IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // {./ "m. ^ .^A-^* '^^ >% .% < ^° M^ % :/. 4/. 10 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■ 50 "I^S 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 14. 111.6 a Photographic Sciences Corporation m rtV ^Q \\ ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent 3tre filmds 6 d'9s taux die reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 6 partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche 6 droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 . 5 6 VICTORIA iSS^-Queeint 8c Empress- i88p r()ki;Nro ''fAlini) back;' FBUM l&m T(> 1847, ,-i,^-*« t'^^'lK / S ItJBILEE ■,v*„-«^ .«>,-^tAl;^i:.e»{f E-S WTENOINO (>?«B THE ABOVE ceuiOD, lN<'!.f-liiNf3 -« /-IT WiNIUSO hYSTidM THftOU«H THE UNITED STATES. D AND RliVISEl) EDITION ■w- mt mfM rttwM mm to inm, thk o^kning and • :-;!► COt-CNt.'.!. KXHJljjriu.V, WITH A KOLL ;.a*-»i JuuiLKK m msmm, Toronto^ tTUtstiatfous. -.^ff, v,^».r,.AVvt>K WITH BRUHJIM, HV KIVAS TULLV. IN 1S47 A.SD 1«86, AND - .* .W4>1!0. ' Xf NOBAM CRAWFORD TaYLOR, ^* )\TO iS'R BV - ^I'REET EAST. J T A i i iBSp-QtjT ^T^^ . . :j;3S- i88p / TORONTO ''CALLED BACK, M FROM 1888 TO 1847, AND THE QUEEN'S JUBILEE. THE WONDERFUL GROWTH AND PROGRESS OF TORONTO, ESPECIALLY AS AN IMPORTING CENTRE, WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES ; AND REMINISCENCES EXTENDING OVER THE ABOVE PERIOD, INCLUDING THE INTRODUCTION OF THE BONDING SYSTEM THROUGH THE UNITED ST'tTES. THE PRESENT ENLARGED AND REVISED EDITION CONTAINS THE PROGRESS OF THE CITY FROM 1888 TO 1888, THE OPENING AND COSING OF THE LONDON AND COLONIAL EXHIBITION, WITH A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE QUEEN'S JUBILEE IN LONDON, TORONTO, AND OTHER PLACES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. ALSO, A VIEW OF THE PROPOSED ESPLANADE WITH BKIIKJES, BY KIVA4 TULLY, ESQ., IN 1850, VIEWS OF THE CITY IN 1847 AND 1886, AND A MAP OF TORONTO. BY CONYNGHAM CRAWFORD TAYLOR, OJ Her MajeHly'H Cnxlom*. TORONTO : PUBLI.SHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY WILLIAM BRKKiS, 78 .S: 80 KFNCl STREKT HAS I'. 1888. .Hi, i* i Kntered according to the Aut nf *>,■> r. ■• "T = thousand ejht hundrt;\:'. \';CS:"l:'cor ^' '" '""^ ^^ »' -' ^°«i one office of the Minister of Agriculturlat otLa ''°''''""'"'' ^'^-^°''"' Tavloe. in the r Lord one 'OR, in the !^ HON. JOHN BEVERLEY KOBINSON, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF ONTARIO. ■-.]:f TO ?Iic gon. goTm gcucrlcij glolrlusou, LIKUTENAXTCOVERNOROFONTAIilO, (Son ok the Utb Hos. Sir Jons Buvkbluy Bohwsos, Bahos.t, Chibk JrsT.CK ok Uppbr Cakada), " ■"■■-■'•"'•■ • WHO, As Private Citizen, Mayok, Member of Parliament, or, as at Present, THE Representative OF HER MAJESTY, QUEEN VICTORIA, ' In the Premier Provinck of the Dominion, has alwavs Exhibited the \Varmk8T Intkrest is ai.l that has tended to S'romotk thk (tRowth and Progress of Toronto, whether in ..RTs, sciences, literature, keligion, trade, commekce. OR mani;kacti;res, these pages are HESPKCTFfJIJ.V DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. M I PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. In the Chapter of Introduction I stated that "nothing would appear of which the writer was not an eye-witness," and that state- ment has been verified. In the present edition it is necessary to explain that the eighty additional pages contain, chiefly, accounts of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition and the celebration of the Queen's Jubilee, and 1 had hoped to have been present in England at either one or the other. Circumstances, however, over which I had no control, prevented me from seeing them, but what is given has been carefully selected from the most authentic sources, which are, however, so various as well as numerous, that it would be both tedious and unprofitable to credit them to their authors, especially as in weaving the web the original threads have in some instances changed their texture, though it is hoped without losing either their substance or their brilliancy. Being chiefly facts, however, and man_,, if not all, of a valuable character, the success of the first edition leads me to hope the present will be found still more use- ful and interesting. Many of the incidents related previously are now even more appropriate, having much in relation to the life and history of Her Majesty the Queen, from personal knowledge, although at the time not written with any view to the present Jubilee celebration. The progress of Toronto during the past year has had a full share of attention, and the statistics as to its growth and prosperity as a Commercial and Manufacturing Centre which arc given, cannot fail to interest everyone who is loyal to the fair City of Toronto. Toronto, Jvly, 1887. C. C. TAYLOR. '''^' m IZ v7'" ^'''™^' ^^^^ «^--l Sherwood. 86, for Potamac, read Potomac 164, for cook's gallery, read cook's galley. 323' ;:; ^^^7" «^^d-". -ad He„ry G. Baldwin. 323, for H. B. Chaffin, read H. B. Clafflin. d87, for deprive, read deprives. ! il Tar ..rrr: rtr »'-"--""--. t : pass i. over witho?, 1 Jf '■■ '"''^' P«"on'. ta.t<,, the, poli.ely damp on his spirits, "-^msmiw. ""^ ^^^ CONTENTS. Paoi Chapter of Introduction — Not an Autobiography, nor a Book of Travels, nor a Romance, nor yet a Political Dissei-tation of Fr«e Trade or Protection, but a Narrative of Facts from Personal Koow- ledge and Observation — Early Days — Todd, Bums & Co. and Pim Bros. & Co., Dublin— Incidents from 1841 to 1847 — Daniel O'Connell — Something like Fenianism — Father Matthew — Evan- gelical Alliance — Dublin Castle — Lord-Lieutenants — Reviews in Phoenix Park — Holiday Excursions — Donnybrook Fair — St. Pat- rick's Cathedral — Emigration — Departure for New York — First Impressions of New York — From New York to Toronto — Arrival. 9-46 1847 TO 1837. First Impressions of Toronto — Shopping — Appearance of Toronto in 1847 — Gossip— Incidents in 1847 — Richmond Street Wesleyau Church — Rov. James Caughey — A. & S. Nordheimer — Toronto Post Office — Toronto Gas and Water Works — The Circulating Medium — Store Pay — Retail Importing — Wholesale Trade in 1847 — Prominent Men in 1847 — Lord Elgin — Toronto Police Force — First Strike in Toronto — Immigrant Fever — Bathing — Great Fire on King Street in 1848 — Establishment of Celebration of Queen's Birthday — First Retail Dry Goods Store on Yonge Street — Selling on the Sterling Cost — Business Houses in Toronto 1847-1850 — Prominent Men in 1850 — A Tour of Observation — First Return Visit to Europe — Windsor Castle and Queen Victoria — Commence- ment of Commercial Travelling in Canada — Public Institutions — Financial Affairs in 1850 — Toronto in 1850 — Bonding System via United States— B'irst Great World's Fair in 1851— Turning the First Sod of the Northern Railway — Mayor Bowes — Lady }*]lgin — Tariff in 1850-1851— The Industrial Crystal Palace-The Esplanade — RoBsiu House — Mercantile Agencies — Erastus VViman — Paris in 1855— Passports— Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in Paris— Pro- cession en the Boulevards — The Queen at Versailles — Departure from Paris — Incidents During the Queen's Visit — The Imperial Cent Gardes— ^Paris Universal Exhibition — The Queen Opening Parlia- ment — Great Peace Rejoicings in London— Fireworks in Green Park— Great Naval Review at Portsmouth — The Queen's Arrival Fleet-Close of the First Decade 47-144 1fr viii. Contents. 1887 TO 1867. Financial Crisis in 1857 — Desjardins Canal Accident — Art Treasures Exhibition in Manchester — Queen's Reception in the Building — Royal Mail Cunard Steamer ' ' Persia " — Visit of the Prince of Wales to Canadc,' 1860 — Death of Prince Albert — Buying in Europe, its Pleasures and Responsibilities — Fenian Raid, 1806 — Decimal Currency and American Silver 145-176 1867 TO 1877. Confederation — Paris Universal Exposition, 1867 — Fenianism in Man- chester — Assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee, M.P. — Tariflfs of P]ngland, United States and Canada from 1869 to 1876— Metro- politan Church— Toronto in 1870, 1871 — Return of Rev. Dr. Punshon to England— St. James' Cathedral Clock 177-194 1877 TO 1886. Protection versus a Revenue Tariff— Exhibition Buildings — Marquis of Lome and H.R.H. the Princess Louise — Farewell Visit of the Vice-regal Party — Arrival of the Marquis of Lansdowne — First Visit to Toronto — The Semi-Centennial Celebration — Captain Joseph Dutton, R.N. — Population of British Cities — Comparative Population of Seven Canadian Cities — Climate of Toronto — Snow — The Toboggan — Departure of Toronto Troops for the North - West — Return of the Toronto Contingent — Arrival at North Toronto — How to see Toronto in 1886 — Toronto the Centre of the Dominion — Population and Assessment Returns — Toronto Street — Population of Toronto at Different Periods — Value of Buildings Erected During the Years 1882-1885 — Commercial Travellers' Association — Toronto Custom House —Civil Service Examinations — Total Imports to Toronto since 1849 — Coal Imported to Toronto in 1885— Coal Produced at Nanaimo, B.C. — The Imports of Toronto Compared with Cities in the United States — Exports from Toronto in 1885 195-238 1886. Introductory — Ontario Assembly in 1866 — State Dinner at Govern- ment House — Toronto Board of Trade — Banks in Toronto — Public Companies — Assets of Banks in Canada — Toronto Gas Works — Toronto Water Works- Meat Markets and Horses of Toronto — Toronto a Manufacturing City — Toronto Manufactures — Percent- age of Growth of Manufactures in 60 Years — J. & J. Taylor, Toronto Safe Works— Taylor Bros.— Brown Bros. & Co. — Rolph r; i! \ Contents. IX. 1886— Con.. MAP or THE CITY OP A R B O CITV OF TORONTO. 11 "m > H ' lu ■/^.U' ^' .,- '■ K i^' TORONTO "CALLED BACK." CHAPTER OF INTRODUCTION. I IJO not intend to write an autobiography. In "calling back " from memory the facts and incidents to be related, there was no intention of their ever meeting the public eye, but they were written partly for recreation and partly for personal and family gratification. As, however, nothing will appear of which the writer was not an eye-witness, it may be that in narrating scenes of life in Dublin, or in describing grand sights witnessed in London, or Paris, or the great Naval Review at Portsmouth, the interest of some reader may be so awakened, on either side of the Atlantic, as to lead him to tui'n to an account of the growth and progress of Toronto. Since the writer's first trip to Europe from this city he has influenced a number of families to make it their home, and they in turn have influenced others ; and should in the future any capitalist, manufacturer, or any other desirable citizen of any other city or country, be induced to adopt Canada, and especi- ally Toronto, as his future place of residence, and contribute in any way to its wealth and population, his object will be attained. Nor do I intend to write a book of travels. There are gifted individuals who, having made a trip across the Atlantic, and " run through " from Liverpool to London, then over the 2 lO Toronto ^' Called Buik.^' il! Continent, and perhaps gone; roinul the world in 00 days, have the faculty of writing so easily, that on their return home they write a book ; but the present writer makes no preten- sions to such literary ability, although, from an average of travels of 10,000 miles a year, by sea and land, for many years, materials might be furnished fur such a purpose. One coidd tell of passages made in nearly all the old Cunard Royal Mail steamers, — the Asm, Africa, Arahia, America, Earopa, Niagara, and Persia., the last of the ocean paddle- wheel steamers crossing the Atlantic (the Scotia only excepted); with recollections of the celebrated (Jommanders, who had the proud boast of never having lost a life, — Lott, Stone, Leitch, Harrison, Shannon, and ( 'ommodore Judkins ; also of the splendid steamers of the Inman Line, then of our own Allan Line, and occasional trips in the " White Star;" of hairbreadth 'scapes from rocks and icebergs, of storms and winds, from the gentle zephyr tlirough all the gradations ot ships' "log" record, — lijxht and strong breezes, half jjales and whole jjales, thunder stoinis, hurricanes, and tremendous hurricanes, with an occasional cyclone, described Ity a writer as "a magnificent scene: The whole ocean, from the central speck on which he stood to the vast vanishing circle of the horizon, as one. boundless, boiling cauldron. " Millions of waves simultaneously leaping in thunder from the abyss and rearing themselves into blue mountain peaks, capped with white foam and sparkling in the sunlight for a moment, to be swallowed up in the darkness of the roaring deep the next. A lashing, tossing, heaving, falling, foaming, glancing rise and fall of liquid mountains and valleys, awful but ravishing to look upon." And then might turn to beautiful, calm weather, pleasant company, music, games, mock trials; splendid bills of fare — four meals a day, with every delicacy that money could procure ; refined society, comprising distinguished statesmen, ambassadors v;ith their suites, celebrated divines and historians, poets and men of leisure, merchant princes and buyers, representing all the large mercantile houses, some of the best patrons of the Chapter of Introducliou. II (lays, have turn hoJiie no prcten- avcrage of uany years, old Canard I, A')neYu-a, ean paddle- y^ excepted) ; rho had the one, Leitcli, ilso of the own Allan hairbreadth kvinds, from ihipsi' " lotif " whole gales, nes, with an magnificent c on which zon, as one under from itain peaks, ilight for a the roaring ig, foaming, ys, awful er, pleasant fare — four Id procure ; mibassadors 5, poets and jsenting all rons of the ocean steamers; also of people of all nationalities, English, Irish, Scotch, American, Frencli, German, Italian, Portugufso, Turks, Spaniards, Russians, and Japanese; of tlu; hardships of the steerage as well as the luxury of the saloon; all of whicli might make a readable volume. In the liands of the distinguished novelist, Wilkie Collins, whom I have heard read from his own works in this city, the facts with which I could furnish him might l)e woven into a romance c(|ual in interest to the " Wojuan in White. " The inimitable Dickens, whouj I have also hoard and by wliose tombstone — which, amongst the numberless monuments in Uie Poets' Corner, Westminst«;r Abbey, in memory of the great poets, essayists, novelis:t9 and dramatists in past centuries, is most reu)arkable for its plainness, and without any epitaph but "Dickens" — 1 afterwards stood, could have produced out of the materials a book (juite as true to life as " Martin Chuzzlewit." Or the lamented Hugh Conway might liave given to the world another volume quite as popular as " Called Back ;" but simple facts and " a plain, unvarnished tale " are all that are oll'ered in these pages. A resilience for several years in Lancashire, with an oppor- tunity of seeing the working of the principle of B'ree Trade ; afterwards six year.s travelling through the United States, and sending large orders to be shipped from England to the prin- cipal cities, from Baltimore to St. Louis, in the face of a tarifi" which averaged GO per cent., and watcliing tl.v.^ growth of the manufacturing industries during that time ; and, in addition to all this, the experience of an importer to Toronto, with a iaritF gradually increasing from 12 J per cent, to 25 per cent., ought to furnish some valuable information. But in writing on the growth and progress of Toronto, it is best to allow every person to draw his own conclusions as to whether our city has been benefited by the multiplication of manufacturing establishments, as well as to the question of how far she is indebted to the present policy for their success. To go over the ground taken by those who so ably and l l flW f" 12 Toronto " Called Back!' \ .1 i i I !|[ beautifully described the progress of Toronto in its civic and political phases during the , -;: ^ ; SEMI-CENTENNIAL ;; from 1834 to 1884, would be quite superfluous. The programme of the celebration itself forms a splendid record of the events which transpired during that period. The grand tableaux in the daily processions, illustrating the progress of the city, from the rude and uncivilized to the high state of refinement at the present time, were most striking and impressive. If, however, the growth and progress of TorGn<"j as an im- porting centre has been given, the writer has never seen it^ and yet, in this respect, there are distinct marks of contrast between the present and the past which are not only sti iking but marvellous. • Perhaps, with the exception of London and Chicago, no other city in the world has made such rapid strides in the march of progress, and this it will be my endeavor to show to the best of my ability. ' : ' ' Early Days. " I have observed, that a reader seldom peruses a book with pleasure till he knows whether the writer of it be a black or a fair man." — Addison. My uncle. Dr. Conyngham Crawford, having refused to accept a commission in the British Army offered by the Marquis of Conyngham, on account of religious scruples on the part of his parents, adopted the medier4,l profession, and came to the United States, where he became a celebrated physician and lecturer in one of the medical colleges in Philadelphia. Having no pros- pect of a family, he expressed the wish that my parents should call me after him, partly from a wish to perpetuate the name in our branch of the family, and with the intention of leaving me his property should I survive him. When school days came I was, at his request, educated with a view of qualifying for the same profession. Having mastered the course of classics required for the examination at Apothe- Chapter of Introdtidion. 13 civic and rogramme ihe events rating the 3 the high •iking and as an im- jr seen it^ f contrast y sti iking 0, no other e march of o the best ith pleasure AMison. \ to accept lanjuJs of lart of his ,he United ecturer in no pros- its should the name 3f leaving pated with mastered It Apothe- caries' Hall, Dublin, which was necessary as preparatory for the studies for the degree of Medical Doctor, I was about to enter for examination, when, in my thirteenth year, news came of my uncle's death, /- .',.,• The letters from the executors contained a copy of his will, in which all his property, real and personal, was left to me. Glad to find that I should not be compelled to continue the study of medicine, which I never fancied, I decided to enter into a mercantile life, and through the introduction of a per- sonal and intimate friend of Mr. Todd's, soon entered the cele- brated house of Todd, Burns k, Co., the youngest lad who had ever entered on a salary. ;■ ;- •' ^ - ; ;; r ^ r " v" :■ ■ As I may describe another of these splendid establishments, for which Dublin has since become so famous, I shall only give a general ider. of this house, so well known to all travellers from America. When I entered there, in 1840, it was the largest house in Great Britain ; the houf.3 of Shoolbi'ed & Co., of Tottenham- Court Road, London, being its only equal as to the number of employees, while inferior in amount of trade done. : ' ' ' Including fifty well-educated lads from Scotland, there were 400 living on the premises, and for comfort of domestic arrange- ments, strict system, and thorough discipline, the house could not be excelled in the world at the time. There being an opinion in America that apprentices to the dry goods trade in the Old Country are badly paid, I shall ju.st state the terms on which these boys were engaged and kept for five years. Tn addition to first-class board, with comfortable bed-rooms, use of reading-rooms and magnificent library, each boy was paid £5 the first year, and £5 advance the succeeding four years, when they were at liberty to remain or leave for a better situation. The oversight of their moral and commercial training was particularly attended to, and a schoolmaster kept in the house for their general education. This was attended to every even- ing in a splendid school-room devoted to the purpose, with every school requisite. . ' '4 Toronto " Called Back." Todd. Burns & Oo. The house of Todd, Burns & Co. is situated at the corner of Mary and Jervis Streets, and within sight of Nelson's Pillar in Sackville Street and the General Post Office at the corner. '"'.'. Along this street any fine day might be seen a long line of carriages, representing the wealth, beauty and fashion of the citj', only surpassed by the brilliant display of equipages on the occasion of a levee, drawing-room, or ball at the Castle. A walk to the Post Office, at the corner of Sackville and Mary Streets, at nine o'clock any night, afforded a most enjoyable sight, especially in summer when it was clear daylight. Nine Royal Mail coaches stood in the Post Office yard to receive the mails, each with coachman and guard in scarlet and gold. A gun- smith was always in attendance to examine the cavalry pistoLs^ and blunderbus of each guard to see they were in perfect order, and while the clock was striking the hour the thorough- breds, four-in-hand, prancing and rearing, emerged from the yard into Sackville Street, while the guards vied with each other in their performances on their key bugles. In Sackville Street the horses were let go to do their ten miles an hour, a beautiful sight to behold. .., .v:.,^,:. ^ , ;- ,• ; - 4- While a large wholesale trade was done, the chief feature of the establishment was the extensive retail branch, conducted strictly on the departmental system, each department man- aged by a buyer. The system of introducing custon".ers to the different depart- ments was managed by Messrs. Todd and Burns personally, assisted by a large staff of superintendents, the principals giving special attention to the humbler classes, while the more aristocratic were looked after by the superintendents. The domestic arrangements for the accommodation of so many younj; men were very complete, and the diet excellent ; whether the moral tone was improved or not by the use of beer, a barrel of that beverage was made to disappear every day. The house of Todd, Burns & Co. still maintains its high rank amongst the great establishments of Britain. Chapter of Introduction. *s e corner of I's Pillar in jorner. long line of lion of the uipages on Castle, ckville and it enjoyable fht. Nine receive the Id. A gun- airy pistoU in perfect 3 thorough - d from the with each n Sackville an hour, a feature of conducted nent man- ent depart- jersonally, principals tl;e more fcion of so excellent ; ise of beer, y day. high rank I left on account of greater inducements to assist in the establishment of the house of ,; 1 '■ - Pirn Bros. & Co. , This firm, composed of three brothers, Jonathan, William, and Thomas, a leu ling family of the Society of Friends, had been in an exclusively wholesale business in William Street up to the year 1841. At this time an old military barracks in South Great St. George's Street, oft' Dame Street, and in the vicinity of Stephens' Green, Merrion Square, and other fashionable localities, was guarded by sentries, when Messrs. Pirn Bros. — thinking an estab- lishment on the south side of the Liff*ey, similar to that of Todd Burnc & Co. on the north, would be equally successful — con- ceived the idea of buying the property, which was about to be abandoned by the Government. Tney were not long in putting their ideas into practice. Having turned the premises into a warehouse, they set about to engage competent young men to conduct the business, and as even a year's experience in the house of Todd, Burns & Co. was a great recommendation, I had only to make application to get an engagement; and in this way twenty-five were engaged, the writer being the youngest. With this staff*, from which the buyers and managers were selected, we commenced to lay the foundation of what in seven years became the model house of Great Britain, and has con- tinued to grow ever since, till at the present time it has attained to the same position there that the house of A. T. Stewart & Co. occupied for so many years in America. The principle on which this great house was founded was to throw the whole responsibility on the heads of the departments, the firm not interfering in any way except to supply unlimited capital, and allow the results of each stock-taking to show the merits or demerits of the managers. WHien fully organized there were twenty-two regular depart- ments, the business of each being kept as distinct as if in different buildings, and as this was the first house in which this system was discovered and applied, a brief description of its i6 Toronto " Called Back!' workin The system of daily business was strictly regular, commenc- > ing exactly at 8 o'clock, and ending at 7 in summer and 6 in winter. During these hours a continuous line of carriages I might be seen extending nearly half the length of the street, a watchman in livery always in e.ttendance outside to take messages and parcels. For six years the house was never without workmen con- stantly employed in carrying out extensions and improvements, ;|as number after number on the street Avas added, and continued * to go on during all my subsequent visits to the city up till a- comparatively recent period ; and only a few days ago I heard the enlargement was still going on. The average sales in the retail department alone, all for cash, i were £1,000 sterling per day in 1847. In addition to the inside business of the house were the manu- ' facturing departments: the celebrated poplins employed several hundred hands; the grey calicos, at Greenmount Spinning Works, owned by the firm, and the manufacture of upholstery. 1 20 Toronto '' Called Back.'' trimmings, and paper and leather branches employed several hundreds more ; and such was the enterprise of the tirm that a time of depression was unknown. Even during the potato famine, in 1846, there was no falling off in the business, although this might have been expected in some of the departments, such as jewellery and silks, yet the sales showed no diminution. ■ \- : ^ ; ^ i ROUTINE OF DAILY BUSINESS. ,. The first bell rang at 7.30, when the junior hands and porters went down to sweep and dust — the former inside the counters, the latter outside. At 8 o'clock the .second bell rang for all others to be in their departments. At the same time a porter stood at the main entrance, watching the clock opposite, over the main stairway, and precisely to the minute the doors were opened, when a large number of customers, who waited for the time to arrive, would be admitted. The arrangements for meals were posted up in the library every Monday morning, showing a division into three classes, which changed alternately every week, giving all an equal privilege as to time. At 8.30 the first bell for breakfast was the signal for the first class, at 9 for the second, and at 9.30 for the third, no one being allowed to leave his place till his reliever returned. Dinner and tea were arranged on the same principle. The weather was the only thing that affected our daily busi- ness, the complaint of hard times or falling off in trade being quite foreign to us. < — : >. , ■ ,., ,* The short hours of business, especially on the long summer days — part of the time being clear daylight till 10 o'clock — gave • us all a fine opportunity for enjoyment and recreation. Those who preferred tc reaiain at home had the advan- tage of a magnificent library, which, although established by a monthly contribution from each young man (which was com- pulsory), had become the property of the firm. This, with the news room, containing all the leading magazines, periodicals, and latest newspapers, was an inestimable boon, and highly appreciated by the lovers of literature. At 11 o'clock precisely the door was locked ; and so strict -m --* ■ Chapter of Introduction. red several firm that a the potato 13, although apartments, diminution. and porters he counters, i-ang for all .me a porter >posite, over doors were lited for the crements for ay morning, \ alternately nrnal for the ,he third, no rer returned, le. r daily busi- trade being ons summer 'clock — gave ,ion. the advan- .blished by a ch was com- his, with the 1, periodicals, and highly and so strict was the rule, I have seen the porter refuse to turn back the key in the lock to admit a late-comer, the transgressor of the rule being obliged to seek lodgings elsewhere, with the certainty of a reproof in the morning, and, if repeated, of dismissal. At 11.80 a superintendent went I'ound every room with a dark lantern to see that every one was in his proper bed, and all lights put out. Every morning the house doctor went round the rooms, and if any were sick, or sfcamming, a sick diet was immediately prescribed ; and on Sundays, if any remained in their rooms, whether to carry on a flirtation with the good-looking chamber- maids or from a fit of laziness, the same sick diet was prescribed. The cooking arrangements were perfect. Twenty legs of mutton could be roasted at one time, while the stewing, steam- ing, and boiling in the same range all went on at the same time ; one hundred loaves of Manders' celebrated bread were cut by a machine daily. . %. The domestic arrangements of the house generally would well repay a visit from travellers. The magnificent plate-glass front of the house, comprising from 74 to 88 in consecutive numbers in the street, was on a fine day lined with carriages, while this line sometimes ex- tended beyond. We select one out of many of the equipages for description. Look at this , , . " EQUIPAGE and its appointments. Mark the exquisite balance of that claret-bodied chariot upon its springs ; the fine sway of the sumptuous hammer-cloth in which the smiling coachman sits bui'ied to the middle ; the exact fit of the saddles sitting into the curve of the horses' backs, so as not to break to the most careless eye the fine lines which exhibit action and grace. See, when they stand together, alert, fiery, yet obedient to the weight of a silken thread; and as the coachman sees you studying his turnout, observe the perceptible feel of the reins, and the just visible motion of his lips, conveying to the quick ear of his horses the premonitory, and to us inaudible, sound, while, with- r 22 Toronto " Called Back.'' ' \\i hi ■I out drawing a haii-breadth upon the traces, they paw their fine hoofs and expand their nostrils impatiently. Come nearer, and observe not a speck or a raised hair on those glossy coats. Observe the nice tit of the vlead black harness, the modest crest upon the panel, the delicute picking out of white upon the panels, and if you would v^^nture upon a freedom of manners, look in through the window of rose-tinted glass and see the luxurious cushions, and the costly and splendid adap- tation of the interior. One of the twin-mated footmen waits upon my lady as she completes her p irchases, and as she, with a charming smile, .says good-bye to the salesman — who had recognized a carriage customer before she had spoken ten words, was ctu-tain of it as soon as she took off her glove, and had enjoyed a tefe-a-t^fe for which a Prince Royal might sigh and an ambassador might negotiate in vain — hi nds the parcel to the footman, who with silver-headed stick attends her ladyship to the door. The twin footman flies to the carriage door, the small foot presses on the carpeted step, the airy vehicle yields lightly and recovers from the slight weight of the descending form, the coachman inclines his ear for the half-suppressed order from the footman, and off whirls the admirable structure as if horses, footmen, and chariot were but the parts of some com- plicated centaur — some swift-moving monster upon legs and wheels. Mr. Thomas Pirn combined business with pleasure. He owned a yacht, and was the only member of the Bristol Yacht Club who was not by birth a nobleman. In the winter the skipper was appointed to work in the vi'arehouse. Mr. Pirn always kept a saddle-horse in the city, and had daily rides in the Phoenix Park. His residence wa^ Monkstown Castle, near Kingstown. In 1846, the potato crop having failed, we never saw one for six months. This increased the consumption of bread in the house to an enormous extent. The bakers' attempt to raise the price of bread was checked by Mr. Pirn's threat to open large public bakeries, and sell at a Chapter of Introduction. ,w their fine nearer, and ;lossy coats, the modest white upon freedom of id fflass and endid adap- ' lady as she rmin<5 smile, ;d a carriage i-tain of it as 'ete-a-Ute for isador min;ht m, who with r. le small foot s lightly and ig form, the order from ucture as if some com- )on legs and easure. He Bristol Yacht 3 winter the Mr. Pim daily rides town Castle, saw one for )read in the small profit, adding, that if the people would not buy his bread he would put a slice of bacon in every loaf. As an instance of the generosity of this firm, Mr. John West, for many years head superintendent, having taken a trip to America, speculated largely in lands near Chicago. After spending a few years in Paris as agent for their celebrated poplins, for which thirteen prize medals have been obtained, he determined to return to America and settle on his property. Before leaving he was invited to a supper given by the firm, when on turning up his plate he found a cheque for £1,000 sterling placed there as a parting gift. And this firm, with its princely revenues, army of a-ssistants, thousands of dependents, its several branch establishments and numerous agents, all working with a clockwork regularity in- comprehensible to the muddling proceedings of Ordnance, Horse Guards, Admiralty, Woods and Forests and Public Works, is a model of the firms which organize the labor of the staple trade of Great Britain. Neither are the principals money- grabbing drudges. They can afford time, as we have seen, for healthful recreation ; neither do any of their dependents appear to be overworked. Such is the establishment of which the writer had the honor of beinsf one of the founders. INCIDENTS FROM 1841 TO 1847. Daniel O'Oonnell. '''" No name will remain more prominently on the pages of Irish history than that of Daniel O'Connell. His persuasive oratory, his brilliant wit, and laughter-provoking humor, attracted great crowds to listen to his speeches in Conciliation Hall. While his persevering efforts in the House of Commons were the best proof of his patriotism, it may be, that had he confined his am- bition to the attainment of a "Home Rule" for Ireland, he might have succeeded at the time in seeing his object accom- \ hfvm ■iMMI 24 Toronto " Called liackr m i plished. In 1843 he confidently .stated that the great repeal year had arrived, the repeal of the union beinr/ avowedly the object he had in view. As liistory appears to be repeating itself in Ireland, when a Lord Mayor refused to hoist the city Hag on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales in 1885, and, while 1 write, the new Lord Mayor is said, in a despatch from Dublin, to join in a movement to erect a monument to the th^ee Fenians who were executed in Manchester for the murder of Policeman Brett, one is reminded that, nearly forty years ago, the celebrated Daniel O'Connell, having been elected Lord Mayor amidst scenes of terror and riot, was said to have displayed his feelings by having the statue of King William III. in College Green painted bronze with as much green as possible. Th'^ celebrated equestrian statue, said to be the finest in Europe, had a short time before been overturned by an explosion of gunpowder, and, after its re-erection, was painted orange and blue — the Trinity College students, close by, taking great pains on the 12th of July to add decorations of ribbons and flowers of the same color. The agitation for the repeal of the union was prosecuted with systematic vigor by its advocates. The city was divided into districts, and house-to-house visitation carried on by the collectors of the " repeal renti" and as some of the contributors showed considerable ignorance of the nature of the object, they sometimes innocently stated their belief that the repeal would be over next week "for sure," and the knowing ones, to help the joke, would tell them it was coming over from England " in three ships." The climax of the excitement on this question was reachc I by Mr. O'Connell issuing a proclamation calling a mass-me^Lri?g to be held upon the Strand of Clontarf, a suburb of the city, near the Hill of Howth. All went well for the cause until the afternoon of the day before the meeting. In the meantime the guards on the Bank of Ireland, the Castle, and all the barracks, were doubled, and orders issued for supplies of rations for the men and provender for the horses as in the time of siege. Chapter of Introduction. ;^reat repeal vowedly the and, when a jasion of the I write, the , to join in a ns who were m Brett, one rated Daniel ,3t scenes of feelings by )Uege Green the finest in an explosion d orange and g great pains i and flowers s prosecuted was divided id on by the contributors object, they ■epeal would lones, to help England " in .his question on calling a ,rf, a suburb [well for the iting. Ireland, the irs issued for ,he horses as O'Connell promised that half a million of men wouM meet next day to show the British Government their strength, but not beinsr an advocate of " nhvsicnl force," like Smith O'Brien and the Young Ireland party, he warned them against any display beyond that of numbers. However, the Government, regarding these meetings as an attempt at intimidation, deter- mined to stop the proceedings, and a counter proclamation was issued that afternoon forbidding the meeting. This led to O'Connoll's advi.ing its postponement «ir?e die. Nevertheless, the Government, to effectually prevent any further demonstra- tion, inarched the troops through the city the next day. Fully 15,000 of all arms marched with fixed bayonets and drawn swords, while artillery and cavalry, with nets of hay attached to the s£^ddles and every arrangement for battle, made the [streets echo with their warlike tread. In the midst of this scene appeared Tom Steele, the " head [pacificator," waving a green branch under the immediate [direction of O'Connell himself, driving through the dense ; masses of people and advising them to retire peaceably to their [homes. The subsequent arrest and conviction of O'Connell, after a long trial in the four courts, on a charge of hifjh treason, lis a matter of history. The punishment was reduced to six fmonths' imprisonment in Richmond Bridewell, and here on any JSunday during that time might be seen thousands of people ill round the grounds, eager to catch a glimpse of his jolly face through the bars. Provisions, delicacies of all kinds, and variety of presents, with every manifestation of sympathy, rere given him to the fullest extent. ip At the expiration of the time he made his triumphal proces- iion through the city, seated on a large car drawn by four ^horses, with a white-bearded Irish harpist and some of his most lintimate friends around him. The procession, which was about &ix miles in length, halted at the Bank of Ireland, where the l^ast Irish Parliament had met, and round after round of cheers |were given, after which they passed on through the city. « By this step on the part of the Governmen peace was Secured, but from that time O'Connell's sovereignty ceased to 3 m i ! I % !i 4 I :Mi 1 ■sill 1 1 :|ili 26 Toronto " Called, Backy exist. He had led the peasantry in sight of the promised land, but failed to enter. The hot-headed Young Ireland party supplanted him, and a farcical rebellion followed under Smith O'Brien. The abortive O'Connell agitation resulted in nothing more than the uprising at Balgarry. The Liberator was essentially a man of peace, opposed to secret societies and everything resembling physical force. After a lapse of many years a statue has been erected to his memory, at the foot of Sackville Street. A monument repre- senting one of the round towers of Ireland stands close to the vault in which the body (except the heart, which was left in Rome, where he died,) is deposited. The writer, a few years ago, visited the beautiful cemetery of Glasnevin and entered the vault. The coffin was covered with fresh flowers gathered close by, the cemetery being a perfect flower garden. The Botanical Gardens, almost adjoining, are only excelled by Kew Gardens, in London, and contain ever}' specimen in botany, from the lily of the valley to the cedars of Lebanon. • • • ■• Something Like Fenianism. The establishment of Pim Bros. & Co. was so situated that it ran back to the wall of the Lower Castle yard. From our bed- room windows we could see the guard of cavalry parade, and had a view of the Chapel Royal connecting with the Castle itself. Whether it was the favorable position which the house occupied for an attack on the Castle, or not, a plot was dis- covered in which a large number of the young men were im- plicated. The police, having had private information, prepared for a descent on the estaolishment. » A large number of us usually went down to the Pigeon House Fort on Dublin Bay, as here there was deep water for a swim, and one morning, having gone as usual about o o'clock. on our return we found the police had been through the bed- rooms, expecting to find their prey. In their trunks papers I Chapter of Introduction. 27 mised land, him, and a 'he abortive ihe uprising Ln of peace, incr physical rected to his uneut repre- close to the 1 was left in 1 cemetery of covered with ing a perfect adjoining, are iontain every to the cedars tuated that it 'rom our bed- y parade, and le Castle itself. ;h the house plot was dis- men were im- repared for a to the Pigeon ep water for u jout o o'clock. -)Ugh the bed- trunks papers containing their commissions to various rank were found. Quite a number of arrests were made, and some who had been out for a swim, whose friends had been out on the watch to warn them, thinking discretion the better part of valor, made tracks for the land of liberty. Amongst the number was one who at present is doing a large business in Louisville, Kentuck3^ One of those who were arrested, and who held the commis- sion of captain, as his papers showed, was, up to a late date, a corset manufacturer in New York. The Government did not prosecute any of those who were arrested, so they were allowed ; to get out of the country, possibly for their country's good. '\ ' ' ; i. Father Matthew. During this time the Rev. Theobald Matthew, familiarly ''I known as Father Matthew, was busily engaged in his good ,; work of temperance and total abstinence. His influence over i the"" masses, especially of his own Church, was something re- i markable. On Sunday afternoons he was to be seen in the open square ■nt the back of the Custom House, administering the pledge to the thousands who knelt on the pavement while he passed from rank to rank placing his hand on the heed of each person. This was considered ecpivalent to taking a pledge, and each of hese received a medal, which no doubt was carefully preserved. Dr. Cuyler, of New York, said lately in a speech at Exeter all. London, that in 1842 he made his first speech by the side f Father Matthew in the City Hall, Glasgow. The doctor Stated he was then but a youth, and Father Matthew gave ;him a warm kiss, which he felt to be a kind of consecration ;fto temperance work. r .■ :■■ u- The writer has a pleasing re. ollection of attending one of Father Matthew's addresses, in front of a Roman Catholic hapel at Donnybrook, when also a youth, and also of the kind- ■|hearted, benevolent-looking father taking him by the hand, hich he warmly shook, and drawing him from the crowd to a osition near himself, where he stood to the close of the address. ;|i 28 Toronto " Called Back!' I : . 1 L; 1:!: 1 :;.:.i; i' H ij V'r, :il \ 'i ! 1 ■! :| Evangelical Alliance. ^ v- At this time the Evangelical Alliance was formed in London, and shortly after the formation of the Irish branch followed, in Dublin. Ministers of all Evangelical denominations united cordially on the seven fundamental points which constituted the basis, the English Church clergymen alone keeping aloof. Archbishop Whately, being opposed to the movement, issued a manifesto forbidding ministers under his jurisdiction to unite with the dissenters or nonconformists, » One curate refused to submit to his orders, and was deposed from his position. Being an old man with a family, and having no other means of support, great sympathy was shown in his case. A public meeting was held in the Rotunda, and resolu- tions passed sympathising with him and condemning the action of the Archbishop. At the same time meetings were held at v, ni..;i the action of the Alliance in London, in refusing to admit representatives of the Methodist Episcopal Church South into the Alliance, on the ground of the slavery then existing, was discussed. Bishop Soule, and his colleague. Rev, Mr. Sargent, came over as the Southern deputation to ask for admission, and were refused, it being proved that the Bishop himself held slaves at the time. - ■ The feeling at these meetings was very strong, and intensified by the presence, a short time before, of Frederick Douglas, who denounced the ^yhole system of Ainerican slaver}^ and from personal experience of the horrors of the lash, the gag, i kI the thumbscrew, had depicted the evil in such a way as * ; ry the feelings of his audiences completely away; and wi, i cr ? British feeling in favor of freedom, the American represeiioi- tives were allowed to return home to relate the failure of their mission, v-v^--,.,-,'. ,,,:- .' ■ »- ,.,,r ■„'■;:■; : Having had the pleasure of being present at the great Evan- gelical Conference held in New York about ten years ago, when representatives from every part of the civilized world were present, including a converted Brahmin in his nativ'^ costume, m Chapter of Introduction. 29 sd in London, ich followed, itions united ti constituted sping aloof, ement, issued ction to unite was deposed y, and having shown in his a, and resolu- insr the action the action of esentatives of jlliance, on the nt, came over 3n, and were leld slaves at nd intensified Douglas, who ry, and from gag .. 1 1 the y as ' ; ry nd wii. i or e n represeiio i- ilure of their great Evan- ars ago, when world were Ibtiv^ costumt', I could not help contrasting the circumstances with the feeble commencement — the growth and spread of this organization being truly wonderful. During the month of January, this year, the present Arch- bishop of Dublin assisted in the services of the Evangelical Alliance. ; ,. x' v f Dublin Castle. The balls at the Castle were the occasion of great excitement, their splendor equalling any given at Buckingham Palace, and causing a large amount of money to be circulated amongst all Iclasses. -■ "■-'- ''-■■.,■■■.■:.-:,•--.,'■•'■';■-;.■...■ Having had the entree to the gallery of St. Patrick's Hall, through a friendly official, 1 had an opportunity of witnessing these brilliant gatherings. The feathers and diamonds on some of the most beautiful women in the world, mingling with the brilliant military uniforms of the gentlemen, shown to the best advantage by about 2,000 wax-lights, was a scene not soon to be forgotten. The House of Commons, thirty years ago, voted the abolitioii of the Vice-Royalty by a majority of three to one. The measure was dropped solely in deference to Irish opposition, particularly the opposition of the citizens of Dublin, who liked the pageant, the entertainment and the expenditure. The glory of Dublin would depart with its Viceroy, and this ithe citizens knew full well. Lord-Lieutenants. Earl de Grey, during his term of office, gained the reputation fof being stingy. It was customary for every Lord-Lieutenant to send beef for A Christmas Dinner to the Mendicity Institution. It was reported that Earl de Grey had sent cheap and inferior meat. On the occasion of his departure from the Castle the usual military arrangements were carried out. The streets, all the way from the Castle along Dame Street, College Green, and iBi 30 Toronto " Called Back.'' I ) I i i ili l:,~,:/i: down to the Westland Row Station, were lined on both sides with troops, through which the Vice-Regal carriages passed amidst dense throngs of people. Suddenly an addition to the crowd was made, by the appear- ance of four men carrying on their shoulders the carcase of an ox, minus the meat, and marching close to the carriage of the Lord-Lieutenant, and so amidst the cries of " shins of beef," the Vice-Regal party made their ignoble exit. Such is the temper of a certain class in that city as to make the popularity of any high oiBcial to a great extent dependent on imaginary as well as real grievances. And yet, while this state of feeling exists, the city is so overrun with " purveyors " of every kind " to His Excellency," that were the Castle a whole town in itself there are as many bakers, butchers, grocers, Italian warehousemen, hatters, furriers, boot and shoe makers, wine and spirit merchants, dairymen, and even chimney-sweepers, " to Their Excellencies," as indicated by their own sign-boards^ as would amply supply all the demands of Dublin Castle. The Earls of Carlisle and Eglinton were very popular as Lord-Lieutenants during their term of office. .> A despatch from Dublin, January 28th, 1886, says : — " Lord Caernarvon, ex-Viceroy of Ireland, left Dublin Castle to-day, accompanied by his wife, for their home in England. The retiring Viceroy was followed to the railway station by enor- mous crowds, and his route all the way to Kingstown, where he took the ferry for Holyhead, was lined with people anxious to witness his departure. He was cheered almost continuously from the time he left Dublin Castle until he departed from the Irish coast. The enthusiasm of the populace was phenomenal." •wit i -if; .; ; Reviews in Phoenix Park. Up to the time of Louis Napoleon being proclaimed Emperor of France, the Battle of Waterloo was commemorated on the 18th of June by a sham fight. The Duke of Wellington, from regard for the feelings of the Emperor, ordered these reviews to be discontinued. Chapter of Introduction. 31 on both sides riages passed )y the appear- carcase of an arriage of the (bins of beef," ity as to make ent dependent (^et, while this " purveyors " Castle a whole grocers, Italian makers, wine mey-sweepers, /n sign-boards^ n Castle, ry popular as says : — " Lord Castle to-day, ngland. The ation by enor- ffstown, where people anxious continuously arted from the phenomenal." ,imed Emperor | lorated on the feelings of the sd. On the open ground near the Vice-Regal Lodge, commonly called the " Fifteen Acres," but really of much larger extent, these grand military displays took place. The flower of the British Army, stationed at the various barracks, including lancers, dragoons, hu.ssars, infantry and artillery, generally numbering from 10,000 to 15,000 men, took part in these manreuvres. Here for several years Lord Cardigan, the future hero of the charge of the Light Brigade, could be seen on his Arabian charo-er, at the head of the 11th Hussars, or Prince Albert's Own, of which he was colonel. This regiment, wearing the loose jacket worn in commemo- ration of their having won a battle when only partially dressed, and with crim-son trousers over the new saddle cloths lately presented by Prince Albert, made a splendid appearance. The sight attracted immense crowds, and was very imposing. Holiday Excursions. Where there were so many points of interest, the difficulty was to decide on some particular place to resort to in these delightful outings. There was Maynooth, with its College and beautiful grounds, and a magnificent library always open to visitors, and close by was the splendid seat of the Duke of Leinster ; Clontarf j. Castle and the Hill of Howth were other attractive points for la holiday excursion. There were Kingstown and Bray, and iKilliney Hill, from which a magniticent view, on the land side, 'could be had away back to the city, with the intervening bath- iing villages ; and on the other side the Bay of Dublin, said to ■rival that of Naples, and the Irish Channel studded with ships from every clime ; but the County Wicklow seemed to offer the greatest inducements for a day of real pleasure. At 5 o'clock on a fine summer's morning, with a splendid four-in-hand before a car holding ten on each side, and the t*'weU" in the centre well filled with cold fowl and haais, and all the necessary appendages, and generally with one or two m m 32 Toronto " Called Back. musical instruments, the twenty mile drive over a road without an uneven spot in the whole distance — over hill and down dale, amid ever-changing scenes of beauty and romantic gran- deur, with the perfume of the hawthorn in the fresh morning air — was as exhilarating as delightful, and for pleasure could not be exceeded in the world. The supply of provisions being reserved for a later period of the day, breakfast was served at the first stopping place, Roundtown. ■ ^ The way in which the first supply of beefsteak and ham-and- eggs disappeared always astonished the good-looking gii'ls who waited at the table, and while a second edition was being pre- pared the most boisterous merriment went on. The seat of Lord Monck, formerly Governor-General of Canada, was passed, as also that of Lord Powercourt. Moun- tains and glens, lakes and waterfalls succeeding each other, the " seven churches " at Glendalough, the most attractive spot, is reached. .^-' ■;.:,■>-:■'■:■■ ''P'V; - Here is the lake of which Tom Moore has written : . " By that lake whose gloomy shore • ■ Skylark never warbled o'er. " : , The water is said to possess some peculiar quality which has the effect of driving away the warblers. . . ^ From this lake rises a precipitous rock several hundred feet in height, and in the face about midway up is a cave, called St. Kevin's bed, having, at the bottom, the appearance of the form of a man in the solid rock, giving rise to the legend that here St. Kevin took refuge from the wiles of a fascinating young lady who pursued him, and at length, having made her way to the mouth of the cave where he lay, feet outward, he pushed her into the lake below. -' ^ On the .stone are carved the names of nearly all celebrated Irish travellers, including Sir Walter Scott, Rev. CjBsar Otway, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall, and others. The guide who "coins" legends always assists visitors to enter this cave, which is a very dangerous operation, and more » w Chapter of Introduction. 0.5 road without lill antl down omantic gran- Presh mornipw Measure could ater period of .opping place, and ham-and- :ing girls who 'as being pre- or-General of 3ourt. Moun- ;ach other, the [•active spot, is ten: quality which lundred feet ave, called St. e of the form that here St. g young lady Br way to the e pushed her all celebrated ysesar Otway, ts visitors to ion, and more especially so in getting out, as this is done feet foremost. Not >; being able to '•ee where you are going, and the deep lake i? immediately below, you are entirely at the mercy of the guide, who places your feet in certain niches known only to herself — the guide at that time being a woman called Kathleen, said to ube the name of the victim of St. Kevin's determined celibacy. '% Tlie scenery in this neighborhood is unsurpassed, and con- ifcinues to be very fine till the de.stination of the day's excursion jis reached, at the Vale of Avoca, of which Tom Moore says : > "There's not in this wide world a valley so sweet." ' ' Donnybrook Fair. f , V " Who has not heard of sweet Donnybrook Fair ? An Irishman, all in his glory, was there, ' With his sprig of shillelah, and shamrock so green." During the time of the writer's residence in Dublin this cele- ibrated gathering was in full blast, once a year. 1 Whether there was a sale of merchandise, as at Leipsic, or a Igrand bazaar, such as is seen in the grounds of the nobility in i England, for some benevolent or charitable object, or a cattle . I fair, during the day, I do not profess to know, but in the l«venings and at night, when the crowds poured into the Acrrounds, it had peculiar features in which it differed from all fther fairs. It must be admitted that nothing so bad was seen as what, ''Iwhen a boy, I had witnessed at fairs in other parts of Ireland. I At .some of these the " who'll-tread-on-the-tail-of-mv-coat " ^challenge was literally given, and promptly accepted by oppo- site factions, and the battle commenced. Those who had no ^cudgels were supplied with pokers, tongs, and other weapons, "itaken without permission from the neighboring houses by the ' women, who also supplied ammunition in the shape of paving stones, and soon heads were broken and the blood flowed copiously. This generally continued till either the priest J^appeared on horseback, and by the free use of a long whip, or i the constabulary with fixed bayonets, dispersed the rioters. 34 Toronto "Called Back. % Sometimes when the constables were attacked they fired on the mob, wounding some and killing others. The rush to Donnybrook was very great, although the general character of the crowds differed from those to be seen on the road to the Derby. There was an entire absence of the aristocratic four-in-hand and other carriaires of a stylish char- acter, and none of the " dust veils " worn by the gentlemen in dry weather. The usual mode of conveyance was by the out- side cars, and if one of these happened to be disengaged, the driver made the tempting offer to parties on the road to " rowl " six of them out for a shilling. The first sight of the grounds, if not imposing, was certainly very surprising. Like a vast military camp the tents were spread all over, interspersed with, and surrounded by, a miscel- laneous collection of shows of all kinds from every part of Great Britain and Ireland. There were menageries and theatres, peep shows and Punch and Judys, giants, dv.'arfs, fat women and living skeletons, monstrosities of all kinds, acrobats, jugglers, clowns, mounte- banks, gypsies, nigger minstrels, organ grinders, hurdy-gurdy men, and thimble-riggers, all inviting customers with a din that is utterly indescribable. In the tents were fiddlers and pipers, and the dance went on merrily, while the free use of whiskey contributed to make matters still more lively. j Occasionally a batch of Trinity College students, bent on fun, would appear rushing through the crowd, and from one show to another, up on the platforms, and down again, then through the tents, much to the astonishment of proprietors and the great amusement of visitors. ■ :-: . \ The whole business has been entirely abolished by law as a public evil. '^>4..'4i!;_.,-^,i,,.v*;; ,>.f-;>^ • The memory of y«ars spent in Dublin is pleasant. As a place of residence it possesses many attractions. Its squares and parks, especially Pha'nix Park, with the Zoological Gardens close by; the Botanical Gardens at Glasnevin; the beauty of its suburbs, and its historical associations, all combine to make it the pride of its citizens. Chapter of Introduction. 35 d they fired on although the hose to be seen absence of the a stylish char- le gentlemen in as by the out- disengaged, the n the road to f, was certainly the tents were id by, a miscel- every part of 5WS and Punch zing skeletons, lowns, mounte- s, hurdy-gurdy with a din that ers and pipers, ise of whiskey ;, bent on fun, 'rom one show then through etors and the (1 by law as a easant. As a Its squares )gical Gardens beauty of its 3ine to make To lovers of first-class music, especially cathedral and choral, Dublin is unsurpassed in all that can delight the eir. \ To be privileged to hear the choir of Trinity College Chapel fat early matins, then the Chapel Royal choir at ten o'clock, ifrom which, if we choose, to go to Christ Church at twelve, and 1st. Patrick's at three, would be to enjoy the very greatest treat |in this class of music. Trinity College Chapel on a Sunday morning is a moving^ sight. Five hundred young men in college gowns, thronging the shapel from end to end — the very flower of British youth, in lanly beauty, in strength, in race, in courage, in mind — all [kneeling side by side, bound together in a common bond of ?union by the grand historic associations of that noble place; all [mingling their voices together with the trebles (all well-trained *boys) of the choir and the thunder music of the organ. This is a spectacle not often equalled, and to take a share in it a privilege not to be forgotten. In the beautiful grounds of Trinity College the writer was accustomed to take his morning walk, frequently meeting the celebrated Archbishop Whately, with whom it was a favorite resort. St. Patrick's Cathedral. The choral music of St. Patrick's Cathedral is almost unrivalled |in its combined powers of voice, organ and scientific skill. The Imajestic harmony of effect thus produced is not a little deepened |by the character of the church itself, which with its dark rich fretwork, knightly helmets and banners, and old monumental feffigies, seems all filled and overshadowed by the spirit of ;S valorous antiquity. Mrs. Hemans, who after residing in Dublin for several years, died there, and was buried in St. Anne's Churchyard, speaks of the exquisite music of St. Patrick's, the eft'ect of which is such •as once heard can never be forgotten. ' If earthly music can ever be satisfying it must be such as this, bringing home to our bosoms the solemn beauty of the Liturgy, with all its endeared i • « 1 ' 1 1 i i 1 1 Ml:!|j 36 Toronto " Called Back.'' associations, in tones that make the heart swell with ecstacy and the eyes often flow with unbidden tears." There was one anthem frequently heard within these walls which Mrs. Hemans used to .speak of with peculiar enthusiasm — that from the 3rd Psalm, " Lord, how are they increa.sed that trouble me!" The consummate skill exhibited in the adapta- tion of .sound to sense in the noble composition is, in truth, most admirable. The .symphony in the fifth verse — " I laid me down and slept," — with its soft, dreamy vibrations, gentle as the hovering of an angel's wing, the utter abandon, the melting away into slumber implied by the half-whispered words that come breathing as from a world of spirits, almost "steep" the sen.ses in forgetfulness, when a .sudden outbreak, as it were, of light and life bursts forth with the glad announce- ment — " I awaked, for the Lord sustained me " — and then the old sombre arches ring with an almost overpowering peal of triumph, bearing to heaven's gate in the exalting chorus which follows. The leading singers in the cathedrals were David Weymnn, Vicar-Choral of St. Patrick's ; Dr. John Smith, composer to the Chapel Royal, and R. W. Beatty, Professor of Music to Christ Church, with the celebrated Robinson Brothers leading tenor and bass. Dr. Smith, although a very corpulent man, was said to be the only true counter-tenor singer of the day, taking the highest notes with his natural voice as pure as the warbling of a bird. The first named three gentlemen were eminent composers, whose works appear in every complete Church Psalmody. Emigration/:'"' . ",^'/;";;':,^''l;^^"^^^^ Who should emigrate ? This is a question much more easily asked than answered. The best answer appears to be, " those who are obliged to do so." If this be so, and America has been peopled with those who have come from every country in Europe, how does it happen that there is on every hand such an accumulation of wealth ? Chapter of Introduction. n 1 with ecitacy lin these walls r enthusiasm — increased that in the adapta- )n is, in truth, se — " I laid me ;ions, gentle as abandon, the halt'-whispered spirits, almost ilden outbreak, glad announce- — and then the fwering peal of •y chorus which avid Weymnn, omposer to the usic to Christ eading tenor said to be the \g the highest ing of a bird, tnt composers, salmody. 3h more easily to be, "those ith those who oes it happen n of wealth ? Was all this acquired by people who came here, not" from choice, but of necessity ? If so, the possession and use of brain and muscle must have stood in good stead in the absence of other capital. And yet the rule is that few, if any, do leave the Old Country from choice ; and none who are really doing well at home should emigrate with the expectation of doing better, no blatter what their occupation or profession may be. . • > M But those who are not doing well, who find it difficult, with %n increasing family, ^ » keep up appearances, and find itneces- 'fiary to make a change, may safely emigrate with a fair pros- >ipect of improving their condition. I If these pages should meet the eye of any young man iwishing to know about Canada, and Toronto in particular, he #may be able to form a pretty correct opinion of the chances of isuccess from the facts stated. ,- ■ .>■- :• : No doubt that in proportion to the population the failures in business in America are more numerous than in Great Britain, especially if the figures of mercantile agencies can be relied on. But if a city can grow in wealth and prosperity like Toronto, sl in a comparatively short time, as no city in the Old Country ; (London always excepted) is doing, i^ is clear that some rtiiist Ibecome 7'ich where on the whole so much has been accumu- Uated. -•■■■■ -■- 1.'-., , '■ . ,;:_-. , , - V. ,.- ; :-.'-.': >■ -..'■' ■^ There are exceptions to the rule as to emigration. Some do lleave home who are well to do, but have some ulterior object >|in the future as to the settlement of their families. 5 The hope of doing better for one's self in a new country, the dreams of youth, and correspondence with friends, with the ' love of novelty and, perhaps, adventure, influence many young men. .-;.,,=.•- ■';■■:■' ':--r-':'r7:''-ti'^I:':'^-'-::/- ■ ; v. ' . ■ : ■; ^ Having gained an excellent position by remaining in the house from its establLshment, while about 2,000 young men had come and gone, and being one of the two who alone remained of the original founders, when we had decided to leave for America the heads of the'firm' were incredulous at first, but : finding our decision was made, the leading partner used all his iM 1 ■..'!!] : !:iji;i|l!| !|f 38 Toronto " Called Back!' persuasion to induce us to remain, telling us we would " cry salt tears" when we found ourselves in America. But all to no purpose, we had determined to find out for our- selves what A.nu)rica was like. In the meantime addresses of regret and good wishes were pr'3pared and signed by hundreds of our companions in the business, and arrangements made for a presentation supper at considerable expense. The writer, having conscientious objections to these festiv»' occasions, which generally ended in over-indulgence, with mucli regret at otiending his friends, declined the intended honor, and all his subsequent experience has confirmed liis opinion that he acted riglitly in his decision. A volume could be written on this subject. Having heard all the celebrated temperance lecturers in England and America, including Mr. John B. Gough and Hon. Nea! Dow, also Cardinal Manning, Sir Wilfred Lawson, Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Dr. Rees, and a host of others, I can say, I never heard a statement of the evil effects of intemp*^ \ce exaggerated, but have seen instances as terrible as an y have related in actual life. Where are the 2,000 young men with whom I associated in one house alone ? The history of many I know, but cannot enter more fully into the subject. When the question of temperance is growing to be of such intense interest in Canada and in Toronto, and the future merchants, manufacturers, and bankers of the city are to take part in f le movement, the writcx, who can safely say he has come into actual contact with more busi- ness young men in Great Britain and America than any other man in Toronto, gives it as his deliberate opinion, that nothing short of total abstinence is a safeguard against evil conse- quences, whether travelling or at home. /' The reception of various addresses from societies and friends, in a quiet waj', wound up my connection with the beau- tiful city, which I have never missed an opportunity of visiting, when time has permitted, on my business journey.s to Britain. ' .1 Chapter of Introduction. 39 ve would " cry 1. ind out for our- od wishes were panions in the iitation supper o these festive tiee, with niucli ntended honor, ed Ms opinion Eiving heard all and America, eal Dow, also loyd Garrison, never heard a aggerated, but ive related in associated in cannot enter of temperance anada and in and bankers le writex, who \\ more busi- an any other that nothin^j' t evil conse- s and friends, the beau- portunity of less journeys Departure for New York. *' Isle of Beiiuty, fare thoe well.'' On the 17th of March, 1847, our party of five, and a man- gervant who accompanied one of our friends, sailed from Liver- fjol in tlie ship S/icru/un, Captain Cornish, of the "Dramatic" inc — the other three being called respectively the Garrlck, scius, and iSiddons. Not being pressed for time, we had decided to come b)' a Hailing vessel, and as far as the writer is concerned it was the ,rst and last experience in that line. When time becomes money it does not pay to roll on the ijeep from side to side, in the most beautiful weather, in a Jead calm for days together. tv'?;, m The voyage was devoid of interest and ver)' unlike ar y of 5^y after passages in steamers. The cabin passengers were ew, and those of the steerai had a hai*d time. The Captain, eing a harsh man, thought nothing of kicking them should phey trespass on the after part of the deck, where they would ^ometimes lie down to get away from the surroundings of the '^torecastle, ,,,{■.■;;- '':-:■ jj'-: -it -&;-■■■ ■•^'^.r.- ; „ ■' ■ : On the other hand, we who liked a change would fain get ^ut on the bow, or the jib-boom, and watch the figure-head of •^he gallant ship, as she alternately rose high on the crest of a ave and then plunged into the deep abyss. fl Our first adventure in this way taught us a lesson. Standing #n the forecastle we scanned the horizon for the siorht of a sail, phen quietly a ring was made with chalk around our feet, and :0ut of this we were expected not to move till we had " paid bur footing," and of course we could not refuse the jolly tars their usual douceur. ': Had we been in a hurry the passage would have been a jterrible tax on our patience. Now terrific storms, with thunder's stroll and lightning's flash— and so vivid was the lightning, that Ifrom pitch darkness the sea, as far as the eye could reach, was |Buddenly lit up so as to appear ilkts an ocean of flame. Again ■■;« 40 Toronto " Called Back!'' followed a dead calm, with a ground-swell so heavy that in the roll the mainyards would dip in the water ; the rolling so violent that standing was impossible, and many a fearful pitch took place. When sea-sickness had done its work amonsst the steeraofe passengers, the natural passion for a fight soon showed itself amongst our Hibernian friends. The Munster and Oonnaught men soon got up a good old- fashioned faction tiglit, perhaps to illustrate the beauties of " Home Rule " on the " rolling deep." So at it they went, hammer, tongs, and .shillelahs, pitching each other down the hatchways, head over heels. Matters having become serious, the sailors thought it time to spoil the sport. Handspikes, from "heaving" the capstan were heaved to some purpose, and the Irishmen soon beat a retreat. The most remarkable incident of the voyage was having spoken a vessel one hundred days out from Ireland, short of provisions, which were liberally supplied from our ship. And so twenty-six days passed, and the land appearing in sight we soon arrived in New York. First Impressions of New York. "Hail! Columbia." Our youthful dreams of this city represented it metaphori- cally as having its streets lined with orange trees and paved with gold, but this illusion was ."^oon dispelled. From Liverpool docks — five miles in length and having twenty miles of dockage, with massive gates set in everlasting granite — to the wooden wharves of New York, must strike the eye of every one arriving there as a wonderful contrast. On reaching the dock over piles of merchandise and emigrants' baggage, we found ourselves in a sea of mud. One of our party, on taking " soundings," reported a depth of twelve inches in the middle of the street. On our way to the hotel we were struck with the melancholy appearance of the private streets, — long lines of houses, having ,aa4 hat in the rolling so irful pitch e steerage wed itself ofood old- )eauties of :ching each ers having I the sport, 'ed to some vas having id, short of hip. ►pearing in Chapter of Introduction. 41 metaphori- and paved nd having everlasting strike the ast. emigrants' >ne of our of twelve iielancholy ses, having green outside shutters all closed, without the appearance of a I flower-pot, or the face of a chambermaid airing curtains or I looking out, presented a striking contrast to scenes so familiar i just left behind, when wall flowers and crocuses were blooming, II and where windows were opened every morning ail the year M round. ■'.■'-'-■■■ ■.'.■■.--■:,.:,,.:;-;.'■:■■;..■, v.-,/.— .:•' - .. : , It being now the middle of April, we expected spring weather, and feeling hearty after the sea voyage, enjoyed the fresh air. Our astonishment on reaching a hotel was very great to find the guests crowded round a stove, nearly red hot, all very grave, ruminant, expectorant and whittling. Our ; appearance soon attracted attention, and remarks were made ""^ as to the freshness of our complexion (a compliment we could not truthfully return), and we were informed that they "guessed " (the first time we had heard the word so applied) we would not be long in the country before we should lose all that high ^ color. Not at all anxious to adopt the sallow shade, we were I by no means encouraged, and having made necessary arrange- .^ ments, and feeling uncomfortable with the sickening heat, rushed out of doors to get relief ; and never for the week we remained in the city did we venture again near one of those health-destroying inventions. » - The stoves of the present time are entirely different, and in every way adapted to the climate. We soon found that to see Broadway, including A. T. Stewart's marble store and Barnum's Museum, was to see New York. A. T. Stewart's was very fine in marble, and the inside Sarraagements were very superior, but the system of doing usiness did not appear to us as perfect as that we had just left. We were struck with the .signs of "Dry Goods Store," "Flour d Feed," " Help Wanted," etc., none of which we had seen efore, and had to enquire what they meant. We found that " helps " meant servants, and as there were no masters, the term " bo.ss," which we have never yet known the meaning of, was used to distinguish what in the Old Country is known by the other familiar term. On enquiring as to the police, none of that class appearing 4 .:..:..:'-. :V-V ymen under the same Queen and flag. Here we soon found friends, and myself relatives, the first day, and with tlie natural longing for old familiar faces when fav away from home, we walked ten miles to Copetown to see a family with whom we had been acquainted in Dublin, and were amply repaid for our visit. Again taking the regular Mail Stage, we arrived in Toronto, after a tedious ride, and put up at Mac- donald's Hotel, King Street, then the best in the city. :\:::fm ■ I ',!!i :;tl> 'r i:'-M "■% our heads from md many times rails from the lock on Sunday exhausted, we being Mr. Riley, >o in connection ouse. in our places in t, at 11 o'clock, longst our own Here we soon y, and with tlie Pav away from B a family with id were amply Mail Stage, we ►ut up at Mac- ) city. ri if i •»v ■Mii ■Wfa ■jm 8- (J o I- z h29 O i TORONTO FROM 184T TO 1857. z goo O UJ First Impressions of Toronto. Our first view from the door of Macdonald's Hotel, which j|tood on the site of the present Remain buildings, did not give :§s a favorable impression of the town. From near Bay Street to the corner of York was an immense vacant space filled with ;;§ubbish, and at the back a dirty lane with a few of what we /^or the first time heard of by the name of " shanties." I Walking eastward as far as the Market, and, returning to jlSTonge Street, proceeding as far north as Queen, wo found we i^ad, so far as business was concerned, seen Toronto, with the xception of a few wholesale warehouses to the south of King. Having never seen a view of Toronto, except one which ppeared a short time before in the London IHuMruted Neivs, llur expectations were not of a very sanguine character, — that lew representing the " City " of Toronto something like what '^ view of Oakville might be at the present time. Why it Piould be called a city was something we could not quite |inderstand, as even towns in Canada lately honored with that Ippellation are far superior in architecture to what Toronto ^a.H at that time, — such cities as Guelph, Brantford and London :|»aving kept pace with the improvements which have taken Mace in the intervening years. I Everything appeared flat, dull, uninteresting, and especially |infinished. Not a single point of attractiveness could we dis- cover in or about the place, although we were quite taken ith the people. 48 Toronto '" Called Back.' The contrast between the city we had left and Toronto wa.> most depressing, and grew more marked as we viewed the outskirts. Having letters from friends we soon found a cordial welcome to scv >ral homes, which went a great way to reconcile us to the place. On enquiry we found, rather to our surprise, that there were two churches having organs, something we had not expected to lind : one was in the old Cathedral and the other in the; Richmond Street Wesleyan Church. On being introduced to Rev. Messrs. Cooney and Harvard by letters, the former took us with pride to see the new church on Richmond Street. It then stood on an almost vacant lot, there being no building between it and Bay Street. On entering he pointed with a good deal of satisfaction to the fine organ, which stood behind the pulpit at the time. We attended divine service on the following Sunday, when Mr. Cooney preached, and were much interested. The musical portion of the service was very pleasing and eft'ective. A well- known alderman of the city at the present time was leader of the tenors, and the writer has a distinct recollection of his flexible voice as he glided from tenor to counter-tenor, and occasionally appeared imperceptibly to run into a falsetto, which added much to the harmony and contributed very greatly to the general effect. We were equally pleased in the old Cathedral. The beauti- fully composed and impressively delivered sermons of the Rev. Mr. Grassett were such as should never be forgotten, while the music was of a very high order. During the week we had an opportunity of visiting some of the retail stores, the principal of which were Betley & Kay'.^, corner of King and Yonge Streets ; Walker and Hutchinson's, P. Patterson's, and Walter McFarlane's. ." My friend and companion of seven years, dropping into Betley & Kay's, was immediately offered a situation, which he accepted, much to my .surprise, as we had not decided to remain in Toronto at the time ; and here my loneliness con. menced. From 184'] to iS^y. 49 id Toronto wa.> ve viewed the found a cordial ^ay to reconcile hat there were i not expected e other in the ' and Harvard he new church ost vacant lot, et. satisfaction to the time. We lay, when Mr. The musical :tive. A weli- was leader of lection of his be r- tenor, and to a falsetto. ributed very The beauti- is of the Rev. en, while the ting some ol' tley & Kay's, Hutchinson's. 'opping into ation, which t decided to eliness com My destination was Brockville, where I intended to go, hav- ing a letter from my grand-uncle (and his uncle) to the Hon. ©eorge ('rawford, who was to advise me as to my future Hiovements. ,- :.,-i^,. ■:: .;■,''■;-■■.,,!; -■ ■■ ■:---^' '''.■:„>,:. -■;.' '.i;.,. ■ •' . - ■ '. The unwillingness to part with my friend, and the unsolicited offer of a situation, also on King Street, with the desire to have § rest after so much travelling, led to my acceptance of the «ffer, and so we entered on our new career. I To compare the business of King Street in 1880 with what was in 1847 could give no conception of the difference which may be imagined we found after leaving the business already Hescribed. : ■^ The prospect of its being only temporary alone made it at all Indurable, while it gave time to arrange plans for the future and get some knowledge of the mode of doing business before deciding where to choo.se as a future field of operation. The jjWant of system in showing goods, the bantering about price, and j'ihe lack of customers, made it tiresome beyond description. Here we first became acquainted with the habit of ■ " SHOPPING," either for amusement or for comparison of prices before pur- jchasing. The custom was almost universal to go from Yonge fBtreet to the Market before deciding on what or where to buy. The common expression was : " We will look around, and return If not better suited elsewhere." At the same time the anxiety to press sales was painfully apparent, the offer of a reduction |n price being the principal inducement held out. This of course led to exaggeration, and often misrepresenta- tion, and was altogether demoralizing to both seller and buyer. V The few houses named were, I believe, exceptional in this respect, and were the first to introduce the " one price " system. In consideration of my previous experience, the principal of the business in which I had made a temporary engagement immediately took charge of a customer where any deviation from the marked price was asked, well knowing that on no account would I condescend to such a practice. ;•• (H Ml 50 Toronto ''Called Back.'' I : !■ i'- !!' Mm \ i 1 ! It The arguments of friends to induce us to settle in Toronio were drawn more from the absence of the rudeness and incon- venience that existed before we were born, or the wonderful future that lay before tlie city, than from any especially attractive features the present afforded. Amusements or entertainments there were scarcely any. There was the old Mechanics' Institute, where the present Police Court now stands — then a dirty bine, — where a su\)scrib(r could read books or papers. This, and the auction room of William Wakefield, who, by his genial humor and English physi- ognomy, did all in his power to entertain his customers, were about the only places of resort of an evening. And so summer came on. and recollections of botanical and private gardens, parks, squares, delightful suburbs, music, lectures, literary entertainments, all crowded on one's memory to make the contrast painful. Suburbs there were none, except YorkviUc, then an embrv village with a few scattered houses, the best being the residence of Mr. Bloor, which still remains. As no resident of Toronto went there except on business, the journey was nut often under- taken. Toronto business men lived either over their stores, or on some street south of Queen. Our first tour of exploration in the outskirts was along Carl- ton Street from Yonge, then a clay road without houses or side- walks. Having got as far as the present Ilomewood Avenue, we found a small gate-house, and on entering the wicket dis- covered a natural pathway through a thick pine grove. Pro- ceeding north we reached tiie house now occupied by Homer Dixon, Esq., and finding further progress that way, or egress, impossible, retraced our steps. Our next adventure was along Bloor Street east to the present cemetery fence, and thence backwards again ; and these for a time constituted our only recreation grounds, except the College Avenue. In taking a morning' or an afternoon walk, there was the absence of many pleasing objects so familiar in former every- From iS^j to iSsj. 51 ttle in Toronto lesH and incoii the wonderful any especially scarcely any. 