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(All rights reserved.) 
 ADVANCE PROOF rS II lijirl l„ rerlsion). 
 This Proof is sent to you tor discussion only, and on the 
 oxpross understnnding that it is not to be used for any other 
 purpose whatsoevor. 
 
 iiailOTHEQUe, 
 
 ■ ^'^ •■. Ill ■.■/■//„■ roKlUill,.;,,) 
 
 CiUJiiHian *odrtii of cMiil (''ndinfris. 
 
 IM'dl.'IMKA l'|;|l IssT. 
 
 N,H._-n,l« Snd.l.V, „s a l.n,lr. ,ln.« „„i |„.l,l ii«,.|r r,.,,..„,Ml,l,. |,„ Ih. I;„H w.i „i,|„l„„. 
 
 slillril In liny nf iln ihiIiMi'mIImmh 
 
 SCIiKKMNi; ol' -dl T coAl,. 
 liv .1. S. iMchKNvw, A. Can. Sue. (',|.; 
 (To \w. mill lilst Jiiiiy. ,n- 1 Mh I'.'liy.) 
 Cnul cvuirs IVom 111,' pit t.i llir suif.i.v iis ilir miller ha. hmkoii it 
 dnWM. 11... loi.ds iiitii l\w tiiljs thr iuiiips anil lii.f r.iul ii-iiJf l,y liii* 
 pit'k ill ImiIih'^ or ii;iil<.niiiiiiii- lii.s slioi, oi- i.i lin'.iiiini; up tlio lar-u iimsa 
 whifli is tumMnl Hvrr ,i> it-^ ivhiIi. Im rr,ii„s wlirrt' a lii^vr of stone 
 adli.ivs tolliutop oltli,. s,am, lir i. Iiouiiil undri- a penally to fWar thi.i 
 oil', lint Willi olliirlor.'iuii inallns tomiil in llu- coal In^ lias no ,-onciTn. 
 HouJily sp,akiiin, l,w ^cauis au- ah.MiliitW^' liv,- dnni m.oIi in.pi.i ities^ 
 
 and to Lfing tlir coal to its h.-t MUM-liantaldc dition, tins.! must bo 
 
 icimivc.i as t;,'r as po>sil,l,.. \Vl„,i lliis hiis liicn dclic the coi.i i> " ruu 
 ol' mine ■■ in tlie cnnm. icial sens.. U„und .•oal is i hat wliicli passes over 
 u sclcen. ti.e liais ol wlii.li liaw lutw. . ii tli.ni np, iinies olA t.i y of an 
 inch. Slack i> ili.. c. al whieli lidls tlinm^li il.e>,. ni eiiuh's. and it h 
 ofleii passed tliroiiMl, a stv.iiidaij- seiren and .livi.1,,1 into nut and duff. 
 The d.si.lerat-i in -cieeniiu are then Inr,' : — 
 
 I. Ellective sep.iralion ,d size-; >,, ilial slack may iml b.' carried 
 amoiii; the Inmps into tji.. roun.l c.iai, or so that, in'avoi.lin- this by 
 wide openings between llie bars, too inj;,. cml m .y not p:.s- int., the sl.ick, 
 a consideralii'n of some im|oii.inc,. in -hippinii -l.ick to the I'nited 
 ^Stales, wlieie an ixce-slve M/.e \u.uid r.nd.r ll,.. uai-o liahl.' to a 
 liiijher rat., nl' dutv. 
 
 II. An opportunity lor the ivmoval orniecliaiiieal impnrilies as .stoms 
 or pyriles. which ...-.■iir in M,m inesas '• balls,' ..r elsewli.re in lamina- 
 tions so thickly i.'ronped, a-^ to h.: lasih vi-ilil.'. 
 
 HI. Till- minimum ..rhieakaue ,n Ih.. transit, IVum the pit tub t.i the 
 railway car, the veitical .listatice h.tw.en the lewis ol wliicli i- Iroin 15 to 
 •-'5 bet. 
 
