IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 %■ 
 
 m^' 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 4. 
 
 
 Q, 
 
 / 
 
 ^6 
 
 ij. 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 L25 i 1.4 
 
 1 2.0 
 
 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 i3 \nfc5T mAsN STrEcT 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 |\ 
 
 iV 
 
 •o^ 
 
 ^\ 
 
 
 ''<i> 1>^ <>^\ 
 
 m 
 
 _^«. 
 
 "-f^ 
 
 o^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 % 
 
 V 
 
 "%" 
 
 V. \ 
 

 W, 
 
 
 V 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfit^he 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 Covers damaged/ 
 Couverture endommag^e 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicul^e 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes g^ographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with othttr material/ 
 Relid avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 Lareliure serree peut causer de I'ombra ou de la 
 distorsion le long da la marge interieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II fie peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties 
 lors dune restauration apparaissent dans le texta, 
 mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas iti film^es. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppt^mentaires; 
 
 L'Institut a microfilme le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a et6 possibla de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-«^tre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la mithode normale de filmage 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 Thi 
 to 1 
 
 f I Coloured pages/ 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagees 
 
 Pages restored and/or 
 
 Pages restaurees et/ou pelliculees 
 
 p"| Pages damaged/ 
 
 I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 / 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages ddcolorees, tachetees ou piquees 
 
 r~1 Pages detached/ 
 
 Pages detachees 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quality inigale de i'lmpression 
 
 Includes supplementary materia 
 Comprend du materiel supplementaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 fy] Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 r~l Only edition available/ 
 
 n 
 
 Pages wholly or partf^dly obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, 
 etc., cnt 6t6 film^es d nouveau de facon a 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible 
 
 Th« 
 pes 
 of 1 
 filrr 
 
 Orii 
 beg 
 the 
 sioi 
 oth 
 firs 
 sioi 
 or i 
 
 The 
 sha 
 TIN 
 whi 
 
 Mai 
 diffi 
 enti 
 beg 
 righ 
 reqi 
 met 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 
 ^OX 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20r 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 Library of the Public 
 Ai-chives of Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. Ail 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a prir :ed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol —»- (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grflce & la 
 g6n6rosit6 de: 
 
 La biblicthdque des Archives 
 publiques du Canada 
 
 Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at 
 da L nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimis sont filmd^s en commengant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustrat'on, soit par le second 
 plat, selon le cas. Tous les autreo exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmds en commenqant par la 
 premidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 dernidre image do cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole — ►signifie "A SUIVRE ", le 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 fiimds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre 
 reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d pirtir 
 de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcessairs. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la mdihode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
A I 
 
 (All right* reserved,') 
 ADVANCE PROOF~(.S'«6/ec< U, recuwn). 
 This proof is sent to you for discussion only, and on iJie expivs. 
 understandin.. timt it, is „ot to be used for any other purpose wh.it- 
 ever — (See Sec. 47 of the Conilituiion). 
 
 ^anadiai) Jodelij cf ^ioil ^n^mms. 
 
 INCORPORATED 1887. 
 
 TRANSACTIONS. 
 
 N.B.— This Society, as a body, does not hold itself responsible for tlie facts 
 and opinions stated in any of its publications. 
 
 THE DARTMOUTH, N.S., WATER AND SEWERAGK 
 WORKS. 
 By F. a. Crekihton, Sti:d. (Jan. .Soo. C. K. 
 To he read Thurndiiy, Mutch lut , 1894. 
 In the year 1875 Mr. T. 0. Keefer, M. Can. Sne.O.E., wa. aih'd 
 to Darlnioulli, N.H., to report on the o(wt of a syst.ni of wiifcr woriis 
 ibr that town. Tlie n.ost feasilde plan scM'nicd to be a graviiy sys- 
 tem, sujipliod from F,am(mt and Tojisail Lakes, a splendid natural 
 reservoir .situated amouLi llic hill.s, distant about three miles to tin; 
 norlhea.st oflhe town. Mr. Keefer Imd anixtensive .survey made of 
 these lakesaswel) as of hiKiu I^ake, which, as will be seen by lb.' ))lan. 
 is situated to thee -^ id'Topsail l,akeand is distant from it about 15(10 
 feet, Mr. Keefer rep.... <;d with plans and estimates, and the matter was 
 dropped for the lime. The ((uestion (d' the introduction of water was 
 raised from time to time, until finally in the latter part ofllie year 
 ls89 Mr. E. JI, Keating, M.l.C'.E., at that time City Kn-ineer of 
 Halifax, was called upon to make plans and estimates for the immediate 
 introduntion of a water and sewerage .system. When the estimates and 
 plans were ready, a pidilie meeting of ratepayers was called, which, 
 however, was adjourned for one year. A meetin.g was held in J;in. 
 nuary, 18!tl, whin the ratepayers authorized the Council to ask pcr- 
 mis.sion of the Legislature to borrow the sun> of SlOO.OOIt to introduce 
 the water and sewerage systems into the town, and the works were finally 
 begun in the fall of ISUL 
 
 WATKR .SUPPLY. 
 
 'fhe plans id' Messrs, Keefer and Keating were followed in tin,' main, 
 and ibe water brought from Lamont and Tojisail Lakes. (Plato II],) 
 'f bese lakes are at an elevation of 225 feet above the mean tide 
 level of Halifax Harbour, and have a combined watershed (exclusive 
 of the lakes themselves) of 5S8 acres, mostly of thiokly wooded land. 
 The combined area of the lakes is 1G3 acres. Lament being 22 and 
 Top.sail 141 acres. Tl e depth of the lake,s ranges from 12 to 25 fe.'t, 
 aTid the bottom is for the most part gravelly, though the north end of 
 Lamunt Lake has a considerable area of muddy bottom. 
 
 The stream between the lakes was originally about 2 feet deep and 
 350 feet long, but this was enlarged to a canal 8 feet deep and 4 feet 
 wide at the b<ittora, witliTiie side slopes rip-riipped for their entire length. 
 Lauiont and 'fopsail Lakes are capable of supplying to the town 
 750,000 gallons per diem, while for the ])resent 250,000 is all that 
 will be used. The sfoiagc capacity is 234,000,000 gallons. 
 
