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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 6 MiiiiiniiiiiiiimTD r%» ^Li ij ^va^ 111 fe?^g?».> • ""— IP"'"" „iiiil l\\0^ nnlHUL ■ -^ ....iiiilili'ililiiilWBP ^^Hj^^Hnt Sii"ii' -^f SSS^' V^^x-J^ ■ -v:?^- ..'Tfei..*..'^- »<.,^>— •^- .^mi^".'. ^fTSf'."!':- Mli^M -^<- '?^^=~ ^s^^V^jS ^ a. O M 2 Q <: =i O o 16s W s C/3 s -3 42 s u c/) O s O 2 DC C/5 0Ei C/3 0$ P g < 5 ^ ? < I 2 »8 SR od w 3 S g 3 S s ^ c/3 flQ U ^^M^ g •J i I I (( iHe JV^enon)inee Iron I^Dge." From its Genesis to its, Revefation. r; tl " ^ # # QS^ tanb u»fo«e ttonet ate 3von, anb out of )»9oM ^iffii tfou iiui)^«t 6% qgfvA««." — The Book of Dtutei-onomv. Swain & Tate Co., Printbrs, Milwaukbk. A Business Invitation to the Menominee Iron Range Kddressed to joii, FROM THE LUMBERMAN AND THE MINER .^^i Invkstmknt, BY lODadtx (R. (nur»e)>. Author of "Ten Years in Winnipeg," "Keewatin, the Di:batahie Land," "Escanaba, the Iron Port of the World ," etc., etc. lD\i% (Wap0 anb 3«tt0fta«on0^ •Man* MW * ^ to Aft (T (Ihjmih, ki Uw fnir IMI, hj Walur R. Rww;, !■ Ik* ■■» •« IIm Ukrariu, ai Waiktailw. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PREFACE. Expltinatory of the objects of the publication, and tht; scope of its reference. . . 7 14 CHAPTER 1. Thk Mknominkk RivKk Coi;.nikv -The Old and tl>e New 17- 27 CHAPTER II. The Menominkk Ikon Ka.N(;iv- Discovery and Development 29- 41 CHAPTER III. The Oke ani» iiik Iko.v ui ihk Mknominke— Comparative and Affirmative... 43 55 CHAPTER IV. The Iron Mines ok hie Menominee Kance — Facts and Fancies 57 65 CHAPTER V. The Cities and Towns ok the Range — Their Industries and their Resources. NokWAV 67- 85 Ikon Mountain 87-117 Fi.oKENCK 1 18-127 Ckysiai. Falls 128 148 Iron River 140-141 and 149 With Statistical Tables and Statements of Facts. Iffa^'fratJoD^. ♦ Lml LL of the artistic Half Tone Plates and I'lioto-Knjjravin^s which embellish this jy X publication, have been enj{raved by the Marr tV- Richards KnKraving Co. kA Milwaukee, from photographs taken especially for the purpose. To Mr. Madley of the Thomson-Van Oepoele Electric Mining Co. of Boston, I am indebted for the underground llash light views. For the typographical merits of the pamphlet, Swain & Tate Co. also of Milwaukee are capably responsible. The Map of the range which was compiled with special regard to the references 1 have made to local geography, is the work of Mr. Dunbar Scott of the Millie Mining Co., Iron Mountain. As to my estimate of the kindness of the (piintette of hulies who permitteil nie to perpetuate their portraits in print, I find it cjuite impossible to express my appreciation in cold type. My desire to place in evidence that iron was not the only natural attraction native to the Menominee, is, I am now certain, distinctly demonstrated in the more magnetic allurements presented by these feminine symbols of its Northern Lights. Subject PhoTOI.KAI'IIKK. SlllJECT. I'llOTOGKArilKK. Kiver-man and Miner. ... By Murdoch & Mortenaen Shaft No. I, Mamilton Mine— Group of Officials and Miners, By Murdoch aHed upon an actual knowledge of the subjects referred to, is urgently sounht If you do not care to accept your share of this reasonable responsibility, any criticism you may feel constrained to make after publication, will fail to indicate that y(>u " were really interested in the reliability of the work." To those few who realized the importance of disseminating literal literature, con- cerning a territory destined to furnish and to forge the king-l)olts of America's commer- cial world, and with whom a sense of imiversal duty prevailed over other considerations, 1 proffer my thanks. To Dr. N. P. Hulst, of Milwaukee, Gen. Man. Pewabic Mine; Mr. John T. Jones, Supt. of Hamilton Ore Co.; Mr. J. H. Knight, Editor of Norway Current; Mr. Kelly, Gen. Man. Penn. Mining Co.; Mr. John H. Wood, Pres. First National Hank, Iron Mountain; Rev. Father Bourion, Mr. H. D. Fisher and Mr. Frank Waring, of Florence, Mr. A. Lustfield and Mr. Gerome Schwartz, of Crystal Falls, and Mr. Lew Whitehead, of Vulcan, and to Major S. G. Brock, Chief of Bureau of Statistics Treasury Dept., and Dr. David T. Day, of the Division of Mines, Washington, my acknowledgments for valuable information are especially owing. To some other gentlemen I am also under obligations to a lesser degree. As to the contingent of chronic promisors, whose profuse pledges remain unfulfilled I commend them to the consideration of my successors. To those who were always too busy ( "Don't you see Sir, that I am too busy?") to talk busi- ness, or even to be approached, and an interruption of whose child-like reveries, would. I'HE Menominee Iron Range. were the dreamers to be believed, disturb the balance of the world, I extend my apology and make natuial allowance. To those other few, equally estimable yet more refreshingly frank and understandable gentlemen, who referred to pits more bottomless than euphonious, where the earth forever melts in a fervent heat, and spoke of an over- ture of clubs, I would merely remind them, that in the advanced prosperity which must follow a wider knowledge of the native riches on which the very thresholds of their houses rest, though they will share in all the benefits that will follow such publicity they can never hope to claim the smallest particle of credit. It is particularly trusted that the mission of these unpretentious pages or their proper status in the world of books, will not be confounded. In no sense are they hazarded as a literary effort, or with the presumption that they will rank with any of the more elaborate and recognized chronicles of Michigan's achievements. A great dearth of literature descriptive of the famouL local resources of these portions of the states dedicated to the "beaver" and the "wolverine," exists. It was deemed that any addition to such scant records no matter how immature the style, provided unassailable facts were presented, should be of practical avail in spreading the knowledge of the wonders of marvellous Menominee, and so be acceptable to a public forever thirsting for information. I am aware that publications of this nature are prone to carry greater respect if they are free from any indication of being issued as a business venture. Again, on the other hand, if issued under the auspices of local interests they are probably more apt to present colored and partial views, the result of a not unnatural desire to place everything in the best possible light. I therefore submit that in the plan now pursued, namely a review by an impartial observer, the naked truths are more liable to be presented than they would be by any of the ordinary methods universally in vogue. The writer being distinctly free from provincial prejudice and completely independent of control, the state- ments hereinafter made may be accepted as reliable. Whilst exception may be taken to certain conclusions reached, involving a difference of opinion only, no exception need be taken to the facts as recited which in every case have been subjected to all possible verification. Profound belief in Menominee's future, a belief encouraged by the staunch advocacy of practical representatives of the Range, must stand the excuse for the existence of this epitome of truths r.^w presented. The pith of the rangeman's creed — which forms the excuse for my research, and the scope of my enquiry — is best explained by a quotation from the prospectus already mentioned, and which preceeded my investigations, and the compiling of this pamphlet. Distinctly foremost as a controlling factor in the expansion of trade and the enlistment of capital, is the unstinted publicity of facts relating to the physical aspect and commercial situation of any region, which aspires to compete in the world's race for supremacy in any special line of product or manufacture. The Menominee Iron Range. extend my >le yet more ! bottomless of an over- which must lids of their iblicity they res or their ise are they h any of the great dearth af the states ed that any unassailable ■ledge of the thirsting for spect if they on the other pt to present thing in the ely a review d than they riter being 1, the state- ay be taken ;eption need all possible Ich advocacy Itence of this forms the la quotation )ns, and the It of capital, is jf any region, manufacture. The people of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan and its parallell territory in Wisconsin, have l)een slow to adopt the pacific methods of modern trade warfare — the necessary outcome of commercial competition — which have been so successfully employed in the iron producing states of the South. Alabama. Virtjinia. the Carolinasand Tennessee in particular, have almost dried up the printers founts, and exhausted his fonts, in publishing to the outside world in attractive form the history of their resources, and have actually stormed the commercial strongholds of the North itself, hoping even to seduce the business men of the inland marine states from allegiance to their highlands of superior mineral and timber, for the doubtful advantages of the inferior iron fields of the over-heated South. Not a southern city of the least magnitude — with less abundant advantages than have the majority of its prototypes in the North, or one whose town plat even exists only in the minds of the promoters — but has been written up, and its alleged resources advertised in an attractive way. Not a day passes but illustrated literature, preaching in glowing terms southern possibilities, reaches the northern manufacturer to disturb his peace of mind, or to induce the hesitating investor to concentrate his attentions on those somewhat torrid latitudes. Whilst statements more or less exaggerated are thus placed in circulation, the fact must not be lost sight of, that the South if producing a much less valuable grade of ore than the Lake Superior region, holds out some cogent reasons for recognition, in the way of low freight rates and less exacting royalties. The vastness of the Menominee Mines, the unapproachable excellence of their ores, the dense forests of pine and hardwood, with an unlimited supply of structural timber, pulp wood, lumber, charcoal and other fuels, offering material for every known branch of manufacture, together with the inestimable value of the many river's enormous water power, whilst all contributing to make a region incalculably rich in natural resource— have never been presented to an inquisitive public in condensed book form. It is in a measure to present a counter-irritant to this southern fever, that I invite a closer study of the great trade possibilities of the Iron ranges of the Menominee, which may righteously be regarded as perhaps the richest region of ferriferous deposit in the known world. A region, upon the churned bosom of whose restless parent stream annualb" float some 600,000,000 feet of logs cut within its limits, can surely be excused for courting public criticism. What are these rivers saying? What is the burden of their invitation? What is the practical interpretation of the music of their ripple, and of the psalm of their cataracts? Listen! it is this: "We are dying to be harnessed in the interests of commerce. We are eter- "nally and aimlessly beating against the rocks. Won't ^v^'^ come, man of indus- " trial science and lead us the way we would go? At six points alone, alongside "flourishing towns, we offer you our free services equal to twenty thousand horse "power. It is yours for the asking. Won't you come?" These streams offer every trade inducement in the way of cheap and applicable co-operation to the men who seek new fields for manufacturing industries. The raw material, the wood and the iron, are at hand in plethoric abundance. The market is both local and territorial, the demand is daily increasing, but the supply at present comes from abroad. The forests of the Menoininee butter the bread of the eastern manufacturer, who grows rich on their crude product. The Iron Mountain consumer, after paying two freights on his manufactured necessaries of life, besides commissions to various middle-men, realizes in common with his neighbors in other towns of the range, tiiat it is about time he disbursed his wages nearer home, and in supporting local industries, indirectly benefited himself. lO The Menominee Iron Range. An Iruit Range such as the Menominee, with a list of thirty-two mines, only twelve of which however, produced during the last calendar year over 20,000 tons of ore each, and only six of which produced over 100,000 tons each, whilst the total output of fourteen others only reached 96,000 tons, yet managed, with this majority of infant industries to ship 2,282,237 tons of hematite to eastern smelters, being considerably less than one-sixlh only of the total product of the United States, and greatly less than one-third only of all the ore mined in Michigan — has surely the vested right by reason of native endowment to demand and exact the attention of the world. North and west of the Menominee Range, inclusive also of all Michigan and Wis- consin, I find by a study of the last Census Report (Bulletin No. 12) that there is a population of over 8,000,000 of people in the States and Territories marketably tributary to the Lake Superior Iron fields. Accepting the estimate of 300 pounds per capita v? the present consumption of iron in the United States, I find that about 1,250,000 tons of iron would at the present time be annually necessary for the immediate wants of these people. Hence it would take to-day more than 200,000 tons of ore in excess of the Menominee Range product of 1890, to supply the existing want of the consumers geographically and commercially dependent on an iron mart yet to be established in the bulls eye of the greatest ore-beds of the world, and this without any regard to an increase of population or the accelerating demand of the future. The chief portion of this hand ' :^"k is justly devoted to a resume of the physical features, resources and industrial an ■. .> ges of the Range, as a whole — as the situs of the iron fields which will within th. itury supply the entire Northwestern States — which resume forms the comprehensive text and key to the special advantages presented by each of the towns and villages within its borders. The limited space at my disposal permits but the veriest outline sketch of their several histories, and is entirely too restricted for the purposes of detailed chronology. Their separate mention indeed is more for the purpose of illustrating the inherent and extraordinary worth of the country subject to their control, an authority imposed upon them by the rapid expansion of their governmental functions, and of the industries upon which they are built, and which has forced them into existence within a decade. A short ten years since the oldest child of this urban family was the crudest kind of a mining village, canvas-housed, board-shacked, and log-cabinned, sheltering one hun- dred or less swart miners of divers nationalities under the sombre arches of whispering pines. Could the few tall trees, relico of the original forest, which now in places cast their ornamental shadows on electric lamp posts and the pilasters of sandstone blocks, tell to you the story, they are never tired of whispering to each other, amid the showers of glistening needles, falling, falling, a sweet winding-sheet upon the graves of departed The Menominek Iron Range. II only twelve of ore each, al output of ity of infant considerably tly less than ;ht by reason an and Wis- it there is a ibly tributary )er capita ^s 250,000 tons iate wants of i in excess of le consumers )lished in the regard to an the physical s the situs of ;ern States — es presented my disposal entirely too ion indeed is the country expansion of e built, and idest kind of ng one hun- whispering places cast Itone blocks, I the showers of departed facts, you would carry away with you a just impression — far outside of my power to impart — of the awful results — I use the adjective intentionally — of the subtle forces of nature. Out of chaos has arrived a new order of things. Out of tene jus forest wrack, and silent hills of jasper, have sprung important towns vital with active commerce, and vibrant day and night with the aggressive shriek of steam, the blows of the pick, the muffled friction of the hoists, the sonorous roar of emptying skips, the crisp creak of electricity, and the high pitched singing of compressed air. Towns whose utilization of certain modern scientific appliances, surpasses in some particulars all other cities of the world; towns whose material advancement is literally based on the incalculable and inexhaustible value of the foundations of their streets, and whose adjacent barriers of marketable woods make even invasion profitable whilst it lasts, and conquest doubly so. Few of the men who drifted into the wilderness of the range in the dying '70's dreamed of the revelations and successes which were to follow their primal exploits. American and Englishman, Italian and Frenchman, Swede and Belgian, Polak and Fin- lander, who followed in the blazed tracks of the early prospectors, realized even less than did the yet earlier French explorers, what mighty questions of commercial polity hung upon their efforts, whilst even their exploiting scientific precursors, who first damned their compasses for too faithful variations, and later woke the echoes of the iron cliffs of Waucedah, with their ultimate shouts of discovery, failed to comprehend in its entirety — as we also at this relatively late date do likewise — the significance attaching to the unlocking of the iron gates of the Menominee. To the men who first wrought and still labor in these "sunless caves," the thanks of the nation are due for their patient and insistent heroism. As for the discoverers, who through a war of conflicting rumors, in the face of great physical privation, and in the absence of all written reports, insti- tuted a mineral inquisition, subpoenaed the testimony of the rocks, and compelled these highlands of diorite to disclose the dark secrets of the ages, does not their compensation exist in the betterment of their fortunes, and the record of their researches, more enduring even than the mineral their efforts brought to light. This inland sea of metallic mountains, these pine-capped pyramids of Huronian rock, within whose subterranean terraces rest immense lenticular masses of hematite and magnetite of unsurpassed purity, remain to-day, practically speaking, a terra well nigh incognita. The richness of its deposits and the peculiar character of its geological conformation, renders its study and its scientific dissection an inviting field for the explorer and the capitalist. Leagues of ferruginous hills still sun their rust-red slopes undisturbed by diamond drill or giant powder. Of the millions of tons of ore in sight, they are, it is estimated, but an infinitesimal fraction of the vast body of 66 per cent, mineral, which underlies its eroded plane. Few days pass by, but new deposits are la Thk. Menomink.k. Iron Ranck. annuunced in localities likely as not previously abandoned, whilst from less prospected places, news of fresh discoveries is constantly joaching the towns. To systematically explore the Menominee Range would occupy an army of experts until the crack of doom, Hitherto it has been but scratched at, an amount of work comparatively equivalent to that of a years labor by a lame chicken on a skating rink. That its thorough examina- tion will be accomplished by the present generation, is an idea not to be entertained for a moment. That it offers extraordinary opportunities to the members of the industrial world is a self evident proposition. The combination of circumstances — ^chiefly as a matter of fact, a combination of conflicting moneyed interests, effecting the producer of the ore, the shipper, and the utilizer of the crude manufacture, ably precipitated by "strikes" — which this current year has witnessed, culminating in a declining market for ore and a consequent decrease in the prophesied production of iron, is a result which has before to-day followed upon similar conditions. This temporary lull in the markets, however, carries no moral with it as far as the question of the world's .iccelerating demand for iron is concerned, it merely carries a warning, to the trader to study more closely those principles of political economy which should govern his business. Iron is all right. It is the kings of finance who want regulating. The per capita consumption of iron in the United States in i88g, calculated on a population of 64,000,000 was 300 pounds, or 8,500,000 tons in all. The product of the country for that year was 7,603,642 tons, a shortage in iron for our own wants of nearly one million tons. If the consumption of iron in the United State ■ alone, continues to increa.se in the same relative ratio to its population, and in corresponding proportion to the per capita increase during the twelve years preceding 1889, then the home consump- tion of iron as estimated by leading statisticians and based upon the simple conditions governing similar forecasts made for previous periods — subsequently verified by facts — will be for the year igoo, instead of seven millions, over fourteen million tons, and these figures are reached without making any allowance for the growing and more general utilization of iron, or any regard for the inevitable development of demand. Were this feature taken into consideration — and surely with our knowledge of the new uses of iron in expanding areas of industry, it is imperatively permissible — fifteen to twenty per cent, might reasonably be added to the sum of this calculation. In order that you can get a good northwestern "cinch" on these figures, I will produce a key by which their reliability may be tested : In 1836 the product of the United States in net tons was 883,137 1867 •■ " " ■• " ■• 1,461,626 1878 " " " '■ " " 2,577,361 1889 •• ■■ " " " " 8,516,068 1890 " " " " " " 10,307,028 INCREASB. 65 per cent. 76 238 21 Thk Mknominek Iron Range. 13 iss prospected systematically ;rack of doom, J equivalent to High examina- mtertained for the industrial ;ombination of ipper, and the ch this current quent decrease followed upon , no moral with IS concerned, it jles of political s the kings of calculated on a product of the vants of nearly le, continues to proportion to lome consump- nple conditions fied by facts — lion tons, and more general id. Were this le new uses of n to twenty per that you can by which their INCREASE. 65 per cent. 76 >38 21 In igoo every known iron producing country of both hemispheres will be canvassed to supply the world's want of, say 50,000,000 tons. In 1889, the consumption of iron throughout the whole globe was placed, in round numbers, at 25,000,000 gross tons, this to meet the demands of 1,400,000,000, of population. If the increase in the con- sumed production of iron in the United States for the fiscal year of iSgo exceeded that of the preceding twelve months by 1,790,960 net tons, an increase of over 20 per cent., it is within quite reasonable bounds to admit the value of the previous statement. The inexhaustible fields of superlative ore which underlie the bold crags of the Menominee, will then be taxed to solve the earth's problem, and her hills will be vocal to the chorus of the pick. A Michigan peninsula which in 1890 produced 8,104,029 tons of iron ore, valued at |!25, 000,000, with eighty-two mines, some only partially developed, others only in the dawn of their development, should with increased facilities— the outcome of wisely invested capital — supply her quota of this compounding demand, a demand which allow- ing 10 per cent, per annum for ten years as additional to the present ratf of consumption —the world over — would permit Menominee, if she held the same relative position to all other iron ore producing districts that she does to-day, to more than double iier output, and this without ta.»ing into consideration the known diminishing production of iron stone in Great Britain and of certain other countries. Neither is it only to assist her in the production of her ore, that tht' Menominee desires aid, but in the no less important matter of the conversion of the raw product into the crude, and the crude into the perfected article. The annual consumption of iron in the Northwestern States conveniently tributary to the Michigan and Wisconsin iron fields — and which later must be supplied direct from the points where the assembl- ing of all the component articles is the cheapest — based upon a 300 per capita allowance for the population, should amount as previously shown to about 1,250,000 tons. Only 225,537 tons of this were produced in Michigan last year. How long is this condition of things going to continue. How long is the Northwest, with the continental centre of population yearly gravitating towards its higher latitudes, going to rest under the imposition of double freights on its raw exports, double in the sense that the "con- verted" material has to pay return freight, after its manipulation by eastern furnace- men. I submit full details on this question of freights vs. fuel, elsewhere. Even the "Solid" South with its inferior ores has to seek Michigan mines for its tithe of true mineral leaven, without which its lean products would be unmarketable for higher purposes. It is not proposed that old established industries should move north, their legitimate territory of occupation needs them, but it is urged that hesitating capital now at rest, should be induced to consider the business features of this presentment of facts, iind thoroughly investigate the opportunities the Menominee offers before throwing out the industrial anchor elsewhere. And this whole subject must be regarded from the H TiiK Menominee Iron Range. broadest trade standpoint. It is no (|uestion of sectional enterprise. I submit it as a commercial pe{; of national import, upon which tlie first shrewd member of the congress of finance, who dares to enter this lobby which leads to the nation's strong-L x, can hang his Cardinals hat. Where are the men who would reap the benefit of this certain development in trade ? if******* If I have aroused in you who read, the faintest interest in the "illimitable possi- bilities" of this northern heritage of metullic wealth, will you bear with me a bit further whilst 1 strive to convince you that I recite nothing but verities, as you follow me into * * * "a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass." WALTER R. NURSEY. Iron Mountain, Mich., Oct. 30, 1891. " Doti t you think you had better come / " submit it as a f the congress rong-L X, can velopnient in rnitable possi- le a bit further 5II0W me into St dig brass." URSEY. Miners En(;ac;ki) in Hand Drim.ino. J. D. CiJULiF ANi) H. Shields. Shakt, Chapin Mink, 1878. — Oi.u Photo. |and botto; kith its al its harves lo the sou fKuint its 1 the summ |[c'et abov( embroider iKiimee lal Btreams is, CHAP'IKK 1. Tl)e Aenominee Reiver Country. . "^ ia«->'-^'^>^-'' The Old and the New. H ROUGH miles of contracted courses, leap the turbulent waters of the ^, Menominee. Leaf^iies of con- diluent liquid highways swell this river's turgid volume. yf Starting from the elevated divide which separates the balancing flood that .seeks egress to Lake Superior, the (iulf of Mexico or Lake Michigan — the Hemlock 'river, the Paint, the Brule and the Michi- gammie in turn, unitedly pour the turmoil of their brown waters into its hungry lap. Througii fastnesses of pine and hemlock, rock and ripple, an arboretum of forest incense, profitably capable of agricultural development, where it opens into savannah ind bottom lands, full of mineral wealth and rich in marketable lumber, this river drains kvith its affluents an area of over 3000 scjuare miles, and at last surrenders its secrets and Its harvest into the broad bosom of majestic Michigan, three hundred meandering miles 10 the southward. Its waters have a history, and little wonder that the red bucks which liaunt its trossachs grow fat and sweet as they champ its succulent vegetation. From liie summit of the water shed on the line of the Marquette and Ontanagon railroad, 1186 jfeet above the mouth of the Menominee, steal the streams, that like silver tentacles Mnbroider the woods, and discharge their boisterous babble into pine hemmed Mich- Igamee lake 220 feet below the crest of the divide. This reservoir of many highland Streams is, however, taxed beyond its capacity and discharges the bulk of its overflow i8 Tmk Mknominkk Iron Ran(;k. into ono chief channel, which by devious ways, and receiving much encouragement from many waywanl brooks in tlie wilderness, conducts the same named water southward td the lirule, when uniting forces, and with joint tributaries, they continue the noisy racf over one right of way until later as they realize their associated im| irtance, and becom' indiscreetly turbulent, they receive a check by nature, tund)le headlong over a graniti bench, and irretrievably mixed, undergo fresh baptism at the hands of the hydrographei and henceforth under the married name of Menominee hurry seaward, finally washing; the golden beaches, or expending their wedded strength on the resonant cliffs of Lak<' Michigan. To get thus far it has had to pass over ledges of titanic granite or through scarped gulches less adamantine, bored out by the persistent efforts of accumulated eras. Under the sond)re shades of forest arches, the home of the predatory wolverine — I refer to thi animal, not the statesman — by lawns of bright beaver meadow or through treacherous muskeg, through a country pregnant with pronounced geological contradictions, whicli disturb the scientist and confound the explorer, its waters wend their obstructed way, and after a succession of endeavors through compressed channels, bearing with it its song of conquest, it penetrates the rim of the wilderness, drowns all opposing barriers in a drench of white foam, and in a series of cataracts, which stand like pillars of alabaster carved out of the green thicket, each one of which exceeds its predecessor in sav ^e beauty, it reaches its downfall, and rests from endeavor as it tells the story ol its wonders to the listening slopes of pastoral Green Bay. The Menominee Range of to-day, that is the iron producing district which bears its name, is practically embraced in the belt of country, which with a varying width of from twelve to twenty-five miles, has its southeastern boundary in township 39 north, range 27 west, and its northwestern boundary at township 43 north, rangt. 35 west. Both of these points are in Michigan. Its course, however, runs through a portion of Florence county, Wisconsin, south of the rivers Menominee and Brule, which successively form, as far as the range is concerned, the dividing line between the two interested states. \ Reference to the map which faces this chapter, will make all matters of local and terri- torial geography clear, and give a correct idea of the erratic distribution of its riparian features. The first mention of the discovery of iron ore in America is credited to Thomas Harriott, the geographer of the second expedition to Virginia, in 1585, and the first shipment of ore followetl twelve years later, when on April 10, 1608, the colony at Jamestown despatched a cargo to England from which seventeen tons of iron were made and sold to the old East India Company at twenty dollars a ton. Upon the attempt of these sime civilizers to construct furnaces, or rather works, in 1622, at Falling Creek sixty-six miles above Jamestown, members of an opposing cult amongst the resident red men there, despatched 347 of their number. In 1844 Michigan undertook to disclose the fact that she could emulate the "land of cotton," for that year Mr. Burts party of surveyors who were at work in the vicinity of the present town site of Negaunee, discovered through the coquetry of their compasses the existence oi the king of metals, and more than verified the discoveries of Dr. Houghton in 1840, who had then declared — his energies however being doubtless all directed towards tie solution of the copper question — that though hematite ore was abundantly disseminated Tick Mknominkk Ikon Ramik. »9 ira^^emeiit from ■r southward tn : the noisy rati :c, and becDni' | over a granitr e hydrographei finally washing t cliffs of Lake lirough scarpef the old Cut em, pe I regions— ' I the Menoi le still liv land Cliarl (if the surv a hnal stai than Chap [the vvavini liii 1832 CO The Menominkk Iron Kance. 23 ;s, and whilst t to study tin jtit writer, "it nerable priest. its primal and rest, an active as Mexico in 72 a map was rable accuracy i described the ar information, a focus and ;i ced operations xander Henry. ,' declaring his ) be cultivated jgion produced neither Captain far away back ) — not Domini, irarat, some of the deluge, set s, and — in the on the inviting builders, soon tern latitudes, 1 — in the shape e early Frencli cimens of free tire northwest. s and varyim; on record tin Lirsors. These to-day. It is —as inheritors loing, that tin it best pleases Iblue hematite, [breakable bni [computations, of authorize! the computi Let me no v relate then the story of to-day, and wliilst I beg your merciful criticism of pen and ink crudities, and modestly advance my own personal conclusions, I desire to challenge refutation of all submitted facts. It may interest our southern industrial rivals to know that the first white man in iijd Menominee county was a negro. He reached the river in company with a Canadian voyageur previous to i 79(1, and before the advent of Chappieu, the Indian trader, who established an out-post for the American Fur Company, about that time. The idea of ;t colored gentleman being on the stockade, fence, or what you will, irritated the extreme sensitiveness of the red skin regulators, who th(Mi infested the shore-lands, anyway there is a "tumuli" on the banks of the Peshtigo river, called "Nigger's Hill." Whether the raising of this mound followed in not unnatural secpience, upon the raising of the Mackman's wool, I offer no opinion; I merely note the circumstance. Thousands of / Chippewas congregated hereabouts at that time, and the rivers and woods swarming with fm bearing animals and game, made barter with Chappieu and his followers inter- esting. His fort strongly palisaded with heavy timbers to resist Indian attack, still existed in the early sixties. Residence of Mr. John T. Jones, Iron Mount.ain. This peddler in pelts, this progressive exponent of that branch of commerce first instituted by that organization of " gentleman adventurers of England " under the name e still living about the Peshtigo river in the state named. In 1822 William Farnsworth iind ('harles Brush, a brace of alleged white men appeared upon the scene. The story Q Th( the yeai half-bre western by the p Spe more the I of ore d( in the cc I ear of F; I to four whispere nierchan Cleveland exceptioi with varj made, an primitive day time. (claimed 1 ready to These dii ' asserts, ' j could not ' Forei j Breitung, I sxploratio ^ i\as unren ^ J'liiipped ' pumen, p |iiformatio awnships CHAPTER II. TI)e Aenominee Iron Kange. Dl.scovcrv ^nd Devetopmcnt. The mountain solitudes of the Menominee, as has already been related, had up to the year 1870, been disturbed only by the raids of the pine cruiser, the canzonet of the half-breed batteaux man, and the metallic clip of the woodman's axe, and the further western exploiting of these rude spirits had been barred solely by the cataracts created by the precipices at Bequinnesec. Speculation without being rife, had yet existed in a passive form in the minds of the more thoughtful of the older settlers, as to the not improbable possibility, of the existence of ore deposits similar to those discovered, and already worked to intermittent advantage in the county of Marquette. So far back as 1866, Indians had poured into the wondering ear of Father Bourion stories of the great fields of iron, that flanked the river only three to four days journey from its mouth, and these travellers' tales had in turn been whispered into the more practically alert ears of Edward Breitung, then a general merchant in the village of Negaunee. On the Superior slope up to 1864 the Jackson, [Cleveland and Lake Superior were the only mines in operation, and they with the [exception of the Jackson, whose hiitory has already been sketched, had been producing Iwith varying degrees of success ever since 1854, with no new discoveries having been Imade, and these, according to Father Bourion, had been worked chiefly in the most Iprimitive way " in open pits, where only few men could labor with advantage, and only in Iday time." These mines " had worked scarcely six years, when captains and miners |claimed that they were nearly exhausted, and the few discouraged settlers were getting ready to abandon the ungrateful field which did not promise anything but starvation." •iThese discouraging reports were not believed by all, for as my friend Pere Bourion |asserts, "there were those amongst the most intelligent part of the community, who :ould not but realize, that in the course of time, new mines would be discovered." Foremost among the limited few who shared in this belief, was the Hon. Edward I^reitung, who — whilst the owners of the existing mines not only refrained from further explorations, but seemed apathetic about the further development of their properties — as unremittingly active in his investigations, always having at hand a band of well- quipped explorers available for the field at any moment. Stirred by the reports of the [tumen, priest and trader studied the map of Michigan, and judging from the meagre Information furnished, if true, concluded that the deposits were located in range 29 or 30, )wnships 40 "or 41. Subsequent discoveries proved the correctness of these surmises. 