h i crHM lyiibroficfie Seijes (Monographs) / (...., ■# ICMH Collection de microfiches (monograph ies) ../ V t % :'*»^:>-''' Canadian Inatituta fpr HiatoricalMicroraproductiona/lnatitut Canadian da mfcroraproductiona hia^riqiiaa / la riqiiM § mm/'' TMhnicM and BiMio«rap(ti« NotM / Npttt tadiitiqiMy tt bibliotrapdiQUM TN Imtitut* hM atttimptMl to obtaiii tlM ImM orifinal copy availabto for fifminii. FMtur«/of this eopy which may ba MMiotraphicaliv uniqua, virhich may altar any of tha imm» in tha raproductioipi. or which rniay ^ •ignificantfy changa tha imial niMhod of filmint. ara iChadcadbaiow, I I Cbloura<| coMrs/ I • 1 Couvartura da couiaur ' ■ '■■- "^ '■''■■ , ' .*■■■. Covars damafad/ Couvirtiirai iimaiaa aCovar* rastorad aM/oT laminatad/ Couvartura rasta«|r4« at/ow palliculte CotMf titia iniMin|/ - . La titra da cou»aJtura maii_:. □ Quality of print varies/ Qualite ihAgale de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue. □ Includes index(es)/ . Coniprend un (des) index . Title on header taken from: / La titre de I'en-tlte provient: Title page of issue/ Page de titre de la livraisqn I I Caption of issue/ n Titre de depart de la livraison Masthead/;.' Generique (piriodiques) de la livraison' C / Additional comments:/ Utliikled pages may film slightly out of focus n Commentaires supplimantaires: . / This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filme au tauxde reduction indiqii* ci-diiissous. -r — ft ^nx UX _^ 18X 22X 26X 30X . / i * s V ^ 12X 18X apx ' '. 24X ■■""■"■"■' 28X 32X Th« copy filmed h«r» hat b«> \ •'1 .«'S . *v . I .. . - ■ ' > •■ V ' ■> . ■ %■' Fri&U '■-^=^'' ■' ^ " 'S- ■ 1 ■■ % ' .. ■ ■ ■ * "■'.." ' -■■ \'-, '■ ■ ^ • ■ ■ '- > ■ /■ .'. ■./■%■ 3 " -■ . ' '■ -■ '■ ■: ""■' ./ •-■'■''v- ■ ■ ; ■"."'••-' ^^^ ' '.- - '■"--- ""'^'. " -. \m ^^^^^A ^prr U'-* ■' \ . ■ ;. ■: TO THE; '■' ON THE COMPARATIVE CLAIMS ENGLISH AND SCC^JCH CHURCftES IN CANADA, ■ ', ■■ ^ ■■ ■ ■ TO TB« :.■■■■ • . — . ,. PROTECTION OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT; ON THE PROPRIETY OF ESTABUSHING A FUND FOR THE SUPPORT, THAT IT MAY BE DEEDED EXPEDIENTTO GIVE TO THEM, FROM A REVENUE ARISING FROM THE RENT OF LAND. By JOHN RAE» Printed at Uie MoMtiUUii HxBAii> and New Montriaj:. Gazstiji Officb. 1828. \ V . A • ■■ J ..U.'h' PREPACE. The following ptagcs were written and shown to many of the Au* j thor's friends, early in the jmouth of February last ; but their publi- cation was accidentally delayed until a period, when it seemed not improbable, that ciire they could reach Britain,' the question might be finally settled by the British Government. It w«v», therefore, thought better to suppress them, till the result of the proceedings of the late Session flf Pai^amcnt should be known. The claims of the Church of Scotlandhaving been recognised by a Committee of the House of Commons, the situation of our affairs is somiewhat different from what it was, at the time referred to ; but as the matters in dispute have not yet been decided by Legislative Enactment, and as the views here taken concerning them, are somewhat different from those geheraUy entertainedy>iit. Ijas been deemed advisable yet to publish them. From this delay, the Author has been enabled to corroborate his reasonings and statements, by extracts from the Report of the Committee of Upper Canada, which are subjoined. GlenoAry, 1st October, 1828. - ■V V > • J , •> . s ■W' LETTE B^ TO run ii!Dn«)vmAiEiLis MSi. STAiriLm?. JKLiuio^ and country are sncred names. The love of them isna-v I to good men, itnd is so connected with the best fechngs and af- fqctions of the heart, that to be wanting in thg^lhrows' a shade over the whole character. Unhappy must be thc^^dition, or debased must be the spirit of the man, who can calml^^nd unresistingly stand by and watch the progress of measures inimical to the interests of either. Unhappy must he be, if the circumstances of his lot have left him no choice, but that of patient endurance ; base and debased, if, /having the means to avert the evil, hq yet wants the will to employ t)ie;m. / With what sentiments then, can my countrymen, can Scotsmen, re- gard their present situation in this Province. We leave our native jund to come to a British, not an English, Province; and therefore with the assured confidence, that we are there to snjoy equal rights, privileges, and advantages, with those possessed by the natives of any other patt of the British Empire. But we find here a party, a pow- erful, and hitherto an all prevailing party, who tell us a very different tale, who tell us we must submit to bear the burden, and wear th« badge of inferiority and subjection. VVe have a national Church, ami a national form of worship, to which we are sincerely attached. If we adhere to them, we are re- garded with the jealousy, and stigmatised with the name, of dissenters. , Js a teacher of our persuasion to be appointed?. He finds the pow- erful interest of a dpmihant religion arrayed against him. Is an uni- versity ^o be established ?. Men of Presbyterian principles are itica- I»aciiated from holding oAlce in it. Our Clergy can perfonn the mar- ■y h»- W 4/f „ ^ L«Uir l0 lh( IhnoumltU Mr> Stattlty. < riage c^retnony, <>v<*ii among tlicir own flockf, only tlirougli the li' cence ut the niugistratc; and the very rites of acpulture have been denied ui, unless at the purchase of submitting to the ceremonies of a fortn of worship at variance with our own. Meanwhile, the Rnglish \ stales herself the Established Church, is protected, and her Clergy paid by the Bniish Government, is laying plans for her future ag- l^randisement and extension at our expense, and has taken possession tff a seventh part of the country as her own. ^ Surprised at the unexpected aspect of alFairs, we seek, but seek in vain, for any thingMn the circumstances of our country or Church, that ought m rcoson or ju»ticc to have produced it. Were we in truth the natives, as we seem to be thougiit, of a conquered and dc' graded Kingdom, of some subject Province of England, though we might bear these things in sorrow, we should yet bear them in silence. ' fiut we have been accustomed to think with honest pride, on our past history, and present state, as evincing, that our country is entitled- to all the privileges that belong to a free ond independent nation. The ^ pages of our earlier annals paint us contending fur a^es with a na- tion, warlike and far richer and more powerful than we, yet sinking not under the conflict ; and England accustomed elsewhere to conquer, turning at length away with blunted sword and torn banner from our borders, la there aught in our subsequent history, that has destroy- ed that equality which the swords of our ancestors were able to maia- tain in the field A. Not, surely, that our rival consented to receive from us a king, <«• sought to be incorporated with us as a notion. Have we yielded in the contest, since English and Scottish has been lost in British feeling, and since the rivalry thot led us to meet op- posed in the hostile plain, has been conrerted into the more generous emulation of who shall best promote the prosperity and^Iory of the United^ Empire ? Europe answers for us. When iter people record tho9e by whom they have been benefited or delighted, what names are mpi-e frequent in their mouths than those of Scotsmen ? The whole ^orld can witnesi in our favour* In what corneir of it, have not Scot- tish enterprise, and Scottish valour, contributed to exalt the glory of the British name ? Whose were the hardy limbs, whose the firm hearts, that planted the standard of the Emphre on the summits of those very clifrs, that now afford mheltcr and protection to some, who would oppose the just privileges of their sons ? ! The country speaks for itself, and proves, that its existence adds no Lean strength to the British Empire, or histre to the British character. Let the loycr of human kind search the whole globe — where jwill he find a spot on , view can/rest, with greater pleasure— wjhere will he Jfind, take lore intelligent, a more industrious, a mdr& moral, lan in Scotland ? ^^^ X ^ / in vain, for any thing in theJiation^Kworship itself should cause it to be so depreciated. \l^re our atWhment to jj^ h a d it, a iunpropitious to th e /happin c is oOnankind, ■I- , which Jt •*^ LfiUr lo l/u IlitiiuuiuliU' Sh, Siatdfif. 5 gh the li« ave httn monies of c Rngliph r Clergy uturc ag- lOMCSaion „rovcd it-ieir untlMcrtinK the wppwl (if t|io#r, who nuKlit have \m\ the miilortunc to have been Cilucttrt'il under it;— •» the toitercr ol •edition, ond di.loyiit'y, were it justly rcK»rdc' HomutMiM,. siaulfi,. / those wJio oppose us. H'^tiueu advantage over ' -ent^-condu^^;rl;^i^rs^ sure it may be caJled on to adopt! ' *^''P^'*'«"<^y o^ whatever mea- A cothmunity of interests is the firmest basia nC ..«u vernments-, '« iVm t,e//*, rt «/m «o/rS-^^ J ^°^^^^ a maxim as truA in reia>d JT s^atS n! ^ "^^ "*? °.""f "'« ^*''" '« these grounds 3Sf theTnLl^^^^^ Itis happily on . Britain, a gr J? -anSSi:^^'^^^^ r^^^"^' -ts. ufacturing indusU' STfFer a^^^^^^^ tion. and who sSy her wth "he Sl^I^n/' • ^"^r:^"«>"« pop"la- . -sily „.ise withiS^^rti^t e"S^:rt^S ''' ^'^""'^^ ^^ the prosperity of ihe mother coVnTS? 1?,^^ ""^^^ ^'*^^'" sends usfthe finished prod^ctionr *^^^ ' than wexould manufaStrS^lllSr^^ ket for the produce of our fields and forestf and^i^ ',! '""'" tal to the country to enable »« »n Lbii r S* • , ""® " '^"^ ^V" Wliile these chximLnc^siVthir^^^^^^^^ t^so^xt^.. . tinu^,and it is imposSe for us to „ "' '''^ ''"^ ''"^ "«""»"^* «<>"' cease so long wUlTbe L tL b "f 'S^J't *'!"*^» ^^^^ ^hey shaJI common govSm'(SDia^fe?*^^^°^^ '^'"''" ""^^^« the one cLt^r to^; o^tca^^^ it':.^? fl "7 P'^"^'^"^^ ^°'" the commercial relation, nfJhif? 'twdl flow far more securely,- , jngi„.er™p.';3!a^are'„c; di ^Je^rr aSe™. ^f "'"- I- 4 I Lttttr to the Itonourahle M^. Htanley. ■' 'X- tion of the cuunt(y is uf Britisli descent, and that consequently their mannersj feelings, and habits, partake to a certain extent of thdse ol' tfie parent state. While there is no separation of the interests gf the two Countries, this circumstance mujit also be allowied most powerful- ly to cement their union. / These things then— an ultimate connection of interests, a similarity to a certain extent of manners and feelings — ore the basis of our uni- on with Great Britain. Besides these, there seems not any other. Force forms not any of our relations with the motlier country. We are not held together, either by the necessities of geographical situa- tion, by the right of conquest, or by any other of those compulsato- ry circumstances, which have place in the union of som^parts of this great Empire. Ireland is separated from the neighboi|R|g islandby but a narrow fritli; its destinies must therefore be competed, and must, in a measure, depend on those of its mofe powerful neighbours. The_ bravery of our armies has given us the command of a vast ter- ritory in the East Indies, and has put it in our power to adopt what system we please in its government, and to impose on its inhabitants the laws that to us seem best. — -The sins of our fathers have put un- der our controul the unhappy Wngs who till the soil of the Western Indies ; and while our troops are the instruments that maintain the in- fluence thus' acquired, it is 6t that we should regulate the concerns of them, and of .the masters who keep them to their task, according to our pleasure. In all these cases, force may, and in some of them it must be em* ployed ; but it enters Yiot into thi? national relations of Great Britam and Canada; nor, I believe, will any one be hardy enough to affirm, that it ought to make a necessary part of the system which connects them. From these principles, three tests, for determining the relative ex- pedieney of protecting the one or the other of the rival sects> may be deduced. 1st. Which form of worship is bes|a||culated to promote the prosperity of the colony ? ^w 2d. \yhich will most effectually diffuse among us British habits and feelings? 3d. Which IS most congenial to the state of society that exists in Canada, and tlferefore least requiring the aid of adventitious power ? 1st. Tlve excellency of any religious system, considered merely as a means of promoting the prosperity of society, is chiefly to be es- timated by its tendency to riestrain offences against the laws, against the state, against morality. If experience then be a fit guide-— if from what has been, we may safely infer what is to be— ^we may form a judgment of the «ffects likely, in this respect, to flow from the oper- ation of the rival systems in Canada, from those which they have produced, in those parts of the British Empire, where they- have been .already long established. In England and Scotland, where they ex- ist apart— in Ireland where they are mingled together. gi, Letitr to I fie ftomurahte Mr> Stanley. C*nipai-ed with the population of the two countries of England ' and Scotland, what then is the relative amount of those offences be> tween man and man, which occur in them, and of which the laws take cognizance?