IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) V / O ,% ^i^.. V. Ua 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■^ Ilia 1.4 M 1.8 1.6 %'V^' mutugrdpnic Sciences Corporation \ €^ ►^^ XtXV OF WW. 'i^RESENT LiQUO r\ \\\ W MANCE. SECOND ilRTlCLE. Halifax : .Ias. \V. Doi.EY, PUINTKH. 1!SN9. 10 Ku;!:-, A. •'•;!•!• ' 4- D u^ 1 iiitntie H ■^ ^ OF THE -^RESENT IQUOR Lm, By p. mange. SECOND ARTICLE. Halifax : Jas. W. Doley, Printer, R COMMON SENSE YIEW OF THE PRESENT LIQUOR LAW. SECOND ARTICLE. " ,^f ^'^ ininarle our liquors we minRle our souls • Ihe sweet meets the sour, and the kind soothes the strons And nothing but friendship grows all the night long.'' ^' •— Otway. as Dp HE use of intoxicatiug drinks may be traced as ftir '];[ back as the remotest history of the human race yR carries us. The records of the woild show neither nations witliout religion nor any without the practical use of intoxicants Fermented and spiritious liquors are necessary to human beings. As is the soul, so is also the body— always needin^' nourishment. , ° We speak of laws of nature, as soon as we observe that certain events follow certain causes in regular sequence. It is a law of nature, that lightning occurs, that rain falls, that plants grow in spring; it is in compjiauce . ^yith natural laws th^f k; i , -rtaiu -a,„ns;tLat ho :l:'r°" "■°"' ''™>--|- at relied to connect l,fe i.'le" h"'""."'"^ "'•■"' '■" ''"■ ^P-ulnte .,«„, , „, :,- ^ J' ;/'-o'- being, to '^e t.lS'r;o::nr::r^"^-r '-'-,,, a,w. •■'■O". the juice of rico o of h?"' " "'""' •''"'"-' « "■^effectrose.nh, in,;,,., '"'''»' ^"" --'!-.■ drinic, .(lien.p.) '"'""""' "••■"''"'f'l'ei.l,.ut//„„,^ glmlt"" '"*"■'"" ■"'"'"»'° ■''^"' ''"''-ol.or, „n„ ■As the Prii-ci'o,-.^ Asiatic races tl>ey laid ;,,]!,! ^^l-^^ng other «I>eep-skin and thoir dilt if 'I,'' "'■'°'"^'' <='«""n3 of «-!'• They a,,opre 1 „ T"' ■^''^' '^'^'"r cooked ^i»ojecL8. A considerable por- iHciIes at '' I'ivers ; with the n is im- 'eiiig, to to h;ite ; ure that toxioat- le dato- lie and qtially ''i aud 'iiese. lilled link, uaiKj anrl ther ?of ked bod ?or- ftj/ tiou of their time and attention was devoted to good liv- ing and especial)}/ to drinking. A learned historian re- lates that at each of the regular daily dinners given by- Darius more liquor was consumed than our large cities use in a month. The following lines describe one of the suppers of King Candiysos : — The great banqueting-h'^ll was as bright as day — even brighter— from the light of thousands of candles whose rays were reflected in the gold plates forming the paneling of the walls. A table of interminable length stoo-i in the middle of the hall, overloaded with gold and silver cup.s, plates, dishes, bowls, jugs, goblets, ornaments and incense altars, and looked like a splendid scene from fairy-land. " The king will soon be here," called out the head steward of the table, one of the great court lords, to the king's cup bearer, who was a member of the royal family. "Are all the wine-jugs full? Has the wine been tested ? Are the goblets ranged in order ? And the skins sent by Polykrates, have they been emptied ? " " Yes," answer* . .he cup-bearer, " everthing is ready, and that Chian wine is better than anything I ever tasted -y indeed, in my opinion, even the Syrian is not to be compared to it. Only taste it." So saying, he took a graceful little golden goblet from the table in one hand, raised a wine-pitcher of the same costly metal with the other, swung the latter high into the air and poured the wino so cleverly into G the narrow neck of tlio little vesfcel tlmt not a drop was lost, thougli tlio liquid formed a wide curve in its descent. He tlirn pre.-,entod the goblet to the head steward with llie lips of his fingers, bowing gracefully as he did so. The latter sij)ped tlie delicious wine, testing its flavor with great deliberation, and said, on returning the cup : " I agree with you, it is indeed a noble wine, and tastes twice as well when presented with such inimitable grace. Strangers are quite right in saying tliat there are no cu|)-bearers like the Persians. Heie, you fellow ! draw tlie curtain bick," he crie^l to the door-keeper, "the guests iu*e coming. Look sliarp you dogs, and do your duty!'' And forward he went to meet the guests as they entered, and, assisted by other noble stalf-bearor.