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Si pacem vtiUis folidam JiabiUre \ cruento I iidjliy bellandi fit adempta potentia^ q^uafo. ^-, LONDON: FHnted for A. Hendersox, in H^eJiminJlerA-ldM, ^liDCC,LX. ( Price Six^Pence.) .A. >.!_ .-•*A*?!!5?^ ;l 1 J. i f: ! ' • ■*^a«>Mii^ ^^. '-v'-is- ^w*:^ 't. A N ANSWER TO THE %.'h Letter to the Two Great Men, SIR, HOUGH I ma'/ not be perforially acquainted with you, yet the famfi Privilege which enables you to write yl Letter to the 'Two Great Men, may be fuppofed to indulge me with the Li- berty of committing to the Prefs fomc Obfervations upon if, fo that without any further -Apology I may proceed to what I intend, in the tnean Time protefting, that a Love for my Country, Duty to my King, and a Regard to Candour and Integrity, are the fole Motives that influence me to this Correfpondence : And as the Subjcd of your Per- formance is of no lefs a National Concern than that of eftablifhing Peace and Tranquillity at the Nega- B cJauon y % ..ij*« l%i#M>»ti W t -W > ^ * -*-»«^.«M.-'(#*-l-f-**W*»-- '.^Tf. ■ I mni^. "" «i"",»' !."i»v i'«'"'"(Mi«i^«(-i'j»"i'V elation fo long expected, fo I (hall without confining, myfelf to the Order in which you profecute your Let- ter, proceed to make fuch Obfervations as have oc- curred in the leveral Companies where the Converla- tion turned upon the Subjcd't of a Congrefs betwixt the Powers at War. I muft be of the fame Opinion with you in Regard to the Speech uttered at the Opening of this laft SefTion of Parliament by His Majefty's Command^ and can with PJeafure take a Review of the other Speeches both pronounced by His Majefty himfelf, and by thofe whom he intruded with His Royal Mandate. In all which there are the moft flriking Tokens of Clemency, tempering Juftice, and the plainell Teftimony of a Moderation to foften the Rigour which His Majefty might be intitled to infill on by the Law of Arms. A Review of thefe Royat Declarations, cannot but infpire with the higheft Ve- neration and Regard, and while it endears His Ma- jefty to his People, fo it cannot fail of drawing forth Shouts of Applaufe in favour of thofe able Coun« fellours who adorn His Majefty's Choice. Tho' the different Speeches from time to time ever fince the Commencement of the War, be fufHcicnt to fet off the Moderation and Goodnefs of His Ma- jefty's Counleis, yet the magnanimous Declaration of Prince Lewis of Brmjivick merits a more than ordinary Applaufe, fince it proceeded from a Good- nefs of Difpofition, and a generous Sympathy which are the nobleft Indications both of the Hero and of the Chriftian *. After * Their Britannic om this Conduifl of the King of Poland^ your own Sagacity, Sir, will point out in a clearer man- ner ■» i' * Uv)\ Book 30. t iVf tke King of l^ohrA's Mar.lfejlo Auguft 10, l/C^. 1,. .• iL. ncr than T can pretend, that no Place whatever ought to be rigoroufly infilled upon for entering into a Negotiation, and that other Princes, as well as the French Kings can break Treaties upon the flightell Pretences, and violate the moft facred Oaths when Ambition prompts to ai'pire at Dignity ; and when the Ingenuity is let at svork to find out an F.xcufe. From whence I wonld humbly be of Opinion, that neither Paris nor London ought to be the Place for a Negociation : Treaties of Alliance, ofifenfivc and de- fenfivc have frequently been figned in the Capital of one of the contrafting Powers, as that at Vienna 1756, between the French King and the Houfe of Jiijlria, but never at either of their Capitals when a Negociation for Peace was entered into after a long and deftrudive War. The next Thing, ' ir, in a Negotiation that de- ferves Attenion is, well to confider the Pcrlbns to be fent on fo important a McfTuage: they ought to be Men of Penetration, Skill andD.xteii:y, and in my Opinion, Men of Sobriety and impenetrable Secrecy : And could the Prefence of the i^reat Men who have conduded the War, be difpenfed with, I am fully convinced that they would difchargc their Duty in that particular, with the fame Fidelity and Candour as hitherto they have executed the different Sreps of their high Employments ; Yet this. Sir, is not fo convenient, I had almoft faid Prafllablc, .for in a moral Senfc whatever is not convenient, and for the Good of the Community, fhall always be reckoned impradiable by me; However impradiable it may be, yet the Remedy is not fo hard to be attained as you feem to infinuate: That Authur*^ Chocolate- tloufc, that AJaryhone, and the B C—ffec- Houfe, in- hance too much theTimeof our Nobility and Gentry js true, but that a Per ion cannot pretend to a6l in a publick ': Tl ...wi'tifc-' rT!'