-^— of murders, of robberies, forgeries, fraudulent bankruptcies, and the long list of criminal delinquencies f What is ' j the amount, estimated in the fiamie manner, of those transgressions which ar^ not directly under the controul of the laws; of licentious- . ness, of intemperance, of debauchery ? What, for instance, com- i | pared with their respectiTe population, is the proportion of illegiti-f | mate birtha in the two countries? ■'"'■'']' Or, to wliat extent have offence* against the state, seditious opin- , | ions, principles, actions, comblnationi to destroy the public tranquilli- ' ^ ty and. established government, prevailed in the southern, compared | with the northern part of the Island ? I We may safely leave the answer to those questions with our oppo- | ^- 'nents. ,, , Nor will their cause b6 in the ledst advanced by a reference to Ire- land. There they will find, that obedience to the laws, tranquillity dnd happiness, have kept equal pace with the progress of the Presby-f « terian faith. .^ I am willing to admit, «rhat may undoubtedly be urged, that other, causes than the iiiflueiiee of their religious institutions, have operated " in enabling the inhabitants of the northern parts of the British Isles, to derive more happiness from their lot, and therefore to be more con- torted with it, than those of the south. But, with all those admissions, there is a mass of facts remaining, sufficient to show very evidently, that experience does by no nieahs hold forth the Episcopal form of virorship, as more fitted than the Presbyterian, to promote the well - ' being aiM tranquillity of a British population.* .As far then as the mere prosperity of the coloiiy itself is concerned by the relative mea- sures in question,! hold that we have a decided advantage over our opponents. A^fc. We have now to connj^^which of the two measures is best cal- culated to diffuse among tl^in Canada, British habits and feelings. And here, at the first blush of the question, finding Episcopacy the established religion of the most extensive and powerful part of the mother country, I am willing to allow, that we might be disposed A to conceive, that as far as religiqus institutions form the habits and feelings, it were l^etter suited than Presbvterianism to give a British tone to the sentiments and affections of die Canadian population. But this first impression is dissipated by a more attentive considera- tion. ^ It must be admitted;^ that it is only so far as Episcopacy pre- vails in fact and reality, not so far as it is established in form and name ; so far as it is seated in the heart, not soferas the outward be- * I might here advert to the cainparative cipense which has h tberto attended the two citablishineiils, but thej_, have so often, of late, been coutrosted on tbit> ppint, that J belicTe it unnecesBtn",' • Letter to the Honour abieMr. Slanlei^. 9 ' England ' Fences be- I the laws raudulent What is Bgressions icentious- ice, coiti- )f illegiti- ■' ou.s opin- tranquilli- compared our oppo- ce to Ire- anquillity B Presby-f , hat other, t operated Eish Isles^ xiorecQn- Imissions, evidently, I form of the well- len as the itive mea- over our best cal- 1 feelings. »pacy the rtqf the disposed abits and a British tpulation. bnsidera- >acy pre- form and ward be- 'i haviourmay be bowed to it* observances, that ii can in liulily b*? said to enter into the composition of British feeling and character. Now, if, as I believe to be the case, Episcopacy is even in England ' the religion chiefly of the higher orders ; if it is largely dissented from by those in the lower walks of life v and if, even they who, in this class, submit to its ordinances, do so, not so much from choice as from ne- cjessity ; if so far from being really established in Ireland, the attempt to establish it has been a chief of the rBal Or nominal causes of the discontent and confusion that pervade that unhappy country; if, -again, on the othier hand, Presbyterianism is in truth and not in form established as the national, I may say, as the sole religion of Scot- land, an integral part of the Empire : if, in spite of the very differ- ent encouragement which the two have received in Ireland, its vota- ries there outnumber those of the other Protestant Churc^ ; and if in' Englaad, the ministry of the pastors, either of the dissenting or proportion as possible .of men place4«pie influential station of min- isters' of religion should be Britons, ^n. Strachan has himself stated that the late Bishop of Quebec found that " gentlemen of education and zeal in his Church, refused to forsake their homes and the en- dearing associations of early years, to come to st> distant and inhos- pitable a colony." • • \ ' 7_^ This statement seems perfectly correct, and liehce the proportion of Englishmen, by birth and education, who, in this {colony, form part 'of the English Church, is altogether trifling. ' The deficiency is sup- plied, by educating in , the colony, native Canadiaiisj (or the Church, and by making proselytes among the Glei^ of othjef Churches. On the contrary, ^e Scotch Clei^y of the natibiial Church, are, to a man, Scotsmen ;i and, from the cheapness of education in Scot- of he r Cl er i i iiere is no doubt. land, and the more mo4erate views that suitable encouragement in Canadi^ wouldT re^ily attract from o attended [ed on tbik J: 10 LeU(r to the HonourabU Mr. Stanley. ihence, auy additional number of Clergymen, of respectable abilities and character, that might be iieceiiary. Now, though it would be both prudent and ju»t, to place thenaUve Canadian on the aame foot- ing with these, and although this is a measure, which I am satisBed the Scotch Clergy in Canada are most anxious to bring about, and which I am assured they have every prospect of accomplishing, still It can scarcely be supposMl, but that it fair competition would leave a large openmg for native Britons to establish themselves in the res- pectable and inHuential character of pppular Clergymen. These are the men who, perhaps, of all others, have most power to promote that community of habits, feelings and aflfections, which bind us to the pa- rent country, ^ the strong ties of mutual sympathy and esteem i and that Church which promises to estoblish, throughout the colony, the largest proportion of such men, is in a particular manned desbrv- ing the protection of government. 7 I have now, in the third place, to consider' which of the twb sys- • *®"* " *^°** congenial to the state <)f society that exists in Canada, and tlierefore leasfr requires the aid of adventitious power for its sup- port* For, I assume it as a principle that, as our connection with the mother country arises not from any compulsatory circumstance, but from the reciprocal benefits that flow frdro that connection, force does notformanyof the bonds of bur political upion, and must always, when introduced, have a tendency to lessen the stability of that uni- on, and can therefore never, with safety, be brought extensively into acuon, nor ought ever to be employed but in cases of° the most ur- gent necessity. \ I am persuaded that the Church of England is not naturally adapt- ed to prevail m €anada, and that it can ttnly obtain an extensive foot- ing among us through compulsion ; whereas that of ScoUand is suit- ed to our desiresiind wants, and requires, but little encouragement to spread wide throughout the Colony, and to take firm root amone the popuUition of Bntish descent in Canada. To establish the former part of this conclusion, it is nQt^ngtesary for me to enter into any discussion concerning the 8uitabji<^nes8* the present 'stat^ of that Church, to the people of England. Even ad;nitting that she suits the state of that cptintiy. It folUjWs not thence that «he is adapted to the order of things in this. / We have jeen/that there are many circumstances in the nature of ttijgs wbichjedd to cement the unioiwf Great Britain and Canada, Dikid the operation of which, if we seekbot to establish it on less se- cure groumtt, must long, very long, preserve that union entire. But It CMinotl^e denied, that there are others, and founded in an equally immutable basis, that tend to separate the character of the people of the t^ countncs,and which render institutions and estabjishments that r-lv** •?' V t'* ** JP®*^P'® °^ ^^'^ °°^' 'ot*"y at variance with the liabitg a n d fedmgs of thos e of the othe r . We shall be satisfied of ■ I ^/this truth, If we attend to the different elements of which society is / composed m the one country and the other. 7"^*?*i ' J- Letter to the Honmrable Mr. Staidey. 11 In Britain there 1$ a Wide diversity of ranki, arising partly from the vesSg^. of thS^ -y^tem, partl/fronv the ^Tj^nje ac^^^^^^^ nf wealth which successful commerce and manufactures »«ve heapea u« TlleieSTproud and powerful Aristocracy, a persevenng and 3?istiS?.S^ridd£ class, a Jer orde. industrious -deed, *.u^ jedj 3 mmuellcd to make their wills bend to their necess ties, and suD m^ttoTh^mndarerrf All substantial power .sm Se £»Ss ofletstda^^^^^ the •ther. exer .sj direcTand precarious. It is widely different m Canada. Here, mo- Selndustry and prudence secure to every man competence and Sp'iSenjr EverJ^an thus feels, that he haf P?''«;{^f ^^-^i^; wish which is natural to all men-to have f J<>t.*C J^^hb nXal their interest or feelings. Nor is there any thmdto keep this natural , >'"SS[^ is not of that value, ancl^ not bo divided ;nel^ --^S^-^^bi^f^r^^^^ r^XLSl^irbvainfbrthe l^^jf-- f |- .'Vj^'^e" S^^ ^ him only endeavour, and let us hope and trust, that we may ever re Z kbdUer and better feelings for the country of ^"■^^'"southtin gk than it has been the fortune of events to give to our Southern "'Th^Snot. in truth, a prouder man than the Canadian (airmen mS^o SipirillJlhe is nJ; dependent on the assistance, scarcely plie" him iiSl the necessaries, and with *any/ the Wes ^of hfe ^4^^ materials of the house that sljplters him, and the fire that II hh^ he has found on his Own property ; the clothing that pro- fmnce to abundance, and placed them beyond the fear ot tuture warn . gence to aDunuance v ^ ^^ . . ent e roriso and p e r s evering in» X ii hete^Lre^byhis own successful enterprise, a 5 o^Ifhpi/Jo b/excused if these contemplations raise him m his ^' ■' ■S:^- ii' ' "'.' •r.» \i \ 11 ItlUr to the Honourable Mr. Stanhi/. ..^ , It is not difficult to v^^iTZ^ihlMna^ u^t^u"" the ground., society, and the forrS it U^^^^^^^^^ thu. pervade our pose/to the principle. a"d\pi;nrtnCa E^Jw^^^ "P" f/ enough to be governed govern—a clai. nr^dc in determining the form she w«.fn!' *r^ P^°P'* *•"<* °° ^^^e and nobles w^ould alone bf^^^^^^^^ ^""''Jt « «»ch as king, with her the riches iZxnLftt e t ^u "V"'^' ^^*« *'«''« ^'vidld session; the/ ha^e Jurifiedlier ^f th^^^^^^^ gant pretentions ofCnarent "i^V^f «'^'» '"P*"*"'"" and extrava- give any influenc^ to thSior It^^fi,"*? P*'' °*" '^''' P'«» »« were thWore enUreV fo.^5^ thlfronll T^''' ""^ '^^ P««P'« 'is.^ him. whom f ei;S;;';:r^C. '* ^'^ ''"^ "^^^^ o^^^:^:^ ^'^ condition of the Chu.h curiou? andelcgantlean^fi^^^^^^^^ PO-.e.siog much ings; having, in short all T«c ot pohshed manners and tine feel- "I^ walkfof HfeT^tSc^att'^^^ ■« '^- very general conch sionVthl?. .u^' *^""^'* *° *'''* as to all other ^^tJh^^S:^^ they will be tion, which are valued^by the b^dv nrl'*"'°'1 and strenuous exer- • cessary that he should njslal wZ° the people, andwhiph it i. ne. sioa on themZwSlSTnaJur^^^^^^^ '"P'*'- a^gured, that he Jo Zh^enTZJ' TT''''^'''^' '''' ma/rest tronage of men of ranklXrl^ t^^ thVpa- fine gentleman and scholar whiir hJ^!^hlv C^ ^? ^^"^""^ ^^^ his future prospects must K^n^^ 7u° ^."O'^' that the suecew of ' bulk of hi? hS ™ac" r and h^ ^«.!^P»»«^°» "^long the them religious feelings 3 S^^'hS *'^«^'"y, *» excite among fully, to aVire the f^^^^^^^^ ""'* '''^'■^^**'« "><»« »"«esf 18 this state of thfiiM l!f#l« - ^5* ""'"** °i.reveJation. But not only but it render^ S^eloauini I? ™"^ 'u '^^ S'^'^*^ of eloquence^ those of sup^i^r^ar; :, ! : :.!^ ^!y omy be .^iXd by v' \ -■^ .«( '■^ v' Letter to the Honour ahle Mr. Stanley. U \ ^ of those whom he chiefly addresies ; as St. Paul himself, when dis- coursing to a Grecian auditory, did not disdain to <}uote from one of their own poets.