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List of Officers,. ...... 3 N otice of proceedings from Morning Chronicle 4 Introductory Remarks of President 8 Address by C\)l. Strange Jj - " by J. M. LeMoine 45 Notice of Centennial Ball at Citadel from Morning Chronicle Y6 City Improvements suggested by Lord Dufferin..... 81 History of the Old Fortifications of Quebec .......... 94 T] Que" Com ofth ] 1 J Res friend Stranj sentec was i Mercti of the taine(3 CENTENARY FETE. ■§- The year 1875 being the centennial of the defence of Quebec, against the attack of General Montgomery, the Council of the Literary and Historical Society, consisting of the following Grentlemen, viz. : James Douglas, Jr James Stevenson r. s. m. bouchette Colonel Strange Dr. Boswell Wm. Hossack Roderick McLeod Cyrille Tessier W. Clint A. Robertson J. M. LeMoine Commander Ashe, R. N. H. S. Scott Robert Cassels Rev. H. D. Powis J. "Whitehead Resolved to hold a special meeting of the members and friends of the Society to commemorate the event. Colonel Strange, and Mr. J. M. LeMoine, ex-President, having conr sented to address the meeting, the following advertisement was insened in the Morning: Chronicle and the Quebec Mercury. The meeting was held accordingly, in the Rooms of the Society, and the Morning Chronicle, next day, coU' tained the account Qf the proceedings, which follows : President. " Vii e- Presidents. Treasurer. Librarian. Recording Secretary. Corresponding Secretary. Council Secretary. Curator of the Museum. Curator of Apparatus. ) j^ Additional Members of Council. — 4 — iCitcvani i\\\b Ijiritoircal ^^ocictii. CKiNTlilNAUY OF THE DEFENCE OF QrEHECnTo. ryUE CT.NTEXARY OF THE DEFENCE OF liUEHEC, 177.'), will Ik, ■ c'clchratod by tho above Socioty, ut tiicir llo<»ms, Moniii Co'lcye, WEDNESDAY EVENING, li'Jth December instant. PijicMs rc'laiin;^ to tho ewnt commemorated will bo read by Colonel Sri;.\xi;K and J. M. LeMoixe, Esq. Chiiii' will bo taken at 8 P.M. by the Si-n'or Vieo rr«>sident, J. Stevkx- s )x, Esnn the i'ihIouMm anil loitifications which at that timo did tho duty ol'our i»rt'seiit Citadol, and \vho.so intrepidity was nido with the blue and silver banners of St. Andrew's Society, beiring the arms and escuthcon of Scotia, antl their pioud motto '^Ncnio me impnne, lasrcssitV Bunting and frcbli spruce foliagt* gave an air of freshness to all the adornable parts of the room. Immediately opposite the lectern, which was illuminated with wax candles, placed in last century candlesticks, and attached to tho gallery railings, was a line collection of Lochaber axes, clustered around a genuine wooden Gaelic shield studded with i)olished knobs of glitter- ing brass. Long before the hour of eight the company had increased to such an extent that tho room was crowded to the doors, but not incon- veniently as the ventilation was unexceptionable. With accustomed punctuality, James Stevenson, Esq., acting in tho absence of the Pre- sident, opened the meeting with some highly appropriate remarks rela- tive to the historical value of the subjects about to be discussed and summarising very succinctly the events immediately previous to the beleaguering of the fortress city. lie alluded in stirring terms to the devotion which had been manifested by the British and French defend- ers, who, resolved rather to be buried in the ruins than surrender the city. lie stated that he thought it especially meet and proper that the Literary and Historical Society here should have taken up tlie matter and dealt with it in this way. lie alluded in eulogistic terms to the capability of the gentlemen about to address them and, after regretting the unavoidable absence of Lt.-Col. CofKn, a lineal descendant of an otli- cer present, formally introduced the lirtt speaker, Lieutenant-Colonel Strange, commandant of Quebec Garrison, and Dominion Inspector of Artillery. Tliis gallant otiicer, who on vising with characteristic military brevity, was reccivod with loud and hearty cheering by the audience, plunged in mcdias res, simply remarking, at the onset, that he, in such a position, was but a rear rank man, while Colonel CotKn would have been a front ranker ; but his soldierly duty was to fill that position in the absence of him to whom the task would have been officially assigned. The subject which formed a distinct section of the major topic of the evening was then taken up. Inasmuch as it is our intention, and we believe that of the Society, to reproduce faithfully in pamphlet form the graphic, interesting and detailed word-pictures of the ever memorable events of the 31st December, 1775, as given by the learned and com- petent gentlemen who addressed the meeting, it suffices to say in tlie present brief notice of the proceedmgs that Colonel Strange exhaus- tively treated that portion which referred to the attack and defence at Presde-Ville — the place in the vicinity of which now stands the exten- sive wharves of the Allan Company. Many incidents of the siege, utterly unknown to ordinary readers of history were recalled last night, and many things that have hitherto been dubious, or apparently unac- countable explained away. The story of the finding of the snow covered and hard frozen corpse of the unfortunate (Jenoral and his Aide-de- Camp, was told with much pathos, as wore di-tails of his burial. The references to descendants of then existing fimilios still residents in Quebec, were extremely niteresting, because many were among the audience. At the conclusion of C()lon<>l Strango's admirable resume, and some further pointed remarks from t'li' Chairman, Mr. .J. M. LeMoine, who IS par excellence aruXpar assulnile, our Quebec historian, whoso life has been mainly devoted to the compilation ofantiijuarian data touching the walls, the streets, the relics, the families, tlio very Flora, and Fauna of our cherished Stadacona— commoncod his erudite and amusing sket- ches of the day, tiikon from the .-taiid iinint of tlie enemy's head quar- ters, and the fray in the Sault an mat'!<■(). When Mr. LeMoine had terminated his address, which was of considerable length, Mr. Stevenson concluded tliia portion of the proceedings with a most eulogistic and deserved recognition of the devotion whieli the two gentlemen who had read during the evening liad sliewn in preparing their respective papers, and a vote of thanks to them was heartily an I unanimously accorded. lie also m ide reference to the topic of the day, the restoration and embellishment of our oft sieged city, gracefully attri- -•r- buiing honor wlioro it was duo, first ami i'oromo.st to His Excellency the Governor General, Earl of DuHerin, at wiioso instigation the plans had been prei .\.d, secomlly tc llij Worship the Mayor, Owen Murphy, Esq.* (who was present) for his untiring cxertion.-s and valuable afisij-tance in developing, maturing and preparing the way i'or an early completion of said designs, which are to make (iuobec a splendid architectural (5xample of the deformed, transformeil : thirdly, to the hearty co opera- tion of the public, airitisii Crown. A more daring attack than that of Mont« gome 7 upon Quebec is, perhaps, not on record in the page of H SLory. An attack made at the break of day, in the dead of winter, and in the teeth of a driving snow storm. All that a daring man could do was done ; but formidable defenders were within the walls — men resolved to be buried in the ruins rather than surrender. Living as we do on the very scene of the action, it seems most meet that members of the Literary and Historical Society — an association formed fifty years ago for the prose- cution of researches into the early History of Canada — should me(>t together with their friends to commemorate the centennial of the event. — 10 — The history of one's own country is the best of all his- torical studies. That memorable part of ours which relates to the storming of Quebec, will be discussed to-night by members of the Society who are conversant with the sub- ject. Mr. LeMoine, ex-President — the author of several valuable works on Canadian History — will narrate the events of the assault by Colonel Arnold on the batteries at Sault-au-Matelot ; and Colonel Strange has consented to deal with the simultaneous assault by General Montgomery on the Battery at Pres-de-Yille, which intercepted the approach to the City, and which poured its fire with such fatal effect upon the foe. The Battery was commanded, I believe, by a private Gentleman, John Coffin, a loyalist, who left Boston on the breaking out of the Rebellion, and settled with his family in Quebec. He was conspicuously bravo at the defence of the City. "We hoped to have had a lineal descendant of his here to-night, Colonel Coffin, of Ottawa. He was invited to join us in the celebration ; but official duties prevented his leaving the Capital. In our own Society we claim the descendant of Captain Bouchette, a militia officer, who had the honor of being mentioned in the despatch of General Carleton to the Home Government as one of the bravest defenders of the City. I allude to our esteemed Vice-President, Mr. R. S. M. Bou- chette, late Commissioner of Customs, whom I have the pleasure of seeing near me to-night. It is not my intention to take up the time of the meeting any longer, lest in entering further upon the subject, I should trench upon the sections of History assigned to my friends, Colonel Strange and Mr. LeMoine. 1 shall there- fore, without any further remarks, request Col'^nel Strange to favor us with the narrative of the attack on the "Western part of the City, which he has kindly prepared for our information to-night. The Colonel then read the narrative, as follows: \ . HISTOKICAL NOTES ON TUB DEFENCE OF QUEBEC in 1775, KSPECIALLY REFERKING TO TlIi!] AMERICAN ATTACK ON PRES-DE-VILLE, EXTRACTED FROM THE FOL- LOWING AUTHORITIES : J. M. LoMoine, Esq. Hawkins' Historical Picture of Qufhco. Dr. W. J. Anderson (late President) — Papers of the Literary antl HiHtoricRl Society of Quebec. Dr. Hubert LaRuc — Histoirc du Canada. San, icui net's .lournal. Lt.-Col. Goffin, Crown Lands Department, Ottawa. James Tliompson, lato Dcpy. Com. Qenl. Colonel Bouchette, late Surveyor General of Canada. Major F. Duncan, M.A., D.C.L., R. A., Historian of tlie Royal Artillery. Journal of Colonel Arnold's operations, by Major Retiun Jonathan Mti^jK, of the American Army. BY LT.-COLONEL §TRANGE. Vice-President, Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 29th December, 1875. Soldiers are not supposed to write History, they make it, or are merely the stuff from which it is made. There are exceptions, from the time of Xenophon, Caesar, Napier and Jomini, down to the Soldier Historians of my own arm and day, Colonel Hamley and Major Pnncan, of the Royal Artillery. — 12 — I who have i^assed scarce half a docade of pleasant years ill the honored charge of your famous old Fortress, hal- lowed as it is, by the footprints of heroes, could not, with- out presumption, even partially attempt to pen the records of the last glorious struggle in which your forefathers hurled the invader from your gates, and kept upon your cannon crowned rock, the ancient solitary flag that alone floated securely on this continent. One hundred years of the indomitable energy of our race has carried that banner westward to the Pacific, and east- ward to our Empire of the rising sun, to belt the globe by land and sea, until it returned to its birth place, whore it floats over the island cradle of our people and the palace of the gentle lady who is our Quoon. 1 have ventured upon no weak paraphrase of my own ; where the strong, simple words of the historian suffice, I merely quote, and mainly one among you, the Washington Irving of Canada, who with truthful pen, lovingly writes the records of your people ; inheriting the best brain and blood of both races, he often reminds you of what you too frequently forget : the noble records of two chivalrous races, once antagonistic, now happily supporting the same stand- ard, loyal subjects of the same generwis crown. Need I mention the name of James M. LeMoine, the gentle lover of nature, the conscientious historian. He shews that fifteen short years after the conquest, the immortal Wolfe and Montcalm had scarcely returned to their kindred dust, ere the Briton and the Gaul were shoulder to shoulder re- pelling the invader of our sacred soil. Results more momentous to the new world, than the issues of Waterloo, w^ere decided on that bleak New Year's eve, beneath the beetling crags by the shore of the St. Lawrence, where brave Montgomery found his winding • sheet of snow, — 13 — Tho age of personal tyrants has i^assod. A noble civiliz- ation has more to dread, from the many headed multitudes, who are our masters. Against the tyranny of corrupt majorities lies the struggle of the future. And that struggle commenced a hundred years at this Thermopyle of Quebec, where it was decided that this new world was not to be one huge Kepublic, and that the wills of those who desired to dwell under the ancient institutions of their ancestors must be respected or the issue again relegated to the ultima ratio regis et populi. -5. COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES. " Jn 1775, the Titanic contest commenced, in which Eng- land found herself pitted against France, Spain, and her own children. "From that year until 1783, the student of her Military history, finds his labour incessant. America and Europe alike claim his attention." The war of Independence, and the sieges of Gribraltar and Quebec, show how the grim Old Lion stood at bay when assailed, even by his own brood. Unfortunately there are few campaigns in English history which have been more systematically misunderstood, and more deliberatel)'^ ignored, than the American war between 1 775 and 1783. The disadvantages under which the British troops laboured were many and great. ~ Soldiers will fight for a Nation which is in earnest : British Soldiers will even fight when they are merely the Police to execute the wishes of a Government : instead of a people. — 14 — But in the one case they are fired with enthusiasm ; in the other, their promi^ter is the coldest duly. I need not reiterate what our worthy Chairman has so ably told you, that the daring advance of Montgomery had swept all the British Garrisons from Canada till the tide of American Conquest surged as vainly against the rock of Quebec, as the waves of the mighty river that flows by its walls. - § PREPARATIONS FOR THE DEFENCE. " When," says James Thompson, '* the Americans invaded Canada, in 1775,1 received the orders of General Carle ton, afterwards Guy, Lord Dorchester, to pat the extensive fortifi- cations of Quebec in a state of defence at a time when there was not a single article of material in stone with which to per- form such an undertaking. I was consequently authorized to purchase all that was needful, and to prosecute the work with the greatest dispatch. My first object was to secure stout spar timber for pallisading a great extent of open ground betw^een the gates called Palace and Hope, and again from Cape Diamond half-bastion, along the brow of the cape, towards the Cas-le St. Lewis. I accordingly suc- ceeded in securing from Monsieur Lefleche's timber-yard, as much spar-timber as I required at three farthings per foot. I made a beginning with fourteen Canadian carpen- ters at Palace Gate in pallisading with loop-holes for musketry, and made a projection in the form of a bastion, as a defence for the line of pickets, in the gorge of which I erected a block-house, which made a good defence. While employed at this station of the works, a company of arti- ficers arrived from Halifax, and another company from / in the has so ry had tide of ock of ; by its iivaded arleion, e fortiii- n there to per- rized to work secure )f open 36, and >row of ly suc- er-yard, ings per carpen- Dles for bastion, v\'hich I While of arti- y from rr -.16 — Newfoundland joined me soon after. The Halifax men, 1 set to work at pallisadinj^ the open ground on Cape Diamond, and framing and erecting a large block-house on the outside of Port St. Louis, to serve as a captain's nightly guard-house, in order to be prepared against a surprise, also a block-house on the cape, under Cape Diamond bas- tion ; at the same time a party was employed in laying platforms and repairing embrazures. I also had a party of the carpenters barricading the extremities of the Lower Town, by blocking up all the "windows of the houses next to the river side, and those facing the water, leaving only loopholes for musketry, as a defence in case the St. Lawrence shall freeze across. "Whilst these detached ser- vices were in progress, I was on horseback from the rising, to the setting of the sun, in attending the several points where my presence was required ; and again, owing to the weak state of the troops in garrison, I had to mount picket with my artificers, who were armed for that purpose, from nine o'clock at night until day-break each moming, and again resume our labours at the fortifications. Thus I con- tinued during the blockade, without being enabled in the interval to lie down in a bed — after compleiing the works of defence, I, with all my artificers, were called upon to do duty as soldiers, and ordered to join Major John Nairne's party as a corp^ de reserve, in case of alarm, the grand parade being fixed upon as our rendez-vous. "On the 3rd November, 1775, Colonel Arnold, with a party of upwards of seven hundred Americans, came out of the woods at the settlements on the River Chaudiere ; and on the 9th they marched to Point Levy, where they shewed themselves on the bank, immediately opposite the town of Quebec. On the 14th, in the night, they passed across the St. Lawrence, and paraded in front of Port St. Louis, at about three hundred yards distance, where they saluted the town with three cheers, in full expectation, no — 16 — doubt, that the gates would be opened for their reception. At thii juncture, I was on Cape Diamond bastion, and levelled and fired a 24-pounder at them, which had the effect of making them disperse hastily and retire to Pointc- aux-Trembles. "On the 5th December, General Montgomery, their chief commander, came with troops from Montreal, and joined Arnold, making* their head-quarters at St. Foye. They sent in a flag of truce, which General Carleton utterly disre- garded, declaring that he w^ould not have any communica- tion with rebels, unless they came to claim the King's mercy. Montgomery was then induced to try his strength by erecting a six-gun battery in front of St. John's Gate ; a battery of two guns on the off-side of Riv(5r St. Charles ; and one of four guns on the Point Levy side, none of which did us any material injury. At this time, the nights being dark, I strongly recommended the use of lanterns extended on poles from the salient angles of all the bastions, the effect of which, as witnessed by Colonel McLean, com- "^.anding the 84th Regiment, was highly approved. IJy means of these lights, even a dog could be distinguished if in the great ditch, in the darkest night. This we continued during the absence of the moon, with the exception of a composition burned in iron jiots substituted for candles." •§• THE INVASION OF CANADA IN 1775. On the 17th September, 1775, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery, who had formerly been in the British service, appeared at the head of an army, before the Fort of St. John's ; which, after a gallant defence, surrendered on — 17 — the 3rd November, the garrison marching out with the honors of war. The fort of Chambly surrendered ; Mr. Louis de Salaberry, was desperately wounded in the defence by an American Shell. Montreal, which was entirely do- fenceless, capitulated on the 12th November ; and General Carleton, conceiving it of the utmost importance to reach Quebec, the