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OCTOBER, 1901 .N^'- \\^^ V(> <-A\AI)A V/ w ^^rijre^-ii^ ijt..-.- "^^m T^i^r^'s-" -2SfA'' ^- SX-?%\' ^ * i*atii-:: :^ M Introductory HE Canadian Manufa urers Association, by which the following brief sketch of Canadian Indr tries is issued, is an organization of all classes of manufacturers banded together to promote their common int r.Hs and • ' -dvance the general industrial prosperity of Canada. One of the particular objects aimed at is the promotion of foreign trade, m which connection correspondence is solicited from all parts of the world relating to the manufacturing industry of Canada. Foreign buyers are assured that the.r .n- quiries will receive prompt attention and ^l! information, including catalogues and price lists of particular lines of goods will be gladly sent them free of charge. Attention is also called to the following publications of the Association which con- tain much information of interest concerning Canadian manufacture rs and the.r manufactures. ^ j* ^ •* INDUSTRIAL CANADA" Th« official monthly organ of the Asiociition, published al the Head Office, Toronto. •• CANADIAN TRADE INDEX " A clauitied directory of the members of the Atsocialion, diitributed free of charge tomleretled parties, on application. 'Wm' •:."...^:^ Industrial Canada ^WADA is fast advancin^r u, the front rank as an indnstrial nali.m. To enable ^ her. however, to take her full and riKhtful plaee she has nee.l ot three '^ principal things : Capital. Population and Markets. Capital and population are the first requisites in order to develop the rieh natural resources of the I).. minion, while the comparative smallness of the present home market counsels Canadians to seek outlets for their surplus products in foreign helds. Hitherto the development of this cuntry has been handicapped by want of know- ledjre in foreign countries of the industrial possibilities of Canada. Even in Great Hritam. with which the greater part of our foreij,m trade is done, much is lett to be .iesire.l m this respect It seems hard for the British public to realize that the worl.l over no better field for investment of capital and f of Canadian pr.Klucts are equal, if not superior, in quality to those ot .Uher competitors. The present is particularly opportune for calling special attention to this matter, for there is n.. doubt whatever that Cana.lians are willing an.l anxious to arrange tor the fullest iiossible trade with the motherland and sister nations within the Hmpire. Public sentiment is alive to the fact that after all commerce is the great nation and empire builder. The following verv brief resume of Canadian industries is presented with the hope that tlie few facts and figures therein contained may a.s.sist in giving a clearer knowledge of this imi>ortant unit of the British Empire. (i ■mr%m^'.-' Material Development For the length of time over which the industrial history of Cana.hi mav l.e sai.l For the length ot time oxu, «...^ - , j^,, basis on Nvhich tlie prosperity of the eountrv rests. Population First, as to the p,.pulation. The followin, table shows the toU.l p.pulat.on o, Canada at decennial periods since 1S31. Comparative Table of Population 1s:M 1S41 1H51 1H.1^^:^^'^7^_ Total population l.ial,.iS., 1 ,....-J. . . -' .