-— If seeking to win the attention of men of refine- ment and taste, whose minds have been trained to contemplate the whole course and operation of nature ; to consider the relations of its various parts, and their mutual connections and dependencies — the duties which his condition, as a moral agent, seems to impose on man, —and the beauty and excellence of virtue— -he will hold up the gos- pel as a means of reconciling the conflicting principles of good and evil, with the perfections of the Deity,— as pointing to that virtuous and lionourable path, which reason itself indicates, as assuring to ^ thoke who tread in it, a far more certain and splendid reward, than ^^ unaided reason dared to promise; He, again, who addresses himself to those who have had no lipisure to devote to those contemplations— who, but for the gospel, i/ould be left to commit, whatever their de- sires prompted and their opportunities permitted, will enlarge on the guilt of human nature, the boundless love of God, in devising and exr ecuting a plan for the salvation of creatures, so fallen and depraved, and, by dwelling on all those topics, which address the heart, dither than the understanding, engage the affections on the side of religion, seek to give it a placer in the soul, and raise it up, as a barrier to the approach of surrounding evil. — Thus, in seeking to attain the same end, the preacher will naturally vary his mode according to the con- dition of those to whom he directs his discourse. But besides this di- versity of manner in attaining the end, the end itself is not exactly the same. Moral delinquencies assume a lighter or darker shade, according to the degree of evil that results from them, and are consequently mea- sured to a certain extent by tl\e rank which the agent holds in society. It has been remarked by a celebrated author, '* that in every civilized ** society, in every society where the distinction of ranks has once " been completely established, there iiave been always two different *i schemes orsystemsof morality, current at the. same time; of which ^'Hhe «ne may be called the strict or austere; the other the liberal, ; ' '* or if you will, the loose system. The former is genereJIy admired ** and revered by thje common people; the latter is commonly more << esteemed und adopted by what are caSled people .of fashion, 'the *' degree of disapprobation with which wc ought to mark the vices of . " levity, the vices which are apt to arise firpm great prosperity, and. ** from the excess of gaiety and good humour, seems to constitute the *< principal distinction between those two opposite schemes or sys? " tems. In the liberal or loose system— ^luxury, wanton, and even. *< disorderly mirth, the pursuit of pleasure to some degree of intem- ' «' p e ranc e , th e br e ach of chastity, at l e ast in on e of the two j^exes, f •,-- A" ** &c;, provided they are not accompanied with gross indecency; iind *' do not lead to falsehood and injustice, are generally treated with a *' good deal of indulgence, and are easily either excused dr pAr<- y 14 LtUtr to the Honournble Afr. Stanle}/. •' doned altugetlier. In tlie austere fysteni, on the contrary, those " excc&tieg are regarded with the utmost abhorrence and detestation. " ITic vices of levity are always ruinous to the common people, and " a single week's thoughtlessness and dissipation is often sufHcient to •• undo a poor workman for ever, and io drive him through despair " upon committing the most enormous crimes. The wiser and better "sort of the common people, therefore, have alwayl the utmost ab- '* horrence and detestation of such excesses, which, their experience *♦ tells theni, are so immedia|ely fatal Up people of their condition.^- ••The disorder and extravaj^nce of several years, on the contrary, "will not always ruin a man of fashioii; and people of that rank are " very apt to consider the powci" of indulging, in some degree of " excess, as one of the advantages of their fortune, and the liberty " of doing so without censure or reproach-~as one of the privileges ?' which belong to their station. In people of their own station, tjiere- " fore, they regard such excesses, with but a sinall degree of disap- . "probation, and censure them either yprv slightly or not at all."* We muf t admit th^ observations to 6e, m general, just, and to have some truth, even When applied to the Professors and Preachers of Christianity. From all these causes, two sects exist, and must exist throughout Christendom. Hot and unreflecting men in eath, Jiave applied harsH terms to designate their opponents. The name signifies not very much ; it will, however, be allowed that theProtiestant Church, in the British dominions, is divided into two parti^'i, and that the Church of England is at the head t»f what Smith calls the liberal or loose sys- tem, and is opposed to that which, both from its doctrines, and its manner of inculcating them, will ever have most favour with the people. Such is the Church of England, and with all her imperfectionft—ih possessing her share of which, I am by no meffns disposed to allow that she ha$ escaped the lot of all terrestrial things— yet, as the Church of England, and when confined to England, I willingly admit that her existence produces many beneficial results, and that even her defects may be tolerated. Her Clergy forma link, an Imperfect one, no doiibt, but still, one that cannot well be spared between the lower and higher orders. They excel in all the gentle and conciliating virtues of charity and benevolence— and were the people of England, or even Ireland, questioned; though, I believe, they would not assent ttf their being the meii whose ministry they preferred to all others— they would yet, I am sure, bear willing testimony to their being a race of good and benevolent gentlemen, and kind masters, whom they respected f and loved, who Soothed the sufferings of their lot, and aided them to ' bear its^hakdships without repining or murmuring. >And as to the pomp a nd pW e r that wait on th e high er o r de r of her Cle r gy— it may /A no doubt, might hi. more^^eaTthrfc^^^^^ Th/'P'**' tence of «,ch feelings, however, prove, that .urh W . *""'" ou. tothe tranquilhVof theciuX and r*^^^^ government that .upjqrt. them ^' **»**»« P^<=««We rule of th. caM'otnT^^Ter^^^^^^ of E .^^^ .,,^ ^^^^^ pastor.. What would be their fJllnl. ?? choo. ng their own pointed a. in England ? how would i^^^^^^ ?"* their pastor. .,*. at least in all thft affect.' Z rt^ e«randTl! Tn^^^^^^^^^ ' T*' \y competent to form a judement of the n™K! V ™ !"^ P*'**'*' «d to hlTwant., bear to be tdd Mr A iJ?. k ' ''*'.*' ">."* "^"P^" ther to Lord B. or he « w^Thi^ Jil^''* *** "PP°'^'«'^ ^ " bro. gaging manner, and aTriatJavL^^^^^^^ 1!"^ «"' excellent dasucil .chofar or an .SmS ° k?"'*'°P ^m or even, he i. an .through all his clLS^/:iS^':^f'J^^ PO.W.S all the other qualities which W^peo^le luS di™ 'f'T'^^^^ yet, I^may safelV sa/, that the reelin^ra . fi.s bemg so appointed, must infallibly^genirote ^JJm S^^^^^ ture succe.., and mar all his utility R.TTrJv. "^ou Id blast his fu- ■uch as make a Treacher «iAi«MfnI «»wi^ i ! *°'^^h, are not it "' "^ W^J»-^ f fhey would thei«i^rr^l such an appointment as a «oY. 1 ••*"• ^an oppression ^o^whfch thev woulTnot Sif 3-^ '^°PP''""'°"» to submft. Let us rertSleTt ^tll» /m. ° ^^ disposed patiently theirneedofanZi^^S^,^^ ^ -whose zeal and industry are ind pfaZHT whf ^!!m. ?!■ *'''^'' waken in their breasts, and in tK JKf TF.Iw *i' ^'^ "*"^ '° *' ^eimpo«a.c^ehe|.ing..^^^^ Lelltt lo Ifif llitikourablt Mr. Sianh^- 17 ?en the con' bition to di- ;le with the Mice, which 1— what has in the only Itofullowlit i our good- e Province, e contrary, ott uneqai- t ii. the in. lings which at, warmly by his nu- to despite The exis- ry danger- rule of the . ?em better Jr light n Canada, their own astors a^- ve a voic^, If perfect- est adtipt- he is bro* y and en- i> he is an and went individual desirable, ike which 1st his fu. thequaJi- »»'are not ^U to the Canada. ■■ pression, patiently; they feel sir hearts' i the frailties and nufferings of this. You give then. one. who. we shall admit, is learned, renpectable and piourf, but whose discour«t-t seeni to thcni dry, cold, and unintelligible, and from whose mui«»try they con reap little citlujr of benefit or delight. ^ - He thinks he has discharged his duty when he has gone over the ritual of his Church, and read a learned and orthodox discourse, and in disposed to Uy the blame on the unhappy prejudices of his flock, if th6y bear him without attention or pleasure. They, again, naturally, contrast the feelings with which they listen to him, and the effiects on their conduct and happiness, which his labours produce, with the hap- pier results that Bow from iU ministry of some one whose acquire* menu are more fitly adjusted to their habits and wants ; they feel the ereat diversity ; they impute the cause of it to the preacher ; can it be supposed that they would not resent his being^ pfaced ?ver them without their consent, as a grievous injury; can it be beheved taat they would not seek, by all means in their power, to daaway^'ith tnt system that produced it. , > The history of the ReformaUon in Scotland, is the very reverse of that which had place in England. The Church of Scotland was fouhded on the complete overthrow of superstition and spiritual ty- ranny, and was raised up amid the principles of civil and religious li- berty, when these were in all the vigour which success and recent on- Kin could give them. Its original constitution and form declare th^ elements from whence it arose. These proclaim freedom within and without— they give to the people the choice of their own pastors, and establish an equality among the pastors themselves. The Clergyman is chosen by those, who are most interested in obtaining one, who may satisfy their wants, and who best knows what their wants are ; he looks only to God and his people, and, while he discbarges his duty to them, dreads the frown of no superior, ^ , This form of Christianity, so much more simple and less costly than that of Episcopacy, showa» by the condition of the people among whom it prevails, how well it is adapted for the diffusion of genuine religion, and the prlmoUon of general happiness and peace. There can be no questionlthat it U well suited to the state ot society in Canada.-- Its doclrinek have been characterised as calvinistical, austere, puri- tanical ; th^se terms seem to imply that it is the religion of the peo- i)le. Accordingly, wherever a similar form has been established, it has commanded their suffrage. Adam Smith remarks tlwt " the f« Presbyterian jClergy have more influence over the minds of the « comiiwn pfop^e, than perhapithe Clergy of any estabUshed Church, " and that \i is aocordinglyj only in Preabyterian countries that we " ever fmd the common people converted without persecution, com- '♦ pletely, and almost to a man, to the Established ChurcU • Its ble to a- ; sense, of J !m above «r Wealth or Nation^ B. S, C. 1. \ 18 .i' ■' oriKini.1 furm giving the election to the congregoiion, .uit- out- lih#r i« ong,j,.l .piri,, ,|„ch in S«,.l.„d h.. ni b.T«.tair£ b„7f In a word, whether wc regard the hapny effecti whirh •,!,««*«* warrant, u. to draw a. re.ulthrg from the^p^evEji of fteX "Tn urn among a p«,plc or the additional «rLgth of StlLet^ ' tZ* Parent Country, which it. diffusion would create or the f«r J i.C iCB« oi ail, can that of the Epucopacy of the cLrch of Emrluml Experience ha. hitherto .crvcd fullv to rortli3r..ii .? /;"?""*'• . vanccd .Th« rh„r/.i. ^e i? i i ^ cotmn ull that I have ad- feeble pmgre.^,hile that of ScotLnd. »nder"he prC^^™ rf ,S^ tt' '"■' r«'r' "[ '•» r"'" "•« >^' h" been wc r„^lj by the people— hai obtained a firm hold of their airMiiI.„. ff •i. ..ominal adherent, out-number, h„ ri,a i,^Z"rL7 *T .pread of Eg.c„p.cy having added to the ..oSc';f'B"i,Uh ,^1,™ riaif Jt °*^''*'""? *>" greatest .way, there ia the firmest seat loyalty and devotion to the cause of Britain-tlfcft the nWnl nl». her gojernment have been held in the grea"e.t T,ict a^nTZJ^ 2-of he^^endency, have ever mef the .o^^'^^^LTofo. lls'ierted by the advocates of the Church of En- "i^pnient given to that Church, must create in "lSiI° I ^"'®"' ^°"n*7. and that hef evikfephat thffe is a disposition on the part ■ K l^fc her banners. Botlnis- • -^W$°' ^* ^°"'** •"<'eed be a IthasindeS gland, that th» the people, a fee actual progress i.. of our population, sertions may, withi phenomeno; unp,^TOi„Vtor'5^l. »r°"'** '".^f^d be a rmpose a system Tt^i^^o:^:';::^; 2 a tS^'SVe" gard, and no one, who has had aS opportunityVob^S thf . 't itlt'^i^eff"'''''"/ ^^"^""^^^ •" ^'^-^'^>^'^^^^^^ manifests itself, can. for a moment, believe that this countrVis S to form a n exception to a g c n «. r«l r .. t» — a^a * r!- ^"'v '« '"tely h's «ra.i:'tr ^"' r ■*• "" ^^rted^'ofwhrr: tias actually been. These classes may be reckoned four : - ^. ■i t< out- li)b«r« ition of our '"K in reali- influence of tie out of a •inrd to the ally reiume *hi>d, but i§ he form re* experience 'cibyterian- nent to the the facility her form of vith it. and Bnglaml. I have ad- ?y liberally .'ertain and 'ure of the supported f and even ir from the ih feeling, been only ogrcM has he religio nest seat ' inciples d the e(,_ ned oppo •eh of En- ■ create in d that her n the part Both as- deed be a olently to their re- the spirit 50 clearly f is likely 1st. Those who tiun of English adherence t class /.tUir h lh« Ihnnurahl* Mr. SUanhif. nt IS If(Cii] tho 1 It lUed her natural followers. The poputa- or descent, who have preserved their Chyrch of the Mother Country. This (1% for the proportion of settlers of English ■iiuill, and of these many are dissenters. The Irj^h, are lloman Catholics. HL'contj cta^ consists of those who may be called her na- proselytes,' oeoause their feelings and principles have made r)| them so. It has been said, that the Church of England, when com- pared with other forms of Protestantism, is the religion of a gentle- man. The remark savours of illiberalit^ ; yet, we have seen that the form aAd doctrines of that Church do, m truth, render it more attrac- tive, than its severe and more rigid rivals, to those whose station in life gives greatest latitude to the pursuit of pleasure, and whose minds the refinements of nciencc and taste have rendered more fasti' dious. The numbers" of this class of her votaries, are determined, by ' the increase of abundant wealth and refinement; I suspect it must, therefore, be long confined within very narrow bounds. The next two classes have been produced by the direct operation of wealth and power. Sd. There are men whose religion sits so loose about them, that they change it as a garment, according to the caprice or convenience of the hourt^for these, what is said to be the Established Religion, being the most fashionable, and sometimes the most lucrative, will always have charms. The causec which tend to increase this class^ must cease to act, should the Church of England be put on the same footing with that of Scotland. 