only place capable of defence, passed through the American force stationed at Sorcl, during the night, in a canoe with muffled paddles, and arrived in Quebec on the 19th, to the great joy of the garrison and loyal inhabi- tants, who placed every confidence in his well known courage and ability. Capt. Bouchette, contrived and exe- cuted the escape of the Governor through the American lines dressed as a peas.ant. * • It is perhaps not forgotten that the Canadians, during the very heat of the Provincial wars in 1775, before they could have had time to familiarize themselves with their new allegiance, stood nevertheless firm in the cause of loyalty ; and that it was through the intrepidity of a party of Canadian boatsmen, chosen and com- manded by the late Commodore Bouchette, himself a French Canadian, that the then Governor of t.he country, the Inte Lord Dorchester, was enabled after escaping the most critical perils, to reach the capital of the province, where his arrival is well known to have alone prevented the capitulation of Quebec, and the consequent sur- render of the country. Such was the devoted feeling of the people in Canada so soon after its conquest, and such is the loyal feeling that has been confirmed and propa- gated under the mild and beneficent government of Great Britain. It was a dark and damp night in November. A light skift' with muffled paddlcF, manned by a few chosen men, provisioned with three biscuits each, lay alongside Cu]>tain Bouchette's vessel ; and under cover of tife night, the disguised governor em- bai ked, accompanied by the Honorable Charles De La Naudiere, his aide-de-camp, and an orderly Serjeant, whose name was Bouthellier. The skifiT silently pushed off, the captain frequently communicating his orders in a preconcerted manner by a touch on the shoulder or the head of the man nearest him, who communicated the signal to the next, and so on. Their perplexity increased as they approached the Berthier Islands, from the knowledge that the enemy had taken up strong positions at lliia point, especially on t'Jo islands south west of Lake >St. Peter, which commanded the channel on that si were now entering the t'>wn. Overcome by exhaustion, the general, loaning over a table in an inner room at Mr. De Tonnancour's, fell asleep. The clang of arms was presently heard in the outward passage, and soon afterwards American soldiers tilled the apartment adjoining that in whieh was the General himself. The Governor's disguise proved his preservation : and Captain Bouohctte, with p'iculiar self-possession and affected listlessnoss, walked into tho Governor's apart - mc;;:, tapped him gently on the shoulder, and beckoned him away with the greatest apparent familiarity, to elude suspicion, at tho same time apprising him cautiously of the threatening danger. Captain Buuchetta led tho way through the midct of the heedless guards, followed closely by the General, and, hastening to the boach, they moved off precipitately in the skiff, and reached unmolested the foot of the Richelieu Hapid, where an armed brig (the Fell), was fortunately found lying at anchor, which on I he arrival of the Governor on board, set sail for Quebec with a favouring breeze. Arrived at the Capital, tho Governor desired to land in Captain Bouchette's boat, and was accompanied by him to the Chilteau St> Louis, where the important service he had just rendered his country, was generously and magnanimously acknowledged in the presence of the assembled eounciMors and notables. — 19 — ;atioil ' from :ulars ihabi- r em- igular scuted route ractic- ►Id, an aients, about irough Rivers n, and raised iguish US. A r, and of ncnrlj' , thoy re- there fofi?^ Btin armyi tiling oveir arsns was iers tilled ette, with r'a apart - c greatest cautiously i lift of the oach, thoy Richelieu lor, which ; breeze. tto's boat, lilt service iidwledged conveying arms, ammunition, baggage, and provisions through an almost trackless wild — bent uix)n a most uncer- tain purpose — can scarcely be considered, however, a regu- lar operation of war. It was rather a desperate attempt, suited to the temper of the fearless men engaged in it, the character of the times, and of the scenes which were about to be acted on the American continent. On the 22nd September, Arnold em})arked on the Kenne- bec River in two hundred batteaux ; and nowithstanding all natural impediments — the ascent of a rapid stream — in- terrupted by frequent portages through thick woods and swamps — in spite of frequent accidents — the desertion of one-third of the number — they at length arrived at the head of the River Chaudiere, having crossed the ridge of land which separates the waters falling into the St. Lawrence from those which run into the sea. They now reached Lake Megantic, and following the course of the Chaudiere River, their difficulties and privations, which had been so great as on one occasion to compel them to kill their dogs for sustenance, were spee'^Uy at an end. After passing thirty-two days in the wilderness, they arrived on the 4th November at the first settlement, called Sertigan, twenty- five leagues from Quebec, where they obtained all kinds of provisions. On the 8th, Colonel Arnold arrived at Point Levi, where he remained twenty-four hours before it was known at Quebec ; and whence it was extremely fortunate that all the small craft and canoes had been removed by order of the officer commanding the garrison. On the 13th, late in the evening, they embarked in thirty-four canoes, and very early in the morning of the 14th, he succeeded in landing five hundred men at "Wolfe's Cove, without being discover- ed from the Lizard and Hunter^ ships of war. The first operation was to take possession pf what had been General i !l — 20-^ Murray's house on St. Foy Road (Sans Jkuit), and of the General Hospital. Thoy also placed guards upon all the roads, in order to prevent the garrison from obtaining sup- plies from the country. ' The small force of Arnold prevented any attempt being made towards the reduction of the fortress until after the arrival of Montgomery from Montreal, who took the com- mand on the 1st December, and established his head-quart- ers at Holland House. On his arrival Arnold is said to have occupied the house near Scott's Bridge, to the east (the old homestead of the Langlois family). The arrival of the Governor on the 19th November had infused the best spirit among the inhabitants of Quebec. On the 1st December, the motley garrison amounted to eigh- teen hundred men — all, however, full of zeal in the cause of their King and country, and well supplied with provisions for eight months. They were under the immediate command of Colonel Allan MacLean of the 84th Regiment or Royal Emigrants, composed principally of those of the gallant Eraser's Highlanders who had settled in Canada. STATEMENT OF THE GARRISON, IST DECEMBER, 1775. 70 Royal Fusiliers, or 7th Regiment. 230 Royal Emigrants, or 84th Regiment. 22 Royal Artillery, 3rd Comp. 4th Battalion, Capt. Jones, (" whose services on the occasion," I find in the records of my Regiment, "received the highcot praise," though he has not been noticed in the local re- cords ; now No. 8 Battery 2nd Brigade, at Ceylon, truly is their service like their motto " Vbique quo fas et gloria ducunt") 330 British Militia, under Lt.-Col. Caldwell. 543 Canadians, under Col. Dupre. 400 Seamen under Capts. Hamilton and Mackenzie. of the ill the ? sup- being er the 3 com- •quart- }aid to ist (the er had Quebec, to eigh- jause of )visions mm and r Koyal gallant 1775. )t. Jones, d in the higheot } local re- Ceylon, le quo fas izie. I i THE RUINS OF THE T!STE\DA\T S PAT.ACE, lAi IN<; I iiK ST. rn\i:i.is. Tliis oiicc inaiiMiilicent pile wns constructtHl under tho French King's directions, and the means supplied by his mu- nificence, in 1084, under Intendant De Meulles. It was burnt in 1712, when occupied by Intendant Begon, ana restored by ihe French G-overnment, It became, from 1748 to 1759, the luxurious resort of Intendant Bigot and his wassailers. Under Kng-lish rule, it was neglected, and Arnold's riflemen haying, from the cupola, annoyed Guy Ckrleton's soldiers, orders were given to destroy it with the city guns. •' I'lni Dkckmhkr, 177>— Skulking riflemen in St, lloch watching behind walls to kill our .^entries'. Sonio of them fired from the cupola of the Intondant's Pala«e. We brought ;i nine pounder to annwer them." — (^Fxtrart of Jonrnid of an offirfv of the Qvebee fjfnm'Hon, 1775.) tail du fori Cal — 21 — er thp lis mii- s burnt red by 59, the Uiuler havinsT, rs w»'re id walla to ila«e. We 'the Qtifliec 50 Masters and Mates. . . * 35 Marines. 120 Artificers, under Mr. James Thompson, A.ssist- Engi- neer, formerly Fraser's Highlanders. 1800 Total bearing arms. The siege, or rather the blockade, was maintained during the whole month of December, although the incidents were few and of little interest. The Americans were established in every house near the walls, more particularly in the Suburb of St. Roch, near the Intendant's Palace. Their riflemen, secure in their excellent cover, kept up au unre- mitting fire upon the British sentries, wherever they could obtain a glimpse of them. As the Intendant's Palace was found to afford them a convenient shelter, from the cupola of which they constantly annoyed the sentries, a nine poun- der was brought to bear upon the building ; and this once splendid and distinguished edifice was reduced to ruin, and has never been rebuilt. The enemy also threw from thirty to forty shells every night into the city, which for- tunately did little or no injury either to the lives or the pro- perty of the inhabitants. So accustomed did the latter become to the occurrences of a siege, that at last they ceased to regard the bombardment with alarm. In the meantime, the fire from the garrison was maintained in a very effective manner upo:i ^very point where the enemy were seen. On one occasion, as Montgomery was recon- noitring near the town, the horse which drew his cariolo was killed by a cannon shot. During this anxious j)eriod the gentry and the inhabi- tants of the city bore arms, and cheerfully performed the duties of soldiers. The British Militia were conspicuous for zeal and loyalty, under the command of Major Henry Caldwell, who had the i)rovincial rank of Lieutenant 22 Colonel. He had served as Deputy Quarter Master General with the army, under General Wolfe, and had settled in the Province after the conquest. The Canadian Militia within the town was commanded by Colonel Lecompte Dupre, an officer of great zeal and ability, who rendered great service during the whole siege." General Montgomery, despairing to reduce the place by a regular siege, resolved on a night attack, in the hope of either taking it by storm, or of finding the garrison unpre- pared at some point. In this design he was encouraged by Arnold, whose local knowledge of Quebec was accurate, having been acquired in his frequent visits for the purpose of buying up Canadian horses. The intention of Montgo- mery soon became known to the garrison, and General Carleton made every preparation to prevent surprise, and to defeat the assault of the enemy. For several days the Governor, with the oflicors and goiitlemon, oil duty, had taken up their quarters iu tlu Ujcollet Convent, where they slept in their clothes. At last, early iu the morning of the 3ist December, and during a violent snow storm, Montgomery, at the head of the New York troops, advanced to the attack of the Lower Town, from its western extre- mity, along a road between the base of Cape Diamond and the river. Arnold, at the same time, advanced from the General Hospital by way of St. Charles street. The two parties were to meet at the lower e}id of Mountain street, and when united were to force Prescott Gate. Two feint attacks in the mean time on the side towards the west, were to distract the attention of the garrison. Such is the outline of this daring plan, the obstacles to the accomplish- ment of which do not soem to have entered into the con- templation of the American ollicors, who reckoned too much upon their own fortune and the weakness of the garrison, -2^- reneral tied in Militia Rompte ndered lace by hope of I unprc- aged by iccurate, purpose Montgo- General rise, and days the luty, had t, where n-ning of V storm, idvanced srn extre- lond and from the The two dii street, Two feint he west, ich is the complish- the con- toned too ess of the When, at the head of seven hundred men, Montgomery had advanced a short distance beyond the spot where the inclined plane has since been constructed in building the modern citadel he came to a narrow defile, with a precii)ice towards the river on the one side, and the scarped rock above him on the other. This place is known by the name of Pres-de- Ville. Here all further approach to the Lower Town was intercepted, and commanded by a battery of three pounders placed in a hangard to the south of the pass. The post was entrusted to two officers of Canadian mililia, Chabot and Picard, whose force consisted of thirty Cana- dian and eight British militiamen, with nine British seamen to work the guns, as artillerymen, under Captain Barnsfaro, and Sergeant Hugh McQuarters, of the Royal artil- lery. (I believe in accordance with the immemorial usage of the British army to have a trusty N. C. O. of artillery at every guard where there was a gun.) Captain Barnsfare, was master of a transport, laid up in the harbour during the winter. At day -break, some of the guard, being on the look out, discovered, through the imperfect light, a body of troops in full march from Wolfe's Cove upon the post. The men had been kept under arms waiting with the utmost steadi- ness for the attack, which they had reason to expect, from the reports of deserters ; and in pursuance of judicious arrangements which had been previously concerted, the enemy was allowed to approach unmolested within a small distance. They halted at about fifty yards from the barrier ; and as the guard remained perfectly still, it was probably concluded that they were not ou the alert. To ascertain this, an officer was .seen to approach quite near to the harrier. After li.steuiiig a moment or two, he returned to the body, and they instantly dashed forward at double (juick time to the attack of tlie post. This was what the Guard expected : the artillerymen stood by with lighted matches, and Captain Barnsfare at the criiieal moment — 24 — giving the Word, the fire of the guns and musketry was directed with deadly precision agauist the head of the advancing column. The consequence was a precipitate retreat — the enemy was scattered in every direction — the groans of the wounded and of the dying were heard, but nothing certain being known, the pass continued to bo swept by the cannon and musketry for the space of ten minutes. The enemy having retired, thirteen bodies were found in the snow, and Montgomery's Orderly Sergeant desperately wounded, but yet alive, was brought into the guard room. On being asked if the General himself had been killed, the sergeant evaded the question, by replying, that he had not seen him for some time, although he could not but have known the fact. This faithful sergeant died in about an hour afterwards. It was not ascertained that the American General had been killed, until some hours afterwards, when General Carleton, being anxious to ascertain the truth, sent an aide-de-camp, to the Seminary, to enquire if any of the American officers, then prisoners, would identify the body. A field officer of Arnold's divi- sion, who had been made prisoner near Sault-au-Matelot barrier, consenting, accompanied the aide-de-camp to the Pres-rfc- F«7/e guard, and pointed it out among the other bodies, at the same time pronouncing, in accents of grief, a glowing eulogium on Montgomery's bravery and worth. Besides that of the General, the bodies of his two aides-de- camp were recognized among the slain. The defeat of Montgomery's force was complete. Col. Campbell, his second in command, immediately relinquished the under- taking, and led back his men with the utmost precipitation. The exact spot where the barrier was erected before which Montgomery fell, may be described as crossing th(? narrow road under the mountain, immediately opposite to the west end of a building which stands on the south, and was formerly occupied by Mr. Racey, as a brewery, now an do un att ret suj *)k Allans' stores. At the time of the siege this was called the Potash. The battery extended to the south, and nearly to the river. An inscription commemorating the event has been placed upon the opposite rock, with the words : '• Here Montgomery Fell." When a duty has been faithfully performed, it is difficult and almost impossible to parcel out the praise and label each hero on the spot, doubly difficult after the lapse of a hundred years. " When the brave hearts are dust," •' And their good swords are rust/' Enough. They did " "What England expects of every man " — Their duty — ! Lt.-Col. Coffin, of Ottawa, quotes among other documents^ a letter from Col. Caldwell to General Murray, in which he says that the brave little G-arrison, after the repulse of the American Column, fell into panic at the tale of some old woman, that the Americans had carried the barrier at Sault-au-Matelot, and would take them in reverse. Saii- guinet, a French Canadian contemporary, makes the same statement ; he puts the number of guns at 9, and the American slain at 36. He was not, however, himself at Quebec during the siege, but at Montreal. The ancestor of Lt.