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 23 WIST MAIN STRKT 
 
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 A N 
 
 
 A CJC O U NT 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 RISEand PROGRESS 
 
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 OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN WAR. 
 
 EXTRACTED from a late AUTHOK 
 
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 THE FOURTH E wi^' I O N. 
 
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 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 A N attempt has been made, in the H- 
 
 •^ -^ of C n«, to eftablifh the following 
 
 proporuluui, : — That the revolted Colonics are 
 naturally fo ftrong, as to be impracticable by 
 war, — that their inhabitants are almoft univer- 
 fally dirafrc<5t'.'d to the Britifh Government,— 
 and that the force fent over to fupprefs the re- 
 bellion has been, by nc means, equal to the ob- 
 je£l. 
 
 This attempt, as Toon as made, appeared to 
 the Writer of the following Pages to involve 
 feveral matters of the utmoft confequence to the 
 nation.— It was intended to conceal from the 
 p iblic eye the ihameful mifcondu(Sl: of the A- 
 merican war, — ^to place to the account of Ad- 
 
 m n all the national misfortunes, which 
 
 were founded only in that mifcondu<St, — to prove 
 that the rebellior. cannot be fuppreflcd by the 
 
 3 2 force 
 
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 .^orceiyfthU country }---<tnd^v^l||^rie, to dc- 
 
 * morrftrate the difgraceful neccflity of fuftering 
 
 two thirds of the Britifh territory to be difmem- 
 
 beced by rebellion from the dominion of, the 
 
 ftate. 
 
 J 1.1 J *■ ' 
 
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 To prove the reverfe of thefe propofitions 5 
 to .pUce the prefent national danger to the ac* 
 ^94i^t;pf tjipfe tb \?^1^<)|^ jP9i^i^of^ '^W^ 
 'AVitb JAi&ke imputed, and' to '^xpo^e to f)tib1rt: 
 .vjew an attempt fo incQj:]^ij(lent with the iirfety 
 
 .«f the empire, 
 
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 A N 
 
 ACCOUNT of the WAR, &c. 
 
 I PUR POSE to communicate my ftnfiments af 
 the rtrength and practicability of the Middle 
 iiolonies where the late military operations have 
 been carried.on,— -of the difpofition of the people,, 
 in general, in the revolted Colonies^— and of the 
 Condudlof thewar in New Jerfey and Pennfylva* 
 Bia. Thefe are matters which intimately concern 
 the public welf.re, and with which the whole na- 
 tion, who have expended- many millions in that war,, 
 ought to be perfectly acq^uainted. And' of thefe I 
 0iall fpeak without any other reftraint than that 
 which is impofed by candor and truth.. 
 
 I, That part of the Middle CiJlonies w^rch has 
 been the fcene of the late military operations, can- 
 not, in the military fenfQ of the words^ be called 
 uncommonly llrong, much lefs imprafticable. Thefe 
 operations have been chiefly confined between the 
 mountain? ajid the lea coaft fouthwaid of New York.. 
 Jn that part the hiHs ar«; by no means high or diffi- 
 cult of accefs. And there ace few of. them which 
 do not afford an eafy afcent either, on one fide or the 
 •ther.. Yery. unlike this country, whv'cre numerous 
 hedges and- highi dykes form- many bulwarks, for a^ 
 ttme, prooC. ev^tv againft- cannon; tliere, iieithen 
 hedges nor dykes aFC-to be foundi The fences a r<j 
 made of pofts fixed id: the ground, at teaftet^tjl'^ 
 tance, and in general with fourorfTvecrols r^iw, 
 )&Qia.nitte to fifteen inchesafunder.. The countr|i^ 
 
 A. 4 - whichi 
 
 m 
 
 swfc-w " ^-^s-^^ 
 
( 6 ) 
 
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 tvhich U (hick fettled, every farmer living en his 
 own plantation, not in villages, is interfpcrfed with 
 intermediate woods, and lar^e plantations, or open 
 fields. The woodconfifts of large tall trees, grow- 
 ing at conliderabie diilauces, without any under- 
 wood, and arc eaiily fcoured with cannon or inuf- 
 quetry. This a true flate of that part, of New 
 Jerfey and Pfsniylvania where the war has been 
 carried on ;• aiid from this it may be eafily deter- 
 mined how far it can be deemed ftrong or impradti- 
 cable in refpecftto military operations^ 
 
 Accordingly in this country, we have lately feen 
 two am^ie^r oee jBtdiiating ii9 comciueil* the othf r 
 Jt8,<)eiFeoce,. We have (een the BritiOi army pene- 
 trating intpits heart, in a circuit of near two hun#- 
 dred Miles, from Lang Ifl.ind, by the White Plains, 
 to Trenton, and from the Elk Ferry to Philadelphia, 
 in dcJjiarMje of the utmoii eflprts of an enemy per- 
 fectly a<;quainted with every advantageous fpqt of 
 ground ; and we have feen that army taki»g, with 
 cafe and l^^ie lofs, every itrong poil poflelTed by 
 the eppiwy, who have always fled at its approach. 
 Surely a^cpuntry where fuch operations have been 
 performed with fo little difficulty, cannot be deem- 
 ed very ftrong or impraOicable. 
 
 How different this from the fcene of a«fti<Mi in -the 
 laft American war I Thai was in a country of thick 
 woods,— -full of vait mountains, high precipices, 
 and ftrong defiles ; yet an Amherjlm\6 a Wolff led 
 the Briti(h troops through it tp conqueft and to glo- 
 ry, againft the utmojj eiforis of French Veterans* 
 Though in ftrenglh it was equal to any of the coun- 
 tries in EMtppe, vet was it nut fo imprad:! cab leas to 
 bidiie the zeal or Britirti Generals, who, unconned- 
 cd with party, priced their own honour, the iptereii 
 of their country and the glory of their Sovereign. 
 
 2, I have lamented* fince my arrival in this king* 
 dotiD« to fl^d an ppinign generalljt prevalent, Tbfti 
 the people in tite rcvoUfd Colaniet are ajmoji unanimonffy 
 iiifaffeH(4 to '"^'V Sovcrci^t, and w^i to be M/f4mtfd in 
 
 govern* 
 
» • 
 
 •n his 
 rd with 
 open 
 gicw- 
 under- 
 r muf- 
 New 
 been 
 dcter- 
 pradii- 
 
 ly feen 
 othrr 
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 gmfernmtHt from tUs country* From what rootiev^et 
 an opinion lb contmry to ijg&y has been propftgated^ 
 18 worthy difquil^tion. 
 
 . Some Geatiemen, who lelt the Colonies in thif^ 
 begiiifitng of the wild commotions^ when the puliis 
 fif what is called Liberty beat high^ and the peo]He 
 were deluded by n tew ati^bitious and aftfuL metl^ 
 yader pretence of obtaining a redrefs of gnevanees; 
 have erroneoufty, though innocently, adopted xtx^ 
 propagated that opinion. O* hers who, from prin* 
 ciples truly repubHcati, wiih to f(3par«te CaLiedf^-' 
 Britain and the Colonies, have been theinc^elatiga*! 
 ble promoters of it. And others, wlw were high m 
 office in America, although they had before thejw 
 daily deraonftrations to the contrary, lo juflify the 
 ncgle^ and inhuman treatment which his Majefty's 
 Caithful fuhjeds received attheir hands,, andro rhrow^ 
 a veil over that irMicondu6t which has unneccffarily 
 wailed many millions for the nation, facrificewl its 
 true intercfts, and loft its honour, were the in venrors 
 of it. Under the eftbrts o^ fivch a coHibination,- 
 we are not to be furprized at feeing, for a tlmc^' 
 Truth fuppreiled and Falfehood triumphant. 
 
 1 call this opinVcm falfe, and- 1 prove it fo, from a 
 variety of fafts known to thoufands. During the' 
 laft war, there was no part of his Majefty^s domi- 
 nions contained a greater proportionof faithful fub- 
 jeds than the Thirteen Colonics. The millions 
 they g/anted to the Crown, the thoufends fent into 
 the field, the numbers of their privateers in the 
 European and American feas, operating againil the 
 common enemy, are conivincing proofs of this truth. 
 The idea of difloyalry, at thta,time, icarjcehyexlOed 
 in America ; or if it did, it was never esfprefled 
 with impunity. How vlten can it happenv that a 
 people fo lately loyal, (hould fo fuddenly become 
 vniverfally dilloyal, without any grievances -or op- 
 preilions but thole in anticipation } The tax im** 
 pofed, and R(iigne;das the caufe of their difeffe<5tion^. 
 was truly a relief, not a burthen. Had it been a 
 burthen^ it WAsnev^r felt, and hadic beea felt, it ^ 
 
 was 
 
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 wn^ of a moft trivial nature. No fines, no imprU 
 foninents, no oppreflions, had been experienced by 
 the Colonics. And reverence for a Sovereign froii* 
 whom they have long teceived every pioof of pa* 
 f^rnal regard^ and attachment to a Government un- 
 der which they have been the nappieft people oa 
 ;he globe, with a prcdileftion for its taws, reli- 
 gion, manners, and cuiloms, founded in renfon^ 
 and rivetted by habit from infancy to manhood^ 
 and even, to old ag^, are not to be eradicated by tri- 
 vial Ciiufe*. if we feiuch the whole hiftory o^ hu- 
 man events, we fliall not meet with an example of 
 ,fuch a futiden chiihge, fFora^^he biofl; perfec*^ loyalty 
 to univerfal difaffeifbion. On the contrary,, where-^ 
 ev-;r national attachment has been generally eftaced^ 
 it has been ejected by How degrees,, and a loug^ 
 contiaumice of opprcffiohi, not in proipetl, but irh 
 ai'^ual cxiileuce. 
 
 Indeed, before the la-ll war, there- were men in- 
 America, as in all other countrie?, otconliderable- 
 abjlities, and little fortune^— 'reftkfs and ambitious 
 fpiiits^— ediicared in iiepublican principles, and of! 
 courfe deftiti.>fe ot- thofc airach-ments wjhich would 
 have formed and fixed their loyalty ; but their 
 number was fmalK Thele men fpoka and- wrote o^ 
 the independence of America* as an e\'ent whiclit 
 might happen in future, but did not venture to ex-- 
 prefs a wilH that it might, or could b& in their time.. 
 When the Stamp'.n(fi^ took place, they \vere thefirit: 
 to incite the^ people to oppolitlon. /fhe plaufibility- 
 of the arguments againil the r^ight of Parliament to- 
 lax ihem, prevailed on many to thin4c thofe nrgu-- 
 roents^ reafonabie j but thefe reftlefs and unprin- 
 cipled men, to prepare the minds of the people for 
 their yet latent fcheme of independence, incited* 
 mobs, confillingr of a few abandoned men in two o^ 
 three ot the American ports, much aganift the tem- 
 pers of the people at large, to deftroy the damped' 
 paper. The people, in general, difapproved of 
 this violent and leditious mode of oppolition, and 
 purftted adiflfeceiu meafure* Xkey petitioned thtii* 
 
 $1 
 
(.9 ) 
 
 conflitutional Repr(pfenu^iv,es, and tkefe i^etulao^d 
 ParHam.ept for a rejjd»2al of thi^ Ad» djeclftriug, tb»t 
 they',wer?.;rcady to jjtapt^ ttcir prpponiom of »i4«. 
 •whenever VequireiJ by thjs Crown*. 5,.y;<i\s^:i| su^u * 
 • Whe,n>Ke iTea A61 palu^d, tjje ra»^ern€0), cletct-«j 
 
 glin^ merchants, w6o1j^ ^utercft.^loiie 'vRa» »afl;e^edf- 
 by thf a^^, to fc'ize the Ifeu, ai^^'iP^^W*^*^*^^'^''* 
 
 r;. V. 
 
 J^ confe/jijepce of xpp .unj uin|5j\hie:djei|:j:iMaipa-iOf 
 ;tl\e', .%i^"^^ S"*f9,n*; thp .jAa, for Aqppijig. . up th^t' 
 }>iprt:;\Vfi8*Ja^'d,,| . thi^,«ffdrd|4.^Uotl)^r ppp^ufuuiq^ 
 ^tor fl^'cj 'exerci|e| ,p/ yiojiyvt ipir^t*;^ ..Eve^y art.iw^i- 
 ufedlto draw, l^t,9. people Cjf ths^t tpWQ iptp ylolpnt 
 "nieafurcs. '1*"nc ' country was called ,upon to joia 
 them, bat, i^ vain f far fipni, fiiiy vIe,>V3 of indepen- 
 dence*, the pcopk hpi?eAly dt^^H'.cd,; tjjat^a violenf ■ 
 ' a£t o,T 1 nj u (tij;e had l)e?n gtija'^i^itjuf d»; ,^n4, ,;l^at » ftrpa«r ,< 
 ration ought to-be ma'tte. , ; . . . , . ■ . . 
 
 |j;hefc^d^rjj5ig(i>iri^t8haviM, h^^ 
 tgjH'bcvir^, in rnpft oif (the CQlofiie«,..ai>artyj#f 
 
 i Tnen*" im;nedU^l)^'inter^^Q^, in the repe^Tof'tl^ 
 ,Tca, A^i of the rqof! sfeniersdii^x'itJoos,-:-^ bfnk- 
 .riptlo It]- ■•:/•» pudl dlfliojisft priuciplet, .piappfi^ 
 l> get:3\\;1;'C9h^v£j,p, under a pretence t?fcjarting,4« 
 ^^dt'ceut. (tn^^t't^sr mMfures,- for ©btaining a ivepcai,of 
 thefe^.fi^ytes. But tliey carefwlly t^onp^jiled il^fi^Jr-vi 
 princijpal ,fJefiffn ^i f^parating, ithje. t^r«j ; cpikuninwi, 
 'becaufe (hey^ T^n^vy the m^inds. pf the |lf<o^^ aiid 
 ieveii of fotpe^of. Jinpfe \yiho, were ^eabysfjsgpfofi&rs 
 'of ihe ai^s, were too firmly attach^, ^p tjij5 Briiifli 
 Government to, eudttre the thought./ v.ii hi. > ,, 
 Thiis propofal.Qra Cong^'^fs. was by no irieatit . 
 [^ generally appi oveij B7 the people, , T^cy. thought 
 their refi>fcctive A^'^ml?)les were mo(t proper, to .p^*., 
 tition,, aV'^1 to obtain a redrefs of their gr'i«vanc«ak|r./ 
 they knqw,^ tha^t. the Aifeii\Ulies weire ou^ir^kgdw' 
 ReprefeiVLatlves, tliat tlie appointirjei^f oJfa(C<i^gfffi|rid 
 .would be a violation of thofe ri|^;s \vhich thejf^ * 
 
 complained 
 
, '0^' 
 
 IV 
 
 ^■; 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 V 10 ) 
 
 comp1j»tned of othertffdt violathig, and they <\'Cr€ 
 ftpprebenliv€ that perfona illegiaUy appointed* 
 mtght not purfue legal mcafarcs ; or if they did, 
 that they Would hot be ib fuccefsful in the event, 
 lis if parfitedvUbder it c6n({lit\itional authority* For 
 thefereafons they^relied ortiheir Altemblies^ Buff 
 while the §rt6t bolk ^ bf ' the pe6ple a£ted oo fitch 
 loyil princtpt^sv the ^i<>teht few proceeded tochufc 
 their Cominitteiei fliid'^onvelnt?ons, and thefe to 
 chufe: their Detegiite» hi ^Ongrufs. Under this 
 circuknitance,^ it w»t afi e^iy taft; for the indepen- 
 deut fadiot},it;o'provaH 6ti ^aj^Wrtfillefii 'and weak 
 mtn ei appoint many of th^ir own number. Hou'- 
 ever zealdus the tle(!bi-i might be in opp<)fing the 
 Statutes of whitb tliey wi(hed for a repeal, yet 
 there were-ms^'attiong; ihbm whofe oppontion was 
 meant to extehdno fbfthet" ; atjd thetefore the in- 
 flruiftions giT€n to the Delegate! in Cong^-cfs were 
 fo far from authoriling them to promote the inde- 
 pendence of the Coionte»y or to take up arm?, that 
 all of them, either exprel^y, 0t by the fulled im- 
 plication, prohibited it. 
 
 They wei^ npt authorifed to puHxie any mea« 
 fyrei, except thofe that were A^^^ <^>f perfeAIy 
 correfponded udth their aUfgianct to their So-teftiga^ 
 •ndthat tended to «»///, m? not ftparati the two 
 dountries* Any one %viJt perceive, on comparing 
 thofe inftruAions with the proceedings of thre Con- 
 grefs, particularly in their inciting the people to 
 >rms, their refo!\re to make reprifals, and their fe* 
 dlitious letters to the people, ot England, Ireland, 
 apd Caaada^ that the Delegates riblated their trull, 
 ufed 6very meafure which tended ta violence and 
 ^edition, without authority, atid contrary to the 
 dired^iops of thofe who appointed them i and thnt 
 the people in gen^ratwcre fo far from inf ending the 
 leaft deviation from their loyalty, that all they 
 fought for was a redrefsofwhat they thought griev- 
 ances, by ** prudent and legal meafures, and a more 
 •f perfe» union of the two countries upon conftitu- 
 -•|^y,lionsl|prin€iple8**V-ji>.(Jioicj^ 'j\-^^:\v. ", .k.. 
 <.;,', •' •'- "" ••• • While 
 
 p?"''^* 
 
 X- 
 
( » ) 
 
 While the people, who had given fuch proofs of 
 their loyalty in the laft war, continueU to adit on 
 this ground, although fonie of them were fedoced 
 by falle pretences into meafures of violence^ we 
 {hould not conclude even thefe were difaffe^ted. It 
 has ever been an eafy talk for a {qw violent and 
 discontented fpivits to delude, for a time, a part of 
 the ignorant vulgar iato all the meafures of ireafon, 
 witheut their having a fpark of fedttion in; tlieir 
 hearts. We cannot therefore julUy form our Judgi 
 ments of the people in general^ frojte a view oftheir 
 conduft before the Declaration of Independence. 
 The treafonablc deligns €>f their fedticers had been 
 .Artfully concealed under a variety of dlfguifes, 
 falfehoodsv and frauds This threw off the veil, 
 and cleared the fight t|f the del ujdedi- Reafou and 
 Confciehccj being no longer bihidfoldi now dc- 
 {crted the me.lfures of feditioii, and lepai-atcd the 
 Loyalldfrom the Traitor* The people were oblig- 
 ed to tak£ a dccilive line of condud; and many of 
 thofe whe had been zealous in the. meafures of op- 
 pofition^ while they vefted on the former ground^ 
 now forfook them. ■ ■ ■-* 
 
 It may be here aiked, iincc the people in general 
 were fo avcrfe to the meafures of theCongrefs, Why 
 did they not oppofethem? The fa^t is, th^r they 
 did it both iiffirniatively and negativelvr -tT^f^ 
 oppofed them by a multitude of publications lit 
 news-papers and pamphlet, written with a fpirli 
 which djfcovered the uimcft firmnefs, and an^ iiiv 
 violabie nttachment to Government; and by not 
 countenancing the meafures by their artendtin^e sit 
 the elcdions.-*-They bad n6 either legal n^ean^lft;, 
 their power, and they had cod much refpc<^ fo^ lifi^ 
 laws to do it illegally. They could not do m6ffe' ttl^ 
 preveiu the wami and fadtious part of the commtii 
 nity from attending when and where they I'houvht 
 proper, and from aftlng as they pleaied ; - l>ecftaie 
 they had no legal controul over them, t'dt'-rtiis 
 they looked rp to the executive powers of^OoVerft'S 
 ment; and thele, . in almoft every colony, ttere 
 aflee|>.--Not a fingle exertion wae^padc to fUppiefs 
 
x 
 
 
 f 12 ) 
 
 th€ unlawful afl^mbHes, or rocHiA tife rifing Ipirlt. 
 qrfedJtion, until u was too l^re.—^Riotoos mobs, 
 iVirred up by rhe Tiolcnt /a^t'oo, patrolled the 
 ftrcet^ ot evet^ city and tow^n,, ootninhtiDg the 
 moii daring outrages on tlie |ierfou» and properties, 
 of loyarcitijfccns, wirhout the leaft eiTay on the part 
 of G^owrqment to fa|Miceik thein. j aud m fpme cp-. 
 Ifinij^l thjs OSiccrHt^i 6ovar«mcQt tiicinielvea were. 
 e|th8i\ tHe leaders ()rtJic fa^iom ' or fecretiy gave iti 
 tb«t fup^rr j.^ whil^» fill aU» Aich waa tbeif pufila* 
 niitfoi^ cOadVii^ (Uat ^lie CcHnmitrees,» Gottlreiui- 
 ans, «id, Con grclV were fiiffered«radu«ily tofapthe 
 fbimdapons of their eliablifiiedct>ailituiiou8i to 
 throw ibem bio coniufion, and to prevail on a imall 
 pirt of" the people to take up pms*. 
 
