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BOLLBTIN (Special ) „^Y ,3^ 
 
 Ontario ^ricultural College and Experimetital Farm 
 
 PLANS OF BUILDING 
 
 AND 
 
 METHODS OF CONDUCTING 
 
 CHEESE FACTORIES AND CREAMERIES. 
 
 By H. H. Dean, B.S.A.. Professor of Dairy Hr8BA> 
 
 NDRY. 
 
 PUBLISHBD BY 
 
 THE OHTAHO DEPAirMENT OF AOHIOULTirRF, TOBONTO. 
 
 „._,^^^ T0B0NT9: 
 
 WARWICK BRO-S « RDTTBR. p,,™„ „„ Boo.««„.i^ t^^ g,. „„ 
 
 18W. 
 
THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 
 
 A«I> 
 
 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, GUELPH, ONT. 
 
 HON. JOBN DRYDEN, Toronto, Ont., 
 
 Minister of Affrioulture for Ontario. 
 
 Jamm MiLW, M.A., LL.D ' President. 
 
 J. H. Pantok, M.A., F.0.8 Profeeeor of N»tur»l History and Geology. 
 
 A. E. Shdttlkworth, B.A. So Profeeeor of Ohemi«try. 
 
 J. H. RuD, V.S Profeeeor of Veterinary Science. 
 
 H. H. DiAN, B.S. A Professor of Dairy Husbandry. 
 
 Wm. Rimnii p„n, Superintendent. 
 
 0. A. Zavim, B.S.A Experimentalist. 
 
 G. E. DAT, B.S.A Agriculturigt. 
 
 H. L. Hun, B.8.A Horticulturist. 
 
 '•5-Habbi80K,B.S.A Bacteriologist. 
 
 J. B. RiTNOLDB, B.A, Lecturer in English and Physics 
 
 J. F. Olabk, B.S.A. Resident Master. 
 
 R. Haboodbt, B.S.A. Assistant Chemist. 
 
 L. Q. Jabvis Manager and Lecturer in Poultry Department. 
 
 R. F. HotMBMANK Lecturer on Apicultuw. 
 
 Oapiaik Waltib CtABM Instructor in Drill and GymnasticB, 
 
 W.O.STKWABT.MD Physician. 
 
 G. A. Putnam Stenographer. 
 
 A. MoCalicm Bu^, 
 
 ADVItfOBT BOARD. 
 
 JOHM I. HoBSON, Chairman Guelph, County of Wellington, 
 
 John MoMillak, M.P Seaforth, County of Huron. 
 
 BdwabdJbf™ Bond Head, County of Simooe. 
 
 i'n®^"" •• ••• Maple Lodge, County of Middlesei. 
 
 S. B, BoTOB , . J . . . . , , Norham. CQant" of Nerthnsaharlar-d. 
 
 D. A. DowuNo Appleton, County of Carleton. 
 
 Wm. DoNALiJaoK South Zona, County of Oxford. 
 
 O. G. Jamib, SttnUtTf Deputy Ministi*' of Agriculture, Toronto. 
 
BULLETIN (SPECIAL). 
 
 Plans for Building and Methods of Conducting 
 Cheese Factories and Creameries. 
 
 following hints on buildin|Tnd op«Xrir.r -^^^ *° P'"?"*"*' '*>•* ^»>« 
 factories are .abmitted with the hon^thi^tJ.^* u""®. creameries and cheese 
 the latest improvements in stnictuJJ^ ti ZTl^ '"""'^ "'«'"' >*» -««"ing 
 cheese and butter "*"»<^'"«"» *<> be used for the manufacture of OanadiaS 
 
 in «IjJL"tra: trfnTlhe' s.^^mfr^'Vf ' "*•''« '"^ '^""^ »* ^^e creamery 
 milk (averaging about nrofb^erir STiS'oT t' ^°'!-/'-°- ^he skim^ 
 price obtained L- creamery Lte"a8Smia?.iw;?l "J^'?" '">''')' »°d the extra 
 expanse, of manufacturingTd a^m^Hf f . « ^"""^ ^"r"^""' '''" P»7 t^e 
 
 separator creamery in wintfr^ould Z *L / .creamery In many casi the 
 pound after deductinVthe Lrto rn^^n u^"'V % '"*''«•** °' ^ to 6 cents a 
 the drudgery of makinrbutTerLrr ?,*'•''*'''" '^' '"/'" ''^"^^ ^ '«««^ed of 
 Nearly every cheese flcLvilfKrp • ^'"^ t"^ unfavorable circumstances, 
 four tS six Inths each ';^^^^^ ^^S^* *<> ««°ge to make butter fo; 
 
 third to one-half. as we^Urbe^.tVoTre^tT^^^^^^^ 
 
 Advantages of Co-oprrativb Dairtino. 
 ^J. oonxquMdy bring . higher average prioa than prirato dairy 
 
 ^or to «.„pe .he co-o^rati™ ^TH^^!:' l^ZZlfZ^lTL^ 
 
 dairyman would buy the utenail- !„:! Z!;i„ *t ^1 u ^ *°'"'® ''""''^ be if each 
 
 «.e .il. i. bi,o™V.S^r''?Si"rrn,;7X*V.t:a"rSr '°°'"'"'*°'- 
 ine object of each neraon monaoA ;„ »i.«. u....: i . . . 
 
 « cheaply as possible. ' The profits Tnd;i;;i;g7rbrwi\'Th!' P':^"<'« «?od« 
 and the cost of producing and marketina P«? '»« between the price obtained 
 
 oentsperpound^nditcits6crtsto7i«duJ^^^^^^^ fo' 10 
 
 per pound is made. But if it sell for°lS':^nrand' tToitsIs*^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 [3] 
 
* profit of bat 2 cents is made on each pound of obeeae. Profit$ do not depend 
 merely upon getting a high price, but in producing aa cheaply u poiiaibie and then 
 getting the highest available price for the goodi. 
 
 3. Skilled labor may he employed in manufacturing. This is a day of spec- 
 ialities. A farmer is not expected to be an expert in growin^r foods, in breeding 
 and rearing dairy stock, and also be an expert cheeue or butter-maker. 
 
 4. It is possible to extend co operative dairying to that branch of farming 
 known as the hog industry, which is so closely allied with the dairy. Instead 
 of hauling the whey, akimmilk and buttermilk back to the farm for feeding 
 hogs, it will be more profitable to feed these hogs at or near the factory, where 
 there are sufficient by-products to warrant the erection of suitable pens and the 
 engagement of a competent person to feed and care for the animals. 
 
 5. There will be more wealth to the mass of farmers, more comfort in the home, 
 less tired, worn out farmern' wives and daughters, who are already overworked, 
 and lastly, if co-operative dairying is more largely adopted, there will be built 
 up a national industry that will be a source of national pride. This last cannot 
 be accomplished eo long as private dairying takes the lead. 
 
 Chkesb Factory or Orbambry ? 
 
 This question is frequently atked. Several times we have received a postal 
 oard with something like the following written upon it : 
 
 " We are thinking of startiog a cheese factory or a creamery in this neigh 
 borhood. Which would you advise us to build t " 
 
 The answer to this depends upon circumstances. Of course those who ask 
 are anxious to know which will pay them best. Judging from the experience of 
 the Province as a whole, we should conclude that the cheese factory has paid 
 better than the creamery, as we have more cheese factories than creameries. Bat 
 there are some districts where a cheese factory can not be successfully carried on 
 unless for a short time during the summer, and even then it is under difficulties. 
 Sections such as parts of Wellington Oounty, Waterloo, Huron, Bruce, a portion 
 of Brant, parts of Simcoe and York, where beef raising has been a speciality for 
 years — in these sections, cheese manufacturing is difficult, owing to the fact that 
 all the milk is taken from the farm and there is none to rear steers for fattening. 
 In such places the creamery will be foupd more satisfactory, as the skim-milk is 
 either left at the farm or returned after separation at the factory. 
 
 In other localities where the population is scattered, roads are bad and the 
 cost of transportation high, the creamery will meet with more favor than the 
 cheese factory, and will be more profitable. It is a question that each place 
 must decide for itself, after taking into consideration all the circumstances. A 
 general answer would be to build cheese factories in cheese factory sections, 
 creameries in creamery sections ; and where there are neither, establish according 
 to the local surroundings ; but in any case, it would be advisable to build so that 
 either cheese or butter may be manufactured without much additional expense, 
 as the future of this industry is to be largely cheese in summer and butter L 
 winter, owing chiefly to climatic conditions. 
 
 Establishing Factories in New Flacbs. 
 