'e the present ere a subscriber jction room (if Knglisii physi- ;ustomers, were f botanical and uburbs, music, 1 one's memory len an embrv ig the residence nt of Toronto t otten under- • stores, or 011 /as along Carl- houses or side- iwood Avenue, le wicket dis- i^rove. Pru- )ied by Homer A'ay, or egress. to the present nd these for a pt the Collegf there was the former every- •Siiay life. The "wee crimson-tippit " flowers that covered the Jpasture fields like a -carpet; the banks of primroses, buttercups and violets, abounding by every roadside ; the double line of tawthorns whose blossoms perfumed the air with their delicious ragrance, and the honeysuckle and wall-flowers in every lane ; le irieadows, thick with May flowers, all were missed during lis first summer in Toronto. For the hedgerows we found Ihe unsightly snake fence, and for +he evergreens of holly, laurel, and ivy, the everlasting, monotonous pines, good for use ;jbut not vei'y ornamental. I The study of this class of " flora " no doubt might be inter- JBsting to those who studied the .subject from a utilitarian point #f view, and the smaller species might have been discovered (by an adventurous descent down the i-avine to where the river pon flowed in its native beauty; and some ferns and beautiful JW^ild flowers might have been discovered, very interesting to btudents in botany ; but to the casual observer these beautiful /Objects were at that time conspicuous by their absence. I Along Church Street, any summer's afternoon, especially in |a swamp at the south-east corner of the present beautiful SNormal School grounds, could be heard the masic of a frogs' |concert, accompanied at a short distance with the tintinabu- 'Mation of the bells on the necks of the cows which roamed 'if lithrough the browny -green pastures and amongst the thick twush which prevailed east of Church and north of Queen Streets. Tiiese sounds were furf^her augmented by the cackling |pf Hocks of geese, which, in their amphibious character, had pheir choice of both native elements. I The song of the lark, the thrush, the blackbird, and gold- finch, so familiar before, was no more heard ; the buzz of jfche bumblebee, and the whirr of the numerous insects that ^abounded in the bush, being the only substitute. Apart from its political history, which has been given so repeatedly, Toronto possessed no points of interest beyond what any town on the .shore of Lake Ontario possesses at the present time, except that she had made a step in advance and outgrown them in population and trade. , - , 4 52 Toronto " Called Back." The young friends with whom wo became acquainted, and whose ideas were circumscribed by the visible horizon, would not admit of the superiority of any other place in any respect. If you spoke of London, Dublin, or New York as great places, you were immediately met with the question, " Was not Toronto also a city ? " And the statement that she had one street forty miles long extinguished all your arguments and left them masters of the situation. When it is borne in mind that at that time Toronto, as far as intercourse with the outer world was concerned, was far more isolated than is Regina to-day, it will be admitted that these young people had a pretty good conceit of the place. A correspondence was soon opened with friends in Great Britain with a view to importing goods, either to Toronto or Montreal, and at the same time I had an opportunity of writing to my uncle's executors in Philadelphia, as to the property already referred to. The reply was to the effect that the climate of Mississippi was bad, and if I went there I could not find an honest lawyer in the State. The American war coming on prevented further efforts for several years. Under these cir- cumstances I allowed the matter to rest until I visited that city, when no trace of the executors could be found, and only at the Centennial, in 1876, did I discover my uncle's tomb in " Macpelah " Cemetery, where a handsome marble monument is erected to his memory. It may be that, like the Lawrence- Townley estate, the property may turn out to be of fabulous value. Ifl Toronto in 1847. To give an idea of the general appearance of Toronto at this time, it may assist the imagination to conceive of all its present attractions being removed, and all the improvements that have taken place still unanticipated. To do this it will be necessary, commencing with the Island, to remove every building there at present, leaving the light- house, Privat's Hotel, which then stood near the present gap, and two or three fishermen's huts at the West Point. : 11 From rS^y to iS^y. 5. Crossing the Bay^ the whole Esplanade must be taken away, leaving two or three wharfs with a i-agged edge of stagnant water between. The whole of the railway tracks, with all buildings and stations, must next disappear. Coming north, all the block, stone and wood pavements ; all the street railway tracks ; all telegraph poles and wires, except a single line to Hamilton and Montreal; all the gas lamps except about a hundred ; all the water hydrants except about twelve ; all that are called " modern conveniences," which are now considered indispen.sable in every house ; the suburbs of Brockton, Parkdale, Seaton Village, Riverside, Leslieville ; all the streets north of Queen and west of John — leaving some scattered houses outside these limits — except Yonge and Church Streets. As it is supposed there are at present 30,000 houses in the city and suburbs, you must imagine 26,500 of these taken away, leaving 3,500 as composing the entire city at that time. From these 3,500 you may deduct 2,500 of frame and rough- cast houses, leaving 1,000 of a better class; from which again, if you take 500 two-storey red brick, you have 500 which com- prised all the best buildings, including churches, banks and private residences, the best of the latter being those at present on Bay Street, and a few detached mansions scattered over the city. To complete the picture must be added the absence of every shade tree — except those on College Avenue — which now adorns end beautifies the city ; every flower-bed and conservatory, and in stores all plate-glass windows. In addition to all this you have to conceive of 90,000 of the population being left out, and some idea may be formed of Toronto in 1.S47. At this time only four of the present churches were in existence : the Richmond Street Wesleyan, Power Street Roman Catholic, St. George's Episcopalian, and Little Trinity. The others that were then built have either been burned down, or removed to give place to present structures, amongst whicii are >i ■• l!i ■i 54 Toronto " Called BackT the St. James' Cathedral, which has taken the place of the old one burned in 1849, and Knox Church, on the site of the old one burned in 1847. Not one of the banks or large insurance buildings ; none of the wholesale houses as they now appear ; none of the benevo- lent institutions, then existed ; p.nd none of the public schools or colleges excejit Upper Canada College. Front Street occupied the same relative po.sition to the Bay as the Esplanade does at present. There were no buildings on the south side except the Custom House, and only a few scattered along on the north side, leaving the view of the Bay uninterrupted. There was a skating-rink near where the Custom House now stands. Goin,^ westward from Yonge Street, on the north side of Front, where the warehouse of Messrs. McMaster, Darling & Co. now stands, was the residence of Judge Macauley; next that of Judge Jones ; further west the residence of Mr. Joseph Rogers, and at the corner of Bay Street was the Baldwin mansion. Where the Queen's Hotel now stands Capt. Thomas Dick had four dwellings ; these afterwards were used as Knox •College, and subsequently were turned into a hotel kept by Mr. Swords. Holland House, in the rear, on Wellington Street, lately the residence of ex-Mayor Manning, and at present the Reform Club, and which was built in 1832 by Hon. Henry John Boulton, and from its peculiar style of architecture sometimes called " The Castle," was occupied by Mr. Boulton at this time. At York Street corner, a picturesque cottage was the resi- dence of Capt. Strachan, son of the Bishop of Toronto, whose palace adjoined with the entrance on Front Street. This building is now a boarding-house. Turning up Siracoe to corner of Wellington you saw the Hagerman mansion, and returning eastward on Wellington, the little white house lately occupied by Mr. Mercer, standing by itself at the corner of Bay. When Toronto was first settled most of the buildings were From 1841 to iS^y. 55 erected at the upper end of the Bay, towards the river Don, and it was generally supposed that the east end would become the principal part of the city. As the buildings were extended, however, they began to creep westward and northward. The town in its young days was much scattered, the roads were bad, and communication between distant portions of the town, at least in certain seasons of the year, was difficult; in con- sequence, houses of business were started at each extremity, which, in some cases, realized to their owners handsome profits. As the town increased the footpaths were improved, business became more concentrated, and at this time was almost con- fined to the space between York Street and the Market, and it was doubtful whether, if the best store was removed to either extremity, it would do a paying business. The necessary consequence of this state of things was that the value of pro- perty and rents within the limits mentioned had risen enor- mously. In the absence of street railways the few travellers who had occasion to reach thr steamboats in summer (in winter the stages called for passengers at their houses) were limited for accommodation to a few old-fashioned one-horse cabs, owned by well-known drivers, and the number of horses and vehicles of all kinds was .so small as to make it an easy matter for any inquisitive person to know the owner of every particular turn- out in the town. The only city omnibus at this time was one that ran to Yorkville every hour, and a ri '> "n this was not very exhilar- ating at certain season.^ '^speciaxly when the frost was breaking up. The ioiting was terrific, but as few or none of the Toronto people livet! in Yorkville, there was not much travel up or down. An hourly -nnibus started from the Market to Parliament Street, but it uid not pay and was soon discontinued. The question of meat being an important one, it may be stated, from actual experience, that after repeated endeavors to masticate the beefsteaks, my young friend and myself came to the conclusion that, having heard that oxen were employed in ! ) \ ! I i .AiJ p ■ 56 Toronto ''Called Back'' the country for ploughing and other purposes, the Toronto market was supplied with beef from their carcases after their usefulness as living animals had departed. The supply of vegetables was excellent. Gossip. The extent to which regard for local boundaries, customs, and every-day chit-chat is sometimes carried, can only be realized in a small town. At home, in this nook, all life is lived under minute inspec- tion of neighbors, and perhaps the unavoidable supervision of parson and squire. The fierce light that beats upon the throne is not clearer than that which exhibits the young man "sowing his wild oats." He sins under a microscope, and the professional gossip finds rich material for the next social or tea-party by placing him under the instrument for the general entertainment of the company, and so the engagement of lovers is discussed as earnestly as if each person were personally or directly interested in the result of every matrimonial arrangement. In 1847 Toronto had not outgrown the habits which charac- terize the country town. The gossip which prevails where every person knows all about the business and social life of his neighbors, was still noticeable, and the absence of all foreign news, oftener than once a fortnight, gave a local character to the general topics of conversation. Every birth, marriage and death furnished material for dis- cussion in every family circle, and very much as it is on board ship, out at sea, the most trivial matters were invested with exaggerated importance. On Sundays, generally, three carriages could be seen at St. James' Cathedral, and as a good deal of rivalry existed between the owners of two out of three, in the style of the appoint- ments, the coachmen's livery, and horses and harness, theii appearance on driving from church was a standing topic at almost every dinner-table; the dresses of the ladies coming in for a full share of the criticism, of course of a good-natured character. From 184/ to i8^y. 57 'oronto r their »ply of ustoms, »nly be inspec- Lsion of clearer lis wild ,1 gossip placing t of the issed as terested charac- , where ■e of his 'oreign acter to for dis- n board ed with n 11 at St. jetween ippoint- ss, their opic at corning natured The arrival of the English mail, once a fortnight, created a pleasing diversion for a time from the monotony of daily life. The news telegraphed from New York ahead of the mails was given in a condensed form, in printed " extras," which were issued by the newspaper people; there being no second edition of papers as at present. Incidents. Amongst the incidents of the summer of 1847 a strange one occurred, which afforded matter for town-talk for some time, althougli at the present time it would probably be confined to the daily police reports. A gentlemanly-looking person was observed for several even- ings to promenade a portion of King Street — between Yonge and Church — fashionably dressed, and when nearly opposite the present Globe otHce, stand near a lamp post and read what appeared to be letters, then, using a white handkerchief, make signals of a mysterious character, and repeat the same time after time and evening after evening. At length a plan was laid to discover the identity of the individual by a number of young men approaching in a body. Apparently afraid of detection the "gentleman" took to his heels, making for the darkness which prevailed beyond Simcoe Street, where the gas lamps ended. A policeman joining in the chase an arrest was made, and the prisoner taken to the police station to account for "his" conduct. On being brought to the light, and the hat, which was a handsome silk one, removed, behold a maiden stood " revealed in all her charms," which was clearly seen by her long flowing tresses falling over her shoulders. On being brought before the magistrate the next day, wear- ing the same clothing, she was discharged with a reprimand, but the motive which led to such an extraordinary adventure was never fully explained. During the summer a young minister, to whom the writer was introduced, was engaged to be married, and asked me to be his best man on the occasion, to which I consented. On the Sunday following my first interview he was appointed 1 1 I' ff 58 Toronto " Called Back!' to preach somewhere on the Dundas Road, and requested me to accompany him, stating that he would call for me with a horse and buggy. Feeling curious to know what description of vehicle that might be, never having heard the name before, and at the same time thinking it very repulsive, and also wish- ing to have a specimen of Canadian driving horses, besides being assured that a drive on Sunday on a mission of piety, necessity, or mercy, was perfectly justifiable, the arrangement was made. Arriving at the place in good time, my friend preached an ex- •cellent sermon, apparently to the edification of the congregation. On our return to the city he appeared to be in excellent spirits, and showed off the trotting qualities of the horse to good advantage. When near Queen Street we espied a pig lying in the middle of the road. He said to me that if the animal did not get out of his way he would drive over it. No sooner said than done. The squealing of the pig being likely to set the owner in pursuit the horse got a loose rein, and in a short time we were out of sight, never pulling up till I found we were in the old barrack square. This was my first experi- ence of buggy riding and fast trotting in Canada. I attended to assist my clerical friend in the matrimonial affair, some fifty miles west of Toronto, the following October. So much has been written on the condition of the streets of Toronto that the subject has become monotonous, and as in 1886 it still continues to engage a large amount of public attention, nothing will be said in this connection from personal observation, the writer preferring to quote the descriptions of a few other parties, some of which were written prior to 1847. The first is that of a lady, ten years previously, Mrs. Jamie- son, wife of Vice-Chancellor Jamieson. This lady, who.se name is pleasantly familiar to lovers of art and literature, was for some time a resident of Toronto. She reached the city by way of New York, Albany and Queenston, towards the end of 1836. Ker husband, then Attorney-General, had been a resident for several years, but she arrived unexpectedly and he was not there to meet her. - • - • - .... ._ v.,.^ c , .. From iS^j to i8^y. 59 ted me with a jription before, 10 wish- es being jcessity, IS made, d an ex- ■egation. CD sxcellent liorse to d a pig at if the r it. No ^g likely and in a 1 I found t experi- ;rimonial October, streets of md as in if public personal ions of a 1847. •s. Jaraie- jrs of art ito. She ueenston, resident was not When she stepped from the boat her foot sank ankle deep in the mud, and there being no conveyance at hand she was compelled to walk through the muddy, uninviting streets to her husband's residence near the foot of Brock Street. It was during her abode here that she wrote her " Winter Studies" and "Summer Rambles." She describes the city as it appeared in the winter : "What Toronto may be in summer I cannot tell ; they say it is a pretty place. At present its appearance to me, a stranger, is most strangel}'' mean and melancholy. A little ill-built town, on low land at the bottom of a frozen bay, with one very ugly church without tower or steeple, some government offices, built of staring red brick, in the most tasteless and vulgar style imaginable ; three feet of snow all around, and the grey, sullen wintry lake, with the dark gloom of the pine forest bounding the prospect, — such seems Toronto to me now." As a set-off to this desponding account, she admits that some of the shop fronts on King Sti'eet are rather imposing, and declares, in a patronizing kind of way, that the front of Beckett's apothecary shop is worthy of Regent Street in appearance. A few words from Sir H. R. Bonnycastle, in 1845, may be given. He " wa»s greatly surprised and pleased to see the alterations since 1837, then not one-third of its present size. Now it is a city in earnest, with upwards of 20,000 inhabi- tanir, gas lit, with good plank sidewalks, and macadamized streets, vast sewers and houses of brick or stone. The main street, King Street, is two miles in length. St. George's church was built in 1844." Another writer says : " Few who now stroll down the well- boarded sidewalks of King Street reflect upon the inconveni- ences attending this recreation to their sires and grandsires and granddames, who were compelled to tuck up their garments and pick their way from tuft to tuft and from stone to stone. "It was no unusual sight to behold the heavy lumber waggon sticking fast in the mud, up to the axle, in the very middle of King Street, opposite to what is now McConkey's refectory. " The party-going portion of the citizens were content either :j H 1 ' Si ■;^mBS 60 Toronto " Called Back.'' ■i '\\m 1 ill ••! to trudge it, or to be shaken in a cart drawn by two sturdy oxen. The fashionable cry then was ' Mrs. McTavish's cart is here,' and the 'gee up' resounded as clearly among the pines and elms as the glib ' all right ' of the modern footman along the gas lit street. , Since those days the art of photography has been discovered, and it is not probable that Mr. Eli Palmer — the only artist of which Toronto could boast in 1847 — could have brought his camera with the Daguerrean process to bear on Mrs. McTavish's cart to get a good picture in a conveniently short space of time. A late number of London Fun thus describes a sceile in the studio of a photographer in that city : Mr. Juggins — "Look here, Mr. Photygrapher, 'ow much d'yer want to take me and the missus and the kids altogether ?" Photographer — "Well, I could take a carte of you for five shillings." Mr. Juggins — " Cart, be blowed ! Stick us in a waggonette." No doubt Mrs. McTavish would have preferred a waggonette also, and had the art attained its present state of perfection an instantaneous photograph could have been taken that would have been quite interesting. " A little iKJUsense now and then la relished by the wisest men." Mr. Wm. Osborne — who had left Dublin, in consequence of the failure of the silk trade, when French goods were first ad- mitted free of duty — was a good specimen of a Dublin gentle- man, and amongst other stories about the state of Toronto streets in former years, related the following, without in any way vouching for its accuracy : A gentleman, walking on the loose planks forming a sidewalk on King Street, espied a good-looking hat in the middle of the street. Curious to see and pick up the hat, he managed to reach it, and on removing it, discovered to his surprise the head of a living man underneath. This individual at once appealed for help and deliverance, urging, as a special plea, that if prompt assistance was not 1 It M I , |i ! From 184J to 1851. 61 y oxen. 3 here,' les and mg the jovered, rtist of .ght his favish's of time, iceile in ch d'yer r ? for five Tonette." (Toronette iction an ,t would uence of irst atl- jxentle- Toronto in any idewalk e of the aged to )rise the verance, was not rendered, his horse, which was underneath, would certainly perish. The usual mode of extrication by the use of shovels and oxen was soon applied, and man and horse excavated. This being the climax of exaggeration on this muddy ques- tion, it must now be dismissed. Apart from the social enjoyments among friends — and of those we had a full share — there was nothing, either in the business or surroundings, to lead to a preference of Toronto to any other place, when the world was before us w^here to choose. In business, the farmers were always complaining about some- thing. Prices of produce were too low or too high ; the former from too good crops, and consequent low prices, and the latter because they had not enough to sell. The roads were a constant source of complaint, which appeared to be natural from our little experience of mud and ruts, and when winter came on they generally had either too much snow or too little. Those leaving home in sleighs, fifty or sixty miles back, found bare streets, and had a hard time to get back to sleighing ai;ain. As my friend and myself had never heard complaints of roads before, this topic became terribly monotonous, and the same remark applies to the prices of produce, although in Toronto a trade o:' the greatest importance. There was the prospect of trade increasing by the growth of towns and villages outside, and the facilities for transport by water navigation in summer; but as railroads were not thought of, and there was neither steam nor water power, except what could be got in the Don river for the latter, and by importing coal for the former, little was said of m-anufactures, and the prospect of their establishment was exceedingly dull. The prospect of the growth of Toronto — from the two facts of the great agricultural country at its back, and the harbor and water communication in the front — led to a decision, and within a few months of arriving in the country the writer was in communication with friends in England with a view to 3C 62 Toronto " Called Back J" importing a stock of goods, which was successfully accomplished the next year. Information as to Toronto in England was not very tiattering. A gentleman had a servant-maid whose brother had enlisted in a regiment which was subsequently ordered to Canada. While quartered in Toronto, the young man took to himself a help- mate, an Anglo-Canadian, who afterwards returned with him to England. On his arrival at home his sister paid him a visit. On her return her mistress asked her if she had seen her new sister ; she replied in the affirmative, adding, " But Lor', mammy, she's not very dark. I thought she'd be black." As an example of the accuracy of description, Mr. R. Mont- gomery Martin wrote about this time : — " The country bordering Lake Ontario is well wooded ; through the numerous openings the prospect is enlivened by flourishing settlements, the view being extremely picturesque along the White Cliffs of Toronto, (!) heightened on the north by the remarkably high land over Presque Isle, called ; Devil's Nose." Richmond Street Wesleyan Church, around which so many hallowed memories will ever cluster, is one of the four which remain of those existing in 1847. Thinking it may interest many who have been associated with it in years gone by, and some since its erection in 1845, a copy of the inscription on the brass plate at present in the corner stone is given on the opposite page. This fac simile was obtained by the writer twenty-live years ago, in England, from the Rev. J. P. Hetherington, who was one of the resident ministers at the time it was built. It will be seen that it was called a chapel, after the English custom, and was a representative British institution, as we were told the next day after our arrival in the city. This church, like City Road in London, which it resembles in the plainness of its architecture, may be regarded as the cathedral of Methodism in Toronto. In 1847, the congregation worshipping here was styled the From 184'j to 185J. 63 plished tiering, isted in While a help- ith him him a ieen her ut Lor'r I. Mont- jrdering )penings ihe view ronto, (1) ,nd over ■fM IN THE NAME OF THE EVER BLESSED TRINITY THIS CORNER STONE WAS LAID BY THE REVV MATTHEW RICHEY, A.M., CHAIRMAN OF THE WESTERN CANADA DISTRICT, AND THE REV?E. EVANS, secretary in CONNEXION WITH THE British Wesley an Conference, on the 20"' DAY of august, IN THE 8"' YEAR OF THE REIGN OF VICTORIA, A.D., 1844. the REV" J. R HETHERIIsGTON, AND THE REV" J. B. SELLEY, BEING RESIDENT MINISTERS. • cluster, n I Bsociated ^B mess«? in 184.5. ■ JOS" WILSON ALEXR HAMILTON it in the H J. G. BOWES R" WOODSWORTH ive years ^B THO« STORM SAML SHAW who was ^1 WM OSBORNE JNO STERLING ! English » THO« WHEELER C. & W. WALKER we were ^1 TRUSTEES FOR THIS CHAPEL. esembles H d as the §B RD WOODSWORTH, T. WHEELER, ^ ' KNOBAVEB. iyled the ■% 64 Toronto " Called Back!' loyal British Wesleyan body, wliile the Adelaide Street people were said to be more of the American type, and not quite so loyal. However that may have been, the union which took place in 1849 settled tlic matter and made both one, which event was colebrated by a union tea-meeting in Richmond Street Church. l)r. Alder, who had been sent out by the British Conference, had been the means of effecting this consummation ; but so strong was the feeling against it that several of the British ministers would not remain in Canada, and went to the Lower Provinces, amongst whom were Dr. Richey, father of the present Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, and Rev. Ephraim Evans, while shortly after Rev. Enoch Wood and Rev. S. D. Rice came up to supply their places. This church had the peculiarity of having, till the late im- provements, the entrance door at the same end as the pulpit, which appeared to cause a good deal of annoyance to some ministers while conducting the service. Rev. Dr. Dixon, from England, on one occasion remarked in the course of the service, that he wished they had put the pulpit at the other end. It had one good effect, however, on those who were a little bashful, by inducing them to come in good time, and so be spared the gaze of those whom they had to face on entering the doors. Rev. James Caughey. In the fall of 1853 — while waiting in Kingston for the Toronto boat, the last of the season — I met, at the British American Hotel, the Rev. James Caughey, the celebrated reviv- alist, on his way to Toronto. Having frequently heard him when in Dublin, he seemed pleased when I reminded him of the fact. The night was very stormy, and after some conversation in the saloon about mutual friends, we retired for the night to the same stateroom. I noticed that he did not undress, and on enquiry as to his reason he replied he thought better to be prepared for anything that might happen during the night. I 3 % From 184J to i8$j. 65 This may have been a wise precaution, but it did not appear to nie to be conducive to comfort. On arriving at Toronto, I escorted him to the house of Mr, Richard Yates, whose guest he was during the following six months. The excitement ho created was not confined to the Richmond Street Church and congregation, but extended to every church. People of all denominations flocked in crowds every night, Saturday excepted, during six months, with un- abated interest. The effect was marvllous ; numbers who thought he addres.sed them individually, when describing par- ticular characters, waiting at the close of the service to enquire who had told him of their case. There were many remarkable cases of restitution and con.science-money paid to the customs. On one occasion, at night, when the house was crow(led to the doors, and the writer occupied a pew almost in the centre of the church, the preacher, in the middle of his sermon, in making a point by way of illustration, referred to some remarkable case which had occurred in Dublin (of which, however, I had not heard), and, siipposing that I must have known of the case, stated that his friend — mentioning my name — was cognizant of the facts; as every eye was innnediately turned to where I sat, my situation was rather embarrassing. As his visit was so intimately associated with Richmond Street Church, it will not be considered out of place to refer to it in connection with other reminiscences, that church being one of the few land marks remaining of Toronto, in 1847, and many remarkable men having, from time to time, occupied its pulpit rsation ight to ind on to be night. A. & S. Nordheimer. In 1847 this firm occupied premises on the north side of King Street, nearly opposite their present establishment. The senior partner, Mr. Abraham Nordheimer, was an accom- plished mu.sician, and it was quite a treat to witness the enthu- .siasm he displayed when exhibiting the fine points of the instruments to intending purchasers. Mr. Samuel Nordheimer undertook the outside work, travel- ling a great deal, and to this firm is due to a great extent the i s 66 Toronto " Called Backy tni ^''^'"^'^ credit of having educated the taste of the people of Canada up to its present high musical standard. Prior to this time, if an Old Country family had brought out a piano, although not of the most modern style, they were supposed to have belonged to the better class of society at home ; but even these instruments were few and far between. It was on Mr. S. Nordheimer's journeys, between Toronto and Montreal, that the writer first became acquainted with him, and soon found that by his universal courtesy, polished manners and pleasing address, he was winning golden opinions, not only in the towns and cities, but amongst the better class of farmers ; and the firm being sole agents for the Chickering & Stodart OCT O and Dunham pianos, soon succeeded in placing a large number of these instruments in the hands of the better class of people, all over Canada. The fame of the firm is now as extensive as the Dominion, and their success has been as yreat as their highest ambition could have desired. In the chapter on " Toronto as a Musical City," reference will be made to their successful efiforts to induce the first-class musicians and vocalists of the world to visit Toronto, when it was little known, and had few attractions for these great artists ; but the influence of Messrs. Nordheimer — through their connections in Europe and the United States — overcame all difficulties, and to them is due, from the citizens of Toronto, a debt of gratitude for many a musical treat during the past thirty-five years. The Toronto Post Office. In 1847, and up till 18o2, the whole business of the Toronto Post Office was transacted in a small building on Wellington Street, where the present Exchange now stands. The delivery office was a room about 20 x 40 feet, and the distributing room was an old cellar-kitchen some 20 feet square. The stafl" up to 1850 consisted of a postmaster, three clerks, and a letter carrier. The postmaster was Mr. Charles Berczy, and the clerks, John Armstrong, Christophei Walsh, and W. H. Pearson (now secretary of the Consumers' Gas Co.), who sue- \i.- I .'livery ^m i •a />^w /S4/ to iSjy. 67 ceeded Geo. H. Wilson, the present accountant of the Bank of Montreal, in 1847. John McCIoskey was letter carrier, and a charge of one " copper " was made on each letter delivered by him. At this time, and up till 1850, the English mails were only delivered fortnightly — by stage from Halifax in winter, and partly by steamboats in summer. The rate of postage on Eng- lish letters was Is. 2|d. sterling, or Is. 4d. Halifax currency (about 27 cents) ; the postage to Halifax was 2s. 9d. ; Quebec Is. 6d. ; Montreal, Is. 2d.; Kingston, 9d.; Windsor, lOid ; the lowest rate being 4Ad. In 1850 there were only about 400 boxes in the Post Office. Postage stamps were at this time unknown, and the postage on paid letters was written in red ink, and on unpaid in black. The only visible representative of Her Majesty on ordinary occasions was either Mr. Walsh or Mr. Armstrong, who for the time being combined in themselves the offices of receiving, de- livery and inquiry clerks; and as every letter must be taken to the Post Office, these gentlemen were known to every man, woman and child in Toronto and Yorkville who ever posted a letter. The arrival of the English mail, once a fortnight, broke in on the usual monotony and brought a rush to the wicket from which the delivery, both general and particular, took place. Up to 1852 the Post Office Department was under the control of the Imperiiil Government, which was represented by Mr. Stayner, but at this tine, almost simultaneously with the intro- duction of the bonding svstem through the United States, the business was transferred to the Canadian Government, and the mails began to arrive once a week, via Boston and New York alternately. These mails were conveyed in charge of conductors, of whom there were three — Messrs, McNamee, Malone and Magillivray — two taking the mails to above ports respectively, and one extra to supply in case of need. The conductor taking the outgoing mails waited at his port for those coming in, and this system continued for many years. During Mr. Malone's time of conducting the mails a circumstance occurred, illustrat- ing the economy of the Government at that day. piij ■■ 68 Toronto " Called Back!' The writer, in company with Mr. John Kay, Mr. Patrick Hughes and three others, on our way from England, accom- panied the mails from Boston, arriving at Suspension Bridge on Saturday night too late to connect with the]_ train for Toronto. Feeling anxious to get home, instead of staying over Sunday at the Bridge we telegraphed for a special train to meet us at Hamilton ; the charge to be forty dollars. On arriving at Hamilton we found an engine and one car all ready, and took on board Mr. Malone and the English mails, with a Roman Catholic clergyn' ^ who wished to get to Toronto with us. To this gentleman we offered a free passage, but hoped to receive from the Post Office authorities a share of the cost of the special train. The trip was made within an houv, perhaps then the "fastest time on record." On the fol- lowing Monday one of our party waited on Hon. Mr. Foley Postmaster-General, stating the case, and asking for the pro- portion of the expense for carrying the mails ; his reply was, that the letters would have been in quite time enough for the merchants on Monday morning by first regular train. He did not even consider that Mr. Malone would have had to pay his expenses at a hotel over Sunday, and so we had to pay the whole bill. Toronto Gas and Water Works. In 1(S41 Mr. James Crapper had been brought out from London by Mr. Furness, and in the same ship were imported the gas and water pipes to commence the supplying of the city with these two great requisites. In 1847 there may have been altogether about 100 gas lamps, and at this time the Consumers' Gas Co. was established, on the principle that the consumers, by taking up the stock, would themselves get all the benefit. Mr. Henry Thompson sold all the shares, the writer being one of the first to subscribe. Since that time the success of the Company is well known. The water supply was very imperfect, especially in case of fire, and even up to 1850 no arrangement had been made to keep the city furnished with a constant and adequate supply. From iS^y to i8^y. 69 The licensed carters were compelled under a penalty to attend all fires, for the purpose of conveying water from the Bay in casks. As the first who arrived was entitled to two dollars' reward, these men were in the habit of filling their casks at night, and carting them to their own houses so as to be ready for a race at the first sound of the fire alarm. It was very remarkable, that about this time scarcely a Saturday or Sunday night passed without a fire taking place. Some said they occurred opportunely on these nights, because everybody was at liberty, and the firemen being volunteers, their occupations were not interfered with ; while others went so far as to say that the very love of excitement, in some way to relieve the monotony that prevailed over everything, had led to the wilful acts of incendiarism, which undoubtedly took place, but which were all overruled for the growth ar.d general improvement of the city. The fire brigade in 1850 consisted of four engine companies, two hook and ladder and one hose company ; Mr. Ashfield beintj then the chief entrineer. The old hand-engines were not very powerful, and when the tiremen grew tired at the pumping, the law compelled any bystanders to "lend a hand ;" while many were willing, many more could be seen taking their departure when there was a prospect of a " draft " for active service. There were some remarkable instances of destruction of property, one of which the writer distinctly remembers. A fire took place in a frame building on King Street, one door from the corner of Yonge, then occupied by Messi's. Betley & Kay. The flames from the wooden l)uilding were driven by an easterly wind into the millinery and mantle room over tiie store of Betley & Kay. On the arrival of the firemen the fine windows were immediately smashed in with axes, when the door might have served as well, and when the fire was extin- guished it was found that a number of fine silk velvet mantles had been placed at the door of the room to prevent the water from spreading to other parts of the building. 1 1 I i| ii ::t i i "1™' 70 Toronto ''Called BackT The Circulating Medium. In the house I had just left the daily cash sales averaged .£1,000 sterling. This amount was taken in five cashiers' desks, by boys under sixteen years of age, and the rapidity with which the change had to be given may be judged from the number of cheques handed in from about four hundred salesmen. The coins were farthings, half-pence, pence, sixpences, shil- lings, half-crowns, crowns, half-sovereigns and sovereigns. Farthings were strictly charged on all amounts to 2.s. 6d., and no salesman could omit them at 2s. 5|d. The desks have fre- quently been swept out to find a missing half-penny, as every- thing must l)alance. There being no Canadian Silver Currency at this time, the process of making change out of what was technically called "specie" was a perfect study. There were Mexican and Ignited States dollars and half-dollars ; United States 6J, 12^, and 2o-cent pieces ; English sixpences, shillings half-crowns, with a miscellaneous assortment from every other country. Coin and bank note detectors were used in every place to ascertain the value of the coin and the genuineness of bank notes, especially those from the United States. As each had to make his own change in the absence of a cashier, this was found to be a work of great difficulty, to know when a York shilling ceased to possess that value by reason of abrasion or defacement and became a 10-cent piece, and in- volved many a dispute ; and the same with all the other coins. In payment of a debt the Mexican dollar would go for 5s. Id., or $1.02, but in independent trading it was just $1. Anyone visiting New York at this time, and buying a news- paper, if he gave a good 25-cent piece would generally lose in change, through the manipulation of the boys, from one to four cents, just as the boy happened to have more or less of the small coins. iToronto had no newsboys at this time. As for coppers, I have no doubt a great many brass buttons fountl circulation just by flattening tlie shanks. This state of things continued more or less for years, till the Decimal System was 1^*. From 184'] to i8^y. 71 news- lose in to four of the As for founil things )in was introduced by Act of Parliament, and the present silver coinage issued. Previous to this all wholesale or importing accounts were kept in sterling for French and English accounts, Halifax currency, or $4 to the pound, for Canadian, and in dollars and cents for the United States. Store Pay. This kind of business was on the whole more agreeable to salesmen than the system of cash sales. Every builder or contractor made an arrangement with the various trades and stores for a line of credit, by which they could pay their workmen as much of their wages as possible with the smallest amount of cash. Orders were given on the stores, and mechanics' wives went to make their purchases, carefully concealing their written "orders" as long as the knowing salesman failed to draw out the fact of their existence; the object of the caution on the part of the frugal housewives being to ascertain the " cash " price of the goods. If the "cat was let out of the bag" the salesman at once " stood at ease," knowing well that the customer had no alternative but to take out the value of the order. A few immigrants, in perfect innocence, would present these orders at once, much to the satisfaction of the sal. sman. The block of buildings known as Ritchey's Terrace, and other large buildings, including churches, St. Lawrence build- ings, etc., were largely paid for in this way. The time of "strikes" had not then arrived, the supply of labor always being fully equal to the demand. Retail Importing, The only retail importers of dry goods at this time were Mr. Peter Patterson, who occupied a portion of the present premises of Messrs. R. Walker & Sons, and was supplied direct by Messrs. Heron & Dickson, of Glasgow, who had arrangements to supply not more than one house in each principal town in Canada ; and Messrs. Walker & Hutchinson, who also had ar- ^^H; V 1 M. 72 Toronto " Called Back!' rangements for getting their goods di ct from Great Britain, Nearly every dry goods tirin, as well u hardware and others, called themselves importers, and had the term on their signs. This importing, however, was not direct, but was carried on through the wholesale houses to whom they gave their orders, which were sometimes delivered in the original packages. In this way, in after years, we imported almost every class of goods to order, including jewellery and fancy goods for one of the present leading jewellery houses on King Street, raw furs for manufacturing, oil paintings, tire-arms, fancy stationery, and, in fact, any class of goods for which an order was given. Wholesale Trade in 1847. In 1847 the wholesale diy goods trade was entirely confined to Yonjie Street, south of King. First came Mr. William McMaster, where the Dominion Bank now stands ; next was Mr. John Robertson's warehouse. At the corner of Melinda Street, where the splendid warehouse of Messrs. Hughes Bros, now stands, was the old red brick store of Messrs. Ross, Mitchell & Co. ; a door or two furthev south Mr. W. L. Perrin occupied a plain brick building, and below Wellington Street were Messrs. Moffat & Murray, and Messrs. Bryce, McMurrich & Co. On the east side, north of Wellington, was the warehouse of Messrs. Bowes & Hall, and these com- prised the whole of the dry goods warehouses at that time. There being no houses exclusively in the millinery trade, that was done by the same houses. The wholesale grocery trade was represented by Messrs. ^\ & G. Perkins, Mr. A. V. Brown, and Whittemore, Rutherford & Co. There were no exclusive!}' wholesale houses in the hardware trade, nor in earthenware, jewellery, hats, caps or furs. The oldest house in the latter trade is that of Mr. James H. Rogers ; the business having br en established by his father in 1815. The large block at the corner of King a ad Toronto Streets was, in 1847, the finest wholesale house in the city, and was occupied by Messrs. Whittemore, Rutherford & Co. as a whole- Th, From 184^ to 1857. 73 sale grocery warehouse, and afterwards they added dry goods, being the only house in which both classes of goods were com- bined. This building is at present being demolished to make room for the new Quebec Bank, thereby removing one of the most prominent of the old landmarks of the city. Prominent Men in 1847. Amongst the prominent men to be seen on King Street in 1847 was the Right Reverend John Strachan, Lord Bishop of Toronto. Although small in stature, his lordship was dignified in manner and commanded univer.sal respect. Mr. Peter Brown — father of Messrs. George and Gordon Brown — was a gentleman of venerable appearance and much respected. The Messrs. Ridout Brothers, hardware merchants, Mr. Rice Lewis, Mr. John Harrington, and Mr. T. D. Harris, all in the same business, occupied prominent positions as business men. Mr. E. F. Whittemore, of the firm of Whittemore, Rutherford & Co.. took an active part in every benevolent and philan- thropic enterprise, and was distinguished for his temperance principles. Mr. Hugh Scobie, proprietor of the British Colonist, was a man of commanding presence and universally respected. ^^1 |15. Streets nd was whole- Lord Elgin. In January, 1847, Lord Elgin — two months after his second marriage, to Lady Mary Louise Lambton, daughter of Lord Durham — sailed for America in the Cunard steamer Hihernia, and encountered unusually rough weather, the voyage being most uncomfortable. They arrived at Halifax on +jhe 20th, intending to proceed to Montreal by way of Fredericton, but the condition of the roads was not suited to such an under- taking, so tlmy re-embarked for Boston, arriving on the 2.5th. riiey set out for Montreal the following morning, and reached their destination on the 29th, three days' journey, and took up their abode at Monklands. 6 : ■i,' f 74 Toronto ''Called Back.'' He was young and healthy, and could work eighteen hours a day ; possessed an amiable temper, and always a pleasant demeanor, and did not consider it derogatory to his dignity to walk to church. In 1849 the Rebellion Losses Bill was assented to, and riots occurred in consequence in Montreal. After this the seat of Government was removed to Toronto, in 1850. Lord Elgin was very popular in Toronto, and his levees were always well attended. During the summer of that year he gave a fete cluuiijyetre at his residence, near where the Central Presbyterian Church now stands, and as the view as far as Queen Street was almost uninterrupted, the entertainment was as pleasant as the name was appropriate. The writer has a pleasant recollection of a cordial greeting and a hearty shake of his hand on that occasion. The garden party given by the present Lieutenant-Governor on the occasion of the visit of the members of the British Association last year, showed by the surroundings the vast improvement that has taken place since that time. The beauty of the grounds which surround the present Gov- ernment House, with its luxurious furniture, and conservatory, fragrant with the perfume of rare exotics, contrasts in a strik- ing manner with former times. Toronto Police Force. There were about a dozen of policemen, having as a Chief Mr. George Sherwood. The Chief being a quiet, good-natured man, did not insist on any strict regulations as to the dress or discipline of the men. They wore a sort of uniform, but without uniformity, except in one respect — they were uniformly slovenly. Day & Martin's blacking and white gloves were not considered at all necessary ; the latter had not come into fashion, and as to the former, the men might say as to their boots what was generally said as to waggons and carriages, that if the mud was taken off they would be just as dirty in a short time again. It could not be wondered at, that in a city so celebrated for !ir I M'i' iilv; B ii-j -„;■:' ■t From iS^y to i8^j. 75 mud as Toronto, the buggies were allowed to remain for months in a dirty condition, M'hen only a short time ago Lon- don Fihnch gives a conversation between a tourist in the Highlands of Scotland and his hostler. The tourist says, " Why haven't you cleaned my carriage, as I told you last night ?" Hostler — " Hech, sir, what for would it need washing ? It will , be just the same when you be using it again." There was not much improvement in the Police Force till the appointment of Captain Prince, who, by tin introduction of a semi-military system of discipline, brought about a complete revolution in every respect ; not only in the dress and dis- cipline of the men, but in the selection of a superior class, both as regards physique and intelligence, forming in- a short time a body of police equal to that of any city in the world. The best men selected were from the Irish Constabulary, who had been drilled at the barracks in Phoenix Park, Dublin. r»1 1.' . ixcept Martin's ssary ; r, the aid as f! they First Strike in Toronto. In 1847 the first sewing machine was introduced by Mcs.srs. Walker tfe Hutchinson. The tailors in their employment, regarding this innovation as contrary to all their time-honored ideas of the manufacture of clothing, at once rebelled. Had not the old needle been used by hand since the fig-leaves were made into garments in the Garden of Eden ? Then, why should a new-fangled machine be invented to supersede the ancient .system ? The machine was only in use a few days when Messrs. Walker & Hutchinson, finding it so objectionable, agreed to discontinue its use, and handed it over to their men to use it as they thought proper. A day was appointed for the display of their triumph over machinery, and the discarded machine was exhibited on King Street, in the centre of a procession of the workmen, after which it was returned to the manufacturers in New York. The firm, in order to remove every trace of dissatofaction treated the men to a banquet, given the same evening. I \\ lilt 76 Toronto " Called Back.'' Immigrant Fever. The effects of the potato famine in Ireland were painfully visible in the appearance of the immigrants arriving by Quebec during the summer. It was estimated that 240,000 had died from starvation in Ireland. It was not that the people who had the means failed to stretch out the hand of charity. Won- derful acts of liberality and self-denial occurred, but the whole means of Ireland were inadequate to support her destitute poor. The British .ships were too few to carry over the provisions neces.sary to save human life. Then every English heart, while looking with terror at the future, throbbed with .sympathy for their dying brethren, and the relief di.stributed was re- ceived with the liveliest gratitude — the writer's brother being one of the " relief" agents appointed by the Government, related many instances of a most touching character in his district and towards himself personally. Enormous sums were subscribed to relieve the distressed. Noble and fearless men ventured into the haunts of famine and distress, and examined the evil before trying to remedy it. In the hour of calamity all differences of creed were laid aside, and the Roman and English priests met at the bed of the dying, joining in administering temporal and spiritual aid to the sufferers ; and, by a kind Providence, a fine summer and better crops gradually brought about a better state of things. The late Hon. W. E. Forster, when a young man, represented the Society of Friends in Ireland during the terrible famine, and his .services as a distributer of relief earned for him the love and gratitude of many a suffering soul, though it was his strange fortune forty years later to be regarded as the worst enemy of Ireland. When the world was horrified by the Phoenix Park murders, it came out on the trial of the assassins that Mr. Forster had been selected as another victim, so that, notwithstanding the respect and veneration with which the young Quaker had been regarded by the peasantry while engaged in the merciful work From iS^y to i8^y. 77 rders, had : the been work of relieving hunger and soothing the pillow of death in 184(5, yet the same peasantry held the kind-hearted, though firm and bluff' Chief Secretary in utter execration, and taught their children to curse him as the representative of blood-and-iron tyranny. As the result of imperfect nourishment, and other causes, the emigrants who left for America were decimated by ship fever, and hundreds were buried at Grosse Isle, below Quebec, who died on board the ships or at the ([uarantine station. There were many cases in Toronto, and in attending these, Bishop Power and ])r. Gra.ssett contracted the disease, from which they both died while faithfully and fearlessly discharg- ing their duties. Bathing. Before the Esplanade was formed, a favorite place for a swim was off Rees' wharf, ncarl}- opposite the Parliament Buildings and other quiet spots along the shore of the Bay. Here, on a fino summer's morning, many of the leading mer- chants and clerks from King Street might be seen indulging in the healthy exercise. The only restriction was as to time, there being none as to dress. No person was allowed to bathe after seven o'clock, before which time iL was perfectly legal. By those of us who had been accustomed to " disport beneatli the crested wave" on the Atlantic Coast, in piiris natiiralibus, the privilege was highly appreciated and enjoyed. One morning the writer chose a spot in front of the Com- mis.sariat Depot, which was always guarded by a sentry, who, with fixed bayonet, " walked his lonely round " in front of his box. These sentries appeared to be authorized to enforce the rule as to time. Not knowing it was past seven o'clock, I had quite prepared for a dip, when the sentry advanced a few paces, and, in a very decided tone, said if I went into the water he " would do his duty." Not liking the look of the cold steel, and thinking that in this case discretion was the better part of valor, I quickly dressed, and apologizing for having mistaken the hour, beat a retreat. ? IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe /. .^' .<^ ^^ / &0 1.0 I.I 11.25 £ IS 112.0 1.8 il il.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEPSTER.N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ iP i\ :\ \ ^\^ ^Zo. ^^" "^.1^ ^ ■«^' I \ ^nsi 78 Toronto " Called Back. Great Fire on King Street in 1848. This fire originated eastward of the Cathedral, and spread rapidly as far as Jarvis Street, and northward to Adelaide, then across to the old City Hall and Market, all of which were speedily consumed. The Rectory of St. James escaped, but the Cathedral, taking tire from some sparks which lodged on the spire, was entirely consumed. One bucket of water would have extinguished it when nrst discovered, but there was no way of reaching it, the fire hose being t^uite inadequate for the purpose. The writer distinctly recollects the falling of the spire. When the fire had done its work, and the crash became inevitable, it was supposed the spire would fall outwards, and the spectators kept a long way off, when, to the surprise of every one, it fell almost perpendicularly, top foremost, the vane on the top strik- ing the flag at the front door. The buildings on the opposite side were badly scorched, but escaped destruction. Establishment of Celebration of Queen's Birthday. To Toronto belongs the honor of having first inaugurated this celebration. In the year when every throne in Europe was shaken when Louis Philippe ana his illustrious Queen Were driven by the mob from the Tuilleries, and every vestige of Royalty on which the latter could lay their ruthless hands was destroyed, and when in disguise the Royal pair escaped to England as a haven of refuge, never did our noble Queen sit more firmly on her throne ; and the feeling 0^ loyalty appeared to be intensified by the surrounding contrast. At that time it was proposed to celebrate her birthday in Toronto, but it was not till the following year that it was fully kept, and shortly afterwards it was made a legal holiday, other cities having taken the matter up and followed the example set by Toronto. In 1850 Monsieur Napheygi, Secretary to the celebrated Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot and orator, who had I« J! 1^ ^ '■ fjoBm'^^ KNOX CHUKCH IN 1848. 4;^ , "';■, ^"■" :•■'■■'<■ III IT 80 Toronto " Called Back!' visited Toronto, assisted in the celebration of Her Majesty's birthday by a grand display of fireworks in front of the Par- liament Buildings. \\\ II: I First Retail Dry Goods Store on Yonge Street. Up to 1849 the retail dry goods trade was confined to King Street, and to a very limited portion of that street. The only dry goods sold on Yonge Street were in connection with groceries, in a store kept by Mr. James Leask, one door south of Queen Street. Mr. John Macdonald having decided to start a store, with the enterprise and pluck which has characterized all his movements, decided to try the experiment of an exclusively dry goods busi- ness, and in a short time was doing a thriving trade, one door south of Richmond Street, then known as the "Large 103," that being the number on the straet at that time, and the figures conspicuously painted in front of the building, ' The result of this venture is referred to in the chapter on the Model Wholesale Dry Goods Warehouse 01 the Dominion. SELLING ON THE STERLING COST. The system of selling at an advance on the sterling cost gave buyer the privilege of inspecting the invoice books be- fore the arrival of the goods, and if the buyer knew of special cheap lines, and wished to favor a particular customer, these lots were selected beforehand and laid aside as soon as opened. In this way Mr. Macdonald secured many a lot which, by judi- cious advertising, he brought before the attention of the public and soon acquired the reputation of selling cheap goods. The population of Toronto in 1847 was 21,050. Total assessment, £122,981, or $591,924 ; total expenditure, £7,288, or $29,152. The total importations to Toronto in 1848 were £197,225 5s. 3d., equal to $788,901.05. The same year Montreal imported goods valued at £1,603,027 17s. 9d., or $6,452,111.55, or nearly eight times as large as Toronto. From 1847 to 18^7. 81 In 1849 Toronto showed value imported to be £326,863 17s. 9d., or $1,307,455.55, and Montreal £1,236,533 68. 3d., or $4,- 946,133.25, Toronto having within the year brought the pro- portion as compared with Montreal from one-eighth to about one-fourth. j. .<:. - r' ■■■/.■"-iyi-.^^r^^:- ''^'■-■-i^':--^ ''■■ Business Houses in Toronto, 1847-1850. WHOLESALE DRY GOODS. Bowes & Hall. Bryce, McMurrich & Co. John Ewart, jun. & Co. Henry Fowler. , , Gilmour & Coulson. ■^'' William McMaster. Moffatt, Murtay & Co. P. J. O'Neill. W. L. Perrin & Co. John Robertson. Ross, Mitchell & Co. Taylor & Stevenson. Shaw, TurnbuU & Co. Topping & Brown. R. Wightman & Co. RETAIL DRY GOODS. John Macdonald. P. Paterson. ; ;■, Betley Rev. Henry Scadding, First Classical Master U. C. College. Hon. Henry Sherwood, Banister, ;' J. G. Spragge, Vice -Chancellor. Hon. and Right Rev. John Strachan, Lord Bishop of Toronto. G. VV. Strathy, Professor of Music. Hon E. P. Tache, Receiver-General, John F. Taylor, Clerk and Master in Chancery. Kivas Tully, Architect and Civil En- gineer. Wm. Wedd, Third Classical Master U. C. College. Hon. C. Widmer, Surgeon, Rev. M. Willis, D.D., Prof. Divinity, Knox College. William Wilson, Cashier Bank of Mont- real. It is worthy of note that the residences of all the leading men whose names are given were all south of Queen Street, except one or two who lived on that street. This will give a good idea of the improvement that has taken place in this respect. .3 ft ' ( li Li ! i 1' i^ Hi rr^ 84 Toronto ''Called Back.'' The upper stratum of society was decidedly refined and in- tellectual, and not by any means as exclusive as some have represented it. Nothing so invidious in class distinctions existed as was found in Montreal up to a late period, when the line was distinctly drawn between wholesale and retail mer- chants, and in otlier ways the " upper ten " principle strictly carried out. The number of churches in Toronto at this time was 27, divided as follows : — 4 Episcopal ; 1 Presbyterian Church of Scotland ; 4 Wesleyan ; 1 Presbyterian Church of Canada ; 2 Congregational ; 1 United Presbyterian ; I Methodist New Connexion; 1 Catholic Apostolic; 1 Primitive Methodist; 2 Baptist ; 1 Disciples ; 2 Roman Catholic. A Tour of Observation. Before deciding on settling in Toronto, the writer took a trip to New York to consult with his friend and companion of the previous seven yoars, Mr. Edward Martin, who had preceded him, and had, like Mr. A. T. Stewart, brought out a stock of Irish embroideries, then givirg employment to thousands of girls all over Ireland, and sold all over the world. My friend continued in the same trade, adding lace goods when the em- broidery business fell off, and retired quite recently with a large fortune. It was thought best that I should make a tour of several of the states as far west as Ohio, then the most rising and pros- perous state in the west. Returning by the New York Central, all the large towns were visited up to Buffalo, and then Erie and Cleveland were reached by steamer. From the latter place, down to Cincinnati, the only mode of travelling was either by the stages or canal boats drawn by horses. There appeared to be nothing, either in the manners of the people met with or the mode of doing business, to induce me to settle on that side of the line. Being invariably taken for an Englishman, and addressed as " stranger," I found that an Englishman was more of a foreigner than one of any other nationality. From 184'j to iS^y. H There were whole villages in Ohio owned by Germans or Dutch, on the communistic principle, and no English spoken. Apropos of speaking languages I may mention that having an uncle, who was an elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church,, stationed near Syracuse, on my way through I called to see him. Having two daughters at a large school in the centre of the state of New York, he wished me to go and see them. The distance to drive being about twenty miles, we stopped to rest with one of my uncle's parishioners, and in conversation with the lady of the house she asked me whether I had spoken the English language before I came to America. At once perceiving that her question was put on account of my being a native Irishman, I answered her accordingly. Having seen persons from different parts of Europe in that country, and all speaking their own language, she naturally thought I should know mine. We found my cousins boarding with the family of the sheriff of the county, and the lady herself busy with a broom, after using which to good purpose she was soon ready to entertain us in her drawing-room. " Helps " being hard to find, most of the ladies were obliged to help themselves. Being everywhere reminded that I was now in a free country,. I have frequently regretted not having crossed the Ohio River into Kentucky, where slavery was in full vigor, and human chattels were bought and sold every day ; and never having ex- perienced any particular oppression in the country from which I had recently come, I failed to appreciate the advantages of the freedom of which I was so constantly reminded as existing in the United States. Describing the gaiety going on in Washington while slavery existed there at this time, Whittier writes : Pitying God ! Is that a woman On whose wrists tlie shackles clash ? Is that shriek she utters human, Underneath the stinging lash ? Are they men whose eyes of madness From that sad procession flash ? i|i>.nf^ 1 3 : : I '■1' > ' !?>' ^ws I t;.si'; '.I ;i 86 ' Toronto ''Called Dackr * ' . • ' Still the dance goes gaily onward — ■ • ' . ' , What is it to wealtli and pride , , That without the stars are looking On a scene which earth should hide ; That the slave ship lies in waiting, Rocking on Potamac's tide ? This being the year in which Louis Philippe and his accom- plished consort were driven from the Tuilleries, and every vestige of royalty ruthlessly destroyed, and Laniartine h Co. had established the Republic of "Libert^, egalite, et fraternity" in France, additional favor seemed to have been given to these principles. While there was much to admire in the apparent absence of poverty, and a good degree of prosperity which seemed to exist, and an appearance of greater equality amongst all classes the further west I went, it was plainly seen that distinctions still existed, and society was divided into classes, as in every other community. There were some illiterate and others educated, some rude and rough in manners, others more refined and cultured. To judge of the manners of the people at the table d'hote of the best hotel in Cleveland at the time, and compare them with these seen at present, the decision must be, that a marvellous improvement has taken place, as well as in all other western ^ cities. '. v >■.', ", ,r;- ■■"■. .■v-v^-,. This being the place where a stranger has the best oppor- tunity of remarking the habits of people, my first impression was one of surprise that so little time should be devoted to table enjoyment. When the gong sounded there was a perfect . rush, and a grab at everything that could be reached. Vege- tables of all kinds, with pickles, were mixed up, and made to disappear before the waiters had time to present the bill of fare, and then fish, llesh and fowl were taken on the same plate, with a variety of puddings and pies ; all of which were conveyed to the mouth with the knife, the fork only doing duty while the meat was being cut ; and by the time a person not in a hurry got through with his soup, and was discussing the bill of fare, From 1847 to iS^y. 87 the table was half empty, and almost entirely so by the time the substantials were reached. The most surprising thing was to find these people after- wards quietly sitting round, apparently having abundance of time on their hands. * • On returning to Canada a trip was taken to Quebec, includ- ing a short stay at the principal towns and cities en route. Were it possible for a large proportion of the persons leaving the British Islands to postpone their decision as to their desti- nation till they had travelled through the principal States of the Union, and over a portion of this Dominion, it can scarcely be doubted that by fpr a larger number would prefer Canada. But as, either through correspondence with friends, or the representations of interested agents, nearly all decide as to the place of their future settlement, they lose the advantage to be gained by actual observation. This delightful trip, entirely by water on the lake and river steamers, could not tail to make a favorable impression. No longer addressed as " stranger," I everywhere found friends, and a thorough " home" feeling was constantly experienced, till on my return to Toronto there was no hesitation as to making it my future home. .' ^ First Return Visit to Eiirope. The passage to England, on the Cunard steamer Niagara, in the winter of 1849-50 was a most perilous one. When on the Banks of Newfoundland we found ourselves suddenly sur- rounded by immense fields of ice, which increased so rapidly that in a few hours the man at the mast-head sung out, " Nothing but ice all around ' " Having Her Majesty's mails on board, Capt. Leitch was not to be kept long in such a position, and having consulted with his officers, determined to push through. Orders were given to go ahead at half -speed, and after several hours of bumping and grinding, that was terrible to witness, the cry came from aloft, "Clear water ahead ! " and on getting out of the ice we found the grand vessel almost as helpless as a log on the water. Every float on both paddle-wheels had been H;., i I'-h \ 88 Toronto " Called Back."" literally torn to pieces, except six, and these vessels not being rigged for sailing, like the modern screw steamers, there w&s no prospect of progress from that ([uarter. With the foresight which has characterized the Cunard Line from the comtnencement, duplicate floats were on board, and the carpenter's crew, in spite of the rolling of the vessel, in a comparatively short time had all the floats replaced, and we were soon again under full steam for Liverpool. Shortly after arriving in London a partnership was formed with Mr. James Stevenson, with whom I had lived for several years in Dublin, and who was then residing in London, as buyer and manager with Munt, Brown & Co., Wood Street, London, Luton and Dunstable. Mr. Stevenson came to Toronto in the following spring. Windsor Castle. " Imperial dome of Edward, wise and brave! Where warlike Honor's brightest banners wave. Thy royal piles that rise elate, With many an antique tower in massy state." Never having seen Her Majesty the Queen, I expressed a wish to visit Windsor with that object, and accompanied by my brother, who was buyer for the house of Brown, Davis & Halse, of Gresham Street, and afterwards for Cook Sons & Co., St. Paul's Church Yard, went down to that historical town. We knew by the Royal Standard floating from the Castle tower that Her Majesty was at home, and after inspecting the portions of the Castle accessible to visitors during the Queen's residence there, and St. George's Chapel, and getting a splendid view of the surrounding country from the top of the tower, we had not yet seen any indication of the Queen's appearance, and were returning to the railway station to take the first train for London, when, while walking in a private street, without a single person in sight, we heard the noiso of horses' feet, and presently an equerry in royal livery came in view, and immedi- ately afterwards the Queen aad Prince Albert, in an open carriage and pair, enjoying a quiet drive. We, of course, un- f' w\ IM 5S ^ ^■^ ^M W i s B WINDSOB CASTLE. I From 184'] to iS^y. 91 covered our heads, and in return had a most gracious bow and smile from Her Majesty, Prince Albert at the same time raising his hat in response to our salutation. This was an opportunity seldom enjoyed, even by residents of London, and often earnestly dosired by Americans, and although having seen Her Majesty frequently afterwards, no sight on state occasions was so gratifying as this one. • _■■'■.■ "'. , i - Commencement of Commercial Travelling in Canada. In 1850 the firm of Taylor & Stevenson was established, and their business was carried on at the corner of Yonge and Col- borne Streets, in the building now occupied by Messrs. Buntin, Heid & Co. It was then newly built, and was one of the finest warehouses in the city. Mr. Stevenson having had extensive connections with all the straw goods manufacturers in London and Bedfordshire, that trade was made a leading branch. The first importations of these goods, in the spring of 18.51, were the largest that had ever been made into Canada, and having sent out circulars, we had buyers from Windsor in the west to Brockville in the east. The whole importations were closed out in a few weeks, and such was the quantity to be entered and packed that all hands were obliged to work for several weeks every night, except Saturday, till 2 or 3 o'clock, so as to get the goods forwarded within a reasonable time. To obviate this in future, the idea of taking the orders beforehand and shipping the goods direct soon took shape, and in the fall of that year samples were got out from the leading manufacturers, and the writer undertook to travel for orders. After the close of navigation there was only one regular mode of travelling. Weller's line of Mail Stages left daily for Mont- real and Quebec, and in this way the writer, who was the first commercial traveller in Canada, started from Toronto. In these days of Pullman cars and commercial hotels, to hear travellers complain of the discomforts and annoyances is rather amusing to those who have ploughed through mud and slush, t .] !| i ! ; - ^ i ,.v J:' M 92 Toronto " Called Back.'' ii . i \'l sometimes carrying rails otf the fences to "pry" the wheels of the stages out of the ruts, and again, in snow, carrying shovels to dig out the horses when large drifts were encountered ; all which is known to the writor by actual experience. The accommodation for bnggage for nine or ten passengers consisted of a "rack" at the back of the stage, so that baggage trunks and 300 lbs. weight of samples were never even thought of up to the time of the opening of the railroads. To meet this difficulty the writer had his samples sent out in miniature models, so small that samples representing thousands of dozens, for which he actually took orders, could all be carried in a small valise. The experiment was a great success; the goods were all packed in England to the various marks, and in the spring of 1852 were shipped in bulk to the various merchants, from Quebec to Windsor, or sent to Toronto for distribution. .vr;;>^ , -. During that fall not a single traveller was met on the whole road, but the following season a gentleman appeared as a com- petitor from a New York house, and ore or two others, amongst them Mr. Darling, of Montreal, in the hardware trade, and Mr. D. B. Macdonald, in fancy dry goods. The summer trips by steamers were very pleasant, but in the winter there was nothing but hardships, and in crossing the ice at different points very great danger. My rule was, that wherever the mail driver would venture I would go. On one occasion, in crossing from Belleville to Picton, the ice had melted, and in the whole distance across the Bay of Quinte no ice could be seen — the houses being almost knee deep in water. Again, in crossing from Kingston to Cape Vincent with four horses m the Mail Stage, and a heavy mail with a large number of passengers, where the ice was cracking, the horses had to "jump the cracks." Many rivers and canals were crossed in this way. One adventure on the road will give an idea of snow drifts. The town of Brockville was always to me, whether in summer or winter, a delightful resting-place, a sort of oasis in my travels from east to west, or vice versa. Young men away 'I4 I .!■•' l\l\ From 184Y ^0 1^51' 93 from home in a new country will appreciate my feelings when I say, that to find a sort of Canadian home, when a young traveller, was indeed a delifj^htful feeling. Here I always rested for a few days amongst my friends — the Hon. George and Messrs. John and James Crawford and their "con- nections, and especially Mr. Sheriff Sherwood, and the late Hon. John Ross, whom I had the pleasure of meeting there frequently. In the winter of 18o;3 I arrived there from the East in a heavy snow storm ; it was the 28rd of December, and I wished to get to Toronto by Christmas Day. On the 24th the Mail Stage came along, and having supplied ourselves with wooden shovels, we started for Kingston. Hav- ing got on a few miles we found the drifts getting worse, and after repeated efforts in literally digging the horses out, we were compelled to put up at a small tavern on the road side, and here, with bitter regrets at my folly in not remaining at Brockville, where I might have spent a pleasant Christmas, we were compelled to remain all Christmas Day. In the meantime the pathmasters had been notified by mes- sengers that the track must be opened at their peril to allow Her Majesty's Mails to proceed. On the 2Gth we again started, having much the same shovel- ling as before, when, having got on a few miles, we heard the sound of the down stajje's horn, and knew the track had been broken, and arrived in Kingston in a reasonable time. ; .- The formation of the Commercial Travellers' Association followed soon after the opening of the railroads, and has grown to immense proportions, as the annual reports of the various associations now existing abundantly show. In the last year (1874) in which the writer travelled in con- nection with the Toronto Association, his orders taken, in the United States and Canada, with some assistance, represented clo.se on half-a-million dollars, and during the year .scarcely a day was lost. With the comforts and facilities afforded by the Pullman and Wagner cars, enabling travellers to work all day and travel at night, and the best hotels on the Continent n I ■■ 1 h M l\ .\ . ■ i 1 \X h i! I' i I' li 94 Toronto " Called Back.'' competing for the patronage of the commercial travellers, the occupation has become, from being a drudgery, quite a pleasant life. Having served a good apprenticeship, and then given a son to succeed me in the Association, anything connected with com- mercial travelling is still a matter of great interest. The following newspapers were published: British Colonist, Christian Guardian, Daily Patriot and Express, Globe, North American, Canada Gazette, Church. Examiner, Mirror, Watch- man. It will be seen that of all the papers published in 1850 only two continue, the Globe and Christian Guardian, the latter being the oldest established weekly paper in Upper Canada. W. H. Smith says of Toronto in 1850 : — " Let a traveller, starting from Montreal on a summer trip, proceed westward till he arrives at Toronto. He sees a city, which he is told fifty 3'ears ago was a swamp, with street beyond street and building after building. He sees town lots selling for £10,000 an acre where thirty or forty years ago flourished a garden ; a magnificent church being erected where an old settler told him he once shot wild ducks." In connection with the old Mechanics' Institute it should be recorded that Mr. Robert Edwards was the polite and obliging Secretary for many yeai's, and it is also due to the memory of Mr. John Harrington to state that it was chiefly through his exertions and the liberality of the citizens that the present Free Library building was erected. The Music Hall in the upper part was, for years, the principal place for concerts, lectures and various exhibitions, and many celebrated men appeared from time to time on its platform, including Wilkie Collins, Proctor, Pepper, Punshon, and many others. Important public meetings were held, and public balls and banquets took place in this Hall, for any of which its capacity would be insufficient at the present time. The office of the Express Company, styled the European, United States and Canadian Express Company, was on Front Street, and James Burns was agent. From 184^ to iS^y. Public Institutions. 95 Athenasum and Commercial News Room. Mechanics' Instit ite. Post Office. Telegraph Office. University (old building). Upper Canada College. Osgoode Hall. Parliament Buildings. Financial Affairs 1850. REVENDK. £ 8. d. Assessment 8,o40 Rental 3,417 5 Fees 1,325 994 150 2,366 4 5.30 5 Licenses Drainage Fees & Arrears of Taxes Cash on hand EXPENDITURE. £ Interest 4,800 Salaries 2,875 Roads 1 ,355 Gas 1,277 Fire 1,600 Redemption of City Notes Use of County Jail .... Ward Appropriation . . Incidental Police Ex- penditure Printing and Stationery Coroner's Expen&es . . . Miscellaneous 2,994 Estimated Revenue over Expenditure 16 850 600 500 110 280 115 ». d. 7 4 6 8 £17,32f: 14 or $69,290 SO ' £17,322 14 or $69,290 00 CITY DEBT. £ 8. d. Debentures 67,372 15 6 Corporation Notes 17,346 15 Sundries 2,444 14 8 £87,184 5 2 or $348,737 04 ASSETS. £ 8. Outstanding Rents, Fees, Deb' , Taxes, and Cash on hand 2,436 9 Leaving to be paid ... 84,727 16 £87,184 5 2 or $348,737 04 r? r t ^ ; '' '^i^^ 96 Toronto '' Called Back'\ \\\ Toronto iu 1850. In 1850 the principal streets running east and west were Front, King, Richmond, Adelaide and Queen ; running north and south were Yonge, Church, Bay and York. These were the most thickly settled and best business portions of the city. The two principal thoroughfares, and the streets containing the largest number of shops, were King and Yonge. A little eastward of the centre of the city were situated the Market Building and C'ty Hall. The old City Hall was a decent, old-fashioned pile of red brick, the front of which was on King Street. Beneath and behind was the Market, walled in, and enclosed with gates. After the fire the new City Hall, the present one, was erected of white brick, opposite the Market Square, and running down towards the Bay. This is a very strange looking building, and it was unfortun- ate for the reputation of the architect employed that he had not left the Province before he completed the building, instead of afterwards. *' ■ The old City Buildings having been destroyed in the great fire, a magnificent pile of buildings was erected in their pla^e, called the St. Lawrence Hall and St. Lawrence Buildings. At this time the St. James' Cathedral was in the course of erection ; Knox Church, Holy Trinity, and St. Michael's had been built. . Bonding System via United States. In the spring of 1848 there were no new spring goods shown in Toronto till the ir-iddle of May, on the opening of navigation. The arrival of sailing vessels, which then conveyed all freight to Quebec, was looked for with great anxiety. The ladies, in the meantime, were compelled to wear their last spring bonnets, dresses and mantles, and the retail dry goods men had a chance of selling off their old stock from the previous season. The effect of this was that when the goods arrived in Toronto the country storekeepers, who awaited the event, came in a body to From 184"] to 18^/. 97 the city, and at seven o'clock in the morning it was no unusual sight to see as many as thirty or forty on the street, awaiting the opening of the warehouses, and ready to grab at the first lot of goods they could get their hands on — styles and prices being considered a matter of no importance : they wanted British and foreign dry goods, and were determined to havei them. There was no time for making prices ; that was to follow after the rush, and each man filled his locker or bunk with an indiscriminate collection, subject to revision on the first opportunity. When, perhaps, his neighbor's back was turned, to make a fair exchange was considered no robbery, should he happen to spy a chance lot of something he coveted in his neighbor's bunk. As the goods were sold at sterling prices, with a certain advance added, the invoice book was then called into requisition, and goods entered accordingly. In this way the whole importations were generally pretty well cleared out in a few weeks, and as the country merchants were supposed to- have laid in their whole season's stock, the wholesale houses had a quiet time in the warehouse after this, however it might be in the counting house, the financing following such a sys- tem requiring much tact and ingenuity. This state of things could not continue, with the increasing demand for early spring goods, and something must be done in the way of improvement. While British and foreign goods were arriving at Boston or New York weekly, Canadian merchants were debarred from getting any of their importations from these ports via the American railroads, there being no law to permit it. The firm of Hill, Sears «Sj Co., of Boston, a branch of the Lon- don firm of Alfred Hill 1.1 I li ST. JAMBS CATHEDRAL. 