 The efficiency of these lakes uiay be more than doubled as soon as 
 necessity ari.sos, by the addition of L.ion I;ake, which, as tiaa been 
 mentioned above, is distant from Topsail about 1500 feet. This 
 lake belongs t.i a different watershed from Topsail Jjake. It was 
 the reservoir of the old .'^hubeuacadie canal, and is some 'i leet lower 
 than Topsail. Before connecting Topsail and Loon Lake< the water 
 level of Loon would of course have to be raised, which could be done 
 by means of a dara about 160 feet long at the outlet ata cost of $500. 
 It is proposed to connect the iakcs by a 24 inch crock pipe, laid so as 
 
 7*itV 
 
to lake tlie overflow of l>ofm Ljikc. Tins pipe wlion laid as proposnd 
 can deliver, ruiiiiin- full, some :',600,000 -ak per diem, thus larsoly 
 iiicroaHing tbe available water supply. Tli.' tolil cost of the con- 
 nection if) cttiuiaU'd at $5000. 
 
 I)\M AND ClATE IIOIISK. 
 
 ^ Tlie dam and ^'at.e house aw situated at the foot of Lanient Lake 
 The ori-inal dam was built to suj)ply water for a grist mill, but tho 
 null had not been in use for seine years when the town took the lake 
 Tor its Kupply. TIk' old dam, whieb was built lou.uhly with stones, 
 brush, and ether rnhbish, was raised 2 or vj feet and the };atc house' 
 built ill the front ]iart. When the hikes rose, tho dam was found to 
 be loakin- eonsiderabl.v. The diihrrnt leaks werr n paired as they 
 appeared, bu( finall.y u Irenel, l',; feet wide was eiit alnn- ihe wlinlo 
 lenjith of Ihe dam, (l„wn lo a bed of elay some U feet under the 
 ori-iiial {ground surfaee, and liHed with well puddled elay. This 
 W'eined lo stop tho leaks effectually, and no trouble was , xper'ieneed till 
 February 7, 18li:3, when ii was found lo be leaUinj- about the waste- 
 weir, and iiii examination .showed us (i)llows : ll v.ill be s.en by ih,. 
 sketch how the wa.st.>weir is eonstiueted. Jt is 1.' f,rt wi le aiidset 
 
 icto the (him .M.me 2A (eet. (1 in. x S in. tind.ers bed,l..,l in tl lay an.) 
 
 pnt in rnnnint; aero..^ ll„. weir -I fe.t apart These are planked over 
 with ;! in. jilaiik, eaulked and run with tar to keep Ihe water from 
 making its way tlinm-h I,. Ih- elay. .\nother layer of ,T in. plank is 
 put on as a lentielioii (,om tho sun wlim no water is running over the 
 weir. Stakes are driven down in front at the lake end of Uie weir, 
 and :5 in. plank e.xtendiiifi 4 feet out or. each Ride of the weir spiked to 
 them. (1 in. ,x (, in. timber sides are then jnit in, with the limber,-! well 
 fa<tene,l to.^etli,,- will, laubnlt... Then elay is wdl rammed down in 
 Iront of the apron and around the sides. A dry wall is built at the 
 back of the dam uiuK-r the woir, and loose roek thrown in behind to 
 break the force of the water falling over. 
 
 Frost „rf in,,. —h is known that as frost works down thronKli elay it 
 expands the elay, which of eonr.se must rise, and anything in the clay 
 must of necessity rise with it. Thus it will bo seen thnt as the frost 
 found its way down past the apron in front of the dam. eaeli plank, as 
 the fr.ist reached it, rose and separate.] from tin; one below it. In mir 
 case there were spaces of tVoo, h to 1 inch hetwoen them, while the tir.t 
 short plank at the sides was separal m1 from its noidibour fully 2 inches. 
 Then as frosi ooes dow>i ihrou.^h elay there is ahvays a space' 
 (usually half filled with ice needles) between the frozen around on 
 top and that unfrozen underneath. It will readily be seen that as 
 soon as the frost had worked down below the walerdevel, the water 
 would begin to lind it.s way hetwen the lift..! planks in front, and 
 along the seatn mado by the frost, and out into the stones behind the 
 dam. It would nut helomr before the water would wear away a con- 
 •iderable quantity ot Ihe soft elay, and thus make a serious leak 
 
 . PTSPi^ -^^^ >^ 
 
 
 
 ^ECTIOH • tHrooqH PAn 
 
 • FROi^T ■ ELtv'<\Tior(- 
 DarhTwiiHi . y.S. Wah'r Si//tf,/,- 
 
 • 5c»l« ./a • In cK- - l,-to ot^ 
 
 r.A.r.»!«MTOM.. 5hrf c„ ».« ex. 
 
 2 
 
The state of the dam at Dartiiioutli was about as sliowii on the 
 sketch. Tli<" f,'roun<l at llie ^ii].' (if the weir ha.l risen by thf action of 
 tlio frost and takiin the weir up with it. 'I'his hit spaces liitwern tlic 
 planks, and iJie Irost had then niiide a seam below tlir wnter ni:irk, 
 aduiittinjr ihu water, which rapidly wiiw away the dam. 
 
 To repair thi.s tomporarily, the lake was dimmed oft' in IV(int of ilir 
 woir, and llie ajiron in fmnt d.iMhlc pl.mked, br.'akii,- ji.ints. 'I'lic 
 planks were nailed on one side imly, so thai, if the fin^t raisid them 
 nj^ain no hnrni weiiid be done. K.eh plunk woidd work a'jalnsi Ux 
 nci<;hbour and always keep u lij^ht joint. Chiy was (hen pndilleil in 
 front and rammed back as far as imiisible unili'rthe weir. 'I'lii- slupp, ,| 
 the leak, and abimt a week latter tho wnoil ofthcMva>(e weir was taken 
 out, the space tilled up, and the weir remeved further ainnj: to thi> em! 
 of th(^ dam, where it has a }j;r,iduid fall baek to thr t;iil race. 
 
 In Ihc^ spring it is intended lo carry tlie sh.pe .)f the dam back some 
 90 or lot) feet, which will ^ive the inside of the dam a slope „i about 
 20 to 1. 
 