4th. T!He fupplli class has been formed,, and is measured by the direcrlUllnce of tlie funds which the wealth of the Church, aided by government, enables it so easily— to scatter over the wilds of Ca- nada — the seeds, as it hopes, of an abundant harvest in future. £200 sterling, a year, is the sum which the Church is enabled to give her missionaries. This certain income, with the prospect of some addition, is fully sufficient, in Canada, to induce respectable men to , accept the office. These are placed in the remote and thinly scatter- ed settlements, where the icant|' meant of the inhabitants have not enabled them to provide for a pallor, and even, though the form of protestantism, which they profess, may not be tliat which the people would prefer, nor the pastors themselves of the stamp they would de» . gire— they must still, to a certain extent, attract congregations. >-— This state of .things can only have place while the meansof set- ' tiers are limited ; it must cease when their increasing prosperity ena- bles them to provide pastors more suited to their tastes and necessi- ties; it is, in fact, so ceasing;* and it would cease imn»ediately, were the incumbents to be thrown on the unaided«resources of the popula- « ogress, if e motives vhat that * Dr. Straclian's Sermon on the death t>f the laic Lord fiibhop of Qiicbce— P: li>. sa i»t-tf- Ltttir Uvthe HonourfAle Mr. Stanieij. tittn. No candid ohieryer will awert.lhot the attachment of thift class whoae memben coniHtijite the main body of her nomitel follower*, is very strong or secure ^o the Churdi, whose ministry, the force of circuBiatjiincea now lead^ them to attend. Thus, then, it appeats that the Church of England is naturally contracted within the riarroir limits of the first and second classes, and IS indebted tor the pominal footing* she has obtained among the others—not to any qualifications or merits of her own, but solely to the influence of adventitious circunostancw. And, with all the aid, wluch these circumstances have afforded her, it is well known to- «rery one, acquainted nfith the state of the country, that the ground — A» occufues aiiKMig us, is contracted and insecure. The most conclusive evidence, that can be produced on these points, i# that tvhich WM given to the select Committee of the House of As- aembly of Upper Canada. That Committee examined no less than 51 gentlemen of all parties, on qu^tions arising out of the policy wtachtheChutcb of England has hitherto successfully pureued in this'Province. The result of its labors is highly deserving the at- tention of all, who are interested in ascertaining the real state and sentiments of the people on religious matters. I select two of these questions, and give^a summary of the anfiVers. Question 4ttK Is the tendency* of the population of this Province towards the Church of England 5 ifet -pceadihg over the Province ? Answer, by Ekter Wilham Case. I believi but a very small por- JT u^®^P**^"''!'°"™,^"*'*'P""'^®'y •Pe*'''"g) »«ttached tothe Church ^ England, The progress of her establishment is very slow, compared With that of some other denominations. This may arise , rrom various causes as ' Jst. From a dislike irthe people, to her ceremonies and forms of worship. . ' . 2d, From the matter and manner of pree<;hing. 3d, From a want of proper exercise of disci^ine among her Wm- bers and professors; and, in some instances, from (as the people con- sider it) the unchnstuin-like conduct of her Clergymen.' Answer by the Rev, James Richprdson. I believe, from what knowledge I have, that but a small portion of the people of this coun- trjrare members of the Church of England, compared with some oiber denommation«~and though it has increasedin the number of Its Churches and Minister^, yet, I believe, it does not increase in its number^_ members, in proportionto the increase %f the fopulntion of the Rroymcc, To my certain knowledge, many of her members Jfeve withdrawn themselves from her communion, and joined them- selves to the Methodists. J r" "■«■». This may arise from several causes, principally from the want of a Christum ifasciph n e being exercised, and a dislike to certain pra^rir^ ot some of her Ministers. ^ ;' . Answer by Dr. Dqnlop. Warden to the Canada Company :— letter to the Honourable Mr. Siwley. 21 >f thift class, rollowera, is he for<;e of is naturally md daases, amoDff the It solely to ill the aid, known to* he ground ese points, use of As- > less than the policy lursued in n^ the at- . state and J of these Province 'rovince? imall por- id to the ery slow, nay arise forms of er m^m- >ple coD- m what is coun* h some ntiber of )e in its 3ulatton lembers I them- nt of a actices In the first part^f the question, I would say, Xrertamly not— Jbe- cause. Among the Catholics, proselytisrti is very uncommon. Ihe Presbyterians and Methodists lire averse to a set form of worship : «nd to the former, sponsors in Baptism form a bar to their uniting with the Church of England. I have known more instances than one, ^^ when Presbyterians, living at a distance from a Clergyman ot their— ^ own communion, have attended the Church of England, and even re. ceived the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, after her forms, who came upwards of 80 miles to have their children baptised by a Min- ister of the Kirk of Scotland. . , To the second part of the question, 1 would say, that the Uergy ire spreading over the Province; but that their congregations are not _ large, nor could they, without assistance, support their Clergy^ James Lyons, Esq., M. P. I am decidedly of opinidn, that the ten- dency of the population of this Province, is not towards the Church of England, and it is not spreading over the Province. The Honourable Thomas Clark. The tendency of the population of this Province, is not towards the Church of England, the Pastors , of which are spreading in the Province. . ■, . \ ^ TheHonoqrabie ThomasfBaby./ Ihayejndt ascertained that the teiidency ot the major part of the populStion of this Provmce, is to- wards the Church of England. There are, already, many English Churches erected in the Province; but, except in ouf largest towns, Itoelieve they are but thinly attended. . ;, . • l ^u There are forty-four answers given-^ll in 8 similar strainj.with the exception of— 1st., The Attorney General of the Province, John B. Robinson, Esq., who state? that he has observed that, whenever a pious and kind Missionary of the Church of England is stationed m any populous part of the Province, he speedily acquires a numerous congregation, and that many individuals join it, who were, before, considered as belonging to other religious denominations. But adds, " How far this might be the case, if such persons had, at the same place, pious and enlightened Ministers of their oWn, I cannot pretend to say." And fiirther—" The Church of England is rapidly in- Creasing." r t t r» i u ; This latter assertion is best explained by the answer of John Kolph, ^f by the "tendency 1? _ nj p The other exception is that of P. Van koughnett, Esq.. M. f . He states that—" in his own district, (the Eastern,) the tendency to- n 22 LtUtrIa the lUmmaUc Mr. Stunieg. Answer by Elder William Case. « If ^e eonsJdpr .».„ ' V portion of abLt 1 tffS ' f rIf/S •"""''' '," 1"^ °Pi"ion» the pro- communicants of the Ch.,rnh IJ p^ i ? ' *?^ proportion of the other denomina^ons IS inmJ^n • ?"^ ^J'^' '^"^ '^^ communicants of In flhnuf I : » ' "^ opinion, about 1 to 18." • farlri^rdl.o,''^^^^^^^^^^ Company. «« So from one-tenth to oneSghS,""'-*'''^ "'' ^"' ^'""*^'^- ^ ^""'i-'^y RvSn^ ^ V?" Koughnett. Esq. M. P. " I cannotteip noPlS;^C-;S^^-ney Gene... . I^t .no. numer'Sus. is one of the mnl Presbytenans, if not the most are ^^^^ U^x^^J^T f /"^f ««='• '"^^^ -»»ich ^h^ ters from the Church of Scot?/n?K^'^'^''-^^."'' ""^"y are diien- tenets of both arele Lme ta u^i" Vr^'"." '^ '^^^ the « a difference of oSHn thp I^* ^^ S'*'""^ °^ separation, can never have plaS^rthl ^^'^ ^f P«»'-^"«g^> « q^eslfon tha sual circumstanSs thTf?^ tl ' "^'^ ^PP^^"" *° *»« O'^'ng to ca- littb doubtC^lS^Shl'td'lf^'T^^^ in the -limits of tL StiS rtJ f ^^'^^.^.^^on^Preherided with- given to the CommittL Ttl HoIk^- ^l '^'\m^^> the evidence The 10th questTJn L-!'' Wh«^T ^^•^^^^'"^ly' ^ " ' « » decisiv e . rvovinc^rSot^'r,^-:: i^'. ^!?:'"^s°" o/chnsti;;i;^'S^hi. piost^noinerous ?' .'->-'*■ '■'^->^c>r»' LelUr to the Uonourahh Mr. Slanhy. 23 ■ I •: things for thrj The. witnesse&^are here divided between the Methodists and Pres- byterians, the majority inclining to the former, but unifortnly giving their answers in favour of the one or the other. Indeed, there seems little question that, if left to its unaided resources, this Province would present the same appearance in religiotis matters, that the Uni- • led States do. There, I believe, the Methodists fofji^ the most nq- merous sect, and the Pre«byterianfl rank next— tlie forlner acting as pioneers, and spreading themselves over all the newly settled (coun- tries— the latter coming after them, and gradually gaining ground as , the people become able to suppprt regular Preachers. This state of rally takes place, where no funds are provided by the State, - ;ious wants of those, whose situation prevents them fron^ ' J Clergymen of education, from their own unaided resour- , re the Methodists rapidly diffuse themselves, and though tl»emare, of course, devoid of any pretensions to learning, and dre actuated merely by a sort of blind zeal-^yet, unquestiona- bly their labours are, on the whole, productive of great good. They, however, who are best judges of human nature, will, 1 believe, agree with me in thinking^hat the advantages which morality and religion would derive from the state giving moderate support to preachers of a higher order, who would avoid exciting that spirit of fanaticisin and delu^ot), which too often subsides into total apathy, would amply re- ^ pay the expenses attending the measure. With this support, I be- lieve that Presbyterianism would take the iQpd of any denomination of Christians in North America; ' I conceive that I have now fully proved my third head of argu- ment, and have established, that the feelings of the Protestant pop* ulation of Canada are as decidedly oppose4 to the pretensions of the English Church,* as they are naturally disposed to yield to the more moderate claims of that of Scotland ; and that to give the reins to some church politicians and render the Colony, as they express it, English, by forcing over us a church establishment, like, that of England, were a policy no less unwise than dangerous. It has already been acted on to an extent that has alarmed every true friend of Britain^ and of ' Canada, and if persevered in, every succeeding year will, I am satis- lied, serve further to demonstrate that it is both impracticable and un- safe. Could we ever suppose its supporters to be ultimately so far successful as to establish It in Canada as the dominant reli^on, I am persuaded that their triumph would be but of short duration. Let us just carry forward our vie^yis a little till the period when the dreams of "our sanguine projectors are to be realised. Let the Church of England thriviB and prosper ambng us, let her clergy rule oyer us, and let them be put in possession offioh a portion of the good things of the Land, as may be consistent w/th her dignity, and with the share she claims in her native England/ /We shall adroit that as a body they might belea r n e d, and re3p e ct.4bl c ;.but th e n, by the constitut i on of their Church and the care of Government, they would beindepen- wsr^ 124 IJv LeUer to the HotntutabU Mr. Stanley. pendent of Uic people, and therefore feeling, and unavoidably ehowinif, that the opinion of their flock is of little consequence to them, and, m they are men, allowing the besetting sins of power and affluence to have dominion over them. Would such a body be able to guard against the progress of dis^ sent? If among the needy and pampered population of England it has made alarming progre8s~if,already, here, we find churchmen com- plaining, that, "even where Churches are erected, the persons who give regular attendance are so few as generally to discourage the min- ister, and that his influence is frequently broken or injured by numbers of uneducated Itinerant Pl-eachers, who, leaving their steady employ- ment, betake themselves to preaching the Gospel, from idleness, or a zeal without knowledge,"^ what would be the case then ? Assured- sul-edly the^number of these would mightily increase, and they would be ot a higher order ; the increased prosperity of their hearers would call to the station men of more talent and education ; their cause wouW prosper— dissent would advance with rapid strides— and what a seine would the aspect of affairs then present— a clergy supported in affluence, by the resources, of which Government had put them in pos- session— apeople-disliking their Ministry and withdrawing themselves from It— Such a state of matters could be supported by nothing but absolute force.