8 shar roon impi !0 Tl was abou dry J Dt 1850 to spi Merri Baldv Wl preva No ir vestec poetrj languj sprink listene Inl speech Ont was su It is built, tl the froi principj Esplans squabbl offer wa At pr propose( it may I i M i From 184"] to iS^j. 107 shanties ; these have been completely swept away, to make room for elegant brick houses. While the retailers have been improving their places of business, the wholesale houses have also continued to augment in number and beauty." The present Bank of Commerce was then newly built, and was by far the finest wholesale warehouse in the city, and was about to be occupied by Messrs. Ross, Mitchell & Co., wholesale dry goods merchants. During the times the Parliament remained in Toronto, between 1850 and 1857, many men celebrated in history could be heard to speak. Papineau, W. L. Mackenzie, Cauchon, Cartier, Prince, Merritt, Gugy, Drummond, Dorion, Hincks, D'Arcy McGee, Baldwin, John Sandfield Macdonald, and others. When Mr. McGee rose to speak, the most profound attention prevailed, all admitting the superior charm of his eloquence. No matter what the subject of debate might be, it was in- vested with new interest, and having at command art, science, poetry, and history, his ideas were clothed in most beautiful language, and were full of originality, and given with such a sprinkling of wit and humor as never failed to delight his listeners. In 1852 Mr. George Brown made his maiden Parliamentary speech, which occupied two hours. On the 28th of December, 1853, Lord Elgin left Toronto, and was succeeded by Sir Edmund Head, in 1854. The Esplanade. It is said that when the Grand Trunk Railway was being built, the Company offered to build stone wharves or quays along the front of the city, with iron bridges across the tracks at the principal crossings, and at less than the cost of the present Esplanade, but through the obstructiveness of some, and the squabbling and procrastination of others, of the Corporation, the offer was withdrawn. At present, when so much public attention is directed to the proposed new street and general improvement of the city front, it may be interesting to refer to the various schemes proposed M \ r * ;• ■' -i ■ ■■ ■ io8 Toronto " Called Back.'' 1 Hl^M •'' MH IJ p^w :i ^r-^iil from 1850 to 1854, and for this purpose we extract a few items from Maclear's Anglo- Atnevican Magazine. The " Editor's Shanty " was supposed to be the resort of representative characters, under the Hobriquets of the "Doctor," the "Laird," and the "Major." These gentlemen met to discuss the current events, and to review the literature of the week. The question of the proposed Esplanade having come up for discussion, the Laird begins : " But, Major, what was ye gaun to say aboot the Toronto Esplanade at our last meetin', when Mrs. Grundy telt us the supper was ready ? I see the newspapers are makin' a great fuss about it now. One day we have a long report from Cum- berland to the Northern Railway directors, another day a letter from the City Surveyor about it, in another it is announced that Gzowski and the Grand Trunk contractors are gaun to make the thing at once. Did ye hear onything mair aboot it?" Major — "I was then going to draw your attention to a long letter which appeared in the May number of the Canadian Journal, prior to any of these you have just mentioned, the author of which signs himself "A Member of the Canadian Institute," and advocates strongly the importance of making provision for public walks, baths, wash-houses, etc., and sets forth a new plan for the Esplanade, by which the railways can be brought into the very heart of the city without the necessity of level crossings. I thought at the time that the plan, although probably too costly, and on too grand a scale, was a feasible one, and deserving of more attention than it seems to have received. Since then I am glad to see that the Chief Engineer of the Northern Railway has taken it up, and strongly recommended its adoption, with slight modifications." Laird — "Before we gang any further, I would like to ken the correct meaning of level crossings, for there were nae railroads when I was at schule, maist saxty years syne, and I'm rather particularly concerned in this matter — one of my friends has a water lot near Yonge Street." Major — " When one railway crosses another on the same I if From 184'] to fS^'j. 109 horizontal plane, or where a railway crosses a street in the same manner, that is to say, without either being bridged, it is termed a level crossing, and they are the cause of a great many acci- dents." Doctor — " You will recollect. Laird, of that serious collision, only a few months ago, near Detroit, when one passenger train ran into another on a level crossing, to the great destruction of life and property. Level crossings have always been a source of danger, and should, at any cost, be avoided, if possible, in crowded thoroughfares." Laird — " I understand it noo. Indeed I thocht it was that, yet I aye like to mak sure ; but I dinna see why the needna gang slower through a town ; there's na use to biss through as if the deil was at their heels." Doctor — "Yes, my good Laird, but there are innumerable chances of danger, however slow the trains may travel. — the locomotives themselves have been known to become unmanage- able and run away. Horses are apt to get frightened, women and children may be overtaken while crossing the tracks, or old gentlemen, like yourself and the Major, who do not hear quite so well as in your younger years, may make even as nar- row escapes as he did at Waterloo." La: I J — " Toot, mon, I can hear yon whussle half a mile awa'. I'm no sae deaf as a' that, and maybe there are some older and deafer than me (joking). I'll tell ye. Doctor, gin there be as muckle danger as you say, gentlemen in your profession should keep a calim sough. A broken leg noo and then would aye be mair grist to your mill. I think we'd better cry quits noo, as we're gettin' afF the thread, and I'm anxious to hear aboot this plan of the Major's. It's strange I didna see the letter he spoke of." Major — " Indeed, Laird, it's altogether my fault. I lent the Journal for May to a friend of mine, who only returned it a few days ago, but here it is ; and, although the letter is rather long, it refers to various other matters, which we may discuss at an- other time. With your permission I will read the letter." Doctor and Laird — "Do. Go on, go on." i Hi I lO Toronto " Called Back.'' IH> Major — " There was a litbographefl plan which accompanied the letter, and you will have some trouble to understand the letter without it. However, here goes." [Major reads the letter] : •' To the Editor Canadian Journal, — The water frontage of Toronto, extending over a length of from two to three miles, and up to the present time almost unoccupied, is now about to be used for railway purposes. ;,; / . " Adjoining thereto, and extending about three-fourths of a mile along the south side of Front Street, immediately to the east of the old fort, a tract of land, averaging in width about 100 feet, was some years ago reserved for the public as a pro- menade or pleasure ground, which reserve is also being appro- priated by the railway companies for their own use. ' " Much has lately been written, and far more has been said» regarding the occupation of the water frontage by the railway companies. One party advocates the conversion of every foot of ground now lying waste, into track, brick and mortar Another party, with more concern for the healthful recrea- tion of future generations than the convenience of the present, insiHts on these reserves for pleasure grounds being retained for the purpose they were originally intended to serve. All must admit that the interests of the public and the railway companies are one in the most important particulars, and that every facility should be afforded them in endeavoring to establish their work ; but, if in so doing it be found expedient that these public grounds should be surrendered for the purposes of business — the life and soul of all commercial cities — it ought not to be forgotten that posterity has some claim on the repre- sentatives of the public at the present day, and some effort should be made to provide breathing space for those who come after us. " It will indeed be a reproach if, within the limits of the City of Toronto, comprising an area of six square miles, and which, half a century ago, was just emerging from the wilderness, a few acres be not set apart and held inviolate for these purposes." LU UJ P a: \J ui j5 < in UJ UJ sc o O S i 1 fl w '1 iy i IMj,'''''l ■i ^ 1 ■ ^i,ifl|i * ■■■-■ '^^^^P 1 If S^^^^K' ''SI ■ " ' t 1 ■ '■' ■V. ' ■• J'r : , 1 ■• 1' ' ■ 1 i i \ n ^ ? v'-1 ■ timh 1 Do It wil parks posed 40,00( reach i a strif that b what } Laii public cros.sin unders Look a and th< tap of i a' the < bridore > think ti Majc You ha as the wanted roads fr [iMajo "It'is entire le nine raiJ only by and for i " Fron of and se and pari trees thn "Thee the whai The bridi From 184'/ to iS^y. 1 1 1 Doctor — " I quite agree with the writer in many respects. It will indeed be a great reproacii if space be not left for a few parks and public walks. She has now, exclusive of the pro- posed Esplanade and Terrace, only one lung for the airing of 40,000 human beings, with almost a certainty of that number reaching 100,000 in ten years. I refer to the College Avenue, a strip of land about half a mile long by 130 feet wide, and if that be insufficient now for the recreation of the inhabitants, what will it be in ten years hence ?" Laird — " Onybody will acbnit tliat the arguments in favor of public works are guid, an' that it's better to hae nae " level crossings" if ye can arrange so as no to hae them, yet if I understand your plan. Major, I dinna think it'll work weel. Look at the number of bridges required to cross the railways, and the trouble it wad be to climb up a slope as high as the tap of a locomotive, just to come doun the other side again, and a' the gudes frae the wharves wad hae to be drawn up to the bridge and doun again to the street, in the same way. I rather think the carters wad gie up work a'thegither." " ;y Major — " Ah, Laird, I see you are laboring under a mistake. You have forgotten that Front Street is already about as high as the bridges would require to be, and that slopes would be wanted only from the wharves upward, similar to the present roads from the wharves up to the level of Front Street." [Major continues to read] : " It is proposed to set apart a strip of land throughout the entire length of the city, of a width sufficient to accommodate nine railway tracks, to be level with the wharves, to be crossed only by bridges, and to be used solely as a railway approach and for railway connections. " Front Street to be converted into a Terrace above the level of and separate from the railway approach, by a retaining wall and parapet, to be 120 feet wide, and planted with rows of trees throughout the entire length. " The entire area south of the Front Street Terrace to be on the wharfage level, and reached by slopes from the bridges. The bridges may be of iron of a simple ornamental character. !;!: ';; -i- 11 I 12 Toronto ''Called Back." I' '4 4 " It i.s also pioposed to reserve certain portions for the land- ing of steamboats, for private forwarders, for baths and wash- houses, or for (general public service. The places allotted for this purpose on the plans are situated at thu foot of York and Yonge Streets, and at the rear of the St. Lawrence Hall, and are named, respectively, the Niagara, the City, and St. Law- rence Basins ; while contemplating improvements on so ^-rand a scale, the selecting of a site to be dedicated to a great public building .should not be lost sight of. I refer to one of which even now the want is felt, viz. : The Canadian Museum, for the formation of which the Canadian Institute is making strenu- ous exertions, and also a permanent home for that Society. " The very best sittiation would doubtless be in the vacant space at the intersection of Yonge Street with the grand Ter- race (where the Custom House and Soap Factory now stand), or south of the railway tracks facing the bridges from Yonge Street, as .shown on the plan. " There can be no good reason why the building should not be sufficiently extensive to include a Merchants' Hall and Exchange under the same roof, or offices for telegraph companies, brokers, etc., in its basement, or why it .should not be as ornamental and imposing as its central position would require, or the pur- pose of its erection demand." - Mr. Cumberland's report is then read, when the Major pro- ceeds. Major — " After these two documents we come to the last that has appeared on this subject — a letter from Mr. Thomas, City Surveyor. I feel rather fatigued, Doctor, perhaps you will read the extract markt .1 You will see that the leading feature of Mr. Thomas' p!jin is to build a street or Esplanade over the railway tracks on stone piers and brick arches, extend- ing the whole length from Simcoe to Parliament Streets, with flights of stone steps leading up thereto at intervals. I can scarcely yet venture an opinion, but it seems to be rather an extravagant idea of the value of space, to put one street over another on arches, when the same object can be attained at much less cost by taking in sixty or seventy feet more of the bay." From 1847 to i8sj. "3 DouiOR reads : "I purpose, thoruforo, to make Front Street, from Siincoe to Parliament, a business street, and ot* sucli a width as not to destroy the Custom House, or the valuable wholesale and other stores already built and now in course of erection on the south Hif' ■vn ■- With' the prospect of railroads being built, and the consequent increase of travel, the want of a first-class hotel was much felt, and Messrs. Rossin Bros., very popular and enterprising gentle- men, then doing the principal watch and jewellex'y business, undertook to canvass the wholesale merchants and others in- terested in the growth and prosperity of the city, for subscrip- tions towards building an hotel worthy of the Queen City- The stock was soon taken up, and debentures of £100 or $400 each were issued, one of which the wri*)er willingly took in behalf of the firm, just as all others did, not with a view of making profit bat to promote the enterprise. Thc^j ground was secured and the first hotel built and finished, and was placed in the hands of Mr. A. C Joslin as proprietor. It being found that it did not pay, Messrs. Rossin Bros, bought up the debentures at 60 per cent, discount, which the holders were willing to lose From 1 8 4"] to i8^y. 115 to keep the concern afloat, and in this way it was continued till it was burned down. It was soon re-built on a much grander scale, and has gone on increasing in size and splendor ever since. In June of 1853 the Grand Trunk Railway >/as opened to Portland, and at the close of the year the Great Western was opened from the Suspension Bridge to Hamilton and London^ and within a month was completed to Windsor. The contract for the road from Toronto to Montreal was signed by Mr. Jackson and his associates on the arrival in London of the Hon. John Ross. The line from Toronto to Hamilton was undertaken by another contractor, at £1,000 more per mile than the Grand Trunk. r. The writer travelled in tl e old leather-swung stage from Hamilton to London the night before the opening of the road, and in anticipation of their occupation being about to go the following day, the hotel-keepers at the different places where the horses were changed were especially grumpy. The St. James' Cathedral organ, built by Messrs. Warren Bros., of Montreal, was put in its place on IVth May, and was worthy of the repv.tation of that firm. The choir at this time was composed of effective and well-trained singers, and the whole musical service gave great satisfaction. ^^ ^^^^!!' ■ ^ " Mercantile Agencies. ^ ' , The system of reporting the standing of business men by regular subscription rates was commenced in Toronto in 1855. Previous to that time there had been private correspondence with New York, but no regular agency had been opened, nor was the arrangement publicly known. A Mr. Hart was sent to Toronto by the firm of R. G. Dun & Co. at this time, to obtain subscribers, and the firm of Taylor & Stevenson was among the first to give their names. Having received a sufficient number to warrant them in opening an office, Mr. Kimball arrived shortly afterwards from New York, and commenced his agency in the Exchange Buildings, Wel- lington Street. t I r ■i 'V ^■i Ii6 Toronto " Called Back!' i I ' ill The principle of giving information as to every man in -busi- ness was not well received by a portion of the press. Several severe articles appeared, denouncing the introduction of such a system of espionage. The agents were called pimps, detec- tives, spies, informers, and eaves-droppers, and the business community was called upon to denounce the whole busi- ness, and stamp it out, as a blot on the respectability of the city. Lawsuits for defamation of character were threat- ened, and although the agent and his assistants were well received personally, the system was looked upon as wholly disreputable. To think that a man's private business was to be exposed by strangers who had no legitimate means of knowing the circum- stances, was said to be an outrage on public decency, and only a system of black -mail for the purpose of extorting monoy ar,-^ compelling business houses to subscribe to the agency, in .seiJ- defence. . v . - ■ •! . ■ 'i Notwithstanding all this opposition, the business grew in strength from day to day, and merchants found that the infor- mation received was, on the whole, of a more reliable character, because more disinterested and independent, than could be obtained hy references from one house to another. It had been known that merchants' references were more or less unreliable, on account of the interest they had in keeping up the credit of their customers, who, if in the books of a house to any great extent, would not be likely to receive an unfavorable character, and in this way other houses would be led to give them credit on the strength of these interested statements, often resulting in a loss to the new creditors, while the old had an opportunity of reducing their line of credit, and saving themselves either partially or entirely from loss. In this appeared to be the secret of success of the mercantile agencies, the information given being alike to all subscribers, and recorded in their books for constant reference, with changes in rating given from time to time, and all preferences or securi- ties regularly registered and reported. The style of R. G. Dun & Co. was shortly afterwards changed t From 1847 to 1857. 117 to Dun, Wirnan & Co., by the introduction of Mr. Erastus Wiman into the firm. The name of v.. ' J . {. 1 MR. EUASTUS WIMAN is so intimately connected with Toronto as to deserve more than a passing notice. Although a resident of the United States, he is still a British subject, a Canadian and a Torontonian, and owes his present high position more to Canada than to the United States. In Toronto he commenced his career as a printer boy at Sl.oO per week, which at twenty he was proud to have advanced to $1.50 per week. From this he became a market reporter, then commercial reporter on the staff of the Globe, and Superintendent of tlie Toronto Exchange, and in 1860 became connected with the mercantile agency of R. G. Dun & Co. He was subsequently promoted to the position of travelling reporter, and in 1862 became manager of the Toronto office, succeeding Mr. Kimball. In 1868 he was transferred to the Montreal office — both the Toronto and Montreal districts being placed under his administration. This continued till 1866, when he was transferred to the New York office, and admitted as a partner in the firm. ( !)wing to the war the business had run down, and was sustained chiefly by the amount of money made in Canada. This success, with his knowledge of printing, gave Mr. Wiman great advantages, and firmly established his posi- tion. The business has grown to vast proportions. The books of the firm are published quarterly, and contain one million names. They employ forty printers, and have standing in type twenty tons agate, costing one dollar per pound. , 4" ' There are one hundred and six branch establishments through- out the country — forty of the managers being Canadians, with salaries ranging from fifteen hundred to twelve thousand dollars per annum. There are about one thousand Canadians employed in the business. On the death of Mr. Barlow, the interest of that gentkunan passed into the hands of Mr. Wiman, and he became virtually the working-head of the entire agency. The consolidation of the two Canadian Telegraph Companies is due, to a great ex- Mm ii8 Toronto " Called Back" tent, to his assistance, placing the whole system on a paying basis, Mr. H. C. D wight being made general superintendent. Mr. Wiman has shown his liberality to this city in the free iiift of the baths which are called after his name, and which cost about fifteen thousand dollars. . . Mortier, SuliVen, Duquesne and Condt^. In the midst of the upper part of the Court is a colossal equestrian statue of Louis XIV. The lofty building on the right is the chapel, the architecture of which is remarkably florid and elegant. It is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters and a balustrade crowned by twenty-eight statues The Grand Trianon is a villa at the extremity of the Park, and was built by Louis XIV. for Madame Maintenon, after the design by Mansard. It is in the Italian style, consisting of one storey and two wings united by a loiig gallery pierced by seven arcades, fronted with Ionic columns and pilasters of Lan- guedoc marble. The garden of the Grand Trianon is laid out in a style similar to that of Versailles, and contains seven fine fountains in Carara marble. There are many excellent pieces of sculpture in vari- ous parts. The grounds in the rear are laid out in groves cut into labyrinths. " w ■ ;;;.■:' The Grand Trianon was always a favorite residence of Louis XIV., XV. and XVI. Napoleon also frequently resided in it, and made a direct road from there to St. Cloud. As no opportunity was lost during the week of seeing all the sights, Versailles was the point of attraction on the 25th of August. The Royal party were in the Park in the rear of the Palace, while immense crowds thronged the square in front. A deter- From 184J to i8$y. 125 mined effort had to be made to get through the gateway. A procession of officials appeared from another part of the Palace marching towards the main entrance to the Park. Seizing the opportunity we fell into the procession and soon found our- selves on the Grand Terrace, close to the Royal carriages, with only a select few. standing around, while the splendid band of the Cent Gardes performed. Shortly afterwards the party drove towards the Grand Trianon along lines of statuary flanked by evergreen jcv trees, forming perpendicular walls pierced with arches. This effect is produced by clipping the trees. As the carriage of the Queen and Prince Albert passed each fountain a salute burst from the water works, producing a most beautiful effect. These water works, commenced by Charles X., are the finest in the world, and have cost fabulous sums in being brought to their present perfection, receiving constant additions and improvements from the various reigning sovereigns. As a reminiscence connected with Toronto, on entering a restaurant at Versailles, we noticed at a table close by Mr. and Mrs. William Henry Boulton. After inspecting various grand galleries in the Palace, in- cluding the great hall of paintings, which if .spread out would cover seven miles, we left this grandly historical building, having a delightful run to Paris by rail, some of the carriages having seats for passengers outside, on the top. The ru.sh to leave Paris after the departure of the Queen, was far greater than on her arrival. It seemed as if everybody wanted to get away at the same time, and hero a hint may be given that might be useful in similar crowds, should they ever be witnessed in Paris again. Even if a knowledge of the language is possessed, it is an advantage sometimes to appear to know nothing about it. The Paris gens d'armes, with cocked hats and swords, are formidable looking individuals, but if there is a rush for a train, and you are kept back, with the risk of losing your connection with the tidal train at Dieppe (which was to be our point of departure for Newhaven), a volley of English will be found to Is H \' *■ . J t 126 Toronto *' Called Back.'' BWHI. confound the policemen, and to gain the victory. This plan was never known to the writer to fail, except on one occasion. The rule on all omnibuses and tramways of limiting the num- ber of passengers is strictly enforced, and each passenger, no matter what the rush may be, is only admitted by ticket in the order of consecutive numbers. When the conveyance is full the board with the word "complet" is shown. A story was told of a gentleman waiting at a certain point to get a 'bus for the Grand Exposition, but all appeared with this board at the back. At last he remarked that all the con- veyances appeared to be going to " Gomplel," and he wanted to go to the Exposition. On going to the waiting room he got on in his regular order. The writer undertook to jump on a 'bus having the word referred to, and hoped by the free use of English to confound the conductor, but this attempt proved a failure, an^ a firm " Descendez votes, monsieur, si voiis jdait," compelled a descent- When will the Toronto Street Car Company adopt the ^ nch and English system of finding a seat for every passenge Departure from Paris. This occurred on Monday, the 27th August. As the brilliant staff of Generals, headed by a scjuadron of mounted Chasseurs, turned down the Rue Castiglione, it became evident that a splendid show was behind them. Very impc ing the statt looked, backed by the scarlet uniform of the band of the Guides. After the Guides came four Piqueurs preceding four elegant carriages drawn by two horses, and three state carriages drawn by six horses. The splendor of these equipages, literally covered with gold, led the crowds to believe that they must contain the Queen and the Emperor, but glancing along the line they saw that the point of attraction lay still in the distance. These carriages contained the suites of the two Courts. They were followed by eight splendidly-equipped Piqueurs, who were before a gorgeous state carriage, the body of which was green, From iS^y to iS^j. 127 richly relievod by gilt orminicntation. In this vehicU' sat the Prince of Wales, wearing;; over a black velvet tunic a tartan scarf. He appearetl to take a boyish deli<^ht in the atiair. In the same carriage with him was Prince Napoleon. The next carriage, drawn by eight splendid horses, contained the Queen of England, the Emperor, Prince Albert, and the I'rincess Royal. As this magnificent carriage, made for the Emperor's wedding, advanced, the most lusty cheers arose to greet the Royal party. The Imperial carriages were followed by the Generals of division and brigade, the Cent Gardes, and a squadron of Cuirassiers of the Guard, preceded by their l)and. From the railway station, where the ceremony of parting took place amid great enthusiasm, the Queen and party left for Boulogne en route for England. Incidents During t^ Queen's Visit. The Queen, accompanied by the Emperor, admired at the Exhibition a tine group in hxonze," Lc Lion Anwreux." Im- mediately on the departure of their Majesties, it was removed to St. Cloud and placed in the apartments occupied by the Queen. On the evening of the representation at the Grand Opera, just before starting, the Emperor sent to the Queen a bouquet of splendid exotic flowers, contained in a portr-houquet of gold •ornamented with diamonds and pearls, being one of the most exquisite productions of jewellery that could be conceived. The Queen was so enchanted with it that during the evening she was continually admiring it, and remarked, " I cannot describe the amiability with which I am received here ; all is so magni- ticently and at once so delicately done, that it is impossible to find a fitting expression." Upon her entrance into the gorgeous saloon of fountains at the Hotel de Ville, the Queen remained a moment breathless, speechless with admiration and surprise, and at last uttered these words : " Our English language has no word, no term, to express the feeling excited by such wonders. It is a dream, the realization of one of the Arabian Nights tales I" y;,-ji!pw m am ti% Toronto " Called Backy The Imperial Cent Gardes, as their name indicates, were one hundred in number, and nearly all six feet in height. When mounted they wore a light blue tunic, with crimson facings, a cuirass, and bright, silvery looking helmets, profusely decorated with gold, and carrying a double red and white feather. The epaulettes were gold and fringe gold, mixed with crimson silk. The breeches were white leather, the boots similar to the Horse Guards, the saddle-cloths crimson, richly embroidered with. gold. The writer on one occasion seeing them at night, observed that over all this gorgeous uniform they wore long cloaks of pure wliite cloth. Being attracted by their appearance at the entrance to the Gymnase Theatre, and hearing that the Emperor and Empress had just gone in, the temptation was too great to be resisted, and I soon found myself in a place nearly opposite the Royal box. With the free use of a " binocular " I had a splendid sight of the Royal pair, which was really the object I had in view at the time. The Empress was then in the very prime of her celebrated beauty, and being in mourning, without any ornament whatever, showed to the greater advantage. This circumstance occurred during a previou.3 visit to Paris. The cost of lighting the Palace and Gardens at Versailles amounted to $31,250, and the ball at the Hotel de Ville to $60,000. In a few days after the departure of the Queen from Paris, the second bombardment of Sebastopol — which Prince Gort- chakoti' profanely designated as "afire of hell" — commenced, on the 5th of September, and on the 8th the Russians fled. When day dawned on the 8th, the flames of a great confla- gration were seen in the centre of the city, and in a short time it was a mass of ruins. On the same day the assault of the Malakoff was undertaken by Marshal Pelessier, assisted by Generals Bosquet and McMahon, to whom the Marshal gave the credit of the assault. The taking of the MalakofF Tower compelled the Russian evacuation of Seba.stopol. Toronto can boast of two of the trophies which were dis- From 184'j to iS^y. 129 tributed through England and her colonies, in the possession of two guns ia the Queen's Park. Paris Universal Exhibition. The building erected for the finer productions, remaining still, is familiar to visitors to Paris, situated on the Champ Elysees, close to the Place de la Concorde ; it is now used as a fine arts gallery. The annexes, extending for nearly a mile along the banks of the Seine, and used for machinery and heavy exhibits, were removed. The splendor of the Panorama building, with its long line of jewellery, gold, silk, satins, paintings, sculpture, musical in- struments, etc., was in some respects superior to London in 1851, but was surpassed by the Exhibition in 1807. During the week, as far as time permitted, all the grand sights were witnessed and the various places of interest visited. The Palace of the Luxembourg, the Hotel des Invalides, and the Tomb of Napoleon, where streams of visitors passed in and out. Under the magnificent dome is the open crypt, on the polished granite walls of which are inscribed the names of the hero's great victories. In the centre stands the massive sarcophagus with marble statues around it. "' Before you is the superb high altar, Hooded with golden light from the painted windows, and around are the stately columns which support the lofty dome. The tomb is gorgeous in marble and gold." Notre Dame Cathedral, with its jewelled .splendors, the solid gold and silver uten.siis on the altar, the splendid robes of Popes, Bishops, and Coronation robes of Kings, including that of the If-mperors Napoleon I. and III. Then the Louvre, with its frescoed walls and ceilings, marble pillars and long halls of paintings and statuary by the great masters, marble tables covered with rich cabinets of the rarest specimens of jewels and enamels. The Madeleine, the Palace of the Tuillerios, the Grand Exposition itself, which it would bo vain to attempt to describe, were all done and thoroughly enjoyed before leaving the beautiful city on this visit. The return to England was by way of Dieppe to Newhaven, iif nrrnmriT 130 Toronto " Called BackT and in another week we were on board one of the Allan steamers for Quebec, having again as a fellow-pasaenger, also returning to Toronto, our friend Col. R. L. Denison. After re- NOTKB DAMK ('ATHE1>HAL, I'AIUM. niaining in Toronto till the clooC of the fall trade we returned to England, making St. Helens, near Liverpool, our home. This was a convenient point for attending to shipping from Liv^er- pool, and as nearly three hundred trains a day passed the From 184'/ to 1857. 131 "junction," it afforded constant and easy access to the manu- facturing districts cf Lancashire and Yorkshire, as also to London, Paris, Ireland and Scotland. . . , While making my home in England, for the purpose of ship- ping goods weekly to Toronto, till LS58, two trips were made during that time, and the trade was closely watched. In 1856 the work of railway construction went rapidly on, and trade had never been so good — the importations had increased from $2,286,508 in 1850, to $6,670,500. The duty had increased from 12| to 15 per cent., and no one foresaw the re-action that was so soon to take place, on the completion of the Grand Trunk and other railways, as well as the close of the Crimean war, when prices of produce returned to their normal condition. The Queen Opening Parliament, February Ist, 1856, at the close of the Crimean War, was an event of more than ordinary importance. Crowds of people assembled at all the points of the route from Buckingham Palace to the Palace Yard, and long before the usual time for opening Parliament every available spot in Parliament Street, Whitehall, the Horse Guards and along the Mall was occupied ; numbers of ladies crowded the windows, and platforms alon the route were filled. On no former occasion was there so monstrous an asseniblage or so prevailing a sentiment of loj'al curiosity. At two o'clock Her Majest}' left Buckingham Palace amidst the cheers of thousands of spectators who lined the Mall. In the state carriage, which was drawn by eight splendid cream- colored Hanoverian horses, were the Queen and Prince Consort, Her Grace the Duchess of Sutherland, and the Duke of Wel- lington. The Marquis of Breadalbane, Lord Chamberlain, and Earl Spencer, Master of the Horse, occupied the carriage which preceded that of Her Majesty. The other carriages forming the cortege contained the other high officers of the Queen's Household. Besides the Yeomen of the Guard, the escort con- sisted of two troops of the 1st Regiment of Life Guards and a troop of the Royal Horse Guards Blue, and the magnificent mm 132 Toronto " Called Back!' appearance of this fine body of soldiers evidently sent a thrill of pride through the bosoms of all that beheld them. The pro- cession passed through the dense rows of spectators, who, from time to time, burst forth into cordial cheering, which was graciously acknowledged by Her Majesty and tlie Prince Consort. At the Horse Guards and through Whitehall, but more especially in Palace Yard, the crowd was immense. Here, along the front of the Palace, and along Parliament Street, was the line of peeress's carriages, which, in itself, was a dazzling sight. The most beautiful women in the world in full dress, ablaze with coronets of diamonds and jewels, all waiting the arrival of Her Majesty, was indeed a brilliant spectacle. Alto- gether it was a scene which, in the essential features, it would be impossible to witness outside of England, Royal and Imperial pageants abroad might outstrip the scene in military pomp and magnificence, but where shall we seek for that warmth of loyalty, that devoted reverence and affection for the monarch, that unaffected interest in the per- sonal welfare of the sovereign, which Queen Victoria's subjects display ; and on the other hand, where look for the perfect con- fidence with which our Queen's womanly virtues and purity of private character, no less than her irreproachable conduct as the occupant of the throne, enable her at all times to meet her admiring people ? Her Majesty's arrival at the Victoria Tower was announced by the discharge of cannon from the Horse Guards' Parade, and a flourish of trumpets by the Royal Trumpeters on splendidly caparisoned steeds, themselves stiff in scarlet and gold, as also were the Royal coachmen and the grooms who walked at the head of each horse in the Royal carriage. The Queen was received by the officers of the House of Peers, and entered the House led by Prince Albert and preceded by Lord Viscount Harding bearing the Sword of State, the Marquis of Winchester bearing the Cap of Maintenance, and the Marquis of Lansdowne carrying the Crown. A guard of honor, com- posed of a body of the Life Guards, dismounted, lined the I- From 184J to i8§y. ^Z?> entrance to the House of Lords, and a company of the Scots Fusiliers Guards was drawn up in front of the Tower. After the delivery of the Speech the Queen descended from the Throne, and left the House in the same order which had been observed on Her Majesty's entry. . The Great Peace Rejoicings in London. In April, 1856, peace was concluded, and was announced in London by the firing of guns in St. James' Park, and from the Tower, and the Lord Mayor read the despatch announcing the fact at the Royal Exchange. A day was appointed for great peace rejoicings, and a general illumination, with a display of fireworks on a scale of magni- ficence never before attempted. Being in London that day I first visited the Crystal Palace, when the great water- works were first opened, and played their grand part in the programme. The crowds were immense, and trains every five minutes for London were not sufficient to accommodate the tens of thousands who were rushing back to be in time for the grand display. Some desperate efforts were made to secure even standing room on the trains. My brother-in-law, who accompanied me, having got into the same carriage, was suddenly pushed out in the scramble, and nothing more was seen of him till the next morning. THE FlUEWOllKS IN GREEN PARK. As the hour approached for the introductory discharge of fireworks, thousands entered the Park by the six new entrances which had been made to prevent accident. Deepening and thickening with wonderful rapidity, the huge mass extended itself on the soft and verdant carpet, and the large spaces in front of Buckingham Palace, the Mall and Constitution Hill, were crowded with spectators. A few minutes before the com- mencement of the fireworks, the Queen, Prince Albert, and the members of the Royal Family, Prince William of Prussia, and I <6i u j ' ^ f-4-'^^ 134 Toronto ''Called Back." other persons of rank, took their seats in the pavilion erected at the north end of Buckingham Palace, facing the Park. Her Majesty was received with loud demonstrations of loyalty and enthusiasm. The Royal party had an admirable view of the fireworks, and seemed to participate in the admiration which they excited. To describe the scene would require a large amount of time and space. For upwards of an hour and a half the air was luminous with the blaze of sun-stars and comets, the flight of shells, rockets, and Roman candles, descent of meteors, parachutes, and showers of pearls, silver and golden rain, shining serpents, and fire-flies, chasing each other through a sea of light resting on a bed of upturned human faces. The programme consisted of twenty-four divisions, and was not exhausted till eleven o'clock. It comprised everything new, curious or beautiful in pyrotechny. ■ Some of the fixed pieces were remarkably elegant. The stars, hoops and crosses elicited bursts of delight ; cascades, fountains, and trees were represented with wonderful exactness, and one of the most beautiful devices was the formation in the air of sheaves of golden corn. But the great triumph of art was the concluding exhibition. It consisted of four fixed pieces, all of the most elaborate construction, with the words " God Save the Queen," illuminated in the centre. At the same time there was a grand discharge of Roman candles, batteries of pearls, streamers, and toarbillions, and rockets in red, blue, green and yellow. The effect was magnificent, almost magical, and when in addition to the above no fewer than ten thousand rockets were shot in the air, the scene was one which can only be witnessed once in a lifetime. The display in Hyde Park, Primrose Hill, and Victoria Park were, though all different in design, equally magnificent. "' 1 < ■■:--'. ^ >v Having seen all four exhibitions, or the larger portion of each, we wended our way through the millions of people who crowded the streets, amid the blaze of illuminations which made it as bright as day, all along Pall Mall, Charing Cross, The Strand, Fleet Street, to Cheapside, arriving at our hotel between two and three o'clock in the morning. \\ '♦ « ■ From 1847 to iS^y. 135 i if Great Naval Review at Portsmouth. iV;;., ■ -••■!■ In ISoG there were ample opportunities for a buyer in Europe to combine business with pleasure in the way of sight-seeing. Having been in London at the opening of Parliament by the Queen, and at the peace rejoicings with fireworks and illumina- tions, a second journey was made, taking in the great Naval Review at Portsmouth. Leaving Liverpool by the Great Western Railway through Chester, I arrived at Portsmouth the day before the memorable event took place. i . i? Never, at any period of our history, could we boast of a fleet as powerful in numbers and metal as that which floated at Spithead in April 1856. Such a mighty gathering of first- rates and gun-boats may not again be witnessed on these waters. The people who, in 1854-5, met to cheer our gallant sailors to their duty, again assembled to cheer them from its performance. In the same proportion as the fleet of 1856 exceeded that of Lord Howe in 1791, so the number of spectators exceeded that of sixty-five years ago. It was then considered a splendid effort to bring together a single line of ships extending for five miles ; here we had a double line for a much longer distance, whilst hundreds of gun-boats, floating batteries, and mortar vessels, crowded the outer spaces off Ryde and Ports- mouth. .•'' '■■-■ ■■•:>\'-: y'i' '■ '■■'^- }. ■'•■r'^-'.- ■>■. ^' -■:' ■ .'■;"";■• On Saturday the fleet anchored, a stately line, with the Duke of Wellington at its head, bearing the Admiral's ensign. The Rodney and London had already taken up their position near the Nab as pivot ships round which the fleet was to sail. In the open spaces between the two divisions the water was sprinkled with boats carrying spectators, steamers filled with visitors, steering like pigmies through their colossal sisters; gun- boats puffing like locomotive engines ; while in a mass off Ryde lay a host of craft forming clumps with their masts, relieved in yellow on the houses and trees of the town. kv . At no great distance off Southsea Castle lay the heavy forms of the floating batteries, rising and falling on the swell like illi • i 1 l\ 1 J ijly 136 Toronto " Called Back.'' whales, and stretching from their vicinity far away past Monck- ton towards Browndown, where lay the heavy, round hulls of the mortar vessels in the grim gr r rest that seemed to have its attractions. The sun shone brightly on the white walls of Southsea Castle, with its tower soaring away above the embankments, bristling with guns, and on the varied crowd that covered the Esplanade, The entrance to the harbor was thronged with boats, some of which, tilled with merry bearded faces, were carrying liberty men from the ships of war to the shore. Others were crowded to the thwarts with curious spectators, anxious to gain a view from the water. Passenger steamers, gun-boats, and tenders to the fleet were perpetually passing in and out of harbor, bewildering the eye by their rapidity of motion and (juick successions. Stream- ing down the streets of the town, visitors from London antl elsewhere, curiously viewing the great guns in the embrasures, and peering into their muzzles, did not wait long, but rushing to the pier, invaded the steamers, which left the quajs swaying to and fro in an alarming manner. It is almost needless to si.Ny that the usual accommodation to travellers at hotels had long been pre-engaged and taken. Those who trusted to chance to find a bed were woefully disap- pointed in the endeavor to find a resting place. The streets were filled with people who seemed t6tally at a los3 how to spend the night. Tired groups might be seen wandering from street to street, making fruitless attempts at admittance at various houses, where the price seemed too exorbitant to any but millionaires. While wandering about the streets in this way the writer had ofi*ers of beds at a guinea apiece, or to be rowed over to the. Isle of Wight for the same price, but the appearance of our soliciting friends not bespeak- ing extra accoinuiodation, we declined their kind ofit'er, and the night being fine, with the exception of a rest on a chair at an hotel, was spent in promenading the city. The weather was most suitable, and never did a more delight- ful day shine upon the millions of spectators congregated at the From 184'] to i8^y. '37 various points, commanding a view of the fleet and its evolu- tions. And splendid was the sij^ht it was destined to shine upon, for never was there a more magnificent and gorgeous spectacle in ancient or modern times. The " Great Cleopatra," could she have risen from her sar- cophagus and been witness to it, would have envied our Island Queen her rule of a nation which can boast possession of the greatest and most splendid armament that ever floated, of which it might well be said : '* Britannia needs no bulwarks, No towers along the steep ; Her course is o'er the ocean wave, Her home is on the deep. " . ' Although for days before the railways had been bringing thousands of visitors from all parts of the kingdom, and steamers from every port on the southern coast, teeming with human freight, had been day by day discharging their living cargoes, yet it was on the morning of the Review that the town presented the most extraordinary appearance. From an early hour, and up to midday, thousands of excur- sionists were seen issuing from the various railway depots and wending their way in one continued stream toward the shore to secure a good position to witness the sight. Southsea common was literally teeming with human beings. From the ramparts and along the Esplanade to beyond the Castle, was one dense living mass. An immense grand stand was erected on the Esplanade for the accommodation of those who preferred to witness the Review from the land. The admission to the stand was ten shillings, a moderate demand compared with prices required for accommodation on board the steamers. But it was not only upon the k-nd that the scene was interesting, nor was the interest on the waters confined exclusively to the Royal Fleet. There was another fleet important in itself, which contributed greatly to the splendor of the scene. Our mercantile steamers are of a class that astonish and com- mand the admiration of all who behold them. Several of these 10 Ai\ . ■ !■ i38 Toronto " Called Back." were present, belonging to the Oriental anfl Peninsular Naviga- tion Company, and the Atniio, the largest paddle-wheel steamer in the world, La Plata, Trent and Tai), belonging to the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, were all thronged with visitors. The Directors of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company and their friends were on board the Atrato. The steamers of the South-Eastern Company, from Folkestone, and those belong- ing to the South- Western Company were also present, together with many others from various ports, all swaying with pas- sengers. The French steamer L'Imperatrice, from Calais, with a numer- ous company of ladies and gentlemen on board, was among the list. She had a splendid brass band, which, in passing the Admiral's yacht, struck up " Rule Britannia " — a- graceful com- pliment. Nearly all the large steamers carried the French flag at the fore, in compliment to our gallant allies. On the arrival of Her Majesty she was at once conveyed by her state barge on board the Royal yacht, accompanied by Prince Albert and the other members of the Royal party and suite. The Victory and the other ships in the harbor manned yards and fired a salute as soon as the Rjyal Standard was seen flying at the masthead. Her Majesty was accompanied on board by the Lords of the Admiralty. The yacht then moved rapidly out of the harbor, when the forts immediately saluted. The Queen's Arrival. Never had monarch a greater opportunity of witnessing a people's loyalty and devotion than our august and beloved Queen had on the occasion of her reviewing her mighty and magnificent fleet on that day. The moment of Her Majesty's appearance in the port was a signal for that enthusiasm which is always displayed whenever she is graciously pleased to appear among her subjects. Sinmltaneous cheers burst from tens of thousands of loyal hearts, showing the hearty welcome of the " Sea Queen " by her delighted people. The review of such a fleet as the world never before beheld, equipped with From 1847 tc iS^y. 139 an efficiency which all the newest appliances of art and science had given to each of these powerful engines of war which com- posed it, and manned by seamen whose services our vast com- mercial wealth enabled us to command without limit, was most gratifying to all. who witnessed it. This gorgeous and truly national pageant was a fitting spectacle in celebration of peace, and one which illustrated the greatness of our triumph, the immensity of our resources, and the solid basis of our strength. The fleet as it appeared at anchor on the morning of the review, extending in a line east and west from pivot ship to pivot ship, covered a space of more than twelve miles, and com- prised line-of-battle ships, frigates, corvettes, sloops, floating batteries, mortar ships, mortar boats, and gun-boats, and up- wards of two hundred and forty sail, of which not more than ten were without steam power. There never had been a time when the British Navy was more efticient than it was at that time. The Queen was most enthusiastically cheered by the assem- bled thousands on the shore as the yacht pursued her way toward the Spit buoy, on rounding which the whole of the fleet manned their yards and commenced a royal salute. The scene was most imposing at this point. The yacht then proceeded rapidly towards the westward, followed by a large fleet of steamers which were desirous of keeping pace with her, but which her .superior speed rendered a matter of impossibility. As .she passed along the line each of the men-of-war manned their rigging and cheered Her Majesty. The French corvette of war La Chavalor manned yards and joined in the cheer of welcome. Then followed the sham- fight, and after the si.^nul was made to cease firing the Royal yacht proceeded to the harbor under the salute of the fleet. Southsea Beach, extending for many miles, afforded a splendid opportunity for the immense multitude, numbering fully half a million, to witness the whole spectacle. As the Royal yacht Victoria and Albert steamed close to the shore, the writer had a distinct view of the Queen and Prince Albert sitting on the deck. I Ml m 1 kjLAh ' li ■ h '■r in 140 Toronto " Called Back. The following is the list of the fleet with their order of sailing STARHOARD DIVISION. VICK-AUHIKAL 8IB C). 8KTMOUK, COMMANliSK-IN-UHIKP. Name. (tUll*. Royal (Jeorge 102 Nile 91 Conqueror 100 Cresey HO CoBSar 01 Algiers 00 Sanspariel 70 Centurion 80 Ajax 70 Hawke 60 Hastings (iO Impcrieuse 51 Amphion 34 Pylailes 20 Crew. 920 850 930 750 850 850 626 750 000 (iOO (iOO 530 342 260 Navu. Gun*. Cossack . Esk .... Falcon . . Conflict . . Harier . . Enrol as. . Seahorse Vulture. . Magicienne 16 Samson , Vesuvius Haselisk (Jorgon Firefly 0«w. 20 200 21 240 16 160 8 165 17 160 12 200 12 200 6 200 16 220 6 200 6 160 6 160 6 160 5 100 PORT DIVISION. REAR-AUMIRAL SIR R. OUNDAS. Duke of Wellington. Orion James Watt Majestic Exmouth Colossus 131 01 91 80 90 80 1100 850 850 750 860 750 Brunswick Edinburgh 60 Hogue 60 Bleinlieim Russell EuryaluB 61 REAR-ADMIRAL R. L. BATNES. Arrogant 41 Pearl , Tartar ... Archer . . . Desperate . Cruiser . . . Rattler . . . Forth .,.*. Horatio . . . 20 20 14 8 17 11 12 8 450 260 250 175 165 160 130 200 200 Retribution Centaur . . . Dragon .... Bulldog.... Geyser .... Merlin .... Hecia Hydra .... 80 780 60 800 60 600 60 600 60 600 61 630 * 28 300 6 200 6 200 6 160 6 160 6 110 6 135 6 135 FLOATING BATTERIES. Meteor 14 200 Thunder 14 200 Glattou 14 200 Trusty 14 200 SAILING SHIPS. London 90 830 Rodney 90 820 Belleisle 244 Frow 184-] to 1857. 141 GU IBOAT FLOTILLA. Centre, Rkd— Algiers, 01 , Flying Fish, (J ; Kingdovc, 6 ; Hiter, 4 ; Starling, 4 ; Snapper, 4 ; IJustiird, 4 ; iJove, 4 ; Loveret, 4 ; Fervent, 4 ; liuaver, 4 ; OposHuin, 4 ; Firm, 4 ; lilu/er, 4 ; Brazen, 4 ; Uuinhow, 4 ; Hedbrcust, 4 ; Httvoe, 4 ; I'ioneer, H ; Lapwing, 6 ; Swinger, 4 ; Skylark, 4 ; I'inclier, 4 ; Charger, 4; Grasshopper, 4 ; Mackerel, \ ; torcstor, 4 ; Whiting, 4. Van, Whitk -Colossus, HI ; Victor, (J ; I'eter, 4; Thistle, 4; Sandfly, 4; I'lover, 4 ; Carnation, 4 ; Insolvent, 4 ; Mayflower, 4 ; Spanker, 4 ; Traveller, 4 ; Louisa, 4 ; Krno, 4 ; Mastiff, 4 ; Lively, 4 ; Ruby, 4 ; Tickler, 4 ; Seagull, 4; Bulldog, 4; Hasty, 4; Herring, 4; (Jriper, 4; Thresher, 4; Julia, 4; Sepoy, 4; Manly, 4 ; Mistletoe, 4 ; Magnet, 4. Rkah, Bluk— Brunswick, 81 ; Intrepid, 6 ; Mohawk, 6 ; Stork, 4 ; Dapper, 4 ; Cileaner, 4 ; Magpie, 4 ; Redwing, 4 ; Badger, 4 ; Skipjack, 4 ; Forward, 4; Bimterer, 4; Haughty, 4 ; Assurance, (> ; I'rocris, 4; (Josliawk, 4; Crappler, 4 ; Hyena, 4 ; Violet, 4 ; Weasel, 4 ; Jackdaw, 4 ; Hind, 4 ; Lark, 4 ; Snap, 4 ; Sheldrake, 4 ; Cockchafer, 4 ; Stanch, 4 ; Charon, 4. LioHT, Stkipku— Sanspareil, 71 ; Surprise,*); Cheerful, 2 ; Daisy, 2 ; Pert, 2; Drake, 2 ; Angler, 2 ; I'et, 2 ; Rambler, 2 ; Wanderer, C ; Chub, 2 ; Onyx, 2; Janus, 2 ; Ant, 2; Nettle, 2 ; Decoy, 2 ; I'artridge, 4 ; Coquette, 6 ; Beacon, 4 ; Brave, 4 ; Bullfinch, 4 ; Raven, 4 ; Hardy, 4 ; Tilbury, 4 ; Sparrowhawk. 4 ; Goldfinch, 4 ; Delight, 4 ; Bouncer, 4 ; Nightingale, 4. This list of vessels, taken from the programme of the day, will j^ive a jEfood idea of the strength of the British Navy, especially when it is borne in mind that these ships were ordered only from convenient naval stations, and many more were scattered all over the world on every sea. Since that time a new fleet, comprising the most magnificent specimens of naval architecture, has been built, and England's claim to the supremacy of the sea cannot be denied, and never since " flrst, at heaven's command, she rose from out the azure main," did Britain more triumphantly "rule the waves," than at the present time. The most interesting feature in the day's movement was that reserved for the night, as an Emeralder might say, and was a thorough novelty to all who witnessed it. The illumination was effected by .simultaneously lighting up the yards and port- . holes with blue lights. At nine o'clock gun-fire, the whole fleet at anchor burst into light as if by magic. The jets one above another, main topmast- high aloft, and the port of each opening at once, showing a vivid glare between decks, caused an unusual roar of cheering from the shore, which was echoed and given back by the boats a, uii»i,i^pawiiiM{ 142 Toronto " Called Back."' and the legion afloat. This, in the stillness of the calm nifjht, had an effect as imposing as it was rare. Cheer upon cheer applauded the spectacle. From nine till ten, rockets were sent \ip thickly from the .ships and rained a golden shower upon the " floating capital." The Close of the First Decade. After making his purchases for the Fall trade of 1856 the writer came out to Toronto and found everything apparently prosperous. The importations for the year exceeded those of any previous year, reaching a point equal to 1866, ten years later. Sales were large and payments good, and none seemed to anticipate hard times. The progress of Toronto during the ten years ending in 1856 was accelerated by the opening of railways, east, west and north, and by that time its population was 45,000, showing an increase of 28,000 in ten years ; the number of its houses was 7,476 ; the assessment of property had increased from S6l\,000 to $515,000, and the imports from $750,000 to $6,670,500. Toronto had been reaping the first fruits of her connections through the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways, and the close of this, the first decade, contained in this sketch, found Toronto improved almost beyond reognition to those who had not seen it during that time. The wide' streets, con- taining splendid shops, and the number of handsome churches, all conspired to impress a visitor with the growing character of the place. Dr. Mackay writes of it at this time as " a thing of yesterday, a mushroom, compared with the antiquity of Montreal and Quebec, though rivalling the one and exceeding the other in trade and population. It is built on the American plan of straight lines, preferring the chess board to the maze, and the regularity of art to the picturesque irregularity of nature. The streets are long and straight. There is a Yankee look about the whole place which it is impossible to mistake, a pushing, thriving, business-like, smart appearance in the people and the streets, in the stores, and in the bank.s and churches. ''"'^N'i From 184'] to iS^y. 143 "Looked upon from any part of itself, Toronto does not greatly impress the imagination, Imt seen from the deck of a steamer, it has all the air of wealth and majesty that belongs to a great city. Its numerous churches, stores, and public buildings, its wharves, factories, and tall chimneys, mark it for what it is, a thriving place." During this decade the following buildings had been erected : The General Hospital, Normal and Model Schools, St. James' and St. Michael's Cathedrals, Knox Church, St. Lawrence Build- ilii ^:»''KmV, ic FORMER POST OFFICE (PRESENT OFFICE OF KECEIVER-iiENERAL). ings, Nordheimer's Buildings on Toronto Street, the Exchange, Free Library Building, Pest Office, City Schools, the Univer.sitj'', several Banks, and the Rossin Hou.se Hotel. Toronto was now the head(}uarters of the Royal Canadian Rifles. The science of photography had lately been discovered, and artists styled photographers and ambrotypists began to multiply. * i I "1 m^'yv,r,mmm i'tmm'iim . 1 144 Toronto " Called Back." Manufactures had not shown much progress, and consisted chiefly of vvo^d-workinpr and planing mills, boots, shoes, safes, soap, spices, paper, and blank books. From the time of the introduction of the bonding system through the United States, British goods to Boston generally came to Toronto via Ogdensburg, and from New York via Lewiston, until the opening of the Suspension Bridge, and pas- sengers sometimes had difficulty in making connections in winter. In the winter of 1856-7 the writer had secured his passage to Liverpool by Ounard steamer from Boston, and started in good time to Prescott, intending to cross to Ogdensburg to connect with train for Boston. On arriving at Prescott a vio- lent snow stoim prevailed, and the captain of the steam ferry refused to cress. On telegraphing across to our agents, Messrs. Stark, Hill &; Co., Mr. Stark, who had been a sea captain, immediatelv came across in a small row boat and offered to row me acros.s. As the storm grew worse, while thanking the ca])tairi for his kindness and courage, I declined to risk both our lives when the steamer would not risk the crossing, and telegraphed to Messrs. Hill, Sears & Co., of Boston, to write to my family in England the cause of my detention. Not wishing to return to Toronto, I went on to New York and waited for the next Cunard steamer from that port TORONTO FROM 185T TO 186T. Financial Crisis in 1857. Returning to make the spring purchases in Europe, and back to Toronto in February, 1857, there were inclications ol:' an im- pending change. The stoppage for the time of railway operations and the circulation of money was soon felt all over the country, and the testing time of tne 4th of March was the crisis, when pay- ments at the banks were so bad as to cause a number of failures. In a short time the panic ensued with full force, and the whole picture suddenly changed. Railway enterprise suddenly came to an end ; some of the largest houses were compelled to sus- pend payment. Old established houses smashed like glass bottles, and mercantile credit collapsed. To show, however, that th'« state of affairs was not confined to Canada, one fact may b ated. During this year the deficiency in remittan !S from the United States to England amounted I to nearly fifty millions sterling, the great bulk of which was Mver paid. So depres d was trade in Toronto that hundreds of persons in the city vho had heretofore enjoyed all the ordinary comforts of life, for the first time felt the sharp pinch of poverty. There was much sufiering and want amongst the laboring classes, with a corresponding amount of drunkenness and crime. Tl>ere is good rea.son to believe that several pensons died of sheer starvation. For the first time in her history her streets swarmed with mendicants. . i 'V 146 Toronto ''Called Back^ The British Colonist of August 4th says : " Pass when you will, you are beset with some sturdy applicant for alms. They dodge you round corners, follow you into shops, they are to be found at the church steps, and at the door of the theatre. They infest the entrance to every bank. They crouch in the lobby of the post office, assail you on everj?^ street, knock at your private residence, walk into your place of business, and beard you with a pertinacity that takes no denial. . " In this, our good city of Toronto, begging has assumed the dignity of a craft. Whole families sall^'^ forth and have their appointed round. Children are taught to dissemble, to tell a lying tale of misery and woe, and beg or steal as occasion offers." This picture is far from attractive. The advent of brighter days, however, brought in a very perceptible change, and when trade assumed its normal condition, our streets ceased to be suggestive of poverty and mendicancy ; but it was not till 1859 that business resumed its healthy appearance. The writer re- turned to Europe in May 1857. The Desjardins Canal Accident. ])uring the writer's stay in Toronto at this time the most terrible accident which had happened since the opening of the railroads, occurred at seven o'clock of the evening of the 12th March, 1857, at the bridge over the Desjardins Canal, a mile east of Hamilton. The train from Toronto, consisting of a locomotive, tender, baggage car, and two passenger coaches, the latter containing about ninety-three persons, left about five p.m. When this train reached the junction just above Hamilton, it was ascertained that the train from Detroit had not gone down to Hamilton, as it was entitled to do before the Toronto train. After waiting twenty minutes the Toronto train came on. Just before reaching the bridge over the Desjar- 'dins Canal, the train left the track by the misplacement of a switch or some other cause, and ran upon the bridge. The force of the train knocked the bridge down, and engine, cars and all plunged into the canal thirty or forty feet below. From iSsy to i86y. H7 The catastrophe was sudden and awful, and the work of death was instantaneous and complete. The locomotive and tender were entirely submerged, and the baggage car partially so. The forward passenger coach turned bottom upwards, and sank so deep that the floor was but a few inches above the water. The rear passenger coach rested upon one end and was about half submerged. Most of the passengers in the rear of this coach escaped ; the remainder were drowned. The writer had a description of the scene inside this car, from one who escaped, by the wood-work being cut through with axes within a few inches of his head, and the scene described was terrible in the extreme. Every person in the first car perished except four — two men and two children. One of the children was thrown out of the window on to the ice ; the other was dragged out of a window, having been up to its neck in water for fifteen minutes. They were brother and sister ; their father, mother and uncle perished, Among those who were killed were Samuel Zimmerman, the great Railway King of Canada, and Captain Sutherland, owner of the well-known iron steamer Magnet, with other prominent men, both American and Canadian. Mr. Hugh McSloy, of St. Catharines, having come over in response to a circular to see the spring opening of new goods, had made some purchases, and bid the writer good-bye, stating he would soon be back to complete them. At about 7.30 a telegram came from his brother to know whether he had left by that train, when a reply was sent accordingly. He was amongst the victims of the terrible tragedy. British capital to the amount of $450,000,000 was invested in the United States at this time. The whole gold coinage of the United States from 1793 to 1st January, 185G, was only S39G,H9o,574 ; the silver coinage the same period was $100,729,602, and copper $1,572,206 ; the three together amounting to $498,197,383. All the gold would not suffice to pay back the capitalists and more than half of the silver would be required for the purpose. ;i.il.- 148 Toronto " Called Back" Art Treasures Exhibition in Manchester. " A thing of beauty is a joy forever." The history of painting and its close identity, from the earliest periods, with the interests of religion and morality, and the rapidity with which the art is increasing its influence upon current opinion and thought, would render it nothing less than a scandal if nineteenth century religionists and moralists were indifferent to its tendencies and claims. That will indeed be an evil day in which the range of moral sympathy is not wide enough to comprehend a love of all the pure and noble forms of art. It is the duty of religion to cherish every delicate art which tends to embellish and reform human life and character. Piety is never more unwise than when she expels beauty from her tents, and by that act of excommunication drives her fairest sister into alienation and profanity. Only a shallow observer of human society will lightly esti- mate the painter's power on the domains of human morals. Under what an obligation are we placed by some of the giant names of historic art — Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Guido, Bassano, Raphael, in his cartoons and pictures of the Divine Incarnation; Rembrandt, in his setting forth of Christ as the poor man's Saviour and friend, habited in coarse garments, concerting alter- nately with angels and men of low estate ; and an amiable Caracci, in his overwhelming picture of " The Three Maries." It is not possible to conceive a scoffing Michael Angelo, or a flippant Raphael. What masculine blows at drunkenness, debauchery, coxcombery and cruelty were dealt out upon canvas by Wm. Hogarth, long before philanthropy and temper- ance reform had become the rajre. English art has touched with subtle skill a wide range of religious emotions, — the form of a pure and beautiful woman transferred to canvas, the picture of a good man's face, the vision of a godly mother, busy in the hallowed sphere' of home, are sarely powerful side-lights upon the question of religion in daily life. From iS^j to i86y. 149 Never was a blow more fearlessly and directly dealt at the ruinous vice of gambling than was given by Mr. W. P. Frith R.A., when he portrayed on canvas in five divisions, the " Road to Ruin." Every picture that denounces evil, that attracts to good, that kindles sympathy with pure and innocent pleasure, that awakens in us higher and holier affections, and makes us more kind to the brotherhood of men is, in a broad and healthy sense, moral and religious art. In the entire history of the fine arts, there never occurred such a wonderful display as that which took place in Man- chester in the year 1857. Amidst the throes of a commercial panic, which shook the world to its centre, when banks, public companies and mercantile establishments were tumbling down, bringing ruin and destruction in their fall, the merchant princes of Manchester undertook to collect from the private galleries of Great Britain, for the purpose of exhibition, the priceless gems of art, hitherto only seen by a select few, and to accomplish this a palace was erected and all expenses guaranteed by these gentlemen. On the 5th of May, " I declare this Exhibition opened," were the words which, uttered by Prince Albert, gave to Man- chester, the first city in the Empire in regard to its manufac- tures and the second in respect to its population, an Exhibition of its own, and differing in some respects from those held in Lon- don, Cork, Dublin, New York, and Paris, where industrial and art gatherings had been held. The treasures of art alone con- stituted this wonderful exhibition, such as the world had never beheld. The birth of Princess Beatrice, on the 14th of April, caused the postponement of Her Majesty's visit till the beginning of July. Her Majesty was entertained during her visit at the man.sion of the Earl of EUesmere, Worsley Hall. It so happened, the day of the Queen's visit to the Exhibition, the writer was removing from among the smoky chimneys of the celebrated glass and chemical works, and the furnaces of the copper and silver smelting works, of St. Helens, to the heart of w ^5o Toronto " Called Back.'' I ' the cotton manufacturing district of Manchester, and, anxious to see the pageant, arranged by a study of " Bradshaw " to strike the spot where the procession would pass at a certain time ; and with the Queen's well-known punctuality, not a minute was lost. The sight was very fine. For seven miles, with crowds ten deep on the pavements, through which she had to pass before she reached the Art Treas- ures Exhibition, which the taste and wealth of Manchester had been the means of bringing together, every window was filled with human beings anxious to see Her Majesty. The whole city seemed to have ceased from the untiring, energetic labors of its manufactures, and appeared with one consent engaged in the more pleasing occupation of welcoming the Queen. Gigantic mills, with their enormous extent of bare walls, assumed a gay and festive appearance. Forests of flag- staffs grew as if by magic out of the factory roofs, while strings of banners between opposite windows bore devices of welcome. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Pi-ince Consort, the Prince of Wales, the Princess lloyal. Prince Alfred, the Princess Alice and Prince Frederick William of Prussia, left Worsley Hall in the following order : First carriage, containing Mr. Gibbs, tutor to the Prince of Wales and Lieut. Cowell, tutor to Prince Alfred ; second carriage, the Hon. 0. B. Phipps, C.B., and the two equerries-in-waiting ; third carriage, tlje Lord Cham- berlain (the Marquis of Brcadalbane), Sir George Grey, Bart, Baron Moltke, in attendance on Prince Frederick William of Prussia ; fourth carriage, the Marchioness of Elj , lady-in-waiting to Her Majesty the Queen. Reception in the Building. As the audience rose and Halle, supported by Miss Novello and Sims Reeves, looking and feeling musical, began to attune their ears and voices for the Coronation Anthem — in glancing round we observed the following noteworthy people at the foot of the dais erected for the Queen : The Prince Consort, Lord and Lady Palmerston, Lord and Lady Stanhope, Lord Burling- From 1857 to i86j. 15' ton, Lord Wilton, Lord Ward, Mr. Granville Harcourt, M.P., and Frances, Countess of Waldegrave, Mr. Ex-Chancellor Glad- stone and Mrs, Gladstone, Lord Talbot De Malahide, Me.ssrs. Peto and Paxton, Sir Roderick Murchison, Williams of Kars, etc., etc. The Queen was accompanied by the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal and her intended. Prince Frederick William of Prussia ; Princess Alice and Prince Alfred, Sir George Grey, Secretary of State ; the Lord Chamberlain, Marquis of Breadalbane; the Mistress of the Robes, Duchess of Sutherland, and the Hon. Eleanor Sutherland, daughter of Lord Stanley of Alderley. Her Majesty then knighted Mr. James Watts, merchant of Portland Street, and at the time Mayor of Manchester. This ceremony was performed by the Queen with the Peninsular and Aliwal sword of Sir Harry Smith, with two strokes given with wonderful grace — James Watts rising into Sir James, (here Lady Watts blushed, smiled and looked down). Sir Harry, retaking his sword, kis.sed the hilt recently touched by the fair hand of Her Majesty. This done, Her Majesty commenced her walk through the Exhibition. The route was, of course, chronological, beginning with Van Evck, and ending with Leighton and Millais. It was noticed that she lingered longer over the early Ger- man School than any other part of the Exhibition. As for the Royal children, it was easy to see, as the policemen observed, that Mul ready's " Boy having his hair cut," and Webster's " Slide " were more after the children's heart than the best Raphael or the finest Mabrise. Amongst modern paintings, the greatest crowd seemed to collect around the " Death of Chatterton," where several police- men were stationed to keep back the crowd. The Royal party then, retracing their steps, studied the series of British portraits, also chronologically arranged, forming a perfect English history; afterwards the Enamels, Venetian Glass, Metal Work and Ivories. Her Majesty before leaving the building partook of a hand- Hi . * 152 Toronto " Called Back. some luncheon served by Mr. Donald, and is said to have praised most highly a particular mixture, which, on Her Majesty enquiring what it was, Mr. Donald immediately called " Donald's Royal Art Treasures Nectar, patronized by Royalty." Her Majesty smiled at the "patronized" and left the building amid enthusiastic cheers, and blushes from Mr. Donald such as Scotchmen alone can blush. " To wake the soul by tender strokes of art." The works of art contained in the Exhibition were divided into the following sections : 1. Paintings by Ancient Masters ; 2. Paintings by Modern Masters ; 3. British Portrait Gallery ; 4. Collection of Historical Miniatures ; 5. Museum of Orna- mental Art ; 6. Sculpture ; 7. Water Color Drawings ; 8. Original Drawings and Sketches by the Old Masters ; 9. En- gravings ; 10. Photographs. The number of paintings by ancient masters, commencing with Cinmbue in 1240, and ending with Jean Baptiste Greuze in 1805, including the Marq. of Hertford's contribution of forty-four, was 1,123. The number of what were classed as modern masters, commencing with Hogarth in 1740, up to 1857, was 689. The number of portraits, 386 ; of water colors, 969 ; works of sculpture, including a few bronze, 160. The collection comprised works by every great artist, ancient and modern, and of every school of art. The whole of these works of art were insured for five millions sterling, much below their real value. The number of visitors was 2,500,000. Royal Mail Cunard Steamer "Persia." The voyage to New York by the Cunard steamer Persia in the winter of 1857-8 was unusually stormy, as may be judged from the report of the ship's "log" published in New York papers on our arrival. The statement of having encountered " tre- mendous hurricanes," although rarely reported, was no exaggera- tion. For several days we " lay to," making about two knots an hour — just enough to keep the engines in motion. One of From iS^y to i86y. 153 tho immense paddle-boxes, forty feet in diameter, was carried away with one sea, and other damage done. The voyage lasted over sixteen days, nearly double her usual time. Lord and Lady Napier and suite were passengers, and his lordship suffered greatly from sea-sickness, while her ladyship, whose cabin was neai'ly opposite that of the writer, scarcely ever missed her morning salt water bath, and was present at almost every meal at the table in the saloon. As this magnificent ship was then the finest afloat, and was the last of the paddle steamers, except the Scotia, a notice of her may not be out of place. This leviathan vessel, then the largest steamship in the world, left Liverpool on the 2(ith June, 185G, commanded by Captain Judkins, the Commodore of the Cunard Mail Packets, on her first voyage across the Atlantic. This Company having the exclusive contract for carrying the mails, the position of Commander of one of these steamers was at that time one of great importance, and the rank equal to a commander in the Royal Navy. As the whole Continent was on the qui vive for the arrival of these steamers at Boston or New York, when the .signals went up by firing guns by day or rockets at night, a whole fieet of steamers and boats of every size were seen racing for the great object. Then the .scramble up the ladders, the rush for the latest papers and despatches, and the rush back to the city of news reporters for the daily papers, and the competition to publish the latest news, was a lively scene. The Captain, in full naval uniform, giving orders through his silver trumpet, before the days of electric bells, as he stood on the bridge v:as the observed of all observers. If we are about to start, I see him on his elevated position, and it is interesting to notice how quickly and completely the inward thought and purpose alters the outward man. He gives a quick glance to every part of the ship. He casts his eye over the multitude coming on board, among whom is the Pilnglish Ambassador and suite. He sees the husbands and wives, mothers and children, entrusted to his care, the valuable cargo, 11 1 i 154 Toronto " Called Back" the carefully coniite«i mail baij.s, all pouring in, and his form as he gives orders for our departure seems to grow more erect and firm. The muscles of his face swell, his eyes glow with a new fire, and his whole person expands with the proud consciousness of his importance and responsihility. In these days of cahlegrams, the importance of a Commander is chiefly dependent on tho shortness of the passage made by Ids ship, as is described on the arrival of the Etruria at New York, on having made the fastest passage on record. " The steam was puffing out of her sides in short, painful gasps, like the quickened breath of a grand race-horse, tired, and resting after a great burst of speed. Commodore Theodore Cook was proud as the proudest man in Anu^rica, as he walked down the noble .ship's gang-planks, and then stood up so straight that he nearly fell backwards. No one seems to have been prepared for the phenomenal time she had made." In November, 18.')8, "Westward!" was the crv. The more that was learned of the great countries to the North-West, the stronger grew the desire to establish uninterrupted com- munication therewith. The means of access to the Eastern seaboard were already numerous and easy. An open route to the banks of the Saskatchewan and to the .shores of the Pacific was wanted. The feeling was that more would be gained in a single year by trading with the North-West than by ten years of the closest communication with the lower Provinces. The Mediterranean would not bear upon its bosom so great a burden of wealth as would our lakes and rivers, should the country become the highway between the two great ocean.s — the con- necting link between China and Europe. In this year the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railway was opened. The first Toronto City Directory was published by William Brown, the writer having lent him a copy of the London (England) Directory as a model. It was only copied in the classification of the names, the addition of the street direc- tory, as at present, not being adopted for several years after- war d.s. In July of this year the writer went to Quebec to meet his From 1S5J to i8ty. 155 family coming out from England by the Xorfh American, Captain Grange, and had the pleasure of meeting Rev. John Maclean, now Bishop of Saskatchewan, Rev. Dr. Hellinuth, late Bi.shop of Huron, and Rev. Mr: Fleury, (chaplain of the Moly- neux Blind Asylum in Dublin, to whom I freijuently had the pleasure of listening in the chapel attached to the institution, a.s also the delightful music of the choir, the members of which, including the organist, were all inmates. These gentlemen had been exceedingly kind and attentive to my family during a long and stormy voyage, and on their arrival in Toronto all paid us a visit, expressing, at the same time, their surprise and delight at the tine appearance of the city. ,. ■ In thi.s year the 100th Regiment, to which Toronto con- tributed a large quota, was enrolled in the Regular Army a.s the Prince of Wales' Royal Canadian Regiment of the line ; Major-General Viscount jlelville was appointed Colonel-in- Chief. The Regiment .sailed in three detachments, the tirst from Quebec, by the Allan steamer Ivdian, nearly 500 strong ; the second per Nova Scotian, 435 strong, and the third per Anglo- Saxon with remainder. In July, 1859, the Agamemnon, in laying the Atlantic cable between Valentia Bay, in Ireland, and Trinity Bay, Newfound- land, a distance of 1,650 nautical miles, was in great danger ; the coils broke adrift and the cable was displaced, as .she was nearly thrown on her beam ends ; the electric instruments were all injured and the deck boats got adrift. On the successful accomplishment of the undertaking, on the 17th of August, messages were exchanged from the Queen to the President of the United States. Lord Napier was then British Minister at Washington. Fetes were given at New York, and a reception to the officers of the Agamemnon by the City Council ; on that occasion, amongst the toasts proposed was the following ; " The people of Great Britain and Ireland, joined to us in the Court of Neptune. May that nuptial tie never be put asunder." ■ • ... '. *> 156 Toronto " Called Back. Visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada, 1860, On the 9th of July, the Prince, accompanied by the Queen and Prince Consort to Plymouth, embarked on board the line- of-battle ship Hero, ninety -one guns, Captain Seymour, having as an escort the ship Ariadne. The suite of His Royal Highness consisted of the Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of State for the Colonies ; the Lord- Steward of Her Majesty's Household, Earl of St. Germains; His Royal Highness' Governor, Major-General Hon. R. Bruce ; equerries-in- Waiting, Major Teesdale, R.A., and Capt. Gray, Grenadier Guards ; Dr. Acland, His Royal Highness' physician. The Prince wtis commissioned to represent Her Majesty in the opening of the Victoria Bridge, and on all public occasions ; to hold levees and receive addresses while in Canada ; and in travelling through the United States he was to a.ssume the title of Baron Renfrew, The squadron arrived at Halifax on the 29th of July, and after visiting Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick pro- ceeded to Quebec, where, leaving the men-of-war, they pro- ceeded to Montreal, arriving on the 25th of August. The Royal party remained there for several days, during which the Prince opened the Industrial Exhibition in the Crystal Palace, attended a magnificent ball given in his honor, laid the corner stone, being also the last stone, of the Victoria Bridge, and clinched the last bolt of the Bridge (a silver rivet) with stout and sturdy blows. After stopping at Ottawa, Brockville and Kingston on the way up, the Prince arrived at Toronto on the 7th of September, and met with a magnihcent reception, the preparations being on a scale far surpassing those of the other cities he had visited. The Prince disembarked at the western extremity of the Esplanade. Here a splendid pavilion was erected facing the city; the hangings were of crimson, blue and white, and the building was adorned with green leaves and festoons of flowers. The whole was surmounted by a Royal crown, on all sides pro- tected by flags. The greatest chanu was the entrance arch, which spanned the From 1 8^1 to 186"]. 