 77k O'dfi TloKsi: — The gatr hou.se is set in the frniit nf the dam. 
 The intake ditch is (J feet wide at the bottum, with side slopes varyiuir 
 from almost perpendicnhir at the <!;iite house to about .'i to 1 at thr 
 outer end. The sides are rip-iapped for the entire len-th. The iliich 
 runs out into the lake alumt 1^5 hrt. to deeji water >mi a l.'v.d with ihe 
 bottom of the i;ate house. 'I hr foundatiim and wire.; walls are built 
 of rubble and cement masonry When the i.ikes liist fill. d up. this 
 wall was foinid lo leak eioisiderably, so a coatinj; (derment eoiutrete 4 
 inches thick was put on the iiisi'l(> ; this did not stop it, so a similar 
 coat was put on tho ouisidj, and this .^eemed lo make the wall tiL;ht 
 After the lakes filled up a second time, however, a slight run of wsiter 
 came out of the end of tho waste flume. This leak has ikjI yet been 
 located, but will probably be repaired as soon as the frost is out of the 
 ground. 
 
 As will be seen by the plan dt the fj;;ite ]i(mm: {svf Plate — ) there are 
 two fets of M re( n.s, tla y are of ci)pp(i'-i;aii/.e and set 4 feet apart. 'J'lic 
 sciecn lian;es, as well as the i-luiccs and guide tiniber.s, ate made of 
 pitch [inc. Pome difficulty was expeiieneed at first by these swelling 
 on comi'ig in contact with tho water, but after beiii'.; planei] down they 
 gave no mor trouble. 
 
 The openinu in Iront of tie yate hou.^e is two feet wide, and runs 
 the wliole depth of the wall. This openin'.^ is covered with an iron 
 .uratiiig lo prevent sticks, loose ice, etc., finm eomiiii: in contact with 
 tlie screens. 
 
 The Hash' slnici^ at Ihe back oi' the hoii.se, which may be u.st d to 
 drain (.11 the lakes, is built :i ft. hiuh audi' ft. wide ; it is matleof li in. x 
 t) in. hemlock, fastened together with rag bolls, and bract'd inside eveiy 
 (i ft. The bottom floor is 8 ft. 9 in. below the high water level of the 
 lake, and the top of the town supply pipe is G ft. 2 in. below tiie water 
 level. 
 
 THE M.VIN PIPE LINE. 
 
 The main pipe from the lakes to the town is 12,(1(10 ft. long. It 
 starts from the gate house with 20 in. pipe, whieb continnts lor about 
 half a mile, where it is reduced lo a 12 in. which runs a distance ot 
 9,300 fl. to the town. In the line theie ale ,'i blow oil's and .') air 
 cocks. For a distanei' o| SOO fl. jiivt b. lin.' ihe end of ihe 20 in. pi|n: 
 there is a hill risinn above the lake level , this had tojie cut through to a 
 depth of 2.'i fl. in order to gel Ihe pij.e down to giad.'. At a place 
 l,;i(l(; ft, fiom the lake the tieiieh lioltom was found to be too soft to 
 lay iIk: 20 in. pipe on ■ ^o a platform of 2 in. jilank was buill lor a dis- 
 tance of some 73 It. 
 
 At the ii]iper canal bridge (see Map, Plate II.) llie 12 in. pipe is 
 reduced to a 10 in., and a special left to take an 8 in. iii[)e down Port- 
 land St., to the lower canal bridge, thence across the bridge, to connect 
 witli the (I in. pipe at the Corner of Portland st. and Wilson lane. 
 This pipe will fcrve as a safeguard in case id' the water having to be 
 turned off the 10 in. pipe »' present supplying the town. 
 
 a 
 
Tilt' in ill, pipe runs fioiii the upper bridge 1,C00 ft. along Oohtor- 
 loney H. to DumlaH xt., where the distribution eoniuienceH. This pipe 
 is lull! across Sullivan's pond. The pcmd w;is drain.d off for thepurfWHe, 
 and the rijie laid in a shallow trench in the bottom. 
 
 The i.iain line as well lis 1.5(10 It. of the 1(1 in. pi|K! is jointed with 
 wood instead of the ordinary lead joint. This has been proved to be 
 i|uiie iiseffieienlajoint as lead, while the saving in cost, uh will be seen 
 later, is eousidcrubh. 
 
 The joint is made about as follows :— Tlie stavoH ure made of the 
 best wliite pine, and are ent to the e.xaet enrve of the pipe for whieli 
 they are intendid. Thi'^ are fioni 4 to 5 inehes long and .'! inches 
 wide, and about i in. thicker than the spiice they are intended U> till. 
 To make the joint, steel wedges ale driven into the faucet iiiid.T the 
 pipe, so as to force the sjiigot of one ].i| «• well uj> avaiiist the liiueet of 
 the other. Then th.^ lowt r third ot the faucet is tilled with the staves, 
 driven as tightly as r man can with a heavy hand hammer. The 
 wedges are ilun taken out and driven iu on top, so as to drive the 
 pipe tirmly down on the staves below, and the upjiiT two-thirds of tlie 
 staves fir,- 1 .-tailed in. and then driven firmly home with a hammer 
 weighing Tor S lb.-*. The slaves are then forced apart with a small 
 steel wedge, and pine wedges of the same material as the staves driven 
 into the .spaces. This makes a good tight joint, and iu every way as 
 lasting a out as lead ; but earc must be laken in putting in the small 
 wedges, to put in enough and drive them well home, as one of them 
 left out m.'ans a ccnsiderable leak. If a wood joint does leak it will be 
 seen that, cm account of the wood swelling, it mn^t tend to get better 
 instead of worse, as wouhl hi' the ca.so with lead. 
 
 One great advantage ol the wood joint over lead is that it can, if 
 necessary, he made with as nnieh as half of the pijie umh'r water. 
 This ^aved an eX()ensive cntlerdam in one place in Dartmouth, wliere 
 the pipe had to cross a loose rock embankment across a pond— a distance 
 of about :i()(l It. Had h ad joints bteii UM'd, the pipe would have been 
 laid along the .side of the eiiibankiiient and a eoft'eidam built to keep 
 out the water. 
 
 Ofcour.se, belbre adopting wood joint-, eaie must be laken to see 
 that tlie ca.stings are made rea-onahlj- .smooth, as any projectiiii; piece 
 of iron III! the faucet will peel titfthe staVe as it i> driven in, niid thus 
 iMwifv a leak. In the pipe u.-ed in Dartmouth, some of the pipes were 
 rather rough, ami e(.n-iderable trouble was found in getlin- .some of the 
 joints tight. 
 