-Col. Coffin, a Loyalist gentleman "Volunteer, appears to have acted with great promptitude and decision, " he drew his bayonet" and declared he w*ould " put the first man to death who laid down his arms or aban* doned his post ;" let us hope such a pointed argument was unnecessary among brave men, who had just repulsed one attack, and as the sequel shewed, turned their guns to the rear, and quietly waited for a second assault, from, as they supposed, a successful and overwhelming force. The following interesting and reliable particulars, are given by the late Mr. James Thompson, who began his -26- miiitary dariser as a Gentleman Volunteer in the 78th High- landers, was Overseer of Works during the siege. He died full of years and honors, on the 30th August, 1830, "if honor consists in a life of unblemished integrity." The sword of Montgomery, in the keeping of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, is an heirloom in the family of his descendant, Mr. James Thompson Harrower, of Quebec. " Greneral Montgomery was killed on the occasion of his heading a division of American troops, while moving up to the assault of Quebec, on the night of the 31st December, 1775, or, rather, the morning of the 1st of January, 1776,=* during a heavy snow-storm from the north-east ; under the favor of which, as also to avoid the exposed situation to which his men would have been subjected had the attack been made on the land side, where there were lanterns and composition pots kept burning every night during the absence of the moon, he expected the better to carry his point." " The j)ath leading round the bottom of the rock on which the garrison stands, and called Pres-de- Ville, was then quite narrow ; so that the front of the line of march could present only a few tiles of men. The sergeant who had charge of the barrier-guard, Hugh McQuarters, — where there was a gun kept loaded with grape and musket-balls, and levelled every evening in the direction of the said foot- path — had orders to be vigilant, and when asiured of an ap- proach by any body of men, to fire the gun. It was Gen- eral Montgomery's fate to be amongst the leading files of the storming party ; and the precision with which McQuar- ters acquitted himself of the orders he had received, resulted • It is unnecessary to observe hero that the memory of the brave old sergeitnt, aged \Ht, soenis to have fuilod him, iis to the e.xiict duy. ItiiDcroft ^iiid other sttiiid- ard authorities can leave no doubt on this ]>oint. div if — 27 — in. the death oi' the general, two aides-de-camp, and a ser- geant ; at least, these were all that could be found after the search made at dawn of day the next morning. There was but one discharge of the gun, from which the general had received a grape-shot in bis chin, one in the groin, and one through the thigh which shattered the bone. I never could ascertain whether the defection of Montgomery's followers was in consequence of the fall of their leader, or whether owing to their being panic-struck, a consequence so peculiar to an unlooked-for shock in the dead of night and when almost on the point of coming into action ; added to which, the meeting with an obstruction (in the barrier) where one was not expected to exist. Be that as it may, he or rather, the cause in which he had engaged, was deserted by his followers at the instant that their perseverance and intrepi- dity were the most needed. I afterwards learnt that the men's engagements were to terminate on 31st December, (1775.)" " Considering the then weak state of the garrison of Que- bec, it is hard to say how much furtherthe enterprise might have been carried had Montgomery effected a junction with Arnold, whose division of the storming party, then simul- taneously approaching by the Sault-au-Matelot extremity, was left to carry on the contest alone, unaided, and which was left to sustain the whole brunt of the battle. But as I do not undertake to give a detailed history of the whole of the events, I return to the General and the sword. Holding the situation of Overseer of works in the Royal Engineer Department at Quebec, I had the superintendence of the deftiuces to be erected throughout the place, which brought to my notice almost every incident connected with the military operations of the blockade of 1775; and from the part I had performed in the affair generally, I considered that I had some right to withhold the general's iword, particularly as it had been obtained on the battle ground." " On its having been ascertained that Montgomery's division had withdrawn, a party went out to view the — 28 — effects of the shot, when, as the snow had lallon on tho previous night about knee deep, the only part ol' a body that appeared above the level of the snow w^as that of the general himself, vi'hose hand and part of the left arm was in an erect position, but the body itself much distorted, the knees being drawn up towards the head ; the other bodies that were found at the moment, were those of his aides-de- camp Cheseman and McPherson, and one sergeant. The whole were hard frozen. Montgomery's sword, (and he was the only officer of that army who wore a sword that I ever jierceived,) was close by his side, and as soon as it was discovered, which w^as first by a drummer-boy, who made a snatch at it on the spur of the moment, and no doubt considered it as his lawful prize, but I immediately made him deliver it up to me, and some time after I made him a present of seven shillings and sixpence, by way of prize money." As to the disi)uted point of who lircd the fatal gun, it is of little importance. The guard w^as no doubt under the command of Captain Chabot and Lt. Picard, of the French Canadian militia. The British tars under Captain Barns- fare served the guns. But it was then, as it still is the custom, for a steady N. C. O. or gunner of Eoyal Artillery to mount with every infantry guard where there are guns. I have no doubt in my ow^n mind that honest sergeant Hugh McQuarters of the Royal Artillery, "feared God only, and kept his powder dry," — that he fired the fatal gun p'^int blank down the road which he, and the gallant guard had steadily w^atched through, the long dark hours of that eventful night — ^' Palmam qui meruit ferat.'' James Thompson, continued : — " As it is lighter and shorter than my own sword, I adopted it and wore it in lieu. Having some business at the " Seminaire," where there ^/as a number of American officers, prisoners of war, of Greneral Arnold's division, I had occasion to be much vexed with my- — so- self for having it with me, for the inetant tht*y observed it they knew it to have been their General's, and they were very much effected by the recollections that it seemed to bring back* to their rninds ; indeed, several of them wept audibly ! I took care however, in mercy to the feelings of those ill-fated gentlemen, that whenever I had to go to the Seminary afterwards, to leave the sword behind me. To return to the General ; the body on its being brought within the walls (the garrison) was identified by Mr«. Widow Prentice, who then kept the hotel known by the name of " Free Mason's Hall," by a scar on one of his cheeks, supposed to be a sabre cut, and by the General having frecjuently lodged at her house on previous occasions of his coming to Quebec on business. General Carleton, the then Governor General, being satisfied as to his identity, ordered that the body should be decently buried, in the most private manner, and His Excellency entrusted the business to me. I accordingly had the body conveyed to a small log house in St. Lewis street, (opposite to the residence of Judge Dunn,) the second from the corner of St. Ursule street, owned by one Francois Gaubert, a cooper, and I ordered Henry Dunn, joiner, to prepare a suitable coffin ; this he complied with, in every respect becoming the rank of the deceased, having covered it with fine black cloth and lined it with flannel ; I gave him no direction about the burying party, as I had a party of my soldiers in waiting at the Chateau to carry the corpse to the grave at the moment that General Carleton conceived proper ; and when I did ascertain his wishes to that effect, I proceeded to Gaubert* s, where I was told that Mr. Dunn had just taken away the corpse ; this was about the setting of the sun on the 4th January, 1776. I accordingly posted up to the place where I had ordered the grave to be dug, (just alongside of that of my first wife, within, and near the surrounding wall of the powder magazine, in the gorge of the St. Lewis bastion,) and found, in addition to the six — 30 — men and Dunn, the umlcrtakor, that the Itev. Mr. De Montnollin, the military chaphiin, was in attendance, and the business thus finished before I got there. On satisfyinjj myself that the grave was properly cov^ered up, I went and reported the circumstances to General Carleton, who ex- pressed himself not to well pleased with Dunn's ofliciousness. It having been (subsequently) decided to demolish the powder mairazine, and to t»rect a casemated barrack in its stead, I took care to mark the spot where Montgomery was buried (not so much perhaps on his account, as from the interest I felt for it on another score) by having a small cut stone inserted in the pavement within the barrack square, and this precaution enabled me afterw ards to point out the place to a nephew of the Greneral, Mr. Lewis, who, learning that the person who had had the direction of the burial of his uncle's corpse was still living, came to Quebec, about the year 1818, for the laudable purpose of obtaining the permission of the military commander, General 8herbrooke, to take away the remains. I, of course, was callfd upon for the purpose of pointing out the spot ; and having' repaired thither with young Mr. Levvis and several officers of the garrison, to- gether with Chief Justice Sewell and some friends of the de- ceased, I directed the workmen at once \^ here to dig, and they accordingly took up the paveiiient exactly in the direc- tion of the grave. The skeleton was found complete, and when removed a musket ball fell from the skull : the ooffin was nearly decayed. No part of the black cloth of the outside nor of the flannel of the i)iside were visible ; a leather thong with which the hair had been tied, was still in a state of preservation after a lapse of forty-three years ; there is a spring of water near the place, which may have had the effect of hastening the decay of the contents of the grave." " The particulars attending the removal of the remains through the several towns of the United States to their ulti- — 31 — mate place of deposit (Broadway, New York,) were publish- ed in all the pu})]ic pai)ors in that line of communication." " (Signed,) James Thomp«on, " Overseer of Works. "Quebec, 16th Anqust, 1828. ' •§- THEN FOLLOWED THE AMERICAN ACCOUNT. ^n AuTiiRNTio JouRVAii of Occurrences tchich hopptned wWiln the Circle of M.Bpr Meigs's ohsermtion — with the Operations of that Army against Quebec. Nov. 19. Early in, tho morning wc Joeampcd an 1 murchcd up to Pointe mix Trembles, about 7 leaj^ucs from Quebec. The country through which wo passed was well settled. Every few niilcs ii handsome lit'le chiipcl. We have with us 7 prifon- ers aud 2 deserters. 20i An express came iu this morning from Gen. Montgomery at Montreal — tho con'onts were, that the king's troops hiul abandoned the town anl fled to the shipping, and that he was about to attack them with row-gnllies and boatfi with artillery mount' ed in theiu, and that he should immediately join our detachment with men and artil- lery. We have now an express ready to return to Montreal, by which conveyance I write to my family. 21. The ciirate of the parish at Puinte aiix Trembles dined this day at head- quarters. 22. An express from Montreal, which informs us that all the sliipping were taken lust Sabbath evening, and that Ucm. Montgomery was about to march for Quebec. 2-'?. An exjiress arrived from Montreal, by whom we have intelligence that (Jen. Montgomery was on his march, and that ycsterdiiy he had sent clothing for our tro( ps. One of our men came in from the woods, who had been left behind; and says that himself with one more killed n horse and lived on the ilcsh several days. 24. This morning tho Hunter sloop of war, aud throe other armed vessels, appear- ed in sight. An express is now going to meet the troops that are comin;: down from .Montreal. 25. The Hunter sloop, a large snow, and an armed schooner, came to an anchor opposite to our quarters. This mornin;^ a number of men were sent up the river in a canoe to meet the troops that were coining down. — S2- 2A. A nuiiil>or of gcnt'utnon uiiiue in thiii morning from (jiiolicc father and Mrs. Meige. ■I wrote to iry 27. Wo ojrc informed that the hoiuo of Major Culdnrull id whii-h our tru'ij)!) woru 4uartured is burnt. 2S. Col. Arnold wont up to Juokarty, to kusten down thu uuimunition. 29. Ciipt. Morgan, who had boon my ij)a wcri! Quo'ieot veil with chooncrH, achmcnt. Oenornl's penrancu. The liiT^o ro to go to evening I ere enter- iiu. re Quelcc, ith storms iiu t :?onio while they hrowa into nuod it till which arc shells were grape shot, l.ody. as wound- e com ni ami !W shot and 13. M'o opened our hnttcry, had two men bounded in it by » cannon from the rity. Five men of Col. LivingxtonV regiment of Canadians were alio wounde 1 by a cannon shot whii-h wont through a homo in St. John's suburbs where they woru quartered. 14. One of our men was killed in the bnttory and Bover.il wounded. In the evening wo threw into the town 24 shells ; at tho sanio time we were briskly cannon* adcd from the town. Ij. This murning before sun riec our battery began to play and continued ono hour, thon ceased by order of the general. A flag was then sent in to the city, but was rofui)<)d admittance. After somo discourse with tho officers from the ramparts tho fiag returned. (Tho disco arse was that cion. Carletonwouldsuffer no truce with rebels; if they came to imploro morcy from tho king he would then give them a hearingO At 2 P.M. our battery b?gan to p!ay upon 'the town, and mortars also from the suburbs of St. Rue, which sent in 50 bombs. This day wo had two men killed at our battery, and our guns dair.aged by n ^ I d Book — I, p. 196 ; thus describes the dress of the Invaders : "Ea(;h man of the three rifle companies (Morgan's, Smith's and Hendrick's) bore a rifle harried gun, a tomahawlc, or a small axe, and a long Knife, usually called a scalping knife, which served for all purposes in the woods. His under-dress, I>y nu niean.s in ... military style, was covered by a deep ash-colored hunting-shirt, leggins, and mocassins, if the latier could be procured. It was a silly fashion of those times for riflemen to ape the manners or savages." "The Canadians who first saw these (men) emerge from the woods, said they wore vttuM en toile — clothed in linen. The word toile was changed to tMe, iron plated. By a mistake of a single word the fearsof the people were greatly increased, for the news spread that the Mysterious army that descended from the wilderness was clad \niheet inm.'' * " The flag used by what was called the Continental troops, of which the force led into Canada by Arnold and Montgomery was a part, was of plain crimson ; and perhaps some times it may have had a border of black. On the first of January, 177({, the army was organized ; and the new fl>hen adopted was first unfurled at Cambridge, at the HenH Quarters of General Washington, tho present residence of the poet Longfellow. That fiag was made up of thirteen stripes, seven red and six white ; but the Union was the Union of the British flag of that day, blue, bearing the (*ro8s of St. Andrew coiiibined with the cross of St. George and a diagonal red cross for Ireland. This design was used by the American s.rmy till after tite 14th of June, 1777, whea Congress ordered that the Union should be changed, the Union of the English flag removed, and in its place there should be a siuple blue field with thirteen white stars, representing the thirteen colonies declared to be States. Since that time there has been no change in the flag, except that a new star is added as each new 8tate is admitted. The present number being thirty-eight." W. C. H. d, and John, nnery, before Led the IS they ised in L* and nburbs I were ear old longing •g, the jh terri- vaders : — every eachery Invaders : k's) bore a ly called a ress, by no irt, leggins, those times saw these inen. The e word the Mysterious vtrhich the iu crimson ; of January, unfurled at residence of red and six bearing the lai red cross 4th of June, nion of the field with ates. Since dded as each J ' . C. H. — 49 — stalked within the camp — disaffection was busy inside and outside of the walls. At first many of the citizens, Eng- lish as well as French, seemed disinclined to take part in the i^reat family quarrel which had originated at Boston : the British of New England pitted against the British oi' Can- ada. The confusion of ideas and opinions must at first have been great : several old British officers, who had served iu the war of the conquest of Canada, had turned their swords against their old mess-mates — their brothers-in-iums — amongst others, Richard Montgomery, Moses Hazen, and Donald Campbell. Quebec, denuded of its Regulars, had indeed a most gloomy prospect to look on. No sold- iers to man her walls, except her citizens, unaccus- tomed to warfare — no succour to expect from England until the following spring — scantiness of provisions, and a terri- lied peasantry, Avho had not the power, often nc desire to penetrate into the beleaguered and blockaded city during winter. "Were not these trying times for our worthy sires ' Such was the posture of affairs, when to the general joy, our gallant Governor Guy Carle ton, returned and re- joined his dauntless little army at Quebec, having succeed- ed, thanks to Capt. Bouchette and other brave men, to elude the vigilance of the enemy in possession of Throe Rivers, Sorel and Montreal. Turn over the records of those days, and you will see the importance our fathers attached, to the results ol' the SauU-au-Matelot and Pr^s-de-Vil/e engagements. For more than twenty-five years, the 31st December, 1775, was annually commemorated, generally by n club dinner.'iivenat Ferguson's Hotel ; (Freemason's Hall,) or at some other Hotel of note — sometimes a Chateau ball, was ad- ded by the Governor of the Province. In 1778, we find in the old Quebec Gazelle, a grand/c^/e champdlre, given by Lady 7 — 50 — Maria Carleton, and her gallant partner Sir Gruy, at The Red House, a fashionable rustic hostelry, kept by Alex. Menut, the Prince of Canadian Soy en of those days, who had been Maitre cCHdtel to General Murray, and was selected that year by Their Excellencies ; it stood on the Little River road, (the land is now owned by Mr. Tozer,) about two miles from Quebec. It reads thus in the Gazette of 8th January, 1778: Quebec, Sth January, (1778). " Yesterday, seventh night, being the anniversary of the victory obtained over the Rebels in their attack upon this City in the year 1775, a most elegant Ball and Supper were given at Menut's Tavern by the Gentlemen who served in the Garrison during that Memorable AVinter. The Company, consisting of upwards of two hundred and thirty Ladies and Gentlemen, made a grand and brilliant appearance, and nothing but mirth and good humour reigned all night long. About half-past six, His Excellency Sir Guy Carleton, Knight of the Bath, our worthy Governor and successful General, dressed in the militia unifoim, (which added lustre to the Ribbon and Star,) as were also all the gentlemen of that corps, who served under him du^' ng the siege, entered the assembly room accom- panied by Lady Maria, &c., &c., rnd the Ball was soon opened by her Lady&hip and the Honorable Jlenry Caldwell, Lieutenant Colonel Commandant ol" the British Militia. The dancing continued until half-past twelve, when the Ladies w^ere conducted into the supper- room, where Mr. Menut exhibited fresh proofs of that superior excellence in the culinary art he so justly claims above his Peers The company in general broke up about four in the morning, highly satisfied with their entertainment and in perfect good humour with one another. May that disposition prevail until the next and every suc- ceeding 31st of December ; and may each return of ihat glorious day (the event of which was not only the prcser- — 51 — vation of this garrison but of the whole Province), be com» memorated with the same spirit and unJhimity in grateful rememberance of our happy deliverance from the snares of the enemy, and with thankful acknowledgments of those blessings of peace and tranquillity, of Government and Laws, w^e now enjoy in consequence of that day's success." The Gazette of the following year carefully chronicles the gathering of the Veterans of 1775 : — " Thursday last being the anniversary of the 31st December, a Day which will be ever famous in the annals of this Country for the defeat of Faction and Rebellion, the same was observed with the utmost festivity, In the evening a Ball and cold Collation was given by the Gentlemen who composed the Garrison in the winter of 1775, to His Excellency and a numerous and brilliant assembly of Ladies and Gentlemen ; the satisfaction every one felt in Commemorating so Glo- rious an event, strongly appeared by the joy which was visible in every countenance." In 1790, according to the Quebec Herald, the annual dinner vv^as held at the Merchants' Coffee House, by about 30 survivors of the Veterans, who agreed to meet twice a year, instead of once, their joviality apparently increasing with their age. In 1704 ^ the Gazette acquaints us that the Anniveii- S.A.IIY Dinner was to be held at Ferguson's Hotel, (Free- )rcser- • JCrlmotfiom the Quebec Oazett-, Man Ui, 1794. '• Cluii " " The (ioiitlomen who sorvod in tho Garrison of Quebec in lT7')-7(5, nro acfiuaiiit- cd that their Anniversary Dinner will bo held at Ferguson'i^ Hotel, on Tuosdiiy, (ith May. Dinn'jr t) be on Tabic at half-past-four o'clock. The llonble. A. do fionnc, I " •• J. Walker, I EFquircx, Simon FraRer, Senr., ( .Stewanl.", James Frost, J Johu CoQin, junr., !!5«n;rotary. Quobea, 28th April, 17«4." — 52 — mason's Hall,) on the 6th May.f "We find both nationalities fraternizing in these loyal demonstrations. M. DeBonne (ai'terwards Judge DeBonne) taking his place next to loyal John Coffin, of Pres-de-Ville fame, and probably Simon Eraser and the Hon. Hugh Finlay, will join Lieutenant Lambourges and Col. Dupre, in toasting King George III. under the approving eye of Lt.