!r-^-">~: "V •nv T" 1 / ii ,*■ ' .:« i i'f i f 6) publick and interefting Chandler, fuch as that of it. Mtgodator, without being convtrfant in P!.Kes of piiblii-k Rcforr is equally trivc. The Man who is acquainted with molt Scenes of Lite, is the moft pro|n;r Ferfon to rrove in a publick Sphere. Nt)r do I think it fo hj;rd to find out Pcrfons among our Nobility and Gentry for entering upon the Talk of a Negotiator. If it was not to ofttnd the Modefty of fome great Pcrfonages, it was eafy to point out fevcral Members both in the Houfc of Lords and Commons, who have Skill to manage with Dexterity whatever may be entry lied with them. There are in both Houfes Men of as great Addrefs and Pene- tration, and of as much Skill and Dexterity as any that have appeared in Britain^ fince the firlt Infli- tuiion of Parliaments: And fuch of them as have been Abroad, have brought their feveral Negotiations to an honourable Conclunon ; fo that it will be no Offence to their Modelh if I name them. The prefent Earl oi Granville while Lord Carteret^ negotiated a Peace between the Swedes and the con- jiic'ing Powejs that were confpired againft them. J if broi'ghtabDUtaKeconcilcation between them and the Danes, upon luch jnO: and equitable Conditions, that neither the one nor the other have found it their Jnterell to violate ihe fame, even when there appeared «;i Opportunity i he likewife mediated a Peace be- tween the Father of this very King of Pruffia and •!ie ^^ueen ot S'uceden * j and at lall brought about a 'l're;ity between the Sivedes and the C^(?r: A(5iions wiiicl) tho' not like to that of negotiating with the l^lenipotcntiaries of a Power immediately at "War with his own Sovereign, yet luch as may give us rea- sonable Hopes to believe his Capacity for fuch an Employment, * fidth theft Tr fat its happnicd in 1719. •4 ^A«fl*ftfc«i^i-. >«*^«r*,^^ '^ (7) Employment. The Karl of Hyndford negotiated a Peace; bawcen the Hmprel's-Quccn and the King of Pruffia^ and had a Motto given him by the Prufiiin Monarch, which is addtd to the Arms of his Family C pro bene merito. ) The Father of the Harl cf Alarchnmnt was Ambaflador at Copenhagen during a critical Juncture, and his Lordfliip o^ Cbefterjie/d was at the Hague in Time of the greatcfl: Intrigues carry- ing on by M. Fenelon^ whofc vaft Talents were un- able to promote the Schemes v his Court, which were always traverfcd and difconcerted by the Addrefs and Policy of the Britijh Ambafiador: In a word I humbly think that there are many Men in the Nation fit to be imployed in a Negotiation, befide the great Men who have conduced the War, and whole Ab- fcencc cannot be dil'pfnccd with. I (hall not, Sir, follow you thro* the fevcral Quo- tations given of the Gallic Faith, a l^hrafe borrowed with a little Variation, from the old Romans when fpeaking of the Carthaginians^ which lall feem to have been fully as &.nti in their Morals and more generous to Strangers than the other: For while the former counted all People barbarous but themfelves, the latter embraced the whole Race of Mankind, ancl like the Subjcds of their High Mightineflesconfuked nothing but Navigadon and Trade. What is the Hiftory cl every Nation but an exaggerated Enu- meration of violated Treaties, and broken Negotia- tions? This will eafily occur to any Perfon who reads the Manifeftoes of any Power when juft going to War. They charge each other with Perfidy, Crafc, and premeditated Perjury. Every Nation has the Prels at Command in their own Territories, and the Caufe is bad indeed which cannot be defended in a Paper War. When two Parties are confronted. Truth ^ill prevail againft Falfliood, though fupported bv ail )• s Ht f , (8 ) all the Props of Impudence and Effrontery -, but it h not k> between two Parties who arc never likely to lee each other: In this Cafe tiie Paper will not bluflb, and both are at Liberty to iay what they pleafe. Nor do I think it a proper way of negociating, to infift on Breach of former Treaties, and demand all at once tlie Demohtion