CIHM ICMH Microfiche Collection de Series microfiches (IMonographs) (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Inttitut Canadian da microraproductions Itittoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged / Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicuite Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^raphiques en couleur Coloured inl( (i.e. other than blue or blaci() / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bieue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or Illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur F'y Bound with other material / L^ Reli6 avec d'autres documents D n Only edition available / Seule Mition disponible light binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure senr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge intdrieure. Blanl( leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl6mentaires: L'Institut a microfilnoA le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Lee details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-4trB uniques du point de vue bibii- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la metho- ds nonnale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagies D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^es et/ou peiiicui^es r~K Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / 1—1 Pages dteoiortes, tachet^es ou piqudes I I Pages detached / Pages ddtachtes I / 1 tax 16x 20x a«x 28x 32x TIM copy fUm«d hwa luw bMfi r«produe^ thanks to ttM e« (moaning "CON- TIIVUED"). or tho symbol ▼ (moaning "END"). wMehawar appHas. Mapa. plataa. charts, ate., may ba filntad at diffarant raduetion ratios. Thoso too lorgo to bo ontiroly includod in ono aapoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comor. loft to right and top to bottom, as many framas aa raquirad. Tha following diogroms ilhistrata tha mathod: Laa imagas suivantas ont *t* raproduitas avac la piua grand soin. compto tonu da la condition si do io nottotA do I'oKomplaira film*, at an eonf ormM aM90 laa eonditiona du contrat da fMmaga. Laa asamplairaa originoux dont la eouvorturo an poplor oot imprimdo sont flimOs on commancant par la pramiar plat at tn tarminant soit psr Is domiiro paga qui comporto unm amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'iUustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la eaa. Tous ios sutros oasmplsiras origlnoua sont fUmAs an commandant par la pramMra paga qui comporto uno omprointa dimpraasion ou d'iNuatration at an tarminant par la damMra paga qui comporto uno tolla amprainta. Un das symbdos suivants sppsraltra sur la damiAra imaga da chaqua microfiche, salon la cos: la symbdo -^ signifis "A 8UIVRE". la symboio ▼ signifis "FIN". Los cartas, planchas. tableaux, etc.. peuvent itra filmis A dee tau« da rOduction diff Arents. Lorsquo le document est trop grand pour Atre roproduH en un soul clichA. il est filmA A psrtir do I'sngle supAriour gauche, do gauche A droite. et do haut en baa. en pronant la nombre d'imegos nAceesaire. Lee diegrammes suivsnts illustrent la mAthodo. 1 2 3 4 5 6 m a ocen anoumoN mr cmmt (ANSI and no TISr CHART No. 3) j4 ^iPPLED IN/MGE he leSJ Cost Itojn SIrMt KochMtar. Nnr Toe* l4«o« u«* (716) «M - 0300 - PhonT^ "" (7ie) 288 - S989 - Fm SURVEY IDES AND CTJRKENTS I I CANADIAN WATERS W BELL DAWSON, CB. Sngirutr tn eharye. FIRST REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1894 {Beprinied. 1906.) OTTAWA OOVBRNMBNT PRINTIINO BUREAU. 