 The ordinary nutho.l .d' scr.ciiinL; is by a lixe.l sciivii about L'il 
 teet loii-anil (I Icet wid-, iii.'lin,.! at :in aiiule olahnut L'5 " . The efffo- 
 tive scr.etiin,!;- surface is ivdiiee.i in many cas.>, by the Us,, .il'.'ast ir.m 
 bars about ;;■ inch thick. The tub is comm,,nly provl.leil with au end 
 (l.ior. and, when run on a liimbliiii; caue, it i- tifpcd into coiilacl with 
 the upp. r L.i.l ol'tlie screen, Th.. d,„.r i- ..p.,,, d automatically or by the 
 alt..iidatil, ami the .■oal slnhs .h.wii ih,' sciven, A> tlniv i> no means of 
 leunlatmi; it- sp.eil, it v.iy imp.iUctly fullils all the conditions of 
 sciicniht.' coal, .x.-.'pt rapidity . as ii is obv ious that coal c„n be .-cnt ilowa 
 it asiapidiy aslnbseaii I, iipi.,1: hm it i- ml s. |.,-,r.|, d . tb ctiy, ly. no 
 ippoitunity lor pickin,; i- -iven. ami the br, aka^e „l ih.' lump c-oai and 
 
 ill I'lailwa) i.ii- is e.\ce-si\e. 
 
 'I'll, iinlho,! ol M.r.Miinm a,bp|,l.-,l by .\| , . |'o,,|,., at the A.-a,li . C.illi.Ty 
 in I'ntou county, is .H'cctive and c./onomical. He describes it as 
 'Ailiows:— - 
 
 (-'oal is drawn Irom th,' mim' np an incline ,.f '.'d - to L'.-^ = in bo.\e3 
 boldiiiM- a t,,n ,.a,di. Th,. box,,-, h iveml ,l„.,r.. ami ar,- run I'orffardoil 
 the bank hea.l, 2S Kri abovv ih.j mai.i ra'\v:,y, t,, a r,.|.k..r, Tlw loaded 
 b-,x tills up, til,. .I.N.r i> iv|,M.u,l, ami tiu' coal sli,l..> .,ui ,m t,. a d'.'ad 
 plat,' ,it the hia.l .d tli,. .-ciwiis. 
 
 The ,lea,| plat.-. I! It, wi,li., ,lip> at an aiijile ,d III - , From ita 
 lower ,.,l;:e pron',',1 luo >.i-,d'bars wlii.b w.- may .-ail A ami Ii, A it) 
 5 ft. I.itii; ami is ma.b' of 2 in. lai ph,,-,,! (, in."ap:„t. It ii,.-lin,., at 
 
 an ani;l.. of 21 - . 'i'o ii-^ i|i-t ,1 
 
 ml w 
 
 bill;:.',! an ap: 
 
 it. Ions;. 
 
 onlinaiiiy lyiicj ;,t th.^ -a incliiiati.ni. I'he live ,-ii,l of the apron is 
 
 .sustain...! by a .-ount.r w.-i-bt. Win n tli,. weiuht is ,lowii and th-i 
 
 |il up. tin 
 
 pa-sa-,. over its upper sinfao.. is clos..d by a li.xcd stop 
 susp,.n.lcd rr,.ui above, at a i.oiiit two thuds of the distauco from the 
 proximal end. 
 
Till'"!?" .'(till ■(ircti liii)' nrt' l"2 It, Inrj:, (if 1 iiLfq. iidii ami Jin. 
 a|iiit ; 1 1:1} : Ixi' III III I lie ( dill I'Imi iiiulii'ilir iiiiivy liai'Hut uii inclina- 
 tion of 45 ^ , and ciiiiliiiiii' at a Ksst'iiiiiu: iiiclinalimi uniil an anu'lc nt' 
 21® is roaclirii. iit wliirli iiutlinati'in the screen ihiii roniaiiis. A lio|i|)i'r 
 iMnler tlii'so burs enlleets tlie " slaek " coal lliaf lias t'liljen tlironjjli, at 
 tlie lower eiiil of this sereeii ; a shiirl lixeil sereoii - ft. (i in. lorn; with Pi 
 in. o|ieniiif;s se|iur:ites (ii;/ the " stove" xize. 'riicnceonw.ini the sorven 
 [s li .t'd wiih iniiieiliiiate plates, and teniiliiates in a iimnler alaiiced 
 apron 4 ft. wide, whieli, as rei|iiire(l, eheeks the flow ol eoal o\er the 
 sere en and enaliles stony eiial,ete., In he seen and reinoveil ; or i ntirely 
 dlojis the flow, and allow> eoal t" aeenninlatr while ears helow aiebein^ 
 Nhirted. 
 
 The ohjeel ol the luarse screen A is to separate out ' I'lirnace ' coal, 
 iind ilie -ijparath n ol viiy laiuc lumps liom tho run ol' mine cnaLles 
 a uioie tlioron^h sernniiig ol' the raiiaiinhr to he i ft'cctcd. The fur- 
 nace ccial slides lerwnrd on the apron and eolleels ai;aiiist the li.xed 
 stop. When the apron is I'nll, the screennian lil't-^ a brake from the 
 COnnte;hal;ince, and the apron then descends unlil the point rests on the 
 rei'nlar .-enin ; wliile it isdiseendinjr, the coal niinn it is slowly slidiui; for- 
 ward, and thriiee passes i|uieily on without a drop into the car 
 below. 
 