 HiiJserto , ib<? iaciepej^dents Ifad deceived the 
 penple with'^repeatefi aflev;erai*iona of tli^u: Utter 
 abkorrcnce of indi^penijeuce, md of, tWiy ui- 
 t.eiuioiis 9nly tQ obtain, a redrefs of gnevait£C8, 
 This appears fioin aU ilieir petitions to the Ci:osvn, 
 lUany of their refolves, letters, and other ptocced- 
 ings.— But having noW obtained a ralliiary force 
 tht'y openly avowed the defi^n which they. ihadfo 
 ihd^i||riou{ly concealed ; bxwufe they IcA^U', from, 
 the w hole tenor of t^^ pepple's cpuiiwdi^ \,h^y. held 
 it ill' t;rt^ ^jeatert tje'tellnri^o., Hbvivevcr^ aitUoujjh 
 the jd^ongrefe; vyere q;ompc>jcd o£ the tn^ft violent 
 men in the Cplonie?,, a»d f>^d now an.ariuy to fnp- 
 port thejr meaAires, , the J|}depeM<ient Fa^on- 4jd 
 not find it ati ealy t.i/k to earry their vote, of Inde- 
 pendence. ^ They, la(j^ured the qiieftion licai: a 
 iriontl*, and when if ivias calUd fo*, tbe, Q^^^^i'^^* 
 wtre tltvi3t'd:^x ag^^il^ft fii?^. TTm? pele||^tes af,JKe«n- 
 fjlv'ania being alio divi^^dj the; qiueflicyi remained 
 uhdetermined uiitll the next 4<ty^vvl^ea the debate 
 
 was 
 
 ■*' Tn' i^'tir/land ami Pennrylvania many of JtJ^e. Officers of 
 Gbvoi'MrtSipnt, and T'n the hirer, ar leaft five out of fix of the 
 Magii^ijRtt;^ vs** tlw<^p?o'jrfm^r»t>fthtf'rel*H!6»j— ^vcre Mem- 
 bo's of tlie. C](Ni}min<ieE| (^MVfMificai;, aiid'fhb Genera) Con. 
 gift's •—were Olficurs fujierinrcud ug military appointmisnis, and 
 procuring milltai'y fto'res, — anil the moil adtive and zealous liip- 
 foftefs of military oppofitioa. 
 
( »3 ) 
 
 was renewed, atkl a fingle Mtnher changing hit 
 Opinion, gave the cufting vote. Having obtained 
 this vote, the Independent Fa^ton iuduibidully fet 
 jtbout eftahlifhing themfelves in power, hy tnfttttiting 
 their new States. But when they had done this un« 
 dcr the fupport of military force, th^ did not think 
 it hfe, againft a great majority of the peopfe who de« 
 f efted their defign ; therefore eifi;£tuaHy to prevent 
 i\\ future oppoittion, they fuppreiTed the liberty of 
 the prcfsj difarnied every perfon whom they thought 
 difailbflsd to their meafures, and paflfed a nrnnbdr of 
 )awt tacompei the people to abjure thc'tr allegiance 
 to their Sovereign, and take an oath to their own 
 Srares^^to attaint the lives and contilcate the cftates 
 of e^ery perfon a^Hng in oppoiition to their defign y 
 — makmg it penal to ipeak or write againft theif pro- 
 ceedings and deiflaring it high treafbn to aid, or 
 aflilll the Bricifh crown; all which were carrkd iiito 
 evecution with the greatefl inhumanity. Under 
 thefe laws feveral were imprifoned, many banifived, 
 and not a few futfered death ; on the whole, nrore 
 than in any civil war or revolution of Government 
 hitherto known; 
 
 "'The Congrrrft could not erpe^ by thefe meafures 
 to wotk a change in the minds of the pcopte, or to 
 draw them from their former loyalty to an adherence 
 to thefe new States. The extent ot their views was 
 lofubdue the fpirits of the people, and deter them 
 from an open oppofition. In this they, in fome de- 
 gree, fucceedcd. The people robbed of their arms, 
 deprived of the liberty of writiiig or fpeaking their 
 Ibntimentt, and labouring under every mifchief that 
 tyi^nny could devife, faw their own fafcty involved 
 in an involuntary acquiefcence, until the power of 
 their Sovereign fhotild enable them to aft a more de- 
 c^five part. But at the fame tiipe they inanifefted 
 by their condu^, that thty were determined not to 
 affifttn fti^f>orting or countenancing, more than they 
 could help, thofe meafures which they difapproved, 
 ^^d thai Government which they uifticd to deftroy. 
 
 9 Men 
 
(. ?4 } 
 Men of property and incorrupt prii^<;jples, for thU 
 reafon, haye in all f^c llates very generally with- 
 ilood folicitations to accept of uil^cca uncl^r tbeir au* 
 thori^y^ leaving tbein to be jjllctl by the moSt, un» 
 piflnapM^ndiiibanilQued^pi)^^ the people, Andi 
 froni tiu; fame ipiitlve bay^^tbcy d^cJ'me^, frpm the 
 beginning, ^attenci,. or be^in a^iy wift concerned W 
 tbejOl^^ipn* of: Corami^t|;c?, .ConventioRS, pongrer<« 
 ici, pijany <?( tbc-me^pb^rsq^ ilje ^lew, State8.-^This 
 ha» bfs^n fo, general)/ thjfel3^>, tJ^^fivel^^^^ feep, 
 ever &QC^;tbe cpb^llipn bc;g^u,,,theie>pul^iic bodies ii^ 
 alj the S!ta^«,^pppinte4,;tjyjef8<iban one tenth part 
 pfthepeopjcv In <^« jjy iefa tban one JbrMeth^ in 
 another, f by onc^viidred- and Jiftietbi parr, and in 
 anoOici;,. by .oine^pej Jo|} .qni^,' ;|v.^^^^ ^w j^ 
 
 tKoufai^a?'. . -^ aoiiRfTi&hom'n ? rf":^n i v^dnii f • ;2^f Tod •? f 5r;> 
 
 which Uffva^.tbeir duty to fupprcfs.-^Inllead orc^l'p 
 ling 09 the people to id54iini9Pl>9fing;it, they were 
 daily incitii^ them to ta^e part in it. /i^he joyaliils 
 wei!edif;M:raed,— and thtir arms given to rebeJ*,— 
 AiMi. had they retained their arms, they had ii|Ojcomi 
 miflTiftn under t he Crown fp i\^}\e ufe of tbett> in fa- 
 vour ^af Government. And \yithoMt fuch authority, 
 they knew that, byU^w, wboeverlhould take up arms, 
 would be guiky of high tie>dbn..;;^ ; . ,.,, ni 1 -^r 
 But thefe are. not all the , prooiis 0/ the Vmiaken 
 fidelity 0^ the .people in .genera^ o^ the revolted 
 
 c ; * In Pe^mijriyaaia, yhci-Cv^i:^ ai>t ww#r<I» of jo^poo voter*. 
 »i\ thcMcinbers qf the New $t«c were di^ren for the year ijjt 
 by Icfi than 2oo.~W Vtw YiVki it,a cHntel^td eleanon for th^ 
 lame year, %^en twb pedon'< cbiWcnUed for the : Office of Govwu 
 nor; th£^ vVci^rot abletoi^reiailion in(H.frthini r»i|o voters ta 
 attend, althnwk^W ail the wl^ PapaWe «f yotiag in tbajt lac|E9 
 province had f ngKc to vcjte. In King's Counm fdr. Bpenjni 
 was chofen by one peiTon only, .although that diftnCt isidAtaiiltl 
 •car 1000 voters. 
 
 .' /i" 
 
he 
 
 io 
 ef? 
 his 
 
 art 
 in 
 in 
 le si 
 
 '( IS ) 
 
 army *..ive mnrched, receiving the troops with every 
 mark af gladnefs, and particularly in Philadelphia, 
 with ftirli rttclainatiotts brjby in everr ftreeti that a 
 Bririfh' Genera], whrtfe m?nd had been inapreflcd 
 with different ideas, ^ould' rtot refrain cryirtg out, 
 ** SdfHy this mcift lie moife'than fhow." 'Wc httVc 
 fc'eii thern, during the ipace of near nine indhths, 
 while the Brit4ffl arm; rctiiarh^ in Philadelphta, 
 daily fupplyifig, at the ^ifqlierif their l?Ves, that atr- 
 mj, th^ Britfih navy, and tWc inhabitant?, cbtiM'wg 
 Ot rio't lefs t haii^ fi m* t lT6Waiitl • fb^il^^ tvitit e tery kind i 
 of provlfions frbnv th^ cotintrv, of which the rtbel 
 army had the cottlplfe^^^^^'iffe^bn*' We have fee n 
 them; at the fame time, refofmg thole fupplies to the - 
 rebel General, brisa^in^; i^heir caffiagcs, concealhlg 
 their horfes, dtfobeying his*proclamation8,'itid fufFer- 
 ing^ their grain to be rafceA fronv them without price, 
 fattier than be the ihfirifments of aiding the enemies 
 of their Spve rci gn . Wit have ft^h than coniirtg from 
 all qijta^ters of the Middle Culdnies into the Britiih 
 Knes, to give intcUi^iice of the ftate orf the enemy, 
 Wchavfrfecn thoufands flying ovet to t lie Britifli 
 troops 'for protedion, or concealing thcmfelves in 
 diftant provinces where they were unknown, or tak- , 
 ittg refogei eveii anipnvft the favgges^ to avoid enter- 
 ing int^b the war againft their feUow-fubje^ts in this 
 country, and at the fame time rhonfimds of them in 
 arms as <volUnrrerSy ferving in thtiir behalf without 
 receiving pay or cloihing. We have feen, from the 
 begimving Of iiidepehdcriee tb this day, a grcat-ma- 
 jpnty of tW Cbloniftsj* riofwiibft^iidin^ the excef- 
 Irve penalty of- trieblc tiasiesV disfrancJhffcmenrsi and 
 the lofs of that liberty which the mind of man holds 
 more valuable than wealth, remain nonjurors to the. ,. 
 Hates, and with a pcrfcverance 'which does honour to 
 human nature, adhere to thCir allegiance. We have- 
 feen the Colonies in thelaft war, when the numbers 
 of their peu^ were one third ^efa than they are at 
 prefeftr, with cbearfulnefs, on the reqnifitiou of the 
 CrowPft^Jiiiiing and feeding into the field 2C,ooo 
 
 •A ' 
 
< i6 ) 
 
 regular troops, tmd ye| tb{it th^ Conerff^, with 4a«. 
 numerable talihpods and frauds to fiedttce, t3lctSlr^.l 
 boumies (o fkUtjitie^ aM ff verat }aw,a ro con^jpcl, bay^j 
 natb^ea ab)e. tp ra'^fe a r^^gMUr ajrm}^ Q^ Qiare jtviiii 
 h»\i;%i]^%,mxmb(!u lATe TiaXie 41; the fiu^.tiDie ieca 
 thpfis peapie' backing ov^r i<? thfs F,i'oyipciai corpH^jt 
 ai]4l>U>jagiUp tnek n.^nvb^rs^qual to t hie reybelarmy^ 
 anditftiiig out vpyimrds jgttioo privatterg HIgifM thp 
 cpinvnoo ep^nfiy. ,,W«,b*Fi (WRt that,f^-<»J#*r/<^f OiC 
 tbetfebet a^'miK^^^)^" i^^'i^i^'^M PtI £ngriih« 
 Scotch^, sind<Jrj|()\, vvUilcjj4iai:<fBiy,t^i? iimll puwqr* 
 tipn of ope fou(^)^ ai[^, «v|^f;ap4y nutwithiUtjdin^ 
 thfj Ccywe laws u> k^cp^ffi, U>M»^^^ it^Jjy^t-. Wiqi^ 
 have; %i? th«w ^ (he -CRiftiittisiofs $^W|b,^arcJinm^ 
 MaryMpdi, the J^clawarcjjfoiiRtikii^nKcw Jer^j, ^m^l 
 Kew Xmiu.9^i'm^ly' fu^r*p^;Jor ,^ ^iixj^j-MMifds^ 
 their opprcSMis* oAfi ,at^ lei^^ih*. lo-krge l^d^^vviiM 
 a fe.'ty .concealed ariivsvHpup^^P'is^ ^0i4 club^ i^^iC'^' 
 creejtly filling in favour >9^ \QQ}if:,xiif^'fnu , Wfik'-^"^ 
 fecB^ wholfs fovn)ti^B,*^erv»6wg 1^ j*p| draftetji. ana ikic. 
 tiomni of others m^m^f^^s^ivti, io^ t{,bodyut^viit kupirl 
 diied Bfien» wlt^ .aj^mi , iu ;^€ii^ . ^i«4s> <r^f wfe *o j<ni» 
 tfaf 1:^4 ara;)jjagait)A their Soyf r^lfpit apd Anpji)«;, 
 pot! " 4xf tljif fame ;»um|A?r, wM^a jpin^ i f i ftTiifl e d )>y, 
 the 4i«bil Cp^n:wid^Cf h?je^ufp,,|pQ qip^jk^fwjiea; 
 tp fhr ^I't^iOi Ooyernmcnitffjr ?.iAl?<t .we. )Mi?^P,.fccn 
 man^ thouiaod^ jT^ffering^aiviihiineittSt c<>P^fcationt^, 
 aftd;4eath i^felfi fpr active {ery iocs dunejU/ them for. 
 Gevefo^ei^« .aod h^^vSe the^^cp^ld not abjMr^ the 
 bcilx^f Spy?rejg^i8. . ;§Hc^. ia|e,^^ unpara|l)E?|eJ;^ffer- 
 ings a^id fide(»fy . ojf ; jttkpjTp HaH5»|>py pepple, whoif? 
 
 wild pojitif:^ pjji^ lia^ipr^j^y^ .i> -i^tj^^j ^^jtlil^: ^ ijAdJ'^iii^f < 
 
 X^^a DUnjj^r of ,t^e Colpnilts, jnc^Mitious ^Mi4 
 bluidf<pd4ea, /^l it^ro th^ .it^ares Qf 9 i$»^ in^ere^^ 
 in^ni is a truth^ biif; it it alio leuc,, that .many of ^ 
 tb^t nurohi^r^ 4i^ ^ne 4<:claratioA of indepcn4^et 
 h^vCs^haafiCfi.^fcclr fflipdil ^^ji ;|»ii9nal",gri|»cj»>^^^ 
 
 ,,iU:H"»'! 
 
 i». 
 
 * TbefeftcM happened InSeptfmber 1771 1 When Wafting- 
 ten lay in Pennfylvania. 
 
(( '1 » 
 
 They hnVe^jfrfltri di ftrefling experiences foimd themJi^^ 
 fclvcs deceived by their lenders. Th4y were tolc(j;> 
 tlwt they^H^^ete 6p^cn*ed- bf Oreat-Britaim whith 
 tficy believed with^otfeeHrtg the oppreHidti^ And 
 thty were tai^t tabefieve,' tint they woiild'txm- 
 oate theit^'eH^sv^om It by UMi'ilmrf c/fipoli^oti^ atod 
 by ito dth«r mean*.' )'fri^*i«<laft>Hcd at this time 
 oflly fititiv what fftey ttre^c to*d i^^biit ^ftnce,^ ihc?^ have ' 
 mdahcholy ciuO; «o ^nnilbd IVdiii tfaeir litNKHhgsv All 
 tiiat they now h^v foe,' oifU'tfel!; ♦ can i^tjces • them 
 thatthey knevv w^oppHfR^itiihktit and thtttbyf heir 
 own di^Kiiibn th^y at^-^i^ hkscotrft^istfti to litbUr^vf 
 pictwfer. ^They aredaWy ddiw^arifijj rtitelrlbrniW hiap* 
 pimik'wuh theiii prefeat ntifety^^ . Wbeik thdy^ Idok 
 t* their former cdndttibn,' th<^ irecoHeift chjit^theiv:. 
 landr ^vefe fuHy ctoltil«t«4^" ttl^ ^^ch^ni<di ^ts 
 fh)Ui<fhtd| vkelitt 'bbourei-irM^^re'tiMereuff, their Haro 
 vefta%eFe*j3teii[t>ltil^ ihi^it ec>fnmer^ was extenfiv v 
 thetP^Tiftrnrinehttittild and frce*^ theif law^i^eafonsi- 
 bhfi? and jtift; tl^feii' pcribhi"aAd j>rOperfie» <afe frmn 
 infuW dr* oppreflSon ; th^tif i^Hgid* fc^aftd, their 
 ooutitiy inm its contmei^te prote^df^b^ thc/fleiha atid 
 artti^^s'cff ISi^eat^Britaiftev their taite8;U|;ht beyond tAl 
 pamlMf ««d that thejr iitKl>theiv fore&hefs had' en^ 
 joycd?grdater happiriew ttiifli any peopleeon ea«E; 
 
 ^Strch are the plea ling :fc^it«s-whtch the l^te< ft ate of 
 :/Vfmerica is diiily rtfba^tngi t^'thei'imemorifrs oii the 
 deluded. peopie^i wl^lc e^iy^.(feiife capibt*^^ of ' p^ea- 
 fiflNs 6r • pain is (^^mftanflypi'OcUinting thefe nielaii'* 
 ch<rfy^'^rtfth* r^fhat^heir lAblimtri, inechahits, and 
 art^i'hai* bewniidtag^ >»nt*vtho. field ^^'^ trtftrie^ 
 
 p^rifliedi that theit- {hipping^<ii*«^deft«tj)TBd^-^thcir 
 cofttmefte *«ii»ed,^ij*thtil^*' gd^errttj^e^ arbitrary^ 
 undet* a fembiahdik of ltti^dbm^4^heiriaW»cirud and 
 fahgiira(iif^,4--^theif^'peii^n^* pm|)enies^ ^ 
 corttitt^jil je*p«^y,*A^theit fefigtob • dan^r ' froni • 
 the ttiijl^eMingr^poi#ier^bf Vti)pm fu^erffttHW; their ^ 
 taxeis exceeding tlte value of (heir property, itnd im* 
 poffibleto be fuftaiued, and not one iparli . of that 
 
( «8 ) 
 
 foftofB. 
 