30 Thk Mknominf.k Iron Ran(;k. At tl\is tmu", however, all ot Mr. Breitung's eiierf^ies were concentrated on tin development of the old Washington (the present Hnnibolt) mine, and in exploring tin spot on which tlie great Republic now stands. In i8()(), Thomas and Hartley lireen, of the town of Menominee, located a "mine' bearing their surname, on section 22, township 39, range 2S. No further explorations however were proceeded with until 1870, when the fee of the property, consisting ol three "forties," having passed into the hands ot the discoverers and Judge Ingalls and S. I'. Saxton, the latter commenced the first active mining operations recorded in tlic region by sinking several test pits and cutting two long trenches across the formation. Tiiis deposit outcropped adjacent to the present railway station at VVaucedah. A lull in operations in 18 o permitted revived attention to be directed Menominer wards and John N. Armstrong, an old woodsman and explorer, was sent to prospect upon the new range, and examine and take up lands for Mr. Breitnng. Acting upon the information thus ac- secured part of sec- range 29. At about C'lrry, anothei ex- river and instituted a suspected mineral, ers it was learned — Whitehead, one of on the range — "that ore was in place but ever likely to come Active operations, in abeyance. The was purely tentative itive, and it was not specimens of the ore of the Hon. Harrison Dr. Nelson V. Hulst. quired, Mr. Breitun^; tion 10, township 39, the same time S. D. plorer, ascended the similar search for the From these adventur so writes Mr. Lew the earliest settlers a banded ferruginous that little good was of it." however, yet remained work of Mr. Saxton and completely prim until 1872, when sonif had reached the hands Ludington, then Gov ': ihc ell [x'ints He or( jH)int uliere, went, i lie disc terizes iiiterpr linanci; left evi ixpert^ .As a r ernor of Wisconsin, and had by him been brought to Milwaukee for purposes ot analysis, and submitted to Dr. Nelson P. Hulst, chemist for the Milwaukee Iron Company, that the business attention of representative iron men was drawn to the mineral resources of the range. The result of this examination proving beyond question the high quality of the product as tested, the company decided to proceed with the thorough exploration of the country, and to this end the services of Dr. Hulst — who was vesttd with plenipotentiary powers — were secured. So with proper regard for the eternal fitness of things, the expert who had put to crucial test the latent virtues of the specimeiib as submitted, was further entrusted with the responsibility of determining the commercial value of the alleged ore beds of the new Menominee. In explanation of the doctor's peculiar qualifications, it might be mentioned that he was a graduate of Yale, and of the class of 1870 of the Scientific School of Mining Engineers. In pursuance of this far-sighted policy on the part of the Milwaukee Iron Company. Mr. Hulst departed for the wilderness in the month of June of the same year, acting under the instructions of Mr. J. J. Hagerman, and Mr. J. H. Van Dyke of Milwaukee, i^aphaej range, consequt attention geograpl In tl — part t explorerj developn on the ra dedicatee related tc "To Ithein by t THK. Ml'.NOMINKF, IkON RaNP.E. 31 trated 011 tin 1 rxploriiiK' tin iteil a "mine' jr explorations y, consisting ol Ige Ingalls and recorded in tin ; the formation, edali. ed Menominei 3nt to prospect Acting upon the i, Mr. Breitun^; o, township 31). ame time S. 1>. r, ascended tin ir search for the I these adventui •rites Mr. Lew earliest settlers uled ferruginous little good was ver, yet remained ! of Mr. Saxton ompletely prim 1872, when sonic leached the hands |ngton, then Gov [for purposes oi iMilwaukee Iron n to the mineral nd question the ith the thorough who was vestfi^l for the eternal ihc chief promoters of the corporation naineil. 1 Ic visited llic itrfi-n location and other puiiils, anil returned to headipiarters fully satislieil with the results of his investigations, lie organized a working i>arty, and in the following October re visited the same objective point with a force of seventy men, sank test pits on the Waucedah property and else- where, and worked west and north to I'elch Mountain, prospecting and exploring as he went, and building supply roads into otherwise inaccessible places. Duritig this period lie discovered the Vulcan mines, where the typical blue soft hematite, which charac- terizes the product of the range, was fotmd in abundance, and was thus employed in interpreting the hieroglyphics of these dull escarpments, until 1H73, when the memorable (inancial panic descended like a bolt out of a clear sky, burked further speculations, and lift everything at a standstill until 1876. At this time every pine cruiser was a mineral expert- in his mind though not one in twenty could tell "trap rock" from "iron ore." As a matter of fact, however, with the exception of Dr. Ilulst, Mr. liuell and Mr. Vui.cAN Hotel. Raphael Pumpelli, there were but one or two other scienrea explorers on the entire range. Reports as to its extraordinary mineral wealth soon came to be circulated, as a consequence of these observations of professional and amateur mineralogists, and the attention of the outside world of iron was soon riveted on the rufous rocks, which, geographically speaking, trended west by north from isolated Waucedah. In these first days of exploration no one played a more important — if less prominent -part than did Mr. Lewis Whitehead, engaged by Dr. Hidst as chief of a party of explorers, and who left Negaunee on the i8th of September, 1872, for the scene of development. In the back parlor of the old fashioned Vulcan Hotel, the first rest house f the specimens a,,,^ ^j^^ range, and a very haven of ease for the weary exploiter — a sketch of which is here thecommerci.il 1 dedicated to all old-timers, and submitted as a memento of early days — Mr. Whitehead of the doctor^^ j I Yale, and of the ^ Iron Company. , ime year, acting ce of Milwaukee, related to the writer, a few weeks since, the tale of his experiences. Mr. Whitehead's Story. "To begin operations," said my host, "I hired twelve men at Negaunee and took them by tug boat from Escr ^iba to Menominee, thence by road up the river for sixty miles, to the property then ' lown as the Breen mine. We arrived there September 23d, 32 TiiK Mknominkk Iron Kanck. aiul louiul a camp already prepared, lar^i' enough to acioiiiiiKidate twenty iiiuii. ()t the few pits sunk at that time one was in iuown hematite. On Ni)Vemi)t;r ist, wc; ceased our exph>rations for a time, h-avinp; a sliowinj; of hrown hematite one hundred (eel wiiU> luirtli and south, aitliouj^h tlic pits ('xposed jas|)er anti its between sections i) and 10, showinn blue hematite. On Octol)er 15th, 1 marked a tree near the pres(!nt Vulcan depot, and bej^an the erection of cam])s for forty men. At the sahie time a supply ronJ was cut to the Hreen mine, t)ver which the men were brout^ht to lireitung, as the camp was then 1 called. A road was also Sturgeon river, the New to my surprise I found to the Menominee River who was in charge, had his Across the river in VVis- had commenced a clearing, woman, and was engaged now brought direct from and an extensive explora- along the range. Portions township 39, range 29, were drifts. In mining, the old with black powder, was shores of Green Baj'. Gly- was little used at that time, i-^ A/j*' Mr. Lew Wiuteiieaii. cut to the mouth of the York farm of to-day where a logging camp belonging Lumber Co. Mr. Rice, wife and family with him, consin, Mr. I'at Mullins He had married an Indian in trading. Supplies were Menominee to Preitung, tion for ore could be begmi of sections 6, 9, 10 and 11, explored by pits, shafts and clay bar used for wet holes, hauled by team from the cerine in its liquid state and Giant powder was not 1 well known. The pits and trenches near the line of sections 9 and 10, soon showed a blue ore 57 feet deep, 70 feet wide and 155 feet in length, which was estimated at about one-third rock, or 41,230 tons of ore in sight. This deposit was afterwards called the Vulcan. Our supplies at this time, together with the mail and the doctor, came from the mouth of the Menominee River. Seven days were allowed the teams to make the round trip. On January ist, 1873, our buildings consisted of a dining camp, sleepin;; shanty, smith shop, supply shed, and a ten by twelve foot office, built of logs ami situated in the midst of dense forest and swamp, from which issued swarms of torment- ing flies. The camp was covered with "shakes" — cedar slabs four feet long, and as wide as the cut would permit — and caulked with moss. The Indians supplied us witli 3 plenty of venison and the wolves with music. In March of 1873, a saw mill was erected with a four-foot circular and a capacitj' of 10,000 feet per day, and here was cut the lumber used in the first frame structure built upon the range. This building was used I as a store and office. The mill sawed in all about 100,000 feet. This same month trains were running between Menominee and Escanaba." TIh! Mk.nominI'.k Ikon Hancik. n ' men. C)t tin I St, we ceasi'tl ; hundred feet , nlon^ the l)oli icl> hnt' of thi y from Towers tructed, but thi ijjinally visited antl liad done md lo, sliowin^ lean depot, and rn:>.d was cut tn camp was then moiith of tlif of to-day where :amp belonging ;n. Mr. Kici', iimily with him. r. Tat Mullins arried an Indian Supplies wer(! 3 to Treitun;(, could be begun 6, 9, lo and 1 1, pits, shafts and d for wet holes, team from the ts liquid state powder was not soon showed a mated at about ards called the ctor, came from ms to make the camp, sleepin^; ilt of logs and rms of tormeni- et long, and as upplied us with nill was erected ere was cut the ilding was used is same month At this time Mr. Whitehead brought his wiff and family to shart! his fortunes in the wiitlerness, making Mrs. Whitehcail and Mrs. Kice, who was settled at the nunjth itf the Sturgeon river, the two pioneer white women ot the iron rang*-. ("ontinuing, said Mr. Whittdiead, "The siMumer of 1H73 was spent on tnany s(( lions of the rang(!. (iroups of iin'ii in parties of from live to ten wert; sent out. Mr. Clark Koland was foninan at Section 10, whih- Mr. Daniel Hundy was assistan' fxplorer, and divided his time cither with Dr. Iliilst or myself in running strttion lines, taking to|)ogra|)hy, or locating camps. In the same year a wagon road was surveyed and ( ut out to I'elc.h Mountain, section 22, township .\2, range 2H, now known as M etropolitan. This road was called the iron Koad. its length from Vulcan to Mtitro- politan was 23 miles, and its cost to the Milwank«'e Iron Co. was #1,300. Camps w«:re put in, and in the fall of 1^73, i\ s/ii/>/>///i;^ ore uuis Jounii. Iron Mountain or the Lnilington Mine property was t«'sted by Dr. Ilnlst the early part of this wintcir, but a banded ore only was found. (It might be well to, 000 acres in all. Of these lands it is hardly possible to ae.(iuire any by purchase. The usual practice now, is to permit exploration, std)ject to "option," which gives the right to erect camps, use timber, and sink shafts and test-pits, wherever desired, conditionally upon the employment of a given number of men, with option of lease after a certain anioimt of ore has been developed. This U^ase carries the tax of a royalty, of from 25 to 50 cents per ton, according to the degree of excellence, of all ore mineil, with the proviso that the lessee shall pay royalty on 10,000 ton of ore per anniiiu, whether the amoimt is mined or not. The woods are full of explorers and an immense simi is annually paid out on explorations, the results of which are usually kept a profound secret. The ores of the range are nearly all hematite, varying much in appearance and grade, ranging — to quote Mine Inspector J. B. Knight — " from the softest blue ore of B>essemer grade to a hard ore, having almost the aspect of a specidar, and containing a high percentage of phosphorus. As might be expected from an ore formation, varying so much in width and subject to so many changes of topography, the trends of the ore bodies are far from uniform. It is, however, conceded that the range is boimded on the south by the Huronian granite and on the north and east by the Laurentian rocks. North of the Laurentian rocks, and west, may be found the Huronian rocks. The trend of the ore beds is not uniform, neither is their dip or pitch. For instance, that of the Chapin at Iron Motmtain being to the north at about 75 degrees, and that of the West Vulcan to the south at 70 degrees, whilst at some of the more shallow mines the question of ultimate dip is yet undecided, because of the rolling tendencies of the ore bodies." It is a difficult matter, 1 know, to inspire enthusiasm amongst non-scientific persons, for a subject necessarily so dry a one as this, and sooner than jeopardize the feeble grip that I may have upon the man who may have been tempted to glance at these typo- graphically pretty pages of antique primer, I have adhered to an original resolve not to kill him right off with a string of "ologies and zoics." Whilst anxious to keep you "in touch" with the subject in hand, I can measurably sympathize with the average man's quite forgivable distaste for the jaw breaking lingo of science. Indeed, I am largely of the same way of thinking myself, for as a matter of fact I am somewhat in the same position as La Fontaine, who, in presenting his compilations to the public called it a " nosegay of culled flowers, with nothing of his own but the string that tied them." Our positions in this respect are identical, save with one important exception, for 36 TiiK Mi'NoMiNK.i'; Iron Ranc.k. whilst lu; offt-rcil " fal)!i 1 prcsiMit "facts." If thru yon will hut hear with mc, whilst 1 liro at yt)ii some of those haiil, imconiproinisinf; facts luicessary to an inlelli^,'(!iit under standiuf; of the wouileis of iiivitiuf^ Menouiiiu'c, 1 will ])roi\iise you a more teni;)tiuj.', |>rof;ramuu' of " uueiiualled attractions " later on. Mr. t'harles 1). Lawton, State Coinmissioni'r of Mineral Statistics for MichiKau, and an iudisputahle authority, thus refers in his last annual report to this same range ol metalliferous nunintains: rill- m'lii'r.il licnil of tlic formations of tlio iron in, I'lorenre, etc., tin; trend is east and wt^st The general dip of the formation is to the north, hut of course this is loially modilied hy the folding of tin- formation. A ni.itler that lias not heen clearly made out yet, is the fact that in tlit; e.ist end of tin- Menominee Kan^c, to the west heyond Keel Kid^e, the dij) is to the south, and a very pronunent hlulT ol limestone forms the footwall of the ore, that is, th<" ore is ahove it. At Iron Mountain, however, at tlu' t'hapin. I.uilin,L;ton, etc , mines, the dip of the formation is to the north .ind the limestone is in the han^^ini; w.dl of the ore. 'I'luMe is no chan,i;e in tin- rocks. Tlie slates and limestone are identical ; tlit; dip is reversed. 'I'lie rocks in which the ore incurs, hoth at Iron Mountain and further east at the Vulcan, is .i soft, fri.ihle, hiack arj^illite that crumhies and disintegrates on exposure, and which, low in the mini-, h.is no sustaining power. 'l"he drifts, whether in foot or lianging wall, rrumhle and crush down so as to soon liecome im|iassahle. I'urther west, at Crystal I'alls, the j.isper ferruginous schists in which the ore is foiiiul, are tirni and generally make .i good roof to the mine. In the mines ahout Crystal h'alls ont; sees large rooms where the ore has heen removed. Mr, J. T. Jones, Superintendent of the Haiuilton Ore Company, and who has made a study of the subject, is of the opinion that " the formation at Iron Mountain is the "south hratich of the fold, which dips north, and comes up with a southerly dip nortii "of Lake Antoine, where the lime stotie, etc., appear dipping south." Mr. n. C. navies, the well known expert, in his treatise on "Minerals and Mining" (iSSi)), in descrihing the iron o:e of Micliii;,,n. refers to the deposits as " occurring in a vast succession of thin heds in slatv and hornhlendic rocks. Phese ferruginous slates stand out as successive clilTs of from 50 to 151 feet high, and really seem mountains of iron ore. The halt extends a length of ahout 150 miles. Tlif highly ferruginous deposits are not continuous over the whole of this length, hut occur at intervals in area--, extending from a few hundred yards to over a mile long. The deposits consist of peroxide of iron, mixoi with silicious matter. They occur as thin alternating heds, the iron at times consolidating and formiii.; beds of great thickness. These heds are traversed l>y joints that cut the ore into square talocks. In one mine the deposit shows the varieties of structure enumerated, having in the center the laminate' structure, and passing on each side, into coinpact ore of great purity. In its purest state the ore is a com pact specular ore, having profusely disseminated through it crystals of magnetic oxide. Soine of the dep ).-its are made up of thin hands, not exceeding a (luarier of an inch in thickness, of pure tine-grained p- ro.x.'e of iron, and jaspery ore. On one location the deposit is 1,000 feet ihick and one mile in lengtli, and the supply of iron ore here alime is sutricient, it is said, for the want", of the world for ages! The average percentage of iron is from Oo to 70, and the ore contains hardly a trace of sulphur, phosphorou or titanic acid." The iron ores of Norway and Sweden are popularly supposed to be the purest in the world. Analyses made from 2(S ilistricts, however, show ores ranging from 30 to 71 per cent, of iron, tlie working average being 50 per cent, only; and though low as a rule in phosphorous, reaching in the case of the celebrated Danemora mines 1.62 as a maximum, they suffer, as indeed do all the ores of the world when placed in comparison "Th Major Br is demon tlie greal and con; east end often bol gives a s strikingly Now relative tc has reveal of other U 1 Thk Mknominkk IkoN Han(;k.. 37 Michij^an, and same raiif^c ot illy thi;n! is «rp.ii Mid is north rini nine and south :ii is tsist and west the folditiK "f tlu' '. cast end of tlir ironiincnt l)liill ol 1, liowevt-r, at tiw • is in the hangini; ntical ; the ilip is It the N'ulcan, is a in tlu! mini', lias lown so as to soon h tlu! ore is found. alls one sees lar^i' wlio has made iDimtain is the icrly dip north I inin^; " (i8S.)), in ;si>f the belt of crude steel which 38 The Menominef. Iron Range. these table lands of the north. lis, that within the in inland gulf stream of mi black depths of its chrystalized flood, bears a fruit of the earth to which — industrially speaking — ^even gold is but refuse, and silver dross. But neither you nor I have the time, neither does the necessity exist to verify truth. The authorities I have quoted are unimpeachable. An encjuiring world can accept them in their entirety. If they have any fault it rests in the fact that in them, like Sam Weller's correspondence, the salient points are not brought out " strong enough." However, the gauntlet such as it is, is thrown down. Menominee, physically paramount, industvially unapproachable, challenges the world. Where are the kings of capital and princes of labor, who will pry open the bars of the visor of its iron mask? Those who swelter under the burning shadows of the southern cross are asked to remember that the very firmament itself — embodiment of unalterable prmciples — has hung a magnetic fixed star in these nebulous wastes of northern skyJom, which with unswerving fidelity to its trust, has for the long centuries since the creation been beckoning the iron master, and guiding the explorer to its metallic footstool- the swart ranges of the Menominee — over whose red fields of buried treasure, it hangs, an undimmed harbinger of hope. ******** Now, besides the veterans referred to, there were other mineral missionaries in the field, for on May lo, 1871, "a man from Menasha," Wisconsin, reached the ranges. He had passeu uve lustrums of years in exploratory pursuits, and v.'as steeped in prac tical mineralogy. Specimens of iron ore had been brought to the land office of his town by timber-men, and he started out to verify their statement, that they had "picked them off the ledges." Township 40, range 18, on the Wisconsin side of the Menominee, was scoured b} ore hunters, and on the 23d of OctobeiT, 1873, whilst idly striking the ground wivh a pick, Mr. H. D. Fisher discovered what is now known as the celebrated Florence Mine, on the north i4 of southeast }( of section 20. A little "stripping" w.^s promptly done, rare indications were developed and five days afterwards the lucky explorer returned to Menasha, and deposited sufficient cash at the land office, to effect the purchase of "six forties" of gover irnent "wild realty" at $1.25 an acre. For six years, however, but little development followed, absence of shipping facilities forbade any great outlay, and up to 1879, $1,676 only had been paid out on work and material. With that year, how ever, came trade salvation, in the shape of Messrs. Van Dyke and Hagerman — the badger and the wolverine, industry and courage — who purchased a three-fourths interest, prosecuted development, arranged for railway extension, and in delicate acknowledgment of Dr. Hulst's "good works," called the new venture "Florence," in honor of a prom 1 nent member of the explorer's family. The fall of the following year, 14,000 tons ct ore were shipped by rail to Esuanaba. The iron stone panned out 60 per cent, of met;rl and carried from 150 to .0200 of phosphorous. A first class non-Bessemer ore. would add that it cost Si. 25 per ton by railway to Bay de Noc, staggered under a 60 ct. per ton royalty, and sold for six dollars on arrival at Cleveland, I must, however, har back if I have any regard for synchronism. In 1877 the Menominee Mining Co., which had purchased the leases of the Milwaukee Iron Co., and of which new company Dr. Hulst v 3 a member, renewed I now th The Menominf.e Iron Ranoe. 39 iiat within the I — industrially lor I have the ive quoted are If they have ce, the salient ee, physically | re the kings of iron mask? ss are asked to )rinciples — has itn, which with I creation been :ool- the swart it hangs, an lionaries in the ed the ranges, teeped in prac ffice of his town i "picked them ^as scoured by ^ frour.d ^vivh a Florence Mine, promptly done, )rer returned to rchase of "six s, however, but eat outlay, and that year, how lagerman — the fourths interest, cknowledgmeiit jnor of a promi , 14,000 tons (if r cent, of met;;! ssemer ore. 1 i under a 60 ct. however, har > leases of the jmber, renewed operations at the Vulcan, which had been interrupted by the causes previously written of. The doctor was again in harness, and in evidence of his realism, may be recorded licre, the discovery of the celebrated Chapin mine at Iron Moimtain, where in 1H78 the first shaft was sunk — a continuation of a test pit — when at a depth of between 60 and 70 feet ore was first disclosed. In 1880 the first shipments of ore from this bonanza amounted to 34,556 tons. In i8go these shipments had increased to 742,843 long tons, and .;c yet they have not even penetrated the rind. From now on the movements of expert geologists were watched, and every man capable of striking a hammer or wielding a pick became a prospector, and new "chums" whose names are now hoissehold words, and whose every ment'on is synonymous with the Menominee, appeared upon the scene in pursuit of the almighty dollar. Meanwhile our friend at the Vulcan hotel was humming along, hoeing his row, to the satisfaction of iiis employers and presumably of himself. "You cee, partner," said "^Ir. Whitehead, picking up the thread of the dropped warp, "in March, 1877, the Menominee Mining Co. engage^ ne to overlook their opera- tions. The Menominee River Railway was again under construction, and ' getting in its work,' for a gravel train at Waucedah, on the loth of July killed its first man." In the mines open work was proceeded with. On the 2d of September, 1877^ a shipment of 25 carloads was made from the Breen Mine, of which Geiome Schwartz — Mr. Schwartz is now president of the village Board of Crystal Falls — was captain. The old Breitung, now the Vulcan, became headquarters, and the monarchs of the forest, in obedience to the drum head court martial of the axeman, were guillotined on requisition of the miners, for use in docks, pockets a'ld dwellings. The experiences, history and daily routine of all these new mining claims were, of course, greatly similar; a description of one is applicable to all^ hence my lingering over details. About this time 4,021 tons of ore were shipped from West Vulcan. On the 12th of September the first carload of freight, consisting of hay, bar iron, etc., backed into Vulcan. This same day Dr. Hulst entered upon his duties as agent in residence of all the interests of the Menominee Mining Co., Lew Whitehead, captain at Vulcan, A. C. Brown, purchasing agent, Henry Fisk, book-keeper, and Dr. Belknap, physician. The first school meeting on the ranpe was held in a logging camp, between the Vulcan and the mouth of the Sturgeon. Miss Reath was appointed teacher and "school was kept" within the camp, the dark forest being the playground, and the stately fir trees the bounds. Generations come ai d go; history repeats itself ; the dramas and tragedies of life are enacted, as they were fifty years since, with the difference that the thirst for knowledge — on which, rightlj- or wrongly, is supposed to depend the acquisition of wealth^surpasses all other desir;,s, and the ambition to "learn" is not confined to the courts of the world, but stir,s the tent-dwellers of the wilderness. In 1878 the Breen Mine was closed down and vacated. In May of the same year Mr. Curnow, of Milwaukee, took charge of the Quinnesec Mine, and the place commenced to boom as a mining town, and as the terminus of rail- road construction. In August of the same year, the Norway Mine, section 5, township 39, range 29, was opened up by the Menominee Mining Co., the explorations hiving been carried on by John N. Armstrong. The Cyclops was also opened up in 1878, as was the old "Saginaw, section 4 mine," later known as the Perkins — township 39, range 29 — re-christened in 1879, in honor of Captain John Perkins, the new superin- nntttmrnlm A.O The Menominkf. Iron Range. tendent. The first giant powder used on the range was utilized in blasting the bed of the Sturgeon River in 1878. In the fall of this year, Mr. Whitehead formally threw open the Vulcan Hotel, and in graceful recognition of these amenities of life and in demonstration of the laws of " accelerating demand," Mrs. Patrick McCarty in February introduced the first white girl baby born on the range, whilst Mrs. Whitehead, in equal recognition of the responsibilities of her position, and in kind obedience to an unwritten but unanimous mining wish, in the ensuing April the 7th, followed up the lead with a baby boy. Thus did the "Luck of Roaring Camp" find its prototypes on the banks of the wild Menominee. The fever for work was not confined to the vicinity of the Sturgeon or to the State of Michigan, for away to the west and north within sound of the turmoil of the brawling Brule in Wisconsin, Mr. Fisher continued to prosecute his explorations. From 1871 to 1879 he, to use his own colloquialism, " stayed with it." Impressed with the conviction that the supporting girders of the earth were iron, he stood firm in his faith, and by First National Bank, Iron Mountain. patient perseverance, finally exacted the toll which persistence merited. For four long years he exploited the country which lay in the uneven basin of the Pine and Brule Rivers. Neither coal nor even gold was possible. Iron and iron only was the lode-star of his hopes. In April of 1876, exploring was commenced on section 34, township 40, range 18, for Tuttle and Harvey of Cleveland, O., and on May i6th ore was discovered, and declared by Prof. Chas. E. W^right, Major Brooks and Prof. Pumpelli to be one of the most promising finds on the Upper Peninsula. This mine is the Commonwealth of to-day. Later explorations by Mr. Otto Davidson have disclosed a large body of ore on the south-east }^ of section 34, the Badger mine, a most important discovery. In 1889, Mr. Fisher also discovered the Armenia, two miles from Crystal Falls, the result of personal research. The years 1878, '79, '80, '81 and '82 succeeded each other as periods teeming with extraordinary incident in ihe history of mineral development in the region already described as the Menominee Iron Range. Men of every degree of experience hastened to join the restless eager throng hurrying to the land of hematite. The story of the The Menominee Iron Range. 4» :g the bed of rmally threw jf life and in ' in February ;ad, in equal an unwritten lead with a the banks of r to the State the brawling From 1 87 1 to he conviction faith, and by inininierable discoverit-s, and the wundtjifiil quality of the ore unearthed soon became noised abroad, and every day witnessed the advent of miners, laborers, camp followers, and a leaven of shrewd business men. Quinnesec was the objective point, but tales of richer deposits further inland induced many a one to abandon a visible El Dorado, for ;.n unvisited Golconda. Some with but little means, some with less, a few with a knowledge gained of books, others with facts learned of experience, all full of hope, and none dismayed, this oddly assorted, army of humans of divers tongues, and diverse nationalities boldly plunged into the uninviting jungle that draped the mountain palisades, each secure in the belief that "he himself" was fated to strike it rich. In 1879, Mr. John R. Wood, now President of the First National Bank of Iron Mountain, discovered the Cornell mine, of which he became manager, and at about the same time the Traders, the Canadian, Curry, Garfield, Hecla, Hancock, Illinois, Indianna, Keelridge, Stephenson, Sturgeon River and others were developed with varying degrees of success, the success of the enterprises depending almost entirely on the amount of capital available for purposes of complete exploration. Iron Mountain, Florence, and later on Iron River and Crystal Falls, became in turn the scene of more extensive operations, and from isolated mining camps, arose the prosperous towns and thriving villages which now compete in friendly rivalry for the supremacy of the Menominee. In 1877, the range with one mine in operation shipped 4,563 tons of ore. In i8go, with thirty-two mines in operation, it shipped 2,282,237 tons of ore. You have been shown what it has done, you have been told what it is doing. Again bear with me still further, whilst I reveal its actual condition of to-day, and cast with your permission a horoscope of its future. For four long ine and Brule s the lode-star , township 40, as discovered, li to be one of monwealth of body of ore on ery. In 1889, I, the result of n '^ ^-'Vv'h^ •a. — s teeming with region already ience hastened le story of the- tiililMiili "i'liiiii" CHAPTKR III. Tl)e Ore and tl)e Iron of tl)e Aenominee. Comparative and Affirmative. ^ i If the chronicles of Moses are worthy of credence — and I dare not dispute them — Tubal-Cain, a son of Zillah, who was a daughter of the original family who led the fashions in the land of Nod, 4,003 years before the birth of our Saviour, was the "first instructor of all artificers in iron." These good people, however, could hardly be called an industrially progressive lot, for though they were addicted to the manufacture of tin trumpets and that sort of thing, it was left to Og, the king of Bashan, "remnant of giants," 2,552 years afterwards, to apply the manufactured product of hematite to any domestically economic purpose. "Behold," says the book of Deuteronomy, "his bedstead was a bedstead of iron." It is but fair to mention here though, in justice to the men of Canaan, that Joshua, with wholesome regard for his enemy's "chariots of iron," had drawn attention to their exis- tence when urging Israel to battle, which was ten years before the Bashan bruiser decided to invest in an iron bedstead. Fifty-five years before Christ the ancient Britons exported iron to the continent of Europe in their own ships. Sixteen hundred and seventy-seven years afterwards, if the red men of Virginia had not scalped the manufacturers, America would have shipped to England home-made pig-iron from her own furnaces on the James River. So much for its ancient uses and abuses, but do you know technically what iron is? At Yale College there is, or was, a meteorite which fell in Texas. It weighs about 1,500 pounds. It contains 92 per cent, iron and 8 per cent, nickel. This is native iron. There are several natural combinations of iron, but, we of the Menominee Range take little interest but in one, namely, that composed of iron and oxygen, and of this only the following varieties have any material significance: 1. Magnktite. — Magnetic Iron: Chemical composition, iron 72.4, and oxygen 27.6. 2. Specular Iron Ore. — Hematite: Chemical composition, iron 70.03, and oxygen 29.97, color ranging from deep red in earthy ores, to iron black and steel grey in the purer varieties. Variations of this are numerous, all more or less valuabic, including Red Hematite, Specular Iron, etc. Brown Iron Ore. — Limonite: Chemical composition, iron 60.0, oxygen 25.6, and water 14.4, varied by silica, alumina, or phosphoric acid. A valuable and abundant ore of iron. Its varieties are: Bog Iron Ore, Brown Hematite, etc. In 1890 the total production of iron ores in the United States was in round numbers 17,300,000 tons. Of this the nine iron ore producing states of the South furnished idHHHH 44 Thi; Mf.nominee Iron Range. 