 In localities where the people know very little about the management or 
 requirements of a cheese factory or creamery, it is a good plan to secure the 
 services of some competent person to address a public meeting on the advantages 
 
 and essen 
 of some I 
 what aoti 
 port it, tl 
 some oth< 
 committe 
 number c 
 who will 
 factory is 
 ceed upon 
 secured, o 
 be advisal 
 
 Then( 
 butter dia 
 cows, cart 
 buildings 
 
 The n( 
 
 There 
 it is eithc 
 pany" pli 
 building, < 
 rate per p 
 her of cov 
 running a 
 For cheea( 
 half centa 
 the factor 
 cents per ] 
 
 In the 
 all or a pc 
 becoming ^ 
 has aevfiVA 
 
 1. The 
 in its well 
 by some oi 
 
 2. The 
 be applied 
 limit, aftei 
 after payit 
 
 Some c 
 of shareho 
 shareholde: 
 there is a ] 
 will under! 
 plan. 
 
 To fort 
 Act of 188 
 facturing i 
 
• not depend 
 tie and then 
 
 day of Bpeo 
 in breeding 
 
 I 
 
 >• 
 
 of farming 
 y. Instead 
 
 for feeding 
 itory, where 
 )ns and the 
 
 in the home, 
 >verworked, 
 ill be built 
 last cannot 
 
 and esaentials of co-operative dairying. Seek to get the support and inflaence 
 of some prominent men in the locality, as the majority are apt to wait and see 
 what action half a dozen leading farmers are going to take. If these men sup- 
 port it, then nearly all are likely to fall into line. It would be well at this or 
 some other meeting to divide the territory into say four sections, and appoint a 
 committee of two in each section to canvass the neighborhood and find out the 
 number of cows within a radius of five or six miles, and the number of men 
 who will pledge the milk from their cows for a term of three or five years, if the 
 factory is erected. After this committee reports there will bo some data to pro- 
 ceed upon for future operations. Unless the milk from about 300 cows can be 
 secured, or a probability of having this number in the near future, it would not 
 be advisable to build a factory and equip it on a very extensive scale. 
 
 The next step is to select a couple of suitable men to go into cheese and 
 butter districts and gather all the information possible in reference to feeding 
 cows care of milk and cream, methods of conducting the business, plans of 
 buildings and all matters pertaining to the dairy. 
 
 The next point to decide is the 
 
 ved a postal 
 
 this neigh 
 
 •e who ask 
 cperience of 
 ry has paid 
 teries. But 
 r carried on 
 diffioalties. 
 e, a portion 
 eciality for 
 he fact that 
 tr fatteniDK. 
 kim-milk ia 
 
 tad and the 
 ir than the 
 ) each place 
 itances. A 
 ry sections, 
 h according 
 mild so that 
 al expense, 
 i butter :» 
 
 Bigement or 
 I secure the 
 advantages 
 
 Method of Conducting thb Factory. 
 
 There are several ways of starting and conducting the business, but usually 
 It IS either what is known as "private enterprise" or the "joint stock com- 
 pany plan. In the first way, some pei-son or persons agree to build a suitable 
 building, equip it properly, and manufacture the milk or cream at a certain 
 rate per pound, the patrons contracting to furnish the milk from a certain num- 
 ber of cows for a certain number of years. In this case the private individual 
 running all the risks, usually charges a higher rate than the joint stock factories' 
 For cheese the rate usually varies from one and one-half cents to two and one- 
 half cents per pound, the patrons delivering the milk on the milk stand or at 
 the factory— usually the former. For butter the rate varies from three to four 
 cents per pound. 
 
 In the joint stock company method the patrons (and others also subscribe 
 all or a portion of the money required to build and equip the factory, thus 
 becoming owners of the building and plant as well as of the cows. This method 
 has sev.^ral advantages, the chief of which are : 
 
 1. The shareholders, who are chiefly patrons of the factory, have an interest 
 m Its welfare, and are more likely to give it hearty support than if it is owned 
 by some one else. 
 
 2. The patrons receive the benefit of the profits of manufacture, which may 
 be applied in reducing the cost of manufacture to shareholders to its lowest 
 hmit, after all charges have been paid ; or a dividend may be declared each year 
 after paying running expenses, cost of repairs, etc. 
 
 Some cheese factories are able to haul the milk and manufacture the cheese 
 of shareholders for less than one cent per pound. It is usual to charge non- 
 shareholders an extra rate ef about one-quarter of a cent per pound. Unless 
 there is a man in the neighborhood who is likely to succeed as a manager, and 
 
 will nndor^alrp flip '••.«<»l>' •<■ J- U.*f„_ i- _j.__/. . «_-i_ .« . . ®. 
 
 r..,„r vac TTum, iv ta ueiitcF to stark, a laucory on tae private encerpi'ise 
 
 To form a joint stock company it will be best to 'oroceed under the Ontario 
 Act of 1888, which provides for the incorporation o» cheese and butter manu- 
 facturing associations in a very simple manner. 
 
 ^sfii 
 
6 
 
 AN AOr TO PROVIDE FOR THK INCORPORATION OP OHIESE AND BUITER 
 MANUFAOTURINO ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 [AimUed to tSrd March, 18S8.] 
 
 H^?r<wi^niTo'„uW,:^',^L'tn '"" "•"■*"' "' •''•' ^'"'""*"- A-"^''y "' »»"• 
 
 »n«/hIZ7i,fk *"^ *""* heretfter. nny five «r more (wmona who d«»ire t) aaiiociate thenm-lvHH 
 
 thtn^,tCif. 'thS'r";S:"Hr'" ••"" "•' ^"VH'l^'"; »"!^«' '•? duplicate; «nTfilei,Uh"oScer; 
 »ne reffi»ir»t ,11 the regiHtry divmon in which the Inu ucm i t» be o«rri«d on a CRrtifir&t. i., 
 
 rhe™fe.'and"rt::.Mr."*'"""'J,V^'' 'f'"d"let» thi. AcN or to the ^melrcMoi h^^^^^^ 
 ine rulea and rojful»tiou», siKned by such |>eriioas rn-pectively. 
 
 (2) Theiji^nUure* to the rulog nhall bi verifi^I by the affidavit of a ■ubrc-ibinir witnn.. 
 
 '^s!^iu"^^iz,\X'X!,ii'::i'i!rx;;[,i'j. >^ ■- "-.".-"-Salt's 
 
 lands as are required for the convenient nianagement of their business. ^ 
 
 «ndJrl «n^h^^?l;'*V ,'l''l>"ty«^!ri»trar shal). if de»ired by the pfrson filinff the certificate 
 endor*e on the other duplicate certificate iiixl upon the duplicates of the rules certificate» of t ?• 
 
 .£irhL"^rS^/:!"°^r*'' fi'f^ m his oHlce. with the dlte of filing, and eveVr.uchcerUfi°*^^^^^ 
 •hall be pnma facte evidence of the fact, stated therein and of the incorporation of the awl^ia 
 
 (6) All rules made by the association may be repealed, altered or amended hv n»k.f r..i.>. 
 pasHe<f«»» reguUr meeting called for that pGrpo^e? pro vid'ed no such new ?u^^^ 
 Joroe or eflfect until a copy, proved by the affldaVit ot the president or ot^er head ofticer of the 
 2S2dlllv'*^l*^^,^*'"'' "°'^y ?' *•'?."?'« °T ">'«• P"«d by the association at a mij| 
 ;fi'lL*^eVl!£a'te*'oV;S^^^^^^^^ »"• ^" «"^ - '»"' -«-try offlce^S 
 
 e-peSll^cVa^Ta ?bS d^ th^n^-hiri Wept ''* '~"""^' " "^ '^"•' ''*'"" «*«"- 
 
 (a) A dui)Iicate of the certificate and of the rulea filed as aforeuid in the office of the 
 
 W&rndrSleJ"""" ^""'"'^ ">«>»beni of the association may sKbeJJd 
 
 (6) 
 
 Any member BO desiring to become a member of, or a stockholder in the said associa- 
 ^Lm h'*1' "'^^'"HfiV"" *' "^T""^' ""y •'■»« »»>« "W certificate and rule "n the 
 H^h.^.^'V."'^ 'i " t^t'""'^" I'e^ome such member, and he shall be entitlel o the 
 ♦K* k'?*^ privileges thereof, and shall become liable as such member as fully as 
 though he had signed the certificate prior to the said incorp^ratLn of t"e Sia' 
 
