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 Preached to the Cambridgei'ort Parish, 
 May 28, 1S71, 
 
 Oil the First Sunday after the Ratification 
 
 of the Treaty with Ettgland, by the 
 
 Senate of the United States. 
 
 By GEORGE W. BRIGGS. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY REQ.UEST. 
 1871. 
 
 
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 Preached to the Cambridgepouv Parish, 
 May 28, 1S71, 
 
 Oft the First Sunday after the Ratification 
 
 of the Treaty with England, by the 
 
 Senate of the United States. 
 
 By GEORGE W. BRIGGS. 
 
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 PUBLISHED BY REQ.UEST. 
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 TnE following Discourse,— the expression of an hour of joy, rather 
 than an elaborate Sermon,— Is commended to the forbearing judg- 
 ment of those who desired it to be printed. 
 
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 SERMON. 
 
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 Isiiliib II. 4.— Nkitiikii shai.i, tiiky Mcvrts wau anv more. 
 
 A grand event has oecuiTecl during the last 
 week, whtise imijortanec at the present moment 
 it is difficult to over-estimate, Avhose promise for 
 the best interests of civilization itself in the 
 future it is impossible to grasp. The Senate of 
 the United States, which disgraced itself by angry 
 discussions concerning its prerogatives, redeemed 
 its character by the adoption of the Treaty be- 
 tween England and America. We can almost 
 forgive the unworthy debates, the waste of days, 
 in the attempt to vindicate itmcied privileges, 
 after this act of statesmanship. Let us forget 
 that it took senators a longer time to accuse one 
 another for revealing what the nation had a right 
 to know at the beginning, than to debate the 
 treaty itself ; and let us only remember that their 
 fitting duty has been so nobly done. When will 
 men and legislators learn that their dignity is never 
 
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 secured by attempts to defend oi' vindicate it? Let 
 them link their names with truth, justice, liberty, 
 civilization, the cause of humanity and right, and 
 they place themselves upon enduring principles, 
 the pillars of the universe, and stand upon ped- 
 estals of honor. 
 
 I have nothing to do with the minor details of 
 this great settlement of international disputes to- 
 day. Of necessity it is in a certain sense a 
 compromise. Something of the most extreme 
 demands was yielded on either side. In some 
 respects, claims in themselves r6a8onable and just, 
 have been partially abated. Ingenious men dis- 
 cover various little points of criticism. But I 
 forget all these ftincied or real objections, and see 
 one grand whole, one grand event in the inter- 
 ests of peace. Questions of peculiar importance 
 and difficulty, involving interests, grievances, na- 
 tional honor, questions a hundred-fold greater than 
 those which have plunged nations into bloodiest 
 wars, have been calmly and honorably adjufited. 
 Last summer, France and Prussia rushed to arms 
 upon a mere pretext, which concerned neither the 
 dignity nor rights of either empu'e. IN^ow, con- 
 troversies that involved great principles of inter- 
 national law, concerning acts of outrage that 
 
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 wounded the nation to its very heart, ai'e wcttied 
 without a drop of human blood, without even a 
 threat of war. More than that. A broader basis 
 of mutual understanding and harmony is estab- 
 lished, which at once atones for the past and 
 secures the future. Let there be no petty criti- 
 cisms upon a measure in itself so grand. The 
 clamor of little unsatisfied interests should be 
 silenced in the sublime accord of this great vic- 
 tory of peace. 
 
 How silently the most beneficeat and grandest 
 things are accomplished ! For almost a year the 
 world has resounded with the clash of arms. 
 The tumult of the battle has filled Christendom 
 with its din, and morning and evening, millions 
 have intently listened to the tidings from the field 
 of strife. The eyes of Europe and America, I 
 had almost said of the race itself, have been fas- 
 tened upon one spot, as if there alone were events 
 worthy of attention. The great things were not 
 there. God does not disclose his greatest maj- 
 esty in the storm, the earthquake, that blanch 
 men's cheeks with fear. The silent forces of 
 N^ature, that cover the earth anew with living 
 green, robing hill and vale and prairie with beauty, 
 that hold the stars in their orbits, that bring the 
 
 
 
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 evening nnd tlio morning, the socd-timo nnd the 
 harvest, Avith their ever-varying Hplendors, — tlieso 
 are more l)eneflcent and grand. This awfnl out- 
 break of war has aeeompHwhed little. Sedan and 
 its accompanying battles discrowned one empe- 
 ror and made another ; but they established no 
 new principle of International law, gave no new 
 security to civilization and peace. A few Com- 
 missioners, quietly discussing mu<^ual differences at 
 "Washington, have done an immeasurably mightier 
 work than generals, marshals, emperors, hurling 
 millions of men at one another in the fury of 
 the battle. The noiseless movement of the pen 
 has performed a greater deed than the roar of 
 artillery. This European war has compacted dis- 
 united Gennany indeed into an empire, — a result 
 which will be a blessing if she wisely develops 
 the resources of her power and the mind of her 
 people ; or which may be a curse if she too be- 
 comes besotted with dreams of success and con- 
 quest. But whatever Germany may be in the 
 future, she has sown in the heart of France the 
 seeds of undying hate, that may bear the deadly 
 fruit of other wars. The peaceful Commission 
 has given a new security against war itself, sown 
 the seeds of good-will between continents and 
 