2,917,529 tons only; the superior iron fields of Michigan and Wisconsin, supplyiiii, ^ more than one-half of the whole output, namely 9,003,701 tons, of which again the Menominee Range contrihuted 2,282,237, or within a fraction of one-seventh of thr entire year's product, or only 600,000 tons less than did the nine iron ore producing; states of the South combined! This, however, is a mere statement of facts, and thougli interesting as such, conveys little import as a statistical comparison, unless we search for the lesson it conveys. You ask, "What is the lesson?" I will show you. For u year or two past the commercial world has l>een bombarded with printed descriptions of the alleged unexampled development of the mineral resources of the South. Is it not about time for the Menominee — the banner iron range of Superior — to challenge these assertions by a presentation of fact ? Statements imcontradicted. like the conditions consequent upon unenforced statutes, sooner or later are recognized as law. Let me hasten to codify then the law of facts. In 1880, the joint States of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, Texas, and the two Virginias — I quote from a paper on "Southern Industries" which appeared in a lecent nurnber of the Manufacturers' Record, over the signature of Major R. P. Porter, superintendent of Census — unitedly produced 754,6i4tons of iron ore. In 1890, or ten years after, their output was, as so stated, but 2,917,529, or an increase in ten years of about 388 per cent. only. What was the Menominee Range — the unknown region, on the ragged edge of the ultima thule of trade limits — doing in the meantime. Asleep? No! In 1880, though her output of iron ore was only 524,735 tons, or but little more than ttvo-thirds of that of the nine ore producing states \ of the South, her annual output ten years afterwards — gradually increasing with the diminishing decade — had reached in 1890, 2,282,237 tons, an increase of 430 per cent., ] as against the 388 per cent, of increase acquired by the nine unparalleled, but " musing" southern ranges in the same period. And not alone this. In 1890, seven of these states, — I omit Maryland and Texas^ — had in forty cities (counting only those of over 8,000 inhabitants each) an aggregate urban population of 1,105,390 souls, representing a little less than 2^i tons of ore, of her per caput town inhabitants, whilst remote Menominee with its unfledged industries, and its new made population, rus et urbs, aggregating all told only 25,000 people, turned out over 91 tons per head of its total inhabitants, 01 based on its urban population, over 150 tons per capita. In which of these — to each other somewhat antipodal places — would you, possible capitalist, prefer to invest your funds^ and you skilled artizan, prefer to cast your lot from an iron ore industrial standpoint? Within the heated boundaries of nine southern states, the joint scattered area of which exceeds 577,000 square miles with a city popu- lation of over 1,100,000 and a yearly ore production of ly'i tons ^. er head only, or in a more temperate district whose area is 2,000 square miles, whose city, town and villaj^e population is as yet but 15,000, but whose output of ore, from its centralized ranges, actually allows over gi tons per capita for its civic and rural population both includel. and is the base of future supply of iron for all of the expanding territory included in the | entire group of states ^Jorth and west of its own line of latitude. Which of these latitudes think you presents the most attractive field for commercial opportunity? The one whose "land development" companies have of recent years so "boomed an unnatural industrial maturity, that it is already experiencing the reaction born of .1 Thk Mknominek Iron Range. 4S plclliora of factories and a ^lutteil luarkct, or a country whicli, whilst its resources are prartically inexhaustible offers an open field for the establishment of industries, and is .till waiting to extend a valuable welcome to its first trade trespasser. A Baltimore trade paper is authority for the statement that on the line of the Norfolk ,111(1 Western Railway in Virf.(iniH there were, last year, completed or under contract I _' |)iast furnaces, 8 rolling mills, 38 foundries, 85 wood working establishments, 43 iron mines, 2,600 coke ovens and 151 other industries. I venture to predict that within five years from now this southern industrial inflation, will, in obedience to the inexorable law of supply and demand, have reached its true commercial apogee, and that a substantial per centum of its present redundant mdustries, will like the " Birnam woods," be marching in hot haste to the more inviting trade sanctuary presented by the solid Menominee. Referring to this phase of over production this is what Mining and Engineering recently had to say upon the subject: The fundamental cause of the existing situation has been the competition of the southern furnaces. A large number of these, erected solely to form the nucleus of a town site boom,*^ having fallen into difficulty during the tinancial stringency of the past months, have been pouring iron into northern markets at almost any price, in order to raise money to meet their obligations. There is no competition as severe as that of a bankrupt concern, and some of the southern furnaces are certainly not strong financially. This chapter was commenced with a reference to the iron bearing ores of the Menominee. The class of its ores have been described to you, I submit on page 46 as an instructive study a table showing in detail the yearly annua! outpuf. of all its Mines, since its creation as an active range, deducing obvious inferences. I will then show, 1st the multiple uses to which iron can be applied; 2d, the inev' ..ability of the world's acceler- ating demand for iron; 3d, a personal introduction to the shafts and levels from whenc:- this raw staple of atructuial advancement is obtained, later on referring to certain mines separately, and finally drawing your attention to the opportunities which the Menominee presents for the manufacture of the crude metal and the establishment of cognate industries. In order to further demonstrate that not only is the Menominee without parallel as regards the mines operated by our neighbors to the south, but that it has eclipsed with its production the output of the oldest — and' until recently the best known — iron range of America, its twin brother, the Marquette Range of Lake Superior, the following figures obtained from official sources will prcc. In the similar period already given in the preceding case of the Menominee — viz: thirteen years — the Marquette Range with a string of 82 mines, operating as one mine for 503 years, or 503 mines for one year, produced 22,0^8,990 tons, or at the rate of less than 44,000 tons per mine each, per year, as against the 50,000 odd tons similarly produced by bountiful Menominee. Now this is true. What are you going to do about it? Don't you think some of this ore is worth retaining at its cradle — -worth detention by a manufacturer's capias — at Norway, Iron Mountain, Florence, Crystal Falls or Iron River? Think it over, whilst I point out the superlative qualities of the Menominee product. *The italics are mine. — W, R. N. Thk Menominkf, Iro Rangk. iff In a special circular which 1 atUlrcsscd to Met. it;c tiiinu owners, the t()lh)win^ I icstions among others were asked: No iS How do the ores of the southern states compare witli those of the Menominee HnnRe? What r. V our explanation of the statement current in some nuartcrs tliat the ores of the tnines of Virginia, \l ihama, etc., are gradually occupying; tht; marktUs, to the j^rowinj,' exclusion of the Michigan proihict? No K). If under present conditions they are competitors to be feared, in what particular do they jiosst'ss an advantage. If not in possession of superior ore, a ?olution of the question must be sought either III the matter of royalties, labor, or transportation I seek an expression of opinion from you, and a ^^l^;^; The ore at Birmingham, Ala., contains 40 per cent, of iron and the pig 0.6 per ceii: phosphorous. The local ores of Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey are al all lost all phusplioretic, much of which has to be washed. Mr. Jeremian Head, 11 expert who recently visited the southern iron fields has this to say upon the inattti "Almost all of this erratically distributed ore is phosphoretic. What they are going do with all the phosphoretic pig which is about to be made I cannot tell. They an putting up foundries and pipe works and so on, but without the Basic process to enabk] them to turn some of it into steel, I cannot see where they are going to dispose of it. looks in many cases as though the blast furnace plants had been put down to enabls them to seU town /ois." Upon an analysis of some figures at my elbow, I find that in F'ebruary last out of furnaces in Virginia, Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina, 3 were out of blast. The Menominee invites the idle manufacturer to illumine with his fu: nace lights its hills, pregnant with trade possibilities and which are waiting to be arouse into a sense of their industrial responsibilities. i The growing uses for which iron and steel have been considered to be applical! i have now passed out of the realms of fancy into the region of accepted fact. Fossil' I ities which but a few years since were regarded as remotely contingent are ni | substantially present realities. Iron to-day, literally, enters into our very souls. F architectural purposes iron and steel have supplanted wood almost entirely, li telegraph and electric wire poles, rods and girders, and construction work of eve: description, the king of metals is employed. The demand for steel plates and forgin. ■ •/ llie list al .1 MHIS ' ;inia I - res of fiiiial . liner. ist tilt [11 iistnl. ill', and III ll SO( laiiimate verthrowi uii; from hich pro] is phenomenal. There are at present seven companies which control the steel trade : hich wall the United States. Their annual capacity for rail making is about 2,600,000 tons. L;i year the Illinois Steel Co., of Chicago, the most extensive concern in the countr purchased during the year, 3,642,660 tons of iron ore. It employed 9;648 men per d during the year, and paid out in salaries and wages ;S!6,893,4i6. It drew a deep draug: on the Menominee. In Chicago alone, the world's fair and its consequent constru( tu of sky scraping buildings, will necessitate an additional supply of steel. Modern scicn 3 ng and 01 is the science of steel. Professor Brickmore estimates the annual consumption of sleepe meaking — I, of course, refer to railway ties — at 85,000,000. Another authority states thatUaleable ir )heres — t steel. Ii ephant's About ewhall w rt of the iiulustriej Mciiomiiioe Kiinj;? me result. '*Tli»| tains .6 per rcn; isic steel furnaro example, whicli in North Carotin,; lie ore is siliceoih le pig 0.6 per ceir ' :w Jersey are i\h eremian Head, a; upon the matte t they are going t lot tell. They ai ic process to enaK ;o dispose of it. ! )ut down to enali ruary last out of t North Carolina, ] umine with his fu: liting to be arouse 1 to be applicable ed fact. Posbik ontingent are ik r very souls. 1 lost entirely, li ion work of evi: slates and forgiii; il the steel trade lOOjOOO tons. Li rn in the counti 9.648 men per d< ew a deep draui: jquent constrm tu Modern scidi mption of sleepe jrity states that TnK Mknominkk Ikon RANr.F,. 40 ., (liiTe were 516,000, oocj of thi'se on our 1 ailways. The averaur life of an oak tie> i;,t about fight years in tlie Northwest, is but llirec years in the Si)utiiern stales. .\s I must sooner or later supplant the use of wood- I mention this to enc nura^e niv M^inia friends- their phospiioric pit; may after all, find its Icvil in tits. On lln' lit, .res of the Pacific coast I have seen w«)oden piles rendered useless in si.\ months frotii IIm fanatic zeal of the teredo worm, the submerged columns perforated, like a tin III, liner. Already iron piles have been subjecteil to a process which enables them to [. ist the rust of salt water. Ten years from now in certain localities nothing else will L used. The iron fever will become practicably endemic. Whilst beef, extract of henia- litc. and wine may not enable you to resist all the ills that llcsh is heir to, llic steel slu-ll tliuh sooner or— I trust— later may envelope your remains, will doubtless preserve your The Dunn Mink. — Crvstai, Falls Distp.ict. lanimate ashes until the last trump. All in steel. From the electric dispatch which iTerthrows dynasties to the brads in your boots; from the baby's safety-pin to the Krupp in; from the blade which drips in conquest over your landlady's beefsteak, to the blade [liich propels the cruisers of destruction, or shears your cheek; from the locomotive Jliich waltzes off with the amazed bride, or bears the argosys of wealth from remote )heres — to the flexible corsets which embrace the sweetest women in the world, all are steel. In its multifarious uses, steel can be compared on grounds of adaptability to an |ephant's trunk. About 1,500 tons of iron wire is yearly manufactured into pins in England. The [ewhall works in Birmingham make 10,000,000 pins per day. A bar of iron one foot |ng and one inch square, cast from Menominee ore will bear 5,781 pounds strain without peaking. A cubic foot of wrought iron weighs 486?,^ pounds. The specific gravity of jaleable iron is 7.6, and one square inch of it will sustain a weight of 17,800 pounds 'il.'!- V UWHIW ran JO T?'F Menominee Iron Range. without permanent alteration. If iron conserves but little of its strength by rest, it loses little cnerg) by use. The perusal of its qualities may tire you out; iron itself never suffers from fatigue. 1 he question of a durable road metal is one that must ere long occupy the attention of the street commissioners. In England, the casting of blocks of slag for road beds and coai r^e structural purposes has been seriously considered. Iron cars are gtadua!'y replacing the older fashioned ones of wood. About 8,oooof these are now- traversing the railways of America. The present consumption of railway cars is 100,000 per annum, and the life of a wooden car is at most but ten years. Of the 23,467 vessels comprising America's merchant marine, 644 are of iron and steel. A Michigan fresh- water iron steam barge, the now celebrated whale-back Wetmore, recently carried from Chicagc' to Liverpool 95,000 bushels of wheat, without breaking bulk. This could not have been accomplished by a wooden vessel. The story of the advances made in the utilization of iron for purposes hitherto con- secrated to wood, reads like a letter from wonderland. The very ore itself in its converted form, returning like the prodigal after passing through the fires of rude experience to the parent roof, there to sustain with its developed strength iu the shape of Pteel girders, the grim, worn out chambers of its native mine. At Cannock Chase ill Staffordshire, 12,000 girder^ and steel pit props have, so says Iron, (London, Eng- land) recently been introduced in the collieries there in place of wooden ones. "The most extraordinary and persistent increase in the use of iron for other purposes than rails, is a phenomenon of no trifling importance" — says the Engineering and Mining Journal — "it indicates the progress of a revolution in constructive methods, or a tremen dous increase in the wealth of the people, or both. We art inclined to believe botl: causes contribute to the result." So much then for the uses of iron, and now a word or two as to its compoundins| demand. In order to divorce the subject of any suspicion, even of doubt, I must asLj your forgiveness whilst I slatfl you with a quota of uncompromising statistics. Before making a break, however, in this direction, I would anticipate the — to some people- apparently unansv/erable statement of fact, and which is sure to menace my contentions that the production of iron ore in the states of America was greater during the year 189: ; than the demand. In explanation of this ore dilemma, wliich in no sense interferes with the principles of trade, and is a commercial interruption, whose recurrence in con I nection with the traffic in all staples not absolutely necessary, is periodically inevitable, i i ts c." life would simply say that the consumption of ore was short of the home production — based o' ' the data at my command — by the amount only of the ore shipped to us from foreign com; tries. Of the iron ore imported during the fiscal year, ended June, 1890, it exceede in value that of the preceding year by $908,056 (Treasury Department Trade Report \ i8gi). Whilst we have suffered from a declining market consequent upon a repute: i increase in production over consumption, the fact must not be lost sight of, that tin J quantity of pig-iron which actually went into consumption was 1,200,000 tons mori- i8qo than in i88g. ^^^ To assist in reaching a clearer understanding of the immensity of America's i>'*^4w i am th and steel industries, and as a key to further remarks on the subject of acceleraiim^iasure the demanc apologj IVoductit I'rodiictic Productic Plate and Plate and Producfio nails, Productio nails, otal proc roductioi roductioi roductioi otal prod Iron he posit The qi ;welve yef npreceden « regarded ieen able c hilst adrai itili absolu far larger ■y are not ght-and-a- I wot 890 was mount t nsumpt In 1856 n the wo It is pi * This ere as high hich woulc It product. over one s been inc me result, s. Buttl Insumption The Menominee Iron Range. 51 by rest, it loses '. ron itself never j t must ere long ing of blocks oil nsidered. Iron j of these are now y cars is 100,0 oci le 23,467 vessels Michigan fresh- itly carried from This could not ses hitherto con , ore itself in its he fires of rude igth in the shape ; Cannock Chase [, (London, Eng 1 ones. or other purpose? fering and Mimn- ods, or a tremen i to believe botl demand, with which the Menominee is so indissolubly connected, I append without apok>gy a summary of her trade for the year 1890. NET TONB. [Production of pig iron l*"'. 307, 028 Irroduction of bar, rod and hoop iron. . 2,208,880 Irroduction of bar, rod and hoop steel. . 1,235,970 j Plate and sheet iron, except nail plate. . 505,642 [Plate and sheet steel, except nail plate. . 401, 537 IProducfion of all rolled iron and iron nails, excluding rails 2,804,829 |Production of all rolled steel and steel nails, excluding rails 1,829,247 iTotal proOurMon oi rails 2,111,544 ^reduction of sttel ingots 5.786,061 i I''*'" ^^^ steel ships built Production of all kinds of crude sleel.. 4,790,319 \ Miles of new railroad completed Production of iron blooms 30,783 Total number of miles of railroad Total production of nails, 100 lb. kegs. . 8,776,857 December 31 Value of imports of iron and steel $44,540,084 Value of exports of iron and steel $27,000,134 • GROSS TONB. Imports of iron ore 1,246,830 Domestic production of iron ore 18,000,000 Shipments of anthracite coal from the mines 35,855,175 Total domestic production of coal 140,022.264 63 6,344 167,741 its compounding loubt, I must ask ^ tatistics. Before 7 to some people- e mv contentions, ing the year 180: sense interferes recurrence in cor ically inevitable, duction — based 0: rom foreign cour, 1890, it excee.U' nt Trade Repori it upon a repute sight of, that tli: 000 tons morr 1 of America's lo: ;ct of accelerauii. Iron, the leading metal trade journal of Great Britain, thus refers to the reversals of he position as regards the iron and steel industries of the two countries. The quantity of pig-iron made in the United States has, in fact, more than trebled within the last welve years, and more than doubled within the last six. Such a rate of progress is absolutely nprecedented. Compared with such strides as these, the progress made by Great Britain must certainly le regarded as slow. // has taken us twenty-seven years to double our production, and, indeed, wa have not )t'en able quite to maintain the figures reached in 1881-3. Moreover, we are now unable any longer, whilst admitting the relatively greater progress made by the United States, to point to the fact that we are till absolutely the greater producers of pig-iron, for there can bo no question that last year America made far larger quantity of pig-iron than did Great Britain. The official figures of the production of this coun- y are not yet published, but the output may betaken as about 8,000,000 tons. In 1889 it amounted to ight-and-a-quarter millions. I would here note a co-incidence. The production of pig-iron in Great Britain in 890 was less than that of the United States by 1,200,000 tons, or by precisely the same mount that the consumption of pig-iron in this country in i8go was in excess of its onsumption for 1889. In 1856 the Hon. Abram S. Hewitt, the universally known iron-master, in a treatise n the world's consumption and production of iron, made this wonderful forecast: It is plain that the consumption of iron is rapidly on the increase, as well from the progress in the ts c? life, as from the increase in population, pnd the steady march of Christianity and civilization." * * This consideration has an important bearing upon the iron making resources of the world; for if it ere as highly civilized as Great Britain, mankind would consume as much iron per head, viz: 144 pounds ihich would make a total annual consumption of about 60,000,000 of tons, or nearly seven times the pres- t product. * * * It is apparent that when it reaches this point, the annual consumption of iron will over one hundred millions of tons, for it is to be remembered also that the annual consumption per head s been increasing; that in 115 years it has increased seventeen fold. If the next century should show the imc result, the consumption would be 300 pounds per head, requiring; an annual make of 140,000,000 of But the population of the world in 100 years will be probably nearly doubled, which would raise the insumption to over 200,000,000 of tons per. annum. # * * Common sense stands apalled before these mense figures. Previous to this investigation I have never allowed myself to look the facts in the face, I am therefore desirous to submit them to the severest examination. Let me ask you therfore to asure the future carefully by the past. I 53 The Menominee Iron Range. From 1740 to 1885 the production of iron increased seventy-fold. If the same rate of increase should prevail for 115 years to come the annual make would reach 490,000,000 tons, and it is to be observed that the ratio of increase has been an increasing one for each period of ten years since 1740, and not a decreas- ing one. Commencing with 1806, it required till 1824, a period of 18 years to double the production in Great Britain. By 1836 it was again doubled, requiring a period of only twelve years. In 1847 it was again doubled, reqniring eleven years. In 1855 a period of eight years, it had risen from 2,000,000, to 3,500,000, at which rate it would double in ten years. These figures must be very wearying, let me lend to them a halo of romance, and introduce to you Now if the production of only once in twenty years, 14,000,000; in 1895, 28,000,- 1935, 96,000,000; and in 1955, so enormous as to defy any they will be realized. And «C ,fj^ the prediction in England in ^' 17,350 tons, that in 115 years and-a-half millions of tons, as a lunatic, and told that all and all the mineral resources adequate to one fourth of such That this prophecy more than fulfilled I will Hon. Edward Atkinson, economists of the day, upon the subject, sub- the world were to double the make in 1875 would lie 000; in 1915, 48,000,000; ill 192,000,000. Figures again man of common sense to sa\ yet if any one had ventured 1740, when the make was the make would reach three- he would have been regarded the men, and all the wealth, of Great Britain were nut an incredible production. up to date has been now prove through tlie one of the most eminent who last year in writing mitted the following. SUMMARY OF CONSUMPTION.— 1870 and 1889 Inclusive. POUNDS In 1870 to 1878 incluFive, ihe average consumption of iron per capita by the people of the United States, as nearly as it can be computed, did not exceed lot! In 1879, taken separately, it may have been approxima ;ely 2()ii In 1889 it was in excess of 30fi In 1889 the consumption or use of iron in Great Britain, France, Germany and Belgium, did not exceed per capita 17.' If there were upon the globe in i88g about 1,200,000,000 p >ple, aside from the population of the foregoing countries, then their average consumption of iron did not exceed per capita 11 to U' SUMMARY IN ROUND FIGURES AND GROSS TONS.— 1889. POPULATION. PER CAPITA. United States 64,000,000 300 pounds Great Britain, France, Germany and Belgium 136,000,000 175 All the rest 1,200,000,000 11 " TONS 8,500,0(111 10,500,00(1 6, 000, Oil" Total 1,400,000,000 40 pounds 25,OOO.O0ii Juraschek and Lexis, two celebrated German professors, also have just compiled some elaborate statistics concerning the world's production and consumption of in a Whilst differing somev/hat from Mr. Atkinson in their estimate of the consumption by countries, they reach almost the same aggregate conclusions. The figures are given in metric tons of 1,000 kilos— 1,016 kilos are equal to an ordinary ton. In 1840 the imi output of the world is placed at 2,900,000 metric tons; in i86o, 7,360,000 tons; in 1870, 12,095,000 tons; in 1880, 18,383,000 tons; and in 1890,^27,146,000 tons! The Menominee Iron Ranoe. 53 of increase should tr be observed that J , and not a decreas ;| e the production in Irs. In 1847 it was from 2,000,000, to i were to double ! in 1875 would lie 915, 48,000,000; in 00. Figures again jmmon sense to say y one had ventured len the make was would reach three- have been regarded and all the wealth, t Britain were not lible production. date has been rove through the :he most eminent it year in writing the following. the Un POUNIIS ited 2011 300 um, did not 175 ition of the ...11 to VI 9- A. ds TONS 8,500,001 10,500,001 6,000,00' ds 25,000.001 Ive just compik'd [umption of iri 11 consumption by |ures are given in In 1840 the ii'i )o tons; in 1870, The comparative production during i8go is given as follows: — Great Britain, 8,001,000 metric tons; United States, 9,348,000 tons; Germany, including Luxemburg, 4,637,000 tons; France, 1,970,000 tons; .•Vustria, Hungary, 925,000 tons; Belgium, 782,000 tons; Russia, 667,000 tons; Sweden, 421,000 tons; Spain, 232,000 tons; Canada, i6, 000 tons; Italy, 13,000 tons; New South Wales, 4,000 tons; Switzerland, I'ortu- f,'al, Norway, and Turkey, 25,000 tons; Japan, and other countries, 95,000 tons. Of welded iron and steel the totals are distributed as follows: — Of welded iron. Great Britain turned out 1,954.000 tons; United States, 2,558,000 tons; Germany, 1,454,000 tons; France, 823,000 tons; Belgium, 507,000 tons. Of steel. Great Britain produced 3,636,000 tons; United States, 4,345,000 tons; Germany, 2, 161,000 tons: France, 566,000 tons; Belgium, 236,000 tons; and Austria, 441,000 tons. The following table, according to Messrs Jurashek and Lexis, illustrates the comparative consumption of pig-iron during the periods mentioned: — PIG IRON CONSUMPTION. Average 1880-1884. TOTAL METRIC TONS. PER HEAD. Great Britain 4,275,000 266 2 lb. United States 4,674,000 193.6 1b. Germany 3,182,000 154. lb France 2,164,000 127.6 lb. Belgium 532,000 206.8 1b. Austria-Hungary 746,000 44. lb. Average 1889. TOTAL METRIC TONS. 7,815,000 7,840,000 4,373,000 1,062,000 1,073,000 941,000 PER IIEAU. 440. •) lb. 284.9 lb. 202. lb. 95.5 lb. 393 4 lb. 51. lb. These figures show that in every country named, exceptmg France, vast annual progress in the utilization of iron has been made. From this it will be seen that Mr. Hewitt's prophesy for 1895, will be more than ful- filled. Analyzingthe.se conditions, and pursuing the subject further, Mr. Atkinson asks: Is it not almost certain that the consumption of iron will go on increasing in the period which will elapse between 1890 and 1900 — not only in ratio to the population, but also in a measure corresponding to the increase per capita, which was developed between 1877 and 1889? Let it, however, be assumed that the increase per capita will only rise from 300 to 400 pounds per head, then the 90,000,000 of people who will occupy this country in the year igoo, may require our present supply and in addition thereto, 7,000,000 gross Jons. If the demand of Great Britain, France, Germany and Belgium shali increase only 20 per cent, ill the next ten years, that increase will create a demand in addition to their present consumption, for 2,000,000 tons. If the consumption of the rest of Europe, of Asia, of Africa, of South and Central America, and of Australia, shall only carry their demand from eleven or twelve pounds per capita to twenty-two or twenty-four pounds, then, in addition to their present supply of 6,000,000, they would require 6,000,000 more. Mr. Atkinson summarizes these conclusions as follows: tons. Present production 25,000,000 Increased consumption in the United States 7,000,000 " " " Great Britain, France, Germany and Belgium. . .2,000,000 " all the rest of the world 6,000,000 Total increase of demand 15,000,000 ■■) Total supply required 40.000,000 In 1889 the demand for iron was 76 per cent greater than in 1878. * * * Is there not reason to xpect the increase in the demand of 1900, as compared to 1889 to be as great as the increase of demand of 88g was in ratio to that of'i878? In such event the supply for the year 1900 must be 44,000,000 gross tons. But even this base of computation is not regarded by Mr. Atkinson as a complete one, for he justly adds, in order to establish a fair method of forecasting future demand: VVemust compare as many periods of eleven years each with the other as the statistical data will cover n order to develop the apparent law of (/f(,Vtvv;//;/^ Oh U w u TnK Mknomini'T. Ikon Kan(;k. $5 ^ 13 C U O Oh U w X U u O u u z o 5- u I have referred elsewhere to the railway system of transporting ore. A word as to liie iron ore marine. From the six iron ore ports of Michigan and Superior in 1H90, viz. : i'scanaba. Marquette, St. Ignace, (lladstone, Ashland and Two Harbors, was shipped K^spcctively, 3,792,006; 1,267,777; 21,501; 82,902; 1,618,206; and 880,014 long tons of iidii ore. To convey these 7,662,499 tons of compact freight it necessitated nearly 3,000 ( argos. To enable you to grasp the immensity of this trade, I might add that it would have taken the combined carrying capacity of the whole of America's merchant marine twice over to transport the product, representing two cargos and two voyages, for every one of the 22,428 hulls of registered American bottom. Tlnse ships are of a type distinctly peculiar to the Great Lakes. '1 he Jifariiif Jia'iew oi Cleveland, has kindly allowed me to present you with a picture of the most recent addition to the United States fresh water fleet, the E. C. Pope, named after the eminent iron ore dealer of Cleveland, and built by the Dry Dock Co., of Detroit. The Pope is 314 feet keel, and 3J4^< feet over all; brearlth 42 feet; depth 24 feet; engine, cylinders 22 inches, 35 inches, 56 inches; stroke 44 inches; two boilers, diameter, 14 feet 2 inches; length, II feet, 6 inches. On Sept. 2d, 1890, with a cargo of 3,109 net tons of ore, and a draft of 14 feet, 6 inches, and a displacement of 4,710 net tons with Capt. Geo. Miner — even tlic skipper's name is a "harmony" — -in command, she ran 314 miles in 22 hours, 39 minutes, with an indicated horse power of 1357, and an hourly coal consumption of j,()32 pounds. She has since carried 3,608 net tons drawing 16 feel of water. She carried on another occasion 125,990 bushels of corn with a draft of 15 feet, 10 inches, flight she averaged within a fraction of 16 miles an hour. Such are the vessels which transport the viscera of the Menominee to eastern furnaces, bearing with them a return cargo of water-ballast only. Upon reference to the summary of the iron and steel trade of this country for i8go, it will be seen that the value of our imports, exclusive of ore, is given as :544, 540,084, representing over 700,000 tons of metal. This estimated tonnage, however, does not include the metal contained in the 52,831,000 worth of machinery, the $2,532,000 worth of cutlery or the $1,388,000 worth of firearms included in the total value of iinports, but |of the weight of which the Trade and Navigation Report gives us no return. Surely the day is not far remote when not alone will our native industries be supplying our own domestic want in these lines of manufacture, but meeting the expanding demands of oreign countries also. I find, however, an item which may be of some interest to the ndustrious house-wives of this range, namely, that of $267,831 for needles! Hereafter ny objurgation on the part of the married miner, when he discovers he is "short on uttons," will De perfectly justifiable. A further study of the elaborate reports by he Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, Mr. S. G. Brock, at Washington, on our foreign onimerce, reveals the suggestive fact that the price of pig-iron imported into this ountry during the last fiscal year, 1890, actually exceeded the value of the article in he foreign market from whence imported, for the preceding year, by $8.90 per ton. I offer this as another trade nut for the American Iron-master to crack, and return ith renewed faith to a further study of marvellous Menominee. Wauced (-•stimabl Jireferen iiidustrie CHAPTBR IV Tl)e Iron ?\\nz^ of tl)e Aenominee Range. ; Pacts and Fancies. The mines of the Menominee Range last year produced jointly, as already shown in detail, 2,282,137 tons of ore. The aggregate output of the ij6 mines in active opera- tion during the calendar year 1890, throughout the whole Lake Superior region — according to the statistics as prepared by the Iron Trade Revieiv — amounted to 9,003,701 tons. Of this total the Vermillion Range in Minnesota produced 880,014 tons, the other three ranges supplying the difference of 8,123, 687. It is possible there is an error of a few thousand tons, for in a manuscript statement forwarded to me by Mr. S. G. Brock, Chief of Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Depart- ment, Washington — and whose courtesy I beg to acknowledge — taken from the annual statistical report of the American Iron and Steel Association, I find that the Vermillion Range is credited with 880,264 ^^^ *^he Lake Superior mines of Michigan and Wisconsin with 8,132,115, raising thf? aggregate total by 8,678 tons. Practically this of course has no more effect on the result than has a mosquito on a fly wheel. Of the 178 mines in the entire Lake Superior region in operation off and on since 1878, I find that they represent for the period of thirteen years, 900 mines for one year, or one mine for goo years, with an average annual production of 51,090 tons. '^ ving this period the smallest output by any one mine was the Wheeling of the Marquette Range, 74 tons in 1887, and the greatest that of the Norrie, Gogebic Range, 906,728 in 1890. The further detailed :onsideration of the individual mines of the range, I shall leave to be dealt with in the chapters descriptive of the towns within whose limits they are situated or to whose markets they are tributary. In a publication of this nature I am sure that you have no desire, and I assure you I have none, to enter into all the sombre mysteries of mining as a science of techni- calities. Probably all that you care about knowing, non-scientific reader, now that your a})petite for wealth has been whetted by a display of Menominee mineral, is the shortest and most practical way of reaching the base of supply, the birth place of iron — sphynx- like in its crass entity, yet typical of all things durable, unfrangible and superlative. As you have been told, there are 47 mines in the Menominee, which gasp at you with their black mouths, like the jaws of Jonah's whale in Dores' painting, and at intervals, from Waucedah to Crystal Falls. These mines are "run" for the most part, by very estimable managers, and I have a diffidence in taking you down one instead of — not in l>reference to, mind you — another, for fear the united management of the 46 unvisited iiidustries, might traffic with a pit-boss to smuggle me into obscurity. However, I'll 1^ Thp Mf.nominef, Iron Rangk. run chances and as tlic Iron IVloinitain miii'-s arc within rifh; shot of wlu;re I tliis ilay sit. i will elect lo coiuiuct you into one of its many shaft houses, conditionally tiiat under nu consideration will you be seduced into divuIj^Mn^ the name of the mine into whose coM crypts I am about to lead you. On the side of a hil! at the base of its second bench, and which hill, carved and chopped up, like the drop ciirtain in a Chinese theatre, reaches skyv/ard some :^o feet, stands a brown red shaft house, at whose ntrancc several hundred men are lounging in every conceivable attitude of repose that happens to constitute their idea of rest. These men with hardly an exception are cos'umed in the picturescjue and serviceable outfit df their calling. Sou' -Westers, oil skins and knee ndiber boots, an army of stiilwarts in tlieir uniform of rust. In each hat is either an iron stick holding its yellow stearinc ( .ind'e, or a small tin oil lamp, all lighted, the flames of which wr've diversely in th,. faint pulses of air that reach the place. E ery man who is not smoking is chewing. The ravs of a setting sun salute the group from over the hilltop, and 'ighten up imnece.5sarily the s.ia of smiling faces with halos of hope. This is the night shift. It is quite possible that ono or more of their number may be novv drawing his last "surface" breath and bidding an eternal farewell to the sunshine. God knows best. Not a trace, however, of any such impending poLsibility finds outwarl reflex. The ringing of the bell at the pit-mouth, signal of a descending cage, might he the pealing of wedding bells instead of a sui'.nons into the presence of abysmal risks. If you are any kind of a "decent chap" at all. you will probably say to this multi- tude of humcns as you approach them, "(iood day, boys," when in secular imitation of the tongues which were loosened at Pentecost, you will probably be greeted thus; "How'dy," " Good day, partner," "Bon jour, in'seur," "CukI dag," " Buun Giorno, Come va." Of the thousands of men working in these mines, about one-third are English, one- third Swede, and the remainder Hungarians, Russian Finns, Poles, Freuch, Germans and Italians. The Cornish men as a class make the best miners. The Swedes, after a transatlantic e.'cperience, ranking next. At the captain's office you have changed your "outht," and are now attired in a creaking uniform of rusty oil-skin. The cage is waiting for us and the men beckoning. Yes, come along. Fourteen hundred feet ol a drop. L) eper than soir ■ stiaf* , but 'haUow compared with others. The Belgian coal mines at Fldiu are 3,700 fee: Tlic silver mines at Adalbert in Austria are 3,279 feet deep. The copper mines at Calumet in Michigan are nearly 4,000 feet deep. These sb.afts are gloomy as Erebus, the oiilv light that reaches yc^'. being the fitfui flicker of your candle, that sways in its stick, and brings out the cavernous simdows into nore tangible and aln'ost audible blackness. .As you drop lower and lower, the feeling grows stronger, tl.at whi'st you are stationary, tlic 7aaf/s of rock are rushing by you chasing the timbers that hem you in, in a mad frantic race to the surface, a diminishing port-hole above j'our head, and through which hatch way, that appears to frame a bit of heavenly blue night-shirt, L)uttoned with aurifero i^- stars, you beg that a watchful divinity will permit no careless vandal to drop a twent> right to and his Whil jmine. [and Soo i above— h)ools at ' [whicli se( are now llarity of [g'-t pinch Thf. Menominee Iron Ranoe. 