^The population would demand, that the resources of the country should be expended for the benefit of the country, and not tor the support of a clergy, whose labours they neither wanted nor ' accepted. Government might think itself pledged to support them ; discontent and murmuring would arise ; confusion would follow : the burden of Ebiscopacy would be thrown off, even at the risk of casting offalong withit,the>llegiancetothe Mother Country.— Canada is not lingland ; Episcopacy can never be the dominant religion of this Colony.— To^imagine that it wUt be so, to image forth Bishops and JJeanswid Doctors, in due gradation of dozens and hundreds and thousands,t reposing, in state and security, on th^ abundant produce ottouror^ve millions of acres, and on the dutiful obedience of the flock^ over, whom they preside, ia no doubt a goodly vision to a churchman s eye— but it is a mere vision.-.To attempt to render it a reality, would assuredly at no distant period produce discontent, com^ motion and separation of interests and affections— perhaps of Govern- ments. *^ But it may be urged— you draw a picture "of things which we never contemplated ; we mean hot to raise our ehureh to that height of prosperity, which she has attained at home— we mean not to say that J^j^M^^ve^^^^antages ought to be here, what they are in England or * Dr. Strachan's S«rmon on the Death of the late Lord Bwhop of Quebec, p. 19. t ixt. Stcacliai i eat « -ei ii5 two thousafld a very small number ■ I Letter of the fiUhop of Quebec. u- . \ LcUer to the Honourahle Mr. Stantey. 25 the ButleHncask you, why thus limit her pretenwoM? you cannot surely mean to say that she has assumed a rank in those cotintn«8 to which she h not entitled, and which she ought not to maintainj^ You are accustomed to hold her up as a venerated example of all that is feultless in discipline, and perfect in doctrine ; and if you have any •regWd to consistency, you must confess^ that it would be your wish am endeavour to assimilate her condition in Canada, to that full per- fec ;ion she has attained in the parent state. The only consistent an- swrryoucan give is— " We cannot." «• We know alas ! that we are umibie to accomplish it."-The force of this reply I admit; I art at leajt as well satisfied of its being incontrovertible, as you can be your- selves. But what I assert is, that, as far as is in your power, you will endeavour to compass, what to you seems an end so desirable.^ Your prtjudices blind you to the danger of the attempt ; your personal m- terests prompt you to it ; motives which, with yoor belief, are blame- less, cVen praiseworthy, hurry you on till you would^put to thc^haz- arj the tranquillity of the Colony and the interests of the Parent State. It lis to the wisdom of the British Government, not to your prudence, thkt we must look, for restricting you to that rank, with which the in- tefests of Britain and Canada alike require, that you should be con- tented. . . , , . .. .. Having now I trust shown, that* even setting right and justice alto- cether aside, and regarding the question as one of expediency,^ the daims of the Church of Scotland to the support of the British Gov- ernment, arc superior to those of the Church of England, I have proved what I undertook to establish, and I might here conclude. It has, however, been the unhappy, but natural tendency of the over, bearing spirit and pretensions of the Church of Englandy to produce a prejudice in the minds of many, agaihst all church estabhshments, and to cause many respectable individuals to believe, that it were tor the interests of Canada, that no Church should receive more^protec- tion than another from the Government of the Country. The near neichbourhood of the United States— which, following up this^ sys- ten?, connectsnot the church estabUshment with the state, andis yet without question the most prosperous, and is rapidly rising to be one of the most powerful of the Empires of the civilized world— has also much increased the numbers of those, who hold these sentiments. Were this opinion correct, it would at once settle the^esUon, by establishing the propriety ^f Government's withdrawing its support from both Churdhes, a measure which they, who hold it, seem to urge. As 1 cannot, however, acquiesce in this conclusion, you wiU allow me to state very shortly, the reasons which lead me to dissent froni it In my opinion, several very considerable and substantial advanta- tages aiise from the Ministers of Religion being connected with the state, and, in part, supported by it. ^-. . . . . 1st. Great part of the expense necessarily attending their mamten- ance may in this way be drawn from sources, which are least burdensome f'.' 29 iMUr IQ the ItonournbU Mr. Stitnliff. i, r\ »/y. Without recurrine to the TuS \^°'''^' t^'f general vrosper^ attendine to whai; orr..« ijT ^ ^"' be ^ufficientlj shown, by C"an/for SSn^ tS cfc '"'^ «J arrangement ha8%I«ce. * ij ofland. Thfsu^ ;S^h^ .P «''^/'''e% Pai* by the proprietors effect than th^rf Sc n7frl .1 "u™ "" *''^*"' *>«« ''"l*^ "tb/r hence tKrgenlSprpriv of th^^^^^ ^'^^ ^^° ^'^'''> «"^ mdcethelaUercLtmhSfl-i- '°T^J ""^J' ^0">d Jtend to necessaries and, by tlusSw W^ ^ Tw" ^>«''« "^ ^o^forts or even a result, the 6vi of S J^^L^ '^! "^^^ °f «°^'«' ^'^^ P'-^^ucc landag;ina.SlS1h"SS^^£l^ ^-Eng- proprietors of land- but hL VhJ^Li^®''^^' -'"* S''^^' ««*«"*» set Vrt to the Church i t luld uP^Pf 3^' ^^-^X- ^^us hold, not been the.?\,eing noT^^ ^S^fet^K"^^* ""^ *'^^g-^'^' raoh good of the Society It 3.U i > ^^''? S°"® '° the com- a 3gss probably monuxuriourln^fef''^ bave supported -ners than thoseVwhom rnow Z.Wn ,J?"^'Mt«''y.in their man- the church est^blishm^ ":? eS ani^^Sm^ t^' -«^ IP^' arise, is notthat they hold proDttv to Pvf^n.lT^^^ '[ any evd does for a purpose, to w4lfSnrSllDh^ by some such servfce as delW.^^ P ^ it~they might have held it King, and tiJ^^^Su^t^"^ R'PP''' ^'^^^ ^^^'^^ *° ^''« but as it was gran ed^em Si as quietly as any of the gentry ; if th e y do no t S^/^ t ?n^T °f '^^'^^^f '"^ ^"^^ P^°P^ instruction they wish .ho np^. ^^i '^^ "?' ^'ve them that sorl of »ey wlit,, the peopl^_ look on them avpossessing riches Lttler /u the UunourabL' Mr. Slaulei/K 27 .1 to whiuli tliuy urc hot entitled, as unjustly liulding tlie reward of the discharge of (iuties, which others must be paid to perform. Hence disscntion, discontent and commotion arise, evils overbalancing the ndvafitage of the expense of the clerical ostablisliment being in a great measure defrayed by the funds, which are most easily spared (br the purpose. But it is only to the misdpplication of the pnnciple, that any objection can be made ; the principle itself is sound ; and hence the establishment, on funds arising from the revenue of land, of a body of men, who would truly perform the duties of Christian instruc- tors, would be a real good. Some may doubt, whether the Church of England is a benefit to England, and others may regard her, as of the greatest evil to Ireland ; but no one, well acquainted with Scotland, win deny that her Church has been productive of a great share of all that is good and lovely in the land. 2d. An established Church seeks to pineserve its respectability, by admitting none to take upon them th^ Mihistry> who have not made a decent progress in learning and science. Hence the general ad- vancement of science and learning is promoted, and the interests of religion and morality dp not suffer at the hands of unskilled and in- judiciqus defenders. ^ \^ - 3d. A body of men, from education and habit, friendly to the prevalence of peace and concord among mankind, and prompted by interest, to avoid all causes of commotion and civil controversy, as en- daggering an order" of things, which secures to them comfort and re- spectability, seems a useful alloy to the violent operation of those principles, which govern the motions of states, where the chief power is in the hands of the people ; such a body, like oil tlirown on the stormy waters, calms the turbulence, and diminishes the danger of popular commotion. - I do not think, that the Unitied States can fairly be brought for- ward, inopposition, as an instance of good, arising from a system which throws the care of religion and jts Ministers entirely on the people. Many circumstances, quite unconnected with this, have united their influence, to give to the inhabitants of that extensive country, an un- equalled degree of prospeiity and power.* So far from the want of a religious establishment having proved beneficial, it is, I am persuad- ed, a defect in the constitution, and has checked the diffusion of con- cord and happiness. In this opinion t am joined by some of the most liberal and zealous defenders of the rights of mankind.*^ The interests of rdligibn and virtue must suffer, when the exertions of thieir defenders are cramped by the fear of approaching indigence and distress. The ininisters of feligidn ought surely to be preserved from aH harrowing anxieties, concerning temporal affairs, and, though removed from the vanities of tlie world, to b€^» exempted as much as- possible from its cares. In the States they are merely the hired ser- >Iubly. :^ SI laUif to the HonourabU Mr. UtaHhy. vaoti 6f their Coiigregationg, lioltKng. their lituationg from one l^rra of yeariunto another, and congequently, exposed to be thrown looac up- op the world, whenev^l' their own in6rniities, or the caprice of their hearen mav lead to the behef, that they are less fit than fortnerlv, to disch^ge the duties of their office. If we take, in conjunction with this, the very limited extent of their incomes (averaging I am assured less than J^ISQ corrincy per annum) )we shall be disposed to allow that they can scarcely possess that independence, or hold that rank in ■ociety, wWch would draw men of education into the ministry, or give full effect to the efchortations they deliver. Besides, I am led to believe, that the burden of maintaining a well qualified Clergyman, has beeh felt to be so severe, when it had to b^ borne chiefly by the poorer classes of society, as in many instances to have kept the people without Pastors, or to have contributed to the appointment ofpastors of less respectable acquirements than wcrp pbeiyished. From these causes, our Nprth American neighbours have, I believe, a greater sprinkling of fanaUcism, and are somewhat \en mottA and less religious, than if the ministers of religion had been 9onnected with the state, and supported by it. They may shortly feel other evils arising from this defect in their constitution. That rivalry Zl'^^T^^^^^^^'y^^^^^ »>etween the sections of their extended empire, must be met by a spirit of mutual forbearance and concession, or must ultimately terminate in the dis- spl^twn of the confederacy, and the conversion of that fair portion of the globe into a scene of commotion and bloodshed. The ministers of an established church, forming a bond of connection between the rejnotest parts of the most extensive dominiorts, and prompted no less by interest than dutjt to maintai|A|t connection, to allay the heats ofcivd controversy, and to cher«pace and good will among the people, whose devouons they d^, would have been the natural guardians of th^ unity of their Empire. iFor these reasons, I must think, that, in this^ case, the.United States • hold forth to us an example, not to be imitated, but avoided : and it seemstoine^hat theony fit answer, that theycan make, who most admire the^character and maxims of their legislators, is not, that in this c^ they have acted wisely, but that they afcted, as they were un^ypidedly compel ed to act. At the time of the separation of her Swtr fe "'^?S''"'- ". ^''°".