 The liillowing table will i^iy,. about the .saving effected in Dartmouth 
 by the adoption i.l' the wond j.iints : 
 
 . C ost iii clmhiig layiiijf.~j fenng | "^~ iotiir 
 
 Diam. of Pipe. Wood. Len.r."" 
 
 2(1 in. 
 12 ill. 
 10 ill. 
 
 Saving I 
 
 per joint ,No. joints. 
 
 1 
 
 :mi 
 
 It* 
 
 e. 
 
 • 1 
 
 .■!0 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 $ 
 
 92 
 
 -I.H 
 
 2(i.'i 
 
 saving. 
 
 * e, 
 KsH CO 
 47H 60 
 
 (\{) 00 
 
 ! 727 10 
 
 This saving, together with th.^ saving of the cost ot the cofferdam 
 referred to above, woulil diu up and repair a great many joints if they 
 should lia]ipen to leak on account ol wood not making ,so sure a joint as 
 lead. 
 
 i 
 
 DISTRinUTION. 
 
 The distribution system i...;:!iown in dotted line on the plan (Plate TI.) 
 The 10 in. pipe runs down Oehterloney st. as far as King st„ wlii:ie it is 
 reduced to an 8 in., this runs a> far as Water st., then turns along 
 Water st., as far as Stairs st. An K in. aki branches offand runsalom; 
 King St. ashiras Poitland st. The .south eiidol Water St., Princest!, 
 portions oi' King and Wentworth streets and (^.larland Portland streets 
 are laid with (i in. pipes. B„ggs, (Ireeii, liuiidas and part of Went- 
 worth streets and Wilson's lane are laid with 4 in . 
 
The following aro tho lunjtths of tho ditlerent siMs of pipes iii the town: 
 584 fit 10 in, pipe. 
 1!M;J " 8 " " 
 (1064 " ti " " 
 20;{3 " 4 " " 
 Tho cxtunHions shown on tho plan will probably bu uiiiJf next diini- 
 mer (1803), thin will includu '.iHW foot 8 in,, (1250 fcit (5 in,, and 
 788 loot 4 ill. pipe. 
 
 Tho pipos aro ail in 12 foot icngtlis, and aro made by tho London- 
 derry Iron Co. 'i'hcy have given every Hatisfaction, only 4 bciny biokon 
 on tho main lino, iiiid when the; prossiirc was put on in tho town, only 
 one biokon pipo slmwod up, wliioli >viis a (J in, split lor about '.i foot in 
 tho middle. Ttio special enstinfis were niadi! by the Truro Foundry 
 Co., and tho valvi^s are of the Ijiidlow puttorii and iniido by Stevons & 
 Muvn.i, I.imdon, Out. 
 
 Tho pi])o.i in tho town, with tho oxooptiiiii of 300 foot of G In. and 
 250 liiet of 8 in., arc all jointed with loud. Tho pressure in tho 
 town was so jj;rcat that it would liavoboen diffioiilt to niako wood jolnt.i 
 in tho small pipes tij,'ht witlmul haviiii; tho walor on to tost thoni as tlioy 
 were laid. 'I'lii' dltfereiieo in oost botwooii wood and load joint.s in tho 
 small pipe would have boon very sli>!;ht. The ,"'.00 foot of (! inch pipo 
 laid with wood is on Walter st. from Ooldorlonoy tn (^uarl, anel has 
 not hIiowii a siii;j;lo iouk tlioui;b uiidor u jirossiiro ol' '.tf) llis. 
 
 The dead ends mid specials left lor fiituio extoiisioii wore plujjfied 
 with a ivoodoa pliij; turned to the proper diamotor and put in with an 
 ordinary wood joint. Thost- have stood vt.'ry woll. Out of Iwoiity, 
 only tw(). Olid those oaeh iiiidor a prossunt ol' from 90 to l)5lbs., have 
 blown out. 
 
 Tho hydrniits, ol' which there ale 25, arc inad(' by tlu^ UurroU 
 Johnston Iron (^)., ^'arlllOUtl., X.S. Tho valvo in this hydrant sliuts 
 ai;»inst tho pio.ssure, is faced with loatlijr, and shuts aj^aiust a 
 bra.ss scat. The screw for working the spindle is at the top, workiui,' 
 in a brass nut. Tlioy hav(a.wo 2 1^ io disehari;e nozzles, and are all 
 oonnootod with (ho mam by ti in. branches. 
 
 After the hydranto were set, it was fotnid tliat through some mistake 
 the nozzles would not tit the hose thou used by tho town. The oboapost 
 way (o (ivoieoiiio this dillieulty was liniiid to bo to ohaiige tho nozzle.s, 
 which were of bras,s loaded into tho toj, of the hydrants. To get tliem 
 out, pieces ol iron about 2 inehos In diamot<;r and 5 ins. long wore 
 heated In a portable forge, and one inserted In each nozzle. As tliey 
 coolod, Iresb ones wore put in, and alter being cliangod three timos tlo! 
 nozzle usually drop)iod out, and tlu^ now ones wore loaded right in. 
 Three men with four iron lumps and a pnrtable I'orgo changed all the 
 hydrant nozzles in tho town in two d.iys. 
 
 The cost of the hydrants in Dartmouth when set was about 850.00 
 eaoli. 
 
 HOUSE SERVICKS. 
 
 The house connection.s are all made with J4 inch load pipe weighing 
 7 lbs. to the yard, and costing when laid in the trench about 12c per 
 foot. The Irenehing for house services was done by labourers iit a con- 
 tract price of 12e per i'oot run, and nion working at tl.at jirieo made 
 very good wanes, 'fbe load pipe is taken from the main by a straight 
 brass screw nipple. The corp(u-ation cooks are set in tho sidewalk 
 about a foot out from the side lino of tho street. The service boxes are 
 on the extension p;ittoin made of oast iron. .All the service boxes, stop- 
 cock and nipples wor<' made by Stevens & IJurns. (Jonnections between 
 brass and load wore made by the ordinary oonipiession joint. 
 