 11^ 
 
 Hum '^^vnvihJ ;)^o .^.i» nt>'?>/?*>»i(rKM0i7.J 
 
 t'jiiannciinvtnce/dfi^m irhatl hanre ffleii-ind kmxir 
 tMnht^ c^poiitioiift of it)^ pei^de,! if i^ ^rnir wnt. 
 taken off their minds, if the Neiv6taMrtrej« di^ 
 ftkbred, tHe R«bel ^orce dlltaondedt t|ie BHtiii .'ti-dops > 
 vlithdraim, und the' ptople of cottrfe left t» tbeiri 
 lo^e-artd ohbiafiedrtfuffi'agea^ ^.tbait Mi'tu pevSbnr out of > 
 #«• in obe whoke revolted Cokinict would irate rfor^ii! 
 cbnitttmibiul 'imtom nntih^! and depoideuoexiia, t)%t. 
 BriiilbState ) atid Lsuiialfocianiidenti tirat thitimt- 
 on and i<fepeiideniee miiffot be leafily (ecu i ed^ <m Ithiife . 
 |>«hieiptes' of 'putlcy', whivK ev«r :aid^ and "^>Mi «an 
 l^ref^rve the Uii ion of *^tW^ fenrenil liiembetv <ti, the 
 
 iWhar tbtwis Wilt donetiw the ^i^nt finMi^«af 
 ftifairf, to ^m%^he tpoptc^ef' Americii buck «»dbteir 
 alicgianoe tcvtheCvtfti'ji.^ <^iie'V/ir fofitivatanilf tAie 
 Con grefi | By no meati t^ i > ^ki\§i)VQoM ht locail^ tn- 
 •Oft'BAent with tbofe jMtil daMm of ti^t to/tiierl'ove- 
 reign fy of :»he coiKttirjs wHicb have ^een«conAtMi()y 
 mamtnined; wttb^thefaitty o^ a^nulntude of kiy»l 
 ftifcje^g, Whowirb ttrtfparallcted ifideli*y, bjwelJwri- 
 iteed to rheik*iprind|^a a.U rhacfnencan'forfisit, and 
 with that humanity and dignity .for ^wycb the Britilh 
 Stafre has ever! been- idifttngoifticd. Tba* it no one 
 motive, foimded in fdailMii «vbicb «an Yead to ftiob a 
 a treaty, T4ie Cong^efe^ at has been (hewn^ a«e not 
 the R<prtt«ntat'!ve« of one tenth part o# the Com- 
 inunit^% 'and cdnfeqeenttv bavetioiiutbo^ty lotroat ; 
 fo fair frdm tfy !tbit Aey^arry in reality, tfce ufurperc 
 af ^ 'dief«o»t<b {Mit^et hv^F- nibe tetith* of tthe p<M>pt<e« 
 "wbicH-tne *»Oftdi«r'<if -liie Gdvc^nmeut ;i» bottfld t* 
 deftroy. Under ^thefe dFcumihnieeaf »o 4e«ms« 
 however ratified by the CongreGt, could creaite iny 
 "f^l obtieation ott theppepplef. jBut fhMre is jaot the 
 l^ft itaiento belieMe thftt^he«4voo)d ^ver accede to 
 any terms whieh win not lead jrdft fmhttioiiiiaflkc 
 two Coumriei ; to -wKtchl' v^tnaj^, adS^iiiasm if'HOt 
 
f *9 )• 
 
 tl»;f|B|Mneiitri»e«effityuif«tc Idch m. .mnrfirte.; Ail 
 union between the two Cuumrieti mud(l nud m>^' bfi 
 «l^|r^4feftlcibH-^ilifFerr»tf.ped<kns^ anxdrttfondiffc- 
 ]ient|i^cii|ikit froq>«)Kfif ttfMJi wdtkfa Qoppcigwili 
 
 H/TdbcHpCRTflcnft irapf^crttfli 'he ^^^ 
 viTeiitlie ^a^refttonrt tT>he<t|oficib}»^ts L«f« pixseclinetl^ 
 fife rthe.'tmie^q»iefiKftHuj;ie9^ cll'jilur;|>e9^e di 4i»i^ 
 in the ^isr^isii CoKsikteiiii) } h^AWfuA . otAinton. m:im 
 with. t!befn«/ will: ibe lbtiode<lt in ithc ^tnirtuitb iatitreitt 
 •ii^boii^ CfiMltitneai;.jbeirauiiti their \auxi^^i.M.^^imXy 
 «he Tfameu ! i Xheiri A&at u^^maKter ij} bin/iifng* ;«in<i 
 thtKloie permii nent* n But 'm ppnitstp^^ .etMi»ls< («b« 
 peopdts to choofe ;thei^*>R«Jjrrfemjiti>iC^;!tho;fe>ic« 
 which prevents it muft be Tcmoved. This, I, ki^ovv, 
 h9idbi»en tboo^l^ iriiawhKuif'tf|(k$?.Uut;fheAfifnti' 
 ai«(4it(i» jbikideidibn mifialusy ari^infitlV^nn'A n>iCnepf^n 
 £6niiti«iu&f the rehel.fi>rcQ,f: A i0'Vi(wv whoi^ ioy^ 
 ftlty tk) h>ts S&7ii:«cagtti «fl4 attRfihuietit to hiiS^CQuntry^ 
 tieuiKlnintedt ,»tm whoib milHHr^' ahiUiie« reft>ain 
 uojdifputedy Is in ,the>iield. < Hff wiW rcverreihe 
 poLicy /aad. x;Qndu£^ oiMhif^ ptediBceiror^ and with 
 nfttttite k£l ibffce remwrjr Jhat tyr^utvy which has 
 hitbcufD fep»r«ted the^k>32ftl.p»AEto£ the people fi!um 
 ihci^.S^fnteign* This tfiiQMite^ there is noone^who 
 is acquainted with the'd;v}poli(ion«ot the people in 
 geaeral of the revolted 0<^Qmepi^ who c^n heri^ate 
 to believv jrhat ^hey ' wl 11 Mmh ch earful n ei & acce |H 
 «f any reafonable tef tm. jof .accomnipd^t^oA ; and 
 the n)ore t^Mxfe^tefnu adhere t9 the principles of 
 the iBriti^C;9n(HtutioQ| t iho^mgrf thie^* 4eod to dif« 
 . io^ithe feme jueafiire of power an^^iberty.il^ovgh- 
 »<out the empire, and tO>n»9ke tthcro one pieopley the 
 tnoie aealouily wiU ^ihey be ^nvbraced. ^ i ^f^ 
 
 aV 3. Itt order t61trear,{)f>^H*ono"^#:^^e^«^»*^^ 
 the Middle ,CaV>we%,. tniwhi^h .is i^pypl^red another 
 
 . «{ueiftloiH aWWber the fofice \S'a% ad«;q|t$te tp the pl;>p 
 J€6t? «e muft be^ivwith^aviewr of that Ibrqe-fT'Of 
 the forte in bppantion, and of the fituation of the 
 xevoUed Colonies At the time. A genuine ilate of 
 
«fa^'f«£liiinvolv0d itvtfcei«'l«ibj«^ will cbfOMf grMt 
 ligbt ifpin tbtt'quslHon. majtiottt^tniiiwrav tr.ii\iu(t:tikt 
 The fooc and ot-valr}'^ i^nt Dvet tmAmtrtc^f 
 am«utfttoi^ to 5^1^81 5ii*^<>£ <^ t »Mnii>er) '40,874^ 
 weve tindep the command oi Sir WHlisni Ho#e*/ 
 •«-^ |;tsiir 11 ioitd, f mtiit all^ faiid more than ' itt 
 ueOdftry ap|»ointiiierii«V.^«papnl in fo (holt a fimt^^. 
 neT«r'beroip8''X*!oiied vH^'^^MHit^i or awy mhef 
 octtanP'' WeMTiay^t^roH'onrlaHriy f Jnounea MJthe 
 redik oifwptyiDr \vifdotrf> land ornpur alleled excrtifon : 
 Hxsrtiaii^ Vfo'dotiUive and Muhetly" and fo far 
 bc^roud fittiuw-cke 4!mmrtim(kiP himfd^ aikad ibr, pr 
 e vpioieidj that hecouid- n6t avofd*. ' *■* expreimfi^ his* 
 
 ai«««!omeilt"|M^H<»iiji d-«"iv/ J(.'/il br; . ,ti;j>|*^>4 «- r 
 
 When Sir W. Howe arrii^ed at Stateit Tfland; the 
 reibiuctotiB-o^ (^Wgrefs^i^.^reninlifneir^g im^hpeti" 
 deiice tu the jCotomeas irankjiiait p«fied(.w^T'hef owert 
 o(> the di Oov«(<]>ni0nt»>ivent)ii4it essttreiyi de^oyii^ 
 « J; nor tiie i)e«v i8tates< silabritA|e^.»'<^Tite Ind^jptAtnL 
 dents themselves ivrere divided^ lefpe^Dg the^lurmA- 
 o^ GovcrnmciM the)' meamrtb inftitute*. AU fbeir 
 afiair&were embaprHncdf and in the greatelik ooivltli^ 
 iiua^i r'JMie re beii^ force which had beemi'educod' iik*^ 
 tcna^mS) ' iipder a pivfienocvt obtaining 8f rredrefs of? 
 er^evan^ea^idtd noc amov|»»t to iS,oool i»eny.militi*n 
 injCittdedv . ..;m; Ur ^-r?''-) ?;• * m; :;.;:;.!• ■'.■; 
 
 I^vin^ the & before Hfrtihetnirmber ofrroo(i« off 
 both parties^, it ts~ ntosffary to oake/a conipauitivd- 
 viewr oi^'fihje reaHorceof Qach.^~ •)- > 
 
 The Britifh army was commanded by abie and' 
 experienced efiieers, tbto letic^vby^Mnen jidB&tatC'Oit* 
 
 #. M#i:-g<i«cf«J^ B(iinftii>a?i B^t^a^oc i>«i#mtt}y};H«ttfe^; 
 
 C9njH^Diw^,.M^..,p.. 34.^, ., .. ^.,; _ ,-. . ,,,, -,,.,,.;. 
 
 > io hiiJLetter, dated 8th of Jui»(^,,i776^Sijr.WiTnjim Ho^e^. 
 fotat A-oA^fchitii^tainlhg thit tlid (atti fent ' over Va^ inadcqiiate 
 to itk 6tii|ciV, that be decifively declares to the contrary. — '* t 
 cannot take my leave of your Lordihip; without expremng my 
 uttjin atMXfsukcnr at t'he dovt^Tfaa^ gntWly i^r«4fi4i9r<Mrt7i"S 
 «%^chf «)$OD6Mie •plant intfQiiOinicdiatf ex«^i}):iioa. fsMv!) htx^ 
 enectfcl Cinf^,yf$it Lord>hip has aiTumc^ th&coi^dQctlnsiof diiia 
 war, w1\ich is already mbft happily exftrienced, by thoie vrh> 
 liaVe the honour of fcrving here under your aufpices.'* 
 
fe: 
 
 > 
 
 < « ) 
 
 mUitsrv. (kill or e-ipericnce; and for ^ tf»9tiftuj^ 
 taken trom mechanic arts or the plou^h.t-«The«| 
 u'cre poflefleti of th^b«Ct appolmmentt, tadofxaom ^ 
 than thfy could xife, aiui titut other ot theiviMril^JMl 
 Teri than they wanted*— Tl>e <wc were atteodfid.b^ir,' 
 tbeableil lurgcuotaod phyfittians, healthy MidJiiKh*- 
 fpiriicdt-f the mho- ,w«rft negMpd in thicir humt^i 
 cloth log, and pay ; .wen ^cUy sind cooiUntly! mwrr-t 
 niuri ng nod aiiTo^is^eil ^.r-sind tke one wem veterai^ > 
 tmoipi, o»fry iu)( vk^ry wJbesefuever they weie Wdi'i 
 the otiier were pew«r0ii«diU}d undlfciplined, a paaicM 
 (ltUi:)L aiid defeased eaetny whcjKser AttacM<^;^i«tci»f 
 is Uie 4nue.cu4nparaurr di0crctii)CC beMireeil the ibrc^ :» 
 icai to fuppreii, .<uul^thirt w.hif h iAiporte4 the D^b^^M 
 
 AoQther n;)»tcej:«i wJufkhaf ^ toq,lon^ bee a *' 4ne^ ^ 
 trpa.^nj^ ihe^FuUicv «^i|;^ tioiK ckatr4M up^^i ine«ii,i^r. 
 WheHiecitbe Geaeral contmaBdin^i the Brit^ih uoop» 
 has been ooofiueci l»^ pemmptarv inilniftioaiy vlikh, 
 weakened hitopera(]4>n^>4haflbitra^^cdtbrgr^de«» 
 fignof -the viaxn U ii fufficie^t 4M»<bis>lieaid to ab«y 
 ferv««i that tilie G«teral liae iK^^ availed hiooielf iain 
 bis vioadscaupn. of {o material a <biea<e ; 4iitd the let*; 
 ten of thet AraericHQ Secretariei^of iState -nrove tb«t 
 he waaJeft to bit own iu4|piKDnt ao (briniog andv. 
 executing his plans in every ixtdtance, except aoe*ii,'' 
 which he unfortunately negleil^ed, and by that n^ 
 lei£t facriflced iv firtttih army, and involved bis coui»^t 
 try in a degree of difgraoe it uever b^'orc had ex«s 
 pecienced. ■, '.■■^- ■■ •■ :'■ ■ . 
 
 How then, finoe. tbe BritiAi Commaadt^r bft<tj|^ 
 fonce/onijucb fuperior to his encmyy has it kappeoett; 
 that the rebellion has not been long ago fuppreifed ? 
 The cat^fOf however i^iiirepreftnM ob ikulidc of 
 the Atlantic^ is no fecret la America .^—tt lias been, 
 
 * Thrfe • ihftractjons were^ t6 -ftpport tjie Kwriicai Ann|Vf '' 
 «ndto mx^t a ctiverHon in its fttroMr on ttie Kew-Englan^- 
 Coafti. Lfffd Gcoree GormiinCs le|ter, |4 of M*rc|u 1777.^ • 
 
 
m 
 
 :f 
 
 \yi> 
 
 ( iJ ) 
 
 faiihfal fubjeftsj while the rebels have repeated it in 
 their pyblicatiotti with triumphant inlblente.--^ 
 Frietjdi «« lid foes unite in dcdaring that it has been 
 owing to Wskiik of wifdom in the jwans, and of vigour 
 ifnd'ijxertbn in theexcbutibn:.'' 
 " 'TbtUppbrr this triithV'fo urtivd-rally adopted ill 
 AitiWca, Itefotfe f dfefbftV»tttt)^rtictr!ars, Iwrllfirflr 
 trearif bf tliejetiera! cotiihi^ <^f the wai*. The€om- 
 M^ndcr B OiieFneviifbis^nlvis operations until thc^ 
 mWdle bf Jurt^. A ps^ft of tl^at tnonth, and the whole 
 of April and Wiy, wfieh thcj 'feafon ii moderate, and 
 hfdft bibjper for aftiori, aiid the rpadt ate good, were 
 waiit6hly vftzfttA j.wHilci'V^tifety of th|;ntoft cogent 
 mdtivfes poihtW to^'ih is^rtj'' tiim^aigrtV Irt thefe 
 months, the rebel atitiyivas always reduced to its 
 wealwft ftate. ' Ks ndrrfbcrs were diimniflied by in- 
 ce(Sht fatigtie, fickneft,'^ahd dclertlott*! aiid thdfe 
 whrt remained were hak«Jdi half ftafvticl, atld d^ftitiite 
 6f fitppliet;- UWti% in A^ and Mav'tliit rect^'ritg 
 for therfebd trmjrweit chiefl^yjirccured, whbcuold 
 rtevcr join It betorc June. And it was apparehiy 
 ririe^Vear, that the operation^ of the Brittfh arh* 
 
 II 
 
 ''• 
 
 as fodn'as begun, however indolent^ never failed to 
 Mlk the fpirits of the rebft^MOrt tb t«Ch^ dif^ree, as 
 f<itiafly to obftrcift tHe i^e<irulting fe^vice. I^ vain- 
 did thefe ii^ryiting, thefetmportunare ci!^cut^(lartce<? 
 prefs the General to ta)ce the field. He preferred 
 the pleafurea of indolence ^nd diflipation, toa dif- 
 crharge of- his duify to his country ; fooHfhly reftinor, 
 for, his viridication, upon an sipology as grottridlcfsv 
 sc$ it was 'uiVmiTitrfry. ♦** H^s '^t'liiy co(^ld not itfciv(f,'* 
 as is "allcrfg^d, ** until the green forage vras to be- 
 ** found on the gn)««d.**^ Had this been f^dc, the 
 
 fretn forage fs alwjkj's fuftitiently grown i in the mid- 
 le of May. But waVtng this, he knewdt'y forage 
 was much morehearty food for hts horfes than gi ecn-, 
 and that he might have car>ied thef^me foraj^e with 
 them for a time, which foftait^ed them in their qiiar- 
 «C" ' ^hP^,^ ^W was ,.fiai^^g forage 
 
 * Sir W. H— -'» Letter, March 5, X778. 
 
( as ) 
 
 of every kihd J and that he had ever obtained 
 it when hf^ood in nee<! oi" it, whctlier in the fiela 
 or in histjuarters*, audconfixjucntl^, th^^ h^ WH 
 not fail ut procuring it in any month in, thejeii^r, , ,, 
 I'he General afteded t^.]believ€;^| il).<t the.pcopjf 
 of that cpiantry wer^, gVi?erajfty* jti retellivn.'r-l fay 
 he acc(Sietl, bec^^ie l^<^M,t(W n^4l^* beliey^ Ji^^-?? 
 He had too m^ny .daily ^r^fi^qi^;,!^^^^^ 
 
 He faw Qcntleij^n pr fe^uqjicc , ^ap^/fe 
 flantly coming ovef^o^hii^iin^^f^^ <%uajr.^^ 
 field, and tendering liifilrffryjfie^.-^,^ i^W !?^PP'4*j 
 cd attempts inade oy, bp^i^s ojnj^b to (qrni, t^'cnir. 
 felves in ;)irms, and. tq.^ffiiiiiiip^J^ /^jppr.eiljng tb^ 
 
 i:ebelHon.--He f^w ra^aay pf ^]th^,jn^abjt>^ 
 
 impnfone4 aH julS^^;ii^hja^lj^^ 
 
 their loya|)t^|*-^il€i,l^)V-.,m^ 
 
 to uVejt^e oath^jof ^Ik^^^ngs.m, t|ie New Srff'tesL^v 
 
 or to ia!bjur.e tbpif^tHcrieign^^—Aud yet, aujtrar^ 
 
 to tteic, proof§>j\eVwifbi^^ng^y.of h 
 
 cers,,,/^ a^jfe^ed to^!beli%e ,ll^^ 
 
 clareidt that ^he jpepplc of t|jsit c^jjinj ry ^vej'e^ja'li^^ 
 
 unanIlTTi0wily?diiafie^e4 to^t||g CrQvvi>. ^ ^ l?;i^dfen>hwt^l 
 
 pretejjqc i^^ have, feen nrw, decline , tQ wnriU^ tbc 
 
 faithful aiid loyal fubje<^s ivijtb arws,/or to |vk)ce 4% 
 
 of t^ewell-affede^ forcp in tbe,,^oloni^8|tiO jiJTill; hir^" 
 
 in ^reducing,, or d^fod^i^. ,^t^r .^^M'^d^/'^fUf^. 
 
 W hen he paiTed througn iSfje^' Jerfey, nnd. drov^ 
 the panicr-jlr^sicl^, rebel force put ot tbat'cpMnto*^..^Q_ 
 ftcp was taicen ^tp , frnbo^y gnd arm the ,fii^nd^\ ot^ 
 
 \-MM-^^fri'^^'m'a'2^^ Mv^mi^* . .'-A 
 
 ym 
 
 *Slr^.H— ~-3 Le^tt^r, Jan, 17, ]t> Lnul Coi-ivw^I- 
 Us procures, " from U-' couritry, foiage fwil^cifm fi/r the wjlitcii*/ 
 ** confumptiyn.**''-'*-^ »'» «^'*^^ ).^ai?KVy iw^. /^gj^- Hltmi^ 
 
 X Sir William l^tfyffti letterfe prhve t'^e lr«hs;I haVe ^rti^e**¥i 
 vourcd to fgpport. — In that dated gtii June, i 6 , he fays, hejr/ 
 landed kis li-oops "to il>e,g?eat; j«y of a nicjll faithfu^ and loy4rj' 
 *' people,— Th-Ti h<j has gicat reafon 17 expect a iiumerQus body 
 " of the inhabitaiits to ioln the army from th6 provinces 6f ' 
 " *i-ew-York, the Jerfeys, and Connecticut ; who, in this tirao 
 *' of imivertal opprefllon, only Wait' for opportvinitici to give 
 ^ prool") of their loyalty and zeal to Government." 
 
 J*V. 
 