-^ (chamberlains and masters ol' the ceremon- ies), led them to their appointed places. When th(;y were all seated, a flourish of trumpets fiunounced that the king Avas neai. As ho entered the hall every one rose, and the multitude received him with a thundering shout of "Victory to the king!" again and again n.'peated. The wiy to his seat was marked by a purple Sardian carpet, only to be trodden by himself. The kiug hiuiself was more moderate than usual to- day, but he encouraged his guests to drink, enjoying their noisy merriment and overflowing mirth. The uproar and confusion rose with every fresh wine- cup. They forgot the dignity of the place where they li i-i Wol-e as.seuiblofl, nnd the p.> 3ence of thoir mighty rulor. They shouted in their dninken joy ; warriors ein- bracod one another with a tenderness only excited by wine, and here and there a novice was carried away in the arms of a pair of sturdy attendants, while an old hand at the work would seize a winejug instead of a goblet and drain it at a draught amid the cheers of the lookers-on. The king sat on at tlie head of the table, pale as death, staring into the wine-cup as if unconscious of what was going on around him. The thought of his proud, powerful position flaslied tlirough Iiim like lightning, fie woke from his dreams into new life, flung his golden goblet far into the hall, so that the wine flew round like rain, and cried : " Wo have had enough of this idle talk and useless noise. Let US hold a council of Avar, drunk as we are." ** That is what 1 wished to know," ecntinned Cam- byses. "To-morrow, when we are sober, wo will follow the old custom and reconsider what has been resolved on during our intoxication. Drink on, all of you, as long as the night lasts. To-murrow at the last crow of the sacred bird Parodar, I sliall eN]u!ct you to meet me for the €ha.se at the gate of the teni[>le of Bel." So saying the king left the hall, followed by a thun- dering " Victory to the king !" —— . ^ •,.«« The Jeivs were both cultivators of the vine and consumers of the wine, as commanded by their Javeh (Jehovah.) Shekar and Yayin (Ohios in the language 8 of the Greek) and Tiros], (ri ? ^ *-- chiefl, „3ed "t^i^r^ T' ^'''' ^'^ ^^- spirituous liquors In ,]i ''^^'^ I'eferring to that the Jews indulged 'fLow' V' "''^' '^'''^' ^^^^«nt -toxicating. as the^Ho.Z passr^^''^' "" "'^^^^ prove ;— "^ Passages from tlie Bible "And JS^oah drank of ih^ • drunken."_c;««,^ T. °' ""^ "'"^ 0-y-) and was "And Eli said unto Hannah- » , ^nd Manual, anst'd K "'"^, '^■'^^■'"^ ''-" ">-. --■.01... („e,i.e.. „.iue nor I:::; r,;f '"- >-3-" ^t came to pass in th '"uiv;. — 1 ^'^,„^ " Yayiu (wine) is a mocker sheki.. r , " Who hath woe? snvr>,.,9 Tl.ey that ta,.,.y ion, T '^ "^o^tious ) babbling, ^--^-win.^::::-^^::"t--"'^4o '" yayin iufla,no them. I'S iZ ?" ■"'""' xxviii. "P ot yayin."^l;iaia/i •■^% . ™ a..un.en, but „ot,v,U,ayi„ ,„,„„,.„,, 9 hsi5 are the 'Gfening to lite ovident ' was really I the Bil)Ie > and was wilt thou i'oni thee. f'ei" yayin 1 ^'cwi , i. lie yayin 3art died ^nnk) IS ibbling ? thu go orniuof, I uight, viol, sta."— TOUgli . they stagger, but not with shekar (strong di'iuk)." — Isaiah xxviv. " I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom yayin hath overcome," — Jeremiah xxiii. " Awake ye drunkards, and weep, and howl, all ye drinkers of yayin." — Joel i. *' In the day of our king, the princes had made him sick with bottles of yayin." — Husea vii. ** Others said those men are full of new wine (tirosh or gluekos). But Peter said : These men are not drunken, as you suppose.'' Ads ii. " Ho not drunk with oino (yayin ^= wine) wherein is excess." — Kpli. v. " A bishop must be blameless, not given to par-oinou (to excessive drinking), likewise