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 p^^ 
 
 10 
 
 THE LEISURE HOUR. 
 
 many) for drawing a dark picture of our country, it 
 may safely be affirmed that the bulk of the people 
 were never better educated or had more rclij^ious 
 advsmtajjes — that they were never as a body freer 
 from the dominion of gross vices, or animated by 
 feelings of healthier patriotism. All this and 
 much more is at hand to kindle within us cheer- 
 ing hopes. May He who ruleth among the na- 
 tions guard them from disappointment ; may every 
 pious and patriotic hand help on the work of 
 healthy progress, and may the papers which we 
 propose henceforth to i>Iace weekly in the hand of 
 the reader be uistrumental in hastening on the true 
 jubilee of the people I n. d. 
 
 SIR JOHN FRANKLIN'S FIRST JOURNEY 
 
 IN THE POLAR REGIONS. 
 Sra John Fbanklin is, iu a very painful respect, 
 the hero of the day. Is he alive, or has he perislied? 
 and if alive, where is he? are questions wliich 
 pass from lip to lip, a id are eagerly discussed by 
 the tender-hearted around their firesides, and by 
 the learned in their scientific societies. What has 
 been done to solve these questions, and what re- 
 mains to be done, we shall take an early oppor- 
 tunity of informing our readers. Meanwhile we 
 may deepen the public interest in the fate of Sir 
 John and his companions by recalling the tale of 
 the suffering's v.hich he endured hi liis tirst Polar 
 joui-ney. The object of that expedition was to de- 
 termine the latitudes and longitudes of the north- 
 ern coast of Noi'th America, and the trending of 
 that coast fi-om the mouth of the Copper Mine 
 river to the eastern extremity of that continent. 
 And along with Captain FrankUn were men well 
 qualified to turn the expedition to the best account 
 lor both commercial and scientific purposes. 
 
 The Expedition embarked at Gravesend on the 
 23rd of Blay, 1819, on board the ship Prince of 
 Wales, belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company. 
 On the 25th July they entered Davis's Straits, and 
 on the 7th of the following month they had an 
 earnest of those perils which thickened around 
 them, and almost overwhelmed them at a later 
 period. Their ship struck violently on a point of 
 rocks projecting from the island of Resolution. A 
 gentle swell freed them from their perilous situa- 
 tion, but the currenfr" hurried them along in con- 
 tact mth the rocky shore, and the prospect was 
 most alarming. Three times were they driven m 
 the rocky terminatioi- of the projecting cliff, and 
 as often were they extricated by the swell and the 
 breeze. Before they had made much progress, how- 
 ever, the ship was violently forced by the current 
 against a large iceberg lying aground. Their peril 
 was now more alarming than ever. After the first 
 concussion, the ship was driven along the steep 
 and rugged side of this iceberg with such amazing 
 rapidity, that the destruction of the masts seemed 
 inevitable, and every one expected they should 
 again be forced on the rocks in the most disabled 
 state, a result which must have been decisive. And 
 now began a three days' contest between the pumps 
 uud the lealcs, which happily ended in the preserva- 
 tion of the ship. 
 
 There is no part of the proceedings and adven- 
 tures of this expedition that is not deeply interest- 
 ing. Their visits to tlie forts of the Hudson's Bay 
 Company, their river and lake voyagings, their 
 notices of the Esquimaux and Indian tribes, their 
 observations in science and natural history, are all 
 worthy of a fresh record. But our only object at 
 present is to give some idea of the difficulties which 
 they encountered on their return land journey from 
 the Arctic Sea, in company with th ^ sixteen Cana- 
 dian voyagers who had assisted them in their toils. 
 And to accomplish tliis we overleap all intervening 
 events, and pass on at once to the month of August, 
 1821, when their Arctic voyage terminated. 
 