59 ill, carved and some so f'^ct, ire lounging in •f rest. These ceable outfit of of stalwarts in yellow stearinc iversely in th,. ig is chewinf,'. nd lighten up night shift. It awing his last ad knows best. .1 refiex. Tlu' i the pealing ot / to this multi- liar imitation of greeted thus: English, one- '] eiich, Germans iwedes, after a low attired in a nen beckoning', oir • shaft , but 700 fee: The es at Calumet rebus, the only 1 its stick, and blackness. As stationary, tlie n a mad frantic h which hatcli- with aurifero ;> drop a twenty pdund crowbar. Stories are told you of how men have fallen hundreds of feet down such shafts and survived the shock, and again of others wiio have not dropped a tenth of the distance, and yet been reduced to a jelly. Out of the 140 accidents in the 15 mines within the county of Menominee, iluring iHgo, and out of 4,012 men employed, lliere were but 20 fatalities. Eight of these were caused by falling down the shafts, from iH to 1,300 feet; seven were from falls of ground. A verdict of accidental death being returned in all cases. In his last annual report, Mr. J. H. Knight, County Inspector of Mines, makes this reference to the important ciuestion of responsibility: " I have been criticized because I did not place the blame for every casualty upon either employer ur employed. We must not lose sight of the fad that despite the greatest efforts and the use of e\ -^ry safeguard known to the industry, ihe element of danger can never be elimi- nated from mining, and I should be wanting in common sense to attempt to place responsibility on human agency which belongs to a higher power." Mr. Knight is right. The miners neglect hov.cver is usually accepted as contri- butory to the result. Constant familiarity begets indifference. Neglect of personal precautions on the part of the miners should only serve to incite the manage- ment to a more watchful exercise of authority. The miner is after all but a "ward." If he neglects his own safety the vigilance of his employers should be doubled, but he should be compelled — by punishment il need be — to mend his lax ways. Bearing on all this I have one suggestion. When a jury is needed to investigat , a mining accident, impanel "miners." None but an expert has any i right to sit in judgment on such a case. Such a jury is the miners best safeguard, [and his inalienable right. What a chamber of veiled mysteries is the low vaulted room at the bottom of a deep |jnme. We have reached the 14th level, more than 1400 vertical feet below the surface land 800 feet below the level of Lake Michigan. Big drops of water fall from the rocks jabove— small streams in places — and tumble with a suggestive splash into the awesome Ipools at your feet, whose terrors are magnified by the cut shadows of jasper buttresses jwhich seem to be shutting in upon you like the iron walls of an inquisitor's vault. You jare now in the heart of the great Menominee ore deposit, which from its extent, regu- llarity of occurrence and purity of ore might be called a vein. These beds so'-ietimes Igf't pinched out, and faults or failures occur, but even so these waves of iron stone often Miners Descending Shaft, Pewabic Mine. 6o The Mknom'nke Iron Range. overlap and the dropped skein can be picked up and followed. Sometimes these lensi s of ore will be scattered like hu^e lima beans crystalized in this basin of metailiferons soup. Again the deposit will run in shape like a gigantic warped leather strap, or ;i congealed wave having a lateral motion, again disparting and becoming like a shoal uf enormous fish, or a mammoth subterranean pudding with the lenses of ore in the place of plums, the width of the deposit ranging from five to eight hundred and even one thousand feet. Here as you leave this chamber and enter a drift, moving east, you pass through some 60 feet of an ore vein on the way to a winze, a smaller shaft, up which you can l>v nimierous perpendicular ladders mount from level to level, until you gain the surface. This plan however, this toiling upward, is wet, risky and laborious, and after four or five hundred feet of a climb is probably abandoned for the more exciting bucket. The interior of a mine is full of surprises, A wall of impenetrable blackness stares you in the face; progress is barred. An unusual effort on your candle's part reveals a turn, trembling you grope your way round the barrier and suddenly a weird tableau confronts you. Silhouetted against the jasper walls stand a group of miners. Exaggerated and theatrical in the htful light — the red and yellow of stearine and coal oil— you scan ;i page from the inferno. These men are blasting and are now placing in position tlie fuses of dislodgment. The cry of warning reaches you and whilst you yet wonder, a hoarse shout in your ear and a grip of steel about your wrist and you are hurried out of reach of harm behind the shelter of remote passages. Two fuses, ordinarily speaking', will remove from eight to ten tons. The report of the explosions reach you like muffled drums. Hasty examination shows some thirty tons of ore to have been moved, and "partner" shakes hands with "partner" on the conquest of mind over matter, and the incident is the theme of chat on that level for a d; or so until some more exciting exploit obliterates it. This streak of luck is an excuse for a smoke, and under the pro- tecting security of posts and studdles, which are bent and bellied with the millions of tons of overlying rock and ore, you can pull at your pipe safe from fire damp, and talk the lingo current in thase strange, damp diggings. Night shift men come on at seven and work till twelve, when they hav? -in hour's spell for supper on the surface. Eight-hour men carry their "tommy" with them underground, and work straight through. A miner will mine on an average about 4';! tons a day. Last year at the Chapin it cost the company, so I am informed, $1.98 per ton to mine, which fact was attributed to the local management lacking in executive ability, but I find Mr. Birkenbine places the average cost in all Michigan of produciuj,' one long ton at $2.07. The complement of laborers to miners is about three to five. The cost of the candle to the miner is at the rate of about one cent an hour, but as we live in an age of scientific marvels electricity will soon supersede everything in the shape of a motor or a light for all mining purposes. Its general use for mine lighting is only postponed on the ground of the miners wholesome dread of its hidden dangers. Already it is utilized to drive some of the largest pumps in the world. Thompson nnd Van Deopole of Boston, are at the time of writing, erecting a plant for the Hamilton Ore Co., which will raise 100 gallons of water 1,325 feet every minute. The Cornisli pumps in tlu' mine I have brought you to have a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons a day from a depth ot 800 feet. At the stamp works of the copper mines of the Hecla and Calumet at Lai c I ,s Lind I'OMSC I Ion< hacks resuii meet bear the St stead their distal death the di f()rnie( the k< ()1 (J i t chill ; These iiistitu it will utes t of ore. ati hoi pound sonal upon, blows Recei accord: that in drill, n given r favor o of wa§ ( Census In that pr a day f and cai iron m in it." liigh, w who m( no fuel The Mknominek Iron Hanoe. 6i aes these lenst s of metailiferoiis ther strap, or a ^ liUe a shoal of ore in the plac c 1 and even one ou pass tlirouj^h hich you can liv ;ain the surface after four or live g bucket. The ss stares you in t reveals a turn, ableau confronts ixaggerated and oil — you scan n in position tliL lU yet wonder, a re hurried out of inarily speakin;;, you like mufHed een moved, and matter, and the more exciting under the pro- the millions of damp, and talk have nn hour's y" with them erage about ^y^ med, $1.98 per ng in executive in of producini,' ut three to five. lour, but as we ng in the shapi lighting is only gers. Already npson and Van milton Ore Co.. 1) pumps in tlu- from a depth >t alumet at Lai c n •, Linden, Mich., is a ginantir pump wliose capacity is bo,o()o.() those siinlcss caves, aiul tliat is tin- universal look of complete coiit«!ntinent which appears upon the faces of the miners. A miner's vocation you mij^lit rcasonal)ly suppose would he a dtrpressiuK one. The unseen (landers ready unbidden to confront the hero of the pick at any moment, instead of having a depressing influence would seem to exorcise every shreil of carking care. The gloom of hanging walls casts no shadow on the pitman's face. He carries sunshine with him into cramped chambers and frowning stopes, and with a dower of rare bravery and strongheartedness, ("lod lightens his darkness. (Jther noises react you in these joyless cells, thunder like rumblings, which the captain of the mine soon accounts for by leading you to the foot of a chute, down whose inclined plane comes thundering from a higher level, tons of blue or red ore, almost incandescent with their own friction as they bound against the swinging buffers and plunge into the iron receiving cars with the strident roar of a giant's charivari. These loaded cars are then hauled along the track on the bed of the drift by a wire rope worked by steam, and drawn bodily into the receiving cage awaiting them in the shaft at the mouth of the operating level, or emptied into buckets, which are soon luirrying upwards in obedience to the mighty hoists which have promised them a baptism of dazzling daylight. Without personal inspection little conception can be had of tin enormous amount of labor involved in developing a mine, a task so herculean, which, though now performed in months, owing to the time-saving devices of the scientist and mechanic, would under less advanced conditions take as many centuries. Steam, com pressed air, electricity, and machinery — in whose complex CLpabilities consists its sini plicity — and explosives, directed by the intelligence of a higher civilization, have reduced yesterday's seeming impossibility to every day commonplace. Based on broad state- ment it is fair to assume that for every ton of ore mined in the region of Lake Superior at least three tons of rock and waste liave had to be removed. During the last 25 years 56,459,03b tons of iron ore have been produced within the district, necessitating the removal of at least 169,000,000 tons of rock. In order to transport this huge bulk of waste, it may be of interest to the miner to know that it would load 8,500,000 of his largest ore cars, which would more than twice girdle the circumference of the earth if made up into two separate trains of equal length, and then leave a train amply lon^; enough to bridge the Atlantic twice over. In i88g the total capital invested in iron ore mines in the whole ccmtry was 5109,756,199 and the total cost of mining $24,781,658, of this Michigan paid out $217,283 in office wages, and $6,353,741 in labor, out of a total expenditure of $12,118,541. The variou-. shafts of the several mines of one company alone, amount in the aggre- gate to a depth of 8,105 feet, whilst the total length of the underground levels, cross cuts. and drifts, exceeds 9,600 yards. Just imagine nearly six miles of these subterranean trenches. What a paradise for a Digger Indian. The work accomplished by these shaft sinkers too is something almost incredible. At the new shaft of the Hamilton Oie Co., which is 21 feet 4 inches by 7 feet within the timliers, 90 feet has actually been sunk in thirty days and the rock so excavated, hoisted 1,200 feet to the surface, the first level being 843 feet under ground. The Ludington mine which has raised this season 700 tons of ore in one day, estimates that it will be in a position to double this daily product next year with its new hoisting outfit. Obstacles which a few years ago would havi' TiiF Mknominki Ikon Ranck. 63 and tliat is tli< the miners. A ;. The unseen lent, instead of \\\i> care. Tlir s snnsliine with ire bravery an2, 000,000 for the property, in the hrst year after its purchase, netted $1,000,000 to it- owners." In 1890, according to the Wisconsin, the Norrie mine paid a cash dividend ci >iS. 25 Siijie 1 clip (if its I wo IK very doubt have years I'stiin; A 1889 based l. 1 The Mknominef. Iron Range. 65 the mines of etc., which is crritories west 5ck mines, but be found, and Wferalii. "Tho and who pai'l ,000,000 tn it. sh dividend ol 5,S. ^5 per share, besides a stock dividend of 25 per cent. From a review of the Lake SiiiH'rior iron ore stock market of 1890, piil)lished in the Engineering:^ and Mining Journal, I clip the following instances illustrative of profit, giving a number to each mine in place of its name: Cash value of each $25 share, December, i8(jo, No. i, 5i6o; No. 2, $110; No. 3, <()i); No. 4, $75; No. 5, $70; No. 6, SOo; No. 7, $40; No. 8, S35. With this array of facts and figures, but a threadbare presentation of the commercial wonders of exceptional Menominee, I hurry to introduce you to its developing cities — very gourds of Jonah — wiiich are now unfurling the standard of their resources, not doubting but that you may be tempted to migrate to their hills of hope, whereon they have planted for your rallying allegiance a profitable flag of trade. TABLE Showing the WoRi.n's annual production of Pir; Iron at the four periods of eleven years since 1856 to 1889 and for i8go, based on official returns, and for the year 1900, as estimated by Mr. Edward Atkinson. Also showing the Iron Ore product of the Mknominke Ranch for the years 1878, 1889 and 1890, from official returns, together with a yearly estimated product up to 1900, based on an assumed annual increase of 10 per cent, and 20 per cent, respectively: WORLDS PRODUCTION OF IRON. 1850 6,000,000 tons. 1867 8,400,000 tons. 1878 14-,117.902 tons. 1880 24, SOD, 534 tons. 1S90 27,14(5,000 tons. 1900— Estimated 50,000,000 tons. MENOMINEE RANGE PRODUCTION OF IRON ORE. 1878 78,000 tons. 1889 l,7'J«,7r>4 tons 1890 2,282,277 tons. ESTIMATED ANNUAL INCREASE IN PRODUCT, MENOMINEE RANGE AT TEN PEK CENT. 1891 $2,510,504 1892 2,761,554 1893 3,037,709 1894 3,341,479 1895 3,675,626 1896 4,043,188 1897 4,447,506 1898 4,892,256 1899 5,381,481 1900 5,919,629 AT TWENTY I'ER TENT. 1891 $ 2,738,731 1892 3,022,622 1893 3,627,146 '8o4 4,352,574 1895 5,223,088 1896 6,267,704 1897 7,521,244 1898 9,025,492 1899 10,830,590 1909 12,996,708 Note. — The total increase in the production of Iron Ore in the whole Lake Superior District last year was 40 per cent, over that of 1889. In the whole of the United States the increase in production of Pig Iron for the year 1889, as compared with 18S8, was 17 per cent., and for 1890 as compared with 1889, 21 per cent. In 1890, as compared with 1880, it has increased 153 percent. In December, 1889, the unsold stock of all kinds of pig iron in the United States at close of year was 277,401 tons. In Dece-.iiber, 1890, the un.sold stock amounted to 681,992 tons. In 1890 the production of iron ore in Great Britain had decreased from that of the previous year by over 6 per cent. With the world's increasing want and Britain's diminishing supply, insufficient for her native consumption, the accelerating demand for iron ore — made imperative by nat- ural increase of population and creation of new uses — will tax American mines to their full capacity. An estimated ten per cent, per annum increase in the output of the Menominee, is the natural increment for a decade, based on the population which her present production bears to the rest of the world. What will the marketable product be in 1900? Six million or thirteen million tons? Either of these ultimate conditions present fortunes to all who may embark in any cog- nate industry in the Menominee. h'- #■ 1 c/) pq CHAPTER V. Tf)e Aenominee Range. Its Cities:— Their Indcistries ami their Hesources. THK TOWN OF NORWAY. ,^ g\\'KR the hill-tops — through a luminous ^^., V,>^ faint haze that leads to tlie belief that all the incense from all the censers swung by ?" all the priests since Aaron had been blown there — over the pencilled outline of the purple iron range, through grass green tamarack boughs, ami brown bark of fir-trees, come shafts of expiring sunlight. These stain the autumn leaves a deeper crimson and lend to Waucedah a glory not entirely its own, as you catch a glimpse of its condition through the window of your Pulman, as the Chicago & North- western night express conies to a standstill. Waucedah is in Breen township; is a station on the Iron River branch of the C. & N-W. Ry., eleven miles from Powers, the junction of the Northern Michigan branch of the same road and 3.6 miles from Chicago, and about the same numerical amount in feet of altitude above Lake Michigan. It is north of Chicago; it is about 300 miles east of Minneapol's and about 160 miles west by rail from Sault St. Marie. These are variously well know 1 points, hence any student of latitudes should be able without the aid of an atlas, to locate the gateway to the Menominee Range. In 1866, the Breen Bros., as may be remembered, discovered the mine which bears their name. Its history I have followed. To-day a new shaft 160 feet deep has been sunk within thirty rods or so of the old one, alongside the original "Dublin shaft," out of which 2000 tons of blue bessemer have been raised this season. Of this, 1,500 tons have been sold to the Joliet steel works. The Loeffelholtz Mining Co. of Milwaukee are the lessees, who are pursuing a systematic exploration of ihe locality, and are well satisfied with the outlook. Waucedah '^ - Turse is on the extreme eastern outskirt of the range, and the apparent richness of more western points has interfered with its righteous development. 68 The Menominee Iron Range. The mine referred to, which is of course but an "exploration" in the mining sense of the term, is the only shaft at present operating, and employs but a handful of mineis. Waucedah's chief present claim to notoriety rests in its possession of timber limits, ami farms. Over 1,500 men are employed in its winter lumber camps in which the Holnns, the Spaldings, the Kirby Carpenters, the Menominee River Lumber Co. and others ar^ interested. Waucedah trembling on the rim of eastern civilization and western devi 1 opment, remains immature. It has a population of 150, a post office, presided over In the pioneer prospector Mr. Saxton, and is visited by Catholic priest and Methodist minister at reasonable intervals. It is claimed, and with sound reason, that the explo- rations have all hfen limited to surface ones, and that if the true value of its treasure i:: desired it must be sought at a reasonable depth below the crust. Capital and labor are both needed in the development of a mine. Waucedah consists topographically of the N. W. 14: of the N. E. ]/l and the N. W. ]A of the N. W. ]i of Sec. 22, T. 39, R. 2S. Waucedah is waiting to be hypnotized. Seven miles from Waucedah by rail, in which interval you dip down over and up the valley of the Sturgeon river, noted for its speckled trout and the blue bucks which throng its forests, and you reach Vulcan. Vulcan is an adjunct of Norway town aiul rests its recognized claim to importance 349 feet above lake water. Here are the head- quarters of the great Penn Mining Co., whose properties extend to and beyond Norway, from which it is two miles distant. The Penn properties consist of the mines purchased from the Menominee Mining Co. in 1H85, the East and West Vulcan, the Norway, Cyclops, together with the Curry, Brier Hill and the Harrison. In March last the sh;ilt of the West Vidcan was destroyed by fire. A new shaft is now being sunk which will reach the old workings at a depth of 1000 feet. You are now within the charmed circle of irondom, and evidences of the industry are universally apparent. The high gr( y frames of open shaft houses, or the red towers of the enclosed ones, break the outline of the hill range which extends at alternating altitudes to beyond Iron Mountain. The sky line of these broken ridges is scarred with the banderoles of black smoke which pour from lofty iron stacks, and amid a clinging of bells and shrieking of locomotives, the rattle of empty ore cars and the more ponderous roar of loaded ones, you pull up at the Norway railway station ready for an investigation of its possibilities. The town of Norway was only incorporated as such during the present summer, previous to which it was a portion of the township bearing its name. Its area at the present time, inclusive of the township, is 5,760 acres, consisting of sections 31, 32, 33 of T. 40, R. 29, and sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, of T. 39, R. 29. The acreage inside the city limits according to Engineer Hellberg is nine square miles, but the acres as platted are 306 only. Of the 16 miles of named streets, four miles are graded, and equipped with 10,206 feet of sidewalk. The sewers under progiress, so far have been laid 1,400 feet. About 30 acres of the town plat lies on a dry level, about 60 is sandy and hilly, the remaining 166 acres being of a sandy loam with an average of ten to twenty feet above the swamp level. It is connected with Iron Mountain by telephone, and has a loc.il exchange with 27 subscribers, the central station being located in the drug store of Mi. Patenaude, County Coroner. Its total assessment, real and personal, amounts to S421' 000. It is 326 miles from Chicago, and at the level of the railway track, which rests slightly above the lower or south end of the town, is 379 feet above Lake Michigan. !i [IS not \ most ■f ilucer; )F .'UtP o J propel I ion gee f Scatte ■] and t I street? I greens 1; inee. The Menominek Iron Ranoe. 69 mining sense of ndful of miners. 1 mber limits, ami ^| ich the Holmes, ). and others arc A d western devi] ^resided over l>y ;| and Methodist , that the explo- it its treasure is -5: al and labor are raphically of the 22, T. 39, R. 2S. ivn over and up lue bucks which orway town ainl ;re are the heat!- beyond Norway, mines purchased n, the Norway, ch last the sluift sunk which will charmed circle The high grey eak the outline ountain. The smoke which of locomotives, you pull up at -esent summer. Its area at the tions 31, 32, 33 ;age inside the Lcres as platted equipped with laid 1,400 feel. and hilly, tlu' >nty feet above md has a loci! store of Ml. lounts to 5421 which re.s!^ Michigan. It is notable **-roughout the state as having within its limits the oldest, and some of the most important mines on the range, including the Penn Co. 's famous string of pro- [ducers, and the renowned Aragon. From the track going west, lies upon your right the old village location, now the sitr of the present business centre. To the south extend the additions to Norway proper, viz.: Fredrickton, Ingallsdorf, South Norway and Brier Hill— I have wished, longed I may say, to spell that word "Briar," but no one in Norway would allow me. Scattered over the newer property are the evidences of a newer era, modern residences and the less pretentious cottages of some of the mining population. Newly graded [streets streak its fallow acres, and a school house and a church or two relieve the gray [greens of its distant timber-scape which flanks the butte-like banks of the noisy Menom- linee, only two miles to its south. Upon your right and to the north is planted, as I I The "Current" Block. |say, the older town site, demonstrated in the blocks of red brick business houses which |rise above the more sober frame stores and which lend a metropolitan look to Norway, |which Carl Wendel, when he platted the village in the spring of 1879, little dreamed of. I A large portion of this original town site i-ested in a swamp, an unfilled but dried •lup portion of which, yet extends in a belt of about 100 yards from the dei)ot alongside 'Ithe railway embankment to the Harrison exploration, the sinking of which shaft under |so many difficulties, I have referred to. From this embaidsi 7,000, 885 half an acre! for $250 was sold 884, was sold for cal peg on which j an appearance, lions more endur- first church and! ished the church j . Anderson, nowj t the May mos st test-pits, and istance from ;ht woodman's axe. Tlie only fallen trees were those prostrate with senility, or storm snapped, or felled to Iniild the supply roads constructed of corduroy, and wliich led to the mines. In 1881 Mr. Anderson gave $525 for his property on Main street; it is now valued, improve- ments included, at :?6,ooo. At this time the "location" was situated in the township of lireitung. In 1881, Norway township was organized, and on April 27, 1891, the town of Norway was incor- j)orated. In 1878, Mr. L. F. Springer, now conducting a large furniture business, reached the place, and like all of the incomers at that period sought employment in the mines. In 1878, the first saw mill on the Menominee Range was erected at Norway, by [James and George O'Callaghan. Subsequently, John, another brother, entered the firm. The stumpage was purchased from the Canal Co. chiefly. From this date Norway entered upon a new era of development. Notwithstanding that the mills have been twice burned — once in 1881 and again in 1888, they are to-day, with new machinery, doing a larger business than ever. Their chief output consists of long timber for rail- [road bridging and timbers for the mines. Lumber runs up all the way from Sio to $35, ind $i^o a thousand. The capacity of the present mills is 40,000 feet per diem. The [logs are hauled from one to three miles. The available pine, however, is diminishing daily, and a local yield of but five years is now left. On the general subject of tiie Menominee lumber trade, I shall refer at greater length elsewhere. Noble stretches of hardwood lend their valuable aid to Norway's list o industrial possibilities. Maple and rock elm at present are largely utilized for flooring, md for finishing purposes, the birch that "waves and weeps" in the thickets that hem the Sturgeon river, is difficult to ecjual. To the north and on Pine Creek — one and a half miles from town — there is a Iglorious block of 3,000 acres, covered with magnificent hardwood, and upon which there Ishould be thriving homesteads, were it not for the policy of the Lake Superior Canal Co,, [which by its conservatism, places a monopolist's bar to settlement. In places, however, Ithere are farms which would do credit to eastern districts; but as the roads are excellent, land the market for every description of agricultural product adjacent and most remun- lerative, there is inviting room for the granger, and he can count on a hearty reception. On the old state road to the town of Menominee at the river's mouth, some sixty |m'les distant, there are some splendid farms, many of which are operated by lumbering irms, and used as a summer resort for their stock. Here also are raised the oats, jotatoes and other roots, consumed by the logging camps, and by the farm hands. But little beef is raised on the range, the most of all the meat being shipped from Chicago |in refrigerator cars, and retailed by the butchers at from ten to fifteen cents. On the S. % of N. E. J4- o^ Sec. 15, T. 39, R. 29, are spread tlie fruitful acres )f Lew Whitehead's Gold Hill farm, whose sloping lands rise ridgeways in the centre to an elevation which leaves Lake Hanbury a blue blanket 250 feet below. North and icross the track the iron range cuts the sky line over 700 feet above Lake Michigan, Ifrom which elevation as you follow its purple green rim, the mining shaft spires from Last Vulcan to Norway, split the endless walls of ether. Quartz with a showing of gold /as found on the hillside, hence the name. The farm of the Menominee Piver Lumber Co., known as the New York farm has )een worked for the last fourteen years. It is about five miles from Norway, and has 700 acres under cultivation, and is typical of many others in this section of the country. 7a The Mrnominee Iron Ranof. This year, thirteen acres produced 4,000 bushels of potatoes, the oat crop was 4,300 bushels and averaged 50 to the acre. Carrots, beets and mangold are raised in profusion. One hundred horses pastured out this summer. The buildings are modern and very costly, and 25 farm hands are kept busy attending to the crops and the stock. This year the company's logging camps are away up at Amassa, above Crystal Falls, to which place milk and other such delicacies have been sliipped twice a week. Mr. Juneau is the local Laban in charge. Dotting the neighboring townships are not a few prosperous homesteads, the farm products from which find a ready sale at their natrral market in Norway. The first postoflfice w ^pr • it higallsdo. f in 18 9, with C. B. Knowlton in charge. Mr. R. M. oamp&Ci:. ;; ..■ "sent postmaster, rates the yearly business now nt the following figures: Lett -sir. '20,000; letters mailed, 72,000; papers received, 54,000; papers mailed, 33,600. ,\ pret, '^od evidence of the quality of its inhabitants. The money orders sold the ordinary business In 1879, Captain John bar for Menominee in tives, arrived in the inter- ing Co., to manage the old on Section 4. This was 13,495 tons was shipped same summer the first being resurrected from the /ron Home of Ishpeming. N- White — named after plorers, is under the control physician to the Aragon for the Chicago and North- this connection it may be Mr. R, Fl.ANNIGAN. amount to ;?3,o8o, and to about $3,600 a year. Perkins, the sitting mem- the House of Representa- ests of the Cleveland Roll- Saginaw mine, opened up re-named the Perkins, and during the year. This newspaper was issued, it remains of the defunct A hospital — the Byron another of the early ex- of Dr. C. D'A. Wright, mine, and district doctor western railway, and in well to r.iention that it is a fact that the management of the various mines throughout the Norway district are generously prompt in disbursing money for the safety of their men. In the winter of 1879-80, the village scored a notch in mining advancement by placing an electric light plant in the Norway mine to facilitate the open pit work then in progress, the first of its kind on the Menominee Range. The rays of its incandescence- operated like a beacon guide, for co-temporary with its introduction, many of the now leading lights of Norway flocked to share in the wonders which it revealed, like moths to a candle, and a boom in mining development started. From this time on, business men of various callings visited the place only to cast anchor. The strangers within its gates accumulated and by 1883 had reached 3,000 souls. In i88o, Mr. Jas. H. Gee for sometime afterward township clerk — dropped in, and established the business which has assumed its present proportions in his brick block worth $5,000. Richard Oliver came at the same time and still continues business at the old stand. John Eklund also saw there was money in it and remained to stay. In 1882 came Richard Browning; in 1883, Wm. Ramsdell arrived embarking in business on his own account in 1888, and was lately elected first treasurer of the newly organized city. All have prospered. In 188", The Menominek Iron Range. 7$ op was 4,300 re raised i;i s are modern nd tbe stock, rstal Falls, to L week. Mr. are not a few : their natmil Knowlton in siness now at pers received, ts inhabitants. $3,080, and 5,600 a year. sitting mem- )f Representa- leveland Roll ne, opened up e Perkins, and year. This was issued, it the defunct 1 — the Byron the early ex D'A. Wright, district doctor way, and in tion that it is ay district arc vancement by pit work then incandescence ny of the now ed, like moths e on, business gers within its Jas. H. Gee lusiness which iichard Oliver n Eklund aho Browning; n 1888, and wis red. In 1880, 1 1 .Mr. K. C. Flamiigan opened hi.s l.iw othce in Norway, and by his enterprise and liberality of idea has done much to promote its stability. Me was prosecuting attorney from 1880 10 1886, and is to-day regarded as one o» the brightest lawyers in the peninsula, and at ' 'lead of his profv-ssion ii. fhe Range. In April of iHgi Mr. Flannigan was elected 11 mayor of Norway in 1884, Mr. Geo. O'Callaghan took up his permanent residence in the town and laid out Callaghan's u( ition; besides this property he owns consid- . , ole realty in Ingai idorf, for the lots in which he is findirig a ready sale at from 5 150 .300, located as they are within naif a mile of the postoffice. In 1881, Capt. H. J. Lolwell, one of the b • .t known mining experts in the Menominee, embraced Norway ti/.L'nship with all its opportunities. The prospects at Felch Mountain were waning 1 ho sought Norway as the securest harbor of refuge, and in partnership with Mr. Callaghan purchased Ho acres of village property from Carl Wendell, who owned the surface right as stated. Captain Colwell's opinion is entitled to respect. He has known tli'j peninsula for thirty years and the range since its discovery, ar . -ins his faith on dustria fu' ■;. He came in I' 7, \, Mr. Angus pri's (lo. ' of the Aragon time ^ lit for the Fre- Tr:jallsuorf properties. ' ■ on, ' of 1880 3 and the discovery of the now had been a period of com- developinent came restor- this time property which suddenly rose in impor- lots then held at $200, foot, with value steadily The Hood of Norway's As a herald of ihis redun- H. Rowe in 1886, estab- Norway's mineral and in- in "on the ground floor" Smith of Milwaukee, mine, and is at present (iorickton. Lakeside and Subsequent to the prior to 1887 the date of celebrated Aragcn, there mercial lassitude; with its ation of confidence. From had little market value, tance and worth ; corner changed hands at 1^200 a increasing up to date, fortunes ebbed no longer, dant prosperity came Jos. Mk. Jamks Ji. Knioht. lisliing in that year his hotel on Summit avenue. The great urban fire of the following year, though it laid the town in ashes and reduced his hotel to a cinder, kindly spared Mr. Rowe. His present rest iv Jie weary, with "every modern convenience" challenges the traveller as he traverses Cyclops avenue from the depot townwards. Should you ever visit Norway — as of course you will after reading this — don't fail to call upon my ^'enial friend "Joe Rowe." Meanwhile Mr. James B. Knight, who had severed his connection with the Penn Mining Co. because interested in the publication of the Current, the editorial and proprietory responsibilities of which he assumed by purchase in 1886. That his efforts towards developing an interest in the great Iron Range by his reliable representations of the mineral out-look, have not been wasted, is evidenced by the estimation in which the paper and its publisher are held. In the management of the Current the proprietor is ably abetted by his popular coadjutor, Mr. J. McNaughton, assistant editor. In 1887 Mr. Knight was appointed Inspector of Mines for the county. In 1878 the town was demolished by a consuming fire. It was a red letter day in tX- ■^: 74 Tm Mknominfir Iron- Ranc.f.. its truest s«.