the deacons." — Titus i, and 1 Timotliy iii. It was enjoined tliat this intoxicating drink should be paid by the faithful Jews as a regular contribution on the altar of their God. And evidenco is not lack- ing that the founrler of the Christian religon habitually used intoxicants and encouraged his followers in doing the same. Even in his last njomonts he consecrated wine. *• Thou shalt bestow money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for ijayin (wine), or for shekar (strong drinks), or for wliatsoever thy soul desireth and thou shalt eat there before tiie Lord, and thou shah rejoice, thou, and thine household." — Deuter, xiv 10 t{ alt ^ow tl lis ir ^'s that wlijcl erw Uvd •^'I'iiKr /j.i} I a (( (.sti offe In tlio I; o^y place shalt t] -yutn. ■»5'W"^-)tobopo„,.„;,;: 'rvrf ''''-'"'i niiir ■JVu «< '''• xxviii. nto the Lor.l for iiv'ai- '^Jl the best of (h •1 'I rink (tiroslj) I,avo r oil ^m.l all the b i( ^^^' tlii, shall bo tl K'ven thee."-_,V, ost of (h ^^m xviii. U'lnc tlie lirat of th "^^ Pnost's ,Juo f, 01 /Av^/'r 3'«orn,ofth^ tirosh(.vino) Will ^ ' / 'om the people u And '■• XVI li ;i'j '-- of tk. i M/i drill 1, '^"'"oof the I^. ";^ohu the bapti ' '"g oiuoii (yaji vites 'ottlo of w ) \vero ^"'J, ^ho took (y'\viu) and 'ifon, ix. «t came neith '4>pointed to oversee th '*;»• O'ltHig bread, nor «onofinau is com ftud driuj, ith '^'"oS ami yo say ; JJeJ^old ^o much so that even their slaves had all that they wanted of it. TIk^ Israeh'tes in the v-ikler- ne.ss sighed to he hack in Kgypt where they liad meat ami wine in jdenty. The Kgyittiiins hail also a very cxcellant beer, made from barley ami Ihivoured with various aromatic extracts. Tl fjom lesH artificiid wines were manul'actuied principally 'o"» i 'omegranates and dilferent herbs ami fruit.- 12 The wines in i 4. ^heboid a.d e,peci„li; »b , ! '"'"''"^^'' "> "h- Vines were sonietin.e,, kent I,,,' , •-"f es, which apparently ,]«,?' "".'^ S''^^' '" 'Lort ,!;^^7»d to spread th„ 1, ^ ';;™""™lv the, J,, ■> bowers or on a fran.ework of r"'" "■"'■""'' "'"'»'• fomed .hady alley, „;™'^,°' »-'«« "■>'! pole,, which S'-'^d. Scnctinfes,^: ',,^;"— " '"<" f-" the "'tached to »gar,lc,,, h ' : '■ "'■<"°*'"' ""ey^M wa, °-™"-»tal colu,™;, pa":! ^,'■°"^"'"'^■'■°-'»•■ '"PI';-rti«g rafters a, d o L. , ''"'^' «'''«'--^. :^"<> ''■''■»l' "'ea,,pc, j„p,„;^^p'-"'ly t.ellis.work, fro,,, J '« %yptians made win,. „(r ■ f "'eir gods, and .he , H^, ",„ 'T •"'"" ''"' ^"-- -;;-mva.,o,.s stages orti:;:;:/'"'"- »*• "-■'• An iWerestiDg circum,,! ^''*""''"'- f-kiBg babits'of :,~ :;" --«-u With th« •"-gs the™ i„ .. wl; ,^^''"?'' ""O »'"ch 13 5e Jnacle a{ ced in tlie '^^ iu shoit ^3 the sup- tliey \vere iJ«d either 'Jea, MrJiich ffoni the ejard wa.s >y I'ows of 'oj'-*, and ^'■^^'; from '»e altars ' gPUeral ^^« (such liptured >t' their porting th the wJjicJi 'ay, i» •petite fm\ for liquors by having at their feasts dishes of chopped (probably pickled) cabbage placed ou their tables, from which the guests partook from time to time, in order that they might the more heartily enjoy the liquors offered to them by their hosts. A record gives us the details of a supper at the palace of King Amasis : — It was the king's intention to make an especial dis- play of the wealth and splendor of his court, at a festi- val arranged in honor of his daughter's betrothal. Tlie lofty reception-hall opening to the gardens, with its ceiling sown with thousands of golden stars and suppoited by gayly painted columns, presented a magic appearance. Lamps of colored papyrus hung against the walls and threw a strange light on the scene, some- thing like that when the sun's rays strike thorough col- ored glass. The space between the columns and the walls was filled with choice plants— palms, oleanders, pomegranates, oranges and roses— behind which an in- visible band of harp and flute-players was stationed, who received the guests with strains of monotonous, solemn music. The floor of this hall was paved in black and white, and in the middle stood elegant tables covered with dishes of all kinds— cold roast meats, sweets, well- arranged baskets of fruit and cake, golden jugs of wine, glass drinking-cups and artistic flower-vases. A multitude of richly dressed slaves, under direction of the high steward, busied themselves in handing thcso 14 dishes to the rruo^f i ''Otli sexes aud qii , ° ^"^'^^ «oseg;m from fh. ^ icceived I-»iial service of ilkij",,t, '"""' ""'''' '" "'« ;"b- o/le„d to her ho lov J I , °'"""' "•'"■'^'' !