>...M,H.t .1,1M., » , . issi is'.ii r.'oi ;}-l,sio l.s:!:!,-i;i :,,:!:!s,ss;i Uus table it will be seen that the population has .ncreased live tunes ,n L-ra of j;Tealer industrial prospevilv than ever IMIIIU -o years. As Canada is now entering on an heft - than the one which has just closed. Expansion of Trade ,„^;:";::\l;;:;: «;;,:;;..,. «.» ■>■ .■»- - - - >-- i„,„,s'„« „r„»,x.mv. '-n-.s wm ... »»n *6« .!,. •!.")?, .■)10 l.-<,-'ii--',17t) f),S!t:!,ltl7 !L!..><71,«r)r> l,.")72.5l(l s:i7,-")itL' I.Sfili.KiM t. mm;, 821 ■J.lMi 1,722 .")7,567,H88 1H78 2, sfiit, •■!•;.■! r>,'.>2'.t,.3(!li 2(»,0.'>t,s-.'!» 1 1, "i 77, U.sC, 27.2S1,0S'.) 1,7 l.">, 77(1 I77,."in:i l(lS,'.IS".t 2,2t".t,t)(i7 IHKH 4, .■».•?!», tH8 7,S71,10.". L'2,s.>«»,2'.U L'.j,(;2(>,:i t,C.l <;,!».■).! ,s!t7,.'i(i:i 17, •■>••(> :!,()si,:i22 it(),20:{,000 I'M 1 1 ;i'.».'.ts2,.")7.'? IO,720,:!S2 .■i(),(i0:i,8.")7 .")."(, 4!»lt,">27 24,!l77,(ir)-.> 1C.,(»12,.J(I2 U.f,42 ;!'.ts,(i77 2ii,.17'.t,212 l<)s,(i!s,|(M Comparative Table of Imports WllKME tlrcat Hritain . . . . North .\merican Colonies West Indies . I'nited States . . {•"ranee (iermany .... Other Hritish Province Other Foreiffn Countries Free (ioods .... 1 S(if< .•iti,(i():i,ti'.".") l,r,:u,n » l,.i!M;,.").'i;i 2«>,:!1'>,0.J2 l,;iiii"),2!i.') 4S."),!»4:i 1.oj .s,;is;(,tii.>< 2.1 t.-).o!t(i '.t,M l,'.i:f.-| i.> In 185:5 the first locomotives m Upper Canada .Ontario^ were run over the Northe wav from Toronto to Bradfor.l. At the present time Canad.a has greater railn eompaied with her populati..n, than any countrv m the world. A glance at the t, statistics will show the progress of this development: Railway Progreis C.inada respect onlv 1 ; 1 miles, •rn Rail- ).ids, as ■ll.iwing lsi;i I '.Mid Miles ... Passengers Tons of l-'reiijbt luiriiinijs . isso Si;./ jl'.'iI''' |,s."it) l-">,'.'T7 1 1 .'>•'" .-i,i'.iii,iii; '.i,i;7l',-"i'.''.' -Ji.'''"'.!:.'. .■,'r,:ii'.v;;r, 1 i,i;."i;m'T1 t-.,',iii-..i-:; SI'.MT", ■"'■!'•' S:iJ,-'-.'7,tii'.t Sill, 7 III. --'Til Can.ils have alwavs i-laveil an import:nit p:in in the commerce of Can.id.a. llu- opening of the Lachine Canal dates hack as far as iS,,. The Welland Cana! was opened in ^i<^u and the Kideau Canal in iSur There are now eight c:n,als hetwc.en Lake Snpcno, and tide water, while the total expenduure on canal Unlding up M June v>th, looo, .amiunts to §79,o4,>,7S4. -'^;Mfr:js^m The development r,f Canadian railways and canals by lessening the cos. of tr. ns nortation has had a most wonderful effect on trade and in opening new tcrnt..ry. 1 ht cos of l.v «:. in tbe West is now not mttch higher than m the older provinces n. the St, Ind p;..h,cts from the inter., are be,ng conveyed to the coasts at an ever dnnm- "'""^T;eat improvements however are stUl contemplated m the present systems and va.t tracts of the Drminion have vet to he opened up. The next few vcars w,ll doubtless see a large expenditure of capital ' this wor'.. The industries of Canada fall into five leading groups: fisheries, mining, lumbering. :,gnculture an.l manufacturing. Each of these may be referred to separatelv. Canadian Fisheries The fisheries of Canada are the irost extensive in the world, embnuing over 5.^^ miles of sea coast besides innumerable inland lakes and nvers. The salt ..Ur. jr.a_^ estimated at more than ...00 square miles, the fresh water are.a at no less than 00 : "e miles. In .,00. 7,.S6, men we„- emphwcl in the fishing indnsfv using .