1907. • «., I SURVEY TIDK AND CDRBINT8 IN OANIDIAIT fTATERS W. WmLL DiAWMUr, cs. TSaai BKPOBT of PBOOBflSB. Ottawa, Utk Juusfx, UM. W. P. Ammmm, Wt^OM^ OUef Tn g ta w f. D^urtmant of Ibriiw and fb!Mri«i. av-I Uy th» boBoiir to rateiit tb« Mkmiag nport with Nfaid to th« f^vmj of Tidw aad OiDNBti ia O^Bod'aa At the pM ^ wUek tUo wotk iM. nmM. H my te wril to iMfiii k, itritmiat etamOf Oo wi— l iilii— that Iwro Kmb wait dnriag A« pMt ymn in Magiac tbio ourttor befom tiw aotieo of the GomnMBt, ud ^ atopa thot haf« already * ' *^ As leac ago M the mwtiiiff of the Britidi Amwiatiim held in Mootnal in 1884 ' the imynrtaaee of iwbU>«-- - -» taUes for Canadian watMs. and the neeewity of establiahinc ttationi for , itiona waa diaeuMd. The Aaaoeiation ado|itad a reBoIutkm dn^irinc th» tt' ^f the Qoverament of the Domiiiion to the niatter and abo appoiiited a on " eoUMt infenBation and mahe npraMntatiooa to the-Gownment ngardinc ... Jhe uommittee oonaiated of Dr. A Jidmaon. diair- man; i^rofenor J. O. HacOn«or, of Halifax ; J. B. Oberriman. of Toronto; H. T. Borer, of Hontreal; and C. Carpmael. Diieetor of the ICeteofokgieal Serrioe. Bie Montreal Board of Trade were at the wme time oonaiderinv the qneetion independ- •^ntly. and they concurred in addreiainff a strong memorial on the aubjeot to tho- Dominion OoTemment Ship ownen and maater* of ahipe were abo imetically unanimous aa to the preaaing need for knowledge on the aubject of the tidea and currenta. Dnring the following aoMiraa of Pariiament, petitiona and repivaeBtationa imm made through the then Minister of Marine. In reply, thia Minister atated that owing to the outlay on'Wie Georgian Bay Snrfoy, and the expedition to Hudaon'a Bay dnr- >nsr the maam e{ 1885. tin Oofenmient did not mopose to take action fn the matter ^ tidkl oboervatioBS at tiiat time. n I. I* — - ""^m M M ottw ^maom^ to — ijwtola A* addltioMr I. «- ' *»^^>»wi*^, Aillr alif* to Artaf^irtM. «| aT ■ST-* U-.. tatt. -J* l«« to W rtb to •«,y ort . w,rrrZ« «i Z!5' J^ 0« tha Ntan of Hm Hudmi't Bty ««»«<<». . >» .m. b«tAo to -. .t o«o. how th. tiI mnmla. B« «lw vointo out tiwl la A* It jmn ffoa 1010 u»liiT, •••u»*irt»lo«i»»»Httk»wriO ■Hboo AOkM, w m •«"§§ ol mnjm m m»w < md fai tlw ■»• ywM ft* iM «l HI* M Wm MOS UtM. A oMtaiB niwmlua of tKto kH «IH<« nd ynpwty ia aadmibtodir daa to fa> pwfap> kaowMfa «l Aa aanaato; aad if tha aoab •/ aaffaw aaaapaa of vaaada f ma dbMtor m wnak ««• kaowa, H «odd add a ponwfal afiaaMat in faraar of ptootaantf with tha work larttnHth. Ha abo adda that if «• aooU oa^ lat a nooid of tha aamnr aaaapaa. the dalaya. aad tha anma of peaitioa diaaowa d whin a for elaaia away, ao farthar arffumant would ba iav>if«d: hat aaptaiaa of vaaaala aa a mb di^ka to admit ttiat thay Hava baaa oat of poaitioa; aad daafora aaeapad ata oalr iimwiliiriil io a ptaotiaal a«maa bjr civinc tha ahip a littla aioia oOat tha aatt royaf% whaa. if tha waathar Sa thiak. it auy ba fooad fhat tha aUp U aa far to tha Bortti aa ^ waa on ^ pvavioaa trip to tha aoath. It ia tha tow diflenlt undar thMa aitoaMtaaoia to aoUaat afidanoa oa tha ankjaot Ha ia hiaiaalf ooa- Tiaaad. hoaavar, of tha astraaa daainUUty, if not tha abaoluto aaoaaaity ,«f pn- ntMtm witfi IUb woik aa aaoa aa poaaiUa. Daiiat tha anauaar aaawm of 18M littla waa dono of a praetioal duoaotar, barood exploratoTT tripa auida Iqr Liaut Ooidoa aad Mr. Oaipiaaal. with a viaw to aaaartaia- inc tha beat poiata for tha aatabliahnvnit of tide gaagaa. At the ooBolarioB of the re-aarrajra tain aa thoroui^ a knowledga at poadUa of Oa currents in theaa watara, whether due to the tides or to any other cause, and to dia- tribute amongat marinara the information >tained. We believe that, the serioua loss of life and praparty due to diipwradu attributable to unknown currents during fogs or hacy weatiwr may thna be greatly diminishr . In ^udi weather these cur- rants are a eanaa of great aazia^ and dangiff.' ooKiniioniBrr or thi wdu. 1« the foUowfaig -Mon ,f igyj . ,,..