■» not «".;-- i„ „,„,. ,,„, „ '^ ' ;";'o -uses „„, ,„„, '•^"J- Tho.e „.ere loa. ' it :'" "' """' ''«'-'to S" " or silver Un.U .or ^ ^^''""f ^""""'». -I ">;»-r,sts aud ,,„,,,,^_ " "tovo t),e ell.o,v, „„ j ,,j il'oir roljos ,ver„ I„a,„,-f , *'.'f-t,,o°e:;::;,i;~'ltodi,,p,a/,,e,, petticoat wa. ti,e only c " 1,;° "'; '"''^''- ^ thi„ Pl'iyed on h.irn 7 "exible limbs to a m. . "PLoared ,:,,,,J,.„ "^o 'td"r",r ^"""' "'" "»' " «"--"ot,t of tl,e oo„Cy T,""' f"^ "'" '"■"'«'• y- At leufftl, sona. o/' il,o arouDd or '^^ in this I'cceivod 3sts in the h of hjo-h ch he not ' JieJd up '«" with 'J lotus ^tilicato •S aud ■fiKl at iiiauy tllGll' thiji u-Ijo iiico tlior iho 15 couvtiers forsook tlio hall, tlieir grave demeanor being somewhat oveicouie by iiitoKicatiou. The women were carried liomo in gay Utters by slaves with torches: and uiily the highest military commanders tbo ambassadors and a few olticials, esp.ijial frieuds of Amisis, remained behind. These were retained by the master of the ceremonies, and conducted to a richly ornamented saloon, where a gigantic wine bowl, standing on a table adorned in the (Jreek fasliion, invited t€ a drinking bout. Amasis, who was seated on a liigh arm-chair at the head of the tablo, indulged in jest ane goblet /^ 7". -« ""''"( Lesbos aurf p;."' '^^'""■■'■t'. vL.r, Vesicles /ij(3 . ^ P'^i'ts of ^'•^cfans had i;''^''''' P''oduced fr^rn '="«;^t"?''4"":-r '■■*■.- •^ ai^d dark realm le 17 ,'"'^^ a ion, «"P-bearer, Jet rr * S^^> such as '« of Sikyon ^^ yellow or 'tl, even at ^® parts of '' t^e o],I 'tes, corn, '■ and th(3 'ed to be 8 his age enjoy. 'Sfer of age to Wine ', the •eaini CJreek lyric poetry abounds with exhortations to drink and enjoy the fleeting hour : '• Thirsty earth drinks up the rain, 'Trees i'n>m earth drink that asfain, Ocean drinks the air, the sun Drinks the sea, and him the moon, Any reason canst thou think I should thirst while all these drink? Drink, enjoy the hour: what the morrow bringeth IS one can tell Life is but a moment ; then make that moment fair ; Surley thon hast inilhing but that which thou enjoycFt; Unly while enjoyiuij canst thou say ; " Tis Mine." IJe who joy has never found In the flute's entrancing sound, Bacchus' gifts who dares despise, ficjogand laugh and maiden's eye,. 11 im I count already dead. Now with roses we arc crowned. Let our mirth and cups go round, While a girl, whose hand a spear Wound witli ivy twined doth bear. While her white feet beat the ground. To the lyre's harmonious sound, Played by some fair boy, whose choice Skill is heightened by his voice : Bright haired love, with his devine Slothcr, and the god of wine Will flock hither, glad to see Old men of their company. At every entertainment in which drinking formed a prominent feature, an Archon was chosen. An important part of his duty consisted indeteiminiug the 18 i'l'oj'Oitiou of ,vi„e / ^W like.) f„ T " ■''■""'-■• ""'« ^"■-'^e.f el':: '"'■""'•'■ ''"-^'^ '^- • t r ■^- "- '"■='"' » "Ps an,J ,J,,,iuo,, „, ' ' '<" the niixin,, ,,ou.l g'li-Iands nn I ^ »""■'*«■'' "-ore v,-„ '""^""""on, " They "'' ^^'^"^^^«- -^ '''" ^'^ ''"'I ^l<=ibm,!es WIS I,! ,""' '" "'" door, and H P'-'^er aud oue of h f^r'^^' -PPorte,:! Hy , , , Jio (lid »1 ,,»'"* "'« banquet,, to hi, V- ''°<'°*~"te '■' ^f the cup, Qcl pronr,e,,3 ^^ '^^^ V'ith t;vo ' «> its hfgln, ^^■^^'^G of the ""common, ^cn. Wit/,' ni.sh forti, ''t stood at 5 ^'ie (jufot boLsterou.s ^'li ^mmp! ^^■^d thp ^'^te, and i^P and 'oice of fliite- 'corate This ced a 19 wreath on the satyr-head of his wise aud 'ovcd friend. Observing thai all the guests were sober, he