 ^,!.*?' ^" "«.«ciation shall be registered under a name identical with that by which anv other 
 Sve^h^p7bi^ **" ^m»^-^r.d, or so nearly resembling such nimeL to beiifel^t" 
 
 tr. V.5- Any certificate BO to be filed may designate any one or more places where the busiiess i» 
 iffiSoTeyddTv/si^n! '" "''"' '■'^''"'^ '*'''"°"'' " ^"P"*=**« '""** ''« fil^ in the ^egUtry 
 
 4. A member of an aswoiation incorporated under this Act may have share* therein to nn 
 amount mentioned in the by-laws of the association not to exceed •l.OOa? 
 
 frame* «»°of rn?»,"f"*l*K '"" «="'n?'enoe8 operations unier this Act they shall agree upon and 
 «h.n o^„?;{„ m ' ''""i''^ regulation, government and management of the a88<^iatiorwhich 
 SaScr„tB- 8 L^v?rlnH"l^H"T'"^ ''?^ "Pf'''^ meetings; (2) provisions forVidit 
 
 ^Ik^, i? ' * ' .'lu*?' *"° '""^'' °/ witlidrawal of members ; 4 appointment of manatrers and 
 SnSrd'other'ca'ur''" '"""' "'"' " P'"''"''" ^''' filliaiUncies cauTedTd^rtl' 
 
 seal tHereto ; and all moneys payable by any member to the association, in nurluanca oF^said 
 rules, shall be deemed to be a clebt due from such member of the associafiin P"""*''*'' "^ "^"^ 
 
 the rolel*** °*^'*''' °^ *''* a8«>o«t»on shall be in shares of such denomination aa mentioned in 
 
 8. Tl 
 of the asB 
 
 0. A 
 
 by him, ii 
 
 10 1 
 under thii 
 assDciatioi 
 in inannei 
 conclu^ivt 
 
 II. 1 
 assooiatioi 
 due by th« 
 holder ha\ 
 further lii 
 
 13. T 
 
 for any m 
 
 13. E 
 
 reign, cha| 
 money by i 
 
 14. E 
 
 the interes 
 contained, 
 and treasui 
 
 15. N( 
 has been at 
 
 maif>:ily in 
 d)'.iy called 
 
 N 
 
 The! 
 and fiuttc 
 
 Province of 
 ' •^ To Wi 
 association i 
 and Butter ] 
 
 The cor) 
 Manufjcturi 
 purchase, mi 
 unlimited, a 
 amount as s( 
 of the truste 
 such trustees 
 R. Stover, a 
 carried on ar 
 
 Dated N 
 
 On th 
 
 No. !.-( 
 James Barr, 
 individuals d 
 certifictle, an 
 
 No. 2.-: 
 Office nf the < 
 A.D. 
 
of th*Ji!:;&r "'''••' "•'^'•*'"" •«>•» b* tran.f«r.hla. .ubjact to th„ con-nt .n.l app-ovl 
 
 undi^if^To? ori:n^t*:rciaTjr„^7hrouSf::;\^„rr'"ar ••:" '*"• '"T'^i- -^••^"••••^ 
 
 ••■oci»tion, and the dinolor. tr^aMir^? - oth*L, .L ^^l " ^!"*'}^Z '"' »n<\,'r the ruin* of tn» 
 in manner directed bv thTr^U „fX II;;^^^^^^^ '''f"^ • "»'•" ^ deci.J-d by arbitr.t on 
 
 conclu,ive on all ,«rtie« withmit apil^ar^ ' "^ *'" ''•*'''"'"" •*" """^•' •*>•" »^' ^^^'^^'^d •nd 
 
 MJut•ioI'ihK1L°;y*';n^^^^7tte '• »« "^ »" •hareh.ldor in .noh 
 
 due by the a^iociation Kd the ."Sit o huXr«7r . .5^^^^^^ ''"^*. "' ''^'"''"'l 
 
 for .iy •ir^hattttXl'n^tt:'**''*'" '" '^""^ *"'' "'""«'- •"•" ^^ «"y -nt-. a„d 
 
 Amendment, Vict, tw, Chap. 41. 
 
 money by mortg.^ upon the r.al .„d penK,n.I pro^ty o^ the^^JLociatln " '""'" *" "'*• 
 
 thei!.f„e^;rc7nvrvedTh^%;";'„*J\t^^^^^^^^ """" the M^Kiation to the extant of 
 
 contained. .ccordinK t., the uue int«nt^f Tht ™„ " 'he part of the said awociation therein 
 
 Amkndmbnt, Vtcr. 00, Chap. 89. 
 ?Xte«TS*,';i^S'\': v'S tri"^^^^ --'*tion until the..„e 
 
 15. 
 
 mai-^r.ky in value of the nhareholderH in 
 dr.iy called for that purpose. 
 
 ' -^ To Wit: 7Michae70;o%e;;rh^BVbrcrrti?rtUw«'"d^^^^ 
 
 ; to the provision* of th« " A^T J^^''^ tn*» we degire to form a company or 
 :turin» AbS ion^ " "'*' ^'^ '" '"■"''"^« ^'" *»'« incorporation of ChLw 
 
 has been authorized bv a by.lawyaVs;dbv the -vot"e"8iCen"^ithe;7.r.^;".n^^^^^ 
 
 the associaton at a special meeting of the Leiiiktlon 
 
 NoBWicH Junction Ohkksr and Bhtter Manufacturing Co 
 
 and B«^'t:;M:a•Au^LTo:'^ "^*''^**^ °' ^^^ ^°^-°'' •^-««- Che^e 
 
 Obrtificatf. 
 Province of Ontario. I 
 ' -^ To Wit: ^- 
 
 aBiociation purisuant .« ,..„ pr.iviBi,in» oi 
 and Butter Manufacturing Associations." 
 
 Man^f.rcKg'trp';;^;/" tdX'ot '.; tlSi^:^'''^ ;^'""=""" ^^•-« -^ »"*»•' 
 
 purchase nnanufacturo and sale of cheese b"tt"«n'l Sk T.'.!*'"" '? *" ^ ^'rmed are the 
 unlimited, and the capital is to consist o» eh. rlV^» * ^'. x, "''*'. ""'"^r "f shares s to be 
 amount a. shall from time to ti^nXdet^VmhT^ bv t h^'r': ^''7 .f ""*" «•»''?• *" "^ ""^^h «'»•«' 
 of the trustees who shall manage TheaffTrs^ tlm i.Jii T "' the association . The number 
 •uch trustees are Henry H. Moofe. jlmes Cr Ada.n T ^fA?" " w ,^ '^'o*'' *"«* "'" "•'*'»«• »' 
 R. Stover, and the nau,es of the .;a3 where the mw,r»,.^*®V }u '"'*■"? ^*''^«""' ""'^ Michael 
 carried on are the township of Nor^rNorS'and the'^maZf N^^^^^^^ *'""''"" "" *" '^ 
 Dated Norwich, the .Srd day of September, 1892. 
 
 On the back of the certificate are two statenients, as follows : 
 
 W BiV";r%l^„^;'VtoL"/ wlS^s'tove?'«^d'M'''h^ l>erson»Ily ap,.ared HenryS. Moore, 
 individuals described in th',',^Zi cS^tK^ "• ^^"^?^t» ^^ known to be thi 
 
 certificate, and acknowledged thlfthV'I.Srh^^let? trp'SK°thU; So^ed."*'' 
 
 , ^ . T. Brown, 
 
 A.D. 1892. 
 
 Geo. W. Paitdllo, 
 
 Reffittrar. 
 
KULK8 AND KiMUTLATlONS. 
 
 Following ua thr RuIm and KaffuUtiona of » CIimm mkI Uuttvr ComiMkny t 
 
 Shahbholdiiw and Hhabu. 
 
 . ^- Th« otmiiMny iliall oooiUt of ahMtilioliiKM holding on»i or moi* iharMi of |26 <»ch, who 
 have enrolled their D»ine* in * book kept by the HooreUry of the oompAny ft)r the |>urpoi»>. 
 
 • >J'' '^^*' l**yinent of ihaiiM iihiill bo madn in iiioh niAnner and At itiu'h tiiiift aa th« dirtwtora 
 of the eoniijAny kIiaII from tiiii« Ui lini« direct, but in eAch cAse the diriKiora (hAll aive At leAAt 
 thirty dAyN notice in writing to .•Aoh holder of a «h»re or ahArea in the comiiAiiy, of atich » call 
 ii|H.n the atock. and not more tlian twenty ner cent, of llie value of the KutwcriliMi atock ahftll be 
 OAlled in At any one time, And not more than thirty |«r cent, ahall bo cAlled for within twelve 
 nixntha. 
 