^, »«. MW «d 1861, whd, we« dia«mwd fa. th. ««^ ^ ^i. g^^ I Tha iMpiHi uImuMim ««• adb Igr UmI OmkIm ■» t«* poiato «■ tiw •f V«f* liBllat tiM «liMt 1« ffaw Mat to mOi) ImmMiigt^itm of Oe beat hum of tide •aoai^ PHJiaiit O. H. Datwia, of Oaaibridge, Oa noat iauin- ent ipiiiiillil'oa tUel ta aat i e w, an u iiliii He Uadlj fan ^: adrin in t'a- matter; with a Hew elw to tibe ndaetioa of tke obeamtimia, e* ' '.•.kaktfea uf tide teVn horn than. Tka fai«a iaailr daeidad apoa wn the eae ^riead ^ Sir Willian ThoBMOB, aad than of than aan aaeoHiiwlr iiiitiiheaail to togia widk The netnda of the HaHiaz tidn ebon meatifflnod aen anbeatted to lb. Idvaid Hobertt, of the Kautieal Almann oAoo. AMioui^ then wen bneka aad iai- perfeetiona in the reoord, lie daHaed a qpeeial method of douUo ooaipntatioa by which tlien oould be auooeaafally onroome; and he wn therefon aUe to report faTonrably apoa them, ead to neeaiaiend ikmt tide tahln ahoold be ao npa to d from them. In aukiac the eatoahtioBa of then ttdn an iaoeniow aad oipeaain patiac n aah ln wn plaee d et tke lerTin of thia d^ertannt for a foe. Tide n eB hiaa wn derieed to feeiMato tke ertaerin ti&l oaledatieBa nr a by the I —I ef ladia. Ia tUa way tida tahln wen peapand In HaUfei^ iat « *» A. »*» Mil, and .iw, B-yiArf . -_ ^ i>««n or Attaatti ooMt of Hom Sootia. «* «*U0W, AW, TOM. „^„^ ■WilLWnB. w«t«. Wd .11 the other eteaent. reouirS^ ?. *^ ***^' *^ **™» t^ ^«« . ,«Dey i, u«Kl i„te«i of tTu^t 1^ *S " «^*' • •**» *^ **^ontyh.tdrentwioead.^.t^„T!S^V. ^ '«««»«• of thia^^H -«W on ih.oontim.ou. record ~°''°'"'*^'^-~J*»««n«^^ r^^^^^^^^^ tid. it ia .^^ ^ IrnadiuB thk mb mi. »_ j ^ ^ within tiie wrtieal i^m. «_ ,7^ "• "» '*t««»A The wtkd tipw li^vuM to kMneaaM V » •»* Wm ia whkh 1^ la ■«*■ to pmprt tmaiua, and A«far oomwetioa witb ^ m* k ande 1^ I of • loniBf aouU iioiai^ ia fte •adMTOur ti todno* w dbo* 1ht awtioa of 4» la MtoWMriwg tito Hit itatieBs aboM aMOEtioiNd, it ma Howtiiaaa — Tnnjj- ia brd«r to oMaia Ikt wbab riae aad fall of the tide, to floaatinirt a arnaO «■» of tiaibar, Bud on 1|ii8 apBoB tide-Iioiue was ^aoed to ptoteot the inatnunento fma dw weatlMV. ■tatiaoa wtf ei«eted nndn the imawdiato supnrnioa of fTlnlalii Dootlaa, :i.NJt., aad llvir eatd^duneot often eaUed fw mudi judgBMot ia ntiHfltlrith (nw- |tical dlAndtiai irfiich aroae, and in taUnc adrantace of'koal featoica to obtain avfi- dent ahdtar, ia ' menced SuptMabar, 1898. • «■ Magidm IaUMd:—M Grindstone, on eaat aide of the ialaadk Qaoge ia a wdl iu a timber Wediwater, for better protec^n. A. Le Bouidaii, local auperinteodent of telegrapfaa, ia dwrga. Oba^rvationa otnmneaoed Oetober, 18M. QtM^.— Oai«e placed at L«vi» Diy Dodt. U. Valiqnet, engineer of Dry DoA, in charge. Obaerrationa commwiced Noronber, 1^. J'o^&erPoMU.— (Beginning made.) Gauge to be placed in a well sunk on shore, and tide to be bd to it by a trench and piping. Tms. In the interasts of shipping, tho investigation of the tides has in general, diree aspects: (1) The times of hifl^ and Iot- water at the principal harboun of die ooon- try, and dw range of die tide. (1) The timea of hi^ and low watCT at die amalfer ports along ^ eoasta, and die ^di of water on shoals and ban at their entrances; in which the coasting veaBels are e^wcially interested. (8) The ^bcto of die tides in producing enrrenta. In this last reelect the Lower St Lawrence, die Bay of Fnndy, atid the iidets on oar Fadfio ooast, ore amonipt the most noiewortiiy ezrai^ to be found anywhare. la regards hif^ end low water, the aggregate interesta of die ooast- ing trade aae pwbal^ as g»eat aa Ooae of our few principal harbona. In the St. Lawrence river itself above Quebec the tuka have beesi ebaarvad iar some time in connection with the woA of ia^oving the navigaUe dianael of Urn river, carried out nnder the dirertiat of Mr. J. Kennedy, Chief Engineer to the Har- 68»7-i 10 tt^riwr Pifeto; and a ■i«D«l ttetkm h«d been 6ttd>Btf.