition is jjoor. This is particularly true of the country south of 
 Taber and north of Bow Island. Acconling to the bank inanajiiers of these towns 
 some l(l'/( of tiie liomesteaders will need help. South of Medicine Hat some seed 
 will be needed. Northwest of Medicine Hat tov>ards Howell is in better shape. 
 From that point west there is not very nui -h land in cnij) until ( arlstadt is reach- 
 ed. .\round this town there is some good seed i)erhii)is enough for the district 
 if it could be retaim-d but some of the settlers will recpiire assistance as they have 
 not the money to buy with and those who have grain are forced to sell for cash 
 to meet imyments. Several thousand acres of flax were ruine<l hy frost in 
 this locality. Sonw fairly good sam])les have been received from around 
 Tilley. In the vicinity of Bassano there is not a great dial of land in cro)) and 
 ■ most of the grain was of poor quality. Northeast about 7.") miles, in the Stop- 
 pingtor. country, there is some good seed but it is <lifficult of access as the district 
 is not served by a railroad. North and northwest from Ba.-isano, across the Red 
 Deer in the Hand Hill country, therf^ is some good seed. The Carbon district 
 was struck by hail but sufficient gooti seed is available. Cleichen was badly 
 frosttd; the worst sutTerers were men occupying C.F.R. land. 
 
18 
 
 Macleod Elcctcwal District. 
 
 SUMMARY lUWULTB OF OSJtMINATlON TE»T». 
 
 Kind of Crain. 
 
 N.iinilH.r Avirniin , Maximum Minimum. Bamp'lM fUmpip- 
 ..fS«...pl,. V ! ', ', wrmiuitiiK i«iiiiMling 
 
 lotnl. tntniiimKilitriiiiiiiiitnl (rrminatiNl ^ 60% (KKi 
 
 I ! uid iDiirR. Mul icmi. 
 
 Otif... 
 Bariey. 
 
 M 
 
 13 
 2 
 
 M'7 
 
 W 
 
 S 
 
 le 
 
 10 
 
 US 
 
 too 
 
 46 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 77 « 
 
 87 
 
 08 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 !• roni TkW inton through f )kotokh, High Rivj-r. Nanton and south to Stavelv 
 he main crop is oats- possibly 25^^ Kood for seed. Around Cavlcy. however, 
 here m a smaller proportion. Much of the crop between Nanton ind DeWinton 
 w a." stan<ling when the first snow storm came and suffered severely. Many of the 
 men throughout these localities are ranchers and are in a gwid position to 
 ase their gram for feed and are in good standing financially. Out from Stavelv 
 there maybe a few who will need assistance. From Stavely south, wheat is the 
 
 s ! ft "fT.i "u*^*" V[''""''''u°'S?. *?!"''* 30% would grade No. 3 or higher, 
 bouth of Uaresholm through Woodhouse and C.ranum, west to the foothills, 
 V.'r,.°.H [•..*!!'* Noble and on t<. I,ethbridge was hailed and frozen. 
 Mr> little seed will be available around these points, particularly around Mon- 
 ari'h. In many cases farmers were compelled to sell any good seed they had in 
 nrnfoM J!l« Pay^^nts. Aroun.l Carmanguy there is some pretty goxl seed; 
 probably enough to supply the district Bow ville, northeast from ( "armangay 
 a district about 12 miles square was badly frosted. Champion district al.^o 
 jittered severely, as did also the country northwest from Brant. In the Thinh 
 Hill country, which is ea.st from Kirkaldy, there is some very good seed. From 
 Marleod west to the foothills suffered considerable from frost, but there .should 
 I'e enough see<l for the district. 
 
 Calgary Electoral District. 
 
 SIMMAKV HKSl 1,T8 OK CiKRMINATION TESTS. 
 
 Kind of Cirain. 
 
 NuiiiImt 
 'if r>anipl 
 
 .\v<rn(ti' .Maxiiiiuni Minimum 
 
 No. 
 Samples 
 
 .\o. 
 Sample- 
 
 te>«tf(l BPrmmnliKi. fc^.minatrd. i[c minateil eC.'i 
 
 C'atJ... 
 Wheal. 
 Barley. 
 Fiav.. 
 
 S3 
 10 
 24 
 
 60-5 
 
 91) 
 
 Sfi-7 
 
 UN) 
 
 77 -.t 
 
 100 
 
 71 8 , 
 
 77 
 
 10 
 
 
 anil mure. 
 
