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No. I. 
 ENCAMPMENT AT STANLEV. 
 
 Tlie surveying party, api)ointed to explore the line of road, intended to 
 lie opened out through the Forest, started from Fredericlon, in Jtily 1834 ; 
 and after tracing out a practicable line nearly straight, struck the River Nash- 
 vvaak, at the spot here delineated. The view was taken on the evening of 
 their arrival ; it shews the parJy felling the first trees, and forming their en- 
 campment. The spot being found eligible for a Town, from a combination 
 of favourable circumstances, was subsequently laid out as such, and the fol- 
 lowing sketches will shew the progress of its formation. It was named 
 " Stanley," in compliment to the present Lord Stanley, then Secretary of 
 State for the Colonial Department. 
 
 y 
 
 No. II. 
 ERECTING THE MILL-DAM AT STANLEY. 
 
 In all new settlements one of the essentials is a Saw Mill; and wlien we 
 observe that all the houses are built of wood, its utility becomes the more 
 apparent. Advantage was therefore taken of the natural " Fall " in the river, 
 and a dam was thrown across the Nashwaak of about 160 feet in length. The 
 sketch shews the mode of effecting it. A number of the largest trunks of elm 
 and pine trees were placed " up and down " the stream, in the direction 
 of the current; these were crossed by others of great length, notched 
 on to them transversely, and well loaded with stones. A second series of trees, 
 very much longer than the first, was then crossed on the transverse logs, 
 immediately over them, and in like manner well loaded with rocks; and so 
 on, until the structure attained a sufficient height. The frame-work on the 
 left was made of birch timber, firmly bolted together, and teclinically called 
 the Flume ; through which the water, acting on the wheel in the mill, is de- 
 signed to be conveyed. The proper elevation and inclination having been 
 attained, the back of the dam is covered by stout planking, closely fitted. The 
 joints were then rendered tight witli hay and gravel, so as effectually to prevent 
 the escape of the water; and on the completion of the mill, the flume was 
 planked, and the water sufl^ered to accumulate behind the dam to a required 
 iiead. If the bottom be of a sandy nature, it becomes necessary to incline the 
 <lam both up and down the stream, or the constant falling over of the water 
 would excavate and undermine the structure, to tiie destruction of the mill and 
 dam. This latter kind is called the Rolling Dam. In the centre of the sketch 
 is seen the first log-house, bnilt on the surveying party's first encampment; 
 and on the left, a shed covered by spruce bark, forming a sort of shop for the 
 carpenters, until something more substantial could be made for their use. 
 
No. III. 
 
 THE MILL-DAM AT STANLEY. 
 
 Tliis view shews the dam wlieii completed ; the water of the Nashwaak 
 tlowinj^ over it : the frame of tlie mill had not then been placed in its situation, 
 in front of the flume. In the foreground are seen the log cauoes, which towed 
 by horses, conveyed the provisions to the parties engaged in the several works 
 in operation. Some of these canoes are thirty-six feet in length, by three in 
 breadth, hewn out of single pine trees. The navigation of these vessels requires 
 great skill and hardihood, both in the management of the canoe, and the riding 
 of the horse over the uneven and rocky bed of an impetuous river. Few horses 
 can endure the fatigue more than two seasons, and the men in after-life are 
 frequently victims to rheumatism, brought on by exposure and immersion in 
 the water, at often a freezing temperature, for days together, in the spring and 
 autumn : and men engaged in such pursuits, are deserving higher remuneration 
 than the ordinary labourer. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS CAMP OR WIGWAM AT STANLEY. 
 
 Before any houses could be erected, this temporary shelter was built, and 
 occupied by Mr. Kendall, during his superintendance of the operations going 
 forward at Stanley, for the first season. It was made by arranging a number 
 of twenty-feet poles, so as to meet in a point in the centre, where they were 
 firmly secured ; a quantity of spruce bark was then laid on, and fastened to the 
 poles ; a flooring of spruce boughs, and a bufi'alo skin, completed the furniture, 
 with the exception of the tea-kettle, tin-dish, and pannikin, which form the 
 invariable, indeed indispensable accompaniments of the woodman's hut. 
 
 1 <. 
 
 
 No. V. 
 
 PROCESS OF CLEARING THE TOWN-PLOT OF STANLEY. 
 