«l to {iii»d«Whlliiifai«oflUria,^«aot««8ertl,«»u,rtefor^ To obtun the nqnind iaibnutioii, tidia itetjou mutt he eitebUdied et eouA Ae kod diiineaoe. for the melkr port, eui eftenmdi be det«»iML In the JTvL!? ^ S^ •***'*^ *** ""^ **^*^ i- thrt the kite h«hom« •>• often the leeetnutaUeto hm u etetiooe fr^n wfaieh to deteinilne Jhe tfcld dUfawoe. for qZ^ST!^''^ "^^ ^Jr~ '" *^ i^ ti»*^ h«hoa» «A a. Qnebeiv 8t John. NA, end N«» York, ue »t the mootfa. of tidal rime- end this ilT^l^^T?'***^*^*'*"**''*^**^ ***»«*» «»*««»• Toavoid thU dtOeolty^ Sandy Hook haa been ohoeen inatead of JSew York haiboor, aa • point of i«feienoe for other plaeea along the Atlantic ooaat At Qnebeo and St John, the •ame local difienltiea occar; and altiiQn«fa it i. neeemry to ohaerve the Sea at diaae harboon on account of their own iaipwtane^ h ia donbtfol whether St John I will anawer satiirfaotorily as a port of wference for the Bay of Pundy. On this | account it i. advisable to eataUiah an additional tide gauge as aoon aa poariUe at Yarmouth, which is the best available point It ia free from local influences, and the tidea have a more medium range than at St John, making reaults more reliable: and It beat commands the entrance to the Bey of Fundy, as the tides enter the bay from the eouthw«at For the Atlantic ooaM of Nov* Scotia, Haliisx i. undoubtedly the tocaUty to select, as it has the advantage of combining both the objects referred to It la a (pjestion, however, whether it would be best to place the gauge in the harbour of Halifax, where the influence of the aocumukted tide in Bedford Basin may .have an apprecuble effect It may be found on examination that a point outside the har- bour, such as Chebucto Head, may give better naulta for the actual tide of the Atlantic In reco mmen d in g the establishment of a tidal gauge at Haliftut, it may be well to endsin that to obtain a satkfactw»«^ *naM» Ivamt e/A for Urn oomol ««*«»•*««« o< I A. A. QiiM o£ St LKmmm foma • large •»• wWch k newly knd-kd-d, it Ll^«fi'Z»S^«t«BC« which «»««« it with th. «««. J5f»«^ C^ h, 1i- Stnat rf Bdk W. k only .bout 10 ina«rjdd.«.rf^^ Lfe th. oth« op«i«« btw«« Cpe Bieton .nd Newfoundknd, known on the Ci - (JT? S h» . width of 60 n.ik. »d . depth »-' the trmjter p.rtj.f ci^rSl-t 250 f. then.. i«<-i«^-r;**^'*«trfl^rl Cb. tdnm into «oo«nt in it. «Ution to the tid« M«d eormits <>< *»»0^^ K hrwiAwi«dtoth.-twom«nent«K«th«n.d.«^.^^^^ lo, g^ted th.t their ininenc depend. ~ldy npon their wUtive dimw^on.- ludS^the n«,«nent of iceber,. in the 8tr«t of BeBe Ide. ^^^^^ L Z^» Urg. «nount of ooM wirter itod. it. way tfiro.1* It into ti«^Q^^ L, be in mlity » hrMiA of the Pokr cnrrent on it. way *>nth femn ^'^^J^ CL^tSSn«« to th. Qnlf n»y «m nnimi«irt«t - 00^^ r3 b. w««nb«d th.t . cnnent of ««« h.H . mil. an hour throu^i. K lli; ^ tX Qutf . .ohnn. of oold wator n««« th«i «^ luiaii the Tcdnme diwiharied by the Biwr St Lawrmoe. I Ai Mgard. tide, howe«r. the« k little douWt that the amount entering the Q^f L the 8t^ Belk We k rektively T«ry .mall; but owing to the nature of tida llduktion.. it k quite ,io«ble that it. effect, may be felt farther ^^^^^^^^^ ■would .mn liWy. In addition to thk. the tide k «ure to have a direct influ«B« Ion the namoBot of the current it the Strait It k therefore neccMary to ertabh* |atidegaugeth«...