157 street and was really magniticent. It was of the Grecian order, but exceedingly rich in ornament, and stood sixty feet high. The pillars were massive, palmated at the top. The interior of the arch was adorned with beautiful fresco paintings, and the whole surmounted with a shield bf.aring the Royal Arms and a Royal crown supported on each side V»y a fine display of Hags. A semicircular platform was erected, with tier upon tier of seats, and was ornamented with shields and banners, and more than 10,000 people were in position on it. In the open space was a troop of cavalry, and in the centre was a great level platform, with the dais and throne under a gorgeous canopy. Here the Prince was received by the Mayor, Corporation, Judges, Members of Parliament, Officers of the Army and Volunteers, etc. After the reading of the address the National Anthem was sung by 5,000 children, under the leadership of Mr. John Carter, the Cathedral organist. It is impossible to do justice to the imposing spectacle pre- sented when the vast assembly stood up and united in one tre- mendous bui'st of cheering, which lasted .several minutes, the ladies waving their handkei'chiefs and men nearly killing them- .selves with shouting the loyal hurrahs, while .several bands played the National Anthem. The Prince was intensely affected at this glorious welcome, which was so hearty and magnificent. A proce.s.sion of militia, firemen and national .societies filed past, drooping banners and cheering vociferously. The Prince'.s carriage followed the procession through the principal streets, cheered by the people, while fiower.-i were strewed before him. Night having come on by this time the city was most brilliantly illuminated, and the whole formed a spectacle which, for magnificence, was never surpa.ssed in Canada. The Prince and suite were entertained during their stay at Government House. On Sunday the party attended divine service in St. James' Cathedral, and were met at the door by Bishop Stiachan, Rector 15^ Toronto " Called DackT Grasset, and other clergymen. The sermon was preached by the Bishop, from the text, "Give the King Thy Judgments, O God, and Thy righteousness unto the King's son." The de- meanor of the Prince during the service was what might have been expected. He joined heartily in the responses, and his entire manner might be copied by some church-going young men with decided advantage. The Orangemen had erected a splendid arch at the intersec- tion of Church and King Streets, with £ -'^'e painting of King ii \'\ GOVERNMENT HOU.SE AND ST. ANDREWS CHURCH. William III.- in a conspicuous position. Instead, however, of the party driving under the arch along King Street, the car- riage went down Church to Wellington, and so to the Govern- ment House. It transpired that this was done by the positive order of the Duke of Newcastle. During the week the Prince visited all the principal objects of interest, and planted a tree in the Horticultural Gardens, at the same time opening the rustic arbor then recently erected. He also planted an English silver oak in the Queen's Park, From iSsy to iSd-j. 159 which stands to the east of the guns, and laid the foundation stone of the statue to the Queen, surrounded by civic, provin- cial and other dignitaries; and in addition to all he turned the first sod of the Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway. He attended a public ball, given in his honor, in the Crystal Palace, wearing the uniform of a colonel of the British Army, unattached, and led oti' the dance by taking the hand of the accomplished wife of Mayor Wilson, one of the present Chief Justices of Ontario. The ball was a brilliant scene, and wound Tip the entertainments given in honor of the Prince in Toronto. He next visited Hamilton, and then proceeded to New York, where the demonstrations were almost extravajxant, and did the people of that city much credit. The squadron sailed from Portland in November, arriviiig in England in a short time. 1860 to 1865. Outside of general events, the local history of Toronto from 1860 to 1805 was that of the proverbially happy country that has no history. The close of the decade of the fifties had witnessed commercial depression, stagnation in trade and manu- factures, starvation and misery. The Hrst half of the decade of the sixties brought commercial vigor, activity in trade and manufactures, abundance and prosperity. It was the story of Pharaoh's kine reversed. The American war caused the country to be overrun with conunissariat agents purchasing stores for the army. American gold poured in in steady streams, and produce of all kinds could not be supplied to meet the demand. Farmers and merchants reaped a golden harvest, and many a fortune was accumulated by trader and speculator. Toronto liad its .share in the general prosperity, and the condition of the city was one hitherto unexampled. During this period th speculation in gold reached its climax. Fortunes were made and lost in exchanges between New York and Toronto. Goods bought in American currency and paid %<\- i yn 1 60 Toronto " Called Back." for in o-old at a high premium, corresponding with the depre- ciation in American currency, gave the importers of American goods room to realize immense profits. As an illustration of the difference in the values of the cur- rency at one time, the writer and the late Mr. A. W. Lauder, M.PR, when starting to New York to meet our families, who had been visiting in England, took $40 each to a broker on King Street, for which we received $100 in American currency, and as the price of everything on the American side had re- mained unchanged — their argument being that a dollar was still a dollar, which they soon found to be rather a delusion — the fare to New York, which from the Suspension Bridge was $10, was to us only $4, while a charge of $4 a day at the St. Nicholas' Hotel, New York, was to us just $1.00. Travellers to Canada soon found out the real value of their currency, com- pared with ours, when coming ofif the boats to make their purchases. One gentleman, 011 purchasing an article on King Street, the price of which was 25 cents, and getting 15 cents change out of his dollar bill, was so chagrined that he vowed he never again would put his foot on Canadian soil. The return to specie payments was much more rapid than any one had anticipated. Mr. J. G. Bowes, who had filled the civic chair in 1848-49- 50, and had been described as the ablest man who ever filled the ofiice of Chief Magistrate up to that time, was again honored with the confidence of liis fellow-citizens by being elected in the years 1861-02-68. Mr. Bowes spared neither time nor expense in keeping up the dignity of his oflice and attending to his duties; his hospitality and benevolence extending far beyond the emoluments attached to the office. The respect in which he was held was most marked whenever he maie his appearance, and the almost uni- versal recognition accorded him was proof of his great popu- larity. On public occasions Mr, Bowes always appeared in official costume, which, although not ornamented with the gold chain, - .IvV. From 1 8^ J to i86y. i6i as the Lord Mayors in England, was most appropriate and becoming. Dr. Russell, of the London Times, writes : " The city is so very .surprising in the extent of its public edifices that I was fain to write to an American friend in New York to come up and admire what had been done in architecture under a monar- chy, if he wished to appreciate the horrible state of that branch of the fine arts under his democracy. Churches, cathedrals, markets, post office, colleges, schools, mechanics' institute rise in imperial dignity in the city. The .shops are large and well furni.shed with ojoods. " In the winter time the streets are filled with sleighs, and the air is gay with the carolling of their bells. Some of the sleighs are exceedingly elegant in form and fini.sh, and are provided with very expensive furs, not only for the use of the occupants, but for display. The horses are small, spirited animals, of no great pretension to beauty. " The people in the .street are well dressed, comfortable look- ing, well-to-do ; not so tall as the people in New York, but stouter and more sturdy looking. Their winter brings no dis- comfort, as fuel is abundant, and when the wind is not blowing high the weather is very agreeable." Anthony TroUope says : " Toronto, as a city, is not generally attractive to a traveller. The country around it is fiat; although it stands on a lake, that lake has no attiib.^tes of beauty. The streets of Toronto are paved with wood, or rather planked, as are those of Montreal or Quebec, Imt they are kept in better order. I should say that the planks are first used in Toronto, and then sent, down bv the lake to Montreal, and when all but rotted out, they are again fioated off" by the St. Lawrence, to be used in the thoroughfares of the old capital." This is somewhat hard upon Quebec, but is highly fiattorin^ to Toronto. But there is no rose without its accompanying thorn; at this time another writer informs us that if the streets of Toronto are better than tho.se oi; other t^wns, the roads around it are wor.se. "I had the honor," he writes, "of mee .Ing two distinguished m. l62 Toronto '' Called Back!' members of Parliament at dinner some few nni. - out of town, and returning back a short time after they had left the host's house, was glad to be of use in picking them up from a ditch into which their carriage had been upset." Sfi The Death of Prince Albert. On the 14th of December, 1861, occurred the most mournful event in the reign of Queen Victoria, the death of the good and universally beloved Prince Consort, Prince Albert, a double calamity to the kingdom, since it also removed for a long period from public life and public usefulness the affectionate and incon- solable Queen. Not Britain alone, but all Europe, and distant India and America, felt this blow as the shock of an earthquake. In every place of worship throughout the land, on that fatal Sun- day morning, the congregations met in deep sorrow, and the tears of multitudes were shed in regret for the bitter loss, and com- passion for the heart-broken widow. For even the distant homage due Her Majesty's high estate was swallowed up in the sympathy of woman for woman. Nor was she less revered as the mighty sovereign when recognized by all as the weeping widow, and tiue and earnest were the prayers raised for Her Majesty and her fatherless children. England never saw King or Consort who so greatly won the respect, the confidence and lo\e of his people. Under his quiet, unassuming and profoundly judicioas inliuence the kingdom was blessed with prosperity and domestic tranciuility, his chil- dren were trained in the paths of virtue, honor and religion, and the Royal Consort became not only an example to the country, but to all Europe. The blessings conferred on society by the good Prince Albert can never be forgotten, and posterity will regard with reverence the name of a Prince who, though early removed from earth, left behind him the glory of a holy and u.seful life. "Only the actions of the just Smell sweet luul bloBsuni in the dust." From iSj'/ to 186"/. 163 Buying in Europe. ITS PLEASURES AND IIESI'ONSIHILITIES. It has been said of a celebrated New York millionaire and merchant prince, that during his visits to Europe he would never turn aside to witness any exhibition "v display that had not immediate connection with his own business; and yet it is a question whether, in the case of his own buyers who regularly visited the markets, such a course would not have deprived them of using one of the very best means of educating their taste and informing their judgment as to the results of the skill and the beauty of the productions of those who contribute to these exhibitions. Besides, all work and no play, in this as in every other department of labor, is not good policy. There may be a few^ to whom a sea voyage is a pleasure, but to most persons crossing the Atlantic becomes a weary and monotonous duty, altogether apart from the dangers incurred. Not a few of the buyers with whom the writer was acquainted met with a watery grave. Wilson, of Toronto, Silver, of Halifax, and Cameron, of Montreal, are amongst the number. The rule is, that the pleasure of the trip is confined to terra Jirma, and to combine business with a reasonable amount of pleasure is both desirable and profitable. As one of the magnificent ocean steamers floats at anchor in the Mersey, or the St. Lawrence, or her dock in New York, she appears to the beholder a "thing of beauty," and on going on board, how often the exclamation is heard from untried passen- gers and their friends when they enter the main saloon, and gaze on the elegant carpets, luxurious sofas and arm chairs, mirrors, panels and gilding, the racks of shining glasses, satin damask curtains, handsome piano, etc., " How beautiful every- thing is, and how nice it must be to cross the ocean in such a vessel! " Tlieir admiration increases as they view the steward's pantry adjoining, with its glittering electro-plate and piles of earthen- ware, all fitted In so as to weather every storm, with a place for everything and everything in its place. Then the houses on 164 Toronto "Called Back." deck for butcher, baker, pastry cook, ice, vegetables and meat, and the perfection of ranges in the cook's gallery, are all in- spected with pleasure. The bedrooms are next visited, with the purest of bed linen, toilet utensils, marble basins, damask curtains, electric bells, and so on to the engine room, and from stem to stern, the size of a pin's head of anything cannot be found out of place; all that art and skill, combined with wealth> can do to make a voyage pleasant and comfortable has been done. And now the hour of sailing has arrived, and under a full head of steam the noble vessel moves out seaward, a thing of life as well as a thing of beauty. If sailing from New Y^ork, the decks are crowded with passengers as they pass Staten Island and view the charming villas and merchants' mansions so thickly studded all over that beautiful suburb. Soon outside of Sandy Hook, now for the first time the heavy swell and roll of the Atlantic is felt, and presently the scene changes. The indefatigable stewards are already at work. The elegant crim- son silk-embroidered table-covers give place to the plain "Tur- key red," and the satin damask to worsted. The linen covers are soon doing duty on sofas, w^here wet boots would prove fatal to rich plush covering, and the ominous guards are attached to the dining-tables, something which all sea-goers understand. A certain lady writer has said that in naming the Cunard steamers in some of which she crossed, while there was a Persia, Oallia, Etruria, etc., it was a wonder that none had been named the N'misea ; and Dickens said that on his first trip to America he counted twenty distinct smells ; but that was long before the late improvements in ventilation and other matters, and must have included the smell of beautiful flowers in the saloon, and the fragrant odors of the cuisine ; and yet there is something on board every .ship to ju.stify the lady's remark as to the feelings that are experienced when once on the " rolling^ foaming billows." At the worst, at the present time, the voyage is short, and enjoyed greatly by most after the first desagre- Tiients are over, and England is soon reached. The buyers who go \,o Europe from Toronto are chiefly From iS^y to i86-/. 165 confined to the dry goods and millinery trades; while a few visit the markets for fancy goods and toys, a few more for china and earthenware, and one or two for jewelry, watches and watch materials ; in these branches of business a visit twice a year, or once at least, is indispensable; and while a good share of pleasure may be enjoyed, in the variety of scene, the attentions of business men, and the delightful scenery through whicli the journeys lie, yet the i-espon.sibility is very great. In the dry goods and millinery trades especially, the buyer is thrown verj' much on his resources as to whether he shall risk the novelties whicli are constantly coming forward, and then as to the quantity that would be safe. This applies, of course, to fancy goods, while as to goods of a staph character he must be wide awake as to price, which is the main point. The responsibility is enhanced where one buyer has to select every class of goods ; but even where the ground to be gone over only includes the goods for one large department, a buyer must not only possess judgment and tast. but have a fjuick perception of the value and suitability of tii ■ goods. Prompt- ness of decision is ab.solutely neces.sary, as his time is valuable and limited. Every buyer of dry goods u\ust make Manchester one of his principal points; here, in the very heart of the cotton trade of the world his contracts must be made for printed and plain cotton goods, and many classes of dress goods and small wares. If he has time to go through the various mills and manufactories, he cannot fail to be instructed and interested ; and as every experi- enced buyer has his eyes and ears open, he will gain information of great practical value. The print trade must be regai'ded as one of the greatest importance, and the perfection to wliich these goods have been brought during the present century is one of the greatest triumphs of art and science, whether regarded as to the finish and style, or their marvellous cheapness. As late as 1860, in the very district where calico printing is now carried on so extensively. Squire Raven owned the parish of Ravensborne, a fine estate in the most rural part of Lancashire. i i V V hA- 1 66 Toronto " Called Backr 4 I n '% y.i' In this parish he ruled supreme. By his orders, in the Squire's servants' pew on Sundays was ranj^ed a row of serving-maids in the old Lancashire costume — a calico jacket, a Lancashire bed-gown, and a striped linsey-woolsey petticoat — a very pretty costume, no doubt, and formerly a costly one, for the old- fashioned chintz, in the good old days of Queen Charlotte, would have cost five shillings instead of five pence a jard. If the S< I aire's ukase had been as powerful in Parliament as in his own parish, the long line of manufacturing towns and villages which, beginning at the green oasis of said Squiredom, stretches into Yorkshire, and gives employment to millions of operatives, might be still in the future. The cheapness of machinery has swept away a crowd of prejudices and flooded us with comforts and luxuries unknown to past generations. The reference to Lancashire takes the writer back to his former residence at Brandlesholme Hall, near Bury, just nine miles from Manchester. From my hall door one could look out on a forest of factory chimneys, extending for miles in every direction. Yonder is the old seat of the Peel family, in which the late Sir Robert Peel was born, and here the calico printing, from the hand block work to the copper cylinder productions, has been carried on from its commencement. Just behind is the Peel monument on Holcomb Hill ; on the other side is the Grant monument, erected in honor of the family of that name who, coming here from Scotland, by wonderful skill and industry in this trade, accumu- lated an immense fortune. Away in the distance is Bolton, where, amongst a wilderness of factories, onlj'^ one can be named — the firm of Barlow & Jones, who have supplied the world v/ith quilts and counter- panes, all made and bleached in their own works. A little nearer is Ratclifle, where the firm of R. Bealey & Co. divide some of the business with Barlow & Jones ; and a buyer from Canada, and especially from Toronto, will be sure of a cordial welcome to the beautiful mansion, and grounds and conserva- tories of Mr. Bealey, as the writer can abundantl}' testify from happy hours spent in that delightful home. From iS^y to iS6'j. 167 The same may be said of the cotton spinning works of Mrs. I Robinson Kay, at Sumniorseat, the town beini^ entirely occupied by the employees of the firm, some .'),000 finding employment and the kindest treatment. in the Wesleyan Church a tablet to the memory of the late Rev. J. P. Hetherington, a most intimate friend of the family, is placed in the chancel, and in tlie adjoining yard is seen the tomb beneath which he is buried. This cliurch is the free gift of the firm for the use of the work people, who with the family are the sole worship/pers. Walmersly House, the family residence, is a fine specimen of the princely mansions of these manufacturers ; the furniture and decorations inside corres{)onding with the beauty and magnificence of the surroundings. Here has ever l)een found the most unbounded hospitality without ostentation, and finest style without a particle of affectation ; and here delightful evenings were spent, wdiich are pleasant to the memory of the writer. Five miles on the otlier side is Rochdale, where the river* Rocbe, after tbe water has been used in various wavs, carries ott' the ort'-scourings of hundreds of factories, including those of Mr. John Bright and others^ in the llannel and drugget trade. Yondev are the paper works of Messrs. Wrigley k Co., who supply the London Times, and pay to the excise about £80,000 sterling a year. All around are the works of the Rylands, Bannermans, Henry.s, Westheads, Phillip.s's, Barbours, Hoyles, Ashtons Watts', etc. The sight at night, when the factories are lighted up, forms a fairy scene which is quite indescribable. The thousands of windows, as far as the eye can reach, illuminated, which, with the hum of machinery on all hand.s, show the enter- prise of the capitalists (nearly all self-made men) who control this trade and give employment to .such vast masses of people. From Bury to Manchester trains can be had about every ten minutes, by a choice of three lines of railway, besides omnibu.ses, from the top of which a splendid view may be obtained, and a delightful ride on one of the finest roads in the world. ,. ^. ^> V^o ^ .o/*-:^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I ■» U£ 12.2 S lis li" S LS. 112.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1 = ^ 6" - ► V]

- ■ : ; ■ » When the news reached Toronto the greatest excitement pre- vailed, as it was supposed by getting a foothold large reinforce- ments would soon follow, and that they would probably reach Toronto before their progress could be checked. The moment the news was received by the Government, troops, both regu- lar and militia, were despatched as rapidly as possible from Toronto. . .: . » i i:^:'' v .^v i. Two columns of troops were directed by different routes to Fort Erie; one — consisting principally of regulars, with a battery of field artillery, amounting to about 1,500 men, under the command of Colonel Peacock, IGth Regiment — proceeded by way of Niagara Falls and Chippewa; the other — composed altogether of militia, about 500 in number, under thp command of Colonel Dennis — went by the Welland Railway through Port Col borne. ■ From iS^y to i86j. 173 The Fenians remained in possession of Fort Erie till the morning of the 2nd of June, when they advanced towards Port Colborne. Colonel Booker, on whom the command of the militia devolved, found them strongly posted at Ridgoway. He immediately attacked them, at first with success, but find- ing himself opposed to superior numbers and his ammunition failing, he returned towards Port Colborne with a loss of six killed and forty wounded; the enemy suffering about equally. Colonel Peacock did not reach Fort Erie till after night, when the Fonif.ns re-embarked, leaving a few of their wounded and a few stragglers, in all about sixty men, in the hands of the Canadians. The brunt of the battle fell upon the Queen's Own Rifles, iive of whom were killed. They were so placed as t<> be with- out support, and behaved with the utmost gallantry. The bodies were removed to Toronto, and were displayed in the drill shed for several hours on a platform draped with black. The coffin of Ensign McEaohran occupied the middle and front position, covered with the Union Jack ; that of Corporal Defries was placed on the right, and that of Private Anderson on the left. The coffins of Privates Alderson and Tempest were placed behind and above, covered with flags. The procession from the drill shed to St. James' Cemetery was led by the band of the 47th Regiment. The Mayor and Corporation, with an immense concourse of citizens, accompanied the funeral. The burial service was read by the Rev. J. H. Grassett. Several other members of the Queen's Own died from the effects of wounds and exposure, amongst whom were Mewburn, Mathe- son, Leckie and McKenzie. k. handsome monument in the Queen's Park commemorates their bravery. To prevent further attempts nine steamers on the lakes were temporarily turned into gunboats, and 20,000 troops stationed at diflferent points along the frontier. Colonel O'Neill, and other ringleaders, including a Protestant and Roman Catholic chaplain, were tried, and the writer was 174 Toronto " Called Back.'' present when the Colonel was sentenced to be hung. The sentence was not carried out, however, having been commuted to imprisonment in the Penitentiary ; and so ended the great invasion. ,' 'l I , -^1 1 I- :i! 1 80 Toronto " Callsd Backy has never witnessed before or since. The climax of splendor had been reached. From the Place de la Concorde to the Arch of Tr'umph was one stream of carriages, while on both sides the various exhibitions were in full blast. The following Thursday, the 11th of July, may be regarded a:3 the turning point in the history of Napoleon III. He had seen Paris arise under his direction, as with a magician's wand, to a point of unparalleled grandeur. Mile after mile of magni- ficent new boulevards had sprung into existence. The Exhibi- tion had eclipsed all those which preceded. Paris had been visited by kings and emperors, and on the day named a grand review of the troops took place in the presence of Abdul Aziz, then the Sultan of Turkey ; Ismael Pacha, G.C.B,, Viceroy of Egypt, being there the same week, i - , .\ ,r ^-n - "v;.. This was the last peaceful 'niilitary display ever witnessed by the Emperor. Not very long after the Franco-Prussian war broke out, terminating in the surrender at Sedan. " ^ic transit gloria mund^" The same day the writer left Paris for London, accompanied by Mr. Richard Brown and the late J. H. Mead, who, being an excellent French scholar, as well as a gentleman of very general information, made a very agreeable fellow-iraveller. As an incident of the Exhibition, the writer had an oppor- tunity of seeing the Empress Eugenie in one of the picture galleries, where from the peculiar shape of the building allowing no long views, the Royal party had the advantage of a quiet inspection. The Empress had become quite matronly in appearance since 185.5, but still retained marks of beauty which were very attractive. ,w , -. Fenianism in Manchester. While residing in Manchester, in 1867, the trial and execu- tion of Allen, Larkin and O'Brien, for the murder of Policeman Brett, took place. Two Fenian head centres, Kelly and Deasy — who were styled Colonel Kelly and Captain Deasy, officers of the Fenian Army — From 186"] to iSjy 181 having beeii ^Tested, were put in irons and locked in the police van with a number of other prisoners. The van proceeded over Ardwick Green, and along Hyde Road, a fine open street nearly a mile in length, toward the prison. It was drawn by two horses and was guarded behind by seven policemen, with Brett inside the door, while each prisoner was locked in a separate compartment. > ' The van had proceeded about half up the road, when, in passing under the viaduct of the London and North-Western Railway, a volley of shots was fired at both horses and men. The policemen dropped from the van and spread them- selves out wide. There was a rush of thirty or forty men (said to be Irish) upon the police and the van. One had a hatchet, another a hammer, and a third a bayonet, with which they set to work to break open the van ; one man took a revolver and fired it into the lock. At last several men, with large stones, broke through the top of the van and the panels of the door behind, and set all the prisoners, including -the Fenians, at liberty. The policemen collected in a body to pre- vent the prisoners from being liberated, and Brett refusing to give up the key, several revolvers were discharged. Sergeant Brett was shot over one of his eyes and died shortly afterwards. It was proved that Allen fired the fatal shot. The trial which followed was one of the most remarkable in history. The Fenians threatened to burn up the city, and the greatest e citement prevailed. Troops, including dragoons, hussars, and infantry, amongst which were the 42nd Highlanders, with artillery, poured into Manchester, while policemen from the surrounding towns were ordered into service. The splendid new assize courts, where the trial was held, was guarded by immense bodies of police, who were heavily taxed to keep back the crowds. ; -^ After every day's trial the police van was escorted to the prison by a strong body of military marching before, behind, and on each side, the whole width of the streets, while police- men stood on the van with loaded revolvers to meet every or any attack that might be attempted. T 182 Toronto " Called Back." ^' After the fullest and fairest trial Allen, Larkin, and O'Brien were found guilty and sentenced to be hung. The writer — using his unfailing talisman to gain admission to every place of interest after working on the feelings of a policeman for nearly two hours, and speaking of Canada and America — succe' ded in getting admittance to the Court Room, a,nd was present when the death sentence was passed. ^ Larkin, amid the shrieks of some of the female relatives of the prisoners, jumped up in the dock and shouted " God save Ireland ! " The morning of the execution of these three men was so foggy that those on the opposite side of the street could not see the terrible spectacle. The streets around the Old Bailey at Salford, where they were hung, were barricaded with immense beams of timber, and all traffic was suspended till all was over. The judges at the trial were Justices Blackburn and Mellor. For the prosecution. Sir J. B. Karslake, Attorney-General, and Mr. Hinman ; for the defence Mr. Digby Seymour, Q.C., Mr. Sergetint O'Brien, Mr. Cottingham and Mr. Ernest Jones. Assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee, M.P. Having, when a young man of twenty-three, been one of the accomplices of the Smith-O'Brien rebellion in 1848, Mr. McGee escaped in th guise of a priest to America, and when the am- nesty was granted became a loyal citizen of Canada ; and at the time of his assassination represented Montreal "West in the House of Commons. He was a man of high personal character, and of remarkable talents and acccmplishments. Mr. D'Arcy McGee was most earnestly opposed to the Fenian Conspiracy, and by speech and writing warned his co'Jintrymen against it. On the night of April 7th, after an eloquent speech in the House of Commons in favor of loyalty and unity, he was shot dead from behind, at the door of his lodgings. The agent of the bloody deed was James Whelan. The murder was planned by fortj^ Fenians in Montreal, among whom lots were I S« . ! B From 1 86 J to iSyf, 18 cast as to who should execute the deed, and the lot fell upoji Whelan, He was hanged on the 11th of February, 18()9. Sir John Young was sworn in as Governor-General on the 2nd of February. Tariffs of England, United States and Canada from ^ ;. . : 1869 to 1876. -%■: r-ryr ■'::■:::/'■ ■:. Having retired from the direct importing trade in 1860, the writer accepted the agency of the firm of Potters & Martin (Limited), of Manchester, England, for the United States and Canada. This firm had been established nearly a century before, the head at one time being Sir John Potter, under the style of Potters (fe Norris, and subsequently of Potters & Taylor ; the present Mr. Thomas Bailey Potter, M.P., continuing the busi- ness till the introduction of Mr. Martin as partner, is well known as the friend of Mr. Cobden and Mr. John Bright, and is still the chairman of the Cobden Club, and a representative free trader. Having been a buyer of American goods for many years, I had a good knowledge of the leading lines of their domestic manufactures, which up to a comparatively recent period had been limited in both number and extent ; and having engaged three travellers to look after the Canadian business, I undertook to do all the American trade myself, and with this view got up an immense line of samples weighing some five hundred pounds, and comprising a full assortment of British dry goods, besides everything in French and German goods for which an order was likely to be obtained. During six yearq of this business I had the best opportunity of seeing the operation of the tariffs of the three countries. Every invoice passed through my hands, and all the correspondence, extending from Halifax to Winnipeg, and Baltimore to St. Louis, was carried on by myself directly, while the ground gone over twice a year was about 5,000 miles eachjourney. :, ,1 ;,:),;,, The amount of business done in the States may be judged from the sales of the year 1875, representing in American money about $800,000. That amount was lone from a very few lines of the samples carried, and if a fair proportion of the 1 84 Toronto "' Called Back" goods previously imported from England had been ordered the amount could have reached the millions. But the rapid growth of their manufactures from season to season, under the high tarifi', gradually excluded line after line, and inste ,d of having six hundred pounds of samples, one hundred pounds would be amply sufficient to represent all the goods there was any chance of selling, and by the end of 1870 the United States were independent C>f the world for all necessary goods ; those which might be called luxuries only being required for their wants. The firm which I represented did not seem to appreciate the real position of aft'airs, and in the face of these facts would supply me with lists of members of the Cobden Free Trade Club, amongst whom were a few American names, including that of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. ' - - . > v. To circulate literature of that kind amongst my clients would have been as ineffectual as the efforts of Free Traders in 1885, described by the Philadelphia Free Press, which says: — ''The Free Traders are preparing to smash the tariff again. The performance will resemble the efibrts of an over-ripe tomato to smash a stone fence." ' ' ■ • In taking orders, it was necessary to take the American tariff constantly as a vade mecuin. This required constant study, with its endless distinctions in specific and ad valorem rates, and both combined. It was evident that no branch of industry had been overlooked, and that every manu- facturer, small and large, had been at Washington and had a clause inserted for his own benefit, and so the manufac- tures spread and grew with amazing rapidity. The average rate on our goods was about 60 per cent, ad valoremi, and this was always payable in gold, the premium on which, during this period, averaged nearly 20 per cent. To illustrate the actual cost of foreign goods to the importer, it may be stated, that at the highest rate of duty paid this year (1886) in Canada, goods can be laid down at about 65 per cent, advance on the sterling cost, or 3 1 cents to the penny. The simplest way the leading importers in the States used to Di- ll "\ • ' 11 From i86y to i8jj. 185 arrive at the probable cost of goods, in giving their ordei's, was the latter calculation of so many cents to the penny. As nothing in di-y goods paid less than 35 per cent, ad valorem, no goods could be laid down at less than 4 cents, while most cost 4>h to o cents. The effect of this high rate of duty was to bring .some British manufacturers to establish their works in the States. Messrs. Coats and Clark, the great thread manufacturers, finding the difference in duty between thread in hanks and on spools to be so great (on the latter the duty, being specific, reached to an average of 72 per cent, ad valorem), opened large establishments in New Jersey, where now their thread is all spooled, giving employment to hundreds of operatives, and by .so much depriving Pai.sley of the payment of these people's wages, and all the corresponding advantages. All this time American goods were being .shipped to England free of duty, and the climax was reached when, on my last trip, I was asked to take samples of American cottons, these being largely sold close by the warehouse in Manchester, and ofi'er them for sale in Canada (!) while not a yard of similar goods made in Eng- land was sold in the whole of the United States. This pro- posal I at once begged to decline ; it would have been too humiliating. The goods referred to, admitted free into Eng- land, were liable at the time in the States to a duty of five cents a square yard, and ten per cent, ad valorem. This did not appear to me to be in any sense " fair trade " the opinions of the great Manchester manufacturers to the contrary notwith- standing. About the same time the firm of Randall, Farr & Co., of Hespeler, Ontario, who were extensively engaged in the manufacture of Alpaca cloths, not being able to compete with British goods, removed their whole machinery to Massachusetts, and never returned. Metropolitan Church. Dvring the residence of Rev. Dr. Punshon in Toronto, the congregation worshipping i. the old Adelaide Street Church, corner of Toronto Street, feeling the necessity of increased accommodation, as well as of having a building of more modern 13 K t.at«^iBKi « IW IV' Ft *, "V^ i i >n i86 Toronto " Called Back'' style, in looking round for a site, fixed their attention on McGill Square, then about to be sold. The late Rev. Dr. Taylor and Dr. Punshon, with other members and trustees, soon secured the property, rjlying to a great extent on the services and intluence of Dr. Punshon to raise funds for the erection of a church in tlie centre of the square. ♦•' ^ r: :;::>■ ,:, The corner stone was laid in 1870, and soon the present magnificent structure appeared in its grand and beautiful proportions. ^ > The building has so often been described, and is so familiar to both citizens and visitors, that any present description is quite unnecessary ; besides, any attempt to describe the churches of Toronto would involve a larger amount of space, from the vast number that has sprung up of late years, than these pages could afibrd. ' ''•■%.^r-:/''i ^i .'■'h:'vy,'^:y>. '■'■-, ■^. i.': '■•■;> .' :.•---■>.■,:. .-^-Vw, ./■■.;/' " The Metropolitan Church with its beautiful grounds, so splen- didly ornameiited with trees and flowering .shrubs, as well as flower beds, belongs not only to the Methodist body, but to the whole city of Toronto, forming, as it does, an open square, which is at once a boon and ornament to Toronto, and remains a lasting monument to the memory of Dr. Punshon, and ahso to Drs. Taylor, Rj'erson and Green, as well as laymen who contributed liberally towards its erection. ivi 4 j; > ;y; - - >^v. While some churches in Methodism are more elegant and greatly more expensive, there is not one in the world — take it altogether, internally and externally, the grounds included — which, in all its appointments, is so complete as the Metro- politan Church of Toronto. Messrs. Langley & Burke wei*e the architects. - A beautiful stained glass window, in memory of Mrs. Punshon, who died at their residence on Bond Street^ was placed by Dr. Pc dion in the south-west gallery. ^ .,;j. * In 1870 and 1871 Toronto had become a very important commercial centre. The principal streets wore an aspect of staid, unpretentious pros- perity. They had begun to spread out indefinitely ; the area of e St n(rMI ^m ^Vu IrWir n ^W R P II rl II K. ][] 'iM ^^^g^^"C ^•'SifetB '■^ d s ^^m »r - ''^'il fe' 1 ' ' 1 t bli> '^ ^^-^^ i;^^ i '^ ■^B... METROPOLITAN CHURCH, T" SaHR'' inn From iS6y to i8yy. 189 the population had been widely and rapidly extended. From the Provincial Lunatic Asylum on the west, to far eastward beyond the Don, stretched mile upon mile of densely popu- lated thoroughfares. To the northward, Bloor Street had long since ceased to be anything more than a nominal boundary between Toronto and Yorkville. The Esplanade on the City front had become a hive of railway and general industry. Jarvis Street had been beautified with elegant and stately residences. King and Yonge Streets continued to monopolize the lion's share of the retail business; but Front and Wellington had developed into the centre of the wholesale trade, and many large and wealthy establishments had headquarters there. A writer in the Canadian Illasi'xited News (Montreal), at this time indulges in some rather sevei'> strictures on the aspect of our streets, which he describes to be, generally speaking, either dirty or narrow, with the light of heaven almost .shut out ; or broad, wretchedly paved, certainly with a number of sufficiently handsome houses, but at the .same time with an undue preponderance of common, and generally having the appearance of being laid out on the sand-flat. He admits, however, that Toronto possesses two principal streets, sufficiently broad, well lit, and well paved, and lined with handsome shops. Some of this gentleman's comments on the social aspect of the streets are suggestive and entertaining. " Between the two principal streets of the Western Capital is a great gulf, made by the inflexible laws of society and fashion — a gulf as great as separates the Bowery from Broad waj^, the Rue de Rivoli from Rue Mont Parnasse, or Regent Street and Rotten Row from the humble thoroughfares of Pentonville and the City Road. " The buildings on King Street are greater and grander than their neighbors on Yonge ; the shops are larger and dearer ; and last, but not least. King Street is honored by the daily presence of the aristocracy, while Yonge is given over to the business of the middle-class and the beggar. Amid the upper classes there is a performance that goes on daily, that is known It consists principally of ^mong habitues as doing King.' I90 Toronto ''Called BackT marchin<:? up and down a certain part of that street at a certain hour, performing, as it were, ' Kotow ' to the goddess of fashion, and sacrificing to her sister divinity of society. " At three o'clock in the afternoon the first stragglers appear on the scene, which extends perhaps a (quarter of a mile. These consist principally of 3'oung ladies, whose proper place should he at school, and young men attired in the height of fashion. By the time these ardent devotees have paraded a few times, the regular hahltucs make their appearance, and till six o'clock in the evening one side — for one side only is patronized — is crowded to excess. " It is rather considered ' the thing ' to patrol King Street in this manner ; and of a fine evening every one who belongs to the elite, as well as many who do not, may be seen perseveringly trudging up and down, no doubt to their great comfort, and to the intense discomfiture and dismay of others less smiled upon by nature or less favored by their tailors or their dressmakers. King Street is in a way a great social ' (Change,' where every- body meets everybody and his wife ; where the latest fashions are exhibited, and the last quotations of the matrimonial market ai'e exchanged. " Would you see the newest style in hats or panniers ? They are to be seen on King Sti'eet. And would you know how many young swells are doing nothing for a living ? You are sure to find them on King Street. Would you wish to hear the last imprudence of young Harum Scarum, or the progress of Miss Slowcome's engagement ? You may be sure before you take half-a-dozen turns some conversant, intelligent busy-body of your acquaintance will have whispered the facts of the case in your ear, all of which he has ' on the best authority, sir.' It is on King Street that Clelius makes his appointment with Clelia for their afternoon walk ; that Thersites, jealousy stricken,^ scowls at Adonis ; and that Pomponia depreciates the value of her dear friend Anmltheus' new silk and trimmings. There Cornelia, the careful mother, brings out her treasures and exhibits to the public gaze those desirable lots of vnich she is so anxious to dispose on advantageous terms. While far above ' 'P?"'*!'''- From iS^y to iSyy. 191 all, Diogenes, in his garret, little more roomy or commodious than the ancient ' tub,' looks down upon the motley throng, notices their petty follies and foibles, and thanks his lucky stars that he is not as other men." fn 1871 the population was ^O.OOO, an increase in ten years of 11,000. During the next tiiree years Toronto, in common with the Province, enjoyed an unexampled epoch of prosperity. A remarkable impetus was given to all the usual branches of trade ; and the commerce, both wholesale and retail, assumed such proportions as not even the most sanguine had hoped for. More than 18,000 were added to the population, and both puV)lic and private enterprise kept pace with this rapid increa.se. The streets were full of bustle and activity. Mercantile palaces were built by some of the leading houses, and many of the finest mansions and most beautiful churches in the city were erected. The progress made since Confederation had been amazing. Not only had its area and population largely increased, but it had been greatly beautified by the erection of huge business establishments, and palatial private residences ; and it had developed a commercial enterprise and energy which .seriou.sly endangered the pretensions of Montreal to the mercantile supremacy of the Dominion. It was during 1872-74 that Toronto began to make the rapid strides in connnercial enterpri.se that placed her in the proud position .she now occupies. They were years of unusual pros- perity, and trade of all kinds received a remarkable impetus. Happily the foundations then laid of the city's mercantile greatness were suflSciently solid to resist the shock of the reaction that followed. In July, 1873, a delightful passage was made to England in the Allan steamer Polynesian from Quebec. After passing through the Straits of Belle Isle large icebergs were seen, while the weather was that of summer. Amongst the passengers were Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Aikens, of Toronto, and the family of Mr. and Mrs. Gammon, of Chicago, visiting Europe for the first time. The fine weather gave an opportunity for games of ~ 5 If 193 Toronto " Called Back!' I IS , ■: various kinds on (leci<, those of shutHe-bonrd and (juoits being the favorites. A very pleasant time was spent iti London in sight-seein<^. Return of Rev. Dr. Punshon to England. During n>y stay in Manchester, in 1875i, the late Rev. Dr. Punshon — who, had he lived, would have done a.s much to recommend Canada, and Toronto in particular, to the attention of the English people as any other man, having frequently stated he was bound to the country by the dead and the living — re- turned to England. In company with Dr. Gervase Smith and other friends, we met him at the railway station on his arrival from Liverpool. < . The Wesleyan Conference being then in session in the Free Trade Hall, the Doctor was expected to attend one of the even- inir meetings. The Conference, numberint; about six hundred ministers, occupied the great platform, wliile the audience was fully six thousand in number. Dr. James occupied the presidential chair, and all were on the qm-vive. for the appearance of Dr. Punshon, who was known to have arrived. Soon he entered quietly at the back of the platform and took a seat, but was instantly recognized, when the immense audience stood up, and between clapping of hands and waving of handkerchiefs, round after round, the scene bafiles description. For the time all the Doctor could do was to stand with head bent down and eyes streaming with tears, until an opportunity was given afterwards for giving expres- sion to his feelings in words. It was a scene never to be for- gotten. ?, : ;-Vi-. -V^, v-.,^..:, .;*'--.-:..>■. .: ,., ,\..S- ■..(,.;.{■■! In 1874 a voyage from England was made in company with several Toronto gentlemen, including the late Ilev. Dr. Jennings. One of the passengers was the now celebrated Mr. Joseph Arch, M.P., who, it is reported, took the oath in the House of Com- mons dressed in a suit of corduroy, and appeared at a banquet given in his honor, amongst a number of noblemen and gentle- men, dressed in a tweed suit. Mr. Arch was accompanied by a secretary, and represented From 186"] to i8jy. 193 the Laborer.s* Trade Union of England ; himself a working-man. Their object was to get information as to the desirability of emigration on a large scale. After travelling extensively through Canada and the United States they returned to Eng- land, but no practical results followed. On the passage many lively discussions on politics took place, in which Mr. Arch showed himself to be a man of good common sense and of moderate views, with a decided tendency to the democratic side. He is a Methodist local preacher. St. James* Cathedral Clock. About ten years ago the citizens of every denomination united to purchase the world's prize timekeeper from Benson & Sons, of London, and succeeded in placing it in the tower on Christmas Eve, 1875, This clock possesses a threefold movement, viz., keeping time, chiming, and striking the hours and quarter-hours. The com- bined weights to keep it going are over three thousand pounds ; the pendulum is over sixteen feet in length, the end weight being two hundred and fifty pounds. The quarter-hour chimes are a copy of the famous Cambridge chimes in Flngland, com- posed by Handel one hundred years ago, and may become in time, to citizens of Toronto, what Bow Bells are to inhabitants of London. The year 1875 had been marked by a very perceptible re- action in the commercial world of Toronto. The year 1876 came in gloomily, and \yith murmurs against the trade policy, and yet improvements went .steadily on. New streets were being opened up in all directions, and the popula- tion went on increasing. . At the close of 1876 the imports to Toronto had reached $11,231,543; the value of taxable property was $47,150,362, and the population had grown to 71,093. It will be seen from the above that the value of the imports had nearly doubled in ten years ; the greatest increase having taken place between 1871-72. After a period of prosperity a time of depression set II i M 194 Torofito " Called Back'' in that continued till 1878, when the city began slowly to recover from the effects of evil times. Several new and additional manufactures had been intro- duced, amongst which were fine jewellery, steam gauges, engines and general machinery, watch cases, elevators, rubber stamps, cork cutting and varnishes. The highest point the duty had reached up to this time was twenty per cent, ad valorem, except on one or two articles on which, by way of incidental protection, twenty-five per cent, was charged. These goods were principally ready-made clothing. ■••■^fl», "^. m TORONTO [FROM 1877 TO 1880. Protection versus a Revenue Tariff. The question of Protection versus a Revenue Tariff, inaugu- rated in 1878, brou^'ht in the Tilley Tariff and National Policy. Previous to 1858 the manufacturing industi'ies of Toronto were few and small. At this time, in the Parliament of United Canada, then sitting in Toronto, a protective tariff was intro- duced by In,spector-General Cayley, the rate being twenty per cent., and, as previously stated, on some goods twenty-five per cent. The improvement was soon perceptible in the immediate impetus given to manufactures, which continued till 1866, when Inspector-General Gait cut down the tariff to fifteen per cent., producing a disastrous change. Manufacturers who had invested large capital in machinery, at once losing confidence, becanie discouraged, and commenced to withdraw their capital from what appeared to bo a policy of fluctuation and uncer- taintv, — a state of things which continued till 1878. It will be seen by comparison with the Tariff of the United States that in general the principles are the same. Although the rates of duty in Canada are much lower there is evidence of a similar arrangement for the protection of home manufac- ture, especially those in actual operation throughout Canada. V . Exhibition Buildings. , ^i.. These magnificent buildings were opened by His Excellency the Earl of Dufferin, in September, 1878. The palace is built with solid brick foundations, with sides and roof of glass, and " t |t||b-' ! ■ I- i 196 Toronto " Called Back.'' 5 T ' * ,r ij 1^ " ■ \* \ /f ^ ' . . • affords admirable accommodation for the display of goods. The cost of the buildings was !!i?2o0,000. Through the suggestion of Mr. J. J. Withrow, the indefatig- able President of the Industrial Exhibition Association, the whole of the material of the original Crystal Palace was utilised in the erection of the present building, thereby effecting a great saving, and accounting for the similarity in appearance of the two buildings. The design was copied by Mr. Sandford Flem- ing froui that of Sir Joseph Pax ton for the London Crystal Palace, in 1851. The grounds, sixty acres in extent, are the finest in the Dominion. They are most beautifully situated on the shore of Lake Ontario, and from there a splendid view of Toronto and the surrounding country and lake can be obtained. The other buildings comprise horticultural and machinery halls, apiary, dairy, and horse and cattle pens, etc. The build- ings and grounds are kept in the most perfect order. I if The Marquis of Lome and H.R.H. the Princess Louise. The appointment of the Marquis of Lome to succeed the Earl of Dufferin as Governor-General of Canada gave great satisfaction. The Vice-regal party sailed from Liverpool on the 14th of November, 1878, in the Allan steamship Sarmatian, and ar- rived in Halifax on the 23rd, having had a very rough passage. They were met by the Duke of Edinburgh, who, with a naval squadron, had com., to meet his royal sister. Leaving for Montreal the following Wednesday, and stopping at various places on the way, they arrived in Ottawa in a few days. The Governor-General held his first New Year's Day recep- tion at Rideau Hall on the 1st of January, 1879. Their firsu visit to Toronto was on the 20th of January, on their way to the Falls, and was quite informal ; their object beinjj to set a winter view of Niagara. The lamented death of the beloved Princess Alice had oc- curred on the 14th of December. Under the circumstances it ir m o S From iSy-j to 1886. 199 was considered best to defer the Vice-regal visit till after the harvest of 1879, and the Governor-General having consented to open the Exhibition, the date of their visit was fixed for that time. When Toronto had been visited by three princes it was scarcely expected she would so soon afterwards be honored by a visit from one of Her Majesty's daughters, and when the announcement of the appointment of the Marquis of Lome as Governor-General was made, it was received with intense pleasure. - , , , The Earl of Dufferin, in his speeches on the occasion, in truly eloquent and beautiful language described the character of the Princess Louise, and congratulated the country on this distin- guished mark of the Queen's love and affection for Canada, in consigning her favorite daughter to her care ; at the same time portraying the character of Her Royal Highness, from actual knowledge, in colors which he well knew how to use. As an artist, musician, and scholar, she excelled in every accomplish- ment, and her benevolent and kind disposition was truly and beautifully described. Her visits to Toronto fully confirmed the description given by His Lordship, and Toronto fully sustained her reputation for loyalty by giving the Vice-regal pair a right hearty recep- tion. The party arrived in Toronto on September the 4th, and were received with a guard of honor, and by all the civic and ; military dignitaries. ^ .. 1 . . ,..:..: The Exhibition was opened on September the 6th by the Marquis and Princess Louise, amidst great enthusiasm. There was a general illumination at night. They left for London on ^ the following morning. Returning on the 18th, Her Royal Highness laid the foundation stone of the Home for Incurables, and the Governor-General presided at the opening ceremony of the Credit Valley Railway. During this and subsequent visits all the public institution.s were inspected, especial attention being given by Her Royal Highness to those of a charitable and benevolent character, in- cluding the General Hospital. !^ ''\ 20O Toronto " Called Back^ ' i i 1 . i .\ ! ' ,1'J I' ' The Grand Opera House was destroyed by fire in November, 1879. On the 2oth of March, 1880, the Hon. Georfre Brown was shot in the thigh and succumbed to the effects tlie following May. The funeral was attended by an immense concourse of people, and business was almost entirely suspended while the procession was passing. Bennett, the murderer, was tried and executed for the crime. * , In June, the Hon. John Beverley Robinson was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. During this year Prince Leopold visited Toronto, accompanied by the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise on their third visit. The Princess and Prince Leopold left for England by the steamer Polynesian, on the 31st of July. • ' ' >^ On the 6th of August a fight occurred between Roman Catholics and Orangemen, and one policeman was fatally wounded. Dr. W. H. Russell writes : " Toronto, seen under the most disadvantageous circumstances " (it was pouring rain when his party arrived), " was voted to be very surprising, and my friends were not prepared for such fine buildings and such a great array of wharves and quays on the bay, and the great fleet of craft alongside them. Toronto has increased in all the elements of wealth and consequence by bounds, and since 1861, when I was there, the population has doubled and is still increas- ing very rapidly." The Doctor pronounces the University to be worthy of a great nation, a noble Norman pile, beautifully situated. s •; ^ Farewell Visit of the Vice-regal Party. ^ V Having on several occasions expres.sed the pleasure with which they visited Toronto, the Marquis of Lome and Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, before leaving Canada, paid a farewell visit to the city. On the 12th September the Vice-regal party anived at the Union Station, and were received with a guard of honor of one hundred men of the Royal Grenadiers, accompanied by their W il Front iSyi to iS86. 20 1 band. A large number of civic and military dignitaries were present to welcome the distinguished party. j Additional interest was manifested froui the fact that another member of the Royal family, Prince George of Wales, second son of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, was with the Vice-regal party, and for the first time in Toronto. The first day was spent in visiting the public institutions, including the Home for Incurables, General Hospital, Infants Home and House of Providence ' In the evening they attended a concert in the Horticultural Pavilion, given by J. T. Thomson. The artists were Signori Brignoli, Poggi, Adamouski, Madame Teresa Carrcno, and Miss Canie Mason. The next day the Exhibition was visited, and preparatiovi.s were made to present the Marquis and Princess Louise with a farewell address. By one o'clock the Queen Street A^'enue was lined with immense crowds of people, v»hile detachments from the Queen's Own Rifles and Royal Grenadiers took up their positions around the gates of the enclosure. An archway was erected on the mound which rises in the centre of the flower plot, surmounted with the Royal Arms, hedged in on either side with flags, and decorated with flowers, and having the words " Welcome to Toronto," " Lome and Louise," artistic- ally displayed.- The steel helmets of the Body Guards were the signal of the approach of the Vice-regal party, and amid a down-pour of rain they entered the enclosure and stood on the dais, in front of which about 3,000 people presented an unbroken covering of umbrellas. As they made their appearance, cheer after cheer arose from the assembled multitude, the pouring rain being ineffectual to dampen their enthusiasm. When the cheering for the Marquis and Princess had subsided, some one called out for three cheers for Prince George. Not catching the words at first, as referring to himself, the Princess turned towards him and pleasantly said, "That's you." The cheers were given heartily, and Prince George bowed his acknowledgment. When the ceremonies were ended the Princess drove to the 14 IpI :? ! i i > i.' ■ 4\^ 'i I. !,'< ! V -. i 1 f ) I li^ 202 Toronto " Called Back.'' Hospital for Sick Children, and the Marquis to the Exhibition. They left Government House on the 14th ; Toronto, as usual, having done herself honor in this display of genuine loyalty. Arrival of the Marquis of Lansdowne. The new Governor-General, Lady Lansdowne and suite ar- rived by the Allan steamer Circaasian, at Quebec, on the 23rd of October, and were met by Lord Lome and the Cabinet. The Marquis of Lansdowne took the oath of office the same day, after which they proceeded to Ottawa. FIRST VISIT TO TORONTO. On the 9th of January, 18S4, His Excellency the Governor- General, Lady Lansdowne, Lord and Lady Melgund and suite arrived at the Union Station, where they were met by His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor and Captain Geddes, A.D.C. A guard of honor from the Queen's Own Rifles, composed of one hundred men and the Band, assembled to meet the dis- tinguished party, who were immediately driven to Government House. The first day was spent in sight-seeing. The route taken was through the principal streets to the University. In the evening a large number of the leading citizens were invited to meet the party at Government House. ' . The next day they went to the Falls, and crossing the new Suspension Bridge, were landed on American soil for the first time in their lives. On their return to Toronto on the 12th, His Excellency proceeded to the City Hall to receive the Address of the Corporation, to which he replied in the most felicitous terms. The Vice-regal party visited the Hospital and other institutions. The Marquis and Lord Melgund visited the Granite Rink and attended the ball of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club. In letters to the London World addressed to eminent persons, an independent critic said, at the time of his appointment as Governor-General of Canada, to the Marquis of Lansdowne : — " There is no Englishman of your age whom I could congra- Hlh EXCELLENCY THE MO^T HONORABLE THE MAKQUIS OF LANSDOWNE, O.C.M.O., ETC., ETC., GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA. 1 1 Ilg From iSyy to iS86. ., 203 tulate with e(|ual warmth and sincerity upon the assinnption of an artluous and anxious post. Everything is in your favor. You carry with you more than promise, more even than the first fruits of performance. "A siufTuIarly hhimeless youtli was 'browned vvith the Ini^hest honors at the first University of the worhl. The advantages to which you were born, and which are not possessed to tiie same extent or in the same degree by any but the peers of historic English titles, have been turned by you to admirable account. You have acquired a valuable insight into the routine of office, and you have shown, both in the House of Lords and elsewhere, that you possess that power of speaking which is indispensable to public men of your race. " The (Canadians will recognize in Lady Lansdowne a guar- antee that they are about to welcome a Vice-Queen after their own heart." The Semi-Centennial Celebration took place in Dominion week. The 6th March was celebrated by the opening of the Free Library by the Lieutenant-Governor, and a reception by the Mayor in the City Hall, this being the proper day for the coumiemoration of the birth of the city in 1834 ; but it was deemed advisable to postpone the celebration till Dominion week. The celebration commenced on Monday, 30th June. Flags, bunting, mottoes, and evergreens were used in the decorations, and the scene, looking down one of the principal streets, was simply a vista of fluttering colors. The whole week was given to pleasure, and thousands of sight-seers, from all parts of the Province and the United States, crowded the city. Monday, June 30th, was the municipal and historical day, specially commemorative of the city's municipal organization and progress. The procession comprised municipal bodies, police, fire brigade, etc. Tuesday, July 1st, militaiy day ; grand street parade and review, comprising visiting and city corps to the extent of over four thousand men. w 204 Toronto ''Called Back.'* m ft r ^V ■''Si'' - 1 i aaMlJiiy --l^m -. HflIB ; !; flip ■1 M H^r H I Rii^ HH ^m. WM^'Jiii H 1 Rl^ ^1 I??*- ' ■' [«;„. .«. Wn Ifff'' 'S Wednesday, -fuly 2nd, trades and industrial day, specially commemorative of the progress and standing of the commercial interests of tlie city. The parade coniprised members of the different lahor organizations of tlie city, each with a tableau, illustrative of the trade followed ; also representatives with illustrative tableaux from all the mercantile and manufacturing establishments of the city. It consisted, in part, of waggons, on which various mechanics were plying their daily vocations. Thursday, July .'{rd, " (J. E. Loyalists" day, commemorative of the settlement of the U. E. Loyalists in Canada, one hundred years ago. In the afternoon there was a reception at the (jov- ernment House, and in the evening the Oratorio of Redemption was given at the Horticultural Gardens, also a grand display of fireworks in the harbor, and imitation naval combat. Friday, July 4th, benevolent societies day; parade compris- ing uniformed and un-uniformed lodges of Masons, societies of all kinds, etc. Saturday, July ath, commemorative of our educational insti- tution.s. The para.ie comprised over 8,000 children from the public and separate schools of the city. Captain Joseph Button, R.N. This popular nii^a< statement of facts from actual experi- From iSyy to 1886. 209 €nce will form a more correct standard than that of any ther- mometrical character. . > If I were asked in England why the ladies in Canada wear furs, I should reply that they also wear them there, and very nearly to as great an extent, and partly because it is the fashion as well as for comfort. If asked why men wear heavy fur caps and coats, I should say it was the fashion also, and not so much a necessity. In no city in the United States, where the ■cold is quite as great as in Toronto, can j'oa find men wearing the headgear referred to, and a Canadian is instantly recog- nized when appearing in this costume ; so that it is evidently not because of the rigor of the climate, and yet it is one of these things that tend to fasten this idea on the minds of people abroad. The first winter the writer spent in Toronto he was miich struck with this fact, and not to possess a " set " of furs — con- sisting of a great cap, a pair of gauntlets up to the elbows, and a fur muffler, made out of a whole mink or fox skin with the head carefully preserved and worn as an ornament in front — was to make yourself a marked man and altogether unfash- ionable. Nevertheless, the writer, who soon commenced going back and forward to England and France, persisted in wearing his usual clothing, and from that time to the present has never worn one single article different from what he wore on the other side of the Atlantic, and on the ocean in winter. The heaviest outer garment was a iieavy beaver coat with a fur collar, and this did service on land and sea in the most severe weather, and was found just as necessary on a night journey from Manchester to Glasgow as in an open sleigh in Canada. An ordinaiy felt hat was the warmest head covering, and no inconvenience was felt from want of fur. I will state one fact for the information of those who pity Canadians who have to travel in winter, I have driven from Toronto to Kingston, in what I will call a one-hor.se sleigh (known here as a cutter), 1 80 miles in three days, and returned in the same time ; with snow so deep that I was in danger of over- turning in the drifts, and with no warmer clothing than I have i f ■ 1 1 ii 2IO Toronto " Called Back.'' 1 described, except to have a buffalo skin for knee covering ; and felt no more discomfort than I have experienced in one of the journeys from London to Liverpool. I have told this many times in England, but friends who were in the habit of " bait- ing " their horses every ten miles on their beautiful roads were so incredulous that they would not be convinced the thing was possible, and yet it was a simple fact. Mr. Burdette, under cover of what is intended as a humorous strain, unwittingly represents every soul in Toronto as swathed in furs. The London Times could have done no more and no worse. A walk along our principal streets any day, the coldest that comes, will demonstrate the fact that the great majority of the people do not tind it necessary to wear furs. There are com- paratively few days during the winter when a man who knows how headaches and baldness are superinduced finds it prudent to wear so much as a fur cap. The people of Ontario gener- ally have less need of furs than their friends of manj' of the States of the Union where the plug hat prevails all the year round. The custom of wearing furs by gentlemen must have origin- ated at the time when the beaver, mink, otter, fox, wolf, raccoon, and the bear were trapped by the Indians in the neighborhood of our present cities, and being found useful for articles of clothing, have continued in iise and will do so till these animals are gradually exterminated from the country. Not many years ago the same ideas were entertained in Toronto of the climate of Manitoba and the North- West as are now held by many in Great Britain with regard to Ontario, and yet the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. assert of the climate of Manitoba, that "it is healthy: there are no epidemic diseases, no malaria ; spring, clear and bright ; summer, warm with cool nights ; autumn, balmy and pleasant ; winter, uniform, dry and bracing." It would be just as incorrect to put down the whole of Canada as having the same climate, as to compare the State of Florida, where flowers bloom all the year round, with northern M From i8y7 to i8S6. 21 1 Minnesota. It must be r'^tnembered that the whole of England is farther north than Toronto, and that Aberdeen is seven de- grees still farther. That fur coats are not confined to Canada, it may be stated that a Boston gentleman, last winter, purchased an overcoat costing $4,000, and it is declared that it could not be duplicated for a much larger sum. It contains sixty-nine Russian sable skins of the finest quality. The overcoat, which is quite large, is of the finest German castor; the body and sleeves being lined with sable, while a broad collar and deep cufi's of this costly material give a rich finish to the garment. Although so warm that the wearer would not feel the most intense cold, the over- coat is much lighter than our ordinary ulster. Much misapprehension certainly exists in England with respect to the climate of Canada, including Toronto. The im- perfect knowledge possessed by the great mass of the British people as to the inunense extent of this Dominion has led to the error of giving to each portion the character of the whole ; and when travellers who happen to be in Montreal during the " ice carnival " describe ice palaces, toboggan slides, and skating rinks, and when snow-shoes, blankets coats, and tuques are represented in pictures and photographs, the general idea conveyed to persons at a distance is one of discomfort, whereas the very contrary is the fact. At what season is there so thorough enjoyment as when all this goes on ? Young and old alike enter into the spirit of the season; and the very horses in the sleighs seem to keep time in their prancing with the musical tinkle of the sleigh bells. Every resident in Toronto knows that the absence of snow and frost in the winter is regarded, instead of a boon, as little short of a calamity. The bracing air, with the thermometer verging towards zero, instea» just like the bottom. It is somewhat thicker than a sheet of writing paper, and about as long as an after-dinner speech. Its seating capacity is only limited by the number of people who can get on it. The urbane and gentlemanly conductor sits aft and uses one of his lithe and willowy legs for a steering apparatus, by which he guides the toboggan some way or " rudder." It is easy to slide down hill on a toboggan ; in fact, after you start down you can't do anything else. True, you could fall oti': that is easily done. The flying-machine is not high, so that j'ou have not far to fall; still, if you have to fall from a toboggan lialf way down the slide, or else fall down stairs with a kitchen stove, you take the stove and the stairs every time ; it isn't so exciting, and it isn't so soon. The prince and I walked up the stairway for the purpose of .sliding down the bannister on a toboggan. The president of the Club took his place aft ; somebody said "Let her go." Then we stopped and the president said, " How did we like it ? " I left my breath at the top of the slide and we had to go up and get it. There it was, a great gasp, three and a half inches long, sticking in the air like an icicle just where I had gasped it when I started. I took it down, stuck it in my left lung and began to breathe again with great freedom. The toboggan is to any other way of getting down hill what flying is to going to sleep. If I was in a hurry and it was down hill all the way, I would rather have a toboggan than a pair of wings any day. Departure of Toronto Troops for the Northwest. When the rebellion, led by Louis Riel, had assumed such proportions as to demand a call to arms, the Government order to prepare for immediate departure reached the commanding officers in Toronto on the 27th of March. During Friday night and the early hours of Saturday, the 28th, orderly sergeants were busily engaged in scouringthe city informingthe men of the start- F It ' 2l6 Toronto " Called Dacky %■■■ li -' Hi: ' HI ling news. At an early lioiir the drill shed presented an animated appearance, the men having flocked to their answer to the roll call. Such was the enthusiasm manifested that great disap- pointment was felt that only two hundred and Hfty men of each regiment could be sent to the front. As the sentiment dis- played was one of cheerful alacrity in responding to the call to arms in the country's defence, there was no holding back or hesitation, and the number required was soon made up. On the JJOtli March tens of thousands gathered at the Union Station to see the gallant volunteers depart for the scene of action, and all through their dreary route their progress was looked for with the deepest anxiety and most heart-felt sym- pathy. The maich over the ice, and the heroic fortitude dis- played through intense cold and fatigue throughout the entire journey, as well as the bravery displayed in the difFeient engagements with the enemy, have all become a matter of history. Thousands of hearts in Toronto throbbed in sympathy with her citizen soldiers during those memorable months, and prayers were constantly offered in all the churches for the success of our arms and the safe return of our sons, when victory had crowned their efforts. ,' ^IP Return of the Toronto Contingent. WELCOME HOME — JULY, 1885. War-worn, sun-scorched, stained with the dust of toil, And battle-scarred, they come victorious. Exultantly we greet them, cleave the sky With cheers, and fling our banners to the wind ; We raise triumphant songs and strew their path To do them homage. Welcome home ! We laid our country's honor in their hands And sent them forth : undoubting, said farewell, With hearts too proud, too jealous of their fame, To own our pain. To-day glad tears may flow ; To-day they come again and bring the gifts, Of all earth's gifts most precious — trust redeemed. We stretch our hands, we lift a joyful cry, Words of all words the sweetest, " Welcome home ! " Oh brave, true hearts ! oh steadfast, loyal hearts ! '"^ »■: From I St J to iS86. ; ' They come, and lay their trophies at our feet ; They show us work accoinplislied, hardships borne, Courageous deeds, and patience under pain, The country's name upheld and glorified, And i)eace, dear purchased by their blood and toil. What guerdon have we for such service done ? ' Uur thanks, our pride, our praises and our prayers, Our country's smile, and her most just rewards ; The victor's laurel laid upon the brows, And all the love that speaks in " Welcome home ; " Bays for the heroes, for the martyrs palms ; To those who come not, and though dead yet speak, A lesson to bo guarded in our souls , While the laud lives for whose dear sake they died Whose lives, thrice sacred, are the price of peace ; Whose memory, thrice beloved, thrice revered, ' Shall be their country's heritage. To hold eternal pattern to her living sons. What dare we bring ? They, dying, have won all ; A drooping flag, the flowers upon their graves. Are all the tribute left : already theirs A nation's safety, gratitude and tears. Imperishable honor, endless rest. — Annie Rothwell. Should some Rip Van Winkle have fallen asleep in 1850, wait- ing for the hourly omnibus for Yorkville, at the corner of King and Yonge Streets, and awaked on the 23rd July, 1885, he would not have been surprised at the sight of a " Union Hotel, by Jonathan Doolittle ;" nor would he have mistaken any other face on a signboard in place of Her Majesty, Qu^«:i Victoria, as did that mystic individual mistake the sign of George Wash- ington for the ruddy face of good King George. The evidences all around would soon undeceive him, and he would quickly discover that Queen Victoria still reigned over a happy and contented people. - The return of the Queen's Own, Royal Grenadiers, and Governor-General's Body Guard, amidst the spontaneous dis- play of welcome by the tens of thousands of Toronto's citizens,, was a sight seldom equalled, and one to be remembered by the present generation, and to be recorded in Canadian history and 15 hi m ■ ! 11' ■ 1 ■ ■ -'1 IH : it 1 ■i i } i I ,'. m 'if \ J :• 1 ■ i IH ■ •:' 2l8 Torotito '' Called Back" perpetuated by the well-earned tokens of the appreciation of Her Majesty and the English people, by the medals worn on the breasts of the heroes, these having been struck in the Royal mint and with the immediate sanction of Royalty. On this day, amid a blaze of bunting, under triumphal arches from north to south and east to west, the return of the citizen soldiers was greete ' 1 Should the rate of increase not diminish, another half-century will see in the site of the present Toronto a city of almost half a million. As it is, Toronto takes a place with the cities of the second class as to population in the empire. There are on forty-seven larger cities in the British Domin- ions, and England herself can boast of only eighteen which have a greater population. We are larger than Aberdeen, Cork, Derby, Greenock, Halifax, Huddersfield, Northampton, Norwich, Plymouth, Preston, Southampton, or Stockport. There are only seven larger cities in Germany, nineteen in the United States, seven in France, and seven in Russia. We rank with Detroit, Milwaukee, Bremen, Stuttgart, Blackburn, Oldham and Sunderland, all of which stand in the neighbor- hood of 111,000. The following grand annual total as.sessments will show the gradual increase which has been made in the value of taxable property in the city for the years indicated : A88KH8MBNTS. 1 1871 $29,277,235 1872 32,487,772 1873 41,775,844 1874 43,472,512 1875 ... 46,;;0(i,280 1876 47,ir.0,362 1877 47,614,393 1878 49,053,765 ABMESSMRNTS. 1879 $49,753,402 1880 50,165,539 1881 53,559,910 1882 5.5,964,899 1883 .59,561,143 1884 65,683,877 1885 69,22.5,114 1886 72,721,.559 Ir TORONTO STREET. The realty and personalty on this street is assessed in round numbers at one million dollars, one-seventieth of the total a.ssess- ment of the city, and is only a block in length. POPULATION OF TORONTO AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. 1817 1826 1832 1834 1842 1,200 1,677 4,000 9,000 15,000 1845 19,000 1847 22,500 1850 25,000 1854 40,000 1857 45,000 1871 56,000 1881 86,000 1884 100,000 1886 110,000 From iSyj to 1886. 229 NO. VALDg. 33 Ul«8,000 22 230,000 9 61,000 3 17,000 181 488,000 900 2,028,375 465,000 $3,449,375 VALUE OF BUILDINGS ERECTED DURING THE YEARS 1882 811,757,630 I 1884 $2,033,235 1883 1,506,740 | 1885 3,449,375 . Of the buildings erected in 1885 the proportion was : For miscellaneous manufacturing and others Social and charitable institutions Schools and churches Hotels Business buildings Residences Various improvements \^ ommercial Travellers' Association. There are fiv^e Commercial Travellers' Associations in Canada: Toronto, with a membership of 2,300 ; Montreal, 1,500 ; London, 500; Winnipeg, 150; Halifax, N.S.,150. We give the following statistics of the Toronto C. T. A. : Reserve Funds $100,000 Gain for last year 13,930 Membership 2,300 Increase last year , . 