-Col. Caldwell, Wolfe's Deputy Quarter-Master Greneral. Col. Caldwell, lived to a green old age, and expired in this city in 1810. Our es- teemed fellow-citizen, Errol Boyd Lindsay, remembers him well, and in front of whom I stand, a stalwart Volunteer of 1837, 'Jol. Gugy, is now relating how when a lad he once (Liied with Col. Caldwell, some seveniy years ago at Belmont, amidst excellent cheer. The Quebec G^ace^^e teems with loyal English and French songs of 1775 for a quarter of a century ; and for more than twenty-five years the Anniversary Baftquet, Ball or Dinner was religiously kept up. , But we miist hie away from these "Junketings"— these festive boards, which our loyal ancestors seem to have in- finitely enjoyed. We must hie aw^ay : the long wished for " snow storm," the signal of attack has come. 'Tis five o'clock before dawn. Hark to the rattle of the alarm drum. Hark ! Hark to the tolling of every city bell (and you know Quebec bells are numerous), louder ! loudi^r even than the voice of the easterly storm. To arms ! To arms ! resounds in the Market Place — the Place d^Armes — and in the streets of our slumbering city. Instead of giving you my views on the attack, I shall summon from the silent, the meditative past, one of the stirring actors in this thrilling encounter, an intrepid and youthful Volunteer, under Arnold, then aged seventeen f Date of departure of Invaders in 1776. — 53 — ?so years, John Joseph Homy. He will tell you how his countrymen attacked us : <'It was not," says Judge Henry, until the night oftho.SlstofD'^ccmber, 1775, that such kind of weather ensued as was considered I'avoraWo for the assault. The fore part of the night was admirably enlightened by a luminous moon. Many of us, ofKcers as well as privates, had disporsod in various directions rmong the farm and tippling houses of the vicinity. We weirknew the signal for rallying. This was no other than a "siiow- storni." About 12 o'clock, P.M., the heaven was overcast. We repair- ed to quarters. By 2 o'clock wo were accoutred and began our march. The storm was outrageous, and the cdd wind extremely biting. In this northern country the snow is blown horizontally into the faces of tra- vellers on most occasiom — this was our Cise. When we came to Craig's house, near Palace Gate, a horrible roar of cannon took i)lace, and a ringing of all the bells of the city, which are very numerous, and of ail sizes. Arnold, leading the forlorn hope, advanced, perhaps, one hundred yards, before the main body. After these followed Lamb's artillerists. Morgan's company led in the secondary part of the column of infantry. Smith s ibllowed, Iteaded by Steele ; the Captain, from particular causes, being absent. Ilendrick's company succeeded, and the eastern men, so far as known to me, to) lowed indue older. The snow was deeper than in the fields, because of the nature of the ground. The path made by Arnold, Lamb, and Morgan was almost imperceptible, because of the falling snow. Covering the locks of our guns, with the lappets of our coats, holding down our heads (for it was impossible to boar up our faces against the impevious storm of wind and snow), we ran along the foot of the hill in single file. Along the first of our run, from Palace Gate, for several huu;; dred paces, there stood a range of insulated buildings, which seemed to be store-houses ; we passed those quickly in single file, pretty wide apart. The interstices were from thirty to fifty yard ^ In these inter- vals, we received a tremendous fire of musketry from the ramparts above us. Here we lost some brave men, when powerless to return the salutes we received, as the enemy was covered by his impregnable de- fences. They were even sightless to us ; we could see nothing but the blaz(( from the muzzles of their muskets. A number of vessels of various sizes lay along the beach, moored by their hawsers or cables to the houses. Pacing after my leader. Lieute- nant Steele, at a great rate, one of those ropes took me under the chin, and cast me head long down, a declivity of at least fifteen feet. Tuo place appeared to be either a dry-dock or a saw'pit. My descent was — 54 -- terrible; gun and all was involved in m greiU depth of snow. Most un- luckily; however, one uf my knees r* ceivud a violent contusion on a piece of scraggy ice, which was covere< ! by the snow. On like occasions, we can scarcely expect, in the hurry of attack, that our intimates should attend to any other than their own concern. Mine went from me, re- gardless of my fate. Ssrambling out of the cavity, without assistance, divestmg my person and gun of the snow, and limping into the line, X attempted to assume a station and preserve it. These were none of my friends — they knew me not. I had uot gone twenty yards, in my hobbling gait, before I was thro;vn out, and compelled to await the arrival of a chasm in the line, when a new place might be obtained. Men in affairs such as this, seem in the main, to lose the compassionate feeling, and are averse from being dislodged from their original sta- tions. We proceeded rapidly, exposed to a long line of fire from the garrison, for now we were unprotected by any buildings. The fire had slackened in a small degree. The enemy had been partly called oil to resist the General, and strengthen the party opposed to Arnold in our front. Now wo saw Colonel Arnold returning, wounded in the leg, and supported by two gentlemen ; a parson, Spring, was one, and, in my be- lief, a Mr. Ogden the other. Arnold callei on the troops, in a cheering voice, as we passed, urging us forward, yet it was observable among the soldiery, with whom it wa? my misfortune to be now placed, that the Colonel's retiring damped their spirits. A cant term " We are sold," was repeatedly lieard in many parts Ibou^hout the line. Thus pro- ceeding, enfiladed by an animated but lessened fire, we came to the first barrier, where Arnold had been wouudei in the onset. This contest had lasted but a few minutes, and was somewhat severe, but the energy of our men prevailed. The eoabrasures were entered when the enemy were discharging their guns. The guard, consisting of thirty persons, were either taken or fled, leaving theii arms beliind them. At this time it was discovered that our guns wc 'o useless, because of the damp- ness. The snow which lodged in our lloecy coats was melted by the warmth of our bodies. Thence came that disaster. Many of the party, knowing the circumstance, threw aside their own, and seized the British arms. These were not only elegant, but were such as befitted the hand of a real soldier. It was said, that ten thou-,and stand of such arms had been received from England, in the previous summer, for arming the Canadian militia. These people were loath to bear them in opposition to our rights. From the first barrier to the second, there was a circular course along the sides of houses, and partly through a street, probably of three hundred yards or more. This .second barrier was erected across and near the mouth of a narrow street, adj icent to the foot of the hill, which opened into a larger, leading soon into the main body of the — 55 re- and Lower Town. Here it was, that the most senons contention took place : this became the bono of stiil'e. The admirable Montgomery, by this time, (though it wag unknown to us) Avas no more : yet, we expected momentarily to join him. The I'ring on that side of the iortref.8 ce«:od, his division fell under the command of a Colonel Campbe'I, of the New York line, a worthless chief, who retreated, without making an etio^^t, in pursuance of the general's original plans. The inevitable consequence was, that the whole oi the forces on that side of the city, and thuse who were opposed to the dastardly persons employed to make the false attacks, embodied and came down to oppose our division. Here was shafp-shooting. We were on the disadvantageous side of the barrier, tor such a purpose. C'Onfined in a narrow street, hardly more than twenty feet wide, and on the lower ground, scarcely a ball, well aimed or otherwise, but must take ellect upon us. Morgan, Uendricks, Steele, Humphrey's, and a crowd of every class of ihe army, had gathered into the narrow pass, attempting to ;~urmount the barrier, which was about twelve or more feet high, and so strongly constructed, that nothing but artillery, could elFecluate its destruction. There was a construction, fifteen or twenty yards within the barrier, upon a rising ground, the cannon of which much overtopped the height of the barrier, hence, we were assailed by grape shot in abundance. This erection we called the platform. Again, within the barrier, and close into it, were two ranges of musketeers, armed with musket and bayonet, ready to receive those who might venture the dangerous leap . Add to all this, that the enemy occupied the upper chambers of the houses, in the interior of the bar- rier, on both sides of the street, from the windows of which we became fair marks. The enemy, having the advantage of the ground in front, a vast superiority of numbers, dry and better arms, gave them an irre- sistible power, in so narrow a space. Humphrey's, upon &• mound, which was speedily erected, attended by many brave men, attempted to scale the barrier, but was compelled to retreat, by the formidable pha lanz of bayonets within, and «he weight of lire from the platform and the buildings. Morgan, brave to temerity, stormed and raged ; Hen- dricks, Steele, Nichols, Humphreys, equally brave, were sedate, though under a tremendous tire. The |»latform, which was witlun our view, was evacuated by the accuracy ol our fire, and few persons dared ven- ture there again. Now it was. that tlie necessity of the occupancy of tne hoases, on our side of the barrier, became apparent. Orders were given by Morgan to that effect. We entered — this was neir day-ligh*. The houses were a shelter, iVom which we might fire with much accu- racy. Yet, even here, some valuable lives were lost. Hendricks, when aiming his riHe at some prominent person, died by a straggling ball through his heart. He stagL'ereil a iew feet backwards, and fell upon ^\ ^-56 — a bed; wh^^re he instantly expired. lie was an ornament ol our little society. The amiable Humphreys died by a like kind of wound, but it was in the street, before we entered the biildings. Many other bravo men fell at this place; among these were Lieutenant Cooper, of Connec ticut, and perhaps fifty or sixty non-commissioned officers and privates. The wounded were numerous, and many of them dangerously so. Captain Lamb, of the \"ork artillerists, had neav'y one half of his face carried away, by a grape or cannister shot. My friend Steele lost three of his fingers, as he was presenting his gun to fire ; Captain Ilubbard and Lieutenant Fisdle, were all among tlio 'wounded. When we reject upon the whole of the dangers of this barricade, and the formidable foroe that came to annoy us, it is a matter of surprise that £o in iwy should escape death and woundir^r as dia. All hope of success having vanished, a retreat was contemplated, but hesitation, uncertainty, and a lasaitude of mi»id, which generally takes place in the affairs of men, when we fail in a project, upon which we huve attached much expeclu' tion, now followed. That moment was foolishly lost, when such a move- ment might have been made with tolerable succv;ss. Captain I^aws, at the head of two hundred men, issuing from Palace Gate, most fairly ar.d handsomely cooped us up. Many of the meu, aware of the conse- quences, and all our Indiu j and Canadians (except Natunis " and another,) escaped across the ice, which covered the Bay of St. Charles, before the arrival <,i Captain Laws. This was a dongeious and desperate adventure, but worth while the undertaking, in avoidance of our subsequent sufferings. Its desperateness, con- sisted in running two miles across shoal ice, thrown up by the high tides of this latitude— and its drnger, in the meeting with air holes, deceptively covered by the bed of snow. Speaking circumspectily, yet it must be admitted conjecturally, it seems to me, that in the whole of the attack, of commissioned officers, we had six killed, five woujided. and of non-commissioned and privates, at least one hundred and lifiy killed, and lifty or sixty wounded. Of the enemy, many were killed and many more wounded, comparatively, than on our side, taking Into ^iew the disadvantages we laboured under ; anur little d, but it er bravo f Con nee privates, ously so. i" his t'.ice ost three Ilubbavd ve reject )rmidable eo miwy !Bs having linty, and s of naen, cxpecla' h a move- I Laws, at fairly ar.d he conse- inls * and ,y of St. iiingeious aking, in less, con- ) by the lair holes, Bctily, yet i whoie of vvouiided. 1 and lifiy cilled and into view sions hap- id second :lishcured the guard and a battery. Their youth caused their assertions to be doubted. General Guy Carleton then ordered Col. McLean, tq. hurry to the Lower Town to ascertain the real state of things. He soon returned, saying "By heaven, 'tis too true the enemy has got in at Sault au Matelot street," General Carleton then turning towards the people said, "Now is the time to show of whatstuf^you are made," and instantly dispatched a detachment of 200 men to that quarter. On arriving there, the sol- diers became scared and surprised at the great progress tho Bostonnais had made: the invaders had already placed three scaling ladders on tho third *barrier, which was the weakest and the easiest to escalade ; (lir alarm was increasing: all was excitement: disorder was getting the upper hanl and our leaders seemed disincliaed to advance. Fear w'ls taking hold of the stoutest royalists, on their hearing the enemy say " Friends " calling at tho same time several Quebecers by their name, " are you there ? " a proof there were yet many traitote in the city, this caused all good citizens to shudder. However " Canadian named *Sanguinet mentions a " thlvd barrier" though other writers mention but two.- (J. M. L.) 59 — Charland, as athletic as he was brave, pulled the ladders over the banier to his side; there were .it that moment, several Bostonnais lying dead along ihe barrier : firing on both sides being pretty brisk. The invaders in order to know one another, wore a band of paper secured to their caps, with the words ^^ Liberty for ever^^ or "Death or Vutonf* inscribed on it. The Bostonnais then gave up the idea of escalading the third b-vrrier, and took refuge in the houses, opening the windows and firing through, m all directions. They thus approached from house Id house, and had they not met with opposition, they would have reached the house which formed the corner of the barrier, but Mr. Dumas, who was a Captain, gavo the order to storm this house mstanter — ^M.Dambourges, by the aid of the ladder taken from the enemy, and followed by several Canadians, entered by one of the windows, and broke through the gable window of a house, wherein, he found a number of Bostonnais. Dis- charging first his fire-lock, he flung himself in, flourishing his bayonet, followed by a number of Canadians, full of spirit like himself ; the in mates, panic -struck, surrendered. (•r About this time. General Guy Carleton, sent by Palace Gate, a detach- ment of 200 men, under Capt. Law.<, to cut ofl the retreat of the enemy, if he attempted to get back, and place them between two fires. Ourmen in Saultau-Matelot street, were immediatelj' advised of this movement; it in.o'^Ired them with new ardor. Capt. Lvn?, with his 200 men, marched to the other (the eastern) end of SiuU-au-Matelot street, from Palace Gate, and entered a house whore the olHcers of the invading army were holdic" t. council of War ; several of them instantly drew their swords to despach liim; he then said he had under him twelve hundred men outside, and that unless they instantly surrendered, they would all be cut to pieces without mercy. Some of them looking out of the window, saw what they took to be a large force of British, though i* numbered but 200 men : they then made terms with Capt. Laws, and gave them- selves up as prisoners. This saved his life. As the Cana<^ian.«' were at the end ot Sault au Matelot street, on the lower towr ..<«" :.ad kept up a constant Hr3 on the /Jos^ojiJiais, they heard a vc" 'tying " Cana-' tlia'is', cease firing, else you will hit your fricnds,^^ at first it was thought it WIS merely a ruse on the part of the foe, and as the firing was still kei>t up, the same words were repeated. The firing then stopped, and the voices of some of our own people were distinguished ; they had been taken prisoners by the enemy ; at the same time, the Bostonnais sued for quarter, saying that they surrendered ; some of them threw their arms out of the doors and windows ; the others, under the effect of fear, hid in cellars and garrets ; the greater portion presented the stocks of their firelocks. The figlit lasted two hours," — 60 — Such, ladies and gentlemen, is the narrative furnished by Simon Sanguinet, a Montreal lawyer, who arrived in Quebec, on the 15th May, 1776. Let us hear Col. Caldwell ; writing in the spring of 1776 to his friend Gen. James Murray, in England, he thus do- scribes the attack : "The burning of my houso led mo into this digression. The day after thii happened, my clerk, (Joshua Wolf) trying to save some more work was taken prisoner by some of the enemy's flying parties, andafow days nftcr, General Montgomery (brother to him, you might remember, at (Quebec,) and lately a Captain in the 17th Eogiment, and your old ao- .'