«KmMpo«ible. The beatj^ition will proUbly l«rtj^^ iBay. where there k a wharf and good ahdter. Thui bay i. ako at the narrowert part I of the Strait '*«■ ^ <««w*" <*» **^ ** **""'^^" I The main tide found in the QuM undoubtedly enters by Cabot Stadt (between I Cape Breton and Newfoundland) from the general tidal waTC in the Atlantic, which I advance, from the «>«theaat It k a remarkable fact that the tidal wave which I enters here, does not k»e its«af in the great expanee of the Gulf area, but » again ■ found with a range even- greater than before in the passage betw^ Gasp^ and I Anticosti. and frem there continues ite couiae, with ever increasing 1««^*'_"P ^^ I St. Lawrence to Quebec. Thk k well iUustrated by the curves already recorded by I the tide gauges." The progrere of the tidal wave in thk leading direction, must te I largely due to the exktence of a deep channel, which crosses the whole extent of . I the GuH from Cabot Strait to the passage referred to. between Gasp6 and Antieoati ; I and thence octenda up the St Lawrence nearly to the Saguenay. This channd thus I extends for a distance of 600 miles, with an average width of 86 miles, and a con- - tinuous depth of over 160 fathoms. It k thk channel which forms an avenue of I least resktaiMie for the progren of the tidal wave. I Thk win expUin in general the r««ons for the positions chosen for the tide I gauges. It waa evident that obwirvations at some point in Cabot Strait wouW I furnkh a key to the rituation; but the reeky cliflb on both sides, at Cape North ai^ I Cape BiV. «d the roeky character and expo^id aituation of St Paul laknd, made I itapp«Ti«f»«tfa»U*toFho..tid.gau». the». In locating the gauge on th. 11 tUa^-tm^ ZST "WMWHt paiirt of AiMtmmH T r^ ^* •"•Wed <*» « *• awiB cfautaij JZr ^ r y™"' Jdrirti^ ; 1W «m hm^ ^^ W»»r Adb» wrt«, wiieh i, fcoJdJd l^tT-S* '^•«*««^ bv of «B«^. ?^^WK* to Oh« B«tot^ -^ tji^JT^ ^ /^ *P^«f J«*« th«,«^t twL Uy^Ji^ ^«« Edw«d W^rf B^ "^ ^ tWri WW8 liM t» "Y •""'MM onjjr about thirtr f.tlw»». ^ -sj^ >»- ti- c«rSThe^trniit:^ •* j-t -Xtsi ^ «mo^ ftom the deep «te, J W^Si^ « thi. i. the point • w«wl euficient to e,t.Mi«h it. tidTSfc J?^ ^ ' " * """P^wtiTely d>ort time *•»«» be ntiHMd fei. *k- ^^ ^^ oJOiBrrause from St Pan] r«i-«j ■»«" iime, At Father Point th- «--*. "** '^°» *^ w^'of nert «a«>n. ^V^ .t from b*« c^ ^ray^r^JrJ*. ^^ ?«~ ^-.ter mark 5» rffw with the tide. Tbi, nee^L^^ ^^ *" '*«''» «fr«to up «.d .fown J^^tie. the wharf atlSL^X^^^*;.^.^^^ On ««o«nt ^^ »• trork WW oommenced. The diidmnL ^u -, ^ *"*"*• ^ examined brfore ■"^•"w anuemait may iio« ^e i wndd iMtmtmwm^mAt «ilk AmntHam ami* ^ m. i OB tfw obMftailHMi Mrf 1b« «aqile9«Mi of t w^ tto n t obwrrw fw te r«wald ba 1m» wmmmImI Omb t» aulw «h» capcoditwn raqidnd to «rtiA8d> the ) a* FatfMr Mat Iko pMoHfld cdvuiiNtB of FtdMr Point m tfio POoi Stttlaa, k • stUl mm* tMfjrtaiit a««Btat in ita {aroor. tHw «Metion of tiw gaofa ttaaa Ihanki theMfoM ha aaftkd oat aa aoon aa poaaiUa a«zt i To oomplata tha nnadbar of prinrnpal atationa f o? the tidal obaerrstiooa in aaoa with tibe tiaianatimia than gyrtn, thne additional tide gaugaa abonU be aneled •1 Yarmouth, Halifax, and Bdk Ide, iwpectiTdy; tha station at Fathor F<^t aheuld he aataWidwd, and tha tide gauge va the Magdalwi lalanda ihould be lemov^ to the Tidnitgr of ¥iwtiAi Bay. I would leoommand that thia be done doting ^ eoniag aaasoB in oxdet tiMrt lib» atationa may be in operation at the earlieat poaatUa data. Than am two wajra in wliidi marine eunmlB majr be daarifiad. Fran At* poiat ti view af the main routaa qf ncrigntion whioh tratene the Outf and f^low oar eoaatib iinf may be tainiad Sp ee d Onmnta or Oroaa Ourrenta, aoowding aa they aanat or w^ tud a veaael, or tend to oarry it lateraUy out of its ooune. The Outf Stream off tiw coaat affordi an ezaaqile on a large aoale of a apeed cnmnt ; as vcaaab Kew Todt and Hm Weat Indies oan obtain a distinct advantage in time by loBowing or avoidii^ it. On tiie otiiav hand witii r^erenoe to t^ cauaea wliidi give liaa to tiie eurronto, a diatinetion may be made between tidal ennents and tiiose pre- daeed hurgdy or wfao^r by the wind. In tiiis oonneetitm also, the rdation betwesn sarfaee enmnta and under onrrents is important; aa tiw wind may diqilaoe a surface * ontent from ita