>nse tliou>,'li, tor hricks, mortar and masonry inuncdiatcly were pressed inid service, and at one*; inijjarted the metropolitan air wliicli today possesses the plac e. 1 have ^iven yon an outline of its growth, let me now brieHy present its actualities and possilnjities. To-day, with its tributary mines, etc., it has a population of about 4,000 people. The majority of these are engaf^ed in mining', in farming,', in the woods, the saw n)ill, ami on the railway, and the ordinary l)usiness of the city. The streets are well gradnj, well sidewalked, and well drained. It is essentially a healthy place. The drinking water is at present supplied by wells, and is pure, h'or tire protection the adit built l)\ the Peiin Co. to carry away the surface water from the mines, yields an inexhaustilli supply, and replenishes the reservoirs throughout the town, and keeps the big dit( li, which flows by the Fire Hall, level full. The fire department, which is provided over by V. Alich, maintains an efficient staff. The rate of tire insurance is one per cent. The township taxes have so far been three per cent. The city rate has not yet been struck. Several lakes fed by flowing springs beautify the town. Lake Mary at Fredrickton is 100 feet deep. At Lake view is another picturestpie sheet of water. For the protection of life and property there is a small but efficient police force— two politf men under the marshalship of W. J. Hunt. The bars of the lock-up are rusty throuf,'h disuse. Dr. O. M. Sattre, who with Dr. Jones is physician for the Penn Co., is also health officer, complains of lack of practice in medicine. The citizens are in disgustingly good health. Of churches there are a plethora. There is a Swedisii Lutheran, a Swedish Methodist, and a Swedish Baptist; there is an Episcopal Methodist and two Roman Catholic edifices, one French and the other Italian. Mr. Bergman, Mr. Edwards and Father Reinhardt, severally look after the welfare of these congre- gations. The Roman Catholic church and school house stands on the lofty hilltop across the track, reached by three long flights of steps, from the railway station, and commands a splendid view of the surrounding country. The property consists of thrm acres, upon which also stands the church school, conducted by the Sisters of St. Francis, with Sister Cassiana in charge, and an attendance of nearly 200 children. The local Board of Education is presided over by Mayor Flannigan and consists of eight otiier members, viz.: Messrs. Per Larsson, D. A. Stewart, James O'Callaghan, And. Rein ward, G. A. Hellberg and R. C. Browning. Mr. S. B. Tobey is the superintendent, and aided by nine lady teachers instructs a daily average of 325 children, representing thirteen different nationalities. These, however, soon acquire the English tongue, which, by means of object lessons is quickly imparted. There are two school houses, one on Nelson street the other at the Curry mine. A new brick school house of modern design is now being built on the Brier Hill addition, at a cost of $19,000, and here Mr. Jansen is offering some beautiful lots at from $150 to 5175. Here also south of the track and east and west of Main street the Sweed ish Lutherans are erecting a new and handsome church and parsonage. On Main street the Hotel Husson, with its accomodation for forty guests and modern equip ments, offers every convenience for tourists or travelers under Mr. Aug. Husson's mm agement. The leading lines of trade are ably represented, and when the mines .ire producing at full capacity, business is booming. Whilst no especial invitation is given to retail merchants, Norway has singular inducements to offer the managers of industrial enterprises. Tl Lake 1 Fenn ( • xplorc lion, pi leading I'reside liarvej The Mknominkf. Iron Ranok. 75 ere pressed into losses the plai iv actualities mid t 4,000 people. Is, the saw mill, are well f^racUd, The drinking he adit built by an inexhaustitilc i the bin dit( li, is provided over is one per cent, is not yet been Lake Mary at t of water. For rce — two police- e rusty throuf,'h enn Co., is also citizens are in re is a Swedish scopal Methodist Mr. Bergman, f these congK! le lofty hill-top way station, and consists of three s of St. Francis. ren. The local s of eight otlicr lan, And. Rein chers instructs a lalities. These, essons is quickly ler at the Curry n the Brier Hill tiful lots at from | treet the Sweed- i age. On Main! 1 modern equip- Husson's man- n the mines are! ay has singular; It IS Id till- centre ot a niagnihcent section ot liaKlwuiid tind)iT. snitaiilc ior niann t,i( uire into every class of woodenwarc, laiue quantities ot wliicli aic re(|nired on the lange, andon which the consumer now pa\ s . It employs about lUj^ men. It is equipped with two hoisting shafts, one 6x14 feet with double skip-road and one 7x15 with tlouble cage-road, and „ timber shaft 5x10, 340 feet deep. The ore is first minetl in rooms across formation, with pillars of ore left standing, l^illars and rooms are about 20 feet wide. All openings are timberetl and sa n d to prevent a 1) o V e ore body mine. But little first and second posit has rapidly in- to fifth level. The is 300 feet long and is filled with two with five and six by Webster, Camp (3., and one Rand, compressor driving Drills. A Worth- filled with rock or water from swamp from breaking into ore was found on levels, but the de- creased from third principal ore body up to 150 in v/idth, hoisting plants foot drums, made (S: Lane of Akron, and one Norwalk 30 No. 3 Rand Nei.son Street— Lookinc. South ington pump raises 500 gallons of water per minute from (fourth level) 340 feet. l"or jiumping from fifth to fourth a No. 10 Cameron is used. The Aragon is a new producer, but is regarded by experts as a coming wonder. The officers of the company in Milwaukee are Angus Smith, President, Chas. Himrood, Chicago, Vice President, A. W. Wilkins, Secretary, Angus Smith, Treasurer. Thk I^i;nn MiNiNf. Companv. The property on which the Penn Co. 's mines are situated is leased from the Lake Superior Ship Canal Co., to whom a fixed royalty per gross tons is paic'. The Penn Co. employs about 750 men. On the Brier Hill property, abandoned in 1S83, explorations are now being renewed and together with the celebrated Harrison explora- tion, promises well. The Penn Co. controls a magnificent property and is one of the leading ore producing corporations on the range. President, P. Stackhouse; Vice President, Jno. Townsend; General Manager, Wm. Kelly, Vulcan; Secretary, Treasurer, Harvey Ellis. Head offices, Philadelphia. TiiK Mknominf.k Iron Ranoe. I.isr ol MINKS IN THK NOKWAY DISTUICT. Namr. OWNRKN, BUPKHINTHNDKNT. FiBitT HlIirMKNTN. C'I.AK8 UK OKK. IKUN. t'llOH. AraKon 'Aiikus Sinitliia al I'tT Larssoii. . |KH<) Castile Arauon IngallK Granada. . , Hreen Mim'...S. I'. Saxton. Hreen Hri'i 400,<)(>7 J')..1.S" 19,40) 1,409,784 Four miles west of Norway, at an elevation of 458 feet above Lake Michigan or scv entynine feet nearer heaven lies picturesque Ouinnf^sec, verdant and pastoral and printed in letters of jjrass which to-day unworn by trafic over runs its sidewalks. The story of its early creation under Mr. Buell has been written. It was platted in 1875 and the Whit beck addition pinned on in 1877-8; a hotel and school house was built the same year by Mr. Buell, who practically-, th(iUf.(h yoiinf,' in years, is the patriarch of the village. In the spring of 1877 the railway reaclu'd its limits, and the first paper, the Qiiiiincsii Hi'Porler, under Mr. Penberthy's editorship was founded. Quinnesec fairly hummed with industry for a while, and is historically remarkable as being the point at which a large number of the now prominent men of the range first engaged in business, and the point from which, at the time of its apparently final decadence, they fled. The output of its mine gradually diminished, its operators declaring that its ore bed was closing out, whilst per contra their were others who insisted that it was the manage ment who were thus effected. Be this as it may, most of the passengers deserted tiif sinking ship. After producing 283,323 tons of ore the mine was abandoned. With implicit confidence in the hidden possibilities of the place Mr. Buell, renewed his explo rations last November, and with a diamond drill on the west line of the town, on the N. y'z, Sec. 3, T. 3(j, R. 30, within a hop, skip and jump from the school house door, 308 feet below the surface, revealed a fine grained magnetic ore, the first of its kind developed on the range. In conjunction with Dr. Crowell and Mr. J. T. Jones of the Hamilton Ore Co., a two cage working shaft is now being sunk, and from an analysis of the ore the promoters are justly enthusiastic over the discovery. The vein is declared to be seventy feet wide and its product Bessemer. Mr. Buell asserts very positively that the usual method of surface exploration is bound to be disappointing; the true ore bed must be sought in the depths below, and if this system is pursued t'lc whole country from Vulcan to the Menominee river west, which is in no sense explore 1, should be found to be full of profitable metalliferous deposit. Tmk Mknominkk Ikon KANiir,. 77 Total Output. , 0,600 4«.33'' iHoi) 2,000 i,l62 7J''" 7.-'7'' 1.97' 14,006 See Vulcan 14,0^1 100,474 ■i7J.7"7 1, 242,406 400, 067 JO. .15" 10.4") i,40'J.7«-t Michif^an or scv toral and printed The story of its '5 and the Wiiit ■\\v same year by the village. In r, the QuiHHesic fairly hummed ])oint at which a ;ed in business, they lied. The its ore bed w;is was the manage- ers deserted the ;indoned. With lewed his explo he town, on tlie ool house door, first of its kind T. Jones of tlic om an analysis The vein i? ell asserts very I disappointiiii,'; 1 is pursued tie sense explori 1, * Hefore I takr you any further west, it is but ri^ht that I should introduce you to the i.iilway which has brought you thus far, and o| whose erxtiaordinary transportation lac "ties you have but faint conception. It first reached (juinuesec in 1877 and carried tior the range for eastern furnaces 78,028 tons of ore. In 1H90 it conveyed to the port .i| ICscanaba, past VVaucedah, from Norway and points on the Menominee and other iron ranges west, 3,792,009 tons of ore, besides taking the lion's share of 1,321,544 tons sliippeil by all rail to Chicago and elsewhere. That the Chicago and Northwestern moves in a mjsterious way and performs won ders is a fact acknowledged by the traveler whose business or pleasure takes him to tlu' solemn woods of Michigan. I have already related the intimate connection which this viaduct — forev»'r sounding with the hum of unceasing travel bears to the ore develop nicnt of the Menominee, for it was tht.' vanguard of the army of commercial salvation which invaded the ranges and awakened their slumbering possibilities to a proper sense of trade responsibility. VUI.CAN ANO CURKV MiNES, PlNN MiNINC Co. The man who originally declared that trade followed the flag, failed to make his excellent axiom wi Uy complete. The flag, par excellence, which beckons trade, is the inviting ensign whicli floats from every locomotive that hauls a train over the steel rails of the Chicago and N irthwestern railway, and its vast railway system signally demon- strates this. In 1850 trains were first run over the Galena and Chicago Union Railway, consisting of only 42 miles of track. To-day you can travel over its roau-bcd for 7,000 miles and traverse nine states and territories without exhausting the mileage published in its time cards. Of this total there are 14 miles in N. Dakota, 130 n\ Wyoming, o^-i ill Michigan, 820 in Minnesota, 998 in S. Dakota, 1,272 in Nebraskii, 1,344 in Juwa, 1,506 in Wisconsin and 594 in Illinois. In a word it gridirons the country of its occu- pation, and receives a tribute from the varied resources of the latitudes exploited. It 78 Thk Mknominek. Ikon Rangk. holds as it were in tlu> interests of proj^iess. a tiiuh- coinmission issued by the world of coininerce, to develop tl\e discoveries of the inineral explorer, the pine hunter and tlic husbandman, anil connect the centres of trade. It penetrates the ore lands anil waki s the echoes of the sombre forests of Michigan ; it rouses with its whistle the prainc farmers of Minnesota, whose golden wheat lands bow to its advent ; it encourages the corn sheller of Iowa and offers him profitable barter for his yellow grain : it stirs Wis- consin into rivalry with her adjacent states, cementing in friendly competition aggressive "wolverine" and industrious "badger;" -'t infuses hope and contentment in the minds of the ranchers of Nel.rask'.i and Wj'oming, and incites the prospectors of the latter territory into renewed effort to "strike" more oil ; it affords vigorous Dakota admirable opportunity to discharge the metallic wealth of its famed Black Mills; it measurably assists to dev(>lop Colorado's boundless possibilities, and forges the link of direct trade between Portland, on Oregon's Pacific slope, and Chicago, mistress of the greatest saltless seas in Christendom. It conveys the merchant pressed for time and hnrryin;; to complete his western engagements, by a transit of wonderful rapidity to the twin giants of St. Paul and Minneapolis ; it connects with close alphabetical touch Chicago and Denver, and permits the world's sight-seer to explore at his leisure the famed diorasua of the Yellowstone National Park, which eclipses with its vistas the sacred Euphrates. You can reach San Francisco direct from Chicago without leaving j'our Pullman, or you can visit Pierre, the capital of South Dakota, by an uninterrupted highway which knocks into smithereens the celebrated "street called straight" in Damascus. Nearly 1,200 locomotives and 38,000 cars are necessary to transport the passengers, mail and freight originating at the 1,300 stations on its line. It requires 1,000 conductors witii heroic zeal to guard its trains, 150 of wdiich, with 2^5,000 passengers daily arrive anil depart from the great central passenger station at Chicago. It conveys the products of a country of inexhaustible natural resource, a very empire of staple products, and is awaiting to-day to carry you into the heart of the Menominee to help to develop with your aggressive manhood, your labor and your capital, the richest fields of Bessemer in the universe. The Chicago and Northwestern is the only road which has direct connection with Norway cr its eastern points, and the business man, the tourist or the sportsman may rest complete confidence in the management of its vast system which will land him at the objective point of his desire. Its vestibuled coaches, its dining cars, its smooth road bed and its bridges of steel, guarantee him the greatest luxurj' of modern travel and a safe and pleasant interruption to his journeyings when he halts to investigate the magnetic influences of wonderful Iron Mountain. )y llie world nt liuntcr and tlic nds and wak( s tie the praiiic bncouruf^'es tlie ; it stirs Wis- tion aggressi\(' it in the minds ; of the latter Uota admirable it measurably of direct trade f tlie greatest and hurryiiii; ity to the twill touch Chicago ure the famed stas the sacred ur Pullman, or highway whieli ascus. Nearly igers, mail and onductors with ly arrive and le products of oducts, and is develop with Bessemer in 3nnection with lortsman mav land him at irs, its smooth ern travel and nvestigate the ;_ < a< o IS D o e « in in 8 -1 N 1-1 "*"^ •-• fl -r 001 8 tn o_ "I •TOO - PI § 8 8 § § 8 N X in ^n 1^ r •r m m o^ X 1- t^ in in m i ^ T^ p m r t-^ in in CI in X rr) \0 c rn C u-j in rn 10 C^ 00 m c> in ■n t- m t^ H m « N rt rt in rt a c n rt c rt c B T c c c J2 E 3 "o U in C ^ a rt 1? rt OJ re rt tJC 61 BO u c c H c c u C tn > c in IT! 5 is ^ tn J3 in u CI. s t/ R ■V "5 1) .2 'u 6i 0. x u. c 9. a I. tf) c 'c c ' 1 4 •7 >> ; 9 rt 1- (\ O. ^ CC C c ►3 c s a. y t/3 > > > L o in lO o o X \ * o J:; i Z Thk Citv ok Norwav. The C/ty o/'iVorwa_y is situated in the heart of the Menoriiinee Range, and tlie first building was erected in 1877. The city which contains about 4,000 inhabitants, is surrounded by Iron Mines, among which are the Cyclops, Norway, Perkins, Stephenson, Aragon, Harrison, Brier Hill, Curry and Vulcan. It is situated about two miles from the Menominee river, which divides Michigan from Wisconsin. The Chicago & Northwestern, and the Iron Mountain, Escanaba & Western railways pass through it. It is surrounded by good .Far/n/n^ lands, and no one who has undertaken to till the soil, has failed to reap a rich reward. The lands when taken up, have usually been heavily wooded and have yielded a good profit in Cord Wood, Telegraph Poles, Posts, Ties, Hemlock Bark and Sawlogs. A ready Market is found for all these and succeeding crops, i*iid to the seeker after a comfortable home, the locality presents unusual attractions. The city is the most healthy on the range, and has many beautiful Building sites. Some of these situated on the banks of its deep picturescjue £,aites cannot be surpassed. It has five Churches of different denominations and four School Houses- By a recent vote of the people a $ig,ooo High School building is now being erected. All the prominent benevolent Societies are represented, and socially the community is second to none in the state. While the Mining Industry will always be the principal one, the opportunities for the establishment of Wooden Ware factories. Sash, Door and Blind factories, Lime Kilns and numerous smaller enterprises, are unlimited. Norway would be an excellent point for the establishment of a small Foundry and Repiir Shop, as its proximity to the Mines insures a good business. For this purpose a suitable site would be donated. City Officials. i Dry Go Hon. R. C. Flannigan, Mayor. Board of Aldermen Capt. Thomas Oliver, J. B. Knight, Francis Blackwell, E. J. Quarnstrom, W. M. Ramsdell, Treasurer. Johi Bunt, Marshal. Malcolm Anderson, Dr. C. D'A. Wright, A. Sparapani, Frank Sala. Donald Cameron, .lilorney. Charles Swanson, Clerk. Frank Ahlich, Chief of Fire Hept Dr. O. M. Sattre, Health Offie. v. Flanagan, Jiisiiees of Peaee Thomas Hay, William Wilco.x, Alexis Patenaude, NORWAY BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS. :lange, and tlie inhabitants, is IS, Stephenson, vides Michigan n, Escanaba & taken to till the have yielded a '•k and Sawlogs. he seeker after )portiinities for factories, Lime Foundry and J r this purpose on, Altonity. re, If.alifi OJfic Attorneys and Justices — Camkron, Don. Patenauue, a. Druggists — FlNNEflAN, El). I'ATENAUnK, A. Dry Goods — Gee, Jas. H. LusTFiELu Bros. Furniture — Springer, L. F. di Co. General Merchandise — Browing, Lindahl & Co. Perkins, |no. & Son. Groceries and Crockery — Anderson, M. Hardware— Photographers — Ramsdei.i., Wm. BORDEWICH c'i ESKII.I.. Hotel— HtissoN, A. Real Estate— COLWKI.I., H. J. Insurance - Jansen, F. .v. 0'CALL.A(il'.AN, T. O'Cai.i.agiian, (Ieo. Jeweler— Stationery and Notiovs — ECKLI'ND, [no. Sampson, R. M. Livery — Keating, J M. Tailor— Gardiner, H. r. Manufacturers— O'Cai-I-aghan Bros. & Co. Wines and Lit/uors- Newspaper — The Cdrrent. Oliver, R. C. Rowe, Joseph. GEORGE O'CALLAGHAN, -DEALER IN LUMBER STUMPAGE AND WILD LANDS FOR SALE. REAL ESTATE. Choice Building Lots for Sale in the City of Norway. O'Callaghan's Addition to Norway and to the Town of Ingallsdorf consisting of Residences and Busi- ness Proparties, THE CURRENT A live weekly newspaper especially devoted to ! the pnblication of matters of interest connected with the explo' .tion, development and prof^ress of the Iron Kanne of the Upper Peninsula, and of the "Menominee Iron Range" in particular. This paper, besides being an excellent paper as regards local matters, is liberally electic and as such presents the leading current news and opinions on subjects of special interest to its large list of sub- scribers. As a recognized authority on Mining atfairs, and reaching as it does nearly every mining camp on the Upper Peninsula, the Current presents an admirable medium 'ir advertising mining Machinery. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $2,00 PER YEAR. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION. J. B. KNIGHT. Editor and Prop'r. J. H. MACNAUGHTON, Ass't Editor. 82 Business Dirf.ctory ok Norway, Mich. O'CALLAGHAN BROS. S CO. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OK RouQh and Dressed Lumber SHINGLES, POSTS, TIES, LoNQ Joist and Bridqe TI^/[BKRS, AND DEALERS IN SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, MOULDINGS, ETC. NORWAY, MICH. W. M. Raivisdell, Mgr. DEALER IN Shelf *^ Heavy Hardware, Mining ^ Lumbermen's Supplies TINWARE, TIN AND IRON ROOFING, DOORS AND SASH, BRICK AND LIME, VILAS' PREPARED PAINTS, OILS, ETC. AGENT FOR DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINES. Or X"' ♦ JAMES H. GEE, DEALER IN J Goods, • Boots, • Shoes, * Groceries AND GEi^ERAL MERCHANDISE. FOiJiKlN F.aCR ^aGE on ALL PARTS OF EUROPE. OCEAN TICKETS, ETC. BusiNKss DiKKcroKv (IK Ndkwav, Mum. «3 K. A. JANSON, MINING ENGINEER PENN IRON MINING CO. Examinations oi-- anii Kkwokts madk ri'oN Minim; 1'uoi'Ekiies. NOR'WA.Y. MICH. rr^ t'l n Tl IH r\V \ T T?OT A TT? '"'* lors for sale, chokk p.nsiNKSs and kksioenc-e III I IH I ^1 nr A rN A r i-kopekty in the brur hill mining ccs addii'ion, upon LllJJUi IH LIIjAL JJU 1 a 1 U which I'KOI'ERTY in course of construction ark Tin: NKW CITY HIGH SCHOOL, TUB SffHDlSJI IJITIIKRAN CHURCH, AND A M«BRR OF PRIVATE RKSHiKNCKS. JOHN E^KLUNn, UKAI.EK IN RICHARD C. OLIVER, ^*'^r,v!;< ,!^!^^J^''"'' Wines, Liquors and Cigars .1 /•'((// Line of Musical Instruments. Repaikino A Spkciai.ty. MAIN STREE'I', NORWAY. M. ANDERSON. PEALEK IN GROCKRIES, CROCKERY, ETC. MAIN STREET, NORWAY. MICH. ADOLI'II I.U8TFIF.I.D. ALFRKD LUSTFIKLD CIIAS. LUSTFIEI.D. "The Leader," LUSTFIFLD LiOS,, Props. MAMMOTH DRY GOODS AND (ILOTHING EMPORIUM HKAnyUAKTERS FOR CARPETS, CLOAKS, HATS. SHOES, TRUNKS, FURNISHINC; GOODS, And all such Ootids usually carried in a F'irst Class Store. ONE PRICE CASH PLAIN FIC.URES. THE LARGEST STORE IN NORWAY, MICH. CHAS. LUSTFIELD. MANAOSH. ANTON ODILL, WHOLESALE WINKS, LIQUORS AND CIGARS SALOON KIN I IKES, ETC. Imported Wines, fornia Wines and Champagn' ays on hand. SAMPLE ROOM .\ WHOLESALE DEPT. Nelson Sti , Norway, Mich. MY RETAIL BDSINT WILL BE KEPT AS USUAL, The Best ok Accommodations kok the Travelinc. PL'HLIC. LARr.K ^\Mli.E iioOM ANII 1K \I.KRb IN Parlor, Bed Room & Kitchen FtlRNITtlTIE Bedding, Window ^ades, F^icsturti f^reiFFies, Eeisels, Etcs. CORNER OF MAIN STREET AND SUNSET AVENUE, NORWAY, MICH. UNDERTAKING DEPARTMENT OPEN DAYps^^NIQHT. EMBALMING A SPECIALTY Business Diukctokv oi Nokwav, Mich. 85 JOHN PERKINS SAMUBL PERKINS »N, r LAW, I. [PSON, Jr., ationerv, s tic Ci^ar.s V, Mich. parts of Europi' ow Shades, ICH. SPECIALTY JOHN PEWK'IXS & t^OX, rii,VI,KKS IN GENERAL ME5RCHANDISE Established 1880. - - - Stock Complkte in Every Line. NORWAY LIVERY STARLE, W J. KEATING, PROP'R. LIVERY Sale and Boardina Stable. Hearse and Car-r-iages Fur'nished for Fiiner-als. Special attention 10 Hunting, Camping and Fish- ing Parties. FINNEGAN'S DRUG STORE EDWABl) FIN.NEGAN'. FHIIP'H. GEE BUILDING, - MAIN STREET. I'l'KK, fkf:sh drugs, I'.\TEXT MEUICLXKS, TOfLKT ARTICLES, STATIONERY, ETC. pRESCRIi rtl)'.. CvKEKI I.I.V CoM I'OIN DKl). INORWAY INSURANCE AGENCY TSIOS. O' J^C-i-EnSTT. Rktrksenting Seven of the Oi.n .and Le.xdini; Fire Insur.\noe Cos. .Vccident I'oi.icies also Issi.ed. BORDEWICH & ESKIL PHOTOGRAPHERS Cr.iyon Portraits and <)ii l'aintinf,'s a Specialty. riiotonraphy in all its liranches, Mining aiul Longing Vii'Ws always on Hand. I'luito- graphs from Life, .nnd Copies, reduced or enlarged and tinisheil in the finest .style. JOSEPH ROWE, niC.M.KK IN NELSON STREET, NORWAY. MICH. Imported Wines LIQUORS P.^* CIGARS, CYCLOPS AVE.. NORWAY, MICH. H. F. GARDINER, MERCHANT TAILOR MAIN STREET, - - NORWAY, MICH. ■/■; in o o o as > I •s: a U 4 Xlctl'IIlllI jMiii' clai irises to j fi'ndividiii Sj'ou are 4 The ■; ar.il is oi :|ncarly i, Iniaiiy ye Isingular lof, in its |2ist of : linterests :*f(iiniatioi jones- -\vi |a(iministi ipolilical I |- its acc( pallairs, w ieedin<; ; Now iiiilustria! referred t to submit CHAPTICK \' (ONTIM'KI)) rillC C\T\ OI' IKON MOUNTAIN. v'< ■k.ki X 9 X iv N \\ . lihi'oT Ikon Mointain. Fork' miles fr )in ( hiiiinescc, but still upwards, liaviiij; f,';iinL'(i J3 tcft ol altituilc ill I'vcry iiiilf of travel, an 1 \\v reach the capital of Dickenson County, which rests its acres of uikIu- atiu^' pleasantness 550 feet above the waters of Micliif^an. We are still at about the same r('lati\e (Hstance from the river, but have readied the ter- minus of the abrupt spur of hills wiiicii determine the boundaries of the local Iron Mountain, and which in tlie case of the piiie c lad cape. Green Mountain, which stands at gaze over the valley of the Menominee, sciine 250 feet above the surrounding territory on the west, and "lluj^hitts" wliich rises to about the same elevation on the east side of the town lends an air of physical I'lidix idiialitv to tliese mysterious vistas of country, tlu; development of wliose resources Villi are commencing to realize, are all in their callow infancy. The population of Iron Mountain in iS8u was less than 150; to-day it is over g,ooo, ar.d is one of the few towns of the peninsula which has increased its population by nearly 1,000 souls every year since the *irst day of its existence. Originally and for >niany years, part and parcel of, and within the boundaries of Menominee county, its .singular qualifications which it shared in common with Norway were largel)' lost sight ■ of, in its geographical relation to the county town, 70 miles to the southwaril. On the '21st of May, iScji, agitation had its reward, and the promoters of its metropolitan :jiiit(,'rests had the satisfaction of seeing their efforts crowned with victory by the formation of the new county of Dickenson — carved out of the area of unwieldy existing ;Oiies — with its courts of justice, and its public institutions removed to the new centre of administration. Iron Mountain. Tho' this result had not been accomplished without political tergiversation — a great temporary source of etlitorial material for range journals - its accomplishment was accepted as the only legitimat(; solution of the contlition of tallairs, which necessitated oii the part of tlu; client, the law-giver, or the prospector ^needing adjudication of his claims, a Sabbath day's journey to rcmiote Menomvnee town. Now as in this chapter descrii)tive of Iron Mountain, I intend to elaborate upon the -•iinluslrial opportunities, which are applicabli; in a greater (jr less degree to an'ry town retcrred to and wliich form the key to the ittilizablc resources of the whole ran^e, I propose "to submit the veriest outline sketch of its history and its people, giving the greater 88 Till" Mknomimf.f Iko\ Kanck. amount ot iittiMitioii ti) the trade possiliilitics wliich it to daj jjrcstMits to tlu' man in I search of protitabKi iiivi'stiiifiits. Ill 1^7^) tlie first loc()motiv(' stoatTKnl its wav round the curve and lialtctl where ih- (lepcn, in charge of Mr. Stiles, now stands in tlie ci-ntre of tin- town. I'lcvious to tliis, the city was in tlie wilderness. It was known as "Section 30" in the early days, ami al j the time of Quinnesec's decease hecanu; the asylum for its most prominent men of hiisi n(!ss, Messrs. A. F. Wright and Iliif^h McLauf^hlin moving' in at that time. In iSjh. tluire were hut four places occupied for tlu; purposes of trade, one a general store iiin | liy Mr. C. K. I'arent, Andy Hoyington's hotel, where Hocking's saloon now stands, H. O. Pliill)rof)k's store and postolfice, Louis Dittmeyer's shoe making emporium and Frank .Ayer's "temptation sho|)." This was in the good old days when thetradinnj shacks were so diminutive tiiat the luiriy miner, when indulging in the luxury of ;i | clean "out lit " iiad to move out on to the highway in order to try on his "pants." The tt)wn al tiiis time for a song. Tradition Flesiieim who had the Van Cleve, the surveyor, it was a repetition of tlu' much territory and few faith enough in it to have tliese (la\'s, according to go out "gunning" and shot of the present "Felch ducks disputed the right avenue. With the de- fnl Chapin and Lumber- in, the camp of fifty souls tudes, the story of its and fresh additions were Mu. John K. Wood. could liave been boii^'lil| any way says that Jot. place platted, offered ittoj for "nothing." However I old story, there was so were to be found with] "any use for it." Inj Mr. Felch, a man coiilil shoot a deer within ritlej Hotel," whilst the ^'tyj of way on Stephenson j velopment of the wondci men's mines, men poiiir.; soon swelled its multi treasures were circulated | tacked on to the villaj,'e, 1 The first of these were the Stephenson and Flesheim, then the Jenkins and Spies, tlitiiJ the St. Clair, the Hamilton, Merryman, and the Rosenheim, until the town like "Topsy,' "growed and growed," and verified Mr. De Veres prophecy and became the little giant! of the Menominee. Joseph Hambly kept the first boarding house in 1S78, co-temporarM with the sinking of the first Chapin shaft, an excellent view of which I have given else where. Amongst the citizens identified with the early history of the town, were A. 1". Wright, H. McLaughlin, W. W. I'elcii, J no. Friedrichs, Dr. Cameron, Geo. F. Seibuit. Ed. J. Ingram, Sol. Noble, R. L. Ilammond, H. De Vere, X'ivian Chellew, W. Hockliig.j Oliver Evans. Major Trndell, K. S. Buck, S. Mortensen, Arthur Flatt, J. E. Robhiiis. E. Croli, M. Cileason, Aldermen Hancock, Dr. Crowell, Carl Sciuildes, City Clerk Sav- ing, J. I). Cudlip, A. J. Leve(]ue, B. H. Scott, J. B. Weimer, (ieo. Alexander, Jnlir.| Rule, Jos. Lemieux. the Merritt Bros, ail enterprising citizens, and F. W. McKinney. who was active in his efforts to advertise the advantages of the place — besides ni.irn^ others whose indifference however, to written requests for information must rest tliej reason for omission of reference in these pages. Mr. John R. Wood of the Fii^- National Bank, who prospected for mineral as early as March, 1S79, and became man.:;^er| TiiK Ml NoMiNi.i Iron Kamjk. 89 s to till' man iiltcd wlii'if t|i 'rtsvioiis to tliis, rly (liiys, and at int nu'ii of liusi- t time. In i.SjS uncral stort; run 1 now stands, R 9 cniporiiim .md | dien the trading tlic luxury of a i "pants." v(! been boui^hi ' says tliat Jm tted, offered It tc unf(. " However y, tlu.Tc was n b(j found will ^c for it." Ii: ;li, a man Cdiili: deer within ritli whilst the ^rt} on Stephen sdii nt of tiio wondui ines, men pourt'i! elled its miilti ! were circulated to the villiij^e. and Spies, tlieiif u like "Topsy,' e the little gian;"! 78, co-temporan | lave given elsi | wn, were A. F Geo. F. Seibiil. w. W. Hocking.|j J. E. Robbms City Clerk Sav- \le.\ander, J 'lii| W. McKime;, -besides ni iny| n must rest tlic| od of the Mrs: )ecame man, ;^er] |(it tlic Coriifll mine, ano ThkDMknominff. Iron Ranok. gi u Its. It lias J2 miles of streets. Laj)al)le ot beiny driven over, ami tour miles of streets ^railed .is level as a ship's deck. The width of these streets varies from 60 to 80 feet. It has 40.000 lineal feet of sidewalks, much of which 1 may add sadly wants renewing, hiis four miles of sewer under contract, and about eight miles additional will be laid 111 \t year. It has a water-works system valued at ^250,000, it has an electric light (■(inipment, a telephone exchange, including connection with Norway, and it has a gas plant in course of construction. Its police force consists of a marshall, T. \i. Catlin, ami eight men. The fire department consists of a brigade of ten paid firemen, with V. \V. I'arker as chief. The men have their quarters in the fire halls on Ludington and Second streets, which are connected by electricity with 27 alarm boxes distril)uted tlnoughout the citj', making one of the most perfect systems on the peninsula. Both halls have a Clapp and Jones engine and 3,000 feet of hose. The leading insurance companies in the country carry a heavy aggregate of safe risks in Iron Mountain. Under the custody of Mr. (ieo. V. Seibert, the present postmaster, the yearly busi- ness based upon that of one week, shows approximately as follows: — Letters mailed 31^6,500: received, 341,585. Papers mailed, 31,587; received, 40,470. Money orders issued, 57,920; paid, 34,361. Not a bad showing for g,ooo people, of whom 2,i2y are lietween the ages of hve and of twenty. It has two weekly papers, which are sought for liy both Republican and Democrat. The one, the Iron Raii^f, published and edited by Mr. R. W Tuten, who has controlled its destinies since January, 1884, and of late with Mr. Smiley's aid, it having been originally established by Mr. Swift in April, 1879; the otlier, the Dickinson County Journal, established by Berry & Larson, i88(j, but leased in 1 888, and purchased in i88g, by Mr. Herb. Smith, the present publisher and editor, under whose management it now flourishes as a semi-weekly. The Western Union Tele- graph Co.'s office, in charge of H. A. Mead, handles some 18,000 messages a year. The city is divided into five wards. The following comprise the Board of Aldermen: Mayor, F. J. Trudell; First Ward, Oliver Symons, Charles I'orrell; Second Ward, H. Shields, W. H. Sweet; Third Ward, D. A. Ciraham, Win. Catlin; Fourth Ward, W. H. Hancock, E. F. Brown: Fifth Ward, A. Hunting, L. Tebo; Treasurer Oliver Kvans; City Clerk, John J. Saving; Dr. E. Myers, Health Officer. Appended is a state- ment furnished by the several Supervisors, showing the ward assessments : I'KKSONAI. rKOl'KKTY. REAI. KsTATE. AcRKS. First Ward, H. McNaim'hton. Supervisor $7.a.Sr) $ 89,906 ;{2() Second" \V. Trestrai! " 19,991,' l,o:{."),7()0 +S() " Lutni)ernian's Milling Co.'s ist .\dilition. 1(>,(>70 K) Kimberly's 3d Addition 2,02+ 20 Third " M Drapeau, Supervisor 8,510 Il7,;i50 200 l-ourth " M.Carey, " 7"), 049 2;{4,8r)4. 072 Fifth " W. Kimberly, " .H08 05, 338 1,829 Of the Realty in Ward Two, the Chapin Co. is assessed on S8oo,ooo, Lumberman's Mining Co. $150,000, and Hamilton Ore Co. 58o,ooo. In Ward Four the Walpole Mining Co. is assessed S800, the Peewabic Mining Co. $32,000, and the Millie Mine S.J4,ooo. In i8(jo the revenue from all sources amounted to $60,627, exclusive of school lax of $20,000. The expenditures on account of fire protection was $7,000; police, Sj.ooo; water service, $9,000; electric lighting, $4,000. The only debentures issued are "u account '^f street improvements, and amount to but $10,000, Three Justices of the 92 The Menominee Iron Range. Peace administer local jutlf^nuMits, the calendar ot offences is light, and the crimes of n trivial nature. I'ifty per cent, of the cases are tried before Justice Bergeron, Squires Bray and Freidrichs adjudicating upon the rest. There are three schools presided over hy Mr. IC. F. Abernethy, Superintendent, whose system and success is of an admittedly superior order. The registers show 7J2 boys and 657 girls, 1,379 out of a total, but practically impossible number of legally possible attendants, numbering 2,129. Besides the Principal it takes a staff of 25 lady teachers to advance the ideas of young and ambitious Iron Mountaineers. There is a school library of 1,100 volumes. There are three school houses and a new high school now in course ot construction, the handsome plans for which were designed by Mr. I". W. Clancy, whose professional reputation is more than local. The etching of it which appears on another page, will explain the fact that it will cost $35,400, and will be, when completed, perhaps the finest north of Milwaukee. It is constructed entirely of blue and red granite from of thcAmberg Granite cousin, the same firm It is admitted by re- to be as perfect a size as regards struc- and ecjuipment as any west. cation at present con Wright, President, J. tary, H. McLaughlin, Woodbury, E. E. Trudell. Another on East Ludington red sandstone block It has a frontage (but Iron MotrNTAiN Hk.ii Sciiooi.. Hi ii.i' OF Amhkkg Granite. the famous quarries Co., of Aniberg, Wis- being the contractors, cognized authorities, school house for its ture, internal design in the entire north- The Board of Edu sists of Messrs. A. I'. M. Clifford, Secre- J. H. McLean, F. E. Brewster and Mayor edifice just completed street, is the native of Mr. John R. Wood. if you wish to see it to advantage step across the street into the "Bessemer," run by Sol. Noble and view it through the mellow enchantment of a liqueur glass) it has a frontage of 131 feet, and is a monument to the rugged beauty of Iron Mountain rock, the architect's taste, and Mr. Wood's perspicacity. It cost over $20,000. On this same street, only just west of Stephenson avenue, is the new I'isher Block, built by our friend from Floreuie of that ilk, and Messrs. Oliver Evans and Ed. Ingram. It has a frontage of 60 feet and is constructed of Milwaukee white brick by Contractor Leinicu.x, from plans furnished by this same Architect Clancy, who is leaving stable legacies of his skill in every town on the range. The Fisher Block cost over $18,000. There are some fifty merchants engaged in trade of various kinds. Last year the monthi}' pay-rolls amounted to $200,000. Seventy-five per cent, of this is expendi d amongst the store keepers. I would here mention that the new county of Dickinson consists of portions of the old counties of Menominee, Iron and Marquette, whose joint valuation, as fixed by the State Board of Equalization amo uits to $41,000,000. Benev- olent and other societies flourish; there lieing lodges supported by the Masonic, Knigliis of Pythias, Odd Fellows and Temperance organizations, besides Italian, French and Thk Mknominkk Iron Rance. 