of Places as a Prehminary un- der Pretence that this ought to have been done ac- cording to the Letter of former Stipulations. Men lent upon Negotiations ought to be equally fmooth and peremptory ^. and States who difcovcr a Magna- nimity in the Midl\ of amazing Succefs to enter upon Terms of Reconciliation, ought never to grate their Opponents by ripping up former Sores. The French can produce Inftances of the good Faith of their Princes,, and even at this Time they tell us that once at a Cabinet Council held in the Freknce o\' Louis le Grand i the Grandfather of the prefent I^remh King Louis XV. being then Duke of Burgiiftdy fiiid, Ihere is a Treaty *, and that the whole agreed to his Sentiments : From this Confidcration I think it would be highly unbecoming in any Nego- tiator to infift upon the Perfidy of another's Con- iHtuent at a Congrefs, fuch Conduct as this was nei- ther fmooth, dexterous nor Ikiliful. You feem to infinuate, that the Treaty itfelf ought to be writcn in the Latin Language and not in the French Tongue, which the Courtiers of Vcr^ failles Hiay vary as they pleafe, and have been often known to fiich make Innovations in their Language as in their Modes and Fafliions in order to drain the Purfes of their Neighbours. Tt * See the Life ef the JtJljtiJJjDp r/Cambray, p. 26, and M. Volt. Hiji. War 1^41, ^^^s^sssuT— — o'jtr:* iti*- <1 but It » likely to Dt blufli, afe. Nor to infift d all at nary un- done ac- s. Men ,' fmooth Magna- iter upon rate their he good ime they d in the ;r of the Duke of he whole icration I ny Nego- icr*s Con- was nei- aty itfelf and not of Fer^ leen often ..anguage drain the /». 26, and A^ At fird View lUch a Piopolai c.ir.not hut Teem plaufiblc, had not Experience iht-'wii that the many Inconveniencitj and Difputcs b.tvvccn neighbouring Powers, arofc from the vaiious Condrudions put upon Phrafcs, Sentences, and Piraj^japhs in that Language : 'f"o remedy thefe frequent Difurdeis, it wan agreed to draw up 1 reaciei? in the living Tongues, You, Sir, muft know that Tieaiies of Peace an.t Reconciliation were written all over Eurcpe in ihe Latin Tongue for many Centllrie^: AH the 'J reaticso': Peace between Gujlaviis ^Ido^pbus and th^ Alufcovites g.rc in that Language ; lo is his Treaty with the Dane^ and Poles ^ as are all Oliver Cromivcll\ Treaues of Keconciiiacion, nay all his Letters to tiireign I'oten- tates are wrote in Lalin, and many of ihiMii fully as difficult to be underflood as it wiitten in Vrauh cr Italian, Tho' I do not prcieiid to ib great a Skill la that or any other Language as you Sir, y t I \\o\^< you will pardon me if I be humbly of Opiriion, that the Latin Langu;ige is e(|ual!y liable t is far fcorn being pure; that of the La'-vyers is l->etter, but where one Lawyer has a tolerable Siuatterinj:,, almo'.t the whole Roily of thofe who wear ilie Ciovku are ijino- ranf, the only People acquainted with that dead Languag'-^ are the Phyficians, and yet theie are far frDm bqr.g cajuble to fpeak or undcnKiiid it wiri\ C Patpiie y I I 'i ( 10 ) Propriety. And it would be hard if on every Con^ teft between us and France the real Treaty fubfifting between us was only known to a few : For I fet afide all Tranflations of a dead Language, a3 thefc arc fubjed to various Interpretations. On which Ac- count I own I am for concluding the Treaty both in Frttich and in Englijh, there being many Englijhmen who underfland the former, and many French who know and fpcak the other with Propriety. I would not fo willingly enter into any Difpute a* bout what you fuggeft, as about thcjuftice of fending over thofe very Forces which had lo lately ag eed, neither direftly nor indirc<^ly, to bear Arms againft prance. Whoever takes the Trouble to perufe the Memo- rials delivered by the Abbe de la Fille, and the An- Iwers to them on that Coniroverfy, particularly thofe on the Eighteenth andTwenty-firll of September, ^nd on the Sixth and Thirteenth of O^ohcr^ '745» ^'^l ft-e that a Mynheer can a6l the Sophiilcr as well as Monfieur himfclf. The Subje^ of Debate wa? this : By the Capitulation oiTiurnay " the DuUh Garrifon *' of that Place was not to ferve againft the French *' for a Year." The Treaty was figned under the Kye of the French King, who thought it derogatory to his Moderation and Generofity to infill upon the nicelt Explanation ; he contented himfclf with gene- ral Ttrms, which by the Law of Nations* he had a better Right to conftruft favourably for him thaa x\\t Dutch had to explain againft him. Tlie Garrifon marched cut of tournay, and pafled thro' the French Army» which was drawn up on each Side, with the King and Marlhal Sane at their Head. His Ma- jefty * FavorahUia latius, cdlofa /iriiViuf 'mtt>pret ( 12 ) render it lighter than the other, and lb on tili litiJc OT nothing was IHt in cither Scale, and ftill he com- plained that Jullice was not fatisfied : The Hogun Mogun picaled Britain by finding the Troops ac- cording to l^caty, but they pacified France by their Inaction •, lor during the Winter they prevented by their Slowr efs the Kxecution of all the Schemes for putting an End to the Infurredion ; for had they rrtarchcd at the Time when General IVade required them, the Chevalier and his little Army might have been defeated at Carlijle before advancing farther in- to England. But not to dwell on this-, I think the Treaty may be drawn up in any Language, pro- vided no Rcftitution be made of any of the Con- quefts, which are but a Kind of Indemnification for the Hxpences of the VS'ar, and Maintenance of up- wards of 120CO Prifoncrs, whom the Exigencies of Irar.ce mere than the Inhumanity of their Sove- reign left to tlic Charity and good Difpofition of their Enemies. i agree with you in retaining Canada^ with the Iflefiof Cape Bret n and .S/. "John-^ and think they fllculd be annexed to the Crown of Great- Britain by j\t\ if Parliament •, but I cannot aflcnt to the Scheme of deftroying Louijhurgb^ and defolating the Ifland whereon it is built. *l'is reckoned a Crime jKXC to Sicrilcge to (hut up a Spring, or to deliroy any publick Benefit which Nature has pointed out ? nor IS it a Icfs folly to erafe Houfcs and fap Towns -, ihis was the PJirenzy of the Gothi when they ra- vaged Ualy \ and alas! of the Populace at the Refor- mation when the noblell Kdifices, fome of which had been the Work of i\ges, and the (lately Orna- ments or their Country, were pulled down. In your Account of the Progrefs of the War in l\Qrth Aiiicriia^ a Phra'.e lias dropt from ycur Pen in Page . ■I ?:>. 1 I Hitz i ( >3 ) iPage 28, that reflcds on a noble Lord whom yoji diarge with Inactivity ! But, Sir, 1 muil be pardoned if I aver that the Earl of Loudon*^ Conduit - Nvas too Ipiritcd to dtfcrve the leaft Infinuation againfl: it. h^e is both a Soldier and a Statcfman •, nor do 1 think a fitter Perfon could be appointed at the ex* peded Congrefs, he being well acquainted with the . French and Latin Languages, and poflcfled of all the Rcquifites of an AmbalTadour *. He is endowed with a cool Head and a warm , Heart, which he ever (hewed on all Occafions •, his ^ Exploits, during the Time of the Rebellion, will en- , title him to the Love of every Briton^ and to the Confidence of his Royal Mafter. By a prcfcnce ot Mind fufficient to enoble any Hero, did he lave two Regiments of Dragoons at the Battle of Prejlonpans. . By an Advice which argued Penetration and Saga- city, did he obtain a CommilTion from the Govern-." ment for repairing to the North Highlands in Scot'^ landt and enlifting Men for the Service of his Majerty . Kirig George^ which was fo great a Drawback, tliiit almoft 6000 Men were kept from joining the Scan- ^ dard of the Adventurer; and by a Coup d'eclat which was only defeated by the Treatchery of a ' Guide, he had very nigh lurprifcd the Chevalier iti the Place were he was lodged; and not only fo but when forced to retire, he kept up a Body of Men, almoll by his own Prudence and good Behaviour, which obliged the Rebel Army to divide their Forces, and render the Vidlory at Culloden both more eafy " and compleat. There * ^^uarum Opera civllas apud txUros ut'itur cauiifint f«f drcuHifpedi, imnia a jclidis^ vetu fabulcjh difctrnere tal- ■ Udi, Jecreiorum tffiacJjJjmi, pro utilitaU fua civitaiii ad- verfus quapbet Corrupticnes oljUmtL Puffend, lib. ii.. dt Cy: C'/V. c. z8. §. 13. 