 37 
 
 •) 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 SO<,t 
 and Ie:t9. 
 
 l.i 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 le^ t algary district has suffered severely from frost . Most of the oat croii 
 around Calgary city is unfit for seed. East, around Shepard ami Langdon, 
 tatrc IS much frosted gram l)ut there is also considerable fit for seed. The Strath- 
 
10 
 
 moTf ilirtrict wifferecl wverrly, the oeUlvrt- iwtt wriou»ly affpcte.l iM'ing the C. 
 r.K. oolomstH. South form talnary, armuul Midmapore, the crop« were badiv 
 fronted. We»tt from Calgary is more of a ranrtiinn country anfl there \» not a 
 great deal of gram grown hut most of lant year'H crop w of very po<.r quality. 
 ISorth from ^alRary, along the C'algary-Echnonton railroa.l line, there wan Msvere 
 daniage; prcbably nor more than 26% of tlie oat» will germinate nwre than 60% 
 in thi« dirtrict. Cronsfield, Airdrit and CarHtairH district suffered severely from 
 frost and Airdrie at least will require seed. It is estimated that there is not 
 more than 60% of the amount required in the vi« inity. Around Acme and Ster- 
 hngville and east from Beiseker there is some good wd although there luis l>een 
 some damage by hail. Kast of Carstuirs nt Seibenville and «outh th.-re will 
 probably be sufficient seed for local needs. 
 
 Red Deer Electoral District. 
 
 HUMMAKY HESILTS OK (tKKMI\.\TION TKiTO. 
 
 I 
 
 Kiml iif (Iritin. 
 
 .Xvi'ntKP MBiiiiiuiii Miniiii>im. 
 
 i NiiiiilMr 
 of SanipU'ii 
 tr»tril. Kcrininalfd Ifirniinntiil. ■friiiinalcd 
 
 Sample. 8ainpU'« 
 germiiMlinK KPtminatinii 
 
 tori «Fi 
 
 nnd niuie. and ln«. 
 
 Oats . 
 Whtat. 
 Barliy. 
 Flai. . 
 
 MO 
 2:1 
 1; 
 4 
 
 no I 
 
 SO-7 
 70 
 74 7 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 as 
 
 
 n 
 20 
 
 M 
 
 34 
 21 
 12 
 4 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 
 The country tributary to the Calgary-Edmonton line through the Red 
 Ueer distnct was seriously affected by froht and probably less than 25% of the 
 grain wi I germinate above 60%. Didsbury, Olds, Bowden, Innisfail, Red 
 ueer and Lacombe suffered severely, Didsbury particularly so as hail also did 
 coiisiderable damage north and east from the town. West fron» Didsbury and 
 Olds there are a good many homesteaders who will be in a position financially 
 to buy seed when necessary. Southeast of Re<l Deer in the Willowdale anil 
 Morn Hill districts there will probably be plenty of seed for local requiriments 
 turther outh, aro nd Three Hills, Rawdonville and fihost Pine conditions 
 vary greatly but thei-- is probably sufficient seed in th(! district. Along the 
 Lacombe branch of the C.P.R. there is considerable injury but most localities 
 have sufficient seed for their requirements. Around Alix and Stettler some of 
 the gram is useless for seed but there is probably sufficient produced on the 
 high land to meet local needs. South of Castor is a district where there is ver\ 
 little good seed. At Coronation it was at first thought that there would be 
 only about ten per cent of the seed that would be required, but tests of oats 
 from the (.istnct justify a more optimistic view, and according to latest estimates 
 there will be sufficient seed grain available in the vicinity of Castor, Coronation 
 and Consort for distribution to homesteaders provided that arrangements can 
 be made with the parties who have it for sale regarding payment, that will be 
 workable for large or small quantities. From Coronation east to the provin- 
 cial boundary there is a large area in which the crop of the settlers failed in 
 1910, ow-ing to dry weather, and in 1911, in addiiion tc ' ^-ost injury, many 
 were hailed out. Financial assistance us well as seei .equired Some- 
 
 i 
 
20 
 
 what Hiiiiiliir iiuiilitioiiH pnvail in tliut p^rt of tlw iliMriit mrvrd Itv thi- ( 
 Wrt»,.ki\vin l.rai.rh l>ut ihi- KituMtion \o not m> mtIouh hm Hoini- 'of tlir 
 wttLTH hnvr H fair Mipply of !h«4w!. hi attditNin to tin- fnwt injury, n 
 arni from HaytiT ami Provoft Morth»«'i.t wa». hailni. 
 