93 uperintendent, isters show "] ii liber of legally ;taff of 25 lady rs. There is a e\v high school ;necl by Mr. 1". ing of it which d will be, wlun jiitirely of blue moiis quarries [ Amberg, Wis- the contractors, ed authorities, house for its internal desijiii ! entire north Board of Edii Messrs. A. 1". lifford, Secri'- McLean, F. 1^, ter and Mayor just completed is the native John R. Wood, wish to see it ol. Noble and ge of 131 feet, chitect's taste, reet, only just from Florence of 60 feet and 5lans furnishi (1 in every town |.ii^;lish national orders. The Sons of St. Cieorge liavt; seventeen lodges in Michigan with a niembership of 2,200, the Lord Nelson Lodge of Iron Mountain alone has 2bJ iiu'inbers, William I'itt of Norway, Ai}, members, and the ICarl of Beaconsfield at Crys- m1 I'alls, 314 members. VV. Catlin of Iron Mountain is State Grand Secretary. The St. Jean Baptiste and Cristoforo Colombo Societies are also well represented in all the towns of the range. The Protestant Episcopal cluirch dedicated to the Holy Trinity. WIS built by funds raise'l through the indefatigable exertions of Mr. John James of |anies and Croll, laic of the Chapin Mining Co.. and Mr. C. W. Kenned) late of the Millie Mining Co. It was erected on H. street at a cost- everything included- of 54,800, and was opened Faster Sunday iSijo. The Rev. W. Ball Wright, Rector oi Menominee, is the visiting missionary in charge, Messrs John James, Dunbar Scott, Lay Readers, Mr. H. De Vere, chinch warden, and Mr. Geo. Buzzo, organist. The Rev. 1". F. Davis D. I)., of Detroit, is J^ishop of the diocese. There are two Methodist churches. The first in charge of Rev. S. R. Williams, stands at the corner of Fourth and Chapin streets and has an average congregation of 400; the other, the Central M. !•".. church. Pastor Rev. J. M. Shank, is on B. street. The Presbyterian church organ- ized liy the Rev. Melvin Frazer in 1M84 with fifteen members, has now over 100 mem- i)ers. There are three Swedish churches, Lutheran, Mission and Methodist, in charge rc^spectively of the Rev. 's W. Petterson, A. Mellander and P. Munson. From this siiowing it will be seen that the spiritual welfare of the residents of the range towns is well cared for. Three lines of railway, the Escanaba & Iron Mountain, the Chicago Si North- western, and the Milwaukee cV: Northern, all have large interests centerecl in the city. The latter road connects at Champion with the Diiluth i.*v: South Shore, and the former road connects the other side of Norway with the Sault St. Marie & St. Paul, at llermansville Junction. On the line of the hustling and popular Chicago & North- western, twelve hours from Chicago, six passenger trains arrive and depart daily. Independent of the ore trains whose advent and exit, is uninterupted, three "freights" reach the town daily, one from Ft. Howard for Ircjii Mountain and one for Crystal Falls, and one from Powers for Watersmeet, all returning the same day, and keeping Mr. Stiles the agent, forever on the alert. On the Milwaukee &. Northern four passenger trains arrive and depart daily. The water plant which is operated by an Ypsilanti private company — as an invest- ment — with F. A. Todd President and Ed. .\. Ordway resident Superintendent, obtains its supply from beautiful Lake Antoine at the north east end of the city, on Aragon street. It has a pumping capacity of 4,cjoo,o(jo gallons daily, it has thirteen miles of pipes, and at the furthest hydrant two miles distant has a pressure of ninety pounds to the scjuare inch. The reservoir is a brick tank on Pine Mountain, and which kept tilled with 6oo,ocjo gallons, will with its own pressure throw ten streams 100 feet high, and last for twelve hours. This Lake Antoine, to which the projected electric street 'ail way will run, is a most enchanting spot, and the summer resort for hundreds of .iquatic citizens, seeking boating, bathing or fishing. Like Norway, Iron Mountain has made provision for its sick. Besides the Hos- pital at the Chapin mine, Drs. Cameron and Crowell in 1889 established St. George's licspital — built, ecjuipped and sustained by them. It is provided with fifteen beds. 'J4 Thk Mf.nominee Iron Range. ami accoiiniiodalioii for iiiiiscs. It t-xacls tlir gratitiule of an apprecialivt; piil)li i c/ /)ff,/s. Hugh McLaughlin: CYfri; John I'riedrich: T/;;i\//rfr, A. \\ Wright: Pf,iMYu/t\t; A/tornry, A. C. Cook: Commissioner oj Scliooh, \\. \.. I'arnu-nter: Coroner. David Bergeron, all of liMi Mountain: Surveyor, John L. Itneii, of (hiinnesec: JiiJs;e of I'ro/uite, Patrick I'lannigan: Court Commissioner, iJoii Cameron, and Coroner, .Alex. I'atenaude of Norway. lit lice, even in the appointment of their county administration, they strive to preserve a comparative equality. Few of the residents now prominent in protessions or in i)iisiiu'ss in any of the range towns, hut are past masters in the art of exploring, or practical mining. These lovely stock piles of wealth producing hematite, blue as a iiitnch of Concord grapes, recognize in almost every citizen as he passes an analyser of ;li per ( cut. intnf tlian llic fx|>tirls; wliitli piDvcs the statement. The cost, however, of freight on or*' from point of prodnction M tli(; Menominee to eastiirn fnrnac es, is from two-fifths to three-cpiarters of its va!iie at ih(,' mine's moiitli. Tlierst of lower kT'^Il' ores wo\dil reacli in some ( ases the tt)tal of tlieir value at tin- pit, wliicli of course under present conditions, bars tliem from a market. The richest e merely paying their way, the iron Mountain steel-works should be clearing S2.27 per ton, representing a snug and very material sum of industrial proht per diem. Who will come, and by practically experimenting in the direction as outlined, prove the bona fides of my contention, and in the establishment of such an iiulustry, lay the foundation of a business, which inevitably would develop, at no distant date, into the hardly less huge proportions now strictly limited to the Illinois Steel Co.. the Carr.egies, the Cambria, and a few other equally gigantic and prohtable monopolies. Thk Ciiai'In Mink. This mine, the fee of which is owned by Mr. H. A. Chapin, of Niles, Mich., consists of the S. >4 of S. W. '4, and S. W. ]{ of S. E. ]{, of Sec. 30, T. 40, R. 30. The proprietary interest originally held by the Menominee Mining Co., passed into the hands of the now styled Chapin Mining Co., better known as the " Schlesinger Syndicate." It was discovered by Dr. N. P. Hulst in 1S79. The ore is a soft hematite. During the year iSgo, it employed an average of i,Soo men. It is remarkable through reason of its rapid development, it being the greatest mine, with one exception, in the Lake Superior region. Its total output up to the close of i.S(jo being 3,218,543 tons, it having produced 742,843 tons during last year. The machinery and eipiipment is probably on a more extensive scale than that of any iron mine on the continent. A special request for par- ticulars concerning its plant and working history, which would have been of more than mere local interest, was not acceded to by its management. At the lime of writing, the position of superintendent, owing to a re-organization, has not been filled. The names of officers as supplied to me by the Vice President are: M. A. Hanna, President; George H. Kent, Vice President; Head Offices, Cleveland and Milwaukee. I f! < ► . •<; '^ z R o U u '/] >.< 1/1 pat; o * 6 I' u c 5 If 3 I? U O U O « •• . 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(U !* JJ g ^ ~ •^ S.S XI 1- 5 3 "-^ E IJ 3 D 1/1 "^ 3 « 3 u O 1/1^^ > -S u ^ o 2 — > 7] (75 tjl^ •I « "^^ c • - J= g o ^^ 3 tn o - . 1? > V ' c 5.S - C - 'r. !« S TlIK MKNdMINKK I RON RaNC.F.. lOI « • I- 1 V, 'J V a. ■71 u n' C S *' n « ■-SO ^ (/I u " rt O u •-; c « c - "O ;f • C r: '' 01 - - a : C r. s 2-C E = !! = c - WN 7 - '- c- - '^ ,f ^ Bt ■' - rt ■/ *"'• u y ^ 1) ■- _ < * i 1) r^ c £ y ■ (/I -- s a I I. in Mr. A. I'. Sw'itwUtuVs .hinu,i/ /ininv, iHH^ tin' tiist. I ir^nt to tav, of that \M I! kii(HMi writt-r's publications wliirli lias toiiu' iiiuh r m\ iioliii'. ,ii\(| it. whilst these |i,n;t's were iictiially in thf hands ol tlir [irintii I tiixl the tltll()\vin^; iiitiicstinn r«'fiT»'nct' It. Mr. Chapin's connc'ttit)n with this wcmlcitiii prupi-rlv, and •• illiistralixc nf tin- iiiiita lioii-^ ot inii,' y^'ii'iiii/, who "kiioxviMK that tin- i. Id Krnilcinan was ihf ..wiirr i.f a Ik.imiiv l.iml w.irrani and suim- ai;i I. iilliir.ii .'i' otlitT land scrip, wrotf ii> luiii s,i\ niu lli.il il liti w..iilil send llir w.iir.int and scrip ti. hini itli. s(.n inlaw I Ik- iIkiiikIiI lit- ci.iild pl.icr ihcin wtii-rf ihrs wmilii il>i liiin tlic nii.si ^.mmI in later \cars I lie I. Ill kjrnilcni.tn st-ni ihr wariani, which cillnl tor u.. .icns. an. I ihr strip. Ih.iIi ..I whi.h wcrf .-ipplivrl 111 lilt- liKalii.n 111 l.intls tm wiiat is ii.iw kn.uMi .is the Mi'iii'iiiinif l<,iii^;iv tlnii .n iiiilir.iki'n w iltlfrni-ss It .iltcrw.irds ti. inspired tli.it tlif stale liad receivfil .ind used nmre .if this i crlain kiml iif st rip tlian the :.'... .mil to will. Ii it was entitled, and tlie entries matle with that sent up In Mr Ch.ipin were rancelletl I li.' w.irrant cuMTed the ijn .leres nn which ihe ("liapin mine is lucateil anil fur which a warrant was tliilv I .11. '.1 I.. Mr <'li,ipin In the i niirse i.f tiiiie, Mr Cliapin l.nle.l md im iic.l ..\.i t.. his . reilJt.irs all \ law tnini e\e(iitiiin III.' crediicirs, lieini; anximis to realize ;is mm li cash .is pi.ssil.le, and deeming the land w.irthless, or at least iin.iv.iilal.le, pruposeil In ('liapin that it he w.nild turn ..lit Sjs" wi.rlli ..f f\.'iiipi pri.p.'rtv he miulit Keep the I. mil. whiili )iri.pi)sili.)n he .iccepleil What he K.iincil l.y the iransactiim, and wli.il the t reililms. or will. ever iniyhl ha\'e purchased Ih.' land had it lieen sold i.n exiciilion, List, m.iv I.e p.irlialh estim.iled from till- fact that he has already received over Sjo.i.ooo in roy.iltv. paid him l.\ llie lessee while he ..r his heifH (.111 c.inlidently anticip.'ite an .inniial income of from *s').ooo lo *i5o,ooo from the same property for years III. nine I'rom (lenury it has not only raised him to attliience, Iml made him. pr..s|iecli\ elv. one of the ri. Ii.sl men in the state of Michi(.;an " Mr. Swincford's forecast was within tlu; limit. I am informed tli.it last year Mr. ( li.ipin rect'ivfd about 53"o,ooo, net inconu-. as his royalty tax on the output. Whilst no one I ajipreliend };rudf.;es Mr. Cliapin his e.\cellent fortune, it is in quite good order to (luestion the soundness of the applied system of political economy, which pormits iiiiy one to reap such a royal benefit from any local industry, without e.\actin(.( a toll for local public purposes. Fee owners pay no taxes. Of Mr. Chapin's princely income not one cent is retained by authority to assist in defraying the civic expenses of lion Moun- tain. Where are the single tax agitators? My remarks are offered with no personal reference to Mr. Cliapin- -Iron Momitain will doubtless be tangibly apprised of his iiuinificence one ot these days —they are directed against the principle, which not alone lis an injustice to the localities drained of their life blood with no i/uiil f^io i/uo, but also jagainst the overdone system pursued by many Shy lock fee owners, who levy such an liinposition in the shape of royalties, that men financially ready to develop properties, lai(! unwilling to outlay in the face of such a usurious tithe. If the owners of these lands Iwere compelled to place a sel/inj::^ value on their property, at which valuation they would [be assessed, subject to annual revision, these vexed ipiestions would soon right them- Iselves. Thk Hamii.ion Mink Is owned by the Hamilton Ore Co., miners of Menominee Range ore, of Sharon, iPa., and is located on the N. "j, S. W. '4, Sec. 30, T. 40, R. 30, which Ho acres is leased from the Hamilton, Merryman Co. It was prospected for in 18H3 by Mr. John Jones, the present Superintendent, who discovered with a diamond ilrill in that year, the ore body which from present indications, will shortly rival with its output the 102 Thk Mknominke Iron Range. famous Chapin. The first shipment of ore was made to Sharon May 25th, 1888. Tlie ore is a soft bhie liematite and of the same quality as that of the Chapin or Ludington. The Hamilton is as yet an infant, giving little thought to producing, but sin)plv developing, but towards the entering of the lists as a competing shipper, all the indoini. table energies of the superintendent are now being directed. That the expectations of its owners will be more than realized is already accepted as an accomplished conclusion Mr. Jones' forecast of the probabilities have been more than verified, and the success- fully bold expenditure of hundreds of thousands of dollars upon his ultimatum that the ore was there if the company cared to incur the cost of reaching it, whilst characteristic of the nerve of the promoters, and the confidence placed in Mr. Joms astuteness, has emphasized in an extraordinary manner that gentleman's mining acumen Mr. Jones is the oldest, not in actual years, but as regards length of service of anv f "iperintendent on the range. As a representative mining man, and as one of the most enterprising business men of the Menominee, his portrait finds a place in these pages. Without it, the work would be incomplete. At first only 30 men were now the force numbers 300. ' has been sent to the com- Newcastle and Greenville, and nails are manufac- been placed on the market. 1,460 feet vertical depth, level. No. 2 is 1,435 feet may have to penetrate reached. Ore was reached and continued for 500 feet, It is estimated that in sight. Last year 17,092 \ear 70,000 tons have so No. 2 is seven by twenty- bers. 1 he hoisting plant ^ -' tion by the celebrated Webster, Camp tSl: Lane Machine Co. of Akron, Ohio, will, it is claimed, be the largest one shaft equipment of any in the world. The plant will coiisiv of two direct-acting or first-motion engines and two reels, and will weigh complete id- tons. The engines, rated at 1,500 horse-power, are of the Corliss type, fitted with tlu company's improved valve gear and relief mechanism, and the dash pots of these ait especially noteworthy for their rapid and silent action. The cylinders are 32 inch hon by 72 inch stroke, with steel piston rods four and three-fourths inches in dianutct The reverse mechanism employed for these hugh engines is, perhaps, the most nove. feature of the entire plant. Description sufficiently detailed to do them justice caiiiic; be entered into here, but their construction and action is bound to claim the attentior. of engineers of the wide world. The engines are coupled to a crank shaft 17 inches in diameter, supported at tlit centre by a heavy pillow block. This shaft carries the two reels which have a capacity for 2,500 feet of flat rope seven-eighths of an inch thick by eight inches wide. The l<'el^ employed at the Hamilton. So far all the ore produced pany's works at Sharon. where sheet iron, bar, pii; tured. No ore has as yet Of the two shafts. No. i i- and is 843 feet to the tirsi down and if is estimate: 2,000 feet before the ore i> in No. I shaft at 700 tef. with a width of 140 feet 2,000,000 tons of ore au tons were produced. I hi- fari'been shipped. Sliai; four feet inside the lini about to be placed in posi if Thf. Menominee Iron Range. 103 ,,ri' fitted with powerful hand friction clutclies, and contro'Unl by heavy post brakes of the Western type. Tlie rope is the hir}.;est used in tliis country, and at a deptli of 2.300 I, el will sustain a load of ten tons of ore, besides the weight of the skip, which is the 111, ixinuim capacity of the plant. Tiie Hamilton Ore Company were the first to intro- (liiie the flat ropes in the Menominee. The advantaj^es of these, over round ropes, for deep workings are many, and their use is apparently coming into general favor. To insure a rapid stopping of the engine, as well as of the reels, brakes are htted to the engine crank disks. These brakes, as well as the post brakes, clutches, and reverse, iire operated by individual steam cylinders which are controlled by levers on the opera- tors platform, so that the entire plant can be worked with complete ease and surety by tilt' engineer in charge. Iron Mountain is one vast machinery hall, all in motion. .\ visit to witness its wonders will well repay you. TuK I'kwahk Mine, Another new cmdidate for first-class honors, is located on the S. \V. of N. W. '4 of Sec. 32, T. 40, R. 30, and was discovered by Dr. Hulst in iSS(^. Tiie property wliicli consists of the S. ]i of the section was ac(iiiired- by the same management as tliiit composing the old Menominee Mining Co. — from Welconu; Hyde of .\ppleton, owner of the pine bnds, and member of the original Chapin Co. The ore produced by the Pewabic is a very high graile Bessemer. It is a soft, blue iu'inatite, low in phosphorous and sulphur, carrying bb }.er cent, of metallic iron, and .i)0(j of phosphorous, and is especially adapted for steel and the higher classes of manu facture, and has an average value at mines mouth of 55.00 a ton. It is classified by the State Commissioner of Mineral Statistics as "gilt edge." Notwithstanding the short time that it has been subject to active treatment, under the close and constant super- vision of Mr. E. F. lirown. Superintendent — Alderman for Ward No. 4 and Chairman of Finance, ('ity of Iron Mountain — and one of the characteristic "hustlers" of the Menominee, a tremendous amount of work has been accomplished. Already a shaft fourteen feet six inches by five feet si,\ inches has been sunk to a depth of 500 feet. This divided into two compartments for cages, and one for pumps ami ladders. The three levels, including drifting and cross-cuts, exceed 4,618 feet. Ir is furnished with two pumps, which with a maximum lift of 1,000 feet, each can raise 1,200 and 1,000 gallons per minute, respectivel}'. The power is all steam, except for drills and under- ground hoist, which are driven by compressed air. The six boilers yield 100 horse power each. Fourteen of Rand's wonderful rock drills — indeed, what would the miner do without the saving invei.tion of Rand — are kept busy. Two Corliss hoisting engin«!S with a maximum hoist of 1,500 feet, control the steel cables which raise the cages. Tlie I length of underground and surface tramway is 1,345 feet, the doubl: track system being in operation. Thus it will be seen that Mr. Brown's reputation as an untiring I worker has not been forfeited. On page 95 I have perpetuated, with Mr. Mortensen's and Messrs. Marr & Richards' joint skill, Mr. Brown's picturestpie residence in "half-tone." In i8go, 2b,ggi tons of ore were shipped, a spur track from the C. tS: N. W. Ry. [Co. has been built up the valley to connect with the long elevated trestle, which leads from the mine's mouth. The officers of the company are in Milwaukee, and the officers are: (j. D. Van Dyke, President: J. H. \'an Dyke, Vice President; W. D. \'an Dyke, {Secretary; Dr. N. P. Hulst, General Manager; E. F. Bxov/n, Resident Superintendent. I04 The Menominee Iron Range. From the Management of the Millie Mine and of the Walpole Mine, no particular have been submitted. The Ludington Mine, Which abuts the Hamilton, was discovered in 1880 by George E. Stockbridge, and is on the northeast corner of the S. ^ of S. E. j^ of Sec. 25, T. 40, R. 30, 120 acres A few years since the property could have been bought for a song, as the ore-bed was, supposed to be exhausted. Practical work with the diamond drill developed new and important deposits, and the stock previously unsaleable reached impossible prices. Last year it shipped 97,355 tons of 60 to 68 per cent, of just below Bessemer grade ore The property is leased from the fee owners, the Lake Superior Ship Canal Co., whu exact an average royalty toll of 40 cents a ton. The ore is of fine quality, especialh adapted for the "fix " trade, and for utilizing in the finer classes of manufacture. The mine is being developed with three shafts, the respective depth of whicli is 1,320, 1,280 and 1,050 feet, and the drifts, etc., on the various levels exceeding :j,t)oo lineal feet. Under Mr. Bankes' active superintendency, work has been pushed to the extent of the limit, and the grounds unceasingly are a very bee-hive of industry. Last year's operations will demonstrate this. One thousand five hundred and sixty-nine feet of shafting were sunk; 500 feet of shafts re-timbered; 1,000 feet of shaft divided into two compartments, and over 3,530 feet of drifting completed. Twelve months since but 50,000 tons of ore were "in sight." Mr. Bankes now estimates as the result of late development that 650,000 tons are to-day visible. So much for skill and labor. The mining plant is of a most costly description. The E. P. Allis Co. of Milwaukee arc engaged at the present time pi i^ar in new and powerful machinery. The Webster Camp and Lane friction gears art ' c . The Ludington Co. have a one-third share in the Hydraulic Co., whose works -. « the Menominee river, a beautiful view of whicli appears on page . These were buiii at a cost of $400,000, and supply to the extent oi their capacity, compressed air, carried a distance of three miles, and which is the chief motive power for the machinery of the mines. The large automatic double deck catjes will carry 40 men at a time. The daily output of this mine next year is placed at 1,500 tons The officers of this company are, A. A. Carpenter, President; S. M. Stephenson. Vice President; F. A. Brown, Secretary and Treasurer; all of the town of Menomiiue The head office is at Iron Mountain, with Mr. Robert Bankes, General Manager, and Henry Davis, Captain. Woods' Sandstone Block. e, no particular- 3tockbridge, aiii: R. 30, 1 20 aCK'y the ore-bed \va- eloped new am: ipossible prices semer grade on ) Canal Co., wiii uality, especiall\ nufacture. lepth of whicli iv exceeding o-"" en pushed to tin ; industry. Last id sixty-nine fin shaft divided into months since Im; he result of lati and labor. The af Milwaukee au y. The Websta lie-third share in view of wliicl: to the extent oi lich is the chid ouble deck ca,!,'e> ced at 1,500 tons M. Stephenson. of MenomiiK'L ra/ Manager, aiu: THE CITY OF IRON MOUNTAIN, MICH. This City has a population of about 10,000. It is the County Seat of Dickinson County. It is centrally located in the great Iron District known as the Menominee Range. During the year i8go, the Mines within the city limits produced about 1,000,000 lens of very high grade Iron Ore, giving direct employment to over 3H00 men. ' This city offers the greatest inducement to Capitalists of any in the State of Miciiigan, having within its limits Mountains of Ore, that if treated locally would yield i^rcat pro/it to the manufacturer. The Immense Water Powers, within three miles radius of the city, offer power at a miiiimum of cost. Railway Facilities: — Chicago & Northwestern; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; I'^scanaba, Iron Mountain & Western. The city is lighted by Electricity ; has a Gas Plant in course oi construction; has a Water Works System with twelve miles of mains and a pumping capacity of 4,000,000 f^allons daily. A System of Sewers three miles in length is being constructed, while about eight miles will be laid next year. On completion of the Sewer, three of the main business streets are to be paved with cedar block. It has one of the most efficient full paid Fire Departments in the State of Michigan. It has two Roman Catholic Churches (English and Italian); three Methodist C/jiirc/?evS (two English, one Swede); one Episcopal; one Presbyterian; two Mission Churches and one Norwegian Lutheran Church. The present High School Building and four Ward Schools were erected at a cost of $37,500. A new High School Building of Granite is being erected, the cost of which will l)e S55,ooo. Building Lots cost from S50 to $350 per foot. Residence Lots cost from $3 to $20 per foot. It has two Newspapers. It is provided with Hospitals for the sick, and the Medical Faculty are ably represented. Lake Antoine, a most picturesque sheet of water over two miles square, offers many l)leasurable attractions. ' Hon. F. J. Trudell. Afnyor. Oliver Symons. W. H. Sweet. W. H. Hancock. L. Tebo. Oliver Evans, Treasurer. Board ok Aldermen, Charles Forell. D. A. Graham. E. F. Brown. H. Shields. VVm. Catlin. A. Hunting. John J. Saving, City Clerk. IRON MOUNTAIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY, CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS. Architects — ("l.ANt V, J. E. I.KMIKl'X, Jos. Attorneys ami Justices — Cook & I'KI.ll.^M. Hammond, K. L. Tki'dei,!., F. J. Hkkgekon, D. I'kkiduk M, John. \ Bankers — First National Hank, jno. K. Wood. Hatchers — i Hastinc.s & Hancock. lilack-^niiths— Noiti.E, Sou. I'At'I., AU(i. lircwers — I'PI'KK Ml( IIIC.AN HKKWIN(i Co Hoots and Shoes — Scott, B. H. Carrivf'^e At n hers — Noble, Sol. Paul, Auc, Contractors — Alexander, M. Ci. Rule, John. Druffffists— Lumber Yard — lN(iKAM, v.. J. Parmenter, E. L. Skiiiert, G. F. News/yaper — Dentist— The Iron Ranoe, Jones, J. D. R. P. Tnten. Dry Goods— Pho t Off rap her — ScHULDEs, Carl. MORTENSEN, S. Furnit urc — Real Estate- RoniiNs, J. v.. Cook & Pelham. Freidrich, Jno. General Merchants— ClEll.Fl'SS, A. B. Houghton MineralLandCi Wkkiht Bros. Miller, R. Th. Grnri>ri'rs and Pntvlslntis — McLaughlin & De Vere Bai.dieri, Jos. James & Croll. Hotels— Commercial Hotel, Felch Hotel. Insurance — Miller, R. Th. Sterling & Silverwood. Jewelry tt Musical Instruments Buck, K. S. LKVEyuE, A. J. Sterling & Silverwood I Weimer, Jno. B. I I Stationery and Cigars— Flatt, Arthur. Tailor, Merchant — I Saving & Co. Wine and Liquors — "The Bessemer," Sol Noble "Chapin House," Merritt Bros. Gleason, M. C. Hocking, Wm. JAMKS & CROLL, — DEALERS IN- GROCERIES, HAY AND FEED Domestic and For-eign Fr-uits and Vegetables. Poultry, Fish, Oysters and Game in Season. TE^^S JL.1>TJD co:fi^ee3 j^ s:PECi-ic~ :>ic :>ic ->k yj\ y{\ ^(\ yf\ Mclaughlin &DEVERE, Oldest^ 1^1 ^ ^tete ^ Off ice ^ in ' the ? (^J. I GI y Real Estate Bought and Sold on Reasonable Terms. WE HAVE THE MOST DESIRABLE ADDITIONS FOR SALE. McLA UGHLIN & De VERE. \^ ^^ '\ly ^^y THE cri V Bl'SINESS DlRFClllKV Ol IkoN MoiNI \IN, MICH. lOlj RANSOM L. HAMMOND, Attorney at LaW, IKON MOUNTAIN. F. J. TRUDELL, Attorney at Law, IRON MOUNTAIN. J K. WRIGHT. UARINETTB. WIS. No Duplicate Bills required for Iron Mountai:.. A F. WRIGHT, IRON MOUNTAIN, MICH. WRIGHT BROTHERS, GENERAL MERCHANDISE, Etc, ALSO WHOLESALE 'IKAI.EKS IN CEDAR RAILROAD TIES. FENCE AND PAYING POSTS. Stores at Marinette and Pike, Wis., Quinnesec and Iron Mountain, Mich. Kstablished at Marinette in 1867. SAVING & CO., J^rcfieot' [ailors, JOSEPH LEMIEUX, ArctiitecU^'Bullder Stephenson Aye. IRON MOLTNTAIN. Plans, Specifications and Estimates Furnished on Short Notice. OpricE ON HuciiiTT St., Neak C. & N. W. Detot, IRON MOUNTAIN. JOS. BALDIERI, DEALER IN Groceries and Provisions. FRUITS IN SEASON. IRON MOUNTAIN. - MICHIGAN. ito Business DikKiioRV ok Iron Moiniain, Mkii. liAWNDALiE! A. B. GEILFUSS. OWNER. Chkap Lots ark Offered in this Beautiful Addition to Iron Mountain, on Loog Tin)e gnd ^as^ Fa5)n)ents. Warranty Deeds with Perfect Titi k can be given to all WHO desire to own Property in this Charming Locality. ^vt0 I Pi ^ T embraces a whole half mile bordering ^f on the Western portion of the city, and is intersected by all Streets extending West, from " Flesheim on the Hill " to " D Street in the Valley," and the furthermost limits can be reached by pedestrians within fifteen minutes' walk from the Mines, the Post Office and principal stores. The surface is mainly level, soil is rich sandy loam, suitable for the easy culture and maintenance of lawns, flowers and other garden products. Its Streets are being graded and sidewalks laid on the principal thor- oughfares at heavy expense to the owner. Lawndale is destined to be the principal residence addition about Iron Mountain. On A and B Streets the Contracts and Deeds to purchasers will prohibit residences being built within 25 feet of line of Street ; considering the Improvements already made, and others contemplated, we recommend Investments in this Plat. The lots are sold on Easy Terms : no smaller payment than ^10.00 being received. Plats free on application. Address, A. B. GKlLKr JSS, Cashier Commercial Bank, OR, MILWAUKEE, WIS. GEO. McKlNSTRY, Resident Agent, 203 B street, IRON MOUNTAIN. 1 1 1 Business Dirkctory (if Iun\ Moinivin. Mii.h. DON'T GO ABOUT W'ltli tlic idea that you can p()ssil)ly be well ilresseii if yoii ilon't wear (iOOD SHOI'^S. ^ 1)11 may pay princely prices for your clotliiuj,' hut if vour I'OOTWI^AR looks as thou>;ii there was room for improvement the WIIOLIC ICIFI'XT WIM. MK I.DST. I make a specialty of easy, neat, snu^lv httin^ and serviceable SHOES that will give you every satisfaction. SCOTT, THK SHOKMAN, STEPHENSON AVENUE, - - - IRON MOUNTAIN, MICH. Tiioa. N. KoKDYCK, I'reg, Hkrman Naolk, Trc*R. Ler Fobdyck, St'c'y. ager <5eer, IKKWKI) FROM THE VEKV BEST AND I't'KKST MAI.T AND HOI'S, AT DICKINSON CO., - - MICHIGAN. BV THE UPPER MICHIGAN BREWING CO. JOHN RULE. K.\-NTRRKT COMMIHtiloMKR. Earth and Rock Excavating A SPFXI.VLTY CONTRACT TEAMING, LOCCINi; AND IIENERAL HAUI.INli. TELEPHONE.- - - John Kriedrich, JUSTICK OF Till-: PEACE, AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, XTlOl^ I^OTJiTT-5uI3Sr, I^^ICZI. Agent for Wasiungton Park Addition to Iron Mountain. (on)n)erci3l f|oteI, THE ONLY BRICK HOTEL IN THE CITY. ^ Heated by Steam, Lighted by Gas, and First Class in all its Appointments. /. C, CHELLEW, FRUP'R. W. F. MCMYLER, MANAGER. R. TH. MILLER, IRON MOUNTAIN, MICHIGAN. office: in grossbusch buock. REAL ESTATE FIRE, LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE. Loans Negotiated, Houses for Sale or Rent. Rents Collected and Taxes Paid for Non-Residents Sole A^ent for St Clair's Several Additions. CORRBSPONDBNCB SOL.ICIXBD. I li UUSINKSS DlKKCIOKV OF I R<1N MolNTAIN, Ml(ll. FELCH HOTEL. The Mosit Centrally Locvitetl Hotel in Iioii Xloimt.'i i 1 1. Rates : Transient (iuests. $2.00 a Day. Special Rates for Rt:j^ular Boarders. rXjEJ^^C^i-nSTT QTJ-^I^TEI^S -^3^^r5 I^II^BT CILj.»4 BUHINKHH UlKKlTORV OK IkoN MnUNIAIN, MllM. E^ J. INGRAM, DISPENSING * ORUGGIST. Dkugs and Mr.DiciNF.s, Stationkuv, Fkkkumkuy, Fancy Goods. IUk I'^IXTUKKS AM) Ci(;aks. STEPHENSON AVE.. - - IRON MOUNTAIN. J. E. CLANCY. Architect and Superintendent, IRON MOUNTAIN. "THE IRON RANGE," I K. S. BUCK. I Jewelry and Musical Instpumenis, I I IRON MOUNTAIN. I Mason & Hnmllii Plaroa and OPRans, Clough ft Wurren Pianoa and Orgiiiia. Statidard Sewinn Machliiea, White Sewing Mucfiinea, Hold on Kauy Paymen'3. , PDrreiipxniloiicoiolicitoil iind ratalogui'RKntoi) a)ipllcnliun. I A liirKe Htock i)f WHtchci, SllviTHare. .lewclry iind I Rmnll .MiiHlciil liiKlriiiiieiilii cuiiHtaiitly on niiml All klnda uf WiitcheR repaired iind ticcuriiti'lv 1 1 mud. F:8tabliahfd 1^7U. R. P. TUTEN. Editor and Proprietor. TIIR REPRCfRNTATIVR PArElt OF "The Menominee Iron Range. Subscription, .$2.00 I'er Ve.-ir I'RINTISJC. HOUSE : :il)(J CARPENTER AVE., IRON MOUNTAIN. DENTISTRY, .J. D.JONES. D.D.S, Room 1, Wood's Block. SOL. NOBLE, Blacksmith * and * Wagonmaker, CUTTERS, SLEIGHS. WAGONS AND MINING GEAR. HORSE SHOEING A SPECIALTY. Agent for the Harrison Wagon Co. and the B. F. & H. L. Sweet Common Sense Sleighs. Ludington St. East, IRON MOUNTAIN. BrsiNKss DiKKCToKv ity Ikon MoirNTviv, Mii M. 115 CARL SCI 11 irj)p:s, UK \l FM IN- Dro Goods, Clottiino, Genls' FurnlsMngs MILUNERY, ETC. t'« lent unaiipliciit ion (are, Jewelry ami iistHiitly on liaiiil. (1 ancl acciirali'lv rpM n I * SEIBERT'S CliNTHAL PhESCHIPTION DhU(J S |',in<\ (li)O(ls. Ti)ilft Articles, lilank li' Nfusiia|iiT'. ,iiiii I'eriudicalfl. l.UniNHTON STllFHT, IRON MOUNTAIN. J. E. ROBBINS, FURNITURE, BOBBINS' BLOCK, IRON MOUNTAIN. i Sense Sleichs. DAVID BERGERON, Justice Of the Peace XI. (,i- Alex.'ii i< Icr, Contractor and Mason. FIRE INSURANCE AGENT, li^oiT l^dZoTTiTTAiiT, . n^icn. [RQfj MOUNTAIN. " MICHIGAN. Estimates Furnished on all Classes of Work in My Line. All kinds of Brick LayinR and Mason Work a Specialty. ii6 BUSINKSS DlRELTORY OK IkON MOUNTAIN, MlCH. \\\t Iron JV^flntaii) Insdreoce J^eocj), OFFICE AT FIRST NATIONAL BANK, DOES A GENERAL INSURANCE BUSINESS, Rki'Kesentini; tii:-, Followinc; Comi'aniks: ASSETS. TKADKRS INSURANCE COMPANY, of Chica-u Si.345.574 LIVERl'OOL AND LONDON AND GLOUE, of Liverpool fi.7<)3.57<' I-ONDON AND LANCASHIRE, of London i,f)i5,f>4i IMPERIAL, of London i,5S3,45o. LOND(~)N ASSURANCE, of London i. 543.995 HAMBURG-BREMEN, of Hamburg 1,129,604 COMMERCIAL UNION, of London 2,710,020 NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE, of London 3,347,802 GERMAN-AMERICAN, of New York 5,286,24.1 BOYLSTON, of Boston 909,87s CiERMAN, of Freeport 2, 187, 171 CONNECTICUT, of Hartford 2,163,717 AMERICAN, of Philadelphia 2,40i,95() FIRE ASSOCIATION, of Philadelphia 4,512,782 CiRAND RAPIDS, of Cirand Rapids 275.595 WESTERN, of Toronto 1,039,232 NIAGARA, New York 2,237,492 HARTFORD, of Hartford 6,576,616 INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA 8,951,518 PENNSYLVANIA INSURANCE CO 3.485,310 CONTINENTAL INSURANCE CO 5,587,949 NORWICH UNION INSURANCE CO 5,008,237. ORIENT INSURANCE CO 1,939,223 SUN FIRE INSURANC-E CO 9,135,004 PHOENIX ASSURANCE CO 7.430.536. yUEEN INSURANCE CO 6,845,120 MICHIGAN FIRE AND MARINE INS CO 841,713 NORTHWESTERN NATIONAL INS. CO i. 579.717 NEW YORK UNDERWRITERS ING CO 3.726,345 AMERICAN EMPLOYERS LIABILITY INS. CO. LLOYDS PLATE GLASS INS. CO. on (50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (HI 00 .00 Any and. all Business intrusted to our care will liave Prompt and Careful Attention. LOSSES PROMPTLY AND EQUITABLY ADJUSTED. L. T. STERLING, rvlANAGER. Business Directory oi Iron Mountain, Mich. 117 ;gei)c2, 1 MESS, ASSliTS. ..Si. 345. 57-1 75 . . (J,7()3,57iMM . 1,615,041 00 .. 1,583.45" "o .. 1,543.01)3"" . . 1, I 21), 004 (HI 2,7lf),02c) 00 ji . .. 3. 347. *<"-"" . . . 5,280,2411.110 9oo,H7S (10 . . . 2,iH7,i7.i(io . . . 2,103,717,11a ^ . . . 2,401,950 (10 . .. 4,512,782 .10 275,595"'" ^ ... 1,039,232(10 ... 2,237,492.0" . . . 6,570,61(1 (10 ... 8,951,518 00 . .. 3.485.31""" 5.587.949 <"> . . . . 5,008,237 00 1,939.223"" 9, 135.004 "" 7.430.53*'"" I . . . . 6,845,1211 Od I . . . . 841,713 I'O 4J .... 1,579.717"" ^ 3.72f'.34.V"" L. Parmenter, Proprietor. F. C. CoLR, Managkr. -<1CAR LOTS A SPECILATY> -o jfte (ftg [orober Y^rd, IRON MOUNTftIN, MICH. ROUGH AND DRESSED LUMBER, FLOORING. SIDING. SHINGLES. LATH. SASH, DOORS, MOULDINGS, ETC. T'EIjEnX03;TE. MILLS AT 1NGALLSp.-?»VULCAN MICH. WM. HOCKING. DEALER IN THE FINEST Imported Wines, Liuuors and Cigars Pool. Rooms in Connection. Stepbeiiaon Avenue and Brown Slrt-ct. M. C. GLEASON. DBALIK IN "THE BESSElx^EI^," ti:b ranogmans' resort. Choicest Foreign Wines and Liquors Finest Brands of Cigars. Imiwrted Ales and Export Lager. SOL. I^TOEXjE. Opposite Wood's Stone Block. - - Lndington Street. THE CHAPIN HOUSE, DEAI.KKS IN ImDorted and Domestic Liauors, WiNES, SPIRITS AND CiGARS WINES. ALBS AND CIGARS. STBPHBNSON AVBNUB. HASTINGS & HANCOCK, -DEALERS IN- 'rompt and TED. [FRESH, SALT AND SMOKED MEATS Poultpy, Lard, Butter and Eggs. Fruits and Vegetables in Season. ^3i:^0"'U^iT STI^EET, Il^OlSr l^^CDTJl^TT JL.Z2>T. il » V CHAl'TER V. (CONTINl'KD.) thp: town of Florence, Wisconsin. I HE traveller taking the _L western — train, wliicli pa morning — Chicago & Nditli passes Iron Mountain at eleven. reaches Florence in ample time to take a constitutional ;iml ^ "do" Central Avenue before repairing to his hotel for iii> mid -day meal. On the way to Florence, which is thirteen miles north west of Iron Mountain, and at an additional elevation of 15? feet, you pass through a park country, diversified In stretches of forest, whose tall hardwood and tamaiiick trees, wave their October crests golden as tassels of ripe wheat, over the mirrorc;ii bosoms of countless lakes which spread their bare breasts iridescent as a peacock's tail, with the loud reflections of flaming woods. Four miles out and you cros> the Menominee river and enter Wisconsin, and also upon a stretch of idyllic scenen At Spread Eagle Lakes, half way between the two towns, you get a glimpse of tht celebrated wastes of water remarkable for the fish which frequent their silent pools, the ^ charming diversity of their shore line, and for the reason that people of note in the] world of finance and fashion, make annual pilgrimages hither, attracted by its righteous reputation. Here is a summer hotel kept by Mr. Chainey, whose steam-launch connect; \| with the trains, and who equips camping parties with boats and other necessary para p^ phernalia. Five miles further and you reach Commonwealth, where in obedience to the ;^ demand of the miners, ;i village has sprung up alongside the ore-bed which is responsibk for its nomenclature. The attractions of Commonwealth are not apparent to thi traveller. They rest beneath the surface. Practicall}', it is an adjunct of Florena from which it is only one mile distant. Up to this latter point your way has licer parallel with and in places but a few yards distant from the line of the Escaiiaba, In: Mountain and Western railway, built by the Schlesingers, and sold to the C. & N. W people. As ye^, it is ironed only as far as Lake Antoine. One mile further and yo swing into the spur track and pull up alongside the station platform and within ])isi^ shot of deep Fisher I^ake. We know the origin of this town's baptism. Stroll with n up its main tlioroughfare, and listen to the brief tale of its endeavor. In October, 1873, as previously related, Mr. H. D. Fisher of Menasha, discoven the mine, which is located on the N. yi of N. E. '^ of Sec. 20, T. 40, R. 18. This w,.