 At the first rapid on Hood's River the party 
 deposited in a tin box a letter containmg an out- 
 line ov their proceedings, the latitude and longi- 
 tude of the principal places, and the course they 
 intended to pursue. The moniing of their final 
 departure on their way to Point Lake, wliich was 
 distant in a straight line 149 miles, was warm 
 and fine. Their luggage consisted of ammunition, 
 nets, hatchets, ice chisels, astronomical instruments, 
 clothmg, blankets, tlu-ee kettles, and two canoes, 
 which were each carried by one man. The officers 
 carried such a portion of their own things as their 
 strength would pennit ; the weight borne by each 
 man was about ninety pounds, and with this they 
 advanced at the rate of about a mile an hour, in- 
 cluding rests. In the evening the hunters killed a 
 lean cow out of a large di'ove of musk-oxen ; but 
 the men were too much laden to take away more 
 than a small portion of its flesh. Their daily travel 
 for some time was abt'.»t five, eight, and ten miles. 
 The weather varied, being sometimes fine, but more 
 frequently alternating between drenching rain and 
 di'iiting snow. On the 6th of September, their tents 
 were completely frozen, and the snow had collected 
 around them to a depth of three feet, and even in 
 the inside there was a covering of it to the extent 
 of several inches on their blankets. Their suffering 
 from cold in a comfortless canvas tent in such 
 weather will easily be imagined ; it was, however, less 
 than their suflering fi-om hunger, for their provi- 
 sions had now nearly failed. The next day, fearing 
 that the whiter had set in with all its rigour, and that 
 by longer delay they should only be exposed to an 
 accumulation of difficulties, they started, although 
 in a very unfit condition, being weak with fasting, 
 and their garments being stiffened with frost. Just 
 as they were about to commence their march. Cap- 
 tain Franklin was seized with a fainting fit in conse- 
 quence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to the 
 wind ; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, 
 he recovered so far as to be able to move on. The 
 ground was covered a foot dfeep with snow, the 
 margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the 
 swamps over which they had to pass were entirely 
 frozen, but the ice not being sufficiently Strang to 
 bear them, they frequently plunged knee-deep iu 
 water. Those who carried the canoes were often 
 blown down by the violence of the wind, and at 
 other times fell from making an insecure step on 
 a slippery stone. On one of these occasions, the 
 largest canoe was so much broken as to be ren- 
 dered utterly unserviceable. Tliis was felt to be a 
 serious disaster, as the remaining canoe, having been 
 made by mistake too small, it was doubtful whether 
 it woulii be sufficient to carry the party across a 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
THE LEISURE HOUR. 
 
 11 
 
 J 
 
 river. As the accident could not be remedied, they 
 turned it to the best account by malcin^ a fire of the 
 bark and timbers the broken vessel, and cooked 
 the remainder of their portable soup and arrow-root. 
 This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, 
 but it served to allay the pangs of hunger, and 
 enabled them to proceed at a quicker step than 
 before. From the depth of the snow they were 
 compelled to march in Indian file, that is, iu each 
 other's steps. A distant object in the direction 
 they wished to take, was pointed out to the man 
 who took the lead, and one of the officers followed 
 immediately behind hira to ranew the bearings and 
 keep him from deviating more than could be helped 
 fi'om the mark. They proceeded in tliis manner 
 throughout their route across the "barren groimds." 
 
 The first river which had to be crossed by means 
 of the single canoe presented a formidable obstacle. 
 The small vessel was found extremely ticklish, but 
 it wa.s managed with much dexterity by three men 
 who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing 
 him to lie flat in its bottom, by no means a plea- 
 sant position, owing to its leakiness. This opera- 
 tion occupied the greater part of a day. 
 