 Clearing land, that is getting rid of the trees growing on it, is to a novice 
 one of the most disagreeable kinds of labour, though to the persons accu.s- 
 tomed to it, it seems to jtossess a charm, as they prefer it to other kind of 
 labour. In the view before us, the fire has run over the ground once, and the 
 men are piling and burning the limbs left unconsumed. The surveying party 
 on the right are represented as about to siart on an exploring expedition, and 
 the provisions are being brought by oxen for the supply of the different parties. 
 The mill and tavern were in an incomplete state, as shewn in the drawing. 
 The appearance of the blackened stumps, is distressing to the eye of an English 
 farmer; but in practice, the plan of leaving them in the ground for a few 
 years, is found to succeed much better than the slower and more expensive 
 
 ^J 
 
 I 
 
mode of uprooting the trees at once. I'lic grain is scattered among the ashes, 
 and covered in with a rude angular harrow, whicli, at this early stage, supersedes 
 the plough ; and this rough mode of culture is sufticieiit to produce a crop 
 much greater than would he expected by persons accustomed to the straight 
 furrow, and drill husbandry. 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 THE SAW-MILL COMPLETED, AND IN OPERATION, TAKEN FROM THE 
 
 MILL-POND, ABOVE THE DAM. 
 
 The logs are cut on the borders of the river, and floated down to the 
 mill-pond to be sawn. The deals are thrown out at the lower side of the 
 mill, ready to be collected in rafts and conveyed to market. On the right is 
 seen one of a series of pier-frames, built of logs, tilled with stones, for the 
 purpose of breaking the force of the ice in the spring freshet, and to conduct 
 the logs to the mil! by means of a boom, connected by chains extending from 
 pier to pier. 
 
 No. VII. 
 
 TAVERN AT STANLEY. 
 
 This building was made of logs, nearly in the form of a cross, the angles 
 being dove-tailed together, and each course of timber being firmly connected 
 by treenails of hardwood to the one beneath it; the interior square was 
 continued one .story higher than the others, so as to allow their roofs to abutt 
 against it ; and by this means a very strong and commodious building was 
 made. The biildings to the right are the workmen's houses; and the machine 
 drawn by oxen, was made of solid birch, wheels bound by iron, with a strong 
 axle and pole, — used for conveyance over the rough and uneven ground, 
 previous to the formation of roads. 
 
 . ^ 
 
 GENERAL 
 
 No. VIII. 
 iLlW OF STANLEY, FROM THi^ ROAD. 
 
 At the time this view was taken, the hill on the opposite side, comprising 
 thirty-four acres, was cleared and cropped ; the buildings nearly all enclosed, 
 and in a habitable state. Parties were engaged in building houses on six of 
 the town lots, one of which is shewn to the right, the men being engaged in 
 covering the roof with shingles, made of pine, and laid on similar to slating. 
 A stream suflicient to drive ordinary machinery, runs down the valley, on the 
 opposite or northern side of the Nashwaak ; and the road, after crossing the 
 bridge which is thrown over the river, below the hill, winds up the valley, and 
 is continued in a direction nearly straight to the S. W. branch of the Miramichi 
 river. 
 
 ^ 
 
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 No. rx. 
 
 EXHIBITS PART OF THK ROVAI, UOAD. DKSFONEI) TO K.XTKNI) I'UOM 
 
 FUEDERICKTON TO QUEBHC. 
 
 The principal feature is a remurkuhle elm tree, staiidin;' hy the road-sidi', 
 which even tlie nitiiless destroyers of every tiling in the shapt- (»f timber, who 
 constitute tlie lahDiirinp population of New nrunswick, spared in •tpening out 
 the road, and diynified l»y the uame of " Sir Archihald's >Valking-sticlC" in 
 compliujent to his IXcellenoy the Governor, Sir A. Campbell. A gentleman 
 resident in the neighbourhood, a man hauling oordwood to town, a shanty, and 
 an incipient log-house, make up the concomitants of the sr?ene. 
 
 Nos. X XI. XII. 
 
 The winter in New Brunswick, is a season of the greatest activity. 'J'he 
 snow renders many parts of the country accessible, which from want of good 
 roads are almost impassable in the summer; it also enables the lumber men to 
 drag the trunks of trees intended for market, to the banks of the rivers, whi(;h 
 are swollen, by its melting in the spring, sutHciently to float them to the 
 sea-ports. 
 
 These views attempt an illustration of the appearance of the country at 
 this period, and the sort of carriages used.— The Sleigli is the vehicle for 
 personal conveyance, and varies in form according to the taste of the owner. 
 The Sled is that used for heavy draught: on it ^/ne farmer conveys his produce 
 to market, whence he returns home with a heterogeneous load from the mer- 
 chants' store, for his winter supply. 
 
 In the Lithographic drawings, the .skies are made murky and dark : this 
 is by no means the ordinary appearance, either in summer or winter, except 
 for a fvw hours preceding or during the continuance of a snow-storm. On the 
 contrary, the atmos|jheie is clear in a most remarkable degree; and the roofs 
 of houses, covered with tin, continue perfectly bright and free from rust for a 
 number of years. 
 
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