*^^ ^"^ Cpuntry^all controlling power being withdi^wn, it was impossible for any one of the numer- ous nval s^cts to be raised over all otliers. It isvery differAitin Canada ; this country is in the very act of assuming a form, and the people ofacquinng a character. That formand character must, in some " measure at least, be determined, by the influence which Great Br?t! ai^ exerts, nor does it seem to me, that that influence can be. in anv jj^ay, more powerfully and beneficially exerted, thanin the formationof ih^ rehgioAis establishments, which may be raised up, by its fostering Mte^In thwcase, thexircumstances gf the times, and the principle ofjustice and sound policy seem to point out one course. " ^ > ouraUe Mfi Slanhif. S9 Th«3 two National Churches claim with jufltlcc the protection of the National (lovernmcnt: itU the interest of that Ciovcrnmont to protect them, and there are at present, at its disposal, funds, in my opmion, fully adequate to meet every exi>en8e, to which this protection may ^'''itTeims to me that the Clergy Reserves, if put undcrproper man- aKcraeiit, would yield a revenue perfectly adequate to this purpose,-- Hitherto, it is true, they have been almost entirely unproductive ; but I am disposed to ascribe this circumstance to the system, which has been adopted in their management, having been formed, without due recard to^he circumstances of the country, and the character of the Bottlers. Hitherto these lands have been offered to lease, for terms of only 21 years. Now this period, though sufficiently liberal m Oreot Britain, is altogether too short to meet the views of th6 Canadian Set- tler. Those, who seek to. occupy wild lands, in tins country, have made many sacrifices, and encountered much distress, ere they could even place thcmselvesamong us ; they are prepared to make still grea- ter sacrifices, and to task their endurance yet more severely, but they bear without repining the hardsliips and privations, to which they expose themselves, because they regard them as the price they have to pay for ultimate comfort and independence. Were they to give up the hopes of one day securing these to themselves and families, thev must look on all they have already done, a^ thrown away, and would lose the chief incitement to future exertion. It is evident therefore, that leases of uncultivated land, for a term of years Of which most, who come with an iuientioi/of settling in Canada, have a pros- nect of sceingaconclusion.afcwhich time were, they to accept them, they and their families wotild be again thrown-unpi^videdTor . on the world, are not very likely ^^..^ ^^T'^^n '°"? "• h'k.^n" sides this, ifany one takes a l(/t of wild land m Canada, with lie m- tention of living on it, and drawing his subsistence from its cultiva- tion. 21 years is a period in general too short to repay him for his ne- cesiry trouble and expense. He must build a house to dwell in.^a barn to secure his grain, and stables for his cattle ; his lands mdst t>o fenced, and perhaps they may require to bedrained. .^hese^improve- ments absorb the greater part of the capital, which his yearly labour 'accumulates, and, at the period when he is just be^mmng to reap the benefit of them, he is required to surrender them to another, ^or th^e reasons, no man j)f prudence and perseverance will accept ef any of these lots, for the purijose of settling upon them; and^such ot "them as are leased, are, therefore held by those, who own adjoining farms, and who, by obtaining a leasccan more conveniently pillage these lots/of whatever valuable timber, or other natural productions they contain, instead however,of leases of 2 1 yea r s, w e re th ese lands offered for terms of 70, 80, or 100 years. I am persuaded that a 1 = vervllarffe portion of them would,|in no long period, be taken up by ac- r:-r tu^ MttleJs. There is a certain class of settlers to whom such lewes ' would be invaluably ^ I. /I^" .'JO Idler to ihi nonomaUf Mr. Stanleif. plan .„d dirccf ,. J. Xiiro't'utr' ltX|^^^^^^ ' journey, ■oiiic iifccniarv euols and ulon.M. «„ l „ ."."•"'"o o( the may^bc able to .avc from their wa«eL r St nTr. « *• *^ »or their purno«o. Year* art. thn. ;„ni;. ki " '""' sufficiei.t grant, anj vTry ofte»Terl attaSh L'"'''""''1 ^ ^''^ ^"''* cs on him, or he vields to rl?.*!! • " P^T"**'' oM agb prew* new habit; and L'e.^^'mannt 0X1!?^ "'r'"™"^"^ '^'^^ " aturely, and sinks under tirf.rf:»? '^^' ''^ '"^ »''''« "^^ pren* >« diutdy; his labour though notTcon,^^^^^^^^^^^ f^'"" '>"""^- more liberally paid when reau red nrn i • ^ demand woiihl be every hour not othemise oTJIcniE'?'""' '"T^'^ ?**' ^^'^^P*^""' °"^ on his own farm. {\olo3onTl^ ^^[^oy^^ moH pUtably extend. "^" '"' ^"""^ """ "'"l^'^'"" '>o not commonly nc^^'fsISS^l^^i^-l;- '^;-|p^^ In up: I ha'O "•onUoTOd 'ifco!«:^^ 'or 'l-e period, ih. remainder, £6,000; ™dd ■„„„'• •"'''?'' "f "•"""gen.ent ; | sufficient for all theiM iSi P,^??'"'°,V,' f°™ » revenue, fully! will,p,ob.bly,foV^°fe^i^'4^°trvea^^^^^ ■>h.ch , properly a pplicl. „ouM b l S.^I,,S !."8'" '° "P«"-°"J ■ "nicli, propwiy a p plied w ou U l „. .1" " -""."B"' s, in the Church of which he might be a member. Further, for every six Clergymen, of either Cliurch, so establisheH in the Province, I would propose that one missionary, travelling from place to place, as he might be directed— by the Bishop, if of the Church of England^^ by the Presbytery, or Synod, if of the Church of Scotland^ — should have an allowance of £200 currency, from the general fund. Afiier providing for these objects, any overplus that n)ight remain, should be applied to the purposes of general education. There are said to bcj about 240 townships actually surveyed ; these, were Clergymen placed throughout them, on this plan, would ultimately require l-SO settled Ministers, and 80 Missionaries. 480 Ministers, at ^^125,^ould amount to j£'60,000 — 80 Missionaries, at Jp200, would require j6 16,000— altogether -476,000. The whole reserves, in the town- ships, contain upwards of 2,200,000 acrcs^ — and let uis suppose that these, when the population of the Province has filled up the town ships now surveyed, are rented at only one shilling per acre^this would give a revenue of upwards of .til 0,000, leaving a balance of more than l^'J+.OOO for the expense of collection, &c.^^nd for the . purposes of general education. : /' tant )uld lere lore sr '^;v u UUtr to ike lioHourabh Mr. mantty. It u |.robuljli!, however, that lung ere Ihhi period coulirnrrlvo, ma. iiy change* w«ni|n, I havu mudo them viiry hiw—that, as fur an we can nt prenent diicover, theaohcme 1 propose, BtJtm* |»er»L'ctly practicable. I own, that to me, aome auch plan would iiceni to poiaetia many ad. vontogea, and not to be exiMiaecl to the objectiona of ony party. It niforda a prospect of eatabliahing one or both of the Churchra, on a firm and extended imaia, an event which, I believe, would be of Uic greatest pod to both (Tanada and Great Britain. It regulates the progrcaa of both, by what catli maintoina or posaeales— of the ott'ectiona of the I)c«)ple. Aa lur aa they poaaeas tliese, it must be allowed by oil. hat their ought to bo supported—and if they do not poaaeas "ihem. tne und* m «jueation go to u purpoac of the greotoat ocknowlcdged utility. It throwa a greot part of the burden of supporting the Min- istcrs of religion on u fund, the revenue arising from the rent of land, on whicli I have endeavoured to show, it yi moat advantageous for the society that It should fali. Hy rendcriiW the lands reserved, of ad- vantagjeous occuponcy to many settlers, i1 rcmovcM, in a great mea- sure, ^he ehiel uljjtctiyn to their being retained, namely, their bcinir a bar to improvement, ° An opinion, I am uwarc, has gone obrond, that thew lands have Oeenof thegn:uc«t detriment to the Colony, nnd that they ought to be sold oil by government. I must observe, Iiowever, that though, as presently managed, they operate to the prejudice of the Province, tnq evils arising from tliem, have been considerublv exaggerated from causes which I shall state. , Ist. Haying been taken possession of by a Church, whose nreten- smns arc very unpopular, they have shared in the odium, with which her ejforbitant claims arc regarded, - 2d. Ewry one remarks the much less rap|d>ogf ess that we moke, than our American neighbours, in improving and enriching the Couii- ' try. Iruth ond candour vro\x\ili lead to the conchision, that this must mainly arise, from our population not having yet attained that spirit ot enterprise, ond that knowledge of the best mode of proceedmir. which so admirably fit the American, for extroQting every possible good from the moteriols, which nature has spread over the continent. But, the vanity natural to man, throws the blame of any foiling off", ,lrora his own shoulders, to those of others-and tlic Canadian culti- vator 18 thus inclined, to accuse the government, as the sole cause of ^ that short-commg, of tvhich, at leost, a great shore ought to be ottri- ■ >buted to himself. Of qII the meosures of government, that he can connive to oper at g to his pr c judice-^that of r e s er ving a Bevunth part ot the lands unoccupied, most meets his fcye, and receives, therefore, its full share of abuse. ,, - -n. ^l ^*"^ "''^'* '''^' thesclonds were brought to the rtiorlcet, as they hope to make advantageous purchases of some of thera-^and f y ',■••, L#M#r lo the HoHourabie Mr. Sianlcijf. n ■•. Kuvli rwiwoiHiijw Jirv ol" millidcnt wtiglil lu itctiriiiiiio pulilicul u|ni. Somt! nucli |ilun iu that wliicli I Iwvo propoHCtl, would obviate »ny rvMMOiiulile objcclioiw to rctuiniiig llicm, uinl I ulioiihl be wrry, ihcrc- tbrc, to «cf thona ulicnattd, m they form the only fund, from w'"'*!* • lurniuncnt proviiion caubo made f«»r the Miniiitcni of religion. Tha Ciiloiiy would not consent to bvernn.e.it, upoa whid. mpo^^^^ tant measures, on their part, with respect to this Colony, raiglit have ^''^foT^ecdlng to m examination of the statements contained in t£ le«er and chlrt, the Committee directed the chairman to trans- mit to the Honourable and Venerable DrlStrachan, a copy of the ?itit?on referred to them, and to inform him, that the Caimmttee would Sc 1^ to receive from him, any information^upon tl^. ma^r Tubmitted to their consideration. A copy of the chairman g aettor» and^f Dr. Strchan's answer, (marked B,) are annexed to tluajep^t. The evidence afterwards received from that gentleman, will be found in the appendix to the minutes of evidence. «, ^f^Wp House of The Committee have examined all the members of the H this Province-in Priest's orders, ^200 sterlmg--and m Dea- . con's orders, £I00 sterling,) and as ftn argument for further assistance, it is said in the letter, " Itow ineffectmU this aid .s to supply the in- '* creasing necessit«js of the Colony,, has been^sufficieMlysh^^^ "the tendency of the population is towards the Church of England, « and nothin/byt the want of moderate support ,J^c>^ntUierJrom^^ " snreadinii Dver the whole Province." / , ' According to the concurring testimony of the witnesses, the mem- bers of the Churdi of England, in this Province, m proportion to their number, have at least ^ equal means of 8upi)orting their Clergy- men with other denominations. Jhe latter have a large number of Glenrvmen in, the Province. Without any aid,^ theretore, fi om Great Sn" the members of the Church of England are able, with- out difficulty, to support as many Clergymen-ol.tlieir Church, as the numher of iheir members requires. If, however, they are not willing to furnish, for this purpose, the samfe means which other sects furmsh for a similar puqiOB^, the(e can be but «"le ^e^dency, even amopg those who arenim4lly i^s members, to the Church ot Lngand. Jt thev are willing, there q^n be very little necessity for the aid now re- ceived from Qiiat ^fairii an4 much less for any ^*«^^»^' uiile« to oa^oiTS^ystem of proselxtmg to that Church, the mem - bersftf other denominations. ^ «, . j. wm .k The insinuations in the letter agamSt the Methodist Clergymen, the Committee have npticed with peculiat regret.. To^the_di«ntere8ted and indefiitigable exerUons of these pious men, this Province owes much. At an early period of its history, when it^as thinly settled, a^d its inhabitants were scattered through the mlderness, and desti- tute of all other meana'of religious instrufction, these mmisters of _ the ffospel. animated'by christian zeal and benevolence* at the sacnhee of health, and interest, and comfort, carried among the peoplethe blessincs. and consolations, ftnd sanctions, of our holy religion. Their influenceand instruction, tar from having (as i^ represented in the let- ter) a tendency hostile^ o4r institutions, have-been conducive, ma degree which cannot eSSly. be estimated,^© the retprmation ot their h^ers from licentioushes* and the dilFusion of correct .morals, the "foundation of aU sound loyalty and social order. There is no reason to believe that, as a body,*' they have failed to inculcate, by pfretiept and example, as a christian duty, an attachment to the sovereign, and a cheerfuf and' conscientfeus obedience to the laws of the Country. ^ More than ai) years haw^lapsed since th e y .conimenced the i r labours -/--- w Ueporlr -i. ,rn the Colonies, jutliat lime, the Province has passed thriu.'l, a iVhr which has put to the proof, the loyalty of the peopfe. If thdr iAflu- enccand instructions have the tendency mentioned, the effect/' bv this timci mufit h^ manifest ; yet, no one doubts that the Methodists are as oyalaa any of his Majesty's subjects. And the ve^ fact, thai while their Clergymen are dependant for their support on the yoIui- , tary contnbut.ons of their people, the number of their membershas '^ZTfL'^.u!'' ^,"°''' '"."'