 "*--. ' '', 
 
pip" 
 
 ( H ) - ■ 
 
 emfyloyed in difarhimg the difHffe^d, in reiloring 
 I the profjfice (o his Majcftv** peace, «nd in defehd- 
 '« tnjgtt when th« army ffiouid proceed in if » other ite- 
 ii^eflary operutiohs. Itt. Phitliddbbta, where a Mi- 
 ^ !ttia might have been ^Ined ittwcient, wirhrhe af- 
 l^iiiktiee of rooo tegnhn^ind a f'ewvelfeli otvrar, 
 *»lbhkre defended ir agaiiift any ferce which could 
 I'have been broug^^l^inil it^ while the Britift army 
 t'Was op&rariftg againfft fhe main body oi the rebel 
 army, thtntJ Wai the fame unprtrdottabfc onriffion, 
 » although he remai4fed in that city near nine montht. 
 » Stnwly a cd<idu^ like thie wh$ contrary to found 
 4) policy ; nay> to the pfair: didatea of cottimon<fen(e. 
 i^ A fmall fhare of Icaojivled^ uf thai policy, would 
 r have taught the Britifii Commander, that noexten- 
 f five country wai ever yet reduced MtiA retained 
 without the alTiilahce of kt inhabitants; and that it 
 I ever has been rh«.pr*?!ice of all great ^eu, when 
 f'they have entered an extended territory with a view 
 of conquell, to gain a knowledge of tlm attachments 
 ■I oi the people, and to apply them to tire objeit^ they 
 ,; meant to obtain. And in order to this, if they 
 ^. found any parties difaffeded to the power tn oppo- 
 i fition, it was their pra<^icc to embrace them with 
 cordliiliry and confidence, and to attach them to 
 their intereft by every n>ean« which reafon could 
 fugged. But his conduct wa* a perfetSt contraft to 
 |> this pr;i<ftice. He entered a country in length i^oo, 
 and in breadth 300 miles. He found it divided into 
 i,%wo parties,— one, and by far the major part of the 
 I inhabitants, \Kere weil-a^e^ed to his meafures, and 
 , many were defirous to alSil in his operations. Did 
 % he take advantage of thefeimportant circuniftances .^ 
 , Pid he, with cordiality and confidence, embrace 
 J. >the well-afieifled ? Did he take one fiep which 
 tended to reconcile the people to his Majefty*s in- 
 tereft, or to bring them back to their former allegi- 
 ' \ ance, although he had a commifljon and ini^ruc- 
 ^ tions for that purpofe ? No ; on the contrary, the 
 '* advantages which might have been derived from 
 their parties^ and nttachnieuts tQ Great Britain, 
 
 \ 
 
■■ -■ -4 '^ \ ..;,•■- '^., 
 
 iVfcrc Entirely negleaisd ; at^d althtju^fa. he fa# i^rtJ 
 people, in difterti« part* of tlwf toiunuj, m<iklit| 
 every effoit in their pbw^ tp jiflSft htrt> j fct tvi 
 find ui^h his frroclaniauonty<an injuni^ioti oivmtth 
 ft) temaiH peacesikv in diek babitattoni,, «p\t)tinit 
 ^ leall l^vituctd* tdt^ke ii^^tms tn beli^f;d?th^ 
 
 ahtt (vbfiki ncccfdrwirti iiiit )»ifii€iif An l&juiiaibii 
 i^Mch aittoutkted, in «i{i^, ^to « ^Krofaiftittip, ^d 
 rendered it dangeroui, H ^e" unlawful, for thei^ i6 
 iA atherwife, becawfe t iitri^ tAmdt^ace ti» it tvaa 
 ^e paly ctrndhiott'tm #hkli be p;«|^£fiBd Hi^ iif» 
 M'aiufty tg ^rotefttoit. ' ' ^Itiftcaii ai ' thtrife ^leafurei 
 ^mchhoma^ity' and' iitei^ri jilted otrt^ivin ttet 
 hiiMi^'^lty^ detdai^^Mix% t0 'iheir dUty^.dtfaiet^; 
 Wli^ch'tt^d iiDt ^il'td,iiB^ttiti« tbttir li^Hat ftbtif iti* 
 fd^l pfcrfott and Ooi^irtiiiienr,"wehi^uVfacd; bt fufl 
 feiedtoW pirtfii<^d. A PVotlatrtaticw was'lhdee^ 
 'tffaet in his Majefty's name, promiifing prtit^dti 
 to all ^Kd Ihoiild come iti* ithd take the c5«ilri ttf-^lj 
 Ie^;ttf(?e. Tltdttfsittds dame in ' wherever the army 
 riitifchfed, and rook the oAth': but tHc roviil faith, 
 plc^geiJ tbr theti' fafeiy, #J^» dl»tt*ftj!l/ violated j 
 The unhappy people, inftcad of feecJJv^ug thfe'pto<» 
 fe^rfjnf ptAiVrH'^d, wcrti' jiltmdertd by thi Ibldiirty. 
 Theli* -^^^es Htt'd dnughtets -Urere vi^Ieirtly pdlliifed 
 by thc^liiftful brutality ©§ the bireJiVof mahkhtd ; 
 arid |f/ieo^* ind foc^ imftfctimtnatftly met With th* 
 fhftitf hathafian trwittfient. ' . = ;^ i 
 
 ' Jf ihtf BrrriA Otnctal #a» ihdoient and rter**»^i 
 ftjl irtjiutthig -a '^op to^^hfefe crtittlrfeT, ihtf'Rt.d 
 ^rfi«A|Htferiitfd the Neti^ Shitei? \V6te ndt fo Hf ^-^ 
 ▼^rt?!Y%4*rertt ttr thtiit mitt btttefir. EVery '^IRbhi 
 •<d^*arttia,^e Wtrt iWtdetjf th<jfe^iiortniiTe«*. Aftifay 
 vitS ware taken bt'Hhe plunder, tittd of evei'y rhtoc. 
 
 fUiii^iJm^ tli« faktb^if 111 tlie f t-o^iiMts u6 N««r YdHt and 1C«^ 
 Jkiffef;, mthfs purnber ot r«pi»,pe(}>etr»t<;(i on «^ vrirM anil 
 ii»ugh(frsaf.theiuhabit»iuv>'> thtp^jPctuwr^ IvtnU Eveniiijj Poi^ 
 of the z4tK Audt 29^ ©f April— .i!^^ fl, Ad ibtH of May, Tj;?, 
 
■■-¥- 
 
 ( ?6 ) 
 
 They were publiflied In all their apws-'pap^rs, tp^ 
 epragc the people againtt his Mijelfy and tte BVitifli 
 nation. Jht Britifli fpIdi^Vs vv^re leprerepied as 4 
 rate of m^nmot^einhunvia than fayages. "By th^ti 
 
 pry of firir 
 
 ^Howevit ,|;«jcii; "tJiefe^^': imfchiefs might tp, Jn 
 IPf^cng^ J"f^ Mlm they did 
 
 ^fe^SS/l ^^^y?¥5v Ji^j;:^^!^^^ 
 
 J**? 1^if# ^'^fr ,^^?. W Wvf J«»V9>V9. .^ji ^P,5%^ 
 f>:*»P,^* neavy ifaiffortwjM^s whicK?it,t^»JeiiJi WM 
 
 althppj^,^q had fwfficienpotiic6 9/101^ ,en^n^j*^pr 
 brojitA, coyld not fpi j^yhisi njen, whp.mpre auefli^YC^, 
 tb ^t)i? Jaicty orthcif plun^et than, their. dwt^,., W- 
 caipi^ dcat \tp ji\l 6/d^r% la thi^.ftatc thiey yi^M 
 ]i,rwwg^e4 a^dt^cp^.^ ^Ui^^:^^^ 
 
 . *W?f *^9*9^ »" the,5!"^^«^CQmmaii<fer yas coa-; 
 
 trarylq^pj^^ %|>^^^ <>^ hi&, pperations were 
 C<iy,ally ijijudi,cio,u^. , Ko gppd realon, nor cvca i| 
 p^^$pl^ one, caD,i»p,a/i^ed for hi: |;oin^ to the 
 fout|iward, uncU the tiorthj^r^ army had jpine^ bun* 
 Jvv^,qircum{^au<;e forbade 1$. lieJ^nejvLtMp^* 
 fep.l»'»*i Arf «J[tV pf ^h^ pQ^hcrn ar^^ and ^tlic 
 Jiiaji?jj)xje^ i| had t6(;ocpunt£r :^--fr^at uj^tis fop^w 
 thiTpugh aJ^9Amtry fille(il wi^h mpun'^mand mo^ 
 defiles :7-Tfot it wpujd meet vvlth .^^ cpfle<?ica 
 force p( ^he prpvince of New Xork^ and tbe four 
 jpaUcru Coiomcs :'— T^at thcfe w^re Vy ^ar the moil 
 cHiarfej^d to Goy^mment;— That their Militia 
 \vei;e more numerous, mpr&,caUIy colledj^ed^ ^liibftr 
 ter trained rh;in any others in America. And yet 
 we find him palling to tlie Southward, three hun- 
 dred- mi|Qa from Albany, into a country, which was 
 
^i^^ 
 
 
 ■■■• \ h\ ■::■. y-:::;p 
 
 the beft' affefted to Goverpincnt, and of courfe, th^ 
 |caft capable of op^iition* with an ar|n'j? of dbuSIp 
 il^p li'uiT^er of troops wlitch compofeid t^iat ujjdcr 
 General Burgl);^'ne^ and thereby j^ut^iri^^^ PA^^f 
 lib power to Hippbrt or relieve that army witb WDJpH 
 It was intendwl fte ihould co-Qjjj^pitc. 'Itx^t^m 0^ 
 ■Veil, affifte^ y^' the pr«ii|ji fleej;^ ;^®^9 ^'^^^r^X ^^ 
 carry 6n tjbieopetai^ii^n.T^ a^comurj^ 
 
 ivbich Mt ac'knbw!edgcs tb' iwe'in'gener^l \y^ll affet> 
 ted to Government^ ,fee muil ceripnly tiyp\^^^ 
 one third bf that fttiliA^et weie not jyvflit^rent ,to pp^- 
 pofe the uniteti fbrc^ot" W(^ ii've <nofliiilljae(5fed of 
 
 was 
 tlie 
 
 ««wij^uw ^iic A.'Wiiucru.^iM>y » viiiiu, mill ui Vaiiyiiie 
 
 i^mMikct %"^pe SoiuhfvArdV withb^t *?;.ivin| 
 even a cdrps JfuAvilen^'M'riia'ke' a tfiverfion' m itJs^ fa- 
 vbiir.' "f he' 'nq6iftif j bP^ftiS dVyer0ori bii thje ' coVfts 
 ©rNciil^ Eftgttftd wiih idbbi tfbbp^, was obvious tp 
 tVidiy^Man of fciii^.— It wbald have jpircyepted in ^ 
 frfcat Vne^furc the militia Iti that part of tiije ^ountry 
 ttOift- jbf^tng' Gitcs^ and, beyond all doiibt^ it would 
 have enabled General Burgoyne have oppofea 
 With fudeefiithie force with which h^1ia5tb cpoe.' ;j 
 But 'If 'we e*cn fujVjJ<^fe that th'd Vxpbditibii^w 
 Pennl^'Ivama was an Eligible mea^fure, why , Was it 
 riot profectited agteeabfy ^ hiis fitft plan, by'itiarclii 
 ing Kb army through mi^^t^rfcys, and ifendihg fh^ 
 fleet u|i the l!)fel{i^are^ -^TT^'t^ 
 vetit It.i— Port toons were'birrr^, dM&t •fiat-Sblt<JiTi*ll 
 
 fnterruptlons by rains*— vvjoy was ionigr_ 
 ed an army taken from the' Ifrght of aii etiemy! of nb? 
 half its force, put an boa i^d si fleet/ and eJ^pbfe'd to 
 kU iht dangers of the ! oceatj ; to ' gb' ' bV #i^ter 6dd 
 
 :q . 
 
 I977i recommending tlu3 meafure in the Aron^ell teims. 
 
 ♦ > 
 
\ . ' 
 
 milcMP g^plgcp, which was jiot 60 luUcs (Jift^ai by 
 land frofp, the fpbt whence jhcy marchetj to eitibarj:. 
 '4i\d '^t a X^afpAof ihf yr^r w.hen he knew the South^ 
 wc/'^i w'ln^s wppia, iu all probability, oppolie cyefy 
 ^^»if - 2f,H BjiHigq; ? ; i'A'p^d iv>jv, jvheii Philaj4elph jfi 
 ^^as his.Qbi"^, ?%\f)c had e2^pejieiix:^4, the 9pW^ 
 JitiGo of .t^e tra^e- w irid, dfi^ he ' obftiniitely perijjl^ 
 \p hi? 'c'Cc^V^fWu? fpute,- whefi htj knew that neiiher 
 
 pl;i;n$, PM.t ; baften tp refeia^ks on thetr ?:f ecu ti^n, 
 ttXlS^ WW Ihe\v that they ivefc/dundett in iffrwrancc 
 
 P^i^f f^}mWi^''4^MxM P^'rf^tioM of the w, 
 5P,giV.^ f i«\c. iQr a fianjc-^ruick ea^noy to jcccgver 
 jr><^ir,;j/i>»rUf, an^ to i^ecrt^it i\\eix eaioeblea torcc^ 
 
 tban7f9 nipprqfs tKcV.^bei^^^' , ,V i' ^^ 
 
 ]^ The.^PQfations on'^jpng-tflatitl^ Tfit^'^^ork^M-^ 
 ylinjifp 1p^iR3^ and^i'ii.' liie march fcanx ,«n.cuei ij? 
 ]P^i;g«jfwi,yc^ jbavfc beep wplJ estplaJned. I ftiall^ cbB* 
 ^W if^/W V^Sre/or9»f wf%Tenjarkj^ tolfuvi 
 jKa^tj&ejfuppnoijJprcj? of ^% Bfi^ll^ armyi^ j*r^.^ 
 vjJtbiiQ Ai^?u].ty Ja, d{fjffiwting,xhe ctnemyio every 
 Satt|ef\ '^Auf jet i«."|etti ail, the BiaiiJh Qom^ma»dar 
 (uflferc.4 Jiis ciiipiiiy to efcape without puVfrnt !' ^' In 
 -iibe, Ifjldjl pf yi^'ory, the aVdour of his troops was 
 iup^rcfl^d^; :aRd the chace forbid, This faa is as 
 true 9» t^y^ iSugular, aud oug^t to be r^p^embered. 
 Igdcg^ r^,<^W?*>o' wel} \^ forgpt^ as ^very operuriou 
 
 Will ^termMi?». vvhe;n it ij jcnow^. fbat toe reoH 
 irqny Sy^i mirhiy a neAV-ralled, unpifapUned cprpij, 
 wbi^ji a yjftoVy and -vi^^orous pu)-fuit |i(^ii^er yet faiieJ 
 io d^ftripyt, o.r finally dili^^rle. ' 
 
 ^1 At B» uafwjpk, U\ Deceniber, 1776, X^or^ Cot mvab- 
 iit ^as. ypon the fteels of the.en^nw.-^^Tbji^/d^jl^ilt^ 
 tion pF a bridge over the I^riton iaved Hheni — ^only 
 for a few hours; — their further fecurity was owing 
 %o (bo orders received by that Ngblemjiii t% Halt 
 
ElB?!:^ 
 
 ( 29; ) ^;- '^ ■ — ' 
 
 at Brunfvvick. The Rariton is fordiible at that 
 place, in every recefs ot' the tide ; — and had the' 
 noble General been letttoudlat his own difcr^tibn, 
 he migfir, and |K) doubt would, have paifued hi* 
 Cttfttbfed enemy to iht Ddaware, oVer whicli tfiey' 
 nevfer "*c6ul4 have paffed, ivitlfeitt falliftg jn«)'hil4 
 
 ^- At Brunrwick, the Britij(hal-my" halted nCtV*i 
 week. Wa(hington*9, cbnfiftingof 3660 mefij'la/ 
 at Frirtce Town, fevent<pen;mile3,— and atTrcntdWri 
 on the Delaware, twenty-ninfe iniles diftaht,"wilh , 
 all his heavy cannon and baggage.— Many perf6nt 
 \^'ere aftbniflied at his tfrneriiy, in remaining ji\ve«k 
 fo ncaf the fupenpr torcc. ^t the B1"irt^ army, viitH 
 a larg6 river i^ his tear ^6'crofe*|~ah^ fomfe tifhii 
 own officers cenfuredlils' foliy^^fbTiisface^ But he^ 
 on this, as on every otber occafion, relied on th^ 
 indolent progrcfs of the Britilh army. On the 'jth ' 
 of December, the army marehed from Brunfwick at 
 four o'clock in the morning, and iarrived at Prince ' 
 Town in the afternoon about the fame ht>ur. Waih^ 
 ington in p^rfon, with Btirfing's bfigad^,' Ifeft that 
 place'not one hotir before its arrival. At twclv^ 
 o^clock at night, hfe began to embark his heav]^ 
 baggage and artillery, and did not finifli padihg hU 
 army over the river till three o'clock in the aftet- 
 noon» Nev^r was there a fairer opportunity of 
 gaining a final vidlory, than that now pfferedby thd 
 Reb^l to the .Britilh Q^neral, who migfhr by a forced 
 mafch of 3 or 4000 men, have overtaken and d**- 
 ffroyed the jTmail pjinie»ftruck .emaihs of the ftbel 
 farce, with alt their baggage and artilldfy. B ift he 
 defpifed a condud^ fo ungenerous agaihfl a defeitt^d 
 enemy. He waited at Prince Tovyn feventfeerii 
 hours, marched at nine o'clock in the mornifig df 
 the eighth, andarrived at Trentown at fbur,6*Clock 
 in the afternoon, when the laft boat of ifie rebel 
 etnbafkatipn croffed theriver | "thilis he tbok leveti 
 hours to march twelve Ihort miles, calculating witL 
 ifeat afcc-ufacy, the ?xi&i time ueceflHri' lor hk 
 
 ^eroy (q efcape 
 
 Pi 
 
 At 
 
( y> > 
 
 At tills time, the {la^ic ftrifing^ from the f^ftraib 
 ^eats of the rcbels'^t Long Iflrtnd, New Yorlf* Ui^ 
 White Plains, andtheprogrci'aot the army throtHgfc 
 l^ew JcribV;, hajd e^^endid itfclf tVoJin the mili\zfy( 
 t^ aU'tlkto^ civil <fepartnieiir« of th& ^few Staler,, sum 
 f|urt|«uMitljf: >!>"tHP Mictdte Colonics. The Gover- 
 nbf. Council, Aflembly, and Magiftracy of New 
 je^fip)?, %u}(^dfe«t«d theprariiuTQ. The rebi^i £prate 
 ^ • l^hftiflidei^hia bad difperfed, atid the Congvei^ 
 tbendeWes giren cip all as loll;, fled with great jMe- 
 ^ip'^tation into Maryland^-^QcHes'al 'Mifflin^ atni 
 ^hers attempted ia vaiiVto K^ifethe niilkiiiof P«!iin«^ 
 fylvania;; Three c^f tKe ^vifticrp*! citJKeERs ht Phila^ 
 ^Iph|9, ifi behalf oJF the Vei>v w<kirdd <ui Cong,(ei» 
 ^ipvelhteir fiight, and boldly informed thejiv, that 
 tMy Ititended tor meet i^iv^' William Hxmc^ and ira<. 
 plore hfs pirote6tion-*-to which the Coogrefs didnqt 
 objt&. And all the Middlie Cotoniea were ready 
 tpfubmit; the loyaliils from princfpley and the 
 rebels from an opinion that the Britiih troops, hi* 
 tlfeito vi^iorious, wcr^ invincible. Hmnibal h^d 
 fiot fr certaiti aa oppdr^opmtj of reducing l^oauy i\^ 
 <i>e Brijifh General had at thifr time ot effe<ftu^l}f 
 ^pprcffing the rebellion by crofling tluc Delawa^ft 
 Brery one cxpecSkcd th« he would pafs that river^ 
 a» it IS fo eaiily practicable, and as itmuil have been 
 folK>wed by the grcateil: advantages. Boats, pan* 
 fodns, or rafts, might have been built in a few days, 
 itnd> the Delaware croiFed in a variety of places ;•*• 
 th^e Country was full of proviiio^is, wlficb th&ii^hao 
 hirants were ready to fupply; —-and nothing^ould bo 
 wanting to #eiwier the quarters of the Britife troop* 
 much more o6mfortable at £.>ancaf!er, l^e^dlngy ov 
 Philadelphia, than they could poilibly^ jbi at New 
 York or in Jerfey j but this great oppartunity of 
 giving; a fatal blow to the rebellion was negLe^ced^ 
 i|[ithout the lead apparent reafon. 
 - The General having refcJved riot to cfqC* th^ 
 Bdlaware, began to form his winter canionniec^s^ 
 24 tlu$ inftance be difcovered no more xnilittMry 
 
judgment tiup.; hp, VV.%**'»» VtRP »^ IWAmwi; ^U 
 eacwy. He,, ^t)^rG4 an«ji r CJffenwka ||vevcs . jtCQW/ 
 BUrUugtonf,to.NiJyv.Ycw:k^ a,fjjap^pf,a|p)Q^ nioiqty/ 
 mjlea^^ divi4i^jj his for^e mto Ti^wU, 4ifti^J]|j»|:lifiHC 
 IwUe to.jae cut %4 by the cinenVy^QUQ irftcf jjji^'t^r^j 
 witb ciife. But this,W4i .noi; iiJ^tj-jwoft f^^>fv|i[ajW^ 
 p^m of Uift coi\^<^ ; t^^ , t rdmier , |^qit», , pj .jfiofci 
 neweA ^<> the fiftei^ny, w^i^ cqi?iF?>^rt^ Wi^he,^IPil 
 
 languagipof the couorry. O^neot ^lvemlctf-^tTr^H*| 
 tQwn, the mail in?port{W jp»t>ii,p Ws wh9le,,|irie q)^ 
 camonimms^ we^Mn%<if i^P totally ^^fjfejtq^Jji^ 
 
 %»jl)? i»)»«iff»wd. with ft$<^tiqi49r8ft.. TUfi.itffeeJji 
 at Borde WOWRv . W^»i /eqttftU)i^f-fVv e ai?4 ; a- fioo<l 
 dier, but uijiw^^VviJrnteri.^'^^^lhf.^ppoiijq^jt^ €o*»M?f 
 tyy, and their ch^iaji^rs,; ,iiwi4ioi courfe Uab^c jta,b^j 
 deceived in his ifttelU^WfiCW ^l»eie piplW, though, 
 lying vviihiu |ig^t of the cfl^y, having pijly tjli^^* 
 Delaware between them,, were thevveakeu i^refpe*^,^ 
 to the number oC troopa in the whole iia^oC Qui^-^^ 
 tpajue,ijttSr ThjB jpofl: of Tripintpjvn, oppofrte to whk^ 
 W^ington |ay,WvHh the; ' n^fiin body of V^i^^^nny,; 
 and, with boai;i jjrepareci to cmiif tl\c PclijiWre at; 
 liis ple^fwre, was , comnianded by . Cojioi^el R^f^il^yji 
 with i;zo9 Heffiafts only ta defend it :* an4 t,lxofe^fJ' 
 Bordentown* White Horfe^ at)d Burlingtonyi iWirl^^ 
 only 2J0OQ Wilder Colonei de I)onop^ 1^ this weai;^ 
 iiate, the frontier pofla, thepofts pf moA^ *^i?*Sf'Vn 
 we»V? left l^y the,Cpn)n|a»>4??' ^t^ Chief j. wljilc.tQ tfej^/ 
 ^rprize q^ every man of .coii>i;Aon refk^Uon^ Xapt' 
 QChsr polls we rie^ iua4e Wronger and i^rpnger, ^a ^^1%; 
 di^aiyce fropa the eueipy* a|)d cpnGsqpentlv tlienr^ 
 da0ger4eci;eaired* Bu|,>vbat wasjyet more auopiiti*; 
 ing« and tnor^b inconiiilent if^pomble, yirit)i militarj^ 
 policy, wi^« that theCe; frontier cantonnjents, daily, ' 
 cxpofed to tiie attacks ojf the enemy, were kft with-j 
 out a li ogle redoubt or ijpi.trenchment to which the. 
 troopf inig^jt retreat in ca^ bf a furprife or att^ckn 
 ipbtii\theyj99^l4 Jie re^eyedjfo^^tbe other poilsf ,4 
 'tlra^v/""'"^'"^'''*^^'''^^''' ■■^'r^-'^'^^y- :-''"■''■' Hitherto ^ 
 
 .>M». 
 