 The sorvi(^e pipes wo'o laid to a (h'ptli of 5 loot ; this seems to be 
 below frost level in l*artnioutb, asno>orvieo pipe has frozen up to date 
 (March 16, 18St;i), and this has been an exceptionally cold winter. 
 The average oost of a house service wliorc there was no rock to contend 
 with was about $10. 
 
 Tho treiichimj on tho main lino from tho lakes to Pine street, as 
 well as the pipe laying, was done by contract at the following prices 
 
per cubi. yar.l; ro.-k, «1.7f.. I.,o80 rook, liftc ; and ..„rth 27o 
 I hv. rohlling WHH ,lom, at tl... r.to nl lOct... per cubic jard. A« to tlu, 
 tniicliiiin ID thu town, ttvu btlow. 
 
 nvj,re»„n; i,. ,1,... t.mn, u« indicat..! by a gauge on tb.' bydn.nlN 
 vanos Iron, 75 to 01 Ibn. Tbi. insuflici. „, to throw agood stream ove^ 
 any building in town witbout tbu aid of n flro onuino. 
 
 HKWKUAIIK HVSTEM. 
 
 \8 Will b. sfon by tbo j.lan (I'laf N„. H,), tb. scwraRo of Dartninutb 
 1^ divided inlothrco rparatc sjsK.u.h, i-arb imvinj; its own oulfi.ll 
 1 .; pr.m-,p,,l onfall i, i|,at u, Xortb >troot, wbieb will cvontually 
 dram moM of ib.. ,owi, noril, of Oobt.rlMn.y .iroot, tliongb tb.. area 
 at prPRont draining into ii, is only about. L'!> acicn. 
 
 Tb.. outfall i. n 20 In. .v ,•;(. in. ..on.r..to Mo.^k c-g-.baped sower, ox- 
 lc.id..d out into lb,, barbour ;i(. be,, witb a rircnh.r wood.n box 30 
 |.>H. ,n d.an,ut..r witb tbo .idc. 5 i„.s. thi.k. Tl,o main .sow.r of fbin 
 
 «yHt..|n Maits will, a 12 in. pi|v at tb. .•,„■ .of I'ino and (),.|,t..,loncj 
 
 NtroolH, and runs down Ocbtrrloory street 1188 feoi, to King struft 
 wbcr.. It in.Moa.sos to 1 f. incbos dian.., runninu witb tbat dianielor 5.^0 ft ' 
 a.s b r as Water .Mrivt. It ,b..n turns north along Wat.'r street as n '>() 
 in. X ,)0 ,n. eonerefe m w.r, and uins L'8l» b et to No.tb ,t., and tbon turns 
 down Nortb .st,.et 221 feet to ,b.. outfall. Tbe sewer receive., brat.ebei. 
 iron, u,o,., o) .be en.s .streets on tbe way down, and will eventuully 
 drui., them ail. It .an also diain I'inc. part of .Maple, an.l li,...eb 
 streets w,lb all ,b.. ,• er.,ss stre,.ts. This systen, ran also be cxteu.led 
 trom ,S,fl,rs .st. nor.b ..'on, tbe Winilinill |{o„U about 1,000 feet and 
 also up Stairs St., to drain Cbur.b si., „nd the north en.ls of PH„ee 
 xviiig and Wcntwortb streets. ' 
 
 The next syst.m en.pties „t BoL-gs st. This is capabjo of very little 
 lurtber ext. nsion. It at present .Irains 10* aeres. Tbe outfall !« of 
 loin, cook ,.ipe,x,en.led 18 feet into the harbour witb a circular 
 
 wooden box l(i in. .li ., with tbe sides 4 in. thick. This sv.s- 
 
 tem drams WaU'r st. (.south of Quarl), Prince^ St., Portland .H. and 
 ijngn.s St. 
 
 The oth..r syst.m, emptying at tbe f.,ot of W..ntworih st. into tbe 
 fanal, ran be exten.le.l n.. lurtber. It .Irains at. area of 14 7 acres 
 tbe outl.:l ts a It; ineb w.,o,len box, si.lcs 4 in. tbiek, and runs out 
 into the str.an, 80 leet. This Bystc.n .Irains most of Portlan.l st. and 
 .all ol Quar St. witb their .sev.ral ,ross streets. At tbo corn, r of 
 Dundusan.l J'orlland .str.rts a eutlin, „l 17 let had to be made to 
 ovcreo.iie tb.' rising- ground lr.,m Wilson's lane to Dundas st 
 
 The lengths of the diffVrent .size .-owcrs at pr....enMaid in tbe town 
 are aN lollows : 
 
 500 feet 20iu: x30 in. concrete block .sewer. 
 1087 " 15 iu. Vitrified salt glazed sewer pine. 
 4146" 12in. do do 
 
 4««2 " 9 in. do do 
 
 475 " (i in. do do 
 
 All the sew.T pipe used was from The Standard Brain Pipe Co 
 of St. .Fobns, ]'.Q. Tbe concrete sewer can.o from the city of 
 Halifax at ,, ...,st efSl.'iO per ruunin^r ,bot, witb an addition of $1 
 per ton trnekiiL;.. and ferriage. 
 
 J la- \\o.,h,, ll„.r. E,-,nmon. to. the Boggs and Nortb street out- 
 lalls were ma.le after tbo .mtf.lls wer,. built, i, being thought advis.,- 
 ble to , xt.nd ibeu. further out into the harbour ,so as to empty b. I,',w 
 low tid,. level and to keep san.i, shingle, etc., from washinc. info ,|„. 
 mouth of tbo sewer and ch.gging it up. The Wentworth st^outlull is 
 entirely .•, wno.len box run out into the stream 80 feet This is not 
 below low wat.r, as whet, the tide is out tbe stream is only about i\ 
 lueh.s de.p. Tb.^ boxes are made of bemloek in pieces 12 to 18 f.-, t 
 long, n.irrow,.,! on tb.. insi.leso as to form a circle when laid to.^etbcr 
 A rait was lirst built having a frame of (5 in. x 8 in. timber, and p?anke.I 
 with 2 , n. planking ; tbe box was then built right onto the raff, one piece " 
 being put on at a time and spike.l securely to its neicbbour. When the 
 
 6 
 
boxwHH flniHli<>d,iicril)wnrk „f(! in. x« in. tinilurf* wax built uparouml 
 tho iiioutli to a Icvi'l with tlic top of the box and ,•xt(■nllill^' hack about 
 fl i'cvU Tlio raft wan then flnat.'d into poMition nn.l the crib lillc.l nitli 
 iitoni! to HJnk it. Tbp wbolo iiift aiui tox was '.h,n .ovciod ov.t with 
 Htom, (brinin!,' a Holiil wail nt* a i.rntrftion from floatiiiR lo^'j., cii-. In thr 
 canal tloH wall runs Jialf way iwnm tho stroainso as to iiirn ilio (nil 
 force of the current <lii((:ll.y | ;ist tlio inonlli of tb.' newer and carry the 
 «cwa),'c right away. 
 