normal potition, and tiraa allow t^ . water beneatii to replaee it to a gm^er or has extei^ Thne afe other 'cauaes alao, such as difference of temperatoM, wUflh may Mng an under current to tiw surface, or occasion a surface 4Mirzent tosink. It most not, tiwiafore, be hastily assumed that inf(»niation regarding under eunentft ia of no praetical use for the purpose of navigation. In addition to these cauaes tiw heif^t of the barometer may abo have an appreei^le effect on the movement of cur- rents. ' In iUuatration of Ibe above points, some examples may be given from what is al- ready more or less distinctly known or supposed to take place in the Lower St. Law- rence and Oulf ; and theae examples may also serve to show the nature of the informa- tion liiat it is so important to obtain with at least some degree of certainty. From Quebec to FatfiK Point the tidal currents occupy the whr~3 widtii of tibis rivar; and althooi^ they may clam as speed currents, it is only the smaller suling craft that tdw uiy advantage <^ tiiem. The steamships take their diance of gain or kes and diai e gaid them; althoui^ tiw direction of the curzmt has to be conaideied in cal^ ewleting time of arrival in port, and nakii^ railway connections. Whoe tiw rivet wideaa the caee ia differ^t, as part of the width is occupied by a constant downward cuneat wbieb appears usually to run parallel to the sontii shore at no jrreat distance from it, all tiw way to Qa&pi. It is possible that this current may prove to be due ua iiiiii) iimaiiini l• «im«« on flie ronte of wiA oomta« IbwmA «»«-i. *^Bu» r P««» of « ««i of mercury cor«»pond. to .bout . foot in th! SJ-Jl^T!!!^ 1 •qmHbrmai of the Ghdf wiB bo dictnbea. u Ob «f Ik* ta of «• i f^mMUhtt^bftUw. Om ik» Tmm torn, ^ tuniif :l^ i* '*'~* "^^ •»-- -STiiirzc "*''''» ■■•«■ •• Wd «mt dwjhtc «ii« ooaifaMi mimb- la himiIiii a. —- — ~ . mjwnn or oomnti. J(l) »omd o«ndltk«.-««l (8) «gpttod MadHioa. aad dlrtirtC^WhSI ■WW • Mu^ mtmof mnmmmt nd prarailinf wiad tram tb» ■wrthiwat- m^ Mm. «< iradw Ike nrnmalsjoaditimM tlMo, tin ]mSkm mom whfaih m»4-^ a^ pnetealadraategiBof MHunoi. When dl th. tidil rti^kw wy«li •• li«« l«*«.*-i pojJW. to drtemin. ««. of the tidd diffeteno- betw.* the p^Mat .^ wi& Slt^^^ " ^"^ "^ «»-»t.«««. ia the intemt. of the awdrt. ft » thwefow edfiieMe that tUe taaaeb of est advantaga to work from a Teaad at anohw, aa it affords a fiasd point ftom whiah to datarmiaa the dinetion and Tdoelty of the ourwnts. Thia is eapeeialiy i mport aitf whan Hm land is too distant to dats tm ins the diMotion and (Qaed oi ft einraa* br the drift of die veasdi itself; and sndi determinations from drifting are in any aaaa oompUofttad with lea-way from tha wind. Tha deptha in ^ QnM ara not a» f onrfdf aUa as those enoountered by the BUtk0. aa they nowhew awseed 800 fathoma. lot tlie aomy of currents, the use of a sailiug waiel is found to be invraetieftUa w account of the long delay in arriving at the spot where the obeerrations are reqv^ and the impoariWlity of doing ao in a calm, lAioh is the Tory time when the obear- vationa would be the most accurmte, the long time required to heaTO up the anchor by a hand windlass, and the danger to the vessel during thU delay, if bad weather* the cause of departure. For these reasons it is neceswiry to have a steamer with steam winches, fa., which a few additional appUances would prepare for anchoring. The observations should include the density and the temperature of the water, aa well aa the direction of the currents. The density is chiefly useful as an indication of iU admixture with fresh water, either in the estuary or in the neighbourhood of melt- ing icebergs. The temperature bar always been found a valuable guide in tracing cur- rents. In SMoe situations it will be advisable to determine