77 As an interesting item, showing the growth of commercial travelling in the United States, the history of which nearly corresponds with its date in Canada, one of the leading men says, " There are now about 80,000 travelling salesmen in the United States; their expenses are $1,500 each, which means an outlay of $120,000,000 a year, and if you count on an average salary of $1,000 a year each, it will swell the total to $200,000,- 000 a year. This immense sum is scattered all over the country. It keeps up the hotels and is one of the most important items of railroad passenger receipts. The character of the travelling salesman has changed in these ten years ; you will find very few boys and fewer drunkards on the road. The competition ^ so great and expenses so heavy that firms have to send out eir best men, and salaries of from $3,000 to $5,000 a year are by no means uncommon." _ ' With some modifications the above figures will apply to Canada according to its numerical proportions. m<^'^ m .' \ WB, .\ \ 230 Toronto " Called Back.'' Toronto Custom House. In any country or city where the revenue is raised hy indirect taxation, the history of the Custom House is, to a f,'reat extent, the history of its j^rovvth in trade and manufactures. There wa a time in the history of the importing trade of Toronto when the duty was five per cent, ad valorsm, and the Government of the day, with great liberality, took the importers' note at six months in payment. No doubt this gave a stiumlus to the trade, which has re- sulted in placing Toronto at the head of all American and Canadian cities of its population in the extent of its imports. About the same time that the importations conuuenced in this way to Toronto, the non-importing merchants got their supplies in what is now called " Niagara by the Lake," where merchants went regularly to make their purchases up to the time when the seat of government was changed to Toronto, in 1821. Others got their goods in Montreal, and these were brought up the St. Lawrence and along the shore of Lake Ontario in batteaux ; while over the portages they did the best they could in the way of transport. The intelligence of some of these gentlemen may be judged from the following incident, which is given on the best authority, the writer giving nothing from personal knowledge previous to 1847. One of the firm of McDougal Bros, having made his pur- chases in Montreal, returned home in advance of the goods, having his invoices with him ; the brother, who remained in Toronto, on looking over one invoice discovered a line of cloth, with number of yards and prices stated, and immediately underneath was the word " ditto " also having the length and price. On enquiring from the buyer what " ditto " meant, he replied he could not tell, as he was quite sure he had not bought any such goods as " ditto." Steps were immediately taken to have the artide returned on its arrival, as the goods appeared to come to a good deal of money. Ill TORONTO CUSTOM HOLSE. ^ I' I lij ill! ,♦ ■■"* From iSyj to 1886. 233 My first entry at the Custom House was made in the fall of !" 848, being a little over twelve months from the time of arr ving in the country, and being the youngest man who ha J made direct importations to the city. My faith in the future of Toronto was based on two facts : first, the water com- munication in front, with a beautiful harbor, and second, the fine agricultural country .strf^tching away in the back; and in addition to this there was confidence in the taste and wealth of the people sufficient to warrant the importation of a fine class of goods, as shown by the fact that one case alone was valued at £800 sterling, the contents of which, with all other goods, were speedily disposed of. Mr. Stanton was the collector at this time, and the duty was 12i per cent, ad valorem. As the whole importations that year were under a million dollars in value, the Custom House staff, inside and outside, did not exceed four or five, not one of whom remains in the service. Mr. Stanton was succeeded by Mr. Meudell, and in 1851 the stafi' had slightly increased ; Mr. T. McCarthy, still in the service, being the only one remaining of the number in the service at that time ; Mr. Thomas Scott was survej'or, Mr. John Cameron, chief clerk, and Mr. Robert Emery, landing waiter. Shortly after the introduction of the " bonding system " through the United States, the private bonded warehouses were authorized as a convenience to importers, who, com- mencing to receive goods at all seasons of the year, discontinued the custom of opening their whole importations at one time ; country merchants visiting the market more frequently, and importers taking their goods out of bond as orders were given from samples, or, in the case of dry goods, by opening only a portion of any class of goods at one time. The appointment of " lockers " followed this arrangement, and the first who acted in that capacity were Mr. James Stitt, some time superannuated, Mr. R. G. A. I'aton, the present polite and courteous cashier, and Mr. Alex. Duff, now gauger; all 16 'ill 234 Toronto " Called Back.'' \ of whom were justly popular for their obligiiii^ and attentive manners, as well as the faithful discharge of their duties. Of the former and the latter the writer can speak from experience (Mr. Paton having to do with the grocery trade). On the arrival of goods, these gentlemen were always ready to lend a hand and use a truck to get a lot of goods off the street sometimes after ten o'clock at night, when hy getting the goods in they would be covered by insurance. The conscientious discharge of duty, the unvarying readiness to oblige and willingness to impart information, on the part of Mr. Scott, are all well knov/n to present as well as past im- porters. When it was necessary to see Mr. Meudell he was to be found at his post, and if a question arose on any point in which he differed with an importer, if he .showed any dispo- sition to act in an arbitrary manner, a gentle reminder that as the servant of the public he must be accommodating invariably resulted in the offer of a friendly pinch of snuff, a box of which he always kept on his desk, and the matter came to an amicable conclusion. The gradual increase in the importations, with the rate of duty at various periods up to the present time, when they have reached such a large figure, will be found in another place. The Custom House staff in 1854 consisted, in addition to the gentlemen already named, of Hon. Captain Curzon and George Henderson, clerks ; J. R Dunn, landing waiter, and A. Macpherson, who succeeded Mr. John Boyd, father of the present Chancellor, who was the first appraiser. The present surveyor, Mr. John Douglas, entered the service in 1855, having occupied the position of chief clerk oefore his present position, which he assumed on the death of Mr. Scott. The long and valuable services of Mr. Douglas are, and will be, associated with the history of the importing trade of Toronto, long after the present time. His uniform courtesy and gentle- manly deportment are too well known to the merchants of Toronto to give the statement even the shadow of Hattery. Having known Mr. Douglas during the whole of his connec tion with the .service, the writer can say he never heard u From !8yy to 1886. 235 breath of complaint, but, on the contrary, universal respect always expressed towards him. Mr. Meudell was succeeded by the Hon. Robert Spence, and after his death Mr. T. C Scott acted as collector. An effort was made to have him appointed to the coUectorship, but the petition for the object was never presented, a number of mer- chants and others, including the Hon. George Brown, refusing to sign, on the ground that the appointment of collector should continue to be a political one. Mr. J. E. Smith was appointed to the office, and on his retirement Mr. John Douglass acted as collector till the appointment of the Hon. Jas. Patton, Q.C., LL.D., who now occupies the responsible position In 1886 the Custom House staff consists of collector, sur- veyor, chief clerk, cashier, assistant cashier, seventeen clerks, three acting clerks, three appraisers and two assistant ap- praisers, two gangers and lockers, three lockers, one engineer and two assistants, eighteen landing waiters, nine packers and porters, one housekeeper and messenger, and four messengers. CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS. The time has now happily gone by when, by an act of poli- tical legerdemain, persons from mechanical, agricultural or other pursuits, without any training or qualification, might have been metamorphosed into civil service officers, and placed in positions for which they were entirely unfitted, contrary to every recog- nized principle of trade or commerce. Should a contractor for any large undertaking require skilled workmen, as carpenters, plumbers or bricklayers, and the best accountant in the Dominion apply for an engagement, it is easy uo know what his answer would be. Why the rule should he reversed in the case of public departments is pecu- liar, and could only be applied on the ground of their having the power to conduct the business on a principle that would inevitably lead to the ruin of ordinary commercial undertak- ings ; experience and competency being indispensable in every business where private capital is invested. The Civil Service examinations must ultimately result in 236 Toronto " Called Back. greater efficiency and economy when the infusion of the new element shall have had time to develop. It is said that already the effect is apparent in the introduction of a more advanced system, in accordance with modern ideas of mercantile life, and resulting in quicker and more correct returns being made to the Government. Should the reform result in a system of remunera- tion corresponding with services actually rendered, as is the rule in every well-ordered mercantile establishment, and pro- motion given only on the ground of merit, it will prove alike advantageous to the service and beneficial to the officers, and in a few years the whole service will be purified and improved so that Canada may claim to have established a system of Civil Service equal to that which is styled " the pride and glory of Britain." Total Imports to Toronto Since 1849. The fiscal year ending 31st December, 1863, and ending 30th June, 1885. The year 1864 showing six months to 30th June. 1849 ... .$1,280,549 1850 2,286,508 1851 2,778,389 1852 2,620,080 1853 4,723,972 1854 5,830,480 1855 5,495,013 1856 6,670,500 1857 5,.S03,523 1858 3,530,198 1859 3,976,888 1860 4,138,518 1861 4,763,970 1862 4,253,286 1863 4,436,291 1864 2,387,761 1865 4,.342,737 1866 6,340,679 1867 7,031,541 1868 $6,833,132 1869 6,658,867 1870 6,833,991 1871 9,968,546 1872 1.3,097,863 1873 14,590,125 1874 14,717,898 1875 14,807,948 1876 11,231,343 1877 13,376,257 1878 12,611,3.34 1879 12,141,812 1880 12,192,942 1881 15,090,629 1882 .. , 19,110,222 1883 18,6.34,451 1884 17,090,369 1885 18,032,110 Six months ending Dec. 31 9-,418,022 COAL IMPORTED TO TORONTO IN 1885. Anthracite , Bituminous . TONS. 238,320 116,178 Total 364,498 lt|lin>f From iSjy to 1886. 237 INTO THE DOMINION. Anthracite 909, 121 Bituminous 1,080,536 Total 1,989,657 Value $3,888,548 Coal produced at Nanaimo, B.C. 1874 81,000 1875 110,000 1876 139,000 1877 154,000 1878 171,000 1879 241,000 1880 268,000 1881 228,000 1882 182,000 1883 213,000 1884 394,000 Shipped chiefly to San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, Washing- ton Territory, Alaska, Hawaiian Islands and China. The Imports of Toronto Compared With Cities in the United States. FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING ,30TH JUNE, 1885. VALUE. DCTV. AVO. PER CT. Milwaukee $407,452 $160,973.00 39.50 Detroit 2,062,.398 284,198.00 13..30 St. Louis 2,601,001 1,036.77 39.88 Buffalo 4,744,610 873,323.00 18.20 Cincinnatti 1,930,000 762,917.00 39.50 Chicago 10,585,:U7 4,133,675.00 39.05 Toronto 18,032,110 3,274,950.00 18.17 It will be noticeil that the average of duty at Detroit and Buffalo is much below/the other ports, which can be accounted lor because of the large bulk being of the produce of Canada, and less from foreign countries. The above figures were received through the kindness of the Collectors at these ports. It will V)e noticed that the Toronto imports are nearly equal to all the others put together. .'■1 -,> la H Hi V I 238 Toronto " Called Back'' Exports from Toronto in 1885 include the following goods manufactured in the city B00K8. VALUE. I CARRIA0E8. Australia $7,065 Nsw Zealand 2,044 Bermuda and West Indies 118 Spanish West Indies 46 Newfoundland 88 South Africa 1,168 I British West Indies MACHINERY. Australia Argentine Republic New Zealand Chili VALUR $727 3,829 450 293 20O This trade will receive an impetus through the Indian and Colonial Exhibition that may develop into large proportions, especially with the facilities for shipment via the Canadian Pacific Railway and its ocean connections. FOR YEAR ENDING 30TH SEPTEMBER, 1885. Produce of the Fisheries Produce of the Forest Animals and their Produce Agricultural Products Manufactures Miscellaneous Total Exports . Quarter Ending 31st December. . . . «914 308,463 991,874 1,284,657 289,27ft 16,573 $2,891,757 $1,411,514 m :-:'i ; i ft' r "i; • 1 o H iz, O o Eh O TOEONTO IN 1886. Fair Toronto ! Queen City of the VVest, Of all thy sister-cities thou art best ; As fiir as eye can reach, from Don to Humber, Rise towering spires in goodly number ; Cathedrals, churches, schools, and mansions rise In stately grandeur towering t(} the skies. A noble harbor fronts thy southern bound. And gentle hills encircle thee around ; From north to south, and east to west expand Streets, avenues and roads, so wisely plann'd, That strangers visit thee with ease, and find In thee a home .at once just to their mind ; Long live Toronto I loud her praises swell, Here Commerce, Art, and Nature love to dwell. — Imrie. It will be no exaggeration to say that no city on the con- tinent is making greater progress than the City of Toronto. Within ten years the population has doubled. Not only has this increase occurred within the limits, but the city has thrown oif shoots east, west and north, which are now rapidly assuming the proportions of towns. Indeed, one suburb, which a decade ago was a series of farms, with cottages scattered here and there, has been recently incor- porated, and its large population, its populous streets, its hand- some stores and private residences well entitle it to the dignity of a town, — and this is Parkdale. The population within the limits now reaches 111,000. That without will no doubt very shoi'tly bring it up to 140,000. Ten vears aojo Toronto extended from the Don to Bathurst Street, and from the Bay to College Avenue. Spadina Avenue north of St. Patrick Street was a field, where the troops were reviewed, and Sherbourne Street above Carlton reiiembled the " forest primeval." It is possible now to walk from half a mile east of the Grand 240 Toronto ' ' Called Back. Trunk crossing on the Kingston Road to within half a mile of the lake shore, on Queen Street (a distance of about four miles), through an avenue of shops, and to inspect store windows on Yonge Street from the Bay to the hill north of the city, which was formerly regarded as the country. Nothing illustrates the growing opulence of the city more than the character of the places of business and the architectural improvements on the private residences. A shop is not a shop now unless provided with the metropolitan plate glass front, OSGOODE HALL. and the tendency in every business is in the shape of extension, — in short, to occupy two or three buildings where formerly one was sufficient. Where many cities have one fine street of which they are justly proud, as Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, and Wabash Avenue in Chicago, none can boast of so many fine streets or private residences of finer build or more elegant design. The old square house which was the palace of a merchant years ago, has given place to a building of Elizabethan or other From iSjy U 1886. 241 fashionable style, in whicli the taste for ornamentation is fully gratified. formerly Jarvis Street was the home of the wealthy, and then Sherbourne laid claims to rivalry ; and while these go on improving constantly, new competitions for style and elegance are springing up both on the north and west. To the person whose business confines him to the centre of the city, a visit to what recently were fields is at once a revela- tion and surprise. New streets have been opened out, new and magnificent mansions hav(* been erected, comfortable houses for the middle classes have been built, and places of business to meet all local wants have been provided. In addition to this, there are very few points which are not within five minutes' walk of the street cars. The enormous development of Toronto of late years is largely the result of a liberal policy which has brought the railroads of the Province, and with them a large portion of the northern and western sections, to our doors. There are to be added to this, the public spirit of the people, the business enterprise of the merchants, the good sanitary condition of the city, and the presence of all those religious and other metropolitan advan- tages which persons retiring from active business life elsewhere naturally seek. Toronto is making great strides toward being the Chicago of Canada. The Ontario Assembly in 1886. Ontario's Legislature was convened with the old time civil and military display. The cannon of the Toronto Field Battery, stationed on Wellington Street, thundered a salute as Lieut.- Governor Robinson, attended by Capt. Geddes, A.D.C., drove from Government House, under escort of Denison's troopers, to the legislative headquarters of the Province, there, for the sixth time in his gubernatorial capacity, to present the Government bill of fare to the people's I'epresentatives for digestion during the session. * As His Honor's sleigh made its way through the throng of (I ' l-'i H 242 Toronto ''Called Back.'' spectators in front of the building, the guard of honor from C Company, Infantry School, presented arms to the strains of the National Anthem, while the cannon kept on booming. The Legislative Chamber overflowed with civil and military mag- nates, legislators, politicians, and the beauty and fashion of the Provincial Capital as represented by upwards of two hundred of the fairer sex. All the galleries were jammed. It was generally remarked that the ceremony was unusually large and brilliant. STATE DINNER AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE. The festivities that followed the opening were on a larger and more brilliant scale than usual. Government House was the scene of a magnificent state dinner, which eclipsed anything hitherto attempted in that line at Government House. The table was a perfect gem in the way of decoration and arrange- ment. It was laid in the ball room with covers for fifty-six. Mrs. Robinson herself designed and superintended the work. The centn ece was a miniature lake, in which fragrant flowers of rare delicacy and hue floated amidst tender green vines and lovely leaves, being refreshed by a gentle spray from a rockery, surmounted by a device in which the word " Ontario " glittered in gas. The lake was flanked by a profusion of flowers, and numerous little ornaments and devices added to the beauty and eff*ect of the display, the toid ensemble, under a brilliant flood of light, being really magnificent. .IE Toronto Board of Trade was incorporated in February, 1845, the council being composed of the following gentlemen: — Thomas Clarkson, President; E. F. Whittemore, Vice-President ; John Harrington, Treasurer; Charles Robertson, Secretary ; Messrs. W. P. Howland, James Brown, jun., William McMaster, William Henderson, John Shaw, Charles Robertson, J. G. AVorts, T. D. Harris Rice Lewis, George A. Piper, Henry Fowler, John Henderson. Members in 1886, 822 ; total income last year, $.5,553.35. From i8jy to i8S6. 243 ( AI'ITAL. Bank of Toronto $2,000,000 ("entral 1 ,000,000 Canadian H'k of Commerce 6,000,000 Ontario l.riOO.OOO Bank of Montreal 12,000,000 Merchants' 5,725,000 Imperial 1 ,500,000 Banks in Toronto. CAriTAI.. guebec $2,500,000 Federal 1,250,000 Standard 2,000,000 Dominion 1 ,500,0f)0 Traders 1,000,000 British North America 5,000,000 SAVINGS BANKS. Assistant Receiver-General's Office. Canada Permanent Loan and Savings Company. Dominion Savings Bank. B'armers Loan and Savings ( 'ompany. Freehold Loan and Savings Company. Home Savings and Loan Company. People's Loan and Deposit Company, • Post Office Savings Bank. Toronto Savings Bank. Union Loan and Savings Bank. Western ('anada Loan and Savings Company. PUBLIC COMPANIES. Toronto General Trust Company $.500,000 Toronto Land and Loan Company 1,000,000 Union Loan and Savings Company 1,000,000 York Farmers' Colonization Company 300,000 British Canadian Loan and Investment Company (Limited) 5,000,000 Building and Loan Association 750,000 Canada. Permanent Loan and Savings Company 2,200,000 Reserve fund $1, 100,000 ; assets 8^539, 476 Credit Foncier (Franco-Canadian) 5, 000, (XX) Freehold Loan and Savings Company 2,000,000 Home Savings and Loan Company . 2,000,000 Imperial Loan and Investment Company 1,000,000 Londora and Canadian Loan and Agency Company 5,000,000 London and Ontario Investment Company 2,250,000 Ontario and Industrial Loan and Investment Company .500,000 Ontai'io and Qu'Appelle Company 1 ,000,000 People's Loan and Deposit Company 500,000 Commercial Building and Investment Society Loan and Investment Company Canada Company Canada Landed Credit Company Farmers Loan and Savings Company Land Security Company Trust and Loan Company Western Canada Loan and Savings Company National Investment Company ASSETS OF BANKS IN CANADA. In January 1886 $222, 905,. 522 I ',^1 244 I \, m\ Toronto " Called Back!^ Toronto Gas Works. The Gas Works of Toronto were originated and built by the late Albert Furniss, in 1842, who was also the builder of the Water Works, The present Consumers' Gas Company origin- ated in 1847, and the first meeting of the subscribers for stock was held on the 2i)th October, 1847, when Directors were ap- pointed for the management of the Company. The Act of Incorporation was passed in 1848. The Directors had not pro- ceeded far with their arrangements for the construction of the Works before they ascertained that the Gas Works then in use could be purchased, and they unanimously decided on concluding the bargain for their purchase. The late Charles Berczy, Postmaster, was the first President of the Company. The Directors in 18.52 were Charles Berczy, Hugh Miller, John T. Smith, David Patterson, J. Arnold, M. Betley, I. C. Gilmor, W. Mathers, S. Alcorn, E. C. Hancock, S. Piatt, and James Strange. When the Company took over the Gas Works the price of gas was So per thousand, net, besides a large meter rent, and the quality from ten to twelve candles. On September 30th, 1847, there were one hundred and sixty- four street lamps and three hundred and seventeen gas con- sumers, and the total amount of rental for gas for fifteen months — two quarters at 25s. and three quarters at 20s. — amounted to only £4,019 7s. lOd. The first manager was Mr. John Watson, who only occupied the position for a short time, when he was succeeded by the late Henry Thompson, who occupied the position until 1874, when he was succeeded by W. H. Pearson. The gas manufactured up to September 30th, 1854, was 14,000,000 cubic feet. The quality of gas now supplied is from seventeen to eighteen candles, and the price charged to small consumers $1.25 per M., medium size consumers, $1.15, and very large consumers, $1.10. Gas stoves and engines, $1 per M. No charge now is made for meters. Over one hundred and twenty-six miles of pipe were laid up to September 30th, 1885. There are two thousand five hundred and fifty-seven street lamps, and six thousand seven From i8jj to 1886. 245 humlred and seventy ei<,'ht consumers. Gas rentals amounted to !if;}o:},41).S.2() for the year ending' September .'iOth, 1.S8."), and the gas made was 27Ji,48;i,000 cubic feet. The present officers of the Company are : James Austin, President ; Lai ratt W. Smith, Vice-President, and W. H. Pear- son, Secretary, There are one hundred and tifty-four hands now employed by the Company, and its business is rapidly increasing. Toronto Water Works. Toronto is supplied with water from Lake Ontario by means of pumping engines, manufactured by Messrs. Inglis k. Hunter, of this city, having a capacity of 12,000,000 gallons per twenty- four hours ; also two Worthington Duplex Engines of a capacity of 12,000,000, making a total of 24,000,000 gallons. The build- ing of the Water Works in which they are placed is a handsome structure at the edge of the bay. The reservoir at Rose Hill, from which the water is dis- tributed, is beautifully situated to the north of the city. The wonderful growth of the city will be seen by a comparison of the following sto.tistics with the system in 1847 : Totiil mileage of water pipes 144' Number of hydrants 1,414 Number of services 2'2,0OO Number of hydraulic hoists 140 Gallons of water pumped in 1885 3,543,735,410 It is interesting to notice that in 1847 there was no hoist of any kind in any building in Toronto. All goods and furniture were carried to the different floors, while passengers had to walk up stairs. The first two hoists were of the old wheel and rope pattern, and one was placed in the present Bank of Com- merce building by Messrs. Ross, Mitchell & Co., and the other in the warehouse at present occupied by Mr. P. Jacobi by Taylor & Stevenson in 1853. Meat Markets and Horses of Toronto. Contrasting with the inferior meat of former times, the markets of Toronto, for splendid supplies of first-class meats, cannot be surpassed anywhere. The display at Christmas time 246 Toronto " Called Back.'' is another evidence of Toronto's {^reat progress, and would do credit to any city in the world. In connection with this, reference may be made to the won- derful improvement that has taken place in all classes of horses, which are to be seen in such numbers on our streets. Whether for saddle, carriage, or heavy draught, no city in America can show finer specimens of horse-flesh, and it is only in point of size that they are excelled in Britain. The finest display of heavy draught horses in the world is to be seen on the first of May in Manchester, when, in splendid new brass-mounted, shining harness, and gaily decorated with ribbons and flowers, the proud teamsters display their leviathian animals, sleek and fat, in a procession extending for miles in length. Toronto horses belonging to the railway companies are quite equal in .symmetry and condition. Toronto a Manufacturing City. A Shoflield teacher gave a school girl, for a home lesson, a composition on the question of trade. Next morning she brought an excuse for not having done her task, and also handed to the teacher a note which her brother had sent, and which contained the following : — " ' Trade is the substance of things hoped for, and the evidence of things not seen,' It will come ' in the sweet by-and-bye.' Trade ! trade ! where art thou ? Come forth and show thyself." This is the problem which the greatest political economists in the world are trying to solve to-day. An Imperial Commis- sion has been appointed in England to find out where her trade has disappeared to, and the cause of its decline; with this only result so far, that new markets must be found to supply the place of those that have been lost. It is probable the youth knew nothing of the theories of Free Trade and Protection, and did not know that Sheflfteld goods were excluded by a hostile taritt' from what had formerly been the largest market for these goods ; nor that the m;^nufac- turers of Connecticut and Rhode Island were sending in similar goods to England entirely free ; he only knew the sad fact of poverty and all its attending evils. From iSyy to iS86. 247 When — either bv defective legislation or some unfortunate circumstance, as the Cotton Famine during the American War — tens of thousands of industrious operatives are reduced to the verge of starvation, it is a dreadful state of things, and it must be gratifying to the citizens of Toronto, that happily no such state of things ousts here ; trade is a visible and tangible reality, and there appears every prospect of steady progress in the future as there has been in the past. While no class is oppressed all are benefitted. in i ■ ■'■■ isl^^^B ■ ^^^■1 II^H i 1 f/ist of articles manufactured in Toronto, the importation of which has fallen off in a ratio corresponding with the home p^>- taction: Agricultural IinpleiiientH Bagatelle Tables. Baking Powders. Bed ('oinforters. Bedsteads. Billiard Taliles. Bird Cages. liiscuits. Blacking. Blankets. Blank i$ooks. Boots and Shoes. Boot Laces. Building Brick. Bridges, iron. Candles, tallow. Carpet Bags. Carriages and Sleighs. Cloaks, fur. Cloaks, cloth. Clothing, Cotton. (lollars anc! Cuffs. Colors and Paints. Copper Manufactures. Corks. Cottons, grey and white. Earth Closets. Electro-plated Ware. I Envelojies. Fire NN'oiks. I Furniture, all kinds. FurCaps, Hats, Muffs, &c (Jas Fixtures. ( J loves, leather. ■ Gutta Percha Goods. Hats and Caps. Hollow Ware. Horse Shoes. Horse Shoe Nails. India [lubber .Vlanuf'res. Ink, writing A: printing. Iron Bolts and Nuts. Jellies and Jams. Jewellery, nuinuf'res of gold and silver. Linen Clothing. Meats, smoked and dried. Mill (& other) Machinery. Mouldings, gilded. Mouldings, wood. Musical Instruments. Oil, lubricatii g. Oil, iliuminatiiig. Organs, parts of, & reeds. Ornamental Iron Work. Paper Manufactures. Paper Bags and Boxes. Paper Hangings. Pianos. Pickles and Sauces. Rasps and Files. Saddlery. Satchels. Scales and Balances. Shirts. Show Cases. Skates. Soaps. Spices. Stoves and Furnaces. Suspenders and Corsets. Telegraph Nupj)lies. Tin Manufactures. Trunks and Valises. Whips. Wire Work. Wooden Ware. Woollen Clothing. Woollen Hosiery. Woollen Underclothing. Woollen Yarns. The cottons mentioned, although not manufactured in the city, are largely sold here by manufacturers and their agents, and are controlled by Toronto merchants ; this also applies to denims drillings, and other lines of goods. The list could be greatly extended if goods manufactured in the Dominion were enumerated. 248 Toronto '* Called Back. When it is remembered that at the commencement of our sketch there was just one stove foundry, one soap and candle factory, and one or two other unimportant kinds of goods manufactured in Toronto, the list speaks for itself. It must be borne in mind, however, that this does not by any means in- clude all the branches of manufactures, as new industries are starting up constantly, for which we have no comparison to make in imported goods. It would be impossible to over-estimate the importance of these manufactures to the city, not only giving employment to thousands of the populat - but forming a lai^ge market for the agricultural productions in the surrounding country, and also attracting buyers of every class of goods ; all tending to the circulation of money, and contributing to the general prosperity. No thoughtful person can walk down any of the leading thoroughfares in the morning, or at six o'clock in the evening, without being struck with the crowds of well-dressed men and women, all tending toward or returning f i-om the centre of these industries ; and he must, indeed, be void of patriotism, whose feelings are not thrilled by the sight of so much enterprise and industry, making our sti-eets vie with those of Manchester or Nottingham. Nor is there any reason to doubt tliat, before long, we may see the numbers greatly increased. While the extension of nianiifactures may embrace those not so cleanly, no one would object to see even the linen overalls and the wooden clogs which, in other cities, although corresponding with the work of the operatives during the week, are often replaced by silk and patent leather o\\ Sundays and holidays. A spool of cotton may appear trifling, but few people, except the initiated, are aware of the gigantic business done in this article. In Paisley, Scotland, there are employed in the trade thousands of operatives, — one mill alone employing over 3,000 hands, earning good wages, and employed all the year round. When factories in other trades are shut down for lack of orders, the spool cotton mills do not suffer much, if any, from depres- sion. Torontonians will be pleased to hear that this important branch of manufacture is to be established in Toronto by Kerr From iSjj to 1886. 249 and Co., the well-known Paisley manufacturers. Machinery of the newest and best description will be imported from home, and workers brought out from Paisley to teach others here. rORON'J'O MAN U FACTURES. Account Books 5 Agricultural Implements 2 Artificial Limbs 'A Awnings, Tents, etc 3 Baking I'owder 4 Barl) Wire Fencing 1 Baskets 5 Belting 6 Billiard Tables 1 Blacklea 2 Paper Bags 2 ''NHttiy liil 250 Toronto " Called Back. Pattern Making 3 Pianos 5 Pickles and Sauces 4 Picture Frames 8 Planing Mills 23 Printing Ink 1 Printing Presses 2 Publishers 45 Pumps 3 Rattan Goods 1 Refrigerators 2 Roller Skates 2 Ropes 2 Rubber Goods 2 Saddlery Hardware 1 Safes 1 Sanitary Appliances 1 Sash, Doors and Blinds 12 Saws 1 Saw and Shingle Mill Machinery 1 Scales 1 Sculptors 3 Shirts 6 Show Cases 2 Sil 'ersmiths I Silverware 4 Soap 4 Spring Beds 8 vStained Glass 2 Stamps 4 Stencils 5 Stereotypes 3 Stoves 3 Straw Goods ... 3 Tanners Supplies 1 Tassels 1 Telegraph Supplies 2 Trunks 1 Trasses 2 Varnish 3 Vinegar . . . 3 Waggons 20 1 1 1 3 I 2 Wall Papers Washing Machines Watch Cases White Lead Wire Matts Wire Works Window Shades Wood Turning Wooden Ware Wood Working Machinery . Wool Knit Goods Yeast Great Britain having, fchroucrh hostile tariffs, lost access to the markets of many countries which were formerly tlie best outlets for her trade, is now turninof her attention to new fields for her enterprise, and in the future will look to India, China, Japan, Burmah and Siam to take her surplus productions. As these countries comprise about one-third of the population of the earth, there is abundant scope, and it will indeed be a novel sight to find the young Dominion competing with the mother country for this very trade, with all the advantages on the side of Canada, in being so much nearer the field of operations. PER CB:NTA«l to the manufacture of rooting ar.d carpet felt, grocers', dry goods, aud express wrapping paper; the middlr makes all kinds of printing, colored, and book paper, and at the upper mill is manufactured manilla and hanging papers. There is also a paper bag factory in connec- tion with the works. The location of the mills was selected on account of the running water which is essential to the manufacture of paper, and the entire establishment is replete with the most improved machinery and appliances, among.st which is a Harper Im- proved Fourdrinier Paper Machine. The trade of the firm is co-extensive with the Dominion, and Toronto may justly pride herself in this representative establishment, as supplying every want connected with the trade. In connection with the paper trade, the firm operates an extensive steam .saw-mill, and altogether gives employment to a larf;j number of operatives, all contr"buting to the growth and prosperity of the city. BROWN BROTHERS d- GO. In the manufacture of books and the publication of every form of diaries, this firm is the longest established in the city, and in the latter trade stands u^irivalled in the Dominion. The house was founded in 1846 by the father of the present firm, which was formed ten years later. The business includes every branch of book-binding, from the plainest to the most orna- mental and highly finished work. The most improved and labor-saving machinery is employed, and the general facilities for production are unsurpassed. I ?:"■> 254 Toronto ''Called Back'' The business is thoroughly systematized in departments, and the stock comprises every description of paper, stationery, and a full and complete stock of book-binders' and printers' materials. The trade extends all over the Dominion, and has latterly been pushed to the far east, — the greater poviion of the books shipped to Australia and New Zealand, as well as to foreign countries, are the productions of this establishment, which holds a front rank amongst the numerous manufacturing establishments of Toronto. The exhibits at the London and Colonial Exhibition are attracting much attention, and reflect much credit on the tirni and on Toronto. ROLPH SMITH «fc C ; The beautiful grounds around are both spacious and airy, and with croquet and chevalier lawns, nothing more pleasant could be desired by business men, pleasure seekers or tourists. The Queen's is furnished with all the latest modern improve- ments, having a handsome passenger elevator and electric bells, and in addition will be found the most polite attention to every wish of its guests. The building being only three stories high, covering a large area of ground, and used exclusively as a hotel, having lawns on either side, with means of exit from the house, in addition to those in front and rear, renders it almost impossible for an accident to take place from fire, aixd consequently the Queen's is looked upon as the safest hotel in the Dominion of Canada, and is regarded with pride by the citizens of Toronto as an establishment worthy of a great city. '^^i Toronto's Natural Advantages. We get here no earthquakes such as those of which the San Franciscan sleeps in nightly dread. We get no fervid heat, such as in New York often slays its scores in a day^ by sun- stroke. We get no excessive degree of cold, such as all places to the east, west and north, and some to the south, including Chicago and St. Louis, sutler from. We get no cyclone or wind- storm, such as all the cities west of us, even as near as Detroit, are subject to. No western cyclone ever yet reached this district. We get no floods, such as periodically inflict loss and suffering beyond calculation upon many of our sister cities. Nature ha" done everything for our comfort, providing even for the absence of the mosquito, which is just beginning to ply its proboscis elsewhere. ill From i8yy to 1886. 2bi Toronto a Oity of Churches. . ■ '.;, ; • Wherever God erects a house of prayer, The devil alv/ays builds a chapel there ; And 'twill be found upon examination The latter has tlie larger congregation. — Daniel Defoe. It' this celebrated man, the father or founder of the English novel, was living in Toronto to-day he would scarcely venture to introduce the above lines into a satire on churches and church-goers. The congregations worshipping in Toronto churches would show a very different result from what is im- plied in the above verse. In no city in the worM are churches more numerous, or the congregations larger, in proportion to the population, and it is safe to say that in this respect the church accommodation is larger than in any other city. Taking the average capacity to be one thousand, and the number of churches in Toronto and suburbs at one hundred and twenty, the entire population, if present at one time, could nearly be accommodated ; and this cannot be said of any other city. Although this can never happen, it is evident the average attendance must be very large and the accommodation abundant. It is safe to say, that nowhere else can such a sight be wit- nessed on a fine Sunday evening, within the same limits, as in Toronto, when the churches are emptied of the crowds of wor- shippers and the sidewalks are blocked with the throngs re- turning to their homes. The writer having spent Sundays in every large church - going city on both sides of the Atlantic, can make this state- ment without fear of successful contradiction ; nor is there any- where to be seen better dressed or more respectable looking congregations than worship in Toronto churches. What the feelings must be of those who absent themselves from Toronto churches on Sunday I cannot imagine, never having such an experience, but it seems as if that very absence would preach a sermon which, to every freethinker or agnostic, would be as powerful in favor of Christianity "? if a sermon were listened to inside the walls of a church. -* lit, T r I* ' \\i 'H if. 1 262 Toronto '' Culled Back!' The ringing of the bells is at an end, the rumbling of the carriage has ceased, the pattering of the feet is heard no more, the flocks are folded in the numerous churches.. For a time ST. Andrew's church, king strekt west. everything is hushed, but soon is heard the deep pervading .sound of the organ, rolling and vibrating through the buildings and out into the streets, and the sweet chanting of the choirs makes them resound with melody and praise, while it is poured %-*n the lore, time -:^r^_ 1 rr^ 1 -^z 1 -~-=^^ 1 Z^- '-' t #^ Jb r ^^ ^^ \:S:' t^ti- A [if ' (BSA ■ .in^ i^- -l^^B^V: '-.'"^M 1 img /^r^w i8jy to iS86 263 forth like a river of joy through the recesses of the city, elevat- ing and bearing the soul on a tide of triumphant harmony to heaven. The wanderer about the streets at such a time is not a proper subject for envy. In writing of Toronto as a city of churches, the men who, by their faithful discharge of duty and their advocacy and in- fluence, have been to a great extent instrumental in educating the religious element up to the present high standard of church- going in Toronto, ought not to be forgotten. The following are amongst thore to whom much of the credit is due, and as the names are given entirely from memory, and none given whom the writer has not heard preach since 1847, any omission will be overlooked : — BAPTIST. Rev. Messrs. Piper, Fyfe, Caldecott, Castle, and Thomas. CONOREOATIONAL. Rev. Messrs. Roaf, Ellerby, Marling, Lillie, Burton, Powis and Wild. PRESBYTERIAN. Rev. Messrs. Burns, Topp, Barclay, Gregg, Taylor, Parsons, King, McLeod, MacDonnell, Kirkpatrick, Milligan, Robb and Kellogg. ^ ' ■^" EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Bishops Strachan, Bethune, McLean and Sweatnian ; Rev. Messrs. Grasett, Baldwin, Lett, Givens, Sanson, Williams, Dar- ling, Pearson, Scadding, Lewis, Jones, Rainsford, Dumoulin, Langtry, McCollum, McCarrol, Bilkey, Boddy, A. H. Baldwin and Morgan Baldwin. METHODIST. On account of the itinerant system of the Methodist Church, the array of names will necessarily be much greater than of the others. Rev. Messrs. Hetherington, Cooney, Harvard, Richey, Evans, Wood, Rice, Stin.son, Wilkinson, Squire, Bishop, Douse, Douglas, Elliott, Ryerson, Rose, Taylor, Green, Spencer, Sanderson, HP ' I . . , >^^^^l ^^^H ) ' t^^^H 1 ^^1 ^^^^K^' ^'^l^l Wl ' ! ' i-'c^^^^H ■B^^uy^ ' ^^^^Dl 1 '^^^S^^l M '^^^^^H ■ I li! m 264 Toronto "'Called Back" Borland, Howard, Williams, Hall, Lavell, Stevenson, Punshon, Cochrane, McClure, Savage, Potts, Brig^s, Dewart, Dorey, Johnston, Antlifi", S. J. Hunter, W. .1. Hunter, Ciarkson, W. W. Ross, Jeffrey, Jefters, Hannan, Learoyd, McRitchie, Stafford, Poole, Bridgeman, Harper, Laird, Starr, Blackstock, S. P. Rose, and Shorey. '■'yjV'il- r ■ ROMAN CATHOLIC, Not having heard any preachers of this Church except Arch- bishop Lynch and Rev. Mr. Teefy, I can only say that both of these gentlemen are di.stinguished for literary ability and devo- tion to the interests of their Church. The improvement in the numbers and respectability of the worshippers since they were confined to the comparatively in- significant church on Power Street is something marvellous, and no one visiting any of the handsome Roman Catholic churches in Toron*^.o can help being struck with the decorum and reverence observed during the service. ^ CHURCHES. The total number of churches at present in loronto is one hundred and ten, divided as follow ; — Episcopal, 26 ; Presby- terian, 18; Baptist, 11; Methodist, 25"; Roman Catholic, 9 ; Hebrew, 1 ; Congregational, 7 ; Reformed Episcopal, 2 ; Uni- tarian, 1 ; Lutheran, 1 ; Catholic Apostolic, 1 ; Plymouth Brethren, 2; Miscellaneous, 5. ;i I , , . . THE SALVATION TEMPLE. The Salvation Temple just completed is quite an imposing structure with its castellated bastions, combining in appearance the castle, the barracks and the temple. The frontage is 106 feet, with a depth of 100. It is built of red brick with stone facings. A space of 22 feet has been divided off in front to be used as offices. Through this portion three entrances reach the Temple ; the central one being broad and lofty. The height of the ceiling inside is 32 feet, and the width 96, with no roof columns. This is the widest span without support of any From i8jj to 1886. 265 public building in ('annda. The walls are four feet thick, and are capable of stand in . • I Piercing sweet by the river, • ,. ! ^ Blinding sweet, O great god Pan 1 " '* ''^ The sun on the hill forgot to die, •-^' '* !■ And the lilies revived, and the dragon-fly ■ ^ •silv .3'oi:'|?f^ Came back to dream on the river. ' — Elizabeth Barrett Brooming. Prior to the period when the present reminiscences commence there was little to note of the musical history of Toronto. The writer is indebted to the Toronto Mail for some account pre- vious to 1847. It appears by the earliest records, that as far back as 1818 the sole instrumental artist of Toronto was a Mr. Maxwell, distinguished " for his quiet manner, for the shade over one eye, and for his homely skill on the violin.";; ' With military music the townspeople were familiariued by the occasional performances of the regimental bands which were stationed here from time to time. The ecclesiastical music was entirely destitute of organs or melodeons. M 272 Toronto " Called Back. I!vi I"' ^ I'i I-4 _J„, At the Church 01 St. James' a Mr. Hetherington officiated as clerk, and his mode of procedure was to announce the psalm or hymn, give out the tune on the bassoon, and then accompany the vocalists present with original and often grotesque improvi- sations on that instrument. At one time a choir was formeti at this church with a bass viol, clarionet and bassoon as the accompanying instruments. The music was almost entirely confined to the churches that then existed ; the choirs being accompanied by flutes, violins, violoncellos, and occasionally a trombone. It is said that Mr. James Baxter organized and led a. choir at the old Methodist church on King Street, near the present site of R. Hay & Co.'s establishment, in 1831. The first impetus of a permanent character given to music was through the services of the late Mr. John Ellis and Dr. McCaul ; the former distinguished by his performance on the violoncello, with which Toronto audiences were favored gratui- tously for many years, and the latter on the piano, showing himself to be an accomplished musician as well as composer. For many years Dr. McCaul was the patron of every enter- prise 'vhich contributed to the pleasure and advantage of the citizens. No meeting for any object of a literary, benevolent, or plea.surable character was considered complete without the presidency of Dr. McCaul, and whenever he took the lead his felicitous remarks, always mingled with real Irish humor, in- variably resulted in success. Through the influence and efforts of Dr. McCaul, selections from the oratorios were first given in 1 845, in the Parliament Buildings. Monsieur Bley, a talented violinist, was brought over from New York to conduct, and with him were engaged Miss And»'ews, Mi.ss Northrall, and Mr. Miller, as principal vocalists Two concerts were given, which were very suc- cessful and excited great enthusiasm. Dr. McCaul presided at the piano, and the Toronto Mail says, " was received with a burst of applause on making his appearance on the platform." The result of this new venture led to the inception of the idea of establishing a Philharmonic Society. Monsieur Bley, having been induced to remain in Toronto, was appointed conductor of From iSyy to 1886. 273 the new organization, which started in 1846. Dr. McCaul was the President and Mr. Ellis the instrumental manager. This Society gave a concert in the University Hall, Parlia- ment Buildings, on St. George's Day, April 23rd, 1847, a few days after the writer's arrival in the city, for the benefit of the Irish and Scotch relief funds. Among the vocalists were Mr. J. D. Humphreys, who became Toronto's favorite tenor, Mrs. Searle, and Messrs. Ambrose and Barron. After a short stay in Toronto, Monsieur Bley returned to France, and the Society was started afresh in 1848, with Dr. Strathy as vocal conductor and pianist, and Mr. Schallehn as " chef d'attaque " of the orchestra. The first concert was given in the City Hall on the 28th of December, 1849, which created quite an excitement; some of the most difficult morceaux of the great masters were given with fair success. The second of these concerts was given in the Temperance Hall, on the 31st of January, 1850, under the patronage of the Earl and Countess of Elgin. Mr. Schallehn was a clever clarionet player, and was bandmaster of the 71st Regiment. In 1851 the Toronto Vocal Music Society was formed in the room of the old Philharmonic. Dr. McCaul was the President, the late Chief-Justice Draper, Vice-President, and Dr. Clarke, Conductor. At the first of the reunion^; of this Society, in May of that year, the solo vocalists were Miss Davis (afterwards Mrs. F. Thomas) and Miss Harris ; among the choral numbers given was Handel's " Hailstone Chorus," from " Israel in Egypt." These meetings culminated in a public concert in the following December. The programme embraced selections from the works of Handel, Weber, Rossini, and Mendelssohn. The soloists were Miss Davis, Mr. Hecht, baritone, and Mr. T. Cooper, tenor. The second concert was given in June, 1852, in the St. Law- rence Hall, which had just been opened. This concert was given in commemoration of Moore, the poet. Mr. Paige, tenor, and Miss Paige, soprano, made their appearance and became great favorites with the public. •r ■ 1 'I + 1 { T P m- 274 Toro.ito " Called Back.'' Vr' A After this a new organization was formed under the old title of the Philharmonic Society. Dr. McCaul was elected Presi- dent, Mr. Fred. Widder, vocal manager, Prof. Croft, instru- mental manager, Dr. Clarke, conductor, and Mr. F. Griebel* leader of the orchestra. Mr. Griebel, who came to Toronto with the Jenny Lind concert troupe, was one of the greatest violinists ever resident in the city. '/ The first open meeting of this Philharmonic Society was held on the 25th of April, 1854, in the University Hall, Parliament Buildings. On the programme was a symphony of Beethoven's, the " Hallelujah Chorus " from the " Mount of Olives," a cornet solo from Mr. Harkness (bandmaster),the overture to"L'Italiana', and a violin solo, " The dying scene," from " Lucia," by Herr Griebel. At the third meeting, Herr Griebel played De Beriot's first concerto for violin, and one of Paganini's concert solos. The Chorus sang Handel's " Fixed in his everlasting seat." This society next figured at a concert in aid of the patriotic fund for the Crimean War suflTerers, in the St. Lawrence Hall, February, 1885. The programme included the '• Funeral March," by Beethoven, piano solo, Mr. Haycraf t ; song, " Oh, God, pre- serve the mourners," Miss Davis ; solo and chorus, " Qui tollis,' Mr. Hecht ; fantasia, on the"Cujus animam," Mr. Hayter; song " Ruth," Mrs. Beverley Robi v ' n ; song, " I would be a soldier," Mr. L. W. Smith ; piano and 'iolin duo on " William Tell," Messrs. Griebel and Haycraft ; " Heroes of the Crimea," Mr, Humphreys ; piano solo, " La Violette," Mr. Klophel ; song " The sea is Merry England's," Mr. Barron, (then late Principal of the U. C. College). This concert excited unbounded enthusiasm, and was very successful. The patronage of music lovers was at this time diverCed from the society by the introduction of subscription concerts given by Mr. and Miss Paige. This resulted in the fall of the Phil- harmonic Society, and musical matters were comparatively neglected till the arrival of Mr. John Carter, who accepted the post of organist at the Cathedral Church of St. James, then :'f From 1877 to 1886. 275 newly built. Mr. Carter arrived in Toronto in October, 1856, and the aspect of the musical world of Toronto was soon com- pletely changed. Mr. Carter was not long in developing the" resident talent, for in the following year he gave the first oratorio performance ever given in Upper Canada. The oratorio selected was the " Messiah," and was given on the 17th December, 1857. : ' The work was accomplished in twelve weeks, and such was the enthusiasm created, that the concert room was filled to the doors. Mr. Carter was assisted by Herr Griebel, and Messrs. Noverre, Maul, Schmidt, and Martin Lazare, amongst the instrumentalists, and by Miss Davis, Miss Kemp (afterwards Mr.s. Cobban), Miss Robinson, Mrs. Poetter and Mrs. Scott. Among the vocalists were Messrs. Jacob Wright, Sugden, Barron, C. Grasett, Briscoe, Lang, Jas. Baxter and F. Roche. " Judas Maccabeus" was performed in 1858, under the direc- tion of Rev. Mr. Onions, who started an opposition scheme which divided musical society into two parties, known as the Onionites and the Carterites. The feud, however, was of rather an amicable nature. The Rev. Mr. Onions had Mr. Noverre as leader of the band, and Mr. G. F. Graham as organist. His vocalists were Mr. and Mrs. Hickok, Mr. Lindsay, Mrs. Dunlevi, C. J. Martin, Mr. Humphreys, Mr. John Baxter, the [Misses Robinson, Madame Wookey, Mrs. Hastings, Miss Searle, Mrs. Emerson, and Messrs^ Briscoe, Sugden and Vial. The band and chorus were adver- tised as numbering two hundred. At one of these oratorios, the writer and his party sat near a,» gentleman of the legal profession, recently out from Londoni who criticised the performance of each vocalist, and during the performance of one tenor singer, not appreciating his efforts, he made ' imself conspicuous by shrugging his shoulders and screwing up his countenance, a« the same time exclaiming loudly enough to be heard, " Oh, Sims Reeves ! " Having lately heard that celebrated tenor, in Exeter Hall, we could partly sympathize with his feelings, but not so far as to 276 Toronto " Called Back!' Irri * 1 •( ,* i lose the enjoyment of the Toronto performance, which was highly creditable to all concerned. • J • '-''-i:'- The rivalry resul'.ed in each party giving the " Creation." In 1861 Mr. Carter formed the " Toronto Musical Union," and Mr. Onions the " Metropolitan Choral Society," under the direc- tion of Mr. Martin Lazare, a most able musician. Some of the performances of this gentleman on the piano were truly mar- vellovis, especially " medleys " and " fantasia " with one hand. In 1863-4 Mr. Carter, as director of the Musical Union in connection with the Mechanics' Institute, in the Music Hall over the present Free Library, gave occasional concerts ; and among the works produced were the " Messiah," " Judas Mac- cabeus," the "Creation," the " Lay of the Bell," the "Stabat Mater," and the operas " 11 Trovatore," and " Martha." In 1872 Mr. Robert Marshall, in connection with Mr. Alex. Mills, undertook to reorganize the Philharmonic Society, and succeeded in inducinor a sufficient number of instrumentalists and vocalists to combine for this purpose. • Dr. McCaul was appointed President, the veteran Dr. Clarke, Conductor, Mr. Robt. Marshall, Vice-President, and Mr. John Hague, Secretary. The first concert of this new society was given in October, 1872, when the " Messiah " was given in Shaftesbury Hall^ The chorus consisted of twenty-eight sopranos, twenty-six altos, forty-eight tenors, fifty basses, and eight principals — in all one hundred and fifty. ■ " The orchestra, under the direction of Mr. Marshall, consisted of twelve violins, three violas, three basses, two double basses, two flutes, two clarionets, one bassoon, one horn, two trumpets, and two drums — total thirty. The solo vocalists were Messrs. J. G. Sheriff, Marriott, Martin and Pearson, and Mrs. Grassick, Mrs. Cuthbert, Miss Hillary, Miss Clarke and Miss Thomas. The pianist was Mr. H. G. Collins. This was the last occa- sion on which Dr. Clarke conducted at an oratorio. Mr. Marshall wielded the baton, until the arrival of Mr. Torrington in 1873. This event marked a new epoch in the musical history of Toronto. From 1877 to 1886, 277 ^^ ' F. H. TORUIXGTON, This gentleman received his musical training as Cathedral organist, choirmaster, pianist, etc., under James Fitzgerald, of Kidderminster (pupil of Dr. Gorge, Bristol), under whom he was articled for four years. As violinist he was a pupil of Geo. Hayward, Birmingham. In 18.54, Mr. Torrington was- elected a member of the London Societj' of Sciences, Literature I n.i F. H. TORRINUTON. and Arts, for which he has a diploma. i\.fter a .successful career in England he came to Canada, and was engaged in Montreal as organist of Great St. James' Street Methodist Church, a post he held for twelve years. During this period he developed his musical talent, and worked hard to cultivate public taste for the best class of music. For a considerable portion of this time Mr. Torrington was bandmaster of the 2oth Regiment, and as >^M 1^ 278 Toronto '^ Called Back.'" founder and director of various vocal and instrumental societies, his services as solo organist and violinist were in constant de- mand. His reputation brought him to the notice of Mr. Gil more, and he was engaged by that gentleman to form a representative Canadian Orchestra to take part in the fii'st great Peace Jubilee at Boston. During this visit Mr. Torrington was asked by Mr. Gilmore to take up his residence in Boston, and a short time afterwards was offered and accepted the posi- tion of organist and musical director at King's Chapel, wiiich position he left for the one he now holds at the Metropolitan Church, Toronto. During Mr. Torrington's residence in Boston he was engaged as teacher of the piano and organ at the New England Conservatory of Music, solo organist at the Music Hall Concerts, one of the lirst violins in the Harvard Symphony Orchestra, solo organist at the Saturday afternoon organ con- certs in Henry Ward Beecher's Church, Brookl3^n, N.Y., con- currently with Messrs S. P. Warren, Geo. W. Morgan and other eminent organists. His services as conductor of musical societies were in much demand in and around Boston, and in the last Great Jubilee, six societies which Mr. Torrington was conducting took part. In connection with this event he was extensively engaged as conductor of the Mass-rehearsals preparatory to the great gathering of the twenty thousand voices which met to- gether on that occasion. During the period of his residence in Toronto his work speaks for itself, as, in addition to the palpable improvement in church and choir music which he has effected, and the training of pianists, vocalists, organists and choir- masters now to be found occupying positions in Toronto and other Canadian cities, he has produced with large chorus and orchesti'a, through the medium of the Toronto Philharmonic Society, the following works of the Great Masters, many of them heard for the first time in Canada, and some for the first time on this side of the Atlantic : ■ ' Messiah, Elijah, Creation, Lay of the Bell, Fridolin, St. Paul, Stabat Mater, May Queen, Hymn of Praise, Walpurgis Night, Naaraan, Fair Ellen March and Chorus (Tannhauser), March Cortege (Reine de Saba), March and Chorus (Life of the Czar), T? From iSj'/ to i8S6. 279 Miserere Scene (Trovatoie), Mors et Vita, Israel in Egypt, Spring's Message, Bride of Dunkerron, Rose of Sharon, Judas Maccabeus, Gypsy Life, The Last Judgment, Acis and Galatea, Preciosa, Redemption, Rose Maiden, Crusaders. Mr. Torrington is also Conductor of the Hamilton Philhar- monic Society, and in that capacity has produced in Hamilton, Romberg's "Lay of the Bell," " The Messiah," " Elijah," " Hymn of Praise," " Naaman," " Rose of Sharon " and " Samson." And with the Toronto University Glee Club Mendelssohn's music of " Antigone," in the original Greek, and Max Bruch's " Frithjof." CHAMHEli MUSIC. The extent to which classical music is "cultivated in private in the shape of trios, quartettes, and quintettes for stringed and other instruments, is generally considered a fair indication of the degree of musical taste that has been developed in a community. Th!3 earliest quartette party in Toronto consisted of Herr Griebel, firsu violin ; Mr. Noverre, second violin ; Mr. Childs, t"nor, and Mr. Ellis, bass. After the death of Mr. Griebel, a piano quartette party was formed as follows : Mr. Carl Pieler, piano ; Mr. Ernest Pieler, violoncello; Mr, Thomas, tenor, and Mr. Noverre, violin. Although the amateur players on stringed instruuients were few, there were in proportion to their number many fine and valuable instruments amoncj them. Mr. Thomas had the Walmsly bass that belonged to Mr. Ellis (who died in 1877, at the age of 83,) and an Amati tenor ; Mr. Marshall had a beau- tiful Testore ; Mr. E. R. Parkhurst had a Johaine Baptiste Guadagnini, date 1751 ; Mr. H. Parkhurst, a Jacob Stainer, and Mr. Torrington is the owner of an Amati. - . From a host of star artists who have appeared in Toronto since Jenny Lind's arrival, we name the following : Piccolomini, Mario, Santley, Carlotta Patti, Rudersdorff, Parepa Rosa, Catharine Hayes, Cary, Lucca, Canissa, Madame Anna Bishop, Di Murska, Kellogg, Thalberg, Rubinstein, Vieuxtemps (the king of violinists), Arabella Goddard, Wieni- 28o Toronto "Called Back.'' owski, Sauret, II. C Cooper, Lichtenber^', Theresa Liebe^ Alfred Jaell, Camilla Urso, Prinne, Listerman, Kemenyi, Joseffi, Teresa Carreno, Brignoli, Nillson, Lehmann, Musin, Ruminell, Wilhelmj, Fabre, Leopold D'Meyer, Paul Julien, Brega. Among the clubs, the Mendelssohn and Beethoven Quintette, the Dajnrosch and Thomas Orchestras, and Gihnore's Band have appeared from time to time in Toronto. The Toronto Quartette Club is composed of Mr. J. Bayley and Herr Jacobsen, violins ; Mr. Fisher, viola ; and Mr. Correll, cello. '.-■■' -■^■•\::A\ ' ■■j-.:- ■'■•^': -o ■- ',,v'^J :U. > JENNY LIND. The arrival of Jenny Lind, the "Swedish Nightingale," in Anierica, in 1853, created such a sensation as was never known in the musical world. The sale of tickets for her Hrst concert in New York was a great event. The first choice of a seat being set up for competition, was purchased by Genin, the Broadway hatter, for five hundred dollars. 1 - :v,; j?^^ .;:'' On her first appearance she carried all hearts by storm, not for her great beauty, either of face or figure, but the irresistible charm of her simple and natural manner. Once heard, Jenny Lind could never be forgotten. Nor was her wonderful gift as a songstress the only cause of the royal ovations she received wherever she made her appearance. Everywhere she was fairly worshipped for her goodness and benevolence. Although she had hundreds of letters every day asking her for help from all sorts of applicants, no worthy cause was over- looked. Her purse was always open to afford relief, and no request to give her services towards any charitable object was denied. The foundation of the Protestant Orphans' Home in this city is due to her kind-hearted benevolence. In New York espe- cially, the Jenny Lind mania became so strong that fabulous prices were paid for anything that might be preserved as a memento of her visit. It was said that chambermaids at the hotel sold the combiners and even stray hairs from her hair-brushes, at large prices, and so of every article of which she had made use a,t, the table. From j8yj to 1886. 281 Jenny Lind was the first and greatest star artiste Toronto has ever seen. Her one concert was given in the St. Lawrence Hall, in the fall of IS.').'}. Before the time announced, on the sale of tickets at Nord- heimer's, the window shutters were put up, and the door strongly barricaded to keep back the crowd and allow appli- cants to enter in batches. So great was the scramble that coats were literally torn on men's backs ; and to the great amusement of the crowd, one gentleman, determined to secure his prize, hoisted a small boy over the heads of the people, and in this way the boy procured a ticket. The price of admission was ten shillings, or two dollars. Those who were present at the concert will remember her rendering of the simplest and most familiar songs. " Comin' through the rye," and " John Anderson, my Jo," were given, although with a slightly foreign accent, with great beauty and simplicity of expression ; but while the air was so familiar, the variations, from the lowest to the highest range of the voice, were such as were never heard in Toronto, and were perfectly indescribable ; and so of all the other numbers on the pro- gramme. THE " SWEDISH NIGHTINGALE " AT WASHINGTON IN 1853. The immense National Hall was crowded to its utmost capacity, notwithstanding big prices and inclement weather. Among the notabilities in the front seats, were President Fill- more, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay and John Howard Payne. Jenny opened with the " Flute song," her voice contesting rivalry for purity and sweetness with a flute in a duett ; then the once famous " Bird song," and next the " Greeting to America." The volume of plaudits which followed each piece was emphasized by Mr. Webster, who rose and made the singer a profound bow, as if responding for the country to her greeting. In response to a rapturous encore, Jenny Lind turned in the direction of John Howard Payne, the author of the song, and gave " Home, Sweet Home," with all the wonderful tenderness, 19 I' - 282 Toronto " Called Back'' purity and simplicity fitting; both the air and tho words of the familiar song. Before the tirst verse of tho song was completed, tlio audience was fair!}' otF its feet. People ordinarily demon- strative clapped, stamped and shouted as if tliey were mad, and it really seemed as it' the uproar would never end. Meantime, all eyes were turned upon Payno, a small-sized, j^i'ay-iiaired man, who hlushed violently at Hndinij himself the cynosure of so many glances. It was the most thrilling episode in his life. Jenny Lind (Mdme. Goldschnndt) has been importuned by her friends ami admirers to appi-ar once more in public. Her voice is said to have lost none of its sweetness, and to retain much of its power. She sings a good deal in private, so that she has preserved the flexibility of her voice, and tho command of it which made her famous in her younger days. She has finally yielded to the solicitations which have been forced upon her, and has consented to re-appear in a concert in London. This event will take place during the summer season, and is looked forward to with very great pleasure by all musical people in the metropolis. MRS. JOHN BEVERLEY ROBINSON AND MRS. J. 0. BEARD. Any account of the progress of vocal music in Toronto would be incomplete without the name of Mrs. John Beverley Robin- son, wife of the present Lieuttaiant- Governor of Ontario. This gifted and accomplished lady, possessing a Hnc appear- ance and exquisite voice, was ever ready to respond to the call of the citizens on every occision, on behalf of any charitable or benevolent enterprise, and her singing always elicited the most hearty applause. The amounts raised by Mrs. Robinson's services for these noble objects were very large, amounting to many thousands of dollars ; one excellent institution here, " The Home for Incurables," having, in 187+, received the sum of $2,000, the result of one of her charitable concerts. Only a comparatively small number of citizens know how much they From 1877 to 1SS6,. 283 are indebted to this lady for the existence of some of the insti- tutions of our city. ^ ; Mrs. J. G. Beard also contributed larjreiy to the sp.me objects, especially the Girls' Home. Her .services as Icailin;^ soprano in the choir of St. James' Cathedral, as well as at all such concerts a.s have been alluded to, are well known to many in Toronto. As amateurs these ladies have never been surpassed, an God prosper our Dominion fair, Our country and our Queen. At a particular part in the closing verse each child suddenly produced a small Union Jack and waved it in the air. The beautiful sight of 1,200 flags, together with the patriotic senti- ment and excellent singing of the song, created the greatest enthusiasm, and the last verse had to be repeated. It was a pretty sight to .see 2,400 little hands waving in the air in the action songs, led by Mrs. J. L. Hughes, in illustration of the words being sunj; at the same time. At the close of the concert the entire chorus joined in God Save the Queen. THE TORONTO VOCAL SOCIETY, Founded last season by Mr. W. E. Haslam, for the practice of glees and unaccompanied part songs, is the latest enterprise. ii m: !i i , .'! 286 Toronto " Called Back.'' TORONTO CHORAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1879 by Mr. Edward Fisher, and has during its existence performed many of the greatest works of the great composers, including the principal oratorios, compositions for chorus and orchestra, and solos with orchestral accompaniment. ...,,:;,;, THE TORONTO PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY. The principal soloists are Mrs. Bradley, Mrs. (Corlett) Thomp- son, Mrs. Jenkins, Mrs. (Torrington) Ptirker, Miss Hillary, Miss Corlett, Mrs. Caldwell, Mrs. J. B. Baxter, and Messrs. Warring- ton, Blight, Taylor, Curran, Schuch, and Sims Richards. The principal instrumentalists of the Philharmonic Society are : Messrs. Bayley, Jacobsen, R. Cowan, T. Aikenhead, and Mr. Campbell, violins; Mr. Obemer, viola ; Messrs. Correll and Daniels, cellos; Mr. Clnxton, bass ; Mr. Young, trombone ; Mr. Williams, tuba, and Mr. C. Reiddj", tympani. ST. Michael's and st. basil's. In these churches the very highest class of sacred music is performed, under the direction of Vicar-General Laurent. The grand masses of Mozart and Haydn, the Gregorian Chant, and other works of the great masters are given with splendid effect. Mr. Lemaitre is organist of St. Michael's, and amongst the soloists in these churches are Mrs. Petley, Miss Bolster, Mrs. O'Hara, Miss Meyers, Miss Murphy, and Messrs. Ward, Mc- Namara, and McCloskey, vith forty chorus singers. In church music the two organs of 1847 have increa.sed to fully one hundred ; and the choirs are now composed of trained voices from the various musical societies. * The removal of the regular troops from Toronto by the Eng- lish Government caused the want of a military band for several years, the last being that of the 13th Hussars, under command of Colonel Jennings. That want has been well sup- plied of late years by the splendid bands of the volunteers : the Queen's Own, Mr. Bayley bandmaster, and Royal Grena- From iSyy to 1886. 287 diers, with Mr. Toulniin, also the Governor-General's Body Guards, and the Garrison Battery of Artillery. Besides the line band of " C " Company, Infantry School, which completes the list of military bands, there are the bands of Heintzman & Co., the Masscy Manufacturing Co., and Christian Brothers, all of whit 'a contribute to the pleasure of the citizens, and show a wonderful development of rau.sical talent in our midst. ■ '^■'■■"K The Manufacture of Pianos in Toronto. In a work professi of th iderful to give a sketch ot tiie wonc growth and progress of Toronto, and the development of its manufacturing industries, and also of its present character as a "musical city," nothing can be more appropriate than to refer to the manufacture of musical instruments, and especially of pianos. No better evidence of the advancement of Toronto in wealth, culture, and refinement couUl be found than in the existence in her midst of extensive establishments for this branch of manufacture, and in tlie prospect of constantly increasing demand. The specimens forwarded to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition in London must remove every trace of misconception as to the state of society in the Queen City of the West, and of Canada in general, and show a state of educa- tional refinement that no other class of exhibits could possibly do. HEINTZMAN & CO. The first piano made in Toronto was manufactured by Mr. John Thomas, about 1847. In 18G0 Mr. T. A. Heintzman, the founder of this firm, removed to Toronto from Buffalo, where he had been engaged in the manufacture of pianos for the pre- vious ten years. First in connection with Mr. Thomas, and then on his own account, he entered energetically into the business, having no competition in the manufacture of pianos for several years. From that time to the present the growth of the business has been marked by steady progress, and during the past few years has shown an increase of fifty per cent, every year, and especially in the last ten years, has shown a total increase of 800 per cent. I' > 288 Toronto ''Called Back'' Lifi! I*; r J. he present staff numbers one hundred and forty men, who turn out an average of from twelve to fifteen pianos a week. The perfection to which this firm has brought their instruments is shown in the magnificent specimens now being exhibited at the Indian and Colonial Exhibition. These consist of one " concert grand " 'piano, and one " semi-grand," and five differ- ent styles of upright pianos. On the grand pianos there are two very important patents. First, the patent bridge, which gives a very brilliant, distinct and beautiful singing quality to the treble notes. Second, the improved action, which makes it less complicated, and less liable to get out of order. The up- right pianos are all constructed in different styles, and the workmanship and designs of the cases are excellent. One is in American blistered walnut, which looks very neat, and another upright is finished in mahogany and satin wood, with carved fretwork. Another smaller upright piano is got up in a very pretty figured French burl walnut, with beautifully carved trusses. Two more of the ordinary stock pianos are finished in rosewood. All the upr it pianos have Mr. Heintzman's patent desk, a very complete arrangement for support'ng music. Many pro- fessors of music, both in Londo i and elsewhere, have examined these instruments, and pronounce them first-class in every respect. No doubt many of them will find their way into the English and colonial markets. •: J. E. Adkins, Royal College of Music, London, says : " I can bear testimony to the excellence of Messrs. Heintzman & Co.'s piano, both as regards workmanship and tone." Herr Max Bluine, F.S.S., London, from the Conservatory of Music, Leipsic, writes : " Having tried the pianos made by Messrs. Heintzman & Co., at the London and Colonial Exhibi- tion, I must say, without hesitation, that they are, without doubt, to my liking, the finest pianos I have ever tested ; their tone, touch, and mechanicism are perfection, whilst the solidity of their construction and workmanship is the finest I have ever seen in the pianoforte making." Henry Wienkowski,from the Vienna Conservatory, says: "I From iSy/ to 1886. 289 have the most sincere pleasure xn saying that I have never met with a piano I can so confidently recommend for quality of tone and delightful touch, and can really say that it more than surprises me to see that so perfect an instrument is made in Canada. Having travelled through the United States for three years, I had the opportunity of trying the very best American pianos, and gave recitals at Chickering Hall, playing on Stein- way and Weber pianos, and consider the Heintzman piano equal to the very best in the world." The exhibit of pianos has been visited by .several members of the Royal family, including the Crown Princess of Germany, and the Princess Louise, also the ex-Empress Eugenie, all of whom, having tested them personally, have given them unquali- fied praise. Before the Toronto Industrial Exhibition opened, these pianos always took first prize at Provincial Exhibitions, and at the Industrial have carried off first honors, also medals at Centennial in Philadelphia, and Sydney, N. S. W. ■-■"'■■' ■\i'', MASON .fr RISC IT. " Triumphant succe.ss ! Our pianos are greatly admired for their true tone quality and beauty of design. The Queen, Princess Louise, and other members of the Royal party delighted with them," were the contents of a cable despatch from London to the above firm, on the opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition. > • - ■ . ; .: ■- ^ " ? ■" ■ - ' ; This exhibit is displayed within a handsome canopy, occupy- ing six hundred square feet of space, and consists of eight pianos. Four are out of the ordinary'- stock, two being up- rights, one a concert upright, and one a grand. Of the other four it may be said, they are magnificent and beautiful speci- mens of workman.ship : one is a finely polished mahogany grand, .supported on elegantly carved legs. Around the sides run eleven carved panels, each of a different design. Two other pianos are uprights, one finished in silver and green, the other in gold and olive, both elaborately and delicately carved 'r"'ijt< f^ 290 Toronto " Called Back." and fretted in metal and wood carving. The last is a polished walnut upright of fine finish and tone. .4/ - ; ; ' * . o v' fv The pianos of Mason & Risch are noted for their rich, sympa- thetic, and flute-like tone quality and durability. The busi- ness was established in 1871, and assumed the present style in 1878, during which time it has steadily increased, till at present one hundred hands are employed in all the branches. From the commencement of the business, the aim of Mason & Risch has been to secure a substantial and enduring success by deserving it. The Mason & Risch " Parlor Grand Pianos," are instruments of the highest artistic excellence. In their develop- ment the best scientific skill of the firm has been employed, and in the results attained, it is safe to say that new problems in tone science have been successfully solved. Musicians who have examined these instruments are unani- mous in their expressions of praise; the great master, Dr. Franz Liszt, pronouncing them " excellent, magnificent, unequalled." As a token of his high appreciation, he had his portrait painted by Baron Joukovsky, son of the renowned Russian author, and personal instructor of the Emperor Alexander TI., and presented to the firm. This portrait is now in London in connection with the Piano Exhibit. At the Toronto Exiiibition in 1879 the Mason & Risch pianos obtained two special diplomas and the gold medal. From their manifold excellence of tone, touch and workman- ship, the Mason & Risch pianos have received from the highest musical authorities in Europe, United States and Canada, the most unqualified recognition. ■ ; n The Mason & Risch factory is one of the most extensive in the country, and is complete in every department. It is sup- plied with the best labor-saving machinery, and with every facility for superior production. The lumber yard is stocked with the best material, which is seasoned for three or four years before being used, and in addition has been subjected to a patent drying process, for the use of which the firm has iiad a large royalty. Fro7n i8yy to 1886 291 f. OCTAVIUS NEWCOMBE d- 00. . - • This firm does not claim to be one of the pioneers of piano manufacturing in Toronto, but to have commenced operations with all the benefit of the experience gained by experiments made previously in piano building. In 1871 Mr. Newcombe, with two others, established a first-class pianoforte business in Toronto. It was contiruied with success during a partnership of seven years, after which the firm assumed its present stjde. Beginning in a careful way, with a staff of skilful and experi- enced artisans, their aim was to manufacture a superior class of pinafortes, strong, durable, and of true musical quality, that would in time take the place of the costly American instru- ments, and supersede the inferior ones, whether of Canadian or foreign make. By adopting the latest and most approved sj'stem of construction, endeavoring to produc" only the very best grade, and sparing no expense in making any possible improvement, their pianos have gained a position and reputa- tion that has secured for them an increasinjx demand. Their factory is conducted on the principle of a division of labor, the work passing through man}' hands before it is com- pleted, each man being required to make his part perfect before it is received by the next, and each department being in charge of an experienced foreman, and all under the supervision of the firm. As their pianos have become known, their merits have been recognized and acknowledged by the musical public. They have been selected by teachers for their own use, and for the severe work of schools, convents and colleges, which is the best evidence of their substantial character, thoroughness aud durabilitj', as well as their superiority in touch and tone. A tone clear and liquid in the treble, mellow and well sustained in the centre, and resonant in the bass, and affording in all the registers a harmony clear and equal, and of that sympathetic nature which, under the hands of an artist, arouses the enthu- siasm of the listener, and demonstrates that the Newcombe pinafortes are unsurpassed in these qualities. At the World's Exhibition in New Orleans, in 1885, a striking imt B 292 Toronto " Called Back!' illustration of this effect occurred in a piano recital by Mrs. Marguerite Samuel, whose great talent as a pianist was recog- nized by all musicians in that city. The programme selected was strictly musical. The vast space of the building did not prevent her finesse of execution and delicacy of tenor being immediately apparent to her critical audience. All the num- bers were choice and conscientiously rendered. There was the prayer of Lohengrin, arranged by Liszt, with its orchestral tones and immense difficulties ; Weber's Barcarole of Oberon, full of poesy ; the Polonaise of Chopin, brilliant and at the same time thoughtful ; Les deux Alouettes of Lecktizki, a warble of birds in springtime, with fresh perfumes in it of vernal breezes ; the Rondo Capricioso of Mendelssohn, ideally repre- sentative of that composer's dreamy and finished style ; and the " Suis moi " of Gottschalk, so passionately nimble. Here was enough to try not only the best piano, but even the distinguished pianist. Both stood the test victoriously. The " Newcombe " piano expressed all that was asked : the vigorous sonorities of Wagner, the agility and brilliancy of Liszt, the thoughtfulness of Chopin, the grace of Weber, the sparkling melody of Lecktizki, the sweetness and polish of Mendelssohn, and the passionate lightness of Gottschalk. The Musical Courier, of New York, says of the Newcombe pianos exhibited at New Orleans : " Toronto is noted for its advancement in education and musical taste, and has, within the last decade, made remarkable progress in manufactures, and is now the centre of pianoforte industry of Canada. There are a number of piano factories in Toronto making the various styles of these instruments, and doing such a successful business that the importation of instruments from Europe has almost ceased. The enterprise of Messrs. Newcombe & Co., and their confi- dence in the substantial character of their work, is shown by the fact of their placing their pianos where they can be com- pared with the best instruments of United States makers. ^' The style of these pianos indicates a Northern degree of solidity and strength that ensures durability, and they possess From iSyy to iS86. 