 In layini; tbo Mewer« nnch'r water at tho outfall, a cofferdani was 
 built to keep out the water. Stakes were driven in, leivint; a cpne.. of 
 two feot bftwoen them ; tbe.'^f w. re plankeil np on the inside, and I lie 
 space between llicni lilled with well rjniMie.l clay, Tlii^ made a v.'ry 
 tight dan, ilVectnally krepiM- lliewnt;ro»t until tlie neccHsary pipu 
 and innconry had licrnlaid. At (he Hopg nt. oulfill tho sewer pipe- 
 under water wn.s liiid ill I, bed of eemciit and covered with the Mama to 
 a depth of ti inches. 
 
 MANHOt,K.S, VKNTII.ATOliS AND PATCtt PUN. 
 
 Wliercver two or more .seweis meet, I here is a maidiolo, iind at every 
 change of t;rade a lamplioje iind ventila!or, so that there is no newer in 
 the town wliich la not open to thorough inspection. 
 
 
 • M.txiioi.i;. 
 
 The catch biisin.s arc connected with t!ic .«e\ver hy a in. pipe 
 always with a good full. All ealcb basin..< and manholes me made of 
 concrete instead of britli, which el.-ewbore is gencrtilly used i'or the 
 purpose. 
 
 d 
 
 -1 
 
 -<n^^^ 
 
 Veiuilntcu-. 
 
 '■II View (', 
 
 .McMilil. Frnnt Kli'Vi\Hnn. I.oii).'!. Swtinn. 
 
 eATen-i'iT 
 
 The Cdteli pit", fd' which there nre 42, wore (ic.sijrncd by Mr. E. H. 
 Keating', M.I.C.K., then city on!.'iiieer i f Halifax, now city onsrineer 
 of Tmnnlo. The mould.-! are made in sections fasttnied l0£,'ethcr on 
 the inside by jiieees o! iron .ibont 2 in x 4 in. and i in. thick-, 
 and common wood screws. The l)otloms of the eat(di pits are (i ti'ct 
 below the level of the sidewalks. Tho lower ;$ (i'et :? in., as will be .seen 
 by rclijrringto tlie) lni! (Plate I V), is clliptienl in shnpe, 4;^ ((>et Ion;,' x H 
 feet widcjthen they be<i;in to 'larrow and nre 2 I'eet square at the top. The 
 side away i'rom the <;utte:' is perpendicular, while the other side runs out 
 under the cnttcr. The sides are C, in. thick : the excavation is taken 
 out, so as to leave a space of from C to 8 in. outside the mould. 
 This space is filled with concrete to a Icight of 3 ft. 6 in., tbo connection 
 with the sewer having been put in two feet frf^m tbo bottom. After 
 this, atoncfi are built up amund to keep tho concrete of tlie proper thick- 
 ness till it is built to a height of five feet. Then tho top mould, hav- 
 ing grooves for the reception of the concrete covers, are put on, and the 
 top finished with a grout of 2 to 1 gravel and cement. After the 
 concrete is set, a man goes inside with a screw- driver, takes the moulds 
 apart, and passes them up piece by jiiece through the top. The mould 
 is then put together and earte(i to the next hole. The bottom, which 
 'vi cf concrete with a stone foundation, is then put in; A catch pit of 
 
thid kiii.1 cttu Im' built l.y Urn.' nun in \e*n tliun two ikys »t a oohI of 
 about »:iO 
 
 Mail lioli'^ iHMii iililirtrnni tl.'plliH, it ».tiimbinl li'l inuld not bo 
 
 ma<li> more tbnn lh« two top Iwt. Tbo runiaiiiclcr w«h matin by * 
 fraiiii' J ft Ion- x I ft. w iib' of .'t in. by \ in. Maiitliui: briifc.l in position 
 nnil ruM.Hiil witb la- m'ivwh. IJ inrli l.oui.l.. vw pla- .mI iitrainv tb.' 
 oiilHitb) oftbi' InniM', ami . oiiir.lr ninnni'il in a^iiiiiH ili.'ni. Th.'lop 
 mould was tii'ti s. | on tlic posls ol tbi' IVumc iinil c.nciol.Ml up hi llii' 
 
 top, i.'uviiiK tl \ouwA ul lb'' top ISin.x 'JO in. Wli.'O tb« .!om;r.!tu 
 
 U tPl, tlif inonl.ls niv lak.n iijiail (Voni lb.- in^i>b> aiol piissiil ibrounb 
 thn to]). A cast iron top wilb a movfabli; t'ov.'r is tli.ii put on tlic 
 ooncroir. anil tbo Imtlom, wbidi is of concri'to bavini; (jjroovim for tin- 
 flow olwatiT, is put in, nnil lli«' man bolo is ronipliliil. Tbo cost of a 
 niaubolr ot'ciiinso (Icprmls mliivly nn llio il.'ptli, Imt an av.rap' one, 
 say about 8 or 9 fi'i^t iloop. in haitniontb costs about SHI.Od. 
 
 Sonic (ibjirtiiai iiiii:!.! lu' laiM'd a).'ainst tlir usu cf concn'to 'or man 
 |,„l..s, nn a.coiiiil i.r 111. Iioavy liaftii! on lb.' str.'i'ts bcin); liulili- lo 
 break i.rt' tbo .'oncivto. Tbf trattif on tin- Dartmontb slrnts is very 
 lii'a\}', but IMP irnnblc of tbi- kinil bas occurricl as yet. 
 
 Till' vintilalorsi.iiani|. linlis air mado by a !) in, ciook iiiiio i:ominn 
 to witbin a font, of ibr siirlaro, witli a loose io>ic-nt.> collar set over it, 
 about a foot from the ^-mund surlaro a;id resting on tbo ground aroinid 
 tbo pipe. A round cast-iron lop wilb a niovcablo cover is Het on Ibe 
 collar as a pr.itcction to tlic pipi-, 
 
 ilOllHK OIIAINAIIR. 
 