„o6 ;^o fathoms of nets and other fishing gear, representing a capital .. ^'-----^,^^- 1^ _ twelve hun.lred schooners and tugs manned bv S.oSo sailors as w.U as .o.S,;. othci ermen usin-" over ^S.ooo b..ats found occupation m this vast mduslry. ^aU^tics are not vet to hand for „o, or ,.00, but the total value .,. the catch o fish in Canada for the 'vear iS.,., amounted to S^ 1 ,S... .70^. l-eing an increase o, about two and a quarter million dollars over that of the prece.bng vear. „,„„,,,:,., The lobster plant alone is estimated at S.,3M.'«'>- comprising h^s canneries dispersed on the sea board of the Maritime Provinces. No less than , S.^oS persons tound emplovmenl in this braudi of the fishing industry, using -ver ..360,000 traps. HI m^.^^: The salmcn prcs.rvi,,, in.U.«,r> of Bri.i* O.U„„hi„. npri^.n, ..nnori., .n,l the t"(.ll<>\vin<; (.■nonr.ous total values:- - Cod ^'yi:''u Hcrin-.r. ''''•' :^-'i'l L) hsters -^ -" Salmon, - , ■, ,_ Mackerel. .V^-'-S.^.-^-^ Forest Wealth A source of enormon. w. alth .. rana.K. ,s her .ores^s. The l"'-'!-;;';;;; ;;;); „..p,e of several variet.es. .hUe .u.l MaeU ash. ;.h.e ^ /-^j'-;,/' ;' ,;,:'U u! whte birch white aivl red oak. heech. aspen, pop .r. waln.U. ^^hu. ''"'' '^ "/ \''' , ^^ ^ :;;;';., .,„ ,„.. ,.„.. „.„,,. 7'>-;-:;:::-;tT';;::::-:r:^n ::';:"; i::^" ::;;:. r';.r ;,.".-:: »^ » ■. .-« <■ ■ .".■'-■'. -■ »- '-"• — ■■ «t S, ...■ B..1,. I,U.. a,„l ...n.,..,,,, a «„,. s,„uh...... dv o,,,,.. , ,,«>... --^ » '. ..' j».- Ba, ™""""'f•-v;::'/'■l;;^,:;^;:i'ro;' ....".::,'!;..: Dr Robert Be t u ^ ..ppvoxu.,ate total area of ..;>,o.uou s-iuare mdes. its averai.ie width is /OO niu.s. ^i\.u^ it n In view of the va.str..'ss of these resources, it may be safely said that no country affords a better field for investment in the lumber industry or in the manufacture of wood products. Statistics are not available to show the value of lumber produced for home con- sumption, but the followin,:^ table, containinjr values of exports for the years iSoi, 1.S94, 1S97 and 1900, shows the importance of the business in Canada: I 1891 LoKs, I'll" S l.M.oiiS Lojfs, pine 81,3, -SI Lo^s, [iriice 1">H,334 Deals, pine 2,S9I,79S Deals, spruce and others . . 4,HI7,3J*J I'lanks and boards S,(i-26,!I12 Total lumber SI7,.")T4,840 ShinKles 4:}S,9-->9 Sleepers and railroad lies. . . .'tlO.eT'i Sluv.ks, box '.'01,716 Total timber S 3,(IK4,2tK( Wood, blocks and other, tor pulp lMt<,99.S Total forest $24,-282,01.-) 1894 1897 1 1 1900 $ ir.2,221 $ 77,978 S 74,721 2,4r>9,:i")4 1,832,3,52 494,31 1 1(I7,2H2 102,399 63,078 2, 75 1.1169 3,266,087 3,276,516 .•.„i67,631 7,t>94,-. ■'> 8,287,960 7,: .7,001 10,817,912 9,611,278 SlS,5oi,")lS $23,808,562 $23,646,761 754,743 1,201,366 1,1 31, .506 I.'!l,79."> 229,7Htl 221.906 105,329 80,626 251,3.57 $ 2,590,,i42 S 2,289.068 S 2,013,746 :?93,2I)(I 711,152 !)02,772 $26,355,448 S3l,258,7-'9 $29,663,668 In addition to the above are the manufactures of wood, the exports of which in KS91 were valued at S1.024.44S. in 1894 at §1.34^,199. in 1S97 at §1,652,717, and in 1900 at §3.127.442. Of the above heavv increase a }^reat part is due to the increased exporta- tion of wood pulp, which leajjed from a value of §742,000 in 1897 to §1,210.000 in 1S98 ami §1 .S [t'l.uii'i 111 1900. 