 Iir, The direotorit ahall caII in at leAat ten |>er cent, of the aubaurilMxt capitAl atock of the 
 ooiniwny At or Ix-forrt tli « iMAt Jiatributioii of the prooeeda from the aale of priKlucU in each year 
 until All indebtraloeaa of the conipAuy which ia not providtsd for by niortgAKo or otherwiae ia 
 paid And BAtiatied. 
 
 IV. In default of jiAvnientM of a11 or bny audi gaIU uim)u itook t)ie d:r»ot<>ra ahAll proceed to 
 eiuorGe the iwyinent of the Haiiie bf An action of law, or they mAV in the exerciae of their iiowera 
 
 "n'j' ""»•■«• •nd Apiily the pmceeda of the aanie toward the payment of any UDpaid calla 
 or call due in reapect of aucli atock or iliarea, wd the nurpliu, if any remaina after the (layment 
 »»f auoh arreara and all ox|jenaea incurred by the director* <>f auch actiona, ahall be de|>«Mited in 
 aome cliArterod bank to the credit of the defaulting aharf holder, and all liability of the diiectoia 
 ahall thereby oeaae, 
 
 V- No aubacriber for atook ahall be acaepted aa a ahareholder or be entitled to hold atock in 
 the company until the lame haa been duly allotted t«i him by the boar J of directura, 
 
 VI. Stookholdcra may aell or tranaftr their aharea, but auch aale or trauafor muat be made 
 with the conaent and approval of the direotora of the com|>auy. 
 
 VII. The booka of the Secretary for the tranafer of atnck ahall be oloaed during 6fteen daya 
 preceding? each annual iiieetlng of tlie ahareholdera. The Seoretary abAll regiater all tranafera 
 of Ktock in the Iwoka of the company, or wh»>re furniahKl with duly exeeiite<l inatrumenU <if 
 tranafer aigned by both tranaferor and tranaferee. A fee of twentvttve oenta for each aharc trana 
 ferrod nhall be |>aid into the general funda of the company. S'o tranafer ahall be considereit 
 valid until it haa been made on the booka of the company. ' 
 
 VIII. Each ahareholder ahall be entitled to one vote for every aharo which he or ahe may 
 hold, and ahareholdera may vote by proxy duly ap|>ointed. No ]>eraon ahall be entitled to act 
 A* A proxy who ia not hinc-ielf or lieraelf a ••hareholder of the company. 
 
 IX. No ahareholder ahall be entitltnl to vote upon anv ahare or aharea on which any renular 
 inatalnient or call haa become due and remaina unpaid. No ahareholder ahall be entitled to vote 
 on any atock unJeaa the aame haa been regiatered in hia or her name in the atock book of the 
 company at leaat fifteen daya prior to auch general or annual meeting of the company. 
 
 X. No peraon ahall be entitled to lubacribe for or vote u)>9n more than ten aharea of the 
 company, either in hia or her own right or by proxy. 
 
 Okfickks. 
 
 XI. The ortioera of the company ahall conaiat of a Preaident, Vice-Preaident, Secretary and 
 Treaaurer and three Directors The directora ahall be elected at the annu.al general meeting of 
 the company and ahall hold office for one year and until their aucceaaora are elected. Sharc- 
 holdera only ahall be eligible aa directora in the company. 
 
 All ■?^^' T*"^ P'eaident, Vice-Preaident and Directora ahall conatitnte the board of directura. 
 All the membera ahall retire every year, and an election ahall take place at the annual general 
 meeting f.ir the appointment of their aucceafora, and all the membera of the retiring board of 
 directors, if otherwiae (pialified, ahall l>e eligible for reelection. 
 
 XIII. The Preaident and Vice President of the company ahall be elected at the annual 
 ireneral meeting of the company, or ahall be elected from the directora at the fir<«t meeting of 
 the board of directora which ia held after the annual general meeting of the ahareholdera. 
 
 POWKBS or DiKECTOFifl. 
 
 X[V . The preaence of four directora shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of busi 
 neaa at a meeting of the directora. The Precident, or, in hia abiience, any director who may bi 
 chosen by a majority of those present at such meeting, shAll preside, a nd decide a11 questions of 
 order aubject to an appeal to the board. 
 
 XV. If 
 
 then the boA 
 I'Atrona of tli 
 
 XVI. T 
 lie) 1 1 Iff line I 
 h<iM i'ith.-r o 
 
 XVII. 1 
 Vote in the ei 
 
 XVIII. 
 with any |ier 
 •hall have tin 
 csaea thry ah 
 
 XIX. Tl 
 
 to oltioera »f | 
 each iiif't'ting 
 the aharehold 
 
 XX. Th* 
 
 whioh aeema \ 
 the company, 
 pn)|(erty of tl 
 company. 
 
 XXI. Th 
 deaigned for tl 
 Secretary and 
 credit of the t 
 I'renidrnt and 
 Mai. 
 
 XXII. Tl 
 
 t'< whom may 
 executive imiw 
 standing comn 
 XXIIT T 
 till- account* ol 
 «hAreh')'derK 
 
 XXIV. I« 
 
 a'inuiil ((eneral 
 Ixiard of dirt>ct 
 
 XXVII.- 
 
 so aa to further 
 
 (2) Aa sMKin 
 
 Secretary of thi 
 
 any other condl 
 
 XXVIII. • 
 
 at such other pi 
 each year. 
 
 XXIX. No 
 t)'n daya previoi 
 notice to that e 
 oonipiny. 
 
 XXX. The 
 
 (l| Themes 
 Ci) The rea 
 (<) The rea 
 (4) Reports 
 l^) Reporta 
 (ri) Repona 
 
 • • l~"v ■ 
 
 (8) Unfinial 
 
 (9) Nominal 
 
 (10) Appoint 
 
 (11) New bu 
 
XV. 
 
 ^y's:ii.z:':x^'j^,i^^ 
 
 ho .>ift|| In. mImikaii »f the pr.Kluct of ih^ fMtory 
 
 p«tr<m« of th«i factory • imnH>n w 
 
 h.. M ..i^h -r o'lH..„ of wi;r»^Tr.*iu;:;'I:; ,:rth •"""'-•»• V.c. Fr..id.,nt or anyone L, 
 
 vote^„\l.l ;v:n^';r:a.«:vV: ^-S/ioi^'rrfrnM""*'*""" ""^ '- •"^"- '" ^-^ 
 
 c»»M they .b»l| b« .lirrctly r«..|.onMbl«. "•"•""'""*^ »'> ^''•' »>««"'' ' <lirector«, to whom ii. all 
 
 to«SoTl\:.t.:st:„V''«u'^dii:rL'"h.!rrr .*" '•T.T;"r •" "•••"-•-" -n>ua..r.ti,.n. 
 
 f«.h wvHm which tVev .ttJn^ ?.n71. u '' '" r'".'"'.'" «" "-cf-iv^ nior.. than for 
 
 th. .han.hol!j«T.. ^ •**""*• '"''"*' ^*'« "•"'« '•" •"ll'"r'««J •t the annual general meeting of 
 
 whi.^i;I'';,1fcVil?ent^';::i^C^^ imrrn.. of the comp.ny in any .ran. er 
 
 the com|«ny. »„rl thiT/i;. ';;/,;, r/jjj 7^;, ^^^.l^^^^^^^^ ""t- "' ,"»»•" ol.liV»lion M.all bind 
 
 pro|*rty of the con.»ny in rdeT t^ «^. »' 1. ' """»K'g<' <>r i.^ge th« r-al and i^r.o„al 
 ».mVany. "^ '^ " """ **» *^"" ""y ■"«« '"• •«""» borrowed for the |.iirrJe of th« 
 
 pr.id.nt and .Jni;'r;i»'L;"th^H;;;:ur; •:nn;:L^ur;.£t\rhii; xi^h: 
 
 a..n«Y«i;;;r;rm"ti';ir.rf \i^^c^^Vu;Th:y mrii7.i^^ Wrd of Jlrector- between th. 
 biardof directom. «."«npauy they may be tilled Jy r|iiahfi«-d tharehulderi by the 
 
 DcTiiw or Salkhman. 
 
 », ..ih„ ,».d.tio„ ., ..,„„, !. u.' .r«Mjtio'2 JUS Kr;?" v°.'j;;r;.tt.ltl;r ™,.'' " 
 
 Annual Meetinoh. 
 »t ...'i^hWif"' J''« ."»"'"•' niwting of the Hhareh<.ld.'rH Hhall be imld at «. 
 
 elch year" "'"* '" "'" "'"°"y " »*"> '*'"^»"" ""y determi.Ie on the! i ! ! ! ' ! ^ 
 
 XXX. The rule* of order for the annual general meeting shall be : 
 
 (1) The meeting called to order by the IVebident or acting President. 
 