- first known as the "Spread Eagle." The property then acquired also included S. i:. and N. W. of N. E. '^ of Sees. 21, 4c, 18. Subsequently Messrs. Hagerman and \ i Dyke secured by purchase a three-quarter interest in the property. In March, i>\ Mr. Fisher laid out the town site, and the same month placed a bunch of lots upui ti Thr Mknominek Iron Range. 119 icago & North- intain at eleven, institutional ami his hotel foi his een miles north 1 elevation of 15S /, diversified In d and tamarack ver the mirrored t as a peacock's : and you cross { idyllic scenery. a glimpse of the silent pools, the | e of note in the: by its righteous j launch connect! necessary para | obedience to thel ich is responsible apparent to thtj met of Florence,'^ ur way has beer.; le Escatiaba, Iror.^ o the C. & N. ^V further antl youj and within pisto. Stroll witii mej nasha, discovered R. 18. This«i included S. l- igerman and \ar In March, i88o,| h of lots upon tliti :,;,rket. "We'll put 'em in at government prices," said the "man from Menasha," •■Sioo for the ordinary lots, and S150 for the corners. Who wants 'em?" It would be nearer the mark to say, who didn't want them, for in sixty d.iys Mr. iMsher had sold >()o,ooo worth of his realty. 'J'he population at that time was about 50 people. Oriiiinally part if the counties of Marinette and Oconto, a new county was created iliinugh this patriarch's efforts in 1882, of which Florence of course, is the county seat, aiul tinough the donation on the part of this progressive promoter, of 50 town lots for ( lnuches. school, and other humanitarian purposes, the news of its competing ailolesence spread through the land. Amongst the earliest migrants to reach its aptitudes was Mr. William Noyes, who opened the first grocery on the soutii side of the old trail, who was followed by Mr. Chris. C. Olin, Mr. A. \l. (iuensburg, Mr. J. W. Molloy, Mr. Kneebone and others. The first two opened up e,\tensive trading establishments almost simul- taneously on opposite sides of the Main street, the latter confining himself exclusively to (hy goods, whilst Mr. Olin dealt in general merchandise. The experiences of the latter as related by himself are and the conditions of the I stock in trade from (Juin- [trails, and considered cargo. Originally located avenue, he peddled goods zaar was tediousl}' hauled [location. May 12th, 1880, jlished, with H. D. Fisher [rying the mail over the |tures(iue Q u i n n e s e c . [was noted for possessing y^ the range, the Spread jenial Jack Armstrong. ibove Fisher Lake, out sufficient bass and pick- Mk. H JX Fismkr. characteristic of the man times; he hauled all his nesec, over horribly bad three kegs of nails a full at the corner of Central whilst his travelling ba- up street to its present the postoflice was cstab- in charge, he himself car- old tote roail from pic- Florence, at this time, the best "rest" house Eagle House, kept by It stood on the bank of whose dark waters erel could be pulled out |n fifteen minutes to satisfy i dozen backwoodsmen. The timber for its construction /as hauled all the way from Marinette. The country was an luidisturbed wilderness |n the earlier days, not even a tote road, nothing but the half chopped out survey lines ade by the government. But why re-draw the picture. From Waucedah up these Barly chronicles repeat themselves. Mining development hastened it to fruition, until lo-tlay it presents to the investor in search of a "good thing" the following list of Ittractions; Florence village of to-day — it yo*^ remains to be incorporated — comprises an area of 166 acres; the township of same name covers an area of 171,698 acres, and the county |f I'^lorence embraces a fruitful territory of 312,270 acres. Its exact location is on Sec. |l and 28, T. 40 N., R. 18 E. The length of its streets according to County Surveyor S. Simpson, is eight miles, with an ordinary width of 66 feet. It is supolied Vi'ith 1,800 feet of water mains, and 20 hydrants, and you can pursue your reflective perigri- lations over its well kept sidewalks for four statutory miles. Besides the original fisher location, the 1st and 2d Steele and Merrick additions, and that of Dr. Fortier \A I20 The Menominee Iron Range. have been platted and attached for business and residential purposes. The water wnrks which are situated on the lake front, consist of a Knowles pumping plant, which supiHt^ sufficient power to throw streams of extinguishment to an altitude of loo feet from ti^'ht hydrants at the same time. Mr. W. Noyes is Chief of Fire Department, which is outfitted with two hose carts, and 2,500 feet of hose. It has an excellent general system of waterworks, fed by the lake, which is a mile long. The town is lighted by electri( ity. Mr. F. R. Whittlesey is the postmaster, and handles weekly an average of 4,000 letters and 1,000 papers, etc. The population of Florence is now nearly 2,000, and the volume of its business has been estimated at $500,000 per annum. Hitherto the bulk of the business done outside of that created by the mines, has been that exacted by the careless expenditure, by the "river-driver" and the "lumber-man." When it is known that 31,000 men art employed in the handling of Wisconsin saw-logs and hunber, and nearly 10,000 animals, an idea can be reached of the extent of the commissariat and general outfitting necessary to equip such an army of pacific devastatioii. Of the 5,407,934 acres of merchantable standing timber in Wisconsin, Florence county contains 287,966, consisting of white and Norway pine, hemlock, cedar, maple and birch. Of the grand total of all the state, 565,000 acres is covered with many varieties of magnificent hardwood. — I have been to j some trouble as reference to the figures at the end of this chapter will show, to make a compilation of statistics bearing upon the timber resources of the states invaded by the ; Menominee Range. The men who drive the logs down the rising floods of these highland rivers, their co-adjutors who fell the trees and do the log-rolling in tl ^ woods, together! with the remainder of the legion engaged in kindred avocations, are an absohitelys distinct and certainly peculiar people. From the "lumber-baron," who is reaping the reward of his earlier rude experiences, to the hero of the "sorting-boom," the headj "river-god" of the "drive," the "mule-puncher" of the tote-road, or the prince ot "pine-cruisers," they are for the most part made out of the same extra No. 1 quality! material, and all of whole cloth. This same compliment cannot be extended to their garments, which though decidedly picturesque, betraj' an element of shoddy. In their j parti-colored mackinacs, the members of this Zingari coated crew, of many nationalities, largely composed of Canadian French, when they undertake, as is their not unusiia! custom, to paint the town scarlet, never omit to make " Rome howl," and the echot? 0: these frequent centenaries seldom fail to reach Florence. When the lowering tides 0: the Michigammie offer no opportunity for log-driving, or when an insufficient snow-tai! makes hauling an alleged impossibility, or when any excuse or no excuse presents itsel! if his head aches, and he thinks a swig of "Jim Crow" will "knock it cold;" on: doesn't ache and he aches to let it ache, and knows that Kentucky sour-mash will "take the trick;" or he longs to "buck the tiger;" or, man of many impulses — perhaps sume what negatively good — even his heart aches, why then he will cache his cant-hook an; visit Florence, and there divert himself according to his mood, and to the limit nt ' physical manhood, and his "wad." Florence has some fine public buildings. Its court house and jail, built of crcaraj colored bricks, with blue limestone trimmings, and metal-shingled roof, are hand-oniel structures and show to advantage in the open square which surrounds them. They art. The Menominee Iron Range. I 21 highland rivers, woods, together \ re an absohitely who is reapind 30om," the headj or the prince oi ctra No. i quality xtended to tlieir hoddy. In their any nationalities. their not unusuii and the echoes t: owering tidi'S o: ufficient snow-tai se presents itself ock it cold;" or i: r-mash will "takt s — perhaps sr.nie is cant-hook an the limit o' li- ul course, built from designs of Architect Clancy, and costing only S2i,ooo, grounds included, present probably better value received than do any other modern buildings in the peninsula. The registers of the public school, kept by the principal, Mr. E. D. Rounds, show a daily attendance of 306 pupils. Mr. Hounds is assisted by nine lady teachers. A library containing 600 volumes, is attached to the school house, which ^o contains a very fine assembly room, where.:-, are held divers legitimate entertain- iits. The School Board consists of the followi.ig gentlemen: A. K. Godshall, G. C. \'niings, Julius Boseman, Chas. La Salle, Mrs. H. Barnes, Nelson Norton and S. T. r.(;attie. The County Officials whose offices are located in the new court house are: Hon. Omer Hough, Cou/Uy Judge; Wm. Judge, Sheriff; E. W. Keyes, Treasurer; ais IIU CouR'i House and Jail, Fiokkni k. [. E. Parry, Clerk; Frank Waring, Clerk of Circuit Court; W. C. Haberkorn, Registrar ^J Deeds; R. Mitchell, Coroner. Mr. VV. H. Clark is District AUorney, having been sleeted to office for 1885, 6, 7, 8 and i8gi and '92. Besides being the only resident lawyer, he operates extensively in realty. Florence is under the executive control of a Board of Supervisors, composed of the lollowing gentlemen who are zealous in their endeavors to promote the interests of their prospering town: Chairman, Mr. Charles Loughrey; Members, Mr. Edwin Ball and Mr. f. W. Molloy; Town Clerk, Mr. Frank Waring. Mr. Loughrey is one of the oldest and shrewdest merchants in the place, and has lekl his o.Tice continuously since his election at the date of organization. The history bf h'lorence is bound up with his name, as practically he is the civic father of the town, knd is held in popular esteem from Quinnesec to the Gogebic. Mr. Ball is captain of Ihe Florence mine, and as a practical mining expert is regarded as second only to Mr. i 122 The Menominee Iron Range. J. N. Porter, late general manager of the Florence, Iron River and Stainbaut(h niiiits, and holds the respect of the people. Mr. Molloy is the leading livery man of the t(.wn. and apart from his (lualifications as a supervisor, he can, whilst equipping you witti the breeziest road team on the range, entertain you with a string of the latest risijue stories To kindly and popular Frank Waring, the Board's trusted advisor, I am as elsewliere mentioned, under obligations. The Florence Mining News, established in 1881 and published by Mr. Geo. C Youngs, is accepted, and with good cause, by outside mining circles, as an authority on the subject of range development, and is a material factor in the advancement of local interests. Th^ Mining Nctvs \ss.^ originally established by Mr. Atkinson in 18H0, wlin tmw-mtmm . ,* ■ ' I^Ka^VJ^^l^R iyL-flffx 1^ # > Dr. Cook's Huniing Camp. sold his interest to Mr. Chase Osborne, now of the Sault Ste. Marie News, and Mr. |. Tower in 1883, who in turn disposed of the good will to Mr. Geo. Youngs, the present" proprietor, in 1887. The assessable property of the town, as equalized, amounts ti '^ $771,000, and its rate of taxation lower, it is claimed, than any other town on thf Menominee. At the junction of the Michigammie river with the Brule, a little over twc miles distant, the waters rush over a fall of 65 feet, presenting endless power for tht driving of machinery suitable for converting the utilizable trees of the forests, into pulp. and every possible kind of manufactured woodenware. The Paint river falls also are only four miles from the railway depot, and the Pine river almost at its door, 'lliest dense thickets are the ambush of all the big game animals that have their habitat i: the territt y. Bears, wolves and fur-bearing mammals patrol under the gloomy aichf of its pines, whilst the less combative but more curious deer frequent the clearings, iiu which the woodman's axe has invited the sunshine. Unchecked pot hunting undt r la' ' 11 TiiK Mkvominee Iron Ranuk. '■^3 ews, and Mr. j. ]. Lings, the present! ized, amounts to her town on tliej i, a little over two 2SS power for the I forests, into pulp. river falls also are! its door. These e their habiUit it the gloomy archen he clearings, intcj hunting under la\j : 1U-; was formally indulged in. In one year alone, Mr. Win. N'oyes sliipped to outside . aikets venison worth Sb.ooo. Stringent legislation and alert game guardians now |M,ice a check on indiscriminate slaughter. At the present time the only open montli in Wisconsin for deer shooting is November; in Michigan it is October; hence from bank I.I bank of the Brule and the Menonnnee -the separating state bouiularies-the wily liuiiter rafts his (juarry to suit the emergency. Deer stalkers from all quarters congre- i^.ite in these Wisconsin woods, for the climate, scenery and sport is without ecpial. lor a season or two past Dr. A. J. Cook, of Cleveland, and a party of kindred spirits whti have together hunted deer for many years anil in many places, have chosen I'iorence county as their stamping ground. " Our party never looks for profit," writes the doctor, "and we never look for fur bearing animals, we simply enjoy an outing and yield for a few short weeks to a hereditary desire for tiie 'chase,' but the law wliich l)ruvents a man from taking his game home, after permitting him to shoot it, and so deprives him of the op- and distribution, robs lire." The difficulties protective legislation is a view of Dr. Cook's it makes a characteristic with the left hand lig- the names of these hard}' Henry Carter, Ernest the German chef — Char- guide, John Be a vis (ieorge Barnes, Dr. Al les Doolittle. The country adja- bod of concealed min- are constantly in pro- bin, who first opened Mr. Chas. Loughkey. portunity of exhibition him of half the pleas- of framing acceptable apparent. I introduce can)p, taken from life; hunting scene. Starting ure the following are exponents of woodcraft: Peck, Harry IC. Cook — les McDermott (front) (rear), Jas. II. Peck, bert J. Cook, and Ciiar- ceut to Florence is a eral, and explorations gress. Capt. Jas. To- up the Commonwealth, : has recently developed the Mayflower, two and one-half miles southeast of PTorence; lO. C. Davidson, F. R. Whittlesey, J. E. Parry, W. A. Curry, G. M. Keyes, F. Waring and P. McGovern, being interested. Wm. Noyes and others at the Buckeye on the W. li of S. E. yl of Sec. 33, T. 40, R. 18, have from a g6-foot shaft drifted into a first class showing. On the S. E. y^ of Sec. 25, T. 40, R. 17, the Baird Mining Co., com- posed of the Guensberg Bros., M. St. Peter, of Iron River, and A. Lustfield, of Crystal Falls, have, after sinking 65 feet, produced a stock pile of 300 Ions of black magnetic [ore, analyzing 64 metallic iron. The country is alive with such instances but the [discoverers as a rule, endeavor to keep their operations a close secret. No statistics in answer to my request have been furnished by the officers of either [the Commonwealth or Florence mines. The officers of the latter are: Pres. Jno. Scott, [N. Y. ; Superintendent, S. T. Beattie; Captain, E. Ball. Last year it employed 5S0 jmen, and produced from its five shafts 213,570 tons of non-Bessemer brown hematite, jiving 61 per cent, of iron. Its total production since the date of first shipment in 1880, lis 960,065 tons. The royalty now paid by the operators is 24 cents on every ton of ore 1^4 I*"' Mknominke Ikon Kanue. ovi>r 15,000 mined, jiiul 40 crnts on :i tiiiiiiiiinin output. A tluer-foiirtlis inl«'n!st in llic I'MoitMRo was sold last year for $350,000 easli to the Sildesinner Syndiiatu. I he (loninionweallli inin«' piodiucd last year i i<»,7tS() tons. In iHHo, tlie first year of opna tion it produced 9,043 tons. Its total to ilate is 717,344. Otto C. Davidson is Superintendent. Facts of interest and worth knowing;, in connection with the timber product of ilic l'iiit«'d Slates. CompiU-d from olfu iai sources, with es|)ecial reference to the states ol Mil lii(;an and Wisconsin, and the Menominee Iron lian^*': III iSi)(i tilt" iiuhiIht of Mills, l'';u((irirs, rlc, in Micliig.iii was '>')S7 Wisronsin was H<>j Caiiital iiivi'stcil in Miilii^aii f 1 1 1,302,797 Wisioiisin 84,580,023 Average nuinlicr nf I lands t inploytil in MichiKan ,|.j,'i.>*i3..3.15 Wisconsin «,«i3, i«8 Total value of I'ii>duits ;iod Ko-nianufacturcs in Michigan $ 08,141,189 Wisconsin 4<), 547, 410 Thf town of Mcnomitu'c r.inks .><'.<';/i/ in the six jirincip.d lumber producing cities of the NorthwosliTii States In iSSo it ranked si\//i, showing a total value of $1,21)4,834; today its value of mill products is pl!ic<'d al S4. joS,(iS(). Tlie i)roduct of its sister city of Marinette, on the opposite side of the river in Wis cousin, is v.ilued at *.:,4Jo,Soi. The consumption of tinilier at these two points, in i8()o, was 450,000, doo feet. I. umbering establishments in these places yet own about 4,000,000,000 feet of standing timber. A sulVicient supply for another decade. In the wooils of Michigan o, .;.)o .animals are employed in logging, etc. ; in Wisconsin the number is(),i| jd In Michigan there are 101. ,ind in Wisconsin there are 45 establishments engaged in the following industries, viz.: The m.inufacture of handles, chair-stock, etc., tubs, pails, churns, miscellaneous wooden ware, hoops, paving blocks, hubs, spokes, wagon stock, agricultural implements, etc., with an aggreg.iti' business valued at $2,<)24.8o() and S2, .200.024 respectively. Not one cent's worth of these neces.saries are manufactured in the towns of the Menominee Rant^e Who will come and experiment for one tithe even of the local trade now begging for local manufactures' In Michigan the number of establishments using water power exclusively is 138; in Wisconsin 137. During the decade ended May 31, i8i)o, it is estimated that in Michigan Gg,8G7 acres of timber were burned over by forest fires, and in Wisconsin 40,341, killing an estimated 344,925,000 feet (board measure) of standing timber. In Michigan 279 miles of logging railways are operated; in Wisconsin 100 miles. The estimated area of merchantable timber lands in all Michigan to-day is 4,040,343 acres. Of 700,000 acres of Forest in Ikon county, tril)utary to Crystal Falls, 450,000 acres is covered with merchantal)l(' timber. The merchantable timber of Wisconsin covers an aiea of 5,407,934 acres. Of this Florence county contains 287,9()() acres out of an area of 307,800 acres of forest land, and tributary to the town of Fi-oren' e, Michigan contains about 2,602,505 acres of pine land, white and Norway (standing timber); 218, 48() ot hemlock; 91,067 of cedar. 413,545 of various soft woods; 10,025 of ^^^'- Si, 299 of beech, birch and ma]il(', 1.238 of ash; 35.199 of elm and 586,919 acres of various hard woods. Wisconsin contains about 4, 104,308 acres of pine land, white and Norway (standing timber); 126,65s of hemlock; 14 100 of cedar; Oci7,470 of various soft woods; 20, 195 of oak; 9,900 of beech, birch and maplf. 1680 of elm, and 433.557 acres of various hard woods. The huge crucible of wealth formed by the valley of the Menominee Range, is boiling over with the profitable essence of trade, who will come with the ladle of industry and grow rich on even the skimmings of its present waste? FLORENCE, WISCONSIN. It is tlic County Sent <>l l'"loi(riici' County. It liiis a population of 2oou. It has a Weekly Newspnper. Ten years a^o it was prartically a forest; to 'lay it is lit UlUl/IUIl^, Tri NKS, Etc , on the Ran^e SPECIAL attention IS GIVEN TO Best Stock of SUPPLYING LUMBER AND EXPLORING GAMPS. GOODS IN LARGE QUANTITIES SOIJ) AT WHOLESALE PRICES. r' Bl'SINKSS DlRKCIOKV ()!■ FlORKNCK, WiS. Eaxji.riLxaixEr) IGOC. '•57 SMITH & LOUGHREY, GENKRAL M KRCH ANl^ISE, £umbermeri':: and 3/tirLirig 5uppliec, RLORENCB. in^IS. C. C. OLIN, DKAI.KK IN Groceries,J)r^ G^^^S, (jSthiog, '^^^S and^hoes, HATS AND CAPS, CARPETS, ETC. R.J. KNEEBONE, DKAI.EK IN FFesl:),Salt#SnQoixed Meats, Vegetables, Butter, Eggs, Poultry and Game in Season. QUINNESEC STREET, FLORENCE, WIS. '^€.^^ B^i^it^ :f\^^-ni.^^^^^ WM H. CLARK, Attorney and Counsellor, FLORENCE, WIS. Commissioner of Deeds for Mich. COLLECTIONS A SPECIALTY. CHAF'TKK V (CONTINURD) THE TOWN or CUVSTAL FALLS, MiClIKiAN. f^ KOCiRAPlllCALLY, almost last on tlir 1 "tt list i>f urban attractions which I prom ^-^^^ isec! you, but sonunvhat like the postscript to a woman's hitter, in the matter of its importance, Crystal I'alls, the judinil seat of Iron Coimty, now insists upon your undivided attention. Nine miles from Stager, the junction of tin- Iron River branch with the Falls branch, aiul which junction is six miles from F'loreiu e, this unincorporated mountain town of ', ':>fuL;o for crystal streams, mineral waters, astute explorers, and keen men of business, lies on the slope of a high hill's summit, and with its painted modern residences, a melange of yd lows, browns, and blues, appears to the trav- eller if he approaches by the wagon road from the east bank ^. Jie Paint river, like a mari- gold or a huge marguerite planted in a bed of living moss, with its lofty Court house - whose foundations rest on an elevation of 230 feet from the river's level^ — peering from the city's centre a petal of masonry. The railway station at Crystal Falls is 52 feet above Florence, and 760 feet above Lake Michigan. This altitude you can within ten min- utes walk increase by 300 feet additional if you care to ascend the clock tower of its noble court building, from the open gallery of which the kneeling lands of the adjacent country — exaggerated tidal waves of greenest vegetation — go rolling and skipping, a sea of curving mountains into near and very heavenly horizons. Whether any such exalted ideas as these entered into the considering caps of Silas C. Smith of Marquette, who is credited with being the first discoverer of ore in tlie district, or of Col. Whittlesey, who exploited the country in the early 'Go's, it is not my province to determine. How these tales of discoveries later led to actual develop ment is explained by Mr. A. P. Swineford (Annual Review of Lake Superior Mines, 1881 1 who quotes John N. Armstrong as the first practical pioneer, and whose investigations led to the development of what is now the Mastodon, and of the Shelden and Schaftr, which subsecjuently became the Union mine. Mr. F. G. Clark, county surveyor, writes that "early in 1880, the Maltby Bros, and Ephraim Coon took an option on that portion of Sec. 20, T. 43, R. 32, now known as the 'old Crystal Falls mine,' and worked it ThF. MFNOMINEf TroN Ranor. 139 until the followiriB Octob"!, wlieii they siirremh^rcl the option to (Ico. Kunkcl and S. D. i !(. Ulster." Hoth of these latter jjentlenu-n playeil an active part in the atnplifyiiin of i.ilur iliscovcrics, and were largely iiistrnmtMital in the creation and early growth ot this l,li\sically gifted village. Contemporary with these operati(»ns, Capt. Frank Uaher, .itiotlier mining expert who had graduated in the Norway district in the earlier days, i« ill lied the Falls in the winter of iHHo, directed hither, as he told me by enterprising Ml. Hreitun^. I le located on this same Sec. jo, on which he hiiilt a log shanty, and with his party of hve traversed the Paint river until he discovered, after a few months' e.xplorinj,', a mine, which was christened after the stream whose hoisterons torrent washeil its base. 1 he option for this was secured for Mr. lireituufi, Mr. John McKenna and Dr. liond. In iS.Si, tbis indefatigable inipiisitor laid bare in Sec. 21, the hitherto hidden secrets of another deposit, the Great Western, ordinarily known as the North Star. The option of this was secured by Cieo. Kunkle, S. T. Ifollister, and A. C. Hall. These two were the first mines operatt-d in the district, but tiieir example heli)ed to inspire other operators to more heroic efforts, for with the advent of that prince of colonizers, the Chicago and Northwestern railway, a branch line of which was constructed from Stager, to tap this hot bed of hema- tite, seven mines in i^i82 were ready to prac- tically embrace transportation opportunities, and that season jointly shipped of their superlative minerals to eastern furnaces, 42,111 long tons. These were the Crystal I'alls, Fairbank, Great Western, Mastodon, Paint River, Shelden & Schaefer and ^'oungSlOwn, and thus from these northern peaks — a mineral empyrean — was fired the first industrial rocket which was destined to inflame with its inagnitude, the attention of those of the world of capital who hastened to surrender their "collateral" as hostages of their working intentions. The creation of Crystal Falls as a town-site, is due to the implicit confidence in its tiiture, entertained by S. D. Hollister, Sr. , and George Runkel, who reached the place September 18, 1880. Here their premeditated jaunt into the Agogebic country was forgotten in the astounding discoveries as related to them by Henry Maltby. Realizing tliat the region was inconceivably rich in iron ore, they organized the Crystal Falls Iron ("ompany, and together with Jas. H. Howe, purchased the land ujion whicli a portion of the village now stands, from Guido Pfister, who had bought originally direct from the f,'overnment, and in 1881 commenced to lay out the property in town lots. Close upon their heels came J. E. Bower, druggist, in June, 1881, who erected the first building in this backwoods camp. This was a cottage for Mr. Runkle, and stood — and for that CouKT House. I30 Thk Mknom nke Iron Range. matter yet stands, disguised with modern adornment — under the same roof as that of tliu present handsome residence of Capt. J. C. Roberts, at tlie head of Superior street, upon which highway there stood the camp of loggers and axemen, engaged in cutting out this leading thoroughfare. All of the personal effects brought by Mr. Bower at this time had to be "packed," carried on the shoulders, tied with a "tump line,"— a broad leather strap which rested on the forehead — from the nearest bridge over the Brule rivti, nine miles distant. In 1881 the prospecting population came by stage from Florence. In the spring of 1882 the very wolves trembled in their lairs on the heights that over- hung the roaring Michigammie, for above its tumultuous din the scream of the firs' locomotive awoke the sleeping bears a month too soon, and established direct business communication with the world at large. In 1881 came another pioneer, a man of pusii, e.xperience and prominence, in the person of Jerome B. Schwartz. Mr. Schwartz, it will be remembered, was referred to in Mr. Whitehead's narrative, as captain of tliu Breen Mine at Waucedah in 1877. Of this same Mr. Schwartz it was written in Swim,- iord' s Annual Rfvieia, 1880, nection with the Vulcan possessed of the power to hundred feet of drift and could have done better mine in its different parts." Capt. Schwartz made him- liome. He discovered the own account the Maggie, unteer, but considering Tilden mines at Negaunee degree of his prescience erected a store, also, and iness, for though subse- tion, there were but forty town plat proper, some 600 Mr. Jerome B. Schwartz. in reference to his con- mine, "that had he been see plainly through a rock, it is doubtful if lie in his opening up of tin As a mineral detective, self notable in his new Alpha, exploring on his Windfall, Lincoln and Vol- that he had charge of the as far back as 1865, the is not astonishing. He embarked in a general bus- quent to railway connec- persons residing in the men were employed in the mines, and at the sawmill, whilst back in the woods, hundreds of men were occupied in getting out the saw-logs. During the period that followed, Mr. Schwartz realizing the future of Crystal Falls, invested extensively in real estate, acquiring the "addition" which is known by his name, and continuously pros- pered, finally building a handsome residence on Fifth Street, at a cost of $8,000— which for interior decoration and finish has scarcely an equal north of Milwaukee — and ulti mately being elec':ed 10 the presidency of the Village Board. The opportunities thus shrewdly embraced by Mr. Schwartz, still present themselves in a more alluring and desirable form, in the Crystal Falls of to-day, which offers advantages of signal singu- larity to the wise ones who will industriously study its special list of commerci il possibilities. Though the good people of Crystal Falls are terribly addicted to the wholesnii consumption of the perennial waters of their native spring, towards which it is r.o uncommon sight to see a procession of citizens — an army of cup bearers — marching for a matutinal drink down Superior Street, there are yet some who find comfort in a good The Menominee Iron Range. 13' le Brule river, 3111 Florence, lits that ovt;i- 1 of the fits' irect business man of pusli, . Schwartz, it aptain of tlic tten in Swim - to his con- had he beiMi through a loubtful if lie ng up of tilt al detectivi.', in his now oring on his icoln and Vol- charge of the as 1865, the ishing. lie a general biis- Iway connec- ding in tlie ployed in the [ men were illowed, Mr. real estate, luouslj' pros- !8, 000— which :ee — and ulti- )rtunities thus alluring ami signal singu- f commercial :he wholespic lich it is 1:0 marching inr Drt in a gocJ OH ktail, a taste acquired possibly in the days of Tony Hardinge, who was the first saloonkeeper in the precincts, and which acquirement partly from curiosity and certainly more through force of habit than carnal desire, is yet occasionally manifested by some estimable citizens in a visit to Doucet's modern sample room, from whose windows the mineral water contingent — residents and tourists — can be seen renewing their vitality at the Sulphur Springs on Mr. Schwartz' corner lot opposite. For some time past it has i)ecn an open question whether Crystal Falls will eventually obtain greater prominence from its being the focus of an extraordinary number of active mines, or from the fact that it is the site of a wonderful spring, whose healing waters uninterruptedly gush from a natural fountain at the foot of its main street, where it offers its calcic flood — a tested J oiil of Siloam — to afflicted humanity. Judge Grant, a short time since, sent samples of this water to Professor V. C. Vaughan, Ph. D. M. D. of Hygiene and Physiological Ciiemisty; Director of the Hygienic Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, for analysis. The following is Mr. Vaughan' s verdict: C'iKAINS I'KK (iAI.l.ON. Sodium Chloride o.6.j Potassium Chloride, traces Silica 0.37 Alumina o.oi) Nitrates and Nitrites absent Organic matter i.oO The water is clear, o.lorless and neutral. CiuAiNs PKR Gallon. Total solids 11.66 Loss liv ignition 3.09 Residue after ignition 8.57 I'rct' .\mmonia 0.003 Cikiiim Sulphate 2.33 Cnlrium Carbonate 4.04 Mafjnesium Carbonate 3. 14 This is a good Calcic water. The ('rystal Falls water contains less organic matter, Alumina and Siliiii than the Bethesda, and these are decided advantages. Moreover, the large amount of Calcium Carbonate in the Rethesda water is not a virtue. On the whole, I should say that the comparison is favorable to the Crystal Falls water. Respectfully, [Signed.] V. C. VAUGHAN, Prof. Chcmistiy .Inn .Ir/'or UniTt-r.u/y. Mr. Peter Larson of Florence, a practical interpreter of "what's what," with a degree of business foresight, which in the lighc of results can only be regarded as second sight, has established bottling works alongside the spring, and as the potency of its qttalities have reached a more than local fame, he has had to enlarge his worls in order to meet the demand for this bottled elixir. Already travellers from afar visit the place solely for the purpose of indulging in its systematic potation, and as according to Dr. Vaughan it excels the celebrated Bethesda water of Waukesha, it is only a matter of time before its use becomes universal among the suffering multitudes, whose physical clock-work needs simple but heroic cleansing. * * * H: ^; * * * During the year which witnessed the incoming of the iron horse, multitudes of men as a sequence followed. This new mineral Mecca presented a combination of attractions, in variety somewhat to the more stereotyped inducements offered by its eastern rivals. It was newer, indeed it was the newest, and it was odd, from a pictorial standpoint essentially odd; for it rested on the tilted mountain side, aggravatingly like a good-look- ing girl in a ship's deck-chair, waiting to be embraced with all its wealth of native chartii. And men of all nations and of as many varying degrees in the maiter of pluck, wisdom, acquisitiveness and capital, as there are eggs in an ant-hill, came along and — embraced it. I I 132 The Menominee Iron Range. Mr. H. W. Harte's Residence. In 1 88 1 arrived D. C. Lockwdod, D. Eannerman and Dr. H. C. Kimball and Mrs. Kimball, tiie first resident lady in the place: then Al. Austrian, O. O. Welch, R. Dawson, L. M. Tyler, Frank Scadden, Dr. J. L. Kimball, Martin Ragan, J. H. Elmore, Charles Henry, K. S. Buck, now oi Iron Mountain, W. Doui et, now proprietor of the Crystal Falls Opera House, the best of its kind on the range, and as an absolutely first-class "show" hall, second to none on the pen- insula. Following these, Nicho- las Lachapelle, restaurateur, surrendered to the picture presented, as did Dr. A. A. Metcalfe, a successful prac- titioner, whose reputation preceded him. Chas. Gallagher, J. P. and Ex-Deputv Sheriff Walsh IJ.i into line, and joined the procession up the slope, in the footsteps of Andrew Vandandaigue, who built the second dwelling house in the village, in August, 1881. J. Brown the "wet goods" merchant arrived in 1882 with a view to "qualifying" the effects of the mineral water, and on his tracks came Carl Pardee, Wm. Russell, R. Flood, Geo. Freman and Captains W. H. Morrison and Frank Pioker. In October of 1882, Mr. E. E. Dunn, discoverer of the Metropolitan Mine, and uow Registrav of Deeds and County Clerk, commenced exploring on the Youngstown — the old Brier Hill- Mining Co. 's property, later discovering the Clare Mines. Mr. Dunu was elected to office first in 1886, and still remains in harness in evidence of popular opinion. His declaration as to the richness of the district is worth framing. "A party of five or six," he asserts, "work-r^ continuously during the summer months at any time almost, would be likely to discover a mine. The inducements for explorations are inconceivably great." One dilemma constantly confronts the would-be-recorder of facts in hia recital of the daily chronology of a new city, namely the uncomfortable monotony presented bj' the ever recurring information pumped into him, with the regularity that the lever pumps cartridges out of a Gatling, from a certain class of citizens, who humbly confess all and every, that each mother's son of them, was the first squatter to reach the town. I have also met a dozen men who, one and all assured me, that they individually were the original Mr. Schwartz'.