12 The Mining Industry Cannda as a tk-kl fi>r niininj; iiuistnu'nt has \Kcn rvccntlv attraitin^' Wdrld wiik' attentiim. Tlie result is a j^ivatly iicrcascd priKlncliim <>t' iniiuvals. especially in the Yukon, British Cnhmihi;. X.)rtr.ern (> irio ami Nova Seotia. In 1900 the value ])er capita <>\ the mineral menine nf the eninnuinitv haseil nn an estimate of 'he population amounted to §11. S4 as eompari'il with .Jioiu §S.()o in iSoi) and S-'.23 in iS^-m, The followiuj^ taMe will show at a j^lance tiie mineral pv ^iiuetion of (."anada lor the year 1900: Mineral Production in IVOO I'ROm CT ^lANTllV \'AHE Mkt.m.i.h. Copper, lbs IS,i»l!t,S-i(l * .'(.IHi:!, 1 1<» (".old, Vukofi •-'•-•,-.'7."..i>iH) f.oUl, all other ,l,441.7.Vi ViK Iron, tons :i.">,;ts7 .iSIl.ir.H Lead, li.s 63, Itill.NJl ^.TlKK-Vil Xiikel, lbs :.itK(l,2-27 :t.;<-'7,7'i7 Silver, o'.MU-es i.HHJMri •.',7;{0,.')i»S Zinc, lbs •.'12,M(NI >>.-MI Total metallu- S4 t,l»i C.raphitc, tons l,!l'2-' :!M.1I4(I Grindstones, tons !),.'>;'.l .');t,4.'iO Gypsum, tons 2'>2,iMn --'."ill.iKI!! l.itnestone for tlux, tons .'i^.lttiti 3il,;i32 Mica, tons Ilill.iKKl Mineral rij^iuents — BarMa, tons .... 1,331 7,.->7."> Ochres, tons 1,91)11 l.'>..i;)S Mineral water 7.">,'"«' Natural Ras 417,o■.',( M 17 I'Koiu I I Oi \N rii\ Phosphate (apatite), tons .... I ll.'t I'v'iles, I..fis 40.II3I Sail, lous (lj,ii.-|,-, St>apstoiK totis 1-0 T.ilc, tons l.iKNi Tripolite, ton> 33(1 Structural .Materials anti Clay I'ro lucts— Cement, natura' rock, SbK . . {■J.1,4'JS Cenieni, Portland, bhis ■JS3.1-.M I'"la>^st lines Granite Seiver pi|ie Slate Terra colla. presseil brick, eli-. Huikhni^ material. incliulitiu; bricks, builiiiiljj stone, lune, saiuls ,ind gravel, tiles, eti'.. . Total structur.al rtiaterials auil clay proiluci s Total all other tuui-mcl.iliti' . Total non-uietallii' Total metallic ICstimated value of minera pro- ilucts not reiurneil Total. llMiil 7,111.1 ■|.-.,lti4 r!l,4.".s l,3li.-. l.M.'.o i»'.l,!«'4 .■i4.").SJIi .■).-2.")0 Sd.lHKJ •.'(Ht.lliKl ■.•31..VJ,1 |-i.H"> ■_'."i!l.4.'itl J.S.Itt,!!!!!! $ 11, JS 1,11.". l(l.7!l'.^7^s S-'3,iis3.S!l3 411,3(11.1117 .'ttlll.lUHl Sii3,77."i.'itici This splendid total of ^63.000.000 for 1900 compares strikingly with §10,000,000 produced in 18.S6, 16,000,000 in 1890 and S:30,6oo,ooo in 1S93. As has been said, however, the openinj;: up of the mineral wealth of Canada has hardlv more than l)e<,nin. There is untc 1 wealth of ^^old in British Columbia and the Yukon with smaller deposits in other parts of the country. The co.d areas are estimated at 100,000 s(|uare miles, the workable seams bein^; in some districts (>u to -o leet wide. Iron, nickel, copper and silver amon-f metals ;uid asbestos, petroleum and mica amonj^ non-metallic minerals are al.so found in larye cpiantilies in dilYerent parts ot the r)ominion. RiJi returns, therefore, await the capitalist in this direction and capital is rapidly tlowing in to .ivail itself of them. Agriculture About 45 i)er cent, of the jiopulation of C;inada are supported by farminj;. In addition to these there is a larj,^e class employed in industries arisin.o; out of farmin;,--. such :is tlour and oatmeal milling, pork and beef packing and cheese and butter manu- facturin;.;'. Agriculture is thus the para.uount industry in Canada, which has become f.amous for the excellence of its ajjricultural products. The chief reasons for this preponderance are the fertility of the soil, the diversity of the climate and the prevailing levelness and low attitude of the ■,M-e;iter portion of the country. Aec duv^ to the census of 1S91 the total number of acres occupied was r.o, 'S;,- 000; impro.ed lands. 