(uaintanceand friend, Colonel Donald Campbell, quarter master-general, arrived at Holland's house (now the rebel headquarters.) Wo were not idle, in the mean time, in town : we got the merlons and embra- sures repaired ; platforms laid, guns mounted, the picketing %t Cape Diamond and behind the Hotel Diou repaired ; barriers were made be- tween the upper and lower town, and at the extremities of the Lower Town, and at Sault-au-Matelot, and at the other side, at Pres-d*-Ville, which, you may remember, is on the further side of the King's wharf, past the old King's forges ; these posts were strengthened with cannon. In that situation, we were in the month of December ; about tho 14th, Mr. Mont- gomery got a battery formed of gabions, filled with snow, and rammed close, with water thrown on it, which made it freeze, which, mtermized with fascines and snow, did not answer well ; but as well as could be expected. On this battery, he mounted five guns, 12 and 9 pounders, and then sent a flag of truce which the General would not receive, ex- cept on condition that they came to implore the King's mercy, which, indeed, was the way he treated several flags of truce that the enemy wanted to send in. Mr. Montgomery then contrived to have several letters thrown into the town on arrows, directed to the and inhabi- tants of the town, full of threats and scurrility. He then opened his battery, which was erected on a rising ground, in a line with the tanners, who lived on the road to Sans Bruit, but without any effect ; and Arnold's corps, which took posts in St. Eoch, under our walls, were continually firing at our sentries — the three llifle companies in particular — these sometimes wounding a sentry. Thoy also got seven Royals behind Grant's house,* and threw a number of shells into town, also to no effect; and their battery was soon silenced, and some of their guns dismounted * Grant's house stood about; the centre of St. Roch. — 61 — ex- by the superior iire from the town. About the 23rd, at night, my clerk made ois escape, and brought with him one of their people. He eilected it by getting a bottle of rum, and makmg the sentry over him drunk. He brought us the first certain accounts of their intention to storm the town} of their haying ladders prepared, and of the different attacks that they were to make, as talked of amongst their troops ; that Mr. Montgomery had declared his intention of dining in (Quebec on Christmas day ; and in public orders he promised the plunder of the town to his soldiers, which wo afterwards found was true. We had before kept a good look out, but this put us more on our guard. The few regular troops, such as they were, were off guard, ordered to be accoutered , with their fire-arms beside them; the sailors, formed into a corps, under the command of Capt. Hamilton, of tfte Lizard, lay in their barracks in the same manner ; and the two corps of militia, assembled at different points, to take their rest, in the same manner also. They remained quiet until the 31st of December; about five o'clock in the morning wo were alarmed at our picket by Captain Frazer, who wna captain of the main guard, and returning from his rounds, told us that there was a brisk firing kept up at Cape Diamond. The morning was dark, and at that time a drizzling kind of snow falling. McLean (who was second in com- mand in the garrison, and who really, to do himjustioo, was indefatigable in the pains he took,) begged that I would take part of my corps to Cape Diamond, and if I found it a false attack (as we both supposed it to be), after leaving the necessary reinforcements there, I might return with the rest. I accordingly went there, found the enemy firing at a distance, — saw there was nothing serious intended, and after ordering a proper disposition to be made, proceeded to Port Louis. There I met Captain Laws, an officer to whoa> the General had given the command of an extra picket, composed of the best men of the detachment of the 7 th and McLean's corps there ; him I ordered back again to wait the (reneral's orders, and proceeded to St. John's Gate, when I first learned that the enemy had surprised the post at Sault au Matelot, and had got into the Lower Town. I still had part of the B. Militia with me, and took upon me also to send some whom I found unnecessary on the ramparts, to the party to wait for orders ; and took an officer with a small party of the Fusi- leers with me, by Palace Gate, just at the time when the officer I had mentioned to you, with about To men, was ordered to make a sortie and attack the enemy at the Saultau-Matelot in the rear. I hastened, with what expedition I could, by the back of the Hotel Dieu, in the Lower Town, and on my way passed by the picket drawn up under the field officer of the day, who was Major Cox, formerly of 47th, and now Lieut- Governor of Ga?; e. 1 got him to allow me to take your friend Nairu^', with a subaltern and thirty men, and then proceeded to the Lower Town, — 62 — where I found things, though not in a good way, yet not desperate. The enemy had got in at the Sault-auMatelot, but, neglecting to push on, as they should have done, were stopped at the second barrier which our people got shut just as I arrived. It was so placed as to shu » up the street of ihe Sault-au-Matelot from any communication with the rest of the Lowar Town. As I was coming up I found our people, the Canadians especially, shy of advancmg towards the barrier, and was obliged to exert myself a good deal. To do old Voyer, their Colonel, justice, though he is no great olticsr, yet he did not show any want of spirit. However, my coming up with Nairne and a Lieutenant, wit!i fifty oeamen, gave our people new spirits. I posted people in the differ- ent houses that commanded the strectof Sault au-Matelot; some in the house where Levy, the Jew, formerly lived, others at Lymeburner's ; the officers of theJPusileers I posted in the street with fixed bayonets, ready to receive the enemy in case they got on our sido of the barrier ; they had on their side of it, fixed soim^ ladders, and then another to our side as it were to come down by ; that was useful to us. J ordered it to be pulled away and fixed it to the window in the gable end of a house towards US; the front of which commanded the street of the Sault-au- Matelot, and their side of the barrier. Then I sent Captain Nairne, and Dambourges, an ofiicer also of McLean's corps, * with a party of their people; Nairne and Dambourges entered the window with a great deal of spirit, and got into the house on that siii', just as the enemy was en- tering it by the front door. But Nairne soon dislodged them with his bayonelB, driving them into the street : nor did they approach the barrier afterwards. They however kept up it baisk Hie from back windows of the houses they had occupied in Sault-au-Matelot street on our people in Lymeburner's house, on ais wharf, and the stred aclj icent, from one of their houses. I had a narrow escape, for gcngatday broxk to reconnoitre on the ';;7harf under them, just as they took post there, they asked, "Who is there"? At first I thought they might liavo bo.3n some of Nairne's people, who I know were next door to them, and answered "a friend" — Who are you 7 they answered '"Captain Morgan's company." I told them to have good heart for they would soon be in tlie town, and imme- diately got behind a pile of boards beside me, not above ten or twelve yards from them, and escaped. Their firo, however, a good deal slackened to-.ards nine o'clock, eapecially after I brought a 9-pounder on Lymebur- ner's wharf to bear upon them : the first shot of which killed one of their men and wounded another. I then called out to Nairne in their hoaring, so that he should let me know when he board firing on the other side : * It was there that an athletio CaGadinn, nHiiicd Cluulaiul, ili^tinguitthod himsQlf, lo^uther withCa()'i. Dumas und lit< Duuibuurgc». — 63 — our General had sent 500 men to hem the enemy in on that side ; they soon after began to give themselves up and surrendered to Nairne, who sent them through the window to us. They then began to crowd in in such numbers, thai we opened the barrier, and they all gave themselves up on that side, while the party that made the sortie were busy in the same manner on the other side of the post and which had delayed so long from coming up, in taking and sending in by Palace Gate some straggling prisoners; but they had not a shot iired at them, and just arrived on that end of the post, the enemy surprised at the time the otficer I sent to take possession of our old post, arrived with a small party, supported by Nairne with 100. men ! thus ended our attack on that side, in which the enemy had about 20 men killed, upwards of 40 men wounded, and about 400 made prisoners." One account limits the casualities on the British side, to five privates killed, two wounded ; to which must be added Captain Anderson, who had previously held a commission in the Koyal Navy, and a Mr. Fraser, a master-carpenter ; doubtless there were many others. A Journal, quoted by "W. Smith, the historian, gives great praise to the regulars, the militia, the seamen : " The Royal Fusiliers, under Cap- tain Owen, distinguished themselves, the Royal Emigrants behaved like Veterans." " The French militia shewed no backwardness ; a hand! id of them stood the last at Sault- au-Matelot ; overcome by numbers, they were obliged to retreat to the barrier." "Welcome, my friends! your praise was not sung every day, in lilnglish ears, in these troublous times. "From December (1st), 1775, to the 6th May, 1776, ac- cording to Sanguinet, the Bostonnais fired seven hundred and eighty cannon shots on the city ; they threw one hundred and eighty small shells of 15, 18, 20, 25, 30 pounds, with the exception of five or six &hells of 50 to 60 lbs. : their balls were mostly all of 9 lbs. weight. During the same interval, Quebec fired, including the shots to clean the guns, ten thousand four hundred and sixty-six shots — nine hun- dred and ninety-six shells — from 30, 40, 50 to 130 lbs. -64- weight— others of 160, 175, ?00 lbs., and some of 300 lbs. weight, and six fire-pots, which set fire to four houses in St. Roch suburbs." — {Sanguineus Journal, p. 130.) The blockade lasted from 4th December, 1775, to 6th May, 1776: the shief incidents in the interval we find recorded in the Siege Journals under the heading o^ "innumerable houses in St. Rocque and St. John Suburbs, burnt by Arnold's soldiery, to cut off the supply of fire-wood from the garrison." Frequent ball practice between the enemy's piquets in St. John Suburbs and at Menut's Tavern, and the garrison : occasional desertions from the 95 American pri- soners who had enlisted, and some of the Royal Emigrants disappearing, to which may be added several false alarms. Where Prescott Gate was built in 1797, there existed, in 1775, a rough structure of pickets ; — Hope Gate, erected and named by Col. Hope eleven years after, did not of course exist in 1775 — this is why Capt. Laws and his party were sent by Palace Gate. Never was there a more utter rout than that of the heroes of Ticonderoga — Crown Point — Fort St. John — Fort Chain- bly — Montreal — Sorel — Three Rivers, &c. The Com- mander-in-Chief, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery, with his Aides-de-Oamp, McPherson, Jacob Cheesman, and some dozens of others, fell at Pres-de-Ville. Col. Arnold,* wounded in the leg, was conveyed from Sault-au-Matelot street by the Rev. Samuel Spring, the Chaplain of the force, and by Matthew Ogden (afterwards General M. Ogden), whilst Hendricks, and others of his chief ofiicers, were shot, and his second in command, Lt.-Col. Green, the two Majors, Bigelow and Return J. Meigs, Adjutant Febezer and Capt. * Arnold was thirty-four years of age at the storming of Quebec in 1776. IIo Vfna called a double traitor— first to England* next to America, having offered to surrender West Point to the English, for £33,000 and the retention of the rank he then held in the American army. He wa« born in Norwich, Conn., and died (nvar Brompton, London,) 18th June, 1801, aged 60 yaari. \' lbs. ses in May, orded arable - it by from lemy's id the • n pri- L»Tants larma. ed, in rected not of party • ' lieroes Dham- Com- \ )mery, n, and tiold,* ' 1 . latelot J force, gden), e shot. ^ ilajors, L Capt. 776. IIo offered to 9 rank ho led (n«ar / t to d Matthew Duncan, and some four hundred tnd twenty odd officers and privates were taken prisoners. In order to render more clear the mode of attack and defence, on Sault-au-Matelot Barriers, I have prepared the foregoing rough sketch, showing, as near as possible, thc^ locality in 1775, and its present state. The eastern termi- nation of Little Sault-au-Matelot Street or Dog Lane is less abrupt than formerly. Figure 5 denotes the site of Lyme- burner's house, where our men were. The wharf in rear, provided in 1775 with cannon, existed, so I am told, as late as 1823, and was occupied by the "Warehouses of the Hudson Bay Co. ; the Inland Revenue offices, an 1 other buildings in St. James Street, have since taken the place of the St. Law- rence. From the title-deeds of property in ray possession, there can be no doubt as to the site of Lymeburner's house^ though I have failed to discover the site of the house, which Caldwell in his narrative calls "the house of Levy, the Jew." "Where was, in 1775, Lymeburner's 'i^ house, now stands, since 1863, the stately structure known as the Quebec Bank. I have my doubts, whether there really existed a " Third Barrier," though on the statement of Sangainet, I have shown in the sketch a " Third one." However valuable the testimony of Mr. Sanguinet, the Montreal advocate, may be, as bearing on the incidents which took place in the latter city during his residence therein the winter of 1775-6, having only reached Quebec on the 16th May, 1776, his testimony as to the Quebec incidents of the preceding winter, is not like Caldwell's, that of an eye witness— it is merely secondary evidence. • There were three Lymeburners : John, the proprietor of the St- Peter Stretfl house, who was lost at tea in the fall of 1773 ; Adam, his I jrother, who luoceeded to him — the able delegate sent to England to oppose the New (ifbnstitution of 1791, di- viding Canadii into two Provinces. He died in England as late as 183fi ; and Matthew Lymeburner (Lymeburner & Crawford) ; he was yet alivo in 181(5. None, that I am aware of, left children in Quebec. — 66 — 'Tradition points out as the house, at the eastern end of Little Saull-au'Matelot Street, in which Major Nairne and Lieut. Dambourges entered, a small two-story Tavern removed a few years back and replaced by " No. 5 Firo Station." According to the nanative of Capt. Simeon Thayer, one of Arnold's officers, who formed part of the 427 prisoners taken, "the Continental troops of Arnold were, for up\, ^rds of four hours, victorious of the Lower Town, and had taken about 130 prisoner: " when the for- tune of war turned against them. His description of the capture of the First Barrier, guard and piquet, is worthy of notice : " The front,"' says he, '• having got lost hy a prodigious snow-storm, I undertook to pilot them (Arnold's purty), having measured tlio works belon; and knowing the place. But coming to the Banier, two field pieces played briskly on us that were there. But on their drawing back to recharge, Capt. Morgan and m) self, quickly advancing through the I'orts, seized them with C>0 men, rank r.nd file, which was their maik guard, and made them prisoners. Immediately afterwards, adA4incing towards a picket that lay further up the street, where there was a company of the most responsible citizens of Quebec, found their Captain drunk, took them likewise prisoners, and taking their dry arms for our own use, and laying ours up in order to dry them, being wet, and advancing, by which time our whole party got into the First BaiTier. We rallied our men and i^trove to scale the second. Notwithstanding their utmost efforts, we got some of our ladders up, but were obliged to retreat, our arms Iteing wet, and scarcely omo in ten would fire ; whereon some did retreat l>ack to the First Barrier we had taken, and when we came there we found we could not retreat without exposing ourselves to the most imminent dangei-.'' They fell into the clutches of Capt. Laws. It is clear, from Capt. Thayer's statement, that it was neither a British nor a French militia officer who was captain of the piquet, past the First Barrier, " further up the street," where both the captain and piquet were taken prisoners — but Capt. McLeod^ of the 84th or lioyal Emigrants. Of whom was the piquet composed? of the "most responsible citizens of Quebec' Their nationality is not here given. Did this piquet, com- manded by a British Regular officer, constitute the guard of the " Second Barrier ?" # Probablv not, else if it had, the • Would it be Col. Voyor? — 67 - piquet being made prisoners of war, what would have pre- vented Arnold's men from scaling the Second Barrier ? Ladies and Gentlemen, notwithstanding all the minute de- tails submitted, there is yet, you see, some margin for con- jectures and hypotheses, and each nationality will set up a theory as to who lefended the Second Bamer, in the begin- ning of the fray, before Caldwell, the Commander of the British Militia, Nairne, Dambourges and Dumas struck out for Death or Victory, though this is a minor point. You see in the Sketch the houses marked 4.4.4.4 in Dog Lane, from the back windows of which Morgan and Lamb's riflemen could pink our brave boys, sheltered in Lymeburner's house. If time permitted, there are a thousand anecdotes and trails illustrative of those warlike times, I could relate you. I should tell how two sturdy New England wives fol- lowed their husbands, through the wilderness of forest and snow — to Quebec ; one surviving her husbmJ, who, hav- ing fallen ill, had to be left to his fate in these inhospitable regions, round the Kennebec : the other, Mrs. Grier, a ma- tronly person, was the wife of Sergeant Grier, "a large, vir- tuous and respectable woman." The other was " a pretty Jemima," the spouse of private James Warner. ^ Poor Warner, alas ! you died from eating too much. * James Warner had a most, lamentable fate. He was young, hamlsome in ap- pearance, not more than tuunty-tivc year« of ago ; ho was athletic and seemed to surpass in bodily strength. Vet, withall, ho was a dolt. His wife Jemima was beautiful, though coarso in manners. In December, the wife or widow of poor .James Warner caiiio to our quarters iu the low grounds (near the General Hospital?) bear- ing her husband's rifle, his powder-horn and pouch. She appeared as fresh and rosy as ever. Her husband, slio said, was a great eater. His stores of provisions, after the partition, at the head of the (,'liiiudii" re, were in a little time consumed. The consummate wife ran baek from the march, and found her beloved husband sitting at the foot of a tree, wher;) he said ho was determined to die. The tender-hearted woman atteu'' mil have failed — signally failed. It required, in order to w\ \d into one harmonious whole, so many dissolving, disc Man t elements — one master mind — one leading spirit — concilia- tory — firm — able and brave. This leading spirit Quebec had received v/ithin its walls, from the jaws of death or defeat, on the 19th November, 1775. Need I tell yoii the name of this true-hearted man and noble leader ? com- n other parts of her dominions, has suggested to the brilliant writer of the London Times, William Howard Russell, tho following remarks : "Is it not strange that Groat Britain should have accorded such concessions to Roman Catholics and colonists, when the penal system was most rigorously enforced in Ireland ? But is it not stranger still, that tho people of the American colonies, who were about to set themselves up as the children and champions of freedom of faith and conscience, should have taken bitter umbrage at those very concessions ! The Americans of the North had an exceeding animosity to the French Canadians. They remonstrated in fierce, intolerant, any, persecution, murder, and rebelUon through tho world.' The ' rench Canadians of tho present day, in accusing the British Government if a hundred years ago of want of liberality and foresight in the administration of their newly acquired territory, are wilfully blind to tho sort of Government which they reoQived from the Bourbons."