293 a pleasing symmetry of design at once graceful and appropriate. The woods used in the cases are American wave walnut, and French burl, an agreeable change from rosewood. The actions of these pianos are creditable specimens of material and work- manship, and give a full round satisfying tone which is much admired." The Newcombe pianofortes sent to the Exhibition in Lon- don comprise some half-dozen instruments selected from their regular styles. From a musical point of view these pianos are magnificent specimens of skill and industry, and will, no doubt, create as favorable an impression in London as they did at the World's Exposition, New Orleans, 1884-5. In external appear- ance they are everything that could be desired, evidencing the practical good taste for which the firm has already earned a good reputation. The large grand and small parlor grand are both in rosewood, the latter being an exceedingly pretty model. One upright is chiefly of French burl walnut, relieved with plain walnut, so as to set off the rich coloring and figuring of the natural burl in fine relief. Another upright is in mahogany — a richly-panelled design, some fine emblematical carving in the centre panel, but with a fret running straight across the front of the upper frame ; brass continuous hinges and cande- labra are attached at each side to a fret work of crystals. The design is both unique and elegant to a degree. The other styles are in rosewood and American wave walnut, and are chaste and beautiful in appearance, and perfect in tone and finish. On " awards on musical instruments " at New Orleans, the Times-Democrat says: "The Newcombe Pianoforte heads the list with the first silver medal, and jurors' report of commenda- tion for construction, quality of material, workmanship, even tone throughout the instrument, and general excellence from a musical as well as a mechanical point of view. This is a genuine triumph for the manufacturers, who have not only had to compete with other foreign makers, but with the wealthy and enterprising exhibitors from the great centres of pianoforte manufacture in the United States, New York, Boston and Baltimore." 294 Toronto ^' Called Back!' w LANSDO WXE PI A NO CO. Messrs. A. & S. NordheiiiKr having acquired such high reputa- tion for American pianos of the uiost celebrated uiai 'Kl i--1: i "■ Toronto a Literary City. Were Toronto to be judged by the number of people who read the party polHical articles in the daily papers, it would rank high in the scale of literature, and if the demand for works of fiction were a proof of literary taste, then our Public Library and its branches would bear testimony that the citizens of Toronto were a truly intellectual people ; but while these tests may be applied to indicate the taste of the majority, and would certainly show the tendency to be in the line of both of these habits, it is a pleasing fact that a large number culti- vate a taste for literature for its own sake, and for the improve- ment of their minds. The number of noi^ -political newspapers, and of those repre- senting the various religious denominations, is as great as in any other city of its population. The number of book .stores and publishing houses, together with the large amount of books imported throughout the year, is a good indication of the extent of the private libraries which exist in the city and of the num- ber of their readers. It cannot be said that, in proportion to the population, there is a greater taste for literature than in previous years. Although there was no literary institution of a popular char- From iSyj to ib86. 299 acter, except the Mechanics' Institute, that was always well patronized, and the averajre intelligence of the people of Toronto was quite equal to what it is at the present time, at least in book literature. While efforts were made to encourage a taste for reading generally, especial attention was given by the man- agers of the Mechanics' Institute to impart technical knowledge. Nor was the cultivation of tlie faculties for appreciating the beautiful in art, thought and feeling, as well as for enjoying the truths of physical science, neglected. That elegant and reflective literature which tends to moralize, to soften and adorn the life and soul of man, and the helles lettrea, which operate for the advancement of the mental condition of the middle and humbler classes of society, might now as well as then hold a higher place in public estima- tion, and with advantage be more generally called into practical requisition. The Canadian Institute, which now ranks so high as a literary and scientific institution, did not come into existence till 1849, since which time it has done much in the higher sphere of literature, and takes the highest rank amongst Canadian literary societies. Amongst the literati of Toronto may be named Drs. Wilson, Scadding, Loudon, Hodgins, and Withrow, and Prof. Goldwin Smith, who is contributing largely to the literature of the city. The Week newspaper, of which he is editor-in-ciuef, holds a place between the ordinary newspaper and the maga- zine ; the latter being represented by only one, The Canadian Methodist Magazine, which is alike creditable to the publishers, the contributors, to Toronto and the Dominion. It is an interesting question, whether the taste for solid read- ing is more cultivated amongst the young men of 1880 than those of 1847 and whether their general intelligence is greater. The number of amusements and attractions of various kinds which Toronto now affords may have a tendency to reduce the hours spent in study, and thereby prevent the acquisition of knowledge which, in the absence of these surroundings, made the old Mechanics' Institute itself the leading attraction for young men. It cannot be denied that the newspaper is the great educator i inMS 4 •ri > 'r 300 Toronto ''Called Back'' of the nineteenth century, and that no literary power can com- pare with it. Rev. Dr. Talmage says: "The newspaper is the 'fl3-ing roll' of the Apocalypse. It is book, pulpit, and platform, all in one. And there is not an interest, religious, literary, commercial, scientifical, agricultural or mechanical, that is not*within its grasp. All our churches, schools, colleges, asylums, and art galleries feel the quaking of the printing press. The vast majority of citizens do not read books. " How many treatises on constitutional law, or political economy, or works of science are read ? How many elaborate poems or books of travels ? How much of Boyle, or De Tocqueville, Xenophon, Herodotns, or Percevil ? Whence, then, this intelligence and the capacity to talk about themes secular and religious — the acquaintance with science and art — the power to appreciate the beautiful and the grand ? "Next to the Bible, the newspaper, — swift-wingf 1 ar , .vary- where present, flying over fences, shoved under the door, tossed into counting-houses, laid on the work bench, read by all — white and black, German, Irishman, Spaniard, American, old and young, good and bad, sick and well, before breakfast and after tea, Monday morning, Saturday night, Sunday and week- day. The man who neither reads nor takes a newspaper is a curiosity." The literary taste of the people of Toronto may be judged by the value of the importation of books for the year ending 81st December, 1885. The value for the first quarter was $47,761 ; the second, $50,070 ; third, So7,234, and fourth, $63,299, makin- a total of $218,370, or an average of two dollars a head of tl; • population. The addition of the value of bookr; published in Canada would show a considerable increase in the amount. The Globe and Mail. These two great leading political papers — the former repre- senting the Liberal Reform, and the latter the Liberal Con- servative party — are published dailyj morning and evening, and also weekly. Both wield an immense influence, and have extensive circulation throughout the Dominion, and also n From i8jj to 1886. 301 Great Britain. For literary talent and enterprise, these papers compare with the first-class leading press of New York and London, nothing being wanting to furnish the latest news through the associated press despatches, and through special correspondents, several times a day. The Globe newspaper contains its own history. THE OLOBE BUILDINO. From 1847 to the time of his death, the writer had a good opportunity of observing the career of the late Hon. George Brown. While the principle of da mortuis, nil nisi bonum was not adhered to in his paper, it is only just to say of himself, when he is gone, that, apart from politics, he was a man highly respected for every generous and noble quality. He was genial and pleasant in manner, honorable in his dealing?., kind and benevolent in disposition. »:il |:| M St:' U<- i 302 Toronto ''Called Back.'' In the days when business men were thrown together in the Montreal steamers for a couple of days at a time, the writer has spent pleasant hours in his company, in conversation and chess playing, a game in which he excelled. The glory of his career cul- minated in his coalescence with Hon. John A. Macdonald and the other gentlemen who founded the Confederacy, and the paint- ing now opposite the main entrance to the Parliament Buildings, in commemoration of the great event, and in which the Hon. George Brown is one of the most prominent figures, will perpetuate his name even more than the monument to his memory in the Queen's Park THE MAIL BUILDING. luTorOntO. The World and News. The World has well supplied a want previously felt, in the shape of a one-cent morning paper, and is remarkable for the full reports of all leading topics, as well as ably written edi- torials, which display a large amount of literary ability and sound connnon sense, on all questions of the day. The News is the only one-cent paper published both morning and evening, and is fast rising in importance, and shows a rapidly increasing circulation both in and around the city. The Evening Telegram. The Evening Telegram has for some years past been com- monly recognized by the public as the principal paper in Toronto. It is now in the ninth year of its existence. The first number was issued on the 17th April, 1876, and from that ill "V-M From i8yy to 1886. 503 time down to the present fix editions of it have appeared every afternoon, except on Sundays and holidays. It was founded by its present proprietor, Mr. John Ross Robertson, who had previou.sly been connected with several newspaper enterprises in Toronto, and had acquired a reputation as an energetic and capable man of business. During the first year of its existence it was issued at two cents. It filled an acknow- ledged want in local journalism, and met with considerable success from the first. In 1877 the price was reduced to one cent, and the effect was at once apparent in a largely extended circulation, which, from that time forward, grew with rapid strides. Advertising patronage was a necessary accompaniment of increased circulation, and by the time the paper had been established three years it had begun to yield a large and lucra- tive revenue from this source. Of late years it has been subjected to very keen rivalry, but as a local advertising medium it has fully held its own, and is to-day one of the most profitable newspaper enterprises in Canada. It is read by people of all classes, and is more extensively sold on the streets and in the news stores tlian any other paper in the city. Its present circulation ranges from 17,000 to 19,000 ; on Saturdays it runs up to 21,000 and 22,000. The Telegram was the first daily paper started in this Province on independent or non- partisan political principles. From the date of its first issue until now it has kept itself entirely untrammelled by party ties, and has always been ready to award its approval or its censure upon considerations of merit alone. Speaking in general terms, its pervading tone is decidedly liberal, but it is in no sense the organ of any hard-and-fast school of politicians, and it criticises both sides with the utmost freedom. It has from the first devoted special attention to municipal matters, a feature which has had no slight share in contributing to its very remarkable pecuniary success. It has also been noteworthy for the freshness and comprehensiveness of its local news, in which respect it has generally distanced its larger and older contemporaries. Its editorial notes and articles are light and readable, the writers carefully avoiding the ponderous, unwieldy mm' ft I if!''' % nr |5 «? THE TELEGRAM BUILDING. From iSyy to iS86. 305 style which mars the effect of so many of the articles in the morning dailies. The fine building in which the Tdc(jra^n\\h,9,\i^ headquarters, at the south-west corner of King and Bay Streets, was erected expressly for its accommodation. The structure was completed in 1881, and was fitted up with all the latest im- provements, and with little regard to the mere question of expense. The counting-room and the private offices are the handsomest for their size of any in Canada, and the private office of Mr. Robertson is considered by connoisseurs the most artistically furnished office in the Dominion. Indeed, outside of one or two offices in New York and Philadelphia, there is no office in America that will compare with the private office of the TelcgraTn. Within its walls there are thousands of dollars' worth of statuary, oil paintings, etchings and bric- a-brac. The etchings of the " Breaking up of the Agamemnon," and " A Lancashire River," by the celebrated etcher, Seymour Haden, are gems ; and an oil painting entitled " The old Poli- tician," by Guzzardi, is regarded as one of the finest specimens of that kind of work in the Dominion. This office also con- tains a marble bust entitled " The Coquette," a veiled figure, by Bazzanti, of Florence, which is so perfect that the lines of the face may be seen distinctly through the marble veil. The velvet decorations, and the leaded glass screen which separates the private office from the main office, are highly commendable pieces of work. The furniture is in keeping. The front office is finished in cherry, mahogany,' and Hungarian ash, and the ceiling and cornices, in plaster, are so finished in detail and design, that they attract the attention of not only those who are interested in that kind of work, but the thousands of visitors who yearly visit the office to inspect its contents. The Telegram is printed on a Scott Webb Perfecting Press, which has capacity for printing from 25,000 to .30,000 impressions per hour. The appointments of the establishment are fully com- mensurate with the spirit of enterprise which characterizes the general management. The editorial department is, beyond comparison, the most comfortable to be found in the city. The tn i ;| ' E> -II- 306 Toronto " Called Back." library and chief editor's room are artistically furnished, and no expense has been spared to render them pleasant for the gentle- men who occupy them. Of the business of the Telegram, it is almost unnecessary to write. It is not an unusual thing of a Saturday to see sixteen to eighteen columns of the paper occu- pied by small type advertisements, varying from one to three lines each. The returns from this source are considerable, and it has been stated that they average over one hundred dollars a day which is certainly a large amount for a paper published in Toronto. Take it all for all, the Evening Telegram, is an honorable monument to the energy and enterprise of its pro- prietor. The " Christian Guardian " and Methodist Book and Publishing House. The Christian Guardian, the chief paper of the Methodist Church in Canada for many years, and now the sole organ of United Methodism in Ontario, Quebec, the Northwest, and British Col-umbia, was started in the fall of 1829. Its first editor was the late Dr. Egerton Ryerson. In 1879 the pre.sent editor. Dr. Dewart, issued a jubilee number, for which Dr. Ryerson wrote an article, giving an account of the origin of the paper. He took the long and toilful journey to New York to obtain printing material, spending six days and nights between Lewiston and New York. The first number of the paper was issued on November 22, 1829. During these early years the Guardian did valiant battle for equal religious rights and privileges. Dr. Ryerson was editor for nearly nine years with some breaks, which were filled by Revs. James Richardson, Franklin Metcalf, and Ephraim Evans. In the earlier years of the Guardian, before the establishment of the political papers that have since become famous, it was a leading organ of public opinion in a greater degree than since it has become more strictly a religious paper. During its whole course it has vigorously contended for all moral and social reforms, as well as defended the doctrines and usages of From 1877 to 1886. 307 Methodism. Of the editors wliich succeeded those already named the Rev. Jonathan Scott was in office four years ; the Rev. Geo. F. Playter two years ; the Rev. G. R. Sanderson five years ; the Rev. James Spencer nine years ; the Rev. Dr. Jeffers nine years ; the Rev. Dr. Dewart, at the present date (1886), has been in office seventeen years. REV. EGERTON RYERHON, D.P. Tlom iSyy to 1886. grand or year ontrcal. 15 ), *18,- titreal ; )ve, in «t ten luring- ;ek of m, „ "^^e Arcade. Ane front entrance is on v ■f ™.-.-ng cut stone ae J Xtr': '» "- beauty of which V.,N,;k .sTHKKT AR,.Ai,K ^^t'^:::;z^irr^ -"^ -- -' - ^et „. hope that i„ thffuTu t t wm • ^' """"• """ ^'"'"o- ■>es.s, when every .pot ^i,, bef^,,''*'" ""='^'<= m attractive- of resort not unlike the PaiaL t^rrPal""''"^ " " •"- 332 Toronto " Called Back.'' i 1 ' Summer Resorts. queen's park. Just west of the Osgoode Hall on Queen Street West will be found a beautiful avenue of nearly a mile in length. Chestnut and maple trees Hank the carriage drive and pathway, which in the vista open out upon the Queen's Park. Going north the intersection of the Yonge Street Avenue is reached, and we pass from the grateful shade of the long line of chestnuts into the verduous sunlight of the open Park, one hundred acres in all, including the University grounds, which have been fenced off from the city property. The Park is a favorite resort dur- ing the hot weather, and contains the University Buildings, Observatory (Meteorological Office), Wycliffe College, Volun- teers' and Hon. George Brown's monuments, and a score of beautiful villas ; it is also the site selected for the erection of the new Provincial Parliament Buildings. EXHIBITION PARK. These grounds, originally used exclusively by the Industrial Exhibition Association, have for some time been thrown open to the public all the year round, except for two weeks in Sep- tember, during the Exhibition. Under the superintendence of Mr. Chambers, the Commis- sioner of Parks, these grounds have assumed a most beautiful appearance, being laid out in the most artistic manner as land- scape gardens, and having a profusion of shrubs and flower- beds, which increase in beauty from season to season. Further improvements are in progress this season — new roads are being made, new sidewalks laid down, a number of new flower-beds have been formed, and the whole of the grounds will this year present a more beautiful and attractive appearance than they have at any previous Exhibition. LORNE PARK. This favorite resort is beautifully situated on the north shore of Lake Ontario, fourteen miles from Toronto, and can be reached in twenty-five minutes by rail, or forty-five minutes by From iSyj to 1886. lill llbe itnut rhich lortb id we i into -es in enced b dur- dings, ^olun- ;ore of iion of ilustrial n open n Sep- lommis- sautiful land- Iflower- -new \ber of I of the tractive shore lean be lutes by- water. It coinniands a splendid view of the lake. It has recently been laid out in cottage and camp lots, of which there are two hundred, with main avenue of one humlred feet, and streets of sixty-six feet, leaving fifty acres for recreation grounds. The grounds will be lighted by electricity, a proper water supply and system of drainage arranged for, and everything has been done to make this the most pleasant summer re.sort in Ontario. No intoxicating liquor will be allowed to be sold on the grounds, or on the steamer plying to the park. Oanadian Pacific Railway. On the first of November a message was received by the Governor-General at Ottawa from Her Majesty, congratulating the Dominion Government on the accomplishment of the great work ; and on the ninth of the same month, Sir John A. Mac- donald received a telegram from Mr. Van Home, and the Pre- mier of British Columbia, congratulating him on the completion of the C.P.R. Mr. Sandford Fleming also telegraphed, stating that the first through train had accomplished the journey from Montreal to Vancouver in five days, find that the trip would shortly be accomplished in four days. At a banquet given in Montreal to Sir George Stephens and Hon. D. A. Smith, the former said in his speech : " When Sir John A. Macdonald stated in London that the termini of the Canadian Pacific Railway were Liverpool and Hong Kong, he was not indulging in a fiight of eloquence. He was stating in simple language a .sober fact. By the proposed line of steamers from Vancouver to the far East, the crossing point ol: the Canadian Pacific Railway will be reached. In 1861 it took from ten to twelve days for troops to be conveyed from Halifax to Quebec. In 1870, during the Red River rebellion, it took eleven weeks from Quebec to Red River, and ninety-five days from Toronto to Winnipeg. Now the whole distance can be traversed in six days. Troops and stores can reach the Pacific coast from Liverpool in thirteen or four- teen days. ^, m In 338 Toronto "Called Back.'' From tlu; continent of India, including' the newly annexed Kinj^doin of Burrnah, have poured in countless treasures of gold, Hilver, jewels, diamonds, ivory, silk and gold embroideries, shawls, tapestries, and other fine manufactures of fabulous value. From " Ceylon's Isle," where the spicy breezes blow so softly, have come coffee and spices, and from the land '* Where the featliery palm trees riue, And the (late gmwH ripo under sunny skies ; And midst the green islands of glittering seas, VViiere fragrant forests perfume the breeze ; And strange, briglit birds, on tlieir starrv wings. Bear the rich lines of all glorious things ; And from far away, in this region old, Where rivers wander o'er seas of gold, Where the burning rays of the ruby shine, And the diamond lights up the golden mine, And the pearl gleams forth from the coral strand." Will come all that the imatrination can conceive of, or the Arabian Nights have pictured of richness, grandeur, magni- ficence and luxury. From Australia, embracing New South Wales, Van Dieman's Land and New Zealand, have been sent the great natural productions of these vast countries, — animals and their produce, in the shape of wool, meats and chee.se, and the celebrated woollen manufactures of Nelson, with a variety of other speci- mens worthy of a gi-eat nation. The gold fields of Australia, already represented in the Crystal Palace at Sydenham by a pyramid showing the bulk of gold shipped to England, from its first discovery up to a comparatively recent period, exhibit much that is still more magnificent. From Africa have been sent ostrich feathers, coffee and ivory, and men of every shade, from the dark Hottentot to the European colonist, unite to make their very best display. And so, fron) the isles of the sea, Newfoundland, Bermuda and the West Indian Lsland.s, and some in the Pacific Ocean, From 1877 to 1S86. 339 have vied with the other in this great peaceful and brotherly rivalry. The representation of the great Dominion of Canada, the brightest jewel in the Imperial Crown, is already assure in Toronto of the Governor- General and Lady L;in,sdowne t. make the presentation. This interesting even*^. took place on the 4th of May, at a conver- sazione given in the Normal School buildings ; the proceedings being interspersed with vocal and instnnuental selections. The recipients of medals were connected with the Normal and Model Schools, the Art k^ehool, Public and Separate Schools, Collegiate Institute and various Colleges, School of Practical Science and Toronto University, and exhibitors of school supplies, books and mu.sical instruments, and proved a most interesting occasion ; the principal f(,'ature being the address of His Excellency on fine arts, which was replete with informa- tion and both complimentary and encouraging to the students. An interesting 'iescription of the arrangement of the educa- tional exhibits and the general etl'ect was given by Dr. S. Passmore May, who was the Comunssioner in charge, under the direction of Hon. G. W. Rosx, Minister of Education. Dr. May has published a complete report, and also a catalogue of the whole educational exhibits, which are very valuable and inter- esting. i •1 1 1 M i 350 T/ie Queens Jubilee and The number and variety of Toronto exhibits reflect pjreat credit on our manufacturers and artists, whose names are worthy of being placed on record, and are hereby given, all of whom have also received medals and diplomas. Abell, .John Mauliinery and Iinnleinenti'. Acme Silver (.'0 Silver-plated Ware. Allcoek, Laight & Westwood Fishing Tackle. Allen & Co., W. H Flavoring Kxtracts. Anglo-American Art Co (Jolora for Artists. Uoeckli & Sons, Charles Brushes, Brooms, VV^oodware. Booth k Son Copper and Brass ( Jooils. IJrown Brotiiers Account Books, Diaries, Leather Goods. Brown, James Stamls and Elevators for Maps. Bruenech, (J. R. . Paintings. Camp))ell & Son Photographs. Canada Printing Ink Co Printing Inks. Canada Scliool Publishing Co School Books. Canadian Manufacturer Publishing Co. Specimen Sheets of Canadian Mann factvrer. Cheeseworth, J. W Clothing of Canadian Cloth. Cheeseworth, W. L Tailors' Compendium. Christie, Brown & Co Biscuits. Clarke & Co, A. R Morocco, Goat and Calf Leathers. Cluthe, Charles Ventilator, Chandelier, and Trusses. Coblian Manufacturing Co Picture Frame Mouldings. Cooper & Sn)ith Boots and Shoes. Cojip, ( lark & Co School Books. Cronipton Corset Co Corsets in Satin and Jean. Cross, William Canadian Birds and Mammal?. Dack & Son, E Boots and Shoes. De la Salle Institute Photograph. Department of Education Organization, Methods and Appliances, Apparatus and Models, Drawings, School Materialand Pupils' Work. Dodge Wood Split Pulley Co Patent Wooden Belt Pulley. Dubois, Louis E Model of Plough for Ditching. Dubois & Son, Mrs Ostricii Feathers Dyed, Feather Trim- mings. Edv>'ards, \\ Books of Mechanics' Institutes. Elliott & Co Linseed and its products. Fletcher, John Refrigerators. Forbes, J. C, R.C.A Paintings. Gage & Co., W. J School find College Books. Garrod & Co Sauces and Pickles. Gibson, J . Brick. Toronto " Called Bad'.'' 351 ( lofxk'iham & Worts, (Limited) Cniiiuliaii Malt ami Rye Whiskey. (iiip Printing ami I'uhlisliiiig Co. . . . liooks, Framuil Pictures. Heap's Dry Earth Closet Co Drv Earth Closets. Heiutzmaii & Co Pi.inos. Imluatrial Art School Fancy Needle Work. Inglis & Hunter Steam Engines. .Tones, J. L Wood -engraved Blocks. Jones, John Red Brick. Kindergarten Schools Children's Work. Land) & Co., Peter R Glue, Blacking, Fertilizers. Lan.sdowne Piano Co Piano.s. Leon & Co., L. K Patent Adjustment in Eye (llasses. Lindsay, J. A Magnetite. Loretto Ahbey Oil Paintings, Water Colors, Crayon Drawings, Embroidery, Wax Work. MeCausland & Son, Joseph Stained ( Jlass. McFiirlane, McKinlay & Co Window Shades. Map & SelK)ol Supply Co School Maps and Appaiatus. Marshall, George C Hat and Coat Rack. Martin, T. M. , R.C. A Paintings. Ma.son & Riseh Pianos. Massey Manufacturing Co Agricultural Implements. May, S. Passmore, M.D A Red Deer. May & Co., Samuel Billiard Tables. Methodist Book & Publishing 'Ho. ise. Printing, Binding, Electrotyping and Stereotyping. Morrison, James (iauges, Counters, etc. Morse Soap Co Soaps. Newcombe k Co. , Octavius Pianos. O'Brien, L. R., P. R.C. A Paintings. Ontario Lead and Barb Wire Co.... Barb Wire Fencing. Ontario Pump Co vStandanl Pumping Windmill. Ontario School of Art Drawings, Modelling, Carving, etc. Ontario Veterinary College Photographs. Peard, Jessie M Panel Screen, painted in oils. Pcrre, H., R.C. A Paintings. Piper & Son, Noah L Street Lamps, Lawn Seats. Rawbone Keyless Stretcher Co Patent Keyless Artists' Stretchers. Rawlinson, P ^Lantelpiece. Reid, G. A. , A. R C. A Painting. Robertson Brothers Confectionery. Rodwell, (ieorge T. R ILand Stamp for Etching. Rolph, Smith & Co Lithographing, Wood and Copperplate Engraving. Rosebrugh, Dr. A. M Mechanical Telephone, exchange system. Schlicht & Field Co. (Limited) Office and Labor Saving Furniture. *ll IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // o -/^ !.0 I.I If 1^ H^ 2.0 1.8 !.25 1 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► V] <^ n / 'c^l 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation m-^ ^>\ .^•\ ^ V 6^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSBO (716) 873-4503 L

or Castle. MESSRS. OCTAVIUS NEWCOMBE & CO. This firm also had the honor of Her Majesty's command that one of their grand pianos be sent to Windsor Castle to be placed in the Queen's Audience Chamber. The instrument was selected by Sir Arthur Sullivan, and his judgment was confirmed by Dr. Stainer, organist of St. Paul's Cathedral. R. S. WILLIAMS & SON. Her Majesty chose one of the pianos of this firm for Windsor Castle. The selection was made by Mr. Dyson, cl' Windsor, specially appointed tuner to the Queen, their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, and the Duchess of Albany. ' ' Orders for various classes of manufactured goods were received by Toronto firms, amongst which were the .Massey Manufacturing Co., for agricultural implements; McFarlane, McKinlay & Co., for window shades ; Joseph McCausIand and Son, for stained glass ; Messrs. J. & J. Taylor, for safes, which have been shipped to Australia, Great Britain and Ireland ; and a profitable trade may be looked for in our various branches of manufactures as the result of the display made at the Exhibition. - The financial results of the Exhibition have been extremely satisfactory. The report of the Finance Committee shows a clear surplus of £32,235. This resolt is largely due to the anceasing pains taken by the Prince of Wales to forward the ) 4; %. ^ i I w i- ml 2 4i'S'' I .. mm HON. SIR CHARLES TUPPER G.C.M.G., C.B. (Hi^h Commissioner for Canada in London); Executive Comi^iissioner. i''. !*;■■! '->,< Toronto '* Called Back'' 355 interests of the Exhibition. Of this sum £2',000 is assigned to the Imperial Institute, which is the successor and natural heir of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition. HON. SIR CHARLES TUPPER, G.C.M.G., C.B. All the exhibitors from Toronto speak in the highest terms of the indefatigable exertions, inexhaustible patience, and uni- form courtesy displaj-ed by Sir Charles Tupper during the exhibition. Rebellion of 1837. In the session of Parliament at Toronto, in 1836-37, Dr. Rolph used the following language : " Our geographical situa- tion is singular. To the south we are barred from the Atlantic coast by the American Republic ; to the north and north-west you pass through barren lands to mountains covered with everlasting snows, and among Indian tribes unknown ; and to the east we are intercepted by the sister Province, the very Province with which it is proposed to unite us." The state of political affairs may be judged from the language used at this time by an English organ of the Opposition : " Henceforth there must be no peace to the Province ; no quarter for the plunderers ; agitate ! agitate ! ! agitate ! ! ! Destroy the revenue ; denounce the oppressors. Everything is lawful when the fundamental liberties are in danger. The Guards die ; they never surrender." At public meetings the Imperial resolutions were denounced as a brench of faith and a violation of right. Resolutions were adopted to use as little as possible of imported articles paying duty, and to raise a Papineau tribute in imitation of O'Connell's Repeal Rent. Such was the state of affairs in Canada while yet His Majesty William IV. sat on the throne of Great Britain. On the 15th of June, 1837, five days before the accession of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Lord Gosford tried the effect of a proclamation on the agitation which was convulsing society. He assured the people that the Imperial Parliament had neither ill 156 T/te Queens Jubilee and violated nor was about to violate the just rights and privileges of His Majesty's Canadian subjects. This proclamation was torn in pieces by the habitans in Lower Canada, amid cries of "A bas la proclamation!" Tiie French-Canadians rallied to the popular cries " Vive Papineau ! Vive la libertd ! Point du despotisme!" ''. ■■'. ■■'.■■■■■r, ,■'.,,.-.',,. '\' ,■,.'.'= .-.?:; '-.-n ,:.4t:':^ '■.^- In Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie in his journal declaimed on the condition of public affairs with scathing bitterness. He thus wrote : " Canadians I Brother Colonists I Your mock Parliament has done its duty; bills and badgerings have followed each other in quick succession. " Ye false Canadians! Tories! Pensioners! Placemen! Prof- ligates! Orangemen! Churchmen! Spies! Informers! Brokers! Gamblers ! Parasites and knaves of every caste and description, allow me to congiatulate you ! Never was a vagabond ra^e more prosperous ! Never did successful villainy rejoice in brighter visions of the future than ye may indulge. Ye may plunder and rob with impunity ; your feet are on the people's necks ; they are tranrformed into tame crouching slaves ready to be trampled on. Erect your Ju^^gernaut ; the people are ready to be sacrificed under the wheels of the idol. : "The four-pound loaf is at a Halifax shilling (20 cents); the barrel of flour brings twelve dollars. Woe and wailinor and pauperism and crime meet us at every corner of the streets. The settlers and their families on the Ottawa, in Simcoe, in the rear of the London district, and many now settlements, seldom taste a morsel of bread and are glad to gnaw the bark off the trees, or sell their improvements for a morsel to keep away starvation, y^? :■:;,•;(»!■? -;ft'fJ*i-t;:*;i .!i ^.i:;-? >,« ^';^ _?^?'p " The settlers are leaving the country in thousands for lands less favored by nature, but blessed with free institutions and just government. The merchants are going to ruin one after another ; even sycophancy and degrading scurrility have failed to save them this time. They cry out. Why is it so ? I pity them not. Money, wealth, ))ower, was their god, the Dagon of their idolatry. Let them cry aloud and spare not, perhaps even now he will help them. Toronto " Called Back.'' 157 "But why are WL.jt and misery come among us? Ah! ye rebels to Christianity, ye dete^^t the truth, ye shut your ears against that which is right. \our country is taxed, priest- ridden, sold to strangers and ruined. Wliat tlien ? Ye share the phinders 1 Like the Lazarroni of Italy, ye delight in cruelty and distress, and lamentation and woe." Mr. Mackenzie died in 1861, and even at that time he must have been himself ast'^nished at the wonderful changes which had taken place in the condition of the country during the previous tw**nty-four years of the roign of Queen Victoria ; and had he lived during the following twenty-six years and wit- nessed the Jubilee — with its glorious associations and unpar- alleled record of progress and prosperity, and nowhere greater than in the Dominion of Canada, and the City of Toronto — no doubt he would rejoice with every other loyal subject — as he afterwards proved to be — at the results of the benign and benignant sway of her who sits upon England's throne and lives in the hearts of her Canadian subjects. it must not be inferred from the preceding historical extracts thai the Canadian people had become disloyal : although a large number joined in the abortive rebellion, they were only a small minority of malcontents, while the great body remained true to the Government, their loyalty being intensitied by the insurrection which had taken place. .., ._. ■'SI ■r^^v. •; ;- Toronto's Loyalty. • Toronto, always foremost in her allegiance to Great Britain^ manifested her loyalty to the young Queen on the occasion of her Coronation, on the 28th of June, 1838. , , , , . The citizens of Toronto, in their expression of joy, joined heartily in the celebration. Public rejoicings, dinners, speeches, and fireworks were the order of the dav and evening. A grand procession of firemen was the principal public feature and formed a fine display, being headed by the bands of the Queen's Rangers and of the Royal Foresters. The fire engine.*, drawn by two or four horses, were magnificently 358 iV The Queen s Jubilee and decorated, and mottoes of loyalty were prominently displayed on flags and banners, amidst which were the names " Victoria," in a wreath of Rose, Thistle, and Shamrock, and " British Supremacy," City of Toronto arms in gold, three gilt lions, gilt Irish harp, and the motto of the City of Toronto in gold — "Industry, Intelligence, Integrity." The Princess Victoria, Born May 24th, 1819 ; baptized same day; vaccinated early in August same year ; presented at court, February 24th, 1831 ; visited Powis Castle, Wynstry, Beaumaris, and other parts of North Wales, and r.ttended the Eisteddfod, 1832 ; presented Colors to 80th Foot (first public act), August 3rd, 1833 ; con- firmed by Primate, August 30th, 1835 ; attained legal majority, May 24th, 1837 ; accession to throne, June 20th, 1837. The Princess Victoria at the Bazaar. Miss Martineau relates an anecdote of the Queen when she was a nine-year-old Princess, with no knov/ledge of the great future before her, and the story shows that she " was reared in as much honesty and care about money matters as any citizen's child," being rigidly guarded against any extra expenditure. At a Tunbridge Wells bazaar, the Princess had bought presents for nearly all her relatives, and spent her last shilling when she recollected one cousin more, and saw a box that she thought would just suit him. The price of the box was half a crown, and the shopkeeper placed it with the other purchases, when the governess admonished him with the remark, " No ; you see the Princess has not got the money : therefore, of course, she cannot buy the box." The shopkeeper offered to keep the box for her, and the Princess exclaimed, " Oh, well, if you will be so good as to do that." Next quarter day, before seven o'clock in the morning, the Princess appeared on her donkey to claim her purchase, and this time, having the requisite money, she was enabled to carry off in triumph the box intended for her cousin. J'l. ! Toronto " Called Back.'' 359 Queen Victoria's Accession. " The King is dead ! God save the Q-ieen." At five o'clock on the morning of Tuesday, the 20th of June, 1837, the Primate of ail England and tlie Lord Chamberlain reached Kensington Palace, where the Princess Victoria then resided, to inform her that her uncle, William IV., had died at Windsor Castle at 2.12 that morning, and to hail her as Queen. The messengers had to knock long at the Palace door before the porter could be roused, and when at length admitted they were turned into a lower room and apparently forgotten. They had to ring several times, and an attendant declared that " the Princess was in such a sweet sleep that she could not venture to disturb her." " But," said they, " we come on business of state to the Queen, and even her sleep must give way to that." The young Queen shortly entered the room in a loose white night-gown and shawl ; her night- cap thrown oif and her hair failing upon her shoulders; her feet in slippers; tears in her eyes, but perfectly collected. The first words of the Queen were a request that the Archbishop would pray for her. They knelt together, and as Miss Wynn states : "Victoria inaugurated her reign like the young king of Israel in the olden time, by asking from the Most High, who ruleth in the kingdom of men, an understanding heart to judge so great a people." Her Majesty's first act was to write a tender letter of condo- lence to Queen Adelaide, widow of the late King, and she addressed it to " Her Majesty, the Queen," remarking, when told that this was inaccurate, that she was " quite aware of Her Majesty's al :ered character, but I will not be the first person to remind her of it." A Privy Coi.ncil was held at 11 o'clock, and consequent upon the shore notice some of the members had not time to wait for the robes of state ; the Duke of Cumberland, Lord Glenelg and others appearing in undress. The Cabinet Min- isters and other Privy Councillors then knelt before the throne and took the oath of allegiance. At 10 o'clock next forenoon Her Majesty was formally proclaimed Queen of Great Britain mir 360 /Vie Queen's Jubilee and and Ireland, and when she presented herself at one of the windows of St. James's Palace, she was greeted with deafening cheers by the multitude assembled outside. The Queen wore a black silk dress, with a crape scarf over her white tippet, and a little black chip bonnet. Deeply moved by the enthusiastic manifestation.s of popular loyalty, she repeatedly bowed to the people, who, even while the proclamation was being read, cried out, " God save the Queen." The Coronation. The Queen's Coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on Thursday, the 2(Sth June, 1838, with groat pomp and cere- mony, even the dawn of the day being announced by the guns of the Tower and those of a temporary battery in St. James's Park. All London turned out, and the line of route from St. James's Palace to the Abbey was crowded from pavenient to housetop. The procession was long and imposing, and its several branches were separated by mounted bands and detach- ments of Life Guards. There were numerous grand new carriages cf foreign representatives and different branches of the British Royal family. There were twelve of Her Majesty's carriages, each drawn by six horses, attended by four grooms walking, while the state equipage of the Queen was drawn by eight cream-colored Hanoverian horses with a yeoman of the guard at each wheel and two footmen at each door and one at the head of each horse. The royal progress was marked with continuous enthusiasm, and the young Queen was much affected. Meanwhile the Abbey's space was utilized to the utmo.st. The grand procession entered the choir shortly after noon, the Queen wearing a royal robe of crimson velvet furred with ermine and bordered with gold lace, while round her shoulders were the collars of her orders, and on her head was a circlet of gold. She was preceded by the Bishop of Winchester bearing the Bible. Some of the foreign ambassadors were magnificently dressed, especially Prince Esterhazy, whose dress down to his Toronto " Called Back!'' 361 boot heels sparkled with diamonds. The only ambassador who received special attention from the crowd was Marshal Soult, who represented the Kinj^ of France. Immediately on the Queen's entrance the National Anthem was performed by orchestra and choir, while the vaulted rcofs of the Abbey resounded with the acclamation of the spectators. At the conclusion of the Anthem the Primate announced to the east, south, west, and north, " I here present unto you Queen Victoria, the undoubted Queen of the realm; wherefore, all you who are come this day to I'ender your homajjre, are you willin<^ to do the satne ? " Each time the Archbishop made this demand the people loudly acclaimed, " God save Queen Victoria," trumpets sounded and drums were beaten ; the Queen meantime remaining standing. . • After Her Majest}' had made 'her first offering of an altar cloth of gold, she handed over an ingot of gold, a pound in weight, to the Archbishop, who put it into the oblation basin. The religious service then proceeded. In taking the cath, with her right hand upon the gospel and herself kneeling, the Queen said, "The things which I have herebefore promised I will perform and keep, so help me God." Her Majesty kissed the book and signed a transcript of the oath. While anointing the Queen on head and hands, in the form of a cross, the Archbishop pronounced these words: " Be thou anointed with holy oil as kings, priests and prophets were anointed ; and as Solomon was anointed king by Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet, so be you anointed, blessed, and consecrated Queen over this people, whom the Lord your God hath given you to rule and govern in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen." After other prayers the Bishop placed the crown reverently on the head of the young Queen. Then arose a great shout, " God save the Queen," with cheers and waving of hats and handkerchiefs, while the grandeur of the spectacle was height- ened by the peers and peeresses putting on their coronets, and the bishops their caps, and the kings-at-arms their crowns, trumpets meanwhile sounding and drums beating. After I: .:-4 ;62 The Queen s Jiibilce and this came the enthronement and the homage, with kissing of the Queen's hand;-- Her Majesty received the two sceptres from the Dukes of Norfolk and Richmond, on which the trumpets and drums once more sounded, and the assembly cried out, " God save Queen Victoria ! " " Long live Queen Victoria ! " " May the Queen live frrever ! " The Archbishop then presented the Bible to Her Majesty and again led her to the throne, after which he was the first to do homage, followed by all the lords spiritual and the lords tem- poral according to their rank. Each removed his coronet, touched the crown qn the Queen's head, and spoke thus : " I do become your liege man of life and limb and of earthly worship, and faith and love I will bear unto you, to live and die against all manner of folks, so lielp me God." The last created baron having sworn allegiance, the Queen showed where her own homage was due by removing her crown while she received the Holy Communion. Then the last blessing having been uttered, with the crown on her head, the sceptre in one hand and the oib in the other, the Crowned Majesty of England left the Abbey. Tlie whole gorgeous array swept after her. The Queen's Crown. The crown in which Her Majesty appeared at the coronation weiglied little more than three pounds, while the crown made for George IV. weighed over seven pounds, and was much too large for the Queen. • The new one made for her was composed of hoops of silver enclosing a cap of deep blue velvet. The hoops, which were completely covered with precious stones, were surmounted with a ball covered with small diamonds, and had a Maltese cross of brilliants on the top. In the centre of the cross was a splendid sapphire, while the rim of the cross was clustered wi<^^h bril- liants, and ornamented with rich Jieur-de-lis and Maltese crosses. In front of the Maltese cross, which was also in front of the crown, was the enormous heart-shaped ruby, once worn by the Toronto ''Called Da .T 363 chivalioiis Black Prince. The value of the jewels of the crown was estimated at £112,700 (SoG.'J.OOO). comprising — 2() (lianionrls round the circle £30,0()() 2 large centre diainondH 4, (MM) 54 omaller dicniondH at angles KM) ■1 crosses, each with ITt diamonds I'2,0(H) 4 large diamonds <>n top of crosses 4(),Ht)() 12 diamonds in thaJfcur-tle.-liH 10, (MM) 18 smaller diamonds in the Jlenr-de-lia 2,00() Pearls, diamonds, etc., in arches and crosses .... 10, (MM) ' ' 141 diamonils on the m(mnd .'>00 2() diamonils on the upper cross 3, (MM) 2 circles of pearls on rim 3(M) £112,760 The Coronation Chair. King Edward's Chair, as the coronation chair is called, con- tains the famous stone from the Abbey of Scone, where the Scottish kings were crowned. This stone is commonly called Jacob's Stone, or the Fatal Marble Stone. It is about twenty- two inches long by thirteen broad, and eleven inches deep, of a steel color, with reddish veins. Tradition says it is the stone on which Jaccb laid his head when he slept at Bethel. It was brought to Byzantia, in the kingdom of Galicia, in Spain; thence to Ireland by Simon Brach, who was King of Scots about 700 years before Christ ; thence to Scotland by King Fergus, about 370 years later; and in the year 850 A.D., it was placed in the Abbey of Scone by King Kenneth, who caused it to be enclosed in a wooden chair, and a verse to be engraved on it, of which this is a translation : , , , _ • .... " Should fate not fail, where'er this stone is found, .■■-.,-.; The Scots shall monarchs of that realm bo found." The Regalia. From amongst the crowns and other regalia, carefully kept in the Tower of London, the following were used at the corona- tion ceremony : St. Edward's staff, the spurs, the sceptre with the cross, the pointed sword of temporal justice, the sword of :i_._.iL_- It Jig- j 364 TAe Queen s Jubilee and mercy, the sword of state, the sceptre with the dove, the orb, St. Edward's crown, the pahra, the clialice, and the Bible. '■ <■ -^•wjt , The Coronation Medal :- Represented the crowned head of the youthful Queen, The medt^llion was surrounded by a wreath ; immediately above it was a crown between the two words "God save," and underneath " Victoria R " An ode v/as written for the occasion, the first verse of which is as follows : — "All hail, Queen Victoria, all hail to this day, '''' ■ So teeming with promise, we welcome it here, !,. As the bright stream of glory pursues its glad way, ; And the blessing of thousands ascends in that cheer." The Queen and Her Family. ■ , It was on the 24th of May, 1819, that Victoi'ia Alexandrina, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India, was born at Kensington Palace. She was the only child of George IIT.'s fourth son, the Duke of Kent; and though her father's death, in 1820, left her heiress to the English throne, she was not acquainted with the fact until she was thirteen years of age, and she cried much on hearing it, while presentlj' remarking, "There is much splendor, but there is much respon- sibility." She was brought up in strict retirement, but care- fully prepared for the high duties which devolved upon her on the death of William IV. j rf.is •• ? c'^ts : The marriage between the young Queen and Prince Albert, projected by King Leopold and Baron Stockmar, was known to Her Majesty two years before the intention became known to the Prince himself. Writing to her uncle at the close of the Prince's first visit to this country, she begged him "to take care of one now so dear to her." - The marriage was celebrated on the 10th of Februarv, 1840, and in the years of married life which intervened before the Prince Consort's death on the 14th December, 1861, five daugh- ters and four sons were born to the happy couple. " They '* ■■- [^ Toronto '' Called Back." ;65 say," wrote the Queen in 1844, "no sovereign was ever more loved than I, and this because of our happy, domestic home, and the good example it presents." f ' -■■■-• The first ten years of the Queen's widowhood were spent in seclusion, for though grief did not prevent the necessary duties of the sovereign, it caused her to avoid publicity as much as possible. Besides the loss of her husband and daughter, the Princess Alice, the Queen suffered a severe trial in the beginning of 1871, when her eldest son, the Prince of Wales, had an almost fatal attack of typhoid fever. At the thanksgiving service for his recovery, held in St. Paul's Cathedral on 27th February, 1S72, 13,000 persons attended. For the husband she loved so well, and has mourned for so long, the Queen raised the stately Frogmore Mausoleum. The Albert Memorial in Hvde Park, on the site of the first Exhibition building, is also an enduring monument of her love and affection, while .statues in London, Liverpool, Manchester, and other towns, are popular memorials of the "Good Prince." • --'^ •>,■• -■ ■■ - - ■' ■ ' • The Heir Apparent. Of the twenty-three kings who have reigned in England since the traditional incident when Edward L presented to the Welsh chieftains, at Cjernarvon, his infant son as a prince "born in their midst, who could not speak a word of English," only twelve previously bore the title " Prince of Wales." The title is the principal one attached to tlie eldest son, or in the event of his death, the grandson of the reigning sovereign ; so that it does not invariably fall to the heir apparent, who may not be grand.son of the sovereign. Neither Jame3 L nor William IV. was Prince of Wales, and George IV. was the last bearer of the title before the birth of its present holder. To the Princedom of Wales are annexed the Duchy of Corn- wall and Earldom of Chester, in England ; the Duchy of Rothesay, Earldom of Carrick, Barony of Renfrew, and Lord- ship of the Isles, in Scotland, besides the titles of Prince and High Steward ; and in Ireland, the Earldom of Dublin. ^ The present Prince of Wales, and Heir Apparent to the rt I !: • ' ■!>1 l66 The Queen s Jubilee and Royal and Imperial throne of Queen Victoria, is Albert Edward, Her Majesty's eldest son, who was born at Buckingham Palace on Lord Mayor's Day, November 9th, 1841, and was baptized on the I5th of January following; the King of Prussia being one of his sponsors. His Royal Highness received his early education under the Rev. Henr}'^ Birch, rector of Prestwich ; Mr. Gibbs, barrister-at-law ; the Rev. C. F. Turner, and Mr. H. W. Fisher. After studying a session at Edinburgh, he entered at Christ Church, Oxford. After attending the lectures at the latter seat of learning for a year, he, in 1860, paid his visit to Canada and the United States, where he was received with much enthusiasm. Next year he was at Cambridge University, and in the following year he travelled extensively in Europe, Syria and Egypt, accompanied by the late Dean Stanley. It was on the 8th of January, 1862, that he was ordered to be prayed for as " Albert Edward." In the following year he was admitted to the House of Peers, and was also made a Privy Councillor, while on the 10th of March he married the Princess Alexandra, of Denmark, who met with an enthusiastic welcome in England. The Prince was made a Knight of St. Patrick on the occasion of his visit to Ireland in April, 1868. During his extensive travels in the following j^ear he visited Constantinople and Sebastopol, and in the summer of 1870 he inaugurated the Victoria Embankment on the Thames, besides opening the Workmen's International Exhibition at Islington. ., - On the 12th of November, 1871, His Royal Highness was attacked with typhoid fever, and his recovery v^as despaired of from the 6th to the 18tli of December, but next day his recovery commenced, and on the 27th of February following he was able to attend with his roval mother the thanksgiving service held in St. Paul's Cathedral. In the beginning of 1874 he attended the nmrriage of his brother All'red, Duke of Edinburgh, at St. Petersburg. On the perversion of the Marquis of Ripon, and his resignation of the Masonic Grand Mastership, that dignity was accepted by the Prince of Wales, who was installed with grand cere- Toronto " Called Back.'' Z^7 monial in the Royal Albert Hall, on the 28th of April, 1875. In the same year occurred one of the great features of his lifetime — his visit to India — for which Parliament voted £112,000, and this sum more than covered the expenses of his triumphal progress through the great Indian Empire, Like his father, the great and good Prince so long mourned, he has taken a deep interest in the great exhibitions in London and elsewhere. To him belongs the honor of having established the Royal College of Music, and of proving by his visit to Ireland in 1885 that the Irish people are not the dis- loyalists they are pictured ; and to him will also belong the honor of establishing the grand institution in London which is to symbolize the unity of the vast Empire of his mother, the jubilee of whose prosperous reign we celebrate. His Royal Highness is making to himself friends of some- thing nobler far than the mammon of unrighteousness. He is winning the hearts of the people and their children. He has a marvellous aptitude for translating the teachings of his father into very substantial facts. The Colonies are now in high favor with young men, thanks to tiie Colonial Exhibition. The working-men, and the boys and girls from the public elementary schools, were there by thousands, and when the Imperial Institute is opened they will continue to go and learn much to their advantage. The people of over-crowded British towns and the great Babylon of London have seen with their eyes how wide and wealthy a place God has given to the Anglo- Saxon race, especially in Canada and Australia. On all sides it may be seen that the set of the popular tide is- towards those mighty lands whose people and products the Prince has helped to photograph on the imagination of their hearts. Britain may laugh at revolution and socialistic vagaries so long as the Throne busies itself in caring for the health and wealth of the people. ■ .vf -■■■■ ' I -.H;*^ The Royal Household. . v , The personal household of Queen Victoria is composed of over a thousand persons, costing a yearly sum of $1,925,000. .Tt c' nsists of a Lord Steward, Lord Chamberlain, a Master of '..'',% ■S^Hiv 1 ^^r'' ^^B' ^^B ' ■ p ]m II i; 368 T/ie Queeiis Jubilee an,^ the Horse, each with a salary of $10,000 ; a Keeper of the Privy Purse at $11,000, with three assistants at $3,000 each: a Treasurer, a Controller, a Vice-Chaniberlain, a Controller of Accounts, a Master of the Household, a Master of the Ceremo- nies, a Master of the Buckhounds, each at $6,000 per annum ; a Grand Falconer at $6,000, an Usher of the Black Rod at $10,000, a Mistress of the Robes at $3,000, eight Ladies of the Bedchamber at $2,500, ten bedchamber women at $1,500 each, ten maids of honor at $1,500 each, fourteen equerries at $3,500 each, eight pages of honor at $750, eight lords-in- waiting at $4,000, fourteen grooms-in-waiting at $2,000, ten gentlemen ushers at $400, ten sergeants-at-arms at a similar salary; a Poet Laureate (Lord Tennyson) at $500 per annum ; a painter in ordinary, a marine painter, a sculptor in ordinary, a surveyor of pictures, at $1,000 ; an examiner of plays at $3,000, a prin- cipal ch-f de cuibine at $4,000, a principal cellar master at $2,500; 9 housekeepers, 130 housemaids, and lastly, one official ratcatcher at Windsor at a salary of $80, and another at Buck- ingham Palace at $60. ,. -. . ^, . . Her Majesty's Civil List. This subject was brought under notice of Parliament on the 22nd of November, 1837. The Queen had placed unreservedly before Parliament those hereditary revenues transferred to the public by her immediate predecessor. uv,; lu;^ X'm .* vo' Tlie Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr T. Spring Rice, pointed out that while previous sovereigns had inherited considerable personal property. Queen Victoria had not done so, and she would further be deprived of the revenue of Hanover, which had become a separate kingdom. The house voted £385,000, though Mr. Hume made a great effort to have the sum reduced by £50,000. ^i '^'i,^''r>:::M^h"t ■ ;.'.> :'-./ -v.:v.y ;j.M-^::^^ ^.■myxu:^^,'-^' The Civil List Act provided that while the Queen lived all revenues of Crown lands should be part of the Consolidated Fund, and that "for the support of Her Majesty's household, and the honor and dignity of the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, there shall be granted to Her Toronto " Called Back.'' 69 Majesty during her lifetime a net yearly revenue of £385,000," which sura the schedule thus appropriates : — Her Majesty's privy purse, £00,000 ; salaries of household and retired allow- ances, £131,260 ; expenses of household, £172,500 ; royal bounty, alms, etc., £13,200 ; unappropriated balance, £8,040. ;i The Queen's Dominions. ' ' The dominions over which the Queen-Empress reigns, as the .sixth Sovereign of the House of Brunswick, have an estimated area of 8,991,254 square miles, of which Great Britain and Ireland represent only 121,115 square miles. Her Majesty's subjects in all parts of the world number about 310,000,000, or more than eight times the extent of the British and Irish population, and nearly one-fourth of the population of the globe. Tiiese vast dominions, on which the sun never sets, have a yearly revenue of more than £210,000,000 sterling, their aggregate public debt is nearly £1,100,000,000 sterling, while the yearly value of their imports and exports is about £1,080,000,000 sterling. In the fitty years of Her Majesty's reign, the area, population and the wealth of her dominions have enormously increased, and her Empire is the greatest that ever existed in the world's history. The Year 1887 Will be a year of jubilees. Among the things which will see their fifty years' lifetime between now and C/hristmas, and which have proved of immense advantage to the community, will be the practical application of electricity as a means of communication ; the introduction of phonography by Isaac Pitman, and the establishing of building societies. By means of the electric telegraph the antipodes are prac- tically brought within a speaking distance of our shores ; Pitman's phonography has revolutionized the newspaper press, and building societies have proved of immense benefit to the thrifty among the working classes. The jubilee of these will no doubt be fittingly celebrated. I'4 ;70 The Queens Jubilee and ft ■ The Queen's Jubilee. The Queen attained her 68th birthday on May 24th, and the 20th of June completed the fiftieth year of her glorious reign. There have been but three similar jubilees in our history. The jubilee of Henry III. was kept on the 19th of October, 1265, and the festival celebration was hardly a joy -inspiring one. The next royal jubilee was that of Edward III., kept on the 25th of January, 1377, in connection with which also there seems to have been little cause for jubilation. On the 25th of October, 1809, the jubilee of George III. -»vas celebrated with more joyous hilarity than character'zed that of the two prede- cessors. The Queen's Jubilee excels them all in the loyalty and affection of her subjects. ' " " "Carmen Seeculare." toRD Tennyson's jubilee ode. I. ^ifty times the rose has flower'd and faded, • ( • ' Fifty times the golden harvest fallen, Since our Queen assumed the globe, the sceptre. II. She, beloved for a kindliness / • Rare in fable or history, Queen, and Empress of India, > , Crown'd so long with a diadem Never worn by a worthier. Now with prosperous auguries Comes at last to the bounteous Crowning year of her Jubilee. .■-'■. ■ m. , . Nothing of the lawless, of thb Despot, Nothing of the vulgar, or vainglorious. All is gracious, gentle, ^reat and Queenly. IV. . _,, You then loyally, all of you, V ' Deck your houses, illuminate _^' All your towns for a festival, And in each let a nmltitude Toronto " Called Back'' Loyal, each to the heart of it One full voice of allegiance. Hail the great Ceremonial '• . Of this year of her Jubilee. 11^ Queen, as true to womanhood as Queenhood, Glorying in the glories of her people, Sorrowing with the sorrows of the lowest ! VI. You, that wanton in affluence, Spare not now to be bountiful. Call you poor to regale with you. Make their neighborhood healthfuller. Give you gold to the Hospital, Let the weary be comforted, , Let the needy be banqueted, Let the maim'd in his heart rejoice At this year of her Jubilee. vn. Henry's fifty years are all in shadow, Gray with distance Edward's fifty summers, Ev'n her Grandsire's fifty half forgotten. You, the Patriot Architect, Shape a stately memorial, Make it regally gorgeous, , Some Imperial Institute, Rich in symbol, in ornament. Which may speak to the cenf uries. All the centuries after us, Of this year of her Jubilee. Fifty years of ever-broad oning Commerce ! ' " Fifty years of ever-brigiitening Science ! Fifty years of ever-widening Empire ! X. You, the Mighty, the Fortunate, You, the Lord-teiritorial, You, the Lord-manufacturer, You, the hardy, laborious, The Queen s Jubilee and '> Patient children of Albion, You, Canadian, Indian, Australasian, African, All your hearts be in harmony, All your voices in unison. Singing " Hail to the glorious Golden year of her Jubilee I " XI. Are there thunders moaning in the distance ? Are there spectres moving in the darkness i Trust the Lord of Liglit to guide her pe(jple. Till the thunders pass, the spectres vanish. And the Light is Victor, and the darkness Dawns into the Jubilee of the Ages. Only six sovereigns of England since the Norman Conquest attained an age equal to or beyond that which the Queen attained on the 24th of May, 1887. These were: Queen Elizabeth, who reached 69 years ; James II., 68 years ; George II., 77 years ; George III., 82 years ; George IV., 68 years, and William IV., 72 years. Her Majesty's reign has only been twice exceeded in length, namely, by Henry III., who reigned for 56 year^ and by George III., who reigned for 60 years; but the reign of one other sovereign, Edward III., equalled it by extending to 50 years. Queen Victoria is only eighth in descent from James I., a long stretch of history being covered by the seven intervening lives. She is fourteenth in descent from Edward VI., twenty- eighth in descent from Henry I., thirty-fifth in descent from Alfred the Great, and thirty-seventh in descent from Egbert, the first sole monarch of England. The ramifications of her pedigree connect her with many other illustrious personages in addition to those already named. Ill India. The fiftieth year of Queen Victoria's reign was celebrated in the capital cities of different Provinces of her Indian Empire, in the most festive manner, on the 16th of February. Toronto " Called Back. 3 73 At Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Lahore, and many towns in the north, western, and central Provinces, and in the loyal Native States, also at Mandalay, in the newly annexed Dominion of Burmah, the utmost loyalty was displayed. '\r'^-^^.\}^-''<.y\ :■,- i At Calcutta, the Viceroy of India, Lord Dufferin, with the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Frederick Roberts, reviewed the troops on the Parade-ground ; afterwards attended with Lady Dufferin a thanksgiving service at the Cathedral, where the Te Deum was sung; and in the afternoon, at a public assembly, ninety-two deputations from various bodies, municipalities, and local communities, educational institutions, representatives of trade, of the professional classes, amd of diherent races and religions in Bengal, presented their congratulations to Hi i Excellency to be sent to the Queen. They were introduced by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal. Lord Dufferin made an eloquent speech, assuring them that Her Majesty the Queen and Empress watches over the interests of the people of India with affectionate solicitude. The military bands played the National Anthem, and there was a grand display of fireworks in the evening. On the same day thanks- giving services were held at the English, Scotch, Roman Catholic and Greek churches, the Jewish synagogue, and the Brahminical temples. By order of the Viceroy, 23,307 prisoners for minor offences and for debts throughout India were released upon this happy occasion. At Bombay, the proceedings commenced with a parade of troops. The streets were crowded with natives, who displayed; great enthusiasm. In the evening (,he buildings were brilliantly illuminated with festoons and coloured lamps, and with gas devices with the words "God Save the Queen," "We are Happy," "England and India United." The triumphal arch over the Queen's statue was magnificently illuminated, and the city generally presented a splendid appearance. At Poonah, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught gave a State Ball. The Duke held a grand parade of troops. The Duke and Duchess left for Bombay in the afternoon of Wednesday, when 25 374 The Queens Jubilee and three thousand Eurasian and European children were in proces- sion singing the National Anthem ; and there was a general illumination and grand display of fireworks in the evening. The peculiarity of the Indian celebration has been the hearti- ness with which the natives, despite the stories of their discon- tent, have taken part in it. So imjiortant a personage as the High Priest of Baid",ijanath, one of the most sacred shrines of Lower Bengal, has led in the native observance, and has further issued an appeal to the Hindoos, drafted in true Oriental fashion, to do honor to the Empress. He says, "May that great Empress, under whose protection religious ceremonies have been practised without molestation for fifty years — may that august Empress Victoria live long ! The lustre of her reign, which illumines the hollow vales of the wilderness, and the concealed places, and which brightens the night itself, has like a second sun made India blossom like the lotus by dispelling the gloom of injustice originating from the severe tyranny of Mohammedanism. "May the Empress Victoria, under whose kindness all her subjects have grown strong in the strength of religion and happiness — may she live a hundred years with her sons and friends. May the Empress under whose influence uninter- rupted peace reigns in India live long ! It behooves you Aryans, one and all, to pray for long life for the Empress. May that Empress in whose Empire men of science sing with ■delight the manifold blessing of telegraphs, railways and other inventions ; may the Empress, whose moonlike deeds spread a halo of light far and wide — may the Empress Victoria be victorious. This is my constant prayer to Shiva." On the 20th of June, at Madras, the Jubilee was celebrated by the Governor unveiling a statue of the Queen, and the illumination of the city in the evening. ,.,■,;..■;. On New Year's Day, 1877, Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India with great pomp and ceremony at Delhi and other Indian cities, and the ten years which have elapsed since that time have fully established the title, as the display of loyalty in the great Indian Empire fully testifies. ill •• 1 M Toronto " Called Back.' 375 with other haimed ihi and (d since Dlay of Fifty Years' Proijress. No equal period in the history of the world has witnessed such advances in science and speed, snch rapid development in the useful arts, such an increase of comfort, liberty and enlif^ht- enment. Since Queen Victoria ascended the British Throne the population of Gr^at Britain and Ireland has increased from 20,000,000 to 37,000,000. The acquisition of foreign territory by Great Britain is without a parallel in the history of the human family. She bears rule over one-third of the surface of the globe, and over nearly one-fourth of its population. Her possessions abroad are in area sixty times larger than the parent state. She owns three millions and a half of square miles in America, one million each in Africa and Asia, and two and a half millions in Australia. At the Indian and Colonial Exhibi- tion in London, in 1886, sixty-eight colonies and dependencies were represented, varying in extent from Gibraltar, with its two square miles, to Canada with her three millions and a half. In the fifty years her aggregate wealth has more than trebled, her foreign commerce has increased five-fold ; the imports of the United Kingdom have increased from £66,000,000 to £374,- 000,000. During the same period the imports of the British Possessions have increased from £26,000,000 to £218,000,000. The public revenues of the United Kingdom have grown since the Queen's accession from £55,000,000 to £93,000,000, and of the British Possessions from £23,000,000 to £115,000,000. In 1837, the shipping of the United Kingdom was 9,000,000 tons, this year it will reach 64,000,000 tons. In the fifty years the average entered and cleared at ports in the British Possessions had increased from 7,000,000 to 78,000,000 tons. The penny postage was introduced soon after the Queen came to the throne, and in 1839 the total number of letters delivered in the United Kingdom was 82,471,000. In 1885 what was their number ? The total was 1,403.000,000 letters, 496,000,000 newspapers and books, and 172,000,000 post-cards, ; making a total of 2,065,000,000. The increase of wealth in the United Kingdom in the fifty 376 The Queen s Jubilee and years has been enormous, the taxable income having risen :n thirty years from £308,000,000 to £(531,000,000, or in the pro- portion of 105 per cent. When Queen Victoria ascended the throne, Australia was only a convict settlement, British India belonged to a commercial company, the South African Colony was little more than a barren rock, and the Dominion of Canada was shorn of an immense territory by the Hudson's Bay Company. These are marvellous facts and figures of material progress within one rfeign, but what is quite as important is the fact that the enlightenment, enfranchisement and bettered condition of the masses, the growth of civil liberty, of art and culture, have kept pace with the vast strides in population, trade and wealth. Newspapers, schools, churches and benevolent societies have grown as never before, and accomplished practical results as they grew. Laws have improved, humanity advanced, wages increased, and the prime necessities of life cheapened, till now it is the deliberate judgment of the most cautious statisticians that the British labourer is 30 per cent, better paid, 40 per cent, better housed, 50 per cent, better clothed, and 150 per cent, better educated, than he was in the reign of William IV. Royal Jubilee Exhibitions. The celebration of the Queen's Jubilee in England was in- augurated by exhibitions in Manchester, Liverpool, Saltaire and Newcastle. It was fitting that Manchester should be assigned the first place on the list. The great Lancashire town has long been in the van of the great array of progress. In population, in wealth and independence, it has made vast strides in the last fifty years. THE MANCHESTER JUBILEE EXHIBITION was opened by their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, amidst a scene of great magnificence and unbounded enthusiasm, on the 3rd of May. The Royal visit extended over two days, and the decorations and illuminations were of the most elaborate character. Miles of Venetian masts, triumphal Toronto " Called Back. 377 arches witli Howers, countless flags and gay streamers, with the hundreds of thousands of spectators, formed a brilliant scene. The second day was given to Salford. LIVERPOOL, The Royal Jubilee Exhibition was opened on the 16th May by Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lome, in the name of Her Majesty. The demonstration in Liverpool was essentially a popular one, being both spontaneous and enthusiastic, and the manifestation of love and affection for the Princess Louise was unbounded. ':" • SALTAIRE AND NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. The Exhibitions in these towns were opened in the name of the Queen by their Royal Highnesses the Duke of Cambridge and the Princess Beatrice respectively. . Opening of the People's Palace. The first public appearance of Her Majesty in the Jubilee year occurred on the 1 4th of May, when the People's Palace in the East End of London was opened by the Queen with great pomp and pageantry of ceremonial, and with a full and loud chorus of loyalty and enthusiasm which will in future time mark the 14th of May as a red-letter day in the annals of a glorious reign. The spectacle provided for the East-Enders was of the greatest possible interest. Besides the Queen herself, the Prince and Princess of Wales and nearly the whole of t^° Royal family then in England graced the proceedings with their presence, and nothing was wanting in the shape of pomp and parade that could heighten the attractions of the scene. Her Majesty was in excellent spirits and visibly enjoyed the hearty acclamations of the myriads of working people who lined the route and filled the great hall of the new Palace. R An interesting incident of the day's proceedings was a visit to the Mansion House, being the first time, since 1838, Her Majesty was entertained by the Lord Mayor of London in his civic residence. The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress had invited 800 i^ii^ MB 1' iM ' iji 378 T/ie Queens Jubilee and guests to participate in the ceremony of receiving Her Majesty and the other members of the Royal family. The decorations were superb, and the scene of the grandest description. The Lord Mayor's youngest daughter, Miss Violet Hanson, had the honor of presenting Her Majesty with a bouquet of orchids, roses, and geraniums, the latter being arranged to form the City arms. In receiving the bouquet the Queen made a kindly observation to the young lady and kissed her affectionately. This was the first occasion on which Her Majesty had appeared so far east of Temple Bar, and the hundreds of thousands of cheering voices of the " masses " prove that the rule of the Queen to-day is as surely as at any prior date "firm based upon her people's will." JUBILEE SERVICE IN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, WESTMINSTER. The state Jubilee Service of the House of Commons was celebrated on the 22nd of May, and was a pageant worthy of the occasion. It was the first time in the reign of any English Queen that such a service had been held, and was celebrated with great pomp. Over 400 members met in the Speaker's House, and 40,000 people assembled to witness the ceremony. The Queen's West...inster volunteers formed an escort, and kept the passage clear. The leading clergy of the city churches and Westminster Abbey, and the Bishop-^, marched in proces- sion from the House of Commons to Westminster, where 600 ladies had already assembled. . The two ex speakers. Lord Eversley and Lord Hampden, were in the church together with the Archbishops of Canter- bury and York. When all were seated the scene was a remarkable one, such as had never before been witnessed. Speaker Peel, like King Saul, head and shoulders above his fellows, walked in a digni- fied manner, robed in his State attire and with becoming cere- . mony, to his seat in front of the mace, which betokened the sitting of the House of Commons in church. Messrs. A. H. Smith, Gladstone, Goschen, Edward Stanhope, Lord Churchill, Sir Henry Holland and other leaders and ministers followed. Toronto " Called Back'' 379 When all were seated, " God Save the Queen " was sung with great fervor, and the beautiful service of the Church of Eng- land was rendered in the most effective manner. Bishop Ri])on preached an eloquent sermon. At the conclusion of the service the Speaker and his attendants returned to the House of Commons. The scene was a remarkable one, and will form a chapter in the history of the nation. . ^^- . cd the A. H. lurchill, llowed. ' '' ' The Queen's Jubilee. To attempt a detailed account of the various forms of the Jubilee Celebration in different parts of the world would be altogether vain, and would itself till a volume. A brief refer- ence to what took place in the leading cities on both sides of the Atlantic may, however, prove interesting, and this is all our space will permit. LONDON. Never in the world's history did so many circumstances com- bine to produce a grand and glorious .spectacle as on the 21st of June, when all that boundless wealth, military pomp and illustrious rank could do to heighten the effect of a State show of loyalty, or demonstrate the affection of a people for their sovereign, was done, and the result exceeded every display of the kind in ancient or modern times. London had spent her wealth with a lavish hand; everything that .skill and money could do to transform the world's metropo- lis into a dream city of splendor had been accomplished, and the weather was perfect. Thousands of people sat up all night to secure their places. A steady stream of carriages and pedestrians poured constantly all night until dawn, through the city towards the \\\'st End. At five o'clock in the morning every point of vantage along the streets composing the royal procession route was secured. At nine o'clock this line was on each side a compact mass of people. "-"" '-' - -''-v ■ - AT WESTMINSTER ABBEY. T^e scene at Westminster Abbey was most brilliant. Every seat was filled, and every person present was a person of dis- ii 380 The Queen's Jubilee and m m tinction. It seemed as if every locality in the world had sent one or more of its representatives to do honor to England's Queen on Britain's greatest holiday. There never, probably, in modern times, assembled under one roof an audience so well and so brilliantly arrayed. Every man present, entitled to wear a uniform or decoration, displayed it. The scene presented was indescribable. . ' t The line of the procession *rom Buckingham Palace to West- minster Abbey was from the Pala,ce portals along Constitution Hill, Piccadilly, Regent Street, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall East, Cockspur Street, Northumberland Avenue, Thames Embank- ment, and Bridge Street to the Abbey. The line of route was kept by nearly 20,000 troops, represent- ing all branches of the service, and in addition GOO boys from the naval training ships were drawn up at the base of the Nelson Monument. At Buckingham Palace the two services were equally honored, the Guards lining one side of the road- way at Buckingham Palace gates, and on the other side the blue jackets were posted. The same services were also repre- sented in a like manner at the entrance to Westminster Abbey. The first of the Royal procession was composed of Indian princes and a few minor German princes. The second part was composed of fifteen carriages, the occupants being the King of Denmark, the King of the Belgians, the King of Saxony, the King of the Hellenes, the Crown Prince of Austria, the Crown Prince of Portugal, the Queen of the Belgians, the Crown Prince of Greece, Prince George of Greece, the Grand Dukp of Mecklenburg Strelitz, with their attendants. HER MAJESTY APPEARS. As the Queen, in an open carriage, emerged from the Palace gates thousands of voices were lifted up in cheers, the applause being accompanied by the music of 'nany military bands. The carriage was drawn by eight cream colored horses, and was a large one of chocolate color with red wheels, and having the Royal Arms emblazoned on the panels. Red morocco harness with gilt mounting was used for the horses. The servants wore state liveries of scarlet and gold. vr\\\ Toronto " Called Back." i8i . : A CAVALCADE OF PRINCES. The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke of Connaught, her sons ; the Crown Prince Imperial of Germany, the Marquis of Lome, Prince Christian, and Prince Henry of Battenburg, her sons-in-law ; and Prince Albert Victor and George of Wales, Prince Alfred of Edinburgh, and Prince William of Prussia, her grandsons, — all rode in full uniforhis beside the Queen's coach as a bodyguard. When the people at the Palace had shouted themselves hoarse cheering for the Queen, they continued to cry out long live the Prince and Princess of Wales. The other carriages containing members of the Royal Family were of a gorgeous character, horsed with four bays each, and all open. On reaching Regent Circus, where six main streets converge, the sight was a memorable one, the streets being all splendidly decorated. The procession, as viewed from the Duke of York's column passing down the Hill from the Circus to Pall Mall East, was a sight to be remembered. The shouts of the multitude were loudly heard as one vast roar. On reaching Trafalgar Square the crowds were tremendous, and completely eclipsed any assemblage that had ever gathered in that great square. On the procession nearing the Abbey by the Thames Embankment, the troops saluted, the guns fired, and the bells of the churches rang out merry peals, and flags were run up ; the cheering continuing till the Queen had reached the Abbey. A SCENE OF SURPASSING SPLENDOR. Inside the Abbey the picture was one of surpassing beauty and absolutely dazzling. The jewels worn by the ladies flashed and reflashed as they reflected the rays of the sunbeams that found their way through the transepts. The three tiers of galleries seated about 10,000 persons. The peers and peeresses were seated in the south transepts; the ambassadors and diplomatic corps right and left of the peers; members of the House of Commons in the north transepts, while the seats for members of the reigning families of Europe were within the communion rails. All the great learned societies and corpora- 382 The Queens Jiibilee and Iff f lill tions were represented, whilst the notables of the law, science, art, agriculture, and workingmen representatives from all parts of the kingdom had seats duly allotted to them. A GRAND AND THRILLING SERVICE -rv'^n ?? ■ ^ The Queen's advent was arranged so that she entered the Abbey precisely at noon. Dr. Bridge, organist of the Abbey, who had for the occasion a specially trained choir of 250 voices, selected from the great choirs of London, and a number of eminent soloists, besides a large accompaniment of brass instruments and drums, gradually drew the immense congrega- tion into silence to be prepared for the Queen's coming by rendering a number of selections in a manner that made every person within hearing of the great organ eager to catch the softest notes. When the Queen reached the Abbey, the State trumpeters in gold and crimson uniforms executed fanfares from the organ loft nearly in the centre of the building. When the clergy, at the head of the Royal procession, moved into the church the National Anthem was rendered on the organ — the music was thrilling. ae audience rose as a unit and lent their ten thousand voices to accompany the choir. The effect was so grand, so profound, that many '.. ere moved to tears. At this moment the Queen appeared. Then the singing ceased and the " Processional March," by Handel, was given by the organ during the progress of the Queen and the Royal Family to the dais. When they were seated, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Dean of Westminster, who had taken their places within the sacrarium, began the services by asking God's blessing upon the Queen. The Te Deuvi Laudamus was then sung by the choir to the music composed by the Prince Consort, accord- ing to Her Majesty's request. The Lord's Prayer was then said, and the responses adapted to the occasion were intoned. Then three special prayers were offered up, after which the Exaudiat te Dominus was sung with organ and brass band accompani- ment. The lesson for the day was then read by the Dean of Westminster, after which Dr. Bridge's special anthem selected Toronto '* Called Back!' 383 by the Queen was rendered, followed by the choral Goltha, composed by the Prince Consort. In the rests thj National Anthem was produced. Two more special prayers for the defence of the Faith, the spiritual welfare of the kinfjdom, and for peace and love, followed, and were supplemented by the benediction which was pronounced by the Archbishop. When the benediction had been said, the Queen's sons knelt before her and kissed her hand. They arose, and Her Majesty kissed each upon the cheek. The princesses nc'^t advanced to the Queen and kissed her hand, and she kissed them all, favoring some twice, making unusual demonstrations over the Princess of Wales and Princess Beatrice; other relatives of the Queen then saluted, and she shook hands with some and kissed others, kissing the Crown Prince Frederick William of Germany twice, very heartily each time. At all this the congregation applauded warmly. Nothing in connection with the aft'air was more touching than these affectionate greetings extended to the Queen by her children in the presence of the throng that filled the Abbey. They spoke eloquently of the domestic love which has ever been character- istic of the Queen and her family. .,,,^ „,,s. ,. ^ LONDON AT NIGHT. The illuminations were like the transformation scene in a pantomime. As the natural light faded, every window blazed and flashed, and as night darkened the whole city became a flood of light. Beautiful and elaborate designs in gas were to be seen everywhere, and in every pane. In the windows of private houses were to be seen old-time candles and colored oil lamps in clusters. Up to a late hour there seemed to be no diminution in the crowds which went singing, a living stream, good humored and enthusiastic. The number of congratulatory telegrams to the Queen from public bodies and private individuals all over the world was so overwhelmingly large that it was impossible to answer them individually. The Queen was greatly touched by such expres- sions of loyalty and devotion from all classes of her subjects. If: 384 Zl^^ Que^Jis Jubilee and THE (QUEEN'S JUBILEE GIFT. The joint Jubilee Gift to the Queen from all her children and grandchildren is a gold and silver centrepiece for a table, adorned with precious stones. It comprises three parts resting on a common base, in the centre of which are the British Arms bearing the inscription, " Her Children and Grandchildren to our Beloved Mother and Grandmother." The middle portion consists of a vase adorned with the arms and the portraits of the donors. It has a solid gold lid surmounted by the Royal Crown. To the right and left respectively, are a lion and a unicorn. _ ,,, .,, PARIS. , ,; .,. , ,„■..,...