 (2) The reading and diaposal of the minutes of the laat meeting. 
 (S) The reading and dinpoaal of communioations. 
 
 Ill SZrtnl ?*"1"'' '=""?"''"•'« •PP"'"**^ by the general meeting of the shareholder.. 
 
 («) Reporv8 of ofhcers, including the report of the salesman. 
 
 ... .».2»..t,..f riu'-ixturs. 
 
 (B) Unfinished business. 
 
 (9) Nominations and election of officers for the ensuing year. 
 
 (10) Appointment of one Auditor. 
 
 (11) New busineM. 
 
 !fl;ip 
 
10 
 
 Spkoial Mkbtings. 
 
 *i, ^^?'" Special n.eetinpt of the ahareholdera may be called by the Preaident or any four of 
 ttte diwctor* or on the requwition in writing of ten shareholderBlof the company who maV hold 
 -^Kl?- ® ^^^ (subscribed) of the company, and in everv roch call or rcquinition for a 
 ?^ii r *i'''^ * statement shall be made of the deHnite purpose for which such special meeting 
 18 called, and no other business shall be transacted at such special meeting than shall be men 
 tioned in the notice or notices which have been given calling the same. 
 
 XXXII. At least ten days' notice of every special meeting shall be given by advertisinir 
 ^mriff!^?** ^S^'^T' ""^mating m the neighborhood, and also bv mailing a notice to the 
 same effect to the address of each shareholder as last registered in the ofhoe of the company. 
 
 « .tJi^4^^^^' ^^^ "Iteration in the by-laws of the company shall be made only by a two-third 
 vote at the annual general meeting of the shareholders. 
 
 .v^r^^wiyiA""?''."* the bylaws shall be at all reasonable hour* open for inspection bv 
 Bhareholdera at the factory where the business of the company is carried on. 
 
 «nf,-^?K?J^f"J'7J'" any cause the annual general meeting shall not be held, or due and legal 
 SeM?*f ™^in^ .*f h °V^ PT5°' *^^? '* '.^"i' ^ ^^^ '^'"y «* *»»« directors to cause a special 
 P.f^ fhi h. * ^ °V?u '''"^"'t'olders to \>e called as soon as may be, for the purpose of transact- 
 J.r£„i!{f ««h'l°'*"**""""'** fgneral meeting, and all matters may be dealt with and acted 
 ^pmy. "««*"'« *«" "> effect the annual general meeting of the shareholders of the 
 
 Dated, , 189 
 
 DtJTlES OF A SkCRRTART OP A ChKKSB OR BOTTKR ASSOCIATION. 
 
 m-fV-P^f^r^'u'?^**'*'' keep an accurate record of the minutes of the annual meetings, special 
 meetings of shareholders, and of meetings of the Board of Directors. 
 
 a. He shall keep an accurate account of all financial transactions of the company, 
 ahar^ S\hS TOrn^^ * '*'"'^ ^°°^ ^" ^^^ ^'°^' recording of the ownership and tramfers of 
 
 ».»■ f ■ J?" !^u" "".^S' a° accurate statement to each of the patrons of the company of his or 
 her account therewith from time to tin s. f ^- uii,mu, um or 
 
 «,«H.,?.Vi'*i' P/eP»"* an annual st&tement of the btsiness of the company, for the annual 
 S fWinf.'^'^M ^"' each patron.. He shall also send an account of the affair^ of the company 
 to the Ontario Bureau of Industries at Toronto. ' 
 
 DUTIKS OF TrBASCHER. ' 
 
 ♦ - ^ '^^% Treasurer shall deposit all moneys received by him in some reliable bank, as 
 treasurer of the company. ' 
 
 •^^U ?®.t'"'o P*y *'^^ **™e always., and only, on the order of the President, duly counter- 
 8'gnea by the Secretary. ' 
 
 3. He shall present voucher* for all expenditure! to the Auditors and shall present a state- 
 ment of receipts and expenditures of the company to the annual general meeting of the share 
 
 Hmrs TO Patrons. 
 
 1. Keep none but the beet cowe (pure-bred if possible), such cows 
 as will give at least 6,000 pounds of milk in a vear, or produce 225 pounds of 
 butter-lat. To secure such, select the best grade cows in the herd rod breed 
 them lo pure-bred males of a milking breed. Rear the heifer calves, giving them 
 special feeding and training for the dairy. Breed these heifers to drop their 
 hrst calf at about twc-and a-half years old. Manage the herd in such a way 
 that at least half the cows drop their calves between October Ist and February 
 lat, for the winter dairy. 
 
 2, Provide a succession of green crops daring the summer, partially or 
 wholly to supplement pastures. Rye sown in the autumn makes an early green 
 Cfop. The clovers follow, after which peas and oats or tares and oats, sown two 
 or three times at intervals of ten days. Corn comes next, and is most valuable 
 m the dairy for fall and winter feeding. This crop should never be sown 
 thickly, bat in rows or hills about three feet apart, that it may be thoroughly 
 
 oaltivate( 
 when but 
 access to 
 
 3. S< 
 quality; i 
 to the poc 
 
 4. 01 
 the milk 
 strainer si 
 eries shou 
 aerators ii 
 eun, and si 
 
 /) It 
 returned U. 
 return. B 
 
 6. Wl 
 cans in ice 
 twelve hou 
 changed at 
 sweet by k 
 more good 
 in winter. 
 
 for Milk at 
 CleanlL 
 
 For Cheese i 
 Cleanlii 
 or in the sto 
 facturers to i 
 proper meth( 
 
 For all conce 
 We are 1 
 
 H 
 
 In select 
 be easily draii 
 supplied with 
 
 For detai 
 the best now i 
 put in first-oil 
 purposes inten 
 in winter. 
 
 used, nail roug 
 and either mat 
 should be nea 
 doors aad corni 
 
11 
 
 .. «.e poo. „„t. .ki„.„n2 .•;^'-.r&r«.'?;:!^-p^:^.<" '- ""'-^ 
 
 etmner should not bo allotr^d Mill?.!: v . "" """^ through a mod 
 eri« diould bo«r.t^ V^triardip^to^rb^t?""'"^ «P».iro,C 
 aerator, in Iho market. The oan of m^^*'.? fj u'' "" "' °°« »' 'be manv 
 ..n, and should „„, be ex^'^rb^J Zl"^^ ^T"^"^ ''^ """ "^ 
 
 ..t,rSedVthe°^Ln^S.t*ti:et?i:*^ '^ZTI '^'t'^' ^'- " " 
 return. Hog. should not be M^l^,., S "Jhl^^sTd:*""" "■ "■ 
 
 -.i.i^,Tt:Tiu■^''^SL^J|^ooTSitlriL^r^^^^ ^ »' --"p 
 
 twelve houra. If ice ia nnt J-Ij li! ® ™"" *^ ^^ degrees in lean than 
 
 chang^ at least t^'e with a tTo'hot I^r^tr^^^ '^' cans sSfS 
 sweet by keeping it in cold water S Jh^lf" °«„ ^"" *^ ^«'P »»»« °ream 
 more good cows are kept, it ^H nai te „«l J"^^,*; °*"' ^°'' ^''- ^^^^'e ^n or 
 »n winter. *^ ' ^"' P*^ *° '^'^ * ««»»» cream separator, especially 
 
 ^or Milk and Oream Haulers : ^ ' 
 
 Cleanlmess, despatch, carefulneas. honesty and punctuality. ' 
 
 for Cheese Factoriei and Creameries : 
 
 or in^Kirroi'::;^^^^^ 0^ fi-t qaality on the shelve, 
 
 facturers to send a small pTmMet^nc^^^^^^ ^' '^'l' P*7 manu- 
 
 proper methods of caring for milk or cream^ *' P*''°°' ''"^'^« ^°''»» *»>» 
 
 /'or all concerned ; 
 
 We .re bound to pr«l„c, the bertgoods n>,de in any (actory in the Province. 
 Hi»Ts OK B„,tD,Ko Ca.M. F*c,„B„s *™ Cbi.am«b.ib. 
 
 be -s/ls;a:;^h"sSi:r;:.?strr t^'it*" '"3 '°°""^ = "■" «-" -^ 
 
 supplied with pure, cold witei. * ° " ' '"'' ""' ">" " "bunduiUr 
 
 .be iA'nt?ii\rin^r ?L;rcrt :sii *"? '•°'»™ ""* - »--« 
 
 P"l m fi„,.cl„, maohinerj^^ in an, LT ""^ •" r*" ' K""" •'"Mi-g "d 
 P^rp^^iutende, and oJ .J''^S'CZZ^:,^^t2Z^^±:: 
 
 ''^f^i^^lhlu^l^'^ZS^^t'i^''''-!'-'- " "<>«■. If wood i. 
 •nd either matched or drS l„mL j etoddmg, then put on buildinir paner 
 
 55»"W be neatl, p^'n^^t^^ l^Jrcdo'r ^tlfd'^k"" T"^'' ^''^^' 
 floora and cornice. * ' ''"" * darker co% around windows, 
 
 I 
 
12 
 
 The flooM of the make-roomB ahould slope to gutters for convenience in 
 cleaning. The floor of the caring-room ia cheese factories should be double, hav- 
 ing building paper between the rough lumber laid on the joists and matched 
 lumber for the floor proper. The storeroom floor of creameries may be an ordin- 
 ary floor, hard earth, or domestic cement. 
 