28,537,000; under crop, 19,905.000 ; (hardens and orchards, 465,000: pasture, i3.jS4.000. The census just taken will show a very lar.^e increase on these figures. 14 Tlie fxpnrl comiiUT'f in most i>f the tann ])riMhRts is rapidlv iiu-ivasiiij;^ TIr' tolldwin^^ conipanitivo statc-inuiU of tlie value- of the exports of soiiu- of tin- tarm pv Mliiots of Canada (luring the years 1S97 t.> I'loo shows the ^M-owth in that hort period and indieates somewhat of the <^reat possibility for expansion of this trade. Value of 5ome Canadian Farm Products Exported in Years 1897, 1898, 1899. 1900 and 1901. I Wars I'luliiikc Juiit' :iHili.) 1S<»7 IH'IS IW*!I I'.NMI I!HI| Wheat Kloiir Oals ilatmeal IVhsi- C'alllf Clieose BlItllT Pork, HacoTi ami llatiis Kkk- $ .•|,.".44,l!"7 I,."i40,s."il (y,(l4!l ■.',:i."c',.-iii T.i.'id.rfss 14,ii7(i.-_':!tl •J,iis(t,i7:t .■|,S71,!»>,7j;i.j!i-' ;7,."i7-.'.7(i:i ■_'. 11411. liMi l,-'.V.,.iii4 S 7.7S4.4S7 :i.|ii."i.-Js,S .■t.-.'lis.:iss ;t!M>,."itiS l,!I.Vi..">!IN s..-.'.'_>.s:ri |i>,77'i.7li.". ;),7i"i,s7:t 111 i7:t,-Jll .'ii7.(Hi:t #ll.!Hl."i.«ss •.'.7!M,NS." •.i,u:t.i7!» 474,.47l !i,ii"ii 4.1141. 121 .'!,iii:i,.')7.'i 4(17. '*'i7 •J,iiH4.ns.-> |ii.it:u.!il-2 ■.'I.l-'!i,s7ii :t.:f.v.,|ii7 I l.SHI. !!>■-' l,li!l-.'.-_'--'l( $4-'.;t:u.-Js.'i Sti,-.,H|H.77s S.-,7.2r)l,'l7t> Sli7.><7l.-'i , 1 «4.0"'. ^iT-*-' 1^68, the exports of manufactured articles have increased by 91S per cent., from §1. 572, 546 to §16.01 2. 502. in the same period. The census returns of 1S91 sh< ■• that the number of mechanical and manufactur- ing establisliments increased from 4<^722 in iSSi to 75.f/>« in "i^9' : the capital investeli iiiL-nts. Canai<<\ the amount e.xiiorti'd was $;4.04'i.i Ji , the i^rcaler pail of wliiili went to : in both cases. ntarK' all ^.^oin^ to Cireat Hritain. Bacon and Dressed Meat. 'l"he packing indtistr\- in l.'ana- anotiur ;m'>ort:i:it ind ■-JilIT &•• Manufactures of Wood Statistics have alrca.ly been -isx-n to sh..w the i.nportaiKv of the hnnl.cr iti-lustrv in Canada. A few ,1 the lea.lin^^ .Mnufacliires ..f wnn.l niav nnw he n..tc.l. Wood Pulp Chi'.r an..;n- Hus., ». w-hkI pulp, in ti, i.rn.lnetiun of whul, al.uut ivventv million dollar, arc at present nuested, anrl this amount is eontinually inereasin-. The superior .pialitv of Canadian spruce, its iniluuite.l .piantitv, and the al.und.mt supplv -.1 water power .all co„ii,ine to make C.m.ul.a one of the best can.l. A hn-e foreign trade ,s sure to develop as this is an in.luslrv pcculiariv well a.l . ted to t anada own,^ to the . .au. an., variety of the woods available for raw m.iterial. is Agricvltural Implement* (' Mi.nli.iii iinpli'im-nt-; t)\ ttnii- Miiu'viov .lu.tlity h.ivi' w..n |,.r ihcmsrlvrs :in .lui.il.K Umsi mh m tlu- markets nf tlu- world. Tin- j^rowth -f llir industrv in t'aiia.la lias .j.,iic liand in lian.l willi lln- a-ri. nltnral pr-.-rcss nt llu- fonntrv. 'V\u- ri-sult is thai iIki\- ,s liardU an imiHMtant mark, t in tin- w.rld wlun- Canadian ai;rifnltnral imiik'nu-nts arc nut used. Musical Instruments l"..iiadian i>r;;ans liavi- w.m tlir 1ii.l;Iu st award-^ at tln' w.irMs exp..sili..ns and aiv rmdinj; a ivadv sa.U- in l..u>i-n maikrls. ■I'll.- mannfa. tniv mi' piaiiM^ lias alsn advanccMl rapidly >' l"t.d vain.