 About noon of the lOth of September, the wea- 
 ther cleared up a little, and to their great joy they 
 saw a herd of musk-oxen grazing in a valley below 
 them. The party instantly halted, and the best 
 hunters were sent out ; they approached the animals 
 with the utmost caution, no less than two hours 
 being consumed before they got within gun-shot. 
 " In the meantime," says Sir John Franklin, " we 
 beheld their proceedings with extreme anxiety, and 
 many prayers were doubtless oH'ered up for their 
 success. At length, they opened their fire, and 
 we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest 
 cows fall ; another was wounded, but escaped. Tliis 
 success infused spirit into our starving party. To 
 skin and cut up the animal was the work of a few 
 mmutes. The contents of its stomach were de- 
 voured upon the spot, and the raw intestines vhieh 
 were next attacked, were pronounced by the most 
 delicate among us to be excellent." 
 
 A fortnight later their suHerings were extreme. 
 They picked up some pieces of skin, and a few bones 
 of deer that had been devoured by wolves the pre- 
 ceding spring. The bones were rendered friable 
 by burning, and eaten as well as the skin, and 
 several of the party added their old shoes to the 
 repast. The two men who liad charge of the canoe 
 left it behind on the 22nd of September, because, 
 as they said, it was so completely broken by another 
 fall as to be rendered incapable of repair, and en- 
 tirely useless. " The anguish tliis intelligence occa- 
 sioned may be conceived, but cannot be described. 
 Impressed, however, with a conviction of the import- 
 ance of taking it fbi ward even in the state these men 
 represented it to be, we urgently desired them to 
 fetch it, but they declined going, and the strength 
 of the officers was inadequate to the task. To their 
 infatuated obstinacy on this occasion, a great portion 
 of the melancholy circumstances wliich attended 
 our subsequent progress may perhaps be attri- 
 buted. The men seemed now to have lost all hope 
 of being preserved, and all the arguments we could 
 use failed in stimulating them to the least exertion." 
 
 Our space renders it impossible to narrate the 
 incidents of peril and trial, of sclfislmess on the 
 part of some, and of generous heroism on the part 
 
 of others, with which the journal overflows. On 
 one occasion, when intercepted by the Copper Mine 
 river, and when every attempt to convey a rati of 
 willows across the stream had failed. Dr. Ilichiird- 
 son volunteered to swim across with a line, and to 
 haul tlie rafl over. When about to step into the 
 water he put his feet upon a dagger, which cut htm 
 to the bone ; but this misfortune could not stop him 
 from attempting the execution of his generous un- 
 dertalving. He kiunched into the stream with the 
 line round his middle ; but when he had got a short 
 distance from the bank, his arms became benumbed 
 with cold, and he lost the power of moving them. 
 Still he persevered, and turning on liis back, had 
 nearly gained the opposite shore, when Ins legs also 
 became powerless, and his friends, to their great 
 alarm, saw him sink. They instantly hauled the 
 line, and he came again on the surface, and was gra- 
 dually drawn ashore in an almost lifeless state. Re- 
 fore the river was crossed, the party was reduced 
 to great straits. One day a hunter brought in the 
 antlers and backbone of a deer which had been 
 killed in summer. The wolves and birds of prey 
 had picked them clean, but there still remained a 
 quantity of the spinal marrow which they had not 
 been able to extract. This, although putrid, was 
 esteemed a valuable prize, and the spine being 
 divided into portions, was distributed equally. 
 After eating the marrow, which was so acrid as to 
 excoriate tlie lips, they rendered the bones friable 
 by burning, and ate them also. 
 
 Five days were required to make a canoe of the 
 fragments of painted canvas in which the bedding 
 was wrapped, and to obtain pitch enough from the 
 sihJl pines in the neighboinhood to "pi /over" 
 its seams. The canoe being finished, one of the 
 men embarked, and, amidst prayer for his success, 
 reached the opi)osite shore. The cunoe was then 
 drawn back again and another person transported, 
 and in this manner, by drawing it backwards and 
 forwards, they were all conveyed over without any 
 serious accident. All thus safely landed on the south- 
 ern shores of the Copper Mine river, the spirits of 
 the men immediately revived ; each of them shook 
 the oflicers cordially by the hand, and declared that 
 they now considered the worst of their difficulties 
 over, as they did not doubt of reaching Foi-t Enter- 
 prise in a few days, even in their feeble condition. 
 