— (Oanacto, its Da/ences, pages 144-5.) — 70 — * Guy Carleton was the hero of Quebec. (Applause.) I shall not trespass any longer on your time ; you have had three versions of the Sault-au-Matelot assault, two by eye witnesses, one by a contemporary. I do not know whether you have been as much struck, as I was with the candid account of that youthful Volunteer, John Joseph Henry, who lived to see himself President of a Pennsylvania Court of Justice, and who remained for nine months a prisoner of war, first in the RecoUet Monastery, which was burnt in 1796, and the remainder of the winter in the Dau- phin prison near St. John's Crate ; ho has described in a very attractive style, how his countrymen deprived of their leaders — hemmed in on all sides, surrendered or bravely fell before Guy Carleton's Musqueteers. You have also heard Sanguinet, a staunch loyalist, picture the fiery French, forgetful of their grievances, led by Dupre and Dambourges, sealing with their blood the covenant, that oath of allegiance, sworn by them sixteen years pre- vious, to Britain. Lastly, Col. Hy. Caldwell, a comixmion in arms of the immortal Wolfe, with becoming pride, has related how British pluck — British hearts — British bayonets upheld the glorious flag of England, one hundred years ago, in this most ancient, most historical, most picturesque old city. All races you saw that day, united like one man, to hurl the invader from their doors. There remains for me but one word t(i add, one hope to express. Should the voice of our country ever again sum- mon her sons, to her rescue, may they prove as united, as brave, as true to themselves, as loyal to their hearths and homes, as the men of Quebec of 1775 ! (l*rolonged ap- plause.) •Gentral Carleton waf knighted for hi.s g.illnntry in defondiHg Quebec in 1775 ; he became Lord Dorchester, in recognition of the services rendered subsequently to England, at New York, though ho was second in command to Uonoral Burgoyne, He died in 1808. CONCLUDING REMARKS BY ^^-R. STEV£J"N"SOI^ Ladies and Gentlemen, — "We are really greatly in- debted to Mr. LeMoiiie for the facts of History which he has imparted to us to-nig'ht : indeed Canada owes a debt of gratitude to him for hi« unwearied industry in rescuing from oblivion every particular of our history which may prove interesting, encouraging and valuable to ourselves amd to posterity. We cannot help reflecting at this moment how very dii- ferent might have been the destiny of Canada but for the bravery of a few men, of British and French Canadian origin, who fought against the insurgents for the mainten- ance of a connection which was dearer to them than life. I will not say that the Republican form of Government, which Montgomery ventured to force upon us, is a great evil ; on the contrary, there is much good in it ; and the highest conception of that form of Government contains the elements of real freedom ; and is based, not on feeling; but on the thought and self consciousness of man recognizing the spiritual character of his existence. Canadians, how- ever, of both French and British origin, in the exercise of freedom, in the exercise of their rights, preferred to live under a Monarchical form of Government, which gives to the state an immovable centre, and consigns, ostensibly, sovereign possession to a dynastic family in trust. In fine, they preferred to remain in fraternal union wdth the people of Great Britain ; and to form part of the great British Em- pire, of which Canada constitutes now not the least influ- ential or least important portion. 10 7" With rognrd to the AmoricanRevolution, it haslxu'ii woll said that *' It is very soldom mon come to one opinion con- corning the character and the consequences ol' ji un^at con- test, the event oi' which was decided by the sword, alter a long- war, which had been preceded by a much longvr and not less bitter combat of words and phrases. The war of the American Revolution, so far as it concerned Americans and the people of Great Britain, was a civil war, and whatever is great and good in its history is the common property of both. The valor of the two armies belongs to the common stock of the martial virtues of that race. The issue of the contest was in a measure fixed l>y physical facts belore a gun was fired. Great Britain was too lar removed from the scene of action to admit of their superiority in numbers and wealth being made available in an age when steam navigation was unknown. The people of America and the people of Great Britain can look back to the American R(^- volution, if not with complacency, at least with calmness, and deduce, I hope, from its history, the sound conclusion, never again to engage in a contest with men of their own blood.'' The true theatre of history, 1 mean the history of human development and civilization, rather than of wars, is the temperate or northern half of the temperate zone. When pressing needs are satisfied, man turns to the more general and more elevated ; but in the extreme /ones, such pres- sure may be said never to cease, never to be warded off ; mon are constantly impelled to direct their attention to the elements, to the burning rays of the sun, or to the icy frost. On this northern half of America, we witness a state ol' general prosperity ; and in our own portion of it, an in- crease of industry, and population, civil order, and firm freedom. Where our lot is cast, the severity of the climate renders the struggle of life more arduous perhaps than it well coii- COll- iler II ' and oftho s and iver is ity of nmou Dt' the lore a from mbers steam nd the n R«- iness, usion, r own luman is the IWhi'n reneral pres- ?dotf; Ito the frost. Itate of Ian in- lirm llimate han it -73 — is in the western, and more tempeuite parts ol the Dominion. On the other hand we claim to possess physical advantage-* which go far to counterbalance the disadvantages which we labor under in other respects. I refer to the great maritime high w^ay to the ocean, and other high ways in process of construction, which, when completed, may tend to restore to our old city a great measure of its former im- portance, prosperity, activity and trade. Improvements are also in contemplation lor the preser- vation of our historic monuments, and the embellishment of the city by using elFectively the natural advantages of its site — blending the work of nature with that of art, for purposes of utility and adornment. These improv<3- ments we hope to see soon begun and completed. "We are indebted to our present distinguished Governor General of Canada for suggesting the improvements, and providing the plans, which if followed and realized, will render Quebec the most remarkable and probably the most interesting city on this continent. Let me add, that we are also indebted to our energetic and able Mayor, Owen Murphy, Esq., for seconding the efforts of His Excellency ; and to the Members of the Corporation and others for their cordial co-operalion in furtherance of the great object in view. T cannot close my remarks without acknowledging on behalf of the society, the receipt of a most interesting^sheet with our Mornini Chronicle on Xmas day, headed, " Que- bec Improvements, ' in w^hich the subject is remarkably well handled by the Editor. The typography of the sheet is perfect, and the illustrations are artistic and executed in good style — the whole reflecting in Unite credit upon the taste and enterprise of the proprietor of the paper. We thank him for it. The original plans, admirably designed — 74 — and executed by Mr. Lynn, the civil engineer employed by Lord Dufferin, are on the table in our library, and may be seen by any lady or gentleman desirous of examining them, I have now to acknowledge the services of many mem- bers and friends of the society who have contributed in various ways to the success of the celebration this evening ; and we are particularly indebted to one of our members, Captain Lampson, and to the artillerymen attached to the military store department, for the decorations in our library rooms. The principal of Morrin College kindly accorded us the use of the lecture room in which I have now the pleasure of addressing you ; and the beautiful banners with w^hich it is draped are the property of the St. Andrew's society of this city. Flags have been kindly le|^t to us by Messrs, Dinning & Webster, without which we should have made but a poor display of buntin in celebration of the centennial. It remains ^or me now only to thank you, Ladies and Gen- tlemen, for the pleasure your company has afforded us this evening ; and for the kind consideration you have shown in listening so attentively, and so patiently, to all we have told you to-night about so memorable an event in the his- tory of our country, as the defence of this fortress, on the 31st December, 1775. The company were then invited to view the sword of General Montgomery, suspendei with crape, under a star of bayonets, in the Library of the Society, after v/hich the guests were conducted to the Refreshment Rooms, where ice-creams, jellies, blanc manges, and other delicacies were provided for them. Music continued until the departure of the company. ed by ay be them, mem- ted in ning ; abers, to the ibrary corded )W the anners drew's • us bv should tion of d Gen- us this shown e have me bis- on the Nordi of r a star eh the where ^s were my — 75 — PJEtOOR A 313£Ii:. MEiiNGFS i •' British Grenadiers," J.UELANUES ^'Canadian Quadrilles," St. Germain Selection, "Scotch Airs," Wallace Selection, " Irish Airs," Sullivan TITE LA C.4\iDIEX.\E.~G0D SAVE THE QUEEN. The thanks of the Society were given to the Band for their kind services on the occasion — and the Bandsmen were invited to partake of refreshments. Thus passed a pleasant meeting commemorating a me- morable event in the History of Canada. The celebration of the Centenary at the Literary and Historical Society was followed by a similar demonstration at the Institut Canadien of Quebec, on the 30th, w hich went off wuth great eclat, and by a Ball at the Citadel, on the 31st, given by the Commandant, Colonel Strange, R. A., and Mrs. Strange, who entertained a large number of guests dressed in the costume of 1775. The following verses, contributed by a Montreal lady, were made an appropriate introduction to the festivities : LINES ON THE OEN-XEIQ-3SrX-A.Ij, 1775-1875. DEDICATED TO Lieut.-Colonel T. Bland Stuancie, COMMANnANT OK QUEBEC. Hark ! hark I the iron tongue of time Clangs forth " a hundred years," And Stadacona on her " heights " Sits shedding mournful tears 1 76 Oh ! spirits fled, oli ! lierou.- tkMil Oh! yc wori> slain formt', And I shall never cense to we(']>. Ah ! Wolfe, brave soul for tlice. Again the foe are made to know The Force of British steel ; Montgomery and his comrades bravo Fall 'ncath the cannon's jteal. Sudden she sprang upon her feet, AVith wild dishevelled hair — " What arc those sounds I hear so sweet Upon the trembling air? The frowning Citadel afar Is all ablaze with light. And martial notes, but not of war, Awake the slumbering night." Then on she sped, with airy flight, Across th" historic "plains," And there beheld a splendid sight - Vnlor with beauty reigns ! Where fearless farlcti-n stm d at buy ' A hundred years ir^". Vnder the gallant StriiDi^ ■'- sw.iy They still defy the foe. " My sons I my sons ! I see ye now. Filled with the ancient lires. Your manly features flashing foitli The spirit of your sires ! Yet here, surrounded by tlic flower Of Canada'.s fair dames, Ye arc as gentle in these bowers As brave amidst war's flames. Long may ye live to tell the tale Transmitted to your mind. And should again your country call Like valor she will And." !■;. L. .M. One hundred years have passed away, aid again soldiers and civilians in the costume of 1775 move about in the old fortress, some in the identical uniforms worn by their an- cestors at the time of the memorable repulse. -77- i The Commandant, in the uniform of his corps in 1775, and the ladies in the costume of the same period, received their guests as they entered the Ball-room — the approaches to which were tastefully decorated. Half way between the dressing* and receiving rooms is a noble double staircase, ihe sides of which are draped with Uoyal standards inter- mingled with the white and golden lilies of France, Our Dominion Ensign, and the stars and stripes of the neigh- bouring Republic, On either hand of the broad steps are stands of arms and warlike implements. Here too, facing one, when ascending the steps, is the trophy designed by Captain Larue of the " B " Battery. The huge banners fell in graceful folds about the stacks of musketry piled on the right and left above the drums and trumpets; from the centre w^as a red and blacK pennant (the American colors of 1775.) immediately underneath was the escutcheon of the United States, on which heavily craped, was hung the hero's sword — the weapon with which one hundred years before this night, Montgomery had beckoned on his men. Underneath this kindly tribute to the memory of the dead General, were the solemn prayerful initials of the iJtY/wim'fl/ in Pace. At the foot of the trophy were two sets of old Hint muskets and accoutrements, piled, and in the centre a brass cannon captured from the Americans in 1775, which bears the lone star and figure of an Indian — the i.ms of the Stat<* of Massachusetts. On either side of this historical tableau, recalling as it did, so vividly, the troublous times of long ago, telling the lesson so speakingly of the patience and pluck, the sturdy manhood and bravery of a century gone ])y, were stationed as sentries, two splendid specimens of the human race, stalwart giants considerably over six feet in height, who belonged ibrnu'riy to the i'amous Cent Gardes of Napoleon III, but now in the ranks of B. Battery. The stern iinpassivenoss ol tln'ir laces and the immobility of their figures were (juiie in keeping with the solemn trust they had to guard. -tg- Bancing commenced: dance succeeded dance, and the happy hours fle'v past till the midnight hour, which would add another year to our earthly existence. About that time there were mysterious signs and evidences that something unusual was going to happen. There ^ as a hurrying to and fro of the cognoscenti to their respective places, but so noiselessly and carefully were the preparations made for a coup de thiatre, that the gay throng who perpetually circu- lated through the rooms took little heed, when all of a sudden the clear clarion notes of a truinpet soundin^j thrilled the hearts of all present. A panel in the wainscoat- ing of the lower dancing room opened as if by magic, and out jumped a jaunty little trumpeter, with the slashed and decorated jacket and busby of a hussar. The blast he blew rang in tingling echofiS far and wide, and, a second later, the weird piping and drumming, in a music now strange to us, was heard in a remote part of the Barracks. Nearer and nearer every moment came the sharp shrill notes of the fifes and the quick detonation of the drum stick taps. A silence grew over the bright cortege, the notes of the band died away, the company clustered in picturesque groups around the stairs where was placed the thin steel blade, whose hilt one century gone by, was warmed by the hand of Mont- gomery. The rattle of the drums came closer and closer, two folding doors oi^ened suddenly, and through them stalked in grim solemnity the " Phantom Guard," led by the intrepid Sergeant Hugh McQuarters. Neither regard- ing the festive decorations, nor the bright faces around them, the guard passed through the assemblage as if they were not ; on through saloon and passage ; past Ball Room and conversation parlour, they glided with measured step pvA halted in front of the Montgomery trophy, and paid milittifv hjno^i to the momento of a hero's valiant — if un- succesislti act. Upon their taking close order, the Bomba- di»r, Ml act.iaiiy I'rm^i, who impf jsonated the dead Sergeant, and wore the pword and blood-stained belts of a VT^l — To- man who was killed in action in 1775, addressed Colonel Strange, who stood at the bottom of the staircase already mentioned, as follows : — "Commandant ! wc rise i'lom our graves to-uight, * On tho Centennial, of the glorious fight, At midnight, just one hundred years ago. We soldiers fought and boat the daring foe ; And kept our dear old flag aloft, unfurled. Against tho Armies of tho Western world. Although our bodies now should bo decayed, At this, our visit, be not sore dismayed ; (Jlad aic we to see our Fortress still defondcMl, By Canadians, Fronoh iind British bkiuled. But Colonel, now I'll tell you, why we've risen, From out of the bosom of the earth's cold prison — Wo ask of you to pay us one tribute, By firing from these heights, one lust salute." The grave sonorous words of the martial request were hardly uttered ere through tho darkness of the night, tho greaii cannon boomed out a soldier's welcome and a brave man's requiem — causing women's hearts to throb, and mcni's to exult at the warlike sound. "While the whole air Avas trembling with the sullen reverberation and the sky was illuminated with rockets and Roman candles. Colonel Strange responded to his ghostly visitant, in the following original composition : " 'Tis Hugh McQunrtcrs, and his comrades brave, To-night have risen from tlieir glorious grave — To you wo owe our standard still unfurled. Yet flaunts aloft defiance to tho world : (}()d grant in danger's hour wo prove as true, In duty's path, as nobly brave as you. This night wo pass, in rovcl, danco and song, The weary hours you watched so well and long, Mid storm and tempest met the battle shock. Beneath the shadow of the beetling rock ; When foemen found their winding sheet of snow, Where broad St. Lawrence wintry waters flow. a Boinbndier Dunn, who impersonated the d«ad sergeant, Hugh McQuarterJi it the author of these lines. 11 80 — Yus ! on- J - A-^^, y^^/^ A Xkir U^ja. '^' ough to L which Taken it, or as sides, it ^ l1, Hon. L which the 1st ag, and r mm^^iM^^ m^,'? -^'^St ^-^^-^'H^^^SW General Views cf Citadel and Chateau St. J itadel and Chateau St. Louis from St. Lawrence. tn Jl I , LO 1^ •.^lE i I per wo: rest Cor lluc que QUEBEC IMPuv/VlMENTS. The Fortress City of America, — -§ — QUEBEC AS IT WAS AND AS IT WILL BE. — § — LORD DUFFERIN'S PLANS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ITS HIS- TORIC MONUMENTS. ) EMflELMSllMKNT OF THE AXCIKNT CITY AND IMPROVEMENT OF IT-i NATURAL ADVANTAGES. § REVIVAL OF THE HISTORIC CASTLE OP ST. LOUIS. § s^lEflEl' TO BK THi: SIMMER KKSIDBXCE OF THE GOVERXOR (JEXERAI. OF C AX U)A. " Many a vanished year and age, And tompcst's oreath and battle's ragOj Have swept o'er Corinth ; yet she stands A fortress formed to Freedom's liands. The whirlwind's wrath, the earthquake's shock; Have U'l't untouehed lier hoary rock, Tlie key-stone of a land." — The Siege of Corinth. — Lord Bvuoxj It is scarcely necessary to point out to the reader how pertinently and forcibly these memorable lines apply to the world-renowned fortress of America. In natural situation e,nd varied history, there are so many strong points ot resemblance between the ancient city of Quebec and the Corinth which Lord Byron has immortalized in his melii- liuous and undying verse, that they must be our excuse for quoting tlie noble bard on the present occasion. This y^ ^^ \.\^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A 1.0 I.I ■A^ |Z8 12.5 |50 ^^" !