- ■>: ..titans ;'.nd ])ianmUi''! t' S!i4').-"i- Vehicles— Tlu' vi'lii.K' indnslrv is r..ndiKti-il bv lar.^..- firms win. li ar.-n..w hran.lim:.^ ..lit in I'siMirl trade. C'aiia.lian rarriaj;i-s arc n.>Ur ilu-ir i-k'^.iiu.' ami strcnv^lli. nwl have excited v.-rv l"av..rai>k- eiunment at I...1I1 the Paris an. 1 the t '.las.;.. w l-Miilm 1. .ns. 'I'lic hicyele imlnstrv. v.' aii is a hratuh ..t' llie ^i-lii..!.' in.lnstry. has assiiin.'.l lar;.;.- .liiiunsi. m-.. H'jini.;- in c.ntr.il ..I' a I'esv lar^e ei'iuerns, it is iMrric.l ..n in tli.- m..-i .•.-..n. .mual manner. ;ind a hii.;h j;rade .>f '.ieveles is prndueeil. The exp..rts in i.i So". US- Other Manufactures of Wood A k-w ><\ llu' ..lli.r iinp..rtant arti.l.s ..| mamit.i.' tnre t'n>m \v....d ma\- Ik- emiinerate.l. |),...rs and ^asli ,ire pr...llU'e.l m l.ir.:;e .pi.tiitities ;in.l shipiie.l t.. C.reat Britain, Snitli Atriea an.l Anstrali.i. M.itehes are .ils.. m.ide .■.•..iii.iniealh, !)i>th fr.>tii paper .'Uid wn.i.l. i,.ir-e laelnries are emi>l..v.-.l in llu- m.ikin:^ .if inlerii.r dee. .r.itl.ms .and h.inse.fnrnisliin!.;s. .•.insi.ler.il.a' (pi.tntilies ..J wliuh ar.- exp.irteil. W.M.denware. snch as j.ails ami ehiirns is ,1 i.n.lil.iliK- line ,in.l s.. are \v."..l specialties, which onsist of o.lil emls ..f -..o.l Ininher ntih/e.l i.ir sneli pnr|)..ses as skewers, handles, d. .wells, ete. Bent j; ....Is in the f.>rm ..l' hnl.s, spokes, rims. etc.. an- produced h.ith, f.>r the home market ami f..r exp.irt tnide. Manufactures from Minerals Iron and Steel Industries- -At the- prL-sciU lime many millions <.f AnKln-Amcrican capital arc l.cin- cxpcnad in cstablishin,^^ iron ani liidi's ni skins while hcT import aniouiULMl to over !S4,i)OC).oiio. Imoiii the latter ami similar ])ro(huts of local sui)plv are made llie various leathers and leather ;^oods I'or liomr e.msiimiitioii and for export. The total volume of leather esportt^l in loni amounted to SJ. ;!■;..' : J. of which the i^reater part went to Ciivat liritain. In boots and shoes Canada is doin.14 a lari^a- and ii'icreasinsr forei^^n trade. Harness and saddlerv is also mannl'ai tnrc il in 1 ir.iie ([nantities. the latter heini;- the more imi)ortant for export. Leather sales in laii^land and Australia have been .i,n-owin.L; rapidly dnrin-- the last few vears, ami the fiituiv is full of promise. Textiles The woollen industry ..ccui>ies an important i)laee atnoiv^C'anaili.in man ufaetures. About SiS^ooo.""" capital is represented and emi)lo\nnnt ,L;ivitant industrv m I'.m.ida. The com. panics eni;ai;eil in it are well established, and are now succcssfiill\- catciin:,; to th<' toieiviii market. The most attractive desij^ais ,-,nd lonvi'iiieut patterns are iistd to suit the tastes of customers abroad. Miscellaneous < )ther mamifaet iiri-rs in which tlu' lie- mniiv^s of ,1 siu cessfiil export trade • ire beini; made arc rubber t;oods, jewellrv, drii;,;s, cxplosixes, oil cake, soap and c ord.e^e. In conclusion, Canadian m.iniif.ictiiu'rs ha\e ^lowii be\ond iirodiuiiv^ iikicU- to satisfy the home market of live and ,1 half million people. Tliev .iie now lookin;.