HI J 
 
 ( 3^ ) 
 
 Hitli^l^^ffc^ 'Bi^iih nix^pt, Uaa carried viab't^i 
 vrhtttirtfrtiiey pcrOl^, and th^ omqioo that they* 
 wereiiivinclliie wftt deeply ihtpre&d <A1 the enemy. - 
 JltWAf^•Wa^tngton*t duty to take o^ thnt iittprefliuif,| 
 iffo9^\ci Th^*5t«bt and dtietWeleU ft.rte'ot^"<hie^ 
 BntiftHsrtowijiienti^iit'ehrm'tHe Fdirewoppwr^irtiit)-.'' 
 Hether^foro niij,iiiiitfc'ii anViftaQh up«in Ti-entp\vA.l 
 Butin orU^r tdvdr^w Cdonel' dfe Donopi fr(rtiy'hrt' 
 poiEat Boir4ehtui<rlR, 9Qdjto prevent his fitpi'>oTting 
 Cok)n'el l^lu^le at thie;<i,nTe ofJhe affnylt, he fent ?» 
 cptps of 4J0 ;ni.li|[i^, ijaany igf whcm were boy« 
 picked up in |?hiU\ileiphia, to I^^ount Hojly, with 
 orders iiot to Hghr^ but%;i^ fponas the eftcdt bf the 
 jnasepttvre had' takeii^ j^i^. The plan lucceed'edk' 
 Cdiboel de ikji^p' nwrchc^^ainft thfsTnfigriificani 
 part Qd^ the tebel force M<v^hw wb9le^ corps ot' loco 
 men \e\ghtyi l^t^^^/Bor^cnioy^ni ep:ce|)ted) do\vi^ 
 to Mount HoUy, twelve itiilea from his own pofF,' 
 and eighteen ^rohi TreiitowTii, thept»ft he ought to 
 have been ' af hapd to fupport. ^ The rebel corps 
 immediately Hed Ttiid difperfed on hi? approach ; 
 and yet, initead^bf immedfate^lv ijfttiirning to Bordetu' 
 town, to fupport Colooei Rjife, he remained loittr* 
 ingtwadays hi the neighbourhood of 3urJingloiii, 
 withc^u^ hftvittg a llngle enemy to oppofe*^ WafhSag- 
 ttm flow fitw \ht fnomcnt of fuccef8,,_0nd embraced 
 it. iie crbiTed the Delaware with 2800 men, and 
 afl*a\ilted Trentown. CQlo»etRaile wa» unprepared,' 
 ^though ^c had received repeated information of 
 r^e enen>y*d„defign, and hii^ repiilfi^ their advanced 
 ^^y XJiWthe preeedifig eyenyig.' He aittempted in' 
 3ii^ii\ ^t|^form Uis'men, whoj, aftenti^^ tmly to the?!*' 
 pl^ndejf, w^ ideaf tip all orders. Colone? Raile 
 ^'lijras tjrtcdjiand li^phr loqb tif his corps were ttiken 
 ;prifbHers. ^uccefs ivjiich furpplfed, the molVfan* 
 ,guitie hopes of the rebel Commander, having.thua 
 fr6vrned his defign, he dreaded every moment the 
 ^.9ppr6ach of the troopj^und^r penei^I Leilit froiii' 
 )l?ritijce Towii, or Cpltjhei de Donop » froifl l^ffiunt* 
 ^lioiljr, ^qd fled with^the uttiioft prccipitatignr to hit* 
 iiUuLv.,'*' "winter 
 
 • >;*' ^A»!>*-i:l ■ 
 
 ■. '.• , I" ;•" ,' ■ 
 
 :'-^' 
 
( 33 ) 
 
 wintcr.-aMl3>'ter« on the w^ft fide of the Dthwure, 
 He haU'no thoughts' of takrn^iicw qUaif|«ia i^ Mew 
 Jcrfey, bcoofi^' wj did hot doi5>%: bilt th*"6rif iA'Cbtti 
 
 Tt war t>pccfl5ry ^o th<S >fcfef^ati|Qh^ of^VT^eft New- 
 terfey, ft) Utcly tortqUevedi'at Wis licceflTary tdfiiusjr 
 
 the, eijeiWy, thit Bi^tJlA 'Yrci^^aKliH^k'*'^ ^^ 
 be nj'fi>r&d» tct <fo£ld rlrcfeWf Ifie Jbrimfefffiftd^ 
 that 'm^rirfe. ' ^^ Alia k \v^^' J)W«k:i*1^ w»t%at»t <fe^ 
 ^fer. a^'th'c BtWfh trdo^^ »i^e^e liteilf*?^ dmci Ajfi^. 
 ^fo^in n«^)5cr, befidc^'^f t^lciir' uiperiority in mUitarjf 
 ^^ituplfncartd exbcrJMjfe^, r6'tHc ciieiny'^^ '* 
 
 «* But W»e RebffChief found hiiiii^K agreeably mif- 
 
 iH 
 
 m 
 
 BUCiK? of tljc two ncarejt f<>rE>s ii^iifKmately-mar.cftj" 
 iii tb 'g^u^ Vl»at Jiid i)<kn fyl^dq^y TolL Coli 
 «T4^ Donot^'i^^do^^^ '«iid' moved ^i^ink 
 
 tiUl IGcneif^" Grunt Joi^ird th^ ' fw)nf( .^jr- ^v* '^r 
 ' A cowfufl orthis: lup«l,^ vyhlcli. was attcftflcd w.^m 
 
 » vfew to <Jicuuy 'Tffcn^bwi^,' ffom -*-— *^ "^-^^ *^ 
 • * •• r^fe-barr^gjIh^'Britifti 
 iT^iongctgnt day?. 
 
 .^ rf^flff« 9ic Bariisi «jt »w »^pji^ 
 
 wari^^ tie aiawjcrwa JOiak;fV^eV'f n^;n\i^fc|^ 
 ^rciitowik W,jtl^il?(bv 4Qop i^p.. Xof.^QoctiW^i^u^ 
 
 * ■■ ■ '_ 
 
( 34 ) 
 
 marcVd agauill Waihlngfon, witli the ctfr^JtSfflB*- 
 tn&ndci by^pe'D^ralt Oranr, Lellie^ and CMohel 6^^ 
 Donbt)', 9 Torcc kVca^Iy 'fuperih*' to tfcat vitAer thi* 
 Rehef'Gtn^ril, an^ <^t+r^ tfW "i^tili Mm at Tre'n- 
 tlMn'-^n'^ttM e^ewW, ihVej|»ding to oh in en;! 
 
 S^K ftcfi ptedpitii. 
 
 and 
 th^morWh^rfefj 
 
 treat W?th'YH<i"gi«f3 oPKii^ittrii', 'met wftH tHe r^tli'' 
 
 ccl> b«itr-tfie viWbf thfc'efftttriy, and, puftlng AjS 
 \fara; t5ttt thi^^ thttfWhiy; and joined Oehiyfkt 
 Ldl^fe. WifljJbitoil brdcc^dcd'in hi» MhrcH^ia 
 HotrUr6^n, '«Sd th/ifiti^ TVooj)'! -mitrA^a "t(*^ 
 ^u<i|\vicic, giving Up^ cHry tobft ^er pollfcfled'Itf* 
 
 rThei^'«^{<ife^iWn^ lb W^jtrpticdbWIto all iM^! 
 thuiTaftiwaS, tKrft ineii'of fenfe' ffo6d amAzifd. Thcj^^ 
 could l^tM; u|iort any ]|/rinciple of rieafon, account fof • 
 th^ blttAdtiif s ili^ )n ihe injudicious canrbninenttof:' 
 
 it"? 
 
 f 
 
 The cantbtimaAs fiffr.cfl fiWn th^' ^Ac^nV; In h6t ri!-'*; 
 t!flctii| iA)fleifSonf of t'ie ^ftir dn tKfe Dan^s 6f th<f:^ 
 I>ehtt«re, a« iihofe jiofts fib^ttitd ahd'cbVerc^ the tf ho!e^ 
 ptMJhcier^ d^'l»Jievi^ Jerteyv Sitif the iiV^ fotitied an*' 
 ciwelten* bafrlitt' agkmft tliii cBteihy^»~art^cW j attcf^ 
 ii^llr! hi tf^tiii(a¥fti?ni^md' ^iW^f^ to OoVcrirf^ 
 
 how 
 
 ', ^- 
 
.1'/ 
 
 I- 'it 
 
 Ibfi 
 
 ? in 
 
 (: 35 ) 
 
 how, ith^d.been po^le.£prjH5 BritiOi <?^ief, at th^ 
 head' af" ^e^r 39,090 .htgn-)^iri^d vetera^ and vx(fUh> 
 t/Qua^of^Dfi, \i^ fufer^u arii^y of RcIh^U, umiifci-' 
 P'V"5i ?ftd PW»»Crftruck, confiding ot not^i^ l^^paiie 
 qdiUo^ nvin)be/»i tojcvaf^\nUi a prov^Cj he |)a4 
 
 con J^c^ucocM w hl9)k^# n4tfi59iUr aupi^^^^l^^ 
 *^^yt?f«fF ilrujkwitjK ,wf^yi|fi,der|>i!i|5p/th^ law 
 thi^C ^1(;. roiftakcs ivc^uj4, revive t^f8 JfftnP" Mtlnr^ 
 
 -ttAr* W W^^jJWIR Wy^ ^" their. vVii|<^rciiiaf- 
 tcrt^^t i^ ^^a. &pi;t,;yievv pf th? condudl of their: 
 Comnian^f^ ,Vy aihi^giq^/awr that hi» fitnat ion tlfl" > 
 OTan4f« f ate^W>2« a«d f??^W tfeiAw that they 
 
 r^c |^9r loft imit^ an/j[ ^hat, ^hereby, the Britifli 
 itfVfkV .^mM y^^iiaLfif^d ani djmi nilh<?d. ^ F0»,\h6ftl 
 
 blf^ when comps^rcd with KJ^f^^bf, t^h^ Bri^i^ frt^e, 
 h«^ltfaY8 took a po^tiqi^fiieaj'! it,t;.wh<;nce^:he;n)]gh.C)< 
 with cafe .i^ijTuUj furf rife, apd,f^ ^^ i^o^t-j^p/ls and 
 pick^y ;|^ this rn^de ,v.f vvar. he cop^J^ntl^y jcipi^Jay-i 
 
 ^d,I^«^rs ip,gfir!;i)ti»%,,l?y t)^^ •ipeafjai^ b<5« as 
 lal?p|icj\i8 and lev^^ api \^(5i^ tj^ey ^eteJnjTbe fii^ldi;^ 
 ^nd ^ny pi , fhcnuyferiC? !9^t Q^ in thf^fe ex^uriion* t 
 which, were neceflijry tOj^]?\4(e:^ci«ceflE«u attacks 
 of t^jp'cqeiny--m9re te %» ij^t%iPP«i>oii o£ wany 
 
 U()on Wafl|in^|i> j^holf ^/prcj^u which, 1xjin|j at: 
 thi? time; Jclithp^Q^ troops, jnighi:- 
 
 >**■'; 
 
*' 
 
 >- 
 
 K'!*:' 
 
 :^' 
 
 I 
 
 ( 36 ) ' 
 
 culty, by a fifth parr of the Btithli army. Such mruk 
 the policgr of the R^ Chief, white tls»t M tH^ 
 Btitifl^Ocnenil forrhsd a ]>ef led cobtrrtMo k^ i«B^f^ 
 
 ^itme of ^TveTv iika «»r' mifhttiry citteTptiifee, 'WftrfJW*' 
 
 'di|isi|if«l^i6r eiiiOriy, 4urit^the^psu:i-^«t nbko^thlv 
 ,4^ Wimitiii withiil lc\rcmtr-^Tf itiiWi«f h5iPii^a<riq4»W 
 ittt. wiiiiou^ ii^ltfftiitierij |'':^4i <:6iithli]tti% 'id 4it^ 
 :«t6i^liibef8 hU trooptHAOiMpy^iky; «X/1^> iV;>uu.j 
 
 BfitiQi f'od^ ui the J«rfie^ rttt!»njietl^ in U^ d^i 
 ^gr%0am fittiatbfi, the C(^M^ttei& ioid' this Hebel^Sffttti 
 in '4#ery quinnei were ^«|^nf every 'ei^tti^ 46 r<ji 
 ci^^WmAf^o^''^itmy, »tft fac^h w^thi ffi^iffhi^ 
 tlon of the ^lififry, i%at ittfcft w<HiIiJ Ir^tst iMil^^^ 
 wh-n atj^^**^i^r6rt< tk^ miiii^ fhej^ ftediHitfi th^lif 
 diAr^jt'tsi td i)fi«fi^ Wheit^' theyvf^^tk mk^^y'piSt 
 when cmtkjdie'd,' they dftc*. iWiferted ii* f^hol^Mm- 
 panies before they joined live artuy,. 'UmU Hiebe*^ 
 ginning pi JunCy Wafliingwii** Mumberl* idW W9^ 
 amoimt to eight thoUfand misfi, niiljtia ti<fi)m)bd ^ 
 xudeed all experience hab Ih^^Wii that the R^i ^T^ 
 cbul4 ntver colka tlrtflr tarte ti!f tHc middle bf iH^ 
 month. This cifcuhitbiiiCe playiity dia^ted'thlijl^ 
 policy df an ea^ly <mii^ittt i b\it thclrHiA' cBtt^J 
 mandcrftid, IV Wa§1nip«>ffifeie io'iipe»i)^t t^f^aig^ 
 till the g*eeri fbfage W6» dn the gftiUrtdl He ^i^hS^ 
 did liot, or woald ndt cb^fidftV th^ th^tduttm- \i^ 
 full of grain, h^y, iJttd Ut-y fotage, itod that t\mvttii 
 mijch ib be priif/B'ited ta^jreen^ ,*trhrdh vrduM fattiift' 
 fcoUr tfiHl vJcaKen 'hiS Borft^s, i:^5ih i^dtt t^ Ae 
 ftrerigth j' ^«a'tj^i*8 kfnd 6f fdhii^'if^iiy;' ftrfhtj 
 hivelfeH Jh fei^ migakiii^, dr Mfii1fa#'|^tdt{uj 
 in his riarch tliroiig^h ihe cdifirth'J^s he had OtikeWf 
 the M cifffcpdrgm HoWevef 'thi(?flB tdiifidl^ii^tib^^^ 
 cdded to Wrtfliingmn's Wfcalc ftatj;, and'ihft iw^cafe 
 of hii forcel whi<ifc was ti^tuifally td'be iyt<e<5fcd, had 
 ho weight #ii1i hi^. tttfdti.tfof'btiiJiVtWaifeifetgri 
 
 <in thiA 2t^ of : jttfit. bk tMdiiJ.tiie'^iMm'i 
 
 neral af!<*nfblfcd his <rb«jj^s^^i^»nW}cl/Wlftil^rij^<i 
 w«^ftcrfh»t»ed dft ft B^tiiWdttrQuft>%Ic1fdivrt/^wbtrt 
 
 nine 
 
 
 B 
 
 h 
 
 I.. 
 
nine 
 
 nittrm»ta» from that places on. the ifortb^ fidtpoi Uii|i , 
 RaritM^ wittv fewdr tlian 6000 undiicrjjAincd tnd^^ 
 b*iUy apfiotnted troopB ; whiick mth a corps undert 
 Sulliyany of 2000 men at Prince Town, co mp tt fe ili 
 hi«^u%olr fbrcioi' His c^nepwir (itr frofm^b^iig.m«v^ 
 aeoefll^^p fortifleik > It^wat^cfenfibie in froot^Jbti^ 
 cimft it? was gu«r<ted )yyi the R»ric<n, aadtfaji^tti 
 
 \^ard« tlirniQum«ia% ei^ oa< hi»rfgiici^ towwdrr tiiai^ 
 'O^msm^ iv wm by wo tawm impta^iaik^ Hhatti 
 Hiere t«fge^ sind ^oM^roivdiae^uBd} ity^ lesdin^'linnit 
 Bruafprid^i on^eitlierfi^af ili^riv^ni lhtuii.*^tt« 
 Wa<hingiiDi»fcaufely> remin?3e^ arif^ he wa n^c&h^* 
 acqiitotmed'whh th* itaiend^d morGmentf ofethft Bi»%' 
 thhariBy; hon^v^r, whether ke kocivithemior nor^. 
 thet» w^e f^tt^y ^'.routtiilaiicct thac> potBttdtheni} 
 ouH 'PheBHciirr Commander iiarcfaevl bit snmy,. 
 i.i:'tM«> columns, to Middle Bufli and^HiUftorDugii^. 
 t«iF9 viit^t lying ina lefv# level couctm perfe^iyv 
 overloilKd by Waihingtoo, md'on tbeiouth Qdeoif: 
 the-AaritoDt koepingtbat river, which was not at: 
 thai time fordable^ betweenbii amy rnd the enemy^ 
 Proviiions for a few d^» only w«rs taken fromt 
 BtHiniWickf. The pv«ntoon« imd flattboctomed bcMittt 
 were left^t that placd) and the fleet 1^ ready at Sta<» 
 ten Jilimd to receive the antiy, Thc^ circuindimc^r 
 lAthAy inlbrmwi WnihtngtOA ifhatf^ir William Hovver> 
 did not memi to crofV the delawdfe, and tivac be wasi 
 ntit amnoui to'britig on an i^ion; Judging) from) 
 henees or knowing by f<^me other me^asthe Britlfoi 
 General's' defi(gn6|- he rettiainedjai eaie in bistC^fvip,^ 
 ciQnteutitig hinifeU with infuiting and harraHing the 
 BritlOi picKetSy by his parties daily feat out for that 
 pUfpoffei 
 
 . Qh tlite ajjproach of the troopis towJirds Prince, 
 Tc^AV^M^"^^^^*'^^^ in<a pauic to the Delaware, aiuL 
 began to embark his men, but was ilopped by anor-* v 
 der> from*Walhingtoii, andtc*5)bpaft^'AtHemiogio«v9i» 
 Ih t^icftr pofitipns the tvro arniics renMtneditrom-the' 
 i^lhtta.the. 19th of Juj|e,.in wbich timetbeHfitilhi 
 QtnSf jd*<beina;,dei:mslhed^ to leaircibnie jQoiuimenc> 
 
 f^»t 
 
 |.. M 
 
. ( 38 ) 
 
 of hit w^iOM ^dA mili/aty Jn'll behind hiaii built 
 t|ir?e iajr£p redoubts, which he left undenMHiihed, to 
 be fotimGA % thiB eneniy as theti' occafions mieht 
 