 Common Faults in Orbamebies and Cheese Factories. 
 
 1. Bad foundations, which do not properly support the buildings, especially 
 in the centre. Stone or concrete foundations are the best. There should be a 
 centre cross- wall to prevent sagging. 
 
 2. Insufficient control of temperature. The use of building paper and " dead 
 air " spaces in the walls assists very much in gaining control of heat and cold. 
 Steam heat, a furnace or a good stove (coal preferred) should be a part of the 
 equipment in every factory. In the cheese curing-room especially, a proper tem- 
 perature is needed. 
 
 3. Imperfect ventilation. In addition to plenty of windows, which should 
 be opened at night and closed in day time during hot weather, there is need of 
 proper ventilators from both the top and bottom of the room. 
 
 4. Bad floors. Norway pine lumber is the best kind of wood for floors. 
 The joints should be put together with white lead and the floor coated twice with 
 hot linseed dil before it is uted. 
 
 6. Defective drainage. This causes offensive smells in and around the fac- 
 tory. The system adopted at the Black Greek factory appears to be a good one. 
 (See description of this factory.) 
 
 6. Tfie lack of tidiness, neatness and o^der apparent in and about most of 
 our creameries and cheese factories. 
 
 Chanoing Cheese Factories into Winter Creameries. 
 
 Instead of closing the cheese factory as soon as cold weather commences, 
 butter-making apparatus should be placed in the factory wherever possible and 
 the winter milk made into creamery butter. In localitiss where there are a 
 number of small factories, separators only may be placed in several, and the 
 cream be sent to a central point for churning. This plan saves expense in haul- 
 ing the milk long distances. The cost of utensils required for changing a cheese 
 factory into a winter creamery is from $600 to $1,000. One separator will 
 handle from 6,000 to 8,000 pounds of milk every other day. If over 8,000 
 pounds of milk are received daily, or every other day, two separators will be 
 required, so that patrons may not have to wait too long for their skim-milk. 
 
 In case the l^oiler and engine of the factory are not large enough and the 
 building is not warm enough, additional outlay is necessary before a change can 
 be made. Where the business will warrant it, a separate butter-making build- 
 ing will give best satisfaction. 
 
 The following rtatements give the approximate cost of equipment. From 
 $60 to $76 more may De allowed for extras. 
 
 Be 
 
 Tn 
 Or 
 Oe 
 On 
 On 
 On 
 Mi 
 Tm 
 Cu 
 On 
 On 
 St( 
 
 Outfit v 
 Bo 
 On 
 Tw 
 On 
 On 
 On< 
 On< 
 On 
 Om 
 
 Bui 
 
 On( 
 Shi 
 Oni 
 
 Obbai 
 On* 
 Tw( 
 One 
 One 
 One 
 Ten 
 One 
 Fivi 
 Pail 
 Sha 
 Sun 
 One 
 
 OOTFIT OF C 
 
 Boil 
 Tw( 
 One 
 One 
 One 
 Ten 
 One 
 Five 
 Pail 
 Shal 
 One 
 One 
 One 
 Two 
 Onn 
 
 One 
 One 
 Two 
 One 
 
 OUK 
 
18 
 
 uenoe m 
 
 able, hav- 
 
 matched 
 
 an ordin- 
 
 eapeoially 
 )uld be a 
 
 nd " dead 
 
 and cold. 
 
 irt of the 
 
 roper tem- 
 
 ch shoald 
 is need of 
 
 for floors. 
 ;wice with 
 
 d the fac- 
 , good one. 
 
 it most of 
 
 ommences, 
 >8sible and 
 there are a 
 1, and the 
 ise in haul- 
 ig a cheese 
 larator will 
 over 8,000 
 jrs will be 
 L-milk. 
 
 ;h and the 
 change can 
 iking build- 
 
 nt. From 
 
 Cbebsi Faotoby Odtfit for 600 Cows. Exclubivb of BraniKos 
 
 Boiler, 10 to 12 h.p •,,„ ^ 
 
 Two 600-g»llon vate 'I?? 22 
 
 One 12hoop Frawr gapg prew !."!!.*!"."; r? Sx 
 
 One 6-gang upright press 'X Sx 
 
 One 14- foot curd Binlc . ^00 
 
 OneSOO-lb.Boale, double beam!!!!!! H9 92 
 
 One 60-gallon weiRh can 20 00 
 
 Milk conductor, head and pipe ! ! 5 22 
 
 Two curd knives "[ ^ "" 
 
 Curd scoop, dipper, pails and thermometer !!!!!!!!! ? 22 
 
 One 24-bottle Babcook tester * 22 
 
 One curd mill ik 
 
 Steam pipe, shafting, pulleys,' hangerV.'etcV, about !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 55 Jo 
 
 ^» „ 8532 50 
 
 Outfit FOR a Creamebv on the Separator Plan for 500 Cows. Exclusive of Buildings 
 
 BoiW and engine •ofitnn 
 
 One separator ' " ' *^" ^ 
 
 Two .SOOgallon cream vkts!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!; 350 00 
 
 One 400-gBllon recpiving vat k2 22 
 
 One 400Rallon churn and butter worker!!!!!!!! 1^2 22 
 
 One 80C-lb. scale, double beam \22 22 
 
 One 50-gallon weigh can ! ■^'22 
 
 One conductor, head and pipe „ 22 
 
 One 24-bottle Babcock tester .. . ,2^ 
 
 Dippers, jiails and thermometers, say. . ! ^ 22 
 
 Butter ladles and packer ^22 
 
 One tempering vat or heater , * 22 
 
 Shafting, belts and pulley, say i° 22 
 
 One 240-lb. scale ............. ^^ ^ 
 
 8 00 
 
 Cream Gatherino Outfit for a Creamery of 500 Cows. Exclusive of BmniNos 
 
 One b-^iler and engine •„„ il 
 
 Two SOO-gallon cream vats '^^S 00 
 
 «°® ^T*^''"' °'">"> »«»«1 butter worker. . !." .*.'!.■.*.' ,22 22 
 
 One 800-lb. RcalH, double beam ^2222 
 
 One 240-Bcale -butter.... 20 00 
 
 Ten Curtis refrigerator carrying cans !!!!!!!! in^ 22 
 
 One No. 2 oil test churn, Curtis •• ^2222 
 
 Five driver's cases to 
 
 Pailx, ladles, packers, etc, say . . ! ! » 22 
 
 ShafMng, pulley, belts, etc '. -° 22 
 
 Sundries wi 00 
 
 One 50-gallon weigh can .!!!!!!.'!!!! !.*.* 2 29 
 
 8748 00 
 Outfit of Combined Cheese and Bitter Factory on Crram Gathering Plan 
 o ., ^ Exclusive of Buildingh. 
 
 Boiler and engine -„-^ 
 
 Two SOO-gallon cream vats......"! '^2222 
 
 One 400-gallon churn and butter worker ...!!"!!! ,^2 22 
 
 One 800-lb. scale, duuble beam ^22 22 
 
 One 240-lb. scale, butter !!! 20 00 
 
 Ten Curtis refrigerator carrying cans . . . ! ! iaA 22 
 
 OneNo. 2 Curtfs oil test churn ...!!!!!! ! ^2222 
 
 Five driver's cases . 10 
 
 Pails, ladles, packers, etc., say! !!..!! ^? 22 
 
 Shafting, pulleys, belts, etc., say !!!"."!! k2 22 
 
 One 50-gallon weigh can .....: ^2 22 
 
 One conductor, head and pipe 5 22 
 
 One 21-bottle Baboock tester ,* 52 
 
 Two 600-gallon cheese vats !.!!!!!!!!! 1 12 22 
 
 *"0R 500 Cows 
 
 One 6gang upright press. 
 One 14-foot curd sink 
 
 75 00 
 60 00 
 
 Two curd knives, perpendicular and horizontal "!!!!'!!! ^22 
 
 One curd mill 
 
 Curd scoops, pails, etc 
 
 9 00 
 
 15 00 
 
 600 
 
 91.048 60 
 
14 
 
 OurriT FOR Ohbisk Faotort and Grramirt Oombinbd, with Sbpabatob, roB 600 Cows, 
 
 EXCLUSIVB or Bl'ILDINOS. 
 