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 nations, and recognized a principle of interna- 
 tional jnsticc which civilized men will rtgoico to 
 honor. "What is it that Von ^loltke, the Prus- 
 sian commander, Iuih plamied and executed a cam- 
 paign that seems unparalleled in the annah of 
 war, and written his name on the scroll of martial 
 renown with that of the first Napoleon ? The 
 negotiator who maintains national honor and 
 establishes peace, writes his name higher still, 
 and on a far nobler scroll. The warrior has a 
 kind of greatness. The figure of the great Na- 
 poleon is fitly sculptured upon the front of the 
 Arch of Ti'iumph in Paris, surrounded with dread 
 and fitting cYnblems, to perpetuate his fame as a 
 splendid type of Wat form of genius. But 
 "blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be 
 called," they are, " the children of God." Let 
 the bugle sound its triumphant notes for the vic- 
 tors in battle. Bat when the peacemakers do 
 their work the angels sing the heavenly song, 
 "On earth peace, good-will among men." 
 
 "What a contrast between the appalling scenes in 
 Europe, and the peaceful negotiations here during 
 the last few weeks. The Germans had completed 
 their conquest. But their withdrawal from the 
 strife was only to give place to a deadlier, more 
 
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 inhuman contest. There, battle has raged around 
 the city, and along the streets of Paris, blazing 
 fiercely as the fires of hell. Here, trusted states- 
 men sought to weigh great questions ir the bal- 
 ance of justice, and to adjudicate upon them in 
 the spirit of civilization and forbearance. There, 
 palaces and public temples, whose beauty was itself 
 an education, were ruthlessly burned to ashes. 
 Here, with " no sound of axe or hammer," men 
 were building a fairer edifice of interrfational com- 
 ity and law, in which nations should clasp hands in 
 lasting fellowship. There, the descendants of the 
 Latin race, as their fallen emperor termed them, 
 flew at each other's throats with the ferocity of 
 fiends. One who has ever been in Paris, in the 
 streets now desolate with fire and red with blood, 
 must mourn as he thinks of the smouldering ruins, 
 the heaps of the slain, in places where he gazed 
 upon such magnificence and beauty. Here, the 
 descendants of the Anglo-Saxon race recognized 
 the sublime appeal to reason and right, and met 
 one another in the true dignity, and mutual respect, 
 of civilized manhood. In the one place it would 
 seem as if the demons gained a transient, but for a 
 time, an absolute supremacy. In the other, though 
 his name was not spoken, nor, perhaps, his influ- 
 
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around 
 blazing 
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 ras itself 
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 er," men 
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 ence even recognized, — in the public sentiment 
 which his agency has created, educating, civihzing 
 the advanced nations of Christendom, until they 
 became prepared to recognize the majesty of truth 
 and reason, — the Prince of Peace overruled the 
 deliberations of men, and drew them into harmony. 
 "Whence came this contrast ? All days, rightly 
 viewed, are judgment-days. The results of past 
 action, — its fidelity, or sinfulness,— become in- 
 wrought into our life, to make us strong, or weak, 
 to shape our present condition, and determine our 
 destiny. The actual character, sooner or later, 
 revepi« its nature, and does its work. France has 
 met another of her judgment-days. The world 
 has admired, and gloried in her splendor. Travel- 
 lers have journeyed over ocean and continent to 
 study her works of art, to feast their eyes upon the 
 magnificence of her now desecrated capital. In- 
 telligent men in every land have Hstened to her 
 physicians, i lathematicians, her adepts in various 
 forms of science, as holding a high place among 
 the world's teachers. Her novelists, and men of 
 letters, have fascinated myriads of readers. With 
 her sunny lands, her apparently assured pros- 
 perity, her briUiant capital,— the queen of taste, 
 and the home of art,— she seemed a year ago to 
 
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 stand the first among the empires. But, though 
 fertile in men of letters, ignorance was the charac- 
 teristic of her people ; and, demoralized by luxury 
 corrupted by social indulgence, — by the love, and 
 the vices of war, — '' when the winds blew, and the 
 flov. is came," the edifice of greatness, built upon 
 the sand, fell into ruins. Then the mask was torn 
 away, and men showed themselves to be savages 
 at heart. The fairest city became most like hell. 
 No merely external civilization, with its grace of 
 manners, its attainments in art, its splendora of 
 architecture, or even its apparent progress in let- 
 ters, can stand. It is the civilization of principle 
 and character alone that is based upon a rock. 
 