 >.,4nono pg^ of tile rewTlion wd-c the sffetifi' of the. 5 
 l^lsf)^'? Sate fo critical and loW^ at this period.^ 
 Gatid's army did ndt aitfourit to 5006 men> noTi 
 .^^^^ti^n's tq 8090, tpiiitia included. Sir Guy^ 
 jC^ie^^rwas ajboulf yc^a^jproach onrthe norths atidSirr 
 J^^i^^roBoyrc, #i^>W«>o'irt^ was in theiicldi^ 
 f H mf^^9^ ^'* go)f»tem^tiBTe'eActtjy. ^ The affaalting » 
 (|||lw i^telcamp, pt- th^ lht<^rce|iting of its provi-i 
 ficDs/and tfic reducing 6^ It tiy ^ uegt ) bt if Waflr-.> 
 ^uigtpii^d 1^ accident cfcaMd, a vigorous purfuit » 
 
 .t»nt.cc«A»^Meee^s^ ...Thifc F^te of all the retel maga* 
 fzlnes we!ftwaKd 0/ Nil^dejpiij^,' <Jf the refcel pofts on, 
 ^fhe North riy^r, and; tBe fd/^^ bf tlie Northern itrmy j 
 ^ere Jnypi^ed iQ jli^fe ^Mjr^i Had ihe,Brviih 
 ^ofiy defeated or d}fj;^'rfe(i' W affimgfe^ -^ 
 
 jtithcV^a a^TaMlt 9**;^^ 
 
 icdied, it ivQuld hav=^e li^ett iiiipriidticijbje for rfie 
 
 ^lj(iLei)el States, wUh allfheifpbffible exetttPnSi tobanre 
 
 vacTei another afmy^ <)»r lefen to havcadM^to-the 
 
 ^ivfak irprce under Gates; * becaufe all experience' has 
 
 ^wn, tjh^at aftefa rtjih^^^ 
 
 ^Xin vain t^ recruit I'heir airniies. TheBritini Ge- 
 
 ,ncJ'arw;oijild Kay^ beeh left at jjleafure to havefent a 
 
 corps ujp, the Nlprthj tivtir. agreeably to hi^ folemtt ca- 
 
 . j^gem^to, to feen^raif /JSui'^oy^iaejon the ad of AprU, 
 
 ^777i> aAdtQ have prGir6:U(ed hi» ori^nal de^ini of 
 
 jf^'^M'^m^gii't Ka(^''Mn*-)i4i<»oyrii^etf irIA hi^^ t* attack 
 WalhiikgtJih aiid l^ft' y^^Jai ilth tftfence 6f Wew ,Y0rki »» lie 
 'likil then iind^r ftM ithmedliiecditiiitaad z|^478«ffiqftivesc Siee 
 Mijorip««otjliUbo«fqiiftfiTidg|>c|9,ii4f(»}r4 t^f<|fp]^e of C{M|if' 
 
 m<WW*:i* IJO ')(( 
 
 ,, §1" h}ii tetter pF this date ^e ^Y'x*^. ^ <feali iK^et^^i* ifo ^ate 
 "5^; » f ocps upon the luv^er {'itrti' of KutHonifi RiVet, At0idl«h^ (o 
 '**[ oj^sA tht^ comtntxti icatktn for flllpptng thraugk titt Hi^ghlaads, 
 « at preftHi^ ol>ffr<u£led (»y il^eral km erected by tii9 rivbcU ^r 
 ** that purpofe» wh'cn corps mpy |fterw«rdi act in favour of the 
 ^ tforthera arm/. 
 
 
 \4> 
 
■1 
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 croiHng the Delaware, or to have co-operated with 
 the Northern army ia^ reducing the New- England 
 States. ^Svippofing,,but by no means gratwing, that 
 the danger of purluing ihofe meaifuVcs Iraa beea 
 fgreater^ than thofe ot ev)x>(ing his army to the perils 
 of the ocean, aiwl of a. hot fQ^^hern climate, yet cer- 
 tainly thofe obvious advai;^age$ wo\4d, atlea^. Hpiite 
 J»ftified the attempt. ",. ' " !/ /, .J^M« sB)^u. 
 ■'firOa the rgthct June te,,retu]rn6d to Brunft^el* 
 and on the a 2d to Ainboy,,^^erihg in b9ih ttia^efi^ 
 the rear, of his liealthy ajtid jiigh-/pirit^ vrttif to 'fee 
 iufulted and harraiTed by fmall parties of the rebel! s 
 
 ifL'f-r':'-? ?" •■.■<■,.»•'■;- ^.-.Mr-"^!.' <■'.'■.■-•■. • -I r -'' ."'" '' 
 .W I will here pauii^ fi^ a inofpent in iiny tisitat^^ 
 inprder to da iuilice.tjE) iWe maniieuvn^s, whidi 
 evidently furpu^ all military llpll, if not ill human 
 vun4er(landiDg. We hf^v^ feen the BrittAi Geiiienil 
 io the complete pofleBipn of th)e whWe province' of 
 New JerfeVf without t#kii)g s^ Hngle ilep to embody 
 the Loyahils, to make ufeof the force of the country 
 for its defence, or to rt^cpnicile (he minds of the peo- 
 ple to his Maje07's government. Wc have tetn hitn 
 <relii)quUhing to an enemy, of not a iixth part oif his 
 ^i«ngth» all Weft, .aiid a grca^ pA>r< 9!^ ^aft NeW Jcf- 
 ^y, without a lingle ili-ugglc to retain th^m ; and 
 :now, we find him rqucatinjg before the fame enemy, 
 .with lefs than one thjrd ,9f his eftcftive flrehgth, 
 difr^antling every foftrficat,ipn, and cvaciiatrng et^y 
 poft in a province, whiiphi ¥^^ already coft the «i^- 
 Jti(^ fo much blood and rr?a(\ire^ and thcfe blunders 
 h^ committed, that he nnglit blunder fliTf more ogre- 
 ^igioufly, that he might put his fuperior army to all 
 tb© inconveniences of a fea-voyage, that he might 
 iTommit tlem : to.atl th^dangers of' the ' bceati, and 
 ^^fs, perhaps,, icvcral thcttfand miles to meet tjiat 
 enemy, \vh6m he bad ns^ m«ich in^hia pow«r <«&«» 
 his vie w>' with dp* ble their forc^, and on ftronger 
 ground>5 Siircty ev^ry: man iii ihtWatW,; ivhofc 
 money ; he; h(i8 wafted,, has ai rig^t to deuiandof him 
 
 ' amfaaoi^j^^ntwers to ihafollo\j«iug qvwiliow**^;^ 
 
 v/. 
 
 •\ipiis iii^^AnC^i >i 
 
(( *4^ )) 
 
 tsdhii kt firefuise to aker rhe p\tn •. of v 4)}»eH> liotn. up* 
 lprein«d)Q^iM)|! thcAVs£^W[i «f h^ Mdjeily in lQm}mci\y^^ 
 ^,<ti£fayididrbe make Ibchexpenfive >pr«paratioai8 tor 
 «^te»l^ng: th&'Bdbivafe^ lond not m»ke ufe of iheoi ? 
 •^"^i^i^ lie tia&,u^ lanitbecfouth fide of the JK/Jriton, 
 -ff^ttti|1m 4pofilu»ttf)mivhach uhe rauldi^^^ 
 ^ltje(i^fai§r, «f7r:ilWEildfli)S(anJ&my) hawever.dtfpoied.i» 
 Moil^r aifail faiiti:?, Why did ho itot itnarsh ^ouud, 
 «i^ither oai<]^ieU)i(arthniDtrrSfluthr to the rear: of th^c 
 •imctn^^' >i(rtic«e -iheJ might "bej :a^aultrd< withorust! any 
 4ci%ie{f; i£u|)polk^, thkiiimntiny, €o dmi^y apollrii^ 
 jttiiitr;4t, iWlQikd -^ttve ribeeii > Jm{>ii\(kttt lo (tfiml vhis 
 «iia)ii?p^ ^>hy! iidduB jDr^t^nwijih^an arinyi iwOiy ifu^e- 
 iriw» CHtt^ hii ibppHes of provifionsy aud ftarve 
 4»iitL-^>d4<i)or;icr<ii«l^lribe.d^ nad .de&roy vali his 
 
 4)i^gB3&iA9t^at>di9tlierii3droUites <tif iilrength f.iHf ' iuB 
 tfiH^ V-^ %rceint eaeviyxtoaa«iigfli||9a>ctir, te>.him 
 ijinfivv :iiii4Tteao9dwcrtt^o proper, i£a imttirralf ^6) 
 'fsfiieduai ^ that /eadv at .;^io& tl ;hs^.»iehtiiatvi:dtf 
 Weak ^and igaoi-flnt lof «fniit«ary ;lcno«vk/:W;a6 W«IRi* 
 jngtoniBfty be^he couldnoi be foifarMTuD^Kboie 
 -of jiifPU'ti ilafetyi as to iudfer tiit: tiritiflt )(ixuiinr«lftb 
 tp^iithe I^claware, Jeize upon 'his lUuMBndeddnafp* 
 «si(i«i and the defencekfs city of Philad.«t{;duiu: Ad 
 -thin been ~atfi(in»pted» be mull :have ieftiiiJfl \^ikraiig . 
 •Hfiny, iOT faaitf loft his 'Hiflff^azioes, Andithttttooft ii»* ; 
 •porti^tilkjraa |)forth, Aoxerica. . For thefis fcc fought 
 at.^a«dy wi|>e iir>Se^e»ibeii^ and rfoc^ore iie muft 
 h»y€ t'augikt in Jiiine,i or 4oft them; iBhiladislpbiBy ^^ 
 •fttt^livis t»me) ^ns altogctther'defenceleffl^ cither h^r 
 
 '■;*r .•' '. ::•.- ..;W rn 'jiwi-v-^U ^v^;*. /».■ . ciwufc^' 
 
 -p. ;, . -, • ■■ • tri'll v^ ^*l^f^*"'-:■:irI?T■vt»t^;r'iU!i•: 
 
 1^#^irSVillUm .tibwe's Jcmo ,'U'l'h ofrjunnaigr^ I777»^^»«ll '' 
 <Jeorgc C|«ri;r^aiQe'» lot^i:, ^pi ,of Mwjch, hn{l* .§ix Wi^^^ 
 Howe's kttci', id of April} i777« ^^ffff was^rfi,elie fogrM? »5- 
 ability fhtv/n -hf aiiy tJomtnlndW, «s ' frt thdr^ Wtt^H^, TlJfe 
 £rft propcjfei "^'ftb p'dneWAt« wSfti 'rhittltain Wy of \h* ibnirty^liy' 
 way of ^«rr«y ii»«o Penrwfjfi^aniai*' 5Hie fecAnd :l»xtv coRtadi% 
 ■hiiMajefty's approbation of rlvsc.^Ian. TK« th»?4# after *%i»- 
 iilg reafot^s for changing it, which never ejdfted, propofcs " to 
 invade P9nnrTWania by fea." Ai^d in a fhort timCj^ftcr, yn 
 fiuil h*l»«d aefirt«n»th, fchrf pumi<(f his M-Mpti fchttic, dP^ 
 tranfportin; hh wWIfe «rhty ^bttd r«i Ae«C4i«?fti>*iXV *W mV«*: 
 ing Pennsylvania through Maryland and Virginia. 
 
( 4' ) 
 
 knd or water, tod there were no troops to defend tbe 
 nugazices in Pennfylvania. But the BrifHIi General 
 was too honorable an enenty to take rebels at fut^i 
 diikdvantages. It is a painful taft, for a^ liberal mind^ 
 to travel thro' all the niricondu6t of this campaign. 
 Blunder upon blunder ia inceflantly- rtfing in its 
 iriew, and as they rife they iticreafe in niagnitude. 
 lam now arrived at one, which wastho foUreeof ail 
 our misfortunes, the (DhefapeakexpcditionC' ;')i' 
 The motives which led Ithe General to this fatal 
 expedition are* as yet^'^andiiffufpeft €vcrwi1bbe,^'a 
 my(lery--becaufe,i ascertain, none ckn 4ie affigned 
 which prom i^ any adiV^ntM^ over his eikmy, ' Or 
 which could poflibly rehderHiscircumftitndes^ better 
 than when he was at l^ltHfibrodgh, where he hard 
 that enemy ^pef fe^ly in his > power, 'and of courfe 
 where be might *^awc cxtinguHhed ihe rebellion^ 
 He could not but know that thie expedition ^H'Otild 
 greatly delay the operatioAs of the campaign, ahd 
 render it inlpofftt^i, haw<5v«r aeceirary Jt niirght be, 
 to fupport thfe Notthern arnivy/ HecoufdnOt but 
 kn<Mr that by leaving Wafhington itt JerfeyJ arid 
 fuflferingi him to iitfult his tetfreantig^ afmy, great 
 di (advantages would he incurred, artd that the iratif* 
 portation of that army fevcral hundred miles by #a- 
 ter, would take up much time, give the rebels new 
 fpifirs^ and enable them to maKe new exertions' 16 
 increafe their fotxei not only'againft the^ ScJl\thfer^ 
 but! Northern army. And he perfe(f^ly Well kt\tW 
 the difficulties and deliyswhjjsb he Would i*rteetWirh' 
 in his voj^'age, becaufehe was forewarned of them*. 
 Chariry, in its urmoft extent, will not induce u^i to 
 believe the cowraryi Aiid fet, htJ^^Vir- iHtoi^fiTl- 
 enft this Expedition W'^ ^th the J)fai4i ^ip^r^^" oi- 
 QOmiiltyn policy, ^nd, hjqw^Vpi:' poxteiitoiAS of fmi 
 even;&totke North«i;n^rmy, 3nd to the tervioe li%* 
 genctal, we find himrid^tetromed to piirfae it/ ih^u&h 
 
 tf5)<»tJO 
 
 
 
 iifliji V itm I ;;«I';^i'.y. (!;^.;w.ti. ♦'. ivv;\l.,','Vi[ ^ijj 
 
( 4* ) 
 
 . ^1^ ill iMlirui^HHiiiwufly %«rA^# the ^d w^ifih 
 
 4rl)«ril9>]^h foftf «^<}a«$^lry 4»»f)«ii;«til peOM^p in rlie 
 
 lbP^«|l Utilfoji^ Oif jtbo ye»r,' in t^r vniieai^y i^lds 
 
 «f t^ Tie#r]«i tfiiiU^kM^^tJjjdy without «hfiie»^f9pjDi». 
 
 ittlMi^fMyiJI, lipli Ihat, iJiiy,i Jtfeey f|«k<i «Hit of the 
 
 jH^wiPf JR^/io«iiUjPf .withrcq^ winds, «s h«d 
 
 m^. ^iwiiMrdy! fQiiM<ii»; *b*y l^ii npt flriu e i« the 
 
 iPiif^t «f« DelftH ai^ uMil /tbei jbthv #ft4 f^ JBritilh 
 
 v^ACCaLiiicUHv^ ^ i^eodcr thkeiipetiitioQ at little 
 
 'ili|wiQJa» t9<«h« att^iftfiMnt of «he gre«|^^ ef his 
 
 .p9ipVoi|iuHi;aii]K)tflibl«, ^e i^ukl lia^e pf«W^ up the 
 
 ^S»mff6m^\fiMi^H* j^^firry fkQj|ib]« ctrcun- 
 
 JUl^P &¥a*ir|c4 the i» asip«*j;e^ T he twind w*s ijiir 
 
 j^,S.(M)th<we;ll. Wi«#^i«gtQtiiliil hdi^vifig i« nii^x^ili- 
 
 blcy ^ifat he couid d/di^cc ihe c6->op<;r(Hif>iv with tlwe 
 
 Nurthcruarin^j ren>iii£>eii in N^tjiv Jerfcy. These 
 
 0:i» woi f regular troop in I'euA^iyiyai^iiii g few te- 
 
 xxylting parties e^tep^d The fmrt M l^ud i^d 
 
 WAS g^jrilbufd on-ly hji 7 Hitlvtia, w»dJ3iUing% rt 
 
 U'ijtU 90. The floating batteries were o«t iDan^iied, 
 
 jihe lo$k'<t^xhevav^«dd«lrizie were oot pl;¥:ed Inthe 
 
 jAvtU Tiip fhain w^noc ^oiftied ; the pftir^ge from 
 
 4iyb« Capet. taHhi'ladj^lphia was open ( Red fiurik was 
 
 jDot fortified or occirpid: Ii>ih^t<her«<w?.s nothing 
 
 po ttpj^ie. the taking ppi^liton of Mv(d lilaud fort, 
 
 tlis city of Philadelphia^ a»d all the rtbel wa{«r-g\i)aril 
 
 iD the Delaware, The Gotigrefs and rebel State 
 
 were in the uttiftoil pamc> and preparing to Hy 4 ie- 
 
 sfcond time, ficif uli thefe favourably €irecititilai\ce8 
 
 Uppuld Aot induce the Briti^ General t<^ purfue thac 
 
 plan which his $overeigi>Mdapproved.'>*^ He rather 
 
 cbofe yet longer ta <»>inbHt the ufice^tjadnlks arid 
 
 lingers of the ocean^ tbaii to furprife the rebels who 
 
 were unprepared to receive him.-^He therefore pro- 
 
 ee«{kd toutpd to *lic Elk Ferry, where he arrived 
 
 ,|.. after 
 
 
 
 
 
 ij. 
 