constituted liimself Syniy^osiavon, an-1 seizing a mighty bowl of wine, drank it olV. Tlieu he ordered it to be filled for Socrates, saying that he could gain no glory over the latter, whom no quantity of wine could intoxicate. Thus began the carousal. And a new crowd of tipsy revel- lers burst in, who filled the hall with clamor. All order was now at an end ; the drinking went on in wild confusion, some departed, while others sank into drunken sleep. When tlie cock began to crow, and the pale light of dawn strcauied into tin,' room, there sat only Socrates with the iioets Agathon and Aristophanes, whom he was trying to convince that a genuine tragic ])oet must be a comic poet also. Wearied out they both yielded the point and fell asleep. Then at last, as it was now bioad day, Soerat(;s arose and with cool head and steady gait,, went to the lyceum, bathed, and spent the day there as was his custom." The following graphic description of a Grecian's supper will interest the reader : — The doors of the supper-ruom now flew open. Two lovely, fair-haired boys, holding myi'tle wreaths, stood on each side of the entrance, and in the middle of the room was a large, low, brilliantly polished table, surronded by inviting purple cushions Kich nosegays adorned this table, ami on it were placed large joints of roast meat, glasses and dishes of 20 "'*"^ .n,I „,. ' "■'"' ''ate.,, fi„, ''•-■''«"<.■ Che ' w " ""'^"•'•'"'i corn ' " •^"'"'""".t' ce..o. '' ''■""' -'"cl. aro.,e:, ::""•"•"? -„„■,,, AttJ,eoxlr "'■'"' '='"»'l.^ of ;„. I-"'" ''.0 , : '■■»'" «'■"." i.o„.i ,. ^'^ ;--' -•"••"i^- ,o "">U the t.r 1 S'J'isfs l-ed;n,-„ 0"e of , :, ''"'' '^''•^'"'d the,-,. ; ;' "'"' »''«»We,. „,■ ■ioud.- •^ of in- ;-^ed. Till! ^^« crook ea S'J ready to Joun.I the ^ves. and ^'Jshious ,'aiJant].^ '^iei's of bajiius', 'ceuted ' ".nil I -^er to t aJJ 21 sn1:)ordiiiate niattci'.'?, and beoanie alj^orLcd in tlio enjoyment of the delicious viands. When the guests had eaten sufficient they again washed their liands ; tlic plates, and dishes were veuioved, the floor cleanseiaces cou](J ^^o»ie a,T/v,(j '^^■^^ of dksoJ er a acien ^'ag'lJlc'O "^0 aijil ''^ lic/jo.s, spoiKJtlai/f! '^««t French cooh ^'^^^^"baiu.s, C'an.H ' ' ''''^' .tudy. ""^^ ^^^'-^^'^S- beeanie an ,,t Viuiy ' ' "■ science a "'■"'■"f sJavos/'-f "■'"' ='"»«o live, .„ '«^iciou8 wme^ "itii /ig^s and 23 ^e ^^'as system ^ *^^e form oi' '^^^« after a ^^^y iadei, ''^^^tid tile,,, *' ^'^ J'aies "uiiilje,e,j. "y n'lien and ilni 'g theii "ce, a ^ and h the and I The following bill of fare is from the time of Juliis Caesar, a period in which gastronomy was not at all at its zenith : — Oysters. Eab. First Cocrsr. Mussnlf. Apiniragiis. Fowls. with Marroses. Uiigoutof SlielHish Skc'Ond Coursr. Ilauiicli of Venison. Wild Boar. Paste of Beconficos. Third Coi'rse. I'dderof 8vvine. Boar's Head. Fricassee of Fish. Fricassee of Sow's Udder. Duck. Hare. Roast Fowl. Every special di.sli was accompanied by an appro- priate wine. Their dining-room was always the best room in the house : — " The lady of the house, says a writer, awaited us in a small six-sided cabinet, fitted up puri)o.sely as a dining-room for six or eight persons. It was wholly cased with a rich marble of a pale yellow hue, beautifully paneled, having t])ree windows opening upon a lonf^ portico with a southern aspect, set out with exotics in fan- cifully arranged groups. The marble panels of the room were .so contrived, that at a touch they slipped aside and disclosed, in rich array, here the choicest wines, there sauces and spices of a thousand sorts, and there again, the rarest confections brouglit from China and the East. The least dissatisfaction with the flavour of a dish, or the kind of wine, could be removed by merely roachin" out the liand, and drawing froni an inexhaustible treasure-jjouso both wines and condiments. 24 '"""' -^^e. „„, , ""'/'^ ''■■"■» "''V..,. ,,' t , '"-^ -'^ '"0,,, ,,.,,,1 "' t". lu,, ov„,. ,.„„,,^,,; "'■ .■^ya,«,„,, ,,„ ; " ''"CO,,,,. „/■ „ '"' SI'-"'-!/, of III, . " ^oyw,] W,\.,h,„. , '■'■"-»".