- A Jubilee Garden Party was given at the British Embassy. The guests numbered 1,000, and included the members of the Diplomatic Corps, the Cabinet Ministers, M, DeLesseps, M. Ferry, the Due De Broglio, M. Floquet, and Marshal McMahon. The Journal des Dehata says : " We cordially envy English- men and would give a great deal could we ever be what they are to- day, a people mad with joy and happiness. This uni- versal homage is paid not only to the Queen, but to the woman who has given an example of two great virtues of royalty — gravity and dignity. Her influence has been great and salutary ; and her great merit is, that in using her prerogative for the public weal she has never been tempted to strain its exercise." "■ ■ " ' ' ' ' NEW ZEALAND. ' "'' "'':':";■; The celebration was commenced on the 20th, and was con- tinued for three days throughout the country. The greatest enthusiasm prevailed, the natives joining heartily in the festivities. Thanksgiving services, balls, concerts and illumina- tions, were extensively indulged in, and the utmost loyalty was displayed. -: > RUSSIA. The Russian press commenting on Queen Victoria's Jubilee says : " The British people's love for their Queen is inerited by the internal reforms and improvements in the condition of the Toronto " Called Back. 385 masses, which have been effected in England during the fifty years of Her Majesty's reign." ii: > 1? >. ; 'v> . AUSTRIA. '' " ''■ ' ■'" ""■' '• "^■'"'-^ The Offi^cial Gazette at Vienna says : " Millions of voices throughout the world-wide Empire extol the queenly and womanly virtues of Victoria. The day marks a long epoch in the political welfare of her realm. The whole world sym- pathises with the festival, for the fame of the Queen's blessed rule reaches every quarter of the globe. This sympathy is most cordially shared in by Austria's Sovereign." AFRICA. At Pietermaritzburg, Natal, on June 20th, thanksgiving services were held in honor of the Queen's Jubilee', after the Governor reviewed the troops. A number of children's festi- vals were held, and in the evening the town was illuminated. On the 22nd, 30,000 Kaffirs had a joy dance in the presence of the Governor. At Capetown the festivities included a grand military demonstration and the firing of 100 guns. ^ GIBRALTAR. The Queen's Jubilee was celebrated by religious services in the Spanish Cathedral. The streets were beautifully decorated and the vessels at anchor were gay with bunting. There was a review of the garrison, and at night the promenades were all illuminated. AUSTRALIA. The Jubilee was celebrated in Melbourne, Australia, with great enthusiasm ; also in New South Wales and Queensland. :-^:0:-- CHILI. ' ■ '" ■■■■'-■'-■■ ^ ■ ■.-.- ■ Queen Victoria's Jubilee was celebrated at Valparaiso with great rejoicings. GERMANY, f^;--:-'. .'....-■'> r,,,^ ;,.-.. .Heo,^^i^;,. The Berlin Post says : " What makes Germany a sympathetic onlooker at the Jubilee is the plenitude of events which has crowded the last half century. This is a period of importance in the world's history, not only for Englishmen, but for the i ■ I ir ' 386 The Queens Jubilee and If whole civilized world. The English people will feel that they have great reason for gratitude which cannot be better ex- pressed than by more and more fore sigh tedly and resolutely facing the great inevitable tasks of the future." V ; " ■ ' NEW YORK. ' The flags of Great Britain and the United States were diaped together in the vestibule of Trinity Church on the 19th of June, and several thousand persons attended the Jubilee Choral Services to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Each person received a programme of the services printed in red, blue and gold, with the Royal Arms emblazoned on the title page. ' , , ci .,(!, . , The few places mentioned, scattered over the five great divisions of the globe, are only given as representing the universality of the celebration, not only in the colonies and Gependencies of Great Britain all over the world, but in foreign countries, nearly all of whic'i were represented in London. In China, Japan, Turkey, Algeria, Italy, Servia, Bulgaria, Spain, Egypt, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Switzerland, and in nearly every town in these countries the celebration was kept on a scale of great magnificence. ' ^ DOMINION OF CANADA. From the Atlantic to the Pacific, in hamlet and village, city and town, whether the inhabitants were English, Irish, Scotch, French, German, Indian or Ethiopian, all united as Canadians to honor their Queen, and enjoy a hearty celebration of Her Majesty's Jubilee. If some solitary cynic, or false-hearted traitor may have nursed a feeling of disloyalty, either through ignorance or unmanly insolence, and by a threadbare recital of Ireland's wrongs for fifty years, or by the use of contemptuous epithets towards majesty itself, should have introduced a " rift within the lute" of the general harmony, or cause a blot on the fair escutcheon of Canada's fame, they are so insignificant as to only mar their own enjoyment of the universal Jubilee rejoicings. Toronto " Called BackT 387 It would have been the pride of the writer to have recorded the celebration of this glorious Jubilee in his native as in his adopted country, but, alas ! that one element should still exist in Ireland which only reacts on their own natural instincts, and deprive themselves of the enjoyment of their innate noble and generous characteristics, so celebrated in prose and rhyme from time immemorial. Yet the fact must be acknowledged and deplored. Ireland, the sister of England and Scotland in peace and war, sharer of her glories and equal inheritor of her grand historic achievements and renown, has not done herself justice on this glorious occasion. Nor was this feeling confined to her own shores, but one or two self-constituted missionaries of agitation and discord, sought to introduce this same element amongst us in this fair land, by threats against the representa- tive of Her Majesty in this Dominion, which, unfortunately for themselves and happily for Canada, only redounded to the honor and distinction of the noble Marquis of Lansdowne, and to their own utter shame and discomfiture. The names of these gentlemen are Mr. William O'Brien, M.P., and a Mr. Kilbride, who appeared as a representative " evicted tenant,' living in a fine mansion with lawn, conservatory, avonue and gate-lodge, and yet would not pay his rent. As landlords in Canada expect their tenants to pay their rent when due, Mr. Kilbride would not improve his position by emigrating to this country, as, to use a common Irish expression, he appears to have a ' very good America at home." While these gentlemen were indulging in their rodomontade, the Marquis of Lansdowne and his lady were pursuing the " even tenor of their way," in receiving addresses and holding levees at Government House. Their visit of three weeks to Toronto called forth a display of spontaneous enthusiasm, such as was never accorded to any Governor-General in Canada. Their entry into the city on the 3rd May was one grand ovation from the railway station to Government House, and during their stay, on every occasion, whether in visiting public institu- tions or reviewing our volunteers, the afifectionate devotion of the citizens was of the most marked character. ;88 The Queens Jubilee arid . ' ' ' ' ' . ■ TORONTO. The most enduring monument to commemorate the great event will be the erection of a new hospital fdr sick children, for which the citizens have voted the sum of S20.000. The Jubilee celebrations were inaugurated by a Military Church Parade, on the 19th of June, when a Thanksgiving Service was held in St. James* Cathedral. The Bishop of Toronto and several leading clergymen officiated. The troops which marched to the church headed by their bands consi-sted of the Governor-General's Body Guard, Toronto Garrison Artillery, member.>» and ex-members of the Queen's Own Rifles, Tenth Royal Grenadiers, and Army and Navy Pensioners. The service, which was most appropriate, was rendered unusu- ally attractive by the addition of the .services of the band of the " Queer's Own ' to the musical programme. Major-General Sir Frederick Middleton and Colonel Gzowski, A.D.C., were present in the congregation. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. O'Meara. v . . . , The Jubilee celebration was observed by religious services in the other churches on the same day, all of which were in- tensely interesting and fervent. .. , , Jubilee Praise and Thanksgiving Services. While no language could portray, or pen describe, the emotions which thrilled and vibrated in the hearts of the millions of Queen Victoria's subjects in all parts of the world, as in ode and anthem their voices joined in loud and harmonious acclaim in expressing the sentiments contained in " God Save the Queen," and with the swelling notes of the organ, i ow melted to tears and again lifted in rapture to the very gate of heaven, they gave expression to their feelings of gratitude and love for all the blessings enjoyed under the beneficent rule of our Empress Queen; yet if it were possible to collect and publish the sermons and addresses of ministers and laymen of all denominations, "distinct as the billows, yet one as the sea," who, in tens of thousands of churches in all parts of the world, on Toronto " Called Back.'' 389 ^ave the 19th and 21st of June, 1887, expatiated on the theme of the Victorian age, comprehending all its vast and mighty interests, the personal goodness and virtues of the Queen, the purity of her court, the example of domestic love with its. world-wide influence on society, the development of art, science; trade and commerce, the spread of civilization and education, the advance of literature, the origination of numberless benevo-' lent and religious institutions, and the general advancement and present grandeur of the British Kmpire during the past fifty years, they would form a volume such as the world has. never seen, and such a ri)emento of the grand Jubilee as would eclipse all former histories of nations or monarchs since the world began. The appointment of the 30th June and 1st July for the Jubilee celebration proved to be both appropriate and success- fyl, combining the usual Dominion Day rejoicings with the anniversary of the Queen's accession. The principal feature of the first day's proceedings was a grand procession of nearly 12,000 children from the public schools, which was witnessed by immense crowds of the citizens, and was a sight of which any city the size of Toronto might well be proud. Nearly every child wore a jubilee medal or badge, while flags and banners were plentifully displayed. o Jubilee Service in the Metropolitan Ohurch. A grand united religious and musical service, in which all the Evangelical Churches were represented, was the crowning event of the 30th June. The magnificent edifice was crowded to overflowing, and was beautifully decorated with flags, plants and flowers. The musical portion of the service was the chief attraction, the selections being of the most appropriate and loyal charact*, and were quite as eloquent and even more in- spiring than were the beautiful addresses delivered by the speakers. A large number of distinguished gentlemen occupied the platform, amongst whom were the Hon. Sir Alexander Campbell, the newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario; Hon. O, Mowat, Premier ; and W. H. Howland, Esq., Mayor 26 390 The Queens Jubilee and also prominent clergymen of all denominations, while in the body of the church were members of the City Council, and representatives of the various National and Benevolent Societies, all moved by the same spirit of enthusiasm, and joining with the choir of nearly 200 voices in the music set apart for the audience, with " glad hearts and voices," to swell the general harmony The service commenced with Mr. Torrington's performance on the organ of Gounod's March Cortege, which was followed by the singing of " God Save the Queen " by the vast audience. The effect of this inspiring hymn, when joined in by thousands of voices, was most thrilling. The other selections were chiefly the same as given in Westminster Abbey, including Dr. Bridge's Jubilee Ode and Anthem. The addresses were practical, enthusiastic and eloquent, but above all breathed the spirit of true and genuine loyalty throughout. , The closing song and chorus were composed by Mr. F. H. Torrington, and were sung with great spirit and feeling : ; " •;. Old England calls upon her sons ; , i.; To honor England's Queen ; ' ' '■ ' ■* ' „ Her sons respond, and daughters too, '" To keep her memory green. ', • :;.' With loyal hearts and ready 111 nds •"'.:..;.:. The Empire's children stand, ;. ;"-;!•;' Prepared to do, prepared to die t ;■ ' •:^";' \ ^'.. For Queen and native land. : ' ■I'f.^-,- Choeus. '■'j Victoria ! Ou': Queen beloved, .^. • i- With loyal heart and hand, Thy colonies and fatherland Unitea o,' thee stand. For fifty year < our country's flag Hath borne, o'er earth and main, The name of Empress, Queen belov'd, With neither spot nor stain, liong may it bear Victoria's name. Long o'er us may she reign, And for our Empire broad and grand May she new honor gain. Toronto " Called Back.'' 391 Upon our Queen, our Country, Flag, God's lilessing ever rest. With ])eiice and plenty everywhere, Her people's homes be blest. Qod SHve the Queen, her people pray, From hearts sincere and free ; God save our h)v'd Victoria, And crown her Jubilee. AT THE SYNAOOaUE. The services held bj the Jewish residents were remarkable for their intense devotion to the person and cl aracter of Queen Victoria. Tne beautiful and appropriate prayers, the nmsio and eloquent sermon by Rabbi Phillips, were all expressive of the reverence in which Her Majesty is held by the Jewish people throughout the world. He alluded in thrilling tones to the flag of England, which lent its protection to the Jew as well as the Gentile. The Jewish merchant kings had found guar- dianship beneath its folds, and Jewish legislators had found honored places in the Imperial courts. God had been gracious unto His chosen people and provided them with a protectress in their well-beloved Queen. At the conclusion of the discourse the ark was opened and prayers were offered for Her Majesty The choir sang a number of Psalms in the original tongue, and the service concluded with the National Anthem in English. 7 Mr. Torrington's Amateur Orchestra. In the evening a jubilee concert was given by the above organization, and was a splendid success. The appropriateness of the selections, and the excellent style in which they were rendered, elicited the enthusiasm of the audience. The feeling was one of mingled surprise and delight. To hear the perform- ance of an orchestra of a year's existence, display such pro- ficiency in time and brilliancy in execution must have surprised most of those present, and will, no doubt, have the same effect on those who still have the pleasure only in prospect. Toronto may now confidently look forward to being independent of foreign aid in producing the highest class of instrumental as ?>92 The Queen s Jubilee and II % 1 1 s '!'■'!' well as vocal music by her own unaided talent The orchestra numbers sixty performers, comprising sixteen first violins, ten second violins, four violas, five 'cellos, four double basses, five flutes, two piccolos, one oboe, one clarionette, three horns, two cornets, one trombone and tympani. Dominion Day. The grand event so long anticipated was one to be long remembered as perhaps the most remarkable and the most thoroughly delightful day in the history of Toronto. The clanffing of bells all over the city at 11 a.m. announced to the 150,( people of Toronto that the demonstration in honor of Her Majesty's Jubilee, in the shape of a procession, had started toward the Exhibition Grounds. The route was thronged with immense crowds of spectators, who cheered heartily as the various organizations appeared. The road was kept clear by a detachment of mounted police, after which came the Mayor and Aldermen in carriages; following them were the Trustees of the Public and Separate Schools, the Industrial Exhibition Trustees, and Boafcl of the Public Library; then came the fol- lowing societies, military Corps and organizations in the order named, bands, banners and flags being interspersed in regular order: — Retirea Officers, Army, Navy and Militia, in uniform ; Veterans, Army and Navy; Veterans, Volunteers; Governor- General's Body Guard, Toronto Field Battery, Garrison Artillery, Queen's Own Rifles, Tenth Royal Grenadiers, Irish Protestant Benevolent Society, And Sons of Ireland, Sons of Canada, St. David's Society, Sons of England, St. George's Society, Young Men's Protestant Benevolent Association, Orangemen, Foresters, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Man-- chaster Unity (Oddfellows), Xnights of the Maccabees, Peter Ogden Lodge (Oddfellows), Toronto Butchers' Association and the Toronto Fire Brigade. The appearance of the procession was very fine, and took an hour to pas? one point. Had the trades of the city joined in, the length would have been immensely extended, but they have rieserved their procession for Exhibition week. At the grounds loyal and patriotic speeches were made by Mayor Howland, Toronto ''Called Back.'' 393 "Hon. 0. Mowat, the Premier of Ontario, and others ; altogether the arrangements for the full enjoyment of the day were most successfully carried out, and added another to the long list of the exhibitions of Toronto's lo3'alty. Toronto in 1887. Never in her history has Toronto made such rapid strides in all that constitutes progress and prosperity as during the past year. Houses, blocks, streets and avenues are still being built and opened up in every direction, and if any one should keep pace ^^ith the rapid improvements going on, he will have discovered the principle of '■ perpetual motion," as in no other way could track be kept of the marvellous growth of the city. Not only is the number of the buildings gr'^ater than in any previous year, but the style of private residences is more elegant, the surroundings more beautiful, and the expenditure of wealth more apparent than ever before. Warehouses have gone up in rapid succession, and the style of architecture, as well as the internal arrangements, are of the most modern and substantial character. As is usual in most large cities, the tendency is for each kind of wholesale trade to concentrate in one point. The dry goods trade, formerly confined to Yonge and Wellington Streets, has extended to Front and Bay, where whole blocks of warehouses have been erected, and what a short year ago was vacant land is now covered with magnificent buildings for the use of mercuants and manufacturers. As a specimen of this class of architecture we give a view of the new block on the corner of Bay and Wellington Streets, on the spot alluded to in our first edition as the historic resi- dence of Mr. Mercer, where, in his small rough-cast cottage, he dispensed marriage licenses, and made shoes during his lifetime. WYLD, GRASETT & DAULING. This building of five storios is massive and striking, the style being an adaptation of the Romanesque. The basement is of large rough blocks of Credit Valley brown stone. Above this rises the ground story of Ohio grey stone. The walls above are 1 J ■^ [.. . : ., NEW WAREHOUSE OF WYLD, GRASETT & DARLING. It , i.. Toronto " Called Back'' 395 of red brick with stone dressings, and are surmounted at the corners with round stone conical-topped pinnacles. The entrance consists of two heavy dwarf arches at the corner of the two streets, with stone steps leading to a triangular porch in which is the main doorway. This consists of an interior arch supported upon i-ed granite columns with carved capitals. The main and vestibule doors are of oak. Heavy columns of Bay of Fundy red granite, with carved capitals, separate the windows on the Bav Street front. The counting-room and offices are fitted in oak with polished pine ceilings. Elevators (of which there are three), speaking tubes and a dumb-v.\''.iter afiijrd every facility for the despatch of business. The heating and ventilating arrangements are of the most complete character, as are also the fixtures for the display of goods; while the light admitted through plate-glass windows on the north, east and west affords every advantage to buyers. Mr. David B. Dick is the architect. HOTEL ACCOMMODATION. The interest connected with any institution contemporaneous with the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, especially in a young city like Toronto, must be greatly enhanced on a Jubilee festival such as is now beinjj celebrated. Amongst the institutions of Toronto as a commercial city none are more important than its hotels, as upon the accommodation they furnish will depend largely the inducements oft\ired to visitors from all parts of the world to spend their time and money in studying the attractions and resources such a city may contain. THE ROSSIN HOUSE Js one of the few establishments that possess a history of half I century, although, as has been stated in the first edition of this work, it had not assumed its present name till 1853. The Rossin House has been under various forms identified with the history of Toronto for over fifty years. In 1832, on this site, Mr. James G. Chewett erected the British Coffee House, which became a popular rendezvous of the leading citizens, being at the time the only place having i' I 396 TMe Queens Jubilee and thiDf character of a "club house.". In 1837 it was taken by the Government for military purposes. After its relinquishment by the Government it was conducted by Mrs. Ellah, as a hotel, and while under her manaorement it became the club house of the Toronto Club. In this hotel the Hon. Colonel Bruce, Secretary and Aide-de-Camp to the Earl of Elgin, resided dur- ing his term of office. '. From the time when Mr. Mark H. Irish, the present proprietor, assumed the management in 1870, the Rossin House has had a career of prosperity previously unknown. Having brought his well-known enterprise and ability, backed up by years of experience in the business, to bear upon the management, the hotel soon rose to a high character as possessing every charac- teristic of a first-class institution. Travellers from all parts of the world ' mnd their way to its precincts, and had their highest expecta\/ior's fully realized in the comforts and conveni- ences it afforded. Distinguished visitors from Great Britain and the Unitiid States have here been entertained from time to time. In 1860, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, with his suite, occupied apartments in the Rossin House. The same suite of rooms has been occupied by Prince Alfred (Duke of Edinburgh), and later by Prince Leopold, the late Duke of Albany. Lord Dufferin and party also occupied the same rooms, and amongst other distinguished guests have been many celebrated artists, including Mrs. Langtry and Madame Adelina Patti. There arc few hotels in Canada or the United States which equal the Kossin House for accommodation. The number of its bedrooms is 187, all furnished in first- class style, while its drawing-rooms and boudoirs are perfectl}' sumptuous in their artistic decorations and furniture. Suites of apartments have been provided for families, with bathrooms and every convenience and comfort. The general arrangement of the house may be said to be complete in every detail. A handsome passenger elevator affords easy access to every floor, in addition to which are five stairways leading from the top- Toronto " Called Back' yn most story to the ground floor. At night, the heads of these points of egress are distinguished by red lanips, so that guests have only to approach one to find a way onen to the street. For additional safety the staff remains on duty till midnight, when the hotel is surrendered to the care of four watchmen who tread the corridors, and make their regular rounds until four o'clock in the morning, when one section of the day staff commences its duties. The sanitary arrangements are perfect ; the cuisinerie unexceptional, and the situation most central, commanding and convenient. The ventilation of the building is thorough and complete. The two dining halls when thrown into one will accommodate 450 guests, and the citizens of Toronto may well feel a pride in having a hotel, which, for fifty years, has held so conspicious a place in her history. : r Cathedral of St. Alban the Martyr. The corner-stone of this building was laid on the 16th of June, 1887, by the Right Reverend Arthur Sweatman, D.D.> Bishop of Toronto. The Cathedral Chapter was incorporated in 1883, and the Cathedral building was commenced in 1885. The establishment of a Cathedral for the Diocese of Toronto has been under consideration for many years, the object being to have a Church and Episcopal residence altogether distinct from ordinary parochial organizations, and forming a central point in the diocese from which the Bichop, with the advice of his Chapter, may exercise the functions of his office and his oversight over the whole diocese. The Cathedral will be built in a centiral position as regards the city and suburbs, being a little north of Bloor Street, between Albany and Howland Avenues, and when completed will be an ornament to the city. The work will be of red Credit Valley stone, in the early English style, and the design is in every way worthy of a Cathedral of the Church of England. The architect is Mr. R. Windeyer. After devotional exercises His Lordship laid the stone, using a handsome gold and silver trowel. Beneath the stone were deposited copies of the daily and Church papers, the current coins, Avith a memorial containing the date, the name of the building, 398 The QueetCs Jtibilee and the names of the Queen, Governor- General and Lieutenant- Governors, the Building Committee, Architect and Contractors. In his address His Lordship stated, that the property had in- creased in a few years from $4,000 to $58,000, and predicted that Bathurst Street, having a leading outlet to the north, would become a second Yonge Street. Houses are being built rapidly in the neighborhood and there is no doubt the erection ST. alban's cathedral. of this elegant building with a Chapter House and See, which will cost, when completed, $250,000, will enhance the value of property in the neighborhood and attract a superior class of residents. Rev. Dr. Potts, President of the Methodist Conference, by special invitation made an appropriate address, expressing the hope that the Cathedral might be made a blessing, and that the Bishop might be long spared to preside over it. Toronto " Called Back.'' 399 DEAN. The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Toronto. CHAPTER. The Ven. the Archdeacon of Peterboro'. '• R. Snelling, Esq., LL.D., Q.C., The Ven. the Archdeacon of York. ! Regialrar of the Dioceae, The Rev. Canon Brent, M. A. The Rev. Canon Sca«lding, D.D. The Rev. Canon Stennett, M.A. The Rev. Canon O'Meara, LL.D. The Rev. Canon Dumoulin, M.A. The Rev. Canon Osier. The Rev. Canon Treniayne, M.A. The Hon. Geo. W. Allen, Senator. His Honor Judge Benson. Robert H. Bethune, Esq. Edward M. Chadwick, Esq. James Henderson, Esq. John Carter, Esq. "'%l John R. Cartwright, Esq. i ^ Major Edward H. Foster. , ,>■ Progress of Tradw and Manufactures. ^" As the best evidence of the above a list of Importers and Manufacturers is given, not by way of a directory, nor at the request, or with the knowledge of any of tho.se whose names are given, but to show the growth of the city during the past forty years, as will be seen by comparison with the list of busi- ness men in 1847. This list is by no means complete, as some names may be omitted and new business enterprises are con- .stantly springing up in the city, either by removal from other places or directly by the investment of capital in manufactures through the confidence felt in the protection afforded by the present tariff. It will be borne in mind that the names of importers and manufacturers only are given, whereas all busi- ness hoases in 1847-18.50 are mentioned, a list of which in 1887 would far exceed our limits. ^ ^ i IMPORTERS. i> ; , V BICYCLES. Fane, T., & Co. Robinson, Chas. , & Co. BUTTONS. Edwards, E. W., «. Co. Flett, ]jowndes & Co. CARPETS. '^ Beatty, William, & Son. Foster, T. G., & Co. Kay, John. Macdonald, John, & Co. McMaster, Darling & Co. CAKRIAOE HARDWARE. Brown, William. Canada Carriage Parts Co. Conboy, W A , & Co. Dari l.jou, Charles, & Co. COTTON TliREAD. Clark & Co. ;;.-,-. .*.t- Coates, J. & P. CROCKERY. . Cross, W. H. Drynan, J. S. Edgar J. , & Son. *■' <'• ' '. 400 The Queens Jttdilee and 11. g CROCK KRV. (iowans, Kent & Co, Harrison, Glover. Lewei's, R. S. Patton & Co. Tew, Richard & Co. CYCLOSTYLES. Oldham, W. DKNTISTS' SUPPLIES. C. H. Hubbard. DRY GOODS— WHOLESALE. Boyd Bros. & Co Brock, W. R., & Co. Bryce, McMurrich & Co. Caldecott, Burton & Co. Gale, J. W., & Co. Gordon, McKay & Co. Hughes Bros. Macdonald, John & Co. McMaster, Darling & Co. McMaster, W. J., & Co. Ogilvy, Alexander & Anderson. Rooney, Nicholas. Ross, Hilyard & Co. Samson, Kennedy & Co. Smith, G. B., & Partners. Tait, Burch & Co. Wyld, Grasett & Darling. DRY GOODS— RETAIL. Armson & Stone. Botsford, C. S. Catto, John, & Co. Eaton, James, & Co. Eaton, T., & Co. Eastwood, John, & Sou. Fenner, E. C. McKeown, Edward. Murray, W. A., & Co. Page & Page. Perryman, Edward. Petley & Petley. Robb, Hugh. Roche, Danford, & Co. Scott, James. Simpson, Robert. Simpson & Simpson. Thompson, Thoa., & Son. Walker, Robert, & Sons. Woodhouse, Thomas. druggists' sundries. Booth, George W. Smith & Mc(ilashan Co. DRUGS. Elliott & Co. Evans, Son & Mason. DRUGS. Lowden k Co. Pearce, James H. , & Co. Tallmadge, E. H., & Co. FANCY GOODS. Allen, C. & J. Bleasdell, W H., & Co. Foster & McCabe. Kauffman, Carl. Maycock, Edward. Nelson, H. A, & Son, Nerlich ■%. Co. Robertson, Frank C, & Co. Russell, J. H. Smith & Fudger. Weese, G. A. FANCY STATIONERY, Bryce, William, Taylor, C. M., & Co. FIRE ARMS. Cooper, W. M. Stark, Charles. FISHING tackle. AUcock, Laight & Westwood. Croft, Wm , & Son. Leckie, John, GAS FIXTURES. Keith & Fitzsimmons. Lear, R. H, McGuire, J., & Co. gents' FURNISHINGS. Fisher & Fisher. Sims, A. H., & Co. Treble, J. M. GROCERIES. Davidson & Hay. Dunbar, Richard. Eby, Blain & Co. Eckardt, Kyle & Co. Forbes, McHar;l> & Co. Fulton, Michie & Co. Kieran, F., & Co. Kinnear, T. , & Co. Lang, J. W., & Co. Perkins, Ince & Co. Sloan & Mason. Smith, Frank & Co. Smith & Keighley. Warren Bros. & Boomer. HARDWARE. Aikenhead & Crombie. Bertram & Co. Bertram, J. & A. Howland, H. 3., o: Soii. Toronto " Called Back'' 4QI HARDWARE. Lewis, Rice, & Son. Risley & Kerrigan. Samuel, M. & L., Benjamin & Co. Thompson, Wm., & Co. HATS, CAPS AND FOBS. Allan, A A , & Co. 6a8te(lo, C. N., & Co. Dunnett, McPherson & Co. Lugsdin, James. McArthur, Gowanlock & Co. LACE GOODS. White, Joselin & Co. LEATHER AND FINDINGS. Alexander, D. M. Belton, John. Clarke, A. R. , & Co. Dowker, H. B. Jacobi, Philip. King Bros. King, Joseph. Knees, Charles. McLean, D. Parsons, C, & Co. Pepler, James, & Son. Proctor, Henry. LINEN THREADS. • Davison, Samuel. MEDITERRANEAN PRODUCE. Bendelari, E., & Co. MILLINERY. Goulding, G., & Sons. Ivey, John D., & Co. McCall, D., & Co. McKimion, S. F., & Co. May, Thomas, & Co. Reid, Taylor & Bayue. PAINTS AND OILS. E. Harris Co. Hovenden, Richard. Sanderson & Pearcy. Stewart & Wood. Paton, J. W.,&Co. PLATE GLASS. Cobban Manufacturing Co. McCausland, J., & Son. St. Helen's Glass Importing Co. Toronto Plate Glass Importing Co, printers' SUPPLIES. Qwatkin & Son. Miller & Richard. SADDLERY HARDWARE. Davidson, Charles, & Co. SADDLERY HARDWARE. Martin, G. W. Spriggs & Buchanan. Trees, Samuel. Woodbridge, T. C. SEWING MACHINES. Empress Sewing Machine Co. Singer Sewing Slachine Co. Wheeler & VVilson S. M. Co. tailors' trimmings. Edwards, E. W., & Co. Mills & Hutchinson. TEAS. Cowan John W., & Co. V' Mann, George, & Co. ,,' Minto Bros. Musson & Morrow. Williamson & Lambe. WATCHES, CLOCKS AND JEWELLERY. Benham, H., & Co. Ellis, James E., & Co. Ellis, P. W.,&Co. Frenkel, Samuel. Goldsmiths Co. Gimther, E. & A. Lee & Chillas. Lowe & Anderson. Robinson & Brother. Rothschilds & Co. Saunders, Max. Scheuer, Edmund. Segsworth, J. C. Smith & Fudger. Thayer & Co. Windmm, S. B. WOOL. Frind, Paul. Fisher, T. S., & Co Hallam, Johij. WOOLLENS —WHOLESALE. Alison, Thomas. Darling, Cockshutt & Co. Fisher, M , Sons & Co. McKenzie & Hamilton. Nichol, Sutherland & Co. Ryan, John & Co. Williamson, Dignam & Co. WOOLLENS — RETA IL. Bilton Bros. Clark, P. M., & Co. Saunders, Bernard. Score, R., & Son. Stovel & Armstrong. YEAST. Fleischman & Co. Gillett, E. W. f -•g ? !!!i 402 Thi Queens Jubilee and MANUFACTURERS. ACCOCNT BOOKS. Brown Brothers. Barber & EIHh Co. Caraon & Stewart, Copn, Clark & Co. Davis & Henderson. Warwick & Son. AGRILCULTCRAL IMPLEMENTS. Abell, John. Massey Manufacturing Co. APPLE MACHINERY. W. D. Moody & Co. ARCHITECTURAL WOOD-CARVINO. Toronto Cabinet Co. ART rCRNITCRE. Ewing & Co. Smith, W. P.,&Co. ARTIFICIAL LIKM, Authors & Cot. Cluthe, Charles. Swinburne, W. H. • AWNINGS AND TENTS. Black, VV. G. Matthews, J. K. National Manufacturing Co. Pike, Duncan. BAKING POWDEB. Clark & Co., J. P. Collins, J. F. Gillett, E. W. Jardine, A., & Co. Todhunter, Mitchell & Co. BASKETS. ,, ! , Ashdown, Richard. Ehrensmann, A. " , . Moody, Edwin. .' r ' Moses, Andrew. '' ,. Theissen, John. i ;^ ' BELTING. Canadian Rubber Co. Dixon, F. E., & Co. Gutta Percha & Rubber Man. Co. Toronto Rubber Co. Williams, A. R. BELTS AND BRACES. Morrison, Angus, & Co. BILLIARD TABLES. Samuel May & Co. BISCUITS. Christie, Brown & Co. Hessin, William. BLACKING AND GLUE. Lamb, P. R. , & Co. BLACK LEAD. Pugsley, Dingman & Co. BLANKETS. Standard Woollen Mills. BOAT BUILDERS. Akroyd & Son. Bassett, Edward, Clendinning, J. A. Evans, Alfrad. FormMt, T. K. Gunsell, C. Heakes, S. R. Hicks, S. L. Hodson, Harry F. Ibbotson, James. Larsh, D. G. Noverre, F. A. Saulter, Thomas. . ^-f . • Warin, G. & J. -- '-■ BOILERS. ■■'■''' '.''^ ,^_ Currie Boiler Works. Doty, John, Engine Co. Garton Boiler Manufacturing Co, Inglis & Hunter. Perkins, John. Poison, Williams & Co. ,. Ramage, Alfred. Williams, A. R, BOLT AND NUT WORKS. Ontario Bolt Co, (Limited). BOOK BINDERS. Barber & Ellis Co, Blackball, W, B, Brown Brothers, , ; ' Canada Publishing Co, Davis & Henderson. Gage, W. J., &Co. Hunter, Rose & Co, Methodist Book and Pub. House. Warwick & Sons. Union Publishing House, BOOTS AND SHOES, Cooper & Smith, Damer & Son. Hamilton. H. F. I Toronto '^ Called Back.'' 403 House. BOOTS AND SHOES. Hamilton, W. B. King, J. D., &Co. Turner, Valiant & Co. Weston, F. J,, & Son. BRASS FOUNDKKS. Am tt, A. De(..i, Thomas. • E.v8man, A., & Son. Fo;(g, John. uauder Bros. Lauder & Thornton Manfg Co. Meailows, Samuel. Morrison, James. llabjohn, Richard. Simpson & Whittaker. BRIDOK BUILDERS. D>>minion Bridge Co. BRUSHES AND BROOMS. BaHon, E. W. i v Boewkli vC Sons. Cobb, Willum. Nelson, H. A., 4 Sons. . f Pearson, R. S. Pullen, Joseph. Richards, Thoma«.. Rossiter, Aaron. Sanderson & Pill iw. Smith, Robert. Wilson, James. Woods, Walter. & Co. CANNERS AND PRESERVERS. Richardson, C , & Co. Snyder, Willi *m A., & Co, CAI'RIAQBS. Briscoe, Wi'iiam. Dixon, Joh.i. Dixon, WiJiam. Guy, Mat ohew. Hutchin^jn & Son. Symons % Lockhart. Thompbon Bros. CARPETS. Unsei, George. CHAINS. , Doninion Chain Works. CIEMISTS, MANUFACTURING. Evans' Sons & Mason. Lyman Bros. & Co. Toronto Chemical Works. CIGARS. Davis, S. , & Sons. CIGARS. ,/. Dobson, W. E. Eichhorii & Carpenter. Fletcher, Michael. O'HoUoran, Denis. , , • Roberts, J. D. v ' Spilling Bros. ' ' ' Taylor & Wilson. Wowl Brothers. CIUAK BOXES. Kidd, William, & Co. Simmington, J., & Sons. .' , CLOTHING. Lailey, Watson & Co. . . Livingstone, Johnston & Co. . COCOA AND CHOCOLATE. Todhunter, Mitchell & Co. COFFEE AND SPICE MILLS. Barton, Son & Co. Dal ton Brothers. Ellis, Keighley &Co. Watson, James. Wilson, C, & Son. CONFECTIONERY.. Beasley, William. Craig, J. F. Hessin, William. Park, W. W.,&Co. Robertson Bros. Watson, R. & T. COMBS. Elrick, C. G., & Co. COPPERSMITHS. American Copper Co. Booth & Son. CORKS AND BUNGS. Auld, John. Freysing & Co. CORNICES AND GALVANIZED IRON. Douglas Bros. CORSET.?. ( Brush & Co. CanniflF, J. A. - Crompton Corset Co. Gray & Harold Manfacturing Co. Telfer Manufacturing Co. dentists' SUPPLIE.S. Toronto Dental Manufacturing Co. DIE MAKERS. Banfield, A. H. 404 The Queens fubike and W: DOVETAIL ASI) .lOINTED BOXES. Wood, John, & Sons. York Milling Co. DRUGS, Elliott & Co. Lyman Broa. & Co. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. Ball Electric Light Co. ELECTRICIANS. Frame & Co. Norman, Addison. Richardson, J. T, ELECTROTYPKRS A.\D STEREOTYPKRS. Diver, F., & Co. Jones, J. L. National Electro and Stereo. Co. Kolph, Smith & Co. ELECTRO-PLATERS. Dorien Plating and Manfg Co. Paris Manufactuiiiig Co. Wells, W. W. ELEVATOR.S. » Fensora Elevator Works. ENGINES. Doty, John. Inglis & Hunter. Northey & Co. Perkins, .John. Poison, William, & Co. ■'-.)•. ;» Smith, Charles, & Co. Williams, A. R. FEATHER TRIMMINGS. Woodcock, Edwin. FKATil ERS — OSTRICH . Butler, J. W. A. Dubois, Madame, & Fils. FILES. .5«ir;>s Graham File Works. FIRK APPARATPS. Fire Extinguishing Manfg Co. Richardson, J. T. V FLOUR MILLS. Barclay, Alexander. Citizen Milling Co. ,. . , McLaughlin & Moore. FURNACES AND RANGES. Gurney, p]. & C , Co. Pease, J. F. , Furnace Co. Toronto Furnace Co. Wheeler, Frank. FtTRNITITRE. AUm Furniture Co. Ewing & Co. Hess Tiros. JoUiffe & Co. Rogers, Chas., Sons h, Co. Samo, J. H. Smith, W. T.,&Co. Spanner & Co. FURRIERS. Allan, A. A., & Co. Basteamuel. Windrum, S. B. York, J. J. jewellers' boxes. Hemming Bros. & Co. KMT (JCIODS. Lamb Knitting Machine Co, New, J. H, & Co. LADDERS. . • McFarlane, (Jeorge. ;' ladies' KrRNISHINT.S. Allan Manufacturing Co. Page & Page. Gray & Harohl Manfg, Co. LAMP FIXTURES. Toronto Light King Lam]) Co, LINEN BAGS. Dick, Ridout & Co. 27 LAHTH. Iredale, .J. C , & Co. Selway & Lendon. LEAD WORKS. Ontario Lead and Barb Wire Co. Roljertson, .Fames, & Co. LETTER FILES. Schlicht & Field Manfg. Co. MANTLES — WOOD. Ewing & Co. Toronto Cabinet Co. Wright, J , & Son. MARIII.K. Gibson, .J. (i. GuUett, F. B. Heaslij), .S. R. Macintosh, IJ., h Son. Oakley, (Jeorge. Pearen, J. E. Powell & Parkinson. .Sheppard, R., & Son. Steiner, N. L. MATTRASSES. Cahill, 1) P. Canada Wire Mattrass Co. Chaney & Co. Chapman, Charles. Hepi) 11, J. J. Hew Ittt Manufacturing Co. Saviicool, N W. Smith, H. J. Thorne & Co. Townshend, J. E. VanSkiner, Samuel. Wills, Mrs. E. Whitworth & Restall. METALLIC SHIN(iLES. Metallic Rooting Co. .METALLrRCJISTS. Dewar, J. D. METAL STAMPS Fell, J. C, &Co. Kenyon, Tingley, Stewart & Co. MILL MACIIINERV. Greey, Wm. & J, G. MITTS AND GLOVES. Clarke, A. R , & Co. MOl'LDIXOS. Black, Andrew. Cobban Manufacturing Co. Harkins & Smyth. McMahon & Woltz. Matthews Bros & Co. Threlkeld, J. J., & Co. I ' 1 i> i. ! I f 406 77/^ Queens Jubilee and NECKWEAR. Levian, E. A., & Co. Williamson, W. H., & Co. OILS. Crown Oil Co. Empire Oil Co. McColl Bros. & Co. People's Oil Co. Rex Oil Co. Rogers, Samuel, & Co. Sussman, Sons & Co. (Linseed). Standard Lubricating Oil Co. Star Oil Co. OKKICK FrRNITOKK. Bell, Wm. H , & Co. ()R(JAN8. Bell, D., Son & Co. Lye, Edward, & Son. Warren, S. B., & Son. OIUiAN RKKDS. Ne>vell, Augustus, & Co. OVERALLS Bradshaw, Alexander, & Son. Friendly & Co. Gray, R. H. , & Co. Latham & Lowe. PACKING BOXES. Barchard & Co. Firstbrook Bros. Powers, E. W. PAINTS. Peuchen, Collins & Co. Toronto Lead and C-olor Co. I'A PER BAGS. Brayley, Robert. Howorth & Smith. Kilgour Brothers. Nimmo, John. PAPER. Buntin, Reid & Co. Canada Paper Co. Taylor Brothers. PAPER BOXES. Dominion Paper Box Co. Hall, Samuel. Harrison. J. H. PIANOS. Heintzman & Co. — .,..-.- Herr Piano Co. Lansdowne Tiano Co. Mason & Risch. Newcombb, Octavius, & Co. Williams & Son. PICKLES AND .SAUCES, Bryant, Oibson & Co. Lundy & Co. Park, W. W., &Co. Richardson & Co. PICTURE FRAMES. Cobban Man. Co. Cook & Bunker. Ewing & Co. Housten, W. J. Matthews Bros. & Co. Potts, Edwin. Spronle, (i. F. Threlkeld, J. I., & Co. PKINTINii INK. Canada Printing Ink Co. P.'l'NIINC PRESSE.S. Westmai. & Baker. Vivian, J. H. PUMPS. Northey & Co. Ontario Pump Co. Plews, D. & C. Smith, Chas., & Co. RATTAN FURNITURE. American Rattan Co. REFRKJERATORS. Bryce Bros. Withrow & Hillock. SAFhS. Taylor, J. & J. SADDLERY HAUIJWARK. Birmingham Manfg. Co. SAILS. Adams, James. Pike, Duncan. SAWS. Robertson, James, & Co. ' SCALES. Warren, H. B . & Co. White, J. G. Wilson, C, & Son. SEWING COTTONS. Kerr & Co. SHlKTS. Williams, (ireene & Rome. Gale Manufacturing Co. SHOW (;AShS. Dominion Show Case Co. Milliohamp, W., & Co. SILVERWARE. Acme Silver Co. I >orieu Plating (.o. Hodges, VVinans & Co. Toronto Silver Plate Co. V Toronto " Called Back.'' 407 SOAP, Morse Soiap Co. I'ugsley, l)inginan & Co. Toronto Soap Co. SI'I4IN(; BEDS. Adams Maimfacturing Co. Hewlett Manufacturing Co. STRAW (JOOl)S. • Excelsior Straw Works. Ontario Straw Goods C'o. STi)VKS. Armstrong, J. R., &, Co. Gurney, b. & C. Co. Harte & Smith Mtinfg. Co. Toroiito Stove Co. SYRUP. Toronto Syrup Co. SUSPKXDER.S. Loughrey, James. Mcdrregor, Archibald. Morrison, Angus, & Co. TANNERS. Be&rdmore & Co. Bickell & Wiokett. Clarke, A. R., & Co, (iuittard, Victor. Heinrich George. Marlatt & Armstrong. Ontario Tanners' Supply Co. Toronto Tanning Co. TASSELS. Silberstein, F, , & Co, TIVNERS' SPPPLIES, McDonald, Kemp & Co. McDonald Manfg. Co. McGolpin, W. J. TRPNKS, Clarke, H. K., & Co. TWINES. Taylor Brothers. VARNISHES. Mackenzie, Musson & Co. VINEUAR. Lytle, T. A., & Co. Mathews Vinegar Manfg. Co. Wilson, William. WA(i(JONS. Bethell, .John. Bilbrough, Charles. Butt, Epliraim. i;iliott, G. R. Fry, Richii"d. Kearney, Patrick. Mahaffey, W., & Son. -- May, George. McLatchie, John. Morrison & Bolton. WAfJOONS, Smith, William, Sullivan, J. P. Walker, John. WALL PAPERS. Staunton, M., & Co. WASHINiJ MACHINES. Ferris & Co. , - Walton, B. W. WATCH CASES. American Watch Case Co. WHITE LEAD. Ontiirio Lead Works. Robertson, Jas., & Co. Toronto Lead & Color Co. WINDOW SHADES. Canadian Window Shaile Co. Macfarlane, McKinley & Co. Matthews, J. K. Queen City Window Shade Ca WIRE PENCINO. Toronto Picket Wire Fence Coi. WIRE MATS. Steel Wire Mat Co. WIRE WORKS. Partridge, Frederick. Ramsey, W. J. Rowe & Teskey. Toronto Wire Works. WOOD TURNINO. Chandler, R. H. Dinnis, Richard. Firstbrook Bros. Forbes, William. Fox & Company. Gall, George. Hastings & Peterkin. Kennedy & Co. ♦ Madill & Co. McCracken, R. A. Moir & McCoU. Norton & Dinsmore. Parkdale Lumber Man. & Bid. Co. Powers, E. W. Rathburn, George. Scholey liros. Pcott & Cross. Simpson, William. Smith, John B., & Son. Wagner, J. P., & Co. Witlirow & Hillock. Wood, John, & Son. York Milling Co. WOODEN WARE. Brandon Manfg. Co. WOOL MATS. Robinson, J. W. ;■ z z '^er4^ Toronto " Called Back.'' 409 I'lie fact is now demonstrated in Toronto that the growth and prosperity of manufactures does not diminish the impor- tntion of British and foreign goods, but that the importation of goods which are not made in Canada goes on steadily side by side with home manufactures. And so the wise and judi- cious policy which has proved so successful, and has so im- mensely promoted the growth and prosperity of Toronto, has, at the same t:>ne, been equally beneficial to the farming interests by securing a large home market for all their productions. as p < 7. o < The Permanent Exhibition of Manufactures. Nothing in modern times has tended more to create competi- tion, develop talent and promote the cultivation of art, science, trade and manufactures, than the exhibitions which have taken place during the past thirty-six years. The idea of establishing a Permanent Exhibition of Manu- factures in Toronto will be no exception to this rule, and the advantages to manufacturer and merchant in thus meeting for mutual exchange must be obvious. The exhibition of our domestic manufactures in a condensed form will save the mer- chant much trouble and expense, and promote the prosperity of b »th himself and the manufacturer. The building erected for the purpose is in every way suitable and convenient. The light, the arrangement of the goods, and the central position — being opposite the Queen's Hotel — will, iio doubt, all tend to its success, which may already be said to bo assured. Messrs. Nicholls and Howland deserve much credit for the conception and establishment of the Permanent Exhibition of Manufactures and Commercial Exchanffe in Toronto. Beinff free to the j)ublic, it will become a resort for visitors to the city. Sherbourne Street Methodist Oburch. This place of worship was opened on the 8rd of June, the services continuing for two weeks. Bishop Hurst, of Bufialo, Drs. Douglas and Carman, and Rev. E. A. Stattbrd officiated. The opening servicer were supplemented by an eloquent sermon if' ' t !i 410 T/itJ Qtieens Jubilee and preached on Sunday, the 26th of June, by the celebrated English Wesleyan divine and author, Rev. Mark Guy Pearse, who has thrilled and delighted large congregations by his sermons and lectures in Toronto and other cities in Canada during his late visit. The building is in the Romanesque style of architecture, and is built of gre}' Credit Valley stone, with dres.sings of brown stone fron the same quarries. The effect is harmonious and lJ3Ri >Nl0i-lJft t^ SHKilBOrUXK .STREET MKTHODIST tHUKtH. artistic, and the apnearance is pleasing and attractive. The interior arrangements are excellent ; the view of the platform being unobstructed, and the acoustic properties are good. The gallery is of horse-shoe form, and has a light, ornamental appearance, having an iron front of rich design, decorated in bronzes. The windows are of stained glass. Folding chairs have been introduced instead of pews, and afford more room and equal comfort. The cost of the building will be about SoO.OOO. Messrs. Langlej- & Burke are the architects, , Toronto " Called Back." 411 Proposed Drives Round the Oity. The proposed park system, by which a continuous drive round the city, by connecting the present parks, may bo secured, is daily gaining favor, and is likely to be carried into effect before long. This scheme will, undoubtedly, tend more to make Toronto attractive than anything before attempted. When accomplished, the most romantic scenery, especially in the neighborhood of Rosedale, will be developed, and with the assistance of art, all the natural beauties enhanced to such an •extent as to surprise and delight even tho.se who have lived all their lifetime in the neighborhood, and present new features of beauty and interest to all visitors to the city. In connection with the Don improvements now going on, the north-eastern portion of the city will shortly assume a position, as regards picturesque and romantic scenery, pleasure resorts, and sites for residences, equal to any around Toronto. Trans-Pacific Steamers. The most important event of the year for the Dominion in general, and Toronto in particular, has been the arrival of the steamship Abyssinia at Vancouver, from Yokohama, on the Itth of June, having made the passage in thirteen days four- teen hours, and being the first of the line. She had twenty- two cabin passengers for Liverpool, New York, and eastern points. Her cargo consisted of 2,830 tons of tea, silk and curios for Victoria, Winnipeg, St. Paul, Chicago, London, Hamilton, Toronto, Buffalo and New York. Although the contract for carrying the mails to India via the Suez Canal has been renewed, the granting of a subsidy to a line of steamers between Vancouver and Hong Kong by the Imperial Government may now be considered un fait accompli, and it is reported that a British regiment is to be sent over the Canadian Pacific route to India within a short time ; so that the prediction of a year ago is likely soon to be realized with regard to the prospects of Toronto on the line of this great highway. ',•*-: t, I I'! M 412 'JVie Queens Jubilee and Bmldings Completed Last Year. Bank of Montreal. College of Pliaruiacy. Manning's Arcade. Orange Hall. Young Men's Christian Associa- tion Building. Quel)ec Bank. New Fire Hall. LoinV)ard Street. Permanent Exhibition of Manu- factures Grant Lithographing Go's Build'g; Sherbourne St. Metliodist Church. Avenue Road Methodist Church. Episcopal Church of St. Pjarnabus. Beverley Street IJaptist Church. R.C.Church of Our Lady of Lourdes^ Buildings in Course of Construction. Parliament Buildings. City Hall and Court House. Canadian Bank of Connnerce. Medical Council Hall, Cornell's New Block, Barber & Ellis Co,'s Warehouse and Factory. St. Alban's Cathedral St. Mary's R. C. Church Bloor Street Presbyterian Church, Proposed Buildings and Churches. O. Newcombe it Co,'s Piano Manufactory, Herr & Co. 's Piano Manufactory, Methodist College, Drill Shed, Canada Life Assurance Building, Chalnier's Presbyterian Church. St, Augustine's Ejjiscopal Church. St, Simon's Episcopal Church. Richmond Street Methodist New Church. Western Methodist Church. Precious Metals in the World. 1850 1886 Coined (iold .?1,()2'),()00,0{K) P,680,(K)0,0()() Uncoined 2, V25,000,(KX) .3, 840, (KK), 000 Total Ookl S^\. ir)0,(MM),ooo 117,520,000,000 Coined Silver $1,5.")0,000,000 Uncoined 5,200,000,000 Total Silver .§6,7r)0,(XK),00 ) Total (iold and Silver !g9,90O,00O,(X)O Weight of (iold (tons) Weight of Silver " 4,rM0 148,000 $2,600,000,000 5,150,000,000 .$7,750,000,000 $15,270,000,000 10,760 201,000 i i'i National debt, 1837. National debt, 1887. ,£788,000,000 746,000,000 4'4 The Queen s Jubilee and New Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. Sir Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G., was sWorn in as Lieuten- ant-Governor on the 1st of June, 1887. Customs, Assessment and Post Office Statistics. TORONTO IMPORTS FOR YEAR ENDING 30th JUNE, 1887. Value ill 1887. Value ill 1886 $21,0'20,r)28 18,.310,145 Increase $2,710,383 Duty in 1887 ... . ^,273,038 Duty in 1886.... .3,419,26.-) Increase §853,773 Exports for year ending 30th of June, 1887 .. $3, 192, 1.57 CITY ASSESSMENT. Total for 1887 $82,8.37,400 Total for 1886 72,721, fi.W Increase $10,115,841 Estimated expenditure for 1887 $4,125,917 -.•":'-■, ' ■■-'"- ,",'■,"'■■■■-"'" TORONTO POST-OFB'ICE STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1886. Amount of Money Orders issued .*<337,60S 28 Amount of Money Orders paid 1,404,743 18 Number of Orders paid 88,140 Amount de[)osited in the Post-Office Savings Bank . $553,648 00 Number of letters delivered by carriers, exclusive of box holders and general delivery 9,776,409 Number of newspapers delivered 2,592,380 Number of letters posted 20,614,656 Number of cards posted. . . . 2,856,104 Amount of postage stamps sold $257,236 25 Steamers— A Comparison. LRNOTH. BRgADTll. TOXNA'JK, ShiiM, paddle, 1837 172 ft. 17 ft. 249 City of Rome, screw, 1887 560 ft. 52 ft. 8, 144 Toronto ''Called Back." 4'5 The Railways of the United Kingdom. In the year 1S42 there were 1,857 miles of railways open, and in that year the trains carried 18,45.^,504 passengers, while the aggregate traffic receipts amounted to £3,820,122. At present the authorized capitals have an aggregate of £1)27,748,- 988 sterling, or about iii54,G00,O0O,000. Adopting the year 1843 to compare with that of 1885, the following results are dis- closed : 18W 188.i Miles of railway open 1,9.V2 19, Hio * . Total actual capital i;(J5,530,79'2 .€818,858,058 Passengers 23,4015,8»() ()97,'21.S,()31 Canadian Railways, In 1849, when the writer made his first journey to Montreal and Quebec, the only railroads in Canada were a few miles between Lachine and Montreal, and from Laprairie to St. John's, and were of the most primitive character, the rails being plain plates of iron fastened with ii*on .spikes. The carriages were of Enjjli.sh make nnd I'a-^hion, havins: doors at the sides only, and the compartments, consisting of six seats in each, were on the vis-a-vi^ principle. The Lachine I'oad was utilized for the conveyance of ihe Upper Canada maiLs, and tho.se passengers who preferred going through that way to Montreal rather than ^'.shooting the rapids," or in ca.se of the steamers not going through the .same evening, in 1887 the principal railway statistics of the Dominion give the following figures: Total mileage of railways completed 11,523 Amount of capital paid up ^653,759,944 Passengers carried 9,861 ,024 Tons of freight carried 15,670,460 Train mileage 30,481,088 Remarkable Features in the Royal Jubilee Procession. Each section of the procession was preceded and followed by an escort of Life Guards, by heralds, and by grooms in gorgeous livery. The Life Guardsmen alone, with their magnificent horses, were a sight. * -v:^; ;•; - . - * - - ' 4i6 The Queen'' s Jubilee and The start' of the Duke of Cambridjye, the General commanding in chief, consisted of fifty generals — all of whom had been in battles, and nearly all cf whom are distinguished soldiers — with their white plumes waving in the air, and their prancing steeds ; the sight was one never to be forgotten, for who will again see half a hundred generals in procession ? They were followed by native officers of the Indian Cavalry in gorgeous uniforms. Every man of the picked troops which lined the streets, 10,000 on each side, was fully six feet in height. Prince Frederick William, Crown Prince of Prussia, who is extremely popular in England, in his pure white uniform, shown ort' to perfection by his magnificent physique, out-topping all hi.s Royal companions, was the " observed of all observers," and attracted more attention than even the Indian princes, although resplendent with diamonds and jewels. Prince George of Greece, a splendid youth of seventeen, and six feet three inches in height, who is every inch a sailor, was much admired. The decorations of the streets and houses along the route of the procession were most beautiful and elaborate. The weather, which was essentially " Queen's weather," was perfect, and no single accident or unpleasantness occurred during the day to mar the enjoyment of the millions who witnessed the magnificent pageant. \^^ The Children's Fete in Hyde Park. No description of the Jubilee celebrations would be complete without some account of the children's fete. This was an assembly of an eminently domestic kind, one which appealed to all hearts and touched a sympathetic chord in every breast. The unnumbered thousands of spectators were all of one mind, and the happiness of the children was reflected in all faces present. The arrangements were perfect in every detail. The military bands, of which there were ten, were stationed at various parts of the ground and played at intervals throughout Toronto " Called Back!' 417 waft itnessed omplete was an ippealed breast, je mind, lU faces il. The oned at oughout the day. In addition to a squadron of Life Guards, and a large number of the Foot Guards, there were 3,000 policemen, of whom 100 were mounted, co-operating with the military in keeping the ground clear. There were ten marquees, in which the food was distributed to the children, presided over by a number of the leading nobilit}', both ladies and gentlemen. The extent of the catering arrangements may be gathered from the fact that Messrs. Spiers & Pond supplied no fewer than 27,700 moat pies, as many cakes, as manj^ oranges, 56,000 buns, and 9,000 gallon.s of lemonade and ginger ale. As to the amusements, there was a small army of about 450 entertainers. Twenty Punch and Judy shows, eight marion- nette theatres, eighty-six cosmoramic views and peepshows, nine troops of performing dogs, ponies, and monkeys, hundreds of Aunt Sallies and knock-'em-downs, a hundred large lucky dip barrels, a thousand skipping ropes with jubilee handles, 10,000 small balloon.s, and 42,000 toys, distributed at the centres of amusements, and to each child was given a Jubilee medal and mug. The Prince and Princess of Wales, and their sons and daugh- ters, accompanied by a large number of the Royal guests, visited the Park during the fete. The children rushed towards the Royal guests,' when all etiquette vanished, and the princes and princesses, who seemed delighted at their position, mixed among the children with perfect freedom and plea.sure. All at once the children began to sing " God Bless the Prince of Wales." When the Queen arrived, the children massed themselves along both sides of the road where Her Majesty passed, when the bands played the National Anthem and the children all .sang with grand effect. When the Queen departed the whole asseui- blajje sang " Rule Britannia." This was a fitting and beautiful exhibition with which to ■close the public celebration of the grandest event in the history of any monarch of ancient or modern times. Of the sixteen reigning sovereigns of the present time, leav- ing out the Queen herself, and including the President of the United States and Pope Leo, four were actually present, and all 4i8 The Queen s Jubilee and the others were represented on this glorious occasion. In the historic Abbey of Westminster, built by King Edward the Confessor, which, more than 800 yeaxs ago, Pope Nicholas If. ordained to be the place of enthronement for the monarchs of England, whose walls are hallowed by monuments to all whom England holds great — kings, statesmen, heroes, philanthropists and poets — the Queen, surrounded by her children, her grand- children, and her great-grandchildren, returned thanks to the Almighty for her fifty years of reign. To witness this act of homage to the Divine power there came kings, princes, and potentates, and representatives from every nation in the world. Never in the history of England has so proud a sight been .seen. There were Peers of the Realm, the Commons, High Officers of State; India furnished her princes, Canada niid Australia and all the Colonies sent men who have sustained the dignity of the Crown in the.se distant lands. But hark I the benediction is pronounced, the choir sends up the final song of prai.se and triuuiph, its echoes die away in the groined roof of the Abbey ; the great portals open, the brilliant procession files down the nave, issues forth, and wends its way back to the Palace. At this moment the lonely splendor of the oi-own vanishes. The reward of fifty years of beneficent reign has come. As the Queen passes the crown shines out in all its glory, but no longer alone, for it is illumined by the upturned faces of thousands and tens of thousands and millions of hir grateful people, as they .shout with one heart and one voice, " Long live the Queen." Jubilee Choral Concert. Dr. Mackenzie's " Ode," set to music by Mr. Bennett, was. given at the Crystal Palace on the 24th of June, by 3,500 per- formers and celebrated soloists, before an immense audience,. Madame Albani, an artiste of whom Canada may well fiel proud, being the principal soprano singer, and was triumph- antly successful. The " Ode " opens with a full chorus : Toronto " Called linck." *' For tifty yuara our Queen, Victoria, hail I " Wild clanging Vte'is and thund'roUH cannon Shook the a r and made it ijuiver From Deo to Ta nur, Thaniee. lo Shannon. O Queen, the people of thine homelands greet thii*. One in impulse, one in heart. Hushed are all discordant wranglings, Foenien stern now cease their janglings. Sword and shield are laid apart ! O Queen, in harmony thy lieges meet thee I 419 • :. ' /• . -• r Sons of the Dominion /■' ■ t'"^ ■". See, they load the way I ' ■ i'i''.' I '■ t ,.,1 ^ From where Atlantic surges, Pacific wavelets, play, I'Vom storied town and riverside, itr-mmm * -*' ■ From mountain and from plain. '■'• '' \ An ancient throne their rallyiug-pi-int. ' ' •'' - - "God save the Queen ! " their strain. ■i - , . '. y'' '~ Come now from Austral lands, ..'-■ Up from the under-world : Firm hearts and willing; hands, • '' "'/''■■ • -' Wide is their flag unfurled I ^Ki : '^'M '•-- Hark, their stentorian cheer. ** ■ >M. ;r : . Heard once in deadly fight, Once when for cause held dear 1 ^. ,'.,..■■' ■-"■'■ ' ■ ■ Brave souls that knew no fear ,1 . ' \ ■■ Struck home for Britain's might. ■i And India's dusky sons pass on *-4 > In glittering array, 7 Km The last and greatest tribute laid - Before the throne this day. • 3 ':'-!.'' . ^ ^ More than crown of monarch precious . That which nt>w thy people give thee, , iA ■ ''■*' Flower-antwined, made of blossoms "^'•'j-m ■/-', Gather'd in the beauteous garden Where forever bloom scent-laden ^' Words and deeds of purest nature. Loving daughter, wife devoted. [ [ ___ Tender parent, friend so faithful, r ■ ' ; , - ■■ -■■■■■■'' ^gM [) i 420 T/ie Queen s Jubilee and Ever with the stricken grieving, Ever with the glad rejoicing, Lo, on this great day we crown thee, Queen of all our hearts, Victoria I Lord of life and light and glory, (lod of our world-empire's story. Low we bow before Thy throne, Praise is Thine, and Thine alone. King of kings, protect this nation. Lord of lords, be our salvation Tn the stress of trouble's day, O Most High, on Thee relying, Now and ever ill defying. We securely rest for aye I Now in one heartfelt bond of love For her who wields our Emjiire's power, Now on this day of .Jubilee. Now in this glad and solemn hour Lot the prayerful anthem rise High and higher to the skies. As a climax, the author's new verse, which was added to the National Anthem, was oiven with all the force of choir, organ, orchestra, and the distant booming of cannon, which were fired by electricity from the conductor's desk. The composer succeeded in infusing local coloring into each section represented in his composition. The arrival of the Canadians is nidicated by the imitation of sleigh bells, and so with the oiher divisions of the Colonies, the music being adapted to eaci.. The new verse added to the National Anthem is as follows: For I er we thank Thee, Lord, And now, in glad accord, Thy goodness praise. Strong thy defence and sure. Keep her from harm secure. So may thy love endure . , Through all her days. Toronto " Called Back.'' 421 Letter from the Queen. The following letter from the Queen has been received by the Right Hon. the Secretary of State for the Home Depart- ment : — " Windsor Castle, June 24th. " I am anxious to express to my people my warm thanks for the kind, and more than kind, reception I met with on going to and returning from Westminster Abbey, with all my chil- dren and grandchildren. " The enthusiastic reception I met with then, as well as on all these eventful days in London, as well as in Windsor, on the occasion of my Jubilee, has touched me most deeply. It has shown that the labour and anxiety of fifty long years, twenty-two of which I spent in unclouded happiness shared and cheered by my beloved husband, while an equal number were full of sorrows and trials, borne without his sheltering arm and wise help, have been appreciated by my people. " This feeling, and the sense of duty towards my dear country and subjects, who are so inseparably bound up with my life, will encourage me in my task, often a very difficult and arduous one, during the remainder of my life. "The wonderful order preserved on this occasion, and the good behaviour of the enormous multitudes assembled, merit my highest admiration. " That God may protect and abundantly bless my country is my fer\'ent prayer. "VICTORIA R. AND T." The entire celebration may be said, in the language of the Times, to have left " Cavilling dumb with delight " : "Amidst a tumult of rejoicing, unequalled in the memory of this and many past generations, the Jubilee culminated in a passion of festivity and thanksgiving. Only they who have lived in and through it can reali.'^e the wondrous thrill and glow." A TESTIMONY OF LOYALTY. The Post says : — " Congratulation is due both to the Queen and to the people. No Sovereign ever received more sincere testimonials of respect and affection. Never has a people testified its loyalty in a more admirable fashion." 28 422 The Queen s Jubilee and THE PAGEANT WORTHY OF THE OCCASION. The Ecxvs says: — "The pageant was worthy of the country and of the occasion. Flattery could not say more, and the truth does not allow the .soberest" chronicler to say less. The Queen's welcome was perhaps the heartiest, as it certainly was the most magnificent, she ever received." DEMONSTRATIONS OF A NATIONS LOVE. • The Standard says : — "The august ceremony passed off with splendid success, amidst such deinonstiations of a nation's love as these islands have rarely seen. Nothing occurred to mar the noble ani imposing character of the whole scene. Never within the memory of the present generation has England witnessed anything half so splendid." THE GOOD VICTORIA. The Telecraph says: — "The Jubilee has come and gone in a blaze of pleasure, success, and happy national emotion. The good Victoria, the centre and climax of the spectacle, was greeted with such cheers of love, reverence and benediction as no crowned head ever before received." # -*■• Jubilee Gifts for Her Majesty. The permanent memorials of the Queen's Jubilee consist of numerous benevolent and charitable institutions all over the Empire; also of statues, public buildings, and various enter- prises which will perpetuate the event throughout all time to come. The gifts presented to Her Majesty comprise the rarest and most valuable productions of all climes, and are now to be seen in the form of a museum. The Geraian Crown Prince, on behalf of Emperor William, pre^^ented a marble slab, upon which is carved the arms of Germany and medallions of the Emperor and Empress. The King of the Belgians presented a beautifully figured silver cup, two feet high. The King of Denmark gave a china vase painted by one of the foremost artists. The Queen of Hawaii presented a feather screen. I.. . ' Toronto "' Called Back'' 423 list and DC seen /^illiam, Inns of Itiffured one of At Windsor, the Queen unveiled a statue of herself, the gift of the citizens of Windsor. Her Majesty also received the gift from the women of England, subscribed by over three millions of her subjects. This valuable and interesting gift was a sum of £80,000 ($400,000), which was presented in the presence of two hundred peeresses. This present will take the form of an equestrian statue of the late Prince Consort, to be erected in Windsor Park. The surplus funds will be devoted to the permanent benefit of the poorer classes. The money is to be applied to the founding of an institution for promoting the education, and maintaining of nurses for the sick poor in their own homes. The centre of the institution is to be in London, with branches in Edinburgh and Dublin. As the Queen has always, since the death of her husband whom she nursed in his illness, taken the deepest interest in nursing the sick, and delights in visiting the homes of her servants, and even of the peasantry in the neighborhood of Balmoral in case of sickness, it was at her suggestion that the money is to be applied in this way. The present was accompanied by an address on vellum, fringed with gold, bearing the Royal arms, and ornamented with the arms of the cities of London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Dublin, etc. The presentation was made by Lady Stafford^ who was accompanied by a deputation of about 150 ladies. The Pope's gift consi.^ts of a mosaic reproduction of Raphael's fresco representing an allegorical figure of Poetry. Among.st the valuable presenta 1 • 's made from the Colonies was a gold casket studded vith bv ^je diamonds, and a casque of native wood mounted in silver and jewels from Natal. The address Irom Madras is enclosed in a gold casket. The model of an elep mt and its mahout is exquisite, and the gold- smith work of tlu 'nost elaborate kind. An ivory caske. containing the address from Bombay is richly carved in Vandykes and Indian arabesques. The four gold corner columns are each surmounted by the Imperial Crown, while the end panels carry the Royal arms and those of the city of Bombay in solid gold. 424 The Queen s Jubilee and m f f ^ The collection of the Jubilee gifts is being exhibited at the Bethnal Green museum. The total number is 779. The final figures show the exact amount of the Women's Jubilee offering to amount to £84,116, of which the contri- butors ai'e : in England, 2,200,122, and the amount, £62,070; Scotland, 415,105, and £10,871; Ireland, 158,620, and £3,085; Wales, 172,948, and £3,118; Guernsey and Alderne}-, 8,883, and £250; Jersey, 4,703, and £104; Isle of Man, 3,290, and £128 ; foreign. 5,859, and £1,258 ; Ceylon, 100,000, and £1,182 ; Burmah, 70,000, and -£744 ; and Straits Settlements, £325 in amount. Of this sum, £10,000 is set aside for the erection and completion of the statue of the late Prince Consort, which is an enlarged replica of the statue by Baron Marochetti at Gla,sgow, and is to be erected in Windsor Great Park. £70,000 is be applied to the institution for nurses, who are to be styled, " The Queen's Messengers." This institution may not improb- ably be grafted into St. Katherine's Hospital, which, from the time of Queen Phillippa, has always enjoyed the patronage of the queens of England. The surplus beyond these sums is to be devoted to the purchase of a personal ornament, which it is hoped will be worn by the Queen, as an additional and ever present reminder of the ati'ections of her 3,000,000 of subjects who contributed, and of the other millions who, had time per- mitted, would doubtless have availed themselves of the oppor- tunity. The address of congratulation sent to Queen Victoria was signed by 1,132,008 women of Great Britain. The Imperial Institute, As the outcome of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition, and at the same time the most enduring memorial of the Queen's Jubilee, the Imperial Institute has become an important factor among the institutions of the empire. A sum of £310,000 has been raised, exclusive of the contri- butions from India, and the foundations of the building are already laid. By the charter the Coi-poration is bound to establish an endowment fund of £140,000. Toronto ' ' Called Back. 425 was Thanks to the energy displayed by the Prince of Wales, and the zeal with which his ellbrts have been secontled, the Im- perial Institute has been launched in a manner which will go a long way to assure its ultimate success. The Imperial Insti- tute is intended to illustrate the material advances of the empire, to afford means of comparison with what is done by other countries, to establish means of obtaining commercial information, to further the advancement of trades and handi- crafts, by special exhibitions and otherwise, and to promote technical education, and the industrial arts and sciences. It is intended to be representative, not merely of what has been done throughout the empire, but of what is doing and is about to be done. In this Institute the Dominion will have an opportunity of displaying her resources and progress in every department, and by a perpetual display, although the exhibits may be changed from time to time, the productions of Canada will be constantly under the inspection of visitors from every part of the world, and it may confidently be expected that in the future, as in the past, Toronto will hold a conspicuous place, and that her exhibits will attract the attention and excite the admiration of millions of people. The Colonial Ministries have been expressing their opinion as to the wisdom of extending the Queen's title so as to cover the colonies. The Marquis of Lome approves of the title of " Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen of Canada, Australasia, South Africa, of the Colonies and Dependencies, and Empress of India." and iontri- lor are md to i, ?' jr PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. In this progressive age, events of great importance crowd into a short space of time. Even in one year, the history of Toronto em- braces many topics full of interest for the |)resent, and pregnnnt with hopes for the future. It has heen the aim of the writer to place on record the most prominent facts and incidents which have transpired during the present year, and partly to anticipate some of the " com- ing events," as they appear to "cast their shadows before." Judging from the partial realization of the predictions which I ventured to make two years ago, th(;re is a strong probability that in the year 1896, concluding the decade, all the prospects of Toronto's progress and growth held out in 188(') will be fully realized. The present edition has swollen to quite 518 pages, being an addition of over 180 pages, and as this has involved large additional expense, not counting any labor, as it has been more of a pleasure, the price of the present volume will be slightly increased, which I hope will not be deemed unfair or unreasonable. The flattering recep- tion the work has received is in itself a large compensation for the time expended, and as it was my first attempt at book-making, can- not be otherwise than pleasing and satisfactory. The distribution of nearly 500 copies in Great Britain and Ireland (300 having been ordered by the Mjiyor and Aldermen of the City), has elicited the most satisfactory evidence of the favor with which information as to the "wonderful giowth and progress of Toronto" has been received ; and if, as I stated in the first chapter, desirable citizens shall be added to her population through the influence of Toronto " Called Back," I shall be amply repaid for my humble efforts to accelerate the progress of the Queen (!ity of the West. C. C. TAYLOR. 35 Grosvenor Street, October, 1888. . \ i. • ODE TO LAKE ONTARIO. Thou inland sister-sea, Ontario I To glide upon thy bosom is sublime ; There note thy peaceful, steady, onward flow, Cej'seless and constant as the course of time I Thy waters seem the same, yet ever new — Fell by a tiiousand streams on eitlier side ; The same clear sky, the same thy depths of blue, Free as the nations bord'ring on thy tide ! Vast upper-lakes feed thee with lib'ra) hand, From higher lands as new as thine hath been ; Where still the Indian and his wigwam stand, He half amaz'd with what his eyes have seen ! To thy embrace — like gallant lover bold — Niagara rushes in his mad career. Till tir'd and spent, past whirling eddies cold. He calmly sinks to rest when thou art near I Last of the inland seas I yet nearest home — Thy waters soon shall swell the mighty deep. And mingle with the ocean's briny foam, There shalt thou rest — ^and there forever sleep ! — Jmrie. Page 274, for 1885 read 1855. Page 237, for St. Louis |1,036.77 read $1,036,770. Page 207, for 16.1, 12.00 read —16.1, —12.00. KXPLANATION. Government House was the temporary residence of the Prince of Wales in 1860, while members of his suite occupied apartments in the Rossin House. In 1880, Prince Leopold, on his first visit to Toronto, occupied apartments in the Queen's Hotel, and, on his return from the Western States, is registered, with his suite, at the Rossin House. • I ^Vales in )U8e. irtments gistered, I W :fi |; \ |f i ' r f' \ ? ': 1 .: ?'