the under currents also. Tha speed of the surface currents thepwdvee should be determined at a uniform depth ci 10 feet, as this may be taken in general aa half the average draught of a vessel. The speed, at this depOi, will best show the movement of the body of the surface water, in relation to its effect in drifting a vessel In the coming seaaon, I would recommend, as the moat effective way to commence the woric, that surveys be made of the two main entrances to the Gulf, at BcBe Isle and at Cabot Strait, between Cape Breton and Newfoundland ; in order to determine the amount and direction of the currents that may be found to paw througdi *haaa dominant openinga. To do this worit satirfactorily, obaervations should be carried on umohaneondy at the two ^aeea, and should bo continued for about three montha, in order to secure the truly normal conditions of the eprrenta, the effect of the di««* •w^ tl» aBmy «# 111. WM,^, -fcZT; la with tVMid *• A pnetieal fmimmiiioe iiiMi * k. i... ' port of Hdifiu, b. thi. depa^r '' *^ *""'«"- ^^ «* table. f^^T W. lAwioioe. '^ "^ o^r^ ot the oumnt, ia the Onlf of figr ^ nee.ed.t aftlo^^t^,,^p^^ ^ «»u.flHiBfAiMMi- DwiM *• BMt MMO% 4m attMtkm of te D iji ffwi tar •• te II iTiiilMiiiff tit«V"-"-g • MriM «f itotioM m tiM «M^ «j 1* drfs Mpott .^_ _^ - of tiw DtMTtMMt of Mariaa lo» IStO ; Mttta^M ¥•. M. B-^TiTrilw WS; by Mr. CJiwl- 0«,-«l. Wwotor o£ tho Mo««m>laffl«l SriMb «d liort. A. It O idoB, KSM., m oboody oitod, vm »• Utt D^Bty lUaktar'o Roport ia Ao Amtori Bi»ofl of »• DopirtMnt '»« m order to ennpiete tne »yii*m. Mr Oannael dnrin* tiie month of October viaited certain pointa f or the pnrpoje of ■.^.fpt.ti.tt.t their anitabiHty for obeerving etationa and has reported that it would be bettertokaTe the eetobliahment of aome ten tide-eUtf aUtiona until the opening of .lavintion next apring. The wpctaHture oa acra!S!^y;**,^^<«»*- Th.othe»I would tm •«i^otl««srpi3?Mili^^~*^ «• »«*^ « *»» lUg^lSbK •i •» oJt^'** ■** ^ '* •'"^ •* *'«'*'«^ 3FoiBt^ Aatioorti. ««»• Wag into&nd with iffiSt^ « thu «„ « the dugw of th. ohmra- iUKi ^litn^^J^iJj^ to tfce^te WM not .^ wring to • «tom having dertwS^^e^Sl!^ *«, ^ ^'^ '*"*■«'' "Jthoui*. ■«rted with the Mrrioe. ^ MWting gauges and in other woik^ C^jit Doq^as joiBad ne at 0«ebM n. J»u i« j ^^ together «anuning the «te wSXl tSStS inlf ' • TOd ftat It w.., the meet eiigibfe that couW be ^J^TJ u^ ^'"^^T J*"'** «*-/. with certain api^ane.., «, ^^^H'oulJl'^i"^^ *-» ^n« order by thelSTASueT^ "* *^* «»«« ^ P»-oed «d jjt ^t;tt*«iss-.L' i"te^^'-Jl„^^.tJr\;i?- -* --^ WWB not venSed. • 'w as wih fce ieen later, these artieipatioM iMTing Southwest Point on the 12th Ai»r„^ Wo selected a site in the northe«t wrnS^f tK'JlP'^*^ *« 8*- John, N^. I«f««ee to on. I had h«pSe?3.ri tJ^^Sf "" ^^' ^O'"*^^, « jently e«cted now stands, buHtlattiTthl^aJK;?^' "^ ^^ ^ 1^^ We Aen proceeded to GrindBtone. Ma^W W^^^L!!"** '""* •»<* hawsers. M. During our stay an .«eile„t site forTiriZ. ' '^'T ** "^"^ «» Ang«t the bred^ater buUt by one of the £d^*.JiSS: I^ ST" f i*^*^^ . uaue. A i^an and aped- ftMtiM •! «ki «eA to te te^ iiwitofl ly Oi9^ W« l«ft Gviacbttme on Avgnrt 10, and I imtrnflted Oapt DoiicIm to vnwii to te bind «f 8*. Pfear*» Gabst Stoait. ud aea if ha MvldtDdaaaitriilarito lor a •aim and tiwa to froceed with tlw «M*ion ei tke lanae at St. John, 113. I mynlf laadad at Soari% P.EX, iriMi I laoad would be a anitiMe phoa for a wngt. Captain Doii|^ found St. Paul's a very difficult place to visit and nucb time was lost owiw to Ua havinv to wait for the as. fforlaw, the only steanahipoaOinff diere; it was tiinafore te Mi of September befera he landed. He soon found an excenent site in i^ small oore. A good shelter from a asteilj r gales wd the Atlantic ocean is afforded by the small rodty ialand