 IMi. 
 
 oldiT 
 largo 
 
 Stnithcona Electoral District. 
 
 Hi MMAKY HKISI'LTH OK UKKMINATIOM T»f*. 
 
 Kinil iif (;rtiin. 
 
 \%i' HK<' Mtttiinuni Miniiiiuiii. rtit'ni|ilr* f)«nip'lc« 
 
 '-•".I. iRrrniiwiiil Ki'rniinntf.l. r'-rniiimtnl ; aO% Mfi, 
 
 I Md mora. BBct IcM. 
 
 N'utiilH'i 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 nil .1 
 
 w 
 
 .>)< 
 
 4.1 
 
 11 
 
 M 
 
 iii.i 
 
 IIW 
 
 A- 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 Hlt-7 
 
 tw 
 
 77 
 
 .1 
 
 II 
 
 - 
 
 m 
 
 u 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 
 1) 
 
 Oatx 
 
 w;.<'tii 
 
 H:,H..v 
 
 Kliu 
 
 Intlmt part of StrutlH-onn s,-rv.-.l l.y the Cttlgary-lMlmoiit.ni railway thw 
 has l„.,.n iPHx M.nou« (lainHK.- tliau further nouth on thin lim.. (iermination 
 pts yury wuloly on gran i throURho.it the .-onHtitueney, but the in.lications are 
 I t7nJl^/ loralitH^H have not Huffieient see.! f.,r their re.,uiren...n(s xvithi.i 
 H.! n. rth r- A* ^•^*'^:'"«^"', »'"• V"tl'><>k is quite optimiHtic and fron. this 
 . C 1. . " " :""»K»'/'-''"l f'"- I'"'"' '"^'•- Hast of Weta.kinin there is 
 a tract wIm.I. is exiK-ete. t.. haye eonsuU-rahle k«o,| seed lor outmde points. In 
 the eastern part of the .hstnn served by the C.P.R. conditions are m.t so favour- 
 al.le. A la Re section extendmR from south of St rome southeast In-ymd the 
 
 Alo^ Me V.;*'^7'**'[T'"' T '"*'''>■ ''*"^"'' '" "'^''i' " »" the frost injury. 
 
 i i [^ 1 '•'^""•* Trunk Par- ■• Ime east of E<lm«nton threshing has been very 
 
 ri li 1 "' ■•' '«^f I""I«"!'V'' "/ the crop still n-mains unthresh.-d. In the 
 
 med Hte yM.,n,ty of \\an.wn»ht there is very little good seed but in ihe district 
 
 en V f L '■ ""*"! V' '''"' ""'"'"^ "'".' ""♦•'^ '''^ available. At Irma th.reis 
 1 lentx of k-mmI seed and some to spare. The district betw.'cn the (irand Trunk 
 
 mli; ured "' ''"'?"'"" ^•<;■•V'<•rn railroads is reported to have co s d r" S 
 
 ^ori::!:;!:;! Tz,r::'j;:^r' "" *'"'"'""' '^ -'"' ''"'•''^^"^" -"' •"•«-'•• -- 
 
 Edmonton Electoral District. 
 
 SLM.VIAHV HKSILTS (IK (iKRMI.NATlOX TKSTH. 
 
 Kintl >if drain. 
 