^ out upon the world as liieir market and are cipiippin- thems(.'l\es ti> enter the world eoinpe tilioii in an intellii;ent .iiid progressive manner. Awards to Canadians at Chicago and Pans A stn.n^r pn-ot of the hiRh ciuulily of Cana.lian products of all kinds is attor.lc. hv the lai-K^e mnnhcr of pri/.es awarded to Canadians at the world s ^;xi'"f "j"'^, /^^ Ciieai, the otVcial report ^nves the total number ot these awanls as 2.1 .'6. ot w neh 6,S M^^'the nepartmenJ of ^.rieuUure. ,6, to Live Stock. .4 ^" ^----'^^ |:;ns'c:na:H Minin.r ,, to Machinerv. .'S to Transportation, and 121 to Manutactmes At 1 ans Lana 1, i-eceved 26S awards including 3- RV.and pri/.e diplomas. 6^^M medal diplomas. 90 siKc medal diplomas. 52 bron/.e medal diplomas an.l ,^2 honorable mention diplomas. 39 -f helwere Un m anutacturcs. At the C.lasRow and the Pan-American Ivxhib.tums Lanada h;^ bc^n makin":m excellent showing. In the department ,.f fruit at the Pan-Amenean. f,,r instance. Can;ulian exhibits captured all the prizes awarded. Transportation, Shipping &c. Reference has been m.ide to the development of transportation tacilities in Cmida Of the 16^ railroads n..w in existence, the two most imp..rtant are the Canadian ■ ' 'and the (irand Trunk, the former stretchin- from ocean to oce.m. tne latte'" coyei- and connectinu- with Chica-o and the Western I nited States. Canada to utilize the ma;4nihcent hii,rliway ot ., , , , ., . , , ,., „.,,-;,..-,ii.>i-, f,,r li.i-htcr biittoms beillu' now water afforded by the Paciti-: in.L;- the Eastern ])rovinces The extensive canal service .also enables , ,„ . inland lakes, ocean navigation tor liRhter bottoms bem- established with S.iult Sle. Marie and Chica;4i>. . , . , There are some ',0.000 miles .,f telegraph line m operation, ot which some y-" hv the -overnmenl. The tck-raph accomm..dation alforded is countrv. Canada havin- a tele-raph ofticc for each -roup ol 2,026 United States has one for each -roup of 3.349. '■'''■■^^l P>ritain one to Cicrmanv one to every 2.S42. whole marine trade of Canad.i is nearly and on tlu miles are controlled e(pial to that of anv persons, while the everv i,!^34. l'"rance one to every 3--7.i- The shippiu'' reciuired to carrv - - .,.,,,,.■„. r,M,ooo< ton. i:^n-,nerlv. quite a number of vessels were built ,11 Can.ada. bu o.n;. e ■ anu- t-om wood' to iron an.l steel ships the industrv has tallen aw.iv .nat,nalh X„w that tl7e steel industrv m Canada is eomm- forw.ird, th.U o, steel shipb.uldm:, u,ll in all pr'>b,ability follow closelx after it. f TIk' {Krst dITicc s\-st(.-in of Canada is one nf Uic must > ilirifin in ill" world, in lyoo the nninber of post offices ainonnted to ').<>2J. and tlir lota! nnniher of letters was over 200,000,000. It tnav not he amiss to rei-all here tlu' faet that Canada was the lirst to ado])t the Imperial penny poslatje. Field for Settlement There still remain in this eoiintrv immense areas of sjiUndiil farminL; lands ojun for settlement. The .illotnu'nt of these is in the hands of the Dominion .uid the several I'rovineial (lovernments. I'nder the Dominion Crovernment re^nl.itions .niv ])erson who is the sole head of a family, or mv male of iS years of av;e or ol(k'r may ohtani I'lo acres of land in M.mitoha or the Nortli-West Territories on i)ayment of a fee of >e ima:.;ined when ii is k'arned that in Maniloha alone onl\- abont one tenth of the .e^rieulttiral land is now under cultivation. Population is. however, rapidlv llowin;^ in, and .1 prominent western eiti/.en has rcciMith' predicted that the da\- is not ver\' f;ir dist.mt when Maniloh.t will he produein;.;' ,1-. mnrli wheat as the entire sprinj;' crop of tin- r)iitc