 Boiler and engine $900 00 
 
 One sepkntor 400 00 
 
 One 400-Kallon receiving vkt 50 CO 
 
 Two 800-gaIlon cream vati 100 00 
 
 One 400-gaUon chum and worker. 100 CO 
 
 One 800-Tb. scale 20 00 
 
 One 60-gallon weigh can 8 00 
 
 One conductor, head and pipe 8 AO 
 
 One 24-bottle Babcook tester 18 00 
 
 Dippers, mops, thermometers, etc., say 6 00 
 
 Butter ladles, pails and packers 5 00 
 
 Oni tempering vat or heater 15 OO 
 
 Two >00-gallon cheese vats 110 00 
 
 One Fraser gang press 75 00 
 
 Six upright gang jjresses 50 > 
 
 One 14-ioot curd smk 20 00 
 
 Two curd knives 9 00 
 
 Curd scoop, pals, etc., say 5 00 
 
 Curd mill 16 00 
 
 Shafting and pulley*, eay 75 00 
 
 One 240-lb. butter scale 8 00 
 
 11,891 60 
 
 PLANS OF CHEESE FACTORIES AND CREAMERIES. 
 
 Throvgh the kindneEs of the OTrners we are enabled to prcEont in the follow- 
 ing psgcB the plane of Ee\eTBl proiLintnt cheeee factories and creameries. 
 
 Cost op Constbuctikg Buildings. 
 
 The contract price for building ihe Norwich Junction cheese and butter 
 factory was ^4,095. A factory similar to the Strathallan che(se factory can be 
 erected for from $3,0C0 to $3,700, accordirg to material used. Buildings for a 
 creamery on the Ayton plan would cost about $1,600. 
 
 Atton Crbameby, Owned by Mr A. Wbkoer, op Ayton. 
 
 The front or ncrth side is on level with ground. The south end is possibly 
 six feet urder ground, which gradually slopes to the front Oream vats are raised 
 on trestle-work, about four feet from the floor, so that the cream flows into the 
 churns. The store-rooms are cooled with cold water. There is a large pan made 
 of galvanized iron which should cover the whole size of the storage-room. This 
 pan is twelve inches deep and the bottom bends down between the joists. Under 
 the apexes of the pan are small wooden troughs which carry away the drip into 
 a trough leadirg into the gutter. Three pip"" (half-inch) run from the main pipe 
 and empty into the pan. When the pan becomes full the water passes out in 
 an overflow pipe into the gutter. This keeps the storage room at about 55" to 
 66^ during summer. Occasionally it may rise to 58°. 
 
 Walls are of stone two feet thick. Ceilings plastered, except where cold 
 
 
 C1i.__ 
 
 age-rooms, cement floors. 
 
 Back of creamery there is a hill of considerable size. A spring rises out of 
 this hill, which supplies water to all points where it is wanted. 
 
 These 
 boiler and i 
 engine, cost 
 there are tl 
 pumping m 
 these 94,0( 
 
 Thefo 
 the maker, 
 held in Bra 
 
 At the 
 for several ; 
 or from lac 
 ada, and I ] 
 connected ^ 
 The creame 
 ately adjoin 
 then comes i 
 The milk is 
 opposite th( 
 building, an 
 of the crean 
 leading out 
 where the n 
 free from die 
 
 The cei 
 walls are hoi 
 tar ; on the 
 the cement 
 the bricks, 
 well-lighted 
 
 The bo 
 
 ment to the 
 than an iron 
 per $100 pei 
 ceiling of tl 
 the hot wate 
 water to the 
 cold water t{ 
 to it there fo 
 hauler leaves 
 water keeps i 
 
 The wh( 
 is forced 10( 
 this large wh 
 waste water 
 pump logs pa 
 which it filtei 
 
15 
 
 Black Crkbk Oombinbd Ohemb Factory and Crbamery. 
 
 OwsKD BY Thos. Ballantynb & SoNs, Stratford. 
 
 These buildinga cost $7,700. The cheese making machinerv mcl.„1m» 
 boUer and enRine, cost $1.500 ; the butter-makinK machfneSr w thoJ* bo^- -i? 
 engine, cost |1.200-total cost of building and machinery «T()ToOTniwJ^ 
 there are three hog pens, capable of holdfng 600 CT/'giVrJ wind .2?U for 
 
 Serif o"or'?'L*^rr '!'T..'°'' *»»««''«-« -^ bttter-ik'-vSul ; 
 
 tnese 154,000. The total value of the property is over $14,000. 
 
 The following is a description of the factory as aiven bv Mr Opo W Ro«. 
 
 Zl"Zi"i °* ?TJl ^l^'P'"^"*. '«>'• I believe this factory is tWnest n S 
 ada. and I have included in my paper a description of some of the apecUl features 
 connected with it. It is built and equipped for both butter and c W-makr/ 
 
 J^v'IS^"?"'^ V ''°°'" ^^ * ^^ \' *^" """^'^ ^'^d °f *»>« building aTd.Wd1: 
 ately adjoining the creamery on the north comes the vat room, wh ch is 3?x 52 • 
 
 then comes the press room to the north of the vat room, this r^m Sin« 35 x 30* 
 
 The milk IS Uken in at the two windows on the west side of the buifdin« and 
 
 opposite the vat room, of course. The boiler room is on the east side ?f the 
 
 building, and so situated that one door opens out of the vat room i^d another out 
 
 of the creamery into it ; and adjoining the boiler room on the south wUh a d^r 
 
 leading out of the creamery there is a very comfortable office, properly furnlhT 
 
 ftr^^tt^gTurt^^^^^^^^^ -"-^ - ''' '-^^y »>-^« - -SS 
 
 11 ^^^ filings we twelve feet high and are finished in black a«h oiled the 
 
 7.^0?.^°".''"^ ''*"" *•""•* °' ''^ ^'''^ *"^ fi^»»»^<J outside wUhldmcr 
 tar , on the mside there is a wainscotting of cement four feet high, and aS>ve 
 the cement white plaster, both the cement and piaster being put dir "tly on lo 
 
 The boiler room has a brick smokestack forty feet hicb which » an «,«o 
 ment to the building, besides being a good investment ; it wfil l^I^so much lon^ 
 ^^L"*"* sn'okestack. and the insurance is thereby reduced twenty five cents 
 Fr $100 per annum. Both the cold and hot water tanks are elevated atove the 
 
 ^A i^^^^t' ''°?".' '^^ '""^^ ^^*«' '*°'^ ^i°« ^igl^ enough to empjy into 
 the hot wat^r tank, and pipes connect with both of them to convey hot or J^ld 
 water to the parts of the building where wanted. A pipe also leads fromThe 
 S ?t The^' fo'r'th^ '"' south end of the creamery, and a ^iL Xe t ^Z^Ji 
 to It there for the purpose of putting cold water into the cans before the milk- 
 hauler leaves the factory ; and nothing is more appreciated by the patrons The 
 water keeps the milk from sticking to the cans and makes them easy to wwh 
 
 is fori's ?oj%rds'roi:;s TJ^^iim^v^z ^^^'-^ ^ii^°^^* 
 
 this large whey tank there is a^ smSler^aikTinto^ rh?^^^^^^^^ 
 
 waste water of the factory run, and the same ejector forces it through thf same 
 
 which It fiUem to a neighbonng stream. By this means of disposing of the wash 
 
16 
 
 inga and wacte water, the factory and aarroundinga are fre? from the uaual smell 
 80 terribly offenaive that is uaually looked upon aa a neoeasary accompauimeut co 
 every cheeae factory. 
 
 The caring room ia aixty feet north of the making room, and ia placed that 
 diatance away for the parpoae of reducing the inaurance on thia building and 
 upon the cheese in it, the rate charged upon the curing room and upon the cheeatt 
 in it, being Heventy cents per SI 00 per annum, which is the ordinary atorehouee 
 rate, and, aa you will readily see, is a great saving from the rate uaually charged 
 upon cheese factories. 
 