 Previous to setting out the next day, the whole 
 party ate the remains of their old shoes and what- 
 ever scraps of leather they had, to strengthen their 
 stomachs for the fatigue of the day's journey. And 
 after this, when neither animal food nor tripe do 
 roche, which had often proved their friend iu need, 
 was to be found, their only resource was a cup of 
 tea and " some of their shoes !" One and anotiier 
 now began to fail and fall behind, f ".ding it im- 
 possible to proceed. As a last u.pe, Captain 
 Frankhn was induced to push forward with a few 
 of the strongest of the men, in hopes of sending 
 relief from Fort Enterprise to those that were left 
 behind. In a few days the captain, with four men, 
 accomplished this jouniey, but to their g. jat disap- 
 pointment found Fort Enterprise desolate. Tliero 
 was no deposit of provisioiis, no trace oC the 
 Indians, no letter to point out where the Indians 
 might be found. " It would be impossible for me 
 (he says) to describe our sensations after entering 
 this miserable abode and discovering how we hap 
 
 l\VM\2 
 
. /\. 
 
 12 
 
 THE LEISURE HOUR. 
 
 i 
 
 been nCf^Ieetcd ; the whole party shed tears, not so 
 much for our o\ni fiitc, as for that of our iViunds in 
 the real", whose lives depended eiith'ely on our send- 
 ing relief from tliis place." 
 
 The lioiTors which followed are beyond descrip- 
 tion. Two of tlu^ party sank beneath them, and 
 their companions liad not strength sufficient to buiy 
 them. In tlie course of two or three weeks the sur- 
 vivors were joined by Dr., now Sir John, Richard- 
 son and a faithful itnd heroic man named Hepburn. 
 These brought the sad intelligence that four of their 
 detachment had perished, and that there was great 
 reason to conclude that three of the four had died 
 by the hands of the fourth, and that ilesh which 
 he had brought to them time after time as the 
 flesh of wolves, was no other than the Ilesh of their 
 comrades. Mr. Hood, one of the ablest officers in 
 th'i expedition, wa.s shot by tliis same murderer 
 while sitting by the fireside. " Biekersteth's 
 Scri])ture Help was lying open beside the body, 
 as if it had fallen from liis hand, and it is probable 
 that he was reading it at the instant of his death." 
 It being evident that the murderer, who was one 
 of the " Canadian voyagers," was watching liis op- 
 portunity to commit the same atrocity on the two 
 survivors, they felt it neccssai"y, at the moment 
 when lie seemed about to spring on his prey, to in- 
 flict on him a murderer's doom. 
 
 On the 7th of November, ten days after ^r. 
 Richardson's arrival at Fort Enterprise, the pai 
 obtained deliverance by the hands of three Indiana 
 who weiie sent to their relief. Tlieir life had been 
 hitherto sustained at this place by the bones and 
 skins wliich they dug from beneath the snow, and 
 they procured fire only by tearing up and con- 
 suming the floors of their dwelling. And had 
 relief been delayed but a few days longer, the 
 journal intimates that they must all have perished. 
 From this time, mind and body, wliich had become 
 alike enfeebled, gradually regained sti'cngth. The 
 Indians fed them as if they had been children, 
 and treated them with the utmost tenderness and 
 consideration, evincing humanity that would have 
 done honour to the most civilized people. On the 
 26th of November they were in a condition to re- 
 move to an Indian encampment, and on the 11th 
 of December they arrived at Port Pro\idence, 
 where they were joined by the survivors of Mr. 
 Back's detachment, and were sheltered in comfort 
 and safety for five months, till the advanced spring 
 allowed them to resume their homeward jouniey. 
 Their faith in Divine Providence had never for- 
 saken them, even in the depth of their miseries, 
 and it proved a stimulus to exertion which nothing 
 else could supply. " Through the extreme kind- 
 ness and forethought of a lady," says Dr. Richard- 
 son, " the party, previous to leaving London, had 
 been funiisked with a small collection of religious 
 books, of which we still retiiined two or three of 
 the most portable, and they proved of incalciduble 
 benefit to us. We read portions of them to each 
 other as we lay in bed, in addition to the morning 
 and evening service, and found that they inspired us 
 on each perusal with so strong a sense of the om- 
 nipresence of a beneficent God, that our situation, 
 even in these wilds, appeared no longer destitute ; 
 and wo conversed, not only with lalmness, but 
 with cheerfulness ; detailing, with um-estrained 
 c^imS^nce, the past events of our lives, and dwell- 
 