 The slack colleeli d in the hopiicr under the seieeii. drops into a well, 
 froui which it is elevated to the level of the bank head, and dropped into 
 a levolviiii;- .screen 12 It. lone by 4 ft. diauieter, coveied with wire clotb 
 of j} in. mesh. This screen separates the slack into '• nut " and " culm." 
 
 The above will make clear the arraiiLifiiienl at Westville; at the other 
 pits the ordinary screen is in use. 
 
 The arranjtcments at " Acadia,'' which are tlmrouyhly elfective. re(|uir') 
 a bij;h bank head to give space for the screens, and thus were not nvad. 
 able as models, win u the writer decided to change the screens he 
 found in place ;it liie [nleriiatioird mines. NoIwithstaiHliiiL; .Mr. I'oole's 
 kindassist.Hiee, some other d, vice h;id to be n-ed. wliieh could he placed 
 in a hank hiadimly 2i leet liii;li. No other .S'veeiis arc in use in Js'ova 
 Scotia, and the appaiatn- known as l{ejiu s patent Curved Belaud! 
 Screen was ini]ii rlid liom Kii,i;l; iid. Ii is liLimd ni I'hite lI.FiiiS. 1 
 and 2. and consists in the tijipiiif;- caue shown in Fiu. II. in the 
 position in whieii the loaded tub is pushed into ii. It is retained i , 
 posilion by anple irons, which project beyond and slightly above its 
 edi;es. The lever shown in I he sketch whieli operates the hand brake 
 is partially releas.d. and ihe whole e;ige turns ov<'r slowlv until it 
 reaches the posiiion shown in I ; the coal -lides out of the tub on the 
 screen, and by <;iiiviiy the ea;je asMinies its firmer position. The tubs 
 ale ■• .-olid," ihai is withiiutind doors, umi llms ,s:ivc a good deal in 
 repairs, tbeiloers luinu ihuse pnils most liable loiret out of order 
 
 The sercen is tift. wide and 1 1 ft. Inej; fii ui the top to the journal shaft 
 whieli siijijiorts it, and iheiiee to the inontli V.t It. in leiifith. To the 
 journal shall is keyed a lariiv brake wheel, the band brake on which is 
 controlled by a bell crank lever indicated in both sketches. The angle 
 of iiieliiiatioii el the iij.pM- pail is 25°, and of the lower 8°. The 
 uiomeiiluin (d' till ei al fiom the tub carries ii forward to the lower 
 pari of ilie -erein, ulieie il lies until it is inspieled. and. if necessary, 
 cleaned ; ihen, on Ihe rele.i>e of the brake, its weight causes the sercen 
 to tilt downwards, until the eoal siiihs gently into the car. When the 
 weight is renc'Ved the >eiei n iiimns to its tonner posiliun. 
 
 Tl will be seen. t!i;it. in giving a chance for cleaning the coal and 
 saving of hreaka.'c, it is perlcet. and very good for .sepuration of sizes. 
 It is liiiWever .--low, and by rei|niiing more sereeiw is thus more expen- 
 sive lor a given output than the old ty]ic. Its liist cost is high, and 
 coiiMi|n( ntly, a UHidlllcathin. snggestetl by JMr. .lohn Johnston, the 
 und(i!.ri uiid Uiaiiagtr. I as been ndi iited. This is shown in Figs. Ill 
 and I\'. The serein is the same length, but is 7lt. (iiiis. wide. Tho 
 upper part is lixeil at .in aiiL^le of 2.Sin. to Mdin. 
 
 The lower ]iarl rests nii a Jnnrnal at .X. and is supported by a 
 connli r wi ighl \\ , eontrolleu by a hiake I{ an und winch the connect- 
 ing wire rope )iassi>, T|,,' J!igg',s c;,^^ js used with this screen. When 
 the eoal is ready to be deposited in the car, the brake is released, and 
 the paint, "f the screen descends as in Fig. IV. When the coal is off, 
 the ei nnler-weight brings the screen back into the iiosition in Fif?, 
 III. In I'lgs. I iiiid II is shown the fox in which slack is caught ami 
 deiiosiled in a ear. In the other is .udicated at F an ( ndless chain 
 conveyor, whieli carries il to an elcvatm' to the subsidiary screen ou 
 the bank head, where the nut coal is takcu out. 
 
 i 
 
While lliis s):-ti'iii is more eo^lly limn the norniul tvpc, its ( ffieioncy 
 more tlimi coniiiiiii-aUH lor tlio Cdst in friviiijj a cli'iun i- nrd iaincr koA 
 than WHS (bnni'ily (ilitnincd. 
 