*' *'*^''''°" °^" '•^'"^^^ «" the witnesses,, grater thaa that of the members of any other denomination in this 1 rovince, IS a complete refutation of any 'suspicion that their influ- ence and instructions have such a tendency: for it Would be a gross slander on the loyalty of the people, to suppose that that they wouW c^iu«i«ma) and Ikte^ywith complacency, to those whose i^uende ■ WW exerted for such bale purposes. The number or relative proper- •on exactly of the members of the different denominations o? chris- tians, m this Province, the Committee have not ascertained! In the orof^!: * -f ^'' '"*'•' ""k' 11th questions, will be found he op n' ons of tl,e witnesses upon the subject. The most correct and full in- whTh r r " ^'fr"^ "" f^"^ "• '^' appci^ix, (marked C Z winchlhc Committee was Indebted to Dr. MirriSon, ^and which an- p^rstohayebeendrawnupMitiigreat^^^ acCwas 2:i^t-dir(S:fe^ ,r7!rfhrp ''*'—•**■ "''S'*!"* '" ^'*'*'^" ^ the Methodftts, there' arc, m the Province, several denomination of christians, who are more ST '^"^ '^l members of the Church of Eng and" Lwes these,'there are probably many other persons who are not attachS^S any particular Church or form of worship ; compared iStb U^ who e ' popdlatK,B, the membeiB of the Church of England, nmt, U^^refo^ constitute an extrenjely small proportion. Itloufe be uS arid lajpohtic torexalt Uus Church, by eiclusive and peculiar SabSJe all others ^ exist ; yet, ih^ am>rehins^nS^ J^X^iS^ , tention ot his Majesty 's government to iilorporate the ChuXf En^ r^.! ;;""^^''r ^^^'^^^ the govenlment, ^ L^^ ^ the slate^nd to invest U with ,^.culiar rights oTSSS o pecupiary, from which other sects^Sxre excluded, w^dSc Jiarm ' v.. r- "i ReporU 41 through the Countfy, and the actual <}xecutionof luch a >»>MaN> would produce the most general and Uutmg dwcontent. Th«» Ij *■■ beBideii no necetwlty for such an establuOiment., vlt cannot be necej^ i inry for the wcurity of the govemment^-the loyalty of the people U i- Eandlthu.ia.kanMUn.aybed«iubtedhowTMitwouldb^ I proved or increased, by any rta^J establishment jftffllergymen. Re- ! ligious instruction, it is true, will promote and strl^gthenioyalty. and ^ all other virtues ; but no more when wmmuniwted by Clergymen of ' ^ the Church of England, than by those of other sects, and probably less, if they are, or anpear to be, political teachers and servants of the stati. rather than Mimsters of the Gospel. It cannot be n«c«»fJ7 for the ends of relfgion-other denoininaUons. of c^J«J» r^,"?*^ beitefited by it, and the Church itself will derive, P~baWy ^^^ " '^f if any real idvantage. The piety andTehgious pro«pentirof a Cbui^^ can gain but litUe from men who arc mduced, by secukr motives, to assuSe the sacred functions of the clerioa office, l^^^^f^^}}^;"' - ing state of New York, as stated by Pr. ^^^^^^S^^^^' where all denominations have, by law,^equal ^K^^^ *«f„^.'»J*,*J" a respectable and flourishing state. Artifiaal disUncUons between men of the same rank, which have no reference to ^flj^^^^ loyal, peaceable, obedient subjects, or to their, character for moraUty and Conscientiousness, but merely to their religious opinion, are un- just and impoUUc. Men may, and m fiict, do eiitertwn the «9;t xoft- icientious iSjectiocs, either against the particular doc^nes or form S worship, ofany given Church, or iji jenerjl, •t^^^fJI^f^ tablishment of any Chiircb whatever, Ad ite umon ^ilhAestate, if the Church is inciporated with the -^te. ttey lure wmpeUed.^^^ ^ obir^tions of conscience to oppose ?P«/*f «!»* "»"SfJ?~ "jj"^ Country-a part of the government itselfc It is^ fact, their duty to doso-?butbydoingso,they become objects of jealousy and«usmt cion, and in addition to their unjust exclusion from jmvileges, to which they are as much entiUed,4it th*^^]»»^»ij» I »' ^ same time, the tarmony and chanty, which would oUierwwe . prevaU ^ween the members if different sects, are disturbe4i and seclarum andintolerapce. and yaimoMt y. I»ke their placif. -pude^ Updn this su^ecv His Jlajest/s government ^ought to be fairly and distinctly apprised of the sentiments and wishes of the peopl*._ and as the HotfVe of Assembly is the constitution^ oi«an to conwy ^ r ■ ■. 42 Repofi. ^ J to the thrqne, their sentiments and wiahei, the Coniniittce rcsnectfuN ly submit to the HousCi the expediency of addressing his Majesty , upon the subjecit. ' "th» chart Aiftiished to the Committee by Dr. Strachan — the evi> deuce of the lte;v. Egerton Ryerson— the evidence of Dr. Morrison, and the chart burnished by hiAi — ;ahd generally the answers of the witnesses to the 18th and 14th questions, willenable the House to judge how far the ecclesiastical chart, which accompanied Dr. Strach^ , an's letter to Mr. Horton, wa» a fair and accurate representation of the state of the difierentdiehominations of christians in this Province, ilie expression, " occasional service," as explaiaed by Dr. Strachan,' inay be applied almost ad libitum, and if used < in- the same manner by the Methodists of .other denominations, the^places..at. which they have . service, may be multiplwd almost indefinitely. Itdoea notappear reasonable jto reconcile this explanation, with the note» to the column • Jn the clHU-t containing the names of the Missionaries of the Church , of England, which ar^ in tjMse words— " Fif\y eight plkces wiiere *' there Is regular or occasional service, exclusive of< frequent jour- "nies taken by the Missionaries through, the new settlements, in ** their neighbourhood," for upon -all these joumies (if service was performed) It must have been, and doubtless was, stated as dccasional ■ervitie. '-' ■ . ' " ' ■ ' •' ^ j^n the course of their enquiries, the Committ^ei obtiiiyed informa- lien^ wbieb^ to their surprise^and regret, gave them reafon to believe thftj^ to^<7eate in the, mitads. of the Indians recently converted under ' the divide blessing, to the chri|tian religion, an- inflvence unfauoura- t^ to th^'r present religious teachers, through if hose exertions this cnang^ ImstiUcen place; the name of bis Majesty's government bad been uled ; and even that intimation had been nriule of. an intention to compel tbcfm to come under the Church of England. The great and surprising change which has occured within a sjiort pmod of tinie^ in the character and condition of lan^^ bodies of tlie Mississa* m0^t^' Indians, is well known; from a state of vice and ignonuicci wretch^oess and d^radation, almost brutfl, they have beenbrougbt to habits of industry, order, and temperance— 41 thirst for iqsbiiction and knowledge— « profession of the christian religion— and apparent-' ly, ajcoidial and humble^ belief of its trutbsi and enjoyment of its bresting8.^1n'this change,. the Methodisto have been chiedy instru- ' mental. ^ They have manifested the most benevolent zeal in accom^ plisfaiBjg it ; they have sent Missionuies, and estaHished schools among thim, which are supported by voluntary contributionsr and they are stilMabouring among them with the same disintereste<] spirit and the same surprising encouragement and success ; any attempt to inter*' l 1 r*^ — "* ^'- di c tat e to thg Indians, te w lwt Chureh they should belong, appeared most unwarrantable • but it was chiefly- ou accoupt of the Intolerant spirit which it indicated, and which^ when circumstances permitted^ould lead to a similar interffrence with the Rtport, 4S .. 1 e..A..*..^e ih« vnrlaiiB denoinin»M*>«« «t»0"g ourwlvet, not '^i fitlea to c6n«deraUdD.^ - V-.^^.:.i i».Ai^nt. auttoinilfee W!« ^^v ac- /■ ./: .■-V. 44 Report. lobJMt. The Committee are therefore of opinion, that an applica* tion should be made, to have this fund placed at tlie disposal of the Fhivincial Legislature, in order that it may be applied to the pur- poses which have been mentioned. As to the remainder of the Cler- §f ReaenreSf the Committee, without an examination of the British t«tute last alluded to, are unable to say whether the right of di- luting their sale, remains with the Froviocial Legislature, or is by that Statute confined to the British Parliament. In either case, they think that measures should be taken to have them sold, ,if possible, and the proceeds applied to the same purposes as those which they have recommended, for the avails of that part of which the sale is aU l^nadv authorised. ifpon an examination of the copy of the charter of the University of King's College, transmitted to the House by his Excellency, and referred to them, ^e Committee findthat the following are some of itsprovisioust— ^ The Bishop of the Diocese is to be visitor* and as such may dis- ApproTe of die bye laws made for the College by the Council, which thereby become Toid, unless his Majesty, in Privy Council, afterwards reverses this order ; the Govc^or, Lieutenant Governor, or person administering the government, is to be Chancellor, the President is to be a Clerinrman in Holy Orders, of the Church of England; the' Honourable and Venerable Dr. Strachan, Arehdeacon of Y^rk, is to be the first President, the corporation is to consist of the Chancellor^ Rressident ; and Scfaolara of King's College, and is authorised to take and hold rc«l estate, not exceeding the yearhr value of £15,000 sterl- ing. The CoUege Council is to consist of the Chancellor, Ptesident, and seven other parsons, wboareto'bc memberi of Uie Church of Enfllaiid,and to sign the S9 articles of that Church t the Council, miaer certain restrittions, are to make bye laws for the CoUege; one of these restriptjon^ is that no religious test or qualification shall be fMpi&ed of, or upomted for any persons admitted or matriculated as amMara in the.ColI^ge, except that those adnpitted to the degree of Ikit^inTXnidtjt sball make the same declarations and subscript tf^ and take the same oallig as are required of pwsbns adjdnitted to 1^ degree of Divinity ni the University of Oxfind. Th^ Chancel- lor, Pleindent^ and Ftofeasnrs of the Cotl^, and all pefa^ns admit- ted in the College, to the degree of Master of Arts^ or to any degree b.Divinity, Law, or Medicine, who, from the time of sud^ i^mission, .^iriuini»jrtfaejBnnual8um of SOs' sterling, towards the aiipport of Uie College, are,to be members of the convocation. Ft0m Ijhc meisue of hia Excellency, it appears that his Majesty ha^ been pleiled to gran^asan endowment for the Ugyversi^j^ 225,944 acres of the crown lands, and to appropriate, from the revenuerof the crown, tbe the sum'of £1Q00 sterling, per annum, for 16 y^ars, fcr the erection of the buildings; anil awo that jeycral of the; religious societies i- -i^T¥r- K :/^:^y"■^•!^,y \^ J Rtport. EnRlond. have contributiNl to tho in.Ululion. by tlon.tion, of the mo- ney iTthc |.urch.«5 of bo««}; and by the foundation of 8choUrah.|». for the Missionariei to the Indian Tnbei. ^ . , From the foregoing abstract of wme of the P[o^»«'»"» ,°f. '^'^jj^ ter. the tectarian character and tendency of the init.tUt|on will be manifest. Dr. Straclwn, by whow repre.entat.ont and «"«»«•«;'« * a Kreat measure., the charter in it> present tliape, seems to have been procure" In a Simphlet. pubH.hed in Lopao". «"tH b^ « An apH to the friends of religion and literature, m behalf of the Univerjty of^Upper Canida," distinctly states, that it will be «V««n/«"y * ^"T ionaVy College, "for tho Education of Missionaries of the Churdp" of Eniland," and as an argument to obtain from the members of that Churcrcoitributions towards the fund, of the College, m«ntj.nj, that the effect of establishing this University, will be ultimately to mSe the greater portion of IhJtopuhttion of the Prav.nce. memfcer. of the ChSch of "England. That such must be th*^naturia tendency of putting into the hands of that Church, the only Seminary of learn- ing"n tblcountry where a liberal education can U obta.n«l. "^bv.. ous ; but the alim^nd Jealou.y which thi. very crcumstatHMW H produce through thT Province, and ha.. ,n^ wme meaaure. jOwwdy . produced, and/which will prevent parent, and guardian. <«>«; ""fing Lir children lo it. will perhap. counteract thi. . «°dency,jltho^^^ at the «itt.e time, it will, in an equal deglree, hrait »hebeneet. which might otherwise be derived from the mstitution. An Umvenuty.. adapted to the character and circumstance, of the rt«';^«"yV*2 the mean, of inestimable benefit, to this Province. But|o be of real ser^S^the principles up6n which it is established, must be m uniwn wSegtiiralinUme'nU of the people.. It *«»W not be . |«hool of political or of Sectarian view.. It .hould have about it^ap- peiKnceof. .pirit of partiality or ntcluMon. Ita pbrtab A^UW be Srowi^pen to £l ; and iipon none who enter, should any wAuenoe be exer^olttach them ^ particular Creed or Chu«.»J- J^^'^^f^J be a wurce of intellectual and moral light and ammation. from which the gloriou. irradiation, of literature and wience. mapr deweqj upony^ all with equal lu.tre and power. Such an i«»«'»?«»»,''«S^J„* f blesaing to the Country, it. pride and glory. Ma.t deeply, Uf wfor^ Sole iamented.Sat thS prim^iple. o/thj d^^^ todefeafeitsuwfulne... and to confine to a favoured few. all ita^- vantage..^ That hi. Majesty*, government could even have xontem. plated such a limitation of ft. beneficence-that i»»*y co»J V*!