 ing with hope on our future prospects." If Sir 
 John FranJvlin and his enteiiirising conipimions are 
 still safe ir their Arctic prison, may the same Pro- 
 vidence whose care he has already enjoyed so re- 
 markably, send him help and restore him to a 
 country whose heart throbs with anxiety for liis 
 safety I * j. K. 
 
 THE OLD YEARS LAST HOUR. 
 It was the 31st of December ; the cold winter sun 
 had gone down the sky, every crimson streak had 
 for hours vanished, and the heavens looked like a 
 dome of clear blue crjstal, from which the stars 
 were shining out as in their youth, not seeming 
 like other tlungs ever to grow old. I looked from 
 my cottage window for a few moments on this 
 scene of calm and melancholy beauty, and watched 
 the lustrous and diamond-like spurlvling of those 
 many, many orbs, and then, amidst the deep silence 
 of that last night of the dying yeai', I was startled 
 by the rich-toned strokes of the village clock, 
 which through the crisp and frosty air tolled out — 
 deliberately pausing between the strokes — Eleven. 
 Cliilled by the keen and searching atmosphere, I 
 closed the casement, and sut down in the black 
 oaken chair that had stood beside that hearth so 
 mmiy years, and, stirring up the embers of the 
 logwood fire, mused on the curling, quivering 
 sparks which, like the joys of eiu'th, go out the 
 moment after their brightest flashes. The drowsy 
 ticking of the clock beside the door fell on my 
 ears, and seemed to wind round into my eyes with 
 somniferous cfTcet ; and after the shadowy and the 
 real had a little while ccntended for the mastery, 
 the latter retired and left me in the power of the 
 former, whereby I was gently carried into the 
 realm of dreams. 
 
 And I thought I was at sea, on an ocean that 
 was more changeful than even those which roll 
 ^ver so large a portion of tliis globe — an ocean 
 that strangely passed from calm to storm, and 
 from storm to calm — an ocean, too, that at the 
 same moment presented in close contiguity spaces 
 that were still as an angel's peace, and stormy as a 
 demon's rage. And there were more bai-ques than 
 I could number, some of which were the sport of 
 tempests, and others were sailing over quiet, sunlit 
 waters. But aU were moving on — rapidly moving 
 on; and opposite these rose a shore, rock-bound 
 and strong, wliich spread far away ; and on the 
 summit of a bold beetling crag there stood a tower 
 — I never saw a campanelle like tliat — having a 
 large illuminated dial-plate witfi stars upon it, 
 and astronomic signs ; and as we sailed past it, it 
 struck, and the stroke was startling. It boomed 
 out upon the main like thunder ; yet though loud 
 aa thunder, it was not rough like thunder, but it 
 had in it a soft melancholy and wiuling sound. 1 
 wondered gi'catly at it ; and before the echo had 
 died away, I thought I saw with me, in my vessel, 
 another beside myself — not like myself — in form, 
 aspect, and voice far diflferent. Very thoughtfUl 
 looked he ; and gazing in my eyes, he told me that 
 was God's great clock of time, of which the me- 
 chanism lay deep in natm-e, and spread out far and 
 wide with wheels and springs that had been set in 
 motion centuries ago. And he told me how it 
 mai'ked and manifested tlie flight of years, aut?