 Till' Old Sydney and Virtoriii Mini'-i I'mfdoy an ;i|i|iiiiatin kiKiwn as 
 tilt' Riily Fuiiplay wliieli Mr. Hmwii. tlic niaii;ii;i'r, lias kindly do-- 
 erilii'd liir this |ia|n,'r. He says : — 
 
 '•Till' Hilly I'Virplay " system is in use .it the Sydney loines nf tli" 
 (Jeneiid Mininj; Assdciatiiiti, Limited.' 
 
 Hy this iiii'thiid the eoal is nut riddleil in the pit hy the enlijcis, but 
 is tilled hy tlioni jiisl as it, is (!iil, inl.i the tnh- .ir Imxes. the liive mid 
 small or slack I'liid ;ill li.:.,,! .. mw arrival at the snrlaee, the tub iif 
 colli is weighed, and the s:ross weijfht oT tli" coal it contains is recorded. 
 It is then duniiied into the sirri^ns ; the ."cr^eiied lai;;e coal (lusses over 
 the bars of the .screen Into the cms, and the slack coal pa^stis tlirau<'h 
 the .spaces between the bars of the screen into ii hopper. 
 
 From this hopper the slack coal tills into a tray which haiiifs sus- 
 pended on pivots Crom an indic.ilini; did overheid. When all the slack 
 from a tub of coal has thus j;oiie inio the tray, its weiiihl isa.scertainod 
 by the dial, and the tr ly is then capsized by a strinu; pulled by a small 
 boy stationed at the screen for the jmrpo-e, .and the empty tray resumes 
 its original position ready for the next tub of coal. 
 
 The sitro.ss weijiht ol' the coal that wis in the tub is placed to the 
 credit of the collier who sent it up, and the wei^dit of slack that has 
 been screened from that tub is placed to his debit; he is paid u certain 
 price per ton, only on the ditt'ereiiee, that is, the .screened iwM coal. 
 
 The advantages of this .sy-ifin are, that the colliera are saved the 
 labor of riddling their coal by h md, and that it diseriniinates in favor 
 of the skilful workman, who hews his coal \vit,li a view to make as little 
 slack as possible, and gives him, as he de>,M ves. better pay than the 
 careless miner, who breaks up an undue proportion oC the coal which he 
 }irodiices. 
 
 The slack coal is emptied by the capsized tray into a small tub. 
 This tub, when I'l.ll, is drawn up a st ep incline hy means of a small 
 engine and wire oiie, and when arriving at tlie top it automatically 
 eni[itics it.-elf 
 
 The .-ilaek coal fioin the tub falls iipin an oseilluting screen composed 
 of wire netting of half inch si|iiare niesli, which separates it into nut and 
 duff, each of wliieli passes through a .shute into a car of its own on the 
 railroad heleW. Fi slack coal is at any time desire<l In the ears instead 
 of nut and diitf, then the wire netting screen lot nseil. 
 
 Till! Billy Fairplay systi'iii is largelv used in Wales and in the north 
 of Kngland. 
 
 It may be noted that, while the " IJilh Kairplay ' is a very valu 
 able ineeiitivi' to the miner to reduce the slack to a niiiiiiiium, the |prao- 
 tice of riddling coal in t!ie pit to which .Mr. Brown rel'ers has been 
 abaniloned by all lait one or two mines in Cape Breton ami Nova 
 Scotia. TIk' Knulish jiraelice is very elaborate at the best collieries. 
 Screens, haviiiLr bars with reciprocal motion carrying the coal along, 
 circular screens revolving Imriz.intally, so tint different bands of coal 
 can be sorted i:ilo dilt'iivnt cars, are in use, all of them elaborately 
 cxpUined in Percy's Mechanical Kngineering of Collieries. In the 
 I'illshnry re'j:ioii, tlie sereeniiiL' appliances are good. In ni in v oases a very 
 high hank head :dlows enoiigh assorling of the different sizes tliri>iigh 
 a succession of screens into different cars ; but while. It may not be true 
 of other departments of the industry, the best iiractice in screening iu 
 this province is abreast of the times. 
 
 3