 The walls of the curing room are built of brick, same as the making room ; 
 and the building is divided into two rooms. In each room there are two ice racks 
 auapended tibout lour feet from the ceiling into which we can put ice duriijg the 
 hot apell, and thereby prevent the temperature getting so high as to do any dam- 
 age to the cheese. Theae racka are supported on cross pieces fastened to the 
 upright posts, to which shelving is attached, and galvanized iron underneath the 
 racks conveys the drip from the melting ice to a gutter, which leads to a small 
 conductor pipe that conveys the water out of the room. 
 
 In cold weather heat is supplied from a hot-air furnace, which is much bet- 
 ter than an ordinary coal stove or wood stove ; it ia much easier regulated, is 
 more economical of fuel, and the circulation of air in the room is more perfect. 
 Ton will see that there are several new and special features about this factory 
 that ail go towards improvement and might be copied by others with benefit to 
 themselves. 
 
 CoHBiNBD Cheese Faotories and Creameries. 
 
 Owned by D. M. Macphbrson, M P.P., Lancaster. 
 
 In addition to the plans and descriptions furnished by Mr. Macpherson, the 
 well known dairyman from Eastern Ontario, he offers the following advice in 
 building and operating : 
 
 '* I consider it very important that batter and cheeae factoriea be so arranged 
 that each department may be carried on aa deaired — one day batter and the next 
 day cheese — without disturbing the work ot one or the other. I consider the 
 combined factory is the ideal factory to have in all large sections or centres, so 
 that they may be run the year round — winter and summer. I have now fifteen 
 of these factories in operation, and from three years' experience of them I 
 believe they are the best kind of factories to encouroge in Canada. With these, 
 the dairymen will have a more uniform price for their milk, and thus prevent 
 over-production of butter or cheese. They will tend to steady the market and 
 .make a steadier support to all such well conducted faotories." 
 
 Pleasant View Creamery, Owned by Mr. Jambs Struthers, Owen Sound. 
 
 The creamery is built of stone, with 18 inch walls. The front part is 
 26 X 36 and 14 foot ceiling, an I is divided as follows : Butter working room 
 12 X 26, partitioned off by a wall lathed anU plastered on both aides. A 
 space 12 X 26 is used for the charning room. The water wheel used for power 
 occupies a place in the centre of this pare. A ^xatform 12 x 26 feet and elevated 
 2 feet 8 inches above the main floor, is occupied by the cream vata. The exten- 
 sion to the rear of main building, 20 x 24 x U, ia partially under ground and is 
 used for store rooms. We are building in thia room an improv^ cold storage, 
 
 16x14x7 
 are flushed 
 withVjoini 
 • bright ap] 
 
 I wouh 
 good height, 
 it very difl5( 
 using warm 
 
 Weha\ 
 only very fe' 
 with ua. 
 
 \R^ 
 
 The floora 
 in 12 feet to tl 
 directly above 
 Md is carried i 
 boiler of eight J 
 position, where i 
 from the boiler, 
 boiler furnishes 
 "^oe pipes used i 
 »»ter instead, if 
 
 The oapacit 
 
 The cost of the 1 
 2 
 
17 
 
 it my diffloal. .„ keep th^1^i,f^S:"^Z"^J'"''»^Bf'-'dto^ni 
 Ming w.ra .nd Mridu.4 w.t.r for deutag '.*°etr "* '''**^'^ "■»" 
 
 with 08. «aougQ CO Stand the low temperature and stay 
 
 tUvaftJ wa^^eu track. 
 
 10 Hatjerm scutA cjcreameru^ 
 Jer waahine huMt etc. *' 
 
 Spfin^ creek 
 
 Pleasant Vir^ Creamery-Gbky Co 
 
 in ^^t^Tt^^T^tTtl^^^^^:^ ''^''■^' '^^^ '^ "^^ °' 2 inches 
 directly above the waste watL ril HJri *K ^'°k^ *" made in the floor 
 and is carried away with the w^ water ?ril ,T"*'*V°8 '^tf'. etc., escapes, 
 boilerofeighthorsepower is placed r^H/TK ^- '^^fl'. ^^ npright stee 
 position, where a barrel of water TconMvhnir ^^ * convenient 
 
 from the boUer, which furnishes SentvTw^v? *^ ? "'"*- °^ * J^* °* "^"^ 
 ^iler furnishes' steam for watin^i'^rim ol^-''...,*"**, ^?W-8 -^t«r. This 
 
 t?rte:rifrder-*^^'"^^ 
 
 ^e ?^ai£S^rel[:i^-|t^:-i^^ per day. 
 
 r- 
 
 f \i 
 
18 
 
 PLAN OF CREAMERY ON ORBAM GATHERING PRINCIPLE. 
 Capacity, 600 to 700 Cows. 
 
 A. Covered driveway. 
 
 B. Creftm platform raised 3 
 
 feet. 
 <3. Gbtmiing floor. 
 D. loe house. 
 v. Bngine and boiler room. 
 
 30' 
 
 1. Platform for delivery can. 
 
 2. Cream vats. 
 
 3. Chum. 
 
 4. Steps to platform. 
 
 6. Stepa to storeroom un- 
 
 derneatli. 
 6. Worker. 
 7 SaltUble. 
 
 8. Oil test chum. 
 
 9. Hot water. 
 10. Odd water. 
 
 11. Cold water tank elevated. 
 
 12. Engine. 
 
 13. Boiler. 
 
 14. Desk. 
 16. Gutter. 
 
 16. Line of shafting. 
 
 17. Drain from ice house, 
 Flocrs in B to slant one 
 
 inch to gutter, in to slant 
 two inches to gutter. 
 
B 
 
 &^ft 
 
 intermediate 
 
 16x16' 
 
 w 
 
 Milk 
 heating vat 
 
 Milk receiving vat 
 
 Raised platform 
 
 for weigh can and 
 
 scales 6'x8' 
 
 Grouni> Plan of a Skimming Station. 
 
 m 
 
 [19] 
 
t t. 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 nT 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 s5 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 S TltAP WHertt BUJTIPMUH IS TAKtH 
 UNOeffCROUND TO t>IO PCNi 
 
 1201 
 
'4> 
 
 M 
 
 i \ 
 
 tee House 
 
 10 X 13 Ft 
 
 Lamsdowne Creamery— Leeds Co, 
 
 Cost of building, $1,400 ; coat of machinery, $1,800 
 Capacity of creamery from 1.200 to 1,500 lbs. butter per day. 
 The wJJs of the building are built of brick win. i.,'- a««^ u x 
 roof 18 metal, thus reducing risk fror« Sre ^ between. 
 
 tZT'^^r"'. fr*^""""' BB-double doors. D-slide door. 
 The building 18 50 x 30 feet and one story high. 
 
 The 
 
 [21] 
 
iJO* 
 
 ;» 
 
 ."!! 
 
 Built in 
 ftnd cost com 
 eagiae, two St 
 ing, pulleys, 
 placing of mi 
 12,800. Oapi 
 
 [22] 
 

 The Tillby CKEiMERv— Leeds Co. 
 
 Built in 1896, about three miles from Lansdownp Tna k.„-u;« • < 
 ..d CO.. complex »1,040. The oct o. LZZZj.''^^^'Jl^^^SL'':^^ 
 
 oliiin. T™.!t' »M55. The piping, belting, water tanks, milk tanka 
 
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 Silver Corners' Cheese Factory— Perth Co. 
 . ^7^^^^^^^"^ " owned by James Morrison, E-ja Henfpvn Tho ™»i,„ 
 
 «e.m from the boiler. The oo.t of the., "^T™ $5^0 tL "ri'^ro^^t 
 
 iiri 
 
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iSo^ 
 
 IS 
 
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 Stcre rvvm 
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 Cheese Factory— Glengarry Co. 
 
 Owned by D. M. Maopheraon, Lancaster. 
 
 EuiWing 30 x 60 ft. For 500 cows. Two vats ; two presses (20 cheese) ; 
 jne boiler 36 x 96 in., sixty 2inch flues. Whey vats elevated over boiler room, 
 fiUfid 'rnm sunken tank and elevated by injector or rotary pump. Whey droits 
 into milk cans from two-inch pipe (iron galvanized) with two outlets. A large 
 elevated water tank is situated in the attic, above the lower water barrel. This 
 is filled by the same injector that fills the boiler. The drain has two opwungs 
 similar in size, so that the plug can be alternately used in each to let off wheyior 
 water. The cheese ranges have three tiers or shelves, and hold 400 cheese. 
 
 [32]