■. mco '"■s,:-,, :'■■■-■""-*• .,. ^^^' '''^''^M the ''^'''- ^'odish '^' ^^ t^^o lighUn- ^■'"' «'^«cl with "\^'':'' ^'^ yet ''. ^'"]']'3' n,s to ''' ^'''^("ini;,,,, "''^"» U 11,1, 1 „ J. ^t bj-JJlfrs ^^« Wuij,J '"• Could ^on a i-aco J^'Ji' male ^^as not 'till nud 25 was free and light, each seeming to enjoy himself and the companion who reclined next to him. Aurelian with a condescending grace urged the wine upon his friends, as they appeared occasionally to forget it, offering frequently some new and unheard-of°kind,' brought from Asia, Greece or Africa, and which he would exalt to the skies for its flarour. When the feast was nearly ended, and the attending slaves were employed in loading it for the last time with fruits, olives, and confections, a troup of eunuchs, richly habited, entered the apartment to the sound of flutes and horns, be. ring upon a platter of gold an immense bowl or vase of the same metal, filled to the brim with wine, which they placed in the centre of the table, and then, at the command of the emperor, with a ladle of the same precious material and ornamented with gems, served out the wine to the company. At first, as the glittering pageant advanced, astonishment kept us mute, and caused us involuntarily to rise from our couches to watch the ceremony of introducing it, and fixing it in its appointed place. For never before in Kome had there been seen a golden vessel of such size, or wrought with art so marvelous. The language of wonder and pleasure was heard, on every side, from every mouth. Even Livia and Julia, who in Palmyra liad been used to the goblets and wine-cups of the eastern Demetrius, showed amazement not less than the others at a magnificence and a beauty that surpassed all experience and all conception. 26 ^^st above wherfi *i . P^^'^cipal li^ht b V ) f ^^^^ ^^«s placed 7 o'ic 01 polished rroj,7 J ° ^oods upon fJ.« ^^^'"onds, caused it to hf '""^ ^^'' ^^ickly Z 1 «--'-.^ Pievemed us w'' ''^^ ^^-"«ton,ed to t b ^^"^Ptures, which, Zhu ."^^""^^'^ ^-an.inL ^f"^ ^^*«.art, glowed an V''"^^ P^'^^»«'on and . ° ' 5 happily ,va,, „ea,. f, u ■ ' task. ^'''"•>' absorbed m thn ^ '"^ ^^'^ The e,„ re - ■ ''"'' '^'"'"^^^^^ ^y this middL'^'^^^'"^ ^'"'^« carried onf rr leavinrr f ' ^*^lio vv H f,.^„, *® ^'lese. 'ce^, hung the t^e apartment °0fls upon the ^'ckJy strewed ^^^i" ^vhich the ^"'^J to it hy fan.fning the '^^'^ consuni. P^^estaJ, the ie vase, and >n ^rh/ch it <^ ^urelian, ^he custom ^at I could that Were 'V'a, being '«'e ID the »g>eeabJe >f heiaelr v.ng -ha ^»'om her 'ase, tbt^ 9 for all these. h, and at the 27 fountain of Beauty." Whereupon, all who were so disposed gathered round the center of the table. " This," said Varus, " both for size and the perfect art lavished upon it, surpasses the glories fabled of the buckler of Minerva, whose fame has reached us." " You say right ; it does so," said the emperor. *• That dish of Vitellius was inferior in workmanship, as it was less in weight and size than this, which, before you all, I hero name ' The Cup of Livia.' Let us fill again from it, and drink to the empress of all the world" When the host was rich, then certainly his wines were old (some more than a hundred years) and rare. In greater esteem than Falerian stood the Isis wine of Egypt. The Eonians seldom drank their wines undiluted. They mingled it with water, and cooled it with snow. During winter times they enjoyed themselves with the warm drink Calda, made of wine, water, honey and spice, and our "Cocktail" or "Eggnog" was with them the Mulsum, prepared from wine, houey and spice. It was quite customary for slaves to attend upon their masters at banquets, and, with a cunningly devised instrument to so tickle their superior's throat as to cause them to discharge what they had previously swallowed, in order that th air stomachs might take further supplies of the liquids that were generously flowing. 