 The bouse drains are all, except in tlic case of a doiilib' lionsc, laid 
 with 4 in. crock pipe. No j^rade is allowed Ic-is tbim 1 I'not fall in 
 ■IK II , und tlic.v ale all laid to a )j:oo I cv. n ^radc. The junciions lefi 
 la'tbc main lor luoisc c(iniaclion> aiv li in. braoulies bevelled from tbo 
 main pipe; tlic.-rarr rediiciil at tbc main to •( io. 
 
 Tbe n.aiii trip of naist ollli.' Iidises i> tlic Imnd-liolo trap as made 
 by tbc Standard I). 1'. Co. 'I'liis is set just outsidi' tbe foundation 
 wall, and lias a -t in. ca>t iron (lipe coining to tbo su/l'acc as fresb air 
 sbal't, to ventilate tlic main M'il jiipc inside tbe lioiise. 
 
 ■I'llKNflllNfl. 
 
 Within tbc l"wn. wlicrcvcr iliciv weic bot!. WM. r and sewer pipes to 
 be laid in tbc same -tici't.tlny were 1 lid in lie same tiencb. tbe .sewer 
 pipe bcini; 2 It. to i nc -ide and IV.im 2 to It) K. below llic water |pil>e. 
 
 A tieneb intended Inr tin- ncr|.li(Mi d' tbc Iw.. pipes was .started at 
 tbe toil •') ft. «iib'. -lod lontiiiiled tliat widtli until it was Sift, 
 dee)., tlicn one side (d' ibc ireiicb was du- ibiwn '■'> It. wide to tbe proper 
 j;r«de for tbe scwcr. Tlo^ scwer pipe was laid lirst and llie trencb 
 tilled up to the level r.ir tbc water |iipc, tlicii tbe water pipe was laid 
 and tbe trcneli tilled up. 
 
 After tbe uat4r was mined mi in Ibc town, wbcievei tl„re was any 
 lilliiiir III be dmic. a bosc was put on ibe m anst liylrant and tbc water 
 turned into tbc in neb. Tbis M'ltled ibe carti' excellently, and saved 
 i.iucb expcns in men rainiiiin- in tbctrc; cb and borses and carls to cart 
 away surplus material. Wbcn an cavtli Ircncb was tided in tbis way 
 there was very rarely any i ailli at all in be carted away. 
 
 In tbe bouse eonncetinns. buu^e-driiins were usually placed in tbe 
 same trencb as ibi' service pipe, always prnviiled, however, that ibey 
 were put U ft. below tbe seivicc pipe. U is tbe anlhoi's opinion that 
 tbis bas bad a f;nod deal to d.i with keci.in- imiiiy oIiIh' service -npcs 
 ironi iVeczinir up. Tbe last service that was put in was a oombim'd 
 trencb, and bad Io be filled with Irozeii carib, and Ow water jiip.' froze 
 up while the plumbers were at woik at it. This wa- not .li.<eoveied until 
 after the tre-ieb was Ulled, .so it wa-< lel'i a week or two before steps 
 were taken to thaw it out. The pcoi'lc in the bouse, l-.owcvcr, bo;j;an 
 to use Ibe sink at once. About Un days alter the tieneb was filled 
 tbe water started of its own accord, and has been running ever since. 
 
 8 
 
The wurni iiir in tin- scwrr filiic uolunlly tliiiwcii out th« Krouuii for a 
 foot anil ii hall' uroiiiiil it, itinl nlurti'J thi' wiitor, 
 
 All thu rock in the iiiiiiii trtiiichi>H iiml in (oinooC tlio houKo trrnchc*. 
 whicii Wftn iK'iirly vi'iti(Milly liuildnl Nlutr, was tiiki'n out Ity fcnilrin't 
 with Nti'iini (IrillN at ;t \>r\vr ol' H4.0II |Hir tiiliie y:iril. 'I'liiH nii^ht 
 liavu hocn iloue huincwhiii more i^hcaply with hanil ilrill.'t hy ihiya htl«r. 
 hut it wonlil |irii)iiklily likVc cxti inlril tlic work into llir iii'xt yi'iir .mil 
 cONt luurr ill tin: I'liii. 'I'hi'ro was a i;ri'itt ili'iil nl' rook in tin' town, ami 
 thu Htuaui ilrilU, working iii;;lil und liuy. tonk it ^lUt very qiiiukly. 
 Thurr wua ruinovi^d in ilio town iih.o'4\.'tlii" .|»>ut 2,lirtll nihio yurj^i. 
 
 Tlio t'Ost of I'urtli trriicliiii};, whiuli v.fkii .ion>' by iluyn work, wiii 
 from !<() to ;i5 < (>. pur yunl, uinl rctlllin;^' tri'iM.'hrs Iriim 10 in 15 utn. 
 
 Ill n>ok lliu tiinciic wi I'u tiktii mil •■ iii.x, hi low ^raili'. uml lillrii 
 up to Kruili' wiili (;oi)d, will ruuiiiictl I'lirth, mukin^- ii i,'Ooil lad lor the 
 Huwur to lii' on. 
 
 The lii.'lili',si j^railo tor ;i si'Wi'r in iln' Inwii is the \'i iiii'li si'wur on 
 Ocliturlunvy .'^t. f.om I'ino to Wiiitwurth ntx., n lun^th of ahout 'MM 
 ft., fulling 111 tho niti' of I). i;)5 por IIMI. 
 
 Ill coniHctioii with .st'WiT vintilution tho writrr imtiL'tMl lluil on 
 frosty moniiiii;^ warm air wa.'* escaping li'oiii ilu moutlin ot the catch- 
 pita in ihu more ili'vatcd portioiiH of llii.' town, whili; if a piece ot 
 lighted piiptr were set in I'imiI <iI one ol ilie lotver catch pilH a strong 
 current of air wan .seen to be drawn in. 'Ihis, of courne, U only tho 
 rcHuit of iiaiurc'N law tliat wiirm air risct, As Uarlmoutii is rullier 
 hilly uiid moHt of ihc jirades i^tcep, tliib circiilaliou woiihl naturally, in 
 cold wiathci, l/c very rajiiil, and serve as an execiliiit veiili' ition for 
 the ncwera. An opportunity has not yet occurred lo notice 'lu^eU'ect 
 of this ill warui wraiher, but it is supposed that there would le less 
 circulation the more the teiiipcrnturu ■■\' the outside air became :ilal 
 to that ol the acwcr. 
 