<r 
 
 i 4S ) 
 
 Hieiie tcharity .fi^mantU m to Im^vo, ijkdt 4(f ^- 
 
 ^ ibis vmy 9prt^ixi\y m^i^iuBmt^ m MtdnihhA, 
 |ii« ioiantty Uiid been eta* \ttvu moefl^ pitor #|^ <ilti 
 fpffipUy fee(li9<g on Xah povUioiu onl'y^ iltttf Hit fvdr- 
 Ce^B. wef e ia .the £fvme ^uwr^iiy . itt ;«i Ibvttipifikif etSih^ 
 f^n the hotteftaMHii^t in. j^o yrat^ iteA\agmy«^ 
 
 uf>vaiier. Mapy of the iincil tbougli in i^e^hiif^ 
 ^eallh Mid vigour vthevtsmmriifJtdY m$tit\iAiMi^imd 
 ^nd caft inla^thc oe«an, ;diidthr> reik ifof c«iaclflie#ls 
 «|o be uucr]y uo^titir iTisrvtoe^t^Bii* »«iny'v»M>4i<Klid 
 ^on ihe^^%at7£^:Jeci^,;bur it icvuli not 1^ 
 ^Hof(e» werci >waiiting to.Cttpfiytbfi flaities of titoie 
 ?|hat Wicr^ uka^f andfinteivsaa Qec0lIiiry to fccruitthc 
 -JP^ 9r4 fpii'its ol tbofe )vh«<h^ furvvved-tfae^oyt 
 5fige. : I 4^^^in^ ^ fai tnlght ^ Igiy ttieff? triisfoituikd*, 
 alVvhich w«« tb# i»»rtirfll effinSptitofuhk'iil-aii^iftd tk* 
 .^liediUon, the arnay did h(» 0)i«ch jFtoiii ii\iu.Mddc» m 
 f « body uiitii thi; 8th ot Sei^teiubcrr wihen- it^^ pat- 
 i^iiag.thruwgh.Newaiky Hoekffci»» a»d NewiQardc®, 
 ,4j: kriAvi^ on the iofUatcK.eiif)et-Squiire.-^Wa(hvng- 
 5t9ii on the; Sth had (Viarfhed tVoin. WidmiBgtDaHn^ 
 f,tliv'Hj*^^l^«»i» ai^d Had t^ifcjia, ftrong pbft on -iIiq 
 «iheij^hi« of Brajid) wi n^> ^oo the £a(km fide aboue #k 
 .t^W)ih$:ilJ tot ffjam Kjeojiiet Square. ^^ f ^^ 
 
 ^ij,. -Thus deir)i»ing at -the happy jun^ifUf eta att«ck am 
 f^|!j5emy:<)f gfeatJy inferiftrioitje^ the Briti^ 0enetal 
 :^i^RdCKOf»k ith'ts iiitaii*3t«d .VO^'age* A$ -iif he hail 
 .«peaiilt^, give the reW States tinae^tQ jrceruit their 
 !^^feebled armicft, he Idly aod wantoniy wa^ed twehe 
 Mfweeks of thzx. precious time which hiaduty to his 
 I jSo^'f *13*gjn aad hi* c»iiiiH"y r^qiirred to be yigoroufly 
 l^iBinplpyed j^»^U€ hi% his enemy* vfho^x^s Jm hm^g/jt 
 t)Ht Bii|%)ppii^h, \Q comba* iijli ihe djUtger* of the 
 .,€krri^nt;f,jn4 to go ia iihe pe^reft cowfe 6<?a milej, 
 h9f4 J^^fcie.'€»jo^^ie 9f I kk m^^rfe ftkjliog, more than 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 ttOQl^ taiAcet ^tentimy again, pofted on flronger 
 ground, and with double their former force. 
 ■ 'tWaftitngton having now 16000 men*, and being 
 fifcngiy pofted, the Britilh General no longer thought 
 k ungenerous or ignoble togive him battle.*— Ha vmg 
 the b<{ft intdligfcnce of bit fituatton, on the nth ill 
 the morning he marched his army in two a>lumn$ 
 to> the ailkolt, the right under General Knfphauieti, 
 a trulif' galistnt officer, to piafr the Brnndywlne and 
 attack the enemy in fttrnt^- the other under Lord 
 CofBwaHN^ toturnhtfJeft'^aHlr. Both of th*efe ma- 
 noeuvfet were complerelv Hft-rted before Wafhington 
 had «ny intclSgenccof Lot?d Cortiwallis's mo^cmeiiti 
 At four o'clock the attack Ava»' made by the column 
 commanded by his Lordftiip, and although the Rebel 
 force had taken a (Irong pofitioiv dn high ground, 
 covered with very thick woods, yet * fuch was f be 
 andour of the Britifb troops; thiit the eneitiy could- 
 not fuftain ii.*^They 1b»n gave wny and' fell bacli v 
 intO'tlie "woods in their rfar..^— The Britifh entered" 
 with tfcem^ and clofelypin^fued towards theii: other 
 column then engaged with General Kniphaufeiil^^ 
 who Irat oqtially fuccefsful. A general rout toofe^-^ 
 place— the Rebel army was in a manner difperfed^/f 
 a conftderable part of it flying with precipitation in 
 I'm^ andconfufed parries by different roads towatds^"^ 
 Philadelphia, Lancafterf abd Reading ; while Wafh- 
 i»gcon;mnd the Corps he was able to keep together;* 
 fled to CheUer with his cannon and baggage. — Here^l 
 he remaiiwd within eight miles of the Bntifh army * 
 till next morning, when he marched by Derby to* 
 Fhiktdelphiak He Immd but few of his fcattercd^ 
 troops arrived be^e him, and many never joinecl*> 
 
 ■f\ 
 
 :.Ul\J\ 
 
 ^' 
 
 * In oEJer t0 obtain recruks, ^nl tawii«force-tke?r jfiittieljfvi 
 the R«eM States uniyerfMly dpcla.r«d(|ha5.Sir WiUii^ Howe h^ifct 
 left Ainerlc«, and that tb(^ re^iuit^ w,cTe only fal^ to »ttack;>.^ 
 "^tYT York, and drh— ''— --—-'-■--'^--•''*- ----- r l — ^ 
 
 tiritiit.--this aflerti 
 
 femblancfeof Tnithiby „ 
 
 cd'b/tbe lovy and ignoraat, and had the eifect intended. 
 
 
i -. 
 
 ( 45 J 
 
 ht§')edr|»8<«*^H«>weyer, bcre he ibycfd itmre tla^ 
 iuduftriouily coUeif^tng as rrniny of hds troops as. h« 
 polTibly oould, and recruiting iroin his mttppai'BCs 
 thft fuppl Im he h«d Joil in Jbatde. On ithe thvtd^^^ 
 and not; beforet her aifembled his treopey .aQdTnifirch4> 
 ed up the North Metaf the Scku^FikaJlV cfofled it «t 
 the Swjeed's ford, land paflied to^LanoHilerinBadt'- 
 Puriiikg tl>i» time the'Bntiih G^neral;^ ^tidtfuftl aft«r 
 -eveiry vii^of y,^ wilh^dtfd^rms aod/i»raiefihic|do^3ino€ 
 remaineidJwe da^is OBihfSeki cif!b«nie«i9r9<iaw496t>< 
 
 Nev€sritv»»«eQ lefien^yfinQre peifeiSlly^n tliepe^ 
 •of ^oiher^ tlifiRfbe,'K«fael ftfn)t4)«diate]y: becft ia 
 t hat^rv^r4ViUi4nii!Hiw6i: ' ' WJum i^jie tifsftrColiiiiMi 
 ot rth«, iSrkiiili'tn'aftpr hmi. . iorned Waibii^^tdo^s srighc 
 iii^i(k, hii»< i^gil»;«!rtiiyr >Mif^ .iieiHtD*ipftj(fed<t^Qciienii 
 
 »-^ir WUiMroiHowe./lvitk' rtioid'Goe'iwidlM len bii 
 Tigiiti,.€tHttng iffS his tjetxeafc to.'PhiMti^hia.; the 
 iDfihufiittiWiit^'mfhkfenr^iimA the Ghriiikiiiiiiairivicr 
 <m ihii. k4i« He ^<»fr<QbU§edu^ peija ^tweaty^bfse 
 jiiibs 6^€he^er4o:Plttk&l^iiiii* whea ike^BriAlk 
 Army .h^aviHiiti ei^tteir mikefl*ol'!thiM'toil]i»<-^A^pBr» 
 -foQioiiFxetiiihvui sdMUtkf mUft .hnvK ieeny^hfb iM^bogr^ 
 itfacoiifaettjciy'oif purfvihg ai«fe^ 
 cuin(taqced.<»-Had the BritilSi GenefAl ^di^ra^llfld 
 K.niplKik)ifeR% coluBiQitarly neiA mommg^ ik aoight 
 wi»k^eflrie(hiiveint6rec|ilcd;m fti^ carpi, dt^^ 
 
 mt t be^heightsjdt'Crum Creek, at^ J)£i^y, 0tMtl^k»> 
 iadelphiu, .the ficAuwly niiae, the iectmd loiUiteeQ^ 
 aod the thiffdf'eighteeQ miles Triom the BriMAt«Kmp$ 
 
 <atray*4)Ferry^ im^enty yajcds over^ -cmkI itftfcen Bliils- 
 •deiphift, with :the Rebel magftEtnc&»; *if be hadtDot 
 wi/aiif Jcft his pontoons »t New York as ufdkfs^'^ 
 IBy tMfiy of 'thefe movements he muft have deftroyefl 
 •tlse> fiiittbtl ftrtny ; ami in vam-wlU itbe affigiied ftB« 
 treafoniKtr Itts ikif |>urru(i\g dife; vi£kc^4lext«i«r1]|- 
 dll|;v-tfa9t ^< the trobpi had ttcd^rgone m«ich t'augtts . 
 in a ^Krqh' of feventeea >rifl|iliEA,** wh«ti « i^ koow^n 
 
 ■t-iit'. 
 
 .J 
 
(46 ) 
 
 Hc$an battalions , two Britifh brigades, three battaf* 
 ionrofi the 7 ill TCgimenr^ tjie Qucea's American 
 Kaofgersy and one fquiidron of the 1 6th Dragoufis, 
 had tvot tmrched mote than lix intles, ft»di bc^iin ji 
 venr little ad!^n dvwUiijthe battle. «'>MiRv'f^ 3^"'^' 
 htlw/sokk WtiOaington ton the Lancaflcr road ap- 
 proaching towards htaenemf. The Brtt'ifli General 
 now tnedkated a iecond battle.*-— The two cx>lunins 
 of the army wenr dn their march for that purpofe— 
 one of them began the adlion with tbe advanced 
 guard of '^heettbmy') and'defeafcditk'-^ But what is 
 bufOao itfolutioii ! ^ « -fHow eafily is it diverted Lorn 
 ki^piitrpoies by awfiorefeett cveiita ! A /hwer e/rain 
 pKt^tsm^ the intend^ attack;> Some men thought 
 that the rain was in favour of difciplined troopa, 
 who would take more cue ofithcir ammuntiaiOBjfrom 
 kaowledge m4 ezperSESioey than undifc^^iined ; • • and 
 othen were fo weak ai toiiAaginethai 00 weather 
 •ught'to prevei&f R fuperior rorce froAi «(t»ckiag a 
 Ihy enemy whenan opportunity ofi^red.<r«>^TiieBri- 
 tifli G<»efal iboughr «itherwi^'***-His ' treopi were 
 called from the attempt, and his enemy ag^iu^ by « 
 preeipitaitt^ght, &ved them^l««a« but ImtxU their 
 ibaUaiid great ammunttiony be&des fuilaiMngimncK 
 oiher ibmagew > . .i.. 
 
 ^ t ucAi i mean: to «v«i<i prolixity as mueb «» po$bIei» 
 I flMU pifs ove* the marches and counter^marcbesof 
 •eheuwo^armiea,' and ballem to) the operations. while 
 the troops by at Philadelphia. >" -O n the 16th of 
 September, Lord Co!tiwaili« without oppoiition tpolc 
 WielGonvC^that citvyl the Congrefs having fled to 
 Yoil^ And^U the officers of theKebd States to Lan* 
 C9(ktr,'*fH'is> entfy*waa truly triumphant^-uNofj^d*- 
 ■Mian General ever received i^rom the ciuzei»a of 
 iy^rae greater acclamation ; than the noble CreocilAl 
 4i<ion;Kbis occaifion fsom tbe loyal citisena of ^l^hi)* 
 kideipbi».t^^is luordihipi e^^r vigiiaitt and a£tive* in 
 wh^teverwas committed to^bis^care^^ Quartered 1^ 
 troops in the etinrc>os)of>tHe«ityy.i{tnd latwfned lately 
 ere^d ihitebitteriCi to dtfendit agatoft aoy atteini^ 
 •'^•^d^ from 
 
( +7 ) 
 
 from the Rebel wnrcr force. Before they were' ii- 
 ni(heci, two Rebel frigatof, a number of gondolas, 
 gallics, and other armed vefl'cls from Mud liland^t 
 cume up Dnd attacked the luiver battery. — The Dela^) 
 ware frigate of 30 |uns was taken, a fchooner driveiv 
 afhore, and the reit were oblij^ed to return co Mud 
 I (land, without doin^ any damn^. . ■'.;. 
 
 The taking ot Mud lUand iurt, and t^ deilruo*^ 
 tion of the Rebel water-guavd, which efl;«(£tual)y cut 
 ofl* all communication between the fleet and Orioy^/ 
 became next an object of ^bis Lordlhip'a attentionij; 
 The Rtbels had cue the dykes of the Province 
 and Bbckley's Iflands, and 4et tn the water of -the 
 river to prevent the ete^ng.. 4f .batteries, agsnnil the 
 fort. > Murr io if^j/R^ ui «&yi nifit dd} ifirtJ- 
 
 ^Captain Moatrefor^t tits chief engineer, liad before 
 tke rebellion, furveyed. Mud lilund, and taken the 
 bearings aiul <U (lances of the ihores on each fide of 
 the*iv«r.-^He faw the abfolute necetfity of. repairing^ 
 tholfe%ketvaiiid^oppiik^ tito^L the waters, before any 
 efi^^ual progrefi could iMJiiade in erei^ing the bat^ 
 tfcHSs.*— A. gentleman of con fulerable; influence in the 
 c'ityv who was of the feme opdnlon, offered t6 have 
 t^fe repairs e&^ed i« a. few dayi.-«nT;fatia was aU 
 pointed out to the Commander in chie^^ibu^ from 
 what motive is unknown to this day, they were ^not 
 p£r4T)itted to be roadei^r-rtThc workmen obl^ed tc^ 
 work in water atid foft nuad labouird in vsua»^-*^TM 
 Vifork they performed I tfaerefluk o£ the tide, the 
 influx wafhedauiay* Thus a month was (hiuneful)^ 
 waited^ and tio progrefi made towsusds taking fhfci 
 fott.i^Ac leiigtbf Lo»il; Cornwaliis fent fo^ the geni> 
 tkn^an^boi^ offered to. repair the dykeis, kiin-nK 
 ed hini^ it muft be done previoufly to the erefltHig o^ 
 the bdtt^rieSj and requelled he would undertake it^jl. 
 -^l^hitf he iHd with chearfttlnefs, and although iHt^l 
 breaches were^as Urge a^ii^i^ when he firft pit^fedl 
 tht repairit the work vras finiflied la fix darys^^The 
 b^iCteries were immediaftely ere6^ without difficulty^ 
 afld'o^ncd Oil the lotht and Mud IHandiort, after 
 
 :iu>ii being 
 
( 4« ) 
 
 l>cftjr fevercty cJinoiiaded frbirt. tlie battttlfts, iht 
 ^Vi«iaht, and mhcf vfcflili if i«^f, wns ctacnated bh 
 \li?iiAi tof Nbvember. {li wCtfks iftet <he Bthllh 
 tn^]|)!» Hiil' been in pmieifion of tK* city. ' 
 • ' iut'tbli Waf not the dnl^, ot the teartWtind^r, 
 %«idi t^^dh)<a' th^ fuccefi a^lhil Mud I AM f<^. 
 ^M)hthc 29th of Sirt;>i^cfhbcr, »rt: the ii^ifiic*' o"! 
 •Csiptatt Hi^mrtlbnd. tfcutetisiHt ColbhcV Sl^irftng, 
 #i% tlHi' tidtR aiicr iM'^imtM^WH denebdd from 
 
 faw the neccffity of Jbfthlfrt?** i>^ft at Re<i Bank, 
 nttt y<« otcMM^ HV'tlfc'Aftlfif t^^afi^'bF no ircat 
 <f6iyfe^^/wli1l/«'i^^^ liMikfd'ti) i>#ybS of 
 Billingfoort ;— but Wt^H t^fKldibfc&r poft; k 
 
 only key W M'tid''mihdrfM^Wmf fi^^i from 
 wfAdi ff :coiiW Bfe i^itVifd '6r fiippHciii^w^^h'o^l 
 i* th^ cotiW nof coVer thett watfr'-gtiardi' iirhicH 
 c6iildil!ein TJojjart'of tht titer to fup.p6rt'thc'foVi, 
 but urtdkthed»ljh<w'6f thii poft.— Abd^ Had tKii 
 pod ^en takW), and o^cupiicd' by BHtiffi trodps, t!^c 
 fort and^Wat^r^giuird W0tAd1ii(ve bccnr pliced" in the 
 midfl* o# *'ti^aogle;*iiiirf coilftiifirt^ CM 
 e*Wib« ri-OtflpdCSMnf^J^ch'^nglc^froi^ Ked E&Woa 
 fh^ Ei>^ the ProVirfcft«*Hand on tWc'Wtfrfideof tHe 
 IWtt#afe4 and^ f^dnrr^ men 6f ^*4hr oii tbe^^Sbutlt 
 ilii'«*6^i«td< ifetev^^JiiPbilfefl^ bf^Bcfc id^i, Colo- 
 nel iStlrlfag^efii^^ pcrftwfflbn^ bar jtake poffcffion of 
 Rwl »<|iiil^^bbe^^ mi' t^ gnintctf* liiib; TO^ 
 K<efatfi^/ ^aUti^ikd^i^iitage bf 'iAi« blunder, fmitiediate- 
 ly^^rtifted' it? 'Attd*'%dWp1ti iitobbn, tiiey coh^ 
 
 irbiA ^di lidvaMfti^«tpi;#heft 1^ 
 tvlotipty «hrTt!«et*^'tfcSj^t, bf tbiti^ 
 o§wtr*i-^Thc' hateftt^-bf-'tlie-BHtift tjb^- W 
 
 ■ ;■■•: 'jui: frt..- ''i-' iilUii'^ Jst.'-.tt-'SeL^.^H' ■^^**'*'-^ •♦* y|K^* 
 
 i( 
 
T 
 
 49 ) 
 
 Philadelpblfl depenikd fo much oo the fwrcnder of 
 this tort, that Walhingtoo exerted every nerve to 
 prefenre it.— He ofKered tool, ex trnordinary bounty 
 to every foldier who fliould fcrve in defending ic 
 during the fiege : Theic men were relieved every fix 
 hourg from Red Bank, therefore the defence was 
 cxtremelv obftii^te ; the enemy fullaining a lo(i of 
 neiir Ax hundred killed, which was more thao the 
 number at any time thought necdflSir^ to defend it. 
 «— From thefe fa^ we may ea(3y perceive, that by 
 neglecting to take pod At ^ed nink, on the EmR^ 
 and by the blander or npt petmitting the dykei^on 
 the Weft fide of the Delawirc to be repaired, the 
 fort oa the I(Und| which qiidht have been taken ia 
 a fetff days, hjcld «ut a flcge q? tieir ^ weekt, whic)i 
 entirelv prevented the ivbrf iii[|p»rt|int operation! 
 againii the maia fprce ot the «nemy, at a feafoo of 
 thcvear the moft proper for a^ion. 
 [^ Thefe mi^akea threw a gloom over the mindi of 
 the army and ii^habitanti.-— It wai apparent in the 
 countenancet of the hekl officer?, who began to fear 
 that the fort would not be reduced, and of ecurfc 
 that the arrny could not fubiift in ^hilar tphia du- 
 ring the winter. The (jrenerai himfelf, atlaA« be* 
 eame alarmed. — He therefore detached Coloael de 
 Doncp, with three batt»li<xns of Heflian grenadiers, 
 the regiment of Miibach,. the infantry and Chaflcurf, 
 to attack Red 6:mk, whicK was now Aroogly forti- 
 fied, and garrifoned by c^ght hundred men.-*ir At> 
 tttempt was made to novjn the works; the troops 
 behaved with the greatcft gallantTy-^they penetrated 
 into the outer intrenchmecs,- uhefiC ooeldeQo- 
 nop and Colonel Mlni)'mgende, the ftrll and fiecotid 
 in command, were wQU^<^d. and i<:veral O0cers, 
 and many of the men, were killed on the fp^ Co- 
 lonehLiniing finding tlie timer workft impKt^icftbk* 
 wasobIi|^ccl to g»ve over the iitteiiipt^««l'h(is that 
 poft, which might lia^ve iaieljr bee9 tak€o, with0«t 
 the loii of a man, ^asnotv. attacked in vnia, !i«kh 
 thetofi^dTfome of the-moft gallunt Officers i^nd heft 
 troops of the Heflian corps. 7^ - - 
 
 £ ' . Th»t 
 
 V - 
 
( '$P i 
 
 Tha;t r ri]i%li< pwrfdc a regitlar ch»ih of'eonticfted" 
 IseRt, 1 h»yo tjmjttecl a very miatcHal tranfa6tt3ii-i- 
 the baii;^ pf German Towni— WafliihgtcHft, iM^mg 
 no ^r^oj^tton in the BritSfii ^en^ral to attack hlm^ 
 antl jiinviE^ rccfeived fome relnfisMtcfhent, rcf^lv<?d to 
 att^li^pt i SirrjaJfe od ♦he Brjitifli Hrh»y.— Oo the 3d 
 of Oaafcer la l^i wii^ht, h<; ^^atohdd ff^ Sk'hp- 
 paph. j&KWa intl^si td G^m:<n 1f<Hvii^ smd begas 
 tfic^i^affk, at 6j^f o -dofek iri the momingv'on the 
 ^d )ii^i mfshirfy fuppoftbd by thfe 4fttbi rvgiraenr. 
 T||^ . |«:s|yc, Iff en fimateed ithe srtTault for a con* 
 fii^)| <i^ r ^l^ut at)fe'ti|5r!!, ot^ei^ij*^6f6d'Uy ftum- 
 li|rj5,: ' weiR? ijblf^ed' to reHi'e fnto the viHdg^— ^Wh^ti 
 EK»iet|'4ift"(5dbn(^f M^f^rftvt? tht'fcfv fiiiiififel^ With 
 , il?^ dqnipaiiiw pi' t|i[i&'40tK^^ a J^ifge ijpritf ho^tfci 
 