1 U r '.i I '.: Ii i:^ i C'4) There arc many Things in War bcfides fighting v/hich oriJy ought to take place when the fame is inevitable. XV hen his Lordfliip firft arrived at Hal' 4ifax^ afrcr a dangerous Voyage in the Nightingale^ whi. h is as flow a failing Ship as in the Englijh Na- vy, it was the Seventh ^July i yc^j \ he found every Thing in difordcr, (the Army Icarcely confifting oi nine Hundred Men, the Regiments of Lajcelles^ Hop^ yrt j Ar- feiKils were erefled, the Artillery wai in gcx)d Order and well ferved \ Harmony and mutual Confidence reigned throughout the Provinces : He was fo far from being inadive, that I doubt, if any one Ma:i in the Ifland o{ Great-Britain, would have done more, and to better Purpofe in fo fliort a Time. You next propofe that Guadaloupe, Senegal^ and Goree^ be delivered up for Minorca^ which laft you feem to be for rendering defolate, and leaving to the french^ if they chulc to polTefs it : On which Scheme, I beg Leave to obferve, that the difpenfing with Senegal and Goree^ as being far from the Neigh- bourhood of any Briti/h Settlement, is the very IV. o- live for retaining Guadaloupe j I would not be for crafing the French from the Face of the l^'arth •, kt them retire to Hifpaniola and to the Mf(Jjffippi. I only want to prefervc Peace, and the beft Way to fcciire it will be to remove them at the greatell Dilhnce ; nor would I have any Peace be concluded untill they were driven from M^rtinico itfclf, which may eafiiy be eflcded in the following Manner : Let a ftrong Sc^uadron of Men of War ride before their tLirbours to u ■■ ( i6 ) to intercept their Provifion, and let all the Prifoners of whatever Age or Sex be landed upon it, v/hich will Ibon oblige them to furrender for want of Bread. I am tar from putting a fmall Value upon Minor- ca^ nor yet for remembering *the Circumlfances of its * Lofs with as great Shame as we fte the Fremh pol- fels it with Indifferente •,* for the Bravery of Lord Blakeney will more than drav/ a Veil over the Misfoi- tunc of Admiral Byng\ and the obftinate Defence made for 39 Days by his Lorfhip with 9n Handful of Men not fufficient to man all the Works, againft an Army eight times their Number, and commanded by a Marlhal of France will Ihine as brightly in the Eritijh Annals, as any of the Conquefls gained in the memorable Year 1759. The Defence of St. Pht' lip^a CalUe is a Miracle to any who duly confiders it. 7 he Company belonging to the Artillery was fo far from being compleat, that the General himielf was obliged to order the Soldiers to be trained in that Branch of Service-, nay he frequently (hewed them the W^ay of charging the Gun;,, and rendered thenv, fo expest that they often fired five Shot for three of the Enemy ; he took Care to have great Guns fud- denly fent out in lieu of a great many which wera rended j the Shells and Shot were carefufly fur* veyed and guaged, which required the continual Application of the Governour, who erred in no Part of an Old Captain but that he expofed his L'ii^ too much like a Young Soldier. He even flood undaunted when the Balls ftruck into the Mouths of the Cannon mounted iipqn the Ramparts, and fcattered the Stones of the Embrafurcs, As you feem to be in fome Degree for continen- tal Mealures, fo I have taken a View of your Senti- ments on that Particular, which with all due Dc- ^■rence, are not latisfadory to me j and I am one of thole M ( 17 ) thofe who cannot fee t!ie infinite Advv.ntajrcs vvl.ich this Nation hath reaped from tl.ert;;;;^^^ War. Nor can I ite how " that univcrfiil Ba; kruptcy which '* hath crowned the Diftredcs oi France^* hath arifcn from that Source. *Tis true, Frcmh Armies were fcnt into fVeflphalia^ but with no luch Kxpence as you would infinuate-, for the hnmcnlc Sums. levied upon Hanover and the other .Statis of his Britannic Majedy, were more than fufllcitnt to repay th^aii ; The Country was dclulated by them •■> imperial Ci- ties, fu 'i as Bremen^ were obliged to receive their v'oraciou Troops. The MouTes of Nobl-'men and wealthy Burghers were ilripped of their Plate and Jewels; nay, Jews were fcnt for from !loii'a;:d, i^ buy them at lefs than ui'.e lojrth Part ot their Va- lue. Curtains, Beds, an»-'^^- r-: I am, tf ir. t -\ >fAi ■*■■ • \jP 1 N I S. t.v .1- X' « •■*' . T. '• -•• . u, ' ■'•■.\ !)^^. ■ .■•'J»if ^f ^ ?dly lias ob* ■i^y wUi, af- :o whatcvcf curing tJna^ Dignity to io(l rational lutual Hap. Lnvy of th^ the0bl«v ^rfofmancCi 1 C^nfurc % Sentiment, hich ought ful Refpect fou are for oniy diS^t I So twith- M kit re- ^cti for iii^ f our Mef- have bten ling of the to be feht et theEnfe. 2ace4)e :fei,/ ruich cdn-f will not bi ?;:■. f I Hi