 ..n-"HlIu."lT-, ■^",'™''"' M'«i>>'U'" Miniinui.. .S.mpirs .s«,„|'.i,- 
 
 I ir,!!.,! " „„r.....l., 1 ' 1 '■ . «"""'inatiiii'((.iniiniiii 
 
 l-'I'-il. i!<rimnMt.<!, Kciiiinatid. iririiiiniifcil. flo*, W,M 
 
 mil more. uii>l ll•^ 
 
 »iirl.> 
 
 li 
 
 68 
 
 lOH 
 
 29 
 
 14 
 3 
 
•21 
 
 III thf Kdinuiittin <li»tric« n kiimII proportion of thi- laiiil i» iiihUt i-iiltuvstioii 
 •ml lonclitioni. v<<r.v gri-ntiv l.ul thin- will |>rol>al>ly Im- Hiiflicii-nt "«'«'<l within roni- 
 rarativply pwy rr»«!i of nil iMiintn. A wanipli- of oaH front CIovit Bar, cant of 
 Mmonton, iMild to n-pri-wnl W ; of thiM-ropof th«MliHtri«t, wa^* rut Ix-fon- fr«wt 
 ?"ll'"'J"I'"*'*''* '"' ' ■ Anotlwr wmipli', cut after the friwt ami wiiil to reprew-nt 
 40%ofthecrop, nerniinates only :«)f;'t. (Hher Haiiii>leH from thin district givr 
 Mtwfactory tMtt». \Ve«t of Kdinonton on the ( irund Trunk Paeifii- line there huH 
 iMH-n wvere mjury at Horne jwintM. ReiM)rt« from Stonv Plain are favourable. 
 On Hample of oatx from Onoway, repre-t^-nting a large proportion of the eroii, 
 |[«;rmmateN «mly 37' i . Another Hample germinati'M W)' ', . Two namplex from 
 \\al»anum, naid to reprewnt ahout iiy'/, «if the er<»p were al.xolutely killed. In 
 I^r Ste.-Anne dJHtriet there i» very little farming, done Imt tiie eroi» ix reported 
 »!i gtMNl and fit fornei'd. 
 
 Victoria Electoral District. 
 
 HIMMAHY KEr^lLTH or (iKKMI.NATION TESTH. 
 
 Kitiil iif (;r:i,n. 
 
 OuH. 
 
 WiMIlt .. 
 
 Marioy... 
 
 Nillnl rr 
 
 3M 
 2 
 
 iririiiimiliil ui mpriiii c| Kcriiiiniitfil 
 
 7H 
 
 Wl 
 
 W» 4 1 
 
 fill 
 
 H8 J 
 
 M> 
 
 M 
 
 MM 
 
 Nn. 
 .S»riipU" 
 
 N... 
 r*:iniplf 
 
 Kiriiiiniiliniiin'rniinaiinK 
 
 HO', 
 iiikI niori'. 
 
 2H 
 
 
 One of the most s'-ritmsly frosted .sections lit AllM-rta is in Vidoriii district 
 ulong the ("anudian Northern Railway, from Lloydniiuster west ♦) Islay. 
 Around Lloydniiuster u numher of farmers have wliJ-ut that grades .A hut 
 there s practically no seed oats from the Hill cmi) uvuilalilc. It is estimated 
 that It will require ahout 10,000 hushels of »)ats more than can be jirocured in 
 the district trihutary to Lloydniiuster to meet seed requiri"mei*s. The most 
 serious pha.se of the situation as viewed by th" peojile in this district is the lack of 
 money to i>uy si ■•d, even in cases where it is available In the district. Those who 
 are fortunate enough to luive seed grain for sair in many ca>>s consider it neees- 
 sary to sell at market prices rather than hold for . > ed, the n-ason being that there 
 is little jirosiH'ct of being able to get cash payment from their neighbors who need 
 seed. It is almost certain that unles.s some measure of assistaiuc is given a large 
 percentage of the land in this district will have to go unseeded next spring. It 
 is estiiuated that not more than ten percent of the farmers have seed grain At 
 \'ermilion conditions are somewhat better although there is a large percentage 
 of frosted grain. There will probably be sufficient seed procurable in the imme- 
 diate district although some assistance may be required in financing the situation. 
 In the vicinity of Vegreville the 1911 crop is badly frosted but the situation is 
 bomewhat relieved by the fact that considerable oats have been carried over from 
 1910 and will be availf.hle for seed North of the town, in the Hairy Hill and 
 Whitford districts, the crop is reported to have escaped serious injury. A sample 
 of oats from Ross Creek further we.st germinates 81% and a considerable numher 
 of samples from various parts of the constituency also give satisfactory tests. 
 
oo 
 
 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. 
 
 The climatic coiulitions provailinj{ throunhinit the Prairio Provinces of 
 t aiiada were vrry abnormal durinjt tho season of 1911. SccdinK was laruelv 
 <U)ne about the usual time, from the mi(l<Ue of April to the middle of Mav and 
 under favourable conditions. During the latter part of May ami JuAe the 
 conditions were favourable, with sufficient rain in most parts and reasonablv 
 warm wea her. July was cloudy, showery and cool, grov-th being rapid and 
 almost rank, but toward the end of tlie month rust appeared in some parts and 
 there was little sign of rii)ening. During August unseasonably cold weather 
 prevailed, preventing ripening, rust became prevalent in some districts, and frost 
 o, cured from August 22 to August 28. doing great damage. During September 
 the W(>ather was generall>- cold and wet with lieavy damage resulting to the 
 crops from frost and rust. Damaging frosts occurred in manv districts on 
 Nc). ember b, 8, 21 and 2o. During tin- first part of October the weather was 
 mojlerateiy .Iry and warm, but owing to rust and the abundant supplv of 
 moKsture, crop.s r.'fused to ripen. The freeze-up came on October 2.5, or three 
 weeks eariier than usual. Much cutting .still remained to be done and as the 
 stooks \yere wet froin rectjnt rains considerable iiijurv resulted to even fairly 
 well mat.ure.1 grain which was in stook. The latter part of October was cold 
 and on iNovember 1st the temperature dropped to six below zero. On November 
 4th something very unusual in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, after the freeze-up 
 happened; the weather sud.lenly turnod warm and rain fell all day. This was 
 followed on November 8tli with from thn>e to five inches of snow and on Novem- 
 ber 10th 20 below zero was registered. The snow and extreme cold in November 
 came when a large proportion of the threshing remained to be done. December 
 was remarkably fair and mild and the threshing was continued, but the grain 
 tliat was in stook is very tough and a large proportion of it unmarketable. 
 