!! It :'X i i J i t ' Ik k; EDWARD F. CLAKKK, M.l'.P., Mayor of Toronto. TORONTO "CALLED BACK" (FROM 1888 TO 1847) AND QUEEN'S JUBILEE. Toronto in 1888. Perhaps never in the history of the world did a new year dawn on a young city more auspiciously than 1888 has dawned on our young and prosperous city of Toronto. Her citizens may appropriately say, "The lines have fallen unto us in pleasant places, and we have a goodly heritage," Beautiful for situation, the central point of attraction for the whole Dominion, Toronto is also fast becoming a centre of everything that constitutes a great city — manufactures, commerce, education, tine arts, all have a home here, and extend their influence from ocean to ocean, while as a " city set on a hill," the name of Toronto has become the synonym of order, morality, temperance and religion. Benevolent and charitable institutions abound on every hand, and are rapidly increasing, so that to-day there is no class of sick, poor, helpless or unfortunate unprovided for, and it may literally be said there is " no complaining in our streets." Allowing for the average changes in business, and a few fail- ures, the position of Toronto to-day is one of prosperity, con- tentment and enjoyment, while the prospects are of the most hopeful and cheerful character. By the suppression, or total extinction of the liquor traffic, every source of misery and of crime would be abolished, and many of those places at present provided for the unfortunate b .4 1 ■■*■ ■ 1 i ■ ,i 1 i 1 1 ■■'; J 1 i i'i .! * 430 T/ie Queen s Jubilee and and criminal classes would cease to exist, making our fair city a model for the world. The Fleming By-law, by which over ninety saloons and places for the sale of li([uor have been closed, was a step in the direction intimated, and although not followed up by a further reduction the present year, there is no reason why the move- ment towards total prohibition should not still advance towards complete accon;plishment. In the meantime the establishment of a dipsomaniac institution is contemplated. There is not a shadow of doubt as to the future of Toronto, and everything tends to the complete realization of the appar- ently sanguine hopes entertained by the writer when, two years ago, he ventured to publish them. The two years of the civic administration of Mayor Rowland, supported by the two best councils the city had ever seen, have been marked by a steady progress and improvement in Ihe expansion of the city, a rapid increase in the value of property, the initiation of large schemes for the future, and looking to a still greater increase lT wealth and population. These great undertakings very properly having in view the requirements of a great city are conceived, and it is to be hoped will be carried out, with a spirit of enterprise and liberality commen- surate with the anticipated wants of its future greatly increased population. The choice of the people resulting in the election of EDWARD F. CLARKE, ESQ., in the double capacity of Member of the Provincial Legislature and Chief Magistrate for 1888, will no doubt be fully justified by the course he intends to pursue as foreshadowed by his com- prehensive inaugural address, and the present council may be confidently expected to support and sustain His Worship in every measure calculated to promote the welfare and prosperity of the city ; and it is to be hoped that no parsimonious or cheese-paring policy of obstruction, or show of false economy, will either prevent or retard the carrying out of the schemes at present contemplated, either for the improvement or beau- tifying of the city. Toronto " Called Backy 431 THE ESPLANADE. It will be seen by ret'ereuco to the plan of Kivas Tully, Esq., in iM'jO, for the construction of brid their destination either east, west, north, or south, and visit all the grandest scenery on the American continent in the most convenient and inexpensive manner, where the disciples of Nimrod and Izaak Walton may indulge their passion or love of adventure with certain success amongst the thousands of islands and lakes, all within easy distance, Toronto can "hold her own" against all competitors. And to sum up, it is not too much to say, that not only does she occupy the centre of the Dominion of Canada, but the centre of the Empire on the Western Hemisphere, as truly as London does in the Eastern, as her contiguity to India, Australia, the West Indies, and all other British possessions, fully shows. Winter of 1887-1888 in Toronto Will be remembered as, perhaps, the most delightful and en- joyable in the memory of the oldest inhabitant. If anything were necessary to be added to what has already been said in favor of the climate of Toronto, the experience of the past winter would be sufficient to prove its salubrity and healthfulness. There has been sufficient snow to make excellent sleighing for several month.s, and frost to afford the lovers of winter amusements every facility for skating and tobogganing, without a single day of what may be called extremely cold weather. In this respect Toronto seems to be especially favored, and without anything like uop/eciation of the position of our neigh- bors across the line, may be allowed to congratulate herself on beiag free from the extremes which have been reported from many States of the Union. From one of their own papers published in Cincinnati, we give a rather humorous poem, after the style of Longfellow, which aptly describes the weather there the late winter, while it may be stated as a fact, that in one week, one hundred and fifty persons perished from cold under the most terrible circumstances, in the Dakota territory alone ; children having been frozen to death, on their way home from school, and men and women, Toronto " Called Back.'' 435 attending to their ordinary duties within reach of their own homes, so terribl)' and rapidly were they stricken with the fatal blast, the thermometer indicating from forty to tifty below zero. SONG OF THK BLIZZARD. Mr. Blizzjird, from the north-west, From tlie hiiid of the Dukotahs, From tlio hind of the Missouri, From the wild iind howling prairies, Where the snow is piled like mountains, And the lakes are frozen solid — Now and then eomes strolling southward ; Coines across the Mississii)pi, Makes a bee line for Chicago, Paralyzes all he finds there ; Then he scoots for Indiana — Mr. Blizzard, of tlie north-west — Scoots across the Hoosier counties. Filling all the air with snowflakos, Freezing every ear he t !i they undoubtedly will, the demand forresidential property will keep pace with the influx of population, and so the ratio of progress will undoubtedly equal, if not exceed, that of any other portion of the city ; for as the river Thames made London, why should not the river Don assist in building up another great city in Canada ? In addition to all the other advantages possessed by this growing suburb, the prospect from the upper portions of the neighborhood is unsurpassed for beauty and extent, the whole city lying like a splendid picture before the eye of the de- lighted beholder. Turret and dome, spire and steeple, mingling with the chimneys of large factories, with the blue waters of Lake Ontario as a frame, is a .scene of beauty unsurpassed on the continent. Markets of Toronto. Food and raiment are the chief, and it may be said the only, necessaries of life, and having these we are commanded to be " therewith content." If so it becomes a question of great importance to those who reside, or intend to settle in a city, how far these great wants can be supplied, both as to quality and price. As regards the raiment, the splendid displays made in our palatial stores abundantly testify. Here the millionaire and his familj' can ])rocure the most luxurious and comfortable articles their most fastidiou.s* taste or extravagant wishes may desire, while the most lowly and humble laborer, or artizan, can find everything equally suitable to his wants, at prices corre- sponding with his means and requirements. As to food, in no city or country can be found more ample or abundant supplies to suit the circumstances of rich or poor. The great divisions of food — flesh, flsh, fowl and vegetables — which constitute the bulk of market supplies that Toronto, with other cities, looks to for the wants of her teeming popula- Toronto " Called Back. 439 tion, are in such abundance and at such prices that the poorest family maj'' enjoy all of these without stint. The display of meats in our markets will compare with the best in Great Britain, comprising even what may be considered delicacies, as v^enison.. and at certain times a " bear steak " is easily procurable. The Hsh markets are supplied daily, in addition to those in- digenous to our own lakes and rivers, in the shape of salmon trout, whitefisli, maskelonge, and brook trout, with salmon from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, .ind also trom the Sague- nay. Cod, haddock, halibut, mackerel, herring, bass, and many other varieties are to be nad in abandance. Oysters, in the season, and turtle, of which London aldermen might feel proud, are always within reach. Fowl are so cheap that no family need go without a Christmas goose or turkey, while fruit and vegetables in every variety are plentiful and cheap. The Agricultural Exhibition, held yearly in our magnificent grounds, affords ample evidence of the resources of the country in all natural products as well as manufactures, and while these display the wealth of the country, in a combined and con- densed form, to delight and astcmish the thousands of visitors who crowd the buildings and grounds on these occasions, a want is felt for a place more centrally situated where a perma- nent exhibition of cattle and their products, as well as horses and other animals, may be made, and to meet this want it is proposed to erect AN AGRICULTURAL HALL, so conveniently arranged, and of such size as to attract the farmers and cattle and horse dealers from all parts of the Dominion to compete for prizes, and for the purpose of mutu- ally stimulating each other in the production of the finest and purest specimens of the highest breeds it is possible to exhibit. In the promotion of this laudable enterprise. Alderman Frankland of this city has taken a prominent part, both in his civic capacity and as a loading shipper of cattle, of which trade he may bo said to be the pioneer, having sent to the value of 29 ^f^a wm 440 T/ie Queen's Jubilee and millions of dollars to Livei'pool and other Enf^lish markets. Through the influence of Mr. Ftankland and other leading agriculturists and cattle dealers, this project is likely to be soon carried to a succes.sful issue. Here also are to be exhibited all dairy products, especially cheese, which has become an article of extensive manufacture and export, while the quality has attained the highest reputa- tion in foreign markets. The products of the apiaries through- out the country are also of remarkable extent and excellence, as the display at the London and Colonial Exhibition in 188(5 gave most convincing pi'oof, an^tice to the views. TOnONTO. From east, west, north, and south, each point of observation presents Toronto in a dirt'eient aspect, and displays a variety of beauty and ijfrandeur. Tho view from the Island is very fine ; but from the deck of a steamer, as each street is passed, the observer is sti'uck with the commercial <;reatness of the city, and the beautifully symmetrical arranrjements of the streets, as each vista stretches away displaying splendid warehouses, banks and public buildings, it cannot fail to impress a visitor with the magnificence of so young a city. Froim the East. — The distant view of Toronto from the Scarboro' heights appears as a panorama, such as are indelibly photog 'aphed on the mind. The picture is complete, the can- vas is a marvel of coloring, the combined art of nature and man is revealed. From the hilly platform the forest of tree-tops slope into the fertile fields, which in turn disappear uiuler the roofs of the scattered homes, which .stand out from the main streets. Form- ing a boundary on the left, the blue waters of Ontario, glistening like a constellation of diamonds, stretch away to the far-famed Niagara shore ; away to the we.st the eye loses its power in a labyrinth of housetops, while to the northward woodland bat- talions are marshalled, calmly awaiting their destiny in the face of an out-reaching metropolis. From the West. — Standing on one of the balconies of the main building in the Exhiliition grounds during the fair, a view may be obtained which, perhaps, combines more points of interest than could be found in any of the towns or cities mentioned. Here is a combination of the urban and pastoral, the com- mercial and industrial, unsurpassed in any country. The grounds themselves, studded with buildings devoted to the exhibition of the industrial and manufacturing interests of the country, dis- play in the most attractive and condeased form, the wealth, prosperity and progress of the Canadian people. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe ^/ / (/. m 1.0 I.I 11.25 1.2 "2.5 2.2 2.0 1.4 mil 1.6 Vi <^ /i CG ^;. ^ / /A Photographic Sciences Corporation ri7 4^ '^\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 444 The Queens Jubilee and Machinery in motion, agricultural implement:? of the most labor-saving description, house-heating arrangements, of the most approved and effective, as well as of the most ornamental character ; carriages and waggons, in every variety are all dis- plaj'ed in the different buildings, in greatest perfection. The main building is a fitting " Crystal Palace," in which the finer branches of manufactured goods, adapted to every want, whether of necessity or luxury, from the soap tablet to the first class piano, are found in profusion ; the fine arts department not being the least attractive. Again returning to the outside exhibits, we find agricultural and horticultural halls filled with the productions of the soil — fruits, flowers, and vegetables, as well as the cereals — which will compare with those of any other land. The apiary is well stocked with the productions of the " busy bee," the honey exhibited having become celebrated by the diplomas obtained by the exhibitors at the Indian and Colonial Exhibition. Returning to obtain external views of the scene, a panorama of beauty, contentment and happiness, pre- sents itself to the eye. Lake Ontario, with the Island nestling on its placed bosom, the sailing craft of all sizes from the skiff to the three-master, scores of steamers plying to and from the Island, and the various pleasure resorts, including the grounds themselves, beautiful drives, terraces, and flower beds, groups of happy people pro- menading or reclining on the greensward, all the attractions of the horse ring, the display of horses and cattle, with the prox- imity of the Zoological Gardens, themselves sufficient to attract thousands of visitors. Then extending the range of observa- tion over the city, dome and steeple, turret and spire, factory and warehouse, crowd upon the vision, and display the enter- prise and progress of a prosperous and rapidly advancing city. From the North. — Proceeding from the new Parliament Build- ings northwarci, the surroundings are strongly suggestive of the " academic groves " of Oxford. The splendid University Buildings, the Meteorological Observatory, Wyckliffe College, McMaster Hall and Baptist College, St. Basil's Roman Catholio College, the School of Technology and on the most beautiful Toronto " Called Back'' 445 site in the neighborhood will shortly rise the proposed Meth- odist College in all its beautiful proportions, when all these will form a galaxy of literary institutions unequalled in America. It may be anticipated that on the completion of the buildings, the Queen "s Park will assume new features of beauty, and if it cannot vie with the " meadows " of Oxford, there will be such rivalry as to the attractions produced by art assisting nature as to make this one of the most beautiful parks on the Continent. PBOPOSKD NEW MKTHODIST COLLEGE, Professor Goldwin Smith, in a lecture on Oxford, describing the velvety sward connected with the colleges, related an anec- dote of a lady having been delighted with their beauty and verdure and the smoothness of the grass, and on expressing her admiration to one of the gardeners, and asking whether she might not have such grass in her lawn, was told that it was the easiest thing in the world, as she had only to go on mowing and rolling for about 300 years, and her jrrass would be quite I 446 Tht, Queens Jubilee and as good. The citizens of Toronto may anticipate a great deal of beauty and verdure long before that time in the grounds of the colleges and private residences in the Queen's Park. Crossing Bloor street and proceeding along Avenue Road, the site of the new Upper Canada College is reached, and from this point a niagniticent view may be obtained. At present, from the grounds of Hon. John Macdonald, or Samuel Nordheimer, Esq., the most complete view of the whole city and suburbs may be had. A perfect bird's-eye view of public buildings, streets and houses is now presented from east to west, and far across bay, island and lake, even to Niagara Falls — a distance of some forty miles — the spray of which may be distinctly seen on a fine day. Wealthy People of Toronto. Not more than about thirty years have eNpsed since the first person in Toronto died wealthy; a fact which shows that such 3. thing as wealth being inherited was unknown, and that the accumulations of the inhabitants of Toronto since its first settlement, have either been by the increase in the value of property, or by profits of business industry. Amongst the former may be reckoned the late Hon. Mr. Crookshank, Hon. William Allan, Josse Ketchum, and Samuel Jarvis, who, having obtained large tracts of land where the city of Toronto now stands, found themselves possessed of property before they died worth many millions of dollars by the natural increase in the value. Amongst those who acquired wealth by steady business enterprise, one of the first was Mr. John Harrington, followed by Mr. Rice Lewis, the Messrs. Ridout Bros, all in the hard- ware trade; and Messrs. Michie, in the grocery; and later, Hon. Wm. McMaster and Mr. Robert Walker, in the dry goods trade ; Messrs. Gooderham & Worts, in the distillery business, may be said to complete the list of those who had acquired great wealth up to tha time of their death, and not one of all these had any capital with which to commence business ; Mr. Robert Wilkes, in the watch and fancy goods trade, may be added to -'—-^ Toronto " Called Back!' 447 the list as having acquired a large amount of riches, while yet a comparatively young man. Such has been the rapid increase in the value of property within the last twenty-five years, and the development of trade and manufactures, that the list of living men who enjoy not only competence, but positive and real wealth, will be best seen by a glance at the figures which indicate their share in bank stocks and other investments, as well as their actual capital in various business enterprises. Reputed Capital of Merchants, Manufacturers, and Incorporated Companies, from $25,000 Upwards. $1,000,000. Macdonald, John, »& Co. ; Cook & Brothers. $500,000. Buutin, Reid & Co. ; Fisher, M., Sons & Co. ; Gordon, Mackay & Co. ; Gzowski, C. S., & Co. ; McAlpine Tobacco Co.; Manning, Alex.; Nord- heimer, A. & S. ; Robertson, -James, & Co. ; Kerr & Co. ; Smith, Frank, & Co. ; Rogers, Elias, «fe Co. $400,000. Gillet, E. VV. ; McMaster, Darling, «& Co. ; Lewis, Rice, & Son. $300,000. Beardmore «fe Co.; Matthews, W. D., & Co. ; May, Thomas, & Co.; Wyld, Grasett & Co. ; Reid, C. P., & Co. ; Walker, Robert, & Sons, ; Brock, W. R., & Co. $250,000. Bryce, McMurrich & Co. ; Cooper & Smith ; Fisken, John, & Co. ; Smith & Keighley ; Thomi)son, D. W., & Co. ; Bailey, John R., & Co. $200,000. Coffee, L., & Co. ; Cook, H. H. ; Hamilton, W. B., & Co. ; Rowland, VV. P., & Co. ; Murray, W. A., «& Co. ; Scott, James ; Simpson, Joseph ; Taylor, J. «& J. ; Ogilvy, Alexander & Anderson ; Livingston, Johnston «fe Co. : Perkins, Ince & Co. $150,000. Abell, John ; Caldecott, Burton & Co. ; Christie, Brown & Co. ; Croft, William, & Sons ; Davies, Robert ; Dunbar, Robert ; Gage, Wm. J., & Co. ; Goulding, George, ASons; Gowane, Kent & Co. ; Hooper, E., A Co. ; How- land, S. H., Sons & Co. ; Inglis & Hunter ; Irish, Mark H. ; Lyman Bros. 448 The Queens Jubilee and $loO,000.— (Co7itiniud.) & Co.; McKinnon, S. F., & Co.; O'Keefe & Co.; Rogers, Jamea H. ; Samuel, M. & L. Benjamin, & Co. ; Smead, Dowel & Co. ; Smith, G. B. , & Partners ; Taylor Bros. ; Walker, David ; Warwick & Sons ; Williams, It. S. ; Wilson, William ; Thompson, Thos., & Son ; Bertram & Co. $100,000, Allison, Thomas ; Brown, J. E., & Co. ; Clarke, II. E., & Co. ; Currie, Neil ; Dalttm Brothers ; Eckardt, Kyle & Co. ; The Goldsmith Co. (Smith Kay, Donald, $2,000; McGee, David, $7,500; O'Reilly, Dr. Charles, $4,500; Pellatt, Henry, $2,500; Rose, George McL., $13,000; Rae, Geo M., $2,000; Robinson, Christopher, $2,000; Ryan, Wm. $5,000; Rice Lewis & Son, $5,000; Swan, Miss Janet, $2,000; Sonierville, A. J., $10,200; Swan Brothers, $7,500; Stanton, Mrs. Julia, $2,000; Todd, A. T., $15,800; Thacker, Mrs. Emily, $5,000, Thacker, Major-General, John, $4,000; Vidal, Major, B. H., $2,000; Wyld, Frederick, $5,000; Wood, Thos. R. $20,000; Wyld, Mrs. Maria Louisa, $5,000. 454 The Queens Jubilee and BANK OF TORONTO. Alcorn, Samuel, 87,300; Beiitty, Wni. H.. 820,000; Blackstock, T. 0., $36,000; Cawthra, Henry, 825,000; Cawthra, Joseph, 89,600; Cawthra, Mrs. S, E, 833,500; Crowther, Miss Amelia, 8.'<,000; Crowtlier, James, 82,600; Cawthra, John, Executors of, 83,200; Executrix of late Joseph Rogers, 82,000; Worts, Jas. «., Executors of, 8174,800; Fulton, Alex. T., 810,100; Gooderham, Alfred, 830,000; Uooderham, Ohas. H., 827,400; (iooderham, Geo., 8200,000; Gooderham, Henry, 830,000; Gooderham, Robert T., 810,000; Gooderham, Wm. 841,400; Gooderham, Wm. O., 811,000; Gzowski, 0. S., A. B.C., 810,400; Janes, Clarkson, it Heward (in trust), 8^0,000; Keterstm, Joseph, 82,700; Lash, Z. A., and others (in trust), 812,800; Lewis, Rice, tt 8on, 83,500; Lewis, Geo. W., 850,100; Nordheimer, S., 85,500; Pettigrew, Mrs. Loui«i, 82,000; Ryan, Wm., 83,500; Scadding, Rev. H., D.D , 86,400; Smith, Prof, (ioldwin, 83,000; Stivnton, Mrs. Julia, 82,000. TRADERS BANK. Boomer, Geo. A., 82,500; Belt, John A., 82,500; Brown Brothers^ 82,000; Catto, John, 82,500; Cook, H. H., 85,000; Copp, Clarke & Co., 82,000; Crompton, F., 85,000; Ellis, R. Y., 82,500; Elliott, T. W., 82,000; Fleming, R. J., 83,000; Haight, Isaac R., 82,000; Kleiser, Albert, 82,000;, Manning, Alex., 85,000; Morrison, W. C, 82,500; Nordheimer, Samuel, 86,000; Shields, Joseph, Estate of, 85,000; Shields, John, 85,000; Smith, C. J., 82,500 ; Snelling, R., LL.D,, 83,000 ; Strathy, H. S., 85,200; Strathy, E. W., 82,500; Thomas, W. J., 85,000; Warren, C. D., 83,000; Watson, James, 83,600. MOLSONS BANK Macpherson, Sir D. L., !!^5,600; Macpherson, Lady, 816,000. BANK OF MONTREAL. Alcorn, Samuel, 827,000; Campbell, Sir Alex., and others (in trust), 862,000; Folingsby, Joseph B., 83,000; Fox, Edward, 82,000; Hartney, James, 831,600; Helliwell, Thos 82,000; Reid, James, 82,400; Robinson, Mrs. E. S, 82,000; Russell, Mrs. Harriett, Trustees of, 810,000; Ruther- ford, E. H., Executrix, of, 83,600; Smith, Goldwin, 83,000; Smith, Miss G. M. B., 83,000; Smith, Miss Mary G. A. B., f 3,000; Sweeny, Mrs. Alice R., 84,000; Sykes, Lieut. Henry Walter, 83,000; Thompson, Mrs Bar- bara, 85,000; Thomson, Thos. McL., 812,000; Usbome, Mrs. J., Trustees, of, 84,600; Wood, Thos. R., 810,200; Workman, Joseph, M.D., 84,800. Toro to ''Called Back.'' 455 Toronto Conservatory of Music. INAUGURAL ODE. On the, OpeiUiif of the Toronto Coaneroatonj of Mimic. As wlieu to wuary wntchers of tlie night, Appeiii-s thu ailvor stiir which ualiero in The (liiwn of day ero yet Aurom'a robes Sweep tlirougli the portals of the East, and leave A train of saHVoii glory : so to us, Weary of waiting, shines the welcome star Which ushers in the dawn of brighter day For music and her devotees, who here, In our Conservatory, find at length A home and resting i)lace, and from the storms That raging, roar and beat upon the world, Be safely sheltered, where no icy breath Of cold disdain, nor passion's fever heat. Can chill or blight the opening blossom. Here The gentle spirit of Cecilia, To whom the Angels listened ere she passed To join their white-rcjbed choir, will abide, And brood with dove-like wings, Protectress blest. O'er all young hearts that to the Highest gi\ e Music, the purest incense of the soul ; Music the only never- failing fount To ((uench life's thirst when other springs run dry ; Ambrosia of the gods on which to feed And satisfy heart-iuinger. Harmony Is not of man's devising, but Divine In origin. It had its wondrous birth At the Creation, when through infinite space Rolled, as a tide from Nature's orchestra, Her first grand Symphony. Its principles, Deduced from natural laws, have now become Science profound, whose torch shall cast its light From our Conservatory walls. Thy lyre, Apollo ! Then strke Let the brilliant train 30 45 6 The Queens Jubilee and Of muses nine appeiir : Melpomene, Calliope, Euterpe, lead the way — Fling V, ide the door in sign of welcome ! May All blessings, aa a beam of sunshine, fall Upon this shrine of cultrre, which we here Do dedicate on this auspicious day, To music and Uie sister sciences Of Oratory and Philology, May all in harmony abide, and ne'er Amongst our chosen band be heard one false. Discordant note, but each ring clear and true ; True to our trust, and to the authority Of One on whom we all rely, and true To those whose training is our care ; so thus Forgetting self, make Truth our Polar Star. — Clmrlotte Jarvis, {Bosedalia). To Mr. Edward Fisher, who has been appointed musical director, is mainly due the founding and organization of this institution. The Toronto Conservatory of Music has been in- corporated by letters parent, with a capital of $50,000, and is designed to offer advantages to students in music, similar to those enjoyed in the cities of Europe and America, where they have been demonstrated for many years. The departments of instruction comprise the piano, voice, organ, violin, violoncello, flute, oboe, clarionet, saxaphone, bassoon, horn, cornet, trombone, euphonium and tuba ; orchestral and ensemble playing, sight singing, church music and oratorio, theory of music, elocution and dramatic action, languages, musical history, acoustics and mental philosophy. The faculty is distinguished oy ability in each department ; and when the directors shall erect a suitable building in which to carry on their operations, another attractive addition will be made to the numerous institutions possessed by Toronto for carrying on the work of higher education, and affording students at home and from abroad, every facility for acquiring the most refining and elevating accomplishments at the lowest possible cost. Toronto '■ Called Back." The New Canadian Bank of Oommerce. 457 This magnificent building occupies the site of two of the old landmarks of the city. At the corner of Jordan street in 1847, and for several years afterwards, stood a white frame building two stories high, having a business entrance on King Street and a private one on Jordan Street, and was occupied for seve- ral years by Mr. William Osborne, a land* agent. There the writer, when a very young man, spent many a pleasant evening in company with Mr. Osborne's daughters and sons-in-lf.w, the late Thomas Wheeler, George Bilton, and Thomas Jordan, with many others of Toronto's most respected citizens, and many from other parts of the province, including Mr. Counter, then Mayor of Kingston, and Rev. Dr. Richey, father of the present Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia. To the west stood the old Qlohe building, which was erected in 1836, and was at first occupied as a private house by the late Dr. Barclay, after which it was purchased by the Commercial Bank. In those days there were stone steps up to the door. In 1850 the Qlohe took possession of it. Erastus Wiman was then a reporter, and C. W. Bunting was a printer in the composing-room. Mr. Houston, the Librarian at the Parliament Buildings, was a reporter at the time of the completion of the Atlantic cable. Since that time the building, having been vacated by the Globe, has been occupied by per- sons of various trades up to the time of its demolition. iiil "The Empire." The Mail having ceased to represent the principles of the Liberal Conservative party in the Dominion, a joint stock com- pany has been formed to publish a paper which, as its name implies, advocates the integrity of the British empire, and at the same time the policy of the Liberal Conservative Govern- ment of Canada, known as the National Policv. It must be a matter of congratulation to all loyal Canadians that a paper has been established which will, to a large extent, counteract the injurious influence of those who, for ulterior 458 The Queens Jubilee and objects, have for some time been engaged in representing the United States as offering advantages superior to tht se enjoyed in Canada, and extolling everything on the other side of the lines, the effect of which is*to depreciate Canadian interests and her attractions. To those in Europe into whose hands the Empire may fall, the information it will disseminate must prove invaluable, because it will be reliable, and it is to be hoped that its wide circulation, which is assured, will tend to promote th e best class of emigration to the Dominion, and that Toronto will have a large share, as our city and country only require the plain truth to be told to have their great attractions appreciated ; and this will be adhered to in the columns of the Empire, which is published daily and weekly. Methodist Book and Publishing House. The congregation worshipping in the old Richmond Street Church having decided to erect a new building on McCaul Street, the Methodist body has purchased the old premises, to which, when completed, the entire business at present carried on in King and Court Streets will be removed. The corner stones of the new church were laid by Hon. John Mac- donald and William Gooderham, Esq., on the 16th June, and in them were deposited the coins of Canada, the daily papers, and the publications of the Methodist Publishing House, in- cluding a copy of Toronto " Called Back." As the present venerable walls will remain intact there will be neither demolition nor desecration in the change, as, although the gospel will no longer be preached from the pulpit, never- theless, from this centre of literature will be disseminated gospel truth in the various forms of newspaper, magazine, a variety of Sunday-school publications, and secular and relig- ious books, by every respectable author, dead or living, which, by the power of the press, will convey to millions of readers throughout the Dominion beneficial influences, far out-reaching all the local advantages hitherto derived from this sacred Toronto " Called Back^ 459 edifice. The plan of the new building, while embracing the old walls, will extend to Richmond Street, where will be the principal front, and to Temperance Street on the south, where also will be a handsome front, the design showing a fine eleva- tion on both streets. NEW METHODIST BOOK AND I'UBUSHINO HOUSE. The arrangements for the convenience and despatch of busi- ness will be of the most complete character. The whole plant, machinery and printing presses, will be of the most modern and perfect description, while the facilities for carrying on the rapidly growing and extending work of the concern, in the 460 The Queens Jubilee and printing, binding, publishing, sale and delivery departments will be most extensive, making the Methodist Book and Pub- lishing House of Toronto the first as it is the oldest establish- ment of the kind in the Dominion, and having a world-wide reputation. The business of the establishment has made wonderful pro- gress under the able management of Rev. William Briggs, D.D., Book Steward. St. James' Cathedral. It will be a matter of gratification to all classes of our citizens to know that the venerable and magnificent pile known by the above title is in process of renovation and deco- ration throughout its interior, which will entitle it when finished to be called a new church. It will be forty years, in 1889, since the old building on the same site was destroyed by fire, and it was then little expected that so splendid a specimen of ecclesiastical architecture would rise from its ashes. The com- paratively recent completion of the spire, and the addition of the celebrated clock (the dial of which is to be enlarged) with the musical chimes, have rendered this building the chief object of attraction to the eyes of all who visit our city. The improvements comprise the thorough painting and beau- tifying of the interior, and the re-8,rrangement of the seating accommodation, which will be considerably increased, the intro- duction of a splendid new organ, and the transformation of the east transept porch into a baptisterj'. The latter will be accomplished by raising the flioor, and laying it in encaustic tiles, with the treads and risers of the steps in polished colored marbles. The font will stand in the centre, raised on a plat- form of marble and tiles, the walls lined or panelled with colored marbles for a height of nine feet. The ceiling will be groined and decorated in gold and color, and the whole guarded by a pair of brass or wrought-iron gates to preserve it fi*om unwarranted intrusion. The chancel will be floored with tile and marble, thereby adding much dignity and beauty to that part of the sacred edifice. Toronto " Called Becky 461 The present organ will be removed, and the south gallery entirely re-arranged for seating accommodation. The new organ will be placed at the north end, the space for which will be gained by removing the side galleries, which at present spoil the noble proportions of the great arcades, and hide the triple lancets of the aisle windows, and also destroy the vertical lines which, in Gothic work, are so essential, and to which the style owes so much of its charm. This change will admit the effects of light and shade, and the exquisite perspective made by the inter- secting lines of arches beyond arches, which one naturally ex- pects to see in such a beautiful and nobly arcaded building as St. James' Cathedral. The position of the organ will be novel and unique. It is proposed to divide the instrument by placing a portion on each side of the chancel against the north wall in the aisles, the choir and solo organ to be on the west side. The cost of the organ will be SI 2,000, and total cost of improve- ments about $70,000. 'f4 \ Young Men's Ohristian Association. This valuable institution has, from a very small commence- ment, kept pace with the growth and progress of Toronto, and has accomplished much in forming and developing the char- acter of the young men of the city since its first organization. This took place on the 18th February, 1864, with Mr. Robert Baldwin as President. On November 1st following, the first annual business meeting was held, when Professor Daniel Wilson, LL.D., was elected President. The first report showed the expenses to be $44.49. In 1865 the Association removed from the basement of the Temperance Hall to rooms over 151 Yonge Street. These rooms were open to the public as free reading-rooms, and the membership rapidly increased. During the Fenian raid, in 1866, the rooms were kept open all day and evening, and through the liberality of B. Homer Dixon, Esq., arrangements were made for keeping the rooms open permanently all day. Mr. Dixon became a member, took charge of the library, to 462 The Queen s fubilee and which he donated several hundreds of volumes, and, at his own expense, issued the first printed catalogue in 1869. After various changes the building known as Shaftesbury Hall was erected, at a cost of about $30,000, the corner-stone being laid June Ist, 1872, by Hon. John Macdonald, who was President for seven years. Toronto " Called Back.'' 463 Having decided to erect a finer building further north, the Association sold Shaftesbury Hall for $55,000, and erected the present magnificent pile at the corner of Yonge and Magill Streets. The building was completed and formally opened in October, 1887, and is one of the most attractive and splendidly equipped buildings on the continent. The total cost is $80,000. In addition to the reading-room, elegantly furnished parlor and library, there is a magnificent lecture-hall, also a .spacious gymnasium, furnished with every appliance for athletic exer- cises of the most approved character, and also swimming baths. An orchestra has been added to the attractions, and is becom- ing very eflScient. The membership increased from October 1887 to June 1888 from 600 to 1,250 members. There is also a west end branch in flourishing condition, which is about to erect a large building. The Association carries on its work also among railway men, at points in and around Toronto, and will shortly erect a build- ing at York station for this object. The financial statement for the past year shows an income of over $5,000. The present President is S. Caldecott, Esq., and the General Secretary is William McCuUoch, Esq., with a strong board of trustees and directors. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. The recent amalgamation with the Northern and North-West- ern, as well as the former acquisition of the Great Western, identifies this great pioneer highway of Canada more than ever with Toronto, especially as the Northern had the honor of being the first in actual operation ; and while the name of the latter will now be lost, her history will ever be identified with the growth and progress of Toronto, opening up as it did the means of transit for the vast productions of the forest, which have found their way to both home and foreign markets by the facilities the road has afibrded. And yet, all that it has done in the past are as nothing compared with what may be expected 464 The Queen s Jubilee and in the future, her connections now being capable of illimitable expansion, affording facilities for the development of trade and manufactures, as well as the development of mines and minerals, the products of fisheries and agriculture as well as of the forest. The fact of another stupendous undertaking having been accomplished, with a business sufficient to make both of these immense undertakings remunerative, must be nothing less than astounding to the reader of these pages who refers to their commencement, within the period recorded in the reminiscences of the writer. Alderman Harvie, of this city, who was connected with, the Northern from its commencement, has in his possession the first time table ever used, and is a sort of literary curiosity, being in ordinary handwriting and bearing date June, 13th, 1853, at which time the road was open to Bradford. The first passen- ger train left Toronto at 10.30 a.m., arriving at Bradford at 12.45, the distance being about 40 miles. He also has the first Passenger Tariff, of which a copy is given : Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Railroad Passenger Tariff, June, 1853, — in Halifax currency (20 cents to a shilling) : — FROM Toronto Davenport lload . Thornhill Richmond Hill . . . King Machell's Corners Newmarket Holland Landing . u o . P s. d. 7i e 1 1=3 .g Machell's Comers. 4 « Hand ding. 1 ■ |« ^ !z;| f 8. d. 8. d. 8. d. 8. d. 8. d. 8. d. 1 1 3 1 10^ 3 1.^ 3 9 4 1 3 1 1 lOi 3 \\ 3 9 4 4i 4 4i ....10 7i 1 3 2 6 3 H 3 4 .... 1 1 lOi 2 6 3 \\ ■ • • • 1 1 3 1 lOJ .... ;;:■ • • • • 7i 1 3 7i 8. d. 4i 4i 4 4 4 3 2 6 1 lOi 1 3 7i The first tickets have on one side, " Ontario, Simcoe «fe Huron Railroad," and on the other a representation of the Union Jack, surmounted by a crown and the letters O. S. H. R. in the centre; " From Toronto to Barrie." Mr. Harvie was an officer on this first passenger train ever run in Upper Canada, and issued the first ticket and handled Toronto '' Called Back.'' 465 the first money earned by this pioneer railvay of Ontario. He also had charge of the train conveying H. R. H. the Prince of Wales in 1860 ; afterwards he became Traffic Superintendent, his total service with the company extending over 28 years, receiving on his retirement a handsome bonus, with a "life pass," in a gold locket, and from the employees a handsome clock, with an illuminated address. 'The name of Sandford Fleming, C.M.G., C.E., which is identified with the opening up of the great North- West, and with many great engineering works, must ever remain asso- ciated with the history of tho Northern Railway, having held the position of chief engineer for several year \ m Canadian Pacific Railway. COLLOQUY ON THE CANADIAN SHORE BETWEEN CANADA AND BRITANNIA. Canada — "Westward the course of empire takes its way." Britannia — The Bishop's famous line, dear, bears to-day Modified meaning ; westward runs indeed The route of empire, — ours. Canada — If I succeed In drawing hither Trade's unfaltering feet And yours, my triumph then will be complete. Britannia — Across your continent from sea to sea All is our own, my child, and all is free. No jealous rivals spy around our path With watchiulness not far remote from wrath. The sea-ways are my own, free from of old. To keels adventurous and bosoms bold. Now, from my western cliffs that front the deep To where the warm Pacific waters sweep Around Cathay and old Zipangu's shore, , My course is clear. What can I wish for more ? To your young enterprise the praise is due. Canada — The praise and profit I would share with you. Canadian energy has felt the spur Of British capital ; the flush and stir 466 The Queens Jubilee and Of British patriot; blood is in our heart; Still I am glad you think 1 have done n»y part. Britannia — Bravely. Yon Arctic wastes no more need slay My gallant sons. Had Franklin seen this day He had not slept his last long lontly sleep Where the chill ice-pack lades the frozen deep. ' Ic can be done ; England should do it." Yes, That is the thought which urges to success Our sti uggling, aore-tried heroes. Wagliom knew Such insjjiration. Many a j)al9ied crew I'ainfully creeping through the Arctic night Have felt it fill their souls like fire and light. Well, it is done by men of English strain, Though in such shape as they who strove in vain With Boreal cold atid darkness never dreamed When o'er the Pole the pale aurora gleamed Perpetual challenge. Canada — Here's your empire route. A right of way whose valuo to compute Will tax the prophets. Britannia — Links me closer still With all my wandering sons who tame and till The world's wild wastes, and throng each paradise In tropic seas or under southern skies. , See Halifax, Vancouver, Sydney, set Fresh steps upon a path whose promise yet Even ourselves have hardly measured. Lo, ■ Far China brought within a moon or so, Of tea-devouring London. Here it lies. The way for men, and mails, and merchandise, Striking athwart your sea-dividing sweep Of land — iron road from deep to deep, Well thought, well done.- Canada — No more need you depend On furtive enemy or doubtful friend, Your home is on the deep, and when you come To the Dominion's land you're still at home. Britannia — And woe to him, the statesman cold or blind. Of clutching spirit or of chilling mind, Pedantic prig or purse-string tightuniug fool, Toronto *' Called Back.'' 467 Who'd clieck such work and such a spirit cool. Yours is the praiso and may tlio profit flow In fullest stream midst your Canadian snow A true Pactohis. Trade's prolific fruit Should <'roely flourish on our Empire Route. -PuwiK. When Archbishop Tach^ first went to the North-West in 1845, he left Lachine, on June 24th, in a lon^r bark cano<3, manned by six voyageuvH, and going by the Ottawa and Mut- tawan, crossed Lake Nipissing, and passed thence by the French River into Lake Huron, and so onwards by Lake Superior, the Kaministiquia, across Lake Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, and the Winnipeg River, to St. Boniface, which his Grace reached on August the 2oth, the journey occupying sixty- two days. It was deemed quick work in those days to make t^e journey in two months. Colonel Wolseley, at the head of the first Red River expedi- tion, left Toronto in May 25th, 1870, taking the Dawson route, and his advance guard did not enter Fort Garry until August 2r;ih. On June 21st, 1887, the. first train from Montreal was des- patched to the Pacific Coast, and reached the new city of Van- couver at noon the following Sunday, making the journey of 2,900 miles in 136 hours, beating the time between New York and San Francisco by twenty hours. The journey from Montreal to Winnipeg, which took Arch- bishop Tach^ sixty-two days, was made in just the same number of hours. Atlantic Steam Navigation. Canada has the honor of having built the first steamship that cros.sed the Atlantic Ocean. The " Royal William " was built in Quebec, and was launched in the presence of Lord Gosford on the 30th of April, 1831. Of 360 tons burthen, length IGO feet, and breadth 44 feet, she was propelled by steam, with wheels, or "flyers," had three masts, and was schooner rigged. Her first trip was to Halifax, in August, 1831. 11 -m mt 468 The Queens Jubilee and The " Royal William " left Quebec for London on 5th August, 1833, the voyage occupying 20 days, having touched at Pictou, Nova Scotia, for coals, from which port she sailed to CoweH in 17 days. The " Great Western " left Bristol on the 8th April, 1836, and arrived at New York on the 23rd of the same month. On the 28th March, 1838, the powerful and well-built steamer " Sirius," of seven hundred tons, and three hundred and twenty horse power, sailed from the London Docks, touched at Cork, and after a tempestuous passage arrived at New York on April 22nd, a twenty- four days' passage. Lieutenant R. Roberts was afterwards lost while in com- mand of the ill-fated steamer " President," in 1841. In June, 1888, the Cunard steamer "Etruria" made the voyage from Queenstown to New York in 6 days 1 hour and 37 minutes, averaging over 450 miles a day. Labour Organizations and Strikes. Were it possible for any cause to retard the progress of Toronto in its career of prosperity, there is none so prolific of evil as the combinations of trades when they result in strikes. These invariably do great injury to all classes, by deranging the plans of capitalists and employers who are willing to invest their means in the various enterprises which tend to benefit the whole community, but are often deterred from doing so by the fear of inability to make independent arrangements for skilled or unskilled labor. This labor, which it is the right of every man to dispose of to the best advantage, is controlled by organi- zations which deprive the individual of his personal liberty to use his God-given birthright according to his own judgment and common sense, and at the same time dictate to the em- ployer the terms upon which he may alone invest his capital, thereby creating an antagonism 'between those who ought to be in a position to arrange their personal afikirs to mutual advan- tage, which is contrary to the spirit of liberty which is sup- posed to characterize the present age. The history of these organizations proves that nothing has Toronto " Called Back,'' 469 i been accomplished for the masses of society by their influence^ apart from legislation. The sweating system practised in Eng- land, and also in America, proves their inability to reach the very classes that need assistance and protection. If they have effected reforms of abuses, and have relieved any class of workers, it is the duty of the leaders of the movement to pro- duce the examples ; but the fact remains that labor and capital will both find their level according to the invariable law of supply and demand, and to make cast-iron rules to regulate the wages of operatives must inevitably tend to check the ambi- tion and crush the energies of the ingenious, the industrious and the most skilful workmen, and defeat their own object, which should be, in the future as it has been in the past, that the employees of to-day shall become the employers of to-mor- row, as the history of every city, Toronto not excepted, abun- dantly proves to be the case. No better example of the absurdity and futility of strikes could be furnished than that given in these pages, when a combination was formed against the introduction of sewing machines, when the leaders of the movement assumed an im- portance quite commensurate with that of men at present agitating the question in more extensive spheres of labor, and who would now expose themselves to ridicule by refusing to use an article of universal use all over the civilized world. The writer, also, can call to mind the time when some of the first railroads were opened in England, it was Cuniidently predicted that there would be no use for horses when railroads became general, and yet, as is shown in another place, the existence of railroads creates a demand for what was supposed to be their disuse. It is to be hoped that Toronto has seen an end of these movements, which are so destructive to her progress and pros- perity, and that the public and private enterprises now being carried on will not be impeded either by interference with private rights or by threats or intimidation. No one can question the right of one or more persons to " strike work " and demand higher wages ; that is a matter be- ll , I' iifl 470 The Queen's Jubilee and tween themselvca auu their ramiiics, which they are bound to support ; but should these persons demand a certain amount of wages, and threaten the employer with injurious consequences to his business, or say to other men, " you must not work for your living except with our consent," when these men are wise enough to adopt the time-honored maxim, "half a loaf is better than no bread," then any organization, insisting on their rules, establishes a tyranny altogether inconsistent with human freedom and civilization. Whatever reason or excuse there ' may be in Great Britain, where tradesmen and mechanics, as well as capitalists, have to compete with other countries on entirely unequal terms ; where the fallacy of free trade with those who do not reciprocate, takes the bread out of the mouths of their own people, and benefits those countries where these classes are protected, there is no excuse for the same classes in Canada or the United States, whose wise legislators have not only protected the manufacturing industries, but by the same Act are protecting all employed in these industries against the influx of free trade productions, and also indirectly protecting the agriculturist by creating a home market, and by keeping money at home increase the wealth of the whole community. No amount of sophistical argument can controvert the hard, stern logic of facts which abound on every hand in Toronto and throughout the Dominion, to prove the advantages of pro- tecting our people from foreign competition, and this argument by no means assists those who talk of " protecting labor," by endeavoring to stay the tide of emigration. All able-bodied, in- dustrious men and women, who may come to our shores will have all the " protection " they need when they arrive here. If they will use their brain and muscle, they will find a place sonieiu/ure in our Dominion where this kind of capital can be turned to account. As this volume is likely to have a large circulation in Groat Britain, the writer has no hesitation in saying that never in the last forty years was there a better prospect for the classes re- ferred to, whether of skilled or unskilled labor, than presents itself at the present moment, and no better proof of this could Toronto " Called Back!' 471 be given than in the success of the very men who would now stay the tide of emigration by a kind of dog-in-the-manger policy. During these forty years there never was a time when such statements were not made, as might have deterred these very men or their forefathers from landing on our shores, and yet " they came, they saw, and they conquered " all dif- ficulties, and what has been done in the past may be done in the future, and even to a larger extent. Are our towns and cities to cease growing ? Is our population going to decrease ? Who will dare to predict such a thing in the face of such un- paralleled progress, while the prospects of the future are even more encouraging ? As "turn about is fair play," it is respectfully suggested that these well-to-do tradesmen and mechanics who have hewed out homes for themselves, and enjoy abundance and comfort in Toronto, would give a chance to some of their less fortunate brethren on the oth.. • side of the Atlantic to change places, and go back to where they came from, at least for a time, and give others a chance, by making room for them here. This would be real benevolence, and would be sure to have its reward. The writer does not say that Toronto or other towns should be in- undated with surplus labor of any kind, but he does say that once here they can be distributed amongst the varied industrial occupations with which Canada abounds ; even Paisley weavers who have come here have made excellent farmers, and hundreds of instances can be given of persons adapting themselves success- fully to occupations to which they had never been accustomed, and so the labor market has always maintained its equilibrium. Therefore, let it be repeated, that every man, woman and child, with brain and muscle, sobriety and industry, will find a place in our community, and never know what want is. This principle of inherent right both in capital and labor has been fixed for all time by the highest authority in the universe, " Friend, I do thee no wrong, didst thou not agree with me for a penny ? Take that thine is and go thy way. Is it not law- ful for me to do what I will with mine own ? Is thine eye evil because I am good ? " 31 II m 472 The Queens Jubilee and Western Methodist Church. One of the most remarkable features of the growth and pro- gress of Toronto is the multiplication of its churches. New places of worship for all denominations are springing up rapidly in the city and suburbs, without apparently deplet- ing those already occupied, as is the case in most large cities, by the tendency to reside in suburban districts. The erection of a magnificent church where only a short time ago the Meth- odist body had already occupied the ground on every hand, and from so humble a beginning, is especially worthy of mention. The erection of many elegant mansions in the neighborhood of Bloor Street and Spadina Avenue gave the first impulse to the movement, and from worshipping in a tent, in June, 1887, on a fine site on Bloor Street from Major to Robert, the small number of members soon erected a wooden building, which at present holds seven hundred persons. This temporary place of worship is used, while a superb church is in course of erection, and which will soon reach com- pletion. The building is 200 feet long on Bloor Street, with a width of 92 feet. The design is the modern R )manesque. It is being built of gray Credit Valley stone, with brown stone ornamenta- tion, and roof of purple slate and terra-cotta tiles. A tower one hundred and twelve feet high, by twenty-two feet square, rises from the north-east corner, and a lower one at the opposite side. The facade will have V>road, turretted pro- jecting gables coped with stone. Handsome stained-glass win- dows will lit»ht the inteiior. The auditorium will be one of the finest in the city. The centre of the ceiling will be a lantern, forty feet in diameter, carried on massive ri^s springing from the wall. The shape of the room will be amphitheatral, curved galleries will run round three sides, while u, large arelied recess w^ill receive the organ and choir. The seating capacity will be .sixteen hundred. The church will be handsomely furnished in every part, and the heating, Toronto " Called Back. 473 lighting and ventilation will be arranged after the most modern improvements. No effort is being spared to make this one of the finest churches in the city, and it will cost, when complete, about S90,000. The location cannot be surpassed, and already surrounding property is feeling the effect of the church's erec- tion in its rapidly increasing value. Elegant mansions are springing up in the neighborhood, such as for architectural splendor and beautiful surroundings would be a credit to any city ; and many of the resident ov.'ners will find in this new infers Vu.!- NEW WESTERN METHODIST CHURCH. church their spiritual home. Six gentlemen may be named as the prime movers of this new enterprise. Their names are : — W. J. Gage, T. Eaton, C. R. S. Diniiick, B. Westwood, G. A. Walton, and M. Paul. They formed the nucleus from which has sprung this church of marvellous growth. The mainspring of its wonderful success is to be found in the personality of the pastor. Rev. T. W. Jeffery. His people greatly admire and love him as a pastor and preacher, and to him espe- cially is due the establishment of this new church, which sf^ ill- 474 The Queens Jubilee and greatly honors Methodism and justifies the pride felt in its construction. Departure of the Marquis of Lansdowne. In accordance with the precedent of his predecessors, the Marquis of Lansdowne paid a special farewell visit to Toronto. The Queen City of the West, always in the van of loyal recep- tions, has maintained her character by the display of heartfelt and enthusiastic demonstrations on the occasion of each visit paid by our late Governor-General and Lady Lansdowne, and when lately amongst us, on the eve of his departure for a still higher position, there was no diminution of the exalted opinion entertained by our citizens of tti? popularity of His Excellency during his term of office in th'* Dominion. The esteem in which they were held personally was enhanced by their encouragement and patronage of the arts, sciences and literature of the Dominion, while at the same time everything that tended to promote ana develop the resources of this great country had their fu ■' jt support, so that not only from Toronto, but from all parts (^i the Dominion, Lord and Lady Lansdowne will carry with them the heartiest sym^yiithy of all classes on entering on their more exalted career* and the most earnest wishes for their happiness and success. During their stay in Toronto they were the recipients of a number of addresses from the City Council, various national and other societies, all expressing the most cordial sentiments. Their last public act in Toronto was the opening of the school called by their name. After a splendid demonstration in their honor at Ottawa, on the 23rd of May, the ex-viceregal party proceeded to Quebec, where they took their departure for Liverpool per Allan steamer " Sarmatian," and arrived in Lough Foyle, London- derry, on the 1st of June. By a remarkable coincidence the steamer arrived at the same time as the " Circassian," with the new Governor-Geneial and family on board, bound for Quebec, and had an opportunity of exchanging courtesies. •^r^. Toronto " Called Back.'' 475 Arrival of the New Governor-General. The Rijyht Honorable Lord Stanley of Preston arrived in Ottawa on the 10th June, having made a fine and pleasant passage to Quebec. His Lordship was accompanied by Lady Stanley, his eldest son, Lieut. Edward Stanley, of the Grenadier Guards, Captain Jocelyn Bagot, Military Secretary, Lieut. McMahon, and Mr. Victor Stanley, His Lordship's second son, and a midshipman in Her Majesty's navj-, and three younger children. On the 11th Lord Stanley, with a military escort, proceeded from Kideau Hall to the Parliament Buildings, and in the presence of a distinguished assemblage was sworn in as Gov- ernor-General of the Dominion, the oath being administered by Sir William Ritchie. His Excellency then signed the oath of allegiance, and also the proclamation by which he proclaimed himself Governor-General. " Nobility is a graceful ornament to the civil order. It is the Corinthian capital of polished society, — Omnen boni nobUitati semper /aremits." — EdmnnU Burke. The Right Honorable Frederick Arthur Stanley, Lord Stan- ley of Preston, G.C.B., is a younger son of the fourteenth Earl of Derby, by the Honorable Emma, second daughter of the first Baron Skelmersdale, and is the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Derby. He was born on January loth, 1841, and received his education at Eton. In 1864 he married Lady Constance, eldest daughter of the fourth Earl of Clarendon. In April, 1858, Lord Stanley entered the Grenadier Guards as ensign, and in June, 1862, he became lieutenant, captain and adjutant. He retired in 1865. He is now the colonel of the Lancashire Militia, a supernumerary A.D.C. to Her Majesty, and a J.P. for Lancashire and Westmoreland. He was a Lord of the Ad- miralty in 1868, and Financial Secretary of War from 1874 to 1877, when he became Secretary of State for War. In 1885 he held the office of Secretary of State for the Colonies, and in 1886 was appointed President of the Board of Trade, and was raised to the peerage with the title of Lord Stanley of Preston. HIS EXCELLENCY SIR FREDERICK ARTHUR STANLEY, BARON STANLEY OF PRESTON, G.C.B., Ooveriwr-Oeneral of Canada. Toronto " Called Back" 477 The Fisheries Treaty. Although not interested commercially in the fishery question, Toronto, bound by the strongest ties of sympathy with the Maritime Provinces and the empire at large, any question affect- ing either the sister provinces or the peace of Great Britain, must necessarily excite the deepest emotions of her people, and the decision of the British and Canadian Governments, in the selection of the Right Honorable Joseph Ch'Miiberlain as pleni- potentiary, and Sir Charles Tupper to represent Canadian interests, in connection with the Honorable Lionel Sackville West, British Minister at Washington, gave the highest satisfaction. The representative of the American Government, Mr. Bayard, the Secretary of State, gave additional confidence to our people, and a guarantee that the question would be discussed on its merits, and fairly and honorably dealt with. The results of the deliberations fully justified the hopes that were entertained, and both in Canada and Great Britain pro- duced a feeling of intense relief and thankfulness that this long- standing dispute, which might have led to a disruption of the feelings of international amity and mutual regard between the two great Anglo-Saxon nations, had been brought- to such an amicable settlement without any act of humiliation on the part of either of those concerned; but by mutual and kindly con- cessions fair and reasonable to both, and satisfactory to the two Governments. It is to be hoped that the negotiations so ably carried on d,nd successfully terminated, and approved of by both nations, will not be neutralized by any action on the part of the American Senate, on whom the responsibility now rests, of consummating the act of the Joint Commission, when the time of the modua vivendi shall expire, or by again opening up the vexed question and thereby necessitating negotiations de novo, with the pros- pect of greater diflSculty in the way of a settlement. No better proof of the fairness of the treaty could be found than the fact that extreme politicians on both sides complain that their mi li 478 The Queens Jubilee and interests have been sacrificed, and in the strongest language deprecate the humiliation that their respective nations have submitted to. Oommercial Union or Unrestricted Reciprocity. Breatlics there a man so void of grit, Who loves his country scarce a whit. Who, with the spirit of a clam, Would kiss the toa of Uncle Sam, And beg him take the tub in tow. As we can never make it go ? If such there breathe, I tell you what, Wo might administer boycott ; Not cruel or too harsh, you know, But just enough to make him go — Not be at home if he should call. Nor often notice him at all ; Upon him let not beauty smile. Nor chum his dismal hours beguile, Nor neat domestic spread his couch. Much less consent to wed the slouch, Or cook his grul) or soothe his breast. Or sew a button on his vest. But let him wander, lost, about, A woe begone, unsavory lout. Till he is happy to lesign And plod his way across the line, Ot, in his abjectness, go down Without regret, without renown. — Re.r. John Hay. During the past year an attempt has been made to prove the advantages that would arise to the Dominion by closer commer- cial relations with the United States, and, under the above titles, to establish clubs for the purpose of agitatina; the question. While no Canadian will deny the imporoance of a reciprocal mterchange of the natural productions of the soil, and the ad- vantages that accrued to both countries while the Reciprocity Treaty was in existence, the question assumes quite another shape when it is proposed to extend the principle to manufac- tured goods, and even should this become a matter of mutual and reciprocal arrangement, unrestricted reciprocity would be Toronto " Called Back'' 479 not only injurious to Canadian interests and her self-dependence, but absolutely impracticable while the present tariffs relating to British and foreign goods exist in Canada and the United States. This agitation, commenced by a few individuals, none of whom have the confidence of the mass of either the commercial or agricultural portion of the people of Canada, without any intimation from the people of either country, has been carried on for some time, and representations have been made at public meetings, chiefly in country places, calculated to mislead those who do not understand the impossibility of any such arrange- ment as they propose without discriminating against Great Britain, and striking at the very root of our manufacturing industries at the same time, and also reducing our large whole- sale trade to a level with that of the smaller American cities, whose wholesale merchants are only in the position of jobbers for the large importing houses of New York and Boston, while the merchant princes of Montreal and Toronto, stand on an equality with the largest importers in any American city. This Commercial Union movement is now generally spoken of as the " Wiman-Butterworth-Goldwin-Smith fad," and tho resolutions in its favor, moved in the Parliament at Ottawa last session, having been discussed at such a length as to have been a waste of valuable time, both in the Commons and Senate, and having been rejected by an overwhelming vote, may be con- sidered as having received their "quietus." While the few gentle- men who hav§ kept up the agitation have spoken of the movement as "spontaneous," it is remarkable that nothing was heard of it, either in the cities or the rural districts, until Mr. Wiman, whose interests are chiefly in the United States, sud- denly introduced the matter, and up to that time the question had nA^er been discussed, and even now no proposition has come from the people or the Government of the United States to warrant the 8uppo.sition that they would con.sent to such an arrangement, and much less would any class of the people of Canada, if properly informed on the .subject, commit theM).selves to a policy so suicidal to their interests, and .so degrading to !i:l nt. % \ ■ 'UP •i'.li',' 48o The Queens Jubilee and their ambitious aims towards self-dependence and self-govern- ment. Without anything to gain Canrtda would have every- thing to lose. The policy under which she has achieved such marvellous success, and advanced by bounds In material progress and development, would be swept away, and tho benefits handed over to a foreign power, while the national instinct that binds Canada to Great Britain would be extinguished, and her birth- right to England's historic glory and renown bartered for a " mess of i)ottage." It is unaccountable that so distinguished a litteratev/r as Pro- fessor Goldwin Smith, who is so strong an advocate of Imperial Federation, can be so inconsistent as to argue in favor of Com- mercial Union, knowing, as he must, that it will tend towards poii'iical union, and if entertained at all by the United States, would be only as a step towards innexation. If there is to be commercial union, it must be with Great Britain, where a market is open for all our products, and by which our tariff' will be left entirely in our own hands. Genuine Versus Quasi Loyalty. There is a Canadian loyalty which is not necessarily British loyalty. Every tendency to separation, or independence, or towards annexation, is so far inconsistent with true allegiance to the Empire of Great Britain. It cannot be denied that, amongst the less thouf;htful and intelligent, and some flippant, self-conceited, youthful Cana- dians, this element is unfortunately to be found. It commences with the indulgence of home, where, in this country, restraint is little exercised, and the child, for want of wholesome discipline, passes through childhood and schfol days into premature manhood with, at best, a superficial education and with most incorrect ideas of respect for superior age or experience, and exaggerated notions of self-importance. This spirit of the American age, unless counteracted, is likely to develop into irreverence for authority and disrespect Toronto " Called Back." 481 towards all in high positions in the State. The feeling of loyalty towards our beloved Queen is quite as strong in Canada as in any part of the British Dominions amongst those who understand our relations to the throne of Great Britain, and our obligations to reverence everything belonging to our glorious ancestral history; and with the exceptions named, the loyalty of the Canadian people is both hearty and enthusiastic, notwithstanding the attempts that are made from time to time to infuse republican ideas into these thoughtless minds. A feeling of irreverence may exist even where the defence of Canada as a Dominion may be loyally made without refer- ence to the integrity of the Empire, or regard for the person of our gracious and beloved Sovereign. There could be no better means of counteracting this tendency than is afforded by the Imperial Federation League. Let the principles of union with the mother-land and her colonies throughout the world, and the principle of a united empire, of which Canada forms an integral part, be instilled into the youth of Canada, and we shall soon have genuine instead of quasi loyalty. Having witnessed many of the grandest naval and military displays in honor of Queen Victoria that have occurred during her reign, both in Great Britain and France, it is worthy of record that on every occasion the greatest enthusiasm was dis- played. On the occasion of the royal visit to Paris in 1855, the great naval review at Portsmouth, and on the return of the troops from the Crimean war, at all of which the writer was present, as might be supposed, there was nothing to mar the universal devotion to the person of Her Majesty, and both in Canada and the United States, amongst all classes, the same respect has been manifested and witnessed for forty years, during which time only in one instance was disrespectful language heard. For the credit of both the civil and military services of the country, the name and words of the person and his apologists shall be ignored, and, like "The blot on the Queen's head," written in London by a Canadian of some cele- brity (more, however, with mistaken than disloyal intentions), 482 The Queen s Jubilee and consijEfned to oblivion; thus proving the universality of the esteem of all classes of her subjects, and also of those of foreign nationalities. It is sincerely to be hoped that the increasing tendency to closer union with the mother-land, will have the effect of dissi- pating every feeling of estrangement, and that the day is not far distant when every child born under the British flag, whether in Toronto or Melbourne, Vancouver or Halifax, Ber- muda or Heligoland, in every part of the vast British Empire, will be considered as much a Briton and citizen of Great Bri- tain as if born within the sound of Bow Bells. Imperial Federation. When the first practical movement towards the formation of an Imperial Federation League was made in Toronto there was a suspicion that underneath was a covert attempt to strike at the root of the National Policy, it being thought by sctiie that any movement towards federation would necesr'tate a uniform- ity in the tariffs of England and her colonies. As the question became ventilated, and British statesmen expressed their views on the subject, and with the noblest senti- ments of liberality, stated in the most unequivocal terms, that the self-governing colonies would in no wise be expected to deviate from the tariff arrangements best adapted to the cir- cumstances of each, aningh, one blaze of diamonds, the great dignitaries of the and of the city, and the Royal families ; the eight beautiful brides- maids " being unmarried daughters of dukes, marqui.ses and earls," and, observed of all, the mother of the Prince — the widowed Queen in her dress of simple black, attended by her }f'.vl;e;i in deep mourning. t r, 'ni >s ,f t le trumpets had sounded as the different pro- ?e sions filed into the chapel, but as the Prince entered — look- i ,; oyaliy in his purple mantle, and bowing low as he passed the (^ueen, in a private pew, high up in the building- -the muftic birst forth in a triumphal march. Then the sound of the trumpets hcialded the coming of the bride, and the Princess opn oR-yftd clad all in white, and, as a picturesque reporter said, "a prettier Princess and a more gallant young Prince were never seen out of a fairy tale." The Archbishop of Canterbury performed the ceremony, and after breakfast in St. George's Hall, the royal pair started for the honeymoon, which was spent at Osborne, in the Isle of Wight. Toronto " Called Back." 497 That night Lornlon was illuminated, the theatres were thrown open to the people, and throughout the United Kingdom there were general rejoicings — children were feted, the poor were feasted, and special demonstrations were made in every city and town in Great Britain. With such happy auspices began a union which, in 1888, 1ms so happily reached its twenty-fifth anniversary ; thus was com- menced a quarter of a centuiy of united public and domestic life and work. During the twenty-five years the love of the English people for their idol has not in the least diminished. Her beauty of person, and charming manners, have captivated all hearts, and the home-life of the family at Sandringham Hall is a model of domestic happiness and enjoyment. The silver wedding was celebrated with much heart' ness, and in a variety of ways. A sum of over $10,000 wa i con- tributed by the British Colonies to purchase a gift as a tnemo- rial of the happy event. The writer has a pleasi? , recollection of having seen the Prince and Princess of Wales, with their first-born, drive from Marlborough House on an afternoon, when, with the baby on her knee, the charming Princess displayed at once her motherly love and unaffected simplicity by dispensing altogether with nurse or attendant ; and by such ways has she won the love and affection of all hearts at home and abroad. Sir Charles Tupper's Budget Speech. The masterly exposition of the financial position of the country in 1888, delivered by Sir Charles Tupper at the last session of Parliament, and to which the writer had the pleasure oi' listening, must have convinced every unprejudiced mind of the marvellous progress of the Dominion. Without the slightest effort after oratorical effect, the prosperous condition of all the industries of the country was stated with perspicuity and clearness, and the most indubitable evidence produced from the reports of the " Captains of Canadian industry " in every department. The iron trade, with its smelting furnaces. 498 The Queen s Jubilee and locomotive works, and rolling mills, all were in stead}' progress, while the cotton and woollen manufactures were reported to be in a healthy and flourishing condition, but no facts or figures can afford as conclusive evidence of general prosperity as the returns of deposits in the Post Office Savings Banks ; and for the information of persons abroad they are here given, to show the marvellous progress of the Dominion during the past few years : — Year. Depositors. Ox Deposit. 1878..... '2.-),535 82,754,484 03 1879 27,445 3,105,190 80 1880 31,365 3,945,669 11 '•■. - 1881 36,605 6,208,226 77 v::;; 1882 51,463 9,473,66153 1883 61,059 11,976,237 31 1884 66,682 1.3,245,5.52 64 1885 73,322 15,090,540 31 ;. 1886 80,870 17,159,372 09 ,.;•■; 1887 90,159 19,479,750 15 :.■-'' 1888 101,963 20,689,032 62 Queen Street in 1888. While King and Yonge Streets still maintain their superi- ority in point of fine buildings and splendid stores and ware- houses, Queen Street is rapidly assuming an important po.sition as a leading thoroughfare and business centre. While Yonge Street may boast of her almost indefinite length to the north- ward, and has already extended her improvements and progress by the absorption of Yorkville and Deer Park, Queen Street is, at least to the eastward, capable of still more indefinite expan- sion. Having already absorbed the village of Leslieville, from the Woodbine to the Humber Bay, the distance is about seven miles in a straight line, and is a continuous street of brick and mortar, except at the extremities, where there is still room for filling up. There cannot, however, be less than five miles of stores and houses along the route, and the modern erections in the shape of blocks of buildings are of a very imposing char- acter, while the proposed new buildings, which will have i-th- ress is, rom -'en |nd Ifor of in 500 The Queens Jubilee and their principal approaches from Queen Street, will enhance the attractions of the street. Already the front view of the Metro- politan Church and square, the Orange Hall, Osgoode Hall, and a number of churches, add much to the grandeur of the view ; while in the near future will be added the splendid front of the new City Hall and Court House, in the centre of a square, which will become a thing of beauty in the centre of the city, the selection of the site having been of a most favorable char- acter; and above all will be the magnificent view of the Queen Street Avenue, which from this point extends to the Queen's Park, and which in point of beauty is not surpassed by any drive in the world, the foliage of the magnificent trees in the summer time affording a grateful shade to the pedestrian, as well as to those who ride on horseback or drive in carriages. This view extends to the new Parliament Buildings, which will soon rise in their grand and beautiful proportions, and will un- doubtedly elicit the admiration of all visitors to our city. Proceeding westward, Trinity College with its beautiful grounds is passed, and still farther tl^ thriving village of Parkdale, at present adjoining Toronto, is to a stranger a continuation of the same, but soon to be annexed, as is the inevitable destiny of all suburban towns contiguous to great and growing cities. 4':". Vancouver, British Columbia. While Toronto holds her central position in the great Do- minion, she can afford to rejoice in the prosperity of her sister cities on the line of the great inter-oceanic highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The young city of Vancouver must in future be a place of great importance to the city of Toronto, as already in her harbor, by every steamer from Japan, are arriving large shipments of goods, especially tea, on C.P.R. through bills of lading to Toronto, the treight of which is only two and a-half cents a pound, thereby reducing the cost to a minimum ; as there ic no duty, we may be said to have a free breakfast and tea-table. And thence are shipped thousands of bales of Canadian cottons, which pass near our ifwdi*-' Toronto * ' Called Back. 501 city, indicating the incredible progress already made towards the fultilment of the trade anticipated in a previous article. As to Vancouver itself, a year ago it consisted of a dozen straggling huts. The present population is 8,500 ; the main street, built through the virgin ' forest, as it stood a year ago, is flanked by granite blocks, having altogether twenty-four miles of streets — the stumps of the trees having been blown out by dynamite. The townfis lighted by electricity ; there is semi-weekly communication with China and Japan by steamship, and very shortly it is expected that the mails for the United States and Canada will pass through her post-office for distribution all over the continent. It is believed there is no record of the building of a similp,r town, with all the improvements of modern civilization, within so short a space of time. Cabinet Ministers of the Dominion, 1888. Premier Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B., P.O. Minuter of Public Works . . . .Hon. Sir Hector Langevin, K.C.M.G , C.B. Minister of Finance Hon. George E. Foster. Minister of Eaihvn. Frank Smith. Hon. Sir Charles Tupper, Bart., G.C.M.G., C.B., has resumed his official position as High Commissioner for Canada in London. 1 street Extension. At the end of 1887 the total mileage of streets was 195, being an increase in two years of twenty-nine miles. There are now sixty-five miles of block-paved streets, showing an 502 The Queen s Jubilee and increase of twenty-one miles. There are fifty-six miles of Macadam, and the remainder consists of cedar and gravel, graded or unimproved streets. This report is a good index to the general growth and expan- sion of the city, notwithstanding the complaints of tardiness on the part of the Board of Worlcs, which are sometimes heard, and the comparisons made between the state of our streets and those of such cities as London, Liverpool, or Manchester, always to our disadvantage. It ought to be known, however, that the chief difference consists in the cost, both of making and repairing the streets. The actual cost of the London pave- ments is said to be £100,000,000 sterling, or $.500,000,000, this sum being invested in 7,000 miles of streets. According to our proportion of population and street mileage, Toronto will have to expend one thirty-fifth as much as London, or about fourteen millions of dollars, to attain to the same 'iegree of perfection. If our municipal authorities receive from the citi- zens carte blanche to adopt the best material for pavements, to place that material on the most improved bed or foundation, without any restriction as to cost, and when done, to employ men whose constant attention shall be devoted to the repair- ing of the streets, by never allowing a single imperfect block, either of wood or stone, to remain, but by immediately substi- tuting another ; and lastly, by adopting a perfect .system of scavenging at night, then, and not till then, shall Toronto have streets as perfect as the cities named, and all the other principal cities in Great Britain. In addition to this, the city fathers must have power to use their best judgment as to the best kind of pavement on every street in the city and for every sidewalk, without being hindered or ilelayed by the opinions of private individuals, on the principle that the public highways are for public accommo- dation,' and the expense should be borne by general taxation. In no other way can beauty and uniformity of the streets be .secured, and obstruction and delays in improvements prevented. The extension of the street railway system has kept pace with the extension of the streets, and it is expected that in Toronto " Called Back'' 503 the near future electricity will be utilized for still further adding to present facilities for reaching the outlying districts and suburbs, where buildings are rapidly rising and new streets are being opened up, so that every class of the citizens can, at a trifling expense, reach their homes for many miles round the city. In addition to these advantages a belt rail- way for a circuit of fifteen miles, with stations at close inter- vals, would complete the accommodations of our rapidly filling city, and, at the same time, enhance the value of property everywhere within this radius. I Toronto the Centre of Inland Navigation. Having spoken of Toronto as a railway centre, it would not be doing justice to her claims not to say something of her exceptionally advantageous position as a centre of water com- munication. To those who have never actually travelled on our lakes it is difficult to convey a correct idea of the vastness of these inland seas. To give figures would not be so illustra- tive of the immense extent as simply to state, what has often been done before, that Lake Superior would contain the whole of England. This being the upper in the great chain of lakes, and Ontario the lowest, whether for business or pleasure the traveller can take passage on a splendid steamer and make a trip westward for a thousand miles on fresh water, while he can go as far east as the Atlantic Ocean. Such are the facili- ties for v/ater travel during the season of navigation that the pleasure seeker or tourist in Toronto may choose any length of voyage, to innumerable pleasure resorts, from one mile to one thousand, at a very moderate cost, and in the most com- fortable manner. The magnificent steamers of the Canadian Pacific Railway Co., though not leaving the port of Toronto, may be reached by rail in a few hours, and the luxury of water travelling enjoyed to perfection. \\, is to be hoped that the day is not far distant when Toronto shall not only be the centre of inland navigation, but, by the enlargement of the canals, ocean vessels of sufficient 33 504 The Queens Jubilee and tonnage will be seen arriving at our wharves, with unbroken cargoes from Liverpool, London, and Continental ports. When that time comes the Queen City will possess advantages, for commerce, both in the shape of exports and imports, unsur- passed on the continent of America. Freight TraflBc in Toronto. As an evidence of the increase in the collection and delivery of freight in Toronto, the number of horses employed in con- nection with railway business is here given : — In 1857, Hendrie & Shedden employed 28 In 1888, Hendrie & Co. employed 100 In 1888, Shedden Co. employed 138 In 1888, Dominion Transport Co. employed .... 74 312 28 Above are exclusive of horses employed by city expresses, of which the number is legion, and which had no existence in 1857. at 'i\ m ■ n nr m Comparative Expense of Living in Canada in 1878 and 1886. Comparing forty classes of skilled workmen, the result is that the wages received in 1886 averaged 25 per cent, higher than in 1878. The wages of unskilled labor show an increase also of 25 per cent. In 1878 the wages for skilled workmen were $l.77i''(y per day; in 1886, $2.22r'f) per day; increase 25 per cent. For the general workman in 1878, $1.37i% per day ; in 1886, $1.72,\5 per day. As to the prices of the necessaries of life, an enquiry into thirty different articles of food and drink showed the purchas- ing power of one dollar had increased twelve and a-half per cent., as compared with 1878. For example, with a dollar you could bny one-third more sugar than in 1878 ; of tea, one-fifth more ; of oatmeal, one-fifth more ; of other articles about as much in 1886 as 1878. The wages had therefore increased, so that the man who, in 1878, earned $530, can now earn $663, i\