 ^j-'l^te jbe mr>ftrj|r41jwitLy ckfen W agrjtivft d t<6b«l 
 bnga^ -aM Jp^ 'of jJifttiotJ^ tp f>fc W^b r«* 
 
 lieve4 by the J^jenetifls; Orej^ aird A|^«i^w.— Soddi 
 after , tlie r^t f drcet '%^}y wa^' m utl ^aii pter», a 
 Mavy flaaghter cilrftteifv *nif a p6riVit tyas m«d4^, but 
 inofcii too fhcfci fo B& ;of''^ lerViee ;*— ajid by 
 
 lio incaba & '4r. Ifi» tJte ardour of the Brftilh iroofre 
 wished Ji to "bfe conti^ttu'etl.-^They wpre fr^ft, jit^ 
 latifed iVtmi *h<iir !<!|ui[irters, tv4tne the reLdls had fuf- 
 s^ihcd ^1? farti^ue hf$^ l<?n|; rharch, att T all the dif- 
 irefe of a painful idtfefi^--^ii— -The puWTult* the'^^ctbi^, 
 pttghtto ha'^ ijHSEn in alt' good polity, to (thecnemj^-s 
 €a)Mj);'had it extended fo far, the¥ebeF^lny muft 
 'b^ve been difperfed, 6nd their baggO'ge atld artiHefy 
 
 .rf(;n 
 
 iTl^e epeinjr caHed this aftioti a furpisne' ; ent^ ^I 
 
 ^6iir4 wi^v ^^ faMt of the Britifh General, thit 
 
 ihiioWn accbvnt 'i)f^it.;i^idJt<ot^ 
 
 ,He faj'B, ** at thtte' <ydbcl(t in the mdrtiing of the 
 
 cftionh, tljie patraks difcovered the enemy's approach, 
 
 and ttpan tljf cofrrmnnication of ibts intclligeUcfj^ the af- 
 
 niy wa« imfUfe^feiy ordet^d 'itHdi^ mrtni** If the 
 
 (General had reireivtd mhfer preVToUii WtelUgcnc^i he 
 
 ^|aw not as pfual, in his letters, nienttonerf it j -nd if 
 
 ilJC hail recei"i^td fucH intfelligeiifcej he coHilli^ttot have 
 
 '■■; I., . -J,". '. .'...x-y ^;J- ■',.." .„,;becTi 
 
 ^ ► 
 
"f 
 
 been ft; Hoft ^o the fafety of his atlrb^/ lis not tofoi4» 
 d r k under arw >ll ifce »(»proach of the entmy. 
 BefiJes, it further app^ai? from hi« own letter, thil 
 the light in faorry aifd furdqtb r^^piDcnt were c^iged 
 to fufiaia the attuck of 4lie ewmy for a.<H>n(i^(;r^p 
 t^mtf/ to retire into the villiige, aiidl after w^^td 
 dei-';od a large ftone IiQujfe- wiA thtt utitiQit ^Ittf^ry, 
 before they could bf rclieve^l ^^^*>cfe feems impom- 
 ble, without Ibme <iictraor4lqii«'y ^tt«g,le£t^ atod ^ t&i 
 
 imiy had nati>een f^rprwe«I|i ,- ' 
 Upon the march uf rhi TB[nViin>irn 
 
 >irpy frolrt Geiwaa 
 TowV:t9 theit Jwin^r j|^?rter«^ ^^ 
 Wafliington having CfSeeived Joiiit iiemforcemieiidt 
 from Gates*s army, re4»ov^d his eajnp from Ski ppach 
 tw» White Mar(h» neartfee p^X' Here he forrned hi* 
 qiurtcrs, on'^ hill,,|t^^yin^a yahey aiwi-fendy ruti m 
 frpnt, and defended Oh !^b<>Sd4ith*nd "Eaft by a ffenc^ 
 octrees cut uowrjr with their top limb* p<rinted an<i 
 lying outward. On ibcife fides i the grOUnd traa 
 ftrcng and ditficttl* ot aecefa^ but on the' Nor t^ and 
 Nonh-weft, or in the reari extremely eafy of ac- 
 eeft, atid unfoitifitd. On t4)<r 4th cf D^cejinbo^, 
 Sir William Hewe appeared t<> iiktend tin sutmck dtk 
 this encainpii'ientj and marched out hi« army in dif- 
 ferent criliriiuia^ which oollt (Htferen< po(ition£) but 
 all of *hem pppoi^e tochofe parts of -the (r»rti|> where 
 kwas m«ft diffiouk of a;3proacb, ahif-TA foine dtgro* 
 fortiffeLt-'Tvyo fn>aU ik'i'mjihe* happened; in €«tk 
 lyf' wbich the rebel* empioyed cooo men, who \vefn 
 dtltat^d Mriih very iinle ii>fs. Several movemeatQ 
 tvercf mude towards the cn<!my*a righr an(i le^, but 
 inoac t3 get round n\ hia re? r, wTitre he was tttlnc*- 
 rab!e withpwt rifcjue or lii^uhy. If the GenemJl 
 teaHy ihteiwicd t» aiEiuFii the camp, it was certainly 
 to bti made by an approach in the rear. If he mfeanft 
 to cut Waihingtoij oft" iTom Kit b^ggai^e and proti- 
 Com, which lay about five miles dlftlri, it was to 
 be done by the faine manoeuvte. Th:s was What 
 Waibin^fon expe<5lit'd and dreaded, and (iierelfoFc had 
 taken every meafure preparatory to flight. But the 
 
 i- 2 , General 
 
( Si ) 
 
 Gcneml <»tttett«e4 ihinifcH*- st ith : having; offered^ to 
 WafliitigtcMA hit cfh(|ic0 ^ 4^f:h€oriwkf 9^' Kis^l«an 
 furifi tiitd^etttrtiftd on tliit> 8»*i to Philadelphia, twit 
 tiAt Withtiut'bdng^^ready t}ef)CaTed. Men who wtW' 
 pcfk^ihS^y ^q«laihied«i'ifh the ground of Wafhing** 
 toti^Vurii^; thd cafy «p{>r^eh tp it in itin»r, the 
 varic^^' i»f * g0od> t5o«rd«!:i i^^iid^ng. w&^it eitheir on the 
 right ^r leJr^r ftiid llt^"gJ>fei^* 4iUMaMft»gcs >hich,t.he 
 Bcitiih trd6^^wh\M' hfeiY^ ieoroin«ndfed by » movc- 
 metlf round thfe e*mj>V #c*ft Uilmiiflpcd at his return, »- 
 mthiAH I6«faiftg^a>''gu<^ pli*^"€(r' efp«rciaiiy ai '\tP 
 >viis^>K dHi>^d% iti ^Yh^ Waflrfif^ft ti'frHfoopg were in 
 ih^^^U^ft'p^fiit ^d <*o'Bfufl6tH ;ih^ prtpared oight 
 and' diiyf&i* ftiigt*f, idttVin^s the tiitie th« Brrtifh a4my 
 remained in the nej^t\b<W!^6rtidi • ;"''S'' 
 
 Neither of ttreGeiicf^W hikviog i*ny'ke#ft appetite 
 fcrt* fig^htihg, "thdi'ghi fkiift vfery'4^fteF*»i ^Ciotives, 
 cEC, beciaufe hieltfltw hfe c»!uld n^)t ednqtif^r, and the 
 othcT', hcciiljfe he feiredh^i^hoiiid toijquft< tb*>l"oon, 
 they went tiito ^Int^r ijuttTrehi,' SJi* W^UIata Htoue 
 to Pbiladelph^uvand Wa(h'jftgt6n to theA^ alley Forge. 
 Hete, with indefatigahlc jaboiir, he built a number 
 of wooden hiirsv coVered w\ih Jo6ftf tlraw and earth. 
 Very/ uncomfortable Jod^^ngi f€»r- Ki^ rrtt^i H«* 
 ioitmpd ap intrench ^nr round h)i9^ cninp bii the Eaft 
 and South. The ditch 'WnliwMi'iorethaii fix feet 
 }ii breadth, n« mor# thofi ihrc< feet i^ecp, Th« 
 mound was not four feet high, and very narrow, 
 and eaiSl)" beat doiva'^^ • esnnoiiw 'Two* redoubti 
 wefe begun, bur ivevef'finifce^-^thfe SchUylltill wat 
 en his left, with k bridge setoff it. Hia rear, for 
 tlie iTiWl part, was fetut^ by an impaffable pr«dpic« 
 forhlecl' by the V«fley<?ree^i' leaving only a narrow 
 pa{T*a<^e near the Schi^niciTI, through Which traveller! 
 pali Weflward up the rivet. On the right, hit 
 qwirlers were aCcSeffibto xilth fbinife difficulty ; but in 
 jiis froht^ an appiVOaiph inight have been made on 
 ^'joUtid ne-ariy on a level with his cantp. The dip 
 t^of Irs head nuarterj. ifQUV Philixdclphia was 
 
 ■' Here 
 
 K 
 
 iiupit twenty tnifes^? 
 
 f: 
 
' ( S3 ) 
 
 Mtrf Wafhingtqn lay alj the winter and fpriiig, 
 
 dei'cribjB. ^iUamiy ItbQurijOg uader bud^ppo'mtr^Y 
 niei>ts 4it»Ho|V m c.ve*y reTptitt; . liii^ iioopH. io *n 
 manner^ tjaked in the ixmft incleijjf nJ; i^pafyfi ^f fcli«,f| 
 J cap, t»a«n|5,nf> faltpruvrti^MitS; 8n4 Utile f^\%i9 94Pn'^ 
 with the ^f«2lh^ often oa ibortialkiWvanc?, in refptiSk.lt^^r 
 both, rapidi)' Wdiftiag,by ftfHi^efi thjit raged, wui ft^h 
 ^rtroeinitHtaruy injall ita:diffei«?tti h«»i'pit«U* i»nd wri.wa 
 put any of the w|iua»l ai«d ai\e»r ;^ icUeKC ^Wmbp? 
 Hi* .armyMWaa .likt;wtl!e diipi;v>iijitiea iby-c<W:ikn^ 4ef«^iry» 
 imaf ill evHipaiiit:! tri^mijte*; to fifty perf^i)$,«t,^;.r 
 time. HctHe» iu .tbrpfiJiDQWh^i^iis i^m«b^r , wft&jr^ri 
 dttctd to kO tl>ah 40PP nKn> land ,^»^fei WP^Ln«it« 
 'wit'i propriety be cul)fcd(!^#^:4iv4|.\.' ^H if b mj..?<;J!( 
 
 c»ftgeroA*« ila^ ifroni Pec9«v^ber liU JSiay,^ ;H bile » (ic; 
 Brfti0t,fcipop8, jifho Jbad:ti>« i»ell, appointiTaents, au4 : 
 were i» hi^b M''^tlvs^i>4'A*'^.pl>*>My; in F^iladclpl>ia|^ 
 in a ^reat nicalure: inat^ivf;» .i"ufe;i»iug M>^ rebel a to 
 dillrcfa! ibii Idyai inhabH*nm><>n every fide 9^ }h^ 
 Briti(b liue^, lo delltoy: O^^ir ipillPi. Jeizc en thptiri 
 gfitin, tbei/^orfes, and their cattle-^imprifani whip, 
 brmid, «iid kill y tbe unh(8ppy people wbo,. devoid 
 {u, the ,ci»ufe of their Sovereign, at ^very riiijj^, 
 were daily, iiupplying th^/arniyt iiavy^ and^Joynl in-, 
 Jvabitants^itblath^ Unies,, w^thcv^r^ oecjefia*^^ and 
 
 luxwj' <hat the country anorded,,;,^v jorf ?; ,; - r.nt 
 Hadtbe lurce uud«?r^Waft»»ngton bo- - any (;om« 
 prifpn with iftat <jf tl>eV3Mjtiil^,8rniy, fhould^not 
 be at a lofs to account ior .the; conduct ot (he Britifli 
 Gf'nerak in fVfiffeJ;'^ng a w^a^^ diilre(Ied, and yet mif- 
 cbicvQtus enemy, to remain, near (ix months fo near 
 him, junmoleAed. £very military roan, indeed, eve- 
 ry man of common fenfe, who was acquainted with 
 |he 4ift'erem force of the tvyo. armies, apd Wafliing* 
 ton'% pt^i^tion, expe(5ted daily to fee his cgmp jiitaulc* 
 ed or. befieged, more erpeciaUy in the months of 
 Warch* April, and May, wh^» the, inclcmcBcy of 
 the winter had ccafed, becaufe thcirkncwthe.aiUult 
 .:L . WlU 
 
 1 < .•. 
 
( S4 ) 
 
 was tlieh. pr!it*^lcabie wUh czi'e and little rifque. 
 VVaf(h4ngt6n oftew, during thU time, bad not three 
 daY9 pr« virions in hift cainp, and . (bmfitimes -not 4 
 fisifi«ieiicy for one dajr;< The 3cbu)^kiU oir his iefr, 
 \vW not p;»>iri#ble but over the bridge. In his reaf 
 Jajr t(he Valley Cvedc, with the high ^ccipi^ ' and 
 rtftrfflwi pajff^gtf beti^re dciVr,ibcd. iShiirj^nt, and 
 ort fe» rights: h/^MfasaflUi^ble on fqnal tei^ms. It 
 ift drilctrft to dctermitic, wheiU^r ;,thel4-circi*anft«ncci 
 f?<Vtottf5pd mofl anatjiiiitt or H.liggqr^ Had t^e Gene-* 
 ral taken pod wl^h aoop n^en, «n4 fortified a com* 
 rrtaiidiBg ground on ilie Nwtb lide «f Schuylkill^ 
 near the twid^e, « iv6tjld ba*e i»;cn iropoij^ble f6r 
 the rebel army to. have efcap^d on the Jefr, Jlad be 
 taken 4>qA with a like pu"^t>cr on a (i/nilar piece of 
 gi-ound* oppolite jp rhcf naitow paifAge ior his War, 
 it won Id have had al^ke eiftei^ in thatqi|ai?cer. Ani 
 had be detached, at tlK ifajiie tinie five or fix tl>ou- 
 fiind anoirtto the frto?i>t^i6?5j r\gh«\^ #e caitip, they 
 wonU'lffijfe prevented a flight on thofe 0«^e«,. ^i4 
 faej1ttt£ed an affault in fmir different plnces at the " 
 fame moinent. And fuch would have been the po- 
 fittons of the iisveral eorpt of tbe^ befiegers, that 
 they might incaf6«(f an attncV» lnv6 betn iinmedi'-' 
 ate^ fiij^ppried. Under rheffe propitiotw circunj* 
 ftahee^i wfwit mortals coiild dijubf o/fiiccefc ! Bu< 
 tttithiir thde, xhe drftte.Vt»f the loyaj inhabitants^ 
 the millions he ,wa8 wafting, the profjjiA of gtery, 
 war I'he dutyhc owe*k to his Sovereign and the na- 
 fk|ln»ipoa|d prevail en the Gcneinal to do a Ay thing« 
 
 Vi Ct^ma -Imjroffibte for a candid encjuirjir aft(jr 
 fnith, howerer painful the talk, not totafkeabrief 
 and cptlc^ed <v:c\V of the errors of tnis campaign; 
 The Brl^ih General h'jd declined taking i1ti;e field; 
 becaiyfe th^^ gVt^n forage was not fuflrciently growni- 
 althongb the country prod need, and his niagazihes 
 Weri ftored with, dry and better fon-age. He had 
 met' his enemy at Filllfborough, and though pof- 
 feflfed of tret>lc hi« fttengtii, he would not fight hiirti 
 
 or 
 
1^ 
 
 ■^p 
 
 (( 5J5 ) , ' 
 
 'or even dvftrefi htrt^i, by palTing llVc Defaware *nd 
 ttking hkiHf gtilnes . He jJvcferred ^nf^ngoa his 
 Ml'mmffjed rtff^^ td Chdapeak, three Woii*h«f«f his 
 ▼aliiftble time, whi&h, had t^ei)"bieen ivlleiy nikl 
 ▼igordufly^ femplriy^d, ivci'e mcne tkhii fuf .Ydnt «o 
 fttpprelff the rtfbeliion. He oltiit4ed te^luppoi^ >>G«^ 
 0^1 'Bar^(MMi6^. ^1 6iren * ^ nink^ { a - drvtrfi^ni 
 «(n th^ coiit i>f Marrfchxifti's Bay^ tu Ws^^iaijovir, 
 though he Mnttvf Aich 'Wst6^%is-M;^<^^'9-<pIefffort^; 
 an<l that- either mef^wewcMiitf' *haiv(i *fer>v«4^lbe 
 northern trtnyi And he took e^re> nc^ to fUffiH^Sh' 
 HenfyCrraton to perfifl-m tbbCe iiwport^t i^hr^icte, 
 by riot leaving ht«i fuffie^fettt f«fce^ tho«?tbe i^fetl 
 afiny^ '^ - that time, 6oiVlirt«<* <JC ietiufhan'bBd^htsid 
 .of his- eiFed^ve! fore*; ?Acftd'' thougH'ejtfperitJiKe^htJd 
 taught him, that as fdo^ nis t^e opcfwrioirt lof the 
 Brittlha^tny. tdbl^ ^jit^elh tll€"c«unt«yi'j«b€ ^dple, 
 were fo intiniWhted, that the R^bel States attempt!^ 
 to recruit in vahvj yet, as Kfd^ermityedlo gtve'ihenii 
 opportuhity and rime fufficiem to i^infohGC their 
 armies, he purfoed the vei*y -meafurt-s which Wafh- 
 ington hiriiieif would hare ad vi fed for that purjiofe. 
 -He rclinquiftied his operations aheadyhtegvm, arxl 
 hid his hi^h-fprntted arpny on tl,© t^cean. H*? de- 
 clined 'his iht<tnded reute Mp the' Dcla^fare,- ait ^a 
 time when the city of Philadelphia a«3 the fort -iit 
 Mud Iflar«d n-ere not ahle tooppofe bini ; and thos 
 he gave the enemy full time t» put the latte'r in the 
 moft j)erfe<9; ftate of defence. He met W«ailiingt6n 
 at Bfandywmeon ftrbnget grourtdi and virith fe wwe 
 ttt/^ice as grtat as thcrfe which he poff* iftd vat the 
 mountain above Quibble town, attacked, defeated, 
 gnd difperfed his army ; and though that army was 
 hemmed on all (ides by Britifli troops, or i.wpaffable 
 waters, yet he would notpurfue the advantage. He 
 met the fame enemy at Gofhen, and began the at* 
 tatk, but was diverted from certain victory by a 
 flower of rain. He declined fufFtring the dykes on 
 the province of Blackley's Iflands to be repaired, 
 though it was a wbrk-^blbluffely neccffary to the 
 '"'%'* '^ ..u^aspj* #i<i «iay ' taking 
 
 •i^A^'ifw ur>v. . 
 
iiPPPMFIiiPIP 
 
 "W" 
 
 ^ 
 
 ( s6 :) 
 
 taking of Mud Iflsmd fqrt. * lU rcfi^d to pc-rm'n 
 CokNtfl Stirling to take pod «t Hcci Bank, though 
 it frmtthekry to tbotf^t, mijI without the pof- 
 ibffioo of wkick'thtf Reheb could not have defended 
 It ft week. He fupinely fuiercd bimfelf to be Air- 
 prifed at Gernum Town, where the «ak>ur ^nd 
 m£khfny of i^vi traopt, notwtrhftanding the &r|p>rtfe, 
 gained a iriAory* at hoeouFHble to m^Mv m if ncmi- 
 iiioos to their Geftorat, who ibfieredthe enemy to 
 cifcape withMHH dSs^tual purfviit, when they were 
 languid frith fetigue, and deiponding from their 
 defeat. The fiMne general, after feenung to inirite 
 vWalhinetoil to bat^y-at White Marfh, poffued eve- 
 ry tneatuae thutwat likely to prevent, nndomiteed 
 the only one thsf maft inevicably hi^e brought on 
 an engagement. " 
 
 Many <9ther inilancrs of blundevt tending to the 
 fame tnifchievous efieAs, though of lefs conrequenc<^, 
 might be here added ; but I have cont«Dted myfelf 
 with only metuioniog the moft motnenrous. Blup> 
 ders fo grofs— fo contrary to the lead degree of 
 military knowledge, that their poflibiKry almoll 
 exceed^ the uMnoft extent of our belief. Blunders 
 at fatal to this kitigdom, as their enufe is inexpli- 
 cable. It is to them we are »lreadv indebted for 
 the unnecessary and wanton expenditure of twenty 
 millions — for the ftianneful lofs of the northern army 
 -"'ttr the exigence o^ the rebellion nt this time in 
 AaPrica*>—for the alliance of Fnmce with the re- 
 volted Ctdoniet — for the war between this kingdom 
 and the two powerful hovfes of Bourbrm, and for 
 Ihe very critical and dangerout &tte of the nation. 
 
 F I N J S. 
 
 i 
 
'if" »'" 
 
 
 ik.iii«i!ii Ji.iiii xM^aipiiipR^ 
 
 f-. 
 
 .«»,■ 
 
 ■Twpis^^iijg»p<ian«»*w«ii^R55ft«^ ^^--^ r:<w 
 
n