 Value of an Early-sown seed crop. 
 
 .\lth..ugl, the s,.ason ,,f Iflll was very abnormal, tl... reports clearlv imlicate 
 that in I early all districts seed of good <iuality was produce.l when seeding was 
 -lone early and on well prepared land. Most of the new settlers who are now with- 
 out seed made the mistake j.f continuing breaking too long and thereby delaying 
 
 .1 large proportion of the frosted croj) was sown late. Tie experience of the year 
 stronglv emphasizes the importanc of every farmer sf.-.ling at least a portion 
 ot his crop, enough for seed requirements, as eariv as possible, even though the 
 
 .my >ear as it is one of the best means of insuring against a shortage of grain 
 uita I.le for seed. If a settler has no breaking .lone the previous fall, it would be 
 
 r.. UinJ" ^^1 ^''■^,^'""8. "i.th*^ ^P"»f< '""K •^noURh to seed a small area before 
 breaking and putting in th<' main crop. 
 
 Carrying seed over. 
 
 Another i)recaution against scarcity of good see<l that might well be followed 
 
 serinush Tffrt ^' ,'" !l«[7'"K OX*'^ grain from season to season. Some of the most 
 
 thnn^tv, fv^^'*- '*''*"'■',*.*"' .^''*'" ^''' '" " '""^•»' ''^-tter condition for see<l 
 than they otherwise would be through the fa.t that some of th.- farmers have 
 earned over a considerable supi)ly of good s.-e.! from 1910 
 
23 
 The use of Early Varieties. 
 
 Tho 8i'as<>n also ciniihasizes tlie importance of minft as .-arlv varic«i..s .^ 
 
 cortalist, in 1903, ami has since been grown an<l selected under his directZ. 
 
 Stacking Grain. 
 
 Advantaftes of Miied Farming. 
 Testing Seed for Germination. 
 
 ms§mmm 
 
 Wl,« that t .tun";', Xuld l» Sv "eST'S"" '" 'l'""" "" "■ 
 
 Damage from Smut decreasing. 
 
 the ."K'JZ',m„Ti,''L'';LT'' '''"';?' "!' >■"' '■''^"l.v i"Jic.t,. ,l,.t 
 
24 
 
 disease was verv heavv, partiiularly at some iwints alouR the C.N.R. main 
 line in Saskatehewan; hut tliroiinh the influence of seed fairs, field erop com- 
 petitions and other etlucatiouai work, this has been largely eliminated. Formalin 
 18 beeominn more generally used for treating both oats and wheat. It has 
 been found more satisfactory than bluestone for oats and at least equally so 
 for wheat. If the grain is immersed from ten to 20 minutes, one pound of 
 formalin to 40 gallons of water will make a strong enough solution. If the grain 
 is sprinkled only or dampened with a pickling machine, one pound to 35 gallons 
 of water may be used. Hither .system will give good results, but if the sprinkling 
 method is followj-d the- grain should be allowed to remain in a pile for an hour 
 or two with a blanket oyer it in order to retain the fumes of the gas long enough 
 to destroy the smut sjiores. In any case the grain should be dried and s«)\u<l 
 iis soon as practicable after treatment so that the danger of injury to the vitality 
 may be reduced to a minimum. 
 
 Sources of Good Seed Supply. 
 
 DuriiiK this work of investigating the croi) conditions the Inspectors collected 
 as much information as iiossible regarding the sources of supjily of good seeil. 
 This information lu's been (()!ui>ilc(l and is available through Mr. F. H. Reed, 
 Seed Branch. Hegina. Sask. 
 
-->. /