 And shall we venture to name the other side of 
 the contrast ? Franco has been " weighed in the 
 balance, and found wanting." Shall we presume 
 to say that England and America, in the test 
 which these multiplied cau ?es of national iiTitation 
 have brought to their character, yet listening to 
 reason instead of rushing to arms, have been 
 weighed in the balance also, and not found want- 
 ing ? The faults of England are clear enough to 
 American eyes. We do not dwell upon them now, 
 — th- wrongs at home, abroad, on every continent 
 whi< 11 her flag has covered. The faults of Amer- 
 
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 ica are also plain, — the growing corruption of her 
 cities and her politics. Though her one appalling 
 crime of slavery has been washed out in blood, 
 perhaps atoned for by pnceless sacrifices of price- 
 less lives, blots enough remain to change all boasts 
 into confessions. What patriot is not at times dis- 
 heailened by the yet unsolved problems in respect 
 to universal education, to national character itself, 
 which will determine our future history? God 
 knows how profoundly we need all true human 
 effoi*t-s, and providential guidance, to accomplish 
 our true mission for right and liberty. Still the 
 splendid fact remains, that controversies embracing 
 many causes of dispute, relating to acts that swept 
 our commerce from the seas, and perilled the very 
 existence of the republic in its hour of agony, 
 when it seemed tottering to its fall, that these are 
 to be settled by argument instead of arms. With 
 all their ftiults, England and America are civilized 
 enough to accomplish a triumph of peace that 
 transcends all the victories of war. 
 
 It is a triumph of Christian civilization which 
 we rejoice in to-day. Here is the reason why I 
 regard it not only with joy, but with hope. Our 
 text says, "N^either shall they learn war any 
 more." Seven hundred years before the day of 
 
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 Jesus, the prophet looked Oii, and on, into the 
 future, to a time in which men should " beat their 
 swords into ploughshares," "to pruning hooks 
 their spears." Eighteen hundred years after the 
 Prince of Peace has come, it seems to need an 
 equally prophetic eye to look on, and on to that 
 distant day of joy. Sometimes we fear that this 
 day of prophecy will never come. We almost 
 question whether the prophet did not mistake 
 some vision of heaven, of the harmony of angels, 
 for the possible life of men. N^ot only are men 
 still learning war, but they learn it now as they 
 never learned it in all preceding centuries. In 
 the collection of arms of different periods in the 
 Tower of London, may be seen the wondrous 
 progress of invention, from the rude weapons of 
 a former day, to the perfected ones of the present 
 hour. Science and thought have been tasked, 
 century after century, to fashion more destructive 
 missiles of death. Even the arts of industry have 
 not made greater progress than those of war. 
 Civilization makes the rifle more deadly, gives the 
 cannon a more terrific range, and sends the shell 
 for miles in its awful curve, as a demon of fire, 
 crashing through private dwellings, or splendid 
 cathedrals, on its errand of destruction and death. 
 
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 The. beneficent forces of nature are turned inio 
 engines of warfare, as if men would bring even 
 the attributes of omnipotence to the work of 
 slaughter. They shall learn war no more, do we 
 say ? Russia seems to be arming her millions 
 and mustering for battle. Prussia has become a 
 camp, and outstrips former masters in the art of 
 war, in the far-reaching plans of her military 
 leaders, and the earthquake shock of her armies, 
 shattering an empire in a day. England, Amer- 
 ica, task themselves to construct the impregnable 
 fortress, to build the ship which no shot can pierce, 
 to fill their arsenals with the most perfect enginery 
 of war. Princes and peoples are still striving to 
 learn what the prophet predicted they should for- 
 get. Still, the prophet was not wrong. He did 
 not merely speak of a long-distant future. His 
 prophecy begins to be realized to-day. Blessed 
 are our eyes to see the promise of a coming dawn. 
 Somehow, by all its manifold and nameless influ- 
 ences, by the power of education, by the silent 
 might of Christian feeling, swaying the minds 
 of citizens and statesmen, — somehow, under God's 
 overruling providence, a civilization has come 
 which has prepared two nations for the peaceful 
 settlement of disputes. The promise and glory of 
 
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 this event is, that it seems an outgrowth of the 
 nation's character. For this reason, we repeat, it 
 is a basis of hope. A low degree of progress 
 in the individual man, or in the nation, will never 
 permit the peaceful appeal to reason. The brutal- 
 ized, barbaric man must fight. Lift men up to a 
 true civilization, educate them to recognize the 
 sovereignty of thought and justice, and they out- 
 grow barbaric appeals, and bow to the simple voice 
 of truth as both diviner and mightier than the 
 sword. 
 