®;^' intended to found it upon such terms aa must either preclude firoto its benefits tlie greater part of those for whom it.wa. intended, or .ub- iect them at an agfe ill qualified to guard againrt^^ch attacks, to the silent, but po w e rf ul influ e nce of a p r cvailv»g s p ^t and regu to r tystea^ ^ of priselytW, no one will believe. They could not have been aware^ - of the insurmountable objections to ^ich» from the circumrtancc. pf --^he country, and the sentiments of Che people, some of the provwona 4 ■\ 46 Ufpnri. I ■ ]}> : \i' / : • I r of llie cliarfer ww liable. Ttwy acted undoubtedly under tbe im« ITTCttion, and with the intention of providing, in the rnont tfraclout and liberal manner, an institution tnuch needed and deaired by the lieople. lliere ts» therefore, every rektdti to believe, thflit any repi^. ■entationi from thi! House of Aaaembly upon the matter, will bo moit' ftvourably regarded. Under tMi irtipreMion, the Committee itrongly recommend thia lubject to the consideration of the tioute. : A« to the right ot the Univeriity to elect a member of the Ifouie of Aiaombly, the Committee «^oq Id remark, that there ii no Uw -^which giveiS or (conwit^ntly with the Imperial Act SI at^ Geo. Sd. Chap. SI, commonly called out Connitutionai Act) can give, the right of rcpreaentation to an Univcniity or any other corporation. By ttMt Act, the IVovincc waa to be divided irtto Dirtrlcta, Couniiea, Cm-cIci, Towna, or Townahipa. fof the purpose of electing members of the Mouse of Assembly, which was to be composed and constitu- ted in the manner therein mentioned ; that is, among other things, of persons chosen to represent some of these divisions. The qualifica- tions pucsieribed for Voters in the Districts, Circles, or Counties, differ from those prescribed for vii)tet« in 1\)Wns; In the tbrmen each voter must be possessed, fof his own use ind benefit of lands or tenemental ^ in such County, Aci, h«ld in fVeeheld, fief, roture or by certificate, de- rived under the authority bf the Gbvemor and Cdurteii of the l*ro- ♦Ince of Quebec* df the yeiriy value of 40 shillings sterlingi of Up- Warda^ ove^ and abov« all renU lind chhrges payable out ol| or iri bs- pect tof the same— in the hitter ench votdr must bfe possessed, for his own uie or bitiefit, of a dwelling house and lot of gfound heW in like mimet, of the yearly value of £s o«r upwtinili or, having been resi. dertt within the said To*rn or Township, for th« space of 12 Calen- dar months next befofe the dat6 of the Writ of summons fdr the elfec- t^on ; must bona fide have paid one yeiit-'s rent for the dwelling house in which he shall have so resided, at the r«te of £10 iteMing, or ttp<. wards. I By the t»rovirifeIal statute 60th, Qtio. Sd.Chap. 2d, it is enacted, that whenever an University khall be organizetl, and in Operation ai a Seminary of learning, in this Province, and in conforttiity to the rules and statutes of similar institutions in Great Britain, it shall and mar 1m lawful for the Governor, Lieutenant Governdr> or person adminis- tering the Goveriiment of this Province, for the time being, to declare, by Proelemation, the tratt of land appendant tb such University, and whereupon the same is situated, to be a ToWn or Townehip— by such name as tojrim sh^ll seem n^eet, Md that such Town or Township so constituted* shall be represented b^ one member — provided always, nevertheless, that no persqfh shall be permitted to vote at any such election* for a member to Represent the said UniveHity in Parliament, who, bt^ideS the qualificafion now by law rec}uired, shall not also be minttry ol learning, and in tonlormi- ty to the rulci ttiiU ttulute* of linNliir ioitiiutioai in Cirtut Ikituni- nor unul the buiWingi for th© Univertity ore actually crutUd. I tlun belong* ta Uio Cown or Tomn»lii|», ond not to the Univtrwty. The Town or Townihip mwt, Ih> • tract of lund both o|)|>ei»diu>t to the Uniyoriity, and that on which it \* wtuated. Theae o*proH«»oi.« QKclude ull tract* of lund ncporatcd fro»» the University, by landH ol othor oiynern, ulthongh .uch »tparatu tracU of lund rftuy belong to ihe Univerwty, and all landa which do not belong to tiie Univeriity. Ihe title of it muit be vcfctod in the corporation, il it la corporntc property, it cannot be a freehold eaUte of any individnu to quulily him to vote upon it at a town elector. No i>er«on can have a free- bold estttte in a dwelling houHC and lot in the town, but the corporar tion. That qualilication for any poraon to be a Town elector, cuniu.t Qxist ilk the Univerwty Town, The right of voting at an election for auch Tiiwn, rauit be confined to those, who, bcaides being enUtlcd to vote in the convocation, shall huve reaided one year in that Town, and bona Jide p«id rent for the dwelling houae in which they sliall have ao reaided; at the rate of ;eiO aterling, or upward* The right of voting will therefore be wnfincd, probably to a very few peNona, qf whom perhaps the Lieutenant Governor may be one. Witli thii report, the Committee preawnt t» the Houae, the draft ol an addreaa to hit Majesty upon the v«riou» aubjects which have been menUqned. and they "reapectf^lJy i|c^inend that it be adopted by the HStUl blei Ho cl^rgei ther to chiidre fitl Noi the Si iired i ■ / not t strac Doc Con pres v^''- Jtepmti* «9 ^..««*tU«tion orto ourrcligwuglihertiw ; and aUo that your honours- hrfilu e wild inquire into the truth of the above rected cruel &Be7rnd sStemenl. againrt the ministen. and tl'e people, and ^r. ♦K. take such Bteps upon the premises, and to preserve us artd our S|wl^nt.;S.tic^ domiiiltion. as to your wi«lom shall seem • ^ V And your Petitioners, ^ As in duty bound, , Will ever pray. Note -:ro this Petition, and otheri referred to the Conuniltee on J'J^rsuSjec'are attaihed the name, of 6ve thousand s.x huu- jiired and ninety-seven persons. The notes referred to in the body of the Report, the Authiff^has J^^^Lc^yXo subjoin.^and has "^^J^'y 81^^»Jf^ ± 'tract of ti Chart framed by t»'!.Co">°>'"«?;;. N«^« ^^^^^^^^ Doctor's Letter and Chart addressed to R. J- WiUnot Horton-^B, a copy of the correspondence of the Committee with^ the Doctpr^C. cSmitte^s ChartLand D, a corredfed Chart which the Doctor presented to the Coromittee. ■flkS'- $0 Report, ■&■■ :.*■■ ■%:■■ i». 3 s. r s- I t v I ■ i a 1 i. & . ft" :^ B »r J,. s. . 1. 1 s- 3 1 i ■•'f --^^ >M. s O) M Number of Prtachprx. Nmnbcr born in bib M O '«> M 8 s Majestjr'i dominions. Number born in Kur- o S o ta o lU. eipn C'o«ntrii»«. ■ ... Number o P ■ M » 8 o nirlh unknown. > . . - ' Number educated iu his .- M ' o ••^ N« O 8 g Majiwty's dominions. • < Number educated in o § O ': « ■ ■ - g Foreijjn Countri^ -■ Number eduoil?d O' o to »9 §/ ' M - ,-■ 3> tinknown. o Wp T ■ o O ' * 8 Number Naturalized. •'■. Number o CO b o o o 0> not Naturalized. ' s " N4 2 h 2 h 1 Number of Members or ,1 .? ® regular G>minunicants ■ . 'N- N umber of Churches ' M - (n ?" s & M 81 or Chapels. is h h « § Number of places of >^ a" • p: s 0> refruUr aerTice ]'■ p 5 . ll P 8 Number of places of occasional Kirviee. ' M 8 1 a.?| p.? 1 IM Number of regular hMfei* >• , -I \ ■'a -^ > -1 >■ O •a n > sovQ :^ 1 > -J 23 a- .H O •a tn > > 'V ■; «' .■/■ ' .•>.. -iJL •:---H-^ w_ ^;v:; [M / / ■ '■'' ■'. '■ ■ './-" • ."■■ • t ■; -"•:: ■ -' ■" ■• -';;■■ fl,.V', > ■■'.': vi / « ■ ■' r ' •«i 3 - V .^^- ■ ■■ . .;, ■ ;■.""■ •-. % " ■f: ii". \ t '. ^ A ^ . . > .#' V '' " ^' \> r Nl r V . » ^ ;•. ' ' --i. ' '^ « t „■■*"■..■'■; ■'■ . . . *'■ > ' e • .* \^. ■-:. •■ ■■ '. ■:■;". . ■ ' ♦ a. I ■*■ ' « • : ■ ■ . :■ .j. ■ :!. V, . " ':' ,, ': ■ ■;" ■■ ,;■ - ■." >■■ I-, :,■'■ ; ': • ^ ' ■■'..■;-'•-•■''■■: ^■-■-■■-.:-, " ■ v^l: ^ 5 ^ ^ ■-;' ■■;"■:/•■■■'. -/^'v-.\: ■'''■■ .■,-f; "■, .. ' / -•» » t « * . ■• ■ ■ -f- [/-";■;■■ -^X-;.- ■-:^:;::^'^^^'--::^-^|.: • . ■ ■.• « ' ' T ■.■,■.•.;.: ■'..■•;" .. . ■• * ' •» « *" ■■■ ■,,■ ■ .... ' ■ ...- .^'.. ■ 1 . ..>■ • ">:.■.. ^■■■.: .■ •,.- . .-.. :\: ■■ . ; ■■\- •■....:-. ■ ■' : ■■ ■>•. ; , . .-:•« ;. ■■ •■- • •,.•->■ ■ . • . ... , . : , v .■-, '\ :■: ■. ■• .■ ■ .• ,: . ■ ■',..:•..... *' y .-.■ ;v. ^ „ ■': :, - ■■.»••*.■■'■■■; *' . ■ ..'•■• n - . ".'■■■■ .■■ ■■ .- "..■., ■ ..;.....■. y'Jv . ■'••■•.'. •..■■..••■;-.;••■•■■■.■... ■■-.«,..••. ■■..._■■■..:■.'..■ ■..,. >......:■ •..■..,•■-.•■ ■;■.-. •/ .■ ■ ■■ .-.r. ■■■ :.\': -.y ^■■■"■- .::* ..•.■••:.■ ^ .;....". ■-■. ..A-.;-.. .• ■..■.;-.. .•:,,■.....•■. v.; ,..,•■. V .,■.■•., ' ' ■■■■.■•■-■■:■.■•■,.■;*■.•;■. •....^.. ■.■•.■:...• •■'.v.r-:-; -. -»■ ,. ^ ■; .-•.■^- ■■ v:..;.; •:-;-: \^v\ ;.r; ..•^•■'; ■■ .■■■,':^..;.v :;^:.-^^■-. ■■■. ■ ' ....... „.■ ' i ,• -• ■ . ■ . ^ = ■ 1. ' •■ ■ ■ : ^ ■ .• . ■ ' - ■'■■ .... ^ . ' ■ ^^^ .' ■■ .'.■■'■.■ r: .■■■'■ ':. ^..'- '■■■.*■ '"...."•,:.. ■■ ■ ,'. ■ ■■:'■■":' .■■■■■■•■.■■'■:•■' ■'■ ..-;-.'■ ■, '■■''•■.:■•:■:''::■ ■>> ■■. ■■■■ ■ ■■ •■■■ ■■'.■'■-'■ ly- ' ■.■: .■.■-■■"■:.: ■ '■'■ '■.•■■■■■: ■ ■:' '' "■■'.y. ■':.■■:■'■■"■:. ■ ■; ^.-y'.- , •,-■■■•-. ".^ . ■. ■- ~ •...', .'■■:•■• • .■ ; ■ .. "' f "■ ■■. ■■ ."■■,.•■ .'<»■.. „■ ■' . ■'*:.•,..■ ■■. . •..•■...'..,,. • .'..,' . ■ ■■,'.....■:,.'..... .'■•'.."■..■/ ■ ; ;:■: .. .:-:■■' -..•.--...■; ... ■ :■ ■ • .,■,.■..■■ '■•■■■,..■ /-^/.•..~:, ;. .^.v. v.,?.-; .;,-r .,r: ■ .■• : • ■ ^^■. :;.^^^\.".V.- ;-v -.-f : ..-■ ■> .■ :■.■;::; ^ "-.f^ ,■■■•:,■ ■::-.::-:: ■7:v:::^ ..;•., .; -A^i- :i.'s;.: ■■?■;. . ■■...- .■ ■;. -v .■ ..i. 'ir. ■ ^'r'-.. ;.■ ■.■: ■ ■■. ■■■: ■• ■. \ :•■. ■■■.■ ■ ■.... 'i'^-: •■■ . .v.-^. ^^ ..-;■/... ...v ■ ...■;.,■■ ^■■•:. ••..;-•-. ■■'.■■■ - vA.;.*;^^ ■ ■ ' .'■■ /-..-■' \\ ^.:: .■■ . ^:..};v; ■-■. :.4 ■■•..■■';;..■■- ■.--■^v.-, ■.'^;-....i. ..'■., .:■ . • • .-, .: ■r» ",:■/ ... ; .. .. •. .-.■■■.■.' ■.,!,.-. ■■ •;. *? . ■ >.'■■: •■.■-:■■'■■■.;....■ '1 ■■■ '■ -.u-. '; . . ■- •: .. . . ■■ ; .. . . - ■ ■ .■ • ■, 1 ... ■:/■.-:■:■■'■: r -..:■■■ -r.y''l :*■ •-•;■- ...••■...:-■:■;..'■,. :■:^■•♦ ■■ ■.-.■-■.:.;.. '■{' ■.■.4.\ -.v/ ■••V-' -^ '■.■■■'•■ -"^ ■ • ■ :'-V-.- ..„---.■..- ...;...--■ :.-:\- ,v-,. ■■...:. r^,.. -.■■:../..-.■.-■... ■; .: \: .^ :;■:.•:■■ -;A'^:.-v-. ^•.■■■'■■■■■,v--.-r^.:..,.''-;;: '... ■■-■ :'^: .■ :.:-■■:■:" ' :" ■■•,.■ :; -.: " : ■■:■■- .■.:•;■ '. -^ ■..•"■. ...". ■* ..■.•./. ^ : w. :■..:.::■::' -■.•;-.."\\ .-■ ■■■ ' ■ ■ • ■-....-.. .:',>.'■■.■■•■.-.-..■■.■ ■■ ^;^,.■ . ^. .'.-,. ;•.... . ■■. . .- -...v .-.,.•■. ■;.■.,.:.?•...«:.■ -^ :■...■ ^ '\.,.. . - ■ . ■ ■V ■;:-y\;-.:.-.- \--'.y- ■■':.:■■:■■ -^ -:'.:.:■- ri--- : ■■.-^■■■'ly ::---■'- ■■■■■'■r-y-::,:- ■■:-■::'' \ir^^\^^ :^- .■■■ : .1 ••■:.:■..■ ■•■^ ■•-.■-^-- v.: ■ : ^- -^ ■■•;■■;."■..■;..: -...-. -,.. r^^y,-' ■.//■/■.-.. ^.-.r xw^r •...•■. j.,-- :y:- :-■.■■ ^ ^v.. .;,; / • ;: : -■ ;.-J: ■•■.'■;'-: .■ '■:•'■■'.■:■■■.■; ■ ^-^ ;.' ' ''/ -■'^' ..■■■:"':'•. '.-X' ■'■'■■:.■'-■ :X .'■*:-■-.. ::''■ :■;.• .'■■•■f. ^ ;:,;:'■.■■,■,.•.: ■■■ ;; ; .. ■ ..,_..„. . - - . _ , — ':■■■",■'■" r~7..- """^"^^ T ~. ' , ^"i ""^ / , ' ^T"; ^' ^ ^. ■ . :■ ■ . _ , r^ ^T" ■ , , . . ,.",,,■ ■ : , . - . '• ;. :'., .'. — ,y ^\ "■; ' — ' ■ . ^".■' , "' , '"■'"' .4 «' ' ■■■ ^"' . ^^^^^^^"'': ■:' ,^^^^^^--' ■ '''^':-' -. .^^^^^: ;■ -..-v,/:'.-- -rAy ':-''^<: -^ :■■-:■ -:y\':.-<:X^^^ . ^ ■"■•.■•;■:. - .'^^^^^^^k - •■ .y.'-. ^ J^^^^Mf .■■..■■■••■.-/.::..: :■ ■ .'--'.. ^^^^^^^^. '. .' . ' ^^^^^^^ri ■ ■■^-^■'■x.- ■■■.::-■■• -y -,^::. ^^^^^ :: '^ ^ V ■• ^ ^- ■ ■- *^ '■ V ■ ■■ " ^'^^^^- ': : ■ .. ^^^^^^^^^^ . -'^^^^^^^^W'- .' ' ^^^^^^ ' . .' -^ , ■■■ ■- '^^-^ -v,,. .O'v,. ... ■ ^^^^^W:-- .■,.:-■■:- y- :..■:: .' ^^^^^^^^^ .^^^^^^^^K^ ' ■*■■■.:■'-.■.■:■■..■■;-■.■■■•..■.*;■:■:-■ '^^^^^^^ ■■. ■'• ■" M^^^^^' ■ ^. ..- ' . ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ . ' '. ■ ■ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^W ' ' . .- . . ^^^^^^^^k : ■'-'■■ J^^^^^^^ ■-''■ -■■:■■ :^^^^^^^- ■ '^^^^^^W. -.; <^^^^^^ ..^.' ..'.^ .■> -...^J^^^^^F^. -.■.'■-■,•.> ...;. ^^^^^^^^^^^. . .> . ^^^^^^^^^^^'-■- ■ ■ ■ - ^^^^^'.- ::.^^^^^_ ■..■-.: . ■- ■ ^^^^k ' ■.^■' ^"' J^^^W --^'r-\.-':::^-x ;.^.-.:.:--^^^^,v.;'^^^^^F^...- ■'■:■-- -^^ ■•••-■..■^^■-:^-v■•.:a•,A;v-^ ■^^^^/-■C-y-:yy:y---: ■'•'-. ■■■..I?.' vr;,..:..'- .^^^^^^BL ;^^^^^^^. ' ' ' :^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^F. ; '^^^^^■^^^^F^ - ■■.■-^■- ■ v-:.../ : '■." •; -'^. ' .. ^^^^^^^^^^^■^'' ^ , . ; ■■ ■."-■ ■' ■ ■ . • ■ .' ■■.'■■-■<:■-'. •' .:,.''- .- ... i -• ' . A. . ■ . ■■■.,_■. ,..., : .. , V ■ ■ .. ■ ■■ ; . ■ ■ .. - : . .. ■ ,..:■■: yr ■,, rl ■ ■•,..■ >^' ■■ V. .■■--;■-. ' :^3 •;.«'.: ,..■ •■..:.--.,.'- ^ . ^ ,. V,>' .;■ : - ^ - .^ . ' . .. ' . . :^ ' . ,. .' . J . . --' ■■,./" •.■..,»■., . ...-..■;- , - ■■ 1- .-■■■,-" . ■».■.. ' ■ \.. ° .■ ■ -■■■'.."■■ .■.■■■■..-■.■"■■■ ■..!....-■. ■"-■■■■■■,«■■-■-. ■ ""■■■ V ■-' ; ... ■ . , • ■■ ' -.. . -., ■ - ■ .-. , . ■ ■ ,-.''■„■ .■■-'■■■■■.-'-.,■'-...;■ V . . , - ,- . • '?'■■. ■-■ . - , ■■ ,^::'\'x'-Mxr:y-Xvym^^^ . '^: :..-:.■■■ ■':. '- ■• .■■ -A ... ,:»■-. , ..... . . .. . ■ .... ■: •■■ »: • ■., . " ■■'„■: :': ' ./ ■ - ' :■ '. ■ ' : . ■'■ ■■■ ■ '■■■ -■■■■:' ■■■■.. ... ■■,■...: . ■...;.■■■ 'V . -■;.:• ■■■• .-■ .. ^. .-. ■■-..--■■.. : ■■■--^ ■.■•■:•■■..■. -Oj':..^.-" ■ ..''■ ■■ ;..^..' ■". ' ■• — ■.-:-■ -^ . : ■ ; : ■ .■ -■-, ...... • ^^ -■ V . . ' > ■ • ■ ■'■■•■.■■ .■■■ ■ .■..■:■;:...:■.-..■ "■ :■•;■■- '.■■.*...■.: . :■....■.; ..■■■■...>•>.. . ....>^' .-^.. ■■ :•. .: '■ . ' .. ^■' - . ■■ . yX'x-./,. ■■■■'-■■■■"■■■ ^ -'.-^ii^yi^^-. ■' ■■ ■.'■:«..•..■:■-'/■*;..■.■■■■.,• .■■■..:;:'-■ ".;'. ':./•■..,"/',; "o ."■-.'■': .. . •■ ■ .,^:3^^^p;. •. .,:i^i; -v .■....■ : ^ --:■■:;■... ^ - .' ■, . ; .■..:.;.■■.:■■;■..■•■.■.■. -■"..•'