28 .eem anywhere near it. Zu f "'"f-'y- ^ did not Jankard after tankard „f • ""J emptied. Verua bi.nLTv! .''f '■^(><«««''dly filled e''o«e„„,ti,g^„^j »«f hac! been unanimou.,,^ K'oh'j' garlanded, he ren ,„ . "''™'- trth"""""''— ^ -Co eT ;r" " ''■■™" of O'^ "" « '.-^MiTCe ~1 :r ^-"' «-' -d «ie, covered hi, feet „„df„;;,;'"[ J"'- ""d other floj;,' W'^^""-''-..pid..aitedthenodonhe oushrona^'Yel^;! '"""'"' '" ^^-t upon the ,„.„ "^ ^^ "'» eyes vvPTo «. \ 'luxurious J»o,tZ«L?V°,*™''''"'''^'''''d afte.^ "oeompaBied ,he harp in a S ^''' "'"^'^ "f "'e oitv « P'««e upon the trigon. Tu / " """<^' ««™ted ^- -» 'be apart.%nt, rotLir::'";;: '' "^"-^ ** ^^ swinging to the •auquet about ^t did Dot '^^'Dg of the atedly filled 'lianiioous/y 'van of his hions pijed ^ «ncl fJies, 31' flowers mseU and od of the "xm-ious certainly I for the closest extracts aid b^ i after- le city, >ice of icuted oncers o the 29 music of tanibouriDe and double flute. Each new form of entertainment elicited applause. With each tankard a fresh stream of merriment rose toward the open roof, through which the odor of the flowers and the burning essences exhaled from ornamental altars found an exit. Already great pools of wine, poured out as libations to the gods, lay upon the polished floor; shouts had drowned the music and the songs — the cheerful feast had become an orgy. Verus stimulated the silent and lazy guests to the enjoyment of mad pleaures, and gave to all unbridled license. He acknowledged every pledge — knew how to entertain the fair singer at his side — threw a spark- ling jest into every silent group ; and showed to the learned guests stretched upon divans not far removed, that he was interested in and only waited opportunity to share their conversation. Alexandria, that meeting point of eastern and west- ern cultivation, had seen other feasts than this riotous drinking-bout ! * • ♦ * The forgoing shows that eating and drinking are and over have been closely related. Liquids are multiplied by gastronomy. But gastronomy follows only in its way the general development of a people. Babaric nations are satisfied with One beverage, culti- vated possess a countless number. The Romans at the time of their first dictator contented themselves with homemade beer and wine j 30 "nder the reiVn nf ir,.. 3 70 different I 7^ '"'■'"• ^""8 they d,.ant „ , uinerent kinds of wine, ,,. -^ """"« more than ^."■enca thought -hemseires Wt ^ '"''^ ^''""'^ in ;'"""'e„t; to.day the Cel . '' 1° "* '''''e to sip „, " 0' K llaloe, who said, that th. I ' '" ^""^ Kirwan «" » "> 'hia life .usCtt^r^ "'"•"'' '^ "' "- A glass of good be„r • "'"'''' '"'><')• ^'-uiant when Ce Z l,";*^""''''''"^ - excellent °" »PPe«e and on/di:: ^//'"P'; beefstaice, b" lilt rr'""" "^ » -*- d-ir"^ --r- (- %h^: e ::,- ^; "-.ge onincstrr f '^"■=-ee. n does n: rr' """" ^'^° " « '^h "«, """vithoysto" a !';","""' «P---ee Sherry or Madeira with soulf w,-""'"! ^'"^ '^ "eeded ^»d with entrees o .^ ' ^^^' ^»'^ a Germor, • ^''II in spite of these ,„ " ''"'""■■ here are people who atToeX:?"^ recognised facta r '^■•»n> each cou,.e in turn h 7"''"' '""'""^''e ^ Modern, or Jet m ««a aestrous fh^ 31 ^ oiore than settlers in - to sip ojie ^ '«ay ask ill Kirwan ■ is attain- ed). excellent ^ake, but 'y suffer confine s/^^omach lere our ence to deeded, n ^vine 'equire wines sist to facta ke to call uids. aner Sht- ids the digestive function. Teetotaler and drunlard suffer from indigestion : " The extremes meet." Wherever we may look we observe that development of spiritious liquors has always been a part of the general civilization, of the growth of all that goes to further material position of man and to improve the comfort of his position. But our present state of civilization is our inheritance from bygone generations, or more generally expressed : the advance of any nation in culture is largely a matter of destiny, viz., the soil upon which people live and the peculiar natural qualities of the people will always prove the road by which it advances in culture. By what right do fanatical teetotalers dare to assert that any nation would be happier without intoxicating drinks ? They have only a phantom to