^ Residence. The Menominee Iron Rwni:. '33 , C. Lockwcod, nd Dr. H. C. I. Kimball, the y in the place; , O. O. Welch, [. Tyler, Frank L. Kimball, }. H. Elmore, L S. Buck, now 1, W. Douret, of the Crystal use, the best of range, and as t-class "show" 3ne on the pen- y these, Nicho- restaurateur, successful prac- nd Ex-Deputy the footsteps of age, in August, o "qualifying" , Wm. Russell, In October w Registrav of old Brier Hill- was elected to opinion. His of five or six," y time almost, e inconceivably (li-icoverers of the same mine. — But why abuse confidences? — I abstain from listing these <:iiitlenien, as I have no desire to be party to what I feel wouid inevitably culminate in I jiorrible .ind bloody vendetta, and merely refer to the circumstance — having no special K ference to the worthy burghers of Crystal Falls — to explain the ordeals which beset thr bookmaker; if however, I should meet a man of the type referred to, who will vear ih.it be has discovered less than all thf mines in the Peninsula, 1 will present bini, tlead i,r alive, *o the Smithsonian Institute. In i8t'2, when hay was $22 a ton and the prtJulation 500, came Mr. John Fisho'", the leading produce merchant of the place, now a member of the Board of Trustees, and a most estimable citizen, but his advent was anticipated by Mr. Fay G. Clarke, Mining ■ilTIENCE. The Crvsi..\i, Falls, P.unt Rivkr. Engineer and County Surveyor, a "pioneer of more towns than one," and who at the time of the initial work on the Menominee River branch of the Chicago A: Northw' stern road, followed up the advancing civilization which ran a neck and neck race with the construction of the railway. For a practical and thorough knowledge of the norlh- western territory of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Mr. Clarke has few if any eipi^ds, tlie examination of lands and the making of topographical surveys necessitatirg the traversing of a wide area of country. From information furnished by him, I am in a position to present the results of the concrete enterprise of the residents of the village. Since the date of its platting, August 6th, 1S81, when and for some years after all was bush and dense thicket, 41,400 lineal feet of streets have been constructed, and -nearly eight miles— in constant use. Its sidewalks extend for 14,500 feet, whilst the wagon roads— highways— within the township— 43, R. 32— in which Crystal Falls is located, are 26'^ miles in length. Seventeen miles of railway intersect its prolific acres, for the country is not all rock. neither does the granger need to plant his potatoes with a shot u 134 The Menominek Iron Range. gun, as the fact that there are sixteen well cultivated farms within a radius of six niiles from town, should indisputably prove. On Mr. Uren's farm within shouting distance oi the Lockwood Hotel, there were raised this year, 3,000 bushels of potatoes, 100 tons ol millet, 1,000 bushels of oats, 2,000 bushels of Swede turnips, besides garden truck, The oat stalks stood measurably higher than the tallest man. The soil is a rich sandy loam, and produced 65 cords of maple, bass and birch, to the acre. The estimated area of forest land in Iron county is to-day (according to extra Census Bulletin No. 5) 700.000 acres; 450,000 is said to contain merchantable timber, principally hard maple, with pine, cedar, hemlock and birch. Mr. J. H. Parkes is one of the early pioneers, as well as one of the prominent men of the range. He reached Quinnesec on the first construction train, following the completion of the road to Florence, and reached Crystal Falls in 1884, being then in the employ of the Sawyer Goodman Co., Parkes subsequently nerman Hotel, and fitting soon controlled an enor- ne.js, supplying the min- Last year he sold out, in logging on the Paint, his annual cut of white 25,000,000 feet, and nec- 300 men. Mr. Parkes Menominee opportunities H. W. Harte also Harte only reached the once embarked m the This he retired from started the yards now^lo- J- .' - (*1 PK. . Mr. ]. H. Parkes. getting out logs. Mr. bought out the old Ban- it up as a hardware store, mous and lucrative l)usi ing and logging camps, and at present is engaf,'ed Hemlock and Net Rivers, pine reaching nearly essitating the labor of is another example of and push. operates in lumber. Mr. Falls in 1888, but ai general store br.siness, in November, 1890, am! 1 cated on Third St. and in partnership with Mr. Oilman conducts a local wholesale and retail trade, supplying also sashes, doors, lime and cement. Last year this company sold 4,000,000 feet of lumber. the bulk of it for building purposes within the village, over $50,000 worth of material beiiis put into residences, and handled principally by Mr. Kitto, builder, to fill his contract.s for | citizens. Of these Capt. C. T. Roberts' residence, rorner of Superior and Fifth Sts,, cost $5,000; Mr. Max Berlowitz' residence, corner of Michigan and Fifth Sts., cost the same; Mr. C. T. Crandall's house, same street cost $3,000; Mr. Russell's handsome home, $4,000; Mrs. J. F. Schafer's house, near Forrest Avenue, also cost $4,000 Mr. P. E. Dunn's celebrated Cedar Castle on Maple Hill, the interior fittings of which are said to be ultra original, cost $6,000: the residences of Mr. Ed. Florada, and Mr. S. D. Hollister, $1,500 each; Mr. Doucet's house on Marquette Avenue, $4,000, and Mr. Harte' s own dwelling, at the corner of Forrest Ave. and Fifth St., taxed the owner $5,000. Of this residence I submit an excellent picture, also one of Mr. Schwartz's von derful house, to which I referred previously. All of these houses are fitted with every modern conv.ini?nce; are most handsomely furnished with remarkable taste, and with their Dutch fire places, electric lights and stained glass casements, are very bowers of The Menominee Iron Range. '35 comfort, by the glowing side of whose ingle nooks, the thriving citizen can sip his toothsome toddy — he ought to if he doesn't- -in the bosom of his own or some other fellow's family, and offer up thanksgiving for the cir- cumstances which directed him to this prosperous haven in the hills. These houses, as I have said, are painted in the prevailing shades of or- thodox tints, and seen from a distance, "The Lockwood." flaunt their colors like a bed of wild po[)pies. In the table of Real Estate values I have already given the prevailing prices of property at Crystal Falls. These prices are steadily rising, and with an increasing population, rated at 4,500 to-day, are bound to maintain an upward tendency. The (piotations of to-day may not be law tomorrow. Several additions, as a matter of course, have been pinned on to the original town site — the Maple Grove, the Wagner and Carey, and most important the Glendale, which is within two blocks of the Court House. This is the joint property of H. W. Harte, Geo. Eisman and Mr. A. Flewelling, attorney, who is the representative lawyer and leading expounder of law in Iron County. This property is well wooded, and from a picturesque pKce of vantage, commands a magnificent view of the surrounding uplands. The main line of the electric light plant, and of the water-works, passes through Glendale. The water supply of Crystal Falls^ I speak of the vs.ter-works product — is the united flow of four streams, which by damming create one general reservoir. There are 8,000 feet of water mains, and 17 hydrants, the pressure in which is maintained by powerful engines, tiiough the elevation of the crest of the town, at the Court House, gives of itself more than ample power for the portion of the village situated below. The fire department, which is as yet a volun- teer one, consists of three hose carts, two chemical engines with hook and ladder outfit. The development of these range towns is simply astonishing; one day an untrodden, howling wilderness, and within a twelve-month presenting a greater variety of neces- saries and more modern luxuries, than cities of a former generation would have acquired in a life-time. The post- office at Crystal Falls, Mr. A. Parkes, postmaster, handles some 5,000 letters daily, and about 13,000 papers weekly; the business of the office amounts to over S6o,ooo a year. Complete choice is offered the Christian in the way of pur- suing his own sectarian form of divine worship. The Cath- olic church which was built in 1885, is in charge of Father Sutter; the Episcopal Methodist congregation is led by the Rev. T. J. Macaulay, and the Swedish church of the same denomination is under the pastorate ot Rev. H. G. Boivia. This latter congregation have just erected a new tabernacle (Ml Crystal avenue at a cost of $2,250. There are some 500 Finlanders working in the mines. St. Mark's mission A. LubTKiEi.u's Store. 136 The Mknominkk Iron Rance. has lately been established under the visitinff ministrations of the Rev. Ball-Wri^;ht, rector of the Episcopal parish of Menominee, with Mr. R. Munns, churchwarden, and Mr. C. M. Rogers and Dr. Metcalfe, lay readers. Neither in educational matters is Crystal Falls any less advanced than its sister towns of the Menominee. Hit High School, which is most picturescjuely situated amid the elms and pines on Fourth street, is in the charge of Miss A. Blasdell, principal, aided by six lady assistaiils, all graduates from normal schools. The census shows a school population of 490, with an attendance of 330 boys and girls both included; twenty-eight of these ;ir( high school pupils. The Hir.H Schooi,. The Village of Crystal Falls is under the local government of a Board of Trustees, composed of the following citizens: Jerome B. Schwartz, President; James Wilkinson, Clerk; A. Lustfield, Treasurer; J. E. Bower, Casper Aberle, John Fisher, Chas. S. Henry, Wm. Russell, C. G. Campbell, Board of Trustees; Hugh McLarren, Marshall. P. E. Dunn, O. M. Brown, Assessors; David Kitto, Chief of Fire Department. With the exception of that of Mr. Campbell, the advent of all of these, save one other, has been referred to. Besides being proprietor of the Stephenson House, Mr. Campbell recently acquired Mr. Bower's drug business, and in partnership with his son who is a graduate in chemistry from Ann Arbor, controls the trade. In all communities, there will always be found one or two men, who by reason of their enterprise and business activity, are rightly regarded by their fellows, as being wholly representative of local progress aiiJ trade interests. Such an one in the case of Crystal Falls is Adolph Lustfield, proprietor of the "Fair." Mr. Lustfield was born in Bohemia and after a successful career- consequent upon his own exertions — embarked for America and elected in March, 1S82. to remove from Oconto, Wis., where he was engaged in business, to the present booniiiif; centre of his choice. By his own inherent push, aided by a happy disposition, he soon became the corner stone in the commercial world of Iron County, and I hasten to publish his successes, both on account of his personal worth and the value of his example. as proof of the possibilities of Crystal Falls, if properly embraced. Shrewd, just, an ever wise counsellor, and an unflagging worker in the town's interests, Mr. Lustfield' s deeds should be perpetuated in letters of brass. Thf. Mfnominee Iron Range. '37 Crystal I'alls, as I have related, is tlu; judicial scat of the county, a list ot whose (illKcrs I here append; I'atrick K. Dunn, Registrar of J)et\/s and Clerk: J. !•'. Corcoran. Triiisiirfr; C. T. Crandali, ProsenitiH'^ Aitorni'v: \\ . j. Hrown, Prolati- Jii hang a purple-green gonfalon 1,800 feet — I am told — above Lake Michigan. 'Ww Caledonia Falls of the Michigainme above the Mansfield Mine, offer a dream in drench, rock and foliage. The glens along the dalles of these rivers are a thicket of deers' antlers, and the waters of lakes, rivers and brooks teem with whitefish and speckled trout, bass and herring. The Fortune chain of lakes is but four miles distant, whilst four miles further west yet the county road crosses the Chicagon river, the lake of which name rests a deep basin of several miles square in the heart of the great haul wood forest. The country in a word is a sandwich of scenery and sport, best descrilu'd by a volume whose alternate pages would consist of leaves from Longfellow and the American Field, Bryant and Forest and Stream. If any one at a distance is anxious to learn more of these range towns I urge him to subscribe for one or more of its local papers. They are replete with reliable and with the latest information on every point. Crystal Falls possesses two such, 77/1? Diamond Drill, a five col. qto. , when first estab- lished by Mr. Claude Atkinson in January, 1887, now fills up a seven col. qto., and a supplement in addition, and is the largest weekly in the Upper Peninsula, outside of Ishpeming. Mr. Atkinson's paper is an ably edited text book on Menominee Miner- alogy; in addition to this the editor is a Nimrod and a most enterprising citizen. The Clipper, the old Cycle, though recently purchased by Mr. Andersen, has under his vigorous management acquired a new field of usefulness, and shares the journalistic honors. At tlie time of writing, exclusive of express and telegraph offices, etc., and Drs. Beck and Moffit, and Mr. Kinney— Crystal Falls' Bank — there are about ninety persons engaged in various lines of wholesale and retail business. Of these, six are interested in the dry goods and clothing line, carrying stocks of from five to twenty thousand dollars, and do a business of $150,000 a year, whilst the three general stores carrying about an equal amount of stock, handle some )i!3oo,ooo annually. Amongst other industries is the cigar factory of Chas. K. Kirbey, employing 15 hands, whose specialty the "Opera," is scattering its smoke and its reputation as far west as Washington Territory. Across the river is the new driving park with a first class half mile track. All the Benevolent Societies flourish, and the F"ree Masons and Knights of Pythias are especially live organizations. Outside of the fact of its Mnrivalled richness as a mineral center, Crystal Falls is another of these range towns which present extraordinary inducoi, ^nts to the maim- facturer of Wood or Iron, seeking the cheapest motor and the most profitable market for his product. The Paint river runs at the foot of the village, and the horse power above and below the Falls is estimated at 15,000. Now, the horse power of science is really three times greater than that of the animal itself. Seven men are equivalent to one horse unharnessed by science; hence the ordinary water power is equal to 45.000 cart horses, or the might of 300,000 able-bodied miners, provided their energies were not wasted by an all-night session of pedro. What a tug— not of war — but of industrial con- quest. If, as the chronograph has proved, that a telegraphic signal can be propelled 7,000 miles in a fraction over one second, by a not extraordinary instrument, what manner of manufacturing propulsion could be produced by dynamos driven by 300,000 men? Crystal Falls offers the capitalist, contemplating starting a saw-mill or any kind of wood Thf. Menominek Ir()n Range. '3'> eet of canvdii loftiest crt^t!, ichigan. '1 he r a dream in ire a thicket of vvhitefish and miles distant, river, the laki' he great hard best described ellow and llic e is anxious to re of its local n every point, len first estah- ol. qto., and a ula, outsidf of ominee Mincr- [ citizen. Tlie ler his vigorous ic honors, etc., and Drs. ninety persons 'e interested in nisand dollars, ing about an r industries is the "Opera," itory. Across le Benevolent especially live Crystal Falls is to the manu fitable market e liorse power of science is liquivalent i" qual to 45.1. I" rgies were not ndustrial am ropelled 7,001 lat manner ot 300,000 men' kind of wood ui.ikiiif; establishment, or blast lurnaci-, tlu; beiietit of tree power i'i|uivaliMit to oni; hall ot the available united manual labor of all the working men of the city of Chicago! \\ ill) will come? At the present time- upon the authority of Mr. Parkes about 1J5, 000,000 feet of lumber are cut on the I'aint and its tributaries. Who will locally ((invert a portion of this into the staple articles of necessity? Crystal Falls, as has been previously reiterated, lias the greatest number of shipping mines surrounding it than has any otiier district on the range, and the ores produced are (it a very superior (piality. l^roof positive of this is the purchase of recent date, by Mr. i'erdinand Schlesinger of Milwaukee, and his associates, of the Dimn $100,000. the .\rmenia $40,000, the Youngstown $125,000, and the Iron River $250,000. Their MiNiN'o Madk IvAsv liv A Kand Rock Drill. pnn base of the Florence for $350,000 and the Chapin for $2,000,000. I have already noted. Next year the Lincoln, Hope, Lee Peck and Inter Range will be added to the list of Crystal Fall shippers, whilst out of the newly developing explorations, such as llie Glidden, Gibson, Lottie, Monongahela, Wagner, Bohemia, May, Parks and Tobin, Atlas, Chicagon, Lake and Gt. Eastern, some, it is confidently expectetl will have pur- iliasable stock-piles. Whilst the Dunn is the greatest shipper in the district, the Mans- tielil explored by Mr. W. S. Calhoun, shows the richest product, analyses of samples yielding 65 per cent, metallic iron to .019 per cent, phosphorous. In addition to its mines of hematite, an outcrop deposit of Manganese, was recently discovereil t)y Capt. ('■ T. Roberts, near the Mastodon, and from analyses of samples horn a thousand ton inck-pile, gives an average oi' 40 per cent, manganese. Mr. F. G. Clark has recently I4'i Thk Menomim;k. Iron Rangk. located a similar deposit. As tiiis mineral is worth $i^ a ton, tlie value of these discov ories is of iiitakiilaliic importance to Crystal I'alls. Eighteen miles from Crystal l-'alls by highway beyond the beautiful Fortune I^aki s, and by rail twenty miles from the junction at Stager is located Ikon Kivek, an erstwhile candidate for the county seat and second only in importance to Crystal Falls. It has a thinking population of 1,200, Stambaugh which abuts it having 300 additional thinkeis. It was platted in iS^ii by D. C. McKinnon whoownsthe town site, which with Sipchen's addition now covers 100 acres. The real estate and personal property this year- ,is assessed — of viUage and township, amounts to $1,027,962. (iennesee street, the principal thoroughfare anil lined with numerous stores, is graded for half a mile, Adam street tor three-quarters of a mile, and Cuiyaoga street for the same distance, and all equipped with well planked sidewalks. The drinking water is conducted from a sprint,' Thk M,\N.-iiiKi.i) Mink. through ordinary pipes. The fire tanks are supplied from a reservoir fed by the Iron River. The fire depnrtment, in charge of Chief Minkler, consists of 30 men, who control seven hydrants and two hose carts, with 1,000 feet of hose, the pressure being maintained by a. Cameron pump. The interests of the village are well conserved by a Board of Trustees, comjiosed as follows: Alex, (juirt, President; W. W. Hunter, Andy J. Boyington, C. A. Ecklund, P. Andreson, Gus. Freidrich and John Carson, Trustees: Mr. Wright, Assessor, with Mr. Frank Ducker, Clerk. The Township Board is composed of Mr. St. Peter, Supervisor; Thos H. Flanagan, Clerk; Young Campbell, Justice; W. H. Fechter, Treasurer. Mr. A. J. Boyington, proprietor of the well known Boyington Hotel, is the same Andy Boyington to whom I introduced you as one of the earliest pioneers at Iron Mountain. He moved to Iron River in 1883, and runs a hotel as famous for its good The Mknominf.k Iron NAN(iK. 141 (lu.ililii's as is he liiinsulf. Ot the ullicr l»■;lllill^; citi/ciis, Mr. (hiirt. iliicf ol tlu- ■| iiistues, t)rigiiially t'oiun'ctcHl 'vitli the iiiiiifs siiu c 1SS2, hiis ttoiii i!S88 boiMi I'xtciisivrlv 1 iii^.iged in tliu hartlwari; l)usiness. Mr. M. St. ri'tcr, iiKiii:iv;iii^; i):irtiiL'r dl ( ilu■ll^l(llr^, M, I'cter & Co., lias Iil'cii occiipifd siiuf iSSO in dirt'ctin^ the Ixisiiiess ol oin' <>\ tin- l.-iruist dry >,'0(nls cstahlislimciits (.11 tlu' range, dividin;; tlic rlotliiiig trade with tlic J. M. Qninn Co., whose store is on tlie opposite side ot Cieiinusi'e street. liusiiiess lots in tlie vilhif^e are qnoted at S200 up to S450 according to location. Outside reside nee lots. Sioo to ;r!i5o, and cleared acreage troin Sin to Si5. The newspaper interests are ;ili|y rt.'presented by the Iron Comity AV/c/Zfr. published by Mr. I'. O'lirieu, assisted by Ml. Lee. The Reporter has tlourished under its presi-nt luanageuient since 1S.S7, it li,i\ing been originally established by Mr. E. I'. Lott as the Miniiii:^ /\f/>,>r(i-r in 1SS4. 1. !|: :)! * !i: * -1: * -I: ■■■ -\- With these many galleys of antitpie primer, in which I hope I have not over wearied voii with a recital of some synonymously asserted facts—relieved, you will admit, by etching and half tone, good ink, capital "composition," aiul excellent press work — I leave v'lii to your business reflections. Tiiat if not to-day, or tomorrow, "some other day" you will be tempted to scan with your closest commercial scrutiny, the extraonlinary trade facts relative to the marvellous Iron Range of the Menominee, of which I have been permitted to handle the scalpel of divulgement - I have not the slightest doubt. The Menominee is a mesmerist. It has extended a trade invitation. The impulse unknown to yourself — already implanted in your mind to test the measure of the story of its resources, will grow upon you, until the desire to investigate becomes an all engrossing one, as it indeed fiiiist. Come then with scrip, or pick, or neither, so you have willing hands anil a stout iieart, and hasten to exact your sliare of legitimate "royalty" from * * *■ "A land whose stones are iron, .\nd out of whose hills thou mayest di^ brass." "77/1? CJiiiiics of the Meiiomince." A Kki'kksentativk Tkio, TABLES Showing the. Output, etc., of tin; Mint s of tlic Iron Mountain District, and of tlieCryst.il l''alls anil Iron River Districts, for the year 1S90, anil the total shipments up to date: IRON MOUNTAIN DISTRICT. Name. OWNHHS. Superintknd'nt. ("alunu't ... Aliaiuloncd iHS.) . . . . t'liapin ("h;i])in Mining Co . . , (M. A. Ilaiina, I'rcst.) (^)riiell Al)an(l()nt'(! iMj Hamilton.... Ilainilton Orn ('o ! Jno. T. Jones I (Norman Hall, I'rest.) Hall and Half do | Her.sel ! ' Indi.'ina Abandoned i.SHO | Keel Kidnf. . . Abandoned iSS< l-udinnton . . . Liimbermens Mining ('o. K. Hankus.... (A, A. ("arpenter, Prest.) U. S. Dessau I Clias. McClrenor I'ewabic Co ' E. F. Hrown. . Abandoned i S89 ■ First Ship- ment. 1 88a Cl..\SS (IK OK.4 Ins. i Product 1890 Vacant ! i8«o Soft Hematitei. »Millie... Pcwabic . . Hiiinnesec nValpole . Metropolitan. Abandont^l 1HS8 Northwestern Abandoned 1HH4 IHHO iH8f) do None in mnrk't 1889 1890 1882 1880 1880 Some Hess'nier fiolo (.8 '/o t88i 1 8()o llJKh grade llMMner. f>c> % 1878 1887 1882 i88j I PkM. 065 101)11 ■"■ No information tendered. CRYSTAL FALLS AND IRON RIVER DISTRICTS. 742.»43 17.072 1,496 95 .S 07.J55 26,991 2,940 Total Outpiii J«.7M 3,2iH,5M 6,(p (11 35.6'ii '^'.4 '7 I7,.S71 58,'!'. i 84.1. 'ITS loj,.M| 26, 1 I'M 15,11,) 107,0:7 17. ^".i Total Tons 4,780,773 Name. *.\rmenia Crystal Falls Dunn Great Western. . . Hollister r^incoln Mansfield Manj^anate Mastodon ♦South Mastodon. Monitor I'aint River Shafer "■Youngstown . . . . Owner. F. Schlesinger Syndicate. SUPERINTENUENT. F. SchU'sinf^er Syndicate. J. M. Turner, Pres J. H. Parkes, ,•1. nl Lincoln Iron Co Caledonia Iron Co. . E. Florada. O. Reibel.. F. Cole.... W. Hooper. J. 13. Schwartz. Jno. Ericson. . . Iron River. Nanaimo . . Shelden . . . Sheridan . . C. T. Roberts, Agent. \V. S. CofYman.. . M. La Monte Shafer & Shelden. Florence Iron Co. H. Roberts. , E. Blake..., J. F. Clapp. F. Scadden . , F. Schlesinger Syndicate. .. . O. Reibel. McKibbon Bros E. H. Jones. Shelden Co i P. Sheridan | Product, 1 890. 1889 1882 1887 1882 1890 1882 1890 1890 1882 1888 1889 1882 1882 1882 26,649 3.974 156,963 72.54f> 2,020 18,303 6,844 66,526 1.476 3i.'39 62,654 60,133 44,460 1882 155.458 1882 3.441 1886 not operating 1889 I 595 Total Output. 76,92.1 5.31.S 45 '..S5" 222, 4SS 2,02(i 8,501) i8.3ni 6,84., 323. 9>" 8,20.i 43.4*^7 62,654 126, 1 60 147,041) 844, o6() 114.36'' 2,og.' 1,697 *Not operating 1891. The Crystal Falls Mine was idle from 1883 to 1889. The product of the Dunn, Great Western, Mastodon, Paint River, Shafer, Mansfield and Hemloil , which for the period ending September, 1891, reached 406,000 tons, exceeded the shipments of all of tlie mines last year for the corresponding period by 85,000 tons, which should make the gross total product of all mines in the district for 1891 in excess of that for 1890. The Hemlock is a new shipper. Detailed description of any of these mines is an impossibility, not a single answer having been received to my applications for information. The Lincoln Mine (the old Fairbank) is now being re-developed and expects to renew its shipments next season. f theCrysl.il to datu; IllllCt Tot 111 8ya Outpiii 38, 7 M J2.843 3i2i8,.SH f),tM.55" 222,4«.S IT 2,0211 8,51'" 18,30.1 6,84., IT 323.9'" 8,2o.( 43.4S7 02,654 12O, ifiii 147.04'' IT IT 844,06(1 114.36'' IT 2,og^ 1,697 IT TOWN OF CRYSTAL FALLS, MICH. Facts and pointers worth considering; . IS A FACT — That Crystal Falls is the centre of the healthiest Ioi,ality in the Upper Peninsula. Ague, Hay I'ever and kindred diseases lire unknown. IS A FACT — That while Crystal Falls is but eleven years old, it hoasts of a High School, three Church Edifices, two Newspapers, two first-class Hotels, two Banks, Water-works supplying water for all purposes, and a Public Electric Light Plant, supplying streets, stores and private residences. Both of these are owned and operated by the village, which possesses everything desirable to make it a centre of comfortable homes. IS A FACT — That it owns on the Paint River alone one of th(> greatest Water- powers in Michigan, sulficieiv to drive all the necessary or possible machinery in the entire district. IS A FACT — That within its limits every requisite necessary to make a Blast Fur- nace a success, exists, such as Water-power and an unbounded supply of hardwood for charcoal, etc. IS A FACT — That sooner or later the shrewd manufacturer will realize that this is the place for a Hardwood Factory. Birch, Birdseye and other maph;, and many varieties of beautiful wood, suitable for bench or lathe, grow in abundance, and in near proximity. IS A FACT— That there is room not only for one but for two Saw Mills, that will find in the surrounding mines a ready market for their product. IS A FACT — That almost in the city limits, but few rods from the railway, is a Mountain of beautiful bluish gray Granite susceptible to the finest polish. IS A FACT — That the cultivation of Strawberries and Cereals in this vicinity is an assured success. IS A FACT— That good land for agricultural purposes can be bought for $5 an acre. IS A FACT— That its Mineral Spring is better than the celebrated Bethesda Spring of Waukesha. IS A FACT — That Crystal Falls needs nothing but to be known, in order to become one of the greatest cities in l^pper Michigan, which it assuredly is destined to be. J. E. BOWER, C. ABERLE, JOHN FISHER, CHARLES S. HENRY, WM. RUSSELL, C. S. CAMPBELL, Board of Tyustees. JEROME B. SCHWARTZ. Village- Piesidait. JAlSn':S WILKINSON, Viltnge Cl.-rk. A. LUSTI'IELO, I'illag,- Tiwuiir.-r. HUGH McLaren, Marshal. v. E. DUNN, O. M. BROWN, Ass.'ssors. DAVID KITTO, Chuf of Fire D.ft. (I CRYSTAL FALLS BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS. Ahstnicts of Title— Koc.EKS A MacCi.iniik'K. Attortwy— I'l-hWEl-LINi;, A. L. Hank ofCkvstai. 1"ai.i,s, O. D. Kinney, Cashier. Ciffur Mnnufhctiirer — KiKHEV, ('has. R. Contractor uiul Builder — KiTTo, D. A. Civil niif-inecr — Cl.AKKK, F. C"i Driiffgists— Cami'uei.i. il Son, Dry Goods — "The Fair," A. Lusttield, Prop. Groceries and Afei'ts— Fisher, John. Hotel— The Lockwoop, Sax iS: Urazee. Iron, Steel iind Nails — 'Si KDEU iS: Co. Livcv — Hoi.i.i.sTEU I'll: l"i). Lumber — Ckvstai. I'.M.l.S LUM. Co. Harte iS: CJilman. Mineral Water — K,\KsoN, v. Mining Expert — Schwartz, J. B. Newspapers — The " Ci.H'PER." Thu " Diamond Drii. I..' Opera House— W. DoUCET. Plio t ofjrapher — J AS. McCoURT. Real Estate - Gi.ENDAi.E Audition, Harte, I'Mewelling and Eisman. RocEKs c'v: MacClintoik. Schwartz, J. B. J. B. SCHWARTZ, CRYSTAL FALLS, MICH. Mining Expert-* Dealer in Real Estate OWNER OK THE SCHWARTZ ADDITION TO THE VILLAGE OF CRYSTAL FALLS. IjOTS Solid oist IHj^^bit IP^^^'srivdiEiTTS. MINI>;r. OPTIONS ON ANY MINP:RAL lands in the MENOMINEE RANGE PROCURI'D CORRECT REPORTS AND ESTIMATES ON MINERAL LANDS FURNISHED. TAXES FOR NON RESIDENTS PAID. MINING STOCK BOUCiHT AND SOLD REFERENCES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. Business Dirkctory of Crystal Fam.s, Mich. •45 Cl1!'1'EK." Diamond Dkii.i "THE FAIR." A. LUSTFIELD, Prop., MAMMOTH llEAnytJAKTKkS lOK CARPETS, CLOAKS, HATS, SHOES, TRUNKS AND EVERYTHING ELSE CARRII':D IN A STRICTLY FIRST CLASS STORE.. Ai.E AnniTioN, irte, I'lowelling and Kisman. S cV MAct'LINTOCK. RTZ, J. B. THE OLDEST AND LARGEST ESTABLISHMENT IN CRYSTAL FALLS, MR IIKIAN. A. L. FLEWELLINC, DUNN BLOCK, CRYSTAL FALLS. PHOTOGRAPHER PORTRAITS TAKEN BY IMPROVED PROCESS, VIEWS A SPECIALTY. A large collection of views of Mines and points of interest in the Menominee Range always on hand. A number of the scenes in this hook are reproduc- tions from Mr. McCourt's photographs. ORDERS BY MAIL RKOEIVB ATTENTION. Th , only Democratic Paper in the County of Iron. The Official Paper of the Village of Crystal Falls, GE PROCURi:i> ^e (T^stgl I^alls (npper, H. F, ANDERSEN, EDITOR AND PRnp'R. (Succpsscr to THE CLIPPER PDBLISHItIG CO.-i CRYSTAL FALLS, MICHIGAN. ,HT AND SOLD. Advertising Ratea on Application, Excellent Job Work Executed, 146 Business Diricctouv of Crystal Falls, Mich. FIRE BRICK ANP FIRE CLAY. MINING TIMBER A SPECIALTY, CRYSTAL FALLS LUIVIBER CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, I JIM RKR LATH AND SHINGLE S. BRICK, HAIR LIME AND CEMENT. ALL KINDS OF BUILDING MATERIAL. WAGONS, BUGGIES, SLEIGHS AND CUTTERS. DEALERS IN REAL ESTATE — LOTS FOR SALE — GLENDALB ADDITION. "2".fi.ISID JL1 Or^nCE, - _ .. _ "ViTEST TI3:II^r) STI^EET. D. A. KITTO, Contractor and Builder BDILDINGS OF EVBRY CLASS KRECTED WITH DESPATCH. ARCHITKOTDRAL PLANS CAREFILLY CARRIED ODT. CORRBSPONDEINCB SOI^ICITBD. Cj CRYSTAL FALLS, MICHIGAN. :ampbell & SON, DEALERS IN Drugs, Medicines, PAINT?, OILS, TOILET GOODS, CIGARS, PIPES, TOBACCOS, STATIONERY, WALL PAPER, NOTIONS OF ALL KINDS, CUTLERY AND AMMUNITION. Prescriptions Carefully Gompoonded by Day or Night. SUPERIOR AVZ, - CRYSTAL FALLS. Finest Sample Room in the Cit;. Half Block from Sulphur Springs. f ri^sta! JTalls (Jpera fjo^ise CENTRALLY LOCATED. Finest Auditorium and most complete Stage .\ppoint- ments north of Milwaukee. New and First Class in every respect. Seating capac- ity 1200. CRYSTAL PALLS. - - - MICHIGAN. The Gitj oonoeded to be the best Show Town on the Menominee Range. F. G. CLARK, C. E. MINING ENGINEER AND SORVEYOR Agent for the celebrated BUCHANAN IRON AND OOMBINATION TRUSS BRIDGE CO., of Bellefontaine, Ohio, Particular attention to the Examination of Lruids for Minerals, and the Superintendence of Exploratory Work. OFFICE IN DUNN BLOCK, CRYSTAL FALLS, MICH. FERA." CHARLES R. KIRBEY, CIGAR MANUFACTURER, Crystal Falls, Tviich. FACTORY No. 613, FIRST DISTRIOT, MICL' IJL7 A SPECIALTY HBIHATIOll TRUSS BRIDGE CO., TAL FALLS, MICH. Business Directory of Crystai. Falls, Mich. Qlendele JiMdiiioD. J lis Beautiful Addition to the Village of Crystal Falls, recently platted, is now open. The Glendale Addition is situated within Two Blocks oi the County Court House, with Main Line of Water Works and Electric Lights running through it. Lots for Sale at Prices and on Terms to Suit the Purchaser. FOR PARTICtj:.ARS APPLY TO H. W. HARTE, A. FLFWELLING, GEO. EISMAN, Crystal Falls, - - Michigan. ']1ieJ)ian)oi)dJ)riII, PUBLISHED EVEEY 8ATDEDAY. FcVcn Colitn}!! Qharto, with FiVe Coliin7n Folio Supplement. I-.irK'est, Best Printed. Contains more Upper I'en- insula Mining News, Menominee Kange News, ^jf County News, City News, Editorial Notes and Comments than any other Newspaper printed on the Menominee Range. Tilt; Diamond Drill is not in a rut, but on the contrary is abreast with the times and always -^'(- always alive to the interests of City, County and locality in which it is printed. Nci pains or expense is spared getting The Dia- mond Drill Mining News, and it can always •jk- be counted on as being absolutely correct and reliable. Subscriptions, $^.oo per year ; sample copies sent free on application. Its Extensive Circulation ■5j~ and Newsy Columns make it a Superior Ad- vertising Medium. Rates on application. JiiH Department Complete. Special Facilities roR Handling Lar(;e Work on Short Notice. /Vddress, TdE DIAMOND DRILL, CRYSTAL. FALLS, UICB. \ 0, M. ATKINSON, Proprietor. ' PETER LARSON. sole owner of Crystal Falls Bottling Works MINERAL WATER Bottled at the Sprin(;s, No Other Used in the Mam;ka( ti're ov Lat'vSon's (jingrcr Ale, Lai3on'3 Champagne Cider, Larson's Cream 3oda, Larson's Orange Ci'e-va-tin Ihe Debatable land. With Kjuse and Travoio. Ksi'iinaba the Iron Port of the World. Thi> Menominee Iron Range, Etc., Etc., lie. WALTER R. NI:RSEY, Statistician, Graphic Writer and Special Correspondent. LITERARY CUORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Sixteen years' experience witli the Indi.ins of the Northwestern States and the Great \Vii;)^ C^aps. |*#H ^ii^jk:v\j pigir;^ Car^- No Change of Cars IJETWEEN OHICAGO \^I' 5 Tickets, Maps, Time T.ibles, and General Information, apply to any Ticket Agent in the United States or Canada, or to the General Passenger and Ticket Agent at Chicago. Vr. //. NEVZMAN, J. M. WHITMAN, W. A. THRALL, Third Vice-President. " Genorii! Munager. Geu'l I'asstnger and Ticket Agent. wiRK Ropi:, sti-:am pumps, Pl'MI'S, HOllJCRS. CORNISH / /, / ■AHHNIH3VIM .^ ) OMnnvH aNfiOHOJiJiaNa 'shvd hho 'sdiMs 'sxaMDoa hho 'saovD 'shavhiis o y W O c_D PJ oo oo w . Q Q O U W u < M z < U w H I— I z < THE R.p ELMORE C? ^^^^^ V/K OFFEH TO URKHS Ob' GERMAN. KNC.LISH AND BHliilAN PORTLAND CEMENT nil'; I'Ol.l.dWINi, KKI.IAIII.K IIHANDS : DYCKERHOFF, HEYN BWOS., HILTON AND HKNRY. WE ALHO HANDI.B MILWAUKEE ANO I.OUmviI.LR Wc carry a large Stock of Fire Mrii-k ;mil Fire Cl.iv. \Vc cm refer li. iii.iny MiniiiK Companies wlio are buyers ot the ^orxls we lianrllu. THE Tl. :E>. ELl^rfllOIlES OO., M. C. BULLOCK M'F'G CO., CI-i:iC'JL.OO, ILL. SPECIAL.TIES: Dian)ond Pointed Core Brills. Hand Foweu Drills for Shai.low Drilling and for Localities Inaccessihlk TO Sti:am Power Plants. Power Drills for Steam or Air. Lane's Pateot Baod Frictioi) Hoists. Deep Mine Hoisting Plants. Light Hoists for Exploring. Bdllock Corliss Engines. Murphy Fans for Ventilation of Buildings and Mines. General Mining Machinery. inrSPECIFY REQUIREMENTS WHEN WRITING. LR©N, AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, METALS AND MANUFACTURES IN IRON AND STEEL. ESTABLISHED IN THE YEAR 1823 AS THE "MECHANICS' MAGAZINE." EDITED BY PERRY F. NURSEY, C. E. This Journal has attained n large circulation in the United Kingdom, hein^; also extensively read in the United States, the British Colonies and the Continent of F,uropc. Covering as it does with its subscription list the industrial centers of the world, it offers to Knj^ineers, Contractors, Metal Merchants, Brokers, and to Manufacturers generally connected with these trades, an admirable medium for Advertising. Subscription Price, Includini" Posiaore, $7.50 Per Annum. FOR AnVERTISINCr KATHS, ETC., ADDRESS. THE P'liOIPI^IETOIiS OE IliOIT, 161 FLEET STREET. L.ONI3CN, E. O. John K. Wood, ['resident. Omver Kvans, Cashier. J. A. CuowF.i.i,. DIRECTORS. W. S. Laino, John 1'erkins, Vice President. R. Sii.VERWOoi), Ass't Cashier. A. F. Wricht. pirst National §ank, OF IRON MOUNTAIN, MICHIGAN. Capital, $5(.).OOaoa Surplus and Profits, $15,000,00. Solicits Accounts, m- kcs Collections, Allows Interest on Deposits. Discounts Commercial Paper, Loans Money on Approved Collaterals, Issues Drafts and Money Orders on all parts of the Known World, and in every way, not interfering with its own well-being and doing, accommodates its patrons. STE^=^n^^SI3:iI= TlCl^ETS- president. Cashier. DO.OO. iposits. Clnnalmr ' iiomTONe tim*L PARK I <►,. >;^ ml ftik ^^-.1 : Atlanti lith Taaa. mm I »« i ^o., :hinery, COMPRESSORS.I> N World, |i3 c^**'^' To.* I J^ \^ 1NT*H MT«. Mhley T/A 1 1 1 •il. AND IMMEDIATE RS, PLAIN OR NON- MADE. S. A. MAP OF THE ||bi6asot|N|ortli-WMt«ra I^AILWAY SYSIPBM. „..^, |||IWWIII,M ■^ • - v,.*^^-^**i ill>« II i>l»iii'lll N i r 1 1 ,m 1 . 1 1.1 1 John R. Wood, Pr Oliver Evans, Casl 1& . •#MiWi \ V nMMi|M>««ifMMi J. A. Ci 1.. '^ o Capital, $5( ^. *^ ,* M % '*'"^y Solicits Accoui Vt'mfe:^ i * ■ i Issues Drafts ani S^ and in ev S \ \ O J trv- - n N — p n -' w a o 1- Z-rt );;. } ^^ ^ Rand Drill Co., MANUFACTURERS OF- ROCK DRILLS, MINING AND QUARRYING MACHINERY.