 God be thanked that this triumph of peace 
 comes to balance the discouragement amidst the 
 savage outbreaks of international and civil war. 
 Always God sets his bow in the cloud, and 
 causes it to span the heavens after every deluge, 
 to re-assure our hearts and hopes. We know 
 not when nations will rise above the appeal to 
 arms. Sometimes wars must come. When na- 
 tional existence and freedom itself are at stake, 
 as in our own day of trial, lovers of their coun- 
 try and of liberty must meet the terrible neces- 
 sity with the soul of heroes. Those who rush 
 to such a strife, like our own citizen armies, are 
 not mere soldiers. Those who fall in a cause so 
 sacred are martyrs. You will help to decorate 
 
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 their graves during this coming weclc, as a sym- 
 bol of a nation's deathless gratitude. Such 
 graves are shrines, and voices come from them 
 to inspire us to recognize the supremacy of prin- 
 ciple and right. Ko sepulchre of lv*ng or war- 
 rior, in the Old "World, though in itself a tri- 
 umph of art, is half so eloquent as the rows of 
 graves in one of our national cemeteries, — graves 
 of those perishing from wounds or starved in 
 prisons, whose names even were unknown, but 
 who were among the holy sacrifices for liberty. 
 Such contests have come, when loyal men, lovers 
 of liberty, must be faithful unto death. Perhaps 
 they may come again. Still, more and more, 
 civilized men will be prepared to submit to the 
 ■ control of reason, and nations will appeal to the 
 tribunal of justice instead of the arbitrament of 
 arms. I do not look for the triumijhs of peace 
 as the result of arguments in its behalf. It is 
 easy to show the folly and waste, as well as the 
 terrible devastations and bloodshed of war. The 
 argument is unanswerable. But argument is 
 powerless when men live in the domain of pas- 
 sion instead of reason. Brutalized, passionate 
 men are as deaf to reason as the brutes them- 
 selves. In the true civilization that develops 
 
 
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16 
 
 
 manhood, the peaceful adjustments of national 
 disputes will become as natural as the l)attle for 
 barbaric races. It is a great thing to produce 
 any special reform in the world's action. The 
 whole ocean must be stirred in order to raise 
 the tide at a single point. But then it will pour 
 into every creek and inlet, and fill every channel 
 open to its floods. To secure one splendid 
 moral victory in the life of states, the truer civ- 
 ilization must come to uplift thought, sentiment, 
 character. That civilization is coming. The 
 omnipotent influences are at work to affect the 
 action of governments and the character of na- 
 tions. The leaven of Christian truth has been 
 hid in the mass of human thought, to leaven the 
 whole at last. Long centuries it has seemed to 
 be buried from our sight. We have raised the 
 old despairing cry, "Where is the promise of its 
 coming ? " The coral insect, in its countless 
 generations, works on perhaps for centuries at 
 the bottom of the sea. But by-and-by it fash- 
 ions rocks that lift themselves above the waves, 
 on which fair islands are formed, rich with veg- 
 etation gi'cen as that of Paradise. ^Now and 
 then the coming Christian civilization reveals its 
 power, hurling slavery from its ancient founda- 
 
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 tions, settling controversies, securing peace be- 
 tween disagreeing nations. It shall accomplish 
 the thing whercunto it is sent. Look through 
 the prophet's eyes to the coming of that better 
 day, and be glad. 
 
 What a magnificent service to a true civiliza- 
 tion England and America can render! Linked 
 together by a common parentage and a common 
 tongue, — among the foremost in resources, cul- 
 ture, power, — spanning the globe with their set- 
 tlements, — holding up the principles of peace in 
 their intercourse with one another, — they may 
 gradually shame or inspire Christendom to ap- 
 peal to reason rather than to anns. There are 
 men who seem inclined to stir up strife between 
 these kindred nations. Politicians play upon the 
 people's resentments to pave the way to personal 
 aggrandizement. But while they thus place 
 themselves with the enemies of true civilization, 
 they cannot hinder its triumph. Twice already 
 irritating controversies between England and 
 America have had a peaceful settlement. This 
 present treaty will be ratified on the other side 
 of the ocean as cordially as here. These two 
 kindred nations will not. leara war with one 
 another any more. Joined together by a cable 
 
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 bejicath the sea, they shall henceforth be joined 
 m the closer bonds of amity. "What is truest 
 and best in either nation will be mutually trans- 
 mitted to one another, till each shall receive the 
 highest eidture and progress of both, and gain a 
 double inheritance of greatness. Hail to the 
 event that makes such a consunnnation possible, 
 with its promise to ourselves and to the world. 
 Celebrate it at Christian altars, and gladly give 
 one Sabbath to thanlvsgiving for such a victory 
 of the Prince of Peace. 
 
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