running parallel and close to the shore of the main island Tlw ds^ of watter at low watmr springs is three feet, but that can be increased by one or two feet by the removal of the looaa stones and bouUsBs en the bottom, and the foundation made level and aaeure tbersby. The bottom is rodly with very lihle depont of sand or ailt, and that would entirdy disappear in the fan when bad weather brings in heavy aeaa on the coast. The site is idmnt 6S0 .Tsrda from Mil Campbril's, ^ superintendent, house. The road is good, but fiom twenty to thirty yards from the level XxuA to the face of the cliff above the propoaed site a path prtrteeted by a handrail and rou|^ planking would have to be made at a email cost From the edge of the cliff to the top of or side of the office, steps for ilescending would be required. Captain Doufl^ returned to St. John, N3., on the 14th September, and tenders having been asked iat, the offer of Meaors. Beatty ft Thompson was accepted. The woric was a very difficult one to aecomplidi, as the gauge column had to be placed on the rodty bottom of the harbour in 53 feet of water at high water sprinir tides. T e bottom was too hard to drive piles into ; the wharf against which the gauge is placed is not in good condition ; the rise and fall at springs is 80 feet, and the gauge column had to be heavily ballasted to counteract the floating power of 86 fe-.t, whidi had to be perfectly water-tight. Captain Douglas left for Antioosti on the 28th October and returned to St. John, N3., on the 14th November, where he found the work nearly completed, but the gauge column needed protection from ice and small craft using the small dock steps. To effuut this, strong sheet piling was placed to about 8 fert below the aero I used in plac- ing the gauge. On the 1st October a very hard gale frcnn the northwest brought in an unusually heavy sea at Southwest Point, Anticosti, which washed away the beams and other fastenings of the gauge column, as well as a large quantity of atone ballast used in the foundation of the woric, and as a protection from the outaide. Miss Jessie Pope, who was in charge of the gauge in the absence of her brother, Mr. Herbert Pope, at the time it was wredced, during the gale at great pmwnal xiA, saved the valuable mechanism in connection with t^ automatic gauge, and enalftled Captain Douglas to bring it to headquarters after his second visit to Anticosti. Captain Douglas ' ' 'ted Southwest Point in November Isst and made a careful re-examination of the iy. During the winter it was found that the eye reading gauge at St. John was not working satisfactorily and another form of gauge was substituted for it. This like- wise did not woric well and it was found that some one had dropped things into the well and almost choked it. The well was cleaned out and then worked satisfactorily. It was found that it would be cheaper in re-erecting the gauge at Southwest Point, Antocoeti, to use an old boiler for placing the tide well in, than a wooden box as before. While the necessary fittings were being made and the materials for the crib- work were being got together. Captain Douglas visited several points near Cape lineier and found at Fox River a suitable position for a gauge. He then took the gauge, well, materials and workmen to Southwest Point. to b« yrt Mieoted. *" '* *^°* **'•'' Sourfa and soim other statioiM "ntUL OmiBTATION WMK. mit. a ^ry full report TS work 1^.^^ * ?' ^T"* "«* Fisheri* He^nb- rf work done in thi. .errice while und^^ch^tf M^r*^"" V' . ^ "»«»* D«w«m'. appointment, will be found in An^di^n a ^5''?T*''' »"" *° M'- director of the Meteorological emioe *^^'''' ^*- ^' »**««l»ed <» his report m datefiathnLtriSntSHSat^ '-L^'- ^- «• Dawso. of the Chief Engineer, is tlJ'^S? whicitl?v"ni Lf L^^^""*'"^ "'"'' I* J- /