 This circulation might in very cold weather undangcr the safety of 
 the lower catch-pits on account of freezing the two feet of water 
 always lying in the boltoni. This mailer has iinl yet been fully 
 iuvestigatud, but as the weather in Jlartmouth mvei remains cold for 
 any grrat length of time, it is tliimght lliey will he tolerably sale. 
 
 The (■o^t of the water service was about Sr)!l,!i70 and that nf tho 
 BCWers ?.'10,!I7I>. The work was begun in the fill of lsi)l, under the 
 direction ol\Mr. (.'. K. W. I'odwell, M.I.C.E., M.Caii.Soc.C.K. In that 
 year the pipe house and a great part of the main pipi^ line were built, 
 al-io the sewer outfalls at North and Jloggs streets, and some of the 
 scweis laid. Mr. Podwell resigned in Is'ovemhcr to accept another 
 position when the work was taken charge of by Mr, W. (i. "Yorstou, 
 CH. In the lollowiiig year (he remaiiiiler of the work was done, the 
 last Imurc .service being tilled up mi l)ecember :!1, ISil'J. Tiie deep 
 cutting about half a mile from tin lake w;is dune in the winter of 
 1891-92 and the main line Unished in May, 1892. Owing to some 
 delay in n pairing the leaks on tlie line, the wafer was not finally 
 turned on in tho town until November 1st. It has remained on ever 
 since, and given cvcty .satisfaction to the rate-payers, as is eviikuccd by 
 tho fact that at a public meeting lidd March 23. 1891!, the town 
 council WHS authorized to go to tlie Legislature for permissimi to 
 borrow 8;i5,0U(t to carry on the proposed extensions spoken ol above. 
 
 Note added Feb. 12th, 1894; — During the .summer of 1893, the 
 Ibllowing extdisions were iniide to the water and .sewerage .systems: 
 'i here wiie laid 14,.''i(l(l It i f Water pipe, making a tolal now laid of 
 about 7i miles; also lt».200 ft, of sewers, making a total now laid of over 
 4 niilcs. 31 ailditioi'al hydiants wiresut, uiakiiig a total nnw in useof 
 55. 'llic number of hou.sts now conneelid with the water mains is3ril), 
 and those using the sewers number about 2ri0. The work of trenching 
 was done in miall contr; cis, and ci st on an .'iveriigc abi ut as follows : 
 Solid rock, f 2.G(l pir cubic yaid ; li ( se u ck, 50et; . pir cubic yard ; 
 earth, 2Ccls. per eubic jaid. Ihc eOnlrncUrs mm to lave dine veiy 
 well at these prices, i'lui-h (ocks, vatyiiig in size from h to 4 inches, 
 have been placid j.t tlic dciil-tnds ot n oi-t of the .'cwcis ; ibete are 
 compaiativdy iu(ip(nsive, and are very effective iu their work, 
 
 9 
 
V/ 
 
 r,' r 
 
 *, 
 
 .? 
 
 ' /SullJvan's 
 I Pond 
 
 ■- \ 
 
 i 
 
 ■' 1 
 ( i 
 
 \, 
 
 
 1 
 
 '■ '• \ 
 
 i 
 
 w 
 
 
 / 
 
 \ \ 
 
 -~H«^W 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^p^y&^ 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 '■■■-.. ■■■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 .,^-^ 
 
 'V "vsN. ■•••..:- ... 
 
 
 
 ■■■•,. 
 
 \ 
 
 
 '■■% 
 
 
 
 
 xxwx 
 
 ■■v«, ... 
 
 
 
 
 \.-. \ ^ \ •■■ 
 
 ■<-.., ••■■.. 
 
 ■^....^ 
 
 
 
 ::^^--::-;:-- .. 
 
 % "■ 
 
 -■^■;- 
 
 jl^^rid 
 
 ^.' 
 
 C 
 
 \.MtJttiif.\ 
 
 -■ — ~-s;TLi 
 
 pxr 
 
 1^1 
 
 >^re- 
 
 v« > 
 
 
 
 '<*^:: ^^ 
 
 W 
 
 Lower Canal^/' 
 
 r.~/'// 
 
 9-l\ \ V 
 
 (9 
 
 -s-.«?i 
 
 .r 
 
 7 
 
 
 r 
 
 '/*'/ 
 / 
 U 
 
 Dautmouth Cove 
 
 '■^. 
 
 s, «> 
 
 ^lA 
 
 ^^^\ •■' 
 
 />v'^.^ 
 
 Omm Pip** shewn 
 Mmnhole^ 
 Vtntilators 
 CtMipih. 
 
 1^ 
 
 TRANSACTIONS CAN. SOC. C. E. 
 VOL VIII. PLATE 
 
 F.A.CnCt«MTON it^ C»n ««c C C 
 
DARTMOUTH WATERWORKS, 
 By F. A. CREIGHTON. 
 
 stud. Can. Soc. C. E. 
 
 
 ^ysgiiiSSK^ 
 
 
TRANSACTIONS CAN. SOC. C. E. 
 VOL VIII, PLATE IV. 
 
 22ESb^2ISS« 
 
 or;c(iiiLdipal Section 
 
 GATE-HOUSE 
 ,., DARTMOUTH, N. S. 
 
 Scale 4 FY. to I Inch. 
 
 <yf b o 1 1 o n\ . 
 
 I 
 
) 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 ^.. 
 
 N.. 
 
 / 
 
 Dam it, Gate 
 
 F A.CREIGHTON. Stud. Can. Soc. C.E. 
 
 JL 
 
TRANSACTIONS CAN. SOC. C. E.. 
 
 VOL VIII. PLATE III. 
 
 
 'ft 
 
 9* 
 
 Dar tmouth, J(,S. Water Su pply. 
 La^MjOi^T and lOPSAUlL t,A\Ki§, 
 
 SCALC or FCKT 
 
 tooo 40* CO* a»t NW^Ma 
 ' — . i . t-|-