■■ Ui Ui& 12.2 2f 144 "^ ^ U£ 12.0 u ii& IL25 i 1.4 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WEBSTIR.N.Y. USSO (716) S73-4S03 m\ 4 •\ ^ \\ i\ '^ > '^ %^^ u ~g2- OcCasion is specially one, "when, as a journal kaving at heart the advancement of the grand old place, the preservation of its peculiar character of interest to the world at large, and the enhancement of that veneration in which it is held all over the civilized globe, we deem it our duty to make ge- nerally public the enlightened measures of improvement and embellishment, coming from the very highest and most influential quarter in the country, of which Quebec may, in the poet's language, not be inaptly termed " the keystone," and which, when carried out, will not only preserve to the Gibraltar of America its historic landmarks, its interesting associations and traditions, and its exceptional character of quaintness and antiquity, but subserve the realization of those more modern ideas of progress, w^hich fail to see that it is much easier to tear down than to build up. For this commendable purpose, we have taken the trouble, at con- siderable expense, to present, to the friends of the Morning Chronicle on this Christmas morning, correct illustrations of the embellishments and improvements proposed and contemplated by His Excellency, the present able and dis- tinguished Governor General of Canada, for the idea of which the citizens of Quebec in particular, and the civilized world in general, cannot be too thankful to the noble lord, as well as for the hearty interest which he has ever taken in the ancient capital of New France, and all that concerns the welfare and prosperity of its people. To our kindred race in the neighboring republic, one in blood, as they are one in desire with us for the religious preservation of our historic monuments, we may specially commend the pre- sent subject ; and, in order that they may acquire a proper understanding of it, we quote from our columns, in the issue of the Quebec Morning Chronicle, of the 22nd November last : "If the scheme of city improvement and embellishment submitted by his Excellency the Governor-General, for the consideration of the City Council, and briefly outlined in our issue of Saturday, may be said to have* taken the citi- zens somewhat by surprise, we believe we are correct in interpreting the popular feeling on the subject, when we state that the inhabitants of the ancient capital are, and will ever be deeply grateful to Lord Dufierin for the deep and continuous interest which he takes in Quebec, the flattering — 8S- J)refereilce he shows for it on all occasions, and the present signal manifestation of his good will and desire to promote its importance by the 'enhancement of its historic and scenic attractions, without very materially adding to the burthens of its tax-paying population. It surely must be a subject of general pride and congratulation to find such distinguished and influential patronage extended to our good old city, and to look forward to the prospect of future advantage which support in such a quarter is certain to open up for it. There is no denying that if the scheme proposed by His Excellency be carried out in its entirety, in connection with other improvements actually in contem- plation, Quebec will not only have its modern requirements more than satisfied, but will become the show city of this continent, to which thousands of strangers will annually flock to view a grandeur of scenery unsurpassed on this side of the Atlantic, conjointly with the relics of an event- ful and heroic past for which the outside world has a spe- cial veneration. Familiarity, it has been truly said, breeds contempt, and this self-same familiarity with our crumbling fortifications has engendered among ourselves an under- estimate of the value attached by strangers to them, and to the other mementoes of by-gone days, which abound in our midst. Not altogether improperly, outsiders regard Quebec as common property, a bit of the old world trans- ferred to the new, tucked away carefully in this remote corner of the continent, and to be religiously preserved from all inonoclastic desecration, especially from that phase of the latter, which goes by the name of modern improvement with some, but passes for wanton vandalism with others. They wish to have to say still of Quebec at the present day, as Longfellow sang of Nuremberg, that it is a — '• Quaint old town of toil and traffic, (juaint old town of art and song, Memories liiiunt thy pointed gables, Like tlio rooks tlmt romul them throng." In addition to being the oldest city in North America, Quebec, historically speaking, is also the most interesting. The traditions and associations, which cling to its beetling crags and hoary battlements, and cluster around its battle- fields, monuments and institutions, are numerous and im- portant in the eyes of the world. History speaks from --84 every stone of its ruined walls, and from eVery standpoint of its surroundings ; antiquity is stamped upon its face, and quaintness is its chief characteristic. In the computation of our yearly income, the revenue we derive from these attractions, coupled with those supplied by the magnificent panorama of Nature with which the citjr is encircled, forms no inconsider«,ble item. We imagine it will not be denied by any rational person that the stream of travel which tends this way with the return of each line season, as surely as that season itself, is an immense advantage to the totality of the inhabitants, for it is a well recognized truth that where any special class, trade or calling in a com- munity is benefitted, the whole are benefitted by the in- crease of the circulating medium. It is therefore a self evident duty on our part to do all we reasonably can to pre- serve to Quebec its character of interest and an^quity, which is much prized by the rest of the world, and is so valuable in a material point of view to ourselves. We should also, if possible, exert ourselves in the same direc- tion to so enhance, by artificial means, the splendid scenic advantages we offei to admiring sight-seers, that like the Neapolitans, when they speak of Naples to the European traveller, we may tell the American to see Quebec and die. At the same time such modern improvements as can be effected without serious detriment to our historical monu- ments, such as our gates and ramparts, should not be neg- lected, to advance the growth and embellishment of the city and to facilitate communication betw^een its older and newer parts. This is just what Lord Dufferin's plans and views with regard to Quebec propose to do. We have been favored with a sight of the admirably executed plans and designs, prepared by Mr. Lynn, the eminent civil engineer commissioned by Lord Dufferin to carry out his intentions, and who, it will be remembered, accompanied His Lord- ship and the Minister of Militia last summer on their exa- mination of the military works and grounds. It will also be recalled that it was with considerable reluctance that His Excellency consented at all to the removal of the old gates and the cutting through of the walls on the western side of the fortress, and that it was only his well-known consideration for the wishes and requirements of the people of Quebec that induced him to concur in the demand for increased facility of communication between the city and it s ii ti tl n ov ir( ca in as — 85 — its suburbs. According to Mr. Lynn's plans, it is easy to see that His Excellency still adheres to his original ideas in the matter, to some extent, while desiring at the same time to meet the popular wish and necessity. It is proposed that all the gates, with the exception of Hope Gate, or rather the present apertures, are to be bridged or arched 09 CO B CO over, in viaduct fashion, with handsome bridges either in iron or stone, so as to preserve the continuity of the fortifi- cations. In this way, the openings in the ramparts, includ- ing that for the extension of Nouvelle street, will remain as free to traf&c as they are at present. St. John's Gate is, — 86 — of course, included with the others iu this category. All the bridges or arches over the gates will be flanked with picturesque Norman turrets, of different size and design, such as are frequently seen in old French and Grerman castles. Hope Gate, it is contemplated simply to flank with such turrets, some twelve more of which will also at different other points adorn and relieve the monotonous effect of the long dead line of wall from Palace Gate to the Parliament Buildings. His Excellency next proposes a bou- ti tl c< e: w pi« i Im'.i.: Hope Hiil. levard or continuous drive around the entire fortifications, commencing at the Durham Terrace, which he wishes to have prolonged westwards to the King's Bastion, and thus make it one of the most magnificent promenades in the world, with an unequalled view of river, mountain, crag and island scenery, and taking in both the upper and lower portions of the harbour. Thence the boulevard will con- tinue, rising by an easy incline to the foot of the Citadel, and thence will run along the crest of the cliff at the foot of the walls round to the rough ground or Cove field, through sa hi ai A th c< V ry. All 3d with design, aerman to flank 1 also at otonous e to the s a bou- cations, ishes to id thus I world, ig and lower ill con- I^itadel, he foot hrough -87- which it will be carried, following the line of the fortifica- tions, crossing St. Louis street and entering the Glacis on the north side of that thoroughfare ; the square of which comprised between St. Louis street, St. Eustache street, the extension of Nouvelle street and the walls, His Excellency wishes to have formed into a park or ornamental pleasure C0 CO ground, communicating with the Esplanade by means of a sally-port through the rampart. Through this park, the boulevard will be continued down across St. John street and around through the garders and grounds of the Artillery Barracks, to Palace Gate, crossing in its passage three other openings in the fortification 'wall to give direct communication with the city to D'Aiguillon, Richelieu and 12 Z' — 88 — »St. Olivier siroets, such openings being bridged ore.r in the same fashion as the others. From Pahice Gate the boule- var«l ^vill I'ollow the jiresent hne oi' Rampart street round lo the Parliament Buildings, in rear of which it will i>ass. and then traverse Mountain Hill over a handsome iron bridge Hanked with turrets, on the site of old Preseott Gale, to Fortilication Lane, in rear of the Post Ollice, which will be enlarged and grad(^d up, back again to the Durham Terrace or original point of departure, thus making a con- Artillery Store— Palace Gate. tinuous, unbroken circuit ot the entire for tilicat ions, and providing a public promenade that will undoubtedly bo unsurpassed by anything of the sort in the world, and cannot fail to attract thousands of profitable visitors to Quebec. The cost of the undertaking would not be so enormous, as might appear at first sight. It is estimated that His Excellency's capital idea in this respect could be carried X e 'e3 o the abode of the representative of royaUy in Canad:i. at least during" the summer season, and, in order rhat it should enjoy to the fullest all the importance and material bcndit likely to llow from this circumstances, he further proposes to have a regular and fitting vice regal residence erected lor / — 90 — himself on the Citadel, to be styled the Castle of St. Louis or Chateau St. Louis, and to revive the ancient splendors of that historic residence of the early governors of New France. "We have also seen the plans and sketches of this building and must admit that, if constructed, it will of itself materially enhance the appearance of Quebec, and, when CO 3 cd a> ^-« ce u taken in conjunction with the proposed new Parliamentary and Departmental buildings and new Court House, will contribute largely to the scheme of the city embellishment. As Quebec is approached by water or from any point whence the Citadel is visible, it will be a striking object, as it will V — 91 — )rs of ance. Iding itself when to ft 1 lentary e, will iment. rhence lit will stand forth in bold relief to the East of the present officers* quarters, with a frontage of 200 feet and a depth partly of 60 and partly of 100 feet, with a basement, two main storeys and attics, and two towers of different heights, but of equally charming design. The style of architecture is an agreeable " melange " of the picturesque Norman and Elizabethan. The intention is, we believe, to have the quoins and angle stones of cut stone and the filling in of rough ashlar — the old stone from the fortifications being utilized for that pur- pose. The estimated cost of the structure is $100,000 ; but we have not heard whether the city will be asked to con- tribute to it. We are inclined, however, to think not, as it would be solely a Dominion work, for Dominion purposes, and erected upon Dominion property. Such, as far as we understand it, from the plans, is Lord Dufierin's very excellent and praiseworthy project for the improvement and embellishment of Quebec, and we are satisfied that as His Lordship appears to have made up his mind in its favor, it will not fail to be carried out in due time. As to when it will be commenced, of course, we are not in a posi- tion to speak ; but when it does, the expenditure of money it will entail and the employment it wiU give to the labour- ing classes and tradesmen generally, apart from any other of the favourable considerations we have pointed out, will be very opportune and acceptable to the people of the an- cient capital. In bringing the matter forward so promi- nently. Lord Dufierin has done a great thing for Quebec, for which its inhabitants cannot thank him too warmly. It only remains for the city to meet his generous proposi- tion in a like spirit of liberality, and it will go hard with old Stadacona if, between the North Shore Railway, the graving dock, the tidal docks, the harbor improvements of all kinds, and the proposed new buildings for the Legisla- ture, public departments and the law courts, the condition of its people be not before long materially bettered and the appearance of things considerably improved. We should, perhaps, add that in the general scheme of Corporation improvements, in addition to those mentioned in our report of the City Council in Saturday's issue, are included the project of a stairs, leading directly from St. George Street, on the ramparts, to Sault-au-Matelot street, in the vicinity of the Quebec Bank, which would obviate the present tedious detour for foot passengers by Mountain Hill ; of a — 92 — street parallel to St. Paul street, and of all elevator lot* vehicles and foot passengers from iho Ghamplain Market up the Cliff and underneath Durham Terrace to the North end of the Laval Normal School." For the information of oiitsider.s, we may add that since the above was written, the City Council of Quebec has nol only responded nobly to His Excellency's suggestions, bul the Local Government has gone a step further and made provision, as far as comes within its purview, to co-opt'rale in carrying out of fjord Duft'erin's admirable designs. It is scarcely necessary on this occasion, to recall the eventful history of Quebec, but, as the present year brluiis about a memorable anniversary, interesting alike to our- selves and to our republican neighbors, it may be well to allude to it. "We refer to the centennial of the death, at tlit^ very portals of this fortress, of a gallant foe, the American General Montgomery. It is not our desire by any means to rekindle the rancors and strifes of that distant pi'riod ; and, to i^rove this, on the 31st of December instant, exactly one hundred years since Arnold and Montgomery Avere thundering at our gates, and the latter was shedding his life-blood amid the snows at Pres-de-Ville, the military au- thorities — descendants of the men who so bravely with- stood the attack — and the citizens of Quebec generally, intend to commemorate in becoming manner the important event. There, commingling together in perfect harmony, will be found the representatives of the two great mother nations, who contended so long and so bitterly for sover- eignty in the New "World, as well as of that young, but vi- gorous ofi'shoot of Great Britain, Avhich is now personified in the United States. Beneath the folds of the flag of England, all these will join to do honor to the memory of a brave man, who, although a foe, was not the less an estimable gentleman and a gallant soldier. On such an occasion, it is needless to i^oint out the additional interest with which Quebec will be invested. It would be superfluous also to more than briefly advert to the main facts in the history of the oldest city of America, from the days when Jacques Cartier first discovered the country, and Champlain planted the cross of Christianity on the l)anks of the mighty St. Lawrence, down through the eventful vears, when the — 08 — younj^ and 8truggli!ii»' colony luul to})iittlo lor dear Hie with the ^ ai^e Iroquo' j, when the power oi' France was laun- ched forth from its battlements to harass the New Engiand colonies, or to hurl deliance at Britain's attempts at conquest from the mouths of Fronteuac's cannon, down to the days when Wolfe and Montcalm struggled for the mastery, with so fatal an ending for both these illustrious men and one so disastrous to France's tenure of pow^er on this side of the Atlantic — down, we may add, to our own less troublous and remarkable times. ui fland, The limits of our present sp-M-o ^v•ill not permit our enter- ing- into such details just now ; but avo may simply remind the reader thai, from a military point of view, Quebec has been ever rej^afded as cccupyinu- the strongest natural posi- tion, next to Gibraltar, in the entire a\ orld. Hence the con- tinued and sanguinary strugule for its possession between two of the greatest nations olthe old world, and, latter on, between Great Britain and the States of the American Union. It has in its day successfully and unsuccessfully withstood many sieges, now at the hands of the savage aborigines of the country, and now at those of their more civilized brethren. From its foundation down to a century ago, its history has been mainly characterized by warfare and bloodshed, stirring events of ilood, and Held, and military glories, which are alike claimed by the descendants of two great races, who form its present population. Turning from t his aspect of the ancient city, it must also be Temembered that for two centuries it was the cite whence France exer- cised an astonishing sovereignty over a gigantic territory extending from the Gulf of St. liawrence, along the shores of thdt noble river, its magnificent lakes, and down the Mis- sissippi to its outlet below New Orleans ; and, whence, in the assertion'of the supremacy of the Gallic lily, the mission- ary pioneered the path of the soldier, in those benevolent plans for the religious instruction and conversion of the savages, which at one time distinguished the policy of the early Governors of Nevv France. In fine, as we have already stated, history speaks from every stone of its frown- ing battlements, from every tortuous winding of its anti- quated streets, from the number and age of its institutions of religion, charity and education, from its quaint buildings, and generally from the many monuments and relics of an — 94 — eventful past, which crowd each other within its hoary walls. All these it is the commendable desire of Lord Dufiferin not only to carefully preserve, but to improve as far as possible, without obstructing the growth and advanced ideas of modem Quebec, as will be more readily gathered from the illustrations of his designs which we present to our readers this morning, hoping with all our heart to see them carried out at an early date, so that we may still further strengthen the claim of the interesting and venerable city of Cham- plain to its present device — Natura fortis, induUria crescit. THE OLD FORTIFICATIONS OF aUEBEC. i By J. M. LgMoine, Author op "Maple Leaves." One is safe in dating back to the founder of the Ciiy, Ghamplain, the first fortifications of Quebec. The Chevalier de Montmagny, his successor, added to them, and sturdy oid Count de Frontenac, improved them much, between 1690 and 1694. Under French rule, Le Vasseur, de Calliere, de Lery, Le Mercier, Pontleroy, either carried out their own views as to outworks or else executed the plans devised by the illustrious strategist Yaubau. The historian Charlevoix thus describes, in 1720, what the fortifications were in 1711 : t^^^ >h " Quebec is not regularly fortified, though, for a long time past, efforts have been ■ade t* turn it into a strong place. The town, even with its present defences, cannot easily be taken. The port is provided with two bastions, which in the high tides are nearly flush with the water : that is, about twenty-five feet above low water mark. During the Equinox, the tide reaches to this height. A little above the bas- tion, he right, a half-bastion has been constructed, which runs into the rock, and higher up, next to the Gallery of the Fort, there are twenty-five pieces of cannon, forming a battery. A small square fort, which goes under tlie name of the Citadel, is higher up, and the paths from one fortification to the other arc very steep. On