speculate with; on their side is arranged neither history nor psychologic. Are they not themselves children born and begotten of beer and whisky-drinkers? Do they not reflect that all their better thoughts and feelings are due to their progenitors who were votaries of Bacchus and King Gambrinus ? As far as our intelligence goes, it would seem evidently better if we had neither gales nor hurricanes at sea or on land, and it is difficult for us to understand exactly what good they accomplish ; still, they exist. So also it is difficult to shoio the blessings or even the necessity of certain <^aU 32 i^ey exist. '^^'^ of the human race; still qualities from any one Ja t ,. T ^° ""^ " ^^ " imagine aueh a iing ' hLIT ' '^ '■"'''"^''■'"<' '» great character, in whom „ ^, f ''°'"' P™*«=ed a f'>ita did not exist nave (">^<»'»"cally) ..fe,,," "great." ' °''^' <''""' g"« Wm the attribute English speakin" i»nni„ 1,1, , a-o^g the races of Ihe'eS 1 • ''^ • '"' P^"- « IS impossible to say, butuTl , """^ '"'""''J b« ice; Sim, ^a," is a ual or of 'had )> u " bad " 'sibJe to duced a "bad" ^tribute osition t as a •bits.f ntalbj lid be would human It that son Is option refore I ago, pie. iras y 60 rage lors. 33 The Britisher who reflects with pride on the history of his country in the past and with confidence in its future must exclaim : " Blinking may be a fault, if so you choose to call it, but it is still an essential portion of my nature. Deprive me of this trait, and I am no longer an Englishman nor worthy to represent my ancestors— my natural disposition is corrupted, spoiled, decomposed, diluted, deluged." Teetotalism is only a social illness, of which we meet records in history from time to time through all the ages. Two thousand years ago an attempt was made in (>hina to prohibit the sal« of intoxicants, but the effort failed. Mahomed forbade in the Coian his followers to use wine, but soon after his death wine regained its ancient position as the favorite beverage amon^^ the inhabitants of Arabia and Mesopotamia. We read that in Damascus at the court of the Oinmojaden those conquerors of Jesdegerd celebrated their succhss in. great drinking orgies. The Puritans in their day did their best to make the English a people who eschewed the use of wine and of all national pleasures. The answer, as soon as the people had a chance to deliver it, is well known. Macaulay relates that at the Restora- tion " the clifls ot Dover was covered by thousands of gazers, among whom scarcely one could be found who was not weeping with delight. The journey to London was a continued triumph. The whole road from Rochester was bordered by booths and tents, and looked like an interminable fair. Everywhere flags were flying, 34 bells and music soundin- wine and alp ft. • • rp to the health of hi.\.,os:uit:;r^ of peace, of law and of freedom" Prohibitionists claim the liquor-luv fn \.. T>„i. ^ , ii4uui law to be a pi-o'^TPsd i^ut progress does not know an illo-nc.^ mni / ffrievious rflvnInf;^ • • '^^^oica., momentous, f '7'^^»' revolutionary crisis. Progress i^ nn< oir j to law-breakin- or to law ^. ^^^'"'^ i.iviu ui to Jaw aema'i'^m t,^ ^- .i t.me, graot the social bom en tons, lot aJliofl S'^ye tlie •re wants comfort, tlie same ucreased precipi- Jrishin-' O 3pIo of ivalent d strife It ]ias leasure Beds of 3 com- ?ye fcr our of !it was or his social over crime d the t 35 vice of drunkenness and corrupted the morals. Thous- ands denounce the law as being against peace, justice and social and individual liberty, as a most tyranical measure ; as a modern Puritanical child, full of the odious spirits of fanaticism and zealotry. It is only the moderate and successive development of a people that is endued with organic and heathful life. Every jump, every excess is inorganic, unnatural and marks a retrogression in the commercial and political life of a people. The principles at the basis of the law, like many other ideas, may be praiseworthy In ihe abstract, but their practical execution is destructive to a common- wealth.