the left side of the port, along the shore, until the River St. Charles, there arc good ba^ teries of guns and a few mortars. From the angle ef the Citadel, facing the city, an oreillon of a bastion has been oonstructed, from wbioh a curtain extends at right angles, which communicates with a very elevated cavalier, on which stands a fortified wind-mill. As you descend from — 95 — iry walls. flferin not possible, ideas of from the LT readers n carried Tengthen of Cham' I crescit. {EC. the fcAiy, Chevalier sturdy Oixi 7eeiL 1690 Calliere, their own evised by 20, what jrts have been lent defences, li in the high ove low water tbove the bas- the rock, and ses of cannon, f the Citadel, teep. On the are good bas- tion has bean unieates with descend from this cavalier, ami at the distan. musket shot from it, you meet first a tower flanked with a bastion, and at the same distance from it, a second. The design wan to line all this with stone, which was to hare had the same angles with the bastions, and to have terminated at the extremity of the rock, opposite t* the Palace, where thpre is already a small redoubt, as well as one on Cape Diamond. Such was the state (*t' the fortifications at Quebec in 1711« Such they are this year (1720), as may be .seen by the plan in relievo that Mr. Chanssegros de L^ry, Chief Engineer, sends this yeur home (to France), to be deposited with other plans in the Louvre. In fact, the Kin<; )iad been so pleased with this plan, that he sent out instructions, and the works were begun in June, 1720. The fortifications commenecd at the Palace, on the shore of the Little River St. Charles, and ended towards the Upper Town (the city walls then mvst have extended a little this side of St. Ursule Street), 'which they encircled and terminated at the heights, towards Cape Diamond. From the (Intendant's) Palace, along the bench, a palisade had been erected, up'to the Seminary fence (in Sault-au-Matelot quarter), wliAre it closed in at the inaccessible rocks called the Sault-au-3iaielot^ where there was a three gun battery. There was also above this, a second palisade, terminating ut the same point. The entrances to the city, where there were no gates, were pro- tected by beams across and hogsheads filled with earth, instead of gabions, crowned by small field pieces. The circuitous path from the Lower to the Upper Town, was inter- cepted by three different intrenchments of hogsheads and bags of earth, with a spccico oi ehevaux de/ri$e. In the course of the siogo, a second battery was constructed at the Sault-au-Matelot, and a third at the gate (Palace Gate,) which leads to the St- Charles. Finally, some small pieces of ordinance had been mounted about the Upper Town, and specially on a declivity, where a wind-mill had been erected as a cavalier — (oB Mount Carmel, in rear of the old Military Hospital.) The city had but three gates under French dominion : ^'t. Louis, St. JeBn^ and Palace. General James Murray J ^cords in his diary of the Siege, the care with which on "'\i 5th May, 1760, he had Palace gate closed, " Palais gate was shut up all but the wicket." Traces of the old French works are still plainly visible near the Martello Tower, in a line with Pereault's Hill, north of them. Under English rule, it will thus appear that the outer walls were much reduced. • " Cette mfime anuuj (1694), on fit une redoubte au Cap au Diamand, un fort au Chateau, et los deux portes Saint Louis et Saint Jean. ..La m6me ann^e (1702) on commonca les fortifications de Quebec, sur les plans du Sieur Levasseur, qui out quelque discussion avec M. Le Marquis de Crisasy, qui, pour lors eommandait a la place." (Relation de 1C82-1712, publide par la SociiU Littfraire et Htntorlque.) 13 -DC- I c \' PRESCOTT GATE, DEMOLISHED, AUGUST, 1871. General Eobert Prescott, had the lower town gate which bears his name, erected about 1797, and the outer adjoining masonry. Judging from an inscription on the wall to the west of the gate, additions and repairs seem to hare been made here in 1815. A handsome chain gate intercepting the road to the citadel, was erected under the administration of the Earl of Dalhousie in 1827 — also the citadel gate which is known as Dalhousie Gate. On the summit of the citadel, is erected the Flag Staff, wherefrom streams the British Flag, in longitude 7 1*' 12' 44" west of Greenwith, according to Admiral Bayfield ; 71° 12' 15" 5. o. acccording to Com- mander Ashe. It was by means of the halyard of this Flag staff, that General Theller and Colonel Dodge in October, 1838, made their escape from the citadel, where these Yankee sympathisers were kept prisoners. They had pre- viously set to sleep the sentry, by means of drugged porter, when letting themselves down with the flagstaff rope, they escaped out of the city despite all the precautions of the Commandant Sir James MacDonnell, a Waterloo veteran. 1/ 1 1 y — 97 — ^' HOPE GATE. The following inscription on Hoi)e G-ate describes when it was erected ; HENRICO HOPE Copiarum Duco et provinciao sub piulocto Protegente et adjuvanto Extructa, Gcorgio III, Regi nostro, Anno XXVI et salutis, 1786. The martello Towers, named from their inventor in Enj^land, Col. Martello, date from 1805. They were built under Col. (Greneral) Brock, and their erection, superintended by I^t. By,* afterwards the well known Lt. Col. By, the builder of the Eideau Canal in 1832, and founder of Bytown, (now Ottawa.) 'Lieutenant By during the period, 1805-10 had two Su])erior Offlcors at Quobnc — Colonel Oother Mann, who was succoodod hy Lieut.-Colonel R, H, Brujeius.— ^ea yLotg&n^a Celebrated Canadiani, 9B — From an entry in ihe unpublished diary of the late Mr. James Thompson, overseer of Military Public Works at Quebec, in 1786, this inscription would be due to the action of the French Canadian citizens of Quebec, in appreciation of the condescension of General Hope in granting: them a city gate at this spot. " September 9tli, 1786. Weather pleasant. The people omplojed as yestordiiy. " This afternoon the masons finished laying the Facia to the gate. I think it was " high time, tho' in fact it could bo no sooner reasonably expected, not only from the " liiinds wc have got, but from our not having cut stone ready before Iiand to bring us •• forward. Wo have seven hands at it, four of them are artillery men who can *' hardly be called half bred masons, and one of our three civilians is only a stone •' liiycr. Thus, when we have a course of stones cut wo lay it, and set to cutting •• iuiothcr, which makes the work exceedingly tedious. I am persuaded it will take •• UH till .some time in November, before wo can close the pedement. Tho French in- " liabitants, in compliment to tho commander in chief have requested to nave .s(inu>- "' thing inscribed on a stone in this pediment to perpetuate his memory for his readi- " ncss in condescending to give the people a Qate in this quarter." The citadel was substituted to the detached works raised at different times by the French. The imperial Govern- ment in 1823, carried on the magnificent but costly system of defensive works, approved of by His Grace the Duke of Wellington.! r + •• The fortifications of Quebec " says W. J. Anderson, " are well worthy of special attention. Originating three centuries ago from the necessity of protecting the few inhabitants from tho sudden and sooret attacks of the Iro(j[Uois : from their small beginning in 1535, they eventually attainod such vast proportions as to make Quebec be styled the Gibraltar of America. R!!(!ently very great changes have been effected, in the first place arising from the great changes in the military art ; in "the second place from the new puliey of tho imperial Government, which has withdrawn every soldier. Prescott and St. Louis ■rates have been removed during the past autumn (1871) and other still greater cliangos have been talked of, but this will diminish very little the interest of tlio Tourist, who unless informed of the fact, would not be aware of the removal of tlie gates ; the remaining fortifications are in themselves a sight not to be seen elsewhere on this continent. Tho fortifications now consist of those of the city proper, the AHvitut City, and of tho independent fortalise of tho Citadel, which though within tho City walls, is complete in itself — Tho ramparts and bastions form a circuit of the extent of two miles and three quarters, but if the line is drawn without the outworks would be increased lo three miles. The Citadel occupies about forty acres. In order to inspect the works to most advantage, tho visitor is recommended to proceed from his hotel up St. Louis street, and turning up tho road between the Gate and the office of Engineers, ascend by its winding. The first thing that will attract his attention on arriving at tho outworks, is the Chain Gatf, passing through which and along the ditch ho will observe the ;a8emated JJalhomie liastion, and reaching Dalhoime Oat* lio will find that it is very massive and of considerable depth, us it contains tho (juard-rooms. Passing through, a spacious area is entered forming a parade ground. On tho right hand, there are detached buildings— amunition stores and armoury — On the south, the bomb proof hospital and officers quarters overlooking thi- St. Lawrene*, — 99 V 1 '■ Charles "Watterton % on his Aisit to Quebec, in 1824, viewing the magnificent citadel with a prophetic eye, askw whether the (quotation from Virgil is not applicable. jSf c voiy non vobis The stone for this grand undertaking was conveyed from river craft in the St. Lawrence beloAV, by machinery, on an inclined plane of which the remains are still extant. ST. LOUIS GATE, DEMOLISHED, AUGUST, 1871. St. Louis gate was originally built in 1694 ; it underwent considerable changes, until it received in 1823 its present and on thu Town Bide, the Bastions with their ouHomated barracks, commodiouSj and comfortable, the loop holes intended for the discharge of musketry, from within, serving to admit light and air— from the Bastion to the Flag Staff, the Citadel is xeparatod from the Town by a deep ditch and steep and broad ;/lacis — At the Guard House at Dalhoimc Oatp, a soldier is detached to accompany visitors, who genernlly carries them along theoirouitpointingouttho most striking features of the fortr« ^^ — The view from the Flag Staff is very grand, but it is recommended that the visitor on i Wattorton's Wanderings. — 100 — appearance. It might have been, not improperly, called " The Wellington Grate," as it forms part of the plan of defence selected by the Iron Duke. An old plan of de Lery, the French engineer, in 1751, exhibits there, a straight road, such as the present ; there, from 1823 to 1871, existed the labyrinth of turns so curious to strangers and so inconvenient for traific. PALACE GATE. Palace gate was erected under French rule, and Murray, after his defeat, at Ste. Foye, 28th April, 1760, took care to secure it against the victorious Levi. In 1791, it was re- ported in a ruinous condition and was restored in its pre- sent ornate appearance, resembling, it is said, one of the gates of Pompeii, about the time the Duke of Wellington gare us our citadel and walls. arriving at the weetern anglo overlooking the St. Lawrence, should place himself on the Prineet' Stand indicated by a stone on which is sculptured the " Prince's Feather," and ther* feast his eyes on — the wondrous beauties of the scone. Should time permit, the armoury is well worthy of inspection — Returning, the visitors, if pedestrians, should ascend the ramparts, 25 feut high, on which will be found a covered way, ex- \) / hai fam ■ for( east vail \ it, 1 its < Bea ruir and said bee reqi dur F t — 101 — called Ian of 1751, there, nrious irray, lare co ras re- aself on kather," I permit, (strians, ray, ex- THE FRENCH SHIELD OP 1759. On one of the three city Gates existing at Quebec in 1759 (probably the most fashionable and most used under French rule — Palace Gate) was hung the trophy f shown above. tending from the Citadel, and passing over St. Louis and St. John's, Oates to the Artillery Barracks, a distance of 1837 yards, occupied by bastions, connected With curtains of solid masonry, and pierced at regular intervals with sally ports. This forms a delightful promenade furnishing, ospeoially at St. John's Qate, a series of very fine views. The Artillery Barracks, at the south west comer of 'the fortifications, overlook the valley of the St. Charles. Part of the buildings, which are extensive, was erected by the French in 1750 ; they arc surrounded by fine grounds. Lately a very handsome additional barrack was erected for the use of the married men and their families. The French portion is two stories high, about six hundred feet in length, by forty in depth. They are now vacant. From the Artillery Barracks the walls, loopholed and embrasured, extend to the eastward and are pierced by Palace and Hope Gates, both of which lead to the valley of the St. Charles. The first. Palace Gate, was one of the three original Gates of the City, and through it, a great portion of Montcalm's army passing in by St. John's and Lonis Qates, after its defeat on the plains, went out again, and crossed by the Bridge of Boats to the Beaupurt camp. The Palace, St. John's and St. Louis gates were reported in such a ruinous condition in 1791, that it became necessary to pull them down successively and rebuild them. The present Palace Gate is not more than forty years old, and is said to resemble one of the gates of Pompeii. The handsome gate of St. John has been built, within a very few years ; not that the old gate was in ruin but to meet the requirement of the times. St. Loui^ Gate for the same reason was wholly removed during the past year. From Palace Gate, the wall extends to Jlojic Qate, a, distance of three hundred t This antiquarian discovery is due to the researches of Mr. J. M. O'Leary Ottawa. — 102 — The shield is surmounted with a crown. In the centre there are three /ewrs de lis. The following inscription ap- pears on a tablet, beneath it, in the Town Hall of Hastings : " This shield was taken off ono of the gates of Quohec at the time that a conquest was made of that city by His Majesty's soa and land forces, in the memorable year 1769, under the commands of Admirals Saunders and Holmes and the Oenorals Wolfe, Monkton, Townsend and Murray, which latter being appointed the first British Gov- ernor thereof, made a present of this trophy of war to this corporation (the city or town of Hadtings,) whereof he, at that time, was ono of the Jurats." In a topographical description of the town of Hastings, in Sussex, England, inserted in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1786, the first allusion is thus made to the Shield : " The Town Hall, over the market place, is a modem building, erected in 1700. In a frame hung up in it, is a long list of its Mayors, the first of which was sworn as such in tho year 1560, before which time a bailiff was the chief magistrate : the list commences in 1500. Near it the Arms of France is fixed, largely carved in wood, and painted in proper colour, with embellishment, and was presented to the corporation by one of the oflScers (a Jurat of Hastings) who was at the reduction (>f Quebec, where it wns fixdd over one of the Gates of the city, all of which is insuribed on a tablet under the ar^s." . ...... ^ . \ In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1792, appears the fol- lowing letter, dated 20th January : " The shield was taken from one of the Gates of Quebec, in 1769, and was presented by General Murray to the Corporation of Hasting. As this trophy recalls a feat of arms ^o illustrious, and equally honorable to the General who presented, the insertion of this letter in your Magazine, will oblige. . Your humble Servant. LiNCOLXEXSIS." Mr. James Thompson, as overseer of Works, in 1775, was instructed to erect palisades at the avenues, which led into the city, where Prescott Gate w^as since erected ; the object of these defences being to keep out Colonel Benedict yards. Hope Gate was built in 1786; all the approaches are strongly protected, and from its position on the rugged lofty cliff, it is very strong. At Hope Gate, the ground which had gradually sloped from the Citadel begins to ascend again, and the wall is continued from it, to the turning point at Sault-au-Matelot, between which and the Parliament House, is the Grand Battery of tvrenty -{oat, i2 pounders and fourmortarn, This Battery is two hundred feet above the St. Lawrence, and from its platform, as Weil as from the site of the Parliament House, another magnificent prospect is obtained. Immediately under the Parliament House, which is built on the command- ing site of the ancient Bishop's Palace, was, the last year, Preseott Gate, protected on either side by powerful outworks. This gate was built in 1797, while General Prescott was in command, and like St. Louis Gate was removed, for the accommodation of the public. From Preseott Gate the wall extends to Durham Terrace, the rampart or foundation wall of which, was the foundation of the Castle of St. Louis. This famed building, founded by Champlain in 1623, had continued to be the residence of all the future Governors of Canada." V centre ion ap- ings : % conquest rable year ■als Wolfe, ritish (lov- ihc city or astings. agazine d: 1700. In a i Buch in the unicnccs iii painted in 1 by one of heiL' it wax t under tlic the fol- 13 presented feat of anni rtion of thif LNBNSIS. ' in 1775, hich led ed; the Benedict >tected, and the ground the wall is ich and the >ur mortars, platform, as [prospect is command- le, protected |ile General immodation :he rampart This famed ■e of all the — 103 — Arnold, Brig.-General Richard Montgomery, and all other marauders. Palace Gate, though a pet, gate lor strangt'rs, is doomed, we fear, as well as Hope Uate. * It is to be hoped that St. John's Gate will be spared. " In the course of the 4etnolilion of the city gates it was to have been expected that corner stones or inscriptions of historical value would have turned up xoiuowhere, but the search has so far been productive of little result. At Hope (late this spring, (1874) a stone with a plate and Latio inscription was found, luppohod to contain a deposit of coins, &c. This was donated by the contractors to J. M. LoMoine, IJsquirc, who had it placed in the City Hall for inn-tection by the authorities, previons to its removal to his museim at Spencer Uran<;e. lo-day the contractor Mr. i'iton'M men in breaking up the heavy old timber doors of I'aluce Uate, found the following inscription between the inner planks. " Those Gates were made in I8,S1 by William McKoown, Robert Milburn, William Presston; W. Periston, master carpeator ; \Vm. Mountain, Hupcrinteiuitnt : This thing (the inscription?) by Wm. MoKeown, of the County Armagh, In.i'ind." - (Quebec JHereury.) ST. JOHN'S GATE, DEMOLISHED, 1865. * Both were razed. 14 — 104 — In 1694, St. Johns Gate was first raised in stone. Doubt- less the old gate which escaped until 1865, exhibited in the following view, formed part of the Wellington Fortifica- tions of 1823. — In 1865, it being quite too narrow for the purposes of traffic, it was razed and the present handsome Gate, with four openings, the design of wliieh had been approved of by the English War Office, put up at a cost of $40,000. All it now requires is a statue of the founder of the city, to crown this structure. The modern style of warfare has of course rendered it necessary to adapt the defences of cities accordingly. "* The marvellous Point© Levi casemates and Forts have restored Quebec, to the proud position it occupied thirty years ago ; it is still, notwithstanding its changes, the Gibraltar of North America. Quebec, let August, 1871. Doubt- in the rtifica- for the idsome i been cost of nder